7 'J- 'J PEOCEEDINGS y^^ OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ^'Y'/*^ VOL. VIII. 1856. PHILADELPHIA. PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY: By Merrihew & Thompson, Lodge St., North side of Penna. Bank. 1857. INDEX TO VOLUME YIII. Ashrread, S., remarks on presenting algce, 79 ; don. tamus., i. v. vi. ix. xviii. xix. xxviii. Ashmead, Sam. B., death of, 257. Academy, Imperial, of Science, don. to lib., xii. Academy Roy. Imp. Meteorol. and Mag., don. to lib., xii. American Acad. Arts and Sci., don. to lib. xvii. Agnew, W. G. E., don. to mus., xxviii. Academy of Sciences of Lyons, &c., don to lib., xxx. Elake, W. P., elected cor., 59 ; don. to lib., iii. Billings, Mr., specimen, remarks on, by Dr. Leidy, 62. Boston Society of Nat. Hist., don. to lib. iii. Bigler, Hon. W., don. to lib., vi. Bridges, R., M. D., Vice President, verbal com. on iron ore, 102 ; don. to mus., xiv. Bond, F., don. to mus., xix. Bronn, Prof., don. to lib., xv. xxsiii. Bailey, Prof., 79. Barton, Dr. T. R., don. to mus., i. Burtt, J. L.,M. D., U. S. N., don. to mus., iv. * Barnet, G. J., don. to mus. v. Burke, W. G., don. to mus., v. British Museum, 161. Binney, W. G.,214, don. to mus. xxviii. Brazier, A. J., don. to lib., xv. Boker, Dr., don to mus., xviii. Baker, R. B., don. to mus., xix. Bowers, Mr., don. to mus., xx. Bronn, Dr., don. to lib., xx. Berkeley, M. J., don. to lib., xxiii. xxiv. Berkeley and Broome, don. to lib., xxiii. Berkeley & Welwitsch, don. to lib., xxiv. Berkeley & Curtis, don. to lib., xxiv. Berkeley & Desmazieres, don. to lib., xxiv. Babbage, C, don. to lib., xxvi. Bailey, Rev. Mr., don. to mus., xxvii. Committees on Scientific papers : on *' enumeration of mosses." by T. P. James, 1 ; on Ambystoma, by E. Hal- lowell, M. D., 1 J on two new Ich- thyodorulites, by Jos. Leidy, M. D., 4, 5 ; a new synopsis of the Mj'ceto- phagidfe of the U. S., by J. L. Le- Conte, M. D., 5 ; synopsis of the Phalacridae of U. S., ib., 5 ; notice of Scarabaeidae in United States, ib., 5 ; table of species of Chiaenius in United States, ib., 5 ; on synop- sis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera in U. S., by VV. F. Rogers, 5 ; on notes on N. American birds in A. N. S., by John Cassin, 5; on synopsis of Entozoa, &c., by J. Leidy, M. D., 5 ; on notice of re- mains of extinct mammalia from Ne- braska, by the same, 5; descriptions of remains of fishes from Carbonifer- ous and Devonian formations of U. S., by J. Leidy, M. D., 61 ; descrip- tions of some remains of fossil mam- malia, ib., 61 ; on new species of Gasteropoda from Nebraska,' by Messrs. Meek & Hayden, 62 ; on a fossil genus of the fam. Blastoidea,by Messrs. Shumard and Yandell ; 62'; remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. Hayden on Judith river, by J. Leidy, M. D., 62 ; on three extinct fishes, ib., 76; on the sandstone fossils of the Connecticut river, by J. Deane, M. D., 76 ; new INDEX. fresh water shells of California, by I. Lea, 76 ; a new species of Triquetra, ib., 76 ; a new genus of Naiades, ib., 76 ; notice of remains of extinct mam- rrmlia, discovered by Dr. Hayden in Nebraska, by J. Leidy, SI. D., 76 ; a a new snake from Illinois, R. Kenni- cott, 77 ; thirty new species of fossil Acephala and Gasteropoda from Ne- braska, by Messrs. Meek & Hayden, 77 ; on fossil remains of a Seal from Ottawa river, U. C, by J. Leidy, M. D., 77 ; on several new genera and species of fossil fishes of carbonifer- ous strata, Ohio, by J. S. Newberry, M. D., 78; Plantae Kaneanae Arcticae et Polaris, by E. Durand, lOl ; on new articulata, by A. Sager, 102 ; on four new exotic Uniones, by L Lea, 102; thirteen species exotic Peristo- mata, ib., 104 ; on Synopsis Fungo- rum in America, by Messrs. Berke- ley & Curtis, 104 ; on new species fossil Acephala and Gasteropoda from Nebraska, by Messrs. Meek & Hay- den, 105; contributions to the Ich- thyology of west coast U. S., by C. Girard, M. D., 105 ; on Ceratites,by Prof. L. Harper, 105 ; examination of meteoric iron from Xiquipilco, by W. J.Taylor,] 05; two new Urodeles from Georgia, by E. Hallowell, M. D., 105 ; new gen. and sp. [Jrodela of U. S. Exploring Expedition, by C. Gi- rard, M.D., 139 ; fifteen new species exotic Melaniana, by I. Lea, 139; new sp. Hyla, by J. L. LeConte, M. D., 140; notes on new reptiles in A. N. S., by E. Hallowell, M. D., 141 ; on new sp. African birds in A. N. S., from P. DuChaillu,by J. Cassin, 144 ; on remains of extinct Vertebrata, by J. Leidy, M. D., 161 ; on Cyprinoid fishes of fresh waters west of Missis- sippi, &c., by C. Girard, M. D., 162 ; on the Byssus in genus Unio, by I. Lea, 163; Synopsis of the Melolon- thidaE,by J. L. LeConte,M.D.,2l5 : on genus Salmo in California, by C. Girard, M. D., 215 ; extinct verte- brata of N. Jersey from Prof. Cook, by J. Leidy, M. D., 2l5 ; new species of birds in Nat. Mua. and in Mus. A. N. S., by J. Cassin, 216; on reptiles in A. N. S., by E. Hal- lowell, M. D., 216; on Dr. Ham- mond's reptiles from Kansas and Ne- braska, ib., 216; on extinct Verte- brata discovered by Prof. E.Emmons, by J. Leidy, 216; on extinct fishes discovered by J. E. Evans, M. D. . ib., 216 ; on new species Tanager . by Mr. Sclater, 259 ; eleven new sp . Uniones from Georsiia, by 1. Lea, 259; existing Moliusca in Little Lakes, by J. Lewis, M. D., 259 ; on a new bird of genus Campylorhyn- chus of Spix, by P. L. Sclater, 260 ; birds of Southern Indiana, by R. Ray- mond, 260; notice of remains of two sp. Seal, by J. Leidy, M. D., 260 : new fossil Moliusca of Nebraska,with a catalogue,by Messrs. Meek & Hay- den, 260; new and remarkable genu? Ranidae from river Parana, by E. Hai- lowel],M. D., 261 ; remarks on ex- tinct sp. fishes, by J. LeiJy, M. D.. 299 ; classification of the vegetable kingdom, by T. G. Hilgard, M. D., 300; on extinct turtles of N. Jersey, by J. Leidy, M. D., 300 ; on Dr^ Heermann's collection of Texan rep- tiles, by E. Hallowell, M. D., 301; on extinct Vertebrata discovered by F. V. Hayden, by J. Leidy, M. D., 301 ; catalogue of birds collected by Mr. DuCbaillu at Cape Lopez, by J. Cassin, 301 ; description of three new genera and twenty-three new sp. of tertiary fossils from California and one from Texas, by T. A. Conrad. 301. Committees : on letters of Dr. Lewis, 259 ; on letters of Prof. Oldham and of T. Biddle, Jr., 260. Committees, election of standing, 3. Clanton, S. W., M. D., don. to mus., xix. xxTi. Curtis & Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Coates,B. H., M. D., don. tolib.,xviii. Canadian Institute, don. to lib-, xvii. Cassin, John; notes on N. American birds in collection of A. N. S. and Nat. Mus., 39 ; resolutions by, 76, 77, 143 ; descriptions of new sp. Afri- can bi|[ds in mus. A. N. S., collected by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu in Equatorial Africa, 156; descriptions and notes on birds in col. A. N. S. and in Nat. Mus., 253; letter from Mr. Du- Chaillu, 300 ; catalogue of birds col- lected at Cape Lopez, W. Africa, by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu, in 1856, &c., 316. Camac, W., M. D.,don. to mus., iv. Corse, Dr., don. to mus., ix. Carson, J., M. D., 139, 261 ; don. to mus., ix. Coppedge, O. D., don. to mus.,xxvii. Chandler, W. P., don. to mus., xxviii. INDEX. Coleman, W., don. to mus., x. Cope, Alfred, 141. Cresson, C. M., don. to mus., xiv. Coppee, Prof. H., 327. Coles, E.j don. to lib., xvi. Cabanis, Dr., don. to lib., xvi. Correspondents elected : Ranch, John H., M. D., 4. Steiner, Lewis H., 1. Green, J. W., M. D., 4. Blake, W. P., 59. Hayden, F. V., M. D., 75. Von Miiller, Baron J. W., 141. Davis, J. Barnard, 159. Sclater, Philip Lutley, 298. Elliott, Right Rev. Stephen, 298. Conrad, T. A., descriptions of three new genera; twenty-three new sp. of middle tertiary fossils from Cali- fornia and one from Texas, 312. Deane, James, M.D., on the Sandstone Fossils of the Connecticut river, 76; don. to lib., xi. Drinker, Sandwith, Esq., 76, 299; don. to mus., ix. Dock, Dr., don. to mus., v. Dana, J. D., Prof., don. to lib., vii. xvi. xxi Durand, Mr., 101. Davis, Jos. Barnard, 216. Davidson, Geo. B., don. to mus., xiv. xix. XX. Draper, E., don. to mus., xiv. Dickinson, W. E, don. to mus., xiv. Dunlap, T., 327. DeVesey,L., 327. Damazieres & Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Denny, W. H., don, to lib., xxxiii. Dewey, H. B., don. to mus., xxviii. Election, — Standing Committees, 3 ; of members and correspondents, 4, 59, 75, 138, 141,159, 214,257,298,327; annual of officers, &c., 326 ; of libra- rian, 159. Editors Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, don. to lib., iii. vi. xi. xv. xx. xxx. Editors Charleston Med. Journ. and Rev., don. to lib., iii. vii. xi. xv. xx. xxx. Editors N. O. Med. and Surg. Journ., don. to lib., viii. xii. xx. xxiii. Editors N. Y. Med. Times, iii. viii. xii. XV. xvii. XX. Editor Canadian Nat. and Geologist, don. to lib., xi. xvi. xxiii. Edwards, Milne, don. to lib., xiii. Editors of Louisville Review, xvi. Editors Peninsular Journ. Med,, don. to lib., xvii. Elwyn, A. L., M.D., resolution by, 75. Eckert, J. R. & F. S., execrs. of J. Read, 104. Eckert, Mrs. M., don. to mus., ix. Elliott, Rt. Rev. Stephen, 298. Editors of Canadian Journal, don. to lib., xxiii xxxiii. xxxv. Earle, G. W., don. to mus., xxvi. xxvii. Engelman, don. to lib., xxx. Essex Institate, don. to lib., xxx. Fisher, J. C, M.D., don. to mus., ix. xviii. Frazer, J. F., don. to mus., ix. Foltz, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus., x. Forbes, W. S., 214. Francfort, Eugene, M. D., 257. Frauenfeld, George, don. to lib., xiii. Fisher, C, don. to mus., xx. Fouike, W. P., don. to mus., xxvi. Farrady and Reiss, don. to lib., xxx. Guillou, C, don. to mus., i. xiv, xix. Gilliams, don. to mus., i. Gilliss, Lieut., J. M., U. S. N., don. to lib., ii. Girard, Chas., M. D., contributions to the Ichthyology of the W. coast of the U.S., from specimens in the Mus. Smith. Inst., 131 ; on a new genus and species of Urodela, from the col- lections of U. S. Expl. Exped., &c., 140; researches upon the Cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States of A., west of the Mississippi valley, &c., &c., 165; notice upon the species of the genus Salmo of Authors, observed chiefly in Oregon and California, 216. Gilpin, Chas., don. to mus., xix. Garrigues, S. S., M. D., 138; don. to mus., xxvi. Gobrecht, W. H., M. D., 141. Griffith, R. E., M. D., 257. Genth, F. A., M. D., don. to lib., xiii ; don. to mus., xviii. Gross, Prof. S. D., 327. Gray, Asa, don. to lib., xxiii. Gleizes, J. A., don. to lib., xxvi. Gould, Dr. A. A., don. to lib., xxx. Raymond, Rufus, M.D., Birds of south eastern Indiana, 286. VI. INDEX. Hilgard, T. C, M.D., 301 ; synopsis of a new classification of the vegetable kingdom, 304. Hartman, W. D., M. D., don. to mus., xviii. Hayes, I. I., M. D., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Holbrook, Prof. J., don. to mus.. xix. Hesse, F. G., 298. Hoopes, B. A., elected cor., 59; don. to mus., iv. V. xiv. Hayden,F. V.,M. D., see F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, 63, 70, 72, 75, 77, SI, 109, 265. Hamilton, F. H., don. to lib., xv. Hammond, Dr., U. S. A., don. to mus., xix. xxvii. Hill, W. A., don. to mus., ix. Hill, A. C, don. to mus., ix. x. Hallowell, E. M. D., description of several species of Urodela, with remarks on the distribution of the Caducibranchiate division, and their classification, 6 ; description of two new species of IJrodeles from Geor- gia, 130 ; notes on the reptiles in mus. A. N. S., 144; on several new sps. reptiles in A. N. S., 153; notes on the reptiles in A. N. S., 221; notice of a collection of reptiles from Kan- sas and Nebraska, presented to A. N. S. by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A., 328 ; on a new and remarkable genus of Ranidae, from the river Parana, 298 ; notice of Dr. Heermann's collection of reptiles from near San Antonio, Texas, 306 ; description of a new genus of Colubriform serpents, from California: don. to mus., iv. ix. xiv.; remarks on Urodeles, 101. Harper, Prof. L., on Ceratites Ameri- canus, 126. Hooker, Sir W., per A. Gray, don. to mus., i. Hanson, W. C, don. to mus., i. Hazlehurst, S., per J. A. Clay, don. to mus., i, Horner, J. G., don. to mus., iv. Hart, C. P., M. D., don. to mus., v. Hopkins, Prof. W., don. tp lib., viii. Harlan, R., Jr., don. to mus., xxvi. Heermann, Dr., ilon. to mus., xxvii. Howell, S. B., don. to mus., xxvi. Institute Roy. Imp. of Geology, don. to lib., xii. See Society. lardin des plantes Paris, exch. with mus., v. lackson, C. T., exch. with lib., vii. Jeanes, Jos., don. to mus., ix. Jordan, A., don. to lib., xxx. Kennicott, R., Esq., description of a new snake from Illinois, 77,95 ; don. to lib., viii. ; don. to mus., ix. Kennedy, R. W., don. to mus. i. Krider, John, don. to mus., v. xiv. Kane, Dr., don. to mus., ix. x. Keller, William, M. D., don. to mus., ix. Kittoe, E. D., M. D., don. to mus., xiv. Kane and Mitchell, don. to mus., xiv. King, A., M. D., don. to mus., xviii. Kite, T., don. to mus., xix. Kuhn, C, don. to mus., xx. Kennedy, Dr. H. W., don. to mus., xxvi. Kirtland, Dr. J. P., don. tomus.,xxviii. Knieskern, P. D., xxvii. Lea, Isaac, Vice Prest. ; descripiton of new fossil fresh water shells, of California; description of a new spe- cies of Triquetra, Klein ; description of a new genus of Naiades, 76 ; de- scription of twenty-five new species of Exotic (Jniones, 77, 92 ; remarks on a tooth of a Sauroid reptile, from near Phcenixville, 77 ; description of a new sub-genus of Naiades, 79; de- scription of new fresh water Shells, from California, 80 ; description of thirteen new species of Exotic Peris- tomata, 109; description of twenty- five new species of Exotic Uniones, 92 ; description of four new species of Exotic Uniones, 103 ; descrip- tion of fifteen new species of Ex- otic Melaniana, 144 ; description of the Byssus in the genus Unio, 213 ; exhibits specimens of Uniones with Byssus, 215; description of eleven new species of Exotic Uniones, from Georgia, 262 ; com. on Triquetra lanceolata ? — now named Contorta, 300 ; don. to mus., v ; don. to lib., xiii. Lei ly, Joseph, M. D., exhibits heart of a dog containing worms, 2 ; paper on two new Ichthyodorulites, 4; paper on entozoa, &c., 5; description of two Ichthyodorulites, 11 ; a synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-con- geners, observed by the Author, 42 ; notices of some remains of extinct Mammalia, recently discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the Bad Lands of Nebraska, 59; remarks on a specimen from Mr. Billings, 02 ; notice of re- mains of extinct Reptiles and Fishes, INDEX. VU. discovered by Dr.F.V.Hayden in the Bad Lands of Judith river, Nebraska Territory, 72 ; notices of three extinct Fishes, 76 ; notices of remains of ex- tinct Mammalia, discovered by F.V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, 76 ; notices of the remains of a species of seal, from the Post-pliocene deposit of the Ottowa river, U. C, 77, 90 ; notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly characterized, 77, 91 ; notices of ex- tinct Mammalia, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, 88 ; notice of some remains of ex- tinct vertebrated animals, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., 163; notices of re- mains of extinct vertebrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook, of the State Geo. Survey, un- der Dr. W. Kitchell, 220 ; notices of remains of extinct vertebrated ani- mals, discovered by Prof. E. Em- mons, 255; notice of some remains of Fishes, discovered by Dr. J. E. Evans, 256 ; notice of remains of two species of seals, 265 ; remarks on cer- tain extinct species of Fishes, 301 ; notices of remains of extinct Turtles of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook, &c., under Dr. W. Kitchell, 303 ; notices of extinct Vertebrata, discoved by Dr. F. V. Hayden, dur- ing the Expedition to the Sioux coun- try, &C.J 311; don. to mus., ix. xiv. xix. Library Co., of Phila., don. to lib., xi. Latour, M. Huguet, don. to lib., ii. XXXV. xxxvi. Lesley, Chas., 299. Lang, E., M. D., death of, 261. Lewis, J., M. D., on living Mollusca in Little Lakes, 259. Lacombe, Dr. A., don. to mus., xiv. Lobeck, Dr. J. F., don. to lib., xiii. Lepsius, Dr. R., don. to lib., xi. Lewis, S., M, D., don. to mus., v. xix. Lacordaire, M. Th., don. to lib., vii. Lamborn, R. H., don. to mus., i. iv. Lyceum Nat. Hist., N. Y., don. to lib., vii. Lawson, Genl. T., M. D., don. to lib., viii. Lawson, the Misses, privilege to en- dorse tickets Le Conte, J. L., M.D., papers by, refer- red to Com., 5; synopsis of the Myce- tophagidae of the U. S., 11 ; synopsis of the Phalacridse of the U. States, 15 ; note on the genus Lithodus, of Schonherr, 18 ; notices of three gene- ra of Scarabaeidae found in the U. S., 19; analytical table of the species Chlaenius found in the U.S., 25 ; don. to lib., vii. ; don. to mus., x. xiv. xviii. xix. Le Conte, Major John, don. to mus., i. xiv.; description of a new species of Hyla, from Georgia, 146. Lea, Joseph, don. to mus., xxvii. Logan, Dr., don. to mus., xxvii. Lowe, E. J., don. to lib., xxxiii. Letters : — American Antiquarian Soc, 1, 61,77. Lyceum of Natural History, Fort Des Moins, i. Linnaean Soc. of London, 4. Am. Philosoph. Soc. 4, 162. Smithsonsian Institution 4, 5, 77,1 62. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5, 161. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, 76. Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos- cow, 76, 104, 139. Trustees of N. York State Library 76. University of Wurtzburg, 76. Phila. Annual Conference of M. Epis- copal Church, 76. Roy. Lib. of University of Gottin- gen, 77. Univ. Lib. of Heidelberg, 77. Univ. of Jena, 77. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Dantzic, 77. Wurtemburg Nat. Hist- Soc, 77, Imperial Geological Inst, of Vienna, 104, 299. Seuckenberg Nat. Hist. Soc, 104. Soc. for Advance, of Horticulture, Berlin, 104. Roy. Acad. Sci., Amsterdam, 104. K. L. C. Acad. Sci., Breslau, 104. Roy. Bavarian Acad. Sci., 104. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 104, 161. Soc. for succor of drowned persons, Amsterdam, 139. Zoologische Botanischen Verein, of Vienna, 139, 299. Canadian Institute, 161. British Museum, 161. Roy. Soc. Liege, 161. Nat. Hist. Union of Prussian, Rhine- land and Westphalia, 161. Roy. Acad. Sci., Madrid, 162. Roy. Bar. Acad., Lib. Dept. 215. Royal Society of Sciences at Upsai, 215,299. Roy. Acad. Sci. Naples, 215. Prot. Episc Gen. Convention, 216. viu. INDEX. Trustees Australian Museum, 216. Sec. of State of United States, 216. Imp. Soc. Sci. and Belles-Lettres Lyons, 259. Linnaean Soc. of Lyons, 259. Imp. Soc. Agriculture and Nat. Hist. Lyons, 259. Imp. Acad. Sciences, Vienna, 299. Dublin University Zoolog. and Bolan. Association, 300. Soc. Arts, Manufactures and Com merce, London, 301. Letters from individuals : — Steiner, Lewis H., 1. Hayes, 1. 1., 4. Wood, W. W., 4. Wilson, Dr. Joseph, 4. Ashmead, Saral., 4. Billings, E., 61, 101. Drinker, S., 61. Tuckerman, E., 61, 101. Gibbs, George, 61, 105. SauvaJle, A., 62, 161. Blake, W. P., 62. Ranch, T. H., 76. Peters, T. M., 76. Meek, F. B., 101. Sager, Abrm., 102. Frauenfeld, Geo., 104. Koch, Prof. Karl, 104. Eckert, J. R. & F. S. Execu., 104. Biirlag, R. C, 139. Kane, E. K., M. D., 139. Bronn, H. G., 139. Barr, M., 140. Hayden, F. V., 161. Shumard, B. F„ 161. Binney, W. G., 215. Kennedy, W. H., 215. Davis, J. B.,216. Oldham, Mr., 260. Lewis, Dr. J., 259. Biddle, Thos., Jr., 260. Bowman, Capt. A. W., 261. Sclater, P. L., 299. Hammond, W. A., M. D.,'299. Lowe, E. J., 299. McChesney, Dr., 299. Kirtland, J. P., 300. DuChaillu, P. B., 300. Members elected : — Uhler, Wm. M., M.D., 4. Wilson, Joseph, M.D., U. S. N. 4. Hayes, Isaac I., M.D., 4. Blackwood, Wm., M. D., 4. Jeanes, Samuel, 4. Gibbs, George, 4. Caldwell, J. E., 75. Cresson, Chas. M., M.D., 75. Brasier, A. J., 75. Hoopes, B. A., 59. Boker, C. S., M.D., 138. McAllister, John, Jr., 138. Garrigues, S. S., M.D., 138. Cope, Alfred, 141. Gobrecht,Dr. W. H., 141. Mayberry, Wm., M.D., 159. Morton, Thos. G., 159. Morehouse. G. R., 159. Binney, W. G., 214. Forbes, W. S., 214. Weightman, Wm., 214. Wilson, Ellwood, M.D., 257, Griffith, R. E., M.D., 257. Francfort, Eugene, M.D., 257. Hesse, F. G., 298. Zeigler, Geo. J., M.D., 298. Packard, J. H., 298. Coppee, Prof. H., 327. De Vesey, Louis, 327. Gross, Prof. S. D., 327. Smith, A. H., M.D., 327. Dunlap, Thos., 327. Mohl, H., don. to lib., xxiii. Montague, C, M.D. , don. to lib., xxiv. Meek, F. B. and F. V. Hayden, M.D.: descriptions of new species of Gas- teropoda from the Cretaceous forma- tions of Nebraska Territory, 63 ; des- criptions of new species of Gastero- poda and Cephalopoda from the Cre- taceous formation of Nebraska Terri- tory, 70 ; descriptions of thirty new species of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory, 77, 81; descrip- tions of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Tertiary formations of Ne- braska Territory, &c., &c., Ill ; des- criptions of new fossil species of Mollusca, collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Territory, to- gether with a complete catalogue, &c., &c., 265. Mettenheimer, A. C, don. to lib., xvi. Managers and Treas. Maryland Inst., don. to lib., xv. Meek, F. B., don. to lib., vii. Martin, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus., xiv. Mitchell, S. W., M.D., don. to lib,, xvii. ; don. to mus., xiv. xix. Miles, Dr., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. McAllister. John, Jr., 138. Morris, Dr., on A. St. Martin, 138. McClellan, J. H. B., M.D., don. to mus., ix. ; don. to lib , xxii. McClellan, Capt., don. to mus., ix. Meigs, C. D. Dr., don. to mus., x. INDEX. IZ. Mercantile Lib. Assoc, N. York, don. to lib., xiii. Mitchell, S, W., don. to mus., xiv. McChesney, Dr., 299; don. to mus. xxvii. Morris, Dr. C, 301. McCandles, J., don. to mus.; xxvii. Newberry, J. S., M.D., description of several new genera and species of fossil Fishes from the Carboniferous strata of Ohio, 78, 96. Notaris, Professor G. de, don. to lib., xxiii. Navy Department of U. S., don. to lib., xii. Nott, Dr. J., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Newcomb, Dr. W., don. to mus. xxvii. Oldham, Prof., letter, 260. Pell, Duncan E., don. to mus., i. Publication Com., don. to lib., iii. Patent Office, don. to lib., xxxv. Peters, T. M., don. to mus., v. Phillips, J. S., don. to mus., x, xix. Packard, J. H., 298. Potts, J. G., don. to mus., xix. Pierce J., don. to mus., xx. Philadelphia Lib. Co., don. to lib., xi. Report of Committee on paper of T. P. James. 1 ; on Dr. HallowelPs paper, 5 ; on Dr. Leidy's papers, descrip- tion of some remains of Fishes from the Carboniferous and Devonian for- mations of the U.S., and description of some remains of extinct Mammalia, 62 ; on papers of Drs. Meek and Hay- den ; on Dr. Leidy's and on Drs. Shumard and Yandell's papers, 62 ; on Mr. Lea's papers, on Dr. Leidy's paper, on Mr. Kennicott's, on Messrs. Meek and Hayden's, on Dr. Leidy's, on Mr. Lea's, on Dr. Newberry's, 79 ; on Mr. Durand's paper, 103 ; on Mr. Lea's paper, 103 ; on Messrs. Berke- ley and Curtis' paper, 108; on Mr. Sager's paper, 108 ; on Mr. Lea's, 108; on Messrs. Meek and Hayden's 108; on Mr. Taylor's, 108; on Dr. Hallowell's, 108; on Mr. Girard's, contributions to the Ichthyology of W. coast of U. S., 139 : on Dr. Gir- ard's paper, 140 ; on Mr. Lea's paper, on Major Le Conte's, on Dr. Hal- lowell's, and on Mr. Cassin's, 144 ; on Dr. Leidy's paper, on Dr. Girard's paper, on Mr. Lea's paper, 163; on Dr. Le Conte's paper, 216; on Drs. Girard and Leidy's, 216 ; on Mr. Cas- sin's, 216; on Dr. Hallowell's, 216. on Dr. Leidy's, 216 ; on Messrs. Sclater's, Haymond's, Leidy's, Meek and Hayden's, and Hallowell's, 261 ; on Dr. Leidy's, Mr. Hilgard's, Drs. Hallowell's, Leidy's, and Messrs. Cassin and Conrad's papers, 301. Regents of N. Y. University, don. to lib., xxiii. Ruschenberger, W. S. W., M. D., don. ■ to mus., ix. X. xix. Roy. Acad. Sci., Munich, don. to mu?.. XV. Report of Treasurer, 326. Report of Mr. Ord from Com. onWilson Monument fund, 138. Report of Mr. Cassin from Com. on list of Correspondents, 138. Report of Corresponding Sec, for Dec. and Jan., 2, 322 ; for Feb. and March, 75; 138. Report, Annual, of Recording Sec, 2, 322. Report of Curators for 1856, 325. Report of Com. to revise list of mem- bers, by Dr. Le Conte, 214. Report, Special, of Com. on Proceed- ings, 322. Report of Librarian for 1856, 325. Report of Publication Committee, 326. Resolutions: Mr. Haldeman's resolution in favor of the Misses Lawson, 4; Dr. Elwyn, 75 ; Mr. Cassin's, as to Mr. Drinker, 76 ; as to Mr. Wood, 77 ; Dr. Leidy's in favor of St. Loui« Acad. Sci., 103; ibid, as to State Med. Soc, 103. Rand, T. D. H., don. to mus., xix. Rogers, W. F., paper by, 5; synopsis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera, inhabiting the U. S., 29 ; don. to mus., iv. Richards, F. De B., don. to mus., iv. Reed, Jas., Execrs. of, 104. Rand, Dr., 143,257,261 ; don. to mus . xviii. Rush, J. M., U. S. N., 143. Retzius, Prof. A., don. to lib., xxxiii. Sedgwick, Prof., don. to lib., iii. xi- State of New Jersey, don. to lib., xv. Smith, A. H., 143, 327 ; don. to mus. i. xix.; don. to lib., viii. xxxi. INDEX. Smith, Capt. H. J., don. to mus. i. Society Nat. Hist, of Prussian Rhine- land and Westphalia, don. lo lib., XX. Society, Roy., of Sciences, Munich, don. to lib., XX. Society, Innp., of Naturalists, ol Mos- cow, don. to lib., xiii. Society, Boston, of Nat. Hist., don. to lib., iii. vii. xi. xvii. xx. xxiii. xxx. Society, Elliott, of Charleston, S. C, don. to lib., xii. I Society of Arts, London, don. to lib., iii. xii. xxvi. xxx. Society of Entomology, Stettin, don. to lib., XV. Society, Linnaean, of London, don. to lib., iii. Society, Zoological, of London, don. to lib., iii. XXXV. Society, Wurtemberg, Nat. Hist., don. to lib., XX. Society, Am. Philosophical, don. to lib., iii. xvii. Society, Am. Antiquarian, don. to lib., viii. Society, Hist., of Pa., don. to lib., xi. Society, Wurtemburg, Nat., don. to lib., xii. Society for rescuing the drowned, Am- sterdam, don. to lib., xv. Society, Royal, of Edinburgh, don. to lib., xxx. Society, Linnean, of Lyons, don. to lib. xxx. Society, Imp., of Agri. of Lyons, don. to lib., xxx. Society, Nat. Hist., Halle, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Nat. Hist., of Geneva, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Geol. and Poly tec. Yorkshire, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Leeds Philosophical, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society of Nat. Hist., of Senckenberg, don. to lib., xv. xvi. Society of Arts, Sci., and Lett., of Hrtinau, don. to lib., xv. Society, Imp., of Sci. and Agri., at Lille, don. to lib., xxi. Society, Imp., of Nat. Sci., of Cher- bourg, don. to lib., xxi. Societ) , Roy., of Sciences, of Madrid, don. to lib., xxi. Society, Roy., of Sciences, of Turin, don. to lib., xxi. Society, Geological, of Turin, don. to lib., xxiii. Society, Imperial Academy, of Bor- deux, don. to lib-, xxiii. Society, Royal, of Sciences, of Liege, don. to lib., xx. School of Mines, don. to lib., xxx. xxi. Sheafer, P. W., don. to mus., iv.xxvii. Steiner, L. H., M. D., 1 ; don. to lib.. XV. XXXV. Streng, T. A., don. to mus., iv. Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus., ix. xviii. Smith, C. E., don. to mus., v. ix. ; verbal com., 102. don. to lib., xxxiii. Silliman, Prof., exchange with mus., v. Sager, A., description of three Myria- poda, 109. Sandberger, Dr. Fr., don. to lib., xi. Safford, Jas. M., don. to lib., xii. Sec. of War., don. to lib., xv. Schafhirt, F., don. to mus., xviii. Special resolutions: — Dr. Leidy's on casts, 105 ; Dr. Le Conte's to Dr. Kane, lOS; Dr. Rand's, 139; Mr. Cassin, on resignation of Dr. Zant- zinser as Lib., 143 , Mr. Lea's, as to Episc. Convention, 215 ; ibid, as toll. S. Ag. Soc.,215; Mr. Vaux's to publish list of members, &c., 210; Le Conte, J. L., M.D., on publica- tions, 299. Stimpson, W., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Smithsonian Institution, don. to lib., xxiv. Shumard, E. F., M.D., and L. P. Yan- dell, M.D., notice of a new fossil genus of Family Blastoidea, from Devonian Strata, Kentucky, 73 ; don. to lib., xi. Sclater, Philip Lutley, M.A., 298 ; de- scription of a new species of Tana- ger of the genus Saltator, 261 ; char- acters of an apparently undescribed bird, belonging to the genus Cam- pylorhynchus of Spix, with remarks upon other species of the same group, 263 ; don. to lib., vii. xxvi. xxxiii. Smith, F. G., M. D., don. to lib., xxiii. Sully, Alfred, don. to mus., xxvii. Trustees N. Y. State Lib., don. to lib. viii. xvi. Taylor, W. J., examination of the me- teoric iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico. 128. Tuckerman, E., don. to mus., ix. ; don. to lib., xii. Tiffany, S., don. to mus., ix. Turner, Dr. T., U. S. N.,don. to mus., X. Trustees Free Pub. Lib., New Bedford, don. to lib., xiii. Trask, J. B., M. D., don. to lib., xiii. INPEX. Tappan,H. P., D. D., don. to lib., xvi- Tyson, J. R., don. to lib., xvii. xxxv. Tuomey, Prof., don. to mus., xviii, Thomas, K., M. D., don. to lib., xxiii. Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., xsxv. U. S. Com. of Ind. affairs, don. to lib., iii. U. S. War Dept., per Col. Abert., don. to lib., iii. U. S. Patent office, don to lib., vi. U. S. Sec. of Treas., don. to lib., vi. U. S. Supt. Coast Survey, don. to lib., vi. Uhler, Dr., don. to mus., v. ix. xiv. xviii. xix. xx. xxvi. xxvii. Vaughan, F., don. to mus., xviii. Vaux, W. S., 59 ; don. to mus., i. xix. Verbal Communications : Smith, Chas. E., 102. Bridges, R., M. D,, 102, 104, 143. Hallowell, E., M. D., lOl, 105, 141. Cassin, J., :02, 144, 300. Leidy, J., M. D., 102, 104, 139, 140, 161, 162. 299. Smith, A. H., 1, 143. Lea, I., 77,403, 300. Morris, Dr., on St. Martin, 138. Ubler,Dr., 139,261. Ord, G., 140. Rand, Dr., on death of J. M. Rush, U. S. N, 143, 257,261. Ashmead, S., 161. Carson, J., M. D,, 261. Vaux, W. S., Pub. Com., 299. Lesley, Chas., 299. Morris, C, M. D., 301. Verein Zoologisch-botanischen in Wein, don. to lib., xii. Wilson, Dr. T. B., don. to mus., i. vi. viii. X. xiv. xx. xxi. xxiv. ; don. to lib., ii. iii. x. xi. xiii. xv. xvi. xvii, xxi. XXX. xxxi. xxxiii. xxxv. Wood, W. W., Esq., 76 ; don. to mus., iv. Wilson, W. S., don. to mus., iv. Wilson, Edwardjdon. to lib., xxi. xxiv. xxviii. xxxii. xxxiv. Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., v. ix. Wistar, Mrs. W., don. to mus., v. Wilson, Jos., Jr., M D., U.S.N., don. to lib., vi. ; don. to mus., xviii. xix. Warren, J. C, M. D., don. to lib., viii. Weightman, Wm.,214. Wilson, EUwood, M. D., 257. Wilson, Capt. Jas., don. to mus. xiv. Ward, T., don. to mus., xix. Welwitsch & Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Wall, W. S., don. to lib., xxvi. Yandell, L. P., M. D., an 1 B. F. Shu- mard, M. D., 73. Zantzinger, Dr. W. S., resignation as Librarian, 111. Zeigler, Geo. J., M. D., 298. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OPiNATUEAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. January Is/, 1856. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, Mass., 28th Dec, 1855, proposing an exchange of Publications. From the Secretary of the Lyceum of Natural History, of Fort Des Moins, Iowa, also proposing exchanges. On leave granted, the Committee on a paper by Mr. Thos. P. James, read at last meeting, and entitled " An enumeration of Mosses detected in the Northern United States, which are not comprised in Gray's Manual, a few of which are new species," reported in favor of publica- tion in the No. of Proceedings for Nov. and Dec, 1855. January Sth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. A letter was read from Dr. Lewis H. Steiner, dated Baltimore, 7th Jan., 1856, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspojident. Mr. Aubrey H. Smith remarked, in relation to the specimen of na- tive Cinnabar, presented by him this evening, that it was procured by Capt. J. H. Smith, from the mouth of a drift, in the new Almaden Mine, California, at an elevation of two thousand feet above the level of the sea; and is stated by him, to contain 95 per cent, of real Cinna- bar, and not to be richer than a great portion of the ordinary product of the mine. January 15th. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper entitled " On a new species of Arabystoma from Lake Superior." Re- ferred to Dr. Leidy, Col. McCall and Dr. Le Conte. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PmLADELPHIA, VOL. VIII., NO. I. 1 2 [January, Dr. LoiJy exhibiteil the heart of a dog, in which the right auricle, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery and its branches, were literally stuffed with worms. Minute worms have long been known circulating with the blood, and termed Haematozoa. About five years since. Dr. L. described in vol. 5 of tbe Proceedings, the worm exhibited this evening, as Filaria Canis cordis. The males measure five inches in length, the females ten inches. Two hearts were brought to Dr. L. by Mr. Jos. Jones, of Georgia ; one, that of a pointer, had in it five worms ; the other, that of a cur, was the one exhibited. Tt is probable that both venae cavje were also filled, as the portions of those vessels that remained, were blocked up. The animals did not die from the presence of the entozoa, but were killed in the course of some experiments. The cur was emaciated and voracious, restless when awake, and disturbed in its sleep. January 29 ^A. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Report of the Corresponding Secretary, for Dec, '55 and Jan., '56, was read. The Recording Secretary read his Annual Report as follows : — REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY FOR 1855. During the year ending 30th November, 1855, there have been elected to the Academy, twenty-three Members and ten Correspondents. One Member has re- signed. There have been no deaths among the Members during that period. The following papers have been read and ordered to be published in the Pro- ceedings or .Journal of the Academy. By Samuel Ashmead, Catalogue of Marine Algae, from Beesley's Point, New .Jersey, with some remarks. By Spencer F. I3aird, two, to wit: Characteristics of some new species of North American Mammalia, collected by the United States and Mexican Bounda- ry Survey, under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. Army, Commissioner, Part I ; Cha- racteristics of some new species of North American Mammalia, collected chiefly during the United States Surveys of a Railroad route to the Pacific, Part 1. By \Vm. P. Blake. Notice of remarkable Strata of the Remains of Infusoria, and Polythalamia in the Tertiary Formations of Monterey, California. By John Cassin, four, to wit : A list of Pigeons of the Genus Carpophaga Swainson, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the United States Exploring Expedition, Washington, D. C, with descrip- tions of new and little known species; Notes on the North American Falconidae, with descriptions of new species ; Descriptions of new species of Birds from Western Africa, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Description of a new species of Parrot, Brotogeris aurifrous, published in the Journal. By T. A. Conrad, six, to wit: Observations on the Eocene Deposits of JacJison, Miss., with descriptions of thirty-four new species of Shells and Corals ; Descrip- tions of three new Cretaceous and one Tertiary Bivalve ; Description of three new species of Uiiio ; Descriptions of seventeen new Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils ; Descriptions of six new species of Cretaceous Shells from Texas, in the Collection of Major Emory; Description of a new species of I'aludina. By .lulian Deby. Remarks on the Cryptogaiuic Flora of the State of Ceorgia. Published iu the Journal. 1856.] ^ 3 By Elias Diirand. Plaiita^ Prattcnianiffi Californica? ; an eniimeratiou of a collection of California Plants, made in the vicinity of Nevada, by Henry Pratten, Esq., of New Harmony, Ind., with critical notices of such as are new or yet un- published in America. Published in the Journal. By F. A. Genth, Ph. D.. two, to wit : Herrerite identical with Smithsohite : xVualy- sis of the meteoric Iron from Tuczon. Province of Sonora, Mexico. By Charles Girard,.two, to wit : Abstract of a P.eport to Lieut. James M. Gillis. U. S. Navy, upon the Reptiles collected during the U. S. Naval Astronomical Ex- pedition to Chili ; Observations upon the viviparous Fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast of North America, with an enumeratio". of the species observed. By T. Charlton Henry, M. D. Notes derived from observations made on the Birds of New Mexico, during the years 18.53 and 1854. By Isaac Lea, L L. D. Description of a new Mollusk from the Pcd Sandstone near Pottsville, Pa. By Major John Le Conte, F. L. S., three, to wit: Description of new species of Astacus from Georgia ; On a new species of Gelasimus ; Remarks on two species of American Cimex. By.JohnL. Le Conte. M. D., eight, tow'':: Descriptionsof the species of Troxard Omorgus inhabiting the United States : Some corrections in the nomenclature of Coleoptera found in the United States ; Description of new Coleoptera collected by Thomas H. Webb. M. D.. in the years 1850, '51 and '*2, while Secretary to the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission : Synopsis of Pyrochroides of the United States ; Synopsis of the Lat'iridiides of the United States ; Analyti- cal table of the species of Hydroporus found in the United States, with descrip- tion of new species ; Notes on the Amaras of the L'nited States ; Synopsis of the Hvdrophilidre of the United States. By Joseph Leidy, M. D., four, to wit : Remarks on the identity of Bootheriuni cavifrons with Ovibos moschatus or 0. maximus ; Indications of twelve specif s of Fossil Fishes ; Contributions to a knowledge of the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey ; published in the Journal. In- dications of five species with two new genera of extinct Fishes. By J. Aitken Meigs, M. D: Relation of Atomic Heat to Crystalline Form. Pul - lished in the Journal. By Joseph G. Norwood and Henry Pratten : Notice of Fossils from the Carb( - niferous Series of the Western States. Published in the Journal. By James E. Powel. On the Habits of the Moose. By Prof. A. Retzius, of Copenhagen : On artificially formed Skulls from tie Ancient World. By William Stimpson. two. to wit : Descriptions of some new Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese Seas, &c., Part I. ; Description of some new Marine Invertebrata, Part II. By Phillip R. Uhler : Descriptions of some Coleoptera supposed to be new. By Charles M. Wetherill, M. D., Ph. D : Chemical Notices. In all forty-five. All of which is respectfully submitted by, B. Howard Ranp, Recording Secretary. The Society then proceeded to an election fur Standing Committees for 1850, which resulted as follows : Ethnolo(jy, John S. Phillips, Samuel S. Halderaan, J. Aitken Meigs : Comparative Anatomi/ and General Zoolrxjy, Joseph Leidy, I'^dward Hallowell, John H. Brinton ; Mammahxif/, John L. Le Conte, John Cassin, William Camac ; Ornilliologi/, John Cassln, Edward Harris. George A. McCall; Herpctology and Ichtliyolofji/, Edward Hallowell, J. L. Le Conte, Gavin \Var>ou; Concholoijy, T. A. Conrad, T. B. Wilson, Charles E. Smith; Entomology and Crustacea, Wm. S. Zant- 4 ^ [Feeruary, zinger, Kobort Bridges, John A. Guex; Botani/, R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Elias Daraud ; Mineralotjy, VVra. S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead, F. A. death; Geolotjij, Isaac Lea, Charles E. Smith, J. L. Le Conte ; Palaeontoloji/, T. B. Wilson, Joseph Leidy, W. Frederick Rogers ; Physics, Ji. Howard Rand, Fairman Rogers, F. A. Draper; Lihran/, Robert Pearsall, 8. Weir Mitchell, H. Cooper Hanson ; Froceedina.<, Wni. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Lcidy, George A. 3IcCall. ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. William M. Uhler, M. D., of Falls of Schuylkill, Joseph Wilson. M. D , U. S. Navy, Dr. Isaac J. Hayes, and Dr. Wui. Blackwood, of Philadelphia, 3Ir. Samuel Jcanes, of Philadelphia, and George Gibks Esq., of Stilacoon, Washington Territory, were elected Mumhers ; And Dr. John H. Riuch, of Barlington, Iowa, and Dr. John W. Green, of Xew York, were elected Cor respon dents. Fehruary 5th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Linnean Society of London, dated 12th December, 1855, acknowledging receipt of Proceedings and Journal of the Academy, and desiring ini.ssiiig numbers. From Dr. I. J. Hayes, dated Philadelphia, 31st .January, 1856, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as u Member. From Mr. W. W. Wood, dated Manilla, 4th Oct., 1855, transmitting specimens of Natural History for the Museum. Dr. Leidy read a paper intended for publication in the Proceeding?, entitled, " Notices of two new Ichthyodorulites." lleferrc'l to Prof". Haldeman, Mr. Isaac Lea, and Mr. A. H. Smith. On motion of Prof. Haldeman, it was Resolved, That the privilege of endorsing tickets of admission to the Museum on public days, be granted to the Misses Malvina and Mary Lawson, of this city, and that they bo invited to visit the Institution at all times. February 12///. Vice-President Bridges in tiie Chair. Letters were road — From Dr. Joseph Wilson, U. S. N, dated Philadelphia, Feb. Gtb, 1856, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as a Member. From Mr. Samuel Ashmead, dated Key West, 2od Jan., 1856, trans- mitting a collection of objects of Natural History for the Museum. From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 6, 1856, acknowledginjr receipt of last No. of the Proceedings. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, July 20th, 1856.] 5 1855, and Dec. 7th, 1855, acknowledging receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings and Journal and desiring missing Nos. From the Boston Society of Natural History, dated 30th Jan., 1850, acknowledging receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings. Ftbruary 19/7t. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, dated 18th Feb., 1856, acknowledging receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 7, No. 12. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, Jan. 7th, 1856, of the same tenor. Dr. Le Conte presented for publication in the Proceedings, the follow- ing papers : — 1. *' Synopsis of the Mycetophagidae of the United States;" 2. "Synopsis of the Phalacridce of the United States;" 3. "Note on the genus Lithodus of Schoenheer ;" 4. "Notice of three genera of Scarabseidaj found in the United States ;" 5. " Analytical table of the species of Chljenius found in the United States;" all of which were referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. W. F. Rogers, Mr. Grues, and Dr. Zantzinger. Mr. W. F. Rogers prej^ented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, "Synopsis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera inhabiting the United States." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Guex, and Dr. Zantzinger. Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled, "Noteson North American Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ;" which was referred to Dr. Wilson, Dr. Henderson, and Dr. Woodhouse. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled, "A Sjnopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congenurs ob- served by the Author." Referred to Mr. J. P. Lesley, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr. Carson. Also, a paper by the same, entitled. Notices of some remains of extinct Mammalia recently discovered by F. V. Hayden, in the ' Mauvaises Terres' of Nebraska. Referred to Dr. Henderson, Mr. Isaac Lea, and Dr. Wilson. February 26o mention is made of any species of Urode'es in the work on Lake Superior, by Professor Agassi?., with the exception of Plethodon eryihronoius. The reptiles enumerated in it are Tropidonotus sirtalis and Tropidonotus erythrogaster, a species allied to ri;;idu3, an undetermined species of Crotalophorns, probably tergeminus; Rana nigricans, Rana halecina, liana sylvatica, Hylodes maculatus, Bufo araericanus, I'lethodon erythronotus and Menobranchus maculatus.* I have since found another specimen much older, and having a general brownish tint, (altered by >ilcohol,) but with the lateral spots quite distinct, among the reptiles of the (Jreen collection presented to the Academy by Dr. Franklin Bache, with no indication of locality. (Jeneral Remarks.— Ihe Ambystoma above described resembles none other of our w( 11 known species, and will, therefore, be readily recognized. Amb. punctu- *To these may be added Coluber occipito-maculatus Slorer. (Col. venustus, ' Ilallowell, Proceed. Acad. N. S., vol. iii., p. 280, pi. ) 1856.] 7 latum, Gray, (Cat. Br. Mus. Amphib. p. 37, No. 5,) is represented as lead colored, and white beneath with distant scattered white dots upon the cheek and upper part of sides. Its habitat is Monteiey, California. It is unknown to us. Am- bystoma laterale is somewhat similar in coloring to Sal. niger, Green, but that is a Plethodon, having a head and tail, and an arrangement of teeth ahugether different; viz., twa small arched rows behind the internal nares, the convexity- presenting forward, converging toward each other, and separated by an interval, with two series of thickly set, longitudinal sphenoidal teeth, closely approximated, arranged somewhat like a brush, and separated from the vomerine by an inter- space without teeth. The Ambystoma nigrum of Dum. and Bib., is also a Ple- thodon, and is, no doubt, identical with Plethodon fuscum as the synomymes show ; (Sal. niger, Green, Desmognathus niger, Baird,) and Plethodon fusium-^ being the same, they not having seen the animal. Salam. erythronota, Green is erroneously placed by Gray, (Cat. Br. Mus. Amphib. Grad, p. 37. No. 9.) among the Ambystomata. It is a Plethodon as Dumeril and Bibron have it. Ambystoma quadrimaculatum and Ambystoma salmoneum, Dum & Bit. belong to other genera. The first is a Plethodon, the latter has the transverse and longitudinal rows of teeth in a continuous series, in this respect resembling none other of our Urodeles with the exception of Sal. rubra, Green, (Bolitoglossa rubra, D. & B.) Pseudotriton rubra, Tschudi. Dum. & Bib. have also put glulin- osum and auriculatum in the genus Cylindrosoma. They are both Plethodonts.f T he genus Salamandra does not exist, so far as is known, on the American Con- tinent. On the other hand, Ambystoma is an exclusively American genus, and has a wide range. Its most northern limit at present, is Lake Superior; its southern. New Mexico. It is found in Maine, Pennsylvania and South Carolina, (punctatum or venenosum Bart.) Massachusetts, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Mississippi, (opacum Grav. or fasciatum, Gr.) New York and New Jersey, (tigrinura,) Oregon, (macrodactylum, Bd. ) Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois, (luridum) ingens (Xiphonura Tsch.) New Orleans. It is a remarkable fact that none of the animals belonging to the sub-order Batrachia gradientia of Merrem and Gray, (Batrachia urodela, Dum. and Bib.,) and especially the Urodeles atretoderes or Salamandrides, have been discovered in America south of Mexico, although so numerous in the northern part of that great continent. Nor are any of the caducibranchiate-tailed batrachians known to exist in the East Indies, Persia, China, Australia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, New Zealand, the Phillipines, New Holland, New Guinea, West or Southern Africa, or, so far as is known, with the exception of Japan and l-oo Cboo, in any of the numerous islands of the Atlantic:|: and Pacific Oceans. They are found in the south of Spain and northern part of Africa, (Pleurodeles,) the islands of the Mediterraneam, various parts of England, France, Germany and Italy, (Salaman- dra, Triton, Geotriton, Euproctus,) the north of Africa, Syria, (Triton ?j and Japan, (Cynops, Onychodactylus, Ellipsoglossa.) but appear to be more abun- dant in North America, and comprise genera not yet observed in other parts of the world, viz., Ambystoma, Tsch., which contains many species, Plethodon, Tsch., Desmognathus, Bd., Spelerpes, Raf, Taricha, Gray, Pseudotriton, Tsch., Hemidactylium, Tsch., Batrachoceps, Bonap., Ensatina, Gray, and Diemyctylus, Raf There is not only not any true Salamandra in the United States, but no Triton, *" As universally yellowish brown or black," Eights, Dekay, Nat. Hist, of New York, Reptiles, p. 85 ; the brown specimens, the young according to Dr. Holbrook. jThe Salamandra Jeffersoniana of Prof Holbrook is no doubt a Plethodon, per- haps identical as well as S. Jeffersoniana, Green, with Plethodon glutinosus, Tschudi represents the teeth as transverse in his Xiphonura Jeffersoniana. Is X. Jeffersoniana, Tech. identical with Ambystoma ingens ? JProf. Schlegel states that a species approaching S. longicauda was brought from Martinique by Mr. Plee, Fauna Japonica, Reptiles, p. 119. B [February, properly so called, for the Triton dorsalis and symmetricus of authors is ana- tomically quite different from the Tritons of Europe. The tongue in the genera Spelerpes, Pseudotriton (Mycetoglossus, Bib.,Bolito- glossa, D. and B.) and Batrachoceps, Bonap., is bolitoglossal or mushroom- shaped, being quite free and supported upon a central pedicel ; but the arrange- ment of the teeth is not the same, the transverse and longitudinal rows being separated by an interval in Spelerpes and Batrachoceps, but, as before stated, are in a continuous series in Pseudotriton. The only European genus which agrees with the first named genera in the form of tongue and arrangement of teeth, is Geotriton, the tongue in the Tritons proper being attached both in front and posteriorly, and having no transverse teeth whatever;* but in Geotriton the toes are very distinctly palmated, which is not the case in either Batrachoceps or Spelerpes, so that not only the species of Urodeles, now under consideration, are different, but the genera also, no two being identical in both continents ; further, if we restrict the families more fully than has hitherto been done, we might say that the only sub-families of this group of reptiles common to both Europe and America are the Bolitoglossidie, or the mushroom-tongued Urodeles, comprising in the former several genera, in the latter but one, and the Tritonidae. It is also worthy of remark that, although these animals are known, (instead of having the power to remain unharmed amidst the flames, according to the opinion of the vulgar, or of " inhabiting the rivers of hell,"f ) to be capable of en- during extreme cold, (the Salamandra atra existing near the region of snow in the Alps,) they have not yet been discovered very far north. None of the American species have been found north of Lake Superior except Plethodoa erythryaotus, and that at no great distance. In Europe the most northern limit is Sweden. None of these reptiles, we believe, were observed in the recent expedition of Dr. Kane to the Arctic regions.^ In making out a synopsis of the Urodele Batrachians in the collection of the Academy, I had laid aside for future examination the Triton porphyrlticus, of which we have but a single specimen and which is really an Ambystoma. The true position of this animal appears to have been quite doubtfal. Prof. Green describes it as a Salamandra, Prof. Holbrook, a Triton, Mr. Gray, a Spelerpes, with a note of interrogation, and Prof. Baird, in his valuable synopsis of the group of reptiles to which it belongs, states that its place probably is among the Am- bystomata, but previously remarks that Pseudotriton salmoneus and the Sala- mandra porphyruica of Green will very probably turn out to be identical. Should this be the case, Pseudotriton salmoneus becomes P. porphyrlticus, and the species now described will require a new name. Ambystoma porphyriticum. Syn. Sal. porphyritica, Green, Macl. Lyceum, p. 3. pi. 1. Sal. porphyritica, Harlan, Med. & Phys. Res. p. 98. Triton porphyrlticus, Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., vol. V. p. 83. *Dr. Holbrook is in error in stating that Triton dorsalis has transverse teeth. f In allusion to the Tartarean habitat of these creatures, a writer in the London Quarterly Review remarks, that Scott's conversation " was rich in ease, sense and humor, while theirs (certain smart and perverse, but unwholesome disputants) was like the breakfasts in military novels, which seem to consist chiefly of devilled kidneys, grilled bones, and other fierce and salammdrine elements." The Salamanders are covered with numerous pores, which exude an acrid and glutinous fluid, so that if thrown upon live coals they become blackened, but of course the animal is soon destroyed. X The most northern limit of reptile life observed by Sir J. Richardson, (see boat voyage in search of Sir John Franklin,) was the north bend of Porcupine River, within the Arctic circle, where a snake was found. The tort lises disap- pear beyond the 5l3t degree, at the south end of Lake Winnepeg, (Emya geo- graphica and probably the snapper,) the frogs at 68°, (Bufo americanus and Hjla rersicolor ) 1856.] 9 Char. General form more slender than that of most of ibe Ambystomata. Head small, convex above, rounded in front ; eyes latero-superior, prominent ; tongue ovoid, firmly attached in front and posteriorly, more free at the sides ; internal openings of the nares moderately large ; teeth in a transverse uninterrupted row, arched in front,* concave posteriorly ; no longitudinal rows of teeth ; a gular fold; no parotids ; skin perfectly smooth to the touch, presenting innumerable small pores when observed with a glass ; of a uniform brownish color above, lighter below ; no line of lateral pores between the axilla and groin ; fingers and foes free, rather slender, depressed, fourth toe longer than the third ; tail much Compressed, shorter than head, neck and body. Habitat. — Wabash. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, presented by Dr. McMurtrie. Prof. Green's specimens were found in French Creek, near Mead- ville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. Dimensions. — Length of head 4 lines ; breadth 3^ ; length of neck and body to vent 1 inch 7 lines ; (Fr.) of tail I inch 9 lines. Gen. remarks — The whitish spots mentioned by Prof. Holbrook, arranged in a linear longitudinal series along the flanks, and also by Dr. Green, are not visible in the specimens above described, probahlj- from long immersion in alcohol. It is a larger animal than Ambystoma laterale, and differs from it much in the arrangement of the transverse teeth and in the coloration. A good figure and excellent description of it will be found in Prof. Holbrook's work on the North American Reptiles. f The Triton porphyriiicus of Dr. Dekay (Nat. Hist, of New York, Reptiles, p. 85) is Plethodon ghuinosus, judging from the description. J no mention being made of the teeth. The arrangement of the teeth in the species of Ambystoma varies considerably, and with the size of the internal nares, ap- pears to form very good specific characters. Dr. Green's description corresponds in almost every important particular with the animal above described, except the head, which, instead of being " rather large," is on the contrary small. He states that " the color on the back varies very much in different specimens, some being dark chocolate, others of a much lighter color, and others again of a pale brown ; the young is nearly white, with a middle line on the sides extending from the anterior to the posterior extremities," (Macl. Lye. p. 3.) Prof. Holbrook's specimen was 4 inch. 5 lines in length ; Dr. Green's between 5 and 6 inches. Prof. Holbrook's drawing is much more accurate than that of Prof. Green, which, although more highly finished, dees not correspond very closely with the speci- men in the collection of the Academy, the head resembling more that of Pseu- dotriton salmoneus, (Sal. salmonea, Storer.)§ Prof. Holbrook observes that he had never seen the animal alive, but the coloring was taken from the original of Dr. Green. Some years ago I described in the Proceedings of the Academy, a new Sala- mander from California, under the name lugubris. Mr. Gray, in the Cstalogue of the British Museum, places it along side of Taricha, with a note of interro- gation. It is however very different from Taricha. The species was subse- quently made the type of a new genus by Prof. Baird, with the name Aneides. *In glutinosus this is not the case; the vomerine teeth are separated by a wide interval and take another course ; sphenoidal teeth in glutinosus, none in Ambystoma; the fingers and toes are also different. t The palate, he observes, " is armed with a row of transverse teeth." X He says, tail cylindrical, scarcely compressed. In porphyriticus the tail is much compressed ; in P. glutinosus cylindrical ; the shape of the tail and the teeth distinguish it at once from glutinosus. I The small eyes and irregular whitish spots in the description do not apply to Salmoneus ; the snout is described as obtuse, which it is in porphyriticus ; in the drawing it is truncate. 10 [February, The following notes are somewhat more precise than those of the former de- scription. Sub. fam, PLETHODONTID^. • Gen. Aneides, Baird. CJiar. — Iliad large, swollen at the temples, snout angular, jeyes very prominent; tongue ohcordate, more or less truncate posteriorly, attached in front, and along the middle, sides quite free, quite free posteriorly, but less so than at the sides ; maxillary teeth greatly developed, especially those of the lower jaw, which are spear-sbaped, sharp-pointed, more or less convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, with a ridge in the middle, about \ of a line in length : vomerine teeth in two convergent rows, behind the internal nares meeting posteriorly, their convex surfaces presenting inward* ; sphenoidal teeth very numerous, sharp pointed, thickly set like a brush in rwo rows, closely in contact in the anterior third, poste- riorly a very narrow linear interspace, not enlarged behind ; in the original specimen, this narrow interspace is not so distinct, so that they might almost with propriety be described as a single row ; extremities slender ; fingers and toes slightly compressed, free ; 1st finger much shorter than 4th ; 2d shorter than 3d ; 1st toe much shorter than 5th ; 2d than 3d ; 3d and 4th of equal length ; skin smooth, costal grooves well marked, twelve or thirteen in number, tail round, tapering to a point, very slightly compressed at tip, about same length as head, neck and body; Aneides ldgubris. Syn. — Sal. lugubris, Hallowell, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. p, 126. Aneides lugubris, Baird, Iconographic Encyclopoedia, vol. ii. 1850, 1st edition, p. 256. Taricha lugubris? Gray, Cat. Br. Ampb., p. 26, No. 2. Char. — Color dark olive above, yellow below, without spots or other markings, a row of small, circular spots on each side. Dimensions. — Length 4J inches. Habitat. — Monterey and San Francisco, Upper California. Two specimens in Mus. AcaJ. Nat. Sci. Presented by Dr. Townsend and Mr. Heermann. The U. atretoderes may be subdivided into the following groups, which will perhaps facilitate their study. a. With longitudinal teeth. 1. SALAMANDRID^E. European. Tongue rather large, attached in front and posteriorly, free at the sides ; toes 4—5. 1 gen. Salamandra. 3 sp. maculosa, Corsica, atra. 2. SEIRANOTIDiE. European. Tongue well developed, oblong, rounded in front, broaderand almost truncate posteriorly, /rce in its posterior half, less so laterally, attached in front, toes 4 — 4. 1 gen. Salamandrina. 1 sp. S. perspicillata. 3. PLEURODELID.E. N. African and S. European. Tongue small, sabc\Tc\i\a,T^ free posteriorly, and at the sides, attached in front, toes 4 — 5 ; ribs not rudimentary, but much developed, perforating even the in- teguments. 4. TRITONID.E. European, N. American, Asiatic. Tongue fleshy, papillose, well developed, attached in front and behind, free at the lateral edges ; toes 4 — 5. * The true position of this animal is among the Plethodonts, that of Taricha the teeth of which are in two slender longitudinal series, commencing on a line with the inferior margin of the internal nares, about midway between them, but diverging widely posteriorly, among the Tritonidce. 1856.] 11 5 gen. Euproctus, Cynops, Diemyctylus, Tariclia, Triton. 10 sp. E.RnscoDi, C. pyrrbograster, D. viridescens,* Taricha torosus, Triton alpestris, crislatus, marmoratus, palmatus ? punctatus, pyrenseus and perhaps others. 5. ELLIPS0GL0SSIDJ5. Asiatic. Tongue ohlon;j ovnl^free at the sides only ; toes 4 — 5. 1 gen. Ellipsoglossa. 1 sp. E. nsevia. b. With transverse and longitudinal teeth. '6. PLETHODOXTID^E. N. American.; Tongue broad oval, well developed, free at its lateral edges and posteriorly, attached in front ; toes 4 — 5. 3 gen. Desmognathus, Aneides, Plethodon. 6 sp. D. niger, auriculatns, A. lugubris, P. glutinosus. erythronotus and quadrimaculatus ? 7. BOLITOGLOSSID.E. N. American and European. Tongue of moderate size, mushroom-shaped, supported by a central pedicel ; toes 4 — 5 and 4 — 4. 4 gen. Batrachoceps, Spelerpes, Pseudotriton, Geolriton. 9 sp. B. quadridigitalus, attenuatus, S. longicauda, gutto-lineata, bi-lineata, mexicana, P. ruber and sal- moneus, G. fuscus. 8. HEMIDACTYLID.E. N. American. Tongue oval, attached in front and along the middle, more free posteriorly ; toes 4 — 4. 1 gen. Hemidactylium. 1 sp. H. scutatum. c. Transverse, but no longitudinal teeth. 9. AMBYST0MIDJ2. N. American and Asiatic. Tongue ovate, moderately free at its edges, slightly so in front, attached posteriorly ; toes 4 — 5. 2 gen. Unychodactylus, Ambystoma, 15 sp. 0. japonicus. A. punctatum (vene- nosum Bart.) opacum Grav. (fas, -latum Green) laterale, popbyriticum, macro- dactyluni, punctulatum,? tigriiium, luridum, nebulosum, mavortium, episcopus, (an hj^poxanlhus Raf.?) talpoideum, proserpine, tenebrosum, and no doubt others. Description of tivo Ichthyodorulites. By Joseph Leidt, M. D. Stexacaxthus nitidcs Leidy. The species of a genus supposed to be distinct from those which have been described, is indicated by an ichthyodorulitc, dis- covered by Charles E. Smith, Esq., in association with the remains of Holopty- chius, in the old Red "Sandstone formation of Tioga county, Pennsylvania. The specimen is partially imbedded in a mass of red sandstone ; and it has its point broken off and is otherwise mutilated. The spine is straight throughout and indicates no disposition to curve. In its perfect condition it appears to have * D. viridescens Raf. (Tr. dorsalia) and D. miniatus (Tr. symmetricus) are probably the same, the orange color and roughness being appearances which the female more especially presents after along sojourn on land. At least this may be inferred from what is known of the habits of the European Tritons. Schlegel says that such is the case with T punctatus. He also remarks that he has specimens of marmoratus (one of the very roughest of the Tritons, it we may judge from the specimen in the Bonaparte coileciion) perfectly smooth, and .we have those of dorsalis smooth and more or less rough. The Triton marmoratus, according to Kaup, leaves the water in June and becomes a land animal ; the crests of the male disappear, and the tail, from a swimming organ, becomes round. 12 [February, been about three inches in length, by about six lines in breadth at its base ; and it gradually tapers towards the apex. The anterior margin is convex. The posterior border at the edge of the exposed surface of the fossil is furnished with a row of closely set serrations, directed obliquely downward, of which eight may be counted within the space of seven lines. Whether there is a second row of serrations, the imbedded state of the very friable bone in a hard matrix will not permit me to determine. The broad surface which is exposed in the specimen, so far as it is preserved, is longitudinally furrowed ; and about three-fourths of an inch from the broken summit it exhibits a transverse zigzag fissure, which may probably be the re- sult of an original fracture, although it has very much the appearance of being an articulation. Cylinduacanthus ornatcs Leidy. On several occasions fragments of appa- rent fossil bones have been submitted to my inspection, the character of which has exceedingly puzzled me, and although I now view them as portions of ichthyodorulites, I am not positive of the correctness of my conclusion. The specimens alluded to are found in the cretaceous formations of New Jersey and Alabama. The most perfect one was obtained by W. Taylor, Esq., from near Pemberton, Burlington co.. New Jersey. It is over three inches in length with the extremities broken off,* is straight and gradually tapering, and is per- fectly circular in transverse section. At the thicker end it is six and one quarter lines in diameter, and at the other end five lines. The centre presents a double tubular perforation of comparatively small calibre. The surface is invested with a thick, enamel-like layer, which is dense, brittle, and shining, and deeply fluted ; the intervening ridges being of nearly uniform diameter, with pairs oc- casionally converging into single ones in their course. Synojysk of the Mycetophagid^ of the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. The genera of this family of Coleoptera which have been thus far discovered in the country, are Mycetophagus, Litargus, Typhaea, and Diphyllus. Of the latter genus two species are known to me, one found by Dr. .Melsheimerin Pennsylvania, and the other by me at Tucson, in the valley of the Gila. I regret that the absence of the specimens prevents me from making them known on the present occasion. Thus if Diploccelus be combined with Diphyllus as recommended by Lacordaire (Gen. Col. 2, 447,) the only genus left unrepresented in the United States, will be Triphyllus. Of the described species none are unknown to me. The genera may be thus separated : Tarsi maris antici 3-articulati ; (thorax versus latera baud carinatus) Oculi transversi ; Antennarum clava elongata, multiarticulata Mycetophagus. f Antennarum clava triarticulata ; (elytra confuse | \ punctata) . Triphyllus J Oculi rotundati ; antennarum clava triarticulata. Ligula membranea Litargus. " Ligula cornea Typhica. Tarsi omnes subpentameri ; antennae clava biarticulata ; (thorax utrinque bicarinulatus) Diphyllus. Mycetophagus Hellwig. A. Antenna; e.xtrorsum sensim incrassata; ; thorax latcribus baud serratus. 1. M. p u n c t a t u s , ovalis infra rufo-testaceus, capite thoraceque nigris dense punctatis, elytrls flavis macula scutellari, margine lateral!, macula discoidali mox pone medium, fasciaque lata ante apicem nigris, ore antennisquc rufesceiitibus, his clava nigra, ad apicem testacea ; pcdibus flavo-testaccis. Long -21 — -25. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 5, 260. Middle and Southern States. 1856.] 13 2. M. flexuosus, ovalis, testaceus, capite thoraceque nigris confertim punctatis, elytris flavis, puncto humerali, macula communi scutellari, margine lateral!, maculis extrorsum confluentibus versus medium, fasciaque lata dentata ad dodrantem nigris, apice ipso piceo ; antennis testaceis, clava nigro-picea ad apicem testacea. Long. -15. Say, .Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 5, 260. Middle and Western States. Allied to the preceding, but smaller and with the posterior band broader, less near the apex, and anteriorly dentate, and with three confluent spots forming an irregular external transverse band near the middle. Varies in having the black spots very much extended so as to cover the greater part of the elytra which then become marked : a. "With a large orange colored humeral spot enclosing a black dot, and ex- tending inwards below the scutel nearly to the suture ; two very small spots a little behind the middle, and a larger rounded one very near the apex. Alabama, Mr. Haldeman. b. With a quadrate humeral orange colored spot enclosing a black dot, and a rounded one very near the apex. Indiana, Mr. J. P. Wild. 3. M. p 1 u r i g u 1 1 a t u s , ovalis longiusculus, niger, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, elytris guttis pluribus flavis parvis praecipue mox pone medium ornatis, antennis pedibusque obscure ferrugineis. Long. -2. San Jose, California. The posterior third of the elytra is usually free from spots, sometimes a very small one is seen near the apex. 4. M. M e 1 s h e i m e r i, elongatus, ferrugineus, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis nigris, elytris flavis macula communi scutellari, margine lobato ad apicem latiore, macula transversa communi media cum margine bis confluente nigris, (macula hac ultima sffipe deficiente), fortiter punctato-striatis, antennis medio obscurioribus. Long. -17. Mycetophagus bimaculatus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat.Sc, 2, 114 (in parte). Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer ; Alabama, Haldeman. I have been compelled to change the name proposed by Dr. Melsheimer, as by an unfortunate error his description was made from two distinct species, one being M. flexuosus, while the other is the present: it, however, affords me much pleasure to commemo- rate his long continued and successful labors in American Entomology by attach- ing his name to this species, which he was the first to detect. 5. M. o b s c u r u s, elongatus, piceo-niger, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, elytris fortius punctato-striatis ; antennis piceis ad basin et apicem ferrugineis, pedibus piceis tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus. Long. -17. One specimen, Georgia. Of the same form and with the same sculpture as M. Melsheimeri. B. Antennaj articulis 5 ultimis crassioribus ; thorax lateribus serratis. 6. M. pluripunctatus, elongatus, ovalis, nigro-piceus, capite thora- ceque nigris dense punctatis, elytris flavis "margine, macula communi scutellari, guttistiue plurimis confluentibus nigris ; abdomine pedibus antennisque ferrugi- neis. Long. -16. Middle and Southern States : the spots sometimes form several narrow, irregu- lar, transverse fasciae. 7. M. pini, elongatus ovalis, supra niger, subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. •14 — -16. Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2, 270. Middle and Southern States, not rare. C. Antennae articulis 4 ultimis maioribus ; thorax lateribus haud serratus. 8. M. obsoletus, ovalis infra rufus, supra niger, elytris fascia dentata antica basin attingente, ad suturam paulointerrupta, macula laterali ad medium, 14 [February, duabus poiie medium quartaque ante apiccm rufis : antennis tcstaceis, articulis 8 — 10 iiigris, ultimis tribus abrupte maioribus. Long. -2. Mels. Oat. Descr. Col. of U. S., 47. Tetratoma obsoleta Melshcimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 113. Middle States. The anterior fascia is sometimes broken into tvro sjJGts : on the other hand, tlie spot behind the middle sometimes combine into a dentated fascia. 9. M. b i p u s t u 1 a t u s, longiusculus magis convexus, ovalis, snpra piceus, infra obscure riifus, elytris guttis duabus pone basin sajpe confluentibus, altera magna obliqua pone medium obscure rufis, antennis articulis quatuor ultimis distincte maioribus. Long. -13. Melshcimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 114. .Miildle States, not rare. In the Catalogue of Described Coleoptera of the United States, Ur. .Melslieimer has changed the name of this species to M. bisig- uatus, under the impression that the name had been previousl_y employed. I do not, however, find any other described species named bipustulatus, and have therefore replaced the name first given. LlTARGTS Er. 1 . L. t c t r a s p i 1 o t u s , ovalis sub-convexus, nigro-piceus, pubescens, ely- tris distinctius sat dense punctatis seriatim pubescentibus, macula magna antica alteraque po.stica rufo-testaceis, uiargine thoracisque angulis posticis rufescenti- bus, antennis tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. -08. A very pretty little species, found in the Southern and Western States, iiroader than L. didesmus, and readily known hj the hairs of the elytra being arranged in rows. 2. L. scxpunctatus, elongatus ellipticus depressns, niger, pubescens. elytris densius i^ubtilius punctatis, pubescentibus, pilisque lougioribus parce seriatis, macula humerali, altera pone basin, tertiaque maiore obliqua trans- versa ad dodrantem testaceis, tarsis antennarum basi et apice testaceis. Long. •09. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 416. Mycdojihayus sexpunctatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 2G1. Middle and Southern States. .3. L. transversus, subelongatus ellipticus depressus niger, pubescens, elytris subtilius punctatis, pilis seriatis, macula humerali, altera pone basin, fasciaque angusta transversa dentata ad dodrantem testaceis ; auteuuarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. -10. One specimen found at San Jose, California. 4. L. i n f u 1 a t u s, subelongatus, ellipticus, subdepressus piceus. pubescens, thoracis elytrorumque marginlbus indeterminate testaceis, his maculis utrinque duabus ad basin, altera pone basin, fasciaque angusta obliqua subdentatapostica pallidis, confcrtim punctulatis, subseriatim pilosis ; subtus testaccus. Long. -07. One immature specimen found in Illinois, by .Mr. Willcox. This species seems by the arrangement of the colors to be very distinct from any other found on the Atlantic sIojjc. It differs from the preceding by the distinct punctuation of the- elytra, and from the next by the same characters, and by the jiosterior band t)eing narrow, as well as by the anterior pale spots not occnjiying nearly half the surface of the elytra. .'i. L. b a 1 1 c a t u s, subelongatus, ellipticus subdepressus, rufo-piceus pubes- cens, cajjite clytris(|ue obscuris, his trientem anticam, macula parva lateral! fasciaque jKistica oliliipia lata dentata pallidis, confertim subtilitcr jjunctulatis; antennis j)cdibusqui' pallide testaceis. Long. .07 — '085 Colorado river, California, near the junction of the Gila. The pale markings of the elytra are so large that they may be described as pale with the apic:i' fourth and a broad band at tiie middle obscure; the latter is dilated externally and includes a pale spot. The hairs of the elytra do not appear to be arranged in rows. 1856.] 15 6. L. didesmus, ellipticus paulo couvexus, nigro-piceus fortius dense puuctatus, pubescens, elytris fascia subba^iali alteraque pone medium obscure rufo-testaceis, baud seriatim pubescentibus ; antennispedibusque piceo-testaceis. Lono-. -07— -09. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 416. Mijcetophagus didesnius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 261. Middle and Southern States ; common. 7. L. n e b u 1 o s u s , ellipticus paulo couvexus, subtus nigro-piceus, supra obscure piceo-testaceus, fortius punctatus pubescens, elytris piceo-nebulosis, autennis pedibusqe piceo-testaceis. Long. -06 — -08. Maryland ; Dr. Zimmermann and Mr. Wild. Broader, more conyex and less densely i)unctured than L. didesmus. The dark marks of the elytra are some- times very indefinite ; in pale colored specimens they are more distinct, forming a spot on each elytron partly surrounding the humerus, and two transverse un- dulated bands, the first a little before the middle, and the second at the second third of their length : these bands do not reach the sides. Typh.ea Curtis. T. fumata, elongata, ovalis paulo convexa, ferruginea, luteo-pubescens, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis, punctulatis, seriatim pilosis. Long. -1 — -11. Curtis, Brit. Ent. 15, pi. 702. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 418, (ubi synon. Europ. in- venies). Dcrmestes fumaius Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 564. Cryptophagus gilvellus Mcls. Cat. Descr. Col. of L^. S. 45. Criiplophagiis cre)ialu><\\ Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 114. Distributed by commerce over all parts of the world. The last synonyms are known to me by a specimen kindly communicated by Dr. Melsheimer; they were incorrectly referred by me, (Proc. 7, 217,) to Litargus. Synopsis of the Phalaciud.e of the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. In this family are contained four genera, first separated by Erichson: and since all with the exception of Tolyphus are found in our territory, I have here trans- cribed the table of genera given by him. (Ins. Deutschl., 108.) , ™ . , m-, • 1 -1 r obsoletis Phalacrus. 1. Tarsiacquales;Tibuxcalcaribu3 jdistinctis Tolyphus. „ _, . ,. . , .. ^- 1 1 r 2ndo breviore Olibrus. 2. Tarsi postici elongati, art.culo Imo | 2ndo longiore Litochrus. Phalacrus Payk. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylindrieo: tibia? compressaj spinulosaj cal- caribus obsoletis: tarsi aquales, articulo Imo breviusculo : femora compressa inferne ciliata. Usually shorter and more obtuse than Olibrus ; the sutural stria in the native species is distinct, and the club of the antennae elongate, with the last joint obtusely rounded at the tip. A. Thorax ad basin distincte licet subtilissime marginatus. 1. P. seriatus, ovalis paulo convexus, nitidus niger, elytris conferiim seria- tim punctulatis, versus basin fere Irevibus ; autennis ad basin palpisque testaceis, Long. -1. Oue specimen, Kansas. Longer and less convex than the other species, and known by the testaceous palpi. 2. P. ovalis, ovalis convexus, nitidus niger, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias seriatim subtilissime punctulatis ; autennis ad basin testaceis. Long. -08. — -10. Two specimens, San Diego, California. The body tapers a little posteriorly in 16 [February, the male, but is regularlj' oval in the female. Differs from the next by the longer form. 3. P. penicillatus, breviter obtuse ovalis, convexus, niger nitidus, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias seriatim subtilissime punctulatis : antennis ad basin piceis. Long. -IS. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. So., 4, 91. Kansas and California. By its larger size this species may be distinguished. 4. P. p o 1 i t u s , breviter obtuse ovalis, niger nitidus, elytris obsoletissime sub- striatis, prope strias subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, antennis piceis, ad basin palpisque testaceis. Long. "08. — -09. Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2, 102. Middle and Southern States, abundant. Very similar in form and sculpture to the preceding, but differs by the smaller size and testaceous palpi. The male is slightly narrowed behind. 5. P. p u ra i 1 i o , breviter obtuse ovalis, niger nitidus, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, tibiis tarsis palpis an- tennisque fusco-testaceis, his clava obscura. Long. -05. Two specimens, Georgia : very considerably smaller than P. p o 1 i t u s , which it otherwise resembles. B. Thorax ad basin vix conspicue marginatus. 6. P. simplex, ovalis convexus postice angustatus, niger nitidus elytris obsoletissime substriatis, antennis ad basin piceis. Long. "10. One specimen, Kansas. Nearly of the same form as P. ovalis, but somewhat attenuated behind, and without any rows of fine punctures upon the elytra, ex- cept very near to the apex. OuERUs Er. Palpi maxillarcs articulo ultimo ovali ; tibia? tenues, calcaribus apicalibus con- spicuis ; tarsi postici reliquis longiores, articulo secundo longiusculo ; femora baud ciliata. A. Jletasteruura antice productum. cum mesosterno connatum, protuberans ; (elytra striis internis duabus profundioribus). 1. 0. b i c 0 1 0 r , oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger nitidissimus, elytris macula rotundata anteapicall ornatis, substriatis, striis duabus internis distinctis; infra rufus, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -08. — -11. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 110. (ubi sj'non. invenies.) Phiilacrus bicolor Gyllenhal. Ins. Suec. 3, 431. Middle States, not common. Perhaps imported from Europe. 2. O. striatul us , oblongo-ovatus convexus, niger nitidus, elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis biseriatim subtilissime punctulatis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufo-tcstaceus. Long. -10. Middle States and Kansas. Of nearly the same form as the preceding, but a little narrower with more distinct elytral striae. 3. 0. rufipes, oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus capite punctate, elytris tenuissime striatis, interstitiis biseriatim obsolete punctulatis : subtus uigro-piceus, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. -08. One specimen, Shoalwater Bay, Oregon, Dr. Cooper. Of the same form as the preceding, with the head more distinctly punctured. 4. 0. s e m i s t r i a t u s , oblongo-ovatus, convexus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, capite vix punctato, elytris striis antice obliteratis versus apicemvalde distinctis, inter- stitiis biseriatim obsolete punctulatis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufo- tcstaceus. Long. -08. One specimen from Kansas. Also of the same form as the preceding. 5. 0. rub ens, ovalis convexus, fcrrugineus nitidus, capite fere la?vi, elytris 1856.] 17 Etriis duabus solis iuteruis tenuibus distinctis, obsoletissime seriatim punctatis, pectore obscuriore, aatennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -09. One specimen, Georgia, -whicli by its more regularly oval form dififers from all the rest of this division. B. Metasternum baud productum ; (elytra stria suturali profunda.) 6. 0. o b t u s u s , breviter oralis, conrexus, niger nitidus, subtus cum pedibus rufo-piceus, antennarum clava fusca. Long. -07. One specimen, San Jose, California. Resembles Phalacrus in its form, but the palpi and tarsi are those of this genus. The presternum is ciliate with long hairs behind, which jirojecting over the mesosternum cause the latter to appear sulcate. T. 0. api calls, oblongo-ovatus convexus, supra nigro-piceus, ore, thorace ad latera, elytrisque ad latera et postice indeterminate piceo-testaceis ; subtus, pedibus antennisque testaceis. Long. -07. — -09. Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 222. Phalacrus apicalw Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 102. Middle and Southern States and Lake Superior. Varies considerably in size and depth of coloring. 8. 0. a qua tills, subovalis convexus, supra testaceo-piceus, medio obscuriore, subtus cum antennis pedibusque testaceus. Long. -08. San Jose, California, near water. More regularly oval than 0. a p i c a 1 i s , and narrower than 0. o b t u s u s . 9. 0. n i t i d u s , rotundatus subovatus convexus, rufo-testaceus nitidus, ely- tris laevibus stria suturali (sicut in praecedentibus) impunctata. Long. -04. Phalacrus nitidus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 102. Middle and Southern States, common. 10. 0. pusillus, supra nigro-piceus, ad latera indeterminate rufo-piceusi oblongo-ovatus convexus, nitidus, elytris stria suturali antice punctata, punctis- que seriebus duabus vel tribus utrinque abbreviatis parum distinctis, subtus cum antennis pedibusque testaceus pectore obscuriore. Long. -04. Middle and Southern States. Narrower than 0. nitidus, and very easily distinguished bj- the two or three rows of punctures reaching near the base or tip. LiTOCHEUS Er. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylindrico ; tibise tenues, calcaribus apica- libus conspicuis ; tarsi postici reliquis longiores, articulo primo elongato ; femora hand ciliata. L. pulchellus, oblongo-ovatus convexus, supra piceus nitidus, thoracis elytrorumque lateribus, macula obliqua antica alteraque posteriore maxima, ore antennis pedibus, corporeque subtus laete rufo-testaceis, elytris striis internis duabus tenuibus postice confluentibus. Long. -06. One specimen from Louisiana, liberally given me by Mr. Guex. A very beauti- ful little species. The elytra have only two very fine internal striae, which unite about one fourth from the apex. The anterior spot is oblique, the posterior one is larger and rounded. Litochrus brunnipennis, Mann. Bulk Mosc. 1852, 369 ; from Sitkha is ac- cording to a specimen sent me by Baron Chaudoir, a species of Agathidium. Phalacrus pallipes. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 90, from Kansas is un- known to me. It is a species of Olibrus, of the first division ; it is described as not quite one tenth of an inch long, black, with the antennae, feet and palpi testaceous. 2 18 [February, Note on the genus Lithodcs Schonherr. By John L. Lr Conte, M. D. On examining a considerable number of specimens of this curious genus, pro- cured bv me several years ago, in the valley of the Platte River, it became evi- dent at once that several species existed ; from the close resemblance in color, form and sculpture, it seemed to be a matter of difficulty to separate them, and I proposed to leave them until time and inclination would induce some entomo- logist to labor upon a monograph of our native Curculionidse ; such time being, however, apparently remote, and desiring to make use of the names of these objects in other investigations, I have thought it desirable to make them known. The species are all of a dull black color without lustre, and covered, when Rlive, with a crust of dirty brown matter ; the surface is thinly clotlied with very ehort yellowish bristles, which proceed from punctures : the punctures of the head are small, and the front is deeply sulcate : the rostrum is shorter than the liead, flat, slightly narrowed in front, with the mandibles distinct. The thorax is longer than wide, uneven, very coarsely punctured, rounded on the sides and narrowed somewhat rapidly in front, (except in L. longior) ; the disc has four vague impressions, and sometimes a slight dorsal channel : the part near the apex is transversely elevated, but more so in some species than in otjhers ; the sides are transversely impressed near the apex. The elytra are convex, connate, declivous and somewhat pointed behind, emar- ginate at base, with the humeral angles variously prolonged and embracing the base of the thorax : they have rows of large irregular foveaj, and the interstices are alternately more elevated : between the foveae may be seen a few elevated punctures. The legs are feeble, the tarsi are not dilated, and the pectoral ex- cavation does not reach the anterior coxae. 1. L. h u m e r a 1 i s , thorace fortius inaequali, ad apicem fortiter transversim elevato ; clytris humeris valde productis, ad thoracis tertiam partem extenden- tibas, extrorsum curvatis. Long. -33. Germ, in Schonherr, Cure. 2, 420 ; 6, 2, 390. Brachycerus humeralh Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 254. ThecfMernus humeralis Say, Cure. 8. The humeral angles are much longer than in any of the others, and very dis- tinctly bent outwards. 2. L. r e c t u 8 , thorace fortius ina;quali, ad apicera fortiter transversim elevato ; elytris humeris valde productis, ad thoracis quartam partem extendentibus por- rectis. Long. -35. One specimen. The thorax is as strongly impressed, and as much elevated at the base as iu the preceding, but the humeral angles are less prolonged, and not curved outwards. 3. L. affin is, thorace minus inaequali, ad apicem modice transversim ele- Tato, in latera minus profunde impresso ; elytris humeris breviter recte productis. Long. -35. Differs from the next by the less strongly impressed and less deeply punctured thorax. 4. L. r u d i s , thorace valde cribroso, inKquali, ad apicem magis transversim elevato, in latera fortius impresso, elytris (saepe toraento variegatis) humeris breviter recte productis. Long. -31. — -35. The thorax is more strongly and densely punctured than in the others, and the small elevations between the impressed fovea* of the elytra are usually more distinct. 5. L. e r o 8 u s , thorace minus inaequali ad apicem paulo transversim elevato, in latera minus profunde impresso ; elytris humeris breviter recte productis. Loag. '25. 1856.] 19 Resembles L. affinis, but is only one third the size; the impressions of the elytra are also more irregularly distributed, and their sides are more rounded. 6. L. 1 0 n g i 0 r , magis elongatus, thorace inseqiiali, in latera fortius imjiresso elytris humeris paulo produetis. Long. -23. Narrower than any of the others : thorax one third longer than wide, very gradually narrowed at base and tip, with the four dorsal impressions, and the lateral ones well marked. Elytra only moderately emarginate at base, with the humeri only slightly produced, and somewhat acute. 1. L. morbillosus, thorace insequali, in latera minus profunde impresso, ad apicem transversim paulo elevate, elytris humeris parum produetis. Long. •25.— -3. Resembles in form and characters L. a f f i n i s and L. e r o s u s ; it is inter- mediate in size, but the humeral angles are less prolonged, being, in fact, but slightly produced, and subacute. These species occur under dried buffalo excrement in the desert region along the valleys of the Platte and Arkansas river : and are sometimes very abundant. Notice of three genera of Scarab.4:id;e found in the United ^States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D On account of the great resemblance in appearance betwetn species of different genera among several of the tribes of Scarabaeida?, much confusion has resulted from the effort to place our species properly. This has perhaps been particn- liirly the case with our smaller Dynastidffi. Eight species were placed by me in the genus Bothynus, and the species known to Burmeister were placed by that author in Podalgus and Heteronychus. A more careful examination convinced him that the reference to the former of these two genera was incorrect, and peculiarities in the stridulating organs required the construction of a new genus, Ligyrus Burm. (Lamell. 3,542.) Although fleteronyehus relictus is not mentioned, it also belongs to this genus, which comprises all the species from the United States known to Burmeister, except his Podalgus obesus (Bothynus castaneus Mels.) The genus Ligyrus possesses a small elliptical plate of stridulating surface on the inner surface of the elytra, near the outer and posterior margin ; the mandi- bles are strongly dentate externally, and the outer lobe of the maxilliv are toothed at the tip. In the third volume of Prof. Lacordaire's admirable work on the genera of Coleoptera, these genera are carefully divided into groups, with the characters sub- ordinated ; and in one of the valuable notes he indicates the existence of a genua not recognized by Burmeister, and distinguished by having no organs of stridi4- lation. No name was suggested, as the scope of Lacordaire's book permitted tbn introduction of no new materials; but, as I find myself under the necessity of referring to the species in some catalogues now preparing for publication, 1 have been obliged again to review those referred by me to Bothynus, and now present the results, with the addition of two other remarkable genera. Ligyrus Burm. As the inner surface of the elytra cannot always be conveniently examined, the following characters may be used to recognize the species of this genus. The mandibles are strongly toothed externally; the clypeus is only narrowly margined, furnished usually with two small upright teeth at the apex ; the front ia always transversely carinated, but the carina does not reach the sides of the head. The species may be divided into two groups, and the first may again be subdivided according as the clypeus has one or two apical teeth. 20 [February, 1. Thorax with an anterior fovea and acute tubercle; ante.-ior tibiae tridentate. A. Clypeus bidentate at tip. 1. L. m 0 r i 0, oblongus, postice paulo latior, subtus femigineus, supra piceus vel ferrugmeus, capite transTersim aqualiter carinato, thorace parce punctato, lateribus subangulatis, elytris punctato-striatis, pygidio vix punctate; (maxil- larum galea bidentata.) Long. "53 — -6. Bothynus morio Lee. Journ. Acad. Kat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 87. Middle States, not rare. Differs from the next by the less deep punctures of the elytra, by the less dense and less coarse punctures of the thorax, and the more distinctly angulated sides of the latter, and by the pygidium being hardly punctured. The body is also more elongated and less dilated posteriorly. 2. L. g i b b 0 s u s, oblongus, postice latior, subtns ferrugineus, supra picens vel ferrugineus, capite transversim carinato, rugoso opaco, thorace parce fortius punctato, lateribus vix angulatis, elytris ssepissime fortius punctato-striatis, pygidio parce punctato; (maxillarum galea bidentata.) Long. -48 — -67. ScarabcBus ffibbosusDe Geer, 4, 322 ; tab. 19, fig. 7. ' Podalgus variolosus Burin. Lamell. 3, 121. Ligyrus variolosus Burm. Lamell. 3, 542. Var. Elytrus minus profunde punctato-striatis, seriebus internisfere obliteratis. Bothynus obsolcius Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 87. Our most common species; found from Massachusetts to Texas, and west- wardly to Santa Fe, Colorado River and Oregon. The specimens from Califor- nia, Oregon and Texas differ in having the sides of the thorax more regularly rounded, and in the Californian and Oregon specimens the inner striae of the elytra are frequently almost obliterated, and the thorax scarcely foveate. From the locality there can be no doubt that this is De Geer's species, with the de- scription of which it corresponds. The differences between this and the pre- ceding have been already mentioned ; from the next it differs (apart from the maxillae) by the less deep punctures of the elytra, aad by the rugosely punc- tured and almost opake clypens. 3. L. j u V e nc u s, ferrugineus, supra et subtus concolor, postice dilatatu?, capite transversim carinato, antice fere lasvi, thorace grossius minus dense punc- tato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, pygidio parcius punc- tato ; (maxillarum galea tridentata.) Long. -53 — '6. 1 Li/gerus juvencus Burm. Lamell. 3, 542. 1 Podalgus juvencus 'Emm. ibid. 3, 121. ? Geolrupes juvencus Fabr. Eat. Syst. emend. 1, 32 ; Syst. El. 1, 20. ? ScarabcBus juvencus Oliv. Eat. 3, 45, tab. 8, fig. 66, and tab. 16, fig. 143. Bothynus neglectus Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 87. Georgia and South Carolina, common. The description of the clypeus " finely wrinkled, bidentate, the frontal suture elevated, abbreviated at the sides, slightly eraarginate in the middle," given by Burmeister, leaves a doubt in my mind whether our species are really identical. The clypeus in mine is nearly smooth, and the frontal carina is in no respect different from that of the two preceding species. The references to Fabriciusand Olivier are acknowledged by Burmeisit-r to be doubtful, and it must be a matter of regret that the name was not allowed to become obsolete. B. Clypeus at tip, with only a single elevated tooth. 4. L. r u g i n a 8 u s, ferrugineus, supra et subtus concolor, postice paulo latior capite rugose punctato, ad apicem acumine unico mucronato, transversim leviter carinato, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis fovea antica rugosa, elytris regulariter sat fortiter punctato-striatis, pygidio vix puactulalo, (maxil- larum galea tridentata.) Long. -65. Oue specimen found at Ringgold Barracks, Texas, by Lieut. Haldeman. In form and sculpture of the head and thorax this species exactly resembles L. 1856.] 21 g i b b 0 s u s, but the apical tooth of the clypeus is central, and therefore is not produced by wearing from a bidentate form ; the transverse carina is less ele- vated. On the elytra the rows of punctures are somewhat more regular and smaller than in the specimens from the Atlantic States. The fovea behind the anterior acute tubercle of the thorax is rounded and densely rugous, while in all the species bf division A it is polished. The maxillae are distinctly visible in the 8peciLijen,and their galea is obviously tridentate at tip. The form of the stridu- lating organs and the sculpture of the propygidium is precisely as in the other species. 2, Thorax without anterior fovea and acute tubercle ; anterior tibice sub-4-dentate. 5. L. rel ictu 3, nigro-piceus oblongus, capite leviter rugose punctato, cly- peo antice bidentato, transversim carinato, carina medio interrupta, thorace j)arce punctato, lateribus rotundato, elytris linea suturali, alterisque 8 punctatis per paria approximatis, interstitiis alternis punctis plus minusve confusis notatis, pygidio parce punctato, ad basin subtililer rugoso. Long. -7 — -9. Scaribceua reliclus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 194. Heteronychiis relictus Burm. Lamell. 3, 92. Bothynus relictus Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 87. Middle and Southern States, and Kansas as far as the Rocky Mountains ; those from the latter locality are smaller than those found in Pennsylvania. Slight dififereoces are observed in form in this species ; females occur usually of a regu- lar oblong form like the males, but occasionally they are quite considerably ovate. In the other species of the genus I have been able to detect no sexual differ- ences ; here, however, the inner claw of the anterior tarsi of the male is thick- ened, dilated and suddenly curved. L. r u g i c e p s, oblongus, nigro-piceus, capite valde rugose punctato, clypeo antice bidentato, transversim carinato, carina medio interrupta, thorace parce punctato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris punctis densioribus sicut in priore insculp- tis. Long. -55. Two specimens without any abdomen, from Georgia. Very closely resembles the preceding in form and sculpture, but the size is so dill'erent that I cannot consider them as the same species. The only specific differences I can find, however, are the more strongly rugose head and more densely punctured elytra. Aphonds Lee. This genus contains species agreeing with Ligyrus in every respect, except that the elytra on the inner surface are not furnished with stridulating plates, and the mandibles are not dentate externally ; to avoid, however, the necessity of raising the elytra, recourse may be had to the structure of the head, which is narrowly margined, hardly transversely cariaate just before the eyes, but at most furnished with a slight tubercle ; the tip of the clypeus is varied in form ; in the first division the tip itself is elevated, and immediately behind it is a sharp transverse elevated line, which is either uniform or tridentate. In the second division the tip is rounded, and the elevated line is strongly bidentate. The species of the first division are of a very short ovate convex form ; the mandibles are not prominent, the antenn;e are lO-jointed, the 6th and 7th joints wider than the preceding ones ; the one forming the second division is, however, only moderately dilated behind, the mandibles are more prominent, and the fifth and sixth joints of the antennae are of the same size and closely united. I. Thorax not foveate near the apex, A. Pygidium moderately convex ; last abdominal segment hardly finely margined. I. A. pyriformis, breviterovatus, obscure ferrugineus, capite confertim ru- gose, vertice medio obsolete tuberculato, fronte ad apicem truncata, mox pone 22 [February, apicem alte et paulo concave traDSversitn reflexa, thorace ^ateribus rotundatis, punctato, parcius in disco pone medium, elytris sat grosse punctato-striatie, pygidio punctulato, parcius ad apicem. Long. •67. Boihynus pyriformis Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 88. Found near llie forks of the Platte River. 1 observed in the collection of Capt. Wilkes' Exploring Expedition a specimen from Oregon, that I referred to this species, but as I have not now an opportunity of re-examining it, I cannot answer for the correctness of the reference. The sides of the head are extremely narrowly margined. B. Pygidium very convex, last abdominal segment with a very strong line near the margin. 2. A. tridentatus, ovatus, piceus, subtus obscure ferrugineus, capita dense rugoso tenuiter marginato, fronte ad apicem emarginata et medio submucronata, mox pone apicem alte transversim reflexo tridentato, thorace lateribus rotunda- tis, punctato, parcius in disco pone medium, elytris grosse punctato-striatia, pygidio subtilissime punctulato, abdominis segmento venlrali ultimo linea mar- ginali insculpto. Long. -64. Scarahoius tridentatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 209. Boihynus tridentatus Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 88, One specimen found by me near Long's Peak ; another from Missouri was given me by Prof. Agassiz. Both are females, and have the marginal line of the last abdominal segment sinuate at the middle. 3. A. f r a t e r, nigro-piceus, subtus nigro-ferrugineus, capite rugoso tenuiter marginato, in vertice obsolete elevato, clypeo ad apicem emarginato et mucronato, mox pone apicem linea transversa elevata tridentata. thorace lateribus rotunda- tis, punctato, parcius in disco pone medium, elytris rarius punctato-striatis, pygidio punctulato, versus apicem parce punctato, abdominis segmento ultimo ventrali linea marginali insculpto. Long. -65. One male found in New Jersey, given me by Mr. Guex. Differs from A. triden- tatus only by the pygidiura being nearly smooth at the tip, with a few distinct punctures, and by the punctures of the elytra being smaller and the striae less numerous ; this is produced by the absence of the rows between the alternate stria? ; these intermediate rows are usually known by being slightly irregular. From the next species it differs by this character, as well as by the color and shape. 4. A. h y d r 0 p i c n 8, breviter ovatus, ferrugineus, capite rugoso fortius mar- ginato in vertice obsolete elerato, clypeo ad apicem emarginato et mucronato, mox pone apicem linea transversa elevata tridentata, thorace lateribus rotunda- tis, punctato, parcius in disco pone medium, elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, pygidio parce subtiliter punctato, ad basin dense punctulato, abdominis seg- mento ultimo ventrali linea marginali insculpto. Long. -ST. Bothynus vaTiolosus\\ Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d. ser. 1, 88. Georgia, not rare. Much more dilated behind than the two preceding, with the punctures of the elytra large and the rows numerous. The pygidium of the female is much more convex than that of the male, and the submarginal line of the last ventral segment is sinuous in the middle, while in the male it is uni- formly curved. 5. A. castaneus, breviter ovatus, ferrugineus, capite rugoso fortius mar- ginato, vertice vix elevato, clypeo ad apicem emarginato et acute mucronato, mox pone apicem linea transversa elevata tridentata (dente medio minore,) thorace parcius punctato, elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, pygidio parce subti- liter punctato, ad basin punctulato, abdominis segmento ultimo ventrali linea submarginali inculpto. Long. -45. Boilyuvs castaneus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 138. Fodalyus obcaus Burm. Lamell. 3, 119. 1856.] 23 Middle and Southern States. Ofjthe same form as the preceding;, but only one-third the size, with the thorax less punctured, and the alternate striie of the elytra arranged in pairs and composed of smaller punctures than in A. hydro- picus. The sexual differences are as in H. hydropicus, II. Thorax at the apex submucronate and slightly foveate. 6. A. c 1 u n a 1 i s, oblongus, convexus, piceo-castaneus, postice parum dilatatus, capite dense rugose punctato, tenuissime marginato, clypeo ad apicem rotundato submucronato, mox pone apicem linea valde elevata bidentata armato, sutura frontali distincta emarginata, medio tuberculo parvo notata, thorace lateribug valde rotundatis, subtilius punctato, disco versus basin sublffivj, ante apicem fovea parva punctata notato, et in apicem brevissime mucronato, elytris punc- tato-striatis, punctis externis minoribus confusis, propygidio subtilius punctato, ad apicem Ijevi, pygidio lajvigato modice convexo; abdominis segmentis singulo serie transversa grosse punctato, ultimo tenuiter marginato, (maxillarum galea bidentata.) Long. -95. One specimen found by Dr. Thos. H. Webb, of the Boundary Commission, and probably in the valley of the Gila. This species differs so much from the other species of the genus, that it can hardly be associated with them ; I have, how- ever, failed to discover any better place for it, and do not desire at present to increase the number of genera. Although the propygidium is somewhat rough with punctures, I do not perceive any transverse rugae, such as indicate the organs of stridulation in other genera. The hind tibiae are thicker than usual, and the transverse crest at the middle is prolonged externally into an acute tooth ; it does not, however, agree with any of the genera of Pimelopides described by Lacordaire, and seems rather to belong to the division Pentodontides. POLYMCECHDS LcC. Clypeus trilobatus, lobis rotundatis, margine fortiter reflexo, ad apicem denti- bus duobus parvis erectis armato, fronte utrinque transversim carinata, carinis margine adnexis ; oculi valde incisi ; mandibulaj extrorsum hand dentatae, ad apicem acutEC et sursum productje ; palpi articulo ultimo subcylindrico; (max- illae baud visse ;) antennas lO-articulatae, clava triphylla, feminfe reliqua parte paulo, maris sesqui longiore ; in hoc sexu articulis funiculi externis crassioribus compressis. Prosternum pone coxas hand prominulum. Pedes breves, crassi, tibiae femoribus hand longiores, anticte ultra medium tridentatfe, dentibus ap- proximatis ; intermedise et posticiB ultra medium extrorsum emarginataj et uni- coronata? ; ad apicem vix ciliafa?, angulo externo paulo producto ; tarsi tibiij baud longiores, articulis 1 — 4 sequalibus parce setosis, posteriores articulo Imo hand elevato, 4tovero snbtus longe acuminate ; 5to omnium longiore, unguiculis anticis sexus utriusqwe simplicibus, posterioribus feminre simplicibus, maris ex- ternis ad medium fortiter dentatis, dente ungue ipso vix breviore. Podex biar- ticulatus nudus. A very remarkable genus of regularly oblong oval form, and not furnished with stridulating organs. Its characters approach those of Pachylus, from which, however, it is quite distinct. Professor Lacordaire, to whom I sent a specimen submitted it to a careful examination, and from his letter I translate the follow- ing extract, convinced that the opinion of my most learned friend, who has examined aearly all the genera of this family, will be of more service to the stu- dent than any thing I could say : " The Lamellicorn which you have sent is very remarkable, but there can be no doubt regarding its place in the entomo- logical series. It is a genuine Dynastide, as is proved by the last abdominal stig- mata diverging strongly, and by the form of the mentum, the mandibles and the clypeus ; but it is related to the Melolonthides by the form of the head, the eyes, the antennaj and the tarsi. Its facies is at once that of certain species of both groups. In short, it is a completely new form, intermediate between the two groups mentioned, and you can without fear found upon it a new genus, 24 [February, which ought, in my opinion, be placed among the Cjclocephalides, along side of Pachylus, which is also a very anomalous genus. P. brevipes, nigro-piceus, vel obscure castaoeus, oblongus, convexus, capite rugose punctato, clypeo ad apicem bidentato, fronte utrinque transversim carinata, margine reflexo, thorace lateribus rotundatis, confertim punctato, parce autem in disco pone medium, elytris punctato-striatis, punctis versus suturam confusis, podlce punctato ; abdomine coxisque posticis confertim aciculatis. Long. -63— -7. Pennsylvania, New York and Missouri ; rare. Larger, more convex and more regularly oblong than Ligyrus variolosus. The outer strias of punctures are almost entirely regular, while those next the suture are confused, especially to- wards the base. The eyes of the male are larger and more prominent than those of the female. Pleocoma Lee. Clypeus (labrum?) prolongatus, antice angustatus acute rotundatus, pone apicem cornu transversoerecto furcato armatus ; caput ante oculos acute extror- snm angulatum, vertice inter oculos cornu brevi erecto armatum ; oculi magni vix emarginati. Antenna^ 11-articulata^, articulo 2ndo sequentibus crassiore ; 3io paulo elongate, 4 et 5to aqualibus, 6to paulo dilatato ; 7mo adhuc duplo latiore, 8 — 11 lamellatis, valde elongatis aqualibus. Mandibula, maxillaque baud visffi, palpi tenues. Thorax latus antrorsum angustatus parum convexus, disco antice declivi subdeplanato. Elytra parum convexa postice late rotundata. Prosternum baud prominulum Tibia antica elongata 7-dentata, dentibus supernis tribus minutis, 4 mediocri, 5 — 7magnis; posteriores elongata parum incrassata, extrorsum ultra medium emarginata et ad medium unidentata, ad apicem oblique truncalac, ciliata, angulo externo parum producto ; tarsi (inter- medii) tenues, tibia longiores, articulis 1 — 4 aqualibus, 5to prascedente duplo longiore, unguibus simplicibus, paranychia angusta bisetosa. Corpus subtus, OS pedes elytraque ad marginem longe fulvo-pilosa. A very remarkable insect, apparently belonging to the Dynastidae, but differing from all the described genera of that tribe by the 11-jointed antenna having a four-jointed club; the 7th joint might almost be considered as belonging to the club, but is only half the length of the four following. The very long hairs fringing the body give a strong resemblance in appearance to Syrichthus. The anterior tibiae are somewhat as in Athyreus ferrugineus and other Geotrupides, but the teeth are more unequal ; the anteocular lateral horns are seen also in that species; the eyes are very large, and contract the mouth so much beneath that the maxillae and mandibles are invisible, or have been destroyed by insects ; the thick hair also prevents me from seeing the form of the mentum. The form of the prosternum is the same as in Athyreus ; the anterior femora are very densely clothed with hair on the anterior surface. The anterior and posterior tarsi and abdomen are unfortunately destroyed ; the middle tarsi are exactly as in Athyreus. Doubt must therefore be entertained whether this genus should be placed with the Dynastidae or Geotrupida- ; the form of the antennae is equally repugnant to each, while the irregular puncturing of the elytra finds no parallel in the latter tr be. I find it impossible to determine whether the projecting part of the head beyond the anterior horn is a clypeus or labrum ; there is a slight appearance of a suture, but 1 am not certain of its existence ; the part in question is longer than wide, gradually narrowed in front and acutely narrowed at lip. P. f i m b r i a ta, latiuscula, ovalis parum convexa, nigra nitida supra glabra, capite inter cornua excavato laevi, occipite subtiliter rugose punctato, thorace latitudine fere triplo breviore antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis parce punctulato, antice modice declivi, elytris stria suturali, alterisque 8 per paria approximatis parum distinctis punctatis, interstitiis sat dense punctatie, margine et subtus dense et longe fulvo-villosa. Long. 1-05. A specimen found in California by Dr. A. H. Heermann was given by bim to 1856.] 25 Prof. Haldeman, and by the latter most liberally placed in my collection. It is, unfortunately, in a very bad state of preservation, but the remarkable characters will enable it to be readily identified when it again occurs. Mr. Motschulsky informed me, when in this country, that he had seen at the Imperial Museum of St. Petersburg, specimens of the same insect, which had been collected in Cali- fornia. He regarded it as allied to Ceratophyus Fischer, (a division of Geo- trupes). Analytical table of the species of Chl.enius found in the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. The close relationship existing between several of our species of Chlffinius, and the fact that many species have been described under more than one name, induces me to believe that an analytical table by which the species, which are really distinct, may be readily recognized, will be of service to the students of the entomology of the United States. They may be thus arranged : A. Caput punctatum; antennis articulo 3io longiore; pedes rufo-testacei. A. Thorax convexus, grosse punctatus, subcordatus. •45, supra cyaneus.elytris macula magna apicali flavo. 1. C. posticus Lee. (•6, supra violaceus, elytris nigris, 2.C.viridifrons^sc^. •58, supra totus viridis 3. C. patruelis Lee. B. Thorax planiusculus, aequaliter dense punctatus: a. supra bicolores ; thorax postice subangustatus ; •G — -Y, supra seneus, elytris atris, labro truncate 4. C. aestivus Say. •3, supra aeneus, elytris atris, labro emarginato 5. C. pusillus Say. thorax postice non angustatus ; •5 — •G, supra aeneus, elytris atris, labro emarginato 6. C. emarginatus Say. •4, supra viridis, elytris paulo obscurioribus, labro emarginato 7. C. amoenus Dej. b. supra cyanei, concolores ; •75 — •SS, magnus, thorace lateribus sinuatis 8. C. rufilabris Dej. •85, magnus, thorace lateribus non sinuatis 9. C. erythropus Germ. •55, — ^65, mediocris, elytris valde punctulatis 10. C. laticollis Say. mediocres, elytris obsolete punctulatis ; •65, thorace lateribus subsinuatis 11. C. regularis iec. •6 — -65, thorace lateribus baud sinuatis 12. C. rufipes Dej. c. supra virides, concolores ; •35, ovalis, thorace antrorsum valde angustato, angulis posticis obtusis, 13. C. lithophilus Say. •1, thorace antrorsum valde angustato, angulis pos- ticis rectis 14. C. angustus Netcm. •55, thorace antrorsum subangustato, basi impresso 15. C. sericeus Say. (•75, thorace postice baud angustato, ano rufo IG.C.smaragdinus Chatid. C. Thorax planiusculus inaequaliter punctatus, subcordatus ; •6 — -7, viridis, thorace subtiliter versus basin dense punctulato 17. C. prasinus Dej. •6, cyaneus, thorace vage minus subtiliter punctato 18. C. cumatilis Lee. B. Caput laeve, vel subtilissime punctulatum. D. Thorax inasqualiter punctatus, cordatus; antennis articulo 3io longiore. •50, cyaneus, thorace depresso 19. C. leucoscelis Chevr. 26 [February, •6, obscure viridis, thorace depresso, elytris subtilius pnnctulatis 20. C. chlorophanus Dej. (•66, "nigcr, elytris nigro-virescentibus" 21. C. cordicollis Kirhy. •53, laete viridis, thorace convexiore, elytris valde punctatis 22. C. solitarius Say. E. Antenn;c articulo 3io baud longiore: (thorax prsecipue aequaliter punctatus.) a. supra bicolores, thorax aequaliter punctatus ; •47, thorace aeneo obsoletius punctato, elytris atris 23. C. nemoralis Say. thorace fortius punctato ; ■A — 47, viridis, elytris vix obscurioribus, fortius pnnc- tulatis, striis vix punctatis 24. C. pensylvanicus Say. •42 — -5, cupreo-jeneus. thorace antrorsura fortius an- gustato, elytris atro-cyaneis, obsolete pnnc- tulatis, striis punctatis 25. C. tricolor DeJ. •45, viridis, thorace antrorsum parum angustato, ely- tris atro-cyaneis, obsolete punctulatis, striis fortiter punctatis 26. C. brevilabris Lee. •45, viridis, elytris paulo obscurioribus, subtiliter punctulatis, tenuiter striatis 27. C. Nebraskensis Let. •44 — ^54, thorace vage punctato, viridis, elytris ob- scurioribus 28. C. glaucus Lee. b. supra concolores, thorace ante basin latiore ; •46, cyaneus, thorace aequaliter obsolete punctato, postice baud angustato, 29. C. vaferZec. Proc. 6, 66 •43, aeneo-ater, thorace in.'Bqualiter punctato, trans- verso, postice angustato, elytris fortius punctulatis, (pedibus vel rufis vel nigris) 30. C. asperulus Men. •37, aeneo-ater, cyanescens thorace inaequaliter fere obsolete punctato, baud transverso, postice angustato, elytris minus conspicue punctu- latis (pedibus rufis) 31. C. obsoletus Lee. •45, viridis, thorace in:equaliter fortius punctato, latcril)us rotundato, 32.C. circuracinctus/Sa.'/. •5, totusameo-ater, thorace quadrato, rugose, ad basin utrinque densius punctato, elytris fortius punctulatis 33. C. harpaliuus Ei. Anser albatus, nobis. Form. — Smaller than the preceding, bill shorter, bare space at the base of the upper mandible not extending so far into the feathers (on the sides of the bill in front.) Wing long, second quill longest, tail short but comparatively rather longer than in the preceding, which is also the case with the tarsus. Dimensions. — Male. Total length (of skin) about 25 inches, wing 15|, tail 5|, bill measured along the culmen from tip to frontal feathers 2, to gape 2, tarsus 3 inches. Sexes alike, female slightly smaller. Colors. — Adult. Entire plumage white, except primaries, which are pale cine- reous at base and black in the terminating two-thirds of their length. Front and cheeks spotted with ferruginous, bill and feet red. Ilab. — Western and Northern America, Oregon, rare on the Atlantic. A single specimen from Oregon is in the collection of the Exi)loring Expedi- tion in the Vincennes and Peacock, and four specimens, which occurred in pairs, have come under my notice in the market at Philadelphia in the course of twenty years. These five specimens arc all that I have seen of this species, and it is 42 [February, very probably of rare occurrence on the coast of the Atlantic in this latitude, much more so than the preceding. The four specimens alluded to, which are a pair of adults and a pair of young, are now in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy. The third species, confounded by authors with the preceding, is : 7. Anser c(erulescens (Linn.) Anas coerulescens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 198, (1766.) Edwards, Birds, iii. pi. 152. Wilson, Am. Orn. viii. pi. 69, fig. 5. Aud. B. of Am. pi. 381, fig. 2, oct. ed. ri. pi. 381, fig. 2. This bird is figured and described by both "Wilson and Audubon, as the young of Anser hypcrboreus, but neither of them appear to me to have done so on any sufficient information, as may, I think, readily be inferred from their articles on that species. That it is not the young of either of the preceding species is my conclusion, being, as I believe, acquainted with the young of both. The figure given by Edwards as above, represents, apparently, the young of this species, and those of Wilson and Audubon a more mature stage of plumage, if not adult. This bird was known to the earlier naturalists, having been named by Linnaeus as above, in 1766, and before him by Brisson in 1760. Both, how- ever, probably described on the faith of Edwards' figure, which was published in 1748. Pennant apparently does not, but gives a sufficient description of this species under the name of "Blue winged Goose" in Arctic Zoology, ii, p. 269, (1792.) If this bird is the young of Anser hyporhoreus, which I deem very improbable, its specific name as above is the proper designation of the species, having priority over Pallas' Anser hyperboreus, or Forster's Anas nivalis (Phil. Trans. London, Ixii. p. 413, 1772,) which are synonymes. It is of rare occurrence on the coast of the Atlantic, in the latitude of New Jersey, though stated to be abundant in the Arctic regions. Specimens in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. A Synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congeners observed by the Author. By Joseph Leidy, M.D. PROTHELMITsTHA. 1. Bono RANAEUM Ehrcuberg. Abundant in the intestines of different species of frogs and toads. 2. Bono helicis Diesing. Cryplobia helicis Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii, 101. Cryptoicus helicis Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., i, 67. Bodo helicis Diesing. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 284. 3. BoDO COLUBRORUM Hammcrschmidt. In the cloaca of Tropidonotus sirtalis. 4. Bono jCLiDis Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., v, 100; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. 5. BoDO MUSCARUM Leidy. Frequent in the intestine of the house fly, Musca dornestica, in immense quantity. 6. Bono MELOLONTH.t: Leidy. Body spherical; diameter .00449 to .0112 mm. Tail simple, about the length of the diameter of the body. Found in the intestine of Melolontha quercina and J/, brunnea. 7. BuRSARiA iNTE.STi\ALis Elircnb. In the intestine of liana pipicns. 8. Leucopurys 8TRYATI3 Dujardin. Leucophrys. Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., ii, 49. la the liquids of the body of Enchytrams. 1856.] 43 9. Leucophrts clavata Leidy. Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., ii, 50; iii, 144. Found in the Lumbriculus limosus, and L. tenuis. 10. Leucophrys cochleariformis Leidy. Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. Found in the intestine of Lumbriculus tenuis. 11. Leucophrys socialis Leidy. Cordate, ovate, oval, pyriform, or globular, contractile, active, with one or many internal vacuolaj ; striated, ciliated. Length .036 to .045 mm., breadth .03 mm. Found very frequently and abundantly -within the stomach of the remarkable bryozoon Urnatella gracilis. (Pr. A. N. S., vii, 191.) 12. Nyctotherus velox Leidv. Pr. A. N. S., V, 233; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. From the large intestine of Julus marginatus. 13. NYCTOTHERrs ovALis Lcidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 100; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. From the intestine of the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis. 14. Albertia? pelluoidus Leidy. Anelcodiscus pellucidus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 28 Y. MYZELMINTHA. 15. ? MoNosTOMUM iNCOMMODUM Leidy. Body compressed, above convex, below concave, sides parallel, anteriorly convex, posteriorly angularly convex. Head continuous with the body, obliquely truncated. Mouth round, surrounded with a wide circular lip which is emarginate below. Male generative aperture ? com- municating with a hemispherical cavitj^ (acetabulum ?) one fourth the length of the body from the head. Length 9 lines, breadth 1§ lines. Five specimens were obtained from the fauces of the Alligator mississipiensis, in Florida, by Prof. J. W. Bailey, of West Point. Is it probably a species of Disiomum, with the ventral acetabulum emerged within the body ? 16. MoNOSTOMCM ORNATUM Lcidy. Body slightly compressed ovoidal, anteriorly broad ; yellow variegated with brownish red. Mouth infero-terminal, acetabuli- form, transversely oval. Penis conical, protruding a short distance below the mouth. Female aperture a short distance below the penis. Length 1 to IJ lines, breadth ^ to f of a line, thickness J to J a line. A dozen specimens were obtained from the abdominal cavity of Rana pipiem. 17. MoNOSTOMCM RENiCAPiTE Leidy. Body depressed, lateral margins parallel, an- teriorly and posteriorly rounded, above convex, below concave. Head formed by a transverse, reniform callosity. Mouth transversely crescentic, surrounded with a double lip. Penis a small conical tubercle. Length from ^ an inch to 1 inch, breadth IJ lines. Numerous specimens were obtained by Prof. Agassiz from the intestine of Sphargus coriacea. 18. ? MoNOSTOMUM MOLLE Lcidy. Body depressed, elongated elliptical, posteriorly convex. Head? mouth? Length 9 lines, breadth 2 lines. I have found two specimens, of what I suspect to be a species of Monostomum in the lungs of two individuals of Sternotherus odoratus The species is so soft that in the removal of the specimens I mutilated both, and since then I have been unable to find others. 19. DiSTOMUM LAXCEOLATUM Mchlis. Reported to exist in the sheep, Capra aries ; the ox. Bos taurus ; and the hog, Sus scrqfa. Stated to be frequent in the sheep, in several of the Western States. 20. DiSTOMCM HEPATICUM. In the hepatic ducts of the Cervus virginianus. Though I have never seen 44 [February, specimens from the source given, yet I think there is little doubt of its existence, from the circumstance that sportsmen and hunters have frequently informed me, they had seen leeches in the liver of the deer, which they supposed the animal had swallowed in drinking. Also reported to exist in the ox. Bos taurus, and in the horse, Equus caballits. 21. DiSTOMUM VARiABiLE Leidy. Var. a. Body white, variegated with black in the course of the oviduct, clavate, posterior^ obtuse, minutely echinated. Neck long, narrow, cylindrical, echinated. Oral and ventral acetabula nearly equal ; the latter one prominent, situated at the base of the neck. Length to 6 lines : breadth of body ^ a line. Var. b. Body flattened ovate, continuous with the head, anteriorly narrowed, posteriorly obtuse, color and echination as in the preceding variety. Length 2J lines, breadth 2 lines. Variety a is found attached to the sides of the cavity of the lungs of Tro- pidonotus sipedon, singly or in groups up to six, with the head and neck buried in tumors, as in the case of the attachment of Echinorhynchi. Variety 6 is found detached in the mucus of the lungs and trachea. Common ; — obtained in De- cember, when the water snakes were hybernating. 22. DiSTOMUM HORRiDUM Leidy. Dutoma horridum Leidj', Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., i, 303. From the excretory duct of the kidneys of the Boa constrictor. 23. DiSTOMCM VARIEGATDM Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the lungs of Rana pipiens. 24. DiSTOMUM RETUSUM Dug. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the intestine of Rana halecina. 25. DiSTOMUM CYGNOiDES Zcder. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the urinary bladder of Rana pipiens, R. palustris, R. halecina; Salaman- dra macidala, S. rubra, S. salmonea. 26. DiSTOMUM LONGUM Lcidy. Pr. A. N. S., v, 206. From the mouth of Esox estor. 27. DiSTOMUM TERRETICOLLE Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 206. From the stomach of Esox reticulatus. 28. DiSTOMUM iNCiviLE Leidy. Body flat, elongated elliptical ; echinated be- tween the oral and ventral acetabula, which are equal, and the latter one is hemispherical and sessile. Length 2^ to 3 lines, breadth 3-5tlis to 4-5ths of a line. Obtained from the intestine of Leiostomus obliquus. 29. DiSTOMUM CLAVATUM ? Rud. Body pyriform, transversely annulated, pli- cated. Neck curved conical, 3 lines long. Ventral acetabulum oblique, pro- minent, at the base of the neck, 3 lines in diameter, with a circular aperture much larger than the mouth. Length 1 inch, breadth 4 lines. One specimen in the collection of the Academy. Locality unknown. 30. DiSTOMUM VAGANS Leidy. Distoma helicis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iii, 220. Disiomum pericardium Creplin, Arch. f. Naturg. xv, 78. Distoma vagarui Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., i, 304. Cercariaeum helicis alternate Diesing, Rev. d. Cere. 24. Cercariaeum vagans Diesing, Rev. d. Cere. 24. Found in Helix alternata and in H. albolabris. 1856.] 45 GLINOSTOMUM Leidy. Head shorter than, and separated from the body by a lateral constriction op- posite the ventral acetabulum, compressed semi-oval. Body compressed oval. Mouth anterior. Ventral acetabulum, large, hemispherical, immersed within the commencement of the body, and having a truncated conical aperture with the apex posterior. A terminal pore to the body. 31. Clinostomum gracile Leidy. Head semi-ovoid, anteriorly obliquely trun- cated. Mouth transversely oval, with a prominent margin and a second border, which is slightly emarginate below. Body compressed oblong, oval, convex above, concave below, obtuse posteriorly, acetabulum larger, immersed between the head and body. Length to 3 lines, breadth to 1 line. Found in the intestine of Esox , and within cysts in the gills, fins, and muscles of Pomotis vulgaris. 32. Clinostomum dubium Leidy. Head compressed oval, convex anteriorly ; mouth minute, not bordered. Body compressed oblong oval. Ventral acetabu- lum immersed between the body and head. Length 2^ lines, breadth f of a line. From the intestine of Rusticola minor. 33. HoLOSTOMUM CORNU Nitzsch. Found in the small intestine of Ardea herodim. 34. HoLOSTOMUM NiTiDUM Leidy. Body divided by a constriction at the an- terior third, every where echinatcd. Head ovoidal; mouth terminal, round, opening into a cup-shaped pharynx. Body compressed oblong oval, variegated white with yellow. Length to IJ lines, breadth 2-5ths of a line. Two specimens were obtained from the small intestine of Rana pipiens. 35. DiPLODiscus SCBCLAVATDS Dicsiug. Found in the intestine of Rana pipiens. 36. DiPLOSTOMUM cuTicoLA Dicsing. Head elongated elliptical, excavated in- feriorly, obtusely angular, much longer than the body. Mouth small, round, pharynx oval, gizzard oval. Generative apertures hemispherical, situated just posterior to the middle. Body ovoid, with a terminal excretory pore. Length from l-5th to J of a line. Contained in oval sacs about ^ a line in length. Found in great number in the liver of Pomotis vulgaris. 37. AspiDOGASTER coNCHicoLA Bacr. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 224. 38. Malacobdella grossa Blain. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 209. CEPHALOCOTYLEA. 39. Cysticercps fasciolaris Rud. Common in the liver of the rat. Mm decumanus. 40. CYSTICERCnS CELLULOSE Rud. Occasionally in the muscles of the hog, Sus scrofa. 41. Cysticercus tesuicollis Rud. Occasionally in the liver of the hog, Sus scrofa, and in the mesentery of the sheep, Capra aries. 42. Cysticercus elongatus Leuck. In cysts, in the peritoneum of the european domestic rabbit, Lepus cuniculu*. 43. EcHiNococcus granulosus Rud. Echinococcus polymorphus Diesing. From a cyst, of about three inches in diameter, between the muscles on the right side of the abdomen, in an English sailor boy ; and also in two large 46 [February, cysts in the liver of a Frenchman. I have never met with this parasite in the Anglo-American. In three large cysts in the liver of a large species of monkey (species unknown) ; the specimen being preserved in the collection of the Uni- versity. 44. COENURUS CEREBRALIS Rud. In the sheep, Capra aries. 45. T^NiA SOLIUM Lin. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., ix, 443. 46. TAENIA LATiCEPHALA Leidy. Ibidem. 47. T^NIA SERRATA GoCZC. Ibidem. 48. T^NIA CUCUMERINA Bloch. Ibidem. 49. TAENIA ELLiPTiCA Batsch. Ibidem. 50. T^NIA CRASSICOLLIS Rud. Ibidem. 51. T.ENIA PUSiLLA Goeze. Ibidem. 52. TAENIA PECTiNATA Goeze. Ibidem. 53. TAENIA BACiLLARis ? Goeze. Ibidem. 54. T^NiA PESTiFERA Leidy. Ibidem. 55. TAENIA Stbigis acadic^. Ibidem, 444. 5G. T^NIA VARIABILIS ? Rud. Ibidem. 51. T^NiA DisPAR Goeze. Tcenia pulchella Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 241. TcBnia dupar Goeze. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 58. T^NiA LACTEA Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 59. TyENiA GiBBOSA Leidy. Ibidem. 60. DiBOTIIRIUM PUNCTATUM Rud. Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 61. Sparganum reptans Diesing. Ligula reptans Diesing, Syst. Helm, i, 581. Ligula trilonis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 96. Sparganum affine Diesing, Verth. d. Cephalocot. 20. 62. DiBOTHRiORHVNcnus ABDiTcs Leidy. Head continuous with the neck, apex convex and emarginate. Bothria 2, lateral continuous above, oval, with the lateral margins involute. Proboscides filiform, projecting \\ lines from the head. Neck ta-nia-form, widening posteriorly. Body constricted from the neck, nar- rower and longer, ticnia-form, narrowing posteriorly and ending in an obtusely angular extremity. Length of head and neck G lines, breadth posteriorly 1 line ; length of body 7 lines, breadth 3-5ths of a line. 1856.] 47 Four specimens were found in a large cream-colored liver, which had been left upon a stall in our fish market. I could not ascertain the species of fish from which it had been obtained, but I suspect it to be the halibut, Hippoglossiis vulgaris. Each worm was closely coiled up at the bottom of a long clavate sac, which was composed of three distinct membranes. The first membrane adhered to the structure of the liver in which it was imbedded, beneath the peritoneum. The second membrane was transparent, crisp, and shining. The third one was milk-white, soft, and contractile ; and it presented a delicate, tortuous, white opaque line extending the length on each side. After opening the third mem- brane, beneath water, the worm gradually crept out of its own accord. 63. Pentastomum subctlindricum Diesing. Pentastomum Didelphidis virginiancB Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 96. In cysts of the liver of the opossum, Didclphis virginiana. 64. Pentastomum euryzoxum Diesing. In the liver of Cynoccphalus porcarius. 65. Pentastomum proboscideum Rud. In the lungs of the Boa constrictor. 66. Pentastomum gragile Diesing. Body sub-clavate, incurved, most nar- rowed anteriorly, annular, not plicated, with the margins of the annuli micros- copically denticulated. Head obtuse, bothria subterrainal, elevated, each with two hooks, of which the upper one is the smaller. Mouth elevated, conical, in the focus of the semicircle formed by the bothria. Length from 3 to 4 lines, breadth J of a line. Eleven specimens were obtained by Jos. Jones from the stomach of the *!/- ligator mississipiensis. RHYNGODEA. 67. Gregarina Juli marginati. Gregarina larvata Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 232. Gregarina Juli marginati. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2q , i, 237. 68. Gregarina Juli pusili. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ssr., x, 23S. 69. Gregarina Polydesmi virginiensis. Ibidem. 70. Gregarina Passali corncti. Ibidem. 71. Greo.vrina Achet-e abbreviate. Ibidem. 72. Gregarina Loccst.e carohn/E. Ibidem, 239. 73. Gregarina blattarum Siebold. Gregarina Blattce orientalis. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 239. 74. Gregarina Scarabex relicti. Gregarina. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 208. Gregarina Scarabei relicti. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 287. 75. Gregarina Melalonth.e brunne.e. Body oblong oval ; head oblate ■spheroidal, slightly elevated at the summit. Single and in i)airs. Length of body .405 mm, breadth .252 mm; length of head .108 mm, breadth .144 mm. Found in the intestine of Melalontha Irunnea. 76. Gregarina Nereidis denticulat^b. Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. 48 [February. T7. EcHiNORHYNCHUS OVATUS Lcidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 97, (1850.) Rchynorkynchus campanulatus Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 21, (1851.) From the small intestine of Fdh leopardus. 78. EcHiNORHYNCHUS GiGAS Goeze. Small intestine of the hog, Sus scrofa. 79. ECHIXORHTNCHUS MICROCEPHALUS Rud. Echinorhynchus toriuosus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 97. Found in the mesentery of Didelphis virginiana. 80. Echinorhynchus striatus Goeze. Body cylindro-clavate, anteriorly minutely echinated. Proboscis obovate, with 12 to 15 circles of hooks. Neck short, conical, unarmed. Length to 10 lines; breadth anteriorly 1^ lines, (^olor, orange. Several specimens were obtained by Jos. Jones from the intestine of Tantalits li'culator. 81. Echinorhynchus manifestus Leidy. Echinorhynchus Pici collaris. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., t, 98. Body slightly com- pressed cylindroid, most dilated anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly, transversely corrugated. Proboscis subpyriform, with the rounded apex armed with 3 or 4 rows of hooks. Neck a simple linear constriction. Length 8 lines to an inch. Several specimens were found in the intestine of Picus collaris. 82. Echinorhynchus hamulatus Leidy. Echinorhynchus emydi%. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. Body long, white, sub-cla- vate, curved. Proboscis sub-globular, with a single row of strong hooks and a few rudimental booklets. Length 2 to 14 lines, breadth to ^^ of a line. Frequent in the intestine of Emys geographica, E. insculpta, E. guttala, and E. sserrata. From several individuals of the latter species, Mr. Joseph Jones ob- tained more than a hundred specimens. 83. Echinorhynchus acus Rud. Intestine of Morrhua americana. 84. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. Pr. A. N. S., V, 208. Intestine of Labrax lineafus. 85. Echinorhynchus qlobulosus ? Rud. Echinorhynchus lateralis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. Body sub-fusiform, most narrowed posteriorly. Proboscis C)Mindrical, projecting laterally, furnished with 12 to 14 rows of hooks. Neck very short. Length to 1 inch, breadth to two- tifths of a line. Intestine of Salnio fontinalis ; obtained by Prof. Baird and Prof. Agassiz. 86. Echinorhynchus angustatus? Rud. Echinorhynchus socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 156. Body cylindroid, narrow- ing posteriorly, frequently dilated anteriorly. Proboscis cylindrical, with 26 rows of hooks. Neck very short, conical, unarmed. Length from 6 lines to 2J inches, breadth to f of a line. Frequent in the intestine oi Platessa plana. NEMATOIDEA. 87. Trichina spiralis Owen. Occasional in the Anglo-american. 88. Trichina apfinis Diesing. Trichina spiralis Owen. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iii, 108. Observed in the muscles of the hog, Sus scrofa. 89. Anouillola aceti Ehrenberg. 1856.] 49 Common in ordinary cider vinegar. 90. Anguillula glutixis Ehrenberg. Common in paste of wheat, rye, tragacanth, &c. 91. Anguilltjla socialis Leidy. Oxyuris socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., t, 102. Found in tlie intestine of the black cricket, Acheta abbreviaia. 92. Akguillula longa Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 225. Found in ditches near Philadelphia. 93. ANCfCiLLrLA FOSsuLARis Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 226. Found in stagnant ponds near Philadelphia. 94. Amblyura skrpentulus ? Hemp, et Ehrenb. Angnillula longicauda Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 225. Mouth with cirri (^error in the previous observation and description). Tail long, subulate ; suctorial disk ex- ceedingly minute, clavate. Length to one-fortieth of an inch. Common about gutters and water spouts in Philadelphia. 95. Hystrignathus rigidcs Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 102 ; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 44. POXTONEIIA Leidy. Body capillary, narrowing towards the extremities. Head continuous with the body, truncated, or obtuse and surmounted with angular papillae, cirrated. Eyes none. Tail obtuse. Generative aperture ventral, near the middle of the body. CEsophagus long, cylindro-clavate ; gizzard none, intestine straight, capacious ; anus ventral and posterior. 96. PoNTONEMA VACiLLATUM Leidy. Jour. A. N. S., 2d ser. iii, 144. Body cylindroid, anteriorly with longitudinal rows of short cirri in addition to those of the head ; posteriorly incurved ; tail short, thick, conical, obtuse. Length to 9 lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line. Found on the sea shore of Rhode Island, beneath stones, between tides. 97. PoxTONEMA MARiNtJM Leidy. Jour. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. Body cylindroid ; head convex ; mouth surrounded with angular papilla. Cirri 4, at the side of the head. Tail long, narrow, coni- cal, obtuse. Length to 3 lines. Found at the bottom of a sound on the coast of Xew Jersey. POTAMONEMA Leidy. Body filiform, narrowing towards the extremities. Head continuous with the body, slightly dilated, obtuse. Mouth large, infundibuliform, unarmed ; oeso- phagus narrow, flexuous, membranous, gradually expanding into a capacious, straight, cylindrical intestine ; anus none? or exceedingly indistinct. Caudal ex- tremity obtuse. Generative aperture of the female near the middle of the body. 98. PoTAMONEMA NiTiDUM Leidy. Body cylindroid, most narrowed anteriorly. Head without g.ppendages. Caudal extremity broad, obtusely conical. Length 5 lines, breadth one-fifth of a line. An active, wriggling, glistening white worm, found among beds of Valisneria atnericana, growing in the river Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. NEMA Leidy. Body ascaridiform. Head without appendages. Mouth unarmed, large, in- fundibuliform, oesophagus tubular, membranous, expanding into a simple straight intestine ; anus ventral. Tail conical, acute, recurved. Generative aperture near the middle of the body. 4 50 [FebruarTj, 99. Nema vacilans Leidy. Body white, glistening. Length IJ millemetreSy breadth .050 mm. Tail .115 mm. long. An active wriggling worm, found about some dead specimens of a black Phry- ganea, which was infested with a fungus parasite, and attached to stones at the water's edge of a small brook near Philadelphia, 100. Streptostomum agile Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; v, 28'5 ; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 45. Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; v, 284. 101. Streptostomum gbacile Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv, 100 ; V, 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 40. In parte Oxyuris Diesingii Hammerschmidt, Isis, 354, (1848)'. In parte Oxyuris Blattce orientalis Hammerschmidt, Naturw. Ab. v. Haid., i., 284, In parte Anguillula macrura Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 134. 102. Thelastomum attenuatpm Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv., 231 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna, within Liv. An. 46. Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; v, 284. 103. Thelastompm appendiculatum Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 47. In parte Oxyuris Blattce orientalis Hammerschmidt,. Naturw, Ab. v,Haid,, i., 284, In parte Anguillula macrura Diesing, Syst, Helm» ii, 134. 104. Thelastom0M labiatum Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 47, 105. Thelastomum robustum Leidy. Pr. A. N, S., V, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 48, Thelastomum brevicaudatum? Leidy, Pr. A, N. S., v, 208 ; ibidem, 106. Thelastomum venustum Leidy. Body of female fusiform, straight, with the tail long, narrow, conical, straight, acute. Body of male incurved, with the tail short, depressed, ending in a recurved subulate point, and having a pair of oblong lobes or alae, extending the length ventrally. Generative and anal apertures terminating together abruptly. Penis a curved, conical, acute spicu- lum. Length of female to 2 J lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line ; length of male to 1 line, breadth ^ of a line. Found in great number within the large intestine of Testudo polyphemus. Ob- tained by Mr. Joseph Jones in Georgia. It is a singular fact, that this species is infested with vegetable parasites, as in the case of those found in myriapods and insects. 107. AscARis VERMicuLARis Lin. This species is the most common of all the parasitic worms, in the anglo-ameri- can. 108. AacARis LUMBKieoii>Es Lin. This species is the second of the most common of parasitic worms in the anglo- amaerican. In the University museum, there is a preparation of the liver of a boy, in which a number of individuals of this worm have forced themselves into the divisions of the hepatic duct. Frequent also in the small intestines of the hog. Sua scrofa. 109. AscARis leptopteba Rud. Ascaris Felis discoloris Leidy, Pr. A, N. S., v, 155, Found in the small intestine of the panther, Felis concolor, 110. AscAUis mystax Rud. Common in the domestic cat, Felis catus. HI. AaCARIS MARGINATA Rud. Frequent in the dog, Cania familiarit. 18&6.1 51 112. AscARis C0LUMNARI8 Lcidy. Astaris alknata Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., t, 205. Body very uniformly cylin- drical until within a short distance of the extremities. Head naked ; lips promi- nent. Tail short, conical, obtuse, in the male incurved. Length of female 4 inches, breadth 1 J lines ; length of male 2 inches, breadth ^ a line. Two specimens, male and female, were found Ln the intestine oi Mephitis chinga. 113. AscARis L^vis Leidy. Body cylindrical, narrowing at the extremities. Head naked ; lips prominent. Tail conical, mucronate. Length of female 3| inches, breadth 1^ lines. Male not seen. A single specimen was obtained by Mr. Packard, from the intestine xjf Arcto- mys monax.. 114. ASCARIS TENTACULATA Rxid. Found in the intestine of Didelphis rirginiana. 115. AscARis vESicuLARis Frolich. Common in the caecum of the turkey Meleagris gallopavo, and of the fowl, Phasianus gallus. 116. ASCARIS INFLEXA Rud. Common in the small intestine of the fowl, Phasianus gallus. 117. ASGAHIS SBRPENTULUS Rud. One female, 1 J inches long, was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the intestint of Ardea violacea. 118. AsCARis LONGA Leidy. Body most narrowed anteriorly, and only slightly so at the posterior fourth. Head naked, subacute ; lips slightly prominent. Tail obtusely rounded, with the anus forming a transverse, subcrescentic fissure nearly at its extremity. Length of the female 9 inches, breadth 1| lines. Male not seen. A single specimen was obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, from the intestine of Tantalus loculaior, in Georgia. 119. ASCARIS TENUICOLLIS Rud. Frequent in the stomach and intestine of the Alligator mississipiensii. 120. AscARis ANOURA Dujardin. Eight specimens were obtained from the intestine of Coluber constrictor. The females measure up to 6 inches in length by 1 line in breadth ; the males 3J inches in length by f of a line in breadth. Six specimens, apparently of this species were sent to me by Prof. Agassiz. They were obtained with nearly a pint of others, from the intestine of the Boa constrictor. I do not feel positive that they are really of the same species, as the specimens are too badly pre- served to ascertain the fact correctly ; but the size and details of form agree pretty closely. 121. AscARis 2fUDA Leidy. Body most narrowed anteriorl}-. Head naked, with the epidermis closely adherent ; lips large, oblong. Tail short, incurved, conical, minutely mucronate. Length of female 2 to 2^- inches, breadth ^ to 2" a line. Male not seen. Two females were obtained from the intestine of Crotalus adamanteus, bj Mr. Schafhirt. Is this probably the same as the last species ? 122. AstARis HUMiLis Lcidy. Body cylindroid, recurved, white. Head ob- tuse, naked ^ mouth trilobed? pharyngeal apparatus none ; oesophagus pestle- form. Tail substraight, conical, acute. Length 2 lines, breadth one-tenth of a line. Eight specimens were obtained from the lungs of Tropidonotus sirtalis, in De- cember. 123. AscARis ENTOMELAS Lcidy- ProG. A. N. S., V, 206. From the lungs of Eana hakcina. 52 [February, 124. AscARis ACUTA Mtiller. A single male, 1-t lines long and J of a line broad, was obtained from the in- testine oi Platessa plana. 125. AscARis NEGLECTA Lcldj. Bodj cjlindro-fusiform, most narrowed an- teriorly. Head naked ; lips large, obtuse. Tail short, conical, acnte. Length of female 2 inches, breadth three-fifths of a line ; male about half the size. Twelve specimens were obtained bj' Prof. Baird, from the intestine of Diodor maculo-striatus. 126. AscARis CLAVATA Rud. Head with a linear ridge ou cach side. Tail short, conical, incurved, mucronate ; in the female with a linear ridge extending for- ward on each side. Length of female to 3^ inches, breadth f of a line ; length of male to 2 inches, breadth to ^ a line. Numerous specimens were obtained by Prof. Agassiz from the intestine of Morrhua pruinosa, and I have obtained others from the intestine of Morrhua americana. 127. AscARis CYLiNDRiCA Leidy. Angiostomum 9 cylindricum Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 559. Ascaris cyVmdrica Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 229. Body cylindroid, equally at- tenuated towards the extremities, curved. Mouth distinctly trilabiate. Tail narrow, conical, curved, acute. Female generative aperture just posterior to the middle. Length fom--fifths of a line, breadth one-twelfth of a line. Found in the intestine of Helix alternata. No cartilaginous pharynx as in Angiostomum! 128. AsCARis INFECTA Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv, 229 ; Faun, and Flora within Liv. An. 42. Found in the ventriculus of Julus marginatum. 129. Stnplecta pendula Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 240. From the stomach of Emys guttata. 130. CfeTURis compar Leidy. Body fusiform ; head continuous with the body, subacute, with a dilatation of the epidermis ; mouth small. Tail of female long, subulate, spirally contorted ; the generative aperture one-fifth the length of the body from the head. Length of female 4 to 7 lines, breadth J of a line ; length of tail from the anus 1^- lines. Seventeen specimens were found in company with others of Tcenia crassicollis in the small intestine of the cat, Felis catus. (Esophagus long, pestle-form ; gizzard globulo-pyriform ; intestine dilated at the commencement, afterwards cylindrical. Males were not seen. 131. OXTURIS curvula Rud. Intestine of the horse, Equus cahallus. 132. ? OxYURis DUBiA Leidy. Body fusiform, curved. Head continuous with the body, naked. Mouth unarmed. Female generative aperture about the middle of the body. Tail abruptly narrowed, acutely conical. Length of female Ih lines, breadth J of a line. Male not seen. Found in the caecum of Bufo americanus, and of Salainandra rubra. SPIROXOURA Leidy. Body cylindroid, attenuated at the extremities. Head continuous with the body. Mouth round, surrounded by a circular papillated lip. Caudal extremity of male spiral, acute, tuberculate, with the two spicula of the penis curved, ensi- form, costate ; of the female conical, acute, with the generative aperture at the posterior third of the body. 133. Spiroxoura gracile Leidy. Body of female incurved ; that of male spiral posteriorly. Head naked ; mouth with a circular lip of 6 papilhe. Tail of female long, calcarate, acute : of male, with two rows each of three tubercles. Spicula 1856.] m of penis curved ensiform, costate, emarginate at tbe extremity. Length 'of female 8 lines, breadth J of a line ; length of male to 4 lines, breadth to J of a line. Found in the stomach of Emys serrata. (Esophagus long, pestle-form, gizzard globular, commencement of the intestine cordiform, rectum short, wide, pyriform. Ovaries double. 134. SprRONOTJRA AFTiNE Lcidy. Body of female curved ; that of male posterior- ly spiral. Head naked ; mouth with a circular lip of 6 ? papilhv. Tail of femah; nearly straight, moderately long, conical, acute 5 of the male, conical, incurved, ■with a pair of tubercles on each side near the end. Spicula of penis curved. €nsiform, costate, acute. Length of female 4^ lines, breadth one-fifth of a line ; length of mak 3 lines, breadth ^ of a line. Found in the coecum of Cistudo Carolina. 135. Phtsaloptera turgida Rad. Spiroptera Didelphidis virginiana. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S,, v, 1513. Common in the stomach of Didelphis virginiana. Found by Dr. Goddard, Mr. Schafhirt, and myself ; and also by Mr, Jos. Jones, in Georgia. 136. Phtsaloptera limbata Leidy. Spiroptera Scalopis canadensis. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 156. The mouth bilabiate and surrounded by an elevated linear margin. Ala of male, each with 4 diverg- ing costae. The length 6 lines, breadth J of a line, 13?. Phtsaloptera mocronata Diesing, Numerous specimens were obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, from the stomach of the Alligator mississipiensis, in Georgia. 138. Phtsaloptera constricta Leidy. Body white, with the brown intestine shining through, cylindrical to within a short distance of the extremities, in- curved ; anterior extremity with one or two constrictions, and abruptly inflexed. Lips large, lateral, constricted from the body, each trilobate. Tail of female in- curved, abruptly conical and acute ; of the male alated, with the alae narrow, long, and turgid. Length of female If inches, breadth two-fifths of a line ; male half the size. Found frequently in the stomach of Tropidonotus sipedon, with the anterior ex- tremity of the body hooked through the mucous membrane, and very tightly ad- hering by means of the one or two <:onstnctionB. 139. Phtsaloptera coktorta Leidy. Body capillary, most narrowed anterior- ly, with the posterior four-fifths spirally contorted ; white, with the intestine brown. Lips prominent, constricted from the body, trilobate. Tail short, coni- -cal, acute j in the male with narrow alae, each furnished with five funnel-shaped pores. Length of female from 6 lines to an inch ; breadth to J of a line ; male from one half to three-fourths the size. Frequent in the stomach of Emys serrata, Emys reticulata, Cistudo Carolina, and Kinosternum pennsylvanicum, adhering to the mucous membrane in the same manner as Physaloptera constricta. 140. Phtsaloptera abjecta Leidy. Body most narrowed anteriorly, incurved. Mouth distictly bilabiate ^ lips lateral, prominent. Caudal extremity incurved, obtusely conical. Length 10 lines, breadth ^ a line. One specimen was obtained by Mr. Jos. Jones, from the stomach of Psammo- phis flag cllifor mis. 141. )curvisque ; margarita colore salmonis tincta. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. U.Nio HousEi. Testa bialata, Irevi, triangulari, compressa, valde ina?qnilaterali, postice obtuse angulata, valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis; ei)idermide fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis ; lateralibus pr«longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita colore salmonis tincta. llab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. i8o&:]l &3 Unio GRAVfDus. Tcsta alatS.. Icvi, triaugukri, ralde iEflata, valde inaequi- laterali ; valvulis teiiuibus; uatibuselevatis, tumidis ; epldermide lutea, uitida; fientibus cardinalibus pralongis, valde lamellatis ; lateralibus longis, lainellatis sabcurvisque ; margarita coeruleo-alba et iridesceute. Eab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio inornatus. Testa Ireri, elliptica, inflata, subrequilaterali, postice sub- aEgulata ; valvulis sub-p^llucidis teuuibBsque ; natibus subprominentibus ; •eijidermide olivacea, substriata ; dcutibus cardiualibus longis lamellatisque lateralibus longis rectis, lamellatisque ; margarita, caeruleo-alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. U.vio LUTENS. Testa Isevi, elliptica, inflata, suba^quilaterali, postice obtns^ angulat^ ; valvulis crassis ; natibus subprominentibus ; epidermide lute?., polita ; d-entibus cardinalibus crassis brevisque ; lateralibus brevis, subcrassis sub- rectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hah. Newville Burmah. Mrs. Vinton. Uxio EXiMins. Testa alata, plicate, obovati, compress^, valde inasquilaterali, fiostice rotund.ata ; valvulis tenuissimis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide virido- utea, obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis tenuisque ; lateralibus ioBgis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita caeruleo-alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Uxio TUMiDULUS. Testa Ijevi, obliqui, inflata, postice angnlatd, valde iisequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis; natibus prominentibus ; epidermide teue- broso-olivacea, striata ; dentibus cardinalibus longis lamellatisque ; lateralibus praelongis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. TJnio RtsTicUS. Testa luberculata, elliptica, inflat-a, inaequilateraM, postice subangulatS, ; valvulis subcrassis; natibus subprominentibus; epidermide olivacea, substriata; dentibus cardiualibus longis lamellatisque; lateralibue longis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. tlxio SAGITTARIUS. Tcsta Iffivi, A'alde transversa, valde injequilaterali, eubin- fiata, subcylindracea, postice aciito-angulata ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus vix prominentibus ; epidermide vii-ido-olivacca, striata ; dentibus cardiualibus longis, rectis lamellatisqte ; lateralibus prrelongis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, 5l. D. Uxio substriatus. Testa Isevi, elliptica, subinflata, subaequilaterali ; postice angulata, autice totundata; valvulis crassiusclilis ; natibfis subprominentibus granulatisque ; epidermide olivacek eradiata et rugoso-striata; dentibus cardi- nalibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; lateralibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; margariti argentea et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio scobinatcs. Testa plicata, transversa, in medio compressa, valde itiffiquilaterali, postice angulat^, ad basim efnarginata ; Aalvulis subcrassis ; natibus parvis, prominulis, ad apicem undulatis ; epidermide viridi et lutea, minute striata.; dentibus cardinalibus obliquis,compressis ; lateralibus prtelongis, iti uterque valvis duplicis subrectisque ; margarita alb& et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. T. R. Ingalls, M. D., S. R. House, M. D. Unio humilis. Testa plicata, transversa, subinflata, subasquilaterali, sub- cylindracea, postice biangiilata; valvulis lcnuibus,pellucidis; natibus prdminulis, perplicatis ; epidermide virido-lutca, striata ; dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis rectisque ; lateralibus longis lamellatisque ; margarita cseruleo-alba. ot iridee- "cente. tiai. -Siam. S. R. Hous«, M. D. 7 S4 [APEii, ' Ukio PHA3HL0S. Tcsta plicata, transrersa, inflata, subsmarginata, valde. inasquilaterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valTulis crassis ; natibus parvis, promi- nulis, ad apicem undulatis ; epidermide viridi et lutea, polita ; dentibus cardi- nalibus brevis subcrassisque ; lateralibus prelongis, duplicis in uterque valvis Bubcuryisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. TJnio Yebreauiancs. Testa sulcata, oblonga, inflata, subemarginata, subffiqui- laterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus parvis, subpromi- nentibus undulatisque ; epidermide luteo-brunea, striata dentibus cardinalibus magnis, obliquis, compressis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, rectis lamella- tisque ; margarita salmouis colore tinctd et iridescente. JJab. Cape of Good Hope. Mr. E. Verreau. Ukio Africanus. Testa Irevi, elliptica, subcompressa, subemarginata, ralde infequilaterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus parvis, prominulis undulatisque ; epidermide luteo-olivacea et polita ; dentibus cardi- nalibus parvis, obliquis, compressis sublamellatisque ; lateralibus prslongis eubrectisque ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et valde iridescente. Hcj. Cape of Good Hope. Mr. B. Verreau. Unio Shurtleffianus. Testa minute plicata, elliptica, insequilaterali, sub- cylindracea, postice obtuse angulata, antice rotundata, ad latus subplamilata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis, ad apices minute undulatis ; epidermide virido-lutea ; dentibus cardinalibus sublongis, compressis geminisque; lateralibus longis subrectisque ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Sina River, India, Major Le Conte. Ahmednugger, Inviia. S. Shurtleff, M. D. Unio effulgens. Testa sulcata, elliptica, subinflata, inaequilaterali, postice obtuse angulata; valvulis subcrassis; natibus prominulis ; epider.nidetenebroso- fuscd, polita ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis curvisque ; margarita c^ruleo-alba. Hab. Brazil. B. W. Budd, M. D. Unio Dunkerianus. Testa plicata, transversa, subinflata, valde inaequilaterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus prominulis, costis divaricatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca politaque ; dentibus cardinalibus longis compressisque ; lateralibus praelongis, lamellatis rectisque ; margarita cajruleo- alba et valde iridescente. Hab. River Macacou, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Diinker. New Grenada, Mr. E. Verreau. Unio Shuttleworthii. Testa sulcata, oblonga, transversa, valde intequi- laterali, subcompressa, postice obtuse biangulata, ad latus planulata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide bruneo-nigricante ; dentibus cardi- nalibus parvis ; lateralibus longis subcurvisque ; margarita purpurea et iridescente. Hab. Australia. R. J. Shuttle-worth, Esq. Berne, Switzerland. Unio nucleus. Testa plicata, quadrata, inflata, subajquilaterali, postice angulata; valvulis crassis; natibus prominentibus, perplicatis ; epidermide virido-fusca, minutissime perstriata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassis brcvisque ; lateralibus crassis, brevis, duplicis in uterque valvis subcurvisque ; margarita cffiruleo-alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Wheatleyanus. Testa IjEvi, elliptica, inflata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis' crassis ; natibus prominulis, costis elevatis, epidermide tenebroso-oliva, rugoso-- striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, crassiusculis, subdivisis ; lateralibus longis crassisque ; margarita vel alba vol earned et iridescente. Hab. Rio Plata, M. A. D'Orbignr. Rio Negro. C. M. \Vheatle7, Esq, 1856.] 9ft L'kio BnoTiTNii. Testa Ifevi, obovata, valde compressa, valde iD;equilaterali ; Talvulis subcrassis; natibus prominiilis, costis divaricatis; cpidermideteRebroso- viridi, striata ; dentibus cardinalibus submagnis, in utraque valvis duplicis ; lateralibus lamellatis, sublongis currisque ; margarita alba. Hab. Mocha? Asia. Capt. George ]3rown. Uxio suATiDicus. Testa laevi, oblonga, subcompressa, valde inasquilaterali, antice rotundata, postice truncata, natibus subprominentibus, costis elevatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva, minute striata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, crenulatis, in utraque valvis duplicis, lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque; margarita ca^ruleo-alba et iridescente. Uab. River Amazon. Mr. E. Verreau, Paris. Uxio UMBROSUS. Testa laevi, elliptica, subinflata, injequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide castanea, politd, transverse fasciatcl; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, subelevatis ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis sub- curvisque ; margaritd vel purpurea vel rosea et iridescente. Uab. Medellin River, Mexico. M. Burrougb, M. D. Description of a new Snake from Illinois. By Robert Kexxicott. ReGINA EjRTLA>-Dn. The body of this species is somewhat trigonal in cross sections, (flattened on the abdomen,) and tapers gently from the middle to either extremity. There is no distinction of neck, and the very small head calls to mind that of the Coluber amoenus of Say. It is, however, much larger, and the scales are very stronglj carinated. The carinse are found on all the longitudinal rows of scales, of which there are nineteen exclusive of the belly scales ; the external row is almost aa sharply keeled as those on the back, even to the tip of the tail. The dorsal scales are narrow and elongated, the sides nearly parallel except near the ends. As already stated, the head is very small. The vertical plate is sub-hexago- nal, the two anterior sides forming a very obtuse angle : the external edges are slightly convergent posteriorly. The nostrils in the middle of the two plates. There is one ante-orbital and two post-orbitals ; there are six labials above and seven below, in addition to the rostrals. The ground ?olor of this snake is a light purplish brown, with four rows of large nearly circular blotches covering the whole back and sides. They are arranged so as to alternate ; the outer blotches on the outer row are a little larger than those on the two central ones, and are of the width of four or five scales. The belly is of a pale brick red, (fading to brownish yellow in alcohol.) with a well defined blotch of black near the exterior of each scale. These give rise to a series of very well defined round black spots on either side of the abdo- men ; and there is also an obscure series of dark blotches on the anterior edge of the scales in the exterior dorsal row. The dots in this series are separated by intervals of two unmarked scales. The spots of this row alternate with those of the larger series immediately above. On separating the scales, the skin is seen to be colored like the adjacent scales. It is black in the dark blotches and veiy light in the intermediate space, giving rise to the appearance of whitish edges to the scales. There are thus four series of large spots on the back and sides, two on the belly, and two in the exterior dorsal rows, making eight in all. The last men- tioned row is sometimes very obscure, the others are always distinct. I refer this serpent to the genus Rcgina of B. and G., although it is different in some respects from the other known species. It is somewhat like the H. rigida, but is differently marked ; the latter having the two abdominal rows close to- gether on the middle of the belly, instead of being separated. Neither is there 96 [April any indication in R. rigida of the four series of dorsal blotcli^s. In fact, there is no North American species more strongly marked than this. Abdominal scales 133, the last one divided ; subcaudal 59. Dorsal rows of scales 19. Length 19^ inches, of which the tail measures 4i inches. As yet, this species has only been detected in Northern Illinois, where it is rarely met with. The few specimens obtained have been found in the woods, generally under logs. This snake is rather sluggish, and, like Rcgina Grahamii of B. and G , is not very pugnacious. In giving to this serpent the name of Dr. Kirtland, as a slight token of the rsspect due him, to whose enthusiastic and untiring devotion to Science the West owes so much, I would also make some expression of my personal grati- tude to the honored teacher, whose kind encouragement and instruction led me to study Nature, by dedicating to him his pupil's first contribution to Science. Descripdon of several new genera and species of Fossil Fishes, from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio. By J. S. Newberry, M. D. MECOLEPIS Newberry. Ileterocercal lepidoids of small size. Body fusiform. Head obtuse. Tail eloi^gated. Lobes very unequal. Fins small and provided with delicate fulcra. Dorsal opposite anal or nearly so, both set far back in body. Cranial surface ornamented by corrugations, tubercles or granulations. Opercular, maxillary and hyoid plates ornamented with convoluted corrugations of the surface in various patterns. Scales smooth, or ornamented ; posterior margin of lateral scales all or in part serrated. Scales of median line above and below characteristically angled or crenulated. Two rows of scales on sides extending back to near anal fin, re- markably high, vertical 2 to 5 times longitudinal diameter. Lateral line nearly straight, passing the upper part of lower row of high scales. Teeth conical, short, en brosse. The peculiar group of fishes to which I have given the generic name of J/f- oolepis, apparently represents the Falceonisci in the ichthyic fauna of th^ locality^ where they occur. From Amblypterus and Elonichthys they may readily be dis- tinguished by their small fins all bearing fulcra. With Falceori^cus their affini- ties are closer, but the ensemble of characters presented by the large number of specimens which I have examined, seem to separate them from that genus. Among these diagnostic characters the most conspicuous are their small size, posterior position of dorsal fin and especially the high lateral scales. 1. M. CORRUC.ATUS Newb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 in. 4 lines ; breadth 10 lines. Length of head 8 lines. Anterior lateral scales 2i times as high as long. Cranial plates ornamented by convolutions of fine, thread-like corrufatious. Maxillary bones, opercular and hyoid plates corrugated much as superior surface of head. Scales smooth, except a few on the anterior dorsal surface, which are finely striate and punctate. Posterior margins of lateral scales as far back as anal and dorsal fins serrated. Scales of tail, like most of those of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, plain on surface and margins. Ante- rior margin of anal fin opposite centre of dorsal fin ; longest rays of anal fin when collapsed just reaching base of caudal fin. 2. M. TinERCCLATus Ncwb. Body fusiform. Ei.tire length 3 inches. Head G lines. Tail 8 lines. Cranial jilates strongly tuberculated; tubercles rounded elongated and reni- form. Surfaces of opercular, maxillary and hyoid bones covered with linear parallel corrugations. Surface of all the scales of the body smooth, except a few on the anterior 1856.] 97 dorsal and ventral surfaces, 'which are sometimes finely punctate. Lateral scales nearly 5 times as high as long. Posterior margins of lateral scales bearing a few serrations. Anal fin opposite dorsal. Radial formula, D. 5 ; C. 14 ; A. 8 ? ; V. 6 ; P. ? 3. M. GRAXTLATCS Newb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 inches, breadth 7 lines. Head 6 lines long. Tail 9 lines. Head tubercled above, tubercles elongated, with granulations between. Oper- cula, maxillaries and hyoid plates threaded. Scales apparently thinner and more delicate than those of any other species. Those on anterior portion of body granulated, and having a faint double waved line along anterior margin. Posterior border serrated. Lateral scales 4 times as high as long. Radial formula, D. 6; C. 14; A. 8;V. 5?; P. 9? 4. M. LiXEATUS Newb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 inches ; breadth 8 lines. Cephalic bones all ornamented with thread-like lines, as in J/, corrugatus, and without tubercles. Scales of anterior portion of abdomen covered with concentric thread-lines. Margins of lateral scales ornamented in the same manner. Lateral scales lower than in any other species yet discovered, greatest vertical diameter only twice longitudinal. Scales of abdomen twice as long as broad. 5. M. ovoiDKrs Newb. Fish small, robust. Body ovoid. Length 1 inch 6 lines ; breadth 6 lines. Length of head 4^ lines. Cranial surface corrugated and finely g'ranulated; opercula and lower parts of head ornamented by thread-like corrugations. Scales of anterior portion of abdomen granulated, of sides serrated. Lateral scales 3^ times as high as long. C. M. ORXATissiMus Newb. Fish small, fusiform, slender. Length 2 inches; breadth 5 lines. Cranial surface sparsely tubercled, tubercles somewhat radiated. Spaces be- tween tubercles finely granulated. Opercula, maxillaries and hyoid bones granu- lated and corrugated. All the scales of the body and tail ornamented with granulations, striffi or denticles. Lateral scales 4 times as high as long, with a double line of appressed denticles on anterior border, and acute serrations of posterior margin. Fins all relatively longer than in other species. Dorsal fin nearly opposite anal. 7. M. iN'sccLPTUs Xe#b. Body fusiform, slender. Length 2 in. 6 lines, breadth 5 lines. Cranial plates ornamented with elongated tubercles, spaces between tubercles granulated. Sides and under surface of head marked by raised lines and fine granulations. Scales on anterior half of body highly ornamented. Lateral scales 3J times as high as long, and having a doubled wave line along anterior margin, with acicular denticulations of posterior border. Scales of abdomen having entire surface covered with appressed denticles. Scales of tail and posterior portion of bodj- plain. Dorsal fin opposite anal. 8. M. 8ERKATCS Ncwb. Small, robust. Length 1 in. 6 lines. Head 4 lines. Tail 5 lines. Breadth of body 5 lines. Head finely tubercled above. Opercula, maxillaries and hyoid plates marked by fine linear corrugations. 98 [April, Highest scales of sides 3 times as high as long. All lateral scales quite into the tail, strongly and sharply serrate on posterior margin. Surface of anterior scales wrinliled from the serrations forward. Anterior margin of anal fin opposite posterior margin of dorsal. ELOXICHTHYS Giebel. I E. PELTiGHKUS, Newb. Body short, compressed. Length 5 inches. Height 1 in. 6 lines. Breadth 1 inch. Cephalic bones all ornamented by paral- lel convolutions of thread lines. Scales all covered by similar raised lines, which cross them diagonally downward and backward, terminating in serrations of the posterior margins. About the middle of the interval between the occiput and dorsal fin, on the median line, begins a row of oval scales, four times as large as the scales of the sides; ornamented in the same manner, extending in a single row along the me- dian line to the dorsal fin, and behind the dorsal fin to the tail, where they are transformed into the large striated fulcra, which overlie the prolongation of the vertebral to its termination. These abnormal scales of the dorsal line are a striking peculiarity in the species, and have suggested the name given it. CCELACANTHUS Agass. 1. C. ROBUSTCS Newb. Body robust, 1 foot 6 inches in length. Upper sur- face of cranium covered with small closely approximated tubercles; maxillaries and opercula threaded with fine parallel, sometimes interrupted lines. Margins of opercula in mature specimens wavy. Scales elliptical, thin, 7 to 9 lines in length, nearly half the surface exposed; exposed portion covered with thread-like lines similar to those of the opercula and maxillaries, and which converge toward the posterior angle of the scale. C. ORXATUS, Newb. Body fusiform, slender, scarcely wider than head. Size small, not exceeding 4 to 6 inches in length. Upper surface of head ornamented with tubercles, which are much larger and more remote than in preceding species. Opercula and maxillaries threaded, and like the scales having stronger markings than in the larger species. Radial formula, A. D. 8 ; P. D. 5 ; C. 24 ? ; A. 6 ; V. ? ; P ? C. ELEGANS Newb. Body fusiform, robust, 6 to 8 inches in length. Cranial surface covered with closely approximated tubercles. Surface of opercular and maxillary bones threaded. All the ornamenting of head relatively stronger than in C. robustus, but less so than in C. ornatus. Scales similar in form and mark- ings to those of both these species, but more delicate than either. Anterior dorsal fin slightly in advance of ventrals. Posterior dorsal as much forward of anal fin. ^ Radial formula. A D. 7 ? ; P D. 5 ; C. 22 ; A. 6 ; V. s" PYGOPTERUS Agass. P. scuTELLATUS Newb. Body fusiform, slender, 15 to 18 inches in length. Head depressed. Snout pointed. Both jaws thickly set with conical, slender, acute, striated teeth of unequal size. Scales very small and thick, higher than long. Head and anterior portion of body covered with articulated plates orna- mented with strong, radiating, raised lines. None of my specimens show the form of the caudal tin. This fish presents such striking differences in its scales and plates from all described species of Fygoptcrus, that I have hesitated about jilacing it in that genus. It would seem, however, to have much in common with 1'. Grecnockn Agass., not yet fully described. 1856.] 99 EHiZODUS Owen. R. LANCIFER Ne-wb. Teeth striated below. Section elliptical, smooth toward the summit, where they are very much compressed, with a lenticular section and cutting edge on both sides. Form of summit of tooth like that of a lance head. Near the apex of the tooth the cutting edge of one side is slightly gib- bous, an apparent tendency toward a barbing of the point, as in some species of Lepidosteus. As usually found, the plicated base of the tooth has mostly disappeared, tha solid point alone remaining ; this is about an inch in length. The entire tootb vr&s more than twice that length. R. INCURTC3 Newb. Head massive. Superficial bones strongly tuberculated. Tubercles elongated, vermicular, sometimes becoming elevated lines of aline in breadth, and having a radiated arrangement. Jaws strong, both thickly set with strong ancipital curved teeth. These teeth are striated below, ellipti- cal in section, and toward the summit curved backward toward the throat. The/ are of different sizes, as in all allied fishes. The smaller teeth are 6 to 9 lines ia length and thickly set ; the larger ones are much fewer in number, and more than twice as long. One of the larger teeth is placed near the extremity of the lower dentary bone of each side, as in R. gracilis McCoy. E. AXGCSTU3 Newb. Laniary teeth elongated, slender, finely striated at base, smooth above, with cutting edges. Subordinate teeth half the length of the larger ones. Conical, acute, striated at base, with a circular section throughout, Surface of jaw coarsely tubercled. In this diversity of form in the teeth, this species differs from R. gracilis McCoy and from R. Hihberti Ag., as well as from the other species I have found in Ohio. In R. incurvus N., however, the teeth have a section so nearly circulai: that there seems no good reason for separating them by generic distinctions. Of all the species of Rhizodus, which I have found, I probably have scales and perhaps vertebrae and cranial plates, but as yet have been unable to find thess organs connected with the teeth. DIPLODUS Agass. D. coMPRESscs Newb. Teeth of moderate size, base small. Lateral denticles unequally spreading, compressed, with acute points and strongly crenulated edges. Central denticle very small, acute, compressed, finely ci-enulated on margin. D. GRACILIS Newb. Tooth as large as D. giblosus Agass. Base very small. Lateral denticles long, curved, slender, divergent towards the points, much less compressed than in preceding species, less acute, and less conspicuously crenu- iate on margins. Median denticle small, subulate, scarcely crenulate on margins. D. LATua Newb. Teeth very large and very robust. Lateral denticles nearly etraight, and on the same plane, divergent, J to ^ as broad at base as long, compressed. Each margin strongly crenulated. Sliddle cone obsolete, or re- duced to a simple knob. Base of tooth large, under surface flat. All the specimens of Diplodits from Ohio which have come under my observa- tion, numbering some hundreds, have crenulated margins, in that respect pre- senting a striking difference from the species described by Agassiz. • CLADODUS Agass. C. ACUiiiNATUB Newb. Central denticle elongated, conical, acute ; lateral denticles very acute, compressed. Base small and thin. CniRODUS McCoy. C. ACUTCS Newb. Teeth as long as C. pes-ranx McCoy, but more slender ^.hroughout. Denticles more acute. 100 [Aprie, CLIMAXODUS McCoy. C'. BREvis Newb. Teeth oval, in form, shorter than (y. imSricatits McCioy.. Ridges -which cross the surface more remote, \s-ith sharp crests and sinuous out- line. PLEURACANTHUS Agass. P. BISERIALI3 Newb. Spine straight, strong, t.apering rapidly to a moderately acute termination. Length four inches; diameter at base 4 lines. Anterior face rounded ; posterior face nearly flat. Entire surface finely striated longitu- dinally. Sides flattened, joining posterior surface at right angles. At angle on each side a double I'ow of small, closely set, acuminate, depressed hooks. On the upper part of the spine the hooks are arranged in a single row. Side of spine at base of the hooks marked by a distinct longitudinal furrow. P. ARCtTATUS Newb. Spine- slightly curved backward, rapidly tapering to an acute point. Anterior surface rounded ; posterior face nearly flat. At angle formed b-y the junction of sides with posterior face is, ou each side, a single row of closely set, acuminate, depressed hooks. Anterior, surface marked with fine longitudinal striss. P. DiLATATUS Ncwb. Spine short, robust, one inch six lines long, straight, acuminate at summit, largest near middle, contracted at base. Anterior face rounded ; posterior face flattened, and bearing at the angles on either side a pow of minute depressed hooks. Surface smooth. COMPSAOANTHUS Newb. Spines of small size, very neat in form and finish. Section at all points cir^ cular. A single row of relatively large, remote, depressed hooks is set along the posterior median line. Of this genus I have probably but ono species. C. L^vis Newb. Spine slender, curved, acuminate, having a circular section at all points ; upper two-thirds furnished with a single row of depressed acumi- nated hooks remotely set along median line of posterior surface. On motion of Mr. Cassin, a Committee was appointed to prepare a list of Correspondents for publication. The following compose the Committee : Mr. Cassin, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. Leidj. ELECTION. Dr. E,. A. Penrose and Mr. Wm. H. Patterson, of Philadelphia, were elected Memhers, and Mr. F. B. Meek, of Albany, was elected a Corves^ pondent. 1856.] 101 May Qih, 1856. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Mr. Durand presented for publication in the Journal a paper, enti- tled, " Plautae Kaneanae Arcticae et Polaris. An Enumeration of the Plants collected by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N., in his first and second voyages to the Polar Regions, with descriptions and remarks ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Zautzinger, Bridges, and Uhler. Dr. Hallowell remarked thai the most abundant of the urodeles in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the Plethodon (Desmognathus, Bd.) uiger, which may be said to exist by thousands. It is found under stones fxlong the borders of rivulets near the banks of the Schuylkill, and is very quick in its movements, its capture demanding close attention and much activity. It appears to be endowed with a higher degree of vitality than the other caducibranchiates with which it is associated. Its transformation is sooner effected ; specimens one inch and a half in length, being without gills, while the larvse of Pseudotriton ruber are found more than three inches in length. The Sal.amandra quadrimaculata of Prof. Holbrook is identical with this animal ; the red spots are observed in quite young specimens as well as those more mature, but disappear with age. It is very abundant, a large pi'oportion of the specimens being thus spotted. The urodeles most frequently met with in the neighborhood of Philadelphia after the niger are Pseudotriton ruber and Plethodon erythronotus. The former occurs in the same localities with the niger, but is much less active, though perhaps more tenacious of life. The young are of a bright red color spotted with black ; as age advances the color deepens, resembling Spanish brown (maculata. Green,) and in very old specimens is of an almost purple color ; the younger larvse are white, the older olive colored with dark spots. At the present time, April 28th, 1856, the females of both Plethodon niger and Pseudotriton ruber are distended with eggs,* as many as seventy being counted in the ovaries of the former. They are of a yellow color, about a line in diameter ; none are to be seen in the oviducts ; the number of eggs is not always the same in both ovaries, being sometimes considerably greater in one than the other. The eggs in many of the specimens of Pseudotriton ruber are immature, perfectly white and quite small. In the stomach of one of the latter a large lumbricus was found, in another the remains of a coleopterous insect, and in a third the tail and posterior extremities of a Salamander, proba- bly a young Plethodon niger. Spelerpes (Cylindrosoma, Tsch.) bilineata, is found in the same neighborhood, and also Plethodon erythronotus, the latter under stones, at some distance from the water, associated with Plethodon cinereus. In one specimen the stripe along the back was of a beautiful pink color. Mat/ ISth. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From Mr. F. B. Meek, dated Albany, 10th May, 1856, acknowledging his election as a Correspondent of the Academy. From Mr. Edward Tuckerman, dated Amherst, 3d May, 1856, trans- mitting the collection of Plants acknowledged at the last meeting. From E. Billings, Esq., dated Ottawa, West Canada, 6th May, 1856, *June 26th, females of niger in same condition. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHU, TCI/. VIII., NO. HI. 8 102 [May, transmitting the first numbers of the " Canadian Naturalist and Geolo- gist," and desiring exchange. This letter was referred to the Committee on Proceedings. From Mr. Abraham Sager, dated Ann Harbor, Michigan, 5th May, 185G, transmitting for publication in the Proceedings, a paper, entitled, "Descriptions of Articulata, supposed to be new;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidj, Hallowell, and Bridges. Mr. Isaac Lea presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, •' Descriptions of four New Species of Exotic Uniones ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Wilson and Bridges, and Mr. Hanson. Mr. Charles E. Smith remarked in relation to the specimens of iron ore presented by himself this evening, that the three leading varieties of the ore, known as the Baltimore ore, were shown in the specimens. The bed lies on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, runs parallel with it, and is about fifty miles long. It is of white clay underlying the Eocene deposit. The ore lies in nodules like the brown hasmatite. In the most valuable bed, this ore is associated with large quantities of mineral charcoal, which seems to be always in broken masses. Mr. S. had never seen any traces of plants. There is no other deposit of iron ore in the neighborhood. The iron made from this ore is remarkable for its great strength. Mr. S. considered the deposit as remarkable, being the only one of which he was aware, in which the lithoid carbonate of iron exists out of the coal measures. Ma>/ 20lh. Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair. Dr. Bridges, referring to the specimens of lithoid carbonate of iron exhibited at the last meeting, gave the following as the probable theory of the formation of this ore. Iron pyrites by exposure would be con- verted into a sulphate of the protoxide with some scsquioxide of iron. By contact with lime these oxides would be precipitated, the protoxide rapidly becoming scsquioxide. The contact of organic matter would reduce the se-quioxide again to protoxide, which would combine with the carbonic acid evolved during the fermentation of the organic matter. Mr. Cassin announced the arrival in this country and the presence this evening of the Baron Yon Miiller, who proposes to visit Texas, Mexico, and Central America, and who is desirous of afibrding to the Academy any aid in his power. Dr. Lcidy remarked that he had just returned from a visit to St. Louis, and thought that the members would be gratified to learn that an " Academy of Science " had been organized in that city, whose ob- jects were similar to our own. The Academy commences under the most promising prospects ; and it occupies a highly favorable position in our country for the formation of a cabinet of natural history. It has recently received a large and very valuable collection of fossils, ob- tained by Dr. F. V. Hayden from the region of the Upper Mi.ssouri. 1856.] 103 The collection consists of numerous remains of Mammalia and Chelonia from the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska, a large number of mollusea from the cretaceous beds, and an extensive series of plants from a ter- tiary formation. Dr. C. A. Pope, with his usual liberality, has granted the Academy the use of a large hall furnished with cases, for the pur- poses of a museum, in the Medical College. The president of the Academy, than whom none could be more worthy, is Dr. George Engle- man. In conclusion, Dr L. offered in furtherance of the objects of the new Academy the following : Re$oJic(], That this Academy present to the Academy of Science of St. Louis the second series of the Journal and the Pioceedings. Mr. Lea announced the death of Dr. John C. Warren, of Boston, a Correspondent of the Academy, setat. 79 years. Pr Leidy offered the following resolution which was adopted : Resolved, That the State Medical Society, shortly to hold its session in this city, be invited to visit the Museum of the Academy on the last Wednesday of this month. Mat/ 27th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. The Committee on Mr. Durand's paper, read 6th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committee on Mr. Lea's paper, read 13th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Description of four New Species of Exotic Uniones. By Isaac Lea. Unio Coloradoexsis. Testa Isevi, elliptica, inflata, valde insequilaterali ; val- vulis crassis ; natibus elevatis magnisque ; epidermide luteo-castanca, obscure radiatd et polita ; dentibus cardinalibus niagnis, duplicis, acuminatis crenatu- latisque ; lateralibus magnis prselongis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; raargarita purpurea, et iridescente. Hab. Ilio Colorado, Texas. B. W. Budd, M. D. Unio Ncttalliands. Testa laevi, elliptica, subinflata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide olivacea, eradiata, valde polita; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, rectis, compressis crenulatisque ; lateralibus sub- curtis, subrectis lamellatisque ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. India. Prof. Thomas Nuttall. Unio Cambodiensis. Testa lasvi, elliptica, subinflata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus prominentibus, ad apicem undulatis ; epidermide castanea, eradiata, polita ; dentibus cardinalibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita albS et iridescente. Hab. Takrong river at Korat, Cambodia. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Newcombianus. Testa corrugato-sulcatS, rotundata, subcompressa, inaequilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus elevatis prominentibusquc ; epidermide tenebroso-olivacea, corrugata ; dentibus cardinalibus submagnis, duplicis sub- compressisque ; lateralibus subbrevis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita alba. Hab. Lake Nicaragua. W. Newcomb, M. D. 104 [June, The Report of the Correponding Secretary for the last month was read and adopted. June Zd. Yice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated August 13th, 1855; From the Royal Imperial Geological Institute of Vienna, dated 23d September, 1855 ; From the Seackenberg Natural History Society, dated February, 1856 ; and From George Frauenfeld, dated Vienna, 12tli December, 1855, seve- rally announcing donations. From Prof. Karl Koch, Secretary of the Society for the Advancement of Horticulture, dated Berlin, 6th February, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, transmitting donations, and desiring ex- change. Referred to the Publication Committee. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 15th January, 1856 ; and From the K. L. C. Academy of Sciences of Breslau, dated 30th January, 1856, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceedings. From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated Munich, January 20th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy, and requesting a duplicate set. From the Senckenberg Natural History Society, dated February, 1856, acknowledging donations. From the Academy of Science of St. Louis, dated 24th May, 1856, requesting donations of works on Natural History. Mr. Isaac Lea read a paper, entitled, " Description of thirteen species of Exotic Peristomata ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Corse, and J. A. Meigs. June V)th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. A letter, dated September, 1855, was read from Jas. R. Eckert and Frederick S. Eckert, Executors of the Estate of the late James Read, presenting his herbarium and certain botanical works. A paper was presented for publication in the Journal, entitled, " A Commentary on the 'Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media de- gentium, by L. D. de Schweinitz.' By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., F. L. S., and the Rev. M. A. Curtis, F. A. A. A. S. ;" which was re- ferred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Durand, and Dr. Bridges. 1856.] 105 A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Descriptions of New Species of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Tertiary formations of Nebraska Territory, with some general remarks on the Geology of the country about the sources of the Missouri river. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea, and Mr. Charles E. Smith. Dr. Leidy announced that the skeleton of the AVhite Bear presented by Dr. E. K. Kane, had been mounted and placed in the Museum. Dr. Leidy observed that A. Vogt, a frog and leech catcher, who fre- quently accompanied Dr. Hallowell and himself when in pursuit of ob- jects of Natural History, informed them that the severe cold of the previou.s winter had destroyed great numbers of frogs and turtles. Dr. L. also expressed the opinion that the house-flies were much less nume- rous this season than last ; a fact which he was inclined to attribute to the destruction of their larvaj by the severe and protracted cold of the preceding winter months. Dr. Bridges thought that the shade trees of our city suffered less than usual from the span-worm. On leave granted, Dr. Leidy offered the following, which was unani- mously adopted : Resnhed, That casts in plaster of the skulls of Bootherlum cavifrons and Megaloni/x Jeffersonil, be presented to the Boston Natural History Society, the British Museum, and the Zoological Museums of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and of Berlin, Prussia. June 17th. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Mr. George Gibbs, dated Fort Steilacoom, Washington Territory, May Gth, 1856, acknowledging his election to membership. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of the United States, from specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles Girard, M. D.;" which was referred to a Committee con- sisting of Drs. Wilson and Hallowell, and Mr. Vaux. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, "Ceratites Americanus. By Prof L. Harper, of the University of Mississippi ," which was referred to Dr. Leidy and Messrs. Lea and A. H. Smith. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Examination of the Meteoric Iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico. By W. J. Taylor;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. Yaux, Dr. Genth, and Mr. S. Ashmead. Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper, entitled, " Description of two New Species of Urodeles from Georgia;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Major Lo Conte, and Drs. Bridges and Leidy. 106 [June, Dr. Hnllowell remarked that we had recently received through Mr. Vogt, a large collection of living specimens of Sternothaerus odoratus, Hoib., from the neighborhood of Poiladelphia, more than thirty in number. Many of them present important characteristics not hitherto noticed. The larger as well as a number of the smaller specimens, are of a chocolate brown or olive color above upon the carapax, with numerous black spots, the sternum brown, micgled with yellow ; iris golden ; upper part of head olive, with numerous small dark colored macule ; two yellow vittse, passing one above, the other beneath the eye; barbels in both sexes. The differences between the male and the female are strongly marked, and may be presented as follows : Male. Female. Sternum more narrow and more con- Shorter (J an inch) carapax higher, cave; tail much larger; shell more broader and more oval ; outline of disk depressed, especially in its posterior oval, somewhat compressed at the sides; half; portion of sternum behind ab- snout more acute ; gular plate more dominal plates, more quadrangular in elongated ; anal scutes longer, posterior shape. axillary plates larger. Dimensions. Length of carapax 4J Dimensions. Length of carapax 4 inches (Fr.); breadth at middles inches; inches; breadth 3 inches; length of length of sternum 3 inches; greatest sternum 3 inches 3 lines; greatest breadth breadth 2 inches. 2 inches, 3 lines. Posterior part of sternum slightly moveable in both, much less moveable than the anterior ; both male and female provided with scales upon the posterior part of the hinder extremities ; carapax of both sexes spotted. Habitat. Found abundantly near Philadelphia. Young. Differences between male and female. Male. Female. Carapax of male more tectiform ; Carapax much depressed at its narrow in front, broader posteriorly ; middle ; more rounded at the sides and outline of shell less distinctly oval ; broader anteriorly ; snout of female portion of sternum posterior to ab- more acute; sternum longer; anal scutes dominal plates more quadrangular, tail longer, much larger. Dimensions. Length of carapax 3| Dimensions. Length of carapax 3 inches; greatest breadth 2 inches 7 lines; inches 7 lines; greatest breadth 2 J inch- length of sternum 2 inches, 7 lines ; es; length of sternum 2% inches; greatest greatest breadth 2 inches 5 lines; greatest breadth 2 inches 5 lines; greatest length length of portion of carapax betiind of posterior part of carapax behind ab- abdominal plates i inch 3| lines ; dis- dominal plates 1 inch 1 line ; distance tance between posterior margin of anal between posterior margin of anal scutes scutes and posterior margin of marginal and posterior margin of marginal plates plates 6 lines. 7| lines. Both sexes ash color, brown or olive above, with numerous dark colored spots; sternum yellow, or black, or brown mingled with yellow ; soft parts beneath ash mingled with white, yellowish or reddish mingled with yellow ; head olive colored ; two yellow vitt«, one passing above, the other beneath the eye; iris golden ; barbels in both sexes and scales upon the posterior part of the hinder extremities. Habitat. Same as former ; hybernate in great numbers together, Mr. Vogt having turned out 239 from one hole. They are associated in hybernating with Tropidonotus sipedon and ordinatus, and liana pipiens or Bull frog ; never with the Chelonura serpentina, or snapper, which is always found alone. Younger xpecimens. Shell strongly carinatcd and marked with dark colored radiating lines resembling in form those of Unio radiata ; no spots ; contour of shell in females oval ; specimens 2l inches and 2 lines in length. The varieties indicated above may be described as follows: — Type. Predominating color, dusky ash above, with marblings of yellow, more especially along the sides ; head olive, with a few small yellow spots ; no yellow 1856.] 107 Hoes abore or beneath tbe eyes ; pupil black ; iris golden ; sternum black, seve- ral of the plates tipped with yellowish; marginal scutes narrow, except the tcur posterior, which are broad " (Adult.) In younger specimens the yellow lines above and below the eyes are manifest ; shell ash, spotted with black ; sternum yellow, mingled with black, sometimas without spots; very young specimens with radiating lines of black upon the carapax ; length of shell 3 inches 10 lines. Var. a. Carapax olive, with numerous black spots; posterior terminal mar- ginal plates larger than the others ; an orange-colored line above and one below the eyes ; iris golden ; sternum yellow and black mingled ; soft parts ash colored, with a tinge of red and yellow ; younger specimens presenting the same general anpearance; shell inclining to brown above; sternum yellow. (K. guttatum, LeConte.) Length of shell 3 inches 1 linea. Var. /?. Shell dark Spanish brown above, with numerous dark colored spots : sternum black, mingled with yellow; soft parts greyish. Length of shell 4 inches 4 lines. The Kinosternum guttatum of Major LeConte appears to be a variety of Staurotypus odoratus, var. «. Dr. Holbrook's plate represents a young ash- colored 'eraale. Schoepfs figure is also that of a female more advanced but not full V grown. (Tab. 24, ^.) Hist. Testudinum. Erlang.Te, 17 52.* We believe Dumeril and Bibron to be right in putting the animal above de- scribed in the genus Staurotypus. Cinosternon penusylvanicum differs from Staurotypus odoratus in the much greater mobility of the posterior portion of the sternum, the animal being able to close itself up, almost like a box tortoise, in the greater extent therefore to which the sternum covers the ventral surface, in the marked differences in the shape of the sternal scutes, which, with the exception of the abdominal, are more or less triangular in penusylvanicum, in the larger size of the inguinal plates, in the shape and coloration of the head, in the form and arrangement of the posterior marginal plates, and in the configuration of the carapax. Staurotypusf belongs to the family of Elodites of Dum. and Bib., orPaludine Turtles, which are placed immediately after the Chersites or Land Tortoise?. These are subdivided into two subfamilies— the Cryptoderes and Pleumderes — the first having the power of withdrawing the neck under the middle of the cara- pax. It comprises seven genera, viz. : Cistuda, Emys, Tetronyx, Platysternon, Emysaurus, Staurotypus and Cinosternon. The second sub-family, or that of the Pleuroderes, which have the power of vs-ithdrawing the neck to one of the sides of the anterior opening of the carapax, and never completely between the arms and under the middle of the carapax, as in the Cryptoderes. comprises also seven genera, viz., PeltocephaUis, Poducne- mis, Pentonyx, Sternothcerus, Platemys, Chelodina, Chelys. It will be observed, therefore, that Staurotypus and Sternotbferus belong to different subfamilies, for which reason we prffcr to designate this animal as Dumeril and Bibron have done by Wagler's name of Staurotypus, the latter being a Cryptodere ; besides, Sterno- thaerus has no nnchal plate, and is destitute of axillary and inguinal plates. The marginal scutes are 24 in number. The sternum is not cruciform, as in Staurotypus, the anterior valve (the only one) and the abdominal plates en- closing the animal leaving the posterior parts more or less exposed, the poste- rior part of the sternum being immoveable, or nearly so, as in Staurotypus. Dumeril and Bibron also point out an anatomical difference of importance be- tween the Cryptoderes and Pleuroderes, viz., that in the latter the pelvis is solidly fixed to both the sternum and carapax ; whereas, in the former, it is " articulated to the internal face of the carapax by a cartilaginous symphisis, corresponding to the sacral bone, being entirely free towards the sternum, permitting several of * Mr. Gray, Major LeConte and the Prince de Canino, place it in Cinosternon ; Prof. Holbrook and Mr. Bell, in Sternothaerus. flTavpo;, cross, and rvm, type — sternum cruciform. 108 [June, these Cheloniana to move slightly this portion of their bony apparatus." The celeorated authors above mentioned describe but two species of Staurotypus, viz., triporcatus and odoratus. Of the former we have a specimen from the river Medelin, in Mexico, the carapax of which, measures 1 1 inches (Fr.) in length and 7 in breadth, being much largerthan the specimen in the Jardin des Plantes. The sternum is cruciform and has but 7 plates, there being eleven in odoratus. but when we consider that these animals correspond in the shape of the head, the general configuration of the shell, and the form of the sternum, these differ- ences may be considered specific, and not generic. The following are the cha- racters of Staurotypus, Cinosternon and Siernothaerus, as given by Dumeril and Bibron, (Tome 11, pp. 354, 361 and 396.) Sub-Fam. CRYPTODERIDJa. Gen. Stadrotypus, Wagler. Head subquadrangular, pyramidal, covered in front by a single, very thia plate; jaws more or less hooked ; barbels under the chin ; 23 marginal scutes ; sternum thick, crwq/brw*, moveable m front, provided with eight or eleven scuta ; the axillary and inguinal plates contiguous, placed upon the sterno-costal su- tures ; anterior feet with five nails, posterior with four only. Two species. Cinosternon, Wagler. Head subquadrangular, pyramidal ; a single rhomboidal plate upon the cra- nium ; jaws slightly booked ; barbels under the chin ; scales of the shell slightly Imbricated ; 23 marginal scutes ; sternum oval, moveable in front and posteriorly upon a fixed piece, provided with eleven scales, with short, narrow, subhorizon- tal wings ; a very large axillary, an inguinal still larger ; tail long, (in the males,) unguiculated. (Staurotypus with a larger sternum, and the posterior part of the sternum movable.) Three species. Sub-Fam. PLEURODERIDiE. Gen. Sternoth^rus, Bell. Head depressed, provided with plates ; jaws not denticulated ; no nuchal plate : sternum large, with very narrow lateral prolongations; anterior portion of the plastron rounded, woveaiZg ,- five nails to each extremity. (Three species, all from Madagascar, We have three shells of this genus from W. Africa.) Oq leave granted, Dr. Le Conte offered the following, which was unanimously adopted: RemJved, That a special vote of thanks be presented by the Academy to Dr. E. K. Kace, tj. S. Navy, for his numerous and valuable dona- tions to the Museum of the Academy. June 2i(h. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Committee on Messrs. Berkeley and Curtis' paper, read 10th inst. reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committees on Mr. Sager's paper, read May 13th; on Mr. Lea's paper, read June 3d; on Messrs. Meek & Ilayden's paper, read 10th inst. ; on Prof. Harper's paper, read 17th inst. ; and on Mr. Taylor's and Dr. Hallowell's papers, read same date, severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. 1856.] 109 Descriptions of three Myriapoda. By Ab. Sager. CRASPEDOSOMAD^, Gray. Gen. Reasia ? Gr. Sp. R. SPiNOSA, Nob. Body consists of sixty or sixty-one segments, exclusive of tbe head and ultimate bivalve scale. Segments all maiked with sharp longi- tudiaal ridges, the size of which vary considerably. On each side and between the mesial line and stigmata, are seven nearly equal ridges, that border the mesial line somewhat lower than the rest. On the sides are three larger ones terminated with spines, between which there are two smaller and spineless ones; the superior spinous ridge is semi-double and connected with the stigmata ; below these are nine or ten smaller ridges, gradually diminishing as they ap- proach the basis of the feet ; anterior and posterior segments about equal to the adjoining ones, head glabrous; eyes a black triangular patch at the outer base of the antennas ; body cylindrical, chesnut brown, with a paler dorsal line covering the two dorsal ridges, and a pale lateral line covering the series of the stigmata; feet and antennae rufous. Differs from the Reasia of Gray in eyes, in a triangular instead of a linear spot, and from the Cylindrosoma of the same author in the distinctness of the ridges and not having a reniform eye spot. Nearly allied to the Julus lactarius of Say. Gen. Stenonia, Gr. Sp. S. HispiDA, Nob. Body composed of seventeen double segments, dis- tincly divided on the dorsal mesial line. Body depressed, margins of segments quite prominent and curved forwards near the head, in the middle and poste- riorly transverse or curved slightly backwards. Surface of each segment covered with five rows of distinct tubercles, arranged somewhat in quincuncial order. From the direction of the tubercles the lateral and posterior margins of each segment appear serrated. First cervical segment smaller than the next, rounded anteriorly, straight and narrower behind, and obliquely truncated on the sides. The posterior segment about equal to the next in length, is triangular, the apex armed with a stiff hair. Color pale red above, feet and ventral surface flesh colored. Length &'". Under decayed logs. Gen. Strigamia, Gr. Sp. S. FULTA, Nob. Body somewhat depressed, slightly narrowed towards the extremities, smooth above, rough and villous on the sides and beneath ; feet hairy ; posterior pair equal in length and twice as large as the next; antennal segments obconical, except the last, which is elliptical, and as long as the two preceding ones. Alternate dorsal scutje form a slight, obtuse, lateral process. Color fulvous above, fawn colored on the sides and beneath. Approximates closely to the Geophilus rubens of Say. Description of Thirteen New Species of Exotic Peristomata. By Isaac Lea. Paludina Hainesiana. Testa ventricoso-conoidea, subglobosa, ponderosa. solida, viridi-palida, arctissime umbilicata, Itevi ; spira obtusa, ad apicem carnca ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus senis, couvexis, ultimo amplo ; apertura magna, subrotundata, intus albida ; columella, alba, crassa, incurvata. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M.D. Paludina umbilicata. Tcsti carinata, obtuse conoidea, viridi-brunea, sub- tenui, umbilicata, Isevi ; spira obtusa, babylonica ; suturis linearibus ; anfractibus senis, carinatis, superne planulatis ; apertura subrotundata, intus albida ; um- bilico spiraliter carinato ; columella incurvata. Hab. Takrong River, Siam. W. A. Haines. 110 ' [JUxNE, Palcdin'a CHiNEXSis. Tcsta carinata, pyramidata, rufo-castaned, subcrassa, arctissime umbilicata, striata ; spira elevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus sep- tenis, planulatis, in medio carinatis, superne geniculata ; apertura subrotunda, incurvata ; labro angulato. Hab. China. W. A. Haines. Palcdika Swainsoniana. Testa globosa, subsolida, tenebroso-viridi, arctis- sime umbilicata, laevi ; spira obtiisa ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, convexis ; apertura rotundata, intus albida. Hab. Siam. T. R. Ingalls, M.D. Paludi.va Ingallsiana. Testa carinata, obtuse conoidea, tenebroso-viridi, tenui, umbilicata, nitida; spira obtusa ; suturis linearibus, anfractibus senis, subplanulatis, minutissime et transverse striatis; apertura rotundato-elliptica, inferne subangulata, intus coeruleo-alba. Hab. Siam. T. R. Ingalls, M.D. BiTHiNiA SiAMEXSis. Tcsta ovato-concoidea, palido-olivacea, tenui, diaphana, nitida, Isevi, arctissime umbilicata ; spira subelevata ; suturis linearibus ; anfrac- tibus instar senis, convexis ; apertura ovato-rotundata, incrassata, superne an- gulata, intus albida. Operculo calcareo, extrinseciis striis concentricis, intus granulato. Hab. Takrong River, Siam. S. R. House, M.D. BiTnixiA GLOBULA. Tcsta globosa, palido-olivacea, tenui, diaphana, lasvi ; imperforata ; spira depressa, ad apice obtusa ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus ([uatcrnis, ventricosis ; apertura rotundata, incrassata, subrefiexa, superne angu- lata, intus albida ; columella incrassata. Operculo calcareo laevi, marginata. Hab. India. W. A. Haines. Paludomus maculata. Testa ovato-conica, virido-lutea, brunneo-maculata, crassa, imperforata, lasvi ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, convexis : apertura subrotunda, intus alba ; columella per alba, callosa. Hab. Ahmednugger, India. S. ShurtlefF, M.D. Ampullaria aurostoma. Testa subglobosa, lutea, transversim vittata, crassa, arete perforata, laevi ; spira obtusa ; suturis vix profuudis ; anfractibus instar senis, convexis ; apertura rotundo-elliptica, subreflexa, intus aurantia et obsolete vittata ; umbilico arete compresso ; columella crassa. Operculo corneo, pellucido. subtriangulari. Hab. Carthagena. Col. Totten, J. C. Troutwine, Esq. Ampullaria tub.eformis. Testa elongato-globosa, tenebroso-fusca, trans- versim vittata, tenui, pellucida, late umbilicata, la'vi ; spira emersa ; suturis valde profundis ; anfractibus instar quinis, valde convexis; apertura magna, subrotunda, dilatata, luteo-albida, intus brunneo-vittata ; umbilico magno ; co- lumella subcallosa. Hab. ? M. Burrough, M.D. Ampullaria gracili.s. Testa regulariter elliptica, luteo-olivacea, transversim l)ervittata, subtenui, arete umbilicata, IjBVi, nitida ; spira emersa; suturis jiaulis- jjer impressis ; anfractibus instar senis, subconvexis ; apertura ovata, intus tene- l)roso-brunnea et obsolete vittata; labio acuto ; umbilico acte compresso ; colu- mella lavi. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M.D. Ampullaria turbinis. Testa turliinata, luteo-viridi, transversim vittata, sub- crassa, imperforata, lievi ; spira valde depressa ; suturis paulisper impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis. valde convexis ; aj>ertura pergrandi, elongato-ovata, vel alba vel lutea, intus vittata ; labio acuto ; columella valde incurvata, incras- sata. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M.D. 1856.] Ill AssiMiXEA CARiXATA. Testa regulariter conica, lutea, viltata, subpras?a iim- biliciita, l;evi ; spira ad apicem acuta ; suturis paulisper impressis, infra liaeatis ; anfractibns instar septenis, planulatis ; apertura elliptica, subcanuliculata, intus vittata; unibilico spiraliter carinato ; columella incurvataad basim subangulata. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M.D. Descriptions of Km- Species of Acephala and Gasteropoda, from the Tertiary forma- tions of Nebraska Terrilor;/, nith some general remarks on the Geology of the country about the sources of the Missouri River. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hatden, M. D. That portion of the great Tertiary basin from which the fossils described in the following paper were obtained, occupies an extensive area of country near the head waters of the Missouri, chiefly between the 46th and 49th parallels of north latitude, and the 100th, and 108th degree of longitude west from Green- wich. According to the Barometrical measurements made by the party charged with the exploration of the proposed northern route of the Pacific railroad, this district varies in its elevation from 1800 to 2700 feet above the present flow of the tidal wave.* In regard to the geographical, topographical, and physical features of this country, its native tribes, its botany, zoology, &c., much interesting information was long since laid before the public by the reports of Lewis and Clark's and Long's expeditions, by Mr. Catlin, the Prince of New Wied, Mr. Nuttall and others. More recently, much information of a similar nature has been added by the report of the Pacific Railroad Survey. All these enterprising travellers mention the occurrence of sandstones, clays, lignite, -ht valve sub-trigonal, rather compressed, obliquely sub-truncate from the beaks toward both extremities, the slopes diverging at an angle of about 82° ; basal margin rounding up in front, straight towards the posterior ; beaks small, much elevated, and placed a little in advance of the middle; surface ornament- ed by five or six strong, elevated, concentric folds, otherwise apparently smooth. Length -32 inch; breadth •IS inch; height ^27 inch. The left valve of this species is yet unknown to us. Locality and position. Same as last. 1856.] 117 CORBOLA MACTRIFORMIS. Shell subtriangular, scarcely ventricose ; right valve a little larger, thicker and more gibbous than the left ; extremities narrowly rounded ; posterior end longer than the anterior, slightly truncate at the extremity, and having an ob- tuse ridge passing from the beaks obliquely backwards to the lower posterior edge ; base semi-ovate, most prominent in advance of the middle ; beaks con- siderably elevated, pointed, incurved, and directed forward ; surface marked with fine linis of growth. Length -64 inch ; breadth about -33 inch ; height -50 inch. The tooth of the right valve is thick, and located immediately under the beaks, while that of the left is flattened, and placed a little behind them. The lateral edges of the cardinal border of the left valve, as well as its basal margin, which are sharp and prominent, fit into a distinct groove in the edge of the opposite valve. The muscular impressions are indistinct, and the sinus of the palleal impression triangular, very broad and shallow. Locality. Fort Clark, where it is associated with Melania, Paludina, &c. UnIO PRISCU9. Shell ovate, rather compressed, very thin and fragile ; anterior extremity short, rounded ; posterior end narrower, contracting with a regular curve from above, and having at the extremity below a very oi)tusely rounded angle ; car- dinal border broadly arcuate ; basal margin nearly straight behind the middle, rounding up in front ; beaks very small, rising little above the hinge, located about one-sixth the entire length of the shell behind the front, and ornamented, with small regular concentric wrinkles ; surface of other portions of the shell smooth, or only marked with fine lines of growth. Length 2-78 inches; breadth unknown ; height 1-63 inches. Has much the aspect externally of an Anodonia, but a fragment in our collec- tion shows enough of the hinge to prove it to be a [fmo, without exhibiting the details of the teeth. Judging from the beaks, young specimens not more than half an inch in length must be beautifully ornamented with regular concentric wrinkles. It is usually found in a crushed condition between the laminae of clay. Locality. Yellowstone River, forty miles above the mouth. BULIMUS ? TERES. Shell small, sinistral, much elongated, terete; volutions ten to ten and a half, narrow, closely wound, and increasing very gradually from the apex, slightly convex near the summit of the spire, but flattened lower down ; suture very faintly impressed between the lower volutions, but becoming more distinct to- wards the apex; surface marked with fine, regular lines of growth, passing straight across the whorls at right angles to the suture ; aperture ovate, acutely angular above, rounded below ; lip thin. Length -76 inch ; breadth -19 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, divergence 18°. A few dextral shells were found associated with the above, which, as far as we have been able to see, differ from them in no other respect. It is possible, however, they may belong to a distinct species, though we are now inclined to regard them as merely a variety of the same. This and the following species are evidently closely related to a shell described by M. Matheron, from the Ter- tiary lignites near the mouth of the Rhone, south-east of France. (See Melania acicula, p. 219, pi. 36, fig. 25; Catalogue Methodiqve, &c.) Like some of ours, his is a sinistrnl shell, and has much the same general appearance, but it is even more elongated, and has nearly twice as many volutions. We doubt very much the propriety of referring such forms to the genus Melania, as they appear to us to have much more the aspect of land shells. Unfortunately all our 'specimens have the aperture more or less broken or distorted, as was the case with those .studied by M. Matheron. The spire looks very like Clausilia, but the aperture was evidently more like Bulimus or Achatina. It is not improbable they may 9 118 [June, form a distinct group, holding an intermediate position between Clausilia and Bulimus. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Bulimus? vermiculus. Shell small, sinistral, greatly elongated, cylindrical ; volutions about thirteen, narrow, closely wound, increasing very gradually from the apex, somewhat con- vex near the summit of the spire, but flattened lower down; suture very faintly impressed between the lower volutions, but becoming more distinct above ; sur- face marked with fine regular lines of growth passing straight across the whorls at right angles to the suture ; aperture unknown. Length about -60 inch ; breadth -13 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, divergence 13°. This is very near the last, and may be only a variety of the same. It diflFers, however, in being more nearly cylindrical in form; the volutions are more nu- merous, more closely wound, and do not increase so rapidly from the apex, while the suture is less oblique, especially between the lower volutions. Locality and position. Same as last. BOUMUS LIMNEAFOKMIS. Shell narrow ovate, rather thick ; spire conical, obtuse at the apex ; volutions five to five and a half, convex ; suture distinct ; surface marked with faint lines of growth ; aperture ovate, angular above, rounded below ; outer lip apparently a little obtuse, or abruptly bevelled ; inner lip very thin on the body whorl above, thicker and slightly reflexed below; columella regularly curved. Length -42 inch; breadth -ZO inch; length of aperture -20 inch, breadth of do. -10 inch; apical angle co'^vex, divergence 38°. From the same locality and position we have a single specimen agreeing in .all respects with the above, excepting that the volutions are much flatter and the suture less distinct. Thi.s may be another species, but without seeing more specimens we are unable to satisfy ourselves it is not a variety of the same. Locality. Fort Clark. Bulimus Nebrasce.nsis. Shell ovate ; spire rather short, conical, obtuse at the apex ; volutions four and a half, convex ; suture distinctly impressed; surface polished and marked with nearly obsolete lines of growth ; outer lip apparently sharp ; inner lip very thin above, thicker and slightly reflexed below; aperture narrow ovate, acutely angular above, somewhat narrowly rounded below. Length -27 inch ; breadth •13 inch; length of aperture 15 inch, breadth of do. "07 inch; apical angle con- vex, divergence 47°. It is possible this may be only a variety of the last, which it resembles in many respects. It differs, however, in being a relatively thinner shell, has one whorl less, the spire is comparatively shorter, and the apical angle is considerably greater. Locality and position. Same as last. Pdpa helicoides. Shell very Stnall, oval or ovate; spire moderately elevated, apparently obtuse at the point ; volutions five, convex, increasing gradually from the a{)ex ; surface marked with strong lines of growth, which cross the whorls obliquely; suture distinctly impressed ; aperture very oblique, subcircular, rounded on the lower and outer sides, nearly straight next the body whorl ; lip slightly reflexed ; um- bilicus quite small. Length -12 inch; breadth -08 inch ; length of aperture '05 inch, breadth of do. .04 inch. So far as we have been able to see from examining distorted specimens of this species, it is without teeth. In this, as well as in many other respects, it appears to have been very much like the recent P. simplex ((jould,) but is about 1856.] 110 three times as larjre, and differs in having stronger and more elevated lines of growth. It may be an elevated Helix. Loolity. Three miles above Fort Union. LiMNiEA TENUICOSTA. Shell small, turritcd, very slender ; spire acutely elevated ; volutions four to four and a half, vertically flattened, (or slightly convex,) increasing rapidly in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shell, and, each so much smaller than the succeeding one below it, as to form a shoulder or offset at the suture ; surface ornamented by sharply elevated, equidistant, linear folds parallel to the minute lines of growth ; suture very oblique, rather strongly impressed ; aper- ture unkiown. Length -29 inch ; breadth -08 inch ; apical angle regular, di- vergence about 26°. Thid exceedingly slender, delicate little Limnea, is not apt to be confounded with any other fossil or recent species with which we are acquainted. Its at- tenuated form, vertically flattened whorls, and peculiar liucar folds, are charac- ters by which it will be easily identified. None of our specimens show the aperture, though it must be narrow, and a little shorter than the spire. It is a very rare shell. LocaUly. Three miles below Fort Union. PllYSA LONGIUSCULA. Shell elongate ovate ; spire slender, rathir elevated, acute at the apex; whorl." about six, flattened or slightly convex ; suture not very distinct ; surface marked with fine, straight, nearly obsolete lines of growth, which cross the whorls at right angles to the suture ; aperture apparently narrow ; outer lip meeting the body whorl at an acute angle above. Length -59 inch ; breadth -27 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 43°. Our specimens are too imperfect to show the exact form of the aperture, though it appears to have been narrow, very acutely angular above, and nar- rowly rounded below. The lines of growth are faint, and the substance of the shell thin. This species quite closely resembles some varieties of /'. hyjmoritm (Lin.,) but the body volution is relatively wider, the spire somewhat less ele- vated, and the aperture narrower. Locality. Three miles above Fort Union. Physa rhomboidea. Shell small, oval, narrowing abruptly from the middle toward.s both extremi- ties ; spire rather short, conical, pointed ; volutions four and a half, slighth' con- vex, last one large, but scarcely ventricose ; surface marked with fine lines of growth; suture distinct; aperture narrow, acutely angular above, narrowly rounded below ; inner lip closely spread upon the body whorl above, and form- ing a fold below the deeply impressed umbilical region. Length -26 inch ; breadth -10 inch ; length of aperture -15 inch, breadth of do. -07 inch ; apical angle nearly regular, divergence .")7°' The smaller size, less elongated form and shorter spire, will serve to distin- guish this species from the last. From the same bed we have a few other speci- mens, which have a relatively wider and more oblique aperture, and a more ventricose body whorl, but they are so nearly identical in other respects with this, that we can only regard them as a variety of the same. Locality and position. Same as last. Phtsa Nebrascensis. Shell large, ovate, thin ; spire rather short; whorls about five, flattened or slightly convex; suture very oblique, not strongly impressed; surface marked with coarse lines of growth ; aperture narrow, acutelj' angular above, narrowly rounded below ; columella impressed in the umbilical region, and having a kind 120 [June, of fold at its junction with the outer lip below. Length about 1 inch ; breadth •57 inch; length of aperture -55 inch, breadth of do. -26 inch. It is probable the above description will have to be modified somewhat, when perfect specimens are obtained, as all those we have seen are more or less broken. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Physa subelongata. Shell elongate ovate ; spire elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions about six and a half, nearly flat ; suture oblique, linear, scarcely distinct ; surface faintly marked with lines of growth ; aperture unknown ; columella twisted into a kind of fold below the impressed umbilical region. Length M6 inches ; breadth -53 inch; length of aperture about -57 inch ; apical angle very convex, divergence 49°. . ^ This Phijsa belongs to the same type as two or three elongated species de- scribed by Matherou, from the Great Lignite formations of the south of France, {Catalogue Methodique, &c., pi. 36.) It differs, however, from his P. Gardanensis, which it most neirly resembles, in having much flatter volutions, a le-s dis- tinctly impressed suture, and relatively smaller body whorl. Our specimen is so much broken and worn, that if there were other markings than those pre- served they would have been obliterated. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. Planorbis scbumbilicatus. Shell very small, subdiscoidal ; spire flat ; volutions two and a half to three, nearly cylindrical ; surface marked with very fine, rather indistinct lines of growth ; sutures strongly defined ; umbilicus large, showing the volutions to the apex; aperture round or obliquely a little ovaL Larger diameter -13 inch; smaller do. -14 inch. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Planorbis convoldtus. Shell large, discoidal, nearly equally concave, and exhibiting all the whorls on both sides ; volutions slightly embracing, very strongly separated by the sutures, more broadly rounded on the right than on the left side ; surface (of cast) having faint undulations parallel to the obsolete lines of growth, which pass round very obliquely forward from the right to the left ; aperture ovate, nar- rower on the left than the right side, slightly concave witliin, for the reception of the succeeding whorl ; right lip projecting considerably beyond the left. Greater diameter 1.01 inch; smaller do. .32 inch. In its general appearance this species approaches P. rotundatus of Brong., but is much less compressed. It differs also in the form of the aperture, wliich is wider than high, while that of P. rotundatus is higher than wide (See Dcshays' Coq. foss. pi. 9, fig. 7 and 8.) Locality. Little Horn river. Vblletia (Ancylits) minuta. Shell minute, ovate or elliptical-pattiform, exceedingly thin and fragile ; ex- tremities rounded ; anterior end apparently a little wider than the posterior ; apex moderately elevated, obtuse, nearer the posterior end than the middle, turned to the left ; front slope convex ; posterior and postcro-sinistral slopes concave, dextral convex ; surface marked with fine concentric striaj. Length .08 inch ; breadth .06 inch ; height .03 inch. Resembles VcUetia eleyans of Edwards, {Ancylus elegans of Sowerby, Min. Conch, pi. 533) but is much smaller, and wants the radiating striae of that species. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. PaLUDINA MULTILINEATA. Shell conical-ovate, rather thin ; spire elevated ; volutions six to six and a half, rounded convex, increasing gradually from the apex ; suture strongly im- 1856.] 121 pressed ; surface ornameuted by more or less distinct lines of growth, which are crossed by numerous small, thread-like, revolving lines ; aperture comparatively small, obliquely-ovate ; inner lip thin and retiexed below so as to partly cover the small umbilical perforation. Length 1 inch ; breadth .71 inch ; length of aperture .47 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 54 to 60°. Sometimes the lower volution, which generally forms less than half the entire length of the shell, is slightly flattened above the middle, so as to leave an ob- scure angle a little below the suture. On the upper half of the volutions the revolving lines are separated bj' spaces from two to five times their width, but decrease in size and become closely crowded on the lower part of the last whorl, excepting near the umbilicus, where they are again stronger, more distant, and minutely flexuous. On worn specimens the revolving lines are often obscure. Locality . Fort Clark. Paludina vetula. Shell conical-ovate, not very thick ; spire relatively small, moderately elevated; volutions about five and a half, convex, narrow, increasing gradually from the apex, last one large and ventricose ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which are crossed by obscure revolving lines ; suture strongly impressed, very slightly oblique ; aperture narrow ovate ; umbilical perforation closed or very small. Length about .81 inch ; breadth .60 inch ; length of aperture .40 inch ; breadth of do. .24 inch ; apical angle nearly regular, divergence 60°. Associated with this species a few specimens about one third larger were found, which have a more elevated spire, in consequence of which the divergence of the apical angle is some four or five degrees less. The revolving lines also ap- pear stronger. It is very difficult to determine, without a larger number of in- dividuals in a better state of preservation, whether they are a variety of this species or whether they may not be identical Avith the last. It is even possible a more extensive collection may prove both these to be only varieties of the last, though as we now see them, they present quite a different aspect, especially the smaller variety, which has a more slender and much less elevated spire, with more depressed whorls, smaller umbilical perforation, and much less distinct re- volving lines. The body whorl is also relatively larger and much more extended below. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. Paludina Leai. Shell conical-ovate, oblique ; spire not much elevated, pointed at the apex ; volutions five and a half to six, convex, sometimes ventricose, last one obscurely angular below the middle ; suture well defined ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which are crossed by extremelj' fine, nearly obsolete revolving striae, and at regular intervals by revolving rows of minute, shallow puuctaj ; aperture broad ovate, obtusely angular above, rounded below ; outer lip thin ; inner lip thin above, thicker and slightly reflexed below the small umbilical pit ; columella deeply arcuate. Length .97 inch ; breadth .75 inch ; length of aperture .47 inch ; breadth of do. .40 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 65° to 80°. This shell varies so greatly in the elevation of its spire, and the divergence of its apical angle, that its varieties might be mistaken for three or four distinct species. We have satisfied ourselves, however, by examining a large number of specimens, that all these varieties are connected by a regular series of interme- diate forms. In some individuals the upper volutions are slightly flattened on top immediately below the suture, in others they are rounded convex, while in a few instances all the whorls are more or less depressed, so as to give the shell a subtrochiform aspect. Generally the fine revolving stri.'e and rows of minute punctae are nearly obsolete, and they are never visible without the aid of a good lens. It is an interesting fact that this species is so nearly allied, both in form and surface markings, to a Paludina now inhabiting the streams of Southern Asia, (P. Bengalensis, of Lea) as to give rise to a doubt whether or not they really are 122 [June, distinct. By comparison, however, with authentic specimens of the latter in the r.abinet of Dr. Lea, at Philadelphia, we find his species is generally larger and slightly more elongated than ours, and the body volution more rounded and Isss extended below. We name this species after Dr. Isaac Lea, the well known conchologist. who first made known one of its nearest living representatives. Locality. Fort Union. Paludina retcsa. Shell obliquely obovate ; spire depressed conical, obtuse at the apex ; volutions four and a half to five, convex, last one large, obliquely depressed above, and obscurely angular below ; suture well defined ; surface marked with distinct oblique lines of growth, and faint traces of extremely fine revolving striae; aperture (broad ovate?) obtusely angular above, rounded below; pillar lip thin above, thicker and closely folded back upon the deeply arcuate columella below. Length .84 inch ; breadth .64 inch ; apicial angle very convex, diver- gence about 90°. It is barely possible this may be one of the extreme varieties of the last ; it differs however from any of the forms we have considered referable to that species, in having a much less elevated and more obtuse spire. The lines of growth also pass round the volutions much more obliquely, and the body volu- tion is relatively larger. None of our specimens have the aperture entire. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Paludina Conradi. Shell elongate-trochiform, thick ; spire ra her elevated, acute at the apex; volu ions apparenily about six, flat, last one more or less aiigular below the middle, and obliquely extended below ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, crossed by delicate, nearly obsolete, revolvii)g Hoes ; su'urf linear ; fpt-rture sub- circular, or broad ovate, obtusely angular «bove, (broadly rounded below?); columella profoundly depressed in the umtiilical region ; umbilicus none. Lergih about 1 inch ; breadth -70 inch ; length of aperture -44 inch ; apical angle slight- ly convex, divergence 54°. In young specimens the angle on the lower part of the body whorl is quite dis- tinct, and modifies the form of the aperture, but is more obscure in older s^.ells. Like F. Leui (of this paper), this species mIso has its near living representatives amongst Asiaiic species, of which . Fru'CU'Ci (Turbo Francisci of Wood.) is an example. We nnme it in honor of Mr. T. A. Conrad, of Trenton New Jersey. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. PaLDOINA PECtJLI»RIS. Shell trochiform, rather thin, oblique ; spire conical, acute at apex; volutions (five and a halt?) flat'ened convex, last one distinctly angular a lit'Ie below the middle ; surface marked with fine, rntber indis'inct lines of growth, crossed by nearly obsolete, exceedingly fine revolving siriaj ; suture moderatel.- dtfiued; aperture round ovate, or sub-quadrate. Our specimens of this species are imperfect at both extremities ; some of them have H breadth < f 53 inch, and indicate a length of about -70 inch The apical angle of a specimen consisting of the lower two wborls is 47°; but as it was probably greater near the apex, the mean may have been as great as 50°. la form and general appearance it is very much like the last, and may possibly prove to be onl a variety ol that species; it is, however, a thinner shell, and the volutions are mrjre can vex. Locality. Fort Claik. Paludina trochiformis. Shell trochiform, thin ; spire conical, pointed at the apex ; volutions five and a half to t-ix, nearly flat, and ornamented l>y tw o slightly elevated rcvolvintr riitges; last whorl siroi glj anpular below the middle ; i-tirf>ice marked with ver^ fine lines of grow th, and exceedingly slender, raised, revolving lines ; suture linear, scarce- 1856.] 123 . l7 distinct ; aperture sub-qaadrate, or rounded ovate, more angular above, broad- ly rounded below; lip thin, reflexed on the columi-Uar side below, but leaving a ama!l umbilical groove; columella strongly arcuate. Length -80 inch ; breadth •73 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 73° to 77°. This interesting shell is so unlike the usual forms of Paludina, that we would have referred it to that genus with much doubt, had it not been for the fact that we have from the same bed some intermediate gradations between it and the usual typical forms of the genus. One of these, F. Leidi/i of this paper must be (judging from the upper volutions,) in its young state, almost exactly like this, both in form and surface markings, yet at maturity, its last volution loses almost entirely the angular outline characterizing this species at all stages of its growth. We have seen fragments of this species indicating a size at least three times as great as that of the specimen from which the above measurements were taken. P. cingulata of Matheron (see Catalogue Methodiqve, &c., p. 223,) from the Lignite formations near the mouth of the Rhone, resembles this more than any fossil species with which we are acquiinted, but differs in the surface markings. Amongst recent species it has two or three closely allied representatives, now in- habiting the rivers of China and Siam, of which P. pyrimidata (Phillippi) is an example. Locally. Ten miles below Fort Union. PALroiNA Leidyi. Shell very large, conical-ovate, oblique, thin ; spire elevated ; upper volutions flattened, and ornamented by two indistinct revolving ridges; lower ones more rounded, last rather veutri -ose. and obscurely angular below ; suture linear and scarcely distinct above, but well defined between the lower whorls; surface marked with distinct lines of growth, crossed by very fine, elevated revolving lines, generally obsolete on the lower volutions; aperture apparently ovate; in- ner lip spread upon the body whorl, but leaving partly uncovered a small, deep, oblique umbilical pit. Length about 1 86 inches; breadth 1'32 inches; apical angle convex, divergence 65°. The most remarkable features about this fine" Paludina, are is large size, and the peculiirity of having the lower volutions smoothly rounded, or more or less convex, while' those nearest the apex are flattened and ornamented by two ob- scure revolving ridges. The angle on the lower part of the last whorl is very obscure near the aperture, but becomes more distinct higher up, and must be quite conspicuous on young shells. Unfortunately we have no specimens with the aperture entire. Our best specimen consists of four volutions, aud judging from the appearance of the broken apex, it must have had about two more. We name this species after Prof Joseph Leidy, of the University of Pennsyl- vania. Locali'ij. Ten miles below Fort Union. Valvata parvdla. Shell very small, much depressed or subdiscoidal ; spire rising little above the body whorl ; volutions about three, nearly cylindrical, and having near the middle, on the upper and lower sides, a di^^tinct linear carina ; surface marked with strong regular lines of growth ; sutures distinct ; umbilicus wide and deep, showing all the volutions to the apex, aperture round or transversely oval. Height .Oi inch ; breadth .10 inch. From V. tricarin-ita (Say,) some varieties of which this resembles more than any spec es known to u=, it differs in having a wider umbilicus, less elevated spire, and much stronger lines of growth. Locality. — Three miles below Fort Union. MeLANIA MINUTDLA. Shell minute, eloneate conical ; volutions seven to seven and a hilf, convex, jncreasine gradually from the apex and flattened obliquely outward f'om above, near two-thirds of the way down, whence they round abruptly in to the suture 124 [June, below, so as to form an obscure angle below the middle ; suture very distinct ; surface faintly marked with fine lines of growth ; aperture ovate or sub-rhom- boidal, angular above, widest near the middle, very narrowly rounded and ob- scurely sinuate on the inner side below ; columella somewhat less arcuate than the outer side of the aperture ; lip thin and slightly reflexed at its junction with the lower part of the columella. Length -16 inch ; breadth -05 inch ; length of aperture -04 inch, breadth do. -03 inch ; apical angle regular, divergence 20« to 23°. This beautiful little Melania approaches very near in size as well as in form, M. spina, a Miocene species described by M. Grataloup (Conch. Melan. 10, t. 5, fig. 6 and 7,) but differs in having fewer and more convex volutions. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Melania Akthonyi. Shell very small, conical-ovate ; spire not much elevated ; volutions five to five and a half, slightly convex, increasing somewhat rapidly from the apex, last one rather large and obtusely angular below; surface marked with fine, indistinct lines of growth, crossed by extremely fine, nearly obsolete, revolving striae ; suture welldefiued; aperture ovate, angular above, widest a little telow the middle, narrowly rounded and very faintly sinuate on the inner side below; lip tbin, slighily reflexed on the lower and inner side, but leaving open a small umbilical perf)ration ; columella regularly arcuate, i-engih -18 inch ; breadth -10 inch; length of aperture -06 inch; breadth of do. -01 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, div» rgence 41°. Witbout a very careful examination with a good lens, in a favorable light, (he extremely fine revolving striae on this neat little shell would be overlooked. In form it is almost an exact miniature of M. Nebrascensis of this paper, but a care- ful comparison with the young of that species of its own size, shows it to be quite different. In addition to this, it occurs in great abundance at localities vvbere no authentic specimens of tbat species were met witb. We have no doubt of its being an adult shell. We name it after Mr. John G. Anthony, of Cincinnati, Ohio, to whom we are under obligations for suggestions in regard to it and two or three other species described in this paper. Locali'y. Yellow stone river, thirty miles above the mouth. Melania multistriata. Shell small, elongate-ovate ; spire conical, somewhat elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions five and a half to six, convex ; surface marked with fine indis- tinct lines of growth, and exceedingly fine, closely arranged revolving striae ; suture well defined ; aperture narrow-oval, or ovate, contracted, but scarcely sinuous below ; columella regularly curved. Length -23 inch ; breadth 12 inch ; lengtb of aperture -10 inch ; breadth of do. -OG inch ; apical angle regular, diver- gence 39°. This may be distinguished from the last by its more elevated spire, and more elongated body whorl, which is never angular below. The aperture is also narrower, and the columella imperforate. From the young of M. Ne/>r: seen sis of its own size, it differs in being more elongated, and in having one or two more whorls. The revolving striiB are also more uniform, and so very fine as to be only visible by the aid of a strong mHgnifier. Locality. Ten miles above Fort Union. Melania Nebrascensis. Shell elongate-ovate ; spire conical, not very much elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions about six, fli'tened convex ; surface marked by fine lines of growth, crossed by numerous m >reor less elevated revolving lines, some of which, on the middle of the whorls, are sometimes so much larger than the others as to form distinct cariojc ; suture strongly impressed; aperture ov.>te, angular above, narrowly rounded and very faintly sinuous below ; outet lip prominent below the middle ; columella regularly curved. Length -IS inch ; bread'.h -42 inch ; length 1856.] 125 of aperture -37 inch; breadth of do. -21 inch; apical angle convex or nearly regiil'^r. divfrgence (variable) 44°. This species presents numerous varieties of form, apparently dependent upon age. In younger individuals the spire is relatively less elevated, the whorls more rounded and the aperture larger and more oblique. In its surface markings it also varies greatly, even in specimens of the same size. The carinse formed by the la'ger revolving lines being in some specimens quite distinct, while in others they are scarcely larger than the finer revolving lines which may be seen by the aid of a lens to form, with the lines of growth, a delicate S'lb-cancellate surface on all parts of the shell. On other specimens, all these surface markings are almost entirely wanting. Locality. Ten miles above Fort Union. Melania cokvexa. Shell rather large, much elongated, sub-cylindrical or terete ; volutions (about ten?) flat, closely wound, and increasing very gradually from the apex; surface ornamented by fine lines of growth, ciossed by distinct, regular, thread-like, re- volvinu lines, and extremely fine, nearly obsolete revolving strise ; suture general- ly indistinct; aperture apparently ovate ; lip tbia, having a broad very shallow sinus below the suture, and another near tbe base of the columella. Length about 1-60 inches ; breadth -48 inch; length of aperture -45 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 21°. Our best specimen of this interesting species consists of seven volutions, and appears to have lost two or three others from the apex ; the aperture is also dis- torted. Tbe larger revolving lines, about seven of wbich may be counted on the second volution, are quite distinct, and near one-third as wide as the spaces between, while the finer revolving striae are closely crowded, and so small as to be only seen by the aid of a good lens. The divergence of the apical angle, be- low the middle of an adult shell, is not more than 13**, while above, (and in young shells,) it is as much as 28° to 30°. In the last number of the Proceedings of the Academy, we described a shell resembling this very closely in form, from the Yellow Stone river, where it was found associated, in a loose mass, with fragments of an Osirea and a small Cre- taceous species of Card'um, [C. rarum, Evans and Shumard). Our specimens being worn and imperfect, we supposed, from its associates, it must be a marine shell, and referred it to the genus Turrilella, under the name of T. convex i We now think it may possibly be a specimen of this species, from the junction of the Creticeous and Tertiary beds. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. Ceuithidm Nebrascensis. Shell elongate-conical, very slender, whorls (nine?) convex, and ornamented by three revolving rows of shirply elevated granules, placed upon obscure vertical folds ; surface markt-d with very fine lines of growth, crossed by much stronger, elevated, thread-like, revolving lines, two, three, or more of which may be counted between each row of granules, suture distinct: aperture ap- parently nearly circular, but teiminating below on the inner side, in a small notch. Length about 1 inch ; breadth -29 inch; apical angle regular, diver- gence 19°. On the lower part of the body whorl there are three or four small revolving lines, two of the upper of which are sometimes granular, making on this whorl five rows of granules. Between these and tbe next row above, one of the revolv- ing linps is also minutely granular. In form and general appearance, this re- sembles two or three species described by Deshays, from the Paris bas'n, but on close comparison, we find it quite distinct from them all. Amongst existing species, it appears to be nearest C. granulosum, and estuary species from tbe Western coast of Africa. Locality. Near head waters of Little Missouri. 126 [June, We are under obligations to Prof. James Hall, of Albany, New York, for the free U3e of his extensive collection of books on Palaeontology, as well as for occasional sugestions while investigating the Nebraska fossils, described in this and our former papers. Correction. In a paper communicated by us to the Academy in March last, and published in the preceding numbpr of the Proceedings, we referred to the genus Pyrula 3 shell (P. ^airsito ; apertu-a semi-ovata ; loborum numero, in vita, sex, toti- deraqiif S'dlie, lo^io ventrali aitaraen nonnihil indistincto ; lobis deniibna trihus munitis, q'ji raagnitudinis causa etiara lobi secundarei vocarentur ; septis angu- larious dorso reirorsum flf-xis ; siphunculo dorsali. The two specimens, still in my possession and here represented, are both very 1856.] 127 much water-worn. They are both flat and discoid, No. 2 more so than No. 1 ; both taper very much towards the apex, and increase especially rapidly from the middle towards the aperture. Both consist of at most two whorls, the dorsal part of the second being more than half overlapped by the ventral part of the first, and lying, as it were, in a groove. They have apparently six lobes and as many saddles, the lobes being provided with three tteth, which, on account of their size, might rather be called secondary lobes. The septa are angular and bent backwards on the back. The siphuncle is dorsal, as seen on fig. A, where it is broken out and has left a groove. In No. 1 the latter half of the second whorl is broken out and a hole is left. The size of both specimens is rery nearly the same. No. I measures in length 58-3 millimetres, in width 50- s., and in thickness 31. No. 2 measures in length 51- s. millimilres, in width 46, and in thickness 26. No. 2. No. 1. I was first inclined to recognize in the three specimens two different species, but the somewhat different appearance seems to have been caused by the attri- tion which they have undergone. The question arises here, from which formation these Ceratites come ? The circumstances that they have been found in the lower cretaceous formation, that carbonate of lime is the fossillizer, and that they are closely allied to Ceratites Syriacus of the cretaceous formation of Asia Minor, are indeed strong reasons to pronounce them to be cretaceous fossils, but this seems to me still somewhat doubtful. 123 [June, When I first saw them, I was not aware that Ceratites had ever been found in any other but in the Triassic formation, and the discoTery astonished me in a high degree. I was indeed induced to believe that they indicated the presence of the Trias somewhere not very far from the place where they were found, until I saw that L. V. Buch found Ceratites in the cretaceous rocks. It is true the specimens alluded to were found on a sand-bank in the Black Warrior River, where it cuts through the lowest part of the cretaceous formation of our southern States, just below a very deep place of the river ; but are they not marked out of a formation underlying the upper secondary and read ed by the water of the river in that deep place ? If these Ceratites were a fossil belong- ing to the cretaceous formation, even to the very lowest part of it, specimens of them must and would have been found before and after my finding tbem. There are a great many places in Alabama, as well as in Mississippi and Tennessee, where the lower part of the cretaceous rocks crops out, where it is cut through by rivers and gullies, and where it has often and carefully been examined and searched for fossils, but never, neither before nor afterwards, have specimens of Ceratites been found. I have myself carefully examined a good many such outcrops in Alabama, even the one where the Ceratites were found ; as State Geologist of Mississippi, and for more than two years engaged in the geological survey of this State, I have examined very nearly all the outcrops of the lower cretaceous formation, which is here still better developed than in Alabama ; I have made it a particular point to search carefully for Ceratites, but never again have I succeeded to find another specimen of the Ceratites ; nor have I ever heard that any one of the many amateurs that collect fossils has ever seen or found one. That the above described specimens of Ceratites have been washed out of a formation underlying the cretaceous rocks in Alabama, seems to me the more probable, first, as there is in that State between the carboniferous and creta- ceous formation an area occupied by an intermediate, undetermined formation, extending from Autuga County through parts of Bibb, Tuscaloosa and Pi< kens to Fayette County, which has been laid down in the geological chart of that State of 1849 (by a typographical error, as I understand,) as tertiary, but which, although in many places covered by drifted tertiary sands and clay, is by no means tertiary. It goes under the lower cretaceous rocks and is overlapped by them, is clearly visible, not only in the northern part of the town of Eutaw, but also at Finch's Ferry, on the Black Warrior, in Greene County, What forma- tion this is seems difficult to decide, it being devoid of fossils. It must, of course, be one of the older formations, intermediate between the coal and the lime, and I should not at all be astonished if a careful examination should give the result of its classification among the Poikilitic rocks, to which its variegated clay bears indeed great resemblance. Another reason which renders it more probable that the Ceratites have been worked out of a formation wnderlying the cretaceous formation, is that nearly all the Artesian wells in Greene County, in Alabama, contain a great deal of chloride of sodium and give really salt water. It is not very probable that this chloride of sodium, very seldom, if ever, comes from the Bait-bearing cretaceous formation. Examination of the Meteoric Iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico. By W. J. Taylob. The meteoric iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico, appears to have been first men- tioned in the Gazeta de Mexico in 1T84. It is stated there that small pieces of native iron, from a i^\v ounces to fifty pounds in weight, were very nnmcrone, which were sought for by the Indians after heavy rains, who used them for manufacturing agricultural implements. In a dissertation on metallic meteorites by Prof. W. S. Clark, the following notices of its literature are given : Ann. des Mines t. 2, ser. I, p. 337. Gazeta de Mexico ItSi— 85, vol. i., pp. 146, 200. Ktaproth Beitrage zur cheraischen 1856.] 129 Kenntniss der Mineral Korper, B. 4, S. 101. Sonnenschmit, Beschriebungder ▼orziiilichsten Bergsrerke. Reviere in Mexico 1804, S. 192 and 288. Chaldni, (U. F M. S. 336.) Partsch, (D. M. S. 99.) In the examination made by M. Benhein he failed to detect the presence of cobalt, but it is mentioned by Prof. Clark that Maaross had found it in a speci- men from the cabinet of Prof. Wohler ; my examination confirms in this respect that of M. Manross. To the kindness of W. S. Yaux, Esq., I am indebted for the material for this investigation ; Mr. Vaux has in his magnificent cabinet the principal portion of a mass which weighed over ten pounds. It was originally about six inches long, with an average diameter of three inches ; the lump was oblong with rounded ends, the whole being covered with a thin crust of limonite. A cross section cut from this lump has been carefully polished and etched by strong nitric acid, which gives a most beautiful surface of about three and a half inches in length by two and a half in breadth, covered with the greatest complexity of widmancstellian figures which almost defy description. The surface is crossed by bands about one-tenth to one-sixteenth of an inch in breadth ; these apparent bands are cross sections of different planes, as is readily perceived by their different refractive powers. On changing the position of the specimen those that are a bright silvery- white in one direction, become a dull gray in another, and vice versa. There are several systems of bands, which preserve a parallelism among themselves and cross other systems at various angles, forming trapezoids, rhombs and triangles. These several fields and their characteristic etchings will be described in detail at some future time. Along the bands or planes thin lami- nae of schreibersite have been observed, as in other meteoric irons. Imbedded in one side of the large lump (just described) was a globule of pyrrh 'tine, which looks as if it had been dropped into the iron when it was in a semi-fluid state. This globule appears to have been about an inch in diameter; it was in part decomposed, but a small portion of the mineral was separated snfiBciently pure for the determination of its specific gravity and analyses. On dissolving it in hydrochloric acid, thin laminae of schreibersite separated with minute portions of chromic iron. Through the kindness of Dr. F. A. Genth, I have been permitted to make the following analyses in his laboratory : Pyrrhotine dissolved in nitric acid, gave Sulphur, . . - - Iron, ------ Nickel, - - - - - Cobalt, Silicon, - . - - - Phosphorus, - . . - 99-27 " \o. 2. Dissolved in hydrochloric acid, gave — Iron, ------ 58-25 per cent. A residue remained, which was dissolved after being treated with hydrochloric acid and chlorate of potash ; it consisted of — Copper, - - - - - - 012 per cent. The remainder consisted principally of chromic iron, with a small portion of schreibersite. The specific gravity was found to be 4 822. The ratio of sulphur to the metala was found to be Sulphur, 2-102 Iron, 2*066 \ Nickel and Cobalt, 0-245 / '''^"^ It will be seen that the composition corresponds with that of pyrrhotine, con- sidering its formula to be FeS, if we disregard the few impurities which were found with it. The meteoric iron was first treated ia a flask with hydrochloric acid^ and the 33-76 per cent. 57 95 6-70 •56 •05 •25 130 [June, gas evolved wa3 passed through a solution of ammonia chloride of copper, bnt not a trace of sulphur could be detected in this manner. In the 5ch suppleoient to Rammelsberg's Handworterbuch der Chemischen Miaeralogie, this meteoric iron is mentioned as passive, experiments having been made by Prof. Wbhler ; but the piece belonging to Mr Vaux is evidently active, throwing down metallic copper from a neutral solution of its sulphate. Thi* exppriment was repeated with great care with confirmatory results. No. 1 was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and a slight precipitate was obtained by hydrosulphuric acid, which, on a careful examination before the blow-pipe, was found to be copper with a trace of tin. Iron, ...... 90 T2 per cent. Nickel, 8-49 " Cobalt, - -44 " Schreibersite, chromic iron, Ac, - - ••38 " Silicon, -.-.-- "25 " Phosphorus, . • - - - -18 " The phosphorus was estimated in a separate portion, which was first oxydized by nitric acid and fused in a platinum crucible with carbonate of soda. No. 2 was dissolved in nitric acid. It gave — Iron, - - - - - - 90 37 per cent. Nickel, 7-79 '• Insoluble residue, . . . - 1-91 '' Description of two new species of Urodeles, from Georgia. By Edward Hallowell, M.D. Sub-Fam. BOLITOGLOSSIDJD. PSEODOTKTTON MARGIVATUS, DOb. Qhar. Head small, depressed, rounded in front; eyes lateral, oblique, not prominent, looking upward and outward ; gape of the mouth extending a short distance behind the posterior commissure of the eye; maxillary teeth small, internal nares small and circular; a transverse row of vomerine teeth on each side passing behind the internal nares, continuous with several rows of longi- tudinal palatine teeth diverging posteriorly, so as to leave a wide interspace in the shape of tne letter V reversed ; tongue small, circular, bolitoglossal, free at the edges, and suppor.ed upon a small central pedicel ; body slender, crlindrical ; extremities slender ; toes 4 — 3 ; tail somewhat compressed, longer than body. Color. Dark ash color above, almost black, shaded obscurely with yellow ; a lateral band of dusky white margined with black on each side near. the abdo- men, extending from the anterior to the posterior extremities ; under parts dnshy white, very minutely spotted or blotched with black. Dimensions. Length of head 3 lines ; greatest breadth 2 lines ; length of neck and body to vent 1 inch 4 lines, (Fr. ;) length of tail 1 inch 4 lines. Total length 2 inches 11 lines. Jlibil'it. Liberty County, Georgia. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, presented by 51ajor Le Conte. PSEDDOTRITON FLAVIBSIMUS, nob. Char. Head of moderate size, rounded above; snout truncate; eyes rather prominent, latero-superior, oblique, looking upward and outward ; tongue small, circular, inushroom-sbaped, supported upon a centrnl pedicel, the ediies free; internal nares rather small, ovoid or subcircular in ihape; maxillary teeth minute, sharp-pointed, the points directed backward; vomerine and pA'atine teeth a^ in marginatus; body more robust than in the former species, mire or less compressed upon the sides ; extremities slender; tail compressed, of nearly same length as body, (about a line longer ) 1S56.] 131 Color. Yellow above, inclining to brown, with very numerous small black spots; under parts of a brigtiier yellow throughout, without spots. L'imeiiiions. Leujith of head 4 lines ; greatest breadth 3 lines; length of neck and body 1 inch 2^ lines, (Fr. ;) of tail 1 inch 5 lints ; total length 3 iLcLes 1 lin^8. Habitat. With the preceding in Georgia. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, jireteuted by iMiijor Le Couie, U. S. A. Conlrihulions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of the United States, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By CUARLES GiRARD, M. D. Two years have scarcely elapsed since I communicated to the Academy de- scriptions of various fishes collected upon different points of the Pacific coast of North America. During that period the indefatigable researches of several offi- ce''s of the U. S. Army, and naturalists attached to the surveys made under orders from the General Government, have brought to light many new and in- teresting members of that class of animals, and of which I propose now to give a brief account, extracted from final Reports, made to the officers in charge of these surveys. It has also been deemed advisable to mention such changes as have been made in the generic position of several species previously described, either by me or othcrs, in order to give a more correct idea of the Reports just alluded to. It will be remembered that while I was engaged in those investigations of our Western fishes, two naturalists, Drs. W. 0. Ayers and W. P. Gibbous, both resi- dents of San Francisco, Gal., had (without any knowledge of what I was doing,) described a certain number of species, some of which we already know have proved identical with my own. The law of priority in their publication will decide upon the names to be finally adopted in the nomenclature. So far I have ' been unwilling to settle upon any identifications without the specimens to go by in order to avoid confusion as well as complicate the synonymy. Drs. Ayres and Gibbons, both, have shown an earnest desire to furnish me with authentic specimens of the species which they have described, and I am happy to say that from the former I have been favored by a good many up to this day, as will be seen further on. For reference to the species described by Prof. Agassiz, some of which have appeared in my papers, it is but just to say that such identifications as were at- tempted by me, were made from the accounts published at that time. As far as genera are concerned I feel confident that no error was committed ; in regard to the species I entertain certain doubts which can not be removed by the docu- ments at our command. I have sought to do justice to the subject from the very beginning, and rather than introduce any changes in their present nomencla- ture I send them before the world as they now stand. With the above preliminaries I proceed into the subject. The species formerly described by me under the genus Labrax were found, upon further examination, to constitute a genus by itself, the relationship of which being more those of Serranus than of Labrax, and it is in the vicinity of the former that it ought to be placed in the ichthyic method. From Serranits it may be distinguished by the outline of the spinous dorsal fin, and the rela- tive development of the canine teeth, which arc so small as to have suggested the idea that the species belonged to Labrax. The new genus we will henceforth call PARALABRAX, and characterise as follow : " General physiognomy that of Labrax, but the first dorsal fin is contiguous to the second as in Serranus. The profil of the body is subfosiform the caudal fin subtruncated or slightly emarginated posteriorly. 132 [June, The head is subconical, the lower jaw a little longer than the upper, the mouth rather large ; card-like teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, vomer and pala- tines, with a row of small canine teeth along the edges of the jaws. Tongue smooth. Small and homogenous spines upon the outer curve of the preopercle. Two small and inconspicuous spines upon the margin of the opercle. Edge of suborbital, entire ; humerus denticulated ; opercular apparatus and cheeks cover- ed with scales, smaller on the cheeks than on the opercles. Gill openings con- tinuous under the throat ; branchiostegal rays, six in number. Scales minutely serrated posteriorly." Parai-abrax nebulifek and P. clathratus are the two species. Dr. Ayres's Centrarchus maculosus is my C. interruptus. A new and interesting member of the group Trachinidce, we inscribe into the method under the appellation of HOMALOPOMUS, " The'general aspect of which is elongated, the mouth large, the lower jaw long- est ; upper and lower jaws provided with canine teeth ; card-like teeth on the vomer. Palatines toothless; tongue smooth. Dorsal fins separated; anterior, small and subtriangular ; posterior, extending mostly to rest of space towards the caudal. Anal fin longer than deep, situated far back. Opercular apparatus spineless and scaly ; cheeks smootli and scaleless. Upper surface of head cover- ed with minute scales. Scales covering the body of moderate development with posterior margin entire, and smooth. Gill openings continuous under the head ; branchiostegals, six in number." A single species is known, several specimens of which were examined, all of which were collected at Astoria, Oregon Territory, by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, (f. S. A., to whom I take pleasure in dedicating it. HOMALOPOMPS TROWBRIDGII has the "snout pointed, the mouth deeply cleft, and the posterior extremity of the maxillaries extending to the vertical line of the posterior edge of the pupil. The eyes are large. The tips of the pectoral fins reach as far as the anterior margin of the anal fin. The color is greyish brown above, and silvery grey beneath." In the Cottoid group there arc glorious additions. In the first place I have had the great satisfaction of identifying, from actual specimens, the CotUis asper of Sir John Richardson, and to describe it comparatively with the other members of the same genus. Amongst the truly marine representatives I will first introduce a type which seems to bear much closer affinities to the fresh water genera than was anticipa- ted. In naming it OLIGOCOTTDS, allusion is made chiefly to its diminutive size. We have full evidence that the .specimens before us are adults, and consequently have not hesitated in the se- lection of that name. We are aware, however, that further search might bring to notice other species not quite so small and still of the same generic stamp. On the other hand, the etymology of a name is of but little avail towards eluci- dating the history of the object it designates. The natural characters of the genus will read as follows : "Head smooth, with the exception of a few spines upon the preopercle and snout. Upper jaw slightly the longest. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer and palatines. Gill openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegals six. Dorsal fins contiguous, ('audal posteriorly rounded. Insertion of ventrals backwards the base of pec- torals. Origin of anal fin in advance of the anterior margin of second dorsal. Skin smooth, lateral line continuous for the whole length of the body." 1856.J 133 Oligocottus macdlosus. being the only species known at present, we will characterize it bj' saying : " that the mouth is moderately cleft ; the posterior extremity of the maxillar}- extending to a vertical line intersecting the pupil. A stoutish bicuspid processus on the convexity of the preopercle. Two acute nasal spines. Anterior dorsal lower than the second or posterior. Yellowish brown above, mottled or varie- gated with blackish ; along the dorsal region a series of blotches of a deeper hue: lower half of the sides vermiculated. Abdomen of a bright saffron or yellow- hue in the male. Inferior surface of head with traces of black markings ; throat and abdomen unicolor, as also the ventrals and anal. Dorsals, caudal, and pectorals transversally barred." It has been observed on several points of the coast between the baj- of San Francisco, Cal., to Puget Sound, W. T. In 1854, a few dried up specimens were taken near Presidio by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, but their precarious state of keeping did not permit us to classify them. The same was the case with those collected at Fort Steilacoom by Dr. Geo. Suckley. It is but very recently that well preserved specimens, collected by E. Samuels, in Tomales Bay, Cal., having reached us, we have been prepared to determine their position in the ichthyic method. The fish mentioned by Dr. Ayres under the name of Acanthocotiusiner mis Tpro\es to be my Leptocottcs armatus. Next in order is another and entirely new genus, for which the name of LEIOCOTTUS, has been selected, more particularly in reference to its smooth aspect. Its char- acters arc : " head perfectly smooth ; spines upon the preopercle only. Mouth moderately cleft : jaws equal. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries and front of the vomer ; none on the palatines. Barbules upon the maxillaries. Gill openmgs continuous under the throat ; branchiostegal rays five. Dorsals nearly contiguous upon their bases. Ventrals inserted backwards of the base of the pettorals. Caudal posteriorly subtruucated. Skin perfectly smooth, bearing neither prickles nor scales. Lateral line well marked and continuous from head to tail." The species which has come under my observation has so much of the aspect of Trijla that the specific name of Leiocottus hiuundo suggested itself for it." The snout is declivous and rather pointed ; the poste- rior extremity of the maxillary is provided with two or three barbules and reaches a vertical line drawn a little beyond the anterior rim of the orbit. Su- perior regions blackish brown ; abdomen whitish beneath ; inferior part of tail yellow." It was collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. at the island of San Miguel, Cal. Dr. Ayres' neinilriptcrus marmoratus, is my Scori'^enichthys maemoratus, Clypeocotlus robustus of the same author, is my Aspicottus bison. The species described by me as Scorpcenichthys lateralk was subsequently re- ferred by Dr. Ayres to a new genus of his under the denomination of Calycilepi- dotus lateralis, together with another species at that time unknown to me, under the name of C. spinosus. On a former occasion Dr. Ayres had announced the presence of two species of hemilepidoti in the Bay of San Francisco, for which he proposed the names of II. Jiebulosus and H. spinosus. My Scorpamichthys lateralis was subsequently identified by himself to his H. nebulosns, and it was then that the genus Calycilcpidotus appeared with two species: C. spinosus and C. lateralis: C. spinosus I have carefully examined, and I am satisfied that its proper place is in the genus Ilemilepidotus, as characterised by Cuvier. In order, however, to furnish reliable data to go upon, I must be permitted to offer a diagnosis of of that genus as it now stands. 10 134 [June, Hemilepidotcs, ■' Head rough and prickl}-, with membranous flaps on various parts ; opercu- lar apparatus spinous. Mouth moderately cleft; jaws equal. Teeth upon the premasillaries, dentaries, front of vomer and palatines. Gill openings sepa- rated beneath bj an isthmus ; branchiostegals, six on either side. Dorsal fins contiguous. Caudal rounded posteriorly. Insertion of ventrals opposite the base of pectorals. Longitudinal bands of scales alternating with nacked areas; scales themselves finely denticulated." Hemilepidotus spinosus ■' has membranous flaps on the upper surface and sides of the head. The eyes are quite large. The posterior free extremity of the maxillary extends to a vertical line drawn at the posterior rim of the pupil. Dorsal band of scales composed of six rows or series ; lateral band of seven, five below and two above the lateral line. Ground color dark reddish brown, with darker transverse bands and blotches." Specimens labelled by Dr. Ayres were collected in the Bay of San Francisco, Oal., by Dr. John S. Newberry ; others in Humboldt Bay, by Lt. W. P. Trow- bridge, U. S. A. So much for Calycilcpidohis spinosus : it is a true Hemilepidotus. As to C. lateralis^ the second species of Dr. Ayres' genus, a careful study has convinced me that it is not specifically identical with my Scorpcenkhihys lateralu. Subsequent investigations of more perfect specimens have convinced me of the propriety of removing the latter from the genus Scorpainichthys, and since I had no specimens of Hemilepidotus nebulosus, Ayres, {Cali/cilepidotus lateralis, Ayres, uon mihi) by which to determine its generic affinities, I have been compelled to institute, under the name of Artedius, a new genus to receive two species, the one above referred to, and formerly de- scribed by me as Scorpcenichthys lateralis, and another which so far had remained unnoticed. The following are its characters : " Head rough, with supra-orbital membranous flaps. Spines upon the preopercle only. Mouth moderately cleft; lower jaw slightly overlapped by the upper. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer, and palatines. Gill openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegals five on either side. Dorsal fins separated. Caudal sub- truncated posteriorly. Insertion of ventrals opposite the base of the pectorals. A dorsal band of pectinated scales." Artedius lateralis. Scorpcenichthys lateralis, Grd., has the " surface of the head smooth. Preopercle armed with a flat bicuspid spine. Band of dorsal scales narrow, originating at the thoracic arch and extending to near the terminus of the base of the second conoidea, tenui, pallida cornea, subdiaphana ; spira subelevata ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus instar novem, subconvexis, inferne transversim costatia ; apertura parva, subrotundata, intus alba ; columella alba. Operculo tenui, pallido-corneo. Hab. Xingpo, China. S. R. House, M. D. 1856.] 145 Melaxia Mteksiana. Testa plicata, conoidea, tenui, disphana, rufo-cornea ; spira subelevata; suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar octo, subconvexis, striis exilissimus impressis ; apertura ovata, superne angulata, ad basim unifasciata ; labro acuto ; columella albida. Hah. Fegee Islands. S. R. House, M. D. Mela^iIA bullata. Testa striata, obtuso-conoidea,Talde inflata, crassa, nigra ; spira curta, truncata; suturis paulisper impressis; anfractibus convexis, striis transversis subdistantibus, impressis ; apertura grandi, subovata, superne angu- lata et incrassata, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella incurva tortaque. Hah. Brazil. W. A. Haines. Melania lyr^formis. Testa plicata, conoidea, subcrassa, tenebroso-fusca ; spira curta; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus convexiusculis, superne regulariter costata, inferne transversim striata ; apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella incurva tortaque. Hah. Manilla. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania affinis. Testa crebri-striata, conoidea, subtenui, tenebroso-fusca ; spira subelevata ; suturisjimpressis ; unfractibus convexis, ad apicem plicata apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida; labro acuto ; columella laevi et incurva. Hah. Manilla. W. Nevrcomb, M. D. Melania australis. Testa crebri-plicata, attenuata, tenui, nigracanti ; spira elevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus planulatis, superne caualiculatis ; aper- tura parva, elliptica, superne obtuso-angulata, intus tenebrosa ; labro-acuto ; columella alba tortaque. Hah. Manilla, W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Newcombii. Testa striata, acuto-conoidea, tenui, cornei ; spira sub- elevata ; suturis impressis canaliculatisque ; anfractibus instar novem, subcon- vexis, striis exilissimus impressis ; apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella albida. Operculo tenebroso-fusco. Hah. Oahu, Sandwicb Islands. "W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Mauiensis. Testa cancellata, inferne transvrese striata, conoidea, acuminata, subcrassa, cornea ; spira elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus denis, planulatis, ad apicem crebri plicata; apertura grandi, ovata, superne angulata, intus coerulea alba ; labro expanso, acuto ; columella torta. Hah. Maui, Sandwich Islands. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Boninensis. Testa cancellata, conoidea, tenui, tenebroso-cornea ; spira subelevata ; suturis paulisper impressis ; anfractibus planulatis,) instar septenis ; apertura parva, ovata, superne angulata, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella torta. Hah. Bonin Islands. M. Burrough, M. D. Melanla eubida. Testa striata, conica, crassd, ferruginea ; spira subelevata, acuminata; suturis impressis ; anfractibus undenis, planulatis, ultimo inflatis, ad apicem carinatis; apertura subgrandi, rotunda, intus rubicundula ; labro acuto ; columella incrassata. Hah. Mexico. Hon. J. II. Poinset. Pachychilus PARV0M. Tcsta striata, obtuso-conoidea, crassa, ferruginea; spira curta; suturis impressis; anfractibus senis, convexis, striis transversis exilissimus impressis ; apertura grandi, subrotunda, intus alba; labro expanso, valde incrassato ; columella incrassata. Operculo diaphano, elliptico. Hah. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. 146 [August, Description of a nevj species of Hylafrom Georgia. By John Le Conte. During the last spring, whilst I was residing in the lower country of Georgia, it was my good fortune to meet with three specimens of the animal described below. One of them was taken in the water of a pine barren pond, another was found in a cavity of a sand pit, and the third upon a tree in the forest. This Hyla is remarkable for its size, approaching in this respect to those found in tropical regions. Two of them were of a greenish dusky ; the second, who had concealed himself in a hole in the sand, was of a bright pea green, but in the space of half an hour changed to the color of the others, thus showing a complete possession of the faculty of changing color at will, so remarkable in many of the Batrachia. There yet remain undiscovered and undescribed, in Georgia, three species of this genus, which have as yet eluded my search. The notes of these are re- markably distinct from those of others ; I may hereafter be fortunate enough to obtain them. Hyla gratiosa. Coarsely granulate both above and beneath. Color above varying at the will of the animal from bright green to cinereous and to greenish dusky, with round- ish spots or irregular blotches of darker, or speckled with variously shaped dots of the same, all of them with some few small yellow irregularly disposed spots «n the back and sides. Beneath whitish, more or less inclining to yellow or orange. Upper lip white, or white varied with green or dusky ; lower lip sometimes whitish, at others of the color of the back ; in some a white line ex- tends from the upper lip along the side to the insertion of the hind leg, in others the sides are variegated with rounded spots of darker, and no line visible. Irids black varied with golden ; tympanum copper-colored, a considerable depression between the nostrils and the eyes. Chin varied with dusky or green, with a slight fold at the bottom ; transverse space between the arms smooth, without any granulations. Arms and legs barred, with darker, yellowish or reddish on the under side, the former smooth beneath, the latter granulate on the poste- rior half; the under side of the posterior half of the thighs is smooth. Disks of the toes very large. Length of head and body 2-5 inches ; humerus -6 ; antibrachium -G; hand -TS; femur 1-2 ; tibia 1-15 ; foot 1-6. Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. By Edward Hallowell, M. D. It is not surprising that, among the reptiles of the Academy, which it has required more than forty years to bring to its present although incomplete con- dition, and which is now for the first time in process of classification and arrangement, there should be many new species that do not appear to exist even in the large European collections. It is possible, however, that some of these may be mere varities, or they may be already known ; but after careful inquiry, I have not been able to make them out as such, and the interests of science, it appears to me, will be best subserved by their publication, even should the account of them hereafter be found to contain a few errors. Fam. CAMELEONID.E. Lizards Cam^l^oniens ou Saurians Ch^lopodel, Dum. etBib. Among the Camcleonida; in the collection of the Academy, we find two which differ from any of those described in the work of Dumeril and Bibron, and in the Memoir of Prof. Aug. Dumeril, in the Archiv. du Museum, tome vi., p. 210. Neither are they found in the Catalogue of the Lacertians of the British Museum, VoceedA.K.S.PhilELd.VolW. Plate ^71. HYLA GRATIOSA.Le Conte UiStoiiaViy-W^E HitcKcock. Litlvof J T."Bawen.PMl. 1856.] 147 by Mr. Gray. They may be new species, or only varieties of those already de- termined. Future and more extended observation will settle this point. ChamjEleo granulosus, nob. This Chameleon is much larger than any of the specimens we have of dilepis or of gracilis from W. Africa, resembling somewhat in size the Ch. pardalis of Madagascar, but it is not so stout. Char. Outline of head above oval, somewhat narrower in front than poste- riorly ; lateral crests not meeting in front ; central keel very low, hardly percep- tible ; spaces on each side, between it and the lateral crest, depressed, slightly rounded, occupied with polygonal tubercles of unequal size ; supraciliary ridge high, subcircular; back and upper part of tail denticulated, the denticulations larger near the neck, having there the form of a crest : a crest upon chin, throat and abdomen, none under the tail. Scales upon sides unequal, tubercular ; four or five rows of flat quadrangular scales between the dorsal denticulations and the lateral tubercles. Description. The outline of the head above resembles that of Chamaeleo sene- galensis, but is less narrow in front ; the supraciliary crest is also much more elevated ; it differs from gracilis in having a trace only of the bifurcations of the central keel, and in being covered with tubercles and smooth polygonal scales ; the scales, both upon the head and sides of the body, are larger and more tubercular than in Senegalensis,the general shape of the head is different, and the present species is considerably larger. It may, however, be only a variety of Senegalensis, or perhaps the male. Color greyish, with a tinge of blue upon the abdomen. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch T lines ; breadth above, between the supra- ciliary crests, 7 lines ; length of neck and body to vent 4 inches ; of tail 5 inches ; total length 10 inches 7 lines. Habitat. West Africa. One specimen presented by Mr. Cassin. Cham.s;leo Burchelli. Char. Rather larger than C. dilepis. Outline of head above resembling some- what that of Chamaeleo pardalis, but less narrow, prolonged, with lateral crests much more depressed and the interspace more shallow ; central keel very low, interspace between it and lateral crests occupied with flattened polygonal scales of unequal size; supraciliary ridge low, the lateral crests not in contact anteri- orly; scales upon the sides of the head rather large, flattened, with a slight ele- A'ation in the centre, polygonal ; back denticulated, more slightly posteriorly ; a few spines upon neck ; throat and abdomen denticulated ; scales of body unequal, tubercular, general shape subrhomboidal, interspersed with very small granules. Color. In specimen examined greenish, with a lateral yellow stripe. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 5 lines ; breadth between supraciliary ridges 6 lines ; length of neck and body to vent 3 inches 7 lines ; length of tail 4 inches 9 lines ; total length 9 inches 9 lines. Habitat. Fernando Po. One specimen presented by Dr. Burtt, U. S. N. GECKOTIDJE. LIZARDS Geckotiens, ou Sauriens Ascalabotes, D. & B. The family Geckotidae are divided by Dumeril and Bibron into seven genera — 1, Platydactylus ; 2, Hemidactylus ; 3, Ptyodactylus; 4, Phyllodactylus ; 5, Sphte- riodactylus ; 6, Gymnodactylus ; 7, Stenodactylus. The Geckotians described in this paper belong to the genera Hemidactylus and Gymnodactylus, the for- mer thus characterized : Hemidactylus, Cuvier, Gray, Wagler, Weigmann. Char. Base of the four or five fingers of each extremity enlarged into a disk, 148 [August, from the middle of which project the two last phalanges, which are slender. In- ferior surface of this disk covered with imbricate feuillets, for the most part, arranged en chevron. A longitudinal band of large plates under the tail. (Dume- ril et Bibron.) The Hemidactyles are divided by Dumeril and Bibron into two sections. 1, the Dactyloperes, with thumbs, as it were, truncated, of which there are two groups — A, with entire subdigital laminas, and B, with divided (echanchrees) subdigital laminas ; and 2d, the Dactyloteles, or with five complete fingers nar- rowed at the point. These are also divided into two groups — A, the D. fissi- pedes, and B. the D. palmipedes, the latter only having palmated fingers, and cornprising but two species, viz. : H. marginatus and H. sebae ; the former, or the fissipeds, thirteen, inhabiting Malabar, (trisedrus.) Phillipines, Isle Maurice, Bombay, (maculatus,) border of the Mediterranean, Toulon, Rome, Sicily, Greece, Senegal. Trebizonde, Chili, Vera Cruz, Buenos Ayres, (vermiculatus,) W. Indies, Cayenne, Brazil, Carthagena, Martinique, (mabouia,) Ceylon, (Leschenaultii,) Bengal, Bombay, (Coctsei,) S. Africa, Indian Archipelago, Madagascar, Isle of France, Ceylon, Amboina, Java, Timor, Marianne Islands, (frenatus,) Otaheite, (Garnotii,) and Peru (Peruvianus.) Sect. Dactyloteles fissipedes, D. & B. (Five nails, fingers and toes free.) Hemidactylus pormosus, nob. Char. Nine inferior labial plates, the two first the largest; mental plate broad, triangular, immediately behind it two quadrangular plates, much smaller than the mental; ten superior labials; IT femoral pores on each thigh in the males ; a broad dark colored blotch bordered with white, upon the back, extend- ing in the form of a crescent to the posterior margin of the orbit ; three broad quadrangular brownish blotches, margined with white, upon the back ; tail banded with brown ; 9 or 10 rows of circular tubercles on each side of the me- dian line of the body. Description. The head of this remarkable species is large, swollen at the temples, presenting a marked depression along its middle. The nostrils are situated immediately behind the rostral plate, a little above the first labial, and are somewhat triangular in shape ; between them, and in contact, are two small narrow plates, behind the rostral, with a smaller one intermediate ; the head is covered with small granulations superiorly, the front with tubercles ; of the ten superior labial plates, the first is the largest ; the inferior margin of the eyelid passes beneath the globe of the eye, the superior above it, and is covered with small granulations and rhomboidal scales, its external border denticulated ; body and extremities robust, the former covered with granulations, with nine or ten longitudinal rows on each side of the median line of circular tubercles ; elbows and posterior surface of forearms covered with granulations ; arms anteriorly and beneath with scales ; the fingers and toes are each provided with a nail, free ; eight subdigital laminaj beneath the fourth finger ; no lateral membranes to the body or tail. Chin and throat covered with granulations ; abdomen and under part of extremities with quadrangular scales; 17 to 19 pores along the under part of each thigh, in the males, none in front of the anus ; tail long and tapering, much longer than body, (\\ inches,) presenting beneath a well-defined central row of hexagonal scales, much broader than long, bordered on each side with smaller scales irregularly disposed. Coloration. Ground color above dusky white, with a tinge of reddish brown, the brownish red tints predominating; a large dark brown blotch upon the neck bordered thinly with white, with crescentic prolongations reaching to the poste- rior margin of the eye; three broad transverse brown blotches (3 to 3 J lines) upon the back, bordered with white, and separated from each other by inter- spaces of about the same length as the blotches ; tail banded with brown above and upon the sides. Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines ; greatest breadth 7 ; length of neck and body to arras 2 inches 1^ lines ; length of tail 3 inches 4 lines ; total length 6 inches 4^ lines. 1856.] 149 Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Three Bpecimens presented by Dr. Savage. The young is of a very light straw color above, with three transverse bands about two lines in breadth, of a beautiful yellow color ; blotch upon neck similar in form to that of adult, but of a beautiful light yellow color ; under parts straw color ; no minute black points upon the scales. Dimensions of a young specimen. Length of head 6 lines ; greatest breadth 3^ ; length of neck and body to tail 1 inch 3 lines ; (tail mutilated.) The Gymnodactyles are separated by Dumeril and Bibron into two divisions, viz., the Gymnodactyles homonotes, in which the scales of the back are equal, and into Gymnodactyles heteronotes, in which the upper parts of the body are sprinkled with tubercles more or less developed. The species now described belongs to the latter division. Gen. GYMXODACTYLUS. Char. Five nails not retractile to all the feet ; toes not dilated transversely, nor denticulated upon their edges ; the fifth of the posterior toes versatile, or capable of being removed from the others at a right angle. (Dumeril et Bibron, tome 3, p. 408.) Gymnodacttlcs tenuis, nob. Char. Head rather long, front depressed ; nine inferior labial plates, the four first broader than the others ; two plates behind the mental, followed by three others in contact with the labials, not so large ; ten superior labials ; ros- tral broader than long ; two quadrangular oblique plates posterior to it, with a smaller one between them; nostrils circular, their inferior border in contact with the first labial, the anterior margin formed by the quadrangular plates above described, the posterior by a small semi-circular scale, the superior by a small irregularly shaped plate ; head covered with smooth granulations, some- what larger upon the sides ; the eyebrow presenting numerous quadrangular scales, forms a complete circle around the eye ; auricular openings oval, without denticulations ; extremities quite slender ; fingers and toes slender, each provided with a small recurved nail, with the exception of the thumb ; scales beneath the fingers and toes single ; body slender ; tail longer than body, tapering to a point, with a row of broad scales beneath. Coloration. Brownish above, upon the body, lighter beneath ; tail yellowish, banded with brown. Measurements. Length of head 7 lines ; greatest breadth 4 ; length of body 1 inch, (Fr. ;) of tail 1 inch 2^ lines. Habitat. Manilla. One specimen presented by Dr. Burroughs. Fam. VARAXID.E. Lezards Varaniens or Sauriens Platynotes, D. & B. We do not find among the Varanians in the collection of the Academy any which appear to be new, with the exception of the specimen now described, presented several years ago by Dr. Kane. The Museum at present contains the following species, viz., V. niloticus, (10 specimens,) V. Bengalensis, (3 sp.,) V. bivittatus, (4 sp.,) V. Piqotii, (2 sp.,) V. arenarius, (1 sp.,) V. ocellatus ; (1 sp.,) the two last from the Garden of Plants in exchange. The specimen presented by Dr. Kane is the largest, by far, in the collection, and of greater dimensions than those of any of the Varanians, with the exception of the gigantic lace lizard of N. Holland, (Hydrosaurus giganteus, Gray,) described by Mr. Gray in the "Zoology" of the Erebus and Terror, part vi., Feb., 1845, 6i feet in length. 150 f August, Varanus OLITACEUS, nob. Char. The head is large, pyramidal, broad posteriorly, slender and some- what obtuse in front ; the scales above the orbits are flattened, polygonal, several rows of unequal size, much larger than the rest, and three intermediate between the orbits and in front, still larger ; the largest, however, are situated at the ex- tremity of the snout above, and are placed in two transverse rows ; the scales upon the back part of the head are more imiform in size; those upon the temples small ; the nostrils are two oblique openings placed about midway between the extremity of the snout and the anterior canthus of the eye, their inferior ex- tremity in a line with the latter ; scales upon neck and body small, oval, sur- rounded with two rows of small granules, those upon the back more distinctly carinated, especially in its posterior part towards the tail, where the carinations are strongly developed ; the scales upon the extremities are considerably larger than those upon the body, and likewise carinated, the posterior much more dis- tinctly than the anterior ; scales upon chin and throat smaller than the others, those upon under surface of extremities smooth ; those upon abdomen slender, quadrangular, two lines in length, and about half a line in breadth, in trans- verse rows; tail circular, much longer than head, neck and body, surrounded with transverse rows of carinated elongate scales, with a slightly developed crest tapering gradually toward the end, where it is somewhat compressed ; extremi- ties well developed ; fingers and toes provided with strong and powerful claws, third and fourth fingers of nearly equal length ; transverse rows of large quad- rangular scales beneath the fingers and toes, 16 rows beneath the second finger, 24 beneath the fourth. Coloration. Ground color olive above, lighter below, with obscure dark co- lored spots and markings. Dimensions. Length of head 5 inches, (Fr. ;) greatest breadth 3 inches ; length of neck and body 1 foot 9^ inches ; length of tail 3 feet ; of arm 3 inches, of fore- arm 3 inches 4 lines ; of thigh 3f inches ; of legs 3i inches ; of longest finger, including nail, 3 inches 1 line. Total length 5 feet 2^ inches ; circumference 1 foot 5J inches. Habitat. Manilla. One specimen presented by Dr. Kane, U. S. N. Gen. Remarks. The species above described approaches nearest the Hydro- saurus giganteus of Mr. Gray, but is destitute of the transverse rows of ocel- lated spots upon the back, and the spots upon the extremities and tail. In Mr. Gray's species the shields over the orbits are very small and granular, but in the one just described there exist above the orbit several rows of polygonal scales. some of them a line in diameter, succeeded by several larger rows, and between these, four or five rows of broad hexagonal plates. The Varanidffi, divided into two sections by Dumeril and Bibron, the terres- trial and aquatic, the former with a round tail and slightly developed crest, comprise two genera only, viz., Varanus and Heloderma, the former containing twelve, the latter but one species (horridum.) None of this family exist in Europe, and but one is found in America, viz., Heloderma horridum, which inhabits Mexico. Of the others, four inhabit Asia, three Africa, and four Oceanica ; of the latter, two New Holland, (Bellii and varius,) one the Japan Islands, (chlorostigma,) one Timor, (Timoriensis.) In Asia there are four species, viz., I3engaleusis, nebulosus, Diardii and bi-vittatus. Three inhabit Africa, viz., arenarius, (Egypt,) niloticus, (Nile, rivers of Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Gaboon country,) and ocellatus, (Abys- sinia and Senegal.) With the exception of bi-vittatus and olivaceus, all these have small scales or granulations over the orbits. Fam. IGUANID.E. Sauriens Eunotes, Dumeril et Bibron. Gen. HoLOTROPis. Char. " Head in the form of a quadrangular pyramid ; cephalic plates of mode- rate size, angular, almost equal ; a very small occipital ; supra-ocular scutella 1856.] 151 dilated transversely ; the other plates oblong ; neck smooth below, folded irregu- larly npon the sides ; an oblique fold of the skin before each shoulder ; anterior edge of the ear denticulated ; trunk subtriaedral, covered with imbricated scales of medium size, provided with carinse, terminating in an acute point, and form- ing oblique lines converging towards the middle region of the back. A denticu- lated crest extending from the nucha to the extremity of the tail ; the latter long, compressed; exterior edge of the two or three posterior fingers dentciu- lated ; no pores either in front of the anus or upon thighs." (D. et B.) Of this genus two species are described by Dumeril and Bibron, viz., Herminieri and Microlophus ; the first with a well developed crest and carinated ventral scales, the second with a very small crest and smooth ventral scales. In the first species the tail is strongly compressed, in the second very slightly. The species described in this paper was deposited in the Museum some time ago bj Dr. Morris, and differs considerably from the last of the before-mentioned species, although resembling it in several important particulars, viz., the low crest and smooth ventral scales. HOLOTROPIS VITTATUS, UOb. Char. Crest low, as in Microlophus, much more developed upon the tail ; ventral scales smooth; nasal plate quite different in shape from that represented in the figure of Microlophus in de la Sagra, tab. vii., fig. A., (Reptiles,) being al- most as broad as long ; the nostril is situated immediately at its posterior edge, and not at some distance from it, as represented in the figure above mentioned ; the plates upon the head are all very strongly carinated ; the carinse upon the dorsal scales are not situated in the middle, but a little to one side ; the five middle rows of abdominal scales larger than the others. Coloration. Probably altered by alcohol ; crest greenish ; ground color dark green, with reflections of bronze : a large black blotch upon each temple ; a whitish colored vitta immediately beneath, extending upon the neck ; another beginning above and in advance of the shoulder, extending along the sides of the body as far as the thighs ; two transverse parallel bands of black across the chin ; the interspaces and under parts of jaw whitish ; throat greenish ; abdomen, under parts of extremities and tail of a much lighter color than upon the back. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch, greatest breadth 9 lines ; length of neck and body 2 inches 9 lines ; of tail 4 inches 4 lines ; total length 8 inches 1 line. Habitat. Cuba. One specimen in Mas. Acad., deposited by Dr. Morris. Ord. OPHIDIA. Gen. Tropidonotus, Kuhl. Char. "Jaws long, teeth of the upper forming a continuous longitudinal series, although the last or posterior are generally stronger and longer by nearly one-half, and never channelled ; scales of the back, and more often those of the sides, presenting a saliant line or sort of carina ; tail of moderate length." — Dnmeril and Bibron, T. vii., p. 549. The Tropidonotes belong, in the arrangement of Dumeril and Bibron, to the second section or sub-order of Ophidians, viz., the Aglyphodont or Azimiophid serpents, which are characterized as having recurved, conical, rounded, full and smooth teeth, without canulation at their points, and implanted in both jaws. — T. ii. p. 19. Twenty species are described by them, existing in Europe as far north as Norway, N. Africa, Greece, N. America, Seychelles, Java, borders of the Caspian Sea, E. Indies, Japan, Manilla, N. Guinea and Australia. The greater number appear to inhabit N. America. It is very remarkable that, although so numerous in the U. States, they should not be found in the Southern portion of the American continent. Tropidonotus annularis, nob. Char. Nostrils between two plates ; internasals long and narrow ; a frenal ; one antocular, three postocular plates; eight superior labials, the eye resting on 152 [August, the fourth ; praeanal scute bifid ; scales very distinctly carinated, except the three inferior rows, which are smooth ; color above ash ; beneath yellow, with transverse dark colored blotches, arranged for the most part alternately, extending upon the sides ; these blotches extend about half way across the abdomen; the broadest occupy two scales, the most narrow usually but one, and occasionally unite in the middle; 19 rows of scales; 159 abdom. scuta; 33 bifid sub-caudal. Dimensions. — Total length 2 ft. Q\ inches, (Fr. ;) length of tail 3 in. 8 lines. Habitat. — Ningpo, China. One specimen, in excellent preservation, in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. McCartee. Gen. CORONELLA. The genus Coronella, established by Laurenti in lYSS, is placed by Dumeril and Bibron with the Tropidonotes in the family of Syncrateriens, having " all the teeth smooth, distributed in the same line, but with the last longer, without a free interspace in front of them.'' T. vii. p. 525. The genus is thus characterized: "Serpents with superior maxillary teeth longer and upon the same line with the others, without interval ; trunk elongated ; tail moderate ; scales smooth ; snout rounded and a little elongated." Dum. et Bib., torn. vii. p. 607. Seven species only are described by them, which inhabit Central and South- ern Europe, Cape of Good Hope, (cana,) U. States, (getulus, Sayi, doliata, Cali- fornica.) To these may be added one formerly described by me from W.Africa, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,) C. triangularis, and the present species from China. Others will no doubt be determined hereafter. Coronella striata, nob. Char. Head short and thick, rostral plate large and slightly prominent, more extended transversely ; internasals two in number, somewhat quadrangular, smaller than prefrontals ; prefrontals large and quadrangular, frontal broad and short ; occipitals large ; nostrils between two plates, a long quadrangular plate reaching from the posterior nasal to the eye, with a small quadrangular plate above it, between the eye and the prefrontal ; two posterior orbitals; eight supe- rior labials, the four first narrow, the remainder broad, with the inferior margin of the orbit formed by the fourth and fifth : scales smooth and quadrangular, 1 7 rows ; body long and robust ; head thicker than neck ; tail of moderate length, pointed. Coloration. Head brown above, the margins of the plates edged with white ; jaws and throat white; a brown blotch behind the eye extending to near the commissure of the mouth ; a broader one upon the occiput bordered posteriorly with white ; behind the white stripe on either side, which commences near the posterior extremity of the occipital plate, a large brown blotch ; upon the back a row of 47 quadrate brown blotches, the interspaces white; sides spotted with brown ; abdomen straw color, immaculate ; thirteen blotches upon the tail ex- tending upon the sides, with intervening white bands as upon the body ; under part of tail brown spotted. Abdom. scuta 193; praeanal single ; subcaudal 70. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 6 lines, greatest breadth 1 inch, (Fr. ;) length of body 2 feet 11^ inches ; greatest circumference 3 inches 3 lines ; length of tail 8 inches. Total length 3 feet ten lines ; greatest circumference 3 inches 3 lines. Habitat. Ningpo, China. Two specimens in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. McCartee, one fully grown, another younger, and the head and neck of a third. In one of these specimens there is a distinct anterior orbital plate, with a long quadrangular loral between it and the posterior nasal. CROTALID.^. We have also two spccimens^of Trigonocephali from Ningpo, China, presented by Dr. McCartee, which correspond with the description of Dumeril and Bibron, 1856.] 153 and Siebold and Schlegel's excellent drawing of Trigonocephalus Blomhoffii, and are no doubt the same. 141 abdom. sc. ; 39 subcaudal ; 21 rows of scales, (25, according to Schlegel.) Total length of one specimen 1 foot 4^ inches, (Fr. ;) length of tail 1 inch 7 lines ; length of another specimen 1 foot 1 inches ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines. The tail, therefore, appears to be somewhat shorter than is indicated by the description of Professors Dumeril and Schlegel, who make it one-sixth of the whole length of the animal. They state that the Tri- gonocephalus Blomhoffii is the only venomous serpent found in Japan. Among the reptiles recently sent to the Academy by M. Duchaillu, are four fine specimens of Chamseleo dilepis, and a large serpent formerly described by me in the Proceedings of the Acad. N. S., Vol. vi. p. 205, (Dendrophis flavigu- laris.) The only reptiles in the collection of M. Duchaillu that are not new, are four frogs, all belonging to the same species. Two of this family are already known to the collection, viz., Rana Bibrcnii, nob. (abundant,) and Hyla punc- tata, of which we have but one specimen. Raxa-albolabris, nob. Char. Head triangular, depressed above ; snout slightly rounded ; eyes pro- minent ; nostrils latero-superior, two lines apart ; openings for the internal nares small and subcircular ; between them two converging lines of vomerine teeth ; eustachian foramina larger than the openings of the internal nares ; tongue ob- cordate, attached in front, free at the sides, notched posteriorly ; back more or less granulated ; a raised and well marked lateral fold on each side, extending from the posterior margin of the eye to the extremity of the coccyx ; tym- panum circular, of moderate size, fingers free : subarticular tubercles distinct ; base of toe much swollen ; toe and first finger of equal length, third about a line longer than the fourth ; anterior extremities moderately rot)ust ; posterior also webbed, extending to the distal extremity of the antepenultimate phalanx in all the toes except the fourth, in which it extends to the proximal extremity of the same phalanx ; subarticular tubercles of toes less developed than those of fingers-. Coloration. Dark brown above, with obscure transverse bars of a deeper color upon posterior extremities ; anterior extremities blotched with darker brown ; a white stripe extending from the extremity of the snout, beneath the eye, and tympanum as far as the anterior extremity ; a small white spot above the shoulder, which appears to be constant, and in several of the specimens a row of smaller white spots along the sides irregularly disposed. In two of the specimens the back presents a marked tinge of olive ; the brown upon the side of the head is somewhat deeper than upon the back, resembling in this respect the Rana sylvatica, Le Conte, of which indeed it may be considered the repre- sentative in West Africa. Under parts whitish, more or less mingled with brown ; in some specimens the brown very greatly predominates ; under surface of thighs more or less spotted with brown. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines, greatest breadth 8 lines ; length of head, neck and body 1 inch 10 lines to 2 inches 1 line ; length of posterior extremities .3 inches 2 lines ; of anterior 1 inch 3 lines ; length of longest toe 9 lines ; of longest finger 5i. Habitat. W. Africa. Four specimens presented by M. Duchaillu. On several new speeiet of Reptiles in the Collection of ike Academy of Natural Sciences, By Edw. Hallowbll, M. D. More detailed descriptions, with drawings of several of the species, will be published in the forthcoming volume of the Transactions of the Philosophical Society. 154 [August, SCINCID^. Gen. PLESTIODON. Plestiodon sinense ? Dumeril and Bibron. Char. — Head cuneiform, slightly swollen at the temples ; nostrils lateral, opening in a single plate; two supero-nasals, broad and contiguous; an inter- ternasal, quadrangular, posterior angle acute, enclosed by the frouto-nasals ; (in one specimen the fronto-nasal and internasals are all fused into one plate :) a frontal-hexagonal, broader in front ; two fronto-parietals ; one inter-parietal ; two parietals ; no occipital ; a freno-nasal ; a large and broad frenal ; two freno- orbitar plates ; seven superior labials ; nostrils pyriform, broader end above, three or four scales upon its anterior border ; third and fourth fingers of equal length ; body robust ; scales hexagonal, 24 rows ; tail long and tapering, robust and cyclo-tetragonal at base ; posterior extremities much shorter than anterior ; second toe much the longest, with 14 distinct transverse scales ; palms of ante- rior and lobes of posterior extremities tuberculated ; six praeanal scales, the two middle ones quite large ; pterygoid teeth ; tongue slightly notched in front, broad and deeply notched posteriorly, squamiform posteriorly. Color. Olive above, with four dark colored and more or less interrupted bands upon the back and tail, the black spots forming these bands, which are not very distinct, occupying the posterior half of each scale ; in some specimens they are much larger than in others ; posterior part of scales upon sides marked with black. Dimensions. Length of head 10 lines, greatest breadth 6^ ; length of neck, body and vent 3 inch, (Fr. ;) of tail 4 inches 6 lines. Total length 8 inches 3 lines. Circumference of body 2 inches 2 lines ; of tail at base 1 inch 7 lines. Another specimen measured 9 inches in length, and the circumference of the apparently older one was 2 inches 8 lines. Habitat. Ningpo, China. Five specimens presented by B. H. McCartee, M.D. Nothing is known of its habits. Gen. Remarks. This animal is very probably the Plestiodon sinense of Du- meril and Bibron, Tiliqua rubriventris. Gray, (Hardwicke's Illustrations of Indian Zoology,) the descriptions of the scales corresponding, viz., olive bordered with yellow, but they make no mention of the four dotted lines down the back, which, however, are shown in Gray's figure, and they give one more row of scales, viz., 25. We have one specimen from the same locality with three white lines down the back bordered with black, probably the young of the above, and which is perhaps identical with Plestiodon pulchrum, Dumeril and Bibron or Tiliqua trivittata. Gray. Gen. EuPREPis. EUPREPIS SURINAMENSIS, nob. Char. Nostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border ; two supero-nasals contiguous ; a large and broad internasal, its lateral and inferior margin in con- tact with the first frenal ; two fronto-nasals not contiguous ; a frontal more ex- tended in the longitudinal direction, broader in front ; two fronto-parietals ; a short inter-parietal ; two parietals ; no occipital ; a small naso-frenal ; two frenals and two freno-orbitar plates ; seven superior labials ; four supraciliary plates ; a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid; 30 rows of scales, those upon back tricarinate ; carinje indistinct ; of the praanal scales the two middle the largest. Color. Olive above, with brown spots, arranged into two longitudinal rows ; a brown band on each side from one and a half to two lines in breadth, com- mencing behind the eye and passing over the ear, losing itself upon the tail ; extremities blotched with brown above ; under parts silvery white without spots. Total length 1 inches 3 lines. Habitat. Surinam. One specimen presented by Dr. Hering. 1856.] 155 EUPREPIS MICROCEPHALUS, Dob. Syn. Scincus Tentralis, Peale and Green. Char. Xostrils in a single plate near its posterior border ; two supero-nasals not contiguous ; au internasal broader than long, its lateral inferior margin in contact with the first frenal ; two fronto-nasals ; a frontal very large, broader anteriorly ; a small inter-parietal ; two parietals, broad and rather short ; six su- perior labials ; head short and rather trapu ; gape of mouth small ; tongue slightly notched in front, papillous ; auditory opening somewhat triangular in shape, with three small scales in front; 29 rows of scales, with from 7 to 8 carinae, the middle ones wider apart thau the others ; tail longer than head, neck and body, cyclo-totragonal at base, tapering gradually to a point. Total length 4 inches 9 lines. Habitat. Mexico. One specimen presented by Mr. W. H. Keating. EuPREPIS DISSIMILIS, UOb. Char. Xostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border; two supero-nasals, slender, contiguous ; an internasal, broader than long ; two fronto-nasals ; a frontal, much more narrow posteriorly ; two fronto parietals, longer and more narrow than the fronto-nasals ; a short inter-parietal, broader in front ; two pa- rietals ; a small naso-freual ; two frenals and two freno-orbitars ; seven superior labials : a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid ; 33 rows of carinated scales, the seven lateral rows more or less tri-carinate, the intermediate ones strongly bi- carinate ; tail long and tapering, cyclo-tetragonal at base. Color. Light olive above, with three distinct lighter colored vittae, com- mencing behind the occiput and extending down the back upon the tail; under parts white without spots. Total length "i inches 11 lines. Habitat. Bengal. Two specimens presented by Dr. Burrough. EuPREPIS LOXGICAUDATA, Dob. Char. Nostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border ; two slender supero- nasals apparently contiguous ; a large internasal extending laterally upon the sides of the head, where it joins the supero-nasal and the first frenal plate ; two fronto-nasals, more or less quadrangular, passing likewise down upon the sides of the head, where they join the first and second frenal ; a frontal much longer than broad, narrow behind ; fronto-parietals pentangular ; one inter-parietal, more narrow posteriorly, and two parietals, larger than the fronto-parietals ; no occipital ; a small naso-frenal ; two frenals and two freno-orbitars ; seven superior labials; a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid; 30 rows of scales; those upon back distinctly tri-carinate, those upon sides also tri-carinate, but the carinae are very indistinct ; four inferior rows upon sides, and those upon neck smooth; scales upon tail tri-carinate, smooth laterally and inferiorly; tail vert/ long. Color. Olive green above, with a tinge of green below, except upon poste- rior half of tail, which as well as the upper part is brown ; a broad black late- ral band on ekch side. Total length 8 inches 4J lines. Habitat. Siam. One specimen in Museum of Academy, presented by Dr. Ruschenberger, U. S. N. OPHIOPTIIALMID.E. We have fourteen specimens of Ablepharus Peronii. The predominating color in most of these specimens is bronze, mingled with green, with two late- ral rays bordered with black, as described by Dumeril and Bibron. In some of the specimens, however, the predominating color is brownish above, with two central rows of black spots. Dumeril and Bibron observe that this species has a very wide range, being found, according to them, in New Holland, Otaheite, Java, the Isle of France, Morea and Peru. The entire number of species of Scinecoidians or Lepidosaurian Lizards is 100 : 12 156 [August, these we have about 40, comprising 132 indiriduals, -nith many duplicates of several of the species, twenty-one specimens, for instance, of Gongylus ocellatus. They include the following genera, viz., Scincus, Sphenops, Gongylus, Ples- tiodon, Eumeces, Euprepis, Lygosoma, Tropidolopisma, Leiolopisma, Cyclodus, Trachysaurus, Ablepharus, Seps, Anguis and Acontias. ;Fam. BOID.E. Gen. NoTOPHis, nob. Char. Head small, triangular, depressed above ; eyes of moderate size, late- ral, supraciliary plates not projecting ; anterior half of head covered with well defined plates, posterior with scales ; two internasals ; two anterior and two posterior frontals, the former passing down alongside of the head to meet the superior labials ; nostrils in a single plate ; eleven plates upon the top of the head, viz., two internasals, two anterior and two posterior frontals, a vertical and two occipitals, with several small plates between them ; a loral, one ante- rior orbitar and three posterior orbitars ; a row of hexagonal scales larger than the others running along the median line of the back ; prseanal scute and sub- caudal plates single ; ventral scutes quite narrow. NOTOPHIS BICARINATCS, UOb. Char. Color uniformly yellow, with a tinge of red upon the abdomen ; nine superior labials, the sixth higher than the others ; dorsal middlle row bi-cari- nate, the rest uni-carinate ; carinae quite distinct ; 27 rows of scales ; 215 longitu- dinal rows upon body ; 41 upon tail. Dimensions. Total length 1 foot 8|- inches ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines, (prehensile.) Habitat. Cuba. One specimen presented by Gavin Watson, M. D. Descriptions of new species of African Birds, in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, collected by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu, in Equatorial Africa. By John Cassin. Genus MELIGXOTHES, nobis. Bill short, thicic and conical. Wings rather long ; second, third and fourth quills longest and nearly equal. Tail moderate. Allied to the genus Indicator, Yieillot. The short billed Indicators form a distinct group, easily recognized by the bill, as above described. Heretofore there have been known Indicator minor, Stephens, (/. minimus, Temm.) and Indicator xanthonotus, Blyth, belonging to this group, but in neither of them is the bill so short and thick as in the two species that we are now about to describe. 1. Meligxothes conirosteis, nobis. About the size of/, minor and resembling it, but with the bill thicker ; wings shorter ; legs and toes longer. Bill short, thick, wide and rather suddenly com- pressed at the tip ; nostrils large ; third and fourth quills slightly longest. Legs stout; toes long ; tail moderate, rounded. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 5| inches, wings 3j, tail 2}, bill i inch. Colors. — Head above dark cinereous, every feather nearly black in the middle; back, rump, ujiper tail coverts and wing coverts with every feather brownish black in the middle and edged on both sides with golden yellow. Quills brown- ish black, edged externally with the yellow of the back; narrow on the primaries, wider on the secondaries. Feathers of the throat white at base, dark at their tips. Small space on the abdomen and flanks white, with longitudinal stripes of dark ashy brown. Other under parts and sides of the head and neck clear dark cinereous, under tail coverts slightly edged with white. Under wing coverts ashy. Tail, with the four central feathers brownish black, narrowly edged with 185G.] 157 vellow, others Yellowish white, tipped with dark brown. Bill and feet bluish black. Hab. — Moonda rircr, "Westera Africa. Discovered by Jlr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — As stated above, this species is about the size of /. minor, and some- what resembles it. In addition to the differences already pointed out, this bird has the bill entirely bluish black, not white at base of the under mandible as in /. minor, and as carefully represented in Temm. PL Col. 542. The colors are much more clear and different from that species. The bill in the present bird is remarkably short and thick. This species may be that represented by Le Yaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, pi. 242, but is very different from that represented in Cimelia Pbysica, pi. 24, A. The latter is /. Sparrmanni, Stephens, but not the former. It is possible, too, that this may be the bird alluded to by authors on the Ornithology of Western Africa as /. minor, but it is distinct from that species of Southern Africa. 2. Mblignothes exilis, nobis. The smallest of all known birds of this group. Bill short, thick ; wings moder- ate : second and third quills slightly longest ; tail moderate ; legs and toes rather strong. Dim,ensio7is. — Total length (of skin) 4 J inches, wings 2.}, tail 1| inches. Entire upper plumage with every feather dark in the middle and edged on both sides with greenish yellow, darker on the head. Quills dark brown, edged externally with yellow. Entire under parts greenish cinereous, paler on the ab- domen and nearly white on the ventral region. Tail with the four middle fea- thers brownish black, others yellowish white tipped with dark brown. Bill bluish black ; base of under mandible yellowish white ; feet bluish black. Hab.— River Moonda, "Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This is the smallest Indicator yet discovered, and is a singular looking little bird. The bill is short and thick, almost resembling that of some species oi Euphonia. This bird, in general appearance, bears some resemblance to the preceding, but is much smaller and easily distinguished. One specimen only is in the collection, Gexcs HET.ERODES, nobis. Allied to typical Indicator. Bill moderate, curved, slender, rather wide at base, but rather abruptly compressed and tapering to the point : wings rather long ; second and third quills longest and nearly equal; tail moderate, containing ten rather wide feathers : tarsi and toes weak, slender, the two anterior rather long. Size of only known species small. 3. Het^rodes ixsigxis, nobis. Small, about the size of the last preceding and resembling it in color, but with the bill totally different (as above described), and the feet smaller and slender. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 4J inches, wing 2 J, tail 1^ inches. Colors. — Entire upper parts dark olive, tinged with yellow, the latter prevail- ing on the lower back and rump ; quills dark brown, edged externally with greenish yellow ; narrow on the primaries, wider on the secondaries, and inter- nally with yellowish white. Under parts ashy olive, darker on the breast, paler and nearly white on the abdomen and under tail coverts. Under wing coverts yellowish white. Tail with the four middle feathers dark olive brown, outer feathers yellowish white, edged with pure yellow. Bill and feet bluish black. Hab. — Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This is one of the most curious little birds that I have ever seen. It is in all respects, a miniature cuckoo, having evident alliance to Indicator and to Chrytococccyx, but especiall}- to the former. The bill is pointed and curved somewhat as in the larger species oi Indicator, but more slender. The plumage, and especially the tail are of the same colors that prevail in this group. Uue •pecimcn only is in the present collection. 158 [August^ 4. IspiDiNA Lecontei, iiobis. The smelliest of the birds of the genera hpidina and Corythcrnis, and with the bill broader and more flat. Bill long, broad, flat, rather obtuse at the point ; wing moderate, third quill slightly longest ; tail very short ; legs short, weak. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 3f inches, wing 1 8-lOths, tail 9-lOths, bill in fiont 1, width of bill at nostrils 3-lOths inch. Oo' 'Ts. — Male. Front black (without spots), crown and occiput bluish black, with small spots of light blue ; back, rump and upper tail coverts light blue, with a purple tinge, a narrow partially concealed collar of rufous on the neck behind ; wing coverts black, with small purplish blue spots, quills bluish black, edged with pale rufous on their inner webs. Tail bluish black. A small spot in front of the eye ; cheeks, breast and abdomen yellowish rufous, darker on the breast, throat white, under wing coverts rufous. Upper mandible brownish black, point white ; under mandible at base yellow, then dark brown towards the point, but at the point white ; legs yellow ffab. — Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. This little bird may readily be distinguished from either of the species of minute kingfishers of the genera hpidina and Corytlwrnis, previously known by its much broader and flat bill, which is long and quite as flat as in any species of Todimmphus. The frontal feathers are clear, lustrous black to the base of the upper mandible, unspotted. It is, moreover, the smallest of all those species. Of the two genera mentioned, all the known species are now in the collection of this Academy, including hpidina nilida, Kaup., and Corylhornis nais, Kaup. The present is the only specimen that I have ever seen of this species, and is not readily to be mistaken for any other. This curious little species is named in honor of my friend John L. Leconte, M. D., one of the most distinguished and accomplished of American Zoologists with whom I have had the great gratification of intimate and uninterrupted friendship for years. 5. Napothera castaxea, nobis. About the size of iV. atricapilla of Sumatra, and somewhat resembles it. Bill moderate, straight, rather wide at base, distinctly notched, curved abruptly at tip, wing rather long, fourth quill longest. Tail moderate, ample, somewhat rounded. Dimmsions.—lLQi&\ length (of skin) 6| inches, wing 3 4-lOths, tail 2i inches. Colors. — Male. Feathers of the forehead and over the eye black, each having a middle longitudinal line of bright rufous. Feathers of the crown and occiput at base light reddish yellow and tipped with dark rufous. Back, wing coverts and rump bright reddish chestnut, darker on the rump. Lores, cheeks, sides and flanks light cinereous. Throat, middle of breast and abdomen white. Under tail coverts yellowish white. Bill brownish black, feet lighter. Greater wing coverts with light rufous circular spots at their tips, edged with black. Hab. Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. This bird is, for all that I can see, an aberrant Najmthera, and in its general appearance resembles N. atricapilla, coronata, and other species of Sumatra, Borneo and Java. It appears to be the first species of this genus yet discovered in Western Africa. 6. Tricophorus calurxjs, nobis. General form of and resembling T. gularis, Ilorsfield, (not Swainson.) and T. caniceps, both of Java and Borneo, and about the size of the latter, but smaller than the former. Bill slightly curved; fifth quill longest. Tail rather long. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) about 1 inches, wingSj, tail 3J inches. Colors. — Male. Throat white. Tail and its upper coverts rufous, the outer feathers edged narrowly with greenish yellow; tail beneath lighter. Head above dark brownish ashy, cheeks lighter, each feather with a line of white, a narrow ring of ashy white around the eye. Back, rump and wings yellowish olive green, rather darkest on the wings. Under parts (except throat) greenish yellow, or nearly pure yellow in the middle of the breast and abdomen, 1856.] 159 and much shaded with green on the sides. Under coverts of the wings green- ish yellow. Bill corneous, the margins white, tarsi light bluish. Female similar but smaller. Hab. — lloonda river. Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This species much resembles in form and color T. gularis, Horsfield, from Java, but is much smaller and otherwise different. It also resembles 1\ caniceps, Lafres, (which seems to be Napothera sidphurata^ Miiller,) and is about the same size. It is a very remarkable form for Western Africa. In color this bird appears to be similar to Dasycephala syndactyla, Swainson, (which is described as 9} inches long,) but it has no syndactyle character, and is much smaller. Several specimens are in the collection. » *2. Trichophorus notatcs, nobis. Bill moderate, nearly straight ; wing with the fourth and fifth quills longest. Tail rather long. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) about T J inches, wing 3i, tail 3J inches. Colors Male. A spot of yellow in front of the eye. Entire upper parts yellowish olive green, darker on the head ; wings and tail the same color as the back, with the inner webs of the feathers dark reddish brown. Quills edged on their inner webs with pale yellow, outer feathers of the tail with large spots of pale yellow at their tips. Under parts bright yellow, tinged with green on the sides. Bill corneous, edges of both mandibles white ; tarsi light colored. Un- der wing coverts yellow. Female, similar but rather smaller. Hab. — Moonda river. Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — Owing to evident difficulties in determining the species of birds which have been referred to the genus Tricophorus, we have invariably declined pre- senting any as new in the various African collections that have come into our hands. But the two birds that we now describe are so strongly marked, that we have abandoned our previous custom. The present bird belongs to the same group as T. camcapillus, Hartlaub, cha- racterized in some measure by the bill being straighterthan usual in this genus. It does not, however, closely resemble that species, nor any other known to us, and is strongly marked by the bright yellow spot in front of the eye, which cha- racter distinguishes it at once from T. eximius, Hartlaub (Cabanis Journal, 1855. p. 356), and it is much smaller. Four specimens are in the collection. On motion of Dr. Rand, the Academy proceeded to an election for Librarian to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dr. W. S. Zantzinger. The Chair appointed Dr. Brinton and Mr. Schafhirt, Tellers. The election having been held, the tellers reported that Dr. J. Aitken Meigs had been unanimously elected. ELECTION. Drs. Wm. Mayburry, Thos. George Morton, and George R. More- house, of Philadelphia, and Mr. Alfred Monnier, of Camden, were elected Members; and Mr. J. Barnard Davis, of Shclton, England, was elected a Correspondent of the Academy. 1856.] 161 September 2d, 1856. Mr. Lea, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — ■ From the Canadian Institute, dated Toronto, C "W., July 25th, 1856, transmitting the Canadian Journal for 1856, and desiring ex- change. Referred to the Committee on Proceedings. From F. V. Hayden, dated Fort Union, July lOth, 1856, acknow- ledging his election as Correspondent. From B. F. Shumard, Secretary of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, dated July 30th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of copies of the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy, and enclosing a resolu- tion of thanks adopted by the Academy at St. Louis. From the Boston Society of Natural History, dated June 26th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy, (Vol. 8, No. 1, Title and Index,) and the Journal, (N. S. Vol. 3, part 2.) From the Librarian of the British Museum, acknowledging the re- ceipt of the Proceedings of the Academy, (Vol. 6, Nos. 7, 12, and Vol. 7, No. 1.) From F. A. Sauvalle, dated Havana, June 2, 1856, transmitting a collection of shells. From the Royal Society of Sciences of Liege, dated Bonn, April 20th, 1856, transmitting their Memoirs, acknowledged this even- From the Natural History Union of Prussian Rhineland and West- phalia, dated JIarch 24th, 1856, transmitting their publications acknowledged this evening. Dr. Leidy read a paper entitled, " Notice of some Remains of Extinct Vertebrated Animals, by Joseph Leidy, M. T>.," which was referred to a committee consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Dr. Le Conte, and Mr. Haldeman. Mr. Ashmead stated that, he had observed during the past summer an unusual scarcity of marine algae at Beesley's Point, some species usually found in shallow waters having entirely disappeared. Mr. A. attributed this to the intense cold of last winter causing the shallow bays and ponds to be frozen to the bottom. When the ice broke up, the seaweed adhering to it would be carried away. Whole beds of planted oysters were thus lost. The Heterodon Platyrhynus, generally very abundant, was this year almost extinct. Dr. Leidy stated that he had been informed by the fishermen, that immense numbers of crabs were destroyed by the cold, so that this season they were quite scarce. Mr. Haldeman had observed numbers of evergreens killed by the win- ter's cold. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII. SO. V. 13 162 [Sept. September 9 th. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. A paper was presented entitled, " Researches upon the Cyprinoid Fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States of America, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Charles Girard, M. D.," which was re- ferred to a Committee consisting of Drs. J, A. Meigs, Rand, and Hallowell. September 16th. Mr. Lea, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, dated December 31st, 1854, transmitting their publications acknowledged this even- ing. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, June 18th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of Vol. 8, No. 2, of the Proceedings of the Academy. From the American Philosophical Society, dated September Sd, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal, (N. S. Vol. 3, part 2,) and the Proceedings (Vol. 8, Nos. 1, 2, 3), of the Academy. Dr. Leidy remarked that, he had observed the eyes of the Katy-did (Flaty- phyllum concavv.m) which during the day are translucent and greenish, at night assume a deep cherry red color. Upon experimenting with the insect he found that, when the light was excluded, in the course of a few hours the eyes gradu- ally became dark red, and after a restoration of light they again became trans- lucent and greenish. The phenomenon was not positively explained, but it was supposed to belong to the same category of changes, observed in the skin of certain reptiles and cephalopods ; i. e. the coloring matter of the eyes probably is composed of chromatophora, or contractile pigment cells, which according to the condition of contraction exhibit a difference in color. Dr. Leidy also directed the attention of the members to several shells of the oyster and clam (Ostrea virginiana and Venus mercenaria} much perforated, which are common on the ocean shore, where they are noticed by all visitors. Dr. L. had for a long time suspected that the perforations were due to some other molluscous animal or a worm ; and he had frequently sought for them. The last summer, in dredging, in company with Mr. Ashmead and Prof Baird, on an old oyster bed, at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, a large number of these perforated shells were obtained, and all of them were observed to be occupied by a sulphur yellow sponge of the genus Cliona. This boring sponge forms an extensive system of galleries between the outer and inner layer of the shells, and protrudes through the perforations of the latter tubular processes, from one to two lines long and one-half to three-fourths of a line wide. The tubes are of two kinds; the most numerous being cylindrical and expanded at the orifice in a corolla form, with their margin thin, translucent, entire, veined with more opaque lines, and with the throat bristling with silicious spicula\ The second kind of tubes are comparatively few, about as one is to thirty of the other, and are shorter, wider, not expanded at the orifice, and the throat unobstructed 1856.] 167 afterwards appeared a Si/nopsis of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the command of Capt. C. Wilkes, with recent additions and comparisons with eastern types. By the same author * These two papers, though anticipating some of the following results, were greeted with a hearty welcome, and I can only regret that the second was not concluded up to the time I am writing. I have delayed entering into this sub- ject as long as was consistent with the duties imposed upon me. In both of them, we find the laudable desire of attempting to bring back into use, the long forgotten genera of Rafinesque, which fell into disuse because of their own imperfection ; and if they have not passed into the common nomencla- ture of the day, it was owing to their defect, more than to the partiality of naturalists. For we may well imagine how anyone would feel when rebuilding another's work, as little known to the author as to the commentators themselves. And yet, for my part, I have always looked upon the restoration of Rafinesque's genera and species as highly desirable, so soon as they had once been proposed and introduced into science as names. But in order to do justice to the scheme, it was necessary to the undertaking that one should go to the very ground trodden over by Rafinesque himself, his book in hand, during all the seasons of the year, ay, even for years in succession, to enable us to discriminate between that which Rafinesque really observed, and that which is imaginary. That the Ichthyologia Ohiensis has been, and still is a stumbling block, is fully evinced by the fact that Dr. J. P. Kirtland, the Ohio ichthyologist, of untiring and energetic zeal and perseverance, was baffled in many of his attempts to determine Rafinesque's genera and species. These genera and species, thus restored by Prof. Agassiz, may therefore not be received by all ichthyologists as the final settlement of that much controverted question. Be it as it may, that is : whether the identification be right or wrong, since we must have these names, I sincerely hope they will now be adopted, once for all, as proposed. Since circumstances have compelled me to write this memoir before the com- pletion of Agassiz's synopsis, I have restored the balance of Rafinesque's genera in the family of Cyprinoids : such are Plargyrus and Semotilus. Once upon that field of inquiries I reverted to Heckel's genera Argyreus and Leucosomus, and shewed their claim for admission upon the same general principles and canons of scientific nomenclature. On a former occasion the genus Leucosomus was altogether misunderstood by me, and from an advice of mine it thus entered into the " History of the Fishes of Massachusetts, by Dr. D. H. Storer." Prof Agassiz was led into the same error. t Heckel by inadvertence applies the name of Cyprinus chrysoleucus, Mitch., to Leuciscus pulchellus, Storer, as shown by the figures given of its teeth and the wording of its generical diagnosis. Leucosomus, therefore, is identical with Cheilonemus, and accordingly is the name to be adopted. Cheilonemus was :pTopo5Qd for Leuciscus pulchellus, and allied species, when it was supposed that Leuciscus chrysoleucus would constitute the type of the genus Leucosomus. But it is now well ascertained that Letidscus chrysoleucus of Mitchell belongs to Rafinesque's genus Luxilus ; and Luxilus has the priority over Leucosomus. Leuciscus gracilis of Richardson, referred by Heckel to Leucosomus, is of a dif- ferent generic type. As to the genus Argyreus, Heckel includes in it two species generally distinct. Cyprinus atronasus, Mitch., and Cypr. ruhripinnis, Mus. Par. MS. But Cyprinui Tubripinnis is identical with Leuciscus cornutus, and since Leuciscus cornutus is to enter the genus Plargyrus of Rafinesque, Cyprinus atronasus remains as the type of the genus Argyreus, which again is identical with Rhinichthys. It must be recollected, however, that the teeth figured by Heckel under the name of Argyreus tubripinnis, are those of Plargyrus cornutus. *Amer. Jour, of Sc, 2d. ser. xix. 1855, pp. 71, 215. f Amer. Jour, of Sc, 2d. ser. xix, 1855, p. 225. 168 [September, All the species referred to in this memoir I have seen and examined ; there is not a solitary fact here recorded that was not theresult of personal researches. On several occasions I have referred to species from the Atlantic States of the Union, and even from the northern lakes, but it will be obvious to every one that it was only on such occasions as could not well be omitted without sacrifice to the completeness of the subject. I have aimed at concision, as far as consistent with the nature of the task. It was deemed unnecessary to recall, ever and anon, the history of any parti- cular genus, unless it happened to be intricate, for, whoever is interested in the subject, is sufficiently familiar with it. It would be different were I to write a popular work on our fishes. In the diagnosis of the genera I have often repeated characters shared by many of them ; these repetitions I am convinced are needful to their proper under- standing. It may not appear so to a few ichthyologists; but I write for naturalists, for the reader who seeks after general information. Besides, the method I follow is the natural, the true method, that which has superseded the artificial method of the last century. lu describing the teeth, I have adopted Heckel's phraseology, since it appears to me to answer to the present wants of Ichthyology. The coloration, as a general rule, is described from specimens preserved in alcohol, in which the brilliancy of the hues is seldom preserved, and occasionally quite altered. In the course of these investigations I have carefuUy compared the fishes of our hemisphere to those occurring in the waters of the eastern hemisphere ; and when genera and species, either of fishes or reptiles, have, at any time, been described as new, it was the result of such comparative study, shunning display of loose erudition and false criticism, which too often leads into error the true observer. I have thus added many new genera and species to the known lists. This cannot be surprising ; a country so vast as North America, irrigated by so many branching streams and large bodies of waters in the shape of lakes and numer- ous ponds, a country comparatively little explored, was to yield many species unknown to our predecessors in the field. A superficial knowledge of the his- tory of ichthyology in North America, would at once explain how it is that a " Synopsis of the Fishes of North America," published in 1846, should not have proved a full and complete record of all existing fishes of the country : a synopsis which, moreover, only professes to give such species as were known at that time. If we are so fortunate as to be able to add to the known catalogue of genera and species, let us not lose sight of both the time and the circumstances under which we have accomplished it. Recriminations, in that respect, are not likely to advance much our knowledge on the subject, and furthermore, it places a co-temporary exactly in the same situation towards the next coming generations as the former generations hold towards him. Most of the new genera which I propose have been designated by words taken from the North American Indians, as being more euphonic than any one I might have framed from the Greek. The classic literature has already furnished so many names that there are but few instances in which a name might yet be coined and express what it is intended to represent. I offered this remark as a mere statement ; not as an apology. CYPRINI. But two genera of this group or tribe, whichever called, are included in this memoir. And curious to say one is provided with a buccal barbel, and the other not. The presence or absence of barbels, therefore, does not seem of primary import here. The teeth are of the molar kind {Denies molarei), of the grinding type (D. masticator ii), without grooves or ridges, and are disposed upon two permanent — and a third, deciduous — rows: .3 — 2 ( 5 — 5 | 2 | 3. The ventrals are nserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. 1856.] 169 We had a fine opportunity of studying the genus Mylocheilus, Agass. thanks to the numerous specimens collected by Lt. Trowbridge. The characters of this genus are as follows : Head elongated and sub-conical, rounded upon the snout, which overlaps the lower jaw. The mouth is sub-terminal, horizontal, of medium size and provided upon its angle with a maxillary barbel. The eye is well developed. The isthmus rather narrow. The body is elongated, lance- olated, compressed, sub-fusiform in profile. Pectoral fins slenderer than the ventrals ; the latter being inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Caudal fin furcated. Scales of medium size ; lateral line following the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are stoutish, expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior limbs very short. The teeth are inserted upon a very much inclined plan, raised from the surface of the bone itself, from below upwards. They are disposed upon two permanent rows of five and two, and a third decidu- ous row of three in the thickness of the gum: 3 | 2 | 5 — 5 | 2 | 3. They are of the molar kind of the grinding type, but without grooves and ridges. 1. Mylocheilus lateralis, Agass. & Pick. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d ser. xix. 1855, 231. Our specimens are from Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, "W. T., and were col- lected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U.^S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. Mylocheilus fraterculus, — is closely allied to the preceding by the shape of its pharyngeal bones, differing from it by a more slender body, much smaller head and smaller eye. The color is too far gone to have anything said about it. From Monterey, Cal., where specimens were collected by Lt. W. P. Trow- bridge, U. S. A. 3. Mylocheilus caueinus. — Cyprinus (Leuciscus') caurinus, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 304. Has much of the general aspect of the two preceding species, more, perhaps, of M. fraterculus than M. lateralis. The most prominent difference resides in the pharyngeal bones being less expanded upon the supe- rior limb, which is much more developed also. The inferior limb is also more slender. The head is more elongated, more conical than in 31. lateralis, and larger than in M. fraterculus. The mouth is larger than in either of the two species just referred to. From Astoria, 0. T.; numerous specimens collected by Lt. "W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. The genus we next introduce, and which has received the appellation of Mylopharodon, Ayres, is most closely related to 3Iylochcilus. The species which it includes are re- markable for their elongated body, their sub-conical and tapering head, their deeply cleft mouth, and, like the species of Mylocheilus, they have the ventrals inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, the caudal furcated, and a narrow isthmus. But Mylopharodon has no barbels upon either maxil- laries or the angle of the mouth. The pharyngeal bones are likewise stoutish, but the inferior limb is more elongated than in Mylocheilus, though a little smaller than the upper limb. We observe the same system of dentition : an ex- ternal deciduous row of two or three, and two permanent rows of two and four or five : 2 | 2 | 5—5 | 2 | 2, or 3 | 2 | 4—4 | 2 | 3. But the crown is much more compressed than in Mylocheilus. 1. Mylopharodon coxocephalus. — Gila conocephala, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 134. From San Joaquin River, Cal. — Dr. Heermann. 2. Mylopharodon robustcs, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 33. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. 170 [September, CATOSTOMI. What distinguishes the Catostomi as a peculiar group, consists, in the first place, in the structure and position of themouth ; it is surrounded with large and fleshy lips, situated under the protruding snout, and has no barbels. The pharyngeal bones are sickle-shaped, varying in the curvature of the dental por- tion and also in the inferior branch. The teeth are numerous, disposed upon one single series ; the inferior ones being longest, the others diminishing in size upwards. To use the expression of Heckel, the teeth are pectiniform {Denies pectiniformis), that is, arranged like a comb. The anterior mai'gin of the dorsal is situated in advance of the insertion of the ventrals. Modifications of these characters, associated with others, will furnish the means of distingHishing the genera. The want of more materials upon which the genera Carpiodes, Ictiobus, Buha- lichthys and Cycleptus are founded, has prevented us entering into the discus- sion of their generic value. The two following species being the only ones at our command, we introduce them without preamble. Caepiodes damalis. — Ihave before me a specimen of this species measuring seven inches and three-quarters in total length. The greatest depth of the body is contain- ed about three times and a half in that length, whilstthe head constitutes the fifth part of it. The dorsal is much longer than high anteriorly ; its anterior margin is nearer the end of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin, which is pos- teriorly concave. The origin of the ventrals is situated opposite the fifth de- veloped ray of the dorsal, the seventh in the series. The pectorals are small. The branchiostegals are three on either side. D 27 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 10 ; P 16. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal fins, are rudimentary, as also the anterior one in the ventrals. The eye is sub-circular ; its diameter being contained four times and a half in the length of the side of the head. The snout is sub-conical. A line drawn perpendicularly to the angle of the mouth would pass in advance of the pupil. The sub-opercle is largely developed, and contrasts greatly with its reduced size in C. (/.) tumidus. The scales are very large ; thirteen lateral rows may be counted from the an- terior margin of the dorsal to the insertion of the ventrals. They are a little higher than long. The lateral line undergoes a slight fall upon the thorax, then runs straightway to the base of the caudal along the eighth row of scales under the anterior margin of the dorsal. This species was collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., in Milk river, an affluent of the Upper Missouri, along the R. R. route explored by Gov. 1. 1. Stevens. We have before us half a dozen small specimens from three to three inches and a half in total length, which are closely allied to the preceding species. They were collected in the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. A further identification could not be attempted. Ictiobus rnuiDUg. — Carpiodes tumidus^ B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Philada., vii. 1854, 28. — Should all the sub-divisions of the genus Carpiodes be admitted, then this species, from the Rio Grande del N»rte (Rio Bravo), belongs to that of Ictiobus,* The genus MoxosTOMA, Rafin. may be circumscribed by characters more natural than the preceding ones. And the most striking of these, it must be conceded, is the absence of that lateral * There can be no question about the etymology of this name, from »;^3-« and /8ouf, which would spell ichthyobm, but Rafinesque choosed to write Ictiobus, which is quite as tasteful, if not more so. The " Noraenclator Zoologicus" must have satisfied every one, that confusion alone would be the result of re-spelling something like thousands of names. 1856.] 171 line possessed by almost all fishes. The body is elongated and compressed ; the head small ; the mouth small also, opening obliquely forwards and down- wards. The lips being small and transversally ridged ; the inferior one being slightly bilobed. The anterior margin of the dorsal is situated in advance of the insertion of the ventrals. The dorsal fin itself is either higher than long, or else its length is equal to its height, varying somewhat according to the sexes, as well as the anal, which is, however, always deeper than long. The shaft of the pharyngeal bones constitutes a very open curve, the convex margin of which is regular and entire. The teeth themselves are very much com- pressed, strongly curved inwardly, and much larger inferiorly than supe- riorly. To this genus we add four new and very distinct species, inhabiting the South Western waters. 1. MoxosTOMA CLAViFORMis. — This species has been known to us for several years. Its general outline has a club-shaped appearance, a trait though more or lessgenerical, is especially characteristic here. The largest specimens which we have examined are four inches in total length, and in all probability not very young. The greatest depth, taken across the pectoral region, is contained four times and a half in the total length, in which the head enters five times. The eye is circular and moderate in development, contained a little over four times in the length of the side of the head. The upper margin of the dorsal fin is sub- convex ; its anterior margin is nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. The caudal is concave posteriorly ; the anal narrow and deep ; the ventrals are inserted opposite the fifth ray (or third developed one) of the dorsal, and their tips do not extend as far back as the tips of the posterior rays of the dorsal fin when bent along the dorsal line. D 13 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 9 ; P 15. The scales are sub-elliptical in general shape, presenting no grooves upon their lateral sections, but few upon the anterior section, and numerous posteriorly upon that section of the scale that is exposed. The specimens were collected by H. B. Mollhausen, in Coal creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the Canadian river; along the R. R. route explored by Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 2. MoxosTOMA KENXERLii. — In its general physiognomy this species resembles M. ohlongum more than any other of its genus. The greatest depth, taken im- mediately in advance of the dorsal fin, does not enter quite four times and a half in the total length. The head forms a little less than the fifth of that same length. The anterior margin of the dorsal is much nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal ; the upper margin of that fin is sub-convex and as long as high, whilst in M. claviformis the height is much greater than the length. The caudal is deeply concave posteriorly ; the anal is deep and narrow, its extremity extending, as usual in the genus, to the base of the caudal. The ventrals have pretty much the same position as in the preceding spe- cies. D 14 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 10 ; P 13. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal fins, are mere rudiments; also the anterior one in the ventral fins. The scales are not quite so long as in the preceding species. The lower lip is rather broad and very little emarginated, whilst in M. claviformis it is very thin and quite sub-divided. This species was caught in Dry creek, near Victoria, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. Commissioner of the U. S. and Mexi- can Boundary line. 3. JIoxosTOMA viCTORiyE. — Form elongated, fusiform, reminding us, by its general appearance, of certain species of Mullet {Mugil). The greatest depth is nearly equal to the length of the head, which constitutes the fifth of the entire length, the lobes of the caudal fin excepted. The dorsal fin is higher than long. 172 [September, and its anterior margin is situated nearer tlie tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. The latter is forked. D 14 ; A 10 ; C 6, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 9 ; P 11. The sub-opercle is well developed ; the eye is sub-circular, its diameter being contained four times and a half in the length of the side of the head. The snout is rather pointed, sub-conical, and the mouth, which is small, placed entirely in advance of the orbit. Twelve longitudinal rows of scales may be counted upon the greatest depth. The scales upon the dorsal and lateral regions are provided with a black dot or spot upon the anterior part of the exposed portion of the scale. Greatest length of specimens observed, six inches and a half. This species was collected with the preceding, under the same circumstances and in the same locality. 4. MoxosTOMA CAMPBELLi. — Sub-fusiform and elongated like the preceding spe- cies, which it resembles in its general outline, and in the proportions of the head and depth of the body towards the total length. The snout is likewise pointed and sub-conical, but the eye is much larger and the sub-opercle very exiguously de- veloped. The position and shape of the fins do not differ materially from the preceding species, with the exception of the caudal, which is concave posteriorly instead of being forked. D 15 ; A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 9 ; P 15. The scales are smaller than in M. kennerlii ; thirteen rows instead of twelve are to be observed upon the region of greatest depth. Specimens were collected in Live Oak creek, Texas, by Dr. 0. B. Kennerly, under Major Emory, and in Devil's river, by John H. Clark, under Col. Graham. The species, therefore, belongs to the basin of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). As regards the generic features of Ptychostomus, Agass. it fell within our observation that the height of the dorsal may be either equal to its length or a little higher than long, and that the wing-like expansions of the pharyngeals is anything but characteristic of this genus. The transverse folds or ridges upon the lips are shared by Moxostoma, though in a lesser degree. The inferior lip is but slightly lobed. The mouth, however, is much more protrac- tile and directed more downwards. The head is short and stout ; the scales large and of the same size anteriorly and posteriorly. Finally, the conspicuous lateral line will at once distinguish it from Moxostoma. 1. PxYCHOSTOiirs coxGESTUS. — Catostomus conffestus,B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 27. This species comps under this head and not of Moxosto7na. From the Rio Salado, Texas. — John H. Clark. 2. Ptychostomus albidus. — The general physiognomy of this species reminds of us P. co7iffesius, although the body is more slender and the head more elongated. The mouth is a great deal larger, as are also the scales. Greyish white above ; greyish silver beneath. Collected by Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., in the Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon. 3. Ptychostomus haydeni. — The head is contained five times and a half in the total length. The body is sub-fusiform, very regular in its outline. The eye is sub-circular and moderate in its development ; its diameter being con- tained five times in the length of the side of the head. The opercle is largely developed, whilst the sub-opercle is small, a character which is more or less generical. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is much nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the caudal. The height of that fin is a little more than its length; its upper margin is sub-concave. The caudal is forked. The origin of the 1856.] 173 Tentrals is situated in advance of the middle of the dorsal. The tips of the pectorals reach a vertical line drawn from the origin of the dorsal. D 15 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 10 ; P 1 V. Thirteen rows of scales may be counted between the origin of the ventrals and the anterior margin of the dorsal ; the lateral line running through the median row. There are two rudimentary rays at the anterior margin of both the dorsal and the anal, and one at the exterior margin of the ventrals ; these are all sum- med up in the formula. Specimens of this species were collected in the Yellow Stone river, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, and in the Missouri river at Fort Pierre, by Dr. John Evans. Now then, if the principles upon which the above generic divisions are based, be sound, the species which still remain in the genus Catostomus must be further revised and arranged in smaller and more restricted groups. We propose to arrange under the head of MINOMUS, such species as are characterised by an elongated and fusiform body ; a head longer than deep ; a dorsal fin either higher than long, or with both dimensions equal. The lips being tuberculated, moderately bilobed. The pharyngeals not expanded laterally, but considerably bent inwardly. The teeth compressed, decidedly bicuspid, but the inner projection more developed than the outer. The scales being nearly of the same size, but slightly smaller anteriorly than pos- teriorly. 1. MixoMcs iNSiGSis. — Catostomus insignis, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc.Philad. vii. 1854, 28. Inhabits the Kio San Pedro, tributary of the Rio Gila. 2. MixoMus PLEBEius. — Catostomus plebeius, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc.Philad. Tii. 1854, 28. From the Rio Mimbres, Lake Guzman, Mexico. 3. Mdjomus claekii. — Catostomus clarkii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 27. From the Rio Santa Crux. . And then giving the name of ACOMUS to those species in which the head is very elongated, the dorsal fin higher than long, and the scales much smaller upon the anterior region of the body than upon the posterior. The lips being papillated and very deeply cleft. The pharyngeals are gently arched and not expanded ; the teeth compressed and bi- tuberculated, the inner projection conspicuous ; the outer one, obsolete, though existing. 1. AcoMCS FORSTERiANUS. — Catostomusforsterianus, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 116. Inhabits British North America. 2. AcoMCS AURORA. — Catostomm aurora, Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 360. PI. ii. figs. 3 and 4. May not differ from the preceding. Lake Superior. 3. AcoMUS LATiPiMNis. — Caiosiomus latipinnis, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1853, 388. Rio San Pedro, tributary of Rio Gila. 4. Catostomus (Acomus) guzmanieksis, — has the general physiognomy of A. latipinnis, owing to the great development of its fins. Is, however, very readily dis- 174 [September, tinguished from the latter by the presence of much larger scales, and especially upon the dorsal region, where they are very small in A. latipinnis. D 13 ; A 7 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 4 ; V 9 ; P 17. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal, are rudimentary ; so also the exterior one in the ventrals. The head forms the fifth of its total length ; the shape is subquadrangular, subpyramidal. The eyes are small and circular. The lips are well developed and covered with large papillae, but the posterior one is less indented than in A. latipinnis. The upper regions are purplish black, with an orange lateral band from head to tail. The inferior regions are yellowish white. Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major Emory, in Janos River, which empties its water in Guzman Lake, State of Chi- huahua. 5. Catostomus ( Aoomus) generosus. — It is a rather short and contracted species, particularly when compared to A. griseus. The head constitutes about the fifth of the total length. The eye is moderate in size and circular. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is equi-distant between the tip of the snout and the in- sertion of the caudal fin. The scales are larger than in A. griseus. The dorsal region, as well as the flanks, are olivaceous brown, spotted with black. Inferiorly unicolor. Specimens were collected in Cottonwood Creek, an affluent of the great Salt Lake of Utah, and brought home by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 6. Catostomus (xicoucs) griseus. — The body is slender, gracefully fusiform in its outline, the head forming the fifth of the entire length. The anterior margin of the dorsal is equidistant between the tip of the snout and the inser- tion of the caudal fin. The ventrals are inserted opposite the posterior third of the dorsal. The anal is slender. D 13 ; A 10 ; C 6, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 10 ; P 16. Collected in the Sweet Water fork of Platte River, by J. S. Bowman, Esq. Scales exhibiting radiating furrows all around. Upper regions greyish ; infe- rior regions whitish or yellowish. 7. Catostomus (Acomus) lactarius — is closely allied to the preceding species, from which it differs by a stouter head and larger eyes, and larger scales on the body. The structure of the scales themselves is very different, since the radi- ating furrows exist upon the anterior and posterior nections only, instead of being distributed all over the scale. The upper margin of the dorsal is concave, whilst it is nearly straight in A. griseus. D 13 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 11 ; P 17. Greyish brown above, greyish white beneath. Specimens of this species were collected in Milk River, affluent of the upper Missouri, by Dr. George Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. The genus Catostomus, Lesu. would then be restricted to such species in which the head is moderately elon- gated, the dorsal fin generally longer than high, and the size of the scales less disproportionate anteriorly and posteriorly than in Acomus. The lips are papil- lated and deeply cleft. The pharyngeals provided with a little expansion infe- riorly. The teeth are compressed, with the inner projection of the crown alone developed. The type of this group is Catostomus hudsonius. C. communis would be a second species. And the following: 3. Catostomus occidentalis, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1854, 18. — Aqass. Amer, Journ. of Sc. 2d Ser. xix. 1854, 94. 1856.] 175 By a singular coincidence, this species received the same specific name from two authors at a few weeks interval. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. 4. Catostomus laeiatus, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 32. Klamath Lake, 0. T. — Dr. Newberry. 5. Catostomus macrocheilus. — This species is very different from both of the preceding ones by a larger and more elongated head, a larger mouth, and hence much larger lips, covered with large papilljB. The scales which cover the body are larger than in C. Occident alls, and smaller than in C. labiatus. The head con- stitutes the fifth of the total length ; the horizontal diameter of the eye is con- tained nearly six times in the length of the side of the head. The head itself is subquadrangularly pyramidal, truncated anteriorly with the upper edge of the snout projecting. The anterior margin of the dorsal is a little nearer the end of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Its upper margin is concave. The anal is well developed, for its tip extends beyond the base of the caudal. The ventrals are inserted opposite the middle of the dorsal. The pectorals are large and long. D 17 ; A 9 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 6 ; V 10 ; P 18. Bluish black above ; yellowish golden on the sides and whitish beneath. Collected at Astoria, 0. T., by Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 6. Catostomus sucklii. — The head, as usual, forms the fifth of the entire length. It is subquadrangular, the upper surface rather sloping towards the blunt snout. The eye is small and subelliptical ; its horizontal diameter being contained somewhat over five times in the length of the side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is equidistant between the tip of the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Its height is equal to its length, and its upper margin is slightly concave. The posterior margin of the caudal is deeply emar- ginated, crescentic. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance of the middle of the dorsal fin. D 14 ; A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 4 ; V 10 ; P 18. The scales are large and but a little smaller anteriorly than posteriorly ; they are subelliptical in shape, longer than deep, with their anterior and posterior margins irregular. Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Governor I. I. Stevens, in Milk River, an affluent of the upper Missouri. 7. Catostomus bernakdixi. — A specimen of seven inches and a half, slender and graceful. The head forms a little less than the fifth of the total length. The eye is large and subcircular ; its horizontal diameter entering a little over four times in the length of the side of the head. The upper margin of the dorsal is subconvex, the tips of the posterior rays reaching a vertical line which would intersect the anus. The caudal is subcrescentic posteriorly. The ventrals and pectorals are well developed. D 15 ; A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 10 ; P 16. Uniform purplish black above, yellowish white beneath. Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory, at San Bernardino, in the upper waters of the Rio Huagui, west of the Sierra Madre, Mexico. CHONDROSTOMI. This group must include a much greater number of genera and species than was formerly anticipated. But, as a group, it must be based upon characters very different from those derived from the structure of the mouth. Indeed, those cartilaginous maxillary sheathes so prominent in Chondroaioma, Chondrochyhis, Chondrorhynchus and Lavinia, gradually become less and less conspicuous, until we find but a thin pellicle, such as occurs in other groups of the same family. The characters of Chondrostomi, as derived chiefly from the American representa- tives, consist in the absence of barbels ; in the position of the mouth, which is 276 [September, generally overhung by the upper jaw, and sometinaes both jaws are equal. The pharyngeal teeth are of the grinding type and cultriform kind {Dentes cultriformes), disposed upon a single series, with one exception only, and that occurs occa- sionally in Camposioma. I say occasionalbj , because in the majority of cases there is also but one single row in the latter. Ejcoglossum is removed from this group, of which it has none of the characters, except the absence of barbels. "We introduce the tribe by the genus Campostoma, Agass., which may be characterised as follows : Head subconical ; body subfusiforna ; both compressed. Snout obtuse and protractile; mouth inferior, though its cleft is horizontal ; lips very conspicuously developed ; no barbels or cirrhi. Eyes of moderate development. Isthmus very wide. Origin of ventrals situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Caudal furcated. Scales longer than high. Pharyngeal bones strongly curved, with a small dilatation upon their convexity. Teeth of the cultriform kind, of the grinding type, occasion- ally slightly hooked. They are disposed upon a double row of four and one, in the following manner : 4 — 4, or 1 | 4—4 | 1. 1. Campostoma anomalum, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d ser. xis. 1855, 219. —Rutilus anomalus, Rafin. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820, 52. 2. Campostoma ornatum — is larger, more elongated and more fusiform than C. anomalum. The head enters four times and a half in the total length. The diameter of the eye enters nearly six times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are much smaller than in C. anomaluvi. D 8+2 ; A 8 + 2 ; C 7, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 8 ; P IG. The upper regions are purplish black ; the inferior regions golden brown and yellow, with black spots distributed over the flanks. A black patch at the base of all tiie fins, otherwise the latter are orange or yellowish brown. From Chihuahua River and a tributary only a few miles long. Collected by John Potts, Esq. 3. Campostoma formosclum. — This species resembles more C. anomalum than C. ornatum ; the most conspicuous difference between it and the former consist in the presence of larger scales. The ground color is alike, but in C.formosulum black irregular spots are distributed all over the upper region of the body. Numerous specimens collected in the Rio Sabinal, a tributary of the Rio San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under W. H. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mexican Boundary. 4. Campostoma nasutum. — It is a shorter and more compact species, with the peduncle of the tail rather tapering. Its most prominent character consists in Its thick and protruding snout, which overlaps the lower jaw more than in the species already referred to. The ground color is greyish above, and whitish or yellowish beneath ; upper region of body and flanks occasionally marmorated. A black patch at the base of the caudal and dorsal fins. Specimens were collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., at Cadereita, and near Monterey, New Leon, in April, 1853. From the foregoing species of moderate size, we pass to a genus composed of quite small fishe°s, differing from tlie former by the position of the ventral fins, which are inserted either immediately under the anterior margin of the dorsal fin or posteriorly to it, never in advance, as in Campostoma. To designate these we have selected the name of DIONDA. They are very intimately related to the Hyborhynchi, and differing from them by a smaller and more pointed head, a smaller mouth, though constructed upon the same plan as in Jlyborynckus, that is, the lower jaw being thin, flat and rounded upon its periphery. The body is more slender and elongated, the snout 1856.] 177 more protruding. The scales are either large, or else of moderate size, and the lateral line follows more or less the middle of the flanks. The dorsal fin is higher than long, and shorter than in Hyborynchus, and the anterior ray is more closely united to the next. The insertion of the rentrals is always situated posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal, or under it, never in advance of it. The caudal is furcated. The pharyngeal bones are stouter than in Hyboryn- chus, the lower branch or limb has the same length as the upper ; both are more curved, thus rendering the convexity of that bone more conspicuous ; it ig expanded as usual. The teeth are similar to those of ITyborynckus, being, how- ever, not quite so compressed and not hooked. Four are observed upon one single row : 4 — 4. This genus is closely allied to Camposioma, and since our Diondae are, gene- rally speaking, small fishes, we should not be surprised at hearing that some of the species of Camposto?na, while yet immature could not always be easily dis- tinguished from them, for the mouth is, properly speaking, not smaller than in Campostoma. The following species have fallen under our observations. 1 . DioNDA EPiscoPA. — Slender and graceful, fusiform in profile and compressed, with the back slightly arched. The head is large, forming about the fifth of the length. The eye is large and subcircular, its diameter being contained three times and a half in the length of the side of the head. The fins are of but mode- rate development ; the insertion of the ventrals is situated a little posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The rays read as follows : D 8+2 ; A 8+2 ; C 8, 1, 9, 8, 1, T ; V 8 ; P 14. The scales are large, the lateral line following the middle of the flanks. The dorsal region is blackish brown ; a black vitta is observed along the flanks, just above the lateral line, extending from a black spot, upon the base of the caudal, to the extremity of the snout. The inferior region is yellowish white spread over with minute black dots. Collected in the head waters of the Rio Pecos, and brought home by Capt. John Pope, U. S. A. Specimens of the same species were caught by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in Camanche Spring, a presumed tributary of the Piio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), or more probably without outlet. 2. DioxDA SERENA. — Could easily be mistaken for D. episcopa. Its form is slender and elongated, the dorsal outline being nearly straight ; the head enters five times and a half in the total length. The eye is large and circular, its di- ameter entering only three times in the length of the side of the head. The in- sertion of the ventrals takes place immediately opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The pectorals are long and slender, more so even than in D. episcopa. The dorsal region is light brown, the flanks and abdomen being silvery, with the scales of the lateral line dotted with black, imitating spots. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. From the Rio Sabinal, Texas ; collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under W. H. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. 3. DioNDA TEXEXsis, — is a vcry characteristic species. The body is rather deep upon its middle, and the lateral line somewhat depressed. The head is quite small and subconical, entering five times and a half in the total length. The eye is large and circular. The insertion of the ventral fin is placed a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The dorsal region is greyish brown ; the abominal region greyish white ; a difi"used greyish black band may be observed along the middle of the flanks, embracing the lateral line beneath, and a black spot upon the base of the caudal. The ventrals and pectorals are yellow. Numerous specimens were collected in the Rio Nueces, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 14 178 [September, 4. DiONDA PAPALis. — The head in this species is rather small, but rounded off upon the snout ; it forms a little less than the fifth of the entire length. The body is thickish anteriorly, subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly. The dorsal and anal are proportionally well developed. The caudal is forked ; the ventrals are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are large. The coloration has been altered to a uniform black subsequently upon its immersion in alcohol with sundry other specimens. Collected in Delaware Creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos, and brought hojne by Capt. John Pope, U. S. A. 5. DiONDA ARGEXTOSA, — has a small head and obtuse snout, a rather slender and compressed body. The head constitutes 2-llths of the total length. The insertion of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales being quite large, the lateral line is slightly deflected upon the thorax. Color of the dorsal region reddish brown ; sides and abdomen as if painted over with silver or quicksilver. Fins olivaceous. Collected in San Felipe Creek and Devil's River, two tributaries of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 6. DiONDA CHRYSiTis. — ^Very slender and compressed ; head very small and obtuse, contained six times in the total length. Eyes large and circular. Origin of ventrals opposite the anterior margin of dorsal. Upper surface of head tuber- culous. Scales large. Dorsal region reddish brown ; sides and abdomen as if painted with gold. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. Fins them- selves yellowish or olivaceous. Specimens were collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in Live Oak Creek, presumed tributary of Rio Pecos, or else losing itself into the ground. T. DioxDA MELAXOPS. — A rather short and deep bodj^ characterizes this species. The head is proportionally well developed, forming a little less than the fifth of the total length. The snout is conical and not abruptly truncated. The insertion of the ventrals is situated a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal. Scales large. The dorsal region is blackish ; the sides and abdo- men are dotted with black upon a bluish lead ground, giving the whole fish a dark appearance. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. From Buena Vista, Coahuila ; — collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 8. DiONDA couoHi. — Though closely allied to the preceding, it may readily be distinguished from it by a more elongated body and more elongated head. The snout is rounded. The eye is circular and of medium size. The ventrals are inserted posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are quite large. Upper regions greyish black; sides and abdomen yellowish or whitish, either unicolor or maculated. A black spot upon the base of the caudal. Specimens collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., at Guajuco, Monterey and Cadereita, New Leon, in the waters of the Rio San Juan. 9. DiONDA PLUMBEA.— Bcsidcs scvcral other peculiarities of structure, this species may be distinguished from all its congeners by the size of its scales, which are the smallest in the genus. Greyish above, whitish or yellowish white beneath. Black spot at base of caudal. Collected in the head waters of the Canadian River (Llano Estacado), by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 10. DiONDA SPADiCEA. — This has the general aspect of D. plumbca, in being slender and elongated in body and head. The latter, however, is more conical and the eye smaller, the scales being but a very little larger. Colors brownish red above, whitish beneath. No spot at the base of the caudal. From Fort Smith, Ark. ; — collected by H. B. Mbllhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 1856.] 179 The ten species that precede as well as the four following ones, are amongst those whose history has most perplexed us. At last we were glad to recognize the genus Hybort.vchcts, Agass. established upon a species of the Ohio and its tributaries, and belicTcd to be Minnilu^ notatus of Rafincsque. We have examined carefully' the latter species, and after a series of comparative studies we were enabled to add the following few species to the genus which we thus characterize : Head rather short, upper surface depressed ; snout abruptly truncated and rounded. The mouth is of medium size, subterminal, its cleft being horizontal, the lower jaw flattened and thin, rounded upon its periphery and slightly overlapped by the snout. There are no barbels at the angles of the mouth, which do not reach a vertical line drawn in advance of the orbit. The eyes are large ; the isthmus is of moderate width. Anterior ray of dorsal fin shorter than the second. The insertion of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal or in advance of it. The caudal is furcated. The scales are large, higher than long ; the lateral line follows the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are slender, and more so upon the inferior limb, which is longer than the upper and curved backwards and sideways, whilst the upper limb is gently curved inwards. The convexity of the same bone is expanded. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, very much compressed, slightly hooked, and conseqiiently provided with quite a narrow grinding surface. Their disposition is upon a single row of four : 4 — 4. 1. Hyborhtxchus perspicuus. — The head is contained five times and a quarter in the total length, instead of constituting the sixth part of it, as in U. notatus. The moutli and eye, both, are a good deal larger than in the latter. The inser- tion of the ventrals is situated immediately under the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal fin is more deeplv furcated than in H. notatus. D 9+2 ; A 7+2 ; C 10, 1, 9, 8, 1, 8; V 9; P 14. There is a very minute rudimentary ray at the anterior margin of both the dorsal and anal, followed by a second, abont half the height of the fin. Upper region and flanks reddish : abdomen sulphur yellow ; lateral line dotted with greyish purple, more distinct towards the base of the caudal upon which a dark spot exists. Fins yellowish, also with a black spot upon the anterior margin of the dorsal below the middle height. Superior portion of the dorsal, greyish, as also the external margin of the caudal. From Arkansas River, near Fort Smith ; — collected by Dr. Geo. G. Shumardn 2. Htborhynchus tenellus. — It is more slender and more compressed tha even H. perspicuiis. The head is very much depressed, subpyramidal were the snout not rounded, hence appearing quite small ; it is contained five times and a half in the total length. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The eye and mouth are proportionally large, and especially the scales, which are the largest among the hitherto known species of the genus. Color uniform reddish above and on the sides ; yellow- ish beneath. A black spot upon the base of caudal fin. Otherwise the fins are unicolor. Collected twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency, by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple. 3 Hyboriiynciics pcnicecjs. — As regards the general aspect, this species is intermediate between H. perspicuus and 11. tenellus. It is distinguished from both of these by more developed opercular apparatus and much smaller scales. The color is uniform pale red ; the fins are unicolor, yellowish. Specimens were collected in Antelope Creek, a tributary of the Canadian River, by Dr. C. B. Kcnnerly, and from Llano estacado, by H. B. Mollhausen, both under Lt. A. W. Whipple, ll. S. A. 4. Hyborhynchus cosfertus. — This species has a short and contracted appear 180 [September, ance, covered with scales a little larger than in H. piinicevs but smaller than in the other species of the same genus. The opercular apparatus is likewise well developed. Color light red above, yellowish beneath ; a black spot upon the anterior margin of the dorsal. From Hurrah creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos ; — collected by H. B. M611- hausen, under Lt. Whipple. A very remarkable genus, inhabiting our western waters, is that of PiMEPHALES, Eafin. Its body is subfasiform when seen in profile, compressed, however, as usually. The head is large, short, and very blunt upon the snout. The mouth being small, slightly arched, and terminal ; both jaws even. The eye is of moderate development. The isthmus is proportionally wide. The dorsal fin is a little higher than long, provided anteriorly with a rather thick and undivided, short and hard rav. The origin of the ventrals takes place either immediateh^ opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal, or else a little posterior to it. The scales are rather large and the lateral line, after a slight deflection along the thorax, fol- lows the middle of the flanks to the base of the caudal fin. The pharyngeal bones are of moderate stoutness, gently arched, the upper and lower limb nearly equal though the upper is more curved ; the convex portion is regularly dilated or expanded. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, very slightly hooked, compressed, with a narrow grinding surface, disposed upon one single row of four : 4 — 4. 1. PiMEPHALES MACULOsrs. — It is a stouter fish than P. promelas, both in body and head. The latter is almost round. The anterior margin of the dorsal is equidistant between the extremity of the snout and the last scales upon the caudal fin. The origin of the ventrals is situated a little posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are larger also than in P. promelas. Upon a j-ellowish brown ground there are large and irregular black blotches covering more than half the entire surface of the body. The fins are yellow upon their bases and tips, and black upon their middle. The external margin of the ventrals and pectorals is pure white. Caught in the sluice of the Arkansas near Fort Makee, and brought home by Lt. E. °G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 2. PiMEPHALES FASCiATUs. — This spccics has the general aspect of P. 77jnis. The teeth are slender and compressed, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, slightly hooked, without griuding surface, instead of which, a sharp ridge inconspicuously crenated, and disposed upon a double row of four and one, in the following manner, 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. We know already several species of this geaus, besides one formerly described and with which we commence the list. 1. Ctprikella btjbalina. — Leiici.scus bubalinus, B. & G., in Marcy's Expl. of Red Riv. of La. 1853, 249. Zool. PI. xiv, figs. 5 — 8. — It is one of those species, the dorsal outline of which is very much arched. From Otter Creek, a tributary to the northern fork of Red River, Ark. 2. Cyprixella umbrosa. — Also a deep bodied species, much larger than the preceding, indeed the largest of the species hitherto known of its genus. The ventral outline as much arched as that of the back. The greatest depth, taken at the anterior margin of the dorsal, is equal to the third of the length, the caudal fin excluded. The entire length measures about three inches and a quarter, the caudal fin being a little less than the greatest depth. The nape is a little depressed ; the head constitutes the fourth of the length, caudal fin excluded. The eye is circular, its diameter entering a little over three times in the length of side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance the anterior margin of the dorsal. D 8 + 2 ; A 9 + 2 ; C 3, 1, 9, 8, 1, 4 ; V 8 ; P 14, Greyish red above ; greyish white beneath. Fins nnicolor. Specimens were caught by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lt. Whipple, in Coal creek, a tribatary to the southern fork of the Canadian river, Ark., and also twenty miles west of the Choctaw Agency. 3. Cyprinella GONNisoxi. — The body is short but not so deep as in the pre- ceding species. The head is smaller than in C. umbrosa, but the eye preserves the same proportions. A characteristic feature may be found in the scales which show a greater portion of their surface, though equally as high. Color reddish brown, dark above and light beneath. Collected in Cottonwood creek, a tributary of the Great Salt Lake of UtaB, and brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, F. S. A. 4. Cyprinella beckwithi. — A species allied to the preceding by its external form and general appearance, but readily distinguished from it by a larger head, and larger scales also. The latter one likewise larger than in C. umbrosa. Color greyish brown above, orange red beneath ; fins unicolor. From the sluices of the Arkansas river near Fort Makee ; brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 5. Ctprisell.v scavis. — This species establishes the transition between the deep and slender species. The head forms about the fifth, and the depth the fourth of the total length. Yellowish red above, and yellowish white beneath with a silvery hue. Collected near San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 6. Cyprinella lepida. — Elongated and fusiform ; the greatest depth taken upon the anterior third of the body, being contained four times and a half in the total length ; the head forming a little less than the fourth of the same length. The 198 [September, head, therefore, is well developed; the eye is circular, its aiameter being con- tained four times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are larger than in anj- of its hitherto known congeners. Light reddish above, pale sulphur yellow beneath. Caught in the Rio Frio, a tributary to the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 8. Cyprisella notata. — Also an elongated and fusiform species, but easily distinguished from C. lepida, by a shorter head, less furcated caudal, and, especially, by smiller scales ; the latter differing also in their general outline and radiating furrows. Reddish above; yellowish beneath, with a jet black patch upon the base of the caudal fin. Collected in the Rio Seco, a tributary to the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 8. Cyprinella whipplii. — Gracefully elongated and subfusiform. Dorsal region slightly arched upon the insertion of the fin. Greatest depth forming a little more than the fifth of the total length, whilst the head, which is subconi- cal, constitutes a little less than the fifth of the same dimension. The eye is quite large, larger than in any other species of the same genus, since its diameter enters but a little over three times in the length of the side of head. Another very characteristic feature is to be found in a very high dorsal fin, rounded upon its upper margin. The origin of the ventral fins is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are of moderate development, and the lateral iine is but slightly flexed downwards. Reddish brown above; golden yellow beneath ; a black patch upon the posterior margin of the dorsal. Caught in the Sugar Loaf creek, a tributary of Poteau river, itself empty- ing its waters into the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, Ark., by H. B. M611- hausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 9. Cyprinella macrostoma. — This species is very characteristic. The body is deep upon its middle, tapering posteriorly. The head is subconical, with a prominent snout and a very large mouth. The eye is well developed. The ven- trals are inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. Red ; silvery upon the opercular apparatus and middle of the sides. Specimens were collected in Devil's River, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, and at China, New Leon, by Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 10. Cyprinella venusta. — Gracefully compressed and fusiform in profile. The Snout protruding and subconical. The species is related to C. macrostoma. from which it chiefly differs by the relative size of its mouth and shape of the body. The ventrals are likewise inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Greyish red above, pale beneath ; sides silvery. A black patch upon the base of the caudal fin. Numerous specimens were collected in the Rio Sabinal, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 11. Cyprinella texana. — Body very slender and fusiform; head small and subconical; mouth small; e_\e large. Ventrals inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. Color reddish brown, sides silvery ; lateral line accom- panied by black dots terminating into a black spot upon the base of the caudal. From Rio Salado, Texas, and Turkey creek, Texas, collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. 12. Cyprinella luxiloides. — At first, this species would remind us of cer- tain species of Lrixilus in its general appearance. The bodj' being deep, gradually tapering away forwards and backwards. The head is well developed, and the mouth also. Ventrals inserted slightly in advance of the dorsal. Red- dish brown above; silvery beneath. From San Pedro creek, Texas, collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 1856.] 199 13. Cyprinklla lugcbris. — Elongated, fusiform ; head large and mouth ac- cordingly, though the latter is smaller than in C. macroHtoma. The ventrals are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. Dark brown above, silvery upon the sides and under the belly. The locality were this species was collected is not precisely known. It was brought home by Lt. E. G. Bockwith. 14. Cyprinella. LUDiBUNDA. — All the specimens of this species which we have examined are immature, and yet there is no doubt in our njind as to its specific difference from all the species hereto alluded to. The head is small and conical, with the snout round and truncated. The mouth being small. The ventrals inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Color reddish brown; middle of sides silvery; lateral line marked with black do's. Associated with the precediug, and collected under the same circumstances. We next introduce a genus composed of small species, all being provided with scales similar in general outline, to those of both PLarr/yrus and Cyprinella : we call it MONTANA. Its species truly replace the Plargyri in a more southern latitude under a diminutive aspect. As regards structure, they differ widely from Pi!ar^y/-MS, as will appear by the following diagnosis : Body compressed, subfusiform. Head rather small, subconical or rounded. Snout occasionally protruding slightly. Mouth suboblique, terminal ; both jaws generally equal. No barbels. Isthmus narrow. Eyes moderate. Caudal fin bifurcated. These characters, so far, are found in Flargyrus. But now for the differences. The insertion ofthe ventrals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, which is higher than long. The pharyngeal teeth are compressed, of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type, without grinding surface, instead of which, a sharp ridge is observed, very minutely crenated. They are disposed upon a single row of four, thus : 4—4, Besides a species previously described, there are several new ones to be placed on record. 1. MoNiANA LUTRENSis — Lcucisciis lutrcnsis, B. & G. in Marcy^s Expl. of Red Riv. of La. 1853, 251. Zool. PI. xiv. figs. 9—12. From Otter creek, tributary of the northern fork of Red River, Ark. It was also caught in Gypsum creek, a tributary of the false Washita River, by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 2. Montana lecnina. — The largest of the hitherto known species ofthe genus. The entire length measures three inches and a quarter, the head forming the fourth of it, the caudal fin excluded. The body is very deep upon its middle, where the greatest depth is a little less than the fourth of the entire length. The mouth is proportionally small. The eye being circular, its diameter entering four times in the length of the side of the head. The rays are : D9 + 2;AlO + 2; 05,1,9,8,1,7; V9; P 16. Greyish brown above; white or dull yellowish beneath. Specimens were collected in Leon Biver, a tributary to the Rio San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 3. Montana deliciosa. — This is one of the most slender of all the species hitherto known of the genus. Its length is a little over two inches and a half, the head forming the fifth part of it. The latter is proportionally small, sub- conical anteriorly. The eye is quite large and circular, its diameter en- tering about three times in the length of the side of the head. There are ten longitudinal rows of scales upon the greatest depth of the body ; the scales them- 200 [September, selves are large. The color is reddish brown above, silvery along the middle of the flanks and yellowish beneath. Specimens of this species were collected in Leon River, a tributary of the Rio San Antonio, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 4. MoxiANA PRosERPiN'A, — is remarkable for its slender body, subconical head, and very small mouth. The eye is of moderate development. The total length is two inches and a quarter, the head constituting the fifth part of it. Eleven rows of scales may be counted upon the line of greatest depth of the body. Greyish brown above ; metallic greyish white upon the sides and beneath. From Devil's River, Texas ; collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Gra- ham, U. S. A. 5. MoNiANA AURATA. — A most haudsome species, with a rather deep body gradually tapering posteriorly, and a rounded and subtruncated head bearing minute spines upon its upper surface. The eye is proportionally small, and the mouth of medium size. Chesnut brown above ; a diffused blackish streak along the middle of the flanks ; golden beneath. From Piedra Painie, New Mexico ; collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. 6. MoNiANA coMPLANATA. — The most compressed of all the species so far known. The profile is regular ; the peduncle of the tail rather slender. The total length is two inches and a half, the head entering in it five times and a half. The mouth and eye are of but moderate size. Scales large and very deciduous. Pale red above, silvery upon the sides and yellowish beneath. Collected at Brownsville, Texas, by Capt. Van Vliet, U. S. A. 7. JIoNiAXA L/ETABiLis. — The body is subelliptical in profile, the tail slender. The head well developed, being contained four times and a half in the total length, which measures about two inches. The greatest depth is equal to the length of the head. The fins are quite conspicuously developed; the scales large, as usual in the genus, being also deciduous. Reddish brown above, yel- lowish white Ijeneath ; sides silvery. Specimens collected by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lieut. W. A. Whipple, in Hurah Creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos, of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). 8. MoNiANA PULCHELLA. — Allied to M. lutrensis, but differing from it by a shorter snout and a more compact tail. The eye is large also. A distinctive feature between the two species is to be found in the squamation, since the scales are more deeply imbricated in J/, lutrensis than in M. pukhclla. The color is reddish brown ; silvery upon the sides. Caught by H. B. MiJllhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A., in the Sugar Loaf Creek, emptying its waters into the Poteau River, itself a tributary of the Arkansas, near Fort Smith. 0. MoNiANA FRiGiDA. — This specics is a little more than three inches in total length, and stands next to the largest of the hitherto known species. The head forms about the fifth of the length. The body is rather deep and very much compressed ; the caudal fin deeply forked. The eye is circular, and its diameter contained four times in the length of side of the head. The rays of the fins are, D 8-1-2 ; A 8 -f 2 : C 6, I, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 8 ; P 13. The color is of a reddish brown above, silvery white beneath. The middle of the flanks exhibits an indistinct or rather diffused silvery band, sometimes blackish. Specimens of this species were collected by John II. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in the Rio Salado, Rio Sabinal and Rio Medina, all three tributaries to the Rio Sin Antonio, and in the Rio Nueces also. It was likewise caught in the Rio Frio, a tributary of the Nueces by Dr. G. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 1856.] 201 10. MoNiANA coucHi, — rcsembles M. gracilis most ; is, however, distinguished from it by a less fusiform body and a much shorter head. This feature may be traced upon series of specimens of both species with an unfailing constancy. The eye is smaller also, and so is the mouth as might be deduced from the cha- racters just alluded to. From the vicinity of China, New Leon, Mexico ; collected by Lieut. Couch, U. S. A. 11. MoMiANA RUTiLA, — has the general physiognomy of M. gracilis, from which it differs by a more advanced position of the dorsal fin and larger scales. Dorsal region greyish ; sides and abdomen golden. From Cadereita, New Leon, Mex. ; collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 12. MoNiANA NiTiDA. — This species differs from JLcoucJn by a more elongated and fusiform body, more elongated head and much larger eye. From M. rtttila it differs by the same characters of the body, but the head differs by the iiatten- iag of its upper surface. There are eleven longitudinal rows of scales upon the line of greatest depth of the body, five above and five oelow the lateral line. The latter, therefore, is nearly medial, forming but a slight curve upon the middle of the abdomen. Color pale red, sides of head and middle of the flanks silvery. Collected at Cadereita, New Leon, by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 13. JIoNiAXA FORMOSA. — The prettiest species of the genus ; the body is ellipsoid in profile and the tail very much tapering. The region above the lateral line is blackish brown in the adult, and reddish brown in the young, occasionally also dotted with black ; the inferior regions are reddish yellow anteriorly and yel- lowish red posteriorly. Numerous specimens of this species were collected in the Rio Mimbres, Mex. 14. MoNiANA GRACILIS. — A very graceful and slender species, resembling most M. lutrensis, from which it however differs by a much smaller head and a more arched back; the body itself is more compact. Ash grey above, yellowish white beneath ; flanks silvery. Specimens were collected near Monterey, New Leon, by Lieut. Couch, U. S. A. 15. MoxiANA GiBBOSA. — May readily be distinguished from all its congeners by a short and arched body, resembling acyprinodon as much as any fish we might compare it to. Pale reddish above, whitish beneath ; sides silvery. Specimens collected at Brownsville, Texas, by Capt. Van Vliet, U. S. A. 16. MoNiANA TRisTis. — A slcuder and graceful species, subfusiform in profile, though the back is rather arched. The peduncle of the tail is long and of nearly uniform depth. The head constitutes about the fifth of the length. Eleven rows of scales, five above, five below the lateral line. Reddish brown. Brought home by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. The " Fauna Boreali Americana " records under the name of Ci/prinus [Abra- nis,) InUfatus, a species of this family, which bears a strong external resemblance to the large species of Luxilus, and so much so, that, on a superficial examina- tion, no one would hesitate to refer it to the latter genus. The structure of the pharyngeal teeth affords the most striking generic differences, as will be seen further on. In selecting for it the name of RICHARDSONIUS, we have borne in mind the eminent labors of the author of the work just referred to. We will characterize the genus by saying, that the body is very compressed, subelliptical or fusiform in its outline and deep upon its middle. The head is proportionally small ; the mouth terminal, slightly oblique, constructed as in Luxilus, but somewhat larger, yet unprovided with cirrhi or barbels. The eye is large. Isthmus very narrow. Caudal fin forked; insertion of ventrals situ- ated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Anal fin longer than the 202 [September, dorsal, and its anterior margin situated anteriorly to tlie posterior margin of the base of the dorsal, in which respects it differs from Limlus, The pharyngeal bones are narrow, with a slight expansion upon their convexity ; the teeth being of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, strongly hooked, without grinding surface, instead of which a sharp but not crenated ridge. They are disposed upon a double row of four or five and two, as follows : 2 j 4 — 4 | 3, or 2 | 5 — 5 I 2, The present genus bears some resemblance to Squalit/s, from which it may be distinguished by the smooth edge of the dental ridge and the long anal, with its peculiar position in reference to the dorsal. The scales are also smaller and much deeper than long, which is not the case in Squalius. 1. RiCHARDSOxius BALTEATDS. Abramis balieatus, Richakds. Faun, Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 301.— Stoker, Synops. 1846, 160. The specimens before us were collected at Fort Vancouver and Fort Dalles, Columbia River, by Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. RiCHARDSONius LATERALIS, — is more of an elongated and fusiform aspect than R. balieatus. The head is contained four times and a half in the total length. The pharyngeal teeth are five upon the outer row, instead of four. Dorsal regioa blackish brown ; lower part of sides and abdomen silvery; upper part of sides provided with a black band extending from head to tail. Specimens procured at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, TV. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. We adopt the genus LcxiLCS, Raiin. To include such species as are congenerical with Leuchcus chrysoleueus of Mitchill, and Luxilus chrysocephahis of Rafinesque. It is one of the most characteristic genus of North American cyprinoid, and altogether misunder- stood by Heckel ; for, C;i})rinus chrysoleueus, Mitch., which be places in his genus Leucosomus, is generally distinct from Leuciscus pulchellus of Storer, as I have had the opportunity to ascertain. The diagnosis given to Leucosomus by its author, and the figures representing the pharyngeal dentition, leave no room for doubt. Leucosomus, therefore, is not synonymous with Luxilus, but was really es- tablished upon a species most intimately related to the one yet unpublished, and which is the type of the genus Chciloncmus. The latter, therefore, must give way to Leucosomus, a circumstance unavoidable and very much to be regretted, for it complicates the synonymy of both Luxilus and Leucosomus. We characterize as follows the genus Luxilus: " Body very much compressed, flattened laterally, and deepest upon the middle of its length. Head propor- tionally small and compressed like the body. Mouth small, terminal, unpro- vided with cirrhi or barbels. Eyes quite large. Isthmus small. Caudal fins forked ; insertion of ventrals situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Scales large ; lateral line forming a very open curve, convex down- wards." Pharyngeal bones much stouter superiorly than inferiorly ; a slight expansion may be observed upon the convexity of these bones, extending up- wards. The teeth are of the bruising kind of the hooked type with a slight hook and a well developed grinding surface, both edges of which being strongly crenated. They are disposed upon a single row of five, thus: 5 — 5. The three uppermost (sometimes the upper two only), stand out in bold relief from the line of the bone. We meant to have observed, in speaking of the head, that the lower jaw fits into the upper one when the mouth is shut without protrusion of the snout, and that when the mouth is partly open, the lower jaw appears longer than the upper. 1. Luxilus aukeicancs. — Cyprinus amcricanus,LACEP. — Cyprinus chrysoleuctn, MiTOH. — Leucitciis chrysoleueus, Stoebb. — Leucosomtcs americanus, Grd. — For a de- 1856.] 203 scription and a figure of this species, we refer to Storer's " History of the Fishes of Massachussetts," in the fifth Yolume of the memoirs of the American Academy. 2. LrxiLUS COMPRESSUS. — Eutihis compressus, Rafin. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820,51. — KiRTL. Rep. 169. — Leuciscus compressus, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. of Nat. Hist. iv. 1843, 306. Pi. XV. fig. 2.— Storkr, Synops. 1846, 157. 3. LuxiLus OBESus. — Leuciscus ohesus, Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc Nat. Hist, i. 1845, 48 ; and Synops. 1846, 166. — Stilbe obesus, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. Ser. xviii. 1854, 359. 4. LuxiLus occiDKNTALis. — Leucosomus occidentalis, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vii. 1854, 137. 5. LuxiLUs LEPTOSOMUS. — Outline regularly subfusiform ; the depth forming a little more than the fifth of the entire length. The head enters five times and a half in the same dimension. The anal fin is a great deal larger than the dorsal. The scales are larger than in any other species of the same genus. D 9 ; A 13 + 2 ; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 9 ; P 15. Color greyish brown above ; light reddish beneath ; sides silvery. Forked margin of caudal, blackish grey. From Dry Creek, near Victoria, Texas ; collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, un- der Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A., Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. 6. LuxiLus SECO. — Body deeper than in i. leptosomus ; depth equal to the fourth of total length. Head contained five times and a half in the same dimen- sion. Eye very large ; its diameter entering three times only in the length of the side of the head. Mouth small. Scales of moderate development. Light brown above, yellowish white beneath ; sides silvery. Specimens of this species were collected in the Rio Seco, a tribunarj' of the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 7. LuxiLus LuciDUS. — General form resembling that of L. seco. The head, however, is contained but four times in the length of the side of the head. The mouth is a good deal larger, whilst the eye is smaller. The scales, like- wise, attain to a greater development. The color is the same as in the preceding species, with the exception that the tint of the back has a greyish hue and extends more to the sides. Collected by H. B. MOllhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A., in Coal Creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the Canadian River, and also twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency. In the Ichthyologia ohiensis we find the genus Sbmotilus, Rafin. which, though imperfectly characterised, leaves not doubt as to the species the author intended to include in it. Semotilus dorsalis and Scmoiilus cephalus, are both well known species. »S'. diplemia, on the other hand, does not come under this head. The genus Semotilus we therefore restore with the following charac- ters : Head subconical, both jaws equal or else even anteriorly ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique upwards. The mouth itself being large, surmounted with soft lips and without barbels. The isthmus is rather narrow. The insertion of the ventral fins is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin which is higher than long. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales, of moderate size. The pharyngeal bones are narrow, very slightly expanded upon the upper half of their curve. The teeth are of the voratorial kind, of the hooked type with- out grinding surface, stoutish, moderately hooked and disposed upon a double row in the following manner: 2 | 5—5 | 2 ; sometimes 2 | 4—5 | 2. Generally speaking, a black or brown spot may be observed at the base of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. 204 [September, Besides the two species just referred to, the present genus will include : 3. Semotilus atromacolatds. — Cyprinus airomaculatus, Mitch. — Leuciscus atro- muculatus of more modern writers. Leuciscus iris, Val. in Cuv. A- VaL, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xii. 1844, 255, pi. 496. 4. Semotilps MACR0CEPHALU3. — Easily distinguished by its very large head which forms more than the fourth of the entire length. Its body is very much compressed and tapering posteriorly. The scales are more uniformly imbricated than in S. airomaculatus, in which there is a noted difference it that respect be- tween the anterior and posterior portions of the body. The species of this genus are generally very uniform ; the number of the rays of the fins hardly undergoes any variation. In the present species they stand as follows : D 9+2 ; A 9+2 ; C 6, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 8 ; P 15. Two rudimentary rays in front of both the dorsal and anal, one of which very exiguous. Brownish grey above ; silvery white beneath. A black spot at the base of caudal also. Specimens were collected at Fort Pierre, Nebr., by Dr. John Evans, U. S. Geologist. 5. Semotilus speciosus. — A graceful and slender fish, subfusiform in its out- line, the head, which is conical and pointed forwards, constituting exactly the the fourth of the entire length. The ventrals are situated a little further than in S. alromaculalus. The scales of the dorsal region in advance of the dorsal fin are quite small ; and those on the thoracic region smaller than posteriorly along the sides of the tail. There are thirteen rays in the pectorals ; the number of rays in the other fins does not differ from the preceding species. The dorsal region is reddish brown ; the abdomen is yellowish or whitish. A black vitta extends from the nose across the face and eye to the base of the caudal, where exists also a circular black spot, similar to the one upon the base of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Collected in the Sweet Water, a tributary of Platte or Nebraska Ptiver, by the late J. Soule Bowman. We come next to a small fish, constituting a new genus, not without analogy with the Gudgeons, differing from the true Gudgeons, by the absence of barbels either maxillary or buccal and a less prominent snout. We propose to call it TIAROGA, and characterise it as follows : Head small, subconical, depressed. Mouth obliquely terminal, of moderate size and without barbels of any kind. Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower. Eye of medium size. Isthmus very wide. Body slender, subfusiform, compressed. Fins are well developed; dorsal and anal narrow and high ; caudal bifurcated. The insertion of the ventrals takes place in advance the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are small ; the lateral line, medial. The pharyngeals are similar to those in Gohio. The teeth are likewise of the same character : slender, subcylindrical upon their base com- pressed above, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface and disposed upon a double row of one and three, thus: 1 | 3 — 3 | 1. So far but one single species is known. TiAUOGA coBiTis. — About two iuches and a half in total length, the head forming about the fifth of it. The eyes approximate the upper surface of the head which is rounded. The upper regions are brownish, with small blackish spots ; the inferior regions arc unicolor of a yellowish tint. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. Specimens collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, in the Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Gila. 1856.] 205 About three years since, the genus Gila, B. & G. was proposed, to include species whose body was subfusiform, compressed, with the back more or less arched, especially in large and old specimens, and some- times tapering very much posteriorly, with the peduncle of the tail very slender. The head being depressed and proportionally small, with its upper outline often concave ; the snout is elongated ; the eyes are of moderate size ; the isthmus small. The mouth is of medium size, the upper jaw overlapping the lower, so as to conceal its cleft from above. No barbels, or rudiments of barbels. The pharyngeal bones are well developed, the inferior limb, elongated, the upper one forming an open curve ; the'convesity being somewhat expanded, the expansion tapering along the upper and inward limb. The teeth are well developed, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface, subcylindrical slightly compressed and disposed upon a double row of one or two and four or five as follows : 1 | 4 — 5 | 2, or even, 2 | 4 — 5 | 2. The ventral fins are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales are small on the dorsal region and of medium size on the sides, and longer than high. The lateral line forms an open curve along the middle of the abdomen. The species which we now include in this genus, are the following: 1. Gila robusta, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 3G8; and in Sitgr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv., 1853, 148. Fishes, Pi. I. From Zuni River. — Dr. Woodhouse. 2. Gila elegans, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 369; and in Sitgr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv. , 1853, 149. Fishes, PI. II. Specimens from Zuni River, collected by Dr. Woodhouse ; from the Colorado, collected by A. Schott, under Major Emory, and from the Gila, collected by Dr. Heermann, under Lieut. J. G. Parke, U. S. A. 3. Gila gracilis, B. & G. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 369; and in Sitgr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv., 1853, 151. Fishes, PI. III. From Zuni River. — Dr. Woodhouse. 4. Gila grahamii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi 1853, 389. From Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Gila. — John H. Clark. 5. Gila emorii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 388. From Gila River, collected by Dr. John L. Leconte. We separate from the genus Gila, under the name of TIGOMA, some species formerly excluded by us in other genera, to which we add a few others not hitherto described. They all bear a general resemblance to Gila from which they differ by a much smaller mouth, and larger scales, and those of the dorsal region, though smaller than on the sides, are not so disjiropor- tionate. The ventrals are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, and the caudal is bifurcated. It is not deemed superfluous to "state that there are no barbels at the angle of the mouth, and a characteristic of this ge- nus as distinct from Gila, consists in its terminal mouth and even jaws. The pharyngeal bones resemble very much those of Gila, but the inferior limb is not quite so long, the convexity not quite so expanded, and the upper limb more curved inwards. As to the teeth, it requires a minute observation to detect a difference ; they are more compressed and more strongly hooked, otherwise of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type either without a grinding surface or else a grinding surface more or less developed. They are disposed in the fol- lowing wise : 2 | 5—5 | 2, 2 | 4—5 | 2, or 1 | 4—5 | 2, and some intermediate formulae. A. Teeth without grinding surface. 206 [September, 1. TiGOiiA PCLCHELLA. — Gila pulchclla, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 29. From Rio Mimbres, a tributary of Guzman Lake, Mex. — John H. Clark. 2. TiGOMA coNFORMis. — LaviniacoTiformis, B & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 137. From Posa Creek, San Joaquin Valley, Cal. — Dr. A. L. Heermann. 3. TiGOMA BicoLOR. — A large species, the largest of the genus hitherto known to us. It is twelve inches in total length, the head forming the fourth of it. The greatest depth is nearly equal to the length of the head. The eye is subcircu- lar, and its diameter contained about six times in the length of the side of the head. The origin of the ventrals is situated but slightly in advance of the dorsal. The latter is higher than long throughout the genus. The scales are quite large. The dorsal region is bluish grey ; the sides and belly are silvery white, sometimes golden, but always in contrast with the tint of the back. Specimens of this species were collected in Tlamath Lake, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. Williamson, U. S. A. 4. TiGOMA PURPUREA. — This is a much stouter fish than T. pulchclla, which it resembles in other respects ; but its head is larger and its body shorter. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer the extremity of the caudal than the tip of the snout, whilst in T. pulchella it is nearer to the snout than the extremity of the caudal. The scales are also larger than in T. pulchella. The color is of purplish black above and on the sides ; beneath yellowish. Collected at San Bernardino, in the upper waters of Rio Huagui, west of the Sierre Madre, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 5. TiGOMA INTERMEDIA. — Intermediate between T. pulchella and T. purpurea, more closely related however to the former than to the latter. The fins are much less developed, the inferior fins especially are quite small. Collected in the Rio San Pedro, of the Gila, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 6. TiGOMA OBESA. — A vcry characteristic species by its short and deep body, its short and conical head, and its small fins. It bears a general resemblance to T. purpurea, but its head is much smaller. Color of dorsal region bluish grey ; upper half of sides dotted, lower half unicolor and yellowish white like the belly. Specimens of this species were collected in Salt Lake Valley by J. Soule Bowman. 7. TiGOMA HUMBOLDTi. — Resemblcs T. obesa by a deep and rather short body, but the latter is covered with much larger scales. The head and eyes are also much larger. The dorsal region above the lateral line is bluish or greyish black and so the upper surface of the head. The rest is red and golden, except a narrow blackish streak below the lateral line, extending from the thoracic belt to near the anal fin. Collected in Humboldt river by J. Soule Bowman, and Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 8. TiGOMA LiNEATA. — The general aspect is elongated, the body being subfu- siform, and the head small and conical, constituting a little less than the fourth of the total length. The ground color is yellowish ; the centre of the scales of the upper regions being black, the back and upper half of the flanks ap- pear as if marked with alternate lines of black and yellow. Specimens of this species were likewise collected by Lt. E. G. Beckwith. 9. TiGOMA GRACILIS — The body is elongated and compressed, subfusiform, re- sembling T. lineata, but the head is more elongated. The ventrals are inserted but a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, whilst they arc more so in T. lineata. In the latter the pectorals are short and broad ; in the present species they are narrow and elongated. The scales are smaller than in T. lineata. Bluish grey above and on the sides ; yellowish beneath. 1856.] 207 Collected by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. B. Teeth provided with a grinding surface more or less conspicuous. 10. TiGOXfA GiBBOSA — Gila gibbosa, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii, 1854, 28. — Resembles T. purpurea, but its scales are a good deal smaller. Specimens were collected near Santa Cruz, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. and at Tuczon, Sonora, by Dr. A. L. Heermanu, under Lt. J. G. Parke, U. S. A. 11. TiGOMA NiGRESCEXS — This is quite an elegant species, being elongated and slender like T, pulchella and T. gracilis. It differs from T. gibbosa by a more conical head and snout. The ground color is yellowish, the body of the scales being covered with crowded black dots, the back and sides appear almost black. The belly is unicolor. In the young, tlae upper regions are lighter than in the adult. Specimens were collected in the Boca grande and Janos river, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A. 12. TiGOMA PULCHRA. — The body is graccfully elongated, in which respect it resembles T. nigrescens, from which it may be distinguished by its smaller head and larger scales. The color, moreover, is of a far more brilliant type : the dorsal region is reddish or blackish brown, the sides and belly of a uniform golden yellow ; a diffused black streak may occasionally be seen along the upper portion of the flanks, very likely more predominent in the male than in the female. Collected in Chihuahua Paver and tributaries, by John Potts, Esq., of Chihua- hua, Mex. 13. TiGOMA CRASSA. — This spccics has a short and deep body ; the greatest depth being more than the fourth of the entire length. The head is small and conical, constituting nearly the fifth of the entire length of the fish. The scales are very large, higher than long and the lateral line deflexed upon the abdo- men as usually the case in this genus. The color of the back is bluish or purplish black, greyish black on the sides where the yellowish ground color appears ; beneath unicolor. Caught in the Sacramento River near Fort Reading, Cal., by Dr. John S. New- berry, under Lt. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Next to these numerous species in which the system of dentition seems to be in a unstable condition, we place the new genus CHEONDA, which has the general aspect of both Gila and Tigoma, by the position of the ventrals in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, by the absence of barbels at the angle of the mouth, which is of moderate size. The body is elongated, fusiform in profile, and very much compressed. The caudal fin is bifurcated. The head is rather small and subconical, and the snout, though rounded, is yet elongated. The eye is large and the isthmus small or narrow. The scales being of medium size and the lateral line greatly deflexed upon the abdomen. The teeth are of the prehensile kind, of the hooked type, with a grinding surface ; they are compressed and disposed upon a double row of two and four and five, thus : 2 | 4 — 5 | 2. 1. Cheoxda cooperi. — The fins are well developed and the anal is larger than the dorsal. Their formula is as follows : D lO-f-12; A 11 + 2; C 7, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V9-f 1; P 16. The dorsal region is reddish grey ; the sides and belly silvery white, with a golden reflect. Collected at Fort Vancouver, Columbia River, by Dr. John G. Cooper. 2. Cheonda ccebulea. — May readily be distinguished from its congener by 208 [September. the presence of much smaller fin ; the anal is a good deal smaller than the dorsal, and the Ventrals a little less anterior, with reference to the dorsal. D 10+2 ; A 84 2 ; 6, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 10+1 ; P 16. Upper regions of a greyish azur ; inferior regions dull silvery white ; black dots scattered all over the back, sides and bellj^. Caught in Lost River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. R. S. William- son, IT. S. A. There is another generic type, for which we have provided the name of SiBOMA, composed so far of but two species, one of which originally referred to the genus Lavinia. It is to be recognized by a stout and somewhat compressed body, covered with large scales. The caudal is crescent-shaped posteriorly; the origin of the ventrals is situated a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal, or immediately under it. The head is rather small, sloping towards a wedge-shaped snout, rounded superiorly. The mouth is of small size, horizontal, terminal, with jaws even. No barbels. Eye below the me- dium size. Isthmus rather narrow. Pharygngeal bones stout, expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior branch short and bent inwardly so that its extremity is directed outwardly, whilst the upper branch is slightly bent inwards. The teeth are large and very compressed, and terminated by a slender hook. They are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type without grinding surface properly so callec*, but instead of a sharp edge along the inner margin of the teeth, a blunt and narrow ridge may be observed. They are disposed upon a double row of one and two and four and five, as fol- lows : 1 I 4—5 I 2. 1. SiBOMA CRASSiCAUDA. — Lavitiia crassicauda, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. viii. 1854, 137. Specimens of this species were procured by Dr. A. L. Heermann, under Lt. R. Williamson, in the San Joaquin, Mercede and Mohave Rivers, Cal. 2. SiBOMA ATRARiA. — The largest specimen of- this species which we have ex- amined is about seven inches in length, and although small, compared to the specimens of S. crassicauda, to which we had to compare it, yet the distinctive features between the two species appear very striking. And first of all, the imbrication of the scales in S. atraria, is such as to expose more of their surface than in S. crassicauda, and moreover the lateral line in S. atraria inins along the seventh row of scales from the insertion of the ventrals upwards, leaving eleven rows above it, to the base of the dorsal fin, whilst in S. crassicatida, there are as many rows of scales below as above the lateral line. The absolute number of longitudinal rows of scales is the same in both species. The head is proportionally larger than in S. crassicavdu, but the fins are much less de- veloped. The ground color is olivaceous, the sides and the back being nearly black or brownish black, from the number of confluent maculae and dots. The fins itself are blackish upon an olivaceous ground. The sides and upper part of the head, are likewise brownish black. Found in a spring, in Utah Districtj near the Desert, by Lt. E. G. Beckwith. The species which are arranged under the genus Ptycuocheilcs, Agass. remind us by their general appearance of both Mylocheilvs and Mylopharodon. They have an elongated, subcylindrical and compressed body, an elongated head, a mouth deeply cleft, but no barbels upon its angle. The upper jaw overlaps the lower, though the mouth remains horizontal and subtcrminal. The eye is of moderate size ; and so with the isthmus. The ventral fins are inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is furcated. The scales, of medium size ; the lateral line nearly medial. The 1856.] 209 pharyngeal bones are long and slender, slightly expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior limb much more slender than the upper. The teeth are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type without grinding surface, subconical, slightly hooked, and disposed upon a double series of two and four or five, thus: 2 I 4—4 | 2, or 2 | 5—5 | 2. 1. Ptvchocheilus grandis. — Gila ffrandis, Ayres, Froc. Cal. Acad. Nat. So* i. 1854, 18. — Ptychocheilus major, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. Ser. xix. 1855, 229. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. 2. Ptychocheilus oregonensis. — Cyprinus {Leuciscus') oregonensis, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 305. — Ptychocheilus gracilis, Agass. &. Pick. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d, ser. xix. 1855,229. Specimens of this species were collected at Fort Vancouver and Fort Steila- coom, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, at Astoria, 0. T. by Lt. Trowbridge, and in ViUa- mette River, by Dr. Newberry, under Lt. Williamson, U. S. A. 3. Ptychocheilus rap ax. — This is a large species too, differing from P. grandis by a proportionally shorter head, a more advanced position of the ventral fins and by much smaller scales on the dorsal region in advance of the dorsal. The inferior limb of the pharyngeal bones is not so long and slender, and there are but four teeth upon the main row, instead of five. The teeth and bones are stouter. Colors, blackish brown above ; whitish beneath. From Monterey, Cal. ; collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 4. Ptychocheilus lucios. — A very characteristic species. The body is com- pressed, but the head is flattened or depressed and very much developed, con- stituting nearly tlie fourth of the entire length. The dorsal and ventrals are situated quite posteriorly. The scales are below the medium size, and the lateral line is bent downwards upon the abdomen. The pharyngeal bones are very slender ; the inferior limb is almost exiguous and proportionally as long as in P. grandis. There are, however, but four teeth upon the main row, instead of five, as in the case of P. grandis. Color bluish grey above ; silvery gclden beneath. Collected in the Rio Colorado, by A. Schott, under Major W. H. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. 5. Ptychocheilus vorax. — The head is also depressed in this species, but it is much smaller since it contitutes the two-ninths of the entire length. The body is much deeper than in P. lucius, and the ventrals are situated more in advance of the dorsal. The dorsal itself is not situated so far back. The scales are very small upon the dorsal region between the dorsal fin and the occiput. Bluish above ; silvery beneath. Specimens were brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. The precise locality, not known. APPENDIX. The following species are here recorded as complementary to the preceding ones. 1. Hybognathus REGIUS. — A large and beautiful species, the largest that has, so far, come to our knowledge, some of the specimens measuring seven inches in length. The body is gracefully elongated, compressed, fusiform in its outline. The greatest depth, taken immediately in advance of the dorsal fin, is contained about five times in the length, or five, and a third of a time. The head is of moderate development, subconical, subtruncated, contained six times in the total length. The mouth is quite small. The isthmus, very narrow. The origin of the ventrals recedes a little from the anterior margin of the dorsal, 16 210 [September, which anterior margin of the dorsal, is nearer to the tip of the snout than the base of the central rays of the caudal. D 2+9; A 2 + 9; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, 7 ; V8; P 15. There are thirty-eight scales in the lateral line ; six longitudinal rows above it, and four beneath, upon the line of greatest depth. Color brownish red above, pale reddish beneath ; flanks shining of silver and gold. Inhabits the Potomac River, and probably all the fresh waters of Maryland. It is commonly called Smelt, at Washington and vicinities, and Gudgeon at Baltimore and surrounding counties. 2. Hybognathus nitidus. — Leuciscus nitidus, Dekay, N. Y. Fauna, iii. 1842, 209. PI. xxxiii. fig. 105.— Storkr, Synops. 1846, 162. Collected at Westport, Lake Champlain. — S. F. Baird. HUDSONIUS. Body elongated, compressed, fusiform in profile, and covered with quite large scales. The lateral line being nearly medial. The head is of but moderate size ; the snout being subcorneal and rounded anteriorly. The mouth is subterminal, somewhat protractile, in which situation it is directed obliquely forwards and downwards ; when shut, the lower jaw fits within the upper, the snout being slightly protruding. There are no barbels about the mouth. The eyes are large ; the isthmus is small. The dorsal is higher than long ; its anterior margin is even with the insertion of the ventrals. The anal has a proportionally longer base than the dorsal. The caudal is deeply furcated. The pharyngeal bones are well developed ; the inferior limb is rather short, its extremity being flattened and slightly turned outwardly. From the middle of the convexity a sudden expansion occurs, tapering into the upper limb, slightly curved downwards. The teeth are of the bruising kind, of the hooked type, provided with a grinding surface. But there occurs many irregularities, being more or less hooked and the grinding surface more or less developed. It is not uncommon to observe all these variations upon the pharyngeal of a single specimen. The teeth are disposed upon a double row with the following variations : 2 | 4 — 4 | 2, 2 I 4—4 I 1, 0 1 4—4 I 2, or 0 I 4—4 | 1. 1. HuDSONius FLUViATiLis.— Clupea hiidsom'a, Clinton, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. I. 1824, 49. PI. ii. fig. 2. — Leuciscus hudsonius, Dekay, Fauna, of N. Y. III. 1824, 206. PI. xxxiv. fig. 109.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 157.— Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 272. Specimens collected in Chicago Harbor, Lake Michigan, and in the Root River, at Racine, Wise. — S. F. Baird. 2. Hudsonius amarus. — This species is closely allied to the preceding, from which it diifers by a smaller head and smaller eye. Its opercle is also broader compared to its height or depth. The head constitutes the sixth of the total length. The greatest depth taken immediately in advance of the dorsal, enters a little over five times in the total length. The coloration is nearly the same as in Il.Jiuoiatilis, with the exception that the black snot at the base of the tail disappears at a much earlier period. The species grows to a much larger size also ; we have seen specimens seven inches long, in which the satin band along the sides and the black spot of the tail had given way to a uniform golden hue extending to nearly the entire body. Caught in Chesapeake Bay, and as far up the Potomac River as Washington, where it is caught along side with Hybognathus regius, and similarly called Smelt. Hybopsis, Agass. This genus was left rather vaguely defined by its author, for there are many genera in which "the mouth is protractile downwards, after the fashion of Catostomus" with the lips neither swollen nor thickened. And many other genera 1856.] 211 too, in which there is " only four or five compressed and hooked teeth in each main row, and one or two in a second row." What is really of generic value is left for us to conjecture, since we are not in possession of its typical species. The generic characters which we now offer are based upon Lcuciscus storerianus and a new species from Alabama, and should they prove generally distinct fi-om H. gracilis, a new name will have to be coined for our species. Body elongated, compressed, subfusiform in profile, covered with rather large scales. The lateral line being straight, along the middle of the flanks. The head is of moderate size, subconical and rounded upon the snout ■which protrudes beyond the lower jaw. A barbel, inserted upon the anterior margin of the posterior extremity of the maxillary, may be seen at the angle of the mouth. The eyes are large, the isthmus narrow. The dorsal is a little higher, and the anal deeper, than long. The insertion of the ventrals takes place opposite the second ray of the dorsal, hence very nearly under its anterior margin. The tail is deeply furcated. The pharyngeal bones have the same form and appearance as in Iludsonius ; the teeth are likewise of the same kind (bruising) and type (hooked with a grinding surface), but more irregular yet. Sometimes not hooked, the grinding surface contorted and nearly absent, or even resembling a truncated cone. They are disposed upon a double row of four and one : 1 | 4 — 4 | 1, or 0 | 4 — 4 | 1. This genus, it will appear, is intimately related to UudsoniKS, from which it chiefly difi'ers by the presence of barbels at the angle of the mouth, and by its straight lateral line also. 1. Hybopsis storerianus. — Rutilus Storeriamts, Kirtl. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. I. 1842, 71. — Lcuciscus storerianus, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. V. 1845, 30. PL ix. fig. 2.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 265. From Marietta, Ohio. — Prof. E. B. Andrews ; Russellville, Ky. — Dr. Shumard 2. Hybopsis winchelli. — It is a shorter and more contracted species than the preceding. The head forming but the fifth of the total length, whilst it constitutes the sixth in H. storerianus. The eye and mouth are also larger ; the same is the case with the scales. The color is pale red with a silvery streak along the middle of the flanks. From Black Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Winchell. CLIXOSTOMUS. A genus instituted to include several new species, together with one pre- viously described as a Lcuciscus. Its characters are as follows : Body elongated, compressed, subfusiform in profile. The head is compressed like the bodj-, the frontal surface being verj- declivous and sloping towards a pointed rostrum, so that in profile the head is subtriangular, and if broader, would be wedge-shaped when seen from above. The mouth is very large, the lower jaw longer than the upper, beyond which it protrudes, giving to the cleft an oblique direction upwards. The eye is very large ; the isthmus, quite narrow. The dorsal is higher than long, and inserted on the space between the ventrals and the anal, a little nearer to the former than the latter in a vertical line. The caudal is deeply furcated. The scales are of but moderate development, varying con- siderably in size between the diflerent species. The lateral line forms a down- wards curve upon the abdomen so as to bring its convexity nearer to the ventral than the dorsal outline. The pharyngeal bones are rather slender, the lower limb especially; a slight expansion may be observed upon their convexity; the upper limb being flattened, bent inwardly and either shorter or of equal length with the lower limb. The teeth are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type without grinding surface, and disposed thus; 2 | 4 — 4 | 2, or 2 | 5 — 4 | 2, and sometimes 1 | 4 — 4 | 2. This genus is more closely related to Ptychochcilus than to any other of the family. The pharyngeal teeth are constructed upon the same pattern; the chief difference being found in the inclined cleft of the mouth, and the pro- trusion of the lower jaw beyond the upper. 212 [September, 1. CuKOSTOMCS ELONGATUS. — Luxilus elo7igatus, KiRTL. Rep. 1838, pp. 169, 193. — Bost. Journ. Nat Hist. III. 1840, 339. Pi. iy. 1. — Leuciscus elongattis, Dekay, Fauna, of N. Y. III. 1843, 214.— Stoker, Synops. 1846, 161.— Val. in Cuv. & Val. Hist Nat. Poiss. XVII. 1844, 494. — Leuciscus productus, Storer, Synops. 1846, 164. Inhabits most of the tributaries of the Ohio River. 2. Clinostomcs fcnduloides. — The body is proportionally much shorter than in C. elongatus, and less tapering posteriorly also. The head consti- tutes a little more than the fifth of the entire length. The greatest depth is equal to the length of the head. The eye is a little smaller than in any of its hitherto known congener; its diameter entering three times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are a good deal larger than in C. elongatus. The color is of a pale red, with a silvery hue along the middle of the flanks, and a few scattered black spots. ' The specimens before us we caught in the creeks and inlets of the Potomac River, in the neighborhood of Washington, D. C, the largest of which measuring about three inches. 3. Clinostomus affinis. — Resembles the preceding one in its general bear- ing. The body however seems to be more tapering posteriorly, the head larger and the mouth more deeply cleft, since the posterior extremity of the maxillary reaches a vertical line passing through the anterior rim of the pupil, whilst in C . funduloides the extremity of the same bone extends but half way between the anterior rim of the orbit and the pupil. The eye is a little larger also, whilst the scales are smaller. Inhabits the waters of James River, Va. — Collected by S. F. Baird. 4. Clinostomus carolinds. — The head is larger than in C. affinis, and the body more elongated, compared to the depth. The eye is a great deal larger, and the scales smaller. Blackish brown above, with scattered black spots ; reddish beneath ; flanks golden. From Salem, N. C. — Collected by J. T. Lineback and School. Specimens sent to the Smithsonian Institution. Alburnus lepidulds. — The most slender and elongated of the species hitherto known to us. The total length is about four inches, in which length, the depth enters a little over eight times. The head itself constitutes about the sixth of the length. The posterior extremity of the maxillary scarcely reaches the vertical line drawn in advance of the orbit. The caudal fin is a little longer than the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is nearly equidistant between the tip of the snout and the concavity of the caudal. The pectorals and ventrals are rather small. A broad silvery band maybe observed above the lateral line. Specimens from Black Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Winchell. Plargyrus argentatus. — A specimen of this species is about three inches long, the head forming the fifth of the entire length. A vertical line drawn across the anterior rim of the orbit, intersects the extremity of the maxillary bone. The eye is large ; its diameter entering three times in the side of the head. The dorsal scales anterior to the dorsal fin arc quite small, contrasting greatly with those of the side which are well developed. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer to the insertion of the rays of the caudal fin than the tip of the snout. The dorsal region is pale red, whilst the sides appear as if coated with silver. Inhabits the waters of James River, Va. — S. F. Baird. CERATICHTHYS, Baird. Body elongated, fusiform or subfusiform, somewhat compressed. Head flattened above, very declivous anteriorly with the snout rounded and over- lapping the lower jaw. Mouth moderate in size, subterminal and horizontal 1856.] 213 provided with a barbel upon its angle, and inserted upon the extremity of the maxillary bone. Eye approximating the upper surface of the head, and rather moderate in size. The isthmus is wide. The insertion of the ventrals is even with a vertical line drawn from the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The latter is higher, and the anal deeper — than long. The scales are large, and the lateral line nearly straight along the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are pretty stout upon their convexity which is very slightly expanded, whilst the upper and lower branches are nearly equally developed, the latter however, more slender. The teeth are stoutish, compressed, of the prehensile kind of the hooked type, generally without grinding surface. Sometimes, however, a grinding surface may be observed upon some of the teeth which are subject to some variations being compressed or else subconical, generally hooked and occasionally conical. They are disposed upon a single row : 4 — 4 . 1. Ceratichthys biguttatu.?, Bd. — Semotilus biguUafus, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. III. 1840, 344. PI. v. fig. 1. — Leuciscm biguttatus, Dekay, Fauna of N. Y. III. 1842, 214.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 161. From Yellow Creek, a tributary of the Mahoning. — J. P. Kirtland. 2. Ceratichthys amblops. — Rutilm amhlops, Rafin. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820, 51. Falls of the Ohio. — Rafinesque. 3. Ceratichthys leptocephalus. — A species easily to be distinguished from its congener, by its small head which enters four times and a half in the total length. The body itself is proportionally shorter than in C. amblops especially. Its scales are likewise larger than in the latter species. The color is of a uniform blackish grey above, and greyish white beneath. Specimens were collected at Salem, N. C, by J. T. Lineback and School, and preserved in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. NocoMis BELLicus. — It is a more bulky and deeper fish than its con- gener from Nebraska. And what is still more characteristic, its head is smaller, hence its mouth smaller also. We could not detect the small teeth constituting the inner row, but supposed they got lost in the preparation of the pharyngeaf bones. At any rate, whether lost or entirely absent, we have here a second species of the genus Nocomis. Color reddish above ; reddish yellow beneath, with an obsolete black spot upon the base of the caudal. Caught in the Black Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Wiuchell. Description of the Byssus in the genus Unio. By Isaac Lea. Professor Kirtland published in the American Journal of Science for July. 1840,* some observations he had made on the anatomical and physiological characters of the Naiades, and was the first a few years before to have noticed, that at least some species of Unio, when very young, were anchored to some foreign substances by " a small silky filament" attached to the foot. I Imd casually observed the fact in a single instance, in Unio complanatus from the Schuylkill, but had not the opportunity of again witnessing it. The Professor followed up his discovery at different periods, and found thus attached the young of the following species ; viz., zigzag, elegans, dehisccns, ebemis, crassus, foliatus, pyramidatus, crassidens and gibbosus. The fact at the time was considered of great interest, and it was very much desired that further observations should have been made. Nothing has, how- ever, to my knowledge, been since published in connexion with the subject neither in this country nor in Europe. M. D'Orbigny discovered in the Rio Parana, South America, a very remarkable fresh water bivalve, which he named * Page 167 figs, a and b. 214 [September, Byssanodonta Paranensis, (Voy. dans TAmeriqiie Merid.) This always remains attached by a bi/ssus, proceeding from the foot. It has anterior and posterior adductor muscles. In the examination of the soft parts of a very large number of species of this family, from Georgia, which I have been enabled to do through the kindness of Bishop Elliott, I have noticed in the adults of two small species, a perfect byssus attached to Ihe lower portion of the foot, posterior to the base. In dissecting five specimens of Unio acutissimus, nobis, from Etowah River, Georgia, I found in a full grown specimen, one and a quarter inches wide, a large fine byssus, fully an inch in length, thicker than a horse hair, quite flattened, semitransparent, and without any appearance of fibre, but rather hornlike. At the point of insertion in the foot, the filament is a little enlarged and rounded, and there is also at the same point the rudiment or remains of a second one. The other extreme end of this filament, where it was attached to the foreign sub- stance to which the animal had anchored itself, is evidently perfect, shewing the true length of the byssus. At this end it is divided into four branches, undoubt- edly having been attached. Of the five specimens before me, one only has the byssus remaining ; but it is evident, from the fact that each of the others has a longitudinal cicatrix at the point of the former attachment, that every one had been furnished with a byssus. I found also that the same kind of byssus existed in the adult of the closely allied species, Unio Conradicus, nobis, which accompanied the above from the same locality. There are three of this species, one of which has a portion of the byssus attached in the same manner, but evidently broken off and not being more tlaan the fourth of an inch long. This filament is much more delicate than that described above, not being thicker than a human hair. It is not flattened, but rounded. Close to its insertion in the foot is a second one, shorter and probably the remains of a separate filament of attachment, the genus Pinna having in- numberable fine threads of attachment, the shell itself of one species being some- times found more than two feet in length. In all the eight specimens of the two Uniones above mentioned, the impressed cut or cicatrix made by the byssus is very observable, so that there cannot re- main a doubt, but that they had all been attached until they had arrived at adolescence. As part of these were no doubt anchored when taken from the water, and part of them free and locomotive, it appears that it cannot be necessary to their existence that they should retain their normal condition of attachment. There arc other allied species, forming with these a group, of which ac!<^(ssm?« is the type, which I have not had the advantage of examining ; but I have no doubt that those will all be found to be also anchored by a byssus, in the same manner. These facts will I hope draw the attention of the Zoologist more closely to ob- serve the habits of this family. Dr. LeConte, on behalf of the Committee appointed to revise the list of members and correspondents of the Academj', presented a cor- rected copy of the list ; which report was adopted, and the Committee dischar<;cd. The Corresponding Secretary read his report for September. ELECTION. Mr. Wm. G. Binney, of Gcrmantown, Dr. Wm. Smith Forbes, and Mr. Wm. Weightman, of Philadelphia, were elected members of the Academy. 1856.] 215 October 7th, 1856. Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From W. G. Binney, dated Germantown, October 5th, 1856, ac- knowledging his election to membership. From H. W. Kennedy, dated Buenos Ayres, August 5th, 1856, transmitting specimens for the museum. On leave granted, Mr. Lea offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted. Resolved, That the members of the triennial General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, with their familieSj be invited to visit the Museum on public days, during their session in this city. Resolved, That an invitation be transmitted to the members of the United States Agricultural Society to visit the Museum on public days, during their session in this city. October 14 /A. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Library Department of the Hoyal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated November, 1855, transmitting donations. From the Royal Society of Sciences at Upsal, dated August 7th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal (Vol. iii. part 2,) and the Proceedings (vol. vii. Nos. 2-7,) of the Academy. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Naples, dated March 10th, 1854, accompanying vol. vi. of the Transactions of the Academy. Dr. Le Conte presented a paper, for publication in the Journal of the Academy, entitled '' Synopsis of the Melolonthidse of the United States, by John L. Le Conte, M. D. ;" referred to a Committee consist- ing of Mr. Schaf hirt, Mr. Guex, and Dr. Bridges. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Notice upon the species of the genus Salmo of Authors, observed chiefly in California, by Charles Girard, M. D. ;" referred to a Com- mittee consisting of Drs. Morris, Hallowell, and Bridges. Dr. Leidy presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled " Notices of extinct Vertebrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Professor Cook, of the State Geological Survey, under the direction of Dr. W. Kitchell, by Joseph Leidy, M. D. ; referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Le Conte, Hallowell, and T. B. "Wilson. Mr. Lea exhibited two specimens of Uniones, illustrating his paper on the Byssus of the Genus Unio, read September 23d. On leave granted, Mr. Vaux moved that the Academy authorize the publication of the list of members and correspondents recently report- ed by the Committee appointed to prepare said list; which was 60 ordered. 216 [OCTOBEE; October 2\st. Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Rev. M. A. De Wolf Howe, Secretary of the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies of the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, dated October 1856, acknowledging the receipt of an invitation to visit the Museum of the Academy. From George French Angus, Secretary of the Trustees of the Aus- tralian Museum, dated Sydney, New South Wales, May 1st, 1856, offering exchanges. Referred to the Curators with power to act. From the Hon. W. L. Marcy, Secretary of State, dated Washington, October 1st, 1856, transmitting a collection of Books for the Academy, sent to the Department of State by Charles Huffnagle, Esq., Consul- G-eneral of the United States at Calcutta. From Joseph Barnard Davis, dated Shelton, Staffordshire, October 3d, 1856, acknowledging his election as Correspondent. The following papers were presented : — " Descriptions of new species of Birds in the National Museum, Washington, and in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by John Cassin ;" referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidy, Bridges, and Wilson. " Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Edward Hallowell, M. D." " Notice of a collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A., by Edward Hallowell, M. D." Both referred to a Committee consisting of Messrs. Cassin, Le Conte, and Vaux. " Notices of Remains of extinct Vertebrated Animals, discoverd by Prof. E. Emmons, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." " Notices of some re- mains of Fishes, discovered by Dr. jno. E. Evans, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." Both referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Bridges, Mr. Lea and Dr. Le Conte. Otloher 2Sth. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. The Comittee on Dr. Le Conte's paper, read 14th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Journal of the Academy. The Committees on Drs. Girard's and Leidy's papers, read 14th inst. ; on Mr. Cassin's, and Drs. Hallowell's and Leidy's papers, read 21st inst., severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings of the Academy. 1856.] 217 Notice upon the Species of the genus Salmo, of authors^ observed chiefly in Oregon and California. By Charles Girard, M. D. In the 21st volume of the " Histoire Naturelle des Poisons," published in 1848, Valenciennes subdivides the genus Salmo of Artedi, Linnseus, and others into three genera: the sahnons proper {Salmo'), the salmon trouts (Fario), and the brook trouts (Salar), each characterised by the number and arrangement of the vomerine teeth. This method we have applied to the species of the present synopsis, which is but an abstract of a more elaborate memoir to be published shortly, accompanied with figures of most of the species. Needless to say that the observations here recorded have al! been made upon specimens preserved in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. The sources whence specimens were obtained, are enumerated under each special heading ; all being well known to the lovers and cultivators of Natural History. Genus Salmo, (Artedi), Valenc. Gen. char. Body fusiform ; head large ; mouth generally deeply cleft, and armed with conspicuous teeth. Pre-maxillary (intermaxillary) bones short and rather situated upon the sides of the snout than upon its extremity ; the max- illaries are attached behind them and composed of a single bone. The lower jaw is strong, and terminates frequently into a small knob or tubercle, which, in some species, acquires a very great developement. Strong and conical teeth, disposed upon a single row, are implanted upon the dentary. A few teeth on the front of the vomer; none on the shaft of that same bone ; a single row of them is also observed along the palatines, and two rows upon the pterygoids and upon the tongue. There is one anterior dorsal fin, followed posteriorly by a small adipose more or less thick. The caudal is well developed, and either truncated posteriorly or slightly emarginated. Syn. Salmo, Artedi, Gen. Pise. ed. Walbaum, 1'792, 58. — Valenc. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. 1848, 166. The scales, on all the species, hare that common character of being deprived of those radiating grooves or furrows which extends from the organic centre of the scale to its periphery. The concentric, or lines of growth, are the only ones extant, and, in many instances (in Salmo and Fario, especially), they are inter- rupted or else have become obsolete upon the posterior section of the scales. In many instances, also, they have disappeared from the organic centre itself, which, under the microscope, appears perfectly homogeneous. Generally speak- ing, their outline is subelliptical, elongated in the direction of the longitudinal or horizontal axis of the body. Differences of minor value may be observed in each species. 1. Salmo scouleri. Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 158 and 223. PI. xcvi. — Dekay New Y. Fauna, iii, 1842, 242.— Storer, Synops. 1848, 194. The " Ekewan" of the natives of the Columbia river. Is identical with the "Observatory Inlet salmon." A specimen collected by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. W. R. Williamson, in the Des Chutes river, a tributary of the Colum- bia, 0. T. 2. Salmo quinnat. Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 219. — Dekay, New Y. Fauna, iii, 1842, 242. — Storer, Synops. 1846, 196. — Common Salmon of Lewis and Clarke. Body fusiform in profile, compressed. Head forming about the fifth of the entire length. Maxillary bone curved, extending beyond the orbit. Dorsal region olivaceous, studded with irregular black spots ; dorsal and caudal fius 218 [OCTOBEE, similarly spotted. Region beneath the lateral line, nnicolor ; silvery along the middle of the flanks, and yellowish on the belly. Inferior fins unicolor. Head, above blackish grey, its sides bluish grey. A specimen from Columbia river, was preserved by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 3. Salmo spectabilis, Grd. — Body subfusiform in profile, very much com- pressed, the head forming about the fourth of the total length. Maxillary bone curved, extending to a vertical line passing somewhat posteriorly to the entire orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin, a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the base of the caudal. Bluish grey above ; silvery beneath. Dorsal region and upper portion of the flanks spread over with light spots. By its general appearance, this species resembles Salmo hoodii most, but may readily be distinguished from it by a more elongated and elliptical head, hence a mouth more deeply cleft, with the maxillary extending further back. Specimens collected at St. Mary's Mission, Flathead valley, Oregon, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. Genus Faeio, Valenc. Gen. char. — All the characters of the salmons, difi'ering from the latter by the presence of only one row of teeth upon the shaft of the vomer. Syn. Fario, Valenc. Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xxi. 1848, 277. 1. Fario aurora, Grd. — Red Char of Lewis and Clarke. — Body fusiform, com- pressed ; head forming the fourth of the length, the caudal fin excluded. Upper jaw longest. Maxillary gently undulating ; its posterior extremity extending to a vertical line passing considerably behind the entire orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between the tip of the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Ground color greyish — silvery above ; sides and belly yellowish orange Dorsal fin spotted. Specimens collected at Astoria, 0. T., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 2. Fario tsuppitch, Grd. — Salmo tsuppitch, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 324. — Storer, Synops. 1846, 197. — Salmon Trout of iha sqUIqvs. Body very much elongated, compressed, fusiform in profile ; head forming . about the sixth of the total length. Snout rounded, with the jaws subequal. Maxillary gently curved, dilated posteriorly, and extending to a vertical line passing slightly behind the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin nearer the ex- tremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Ground color of dorsal region olivaceous, clouded with bluish brown, and scattered about with round- ish black spots which extend over the dorsal, the adipose and the caudal fins. Upper surface of head bluish black. Sides and inferior region of the body unicolor, yellowish brown ; inferior fins unicolor also. Sides of head yellowish. A female specimen 2G inches long, caught at Fort Dallas on the Columbia River, Oregon, was skinned and preserved by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 3. Fabio argyreus, Gbd. — Body very much compressed, rather deep upon its middle region and quite tapering posteriorly. Head moderate, constituting the fifth of the entire length. Jaws equal. Maxillary slightly curved ; its free ex- tremity extending to a vertical line drawn posteriorly to the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Bluish grey above; silvery along the middle of the flanks ; yellowish white beneath. This species is quite characteristic in its outline, since it is much more taper- ing towards the tail than in any other of its congeners. In other respects it re- sembles somewhat Fario aurora, but its elongated and low anal fin will distin- guish it from the latter at the very first glance. 1856.] 219 Specimens were collected at Cape Flattery, W. T., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., and at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A. 4. Fario gairdneri, Grd. — Salmo gairdnerii,"Ricu. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 221.— DeKay, New York, Fauna iii, 1843, 243.— Storer, Sj'nops. 1846, 196. — Body fusiform in profile, very compressed; head comprised four times in the length, the caudal fin excluded. Upper jaw longest. Maxillary curved, extend- ing to a vertical line intersecting the posterior rim of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between the extremity of the snout and the base of the caudal. Caudal fin furcated. Back silvery grey ; sides silvery, and belly yellowish or whitish. Body obsoletely spotted with black; similar, but more distinct, spots on the dorsal and caudal fins. A purplish red tint is sometimes apparent over the middle of the flanks. A specimen collected in Klamath River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. W. R. Williamson, Top. Eng. 5. Fario clarkii, Grd. — Salmo darkii, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 224 — Storer, Synops. 1846, 197. Body fusiform ; head well developed, forming the fifth of the total length. Maxillary slightly bent, extending to a vertical line drawn inwardly to the pos- terior rim of the orbit. Jaws equal. Anterior margin of dorsal fin a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Back bluish grey ; iipper surface of head blackish grey ; sides silvery grey ; fins ash grey ; dorsal and caudal spotted. Upper regions of head and body studded with irregular black spots or specks. Specimens collected at Fort Dallas, Columbia River, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 6. Fario stellatus, Grd. — Common trout of the settlers. Opkalloo, Wasco Indians, Body elongated and fusiform ; head well developed, contained four times and three-quarters in the total length ; jaws equal ; maxillary gently curved, reaching a vertical line drawn posteriorly to the orbit. Anterior margin or dorsal fin a little nearer to the snout than the insertion of caudal fin. Back light olive ; belly light yellowish white. Head, body and fins profusely spotted with black, giving it a very peculiar aspect, easily recognised amongst all the other species of the same genus. Specimens were collected at Fort Steilacoom by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A.; at Schoalwater Bay, W. T. by Dr. J. G. Cooper ; at Cape Flattery, W. T., Astoria and Humboldt Bay by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, and in Des Chutes River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry under Lt. Williamson. Genus Salar, Valenc. Ges. Char. — All the characters of the Salmons, but differing from them as well as from the genus Fario in being provided with a double row of teeth upon the shaft of the vomer, and none on the front of that same bone. Syn. Salar, Valeno. Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xxi, 1848, 314. 1. Salar lewisi, Grd. — Bodj' rather thickish upon its middle region; head moderate, constituting a little less than the fifth of the total length. Lower jaw longest. Maxillary gently curved, its posterior extremity reaching a verti- cal line drawn immediately behind the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the base of the caudal fin. Ground color of the upper region bluish grey, of the inferior region yellow or orange. The back, peduncle of tail, dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins, spotted with black. The belly and lower fins are unicolor, a deep orange hue existing along the rays and also in the shape of a dot upon the abdominal scales, and which disappears by long standing in alcohol. This is the trout alluded to in Lewis and Clarke's " Travels." They " caught (at the Falls of the Missouri) half a dozen trout from sixteen to twenty-three 220 [October, inches long, precisely resembling in form and the position of the fins, the moun- tain or speckled trout of the United States, except that the specks of the former are of a deep biack, while those of the latter are of a red or gold color : they have long sharp teeth on the palate and tongue, and generally a small speck of red on each side behind the front ventral fins ; the flesh is of a pale yellowish red, or when in good order, of a rose colored red." — London edition of 1814, p. 192, 4to. A.nd further on, page 487, we read: "The mountain or speckled trout are found in the waters of the Columbia within the mountains; thej' are the same with those found in the upper part of the Missouri, but are not so abundant in the Columbia as in that river. "We never saw this fish below the mountains, but from the transparency and coldness of the Kooskoskee, we should not doubt of its existence in that stream as low as its junction with the south east branch of the Columbia." It would be an interesting point to compare, side by side, specimens caught in the Columbia, with those of the Missouri river. We should not be surprised if the result of such a composition should refer the specimens from the basin of the Columbia to Fario gairdneri. Specimens of this species were collected at the Falls of the Missouri River, Rocky Mountains, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. Salak viRGiNALis, Grd. — Body subfusiform in profile, otherwise compressed ; head comprised about four times in the length, the caudal fin excluded. Jaws subequal ; posterior extremity of maxillary extending to a vertical line inter- secting the posterior rim of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Greyish brown above with a purplish reflection and subcircular black spots ; beneath, olivaceous, unicolor. Specimens collected by the party under Lt. Beckwith, in Utah creek, and at Sangre de Cristo Pass, upper waters of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). 3. Salar iridea, Grd. — Salmo iridca, Gibbon's, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 36. — Salmo rivularis, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i, 1855, 43. — Body subfusiform in profile, otherwise compressed ; head well developed, constituting a little less than the fourth of the total length. Jaws subequal ; posterior ex- tremity of maxillary extending a little beyond the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Red- dish brown above, with small and numerous black spots ; yellowish white beneath. Specimens were collected in the headwaters of San Matteo Creek, Cal., by R. D. Cutts; at Petaluma, Cal. by E. Samuels, near Humboldt Bay, by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, and finally specimens obtained by Dr. Ayres, of San Francisco, under the name of Salmo rivularis, proved identical with Salmo iridea, of Dr. Gibbons. Dr. Gibbons' description was drawn from a very immature specimen, but has the priority over Dr. Ayres's appellation. The aspect of the male is quite different from that of the female, so that their identification requires a very close study of their intrinsic characters. Noticen of remains of extinct vertebrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook of the State Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. W. Kitchell. Macrophoca, Leidy. 1. Macrophoca atlantica, Leidy. Based upon three specimens of molar teeth, obtained by E. Davis, Esq., from the miocene marl of Cumberland County. Genus belonging to the Zcuglodont family. Crowns of the molar teeth broader than the length, laterally compressed coni- cal ; anterior and posterior borders acute, the former with a series of two and the latter with four conical tubercles having denticulated borders ; inner and outer 1856.] 221 surfaces exceedingly roughened, especially towards the base, by longitudinally acute and broken ridges. Root composed of an antero-posterior pair of fangs confluent half their length. Length of largest tooth 2i inches : length of crown 10 lines, breadth 12J lines. PoLYGONODON, Lcidy. 2. PoLYGONODON vKTUs, Leidy. Based on a specimen of the crown of a tooth found iu the marl (cretaceous) of Burlington Co., by L. T. Germain, Esq. Length three times the breadth ; transverse section elliptical ; with trenchant borders ; with six planes on one side and seven on the other. Length U inches, breadth -h an inch. May it be an incisor of Mososaurus 9 IscHYRHizA, Leidy. 3. IscHYRHizA MiRA, Leidy. Based upon an imperfect specimen of a remarkable tooth apparently of a fish, obtained by L. T. Germain, Esq., from the cretaceous green sand of Burlington County. Crown of the tooth when perfect, apparently, laterally compressed conical, invested with smooth shining enamel. Fang more robust than the crown, curved pyramidal, quadrate in section, with the base rugged and divided antero-pos- teriorly. Pulp cavity expanded within the fang, closed below, and narrowing towards the crown. Probable length of tooth when entire about 2 inches ; length of fang 10^ lines, breadth of its base 8 lines. 4. Sphtr^na spkciosa, Leidy, Founded on a specimen of the crown of an anterior tooth obtained by E. Davis, Esq., from the miocene marl of Cumberland County. Posterior border of the crown nearly straight or slightly sigmoid, trenchant border minutely denticulated, sides towards the base striated, apex semi-barbed. Length 4 lines, breadth 2 lines. Edaphodon. 5. Edaphodon mirificus, Leidy. Based on eight specimens of upper and lower maxillary bones, found in the Green Sand of New Jersey. The superior maxillaries are 3| inches long in the median line and 2 inches •wide posteriorly ; and they present the matrices of three teeth. The inferior maxillaries are 5 J inches long and 2| inches deep ; and besides the matrices of the three large teeth, they present two or three apparent small ones near the apices*of the bones, and another small one to the inner side of the largest tooth. Ifoies on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philad'a. By Edw. Hallowell, M. D. Fam. GECKOTID.E. Gen. Hemidactylus, Cuvier, Wagler, Gray, Wiegmann. Section Dactyloperes ou a pouce comme tronques (Peropus Wiegmann.) A. H. Dactyloperes a lames sous-digitales entieres. D. & B. Dumeril and Bibron mention but one species belonging to this division, viz., Hemidactylus ouallensis, inhabiting Oualan, Tahiti, Vanicoro and Tongatabou. It differs very materially from the one about to be described. I do not find any species of Hemidactylus inhabiting Jamaica in the Catalogue of Reptiles in the British Museum, by Mr, Gray. 222 [October, Hemidactylcs pr^signis, nob. Char. Mental plate large and triangular ; immediately behind it a transverse row of four plates, the two exterior large, the two middle quite small; seven to eight plates margin the upper jaw on each side, and as many the lower ; scales upon the abdomen much larger than those upon throat and neck^ in the latter regions granular ; color brownish above, lighter brown or greyish beneath. Degcriplion. The head is long and rather narrow, depressed in front, covered above with granulations larger upon the front ; rostral plate large, somewhat quadrangular in shape ; the nosti'il, which is more or less circular, situ- ated at its upper and external angle ; of the seven plates which margin the upper jaw the first appears to be the highest; these plates are all very dis- tinct, and more or less quadrangular ; the mental plate is large and triangular, broader than long; there are four plates immediately behind it, the two inter- mediate very small, the two lateral, which are in contact with the first inferior labial, cjuite large ; the eyes are large, the pupil circular ; auricular openings moderate ; body moderately stout, covered above with granulations of nearly equal size; tail longer than head, neck and body, rather stout at base, covered above and upon the sides with imbricated scales, presenting below a longitu- dinal row larger than the others ; chin and throat covered with small granulations of nearly equal size ; the abdomen is covered tcith smooth and quite large imbricated scales, contrasting strongly with the small granulations upon the chin and throat ; under surface of extremities covered with scales, those of the posterior much larger ; granulations above ; anterior surface of thighs with scales ; the thumbs are deprived of nails, the remaining toes dilated with undivided subdigitil lamina; ; no femoral or anal pores. Coloration. Uniform brown above, with no lines or spots ; lighter brown or greyish beneath. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines ; greatest breadth 6 ; length of neck and body to vent 1 inch 8 lines ; of tail 3} inches ; of arm 3 lines ; of forearm 3 ; of hands to extremity of longest finger 4 ; of thigh 6 lines ; of leg 4 lines ; of feet to extremity of longest toe ^\ lines. Habitat. Jamaica. Two specimens presented by Caspar W. Pennock, Esq., M.D. Gen. Remarks. This species differs very much from the only species of Pero- pus heretofore described; among other particulars in the following: It has four scales behind the mental instead of six. In Ouallensis there are twenty-four superior labial plates and twenty-six inferior ? and the scales upon the under surface of the animal are not represented as unequal in size. Fam. IGUANID^. LIZARDS Igdaniens ou Sauriens Ecnotes, Duraeril et Bibron. NOROPS, Wagler. The following are the characters of the genus Norops as given by Dumeril and Bibron, (Erpet. Gen. Tome iv. p. 81.) " Skin beneath the neck forming a salient fold ; a sort of small throat pouch without denticulations ; neither palatine teeth nor femoral pores. Fourth toe of the foot longer than tlic third. Scales of the body carinated, in part imbricate ; those upon the sides much smaller than upon the back and abdomen. Tail moderate, not prehensile, destitute of crest like the back." But one species of this genus has been described, viz., Xorops auratus, from Surinam and other parts of Guiana. The specimen in our collection, received from the Garden of Plants, is from Mexico. The toes are dilated, but not to so great an extent as in many species of Anolis. The present species with the same generic characters, is totally destitute of any such dilatation. NoROPS MACRODACTYLUS, nOb. Char. Scales upon snout tricarinate ; those of supra-orbitar ridges separated from each other by a row of smaller scales ; twelve rows of dorsal scales dis- tinctly carinated ; scales upon abdomen carinated ; upon flanks very small ; 1856.] 223 fingers and toes not dilated ; color white above and upon abdomen ; a lateral vitta passing over the tympanum, extending the whole length of the body. Description. Head long and narrow, with a marked depression in front ; nostrils lateral, in a single scale, about a line from the extremity of the snout, with several rows of small scales immediately behind them ; their lower margin is on a line with the exterior ridge projecting over the orbit ; the rostral plate is broad and narrow, its upper margin forming an obtuse angle ; the scales upon the front part of the head are more or less hexagonal, depressed, tricarinate ; the supra-orbitar ridge on each side is composed of a ridge of larger scales, separated from each other by a row of smaller ones; eight larger scales upon the orbit; oc- cipital plate quite distinct ; six or seven supra-labials ; 42 teeth in the upper jaw, the eleven or twelve posterior tricarinate ; tongue triangular, smooth, deepl}'' notched behind, very slightly in front, more or less adherent beneath ; scales upon the temples subequal; auricular opening of moderate size; body slender, presenting above, twelve rowsof distinctly larger scales; about as broad as long, hexagonal, each with a distinct carina extending its whole length. The scales upon the abdomen, of which from sixteen to eighteen rows may be counted, appear somewhat larger than those upon the back, and are also distinctly carinated; the scales upont he flanks are very small, quadrangular, carinated, presenting a very small spine posteriorly ; extremities slender ; toes not dilated, presenting a row of transverse scales beneath ; tail of moderate length ; a well marked gular pouch in the larger specimen, commencing at the chin and extending upon the abdomen, (in the smaller specimen, probably a fe- male, this is scarcely visible.) Coloration. Head, back and upper part of tail white above ; abdomen and under part of tail of same color ; the gular fold in the larger specimen is dark colored ; sides brown, white spotted, a lateral white stripe extending from beneath the eye, along the side of the head, immediately above the tym- panum, passing along the side of the neck, about a line above the shoulder, and extending the whole length of the side of the body, and becoming lost upon the tail. The white spots are upon either side of this white lateral line, but in the larger specimen they are absent, and the lateral line is of a brown color and more narrow, the ground color white. Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; greatest breadth 3 ; length of neck and body to vent 14 lines ; of tail 1 inch 9 lines ; of humerus 3 lines ; of arm 3 lines ; of hand to extremity of longest finger 2h ; of foot to extremity of longest toe 6 lines. Total length 3 inches 5 lines. Dimensions of a larger specimen. Length of head *l lines ; breadth 4 ; length of neck and body to vent li inches; of tail ; of arm 3| lines ; of forearm 3 J ; of hand to extremity of longest finger 3 J lines; of thigh b\ lines ; of leg 5| ; of foot to extremity of longest toe 8 J. Habitat. New Grenada. Two specimens from the Philadelphia Museum in exchange. Gen. Anolis, Daudin, Char. — " Fingers dilated beneath the anti-penultimate phalanx, forming a sub-oval disk, more or less enlarged, provided with imbricated scaly lamellae ; be- neath the neck a goitre, which when it is not distended assumes the form of a gular pouch more or less developed; palatine teeth, no pores to the thighs." — D. & B. The genus Anolis is divided by Dumeril and Bibron first into two grand divi- sions, viz., A. with fingers but slightly dilated, constituting the genus Draco- nura of Wagler and Wiegmann This comprises but two species. B. with fingers distinctly dilated, constituting the genus Dactyloa. This latter division includes twenty-three species. These are again subdivrded into («.) species in which the abdomen is provided with flattened scales, smooth or carinated, and for the most part imbricated, of which there are twenty-two, and {>>.) species with the abdominal scales granular, of which there is at present known but one, viz. Anolis camaeleonides. The subdivision a. is again divided into species in which the scales of the 224 fOcTOBER, sides are much smaller than those of the back and abdomen, (1 sp.) (6.) In which the scales of the sides are of about the same dimension as those of the back and abdomen; this group is again divided into (a.) species in which the scales upon the upper and lateral parts of the body are mingled with tubercles, (1 sp. loysiana,) and (6.) in which the scales of the upper parts and sides of the body are homogeneous or not mingled with tubercles. This last division com- prises by far the greater number, viz., twenty species. The genus Anolis is exclusively American ; of the twenty-five species described by Dumeril and Bibron, two are from Surinam ; five from Cuba, exclusivelj- ; one from Cuba and the United States ; one from Cuba and Mexico ; one from Cuba and Jamaica; five from Martinique, exclusively ; one from Martinique and St. Domingo, one from Chili; two from Brazil; two from the West Indies; one from the island of Tortola; one from St. Domingo, exclusively; one from Cayenne, and one of unknown origin. Of these twenty-five species of Anolis, Dumeril and Bibron represent at least one half as entirely new, (1837,) with the exception of two or three previously described by Wiegmann. One has since been described (1851,) by Prof. Aug. Dumeril, in the Catalogue Methodique de la Collection des Reptiles des Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris. (A. Heterodermus from New Grenada.) De la Sagra's work on Cuba contains figures of six species viz., vermi- culatus, Carolinensis, lucius, Sagraei, Loysiana, (A. cantholis,) Fernandina (Camaeliopsis,) (A. camaelionides, D. & B.) Daudin has figured two species viz. : A. lineatus and punctatus. Anolis velifer is figured in Guerin Iconogra- phic du Regne Animal, Tome 1, pi. 12. The Prince de Wied has figured two species of Anolis, viz.: A. gracilis, (nasicus,D . & B.) and A. viridis, punctatus, Daudin, according to Dumeril and Bibron. Among the reptiles belonging to this genus in the collection of the Academy, are several well known species, viz. : Anolis equestris, (5 sp.) A. camaelo- nides, (1.) A. carolinensis, (28 sp.) A. punctatus, (1 sp.) A. Edwardsii, (4 sp.) the last from Jamaica, and others from Cuba, Mexico and Jamaica, which we cannot make out as described in the systems. A number of these were collected in Jamaica at the instigation of my excellent friend, Dr. Caspar W Pennock, and generously presented by him to the Academy, and others by another friend, Dr. Betton, of Germantown. These are the more valuable, inasmuch as the Herpetology of Jamaica appears to be but incompletely known ; but one species of Anolis is described by Mr. Gray as inhabiting that island, viz. : A. stenodactylus. Anolis (Draconura, Wieg.) tropidooaster, Nob. Char. — Head of moderate size, covered in front with elevated scales or tuber- cles of nearly equal size; supraciliary ridges separated from each other by two rows of smaller scales; four or five large unicarinate scales upon each orbit; occipital plate not in contact with the supraciliary ridge ; temples covered with small granulations ; middle rows of dorsal scales the largest ; scales upon abdo- men strongly carinated ; color brownish, extremities banded with brown. Descripdon. — This species of Anolis is readily distinguished by the remarkably strong carination of the ventral scales, being even more strongly carinated than those of A. carolinensis, resembling much the scales of Phrynosoma cornutum. The head is of moderate size, snout not prolonged; the rostral plate is broader than long, rounded above ; the snout is covered with elevated scales or tuber- cles, of nearly equal size ; the scales upon the front are unequal, tricari- nate ; this region presents a marked depression, bounded on each side by an indisiinct ridge ; the supraciliarij ridge on each side is consdiutedby a row of five large and very dixdnct plates separated from each other in the middle by two rows of smaller teaks; there is a group of four or five large unicarinate scales upon each orbit, bordered with others of a smaller size, with numerous granulations exteriorly, and a row of very small plates between these large plates and the supraciliary ridge ; occipital plate rather large, irregular in shape, very distinct, separated from the ntpraciliary ridges by several rows of smooth scales; nostrils lateral, circular I 1856.] 225 about a line from the extremity of the snont ; eight small quadrangular plates margin the upper jaw; 42 teeth may be counted in the upper jaw, the eleven or twelve posterior on each side tricuspid, the intermaxillary very small, the suc- ceeding ones pointed and conical, and considerably larger. 38-40 teeth in the lower jaw, the twelve posterior tricuspid; tongue triangular, more or less adhe- rent beneath, deeply notched posteriorly ; temples covered with very small granu- lations, a little larger above; tympanum of moderate size, scales on the flanks small and granular, much smaller than those upon the back, of which the middle rows are the largest ; scales of the back carinated, not very dis- tinctly ; those upon the abdomen much larger than those upon the back, quad- rangular, and very strongly carinated; body and extremities slender; a well de- veloped gular pouch ; fingers and toes without any dilatation whatever; third and fourth fingers of equal length, fourth toe much the longest. Coloration. — Brownish above with a greyish tinge upon the body, extremities banded with brown ; abdomen whitish. Dimensions. — Length of head, G lines ; greatest breadth, 3 ; length of neck and body to tail, 13 lines ; tail mutilated ; length of forearm, 3|^ lines ; of arm, 3 lines ; length of thigh, 5 lines ; of leg, 6 ; of hand to extremity of longest finger, 3 lines ; of foot to extremity of longest toe, 1^ lines. An Anolis respleudens, D. & B ? Habitat. — New Grenada. Angus punctatissimus, nob. Char. Of moderate size, scales upon supra-orbitar ridges separated from each other by smaller polygonal scales ; from nine to fifteen carinated polyogonal scales upon orbit ; a well marked depression upon the occiput ; occipital scale sepa- rated from supraciliary ridge by four rows of scales ; temples granulated ; ab- dominal scales carinated ; tail much compressed ; color blue or light green, covered above and upon the sides with minute white spots ; total length about 6 inches. Description. Nostrils small, subcircular, their anterior margin about ^ a line from the extremity of the snout ; scales upon front polygonal, carinated ; those upon the supraorbitar ridge large, carinated, separated from each other by smaller polygonal and more or less carinated scales ; from nine to fifteen or more conglomera- rated polygonal carin&ted scales over the orbit, surrounded with granules, the greater number external ; a very well marked depression vpon the occiput ; the occi- pital plate, which is smooth, is subcircular, occupying the bottom of the cavity, and is separated from the supra-orbitar ridge by four rows of scales ; seven plates upon the upper jaw. the third or fourth quadrangular, and remarkable for its ex- treme length ;* temples granulated, auricular opening suboval, rather large, its posterior edge minutely denticulated ; no crest upon neck or body ; scales upon sides granular, tho.se upon back a little larger, especially the three or four rows upon the middle line ; scales upon abdomen with rounded posterior margins, im- bricate, carinated, much larger than those upon sides and back ; tail much com- pressed, larger than head, neck and body, verticillate, covered with carinated scales, the four or five inferior rows much the largest, its superior and inferior margins denticulated ; from sixteen to nineteen lateral rows of verticillate scales may be counted, larger than the rest, the posterior extremity of the tail being destitute of them ; scales along superior border of thighs and forearms very dis- tinctly carinated ; a longitudinal fold under the throat. Coloration. Snout, front and sides of head whitish, with a tinge of yellow ; body above and upon the sides light blue, (probably green during life,) covered all over with white spots ; tail j-cllowish ; no black marks or lines upon the body. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines ; greatest breadth 5; length of body to vent IJ inches; of antenor extremities to extremity of longest finger 1 inch ; of pos- terior to extremity of longest toe 1 inch 9 lines; of tail 4^ inches ; total length 6^ inches. * Not a constant character ; in another specimen eight plates. 17 226 [October, Habitat. Jamaica, Three specimens, two adult and one young presented by Dr. Betton. Gen. Remarks. This species, although it might, with some propriety, be named punctatus, from the great number of small white spots with which it is covered, differs entirely in appearance from the punctatus of Daudin, of which we have one specimen from Surinam. The head in punctatus is much longer, the neck more contracted and the body and tail longer. The scales on the front of the head are smooth in punctatus, carinated in punctatissimus, and their shape and general arrangement are very different ; the row of plates above the supra-labials are larger in the former species ; the scales upon the flanks are oblong in punc- tatus, those upon the back flattened ; the tail is altogether different ; it is sub- round in punctatus, with smooth scales, without verticillae, and the much larger row of scales along the median line. The one is an inhabitant of Jamaica the other of Surinam and Brazil. Anolis leucocephalus, nob. Char. Of larger size than usual among the smaller species of Anolis ; head much depressed in front, covered with large and smooth polygonal scales ; scales of supra orbitar ridge in contact at the middle; temples covered with polygonal scales ; upon sides suboval, smooth, larger than those upon back and abdomen, interspaces filled with small granules; abdominal scales smooth; no dorsal crest ; tail compressed cyclo-tetragonal at base ; color whitish with blotches of green. Description. Head long and narrow, depressed in front, where it is covered with large and smooth scales, much larger than in most other species of Anolis ; scales upon the snout on the contrary very small ; nostrils small, suboval, their anterior margin a line from the extremity of the snout, situated on the side of a slight prominence, just within the ridge extending from the anterior margin of the orbit to below the nostril and terminating at its anterior border ; the supra- orbitar ridge is composed of four or live large scales ; they are in contact at their middle, but not anteriorly or posteriorly ; the supra-orbitar ridge is not prolonged anteriorly, the front, as before stated, being covered with smooth and large scales; differing more or less in shape; ten or eleven quadrilateral plates may be counted upon the margin of the upper jaw, 44 teeth in the lower, the ten an- terior on each side pointed, the 12 posterior tricuspid ; 36 in the upper, eighteen on each side, the ten anterior pointed, the rest tricuspid ; tongue slender, deeply notched posteriorly, entire in front, three rows of smooth scales upon the side of the head, between the supra-orbitar plates and the anterior orbitar ridge ; temples covered with smooth polygonal scales, the superior and posterior roivs the largest ; auricular openings of moderate size, suboval, not denticulated ; scales upon the sides suboval, smooth, separated from each other, the interspaces filled with small granules; these lateral scales are larger than those upon the back and abdomen; those upon the neck and back are more closely united ; subround or polygonal ; those upon the abdomen for the most part quadrangular, perfectly smooth ; no crest upon the back or neck ; a large goitre extending from the chin as far as the abdomen ; a very large portion of its surface wiien distended appears to be desti- tute of scales ; the scales upon the under part of the thighs and in front of the arras, as well as upon the under part of the anterior extremities are quite small, having the appearance of granulations ; those along the superior margin of the thighs are quite large. Extremities slender ; ^s the largest ; a small gular pouch. Coloration. — Above whitish with a tinge of green, hlotched with olive ; sides marked with white spots and fasciaj; under part* whitish with a tinge of green. Dimensions.— Length of head 5 lines ; greatest breadth 3 lines ; length of body 11 lin»-s; of tail ; of anterior extremities 7 lines; of posterior 13j. Habitat. — Cienfuegos, Cuba. Two specimens presented by Capt. Baker. In a smaller but more perfect specimen, the tail is longer than the head, neck and body, the former being 1 inch 4 lines in length, the latter 1 inch 8 lines, compressed laterally ; in its posterior half very slender, almost filamentary. Dimensions of a larger specimen. Length of bead 7 lines ; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of body to vent 1 inch 4 J lines; tail mutilated The coloration of this specimen is whitish, with narrow br 'Wn interrupted bands upon the neck, ■with brownish longitudinal bands along the flanks, and transverse white spots and fascite ; extremities banded with brown above ; under parts white without spots; in another there are dark triangular spots which coalesce upon the tail 230 [October, includinff hexagonal patches of white; extremities banded with olive, under parts white. Habitat the same. The specimens thus marked are probably the young, and we are inclined to think are, as well as the larger brown-colored specimens, identical with Anolis Sagraei. Another specimen of intermediate size, characterized by the same difference in form of the scales and granulaiions upon the temples, tricariuate scales upon the front and muzzle, and carinated scales upon the back and abdomen, presents a coloration very much resembling that of fig. 2, in pi. xiii. of De la Sagra's work, viz., on each side of the body and tail a row of dark-colored undulated markings, and dark-colored bands upon the extremities ; but the scales upon the head and body in this figure are not represented as carinated. In Sagraei, as before mentioned, the supra-orbitar ridges are represented by Dumeiil and BibroQ to be in contact; but in the text of De la Sagra's work, they are represented to be separated by a single row of scales ; in our specimens we find one intermediate row of large scales, or two smaller rows, one of which is more or less imperfect. AXOLIS HETEROLEPIS, nob. Among the specimens in the collection of the Academy is one which at first, from the triangular markings upon the back, I supposed to be the young of the preceding species, but on a closer examination I find that it differs very materi- ally in the following particuhi'-s : 1st. The snout is evidently less acute, more depressed, and is covered with smaller scales; the scales between the supra- orbitar ridges anteriorly are much smaller, there being but two rows in Sagraei and five ia the species now under consideration ; the occipital plate is larger ; the granulations upon the flanks are much smaller and smooth instead of being cari- nated, and the ventral scales are smooih, whereas in Sagraei they are very dis- tinctly carinated. The tail is considerably longer than the head, neck and body, cyclo-tetragonal at base, compressed in the greater pan of its extent, quite sleuder posteriorly, with transverse rows of larger scales resembling verticillae, about a line apart; the three or four rows of scales beneath much larger than the others and strongly carinated. The present species differs also in a marked manner from Sagr;ci in having the plate immediately beneath the first infra-labial and behind the mental, much smaller,* this plate being remarkably large in Sagraji — and in having the scales upon the chin between the iuframaxillary rows of scales much smaller. We propose for this species the name of Anolis heterolepis. It is at once distinguished from angusticeps by the long and narrow head of the latter. Coloration. — Light pea green abOTe, with triangular spots of a deeper shade on each side of the median line of the back, the apices t"uching each other; chin and throat marked with green, presenting in the latter region irregularly longitudinal lines ; somewhat similar markings upon the occiput, and a green colored blotch upon each temple; under parts of body and extremities white with a tinge of green, more marked upon the abdomen. Dimensions. — Length of head 6.] lines; greatest breadth 3^ ; length of neck and body to vent 13 lines; of tail 2 inches 9 lines. Total length 4 inches 4.V lines. Habilat. — Cienfuegos, Cuba. One specimen, presented by Capt. Raker. Adicnda. — In comparing the dififi^rent species of Anolis above described with each other, the following remarks may aid in their future determination : — equestris, cam;cleonide8, Hdwanlsii and Carolinensis, are so distinctly charac- terized as to be readily recognized from the descriptions of authors, more especially of Dumeril and Bibron, the admirable descriptions of Bibron of these and the many other species throughout the work being beyond all praise. In ncriccuH the middle dorsal rows of scales are not sensibly lurg r than the others, and there is no larger row of scales along the middle line of the tail above ; the *This plate is also small in A. sericeus. 1856.] 231 tail is round— in Sagreei it is high and very much compressed, with a dorsal row of larger scales. In acutus the scales upon the abdomen are indistinctly cari- nated, in tropidogaster strongly; the scales upon the frontal region are smooth in acutus, tricarinate in tropidogaster; the supraciliary ridges are closely in contact in acutus, separated by two rows of scales in tropidogaster. But although these species resemble each other much in color, the most marked point of difference is in the toes, which are dilated in acutus, as they most com- monly are in the genus Anolis, but not in tropidogaster. Angusticeps ia readily recognized by its small size and narrow head ; heteroiepis, by its smooth Teniral scales and triangular markings, and the arrangement of scales upon the temples, which are composed of granulations and larger scales, as in Sagraei. The two median dorsal rows of scales in acutus are sensibly larger than the others, and the two plates behind the mental, beneath the first and second or pre-labials, broader than those which succeed them. After a careful comparison of the descriptions of the species in Dumeril and Bibron, I do not find any which present the saae characters as those given above. Besides these, Mr. Gray has described seven species, viz. : A. occipi- talis, porcatus, flavesceus, lineatopus, stenodactylus, reliculatus, asneus. Of these the habitat of porcatus is Cuba: that of a;neus, tropical America. Of the species of which an account is given by me, the most remarkable is A. leuco- cepbalus, from the anomalous form of the plates upon the head and the scales upon the body, those upon the sides contrary to what usually obtains, being much larger than those upon the back and abdomen. AsoLis ALLIGATOR, Dum. et Bib. Char. — Head resembling closely that of Alligator ; supra-orbitar ridges closely in contact; occipital pla'e in contact with the supra-orbitar ridge; scales upon temples oi unequal size, with an anterior marginal row of larger scales; two or three middle dorsal rows of scales larger than the olhtrs ; small granules inter- spersed between the scales upon the body ; ventral scales smooth ; no dorsal or caudal crest; tail slender, slightly compressed at its middle; color dark bluish, with black maculadons ; a black spot beneath each axilla. Description. — Head not elongated, stout, thick at base, front rery slightly ridged, with a depression in the middle, covered as well as the muzzle with rough but not carinated scales; rostral broad and narrow ; immediately behind it two large quadrangular plates, with a smaller one between : posterior to this transverse row two longitudinal rows of quadrangular plates ; front covered with polygonal plates of unequal size, many of them quite large; nostrils large, Bubcircular, rather more than half a line from the extremity of the snout, situ- ated within the continuation of the supra-orbitar ridge, at the anterior extremity of a slight prominence; supra-orbitar ridge composed of five large plates, rough, but not carinated, with two smaller ones behind the anterior by far the largest; the two ridges closely in contact ; from five to eight or nine supra-orbitar plates not carinated, separated from tfap supra-orbitar ridge by a single row of small scales; occipital plate urceolate, irith large scales latf-ralh/, smaller ones behind, in contact in front tcith the supra-orbitar ridges; eight quadrilateral plates margin the upper jaw on each side ; three rows of scales above the marginal plates, in front of the orbit, the inferior the largest ; .scales tipon the temples of very unequal size, with a distinct anterior marginal row of larger scales ; auricular openitigs rather large, denticulated ; body rather stout, covered above with scales elevated in the middle, but not carinated; the two or three middle rows a little longer than the others; scales upon the flanks smaller than those upon the back, but not granulated ; each scale upon the bodg is surrounded by very small and scattered granulations, re-'ma? G. Natrix capietrataf G. Typhlopid*. Typhlops lumbricalis. BATRACniA. llYLIVM. Litoria lutcola, G. Trachycephalus lichcnafu.s, G, llyla brunnea, Q. MARTINIQUE. CHELONIA. Cheloniad.*. Testutinid-b. EMTDID.E. SAURIA. QECKOTID.E . Hemidactylus mabouia. Sphreriodactylus sputator. Spboeriodactylus panctatissimu» Sphseriodactylus fatita.sticuB. Gymnodactylus albogularis. I'latydactylus theconyx. IUUANU>.S. Anolis alligator. Anolis marmoratus. Anolis cristatollus. Anolis vermiculatus. Anolis lineatus. Anolis pulchellus. Anolis chloro cyanus. iJasilicus mitratus. Iguana tuberculatus. Iguana nudicollis. Holotropis Herminieri. Tropidolepis (Sceloporus) undu- latus? Lacertidje. Ameiva Pleii. Cnemidophorus lemaiscatus. Cnemidophorus sexlineatun. Chalcii)1d.b. Amphistana citca SCl.NCID.B. Eumeces mabouia. Diploglossus I'leii. Gymnopthalmusquadrilineatoi. OPHIDIA. BolDiE. Epicrates cenchris. OxvcephalidjB. Oxybelis seneus. DlACF.ANTERlDJl. Dromicus antillensis. Dromicus cur.-or. Dromicus Pleii. Stenocephalid*. riomalocranion semicinctum . D1PSAS10.S. Dipsas annulata. Crotalid*. Bothrops lanceolatus. BATUACillA. IlTUO^. Hylodes martinicenBis, Bufo Bgua. BUFONIDJI. 238 [October, Hence it would appear, that with the exception of Emys decussata, Crocodilus acutus, Sphferiodactylus sputator, Anolis Sagrsei, Leionotus maculatus, Dro- micus antillensis, and Tjphlops lumbricalis, unless several of the others have been incorrectly determined, the species belonging to the Islands Jamaica and Cuba, although but 90 miles distant, are altogether different, and that several of the genera which exist in the one are wanting in the other. Besides the above we have in our collection a small serpent of the size of a Calamarian, with a very short and broad frontal (vertical) plate, a large pre-ocular, no loral and broad gastrostega, carinated scales and a double row of black spots along the back, from Jamaica, included in the donation of Dr. Pennock, which is identical with Storeria DeKayi, B. & G. (Ischognathus DeKayi, Dura, et Bib.* With the exception of Anolis Carolinensis, the reptiles of Cuba differ in their species altogether from those of the United States, even the southern portion of it; and not only so, but with the exception of Emys, Hylodes and Bufo, and perhaps Ischognathus, there does not appear to be even a genus common to the two countries. Were the Herpetology of each of the West India Islands fully known and very accurately determined, many highly interesting and important facts would be developed, tending much to elucidate the laws which govern the geographical distribution of species. Notice of a Collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A. By Edw. Hallowkll, M.D. Ord. CIIELONIA, Brog. Fam. EMYDIDJi), Gray. Elodites ou Tortues paludines, Dumeril & Bibron. Five specimens of Emys pseudo-grographicaj (young.) The shell of the largest of these specimens measures two and a half inches in length, by two inches, five lines in breadth, and is almost orbicular; the carinse upon the ver- tebral plates arc very distinct. Color of carapax olive, with orange colored con- centric and irregular lines, most conspicuous when the epidermis is removed ; an areola towards the posterior margin of each of the plates ; sternum yellowish, marked with irregular dark colored lines ; extremities and head and neck marked with longitudinal lines of yellow and black ; a curvilinear transverse yellow band on each side, behind the eyes continuous with one running down the neck, and a longitutinal one between the eyes ; 24 marginal plates. This species, according to Prof Holbrook, is found in many of the rivers that empty into the Mississippi, but never east of the Alleghanies. Ord. SAURIA, Brogn. Fam. Iguanid;e. Three specimens of Crotaphytus collaris, Holb. These differ from those from the Creek boundary presented by Dr. Woodhouse, and another large specimen in the collection of the Academy from Arkansas, in wanting the numerous spots with which the latter are covered. The black bands upon the neck and between the shoulders are very distinct; the general color above is blue, more or less deep, with a tinge of green, with transverse bands of white upon the body and tail; deeper bands of blue upon the posterior extremities; under parts while, with dark colored markings under the chin in two of the young; the plates upon the front in all the specimens are, for the most part larger than those upon the muzzle ; those constituting the semi- circular ridges along the internal margin of the orbit quite large ; occipital plate distinct ; *Thi3 species has a wide range, being found in Massachusetts and Georgia. Dumeril and Bibron say they have received a specimen from Mexico. 1856.] . ' 239 many of the plates (11 or 12,) upon the orbits are much larger than the rest; this difference exists also in the Creeii boundary specimens, but is not so well marked; femoral pores very distinct ; these in some of the Creek boundary specimens are very large, (I a line in diameter,) much larger than in any speci- men of Sceloporus I have seen ; eight eggs quite large, from eight to nine lines in length, were counted in the ovaries of the largest ; in which also the femoral pores were very distinct, so that the femoral pores do not belong exclusively to the male in Crotaphytus; the stomach which is a large and rounded sac was dis- tended with the debris of grasshoppers and coleopterous insects ; one of the former nearly entire. Habitat. — Arkansas, Louisiana near the confines of Texas, Western Texas, Kansas. The two specimens of Holbrookia maculata (Cophosaurus Troschel) do not differ very materially from the many specimens we have from the Creek and Cherokee countries presented by Dr. Woodhouse ; the marginal plates upon the upper jaw constituting the delicate fluting in that region are more narrow, and the markings upon the back are more regularly disposed, and the white spots are much less numerous than in some of the Creek specimens. The plates upon the head will be found to vary considerably in individual form and arrangement in the latter. Habitat. — Creek boundary, Western Texas, New Mexico. The specimens of Phrynosoma cornutum present nothing remarkable ; the abdomen and chin of a young one are spotted all over with black spots, and lines of different shapes. Habitat. — Arkansas, western country from Missouri to Texas, Creek and Chero- kee countries, Western Texas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Kansas. LACERTID^. Seven specimens of Cnemidorophous gularis, Baird and Girard. These are distinguished from C. sexlineatus by the broader stripes and larger size of the scales ; the fronto-nasal plates appear also to be comparatively smaller in gularis. Habitat. — Texas, New Mexico and Kansas. SCINCIDiE. Five specimens of Plestiodon obsoletum, B. & G. — No two of them are colored precisely alike. They all have a general resemblance, yet each differs from the other. This difference is produced mainly by the greater or less extent to which the scales are spotted with black ; in one specimen, the greater part of each scale upon the body being thus spotted; in another, the ground color, which is drab, greatly preponderates ; head brown or olive, marked vrith dark lines and spots, under parts silvery white. Habitat. — Borders of Rio San Pedro, Texas, Kansas. CHALCIDID^. Ophisaurus ventralis, two specimens. These present different markings ; they both are drab colored above, with a brown band running from the occiput along the middle of the back to the ex- tremity of the tail ; sides black, with two narrow white vitt;E, the upper termi- nating five inches from the extremity of the tail ; the lower on the left side 4 inches 2 lines from the anus ; and on the right 1 inch 4 lines ; three white lines upon the tail anteriorly; two narrow brown bands on each side of the abdo- men. Length of head, neck and body 5.} inches ; of tail 1 foot 2 inches. The other specimen is olive above, with a brown band along the middle, but the neck and anterior part of the body is marked with white narrow oeellated spots, and and instead of the lateral vitta there are upon the sides on a black ground, three rows of interrupted white spots, often united so as to form a line with very im- perfect margins ; under surface silvery white ; length of head, neck and body 7| inches ; of tail, 1 foot, 5 inches, 4 lines. A specimen from Verdigris river resembles the first in its markings; another 240 [October, and very large and stoat specinien In the collection of the Academy is black above without any vitta whatever^ but marked with transverse longitudinal rows ef sniill spots ; in another, tbe ground color above is brown, and black upon the sides with longiiudinal lines of black expanded at intervals, and in these places surrounded with light colored spots, the spots upon tbe black ground and on the sides much larger; in another, there are longitudinal lines of white spots upon a black ground upon tbe back, with narrow lines of the same color upon the sides; in another, there are transverse bands of white spots on each side, upon tbe back, which is of a beautiful light brown, and white spots upon the head, the lateral white lines barred at intervals with cross bars of the same colors, with ten rows of dark brown spots upon the middle of the tail. A specimen from South Carolina is light brown above with lateral rows of darker brown ; another from North Carolina is of a uniform drab color above, the scales upon the sides which are grejish marked with numerous black spots of different dimensions and irregular in shape, the abdomen dark slate color ; under part of tail olive with four longitudinal lines of black spots, so that it will be seen that this species varies much in its mode of coloration. According to Dr. Hol- brook, the under surface during life is bright yellow, most remarkable at the abdomen. Dumeril and Bibron describe four varieties, including two nominal species, (punctatus and striatulus,) mentioned by Cuvier. Habitat. — From Southern Virginia to Cape Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and in many of the States bordering on the Missouri and Ohio rivers. Its Northern range west of tbe Alleghanies is Michigan, according to Dr. Holbrook. Ord. OPHIDIA. SeRPENTES INNOCDI. Fam. CALAMARID^. The Calamarians belong to the second section or sub-order of Ophidians, the Aglyphodont or Azemiophid Serpents of Dumeril and Bibron, characterized as having " recurved, conical, rounded, full and smooth teeth, without cannelatioa at their points, implanted in both jaws." The serpents belonging to this family have the "body very slender, rounded, and almost of the same thickness f'om the head to the tail." Dumeril and Bibron assert that all the serpents belonging to it are terrestrial, and divide the family into nine genera, distributed in the E. Indies, (Oligodon without palatine teeth,) (4 sp.) Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes (Calamaria,) (12 sp.) Mexico, Cayenne, Surinam, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, New Granada, Java, (Rabdosoma,) (G sp.) Cape of Good Hope, (Homalosoma,) (1 sp.) Celebes, Macassar, (Rabdion,) (2 sp.) Java, (Elapoidis) (1 sp.) Ceylon, and the Phillipines, (Aspidura,) (I sp.) N. America, (Carphophis,) (2 sp.) and (Conocephalus) (1 sp.) To the two last, originating in N. America, we add the following, contained in the Kansas collection, and which, in its general charac- ters, bears a strong resemblance to Homalosoma, but differs from it in tbe cari- nation of the scales, the acutcHess of the snout, the shape of the frontal (vertical) plate, &c. Gen. MICROPS, nob. Char. Head small, flattened above and posteriorly, depressed in front; snout acute ; nine plates upon the top of the head, the pre-frontal considerably larger than the internasals ; frontal plate short, but longer than broad, the two lateral margins nearly straight; nostril in a single plate, near its anterior margin ; a frenal, one anterior ocular and two posterior oculars ; seven superior labials, the fifth and sixth the largest, the sixth intercalated between the fifih and seventh, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; occipital plates margined ex- ternally by a row of four or five plates; pupil circular; posterior geneials very long, anterior small and transverse; teeth minute, existing both in the palate and maxillaries ; scales strongly carinated, except the two inferior rows, elonga- ted, slightly notched posteriorly ; gastrostega not ascending highupon the flanks ; tail short and pointed, with a double row of scutes. 1856.] 241 MicROPS LiNEATUs, nob. Cliar. Size about the same as that of Horaalosoma lutrix. The head is quite small, slightly rounded above, depressed in front; nine plates ; snout acute ; nostril in a single plate, which is more or less quad- rangular, quite near its superior margin, and very much nearer its anterior than its posterior extremity; on the left side this plate is cleft inferiorly below the nostril ; a loral ; one anterior orbitar ; two posterior orbitars ; seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth, the sixth acutely angular, intercalated between the fifth and the seventh, not reaching the margin of the jaw ; body slender, thicker in the middle, covered with 19 rows of scales, all of which are very strongly carinated, except the three or four inferior rows, the last being quite smooth and larger than the others ; scales with the exception of the three inferior rows on each side narrow, subellipical, bi-punctate posteriorly, the carina reach- ing the entire length of the scale ; tail short and tapering to a point; abdom. scut. 138. subcaud. 34; a single praeanal. Coloration. Brown above, with three narrow yellow dorsal vittse ; the middle occupying one row and half of the adjoining row of scales ; head above brown ; upper jaw light yellow; abdomen and under part of tail yellow, with a double row of triangular spots of a bluish green color along the middle and base of tail; these spots are sometimes confluent at their bases ; the spots beneath the epi- dermis are perfectly black. Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines ; greatest breadth 2 ; length of body to vent 7 inches 5 lines ; of tail 1 inch 4 lines. Habitat. Kansas. One specimen in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. Hammond. Gen. Remarks. At first sight this serpent might be taken for a young Tropi- donote, but a close inspection of the frontal and other plates and the shape of the head indicate the difference. It is of nearly the same size as Horaalosoma lutrix of the Cape of Good Hope, but in that genus the snout is obtuse and the shape of the frontal plate not the same, and that of the scales, which are smooth, is very different ; the nasal, however, is in a single plate. In Ischognathua Dekaji the frontal plate is broader, the nostrils between two plates, and there is no loral (Leptognathien, D. & B.) In Conocephalus the snout is acute, and the frontal plate similar but more narrowed, but there is no pre-ocular and but one post-ocular, a long frenal and the nostril between two plates. In Strepto- phorus (Leptognathien) the frontal is broader, the pre-frontals very greatly larger than the inter-nasals ; the nostrils between two plates ; no pre-ocular, two post-oculars and a long frenal. Fam. CORYPHODONTID^. CORYPHODOX FLAVrVEXTRIS. Among the reptiles presented to the Academy by Dr. Hammond is one specimen of the Coluber flaviventris of Say, (Say's Expedition to Rocky Mountains, vol. i,p. 185.) This specimen is olivaceous above, yellow beneath, except upon chin and throat, and along margins of lower jaw, which are white ; under part of tail of a lighter yellow than that upon abdomen ; seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; a small supplementary plate on each side, below the anterior frontal, intercalated between the second and fourth labials ; a quadrangular frenal, two post-oculars ; nostrils between two plates ; plates upon temples as described by Say ; 17 rows of smooth elongate scales near the middle of the body; the inferior row the largest ; 17 rows upon neck, 15 near the tail ; tail of moder- ate length, longer than in Ablabes. ITl abdom. scuta ; a bifid prasanal ; 56 sub-caud. (tail mutilated). Total length 2 ft. 6 inches ; of head, neck aod body 2 ft. ; circumference 2 inches. Say describes the posterior and basal edge of the scales as black, and in one specimen an indistinct double row of reddish brown spots irregularly alternating on each side of the abdomen ; these markings are not observed in Dr. Hammond's specimen. The genus Coryphodon of Dumeril and Bibron takes its name from two Greek words Ksey^*), Cacumen, summum in/juavis re, summit, and sefst/t, tooth, in- 18 242 [October, dicating the progressive augmentation or length of the teeth as they recede backward, the following being the essential characters as given by the learned authors, Erpet. Gen. Tom. vii. p. 178. Les Coryphodoxtiens. Char. " Serpents with smooth unequal teeth ; the anterior much shorter than those which follow, and increasing successively in length from in front posteriorly." They constitute the seventh family of the great sub-order of Agly- phodont Ophidians. The characters of the genus are the same as those of the family. The scales of this genus are more or less elongSiied, s7nooth or carinated. It is the only one of the family, and comprise six species, inhabiting North and S. America, the E. Indies and the Indian Archipelago, (Sumatra, Phillipines). Several serpents have been described under the generic name Bascanion by Prof. Baird and Girard, having all smooth scales, but as the characters are drawn from the external forms alone and not the teeth, and inasmuch as many of these are of secondary importance, and not always constant, this genus, it appears to us, cannot be retained. e. g. The head in Conjphodon pan- therinus, a South American species, is not narrow but broad, the supple- mentary plate beneath the ant-orbitar is absent, andthere are but 15 rows of scales, &c. In a specimen of Coryphodon constrictor before me, the eye rests on the fourth and fifth superior labial, which is prolonged upward, and the supplementary plate below the large anterior orbitar is between the third and fourth upper labials ; the same occurs in another specimen belonging to the Bonaparte collection. This arrangement, however, is probably exceptional. In the young specimen found at Beesley's Point, and which does not differ materially in its coloring from that discovered in Kansas, there are but 5 superior labials, the third and fifth greatly prolonged, the eye resting solely on the third, and there are three posterior labials. The external characters of Mas- ticophis apply almost equally -well to Psammophis, an^ African and Asiatic genus, yet how different the form and arrangement of the teeth in Masticophis flavigularis (Herpetodryas) and in the latter genus. Among the specimens is one which appears to be a young Coryphodon con- strictor ; the general coloration resembles very much that of Ablabes triangu- lum, but it is at once distinguished by the shape of the head and the form of the frontal plate. The following are its characters, which may be interesting, showing the great change which age sometimes develops in the coloration of serpents: Head long, flattened above, depressed in front; frontal long and narrow, narrower behind, excavated laterally ; eye large, seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; nostril between two plates ; a more or less quadrangular loral ; one large ant-orbitar, very narrow below, broad above, appearing upon the top of the head, between the prefrontal and supraorbitar ; a small supplementary plate beneath it; two post-oculars ; two rows of plates upon each temple between the occipital and superior labials ; scales perfectly smooth, 17 rows near the middle of the body; inferior lateral rows the largest. Total length 1 foot 71 lines ; length of head 6 lines ; greatest breadth 3 ; length of tail 3 inches. Coloration. Head above brown, occipital and frontal plates marked with yellow ; chin, throat and superior labials yellow, the posterior edges of the latter black ; a red and ash brown circular spot immediately behind the occipital plates ; 54 well marked transverse reddish brown blotches upon the back, not reach- ing to the tail, becoming indistinct in a space of 2} inches ; the lateral extremi- ties of the transverse blotches are separated from the abdominal scutes by four and a half rows of scales ; sides covered all over with brown spots ; a black spot near the exterior extremity of each abdominal scute, at its posteii\or margin, and one or more smaller near the middle, upon the anterior part of the abdomen ; rest of abdominal surface and of under part of tail yellow, in the latter region almost white. Ab. scut. 171 ; one bifid pncanal ; 80 subcaud. Oen. Remarks. The colors of this animal are so different that it might be readily mistaken for a distinct species. The Col. vernalis of Dekay has been 1856.] 243 taken for the young of the Constrictor, which hardly diifers more in color from the adult than doea Col. vernalis, but Col. vernalis is no doubt the adult age, and appears to belong to a different genus, viz., Herpetodryas. Herpetodrtas vernalis. Sr/n. Col. vernalis, Dekay Col. vernalis, Holbrook, N. Am. Herpet. vol. 3, p. 79. Chlorosoma vernalis, Baird and Girard, Cat, N. Am. Serp. p. 108. Two specimens. These do not differ from the other well known individuals. This serpent has a wide range, being found in New York, Maine, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, (Baird & Girard,) Connecticut, (Holb.) We have one specimen from Rhode Island presented by Mr. S. Powell. Wagler gives as the type of his genus Chlorosoma the Coluber viridissimus of Linnjeus, (habitat Surinam,) which is a serpent about three feet in length, the Col. vernalis a little more than one. The two serpents belong to different families, the one being an Isodontian, according to Dumeril and Bibron's arrangement, having the teeth smooth, alike, equally spaced, and the head larger than the neck, and is inno- cuous, the other belonging to the suborder of Opistoglyphes, having one or more posterior teeth longer and channelled, and is venomous. (Fam. Dipsadiens.) The Col. viridissimus of Linnseus (Chlorosoma viridissimum, Wagler.) belongs to the genus Dryophylax of Dumeril and Bibron, characterized as having the " head conical, rather long, but little distinct from the trunk, in which the infe- rior region is separated from the flanks by a more or less salient line which the gastrostega form toward their extremities ; tail usually long, tapering and rather slender: eyes of the ordinary size, pupil round, subcaudal ; scutes bifid.' (Tome vii. p. 1103.) Dumeril and Bibron state that they do not retain the generic name of Chlorosoma of Wagler, he not having characterized it with suflBcient precision. In Dryophylax viridissimus the eye rests on the fourth and fifth superior labials, (third and fourth in vernalis,) there is but one anterior orbitar, (two in vernalis,) and there is no loral, the posterior frontals passing down alongside of the head to join the superior labials. There is but one tem- poral plate, (three in vernalis,) and there are eight superior labials, (seven in vernalis ;) tail 9 inches 8 lines in viridissimus, 3 inches 4 lines in vernalis. Sub-Gen. EL APHIS, Aldrovandi. Char. " Head usually but little distinct from the body, and for the most part slightly conical, with a snout inclined a little downward ; trunk almost always cylindrical ; sides of the abdomen but little angular ; scales of the trunk strongly or feebly carinated." — D. et B. Elaphis Alleghaniensis. Sf/n. Scotophis Alleghaniensis, B. & G. Two specimens. The coloration of these corresponds very well with the de- scriptions of Coluber Alleghaniensis by Prof. Holbrook, of Scotophis Alleghani- ensis, by Baird and Girard, except that the posterior part of the abdomen and under part of tail is not uniformly slate black, being tinged to a certain extent with yellow; the number of superior marginal labial plates in these specimens is eight, the seventh the largest; the two inferior rows only appear to be smooth, except upon the neck, (according to Holbrook four, and Baird and Girard seven ;) near the occiput the scales are perfectly smooth. Total length 3 feet 8] inches, (Fr.;) of tail 5j| inches ; of another 3 feet 6] ; of tail 5?r. Abdom. scut. 221 in one ; 1 bifid praeanal ; G6 subcaudal ; in the other, ab. scut. 227 ; subcaudal ITS. Circumference of first specimen at its middle 3 inches 1 lines ; of second 2 inches 4 lines. Subcaudal scutes larger in the larger specimen. The genus Elaphis appears to be very well characterized, and comprehends, according to Dumeril and Bibron, thirteen species distributed in various parts of the world — Montevideo, (pleurostictus,) borders of the Caspian, Persia, S. Europe, Japan, (virgatus,) N. America, islands south of Japan, (conspicillatus.) It is one of the very few genera of serpents common to Europe and America. 244 [October, The species inhabiting the United States are Elaphis Alleghaniensis, guttatns, quadrivittatus and vulpinus; three others have been described by Dumeril and Bibron, viz.,E. spiloides, rufericeps and Holbrookii ; and Profs. Baird and Girard describe also three, viz., Scotophis Lindheimerii, confinis, iaetus ; the only speci- mens of these we have at present in our collection beside the three first enume- rated, are two of vulpinus, presented by Dr. Gavin Watson, from the neighborhood of Buffalo, Xew York, which are readily determined from the description of Baird and Girard, and which undoubtedly belong to the genus Elaphis, which, accord- ing to Dumeril and Bibron, was established by Aldrovandi in 1640 for thequad- ri-radiatus of Gmelin, (Elaphis [cervone.) Elaphis Holbrookii is represented as without spots or bands upon the flanks. The geographical range of Alleghaniensis, according to Prof. Holbrook, is the Blue Pidge, Virginia, Highlands of the Hudson, N. Y., and Mountains of Caro- lina, and according to Profs. Baird and Girard, Carlisle, Penna., Creek boundary, (Hallowell.) Ablabes, D. & B. Char. — " Golubrifortn serpents with a moderate head, generally somewhat distinct from the trunk, which is almost cylindrical ; abdomen separated from the flanks by an angle but little salient, the scuta being scarcely elevated upon the sides ; snout short, smooth and rounded ; eyes rather small ; tail of moderate length, somewhat tapering ; scales of the trunk rhomboidal, for the most part short and without carinas. " — D. k B. Ablabes TRiANGULrii. Var. calligaster. Among the collection of reptiles presented by Dr. Hammond, are three snakes resembling the Coluber exiraius of Dekay, but which diifer in the markings about the head, in the general color, but more especially in the number of scales, there being but twenty-one rows in eximius, and from twenty to twenty-seven, (20 to- wards the tail and 25 upon the neck,) in one of these specimens ; 25 in the others. The blotches upon the back, of which there are fifty, are more narrow than in that species, their external margins being separated from the abdominal scutes by seven rows of scales; the blotches are from three to five lines in length b^ eight in breadth; there are eighteen transverse spots upon the tail ; two rows of lateral spots, the superior much larger than the inferior ; the head is long, the frontal (vertical) plate longer than broad, the gape of the mouth extensive, the eye resting on the 4th and 5th superior labials in advance of the middle of the gape ; scales per- fectly smooth, more narrow and elongate than in eximius; 210 abdom. scut. 1 bifid praeanal ; 65 subcaudal ; total length 2 feet 7 inches, (Fr.) ; of tail 5 inches 3 lin-'s ; another 2 feet Q\ inches, and a third, 2 feet 8| inches in length ; in another 206 ab. scut.; a single praeanal, 243 subcaud. ; and in a third 198 abdom. scut, one single prceanal and 41 subcaudal. These numbers agree sufficiently well with those of calligaster, as given by Harlan, viz. abdom. 213, caudal 52, (Med. & Phys. Research, p. 122.) whereas in eximius the abdominal plates, ac- cording to Harlan, run as high as 250 in number. Dr. Holbrook, however, gives 198 abdom., 1 praeanal, 247 subcaudal, and Harlan states that in a living one which he observed, there were only 33 pair of caudal scutes. In Professor Baird and Girard's specimens of eximius, the number of abdominal plates varied from 200 to 214, and the abdominal from 49 to 55 ; the total length from 2 feet 4] Inches to 3 feet 10 inches, corresponding in this respect with Harlan's description of calligaster, which he says was about 4 feet long ; so that there does not appear to be any material difference between the eximius of Dekay, and the specimens under consideration, either in the number of plates or in the length of the animal, but chiefly, as before stated, in the greater number of rows of scales of the latter; in all Profs. Baird and Girard's specimens of eximius, and in those of the Academy, the number being but 21. There can be little doubt, we think, that the specimens from Kansas are identical with the calligaster of Say, for Dr. Harlan, who appears to have first described those in the Philadelphia Museum, is of opinion that they may be a variety of eximius. Prof Holbrook, 1856.] 245 who examiaed the originals of Say, states that they are the same, differing only in the greater number of plates in calligaster ; but it is quite possible that he may not have counted the rows of scales. In all of the Kansas specimens, the coloration of the head and neck is different from that usually observed in exi- mius, and in two of them entirely so, there being in each two dark brown longi- tudinal blotches upon the temples, and on the neck, one on each side, and another about half the length of these between them, the triangular spots described by Lacepede, being altogether absent. Ground color of head above brown, with no white stripes or bands, but a band of dark brown extending across the posterior margin of the pre-frontal plates. The ground color of the body and tail above is brown, the transverse spots or blotches much darker, each with a slight margin of a lighter brown than the ground color; the blotches are more narrow than in eximius, occupying from two to three rows of scales only in length, and from eight to ten in breadth ; 45 in one, (the ■45th opposite the anus,) upon the body; 18 upon the tail; 47 in another; and 18 upon the tail, and in a third 49 ; the 49th opposite the anus, and 14 upon the tail ; blotches upon tail quite narrow, minutely black spotted and maculated, as well as interspaces and sides; color of abdomen as in eximius. Notwithstanding the great resem- blance in the number of abdominal and subcaudal plates, and general appear- ance, we are inclined to consider the above specimens as belonging to a variety distinct from eximius, being, in fact, the calligaster of Say. We have recently received from Kimball's Museum, Boston, (whither the originals of Say had been transferred,) through Dr. Holbrook, one of the originals of Say's calligaster ; the tail is broken off with a srfiall portion of the body, but it corresponds with Dr. Harlan's description, and Prof. Holbrook's notice of it, the scales, of which there are twenty-five rows, being perfectly smooth. We therefore have a confirmation of the statement of Prof. Holbrook, of the specific identity of eximius and cal- ligaster, and of the opinion of Dumeril and Bibron, who place it, as well as clericus, among the synonyms of Ablabes triangulum, and I am happy to agree with those learned and very eminent Herpetologists. The following may be given as the characters of Albabes triangulum, yar. calligaster. Char. — Head rather long ; seven superior labials ; body of moderate thickness, with from 25 to 27 rows oJ" smooth scales ; tail about l-6th of the total length ; color hrown above, with from 45 to 49 rows of black transverse narrow blotches upon back and 14 to 18 upon tail; two lateral rows of smaller blotches upon sides ; under part of body beautifully tesselated with black and white ; abdom. scut. 198,210, subcaudar41, 65 ; length 2 feet 6^, 2 feet 8^ and 3 feet 10 inches, (Fr.) Geographical Distribution. — Kansas, Missouri. Gen. Remarks. — Dumeril and Bibron state that the name triangulum has pre- cedence over that of eximius of Dekay, having been applied to the same species by Count Lacepede, in his Hist, des Serpens, published in 1789, Tome, 2, p.;331. The description of Lacepede is very precise, but it appears to us that it applies, not to the eximius as usually described, but rather to the clericus of Baird and Girard. The description of Lacepede is as follows : " Nous nommons ainsi (triangle,) cette espece de couleuvre parce qu'on voit sur le sommet de la tete, qui est garni de n€uf grandes ecailles une tache triangulaire charge dans le milieu d'une autre tache triangulaire plus petite et d'une couleur beaucoup plus claire ou quelquefois plus foncee ; des ecailles unies et en lozange couvrentle, dfessus du corps, qui est blanchatreavec des taches roussesirregulieres etbordeesdenoir; on, voit un rang de petites taches de chaque cote du dos et une tache noire allongee, et placee obliquement derriere chaque ojil." The length of Count Lacepedes specimen was 2 feet 7 inches 2 lines, tail 3 inches. Abdom. sc. 213, subcaud. 48 pair. There can be no doubt therefore of the priority of Lacepede'a description which is very accurate, but inasmuch as but one row of lateral spots is mentioned, there is some doubt whether it applies to eximius or to the ser- pent described by Baird and Girard, having only one row of lateral spots, (Ophibolus clericus.) We have a number of specimens with but a single row of 246 October, lateral spots with transverse blotches much broader, and reaching to the abdo" minal rows of scales, but in which the size and position of the eyes do no* appear to form constant characters. The blotches in a recent specimen are o^ a bright red, a very inappropriate color for a clercius, according to our present notions. The specimens marljed eximius are all immature, with one excep- tion, but all have the double row of spots. Ablabes^triangulum, var. clericus] Char. — A large triangular red blotch upon posterior part of head and neck, with a smaller one of a lighter color in the middle ; a black band from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; 27 rows of quadrate blotches upon the back, of a bright red color bordered with black, the 27th opposite the anus ; eight upon the tail ; the blotches upon the back separated from the abdominal scuta by a row and one half of scales, and sometimes reaching as far as the last row ; a single row of much smaller lateral spots of a red color bordered with black, inter- mediate as respects the position of the larger ones, occupying the last or abdo- minal row of scales, and a portion of the abdominal plates; 21 rows of scales; abdom. scut, 19G, prseanal single, subcaud. 44; circumference 2 inches 7 lines. Total length 2 feet 1h inches, of tail 3 inches 11 lines. It will be observed that these characters differ very little from those given by Count Lacepede. Hahitat. — Clark county, Virginia, Mississippi and neighborhood of Haddonfield, New Jersey. For description of var. eximius,* see Dr. Holbrook's work, N. American Herpet., vol. 3, p. 69. The geographical range of eximius, according to Prof. Holbrook, is Maine, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Illinois, and high up the Missouri, (calligaster. Say,) and New York, (Prof. Baird.) Gen. TANTILLA, B. and G. Among the Ophidians of Dr. Hammond's collection is a very small Calamarian, resembling in its general appearance Carphophis amfena, Dum. and Bib., but much more slender and of a lighter brown color. The arrangement of the plates upon the head, however, is quite different, and I cannot find a genus into which to place it, among those of the Calamarians characterized by Dum. and Bibron, in the Catalogue of North American Serpents of Baird and Girard, un- less it be Tantilla, or of the snakes in the British Museum, by Mr. Gray. The following are its characters : — Head small, slightly rounded above, depressed in front ; snout smooth, rounded, nine plates upon the top of the head, the two anterior frontals much smaller than the posterior, which pass down on each side of the head between the posterior nasal and the anterior orbitar plates, and are in contact with the superior labials ; nostrils between two plates, situated in the anterior of the two for the most part, at its posterior edge ; vertical or frontal plate short and broad, hexagonal, the posterior angle much more acute than the an- terior; occipitals rather long, pentagonal ; the supraciliaries do not project over the eye ; but two temporal plates ; no loral, the posterior frontal taking the place of it; one ant-orbitar and one post-orbitar, the latter somewhat larger than the former ; six superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth, the fourth, fifth and sixth much larger than the preceding ones ; eye small ; six inferior labial?, the fourth the largest ; body slender, somewhat thicker near the middle, with 15 rows of smooth and rhomboidal scales ; five longitudinal rows of smooth rhomboidal scales, four scales in each beneath the neck, between the posterior geneial and front abdominal scutes ; three inferior lateral rows of scales larger *Dr. Dekay says of the eximius, "it is rare to find them exceeding 4 feet ; the more usual length is about two." 1856.] 247 than the others ; coZor light brown or olive above, lighter beneath, approaching to white, a narrow dark colored line along the middle of the back, commencing at the occiput ; head of a darker brown than the rest of body; ab. scut. 130 ; one single praeanal and 42 bifid sub-caud. Bimeimons. Length of head 3 lines ; greatest breadth 2 ; length of neck and body 5 inches ; of tail 1 inch 6h lines ; total length 6 inches 9^ lines. Habitat. Kansas. Gen. Remarks. This serpent corresponds very closely with Tantilla of Baird and Girard, and may be their Tantilla gracilis, which, however, wants the vertebral line. In their species the posterior frontal do not come in contact with the labials and the vertical plate is represented as anteriorly acute. The number of rows of smooth scales, of orbitar plates and abdominal and sub-caudal scutes agree very well, there being 129 of the former and 45 of the latter. We do not find, however, that the inferior row of scales is considerably broader than the others, if indeed so broad as the row above it. Ilalitat, Indianola. CORONELLA LaCRENTI, 1768. Char. " Serpents with posterior superior maxillary teeth longer and on the same line with the others, without interval ; trunk elongated ; scales smooth ; snout rounded and but little elongated." D. & B. CoRONELLA DOLIATA, Var. There is one specimen of Coronella doliata, one foot three inches in length ; and two specimens resembling the Calamaria elapsoidea of Holbrook, which ap- pear to be the young of the former. They do not belong to the genus Calamaria, which has but one nasal plate and no frenal, elapsoidea having no frenal and the nostril between two plates. We have also in the collection of the Academy a specimen marked elapsoidea from the Creek boundary, which, however, has a loral plate and is no doubt a young coronella. The following notes may charac- terize sufficiently these specimens: Cor. doliata, adult. Head resembling that of Elaps ; vertical (frontal) plate a little longer than broad ; two lines in breadth ; occipitals stort ; pre-frontals (posterior frontals) much larger than the inter- nasals (ant. frontals) ; nostrils between two plates ; a small and narrow frenal ; one anterior and two posterior oculars, seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; 21 rows of smooth, quadrangular, elongated scales ; tail short, 3 inches 3 lines in length. Abdom. scut. 200; one single prajanal; 52 subcaudal. Coloration. Twenty-nine red spots upon the back, bordered with black ; in- terspaces between the black bands white ; the red spots are for the most part more narrow in tbe middle, more extended laterally ; the black bands occasional- ly almost touching each other; the black bands coalesce with black, sub-quad- rate spots upon the abdomen, having other black spots intermediate; a black, transverse band across the occipital plates; a few black spots upon the upper labials ; ground colour below light yellow ; the black bands upon the back are from two to two and a half lines measured longitudinally, being about thrice the dimensions of those of a specimen from Delaware. The red spots or trans- verse bands occupy from two to two and a half rows of scales, as do also the black bands upon the margins. In the specimen from Delaware the red spots occupy a much greater space, the first comprising 11 rows of scales, but 6 in the Kansas specimen ; the second six, in the Kansas specimen three, and the black margins are also much more narrow, occupying \\ rows of scales ; the black tesselated markings upon the abdomen also differ, and the alternate black spots are not seen except towards the tail ; the snout is more acute, and the number of rows of scales is less, viz.: 19. Ab. scuta 18G ; one single prajanal ; and 42 sub-caudal. In the specimens of Ophibolus gracilis, B. and G., the anterior black rin^s 80 extend as to cover the whole head above, except the very tips ; in other speci- mens the black rings run into each other. In another there were only 21 pai-s 248 [October, of rings. They are from Arkansas and Louisiana : number of rovrs of scales not mentioned, (Cat. N. Am. Reptiles in Smith. Inst. j). 91). Ophibolus is not cha- racterized with sufBcient precision to be retained, including as it does two genera, Ablabes and Coronella, belonging to different families, the one (Ablabes) an Isodontian, with teeth of equal length, the other (Coronella) a syncraterian, (posterior teeth in the latter much larger and stronger than those which precede them, a well marked character in our specimens). The one from Delaware corresponds very well with Prof. Holbrook's Coronella doliata, though the rings are not so generally confluent with the spots upon the abdomen. Iq one of the younger specimens, one 9;} the other 7f inches in length, the red blotches are much wider apart, the black rings more narrow in proportion and the white interspaces wider than in the other. The black rings in rows, in these specimens entirely surround the abdomen. (We need for the thorough elucida- tion of the natural history of the Coronellians resembling each other so much in color, a greater number of specimens and of all ages. Our friends would confer a favor upon science would they take care, as has been the case to a great extent in the Kansas collection, to send us numerous specimens of the same species.) Gen. HemarJcs. The coloration of this serpent differs very considerably from that of the figure of Ophibolus gentilis, B. and G., in the exploration of the Ked river of Louisiana, by Capt. Randolph B. Jlarcy and George B. McClellan. The blotches in that figure are much more extended, and the black marginal rings much wider apart. In one of these specimens there were 25 instead of 29 pairs of black rings, the red portion occupying a much greater space ; but in another there were 28; dorsal row of scales 21; Ab. scut. 198; sub-caud. 45; total length 20 inches. These black ringed Coronellians will probably, when a suf- ficient number of specimens shall have been procured from different parts of the Union to determine the question, turn out to be for the most part varieties of one and the same species. Gen. Tropidonotus, Kuhl. The genus Tropidonotus belongs to the family of Syncraterians of Dum. and Bibron, in which the teeth are in a continuous row without interval, and the posterior longer than the others ; the scales in this genus, as its name indicates, are always carinated, more especially those upon the flanks. The tail is of moderate length. Three species in the collection belong to this genus, viz. : Tropidonotus parictalis of Say, of which there are three fine specimens ; a much larger one, (Trop. obliquus.) and Trop. ordinatus. Tropidonotus parietalis, Say. The collection made by Dr. Hammond Includes two specimens of Tropidonotus parietalis. Both these serpents correspond with the short but clear de- scription of Say. The red spots on the sides are very apparent; one of the specimens is quite stout, the circumference being 3} inches at the middle ; 147 abdom. scut, a single prneanal, (tail mutilated) 19 rows of scales, the inferior row smooth, the middle stripe broad, occupying one and the half of each adjoining row of scales. In the smaller speeimen, Ab. sc. 155., and 83 sub- caudal ; tail of moderate length, rather long and tapering. Ilahilat. Between San Antonio, El Paso, Missouri (Say); Kansas, California, (Dr. Heermann); Rio San Pedro, Texas, (Woodhouse.) There is but one specimen of Tropidonotus ordinatus (young) with the lateral stripes very distinct, three rows of alternate black spots ; extremities of abdo- minal scales black spotted anteriorly ; occipital plates bi-punctate ; 21 rows of scales all carinated, inferior row largest; ab. sc. 167, a single pra^nal, 78 sub- caudal. Total length, 1 foot 1 inch 7 lines, of tail 3^ inches. Tropidoxotcs obliquds, nob. Char. Head long, flattened above, nostril between two plates, a loral, other plates normal, 8 superior labials, the eye resting on the 4th and 5th, 6lh and 7th 1856.] 249 the largest; immediately behind the middle post-ocular one temporal plate be- tween the occipital and the superior labials ; 23 rows of carinated scales, the inferior row but slightly carinated and larger than the others; scales strongly emarginate posteriorly, the carinae running the whole length of the scale ; scales long and rather narrow upon the back, broader towards the abdomen. 140 ab. so- 1 bifid prjeaual, and 69 sub caudal ; tail rather long, tapering to a point ; body robust, size about that of Tr, sipedon. Coloration. Greyish above, with large transverse and more or less oblique blotches of the same color bordered with black, extending as far as the abdo- minal scales; they are quite broad, occupying about five rows of scales, and have very irregular margins ; the interspaces between them are comparatively very narrow, from a scale to nearly two in width ; 32 of these oblique blotches may be counted, the 32d opposite the anus ; 18 or 19 transverse brownish bands upon the tail; under surface resembling very much that of sipedon, the ground color yellow, which predominates greatly at the anterior part; throat and under jaws quite yellow, the posterior margins of the inferior labials bordered with brown. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 5 lines ; greatest breadth 9 ; length of body 2 feet, 1 inch, 7 lines ; of tail 8 inches; total length, 2 feet, 10 inches, 1 line ; circumference 3 inches, 1 line. Gen. Remarks. — This serpent differs from Trop. rhombifer and transversus. It resembles very much a specimen in the possession of Dr. Holbrook from Chicago, sent to him sometime ago by Prof. Kirtland, and which he has kindly permitted me to examine. They both are of the same length, have similar mark- ings, and the same number of rows of scales. It may be a variety of Trop. sipedon. Heterodon nasicus. There are three specimens of Heterodon nasicus B. and G., in very excellent pieservation. These Heterodons are remarkable for their prominent rostral plate and bulging cheeks, giving them a physiognomy, to use the expression of Prof. Schlegel, quite different from that of our ordinary Heterodons. The abdo- men and under part of tail is almost entirely black. In two of the specimens the vertical (frontal) plate is as broad as long, in one broader by about half a line ; theehape of the vertical plate differs entirely from that of simus, but much more from that of niger and platyrhynos. In a specimen of simus there are eight small plates between the frontal and rostral, and the anterior nasal and su- pero-nasals; in nasicus fourteen, in platyrhynos and niger there is but one, (the azygos) immediately behind the rostral. In a specimen of niger there is but one loral plate, the posterior supra-nasal (posterior frontal) passing down upon the side to take the place of the upper one in simus ; and in platyrhynos two. The entire length of the largest of these specimens of nasicus is one foot, three inches, tail 2 inches 7 lines, circumference 1 inch 7 lines. It appears to be a smaller species than simus, and much smaller than platyrhynos and niger. Prof. Baird and Girard, however, give over two feet as the dimensions of a specimen from Sonora. Ab. sc. 137, 1 bifid praeanal, 43 sub-caudal. In 2d. 137, ab. sc. sub-caud. 43. In 3d, 137, ab. sc. sub-caud. 44. Ilabilal. Rio Grande, Red River, Arkansas, Fort Webster, Sonora. Gen. remarks The figure in Capt. Marcy's report does not accurately repre- sent this animal ; the bulging of the cheeks, a prominent characteristic, is not suflBciently shown, and the nostril is in a single plate, which is not the case. VENENOSI. Trigonocephalds contortrix. There are four specimens of Trigonocephalus contortrix, which present no- thing very peculiar. In one of them the black color predominates greatly upon the abdomen ; dorsal rows of scales near the middle in all 23. In a fine specimen from Pottsville, Pa., presented by Mr. C. T. Hughes, the dorsal rows are but 21, 250 [October, ab. sc. 146 ; a single prfeanal,38 sub-caud. followed by 1 bifid near the posterior extremity of the tail ; in the Pottsville specimen, 148 ab. sc. 1 bifid near the anus, 21 single and 20 bifid plates at the end of the tail. In a 2d 142, ab. sc. 1 bifid near the anus, 25 single and 21 bifid. In all the specimens the sub-cau- dal scales are single anteriorly and bifid posteriorly. The Trigonocephali, like the Crotali, have a deep pit between the eye and the nostril, in which they differ from the Vipers. They have plates upon the head, unlike Bothrops and several other genera, and are destitute of rattles. This serpent was first de- scribed by Linnzcus under the name Boa contortrix ; and afterwards by Pali- sot de Beauvois, who calls it Angistrodon mokeson. It has been placed in no less than five difiFerent genera, viz. : Boa, Angistrodon, Cenchris, Scytalus, and Tri- gonocephalus, with three different specific names. Habitat. This serpent has a very wide geographical range. From N. Eng- land to Florida, and the shores of the Atlantic to Alleghanies, (Holbrook) Ohio, Penn., S. Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, (B. andG.) Crotalcs confluentus. There is one specimen of Crotalus, which corresponds sufficiently well with Say's description of Crotalus confluentus. The spots are more crowded together anteriorly than in the specimen described in Sitgreave's report ; the interspaces between the first fourteen being much more indistinct than between those which follow, especially the first seven which present the appearance of narrow white transverse bands ; they are confluent only to a slight extent. Total length including rattle, 1 foot 8| inches; of tail including rattle 1 inch 8 lines; of rattle 9 lines ; (4 rattles and terminal appendage) of head 1 inch, breadth f; 25 or 27 rows of scales. 178 ab. sc, a single praeanal, 1 bifid, 14 single and 2 bifid sub-caudal, the last near the rattle ; circumference 2 inches. 40 brown subquadrate spots, more or less marginated, may be counted upon the back and four or five upon the tail; the last nine or ten have more the appearance of bars than regular blotches. A much larger Crotalus than the above is found in California, of which an excellent figure is given in Capt. Marcy's Exploration of Red River, pi. 1, under the name of Crotalus confluentus. We have several in the collection of the Academy, presented by Dr. Heermann, of which a notice will be given in the forthcoming volume of the Pacific Railroad report, under the direction of Capt. Williamson. These are of a yellowish color be- neath, with brownish maculations; the subquadrate spots upon the back a deep brown bordered with orange. One of these specimens measures more than 3 feet in length ; 23 rows of scales. The predominating color in the specimens, ex- cept that of the dorsal subquadrate blotches, is sulphur yellow. The name of Cro- talus Lecontii might perhaps with propriety be given to this species from Cali- fornia, and that of confluentus be retained for the smaller crotalus with quad- rate blotches, from Missouri and Kansas. The serpent figured in the Explora- tion of Red River, has more the general appearance of the former, and the shape of the rattle corresponds, this in confluentus tapering to a point; and not quad- rangular as in the larger animal. ^ Ranid.£. There is in the collection a specimen of Rana halecina, which does not diflfer in any important particular from the R. halecina found in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, unless it be that in the latter the internal nares appear to be larger, and the tongue more narrow. The vocal vesicles are quite distinct, the pores upon the orbit conglomerated and very apparent ; others arc observed upon the neck and anterior part of the back, and a band extends along the upper margin of each flank, from the posterior angle of the eye to near the thigh; Dumeril and Bibron state, that it is with some doubt that they separate this species (the halecina,) from palustris, but admit that they are, and they are no doubt distinct. They are both very common in the neighborhood of Phila- delphia. The Rana halecina has vocal vesicles, the palustris has none; the 1856.] 251 spots as Dumeril and Bibron observe, are subquadrate in palustrig, but round in halecina ; the thighs are very differently marked in the two species, and the tympanum, as stated by the authors above mentioned, is smaller in palustris, but it appears to us that the snout is more acute in the latter than in halecina, being the rererse of the diagnosis as given by them. Rana pipiens. There is but one specimen of Rana pipiens in the collection, and that is about half grown. It does not differ materially from one of the same dimensions from Absecom, N. J., except in the size of the tympanum, which in the Kansas specimen is not more than 2^^ lines in diameter ; whereas in the one found at Absecom it is 6 lines, being the same as in a very large and full grown specimen from Buffalo, New York. The general color is olive above, minutely and sparsely spotted with black, with very indistinct bars of a deeper olive upon the posterior ex- tremities. The mottlings below resemble each other, except that in the Abse- com specimen they are of a chocolate color, and the color of the abdomen less clouded ; they both appear to be females. The difference in the size of the tympanum is certainly remarkable, but without a greater number of specimens, we are unwilling, on that account, to give it a new specific name. Besides the above, there are several other smaller specimens of the same olive color above, the rows upon the posterior extremities of a darker color, the body covered with minute black spots, in the youngest resembling the R. conspersa of Major Le Conte, which is, probably, the young of R. pipiens. According to Major Le Conte, conspersa wants the ridge upon the tympanum. Under part mottled as in the larger individual. There is a single specimen of a very small Batrachian resembling the Acris gryllus, grey spotted above with the triangular spots upon the head ; thighs and eyes obliquely spotted with brown ; under parts white ; length from snout to posterior extremity of body C lines; length of anterior extremities 3 lines; of posterior 9J. BUFONIDiE. BUFO AMERICANUS. There are in the collection of Dr. Hammond, two very large toads, larger than any specimens of Bufo americanus that I have seen. They measure 3 inches 11 lines in length, (from snout to vent,) the dimensions of the Bufo ameri- canus, as given by Prof. Holbrook, being but 2.} inches. The longitudinal ridges upon the head are as in Americanus, and there is a narrow vertebral line running from the extremity of the snout to near the posterior extremity of the body; the general color is dusky above mingled with olive, with a few subround black spots and linear maculations ; the black colored maculations are more distinct upon the sides ; under part yellow, mingled with orange posteriorly ; the warts upon the sides of the body above and upon the posterior extremities are remark- able for their large size. The Bufo punctatus of Profs. Baird and Girard appears to be the young of this species ; they are of an ash grey with subround spots, and irregular mark- ings of black, containing one or more prominent red colored points or tubercles. Under parts white, with a tinge of blue upon the abdomen, except posteriorly, the under surface of the posterior extremities of a yellow color. I cannot make out that this toad differs essentially from Bufo americanus, and in this my friend Major Le Conte agrees, who also examined the specimen. The most striking difference between this species and the Americanus, con- sists in the much greater breadth of the tongue, and its greater comparative evertilitj' ; in two specimens of equal size, the tongue in the Kansas specimen is six lines in breadth, in Bufo Americanus but three. In the largest specimen the tongue measures 7 lines in breadth, and is somewhat less evertile then in the smaller specimen. This species is very different from Bufo halophila, B. & G., inhabiting California; the latter is much more warty, the warts being 252 [October, very numerous and much developed along the middle of the back; the mark- ings beneath are also different, halopbila being largely maculated beneath. Engystoma olivaceum, nob. There is a single specimen of Engystoma, one inch one line in length by seven lines in breadth ; the anterior extremities 6 ; the posterior 1 inch 10 lines in length. The general color above is olive, with dark colored spots posteriorly; these are observed in considerable number upon the poste- rior part of the body and upper part of the thighs ; a few also are seen over the shoulders ; the sides are obscurely marbled with brown ; under surface yellow, immaculate ; a well marked fold passes across the head behind the eyes, ex- tending down alongside of the head. This specimen is larger than any of those in the collection of the Academy, and the coloration is quite diflFerent from that of Dr. Holbrook's figure (N. Am. Herpet. vol. v. pi. vi.,) and the specimens from Georgia in the collection pre- sented by Maj. Le Conte. These are all more or less mottled with brown beneath and brown or chestnut colored above. Dimensions. As above, length of tarsus and toes 9 lines ; of leg 4 lines ; of thigh 4 ; of arm 2, of forearm 2. Gen. Remarks. Dumeril and Bibron describe five species of Engystoma — two from N. America, (carolinense and rugosum,) two from S. America, (ovale and microps,) and one from Malabar, (ornatum.) • Ilahilat. According to Dr. Holbrook, Engystoma Carolinense has never been found north of Charleston, its range extending westward to the lower Missis- sippi. URODELA. AMBYSTOMIDiE. Ambystoma luridum, var. fasciatum. There is but one specimen of Urodela, viz., an Ambystoma. This is the same animal apparently figured in Dumeril and Bibron's work, pi. 105, under the name Ambystome abandes, (variete,) but it differs entirely from Ambystoma fasciatum, (opacum,) not only in coloring but in the arrangement of the teeth; these in fasciatum are placed in three distinct groups, whereas in the present specimen they are in a continuous series, forming a very obtuse angle, the lateral prolongations passing behind the internal nares and terminating in a line with their external margin, presenting the same arrangement as in Axa- hjBtoma. luridum, of which it is probably a variety, having nothing to distinguish it from that species but the coloration. Dumeril and Bibron state that their specimen was received from the neighborhood of New Orleans. One cannot but remark, in studying the collection of reptiles above noticed, the great difference in the geographical range of the genera and species composing it. The Emysdoes not exist with us, neither does a single one of the genera of the lizards, unless it be Cnemidophorus. Of the innocuous serpents four are common to Pennsylvania and Kansas, viz., Elaphis Alleghaniensis, Ablabes triangulum, Tropidonotus ordinatus and Herpetodryas vernalis. The others, viz., Tropidonotus parietalis, unless it be considered a climatal variety of si- talis, Tropidonotus oblicjuus, Microps lineatus, Coryphodon flaviventris, Coro- nella doliata, Tantilla gracilis and lleterodon nasicus are unknown to us. The genera of innocuous serpents in the collection common to Pennsylvania and Kan- sas, are Elaphis, Ablabes, Tropidonotus, Coryphodon and Heterodon. Of the venomous serpents, Trigonocephalus contortrix, which is one of the most widely diffused of our serpents exists in both regions, but Crotalus coufluentus is found only in the far west and south-western portions of North America. Of the Ranidiu, R. halecina and pipiens are common to both, and of the Bufonida; B. Americanus; but we have no Engystoma, and among the Urodela no Ambys- toma, with an arrangement of teeth and system ef coloration in all respects 1856.] 253 similar to the specimen in the collection, which appears to us, as above men- tioned, to be closely allied to luridum. We have not at present the materials for a complete representation of the Herpetological fauna of America either North or South, but these will hereafter no doubt present some very curious results, when compared with the fauna of the West India Islands, and other parts of the globe. In order, however, to arrive at the truth in a matter so important, it will be necessary to determine with the utmost precision the characters both of the genera and species, and this cannot be done without a knowledge of the anatomy, as well as of the ex- ternal forms. Descriptions and Notes on Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the National Museum, Washington. By John Cassin. I. BuTEO CooPERi, nobis. About the size of Buteo horealis. Bill strong, edges of upper mandible lobed, wings long, quills wide, fourth quill longest, tail moderate, legs rather long, tarsi feathered in front slightly below the joint, behind and remainder in front naked, with about 13 transverse scales in front and 11 behind. Total length (skin) 2U- inches, wing 15, tail 9 inches. Tail white at base, external feathers with their outer webs cinereous and their inner webs white mottled with cinereous, other feathers of the tail mottled and striped longitudinally with white, bright rufous, dark brown and cinereous, darker on the outer webs. A subterminal transverse band of dark brown, tip white. Plumage of the head above white at base, tipped, and with longitudinal stripes of brownish black ; back and rump brownish black, upper tail coverts white, transversely barred with dark brown and tinged with rufous, wing coverts and quills cinereous darker on outer webs of primaries and lighter on their exposed ends. Under parts white, with narrow stripes of dark brown, numerous on the neck, throat and flanks, (breast, abdomen and under tail coverts pure white,) a few of the same on the under wing coverts, tibiae faintly tinged with yellowish. Bill dark bluish, tarsi yellow. Obs. This is the young plumage, and the present specimen is the only one that I have ever seen. It is from California, and is in the collection made by Dr. J. G. Cooper, while attached to Lieut. Williamson's party that surveyed a route for a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. This bird belongs to the same group as Buteo eythronoius of South America, and has nearly the same light cinereous color of the wings, quite different from any other North American species. I have named it in honor of Di. Cooper, a talented and active young naturalist, the son of William Cooper, Esq., one of the most eminent of American Naturalists. 2. EOPSALTRIA CINEREA, UObiS. Bill thick and rather long, distinctly notched near the end, wing rather long, first quill spurious, fourth slightly longest, tail moderate, tarsi and toes slender, feathers of the head above slightly lengthened. Total length (of skin) 5 inches, wing 2|, tail 2 inches. Entire upper parts cinereous, feathers on the head with faint lines of brown on the shafts. Quills dark ashy brown, edged externally with pale ashy, tail dark ashy brown, narrowly tipped with white. Throat and abdomen white, breast pale ashy, under wing coverts white. Obscure line from the bill to the eye, and ring around the latter, while, spot in front of the eye, dark ashy brown. Bill dark, base of lower mandible white, feet dark. Ilab. Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu. Obs. This little bird is nearer the genus Eopsaltria, than any other that 1 can find at present, though perhaps not strictly. Two specimens in the collection of Mr. DuChaillu are all that I have seen. It is a plain little bird, having the general appearance of Vireo and Eopsaltria. 254 [October, 3. SiTTA ACULEATA, nobiS. About the same size as Sitta carolinensis and much resembling it, but with the bill longer and much more slender. The colors of the upper parts are darker than in S.. carolinensis, and the white of the tail of less extent. JBab. California. Specimen in Nat. Mus. Washington, and Mus. Acad., Philadelphia. Ohs. This is the western style of Sitta, nearly allied to the common species of the States on the Atlantic. It may very readily be distinguished by its long, slender and pointed bill, which is a constant and unvarying character. Numer- ous specimens are in the collections above referred to, and it appears to be a common bird of the western regions of North America. 4. ToDiRAMPHUs VARius, (Eytou,) Auctorum. Halcyon varia, Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1839, p. 101. Blyth Jour. As. Soc. IBengal, xv., p. 11. Whatever may be the bird described by Mr. Eyton as above, it is quite certain that Mr. Blyth as cited, describes Halcyon concreta, Temm. PI. Col. iv„ pi . 346 The latter describes at length, and the species can readily be identified with Temminck's plate, even without specimens. We regard it as quite probable, too, that Mr. Eyton alludes to the same bird, and at present regard his name as a synonyme for Halcyon concreta. This bird does not belong to the genus Todiramphus, 5. COLUMRA IRIDITORQCES, UObiS. About the size of Turtur eythrophrys. Wing rather long, quills broad, second quill longest, tail rather short, feathers broad, legs short. Total length (of skin, male) about 10| inches, wing 6i, tail 4 inches. Female smaller. Neck behind with a wide collar of cinnamon color, with golden violet and green metallic lustre. Entire head cinereous, light on the throat and in front, darker and with a green metallic lustre on the occiput, other upper parts very darkj nearly black with a tinge of cinereous, and on the back and rump with green and violet metallic lustre, especially next to the nuchal collar. Under parts vinaceous, under tail coverts light chestnut, under wing coverts dark cinereous. Two central tail feathers dark cinereous, others same color on their outer webs, and dark chestnut on their inner webs, and widely tipped with yel- lowish white. Legs yellow. Hah. St. Paul's river and Moonda river. Western Africa. Dr. MacDowell's collection and Mr. DuChaillu's collection. Spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada. Obs. This handsome species of Dove has been in the collection of the Aca- demy for some years, having been collected by Dr. MacDowcll, but I have never succeeded in finding a name for it. It is not given in the Columbidce of the Prince Bonaparte's Conspectus Avium. Several specimens are in Mr. DuChaillu's collections. This species does not intimately resemble any other known to me, and may be immediately recognized by its wide nuchal collar, the colors of which are very brilliant. The back and rump and some of the wing coverts have also brilliant metallic lustre. G. Zapounia umrrina, nobis. "Zapornia spilinota, Gould," Pcale, Voy. Vincennes, Birds, p. 224. About the size of Z. spilonota, Gould. Bill rather long, membrane of the nostril very large, wing rather long, third quill longest, tertiaries long, tail short, legs moderate, toes long. Total length (skin) 5?^ inches, wing 3, tail 2 inches. Entire upper parts reddish brown or snuiT color, darkest on the rump, which color is continued on the sides below the lower edges of the wings. Under parts dark cinereous, lighter on the throat, under tail coverts brownish black with transverse stripes of Avhite, under wing coverts brown edged with white, feet light colored, bill darker. Hab. Fcejce Islands. Specimens in the collection of the U. S. Exploring E.xpedition, (Vincennes and Peacock.) 1856.] 255 Obs. This bird ivas given in Mr. Peale's volume on the Birds and Quadrupeds of Gapt. Wilkes's Expedition, as Zapomia spUonota, Gould, but though very pro- bably of the same genus, is distinct, and we have not found it described. 7. Tachypetf.s Palmeustoxi, (Gmelin.) Pelecanus Palmerstoni, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 573, (1788.) Obs. This is a species quite distinct from T. aqvila, and is apparently exclu- sively an inhabitants of the Pacific Ocean. From that species the present bird may readih* be distinguished by its much larger gular pouch, Avhich in the living bird is of a red color. Its quills and tail feathers are much narrower and the latter is longer. So far as can be determined from preserved specimens, the two species are nearly of the same size, thoagh the present bird is the more slender. Numerous specimens are in the collection of the Exploring Expedition, (Vincennes and Peacock.) Notices of Remains of Extinct Vertebrated Aniinals discovered by Professor E. Emmons. By Joseph Leidt, M. D. Cetacea. 1. Orycterocetcs corxutidens, Leidy. 0. quadratid£7is, Proc. A. N. S. VII, 378. The genus was originally proposed on several long horn-like teeth, together with fragments of jaws found in the miocene deposit of Virginia. Prof. Em- mons has also discovered a tooth, apparently of the same species, in the mio- cene deposite of North Carolina. The tooth bears a wonderful resemblance to the horn of a young ox. It is nearly 5 inches long in the curve and over an inch in diameter at base, which is hollowed into a deep conical cavity, as in the spermaceti whale. Sauria. 2. Drepaxodon impar, Leidy. This species is founded on the crown of a tooth discovered by Prof. Emmons in the miocene deposit of Cape Fear, North Carolina. The specimen, in form, bears a strong resemblance to the crown of the in- ferior canine tooth of a bear, but it has only one trenchant ridge, and this is situated postero-internallj'. The enamel is thin and smooth; the base of the crown is hollowed conically. Length of specimen 10 lines; breadth at base antero-posteriorly 7 lines, transversely 5 lines. 3. Pliogoxodox priscus, Leidy. Founded on two much mutilated specimens, consisting of the crowns of teeth, discovered by Professor Emmons in a miocene deposite of Cape Fear, in North Carolina. Teeth elongated conical, nearly straight or only slightly curved inwardly, in section circular, with a pair of opposed carinse on the inner side ; surfaces divided into numerous narrow planes, with a few vertical interrupted plicae, which are more numerous on the inner side. Enamel finely wrinkled ; and the dentine concentric. Base of crown hollowed. Probable length of crown when perfect 2 inches, breadth of base f of an inch. The teeth differ from those of Mososaurus in their narrower proportion, straightness, circular section, and plicae of the enamel; from those of Folypty- chodon in the possession of divisional planes and opposed carina; ; and from those of Pleiosaurus in the former character and the circular section. 4. Pal^osackcs? (Compsosaurus) PRiscns, Leidy : ante p. 165. Half a dozen isolated teeth of this saurian are contained in the collection of Prof. Emmons. 256 [October, 5. Omosaurus PEEPLEXU3, Leidy. An enaliosaiirian, based upon a number of teeth of varied character, vertebrae, fragments of ribs and other bones, and the impression of a dermal plate, obtained from the coal field of Chatham Co., North Carolina, by Prof. Emmons and also by Prof. M. Tuomey. Teeth elongated conical, pointed, nearly straight, or more or less mo- derately curved inwardly, with opposed carinae on the inner side, which are entire or denticulated ; transverse section subcircular, flattened in- ternally ; surfaces even, or more or less distinctly fluted on the outer side or all around, and covered with minute interrupted ridges, which are vertical on the even surface, oblique on the fluted surface, and divergent downward in the vi- cinity of the carinEe. Crown solid, enamel thin, dentine concentric ; fang sub- cylindrical, hollowed at base'. Length from 5 lines to IJ inches, breadth from 2 lines to 4| lines. Bodies of the vertebrae bi-concave and much constricted, as in Palceosaurtis ? and Clepsysaurus. Length of one of the posterior cervical bodies 16 lines, depth of its articular surfaces 17 lines, width 15 lines. Dermal plate covered with radiating, bifurcating and anastomosing ridges. Allied to Clepsysaurus and Centemodon, Lea, and probably identical with them. Labyrinthodonta. G. DicTYOCEPHALUS ELEGANS, Leidy. Founded on the upper portion of a cranium discovered by Prof. Emmons in. the coal-field of Chatham Co., N. C. Plates of the cranium covered with reti- cular ridges in a general radiant manner. Parietals comparatively short, broader in front than behind; parietal foramen near the centre of the bones. Occipitals quadrate, a little longer than broad. Posterior outline of the cranium with a superficial transverse concavity on each side and not a deep sinus as in Trematosaurus and Archegosaurus. Breadth of occipital outline 28 lines ; length of parietals 8 J lines, breath anteriorly 3| lines, posteriorly 3 lines. Probable length of head, considering it to have had nearly the proportions of Tremato- saurus, 4 inches, breadth 2| inches. Pisces. 7. IscnYUHizA AXTiQUA, Lcidy. The genus was originally based on a tooth found in the Green Sand of New Jersey. Two teeth apparently of a second speceis have been obtained by Prof. Emmons on the Neuse River, N. C. Crown of the teeth, when perfect, apparently, laterally compressed conical. Fang robust, quadrately pyramidal, curved ; with a rugged base which is bifur- cated antero-posteriorly and more deeply before than behind. Pulp cavity en- tirely closed at bottom. Probable length of specimens when entire l.l, and 2 inches ; length of fang 10 lines, and 1 inch ; breadth of crown at base antero- posteriorly 5 lines, 6 lines ; laterally 3f 1., 4| 1. ; breath of fang at bottom an- tero-posteriorly 7 1.. 8| 1.; laterally 6J 1„ 7 1. Notice of some Remains of Fishes discovered hy Dr. John E. Evans. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. Clupea humilis, Leidy. Founded on an impression of the fish upon one half of a clay stone nodule from a tertiary deposit of Green Iliver, Missouri. Length 3| inches; greatest depth 16 lines. Dorsal fin with 15 rays; abdo- minal 7, anal 14; caudal 20? From the head to the position of the anus 28 abdominal spines may be counted. 2. Cladocyclus? 0CCIDENTALI9, Lcidy. Based on specimens of isolated scales, attached to masses of an ash-colored chalk, from the cretaceous deposite of the upper Missouri. 1856.] 257 The scales are almost the size of, and bear considerable resemblance to, those of Catastomus biibalus. A nearly circular scale is about l\ inches in diameter, and an ovoidal scale has been nearly 2 inches wide and 1 inch long. Deep radiant grooves mark the uncovered portion, and minute grannie-like points the opposed portion, while the intermediate tracts are smooth. 3. Enchodus shumardi, Leidy. Based on the specimen of a right dental bone found in company with Clado- rijclus occidentalis. The bone has been about an inch in length, and in the specimen it supports a series of six large teeth, of which the first one is 2 lines long and the lasti one 4 of a line. The border of the bone outside of the long teeth is fringed with minute teeth. The species is named in compliment to Dr. Benj. F. Shumard, of St. Louis, irho assisted Dr. Evans in bis important explorations. The Secretary announced the death of Mr. Samuel B. Ashmead, late a member of the Academy. ELECTION. Drs. Ellwood Wilson and Robert E. Griffith, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Eugene Francfort; of Middletown, Conn., were elected members of the Academy. 19 1856.] 259 November Ath, 1856. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Imperial Academy of Science and Belles Lettres of Lyons, dated July 14tli, 1856, transmitting its Memoires. From the Linnean Society of Lyons, dated July 9th, 1856, of the same tenor. From the Imperial Society of Agriculture, Natural History, and the Useful Arts, of Lyons, dated July 8th, 1856, of the same tenor. A paper was read, entitled " Description of a new Species of Tanager of the genus Saltator, by Philip Lutley Sclater." Referred to a com- mittee consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Mr. Cassin, and Dr. Hallowell. Mr. Lea presented a paper entitled " Descriptions of Eleven new species of Uniones from Georgia, by Isaac Lea." Referred to a com- mittee, consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Mr. Binney, and Dr. Leidy. Mr. Lea read portions of a letter from Dr. J. Lewis, dated Mohawk, N. Y., October 28th, 1856, giving a list of living mollusca in " Little Lakes," Otsego, County, |^N. Y. Referred to the Committee on Pro- ceedings. " The geological character of the basin in which the upper or northern Lake lies, is sufficiently explained by the out-cropping rocks of " Coriferous lime- stone " that appear near its eastern and western shores. The bottom of the lake was formerly, no doubt, either a stratum of the "Coriferous ' or the " Onondaga Limestone " of the New York Geological surveys. The lake is fed by a few small streams that drain a considerable extent of territory of the same geological character, and it is fair to presume that a con- siderable quantity of lime enters the lake in solution, where, by the influences of light, heat, evaporation, and animal and vegetable life, most of the lime is deposited in the form of a greenish grey mud, in which are immense numbers of shells, which are perhaps the accumulation of ages, and form in the h^ke and the surrounding marshes beds of marl, in many places over 20 feet deep. In such a locality the mollusca might be- expected to exhibit some unusual or singular features, and such indeed is the case. The species that have fallen under my observation have been sought only in the upper lake. The lower lake (which does not exhibit the marl of the upper to any remarkable extent) is so variable in its depth, from being raised or lowered to meet the requirements of a mill on its outlet, that a favorable oppor- tunity for examining it has not occurred at such times as could be made availa- ble. The species do not differ, so far as known, from those of the upper lake. Unio radiatus (var ?) Lam. Anodonta ? between fragilis and fluviatilis. Cyclas similis, Say. In shallow water. Cycles rhomboidea, Say. Borders of marshes. Cyclas crocea, Say. Borders of marshes. Pisidium variabile. Prime. Pisidium compressuni. Prime. Pisidium ventricosum. Prime, (obtusale ? Pfif.) Lymncea gracilis, Jay. Dead shells only seen in fragments. LymnoEa columella, Say. On aquatic plants. Lymncea apprcssa, Say. One dead shell seen only. PKOCEED. ACAO. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII. ^0. VI. 20 260 [November, Lymncea . Small and white ; rarely seen except in marl. Lymncea desidiosa, Say. Shores. Lymncea humilis, Say. Shores. Planorbis trivolvis, var. corpulentus, Say. Rarely seen. Planorbis eampanulatus, Say. Planorbis bicarinatus, Say. Small and white. Planorbis hirsutus, Say. Borders of marshes. Planorbis deflectus, Say. Borders of marshes. Planorbis parvus, Say. Borders of marshes. Physa heterostropha, Say. Ancylm, two species. On rushes. Paludina decisa ? Say. Shell coated with a fine red pigment, very adherent ; animal of a lighter color than any variety of decisa I have seen. Amnicola limosa, Say. Am. (Pal.) pallida? Lea. (Small, acutely conic;) rare. Valvata tricarinata, Say. Valvala, var. bicarinata, Lea. Runs into every change of carination that can be supposed. Sometimes one, sometimes two of the carinse are absent. Valvata sincera, Say. Animal blue, seen through the shell, which is white and translucent, while the shells of tricarinata, bicarinata and varieties are of usual characteristic green. Shells smooth, polished. Valvata striata, Lewis. Undescribed. Shell conical, depressed, umbilicate, aperture round ; epidermis brown and very regularly striate. Has all the other features of sincera, except color and translucency. Animals not observed. Very rarely seen. Of several hundred living specimens of Valvata, only seven were of this species. These are all the aquatic species yet observed." Mr. Lea also read a letter from Thomas Biddle, Jr., Esq., U. S. Consul at Singapore, dated August 21st, 1856, enclosing one from Prof. Oldham of Calcutta, offering to exchange the publications of the Asiatic Society, and of the Geological Society of British India, for those of the Academy. Referred to the Publication Committee with power to act. Hovemher 11th. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Characters of an undescribed Bird, belonging to the genus Campylo- rhynchus of Spix, with remarks upon other species of the same group. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M. A." Referred to a committee consisting of Dr. Wilson, Mr. Cassin and Col. McCall. Mr. Cassin presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper en- titled " Birds of Southern Indiana, by liufus Haymond." Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson and Col. McCall. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled " Notice of remains of two species of Seal, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." Referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Bridges, Mr. Vaux, and Dr. Hallowell. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled "Descriptions of new^Fossil Species of Mollusca, collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, under the direction of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, with a catologue of all the remains hitherto described and identified from the Tertiary and 1856.] 261 cretaceous rocks of that region. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D." Keferred to a committee consisting of Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea and Dr. Bridges. Dr. Carson exhibited a specimen of cochineal received by him from Prof. Henry, and accompanied by a letter from Capt. A. W. Bowman, U. S. A., dated Fort Stanton, New Mexico, September 13th, 1856, stating that the specimen was collected on Sept. 9th, in about lat. 34® from the most common variety of Cactus, known as " prickly pear," Dr. C. remarked that the specimen was interesting in consequence of exhib- iting the webby matter thrown out by the insect at a certain period of its growth. Dr. Uhler called attention to a second specimen of red and black cat- fish, similar to and obtained from the same locality as the one presented by him some weeks ago. November ISth. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Hallowell presented a paper entitled, " On a new and remarkable genus of Ranidae, from the river Parana, by Edward Hallowell, M. D." Referred to a committee consisting of Maj. Le Conte, and Drs. Leidy and Uhler. Dr. Rand announced the death, on the 16th inst., of Edmund Lang, M. D., late a member of this Academy. November 25th. Db. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. The Committees to which were referred Messrs. Sclater's and Lea's papers read 4th inst.; Messrs. Sclater's Haymond's, Leidy's, Meek and Hayden's papers read 11th inst.; and Dr. Hallowell's paper read 18th inst.j severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Description of a new species of Tanager of the genus Saltatob. By Philip Lutley Sclateb. Saltatob atbipennis. Supra oliraceo-Tiridis ; capite alis et cauda nigris ; vitta superciliari longa et macula auricular! utrinque albis ; subtus pallide cinerascenti-albus, gula alba, crisso ochracescente ; rostro nigro ; pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long, iota 7-4, alfe 4"2, caudse 3-6 poll. angl. Hab. in Nova Grenada, Popajan. Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. Two specimens of this very distinct species of Saltaior are in the Academy's collection, one marked " Popat/an," the other " Neto Grenada." There is no known bird of the genus to which it shows great resemblance, but I think it may be most naturally arranged near to S. orenocensis. 262 [November, Description of eleven Neio Species of Exotic TJniones, from Georgia. By Isaac Lea. Unio Elliottii. Testa grande plicata, subquadratS,, inflata, valde insequilate- rali ; valvulis percrassis ; natibus prominentibus, tumidis ; epidermide nigra, nitida ; dentibus cardinalibus permagnis, duplicis ; lateralibus crassis, longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio gracilior. Testa Ifevi, elliptica, inflata, infequilaterali ; valvulis tenui- bus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete radiata et nitida ; dentibus cardinalibus compressis erectisque ; lateralibus lamellatis, longis sub- curvisque; margarita albida et valde iridescente. Hab. Buckhead Creek, Burke Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio pullatis. Testa Ifevi, transversa, inflata, valde in^quilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-nigra ; dentibus cardinalibus curtis, crassis, duplicis ; lateralibus crassis, longis subrectisque ; margarita vel * purpurea vel salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Creeks near Columbus, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio favosus. Testa Ifevi, subtriangulari, subcompressa, ineequilaterali ; pos- tice subangulata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide luteo-olivacea, virido-maculata ; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, erec- tisque ; lateralibus crassis, sublongis subrectisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente. ,. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Geo. Bishop Elliott. Unio rutilans. Testa l^evi, elliptica, inflata, valde insequilaterali, in medio ad basim paulisper compressa ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis ; epider- mide luteo-viridi et valde radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, duplicis ; lateralibus pra;longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita cferuleo- alba et valde iridescente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio errans. Testa lasvi, oblonga, compressA ; valde intequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis ; lateralibus przelongis, lamellatis sub- rectisque ; margarita vel purpurea vel salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Tobesaufkie Creek, near Macon, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio vicinus. Testa laevi, oblonga, compressa, inrequilaterali ; valvulis sub- crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide virido-fuscS, obsolete radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, acuminatis compressisque ; lateralibus longis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente. Hab. Swift Creek, near Macon, Gecrgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio subellipsis. Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, insequilaterali, ad basim ro- tunda ; valvulis crassis; natibus subprominentibus ; epiderme tenebroso-brun- nea, polita, radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus brevibus, tumidis, subelevatisque ; lateralibus praelongis subrectisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab. Creeks near Columbus, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio geminus. Testa Irevi, elliptica, inflata, ina^quilate^ali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-castanea, obsolete radiata, ad um- bones polita; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, acuminatis, duplicis ; lateralibus longis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita purpurea et iridescente. Hab. Buckhead Creek, Burke Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio rostr;eformis. Testa la?vi, valde transversa, compressa, at latere planu- lata, valde insequilaterali, postice acute acuminata ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus vix prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete ra- 1856.] 263 diata, dentibus cardinalibus parvis, acuminatis, duplicis ; lateralibas praelongis, lamellatis rectisque ; margarita subpurpurea et iridescente. Hab. Swift Creek, near Macon, Geo. Bishop Elliott. Unio Blandianus. Testa tuberculata, quadrata, inflata, subinaequilaterali, postice truncata et emarginata, ad basini emarginata, in medio sulcata ; valvu- lis percrassis ; natibus prominentibus, incurvis, ad apices rugoso-uiidulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-castanea ; dentibus cardinalibus crassissimis, creuulatis, duplicis ; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis rectisque ; margarita argentea et iri- descente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Geo. Bishop Elliott. Characters of an apparently undescribed bird belonging to the genus Campylorhyn- CHUS, of Spiz, with remarks upon other species of the same group. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M. A. Campylorhtnchus humilis. Supra rufescenti-griseus albo et nigro mixtus ; dorsi et scapularium pennis medialiter albis inde nigris hoc colore rufescenti-griseo undique limbatis : nucha cum cervice postica et lined postoculari rufis ; capitis antici pennis nigris rufo terminatis : alis caudaque nigris supra aibido regulariter transfas- ciatis, subtiis autem fere unicoloribus, rectricibus omnibus albo late terminatis: linea lata et elongata superciliari et corpore subtiis lactescenti-albis ; crisso nigro regulariter transfasciato : stria parva gutturali utrinque nigra : rostro plumbeo: pedibus brunneis: long, tota 5.5, alse 2.5, caudee 2.2, rostri a rictu .75 poll. angl. Hab. in Mexico Boreali prope Mazatlan (Bell). This bird nearly resembles the Campylorhynchus capistratus, of Southern Mexico and Central America, figured by Des Murs in bis Iconographia Ornitho- logique (pi. 63), but may be at once distinguished by its diminutive size and the rufous head and post-ocular stripe, these parts being blaclc in the other species. There are three specimens of it in the Academy's collection. One of these was obtained by Mr. Bell, near Mazatlan, a second is marked " Califorjiia, Dr. GamheVs collection" and the third is one of the birds procured during the voyage of the Venus, but has no locality afExed. The Academy's collection, likewise, contains six examples, which I consider referable to Camp, capistratus. Four of these present the usual normal appearance of that bird, but the remain- ing two are considerably inferior in size, and but slightly exceed the present species in dimensions. One of these latter birds is also much spotted and blotched on the lower surface, and seems to be in that state of plumage in which it was characterized by Lesson as Picolaptes rufinucha. But as the black head is persistent in all these examples, even in such as are in manifestly im- mature plumage, I am induced to believe that the present bird with its rufous head and size, still more diminutive than in the smallest examples of C. capistratus, is really to be regarded as a distinct species. I think it very probable that this is the Campylorhynchus described, but not named, by Prince I3onaparte, in his Notes upon [Delattre's collections, (p. 43.) The genus Campylorhynchus was established by Spix in the first volume of his Birds of Brazil. In the Magazin de Zoologie in 1835, M. de Lafresnaye, pro- posed to use Lesson's term Picolaptes, for the same group. This is not proper, as M. de Lafresnaye has himself subsequently acknowledged, because, in the first place, Spix's name has the priority ; and secondly. Lesson's term was applied by him originally to a particular genus belonging to the different subfamily {Dendrocolaptince) for which it should be retained, although the same author subsequently described several t^'pical members of the group as being Picolaptoe. Many species of this genus present very great similarity in plumage, and from this fact and from their being considerable variation in the size and coloring of individuals, in some of the species, there is often much difficulty in determining them satisfactorily. 264 [XOYEMBER, A3 to the true position of the group. I quite agree with M. de Lafresnaye, ■who first described the greater part of the species, that its natural place is among the true wrens near the the genus Thryothorui, though pointing through the closelv-allied forms Hdeodytes and Donacobius, towards the mocking-birds {Jlimus.) The following is a list of the species of Campylorhynchv^, which I consider to rest on good authority: 1. C. scolopaceus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. pi. '79, fig. 1. {Opeiiorhi/nchus turdinus, P. Max.) from Brazil : one specimen in the Academy's collection. The synonyms of this bird in Prince Bonaparte's Conspectus, have been somehow mixed up with those of the last species of the genus next preceding it. Spis has figured it with toleiable accuracy. Turdus variegatui, of Gmelin, is] sometimes con- sidered to be identical with this species. 2. C. ht/postietue, Gould. P. Z. S., 1855, p. 63, from Eastern Peru. An ally of the preceding, but haring the body below much more thickly covered with spots. The only specimens I have seen of it were those received by 3Ir. Gould, which were obtained by HawksweU, on the Ucayali. 3. C. unicolor, Lafr., R. Z., 1845, p. 53. {Picolaptes scolopaceus, Lafr. & DOorb., .Syn. Av. in 5Iag. de Zool., 1337, p. 46. Anumbius seolopaceus, D'Orb. Voy., p. 256), from Bolivia. Two specimens of this bird are in the Academy's collection. They may be distinguished from C. scolopaceus, to which they are most closely related, by their nearly uniform white under-surface. 4. C. unicoloroides {:) Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 316, from Bolivia. I am not ac- quainted with this species. It would seem, from its curious name, to be closely allied to the last. 5. C. zonatu-s, (Less. Cent. Zool., t. 70.) A Mexican species not uncommon in collections. The Academy possesses three examples, one of which, was ob- tained by Mr. Pease, in the province of Vera Cruz. 6. C. zomtoides (!) Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 92, from New Grenada. I have not yet seen this bird in very perfect plumage. There is one specimen in the Academy's collection probably referable to this species. 7. C. megalopterui, Lafr., (Des Murs, Icon. Om., p. 54.) A large species, re- cognized by its being wholly spotted and barred with black and white. There are examples in the Academy's collection, probably from Mexico. 8. C. pallescens, Lafr., E. Z., 1346, p. 93. One specimen in the Academy's collection, which I take to belong to this species, seems to be closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by its nearly uniform head, more obsoletely spotted under-surface, and differently marked tail. It is labelled " GuyaquU.'' 9. C. nucha'.U, Cab. Orn. Xotiz. in "Weigm. Archiv. I., p. 206. — This bird is very like C. meyalopterus, but much smaller in size, and with the head and nape uastriped. There are examples in the Academy's collection from Vene- zuela, and I have often seen it from Trinidad. 10. C. brevirostrig, Lafr., R. Z., 1845, p. 339, from Bogota. I have not met with this species. 11. C. brunneieapillus, {Picolaptet brunneicapiUiUfli&fr., et Cass. B. Gal. pi. 25, p. 156), from Texas and Northern Mexico. There are specimens of this bird and of its eggs in the Academy's collection. The latter are rather peculiar in coloring, and somewhat resemble those of the European Redbreast — {Erythacus rubecula.) 13. C. capUtratus, {Picolapta capistratm. Less. R. Z., 1842, p. 174: Picolaptes rM/fnu< P4 0 Beds of clay, sandstone and lignite, containing nvunerous remains of plants, and land and fresh water, with a few marine or estuary inoRusca. Great extent of country on both sides of the Missouri, between Heart and Milk rivers. 1 0 < M i 0 Light colored indurated clars, with occasional beds of sandstone, conglomerate, and white lime- stone, the latter in thin layers. Numerous re- mains of JJammalia and ClieUmia, with a few land and fresh water moUmca. piauvaises Torres of White River. g CO ■S s 04 d Gray and yellowish arenaceous clays, sometimes weathering to a pink color. Great numbers of marine mollusca, with a few land plante, bones of Mosasaurus, &c. Moreau Trading Post and under the Tertiary at Bear and Sage Creeks. Fox hiUs. 0 s-i 0 02 Ti5 6 Bluish and dark gray plastic clay, containing nxunerous marine moUusca, Great area about Fort Pierre and along the Mis- souri below. Under No. 5, at Sage and Bear Creeks. Great Bend of the Mis- souri. Near aiilk and Muscle shell rivers. 1 0 0 CO 6 Lead gray calcareous marl, weathering to light yellowish tint. Scales of fishes— Osirea congesta, Inoceramus probkmaticus, Ac. Blufifs along the Missouri below Great Bend. 1 g^ Dark gray laminated clay. Scales of fishes, with a few small Ammonites, Ac. Along Missouri Bluffs, be- low mouth of James Eiver. 0 6 Heavy bedded yellowish sandstone, passing down- wards into alternations of sandstone and clay, con- taining bits of water-worn lignite and bands of dark carbonaceous matter. This formation is not posi- tively known to belong to the Cretaceous System. Near the mouth of Big Sioux River, and between there and Council Bluffs. Near Judith River? gs §1 Yellow limestone, containing Fusulina eylin- drica, Terebratula subtileta, l^irifer Meusebach- anus, AUorisma regularii and other fossils of the Coal measures. Forms shoals in the Mis- souri near Black Bird Hills. Eight or ten feet above low watermark at Council Bluffs. 270 [NOVEMBEE, Descriptions of Species. Natica Tuomyaxa. Shell subglobose, thick and solid ; spire not much elevated ; volutions four to four and a half, convex, last one crossed by strong folds ; suture distinct or slightly grooved ; surface marked with fine closely arranged lines of growth, crossed by flat revolving bands ; aperture apparently ovate ; umbilicus very small or only rudimentary. Length and breadth about -88 inch ; apical angle slightly convex ; divergence about 110°. We have seen but one specimen of this species, a portion of the body volution of which is broken away. The outer lip seems to have been bevelled, and joins the body whorl above, at an angle of about 90°. The revolving bands are gene- rally faint, and wider than the grooves between them on the upper part of the whorls, but more distinct and about equal to, or smaller than, the depressions near the middle and below. The inner lip is not callous in the umbilical region. This species may be at once distinguished from any other known to us from the Nebraska formations, by its greater thickness, and the strong vertical folds and revolving bands. We name it in honor of Prof. M. Tuomy, State Geologist of Alabama and South Carolina. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, in a sandstone, probably the same as No. 1 of the section. Bulla subcylindrica. Shell elongate oval, or subcylindrical ; spire umbilicate ; surface (of cast) marked with faint remains of lines of growth, crossed by about forty revolving strife, generally a little narrower than the elevated spaces between. Aperture very narrow, arcuate, extending a little above the summit of the body, and in- creasing in breadth very gradually from the upper to the lower extremity. Um- bilicus small or closed. Length -91 inch ; breadth -48 inch. Breadth of aper- ture near the centre '12 inch ; breadth at the widest place below -24 inch. This species, of which we have seen only a cast, is near Bulla pupa of Evans and Shumard, (unpublished MSS.,) but the form of the aperture is quite different, l)eing very narrow, almost linear, excepting at the lower end, where it widens out gradually, on the inner side, to about twice its breadth near the middle, while that of B.pupa is " elongate ovate." From our B. volvaria (Proceedings of the Academy of March last, page 69,) it may be distinguished by its larger size, and the equal breadth of the two ends ; it differs from all the other Nebraska species we have seen, in its greater size and much more elongate form. Locality and position. Near mouth of Milk River, formation No. 4 of the ac- companying section. Panop-sa occidentalis. Shell elongate ovate ; posterior end broader than the anterior, subtruncate and gaping ; buccal end narrowly rounded, almost closed; base straight along the middle, rounding up abruptly behind, and gradually in front ; cardinal border nearly parallel with the base behind the beaks, and sloping in front : beaks small, rather depressed, incurved, approximate and located a little in advance of the center ; surface ornamented by irregular concentric wrinkles or undulations, most distinct on the upper half. We have but one specimen of this species, which shows none of the internal characters, and has lost its finer surface markings, if there were any, by the exfoliation of the external lamina. It is too imperfect to give exact measure- ments, though it must have been about 3-10 inches in length, 2 inches high, and 1-42 inches wide. We are in some doubt whether or not it is distinct from a species described by Prof Tuomy under the name of P. cretacea, (sec Proceed- ings of the Academy, Sept., 1854, page 170,) though it is much larger; and it is hardly probable, had his species differed much in the breadth of the two ex- 1856.] 271 tremities, he would have omitted to mention it. It is more narrowly rounded in front than any of the casts we have seen from the New Jersey formations, or than any species we have seen figured in foreign works. Locality and position. Sandstone near mouth of Judith River, probably No. 1 of the section. MaCTRA FORMOSA. Shell thin, triangular oval, somewhat compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 115°, straight in front, and slightly convex behind the bea.ks ; extremities narrowly rounded, almost angular, nearly alike , base forming a broad regular curve ; beaks small, elevated, approximate, central or a little in advance of the middle ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which become stronger and more regular on the large lanceolate lunule and escutcheon. Length 1-70 inches ; breadth '82 inch; height 1-36 inches. The lunule and escutcheon extend from the beaks to the extremities of the shell, the former being slightly impressed, and the latter bounded by a very obscure ridge. By grinding down upon the cardinal edge of a right hand valve, we found it thin, and having under the beaks apparently an oblique cardinal tooth and a small ligamentary pit, the former being divided into two diverging parts ; while the anterior and posterior portions of the edge have each a long groove, probably for the reception of slender lateral teeth in the other valve. Locality and position. Same as last. Mactra Warrenana. Shell triangular oval, moderately compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 110° ; anterior end narrowly rounded ; posterior end wider, rounded or very slightly truncate, and gaping a little at the ex- tremity ; base forming a broad curve ; beaks elevated, rather small, incurved, nearly central; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which become strono-er and more regular on the large lanceolate lunule and escutcheon. Length 1-55 inch ; height 1-20 inch ; breadth -85 inch. The muscular impressions are oval or ovate ; the anterior one being rounded below, and contracted and prolonged above. The sinus of the palleal impres- sion is small, obtuse at the extremity and nearly horizontal. This species is nearly related in most of its characters to the last, but may be distinguished by its less compressed form, more elevated and gibbous beaks and thicker shell. We have had no opportunity of comparing their internal characters, nor have we seen the hinge of this species. Their distant geo- graphical, and widely separated stratigraphic positions, in addition to the above named differences, lead us to regard them as distinct. We name this species in honor of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the U. S. Topo- graphical Engineers. Locality and position. Yanktonin trading post, No. 5 of the accompanying section. Mactra alta. Shell thin, subtriangular, compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beak^ at an angle of about 80" ; base forming a broad regular curve ; extremities nar- rowly rounded or subangular, and nearly alike ; posterior slope having an ob- scure ridge or angle passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; umbones much elevated, (pointed ?) nearly central ; surface marked with con- centric strias. Length about 2-62 inches; height 2-15 inches; breadth 1-15 inch. We have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the interior of this shell, nor the details of its hinge, and all our specimens are worn so as to obscure tlie surface markings. It resembles the last two species, but is larger and much more compressed than either of them, and the much greater elevation of its beaks gives it more nearly the form of an equilateral triangle. 272 [November Locality and position. Bad Lands of Judith River ; in a sandstone, the posi- tion of which is doubtful, but probably No. 1 of the series. Tellina subtortuosa. Shell elliptical or narrow ovate, compressed ; anterior end rounded ; posterior side obliquely truncate at the extremity, and having (in the cast) an obscure ridge passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; base forming a broad curve, a little more prominent before than behind the middle ; beaks small, very slightly elevated above the dorsal margin, located a little in advance of the center; surface unknown. Length 2-23 inches; height 1-27 inch: breadth (of left valve) about -22 inch. The only specimen of this species we have seen is an internal cast of a left valve, with a few fragments of the inner laminae of the shell adhering. On these fragments indistinct traces of radiating lines are visible, though they may have had no connection with external markings. The anterior muscular impression is narrow ovate, placed near the front margin, with the narrow end above, and slightly inclined backwards. The posterior muscular impression is round ovate, located near the upper margin, and about one eighth the entire length of the shell in advance of the posterior extremity; the narrower end being above and inclined obliquely forwards. Sinus of the pallial impression deep, nearly hori- zontal and apparently rounded at the end. From the inward warping of the back part of the lower border, and the general flatness of this valve, it is pro- bable the other was more convex. The compressed narrow elliptical form, and slightly elevated beaks, will dis- tinguish this from all the other species known to us from the Nebraska forma- tions. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, from a sandstone supposed to be No. 1 of the series. Venus ? circolabis. Shell very thin, subcircular, rather gibbous ; cardinal border rounding from the beaks ; extremities and base rounded ; beaks located about half way between the center and the buccal border, elevated, pointed, incurved and directed ob- liquely forwards ; muscular Impressions very faint, anterior one almost marginal, and near the beaks ; surface ornamented with fine concentric lines ; sinus of the pallial impression funnel shaped, the apex being directed obliquely upwards towards the beaks. Length -74 inch ; height -67 inch ; breadth -45 inch. Not having seen the hinge of this species, we refer it with doubt to the above genus. It may be distinguished from any of the allied Nebraska forms known to us, by its greatest diameter being from the beaks obliquely downwards to a point a little behind the middle of the base, and by its more elevated, pointed, gibbous and oblique beaks. Locality and position. Just above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the section. Cytherea pelldcida. Shell extremely thin and fragile, broad ovate or subcircular, compressed ; extremities rounded, the posterior end being a little wider than the anterior; base semiovate or semicircular ; beaks moderately elevated, placed about one- third of the distance from the center towards the anterior end ; surface marked with fine regular concentric strias ; muscular impressions very faint ; sinus of the pallial impression triangular, longer than wide, not quite reaching the middle of the shell, and if continued across would strike the opposite border below the beaks. Length (of ovate variety) 1 inch ; height -83 inch ; breadth •40 inch. Amongst the shells wc refer to this species, there are two varieties of form, one being less compressed and more nearly circular, with more gibbous beaks than the other ; but as there are some intermediate forms, and they agree in all other respects, we are at present inclined to regard them as identical. More 1856.] 273 extensive collections, however, may hereafter prove them to be distinct species. This shell ma}' be readily distinguished from a species described by us in the Proceedings of the Academy in April last, under the name of C. Deweyi, (page 83,) by its extreme thinness ; and from Venu^ ? circularis of this paper, by its less elevated and more obtuse beaks, as well as by the widely different form and direction of the sinus of the pallial impression. It is more liable to be confounded with C. ienitis of Hall and Meek, (Mem. Am. Acad. Arts andSci.p. 383, plate I, fig. 8,) but presents in some of its varieties a more oval or ovate form, and is always less broadly rounded at the extremities. In addition to these differences, it comes from a distant locality, and from a higher bed, in which not a single species known to occur in that in which C. tenuis is found, has yet been recog- nized. This and the following species are referred to the genus Cytherea, chiefly from external characters, as we have not seen the hinge of either. Locality and position. Two hundred miles above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the series. Cythebea Owenana. Shell round oval, compressed ; beaks moderately elevated, placed about half way between the center and the anterior end ; cardinal border convex behind and concave before the beaks ; extremities rounded, the anal end being broader than the buccal ; base semioval ;| anterior muscular impression narrow ovate, and the posterior round ovate, both pointed above and very shallow ; sinus of the pallial impression narrow and deep, directed obliquely upwards towards a point a little in advance of the beaks. Length 1'56 inch; height 1'35 inch ; breadth about '66 inch. The surface markings of our specimen are almost entirely carried away by the exfoliation of the outer lamiuje of the shell. A small remaining portion near the lower border is marked with small concentric wrinkles and much finer lines of growth. We have not had an opportunity of examining the hinge. The greater thickness of the substance of the shell will at once distinguish this species from all the allied Nebraska forms known to us, excepting our C. Deweyi (see Proceedings of the Academy, April last, page 83) and C. orbiatlata of Hall and Meek, (Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, page 382.) From the former it may be known by its much deeper and relatively narrower pallial sinus ; that of C Deweyi being in the form of an equilateral triangle, and not reaching the center, while in this it is about one-third deeper than wide, and extends beyond the middle of the shell. They are, moreover, from distant locali- ties, and widely separated stratigraphical positions. From the latter it will be distinguished by its more oval and compressed form and less elevated beaks. We name it after Dr, David Dale Owen, of New Harmony, Indiana. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, from a sandstone supposed to be the same as No. 1 of the series. LUCINA OCCIDENTALIS. 9 Tellina occidenialis (Morton.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 8, pi. si., fig. 3. Mould of Lucina? (Owen.) Report Wis., Iowa and Min. tab. vii., fig. 8. Shell rather thick, transversely oval, compressed; cardinal border slightly concave, and sloping very little in front of the beaks, convex and declining behind ; anal end vertically subtruncate at the extremity, and having sometimes a very obscure ridge passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; anterior end rounded and a little wider than the posterior ; base semi- ovate, more prominent before than behind the middle ; beaks small approximate, little elevated above the hinge, slightly in advance of the center ; lunule very small, lanceolate ; surface ornamented by distinct irregular concentric lines. Length (large specimen) 1-90 inch ; height 1-56 inch ; breadth -Ol inch. By breaking open some of the specimens, we find under the beaks two di- verging cardinal teeth in each valve ; and in front of these one anterior lateral tooth in the right valve, which fits between two smaller ones in the left. If 274 [November, there are any posterior lateral teeth they must be small and remote from the beaks. At the anal extremity of each valve there is one shallow muscular im- pression, of an oval or subquadrate form, with a faint slender ridge passing from its inner side obliquely up towards the beaks. At the buccal end there is in each valve one long shallow, arcuate muscular impression, with its narrower end downwards, and directed a little back, so that more than half of its lower part is detached from the pallial impression. Immediately behind the upper end of this, a second very small circular muscular impression may be seen in each valve. The ligament was chiefly external, and occupied a narrow lanceolate depression behind the beaks ; a portion of it, however, was partly internal, being deeply seated between the beaks. Exfoliated specimens show on the internal lamiuije of the shell, faint radiating lines, which are never visible on the surface. From the foregoing description it will be seen this species unites characters belonging to two genera. Its form and general appearance, as well as its hinge, and elongated anterior muscular impression, partly detached from the pallial line, are all characters that would place it in the genus Lucina ; while its double anterior muscular impressions indicate an affinity to the genus Corhis of Cuvier. We are in doubt whether or not this is the shell figured by Dr. Morton under the name of Tellina occidentalk. Although certainly not very nearly like his figure, it resembles it more than any other shell we have seen in all the Nebraska collections. It cannot be a Tellina, as the pallial impression is unquestionably simple. Locality and position. Near Milk River, and eighty miles above on the Mis- souri, also on the Yellowstone and Moreau rivers. Formation No. 4 of present section. Hettaxgia Americana. Shell rather thick, ovate or subrhomboidal, compressed ; posterior end much broader than the anterior, obliquely subtruncate and gaping ; buccal side long, rostrated and closed, very narrowly rounded at the extremity ; base forming an elliptical curve, excepting near the anterior end, where it is slightly contracted : dorsal border elevated in the umbonal region, concave in front and convex behind ; beaks small, approximate, located a little behind the middle, surface marked with rather faint lines of growth, and sometimes, near the border, with small obscure concentric wrinkles. Length 2'63 inch; height 1-76 inch; breadth 1-25 inch. We have but one specimen of this species showing the hinge. This is a left valve, in which there is one strong cardinal tooth located very slightly in ad- vance of the point of the beak. Immediately behind this tooth, and directly under the beak, there is a distinct pit, from which a shallow depression passes round the upper side of the tooth. This pit was doubtless occupied by a strong tooth in the other valve. The posterior lateral tooth is prominent, obtuse and compressed, while the cardinal edge between it and the depression under the beak is somewhat callous. This shell is closely related to two or three of the species figured by Terquem in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of France, (2d ser. t. x. pi. 1, 2.) but is relatively higher in the umbonal region, and more distinctly rostrated in front than any of them. It is also more strongly truncate behind than any of Ter- quem's species, though it varied somewhat with age in this character. It is an interesting fact that this, the first species of the genus recognized in this country, is found associated with a small Baculite, while all its known con- geners in the Old World are peculiar to the Lias. Locality and position. No. 1. Mouth of Judith River. Cardium speciosum. Shell circular or round oval, higher than long, gibbous in the central and umbonal regions ; buccal border a little more rounded than the anal ; base regu- larly rounded ; beaks elevated, slender, pointed, incurved and nearly central, 1856.] 275 very slightly oblique ; surface ornamented with numerous simple, slender, ra- diating costae, alternating with rows of elevated points of about their own breadth; border crenulated? Length -57 inch; height -67 inch; breadth -48 inch. In different conditions of weathering the surface markings of this species present a variety of aspects. In some cases the elevated points look as though arranged on costae, instead of between them, while in other instances only the costae are to be seen. Usually, however, these elevated points are quite distinct on casts, and so regularly disposed that worn fragments, when seen embedded in the matrix, present much the appearance of bits of Fenestella. On some specimens traces of fine concentric striae are visible, curving strongly up- wards in crossing the ribs. The shell is so nearly equilateral, and the beaks so slightly oblique, that when viewed on the side it looks much like a Brachiopod. We know of no species with which this is liable to be confounded, amongst all the Nebraska shells, and it differs from the allied forms we have seen figured from foreign localities, in having the rows of elevated points of uniform size, and not alternately larger and smaller. Locality and position. Bad Lands of Judith River, from a sandstone, the posi- tion of which is doubtful, but probably No. 1 of the series. NUCCLA OBSOLETASTRIATA. Shell thick, oval ovate or elliptical, moderately compressed ; surface orna- mented with fine concentric striae and obscure traces of small closely arranged radiating lines; buccal end obliquely truncated from the beaks forward to a point nearly half way down the front border, where it is narrowly rounded; posterior end more broadly rounded ; base semiovate, most prominent behind the center; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 120**. Beaks small, rather depressed, nearly touching, and placed a little in advance of the middle; lunule narrow ovate, deeply impressed. Length 1-20 inch; height -81 inch ; breadth '60 inch. The cardinal edge is thinnest near the beaks, from which point it gradually thickens towards the extremities, especially towards the posterior end. W6 have had no opportunity of ascertaining whether or not the edge of the lower border is crenulated. As the radiating striae are very obscure, it is probable they are obsolete on worn specimens, though on the surfaces of internal laminae they are usually quite distinct. The anterior muscular impression is deeply impressed, of a narrow ovate form, and placed near the edge of the buccal ex- tremity ; while the posterior one is a little narrower, less deeply impressed, and located close up under the back end of the hinge. There are about thirty hinge teeth in each valve behind, and nearly half as many before the beaks, all of which are curved in crossing the edge, so as to present the concave sides to- wards the extremities. This species will be easily distinguished from all the others known to us from the Nebraska formations, by its larger size and other obvious characters. Locality and position. Great Bend of the Missouri, No. 4 of the series. CCCULLJBA EXIGUA. Shell thick, very small, oval cordiform ; posterior end obliquely truncate; anterior extremity rounded ; base nearly straight ; ligament area rather short and straight, marked with longitudinal lines, and in the middle with exceedingly small, regular, closely set transverse striae. Umbonal region gibbous. Beaks elevated, incurved, rather distant, and located a little in advance of the center. Surface ornamented by irregular concentric wrinkles, and very fine lines of growth, crossed by small, regular, faint, closely arranged radiating stria;. Length •30 inch : breadth -27 inch ; height -27 inch. The ligament area, which is not much more than half the entire length of the shell, is often bounded by a slightly elevated border. That portion of it marked with transverse striae is margined by a fine impressed hair line, and has in each valve a broad triangular form. The longest sides of these two triangles are 21 276 [November, joined together at the hinge, when the valves are united, while the opposite angles terminate immediately under the beaks. Muscular impressions shallow, ovate or oblong, and having a very slightly elevated line passing from the lower inner border of each up towards the beaks. Lateral teeth of the hinge oblique, but not horizontal. The beaks are curved at right angles to the hinge, and slightly angular behind. A neat little shell, not apt to be confounded with any other species known to us. Locality and position. Quite abundant at the mouth of Milk River, in formation No. 4 of the series. Mytelus subarcuatcs. Shell narrow ovate, arcuate ; posterior end compressed and rounded ; dorsal edge regularly arched and sharp ; base nearly straight or slightly arcuate, scarcely carinated ; the two edges converging towards the nearly straight, pointed beaks, at an angle of about 35°. Surface unknown. Length 1*03 inch ; breadth •27 inch ; height '36 inch. The beaks are nearly or quite terminal, and appear to have been straight or but slightly declining. Our specimen being only an internal cast, shows none of the surface characters, excepting traces of concentric lines of growth. The dorsal border looks as though it had formed a regular curve, without any angle marking the posterior termination of the hinge. This species is very near M. lanceolatus of Sowerby, (Min. Con. pi. 439, fig. 2,) but is proportionally wider behind, and not quite so pointed at the beaks. It is about intermediate in form between that species and M. edentulus of the same author. Locality and position. Dog River, near mouth of Judith River, from sandstone supposed to be No. 1 of the series. Gervilia subtortuosa. Shell thick, lanceolate, tortuous and laterally curved. Beaks terminal V pointed ? posterior end narrow, the widest part being at the back end of the hinge ; hinge line straight, forming an angle of about 20° with the longitudinal axis of the shell ; ligament fossje about six, nearly equalling the spaces between. Surface unknown. Our specimens of this shell consist of fragments, from which it is impossible to make out a complete diagnosis of the species. None of them show the hinge teeth, and they have all lost the surface markings. The largest fragment we have seen (which is imperfect at both extremities) is four inches in length by 1'65 inch in height at the posterior end of the hinge. It retains 2'VO inches in length of the hinge, which is -44 inch in thickness, though some of the outer laminae are wanting, and shows five of the ligament fossae, of which there may have been one or two more. When viewed on the side, the outline of this shell is much like O. avicuhides of Sowerby, (Min. Con. vol. 6, page 16, pi. 511,) but it is much more curved and twisted, though not so much so, nor so obtuse at the anterior extremity as Gervilia (Gastrockcena) tortuosa of the same author. So far as we know, this is the first species of the genus described from the cretaceous rocks of this country. Prof. Tuomy informed us he has found a sjjecies in Alabama, but as he has not yet published a description of it, we have no means of instituting a comparison. Locality and position. Three hundred miles above Fort Union, on the Missouri, No. 4 of the series. IXOCERAMUS PERTENUIS. Shell very thin, broad ovate or oval, somewhat compressed ; cardinal border Straight ; anterior end rounded ; posterior extremit}' broad, obtusely rounded ; base broadly curved. Beaks near the anterior end, rising above the hinge line, nearly touching. Surface irregularly and rather faintly undulated, marked with fine lines of growth. Length about 4-30 inches; height 3-40 inches; breadth 2 20 inches, 1856.] 277 It is possible this shell may prove to be only a variety of I. ventricosm, de- scribed by us from the same locality, in a paper read before the Academy last April. It differs, however, from all the specimens we have seen of that species, in being broader, much more compressed and more regularly marked with con- centric undulations. The beaks are also smaller, more elevated above the hinge line, and located a little further back from the anterior margin. It has likewise much the form of /. convezus of Hall and Meek, (vol. 5, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sc. page 386, pi. 2, fig. 2,) but may be at once distinguished from that and /. Sa- gensis of Owen, as well as from all the other species we have seen from the higher formations of Nebraska, by the extreme thinness and entire fibrous structure of the shell. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith river, in a sandstone probably the same as No. 1 of the series. Inooeramus incurvus. Shell ovate, globose or cordiform, equivalve. Beaks located a little behind the anterior end, strongly incurved ; umbonal region very gibbous and much elevated above the hinge line. Surface ornamented with regular distinct con- centric undulations, strongest near the beaks, where they are directed very ob- liquely inward toward the hinge, in passing round from the front to the poste- rior side. Length unknown ; breadth 2 inches ; height 1-80 inch. The young of this species, judging from the curve of the undulations near the beaks, must have been of an ovate form, being a little broader behind than in front. As the shell advanced in age it became rapidly more globose, and the beaks curve so strongly inwards, as to bring the umbonal regions of the two valves nearly, if not quite, in contact behind and above the points of the beaks, which are directed away from each other. The substance of the shell is com- posed of an external fibrous, and an internal lamellar portion, the former being generally exfoliated. The surface was probably marked with concentric strise, though not preserved on our specimen. This shell may be distinguished from all the other species we have seen from this region, by its more globose form, as well as by its strongly incurved and gibbous umbones. Locality and position. Little Bear's village, between Fort Pierre and Fort Clark, formation No. 4. OSTR^A PATINA. Shell circular, oval or ovate, oblique, rather compressed. Superior valve concave above, thin, excepiing at the beaks, where it is suddenly thickened and truncate. Inferior valve thicker, concave on the inner or upper side, sometimes auricled ; beaks triangular, flat, slightly curved upAvards and turned a little to- wards the anal side. Muscular impression oval or circular, shallow nearest the anal margin. Surface of both valves marked with imbricating lines of growth, and faint irregular concentric undulations. Greater diameter of largest speci- men (inferior valve) 3-50 inches; smaller do. 3-10 inches; depth of concavity •70 inch. The usual form of the shell is nearly circular or broad ovate. The buccal side is short and rounded, while the anal border is longer and sometimes (espe- cially in the inferior valve) contracted above just behind the beaks. The areas of both valves are broad triangular, and as usual depressed in the middle, and transversely striate. This species is evidently related to 0. vissicularis (Lamk.) of which it may be considered a far western representative. It always differs from that species, however, in having the inferior valve much less concave, more distinctly auri- cled, and never characterized by a posterior lobe. The beak of this valve is also much less curved upwards, being often almost horizontally flattened. We have some fifteen or twenty specimens of this species, in a good state of preserva- tion, all of which are quite uniform in their characters. None of the beaks show marks of the fracture by which the shell became detached. Locality and position. Two hundred miles above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the series. 278 [November, Catalogue of all the invertebrate fossil remains hitherto described and identified, from the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory.* TERTIARY SPECIES. Gen. CYPRIS. C. Lkidti, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. T, p. 165 Gen. HELIX. H. Leidti, Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. vol. 5, new ser. p. 394 Gen. BULIMUS. B. ? TERES, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 117 B. ? TEBMicuLUS, Meek & Hayden, " " " " 118 B. LiMNEAFORMis, Meek & Hayden, " " " " " B. Nerrascensis, Meek & Hayden, " " " " " Gen. PUPA. P. HELicoiDES, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 118 Gen. LIMNEA. L. DiAPHANA, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. vol. T, p. 165 L. Nebrascensis, Evans & Shumard, " " " " " L. TENUicosTA, Meek and Hayden, " " " vol. 8, p. 119 Gen. PHYSA. P. SECAiiiNA, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 7, p. 1G5 P. LONGiuscuLA, Meek and Hayden, P. EHOMBOiDEA, Mcck and Hayden, P. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, P. subelongata. Meek and Hayden, vol. 8, p. 119 (I (( p. 120 Gen. PLANORBIS. P. Nebrascensis, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. vol. 7, p. 164 P. SUBUMBILICATCS, Mcck and Hayden, *' " vol. 8, p. 120 P. CONVOLUTUS, Meek and Hayden, " " " " Gen. VELLETIA. (Ancylus.) V. MiNUTA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 120 * In addition to the fossils included in this catalogue, we have received from Drs. Evans and Shumard, of St. Louis, a descriptive list of eight new species of Gasteropoda and nine of Acephala, from the cretaceous formations of Nebraska which they have not yet published. 1856.] 279 121 u 122 123 Gen. PALUDINA. P. MTJLTiLiNEATA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, p. 120 P. VETULA, Meek and Hayden, " P. Leaii, Meek and Hayden, " P. EETUSA, Meek and Hayden, " P. CoNEADi, Meek and Hayden, " P. PECULiARis, Meek and Hayden, " P. TEOCHiFORMis, Meek and Hayden, " P. Leidyi, Meek and Hayden, " Gen. MELANIA. M. MiNUTDLA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 123 M. Anthonyi, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 124 M. MULTiSTEiATA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " M. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " M. CONVBXA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 125 Gen. VALVATA. v. PAEVULA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 123 Gen. CERITHIUM. C. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, p. 125 Gen. CYCLAS. C. FORMOSA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 115 C. FEAGiLis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " C. suBBLLiPTicos, Mcck & Hayden, " " " " " Gen. CYRENA. C. MoRBAUENSis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 115 C. INTERMEDIA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 116 C. occiDENTALis, Mcck and Hayden, " " " " " Gen. CORBULA C. suBTRiQONALis, Meek & Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, P. 116 C. PERUNDATA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " C. MACTRiFORMis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 117 Gen. VmO. U. PEI3CUS, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc; Phila. vol, 8, p. 117 * *? 280 [November, CRETACEOUS SPECIES. Gen. CALLIANASSA. 0. DANAi, Hall & Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Bost. vol. 5, n. s. p. 3T9 Gen. BELEMNITELLA. D'Orbigny. Formations in ascending order. I|§ B. M0CRONATA * Schlotlieim, sp. Petfr. p. 47, No. 4....... •• ••• B ? BULBOSA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 70 Gen. NAUTILUS. 1|§N. Dekayi, Morton, Synopsis Org. Rem. p. 33 Gen. AMMONITES 11 A placenta, Dekay, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vol. 2, p. 5, fig. 2 (not. 3) A. LOBATUS,t Tuomy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. P^la. vol. 7 p. 168...... A. lenticularis, Owen, Kept. Iowa, Wisconsin and Mm. tab. 8, fig. 5 p. {( II (t •* 6 a". coMPLEXurHall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. vol 5, n.^s. p. 394 A. PERCARiNATUS, Hall and Meek, " " ' ^^t^ A. Halli, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 70 Gen. TURRILITES. T. NeBRASOENSIS t '^"\"""^ V" AT"r"a'"TDi''r* Ancyloceras? Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. be. Ptiiia vol. 8, p. 71 T. Cheyennensis ;•"••"; ;: V"*i^t"1"o""duV Ancyloceras? Cheyenensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. be. Phila. vol. 8, p. 71 Note —This mark ( || ) indicates that the species is also known to occur in the States ; this (?) that it is common to this country and the old world; and these two (||^) that it occurs both in the States and on the other side of the Atlantic. * We place this species in the list of Nebraska Fossils, on the authority of Dr. Morton, (see Belemnites mucronatus, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 8, p. 211) not having recognized it in any of the collections we have seen from that region. t Adult specimens of this shell almost equal in size the largest individuals of A. placenta with which species it is apt to be confounded. They may always be distin- guished however, by external characters, even when the septa cannot be seen ; the dorsal margin of the former being thin and sharp, especially in young individuals, while that of A. placenta is always flattened immediately on the edge. It is a little remarkable that Dr. Dekay's original description agrees more nearly with this shell than with that referred by Morton and others to A. placenta, while his figure is more like the latter. Possibly he raav have had fragments of both species before him. Suspectincf our Nebraska shell might be identical with a species indicated by Prof. Tuomy frorn Mississippi, under the name of A. lobaius, we sent him drawings of one of our specimens, showing its form and all the details of the septa, since which he writes he has no doubt of their identity. As the name lenticularis was previously applied to one or two other species, that given this shell by Prof. Tuomy will have to take pre- cedence, though published after Dr. Owen's. ■j- Having at first only unsatisfactory fragments of this and the following species, we were much puzzled in regard to their affinities, and referred them provisionally to the genua Ancyloceras. Better specimens recently received, prove them to be Turrilites. 1856.] 281 Formations ia ascending order. Gen. ANCYLOCERAS. A? NicoLBTTi, Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Bost. vol. 5, new ser. p. 397 A. MoRTONi, Hall and Meek, Mem. Acad. Arts & Sc. Bost. v^ol. 5, new ser. p. 396 (see corrections at end of that memoir) Gen. BACULITES. II B. OVATUS, Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. vol. T, pi. 5, fig. 5 and 6 B. coMPRESsus, Say, Am. Jour. Sc. vol. 11, p. 41 B. GRANDis, Hall & Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Bost. vol. 5, n. s. p. 402 Gen. SCAPHITES. II S. CoNRADi,* Morton, sp Ammonites Conradi, Morton, 1834, Synopsis Org. Remains, p. 39 A. Nebraseensis, Owen, Report Iowa, Wis. and Min. tab. 8, fig. 3 and 3a, tab. 8a, fig. 2 A. Nebrascensis? Owen, Report Iowa, Wis. and Min. tab. 8, fig. 2 A. Moreauensis, Owen, " " " " fig. T A. C/ieyennensis, Owen, " " " tab. 7, fig. 2 S. MANDANENSIS,f MortOU, Sp Ammonites Mandanensis, Morton, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila. v. 8, p. x. fig. 2 ?A. abyssinus, Morton, " " " " " 1 A. Mandanensis? Owen, Report Iowa, Wise, and Minn., tab. 7, fig. 5 S. NicoLLETii, Morton, sp. 1841, Journ. Acad. N. S. Philad. vol. 8, pi. 10, fig. 3 S. comp7-imus, Owen, 1852, Report Iowa, Wise, and Minn., tab. 7, fig. 5 Ammonites Nicolletii, Morton, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, pi. x. fig. 3 S. XODOS0S Owen, (not of others,) Rep. Iowa, Min. & Wis. tab. 8, fig. 4 and 4 * Of this truly protean species we have a fine collection of beautiful specimens from the same locality and position as those investigated by Dr. Owen. These we find agree in all respects with his figures, and only difi"er from his descriptions in always exhibit- ing, when the matrix is cleared out from the umbilicus, six or seven volutions, instead of one and a half to three and a half. A critical comparison of our specimens, with Dr. Owen's figures and Dr. Morton's original specimens in the cabinet of the Academj- at Philadelphia, as well as with others from Alabama, loaned us by Prof. Winchell, leads us unavoidably to the conclusion, that they all belong to one exceedingly variable species, in which opinion Mr. Conrad, who has looked over our specimens, concurs with us. A. Nebrasccnsis, A. Moreauensis, and A. Cheyennensis of Owen, are the inner volutions of one strongly marked variety having a larger umbilicus, narrower volutions and stronger cost^e. It is difficult to believe this is not a distinct species, yet after a very careful comparison, we cannot see any difference between the septa of shells having these characters, and those of well marked specimens of S. Conradi. f We have perfect specimens of this species, which prove it to be a true Scaphite. Like S. Conradi, it invariably shows, when the matrix is removed from the umbilicus, about seven volutions. When divested of the outer whorls, it is so nearly like Dr. Morton's figures of his Ammonites abyssinus, that we cannot see the slightest difference ; the perforate character of the umbilicus in the specimen figured by him, being proba- bly due to accident. The lobes of the septa of this species are very nearly like those of S. co?nprimus of Owen, yet we have seen no intermediate gradations of external form connecting those two, like those between the different varieties of S. Conradi. We find it exceedingly difficult to define limits between species amongst these Nebraska Scaphitcs. The position and relative size of nodes and costse, as well as the more or less compressed form of the shell and relative size of the umbilicus, are not, within a considerable range of limits, characters that can always be relied upon. One of our specimens of ecies of plants from the Himalayas. Presented by Sir Wm. Hooker through Prof. Asa Gray. Januarn 8lh. Two specimens of Fiber zibethicus. Presented by Aubrey H. Smith, Esq. Five specimens of Mygale ? S. America. Presented by C. Gillou, Esq. Astrangia a'straeaeformis, from coast of Rhode Island. From Duncan E. Pell', Esq., through Mr. Powell. H'esperomys leucopus, (numerous specimens,) from Massachssetts. Presented by Smithsonian Institute through Maj. Leconte. Very fine specimen of Cinnabar, from the new Almad^n mines, Californiaj, (weight 16 lbs. 10 oz.) Presented by Capt. J. Henry Smith. January 2 2d. Two species of Murex . Preseated by Mr. Hanson. Ceratorrhina polj'phemus, C. aurata, C. frontalis and Chiysochroa aurata. Presented by Rev. Samuel Hazlehurst through J. A. Clay, Esq. February hth. Twelve specimens of iron ores, Berks Co., Pa. Presented by Mr. Gilliams. Pennite from Lancaster Co., Pa. Presented by Robert H. Lamborn. Specimens of Bologna phosphorus, from Italy. Presented by Dr. J. R. Barton. Fossil jaw of a fish, Edestus vorax, from the carboniferous formation of Arkan- ■ sas. Presented by Wm. S. Vaiix, Esq. February 12ih. Pisa bieorna, Othonia quinquedentata ? Chlorodins floridanas, Eriphia gona- grar, Panopeus Herbstii, Lupa dicantha, CardisomaGuanhumi, Ocypode arenaria, Grapsus cruentatus, Pagurus granulatus, Pagnrus vittatus, Cenobita Diogenes, Porcellana scxspinosa, Squilla scabricanda, Squilla vittata, (13 genera, 15 spe- cies, 2G specimens ;) two specimens of an Annelide and its tube; four specimens 'Asterias; eight specimens Ophiura ; ten species Polyps, numerous specimens; three specimens fishes, two species ; two species Anemone, six specimens ; fivo species Jlollusca ; five species sponges; two fpecies corals ; two species Holo- thuria, four specimens ; six species marine Algae. All from the coast of Floriiia^ Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead^ DONATIONS TO LIBRARY L\ Jasuary and February, 1856. January 1st. r. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, Superintendent, Yol. 2, 4to. From the Author. Reports of the Superiutendent of Education for Lower Canada, 1853 and 1855. From M. Huguet Latour. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition : Monographie des Guepes Sociaies. Par H. de Saussure. No. 7. Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum., Autore E. G. Steudcl. No. 10. Xenia Orchidacea. Von H. Gustav. Reichenbach, Fil. No. 4. Quadrupeds of North America. By J. J. Audubon aad Rev. J. Bachman. Text vol. 3, royal 8vo. Indicis generum Malacozoorura primordia conscripsit A. N. Herrmannsen ; editio nova, 8vo. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Door F. A. "W. Miquel. Deel 1, af. 1, 2. Herr Dr. Emil Wolif in Hohenheira und die Agricultur-Chemie. Nachtrag zu den " Grundsatzen der Agricultur-Chemie," von Justus von Liebig. Zeitschrift ftir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie herausg. von C. T. von Siebold und A. Kolliker. Band 7, heft 3. Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Austalt uber wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie. Yon Dr. A. Peter- man, 1355, Nos. 1 — 8. Recherches sur les Crinoides du Terrain Carbonifere de la Belgique. Par L. de Koninck et H. le Hon. 4to. Beitrage zur Naeheren kenntuiss der Urweltlichen Saugethiere. Yon Dr. J. J. Kaup.° Heft. 2, 4to. Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, &;c. By John Cassin. No. 10; completing Yol. 1. London Athenasum for Nov., 1855. Journal of the Franklin Institute for Dec, 1855. The Mammals of Australia. By J. Gould. Part 7, folio. The Birds ^of Asia. By John Gould. Part 7, folio. The Birds "of Australia. By John Gould. Supplement No. 2, folio. Monograph of the Trochilidse. By John Gould. Parts 9 and 10, folio. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore. Edited by John Lindley. Nature printed by Henry Bradbury. Folio, Nos. 1 — 9. Gonchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 148, 149, 150. Schreber '' die Saugethier:," fortgesetzt von Wagner. Supplement band, lief. 14, 15, 16, 17, 4to. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, &c. Herausg. von Dr. Von Leonhard und Dr. H. G. Bronn, 1852, '53, '54, aad Nos. 1 — 5, 1855. De rHomrae et des Races Humaines. Par Henry Holland. 12mo. Suites a Buffon. Histoire des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. Tome 3, 8vo. Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes. Par M. Paul Gervais. Royal 8vo. Report of the British Association for 1854. ^y^rr's Circle of the Sciences ; a series of Treatises on the Principles of Science, Geologv, Mineralogy, &c. By Profs. Ansted, Tennant and Rev. W. MitchelL 8vo., 1855. New Zealand and its inhabitants. By Rev. Richard Taylor. 8vo. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Dec, 1855. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosoph. Magazine, December, 1855. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie, tome 3, No- G. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1855, No. 10. Comptes Rendus. Tome 41, Nos. 18 — 23. m. February bih. American Journal of Science and Arts, Jan., 1856. From the Editors. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 5, pp. 2J7 — 2T2. From the Society. New York Medical Times, Jan., 1856. From the Editors. Journal of the Society of Arts, (Loudon,) Nos. 137 — 148. From the Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. 21, part 4. Proceedings of same. Vol. 2, pp. 333 to conclusion, ^yith index and title page. List of the Society for 1855 : and Anniyersary Address of the President, Thomas Bell, Esq., May 24, 1S55. From the Linnean Society. Transactions of the Zoological Society of Loudon, Vol. 4, parts 2 and 3. Pro- ceedings of the same, 1850, '51. '52, '53, '54 and part of '55. From the Zoolo- gical Society. A Synopsis of the Classification of the British Palieozoic PlOcIvS, by the Rev. Adam Sedgwick ; and British Palasozoic Fossils, by Frederick ilcCoy. 3d fas- ciculus, 4to. From Prof. Sedgwick. History, condition and prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Part 5, 4to. From the U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Reports of the explorations and surveys for a Railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. 1. 4to. Fromthe U. S. War Department through Col. Abert. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, May to December, 1855. From the Society. Charleston Medical Journal and Review for Jan., 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for Feb., 1856. From the Editors. Description of the Fossils and Shells collected in California by Wm. P. Blake. From the Author. February \2th. Dr. Vilson presented the following on the usual condition : Les Trois Regnes de la Nature. Introduction ; Le Museum d'histoire naturelle par P. A. Cap, 1 vol. ; Botaniqne par M. Le Maout, 1 vol. ; Mammiferes par M. Paul Gervais, parts 1 and 2. Royal 8vo. Abel's " Aus der Natur," No. 6. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen zweifliigligen In- Becten von J. "W. Meigen. Nos. 1 and 2, 8yo. Zeitung zur Verbreitung naturwissen. Kenutniss. Von Dr. Ule und Dr. Carl Miiller. Nos. 44—51. Agrostographia Capensis ; Scripsit C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck. 2d ed., Svo. Handbuch der Zootomie von Siebold und Stannius. Part 2, 8yo. Naturwissenschaft und Bibel. Von Andreas Wagner. Systematische Uebersicht der Chiere Brasiliens. Von Dr. H. Burmeister. Part 2, 8vo. February \%th. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, New Series, vol. 3, No. 2, 4to. From the Publication Committee. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 5, pp. 273 — 288. From the Society. Journal of the London Society of Arts, &c., Nos. 119 — 158. From the Society. JV. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In March and April, 1856. March itk. Chlorastrolite. From Isle Eojal, Lake Superior. Presented by B. A. Hoopes. Skull and skin of Tamaro, (a species of Antelope from Mindoro, one of the Philippine Isles); skull of Crocodile, from Manilla; skull of Dugong, from Philip- pines ; and skull of Trionyx, from Manilla. Presented by W. W. Wood, Esq., of Manilla. Collection of Lepidoptera from the vicinity of Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Wm. Camac. Specimen of Lava of Vesuvius, eruption of 1855. Presented by F. De B. Richards. March llih. Eleven specimens of impressions of Algge in the Old Red Sandstone of Schuyl- kill_ Co. Pa. Presented by P. W. ShaeflFer, of Pottsville. Seven specimens Coal Plants, from Schuylkill Co., Pa. From the same. Specimen of Malachite, from St. Paul di Loando, W. Africa. From Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. X. Emerald Nickel, from Lancaster Co., Pa. ; Tremolite, from Chester Co., Pa. Presented by R. H. Lamborn. Small collection in Natural History, consisting of shells, insects and fossils. Presented by T. A. Streng, of Saugatuck, Michigan. Cardamom, from Princes Island. Presented by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N. Four specimens Ores of Manganese, ■ Chester Co., Pa. Presented by J. G. Horner. Four teeth and one vertebra of Charcarodon ; three vertebrae of Crocodile; from the Marl of N. J. Presented by Dr. Hallowell. Thirteen specimens Coal Plants. Deposited by W. F. Rogers. Five specimens Silurian Fossils. From the same. Specular Iron Ore from Marquette, Lake Superior. From the same. March I8th. One hundred and forty-six Bird Skins, comprising 129 Species of 105 Genera, viz : — Apteryx, Apternus, Alcyone, Abrornis, Arses, Anthus, Agrodroma, Arre- moa, Brachypternus, Brachyurus, Brachypus, Brachypteryx, Budytes, Crypturus, Ghasmorhynchus, CorvMs, Cornix, Campephilus, Cerchneipicus, Cej'X, Corj'thornis, Centropus, Criniger, Corydalla, Charadrius,Coturnix, Chlorophonia, Chiroxiphia, Culicipeta, Caprimulgus, Cypselus, Chettusia, Diplopterus, Drymoica, Dysith- amnus, Dasycephala, Dicrurus, Erythropus, Irythacus, Euphonia, Erythrosterna, Formicivora, Gracula, Garrulax, Gallinago, Galbula, Ilarpactes, Ilolmesia, Hyloterpe, Kitta, Leucopternus, Lipangus, Lycos, Lamprotornis, Lobivauellus, Lanius, Lalage, Loriculus, Locustella, Microglossus, Monasa, Malacocercug, Malacoptila, Megalaima, .Meropixu3,Megalophonus, Merula, Myrmeciza, Musicapa, Nyctastes, Napothera, Nyctibius, Ortygometra, Octocoris, Pionus, Pratincola, Picnonotus, Pipra, Platyrhynchus, Picumnus, Planesticus, Pycnosphrys, Phale- ropus, Porzana, Plioenicothraupus, Pachyramphus, Pyrrota, Poecila, Pratincola, Pereirocotus, Rhinoplax, Rhipidura, Selenidera, Sporophila, Tijuca, Turdirostds, Triehostoma, Tauagrella, Thinornis, Turdus, Tyrannula, Thamnophilus, Tinamus, Totanus, Vanellus. Presented by Wm. S. Wilson, Esq. Forty-one specimens of Crustacea from Mesico, comprising IG Species of 13 Genera, viz: — Albunea, Calappa, Grapsus, Geocarcinus, Gelasimus, Guaia. Hippa, Mithrax, Othonia, Ozius, Pagurus, Porcellana, Squilla. Presented by Wm. S. Wilson, Esq. Tv^o specimens Helix Leiclyi Eall and MeeJc, from Ihe iliuraises To'tos of Kebraska. Presented bj Dr. F. V. Hayden. Jaws of Shark, from Coast of Florida. Presented by Dr. G. Watson. April \si. Fourteen specimens, nine species Sponges ; five specimens Echini • three specimens Ophiothrix ; one specimen Sertularia ; four specimens Spatano-us • twenty-four specimens Corals ; thirty specimens recent Shells ; seven spedmeni Fossil Shells ; ten fragments fossil Cetacean bones ; two specimens ec^'gs of Fulgur ; two specimens two species Fungi ; four specimens Rocks and one mass of ^ermetus. From Key West and .Manatee River, Florida. Presented by S. Ashmead, Esq. . •' A collection consisting of about 500 species of dried plants, from the Jlo'in- tains of Pennsylvania. Presented by C. E. Smith, Esq. Calcareous Tufa, enclosing Lymnea umbrosa, from near Mohawk \ T Pm S3nted by Mr. I. Lea.. , . . u. r.e- Two specimens Cyclas, from Alabama. Presented by T. M, Peters. Pisa n. s. ; Pauopeus Herbstii ; Lupa, young?; Gelasimus macrochcles ■ Sesarma cinerea ; Alpheus hcterocheles ; Gonodactylus chiragra. From Kev West and Manatee. Presented by S. Ashmead, Esq. ' Libinia dubia ; Platyearcinus Sayi ; Platyonychus ocellatus ; Grapsus pictns • Galappa marmorata ; Calappa, n. 8.? seven species of six genera, from W. Indies' Presented by Mr. I. Lea. Bignonia incarnata (fruit); Scolopendra -^ — • — ? From Trinidad. Pre- gented by Dr. Samuel Lewis. April 8(hi Seten hundred specimens, eighty species, of Cuban Coleoptera> Presented bv O. J. Barnet, Esq., of Cuba, through Mr. Guex. " ' Agelaius phiruicius and Fringilla canadensis. Presented bv Mr. John Kridcr Eighteen specimens plants ; four minerals ; (bervl, amethvst ouart? and felspar.) Presented by Dr. 0. P. Hart, of Pittsburg, PeAn. ' April \5ih. One half of lower jaw of Casteroides Ohioensis ; first upper molar Mesralonyx Jeffersonii: one canine and fragment of upper jaw with three molars of~'castor fiber fossilis; one milk molar of Mastodon ; and two molars of CaSteroidea Ohioensis. From Prof. Silliman, in exchange. Pinna, from Teresa Bay. Florida : thrie specimens Calcedonv : a Diodon from Key West ; and three Cakedonized corals, from Tampa Bay, Florida. Pre- sented by S. Ashmead. Seventy specimens (65 species) of reptiles. In exchange from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. A.ngora Cat. Presented by Mrs. Wm. Wister, Germantown. One Pleuronectes : one Mureena ; two Ophisaurus; and one Coluber. Pre- ac^nted by Mr. Wm. G. Burke, through Mr. Cassin. Syngnathua fasciatus, from S. America. From Dr. Dock. April 22d. • Sixty-six species Marine Algae, frem the Coast of Florida. Presented bv S. Ashmead. Native Silver, from Lake Superior. Presented by Mr. Hoopcs. Fifteen specimens Triton niger and one of Phrynosoma. Presented bv Dr tJhler. Marine Alg* collected by Mr. S. Ashmead, at Key West, Florida, duringthe wintef of 1855, '5G, and presented by him : — Padliia pavonia. Lam,, Sand Key, Florida ' VI. Dictyota fasclola, Lara., Key West, Florida ; Ainansia mitltifida. Lam., do. ; Alsi- diuin triangulare, J. Ag., do. ; A. Bloodgettii, Har.,do. ; Chondrialittoralis, Har., do. ; Digeuia simplex, Ag., do. ; Poljsiphonia Olneyi, Har., Manatee River, Florida ; P. secunda, Mont., Key West, Florida ; P. Pecten veneris, Har., do. ; Bostrychia Montagnei, Har., do. ; B. calamistrata, Mont., do.; Dasya Gibbesii, Har., do. ; D. elegans, Ag., do.; D. elegans, Ag., rar., do.; D. Wurdemanni, Bail., do., Champia parvula, Har., Manatee Piiver, Florida ; Delesseria involvens, Har., Key West, Florida; D. tenuifolia, Har., do.; Eucheuma isiforme, J. Ag., do. ; Liagora valida, Har., Sand Key, Florida ; Wrangelia penicillata, Ag., Key West, Florida; W. penicillata, Ag., var., do.; W. penicillata, Ag., var., do.; Spyridia aculeata, Kutz., Sand Key, Florida ; S. aculeata, Kutz., var., do. ; S. filamentosa, var. refracta, Har., Key West, Florida ; Hypuea musciformis, Lam., do. ; Codinm tomentosiim, Manatee River, Florida ; Centrocercus clavulaium, Ag., Key West, Florida; C. clavulatum, Ag., Sand Key, Florida; Ectocarpus — ? Manatee River, Florida ; Crouania atteniiata, J. Ag., Key West, Florida ; Champia sali- cornoides. Har., do. ; Spyridia filamentosa (turned green by decay) Sand Key, Florida ; Wurdemania setacea, Har., Key West, Florida ; Phyllophora Broadiaei, J. Ag., do.; Halymenia ligulata, Ag., Manatee River, Florida; Scinaiafurcellatn, Bivona, Key West, Florida; Phyllerpaprolifera, Kg., do. ; Dasycladus elavccformis, do. ; Dictyosphseria favulosa, do. ; Bryopsis plumosa, do. ; Anadyomene stellata, Lam., do. ; Dasya Tumanowiezi, Gatty, do. ; D. ramosissima, Har., do. ; D. tamosissima, Har., var. a, do.; D. elegans, Ag., Manatee River, Florida ; Cera- taium rubrum, Ag., Key West, Florida ; Corallocephalus Laraonrouxii, Kg., do.; C. — ? do.; Cymnopolia barbata. Lam., do. ; Udotea fiabellata. Lam., do. ; U. conglutinata, Lam., do. ; Acetabularia crenlilata. Lam., do. ; Laurencia ^? do. ; L. — ? do.; Acanthophora Thierii, Lam., do.; Cladophora cesTjitosa, do. ; Oaulerpa (Chauvinia) Wurdemanii, Hal*., do. ; C. ? do. ; 0. ;:^ ? do.; 0. •? do.; C. -? do.; C. -? do.; Calenella pinnata, Har., do. -I DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In March and April, 185G. March Ath. Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1S54. Agriculture. J'rom the U. S. Patent Office. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances for the year ending June 30, 1855. From the Hon. Wm. Bigler. Report of the Secretary of the Treasiiry on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the year ending June 30, 1855. From the same. Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey for the year 1854. 4to. From the same. American Journal of Science and Arts for March, 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for March, 1856. From the Editors. Japanese Botany: being a fac simile of a Japanese Book, -with introductory notes and tra-nslations. From the Translator (Dr. Jos. Wilson, U. S. N.) • Ifarch lltk. • Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Ansichten der Natur von Alex, von Humboldt. 2 vols. 8vo. Agassiz und seiner Freunde geologische Alpen in der Schweiz. Savoycn und Piemont. Herausg. von Dr. Carl Vogt. 8vo. Histoire naturelle generale dcs Regnes Organiques. Par M Isidore Geof. St. Bilairc. Tome 2, Ime partie. Bvo. til. Sistoire naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et fluriatiles de France. Par A Moquin Tandon. 5 liv. 8vo. Mineralienbuch oder Allgemeine und besondere Beschreibung der ilineralien Von Dr. F. A. Schmidt. 4to. The Micrographic Dictionary. By J. W. Griffith, M. D., and A. Henfrey. 8to- Urr s Circie of the Sciences. Organic Nature. Vol. 3. 8vo. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c.; herausg. von Dr. Ton Leon- hard und Dr. H. G. Bronn. 1855. No. 6. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science for Jan., 185G. Annals and Migacine of Natural History for Jan. and Feb., 1856. Lonaon, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pnilosophical Magarine for Jan. and Feb, 1356. ' Report of the British Association for 1851. London Athenteum for January, 1856. Compteg Rendus. Tome 42, Nos. 1, 2, 3. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1856. No. 1. Phi!osophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1851, pirt 2 ; 18o2^,^part3 1 and 2 ; 1853, parts 1, 2, 3 j 1854, parts 1 and 2 ; 1355, parts 1 and ^ Maps of the Society for the diflFusion of Useful Knowledge. (Bound in one vol. folio.) ^ The last of the Arctic Voyages in H. M. S. Assistance, Capt. Sir Edward belcher, in search of Sir John Franklin. 2 vols. 8vo. Voyage autour du Monde sur la frigate La Venus, commandee par Abel du fetit-ihouars. Text tome 5, Ime partie. Zoologie. 8vo. Museum Carlsonianuna, in quo novas etselecias Aves exhibit Andreas Sparr- mann. Folio. Scotia illustrata, give prodromus Historis3 Naturalis. Auctore Roberto Sib- baldo, M. D. Folio. 1684. L'Organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. Livs. 15 16 Systeme des Oit=caux de I'Egypte et de la Syrie. Par Jules-Cesar'-Savigny. Folio. ^ ■^ April I ft. Second Supplement to Dana's Mineralogy. By the Author. From Prof. Dana. Oa the Birds received in Collections from Santa F6 de Bogota Bv P L Sclater. From the Author. " Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 5, pp. 239--304 From the Society. ' Report on the Geological and Agricultural Survey of the State of Rhode Island in the year 1839. By Charles T. Jackson, M. D. 8vo. Iq exchange. Genera des Coleopteres. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. Tome 3. 8vo.' From the Author. * First and second Annual R?port3 of the Geological Survey of Missouri Br G. C. Swallow. 8vo. From Mr. F. B. Meek. ' Revision of the Cicindelss of the United States. By John L. Le Conte M D From the Author. ' ' ' Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. 6, No. 5. From the Lyceum. Charleston Medical Journal and Review, March, 1853. From the Editors. Jpril 8tk. Dr. "Wilson presented the following on the usual condition • ADnales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie, tome 4 No. S, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1855. No. 12. Comptes Rendus, Tome 42, Nos. 4, 5, 6, 1, 8. Vi'U. ■'^eitSchrifc f¥>r '^V'issens'chafiiiche Zoologie voa C. T. vou Slebold und A. Sol* iiker. Vol. 7, No. 4. Xeues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c., herausg. von Dr. K. C. v. Leonhard und Dr. H. G. Bronn. 1855. No. 7. JLalakozoologische Blatter. Nov. and Dec, 1855. Z-^ituncf zur Verbreitung naturwissen. Kenntniss, &c. Von Dr. Otto Ule und Dr. K. Miiller. 1855, No 52 ; 1856, Nos. 1—4. London AthenEeum for Ffbroarj, 1856. Conchologia iconica. By Lcvell Reeve. No. 151. Journal of the Franklin Institute, March, 1856. . •Zo 'logv of the Voyage of the Herald in 1845— '51, Capt. Henry Klett, Cofii'. fiaander, p«rt 1 ; Botany of the sanae. part 6. 4to. Ichthyology of South Carolina. By John E. Holbrook. Nos. 1 — 10. 4to. Les Troia Regnes de la Nature. Eist. nat. des Oiseaux. Par M. Em. le Maout. tloy^.l 8vo. Die Alpen. Von Bernard Cotta. Essai sur I'bistoire de l'Esp«ce Humaine. Par G. A. Walckenaer. 8vo. La Science Politique fond'sa sur la science de I'Homme, on etude des Races &uraaine3. Par V. Courtet de I'lsle. Royal 8vo. Ueber die ScbLidel der Avaren insbesondere uber die seither in Osterreich aufgefundenen. Von L. J. Fitzinger. De Saiamandra lerrearis vita, evolulione, formatione tractat^as. Atictore A. F. Funk. AjJril 15 th. Army Meteorological Register for twelve years, from 1843 to 1854, inelasive, i*repared under the direction of Gen. Thos. Lawson, Surgeon General, U. S. A. 4to. From A. II. Smith, Esq. Second copy of same. From General Lawson. Transactions and Collections of the Atnerican Antiquarian Socipty, vols. ],'2, a'ad part 1, vol. 3 ; Proceedings of same from Oct. 23, 184f», to Oct. 22, 1855 ; Catalogue of Library of same. 8vo. From the Societj-. Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society. Vol. 1. 8to, From Mr. Robert Kennicott. New Orleans Medical and SurgicalJournal for March, 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for April, 1856. From the feditors. General description of a remarkable fossil not known to be described, «nd by some supnosed to be an Ichihyodor-jlite. By Prof. Wm. Hopkins, of GeneTa- College, N. V. From the Author. Notes on the Anatomy of Gymnopus spiniferus, Dum. Fropi the Author. April 22d. The Mastodon giganteus of North America. By J. C. Warren, M. D. 2d edition. 4to. From the Author. Annual Report of the Trustees of the New Vork State Library. 1856. From the Trustee?. Coraptes RenduB. Tome 41, No. 27 ; Table des Matieres du Tome 40. From t)r. t^Mlson. Annales des Scipnces Naturelles. 4me serie. vol. 4. No. 1. From the sam'6. Journal of the Fiariklin Institute Tor April, 1856. Froln the saine. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In Mat and June, 1856. May 6th. Five Indian Crania, (Klikatak, Chinook, Sknoquammy, Nisqually,) from Washington Territory. From Dr. J. H. B. McClellan. Living Proteus anguinus, from the Cave of Adelsberg, Styria. From Capt. McClellan. A collection of Plants. From Mr. Tuckerman. A collection of Arctic Plants. From Dr. Kane. Myristica moschata, from China. From S. Drinker, Esq. Eighty-seven specimens of Plethodon niger, and eight specimens of Pscudo- triton ruber. From Drs. Hallowell and Lcidy. Twenty-seyen specimens of larvae of Pseudotriton ruber, in various stages of development. From Dr. Hallowell. Six Plethodon ervthronotus ; two P. cinereus ; two male and two female Cis- tuda Carolina. From Mr. W. A. Hill. Numerous specimens of Staurotypus odoratus, and one of Cinosternon Pennsylvanicum. From Dr. Hallowell. Plethodon niger, Spelerpes (Cylindrosoma, Tscb.) bilineata. From Dr. Uhler. One specimen of Polychrus marmoratus ; three specimens of Amphisbsena fuli- ginosa ; one specimen of Hyla; one of Drynus ; and twelve other serpents, fishes and insects, from Surinam. From Dr. Wm. Keller. Astacus affinis, from the neighborhood of Philadelphia ; eight living speci- mens of Plethodon niger. From Dr. Hallowell. Mai/ I3th. Spermophilus Franklinii. From Mr. R. Kennicott. « Cuttle Fish, from the Atlantic Coast. From Mr. Ashmead. Three specimens of lithoid Carbonate of Iron, from Maryland. From Mr. Chas. E. Smith. May 20th. Emys insculpta, from the neighborhood of Norristown. From A. C. Hill, Esq. Brachyorros amaenus. Hall., from the neighborhood of Philadelphia. From Dr. Hallowell. Skeleton of an Albatross, (Diomeda exulans.) From Dr. Ruschenberger. Twelve species of Shells, from Cuba. From F. A. Sauvalle, of Cuba. June 3d. Six specimens of Coal plants, from Tioga Co., Pa. From Mr. Jos. Jeanes. Beans of Gymnocarpus Canadensis. From Dr. J. C. Fisher. Specimens of four species of fishes, (Leuciscus nigronasutus.) From Dr. Corse. June lOth. Chelonura serpentina. (A very large specimen.) From Mr. S. Tiffany, East Creek, N. J., through Mr. S. Ashmead. The Herbarium of Jas. Read, Esq., consisting of plants of North and South America, West Indies, &c. From Mrs. Maria Eckert. Skull of the Walrus, from the beach at Long Branch, N. J. Prom Prof. J. F. Frazer, with the provision that it may be loaned at any time, to a responsible Naturalist for comparison or description, with the consent of two Curators. One specimen of Astraenieria, (the plant which yields the South American arrow root.) From Dr. Ruschenberger, through Dr. Carson. Ablabes eximius, Emys geographica, Tropidonotus niger, Rana pipens, (two specimens,) an Elaphis, (allied to guttatus,) 5 feet long, from Buffalo, New York ; and a large collection of fishes, from the same locality. From Dr. G. Watson. Two Araucanian Skulls. From Dr. Ruschenberger. A small collection of Neuroptera, from Lake Superior; Phalangopsis, (two specimens ;) Astacus, from Mammoth Cave. From Dr. Le Conte. Emys insculpta, E. Muhlenbergii, E. picta, E, guttata, Staurotypus odoratus. from Norristown. From Mr. A. 0. Hill. Two Iguanians (Proctotretus ;) two innocuous serpents, (Colubridse,) from Chili. From Dr. Ruschenberger. Proteus anguinus, from Adelsberg. From Dr. Foltz, U. S. N. June Vllh. One adult specimen of the Musk Ox, (Ovibos moschatus,) in excellent con- dition. From Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N. One hundred and fifty specimens of forty-three species of Marine Shells, from the coast of Peru. Embryo Whale ; two specimens (one species) of Bird Skins : two specimens of Mammal Skins, from Behring's Straits ; Octopus, from Con- ception Bay ; Skull of an Otter, from Quiniquina Island. From Dr. T. J. Turner, U. S. N. Indian Pot, from Washington Co., Alabama. From Wm. Coleman, through Dr. C. D. Meigs. Alluvial Wood, found at Philadelphia, twenty-four feet below the surface. From Mr. J. S. Phillips. Twenty-four hundred specimens of about nine hundred species of Coleoptera. from different parts of the globe. From Dr. T. B. Wilson. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In May and June, 1856. « May Qth. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition: — Flora Boreali- Americana. By Sir Wm. J. Hooker. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1840. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore. Edited by J. Lindley. No. 12. Folio. London, 1856. Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 152. 4to. London Athenaeum. March, 1856. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. No. 15. April, 1856. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. March and April, 1856. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. March and April, 1856. Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald during the years 1845-51. By B. Seemann. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1853. Novitatis Conchologicre. Par Louis Pfeiffer Dr. Liv. 3, 4. 4to. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. 1856. Nos. 2 and 3. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie. Tome 4, No. 3. Coraptes Rendus. Tome 42, Nos. 9, 10, 11, 13. Palffiontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Herausg. von W. Dunker und II. von Meyer. 4 band, 4 lief, 4to. Cassel, 1855. Zeitung zur Verbreitung naturwisseuschaftlichen kenntniss, &c. Herausg. von Dr. 0. Ule und Dr. K. Miiller. 1856. Nos. 5—12. Mittheilungen aus J. Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt iiber Wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebeite der Geographic von Dr. A. Petermann. 1855. Nos. 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. Malakozoologische Blatter, Herausg, von Dr. K. T. Menke und S. Pfeiffer. Jan., 1856. Bonplaudia. Zeitschrift fiir die gcsammte Botanik. 3 Jahrgaug, Nos. 23, 24. 25 ; 4 Jahr. Nos. 3, 4. Uber das Gehcirsorgan der Fischgattung Morrayrus. Von L. Fischer. Svo. p. Fricburg, 1854. 11. Lehrbuch der Anatorhig ihid Physiologie der Gewachse. Vou H. Schacht. 1 Thiei, 8vo, Berlin. ; Die Gesteinslebre. Von B. Cotta. 8to. Freiberg, 1855. Ueber organische Eeste der Letten Kohlengruppe Thiiringens. Von J. G. Bornemann. 4to p. Leipzig, 1856. Algarilm Unicellularium genera nova et minus cognita. Auctore A. Braun. 4to p. Lipsiae, 1855. Der Geschlechtsapparat der Stylammatophorenin taxonomischer Hinsicht ge- Triirdigt. Von A. Sclimidt. 4to p. Berlin, 1855. May 20 tk. American Journal of Science and Arts, Maj, 1856. From the Editors. Publications of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; Chambersburg in the Colony and the Revolution ; a sketch by Lewis H. Ganard. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1856. From the Society. Charleston Medical Journal and Review, May, 1856. From the Editors. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. By E. Billings. Vol. Ij Nos. 1 and 2. From the Editor. Standard Alphabet for reducing unwritten languages and foreign graphic systems to a uniform Orthography in European letters. By Dr. R. Lepsius. 8vo p. London, 1855. From the Author. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 5, pp. 305 — 336. From the Society. Catalogue of the books belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia, vol. 3, 8vo. Philadelphia, 1856. First and second Reports oi the Geological Survey of Missouri. By G. C. Swal- low. 8vo. 1855. From Dr. B. F. Shumard. Synopsis of the classification of the Palaeozoic rocks. By Rev. A. Sedgwick ; with a systematic description of the British Palasozoic Fossils. By"F. McCoy. 4to. London, 1855. From Prof. Sedgwick. On the Sandstone Fossils of Connecticut River. By James Deane, M. D. 4to p. From the Author. Untersuchungen iiber dur inneren Ban ciniger RheiHischen Brachiopodon. Von Dr. Fr. Sandberger. 8vo p. From the Author. June 3d. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition: — The Zoology of the voj^age of the Herald. Reptiles and Fishes ; by Sir J. Richardson. Botany ; by B. Seemann, Ph. D. Parts 1 — 5, 4to. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionida3. 4to. London, 1852. Catalogues of the British Museum in 8vo. viz. ; Mammalia, part 2 ; Fish, marine Polyzoa, parts 1 and 2 ; Mollusca, part 4 ; Shells of South America col- lected by M. D'Orbigny ; Shells of Cuba, collected by M. La Sagra ; Shells of the Canaries, collected by MM. AVebb and Bertholet; Bivalve Shells, part 1 ; Terrestrial operculated Mollusca ; Entozoa ; Nomenclature of Diptera, No. 1 ; Lepidoptera, parts 1, 2, 12 and 16 ; Neuroptera, parts 1, 2, 3, 4; Nomenclature of Neuroptera ; llymenoptera, parts 1 and 2 ; Nomenclature of Hymenoptera ; Coleoptera, part 7 ; Parasitic insects, . Crania Britannica, by J. B. Davis and J. Thurnam, M. D. Decade 1, 4to. London, 1856. Geological map of Europe, by Sir R. Murchison, Prof. Nicol and A. Keith Johnston. Tenby, a sea-side Holiday. By P. H. Gosse. 8vo. London, 1856. Insecta Brittanica, Diptera, Vol. 3. By F. Walker. 8vo. London, 1856. (!honchologia Iconica. By Lovel Reeve. Part 153. London. 1856. Annales des Science; Naturelles. 4me serie, Vol. 4, No. 4. Comptes Reudus. T. 42, Nos. 14, 15. London Athenieum. April, 1856. Xenia Orchidacese. Vou H. G. Reiclieubach. Heft. 5, 6, 4to. Bryologiat Javanica. Auctoribus F. Dozy et J. H. Molkenboer. Fascic, 6, 7, 4taturgen,uss 'l™rrVer^;Sr%Tn.^S^^^^ "TnfSblu^g'd" Algen der dalnraturiscben Kiist,, *,c. Von G. Fraueufeld. ^'Beliraf sT Ss'e^l'g^scbicbte. Vou G. F-nenfeld 8ro p^ Fro. tbe A„.b„r BeobaJhtungeu uebcr Inseclenmetamorphosen. Von G. Fraueulcia. ii»o i ^ Tber d;e°er''s?:u Stande von Pliuthus MogerleiP.. Von G. Franenfeld. 8vo p. ^Tg^Lreiner n;it n..ers..U.ung des bobeu K. K^ 0-rs. ,tember 23d The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual conditions : De Goniatitis in Montibus Rhenanis occurentibus. Auc. H. E. Beyrich. Bero- lini, 1837. 4to. p. Monographia Caviae Porcelli Zoologica. Ed. J. J. Freuler. Goettingae, 1820. Charcteristik der Thierpflanzen. Von J. S. Schroeter. Niirnberg, 1798. Curtii Sprengel, Commentarius de Partibus quibus insecta spiritus ducunt. Lipsiae, 1815. De Ornithorhyncho Paradoxo. Auc. L. M. Jafife. Berolini, 1823. Piscium querelas at Vindiciae. Exposite a J. J. Scheuchzero. Tiguri, 1708. Beschreibung einiger minderbekaunten Seethiere, und ihren Eigenschaften. Von J. B. Bohadsch, Dresden. 1776. Epistola de Balgenopteris quibusdam ventre sulcato distinctis. Quam viro summe venerando J. F. Blumenbachio, Grat. Scrip. D. F. Eosenthal et D. F. Hornschuch. Gryphiae, 1825. Die Fiihrten-Abdriieke im bunten Sandsteine bei Jena. Von Dr. K. Koch und Dr. E. Schmid. Jena, 1841. Bericht iiber die Naturhistorischen Reisen der Herren Ehrenberg und Hemp- rich, Gelesen von Alex, von Humboldt. Berlin, 1826. Dlustrazioni al Genere Cipridina e descrizione di una novella specie Di Oron- zio Gabriele Costa. Ein Nachtrag liber den Didus Ineptus von Lehmann, 1843. Etwas iieber die Natur Wunder in Nord America zusammengetragen. Von Chas. Cramer. St. Petersburg, 1837. Facts concerning the natural history of the Gigantic Irish Deer. By H. H, Richardson. Dublin, 1846. iiber den Bau des Pentacrinus caput Medusae. Von Hrn. Miiller. IJber den glatten Hai des Aristoteles, und iiber die Verschiedenheiten unter den Haifischen und Rochen in der Entwickelung des Eies. Von Hrn. Miiller. Dissertatio de Fabrica et usu antennarum in Insectis. Grat. G. F. Erichson. Beroline, 1847. Commentatio Pharmacologico-Medica de Spongia Marina, Auc. A. F. Uhle. Lipsias, 1820. Bemerkungen iiber den Bau des Amphioxus lanceolatus. Von H. Rathke. Die Insekten im Bernstein. Von Dr. G. C. Berendt, Ites heft. Danzig, 1830. Observationes de Prima Insectorum Genesi, Scrip. A. Kolliker. Turici, 1842. Observationes in Porcelli sine Cavise Cobayae Historiam Naturalem. A. G. F. Schultz. Berolini, 1829. Disquisitiones Anatomico-Comparativte de Meinbro Piscium Pectorali. Auc. C. Mettenheimer. Berolini, 1847. Systema Amphibiorum Lymphaticum disquisitionibus novis examinatum. Auc. J. Meyer. Berolini, 1845, Dissertatio inauguralis de Oculo Reptilium. Auc. A. Fricker. Tubingae, 1827. De Spatularium Anatome. Auc. A. Wagner. Berolini, 1848. Commentatio de Pectinis in Oculo Avium. Auc. A. Buschke. Jenae, 1827. De Phsenomeno Generali et Fundsementali motus Vibratorii Continui, etc. Scrip. Prof. J. E. Purkinje et Dr. G. Valentin. Wratislavis, 1835. De Acaro Scabiei Humano. Auc. E. M. Heyland. Berolini, 1836. Observationes de Sagitta mare Germanicum circa Insulam Helgoland inco- lente. Auc. R. Wilms. Berolini, 1846. De Trunco Palmarum Fossilium. Auc. C. G. Stenzel. Vratislavise, 1850. Afferunter NonnuUa ad Amiam Calvam Accuratius Cognoscendam. Auc. H. Franque. Berolini, 1847. De Corporum Heterogeneorum in Plantis Animalibusque Genesi. Auc. J. H. Schmidt. Berolini, 1825. Ueber Thierfsehrten im Bunten Sandstein. Von B. Cotta. Dresden und Leip- zig, 1839. Dissertatio Anatomica de Rana Cornuta. Submit. C. G. Kloetzke. Berolini, 1816. De Hepatia Ranarum Exstirpatione. Auc. F. T, Kunde. Berolini, 1850. Ueber verschiedene neue oder seltene Reptilien aug Neu Granada und Crns- taceen aus China. Von A. A. Berthold, Gottingen, 1846. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt. Von J. C. Zenker. Jena, 1833. Strata identified by Organized Fossils. By Wm. Smith. London, June 1, Oct. 1, 1816, Sept. 1, 1817 Prodromus descriptionis formarum partium Elementariarum in animalibus. Dr. C. A. S. Schultze. Berolini, 1828. XXIU. Ueber Calamiten und Steinkohlenbildung. Von Dr. A. Petzholdt. Dresden und Leipzig, 1841. Bouwstoflfen voor Bene Fauna van Nederland. J. A. Herklots. Leiden, 1851. Catalogo delle Conchiglie osservate dall' abate L. Brumati. Physiologiam animalium commendat et ad audiendam, &c. N. G. Leske. Lipsias, 1775. Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum nondum editorum, &c. A. G. Otto. Vratislaviae, 1821. De Vegetativis et animatis corporibus, &c. Auc. J. F. M. de Olfers. Pars. i. Berolini, 1816. Analecta ad tuberculum et entozoorum cognitionem. Auc. G. Kauffmann. Berolini, 1847. Einleitung in die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft. Yon J. Brotz. Heidel- berg, 1842.° Allocuzione due del Prof. Gurgio Jan. Milano, 1842. Essai Statisque sur les Bibliotlieques de Vienna. Par Adrien Balbi. Paris, 1835. Die Fische des Bodensees. Herausg. von Dr. St. Nenning, 1834. Synopsis Reptilium. F. A. A. Meyer. Gottingen, 1795. On tlie heat of Vapors. By J. W. Lubbock. On the Theory of the Moon, and on the Perturbations of the Planets. By J. W. Lubbock, Parts i. to ix. On the Heat of Vapors and on Astronomical Refractions. By J. W. Lubbock, London, 1840. Note on the calculation of the distance of a Comet from the Earth. By^ J. W. Lubbock. On the determination of the distance of a Comet from the Earth, and the elements of its orbit. By J. W. Lubbock. De Trilobitis. Auc. H. F. Emmrich. Berolini, 1839. Observata Qusedam Anatomica de Auchenia Lama. Auc. J. 0. L. Moller, Regimontii Prussorium, 1840. Verzeichniss der in Pommern vorkommenden Vogel. Herausg. Hernschuch und Schilling. Greifswald, 1837, October *lth. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. v. pp. 385 — 400. From the Society. Ninth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York. From the Regents. The Canadian Journal, Sept., 1856. From the Editors. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Sept., 1856. From the Editor. Statistics of the Flora of the Northern United States. By Asa Gray. From the Author. Experiments upon Digestion. By F. G. Smith, M. D., &c. From the Author. The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, Sept., 1856. From the Editor. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xii. pt. 3, No. 47. From the Society. Recueil'des Actes de 1' Academic Imperials de Bordeaux, 1855, 3e et 4e tri- mestre. From the Academy. On two new Genera of Fungi. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. From the Author. Dr. Wyman on Podisoma Macropus, with remarks by M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Amber Beds of East Prussia. By Dr. K. Thomas. From the same. Observations on the Sphaeriaceae. By Prof. Guiseppe de Notaris. From the same. On the probable conversion of Asci into Spores, By M, J. Berkeley and C, E. Broome. From the same. XXIV. On the White Rust of Cabbages. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Notice of a Mould attacking the Coffee Plantations in Ceylon. By M. J. Berke- ley. From the same. A Micrographic Study of the Disease of Saffron, known under the name of Tacon. By C. Montague, M. D. From the same. Enumeration of some Fungi from St. Domingo. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On a form of Scab in Potatoes. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Dr. Schleiden's Theory of Agriculture. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On a Peculiar form of Mildew in Onions. By ^M. J. Berkeley. From the game. Observations on a form of White Rust in Pear Trees. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Botanical Notes on the Mildew of the Vine and Hop. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Vine Mildew. By Hugo Mohl. From the same. Observations on the Dentalium Subulatum of Deshayes. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Internal Structure of Helicolinax. By M. J. Berkeley. Some Notes upon Cryptogamia and Fungi. By Dr. F. Welwitsch and J. M. Berkeley. From the same. On the Bleached Wood of the Arctic Voyagers as a possible indication of the route of Capt. Sir J. Franklin. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Centuries of North American Fungi. By M. J. Berkeley and M. A. Curtis. From the same. On Moulds allied to Fnmago. By M. J. Berkeley and J. B. H. J. Desmazieres. From the same. Researches on the Structure of Annular vessels. By Hugo Mohl. Prelimi- nary Reply to Mohl's Essay by Dr. M. J. Schleiden. From the same. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. viii. From the Smithsonian Institution. m r. ttt The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : — The London Athenaeum, August, 1856. Bulletin de la Societe Iniperiale Zoologique D'Acclimatation. T. iii. No. 8. Comptes Rendu s, T. xliii. Nos. 6, 7, 8. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. xviii. Nos. 104, 105. The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 4th series, vol. xii. Nos. 77, 78. Conchologia Iconica. Part 157. L'Organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. 18e liv. Arach- nides, liv. 9e. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore and Jno. Lindley. Part. xvii. Malakozoologische Blatter. Band. in. Bogen 4-6. A Manual of Marine Zoology for the British Isles. By P. H. Gosse, F. R. S. Partii. London, 1856. Ferny Combes ; A Ramble after Ferns in the Glens and Valleys of Devonshire. By Charlotte Chanter. London, 1856. A Dictionary of Botanical Ferns. By Rev. J. S. Henslow, M. A. London. On the Variation of species with especial reference to the Insecta ; followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera. By V. V. WoUaston, M. A., &c. Lon- don, 1856. „ . . , . . . r. ^ a:. Report of the twenty-fifth Meeting of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science. London, 1856. October 14«c., 1855. Toronto, 1856. From the same. CATALOGUE OP HUMAN CRANIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY OP NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA: Based upon the Third Edition of Dr. Morton's " Catalogue of Skulls," &c. J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D. Lilbrarian of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, &;c. " Of all the peculiarities in the form of the bony fabric, those of the skull are the most striking and distinguishing. It is in the head that we find the varieties most strongly characteristic of different races." — Prichard. " Hence our zoological study of man will be greatly assisted by carefully examining genuine speci- mens of the skulls of different nations, which are easily prepared and preserved, may be conve- niently handled and surveyed, considered in various points of view, and compared to each other." — Lawresce. PHILADELPHIA. J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1857. MERRIHEW i THOMPSON, PRINTERS. EXPLANATOET NOTE. Since the death of the late lamented President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, — Dr. Samuel George Morton, — his magnificent Col- lection of Human Crania, recently increased by the receipt of 67 skulls from various sources, has been permanently deposited in the Museum of the Academy. Prior to his demise. Dr. M. had received 100 crania in addition to those mentioned in the third edition of his Catalogue. Since 1849, therefore, the Collection has been augmented by the addition of 167 skulls. To complete the Catalogue in a uniform manner, these have been carefully numbered and measured in accordance with the methods re- corded in the Crania Americana, &c. In a portion of these measurements I was kindly assisted by our fellow-member, Dr. Thos. J. Turner of the United States Navy. The entire Collection, — numbering 1035 crania, — was purchased by forty-two gentlemen* from the executors of Dr. Morton, for the sum of ^4.000, and by them generously presented to the Academy. The Collection occupies 16 cases on the first gallery, on the south side of the lower room of the Museum. For convenience of study and exam- ination I have grouped the crania according to Eace, Family, Tribe, &c., strictly adhering, however, to the classification of Dr. Morton. It will be seenj also, that the same arrangement has been adopted in this edition of the Catalogue, so that it is an exact representation of the Collection as it stands upon the shelves. While the old numbering has been carefully preserved for the sake of reference to the various published descriptions of Dr. Morton, new numbers have been added to designate the position of any skull in the natural division or subdivision to which it belongs. The Suevic, Cimbric and Scandinavian divisions of the great Teutonic Race, are represented by 32 crania and 3 casts, distributed as follows : 'Their names are as follows: — Charles Henry Fisher, Thomas Biddle, Henry J. Williams, Charles D. Meigs, Thomas T. Lea, John Farnum, John A. Brown, William Welsh, Richard Price, Morris L. Hallowell. Joseph D. Brown, William Piatt, Joseph Swift, Singleton A. Mercer. A. J.Lewis Geo. W. Carpenter, Geo. B. v\ ood, J.Francis Fisher, David S.Brown, John B. Meyers, Lewis R. Ashhurst, Caleb Cope, Richard D. Wood, Samuel V. Merrick, James Dundas, J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Henry Pepper, John Cooke, John Lambert, Robert Pearsall, Joseph S. Lovering, J. G Fell. Caspar W. Pen- nock, John Grigg Joseph Jeanes, Thomas P. Remington, John Price Wetherill, Henry Seybert, Thomas Mcf^wen, Robert Swift, Jacob G. Morris, and Wm. S. Vaux. (See Proceedings of the Academy, Vol. VL pp. 32], 324. 4 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 Norwegian, 7 Swedish peasants, 2 Swedes from Finland, 3 Swedes from Sudermanland, 1 Ostrogoth, 1 Turannic Swede, 2 Cimbric Swedes, 1 Cimbrian from Moen Island, 11 Germans, 1 Dutchman, 4 Prussians, and 1 Ancient Burgundian. Among these I have also placed 3 Swedish-Finns, which, though mixed, are more Swedish than Finnish. Next to these from their afiSnity, have been arranged the heads of 9 true Finns and a cast of a Finlander's skull. Of 4 Swedish peasants, the highest internal capacity is 99, the lowest 65, while the average of the group is 83 cubic inches. Of 2 Swedes from Finland, the larger is 107.5, the smaller 93.75, and the mean 100.62. Of 3 Swedes from Sudermanland, the highest measurement gives 108.25, the lowest 102, and the mean 101.41 inches. Of two Cimbric Swedes, the higher is 94, the lower 80, the mean 87. Of 10 German heads, the highest is 104, the lowest 70, and the mean of the series 88.6. The skull of a Dutch gentleman (No. 434) is the largest in the entire collection, for it measures 114 cubic inches of internal capacity. Four Prussian skulls give 92 for the highest, 80 for the lowest, and 83.5 for the mean. The average for this branch of the Teutonic Family, as deduced from the foregoing measurements is about 94 cubic inches. Of 3 Swedish Finns, the highest internal capacity is 89, the lowest 85, and the mean 87 inches. Of 9 true Finns, the highest is 112.5, the lowest 81.5, the mean 94.3. A large portion of this valuable series — from Nos. 1545 to 1550, and from 1542 to 1541, — were received from Prof. Retzius, after the death of Dr. Morton. Many of the above Crania " have been obtained from hospitals and institutions for paupers, whence we may infer that they pertain to the least cultivated portion of their race."* The brief histories attached to Nos. 1539, 1540, 1542 and 1546, were written in the Danish language, on slips of paper, which had been placed in the cavity of each cranium. Of these I obtained translations through the kindness of Dr. L. Elsberg. The Anglo-Saxon race differs from the Teutonic in having a less spheroidal and more decidedly oval cr^^nium. " I have not hitherto exerted myself to obtain crania of the Anglo- Saxon race, except in the instance of individuals who have been signalized by their crimes ; and this number is too small to be of any importance in a generalization like the present. Yet, since these skulls have been procured without any reference to their size, it is remarkable that five give an average of 96 cubic inches for the bulk of the brain ; the smallest head measuring 91, and the largest 105 cubic inches. It is necessary to observe, however, that these are all male crania ; but on the other hand, they pertained to the lowest class of society, and three of them died on the gallows for the crime of murder." * This and the following quotations are taken from the unfinished memoir left by Dr, Morton. The MS was kindly loaned to me by his son, Mr. Robert P, Morion. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. "The Anglo-Americans, the lineal descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, conform in all their characteristics to the parent-stock. They possess, in common with their English ancestors, and in consequence of their amal- gamation, a more elongated head* than the unmixed Germans. The few crania in my possession have, without exception, been derived from the lowest and least cultivated portion of the community — malefactors, paupers and lunatics. The largest brain has been 97 cubic inches ; the smallest, 82 ; and the mean of 90 (nearly) accords with that of the collective Teutonic race. The sexes of these 7 skulls are 4 male and 3 female." "The Celts who, with the cognate Gauls, at one period, extended their tribes from Asia Minor to the British Islands, are now chiefly con- fined as an unmixed people to the west and south-west of Ireland, whence have been derived the 6 crania embraced in the Catalogue. These range between 97 as a maximum and 77 as a minimum of the size of the brain ; and the mean, which is 87 cubic inches, will probably prove to be above that of the entire race and not exceed 85." In the following table, the reader will find some of the European races compared together in relation to their cranial capacities. TABLE I. European Crania. p tli H < Finns. Swedes. Germans. Anglo- i Anglo- Saxons. 1 Americans. Kelts. CiMBRI. JVo. in Cata- logue. I.e. No. in Cata- logue. I.e. iVo. in Cata- logue. I.e. Ao. in Cata- logue. 7. C. No. in Cata- logue. I.e. JVo. in Cata- logue. LC. JVo. in Cata- logue. I. a 1534 1535 1536 153T 1538 1539 1540 1541 94.5 97.5 112.5 84.25 105. 81.5 88.5 99. 1486 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 99. 107.5 93.75 102. 94. 108.25 706 1063 1188 1189 1191 1187 434 1065 1066 94. 86. 85. 78. 95. 104. 114. 92. 80. 80 539 991 59 91 92 105 99 552 999 1108 97 91 95 21 42 52 985 1186 1564 93 97 82 93 77 87.5 1255 1532 1550 80 80 94 ifean. 95.34 100.75 85. 65. 92. 96.75 94.33 88.25 84.66 1 o 02 1 1247 1487 1064 1062 1192 1193 91. 93. 82. 80. 7 24 83. 82. 18 78. 1249 83 Mean of two Sexes. 94.31 9i).3 89.6 86.78 84.25 In the above table, the reader will observe the high cranial capacities of the Swedes, Finns, and Germans; he will also perceive that the Anglo- * "This peculiarity must continue to develop itself still more obviously in the United States, in conseq«ence of the immense influx of a pure Celtic population from the south and west of Ireland ; for this population by intermarriage with families of English and German descent, while it rapidly loses its own national physiognomy, will leave its traces in a part at least of the Anglo-Saxon race by whom it is every where surrounded." b INTRODUCTORY NOTE. Saxons and Anglo-Americans possess the same large average ; while the mean for the Kelts and Cimbri is several inches less. It is a cnrioua fact, that in the column marked " Kelts," Nos. 21, 42, 52, and 985 exhibit the Gothic type, and have generally the high internal capacity of the Northern races; while Nos. 18, 1186, and 15G4, which are of the Cimbric type, possess a lower internal capacity. The Table is not extensive enough to base upon this interesting fact any positive conclusion ; but as far as this fact goes, it appears to indicate that the Cimbric and Keltic types of skull are closely allied, if not indeed identical. " I much regret that my cranial series possesses but a single example derived from the Sclavonic race, the skull of a woman of Olmutz, sent me by Prof. Retzius, and which measures only — inches.* I record this de- ficiency in my collection, in the hope that some person interested in pur- suits of this nature may be induced to provide me with materials for making the requisite comparisons. My impression is that the Sclavonic brain will prove much less voluminous than that of the Teutonic race." " I do not use the term Pelasgic with ethnological precision, but in this designation place the Greeks and Romans, and their descendants in various parts of Europe, Greece and Italy, and in more isolated ex- amples, in Spain, France and Britain. In the same category I place the Persians, Armenians, Circassians, Georgians and many other kindred tribes, together with the Gras co-Egyptians. "Of 4 adult Circassian crania, brought me by Mr. Gliddon, two are male and two female. The former, which we may suppose, from appear- ances, to have been associated with a full share of manly beauty, measure 90 and 94 cubic inches of internal capacity ; the female heads measure 79 and 80 ; whence we obtain 86 cubic inches as the mean of all; One of these skulls, that of a woman who had passed the prime of life, is remark- able for the harmony of its proportions, and especially for the admirable conformation of the nasal bones. "Of 4 adult Armenian skulls, 3 pertain to men; and the average size of the brain is but 83 cubic inches. I have felt some hesitancy in admit- ting these skulls in this place, for two reasons: 1st, because their charac- teristics incline almost as much to the Arab type as to the Pelasgic ; and, 2dly, because the term Armenian is not always used in a strictly national sense in the East, but is applied to a class of merchants whose ethnologi- cal affinities must be often very mixed and uncertain. "I possess, through the kindness of Mr. Gliddon, two female Parsee skulls, which, though small, present a beautiful form. One measures 89 cubic inches, the other only 75." Of 23 Graeco-Egyptian heads, the highest internal measurement is 97 cubic inches, the lowest 73, and the mean 86.11, which is about "7 cubic inches above that of the pure Egyptian race, and but thi;pe inches less than the average I have assumed for the Teutonic nations. * * * * * I find upon examination, that this head, in ita present condition, is incapable of meaaureincni, in consequence of the presence of the falx cerebri and tentorium. INTEODUCTORY NOTE. t Some of these present the most beautiful Caucasian proportions, while others merge by degrees into the Egyptian type ; and I am free to admit, that in various instances I have been at a loss in my attempts to classify these two great divisions of the Nilotic series." The Semitic race " includes the Chaldeans, Assyrians, Syrians, and Lydians of antiquity, together with the Arabians and Hebrews." •'Five of my embalmed Semitic heads are susceptible of measurement; and give the low average of 82 cubic inches — the largest measuring 88 ; the smallest G9.* In these crania, and also in others of existing Semitic tribes, I have looked in vain for the pit described by Mulder as situated on the outer wall of the orbit at the attachment of the temporal muscles : and consequently there is no trace of the corresponding elevation, also described by him, within the orbitar cavity. " I have had but little success in procuring the crania of the modern Semitic tribes ; and for the 3 that I possess, I am indebted to Mr. Olid- don. Of these, two are Baramka, or Barmecide Arabs ; the third a Be- douin. The largest measures 98 cubic inches; the smallest 84; and the mean is 89 ; but if we take the average of these 8 Semitic heads, ancient and modern, it will be 85 inches." The Nilotic race comprises the ancient Egyptians of the pure stock. and the modern Fellahs. Most of the Egyptian skulls were presented by Messrs, G. R. and W. A. Gliddon, A. C. Harris, of Alexandria, in Egypt. and Dr. Chas. Pickering. Of the 88 crania which present the Egyptian conformation, 55 are capable of measurement. At least eleven of these heads "are of the unmixed type, and present the long, oval form, with a slightly receding forehead, straight or gently aquiline nose, and a some- what retracted chin. The whole cranial structure is thin, delicate, and symmetrical, and remarkable for its small size. The face is narrow, and projects more than in the European, whence the facial angle is two de- grees less, or 78*^. Neither in these skulls, nor in any others of the Egj'y- tian series, can I detect those peculiarities of structure pointed out by the venerable Blumenbach in his Decades Craniorum ; and the external meatus of the ear, whatever may have been the form or size of the carti- laginous portion, is precisely where we find it in all the other races of men. The hair, whenever any of it remains, is long, curling, and of the finest texture." "On comparing these crania with many /ac similes of monumental effi- gies, most kindly sent me by Prof. Lepsius and M. Prisse d'Avesnes, I am compelled, by a mass of irresistible evidence, to modify the opinion expressed in the Crania jEgyptiaca — viz: that the Egyptians were an Asiatic people. Seven years of additional investigation, together with greatly increased materials, have convinced me that they were neither Asiatics nor Europeans, but aboriginal and indigenous inhabitants of the Valley of the Nile, or some contiguous regions ;t peculiar in their phy- * Crania ^Egyptiaca, pp. 41 and 46, and the accompanying platce. t This opinion, with some modifications, has been entenained by severaJ learned Egyptologists — CharopoUion, Heeren, Lcnormant, &c. 8 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. siognomy, isolated in tlieir institutions, and forming one of the primordial centres of the human family." Of the 55 measured Egyptian heads, the largest measures but 96 cubic inches ; the smallest 68 ; while the mean of all is about 80. The crania from the ancient tombs of Gizeh give an average of about 84 inches. Concerning these Dr. Morton says: "The persons whose bodies had re- posed in these splendid raausolea were, no doubt, of the highest and most cultivated class of Egyptian citizens ; and this fact deserves to be con- sidered in connection with the present inquiry. To this we may add that the most deficient part of the Egyptian skull is the coronal region, which is extremely low, while the posterior chamber is remarkably full and pro- minent." Of 19 Fellah skulls, the highest measurement is 96 cubic inches; the lowest 66 ; and the mean of all about 79. Nos. 771, 772, and 773 were sent by Mr. Gliddon as Jewish crania, but Dr. Morton, guided by their form, has classified them, perhaps erroneously, with the Fellahs. Mr. Gliddon, in a rifete in "Types of Mankind" (p. 723, No. 390) says : "They came from the old Jewish burial-ground, behind Muss'r-el-Ateeka, on the desert, toward Bussateen ; and no Muslim is interred near a Jew." From the form of the skull, the mental and moral character of the peo- ple, and their existing institutions, such as phallic worship. Dr. Morton considers these Fellahs or Arab-Egyptians of the present day to be the lineal descendants of the ancient rural or agricultural Egyptians blended with the intrusive Arabian stock. " The skull of the Fellah is strikingly like that of the ancient Egyptian. It is long, narrow, somewhat flattened on the sides, and very prominent in the occiput. The coronal region is low, the forehead moderately re- ceding, the nasal bones long and nearly straight, the cheek-bones small, the maxillary region slightly prognathous, and the whole cranial struc- ture thin and delicate. But notwithstanding these resemblances between the Fellah and Egyptian skulls, the latter possess what may be called an osteological e^fression, peculiar to themselves, and not seen in the Fel- lah." " Of 35 adult Indostanic skulls in the collection, 8 only can be identified with tribes of the Ayra* or conquering race ; nor even in this small num- ber is there unequivocal proof of the affinity in question. The largest head in the series, that of a Brahmin, who was executed in Calcutta for murder, measures 91 cubic inches for the size of the brain — the smallest head 79. Two others pertain to Thuggs, remarkable for an elongated form and lateral flatness. The mean of these Ayra heads is 86 cubic inches." * A fair race, with Sanscrit speech, whose primal seats were in Eastern Persia. They now occupj' llie country between the Himalaya Mountains on the North, the Vindya on the- South, and between the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal — a region known as Ai/ra. varta, or India Proper. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 9 " Contrasted with tliis people, and occupying the country adjacent to the Bay of Bengal, are the Bengalees — small of stature, feeble in consti- tution, and timid in disposition. They are obviously an aboriginal race, up- on whom a foreign language has been imposed ; and are far inferior, both mentally and physically, to the true Ayras. Weak and servile themselves, they are surrounded by warrior castes ; and perhaps the most remarkable feature of their character is the absence of will, and implicit obedience to those who govern them." Of these child-like people, the C oUection embraces 2G adult crania, of which the largest measures 90 cubic inches ; the smallest 67 ; and the mean of all is 78. The Mongolian group has received several additions since the death of Dr. Morton. It is at present represented by 17 crania and 4 casts, distri- buted as follows : — 11 Chinese, 1 Japanese, 1 Burat-Mongol. 1 Kamschat- kan, 1 Kalmuck, 5 Laplanders, and 6 Eskimos. Of ten Chinese crania, the largest measures 98 cubic inches ; the small- est 70 ; while the mean is about 85. Through the kindness of Mr. Cramer, of St, Petersburgh, a well marked Kalmuck skull has been added to the Col- lection. It measures 93.75 cubic inches of internal capacity. Two true Lap- lander's skulls measure respectively 94 and 102 inches; while a hybrid Lap- land skull gives 78.75. Of the 4 Eskimo crania, presented by the late Dr. E. K. Kane, the largestiuternal capacity is 98; the smallest 80.5; giving a mean for all of 85.94. During his stayin this city, Mr. Combe, the Phrenologist, loaned to Dr. Morton three Eskimo skulls, which were brought from the Polar regions by Capt. Parry, The average measurement of these was 86.83 inches.* The mean size of the brain of this remarkable and inter- esting Hyperborean people, (as deduced from this series of 7 skulls.) is therefore about 86.32 inches. The Malay group comprises 26 crania of Malays proper, and 12 Poly- nesians. The largest Malay skull measures "97 cubic inches; the smallest 68 ; and they give a mean of 86 ; a large brain for a roving and unculti- vated people, who possess, however, the elements of civilization and re- finement." The largest portion of this series has been collected with eth- nological precision, "and so much resemble each other as to remind us Of the remark of Mr. Crawfurd — that the true Malays are alike among them- selves, but unlike all other nations. * * * * They have a rounded cranium, with a remarkable vertical diameter and ponderous structure. The face is flat, the cheekbones square and prominent, the ossa nasi long and more or less flattened, and the whole maxillary structure strong and salient." The Polynesian family is represented by 7 Kanaka,! New Zealand and 1 Marquesan skulls. The Kanaka crania give a mean of 83 cubic inches of internal capacity. The great American group is, in several respects, well represented in the Collection. It includes 490 crania, and 13 casts, making a total of 503 * Crania Americana, p, 217. 10 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. Irom nearly 70 different nations and tribes. Of this large number 256 be- long to the Toltecan Race,* and 247 to the Barbarous Tribes scattered over the continent. It will thus be seen that they are nearly equally di- vided between the two primary divisions of this group. Of 164 measurements of crania of the Barbarous Tribes, the largest is 104 cubic inches ; the smallest 69 ; and the mean of all 84. One hundred and fifty-two Peruvian skulls give 101 cubic inches for the largest internal capacity, 58 for the smallest, and 75.3 as the average of all. Of 25 skulls of the Mexican Family, the largest measures 92; the smallest 67 ; while the mean is 81.7 inches. The number of cranial measurements and the means ofthese measurements for the different tribes, &c., ofthe two American Fam- ilies, are givenbelowin a tabular form. TABLE II. American Crania. Baebarocs Tribes. No. of skulls Mt an measured. \ I. C. North, Amerieans. Arickarees Assinaboins Chenouks Oregon Tribes Cherokees Chetimaches Ohippeways [Cotonay jCreeks. i- 4 jDacota ••• 1 |Hurons [••• 4 ilroquois i.-- 2 |Lenape ••• 4 jLipans ]••■ 2 jMandans ;••• 7 iMenominees |... 7 iMiamis 5 JMinetaris [••• 4 Mohawks •(•■• 3 INarragansetts 10 lOsage .Otoes Ottawas }... 4 pttigamies |... 2 Pawnees Penobscot jPottawatomies.... Sauks Seminoles Shawnees Shoshones Upsiirookas Winnebagos Yamassee Californian 2 13 4 76 90 79 82 88.7 79.5 91 86 88.7 90 81.5 96 79.5 91.5 83.5 84 86 86.5 84 81 82.5 85.6 81.7 93.5 74.5 80 91 90.7 84 89.6 80.7 94 89 70 87 Barbarous Tribes. No. of skulls measured. mean I.e. 84.8 91 76 73.6 89 79 74.9 74 78 78 75.5 84 80.5 82.6 81.6 76.6 83 84 79.5 87 82.6 Miscellaneous, ") Mound, Caves, ■ Uncertain, &c. J Central American South Americans. Araucanians Brazilians ... 27 ... ... 1 ... ... 7 ... ... 3 ... Charib ... 1 ... Toltecan Race. Peruvian Family. Arica ... 14 ... Pachacamac Pisco ... 77 ... ... 44 ... Santa 5 Lima ... 5 ... Miscellaneous Mexican Family. Tlahuica ... 7 ... ... 1 ... Azteck 2 Otumba. ... 3 ... Tacuba ... 3 ... Otomie ... 5 ... Cbechemecan Tlascalan ... 1 ... ... 1 ... Panies ... 2 ... Miscellaneous Modern Mexicans ... 4 ... ... 3 ... *^* If we take the collective races of America, civilized and savage, we find that the average size of the brain, as measured in the whole series of 341 skulls, is but 80.3 cubic inches. * The Toltecan Race embraces the semi-civilized communities of Mexico, Bogota asd Peru. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 11 The Negro Group embraces 117 skulls and 2 casts, divided as follows : 16 American-born negroes, 88 native Africans, 2 Hovabs of Madagascar, 11 Australians, and 2 Oceanic Negroes. Of the American-born Negroes, the largest measurement is 86; the smallest 73; while the mean is 80.8. The largest of the native African series is 99 ; the smallest 65 ; and the mean of 64 measurements is 83.7. For the Hottentot family, 3 skulls give a mean of 75.3 cubic inches ; two Hovah skulls of Madagascar average 82.5 ; and lastly the Alforian family gives for 8 Australian crania 75, and for two skulls of Oceanic Negroes 76.5 cubic inches. Under the head of Mixed Races have been placed 5 Coptic (3 ancient and 2 modern), 12 Negroid Egyptian, 4 Nubian, 2 Hispano-Peruvian, 3 Negroid Indian, 1 Hispano-Indian, 1 Malayo-Chinese, and 2 Mulatto crania. "Almost every investigation into the lineage of the Copts results in considering them a mixed progeny of ancient Egyptians, Berabera, Ne- groes, Arabs, and Europeans ; and these characteristics are so variously blended as to make the Copts one of the most motley and paradoxical communities in the world. The Negro traits are visible, in greater or less degree, in a large proportion of this people, and are distinctly seen in the three skulls in my possession." Eighteen crania of lunatics and idiots, seven illustrative of growth, two phrenologically marked, and eleven of uncertain origin, complete the Collection. Extensive and unique as is this Collection, it is, nevertheless, still too limited to justify any positive and comprehensive conclusions concerning the great fundamental problems of Ethnology. That it will be capable, when sufficiently extended, of throwing much light upon these obscure and unsettled questions is amply attested by the scientific publications of Dr. Morton. It is earnestly hoped, therefore, that this magnificent nu- cleus, the result of much pecuniary sacrifice and many years of enthusias- tic labor on the part of its late illustrious owner and founder, will not be neglected, but that its efficiency will be increased, and the objects for which it was gathered together attained by contributions from all who may be interested in the advancement of this youngest, most intricate, and most important of the sciences. The Norwegians and Danes of the Scandinavian race, the Bas-Bretons, the Celtic Scotch, Welsh, Spanish, and Portuguese, the ancient and mo- dern Greeks, the Magyar people, the great Tartar and Scythic hordes, the entire Basque family, and many other races, are without a single re- presentative in the Collection. Of the Polar and Tchudic Families it contains but 4 and 9 skulls respectively ; while the ancient Romans and their descendants, the modern Trasteverini beyond the Tiber, the great Sclavic race, and the Berber tribes, are each represented by but one skull. These deficiencies — and many others could easily be particularized — 12 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. are recorded in tlie hope that the attention of the scientific community being directed to them, they will sooner or later be supplied. Hall of the Academy, December, 1855. NOTE. From my paper on the Cranial Characteristics of the Races of Men contributed to the forth-coming work of Messrs. Nott and Gliddon, entitled "Indigenous Races of the Earth," I have selected and embodied in the Catalogue several brief paragraphs descriptive of some of the heads in the Collection. These paragraphs are enclosed in brackets, thus, [ ]. For the use of the wood-cuts which embellish the succeeding pages, and which were originally executed for Crania Americana, Crania ^gyp- tiaca, Types of Mankind, and Indigenous Races of the Earth, I am in- debted to the kindness of Messrs. G. R. Gliddon and R. P. Morton. February. 1857. INTRODUCTION.* I commenced the study of Ethnology in 1830 ; in which year, having occasion to deliver an introductory lecture on Anatomy, it occurred to me to illustrate the difference in the form of the skull as seen in the five great races of men. After the lapse of but twenty years, the fact seems strange even to myself, that when I sought the materials for my proposed lectui-e, I found to my surprise that they could be neither bought nor borrowed, Caucasian and Negro crania were readily procured, and two or three Indian skulls were placed at my disposal; but for the Mongolian and Malay I inquired in vain. I resolved, therefore, to supply this re- markable deficiency in an important branch of science ; and much time> toil, and expense have been rewarded by the acquisition of 867t human skulls and 601 of the inferior animals. Yet I need hardly add, that had it not been for the exertions of my friends in every quarter of the globe my object would have remained unaccomplished. The following pages afibrd emphatic evidence on this point; and it gives me great pleasure thus to record the kindness of those persons who have aided me in an enterprise that, for obvious reasons, has been attended by many diffi- culties. The primary motive in making the following Collection, has been to compare the characters of the cranium in the different races of men, and these again with the skulls of the inferior animals ; not only in reference to exterior form, but also to internal capacity as indicative of the size of the brain. Beside these strictly Ethnographic objects, some others of a different and subordinate kind have been had in view; such as pathological condi- tions of the skull from diseases and from wounds ; remarkable develop- ments illustrative of the principles of Phrenology, and preternatural growths of every description. The Indian crania contained in this series have received my especial attention, both in respect to their number and authenticity, for they have been collected with great care by the gentlemen whose names are asso- ciated with them. In every instance where a doubt is entertained as to the tribe or nation to which the skull belonged, it is expressed by a mark of interrogation ; and where no clue exists for such information, the defi- ciency is noted accordingly. I have sometimes had the skulls of both * Reprinted from the Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals, in the Collection of Samuel George Morton, M. D., Philada , 1849. t Since increased to 1035. 14 INTRODUCTION. Europeans and Africans sent me by mistake for those of Indians ; that these should occasionally be mingled in the same cemeteries is readily understood ; but a practised eye can separate them without difficulty. Large as this Collection already is, a glance at the Ethnological Table will show that it is very deficient in some divisions of the human family. For example it contains no skulls of the Eskimaux, Fuegians, Califor- nians or Brazilians. The distorted heads of the Oregon tribes are also but partially represented, while the long-headed people of the Lake of Titicaca, in Bolivia, are altogether wanting. Skulls of the great divi- sions of the Caucasian and Mongolian races are also too few for satisfac- tory comparison, and the Sclavonic and Tchudic (Finnish) nations, to- gether with the Mongol tribes of Northern Asia and China, are among the especial desiderata of this Collection.* The following analysis exhibits an Ethnographic view of the materials embraced in the entire series.f I. Caucasian Group. 1. Scandinavian Race. Norwegian 1 Swedish Peasants 7 Finland Swedes 2 Sudermanland Swedes 3 Ostrogoth 1 Turannic Swede 1 Oimbric Swedes 3 Swedish Finns 3 21 2. Finnish or Tchudic Race. True Finns. 10 3. Suevic Race. Germans 11 Dutchman 1 Prussians 4 Burgundian 1 17 , 4. AnglO'Saxon. English 4 5. Anglo-American. 8 6. Celtic Race. Irish 8 Celtic (?) heads from Catacombs of Paris 4 Celt (?) from the field of Waterloo.. 1 13 7. Sclavonic Race. Sciavonians 2 8. Pelasgic Race.X Ancient Phoenician 1 Ancient Roman 1 Greek 1 Circassians 4 Armenians C Parsees 2 Affghan 1 Graeco-Egyptians 23 39 * Since this paragraph was written, 6 Eskimo, 2 Californian, 7 Brazilian, 1 Sclavonic, 13 Finnish, 1 Kalmuck, 2 Laplander, 1 Japanese, and 4 Chinese skulls have been added to the Collection. t In consequence of the numerous additions to the Collection since 1849, the above analytical table has been necessarily modified from that presented in the third edition of this Catalogue. It is proper to observe that this table is not an attempt at scientific classification, but simply an arrangement adopted for convenience of study and esami- nation. t Dr. Morton used the term Pelasgic too comprehensively. The Circassians, Arme- nians, and Persians should not be placed in this group. INTRODUCTION. 15 9. Semitic Race. Arabs 5 Hebrews 8 Abyssinian 1 10. Berber Race (.?). 14 1 Guanche. 11. Nilotic Race. Ancient Theban Egyptians 34 " Memphite " It " Abydos " 2 " Alexandrian'' 3 Egyptians from Gizeh 16 Kens or Ancient Nubians 4 Ombite Egyptians 3 Maabdeh Egyptians 4 Miscellaneous 5 Fellahs 19 107 12. Indostanic Race. Ayras (?) 6 Tbuggs 2 Bengalees 32 Uncertain -. 3 13. Indo-Chinese Race. Barmese 2 II. Mongolian Group. 1. Chinese Race. Chinese 11 .Tapanese 1 12 2. Hyperborean Race. Burat Mongol 1 Kamschatkan 1 Kalmuck 1 Laplanders 4 Hybrid Laplander 1 Eskimo 6 14 III. Malay Group. 1. Malayan Race. Malays 24 Dyaks 2 26 2. Polynesian Race. Kanakas Y New Zealanders 4 Marquesas 1 12 IV, American Geodp. 1. Barbarous Race. a. North Americans. Arickarees 3 Assinaboins 3 Chenouks 8 Oregonians 5 Cherokees 6 Chetimaches 2 Chippeways 2 Cotonays 3 Creeks 4 Dacotas 3 Hurons 4 Iroquois 3 Illinois 2 Klikatat 2 Lenapes 10 Mandans 7 Menominees 7 Miamis 12 Minetaris 4 Mohawks 3 Naas 2 Narragansetts 10 Natchez 2 Naticks 5 Nisqually 1 Osages 2 Otoes 4 Ottawas 4 Ottigamies 4 Pawnees 2 Penobscots.. 2 Pottawatomies 4 Sauks 3 Semiaoles 16 Shawnees 4 Shoshones 4 Upsarookas 2 Winnebagos 2 Yamassees 3 Californians 2 Miscellaneous 46 211 b. Central Americans. Maya 1 Fragments from Yucatan 2 c. South Americans. Araucanians 12 From Mounds 2 Charibs 3 Patagonians 3 Brazilians 7 16 INTRODUCTION. 2. Tollecan Race. a. Peruvian Family. Aricans 20 Pachacamac 104 Pisco 62 Santa 8 Lima 7 Callao 3 Miscellaneous 9 Elongated skulls from Titicaca, &c 8 221 h. Mexican Family. Ancient Mexicans...! 24 Modern Mexicans 9 Lipans 2 V. IvEGEO Group. 1. American horn, 2. Native Africans, 3. Hovas, 35 16 4. Alforian Race. Australians 11 Oceanic Negroes 2 119 VI. MixKD Racks. Copts 5 Negroid Egyptians 12 Nubians 4 Hispano-Peruvians 2 Negroid-Indians 3 Hispano-Indian 1 Malayo-Chinese 1 Mulattoes 2 30 VII. Lunatics and Idiots, 18 VIII. Illustrative of Growth, 7 Phrenological Skulls, 2 Nation uncertain, 11 Total, *1035 The letters F. A. express i)i% facial angle, and I. C. refer to the inter- nal capacity of the cranium as obtained by the process invented by my friend, Mr. J. S. Phillips, and described in my Crania Americana, p. 263, merely substituting leaden shot, one-eighth Of an inch in diameter, in place of the white mustard-seed originally used. I thus obtain the absolute capacity of the cranium, or hulk of the hrain, in cubic inches; and the results are annexed in all other instances in which I have had leisure to put this revised mode of measurement in practice. I have restricted it, at least for the purpose of my inferential conclusions, to the crania of persons of sixteen years of age and upwards, at which period the brain is believed to possess the adult size. Under this age, the capacity-measure- ment has only been resorted to for the purpose of collateral comparison. All the measurements in this Catalogue, both of the facial angle and internal capacity, have been made with my own hands. I at one time employed a person to aid me in these elaborate and fatiguing details ; but having detected some errors in his measurements, I have been at the pains to revise all that part of the series that had not been previously measured by myself. I can now, therefore, vouch for the accuracy of these multitudinous data, which I cannot but regard as a novel and im- portant contribution to Ethnological science. It is necessary to add, that the measurements originally published in * There is a discrepancy between this total and the highest number in the Catalogue itself, owing to certain numbers having been cancelled, and not refilled. INTRODUCTION. 17 the Crania Americana were made ■with seeds, which will explain the dis- crepancy between the numbers observable in that work and this Cata- logue. The measurements of the Crania iEgyptiaca having been origin- ally made with shot, require no revision ; nor can I avoid expressing my satisfaction at the singular accuracy of this method, since a skull of an hundred cubic inches, if measured any number of times with reasonable care, will not vary a single cubic inch. I am now engaged in a memoir* which will embrace the detailed con- clusions that result from these data ; and meanwhile I submit the follow- ing tabular view of the prominent facts : — TABLE III. — Showing the Size of the Brain in cubic inches, as obtained from the internal measurement of 663 Crania of various Races and Families ofMan.f RACES AND FAMILIES. NO. OF SKULLS. MoDERS Caucasian Group. Teutonic Familt/. I Swedes - [Germans ) -. — Pru-ssians J {English lAnglo-Americans Tchudic Family. True Finns Celtic Family. Native Irish Pdasgie Family. Persians Armenian.^ Circassians Semitic Fhmily. Arabs Nilotic Family. Fellahs Indostanic Family. Ayras Bengalees AN'CIENT CACCASLiN GROUP. S3 \ Pdasgie Family. ^ g I Gra;co-Egyptians So I Nilotic Family. ^5 J Egyptians Mongolian Group. Chine.'ie Family Hyperborean FUmily Malay Group. Malayan Family Polynesian Family AJiEBiCAN Group. ToUecan Family Peruvians Mexicans Barbarous Tribes. Iroquois Lenape Cherokee Shoshonfi, &c Xesro Group. American-bnm Negroes Native African Fhmily Bbttentot Family Alforian Fiimily Australians Oceanic Negroes 11 15 5 7 9 6 10 3 18 8 25 18 65 10 152 25 164 LARGEST 1. C. 108.25 114 105 97 112.5 97 97 102 97 90.5 101 92 104 65 70 91 82 81.5 78 93 95 96 90 94.3 87 73 68 70 78.75 J- 93.5 78 87 80 85 89 86 84.3 75.3 81.7 84 12 86 73 80.8 64 99 65 83.7 3 83 68 75.3 8 83 63 75 2 77 76 1 76.5 J81.7 80.3 1 82.: ,25 * Dr. Morton died before this memoir was completed. Extracts from it wiU be found in the fore- going Explanatory Note. 1 1 have enlarged this Table by the addition of 40 measurements, with thecffectof increai-ing the mean cranial capacity of the Teutonic Family, the Mongolian and American Groups, by 1.5, 5, and 1.3 cubic inches respectively, and slightly diminishing that of the Negro Group. In the preceding Explanatory Note the reader will find a more detailed account of these measurements, together with others which have been made since Dr. Morton's death. 18 INTRODUCTION. In this table the measurements of children, idiots and mixed races are omitted, excepting only in the instance of the Fellahs of Egypt, who, however, are a blended stock of two Caucasian nations, — the true Egyp- tian and the intrusive Arab, in which the characteristics of the former greatly predominate. No mean has been taken of the Caucasian race* collectively, because of the very great preponderance of Hindu, Egyptian, and Fellah skulls over those of the Germanic, Pelasgic and Celtic families. Nor could any just collective comparison be instituted between the Caucasian and Negro groups in such a table, unless the small-brained people of the latter divi- sion (Hottentots, Bushmen and Australians) were proportionate in number to the Hindoos, Egyptians and Fellahs of the other group. Such a com- putation, were it practicable, would probably reduce the Caucasian average to about 87 cubic inches, and the Negro to 78 at most, perhaps even to 75, and thus confirmatively establish the difference of at least nine cubic inches between the mean of the two races. f Philadelphia, Nov. 1, 1849. * It is necessary to explain what is here meant by the word race. Further researches into Ethnographic affinities will probably demonstrate that what are now termed the jivt races of men, would be more appropriately called groups — that each of these groups is again divisible into a greater or smaller number of primary races, each of which has ex- panded from an aboriginal nucleus or centre. Thus I conceive that there were several centres for the American group of races, of which the highest in the scale are the Tolte- can nations, the lowest the Fuegians. Nor does this view conflict with the general prin- ciple, that all these nations and tribes have had, as I have elsewhere expressed it, a com- mon origin ; inasmuch as by this term is only meant an indigenous relation to the country they inhabit, and that collective identity of physical traits, mental and moral endowments, language, &c., which chracterize all the American races. The same remarks are appli- cable to all the other human races ; but in the present infant state of Ethnographic sci' ence, the designation of these primitive centres is a task of equal delicacy and difficulty' I may here observe, that whenever I have ventured an opinion on this question, it has been in favor of the doctrine o{ primeval diversities among men — an original adaptation of the several races to those varied circumstances of climate and locality, which, while conge- nial to the one, are destructive to the other; and subsequent investigations have confirmed me in these views, SeeCrajiiaA7nericana,p.3; Crania JEgypliaea, ^,Z1 ; Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 36 ; Sillimans American Journal of Saence and the Arts, 1847; and my letter to J. R. Bartlett, Esq., in Vol.2 of the Tran- sactions of the Ethnological Society of New York. t From the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for Sep- tember and October, 1819. C A_T A.LOGTJE. I. CAUCASIAN GROUP. I. SCANDINAVIAN RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 1260. Cast of a Norwegian skull. From Prof. Eetzius, of Stock- holm, A. D. 1845. [Tliis cast is remarkable for its great size. It belongs to the dolicho- cephalic variety of Retzius. The fronto-parietal convexity is reo'u- lar from side to side. The occipital region as a whole is quite pro- minent ; but the basal portion of the occiput is flat and parallel with the horizon when the head rests squarely upon the lower jaw. The glabella, superciliary ridges, and external angular processes of the OS frontis are very rough and prominent, overhanging the orbits and inter-orbital space in such a manner as to give a very harsh and forbidding expression to the face. The semi-circular ridges passing back from the external angular process, are quite elevated and sharp. The nasal bones are high and rather sharp at the line of junction ; orbits spacious ; malar bones of moderate size, and flattened antero-laterally ; superior maxilla rather small in com- parison with the inferior, which is quite large, and much flared out at the angles. The facial angle is good, and the whole head strongly marked.] 1. 117. Swede. 2. 1247, Swedish peasant : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 85. 3. 1249. Swedish woman of the 13th century, aetat. 60. I. C. 88. 4. 1258. Cast of the skull of a Swedish child. 5. 1486. Swedish peasant : man, aetat. 80. I. C. 99. 6. 1487. Swedish peasant : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 65. 7. 1488. Swedish child of four years. The six preceding skulls are from Prof. Retzius, of Stockholm, A. D. 1845 and 1850. 20 CATALOGUE OP []The Swedish form of skull, judging from the above specimens, bears a family resemblance to the Norwegian, and in several respects is not unlike the Anglo-Saxon head figured in the first decade of the Crania Britannica of Messrs. Davis and Thurnam. In theAnglo- Saxon, however, the chin is more acuminated, and the maxillary rami longer. The chief points of resemblance about the calvaria, are the slightly elevated forehead, the rather flattened vertex, and the inclination of the parietalia downwards and backwards towards the occiput. This latter feature is also possessed by the Norwe- gian cast referred to above.] 8. 1545. Swede from Finland. I. C. 107.5. F. A. 86°. 9. 1546. Swede from Finland. I. C 93.75. F. A. 83°. Man named Carl Bli, from Borga Parish, in the Province of Nyland. For vagrancy he was imprisoned May 17th, 1831, and in default of bail, sentenced to a half-year's hard labor. He died setat. 64 years. Nos. 1545 and 1546, descendants of colonists who settled in Finland in the most remote times. 10. 1547. Swede from Sudermanland. F. A. 83°. I. C. 102. 11. 1548, Swede from Sudermanland. F. A. 85°. I. C 94. 12. 1549. Swede from Sudermanland. F. A. 86°. I. C. 108.25. Nos. 1545 to 1549, inclusive, were presented by Professor Retzius, of Stockholm, just after the death of Dr. Morton. 13. 1255. Skull of an ancient Ostrogoth, from a burial-ground of Os- trogothia, in Sweden. Woman, getat. 50. I. C. 80. 14. 121. TuRANNic Swede. 15. 1532. Ancient CiMBRic inhabitant of Sweden. I. C. 80. F. A. 85^\ From Professor Retzius, after Dr. Morton's decease. 16. 1550. Ancient Cimbric Swede. F. A. 88°. I. 0. 94. Probably descended from the oldest Scytho-Turannic inhabitants, (Brachy-cephali ?) who always have black hair, and are of small stature. From Professor Retzius with No. 1582. 17. 1362. Cast of the skull of an ancient Cimbrian, from the Danish Island of Moen. Prof. Retzius. 1. 1542. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 81^.5. I. C. 89. Man, named Elias Alhonen, from Lampis Parish, in the Province of Fosdelhuus. For committing murder he was imprisoned (May 8th, 1840,) in the Fort to hard labor for life. Died in the Laza- retto, setat. 62 years. HUMAN CRANIA. 21 2. 1543. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 80^'. I. C. 85. 3. 1544. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 77''. I. C. 85.25. [In No. 1249 the singularly protuberant occiput projects far behind the foramen magnum. Nos. 1255, 1550 and 1532 evidently belong to the same peculiar type. These four heads resemble each other as strongly as they differ from the remaining Swedes, Finns, Ger- mans, and Kelts in the collection. They call to mind the kumbe- kephalae, or boat-shaped skulls described by Prof. Wilson in his Pre-historic Annals of Scotland. No. 1362; presents the same elongated form. It differs from the four preceding skulls in being larger, more massive, and broader in the forehead. Nos. 117, 1258, and 1488 possess the true Swedish form as described above.. Nos. 1545 and 1546 are broader, more angular, and less oval than the true Swedish form. The horizontal portion of the occiput is quite flat, and the occipital protuberance prominent. The three Suder- manland Swedes have the same general form, while the three Swedish Finns have a more squarely globular, and less oval cranium than the true Swedes. In No. 121 the posterior region of the calvaria is broader, and does not slope away so much. In general configuration this cranium approaches the brachy-cephalic class of Ketzius.] 1. 1534. True Finn. 2. 1535. True Finn. 3. 1536, True Finn. II. FINNISH RACE. {Case 1.) I. C. 94.5. F. A. 87^. I. C. 97.5. F. A. 84.5' I. C. 112.5. F. A. 88°. 4. 1537. True Finn. Finn (ISSV). I. C. 84.25. F. A. 82.5''. 22 CATALOGUE OP [The Finnish skull has a square or somewhat angularly round appear- ance. The antero-posterior diameter being comnaratively short, it falls within the brachy-cephalic class of Ketzius. The forehead is broad, though less, expansive than in the true Germanic race. This frontal breadth, the lateral expansion of the parietalia, and the flat- ness of the OS occipitis, give to the coronal region, when viewed perpendicularly, a square, or rather slightly oblong appearance. The face is longer and less broad than in the Mongolian head, while the lower jaw is larger, and the chin more prominent. Hence, the lower part of the face is advanced, somewhat in the manner of the Sclavonian face. The whole head is rather massive and rude in structure, the bony prominences being strongly cha- racterized, and the sutures well defined. The general configura- tion of the head is European, bearing certain resemblances, how- ever, to the Mongolian on the one hand, and the Sclavonian on the other.] 5. 1538. True Finn. I. C. 105. F. A. 83°. . 6. 1539. True Finn. I. C. 81.5. F. A. 85°. A laborer, named Matts Johansson Lans, from the city of Abo. Convicted of deser- tion and theft while in the Emperor's service, he was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment, and died, aet. 22 years, in the Prisoners' Lazaretto. 7. 1540. True Finn. I. C. 88.5. F. A. 84°. A man named Jacob Nurkkala, alias Karry, from Storkyro Parish, in the Pro- vince of Wasa, who, for committing burglary for the third time, was imprisoned July 6th, 1835, to hard labor in the Fort for life. He died in the Lazaretto, aet. 59 years. 8. 1541. True Finn. I. C. 99. F. A. 83°. The preceding 11 skulls were sent to the Academy by Professor Retzius, of Stockholm, just after the demise of Dr. Morton. 9. 1252. Skull of a Finland woman, from the Parish of Kemi, setat. 40. L C. 86. 10. 1259. Cast of the skull of a Finlander. Prof Retzius, 1845. III. SUEVIC RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 37. German : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 90. [Round form.] 2. 706. German ? man, stat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 94. 3. 1060. German of Tubingen : woman, cetat. 30. I. C. 70. HUMAN CRANIA. 23 4. 1063. German of Tubingen : man, a3tat. 40. I. C 86. [Square form; occiput flattened ; face large and long.] 5. 1064. German of Tubingen : woman, eetat. 40. I. C. 91. [Has the Swedish or Northern angular oval, a type distinct from the oval of Southern Europe, with which hasty observers are apt to confound it. It is a well-formed head, and in some respects resembles the Anglo-Saxon skull figured in Crania Britannica.~\ 6. 1188. German of Tubingen : man, ^tat. 30. I. C. 85. [Resem- bles the preceding skull in form.] 7. 1189. German of Tubingen : man, setat. 40. I. C 78. [Bears the Swedo-Finuic type.] 8. 1190. German dwarf: female of Tubingen, 20 years of age and three feet in height. I. C. 46.5. 9. 1191. German of Frankfort: man, ^tat. 70. I. C. 95. [Ap- proximates the square form.] 10. 1062. German of Frankfort-on-the-Main : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 93. 11. 1187. German of Frankfort-on-the-Main: man, setat. 50. I. C. 104. For the preceding 8 skulls of the Germanic or Teutonic Race, I am indebted to Dr. George Engelraann, now of St. Louis, Missouri. 1. 434. A Dutchman of noble family, born in Utrecht, and for several years a captain in the army at Batavia, in the Island of Java, where he died under thirtyyearsof age. He was handsome, not de- ficient in talent, and of an amiable disposition, but devoted to con- viviality and dissipation, which finally destroyed him. Dr. Doornik, late of Batavia, from whom I obtained this cranium, gave me the above facts from personal knowledge. F. A. 81°. I. C. 114. [The calvaria is very large ; the face rather small, delicate, well- formed, and tapering towards the chin. The frontal diameter or breadth between the temples, is 4^ inches; the greatest breadth between the parietal protuberances is 61 inches; the antcro-poste- rior or longitudinal diameter is 7| inches; the height, measured from the anterior edge of the foramen magnum, in a direct line to the sagittal suture, 5^ inches. A certain angularity or squareness of the frontal and posterior bi-parietal regions, gives to this head the Teutonic form. The posterior or occipital region is flat and broad, and presents to the eye a somewhat pentagonal outline. The temporal regions are full, the mastoid processes large, and the basis cranii nearly round. The outline of the coronal region 24 CATALOGUE OP resembles a triangle, truncated at the apex. This latter feature is also seen in one of the Finnic skulls (No. 1538).] 1. 1065. Prussian of Berlin: man, aetat. 30. I. C. 92. 2. 1066. Prussian of Berlin : man, setat. 40. I. C. 80. 3. 1192. Prussian of Berlin : woman, getat. 25. I. C. 82. 4. 1193. Prussian of Berlin : woman, aetat. 20. I. G. 80. The preceding 4 crania from Dr. Geo. Engelmann. 1. 1533. Fragments of an Ancient Burgundian skull, from a tomb near Lausanne in Switzerland. Procured by Mr. Troyon, a cele- brated Archaeologist, who considers this skull to have been 2000 years in the tomb. Presented by Prof. Retzius subsequent to Dr. Morton's death. lY. ANGLO-SAXON RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 80. Skull of an Englishman named Samuel Gwillym, a con- vict in Australia, whose history is thus briefly given by my friend Dr. C. Huifnagle, now of Calcutta : — " Transported to Yan Diemen's land in 1820 for house-breaking ; was orderly on ship-board, but subsequently robbed his master, for which he was sent for two years to Maria Island : while there was flogged for comhination, and also received 100 lashes for stealing articles from the wreck of the Apollo. Returning to Yan Diemen's land he was fined twice for drunkenness ; and was executed there on the 16th of March, 1837, for the murder of Mary Mills, a young woman whom he had previously violated.'' I. C. 91. [This skull belongs to the dolicho-cephalic class, but is not strictly oval, being flattened posteriorly. In general configuration it re- sembles the Northern or Gothic style of head. The face bears the Finnic stamp.] 2. 539. Skull of James Moran, an Englishman, who was executed at Philadelphia for piracy and murder. May 19, 1837. ^Etat. 20. F. A. 79°. I. C. 92. [This skull is long, flat on the top, and broad between the parietal bones. The posterior portion of the occiput is prominent, the basal surface is flat. In its general outline, the calvaria approaches the kumbe-kephalic form.] 3. 991. English soldier? from Bloody Pond, near Lake George, New York; the scene of Montcalm's massacre of the English HUMAN CRANIA. 25 garrison, A. D. 1757. F. A. 82°. I. C. 105. Jacob Morris, Esq., of Philadelphia. 4. 59. Anglo-Saxon head : skull of Pierce,* a convict and canni- bal, who was executed in New South Wales, A. D. 18—. F. A. 85°. I. C. 99. [A long and strictly oval head.] V. ANGLO-AMERICAN RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 7. Anglo-American : female, aetat. nearly 100 years. I. C. 83. [Germanic form.] 2. 24. Anglo-American : female with an open frontal suture. Fille-de-joie, aetat. 26 years. F. A. 77". I. C. 82. [Interme- diate in form between the German and Swedish types.] 3. 88. Anglo-American : child. Dr. F. Turnpenny. 4. 98. Anglo-American ? Remarkable for the fulness of the occipital region, and obliquity of the foramen magnum. [Germa- nic form.] 5. 552. Anglo-American : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 97. This skull belonged to the collection of the late Dr. Doornik, and was pre- sented to me with other crania, by Dr. Jones, of New Orleans, * A letter addressed to me by "Wm. Cobb Huriy, Esq., of Calcutta, contains the following particulars of this man's singular career : — " With regard to the cannibal Pierce, all that is known of him is, that he was a native of Scotland, or the north of Ireland, and a seaman. He was a convict in Van Diemen's land, and escaped with others into the woods. Hunger com- pelled them to prey upon each other, till only Pierce and another were left. A romantic tale might be made from Pierce's own narrative of the feelings with which these two men watched each other, till, overcome with fatigue, the last of the band fell a victim. Pierce Avas relieved by a party who fell in with him, and the cannibalism of which he was guilty being attributed to necessity, was not punished. From that time his propensities acquired their full development and he succeeded repeatedly in persuading his fellow prisoners to escape with him, for the sole purpose of killing them and devouring their flesh. He used to return secretly to the depot, and persuade a fresh victim that he had been sent by others who were waiting in the woods. He was at last caught ; and bein"- asked if he knew where one of his companions was, deliberately pulled an arm out of his jacket and showed it to the soldiers. Mr. Crockett, from whom I had this account, and who gave me the skull, is the Colonial Surgeon, and attended Pierce in the hospital both before and subsequently to his crimes. He stated to me his conviction that Pierce was insane, which, however, did not prevent him from being hanged." 26 CATALOGUE OP through B. F. French, Esq. [In form it resembles the Norwegian skull.] 6. 899. Anglo-American : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91. 7. 1108. Anglo-American : man. I. C. 95. Dr. C. H. Came- ron. [Northern or Gothic form.] 8. 724. Conical skull of a white woman, aetat. 40, of whose history nothing is known. 1839. I. C. 81. VI. CELTIC RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 18. Celtic Irish : from the Abbey of Buttevant, county of Cork, Ireland. Woman, »tat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 78. See No. 52. [Form intermediate between the Cimbric and Swedish types.] 2. 21. Celt : supposed to be a British soldier, killed at the battle of Chippeway. ^tat. 40. I. C 93. This skull is remarkable for the great size of the superciliary ridges ; that of the right side hav- ing a corresponding frontal sinus, that on the left being represented by solid bone upwards of half an inch in horizontal thickness. Dr. Mickle, 1831. [In this head the Gothic calvarial form is asso- ciated with a heavy, massive face.] 3. 42. Celtic Irishman, aged 21, imprisoned for larceny, and in all respects a vicious and refractory character. Died A. D. 1831. I. C. 97. [Approaches the square Germanic form.] 4. 52. Celtic Irish from the Abbey of Buttevant, County of Cork, Ireland. Woman, setat. 50. F. A. 80o. I. C. 82. Dr. Smith (Hist, of the County of Cork) says that these are the bones of the Irish slain at the battle of Knockinoss, A. D. 15 — . [The same form as the preceding.] . 5. 985. Celtic Irish: man, setat. 60. F. A. 77° I. C. 93. [This head being rather broad between the parietal tubers, approxi- mates the Gothic type. The face resembles that of some of the Finns, but is smaller and less massive.] 6. 986. Anglo-Irish : girl, aetat. 12. 7. 1186. Irish cranium from Mayo county. [Belongs to the peculiar boat-shaped Cimbric type.] 8. 1356. Cast of the skull of one of the ancient Celtic race of Ireland. Prof. Retzius. [This head, the largest in the group, is very long, clumsy and massive in its general appearance. The forehead is low, broad, and ponder- ous ; the occiput heavy and very protuberant ; the basis crauii long, HUMAN CRANIA. 27 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. broad, and flat ; the orbits capacious ; and the distance from the root of the nose to the upper alveolus quite short. In its general form, it very much resembles the Cimbric skull, No. 1362. The Cimbric type, however, is somewhat narrower in the frontal region, and widens more posteriorly towards the parietal protuberances.] 661. Celtic (?) skull, | obtained from the Catacombs at Paris by 662. Celtic (?) skull, ( ^^^ ^^^^ j^^ ^^^^^^ Presented by Mr- 663. Celtic (?) skull, rjj^^l^^^ 664. Celtic (?) skull, ) 1564. Celtic (?) skull from the field of Waterloo. Presented by Mr. Harlan. [The very heavy skull from the field of Waterloo (No. 1564) is strictly and beautifully oval. Of the four heads from the Catacombs at Paris, three are decidedly brachy-cephalic, and one of the Germanic form.] VII. SCLAVONIC RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 1251. ScLAVONiAN, from Olmutz, in Moravia : woman, aetat. 30. SCLAVONIAN (1251). [This skull presents the following characters :-=-General form of the head globular, though wanting in symmetry, in consequence of the posterior portion of the right parietal bone being more fully de- veloped than the corresponding portion of the left ; the calvaria quite large in proportion to the face, and broadest posteriorly be- tween the parietal protuberances; the forehead is high, and mode- rately broad ; the vertex presents a somewhat flattened appearance, in consequence of sloping downwards and backwards towards the occiput; the occipital region is also flat, and the breadth between 28 CATALOGUE OF the mastoid processes very great. The face is small and delicate, the nasal bones prominent, the orbits of moderate size, the malar bones flat and delicately rounded, and the zygomatic processes small and slender. The lower jaw is rather small, rounded at the an- gles, and quite acuminated at the symphysis. If classified according to its form, this head would find its place near to, if not between, the Kalmuck and Turkish types.] 2. 1253. Cast of a Sclavonian head from Morlack, in Dalmatia. Nos. 1251 and 1253 from Prof. Retzius. VIII. PELASGIC RACE. {Case 2.) 1. 1352, Ancient Phenician ? I received this highly interesting relic from M. F. Fresnel, the distin- guished French archaeologist and traveller, with the following memo- randum, A. D. 1847 : — " Crane provenant des caves sepulchrales de Ben-Djemma, dans Tile de Make. Ce crane parait avoir appartenu a uu individu de la race qui, dans les temps les plus anciens, occupait la cote septentrionale de I'Afrique, et les iles adjacentes." Phenician (1352). [This cranium is the one alluded to in the interesting anecdote narrated by the late Dr. Patterson, in his graceful memoir, as illustrating the wonderful power of discrimination, the tactusvisus, acquired by Dr. Morton in his long and critical study of crani- ology.* From this circumstance, and from the many singular and interesting associations inseparably connected with its antiquity, the introduction of the above figure cannot fail to be received with a * See Types of Mankind, p. xl. HUMAN CRANIA. 29 lively sense of interest by those engaged in these studies. It is in many respects a peculiar skull. In a profile view, the eye quickly notices the remarkable length of the occipito-mental diameter. This feature gives to the whole head an elongated appearance, which is much heightened by the general narrowness of the calva- ria, the backward slope of the occipital region, and the strong prog- nathous tendency of the maxillae. The contour of the coronal region is a long oval, which recalls to mind the kumbe-kephalic form of Wilson. The moderately well-developed forehead is nota- ble for its regularity. In its form and general characters the face is mi generis. It may not inaptly be compared to a double wedge, for the facial bones are not only inclined downwards and remarkably forward, thus tapering towards the chin, but also in consequence of the flatness of the malar bones and the inferior maxillary rami they appear laterally compressed, sloping gently, on both sides, from behind forwards, towards the median line. The lower jaw is large, and much thrown forwards. The slope of the superior max- illa forms an angle with the horizon of about 45°. Notwithstandina- this inclination of the maxilla, the incisor teeth are so curved as to be nearly vertical. Hence the prognathism of the jaws is quite peculiar, differing, as it does, from that of the Eskimo and true African skulls presently to be noticed.] 1. 1049. Fragments of an ancient Koman? head, from a tomb on the road between Cumaa and the ruins of Baiae, near the latter place, A. D. 1841. Dr. M. Burrough. 1. 1354. Cast of the skull of a young Greek, Prof. Retzius. [The calvarial region is well developed ; the frontal expansive and prominent ; the facial line departs but slightly from the perpen- dicular, and the facial angle consequently approaches a right ano'le. A small and regularly-formed face, devoid of asperities, harmonizes well with the general intellectual character of the head proper. The malar bones are small, flat, and smooth, with just enouo-h lateral prominence to give to the face an oval outline ; the alveolar mar- gins of the maxillae are regularly arched, and the teeth perpen- dicular.] Circassians. 1. 762. Saraska, or pure Circassian : man, setat. 30. F. A. 75° I. C. 94. 2. 763. Circassian woman, tetat. 50. F. A. 81". I, C. 81. 30 CATALOGUE OP 3. 764. Circassian man, setat. 40. F. A. 78°. I. C. 90. 1. 2. o O. 4. 5. 6. Circassian (T64). [The calvaria of No. 764 is well developed and regularly arched, and in size considerably exceeds tlie face. The proportions between the vertical, transverse, and longitudinal diameters are such as to con- vey to the eye an impression of harmony and regularity of structure. The high and broad forehead forms with the parietal region a con- tinuous and symmetrical convexity. The occiput is full and pro- minent. The face is strongly marked ; the orbits moderate in size ; the nasal bones prominent ; the malar bones small and rounded j the teeth vertical ; the maxillae of medium size, and the chin pro- minent. The fulness of the face, its oval contour, and general want of angularity, decidedly separate this head from the Mongo- lian type, as represented by the Kalmuck skull. No. 1553.] . 765. Circassian : woman, setat. 18. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79. Armenians. 789. Armenian : girl, setat. 16. I. C. 86. 790. Armenian child of twelve years. 791. Armenian : man, aetat. 80. I. C. 83. 792. Armenian girl of fourteen years ? 793. Armenian : man, setat. 75. I. C. 80. 794. Armenian : man, setat. 60. I. C. 80. Pe7'sians. 1. 731. Parsee, or Persian fire-worshipper, from the "Tower of Silence," Bombay, India : woman, astat. 40. I. C. 75. 2. 743. Parsee, or Persian fire-worshipper, from the " Tower of Silence," near Bombay : woman, setat. 50. I. C. 89. The 12 preceding skulls from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. HUMAN CRANIA. 31 3. 1333. Affghan boy, about 16 years of age, killed at Jugdalluk during the memorable massacre of the 44th English reo-iment A D. 1845. [A general family resemblance pervades all these crania. They are all, with one exception, remarkable for the smallness of the face, and shortness of the head. In the Armenian skull, the forehead is narrow but well formed, the convexity expanding upwards and backwards towards the parietal protuberances, and laterally towards the temporal bones. The greatest transverse diameter is between the parietal bosses. This feature, combined with the flatness of the occiput, gives to the coronal region an outline somewhat re- sembling a triangle with all three angles truncated, and the base of the triangle looking posteriorly. In fact, the whole form of the calvaria is such as to impress the mind of the observer with a sense of squareness and angularity. The dimensions of the orbits are moderate; the malar bones small, flat, and retreating; the zygo- matic processes slender, and the general expression of the face re- sembling that of the Circassians, from which latter it diff'ers in being shorter. The Persian head is less angular, the frontal region broader, the occiput fuller, and the malar bones larger. The lower jaw is small and rather round. The Afighan skull resembles in several respects, the Hindoo type.] Grceco-Egyptians. Nos. 798 to 804 are ancient Egyptians from the necropolis of Mem- phis, north-west of the Pyramid of Five-Steps, viz : — 1. 798. Pelasgic or Gras co-Egyptian form. F. A. 80° I. C. 84, Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 6. Under this name I embrace all those crania that conform to the highest Caucasian type. The Egyptian or Nilotic form includes the pure Egyptian race. The Negroid form expresses that mixture of the Egyptian and Negro in which the latter predominates. See Crania ^gyptiaca, passim. 2. 799. Pelasgic form : man, aetat. 35. F. A. 82°. I. C 87. Cra- nia ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 4, 3. 801. Pelasgic form : woman, jetat, 25. 4. 804. Pelasgic form : girl, aetat. 12. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig, 3, 5. 808. Pelasgic form. F. A. 77°. 1. C. 97, Crania iEgypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 1. 32 Pelasgic (808). 6. 812. Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Crania Jilgyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 3. Pelasgic (812). 7. 814. Pelasgic form : man, setat.90. I. C. 97. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 5. 8. 815. Pelasgic form. F. A. 81°. I. C. 88. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 2. Pelasgic (815). 9. 817. Pelasgic form. F. A. 80°. I. C. 89. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 5, fig. 3. 10. 821. Pelasgic form. F. A. 79°. I. C. 74. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 12, fig. 6. 11. 824. Infantile mummy. 12. 825. Pelasgic form. Memphite necropolis. F. A. 81°. I. C. 93. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 9. 13. 856, Pelasgic form. I. C. 87. Crania -iEgyptiaca, plate 9. HUMAN CRANIA. 33 The two following crania were found by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer, in the gallery leading to the newly discovered chamber in the Pyramid of Five Steps, at Saccara. These are, perhaps, the most ancient human remains extant. Mr. Perring is of opinion that they date with the erection of the Pyramid, and are therefore in all pro- bability upwards of 4000 years old. See Vyse, Pyramids of Gizeh, vol iii. p. 44. 14. 837. Pelasgic form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 83°. I. C. 97. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate ], fig. 2. 15. 838. Pelasgic form : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C 90. Crania jEgyptiaca, plate 1, fig. 1. 16. 840. Pelasgic form : man. F. A. 79°. I. C 89. Skull ob- tained from a tumulus recently opened at the ancient quarries of Toora, (on the left bank of the Nile, seven miles above Cairo,) whence was taken the stone used in building the Pyramids of Gizeh, and other and much later structures in Egypt. The bodies were covered with coarse matting, and enclosed in sarcophagi, and are doubtless the remains of quarrymen. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 9. 17. 850. Pelasgic form : man, getat. 70. I. C. 86. Crania iEgypti- aca,plate 6, fig. 4. 18. 859. Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 80. Hair long and fine. I. Crania jiEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 5. Pelasgic form : child. Pelasgic ? form : man of 80. I. C. 88. Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 70, with long, fine hair. I. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 9. Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 30, with a profusion of long, silky hair. Crania yEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 8. C. 82. 19. 868. 20. 873. 21. 875. C.73. 22. 884. Pklasgic (884). 23. 893. Pelasgic form : man of 60. Thebes. F. A. 81^. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 3. Nos. 798 to 893 fiom G. 11. Gliddon, Esq. 34 CATALOGUE OF IX. SEMITIC RACE. {Case 2.) Arabs. 1. 780. Baramka, or Barmecide Arab of Gemardasli : man, setat. 80. F. A. 76°. I. C. 86. - 2. 781. Baramka : man, »tat. 40. F. A. 88°. I. C. 84. B. 784. Bedouin of the Eastern Desert : man, getat. 60. L C. 98. 4. 1296. Cranium of an embalmed body taken by Mr. Fresnel, A. D. 1839, from one of tbe hypogea called Maghair-Slmdyh, or Grot- toes of Jethro, in Midian, east of tbe Gulf of Akaba, in Arabia Petrsea. M. Fresnel, through Mr. Gliddon. Nos. 780 to 1296 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. [These four heads are characterised by a low, recedent forehead, a broad and flattened occipital region, and a comparatively short occipito-frontal diameter. They fall within the brachy-cephalic class, and have therefore been separated from the group of longer and more oval Fellah skulls. (See pages 43-4).] 5, 671, Os Frontis of a Midianite. Hebrews (.^) 1. 1299. Cast in plaster of a bas-relief Semitio head brought by M. Botta from the ruins of Khorsabad. G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 1846. 2. 807. Semitic ? form : man, 8etat. 30. F. A. 74'^. I. C. 88. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 8. 3. 818. Semitic form. F. A. 77^. I. C. 69. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 4. 4. 842. Semitic form. Thebes : man, setat. 40, with smooth, brown hair. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 2. Semitic (842). 5. 845. Semitic ? form : man, with fine hair. I. C. 92. Thebes Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, figs. 1, 2, HUMAN CRANIA. 35 (). 865. Sejiitic form : man, setat. 40, Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 2. 7. 870. Semitic form : man, aetafc. 30, with fine hair cut close. I. C. 79. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 8. 8. 879. Semitic form : man, getat. 50. Crania j^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig- 2, Nos. 807 to 879 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 1. 1361. Cast of the skull of an Abyssinian woman. Prof. Retzius. X. BERBER RACE. {Case 2.) 1. 23. GuANCHE, from a cave in the island of Palma, one of the Canaries : man, eetat, 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 85. Dr. J. C. Warren. XI. NILOTIC RACE. {Case 2.) Ancient TJieban Egyptians. 1 . 48. Embalmed head of an Egyptian girl eight years of age, from the Theban catacombs. Egyptian form, with a single lock of long fine hair. Dissected by me before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, December 10, 1833. 2. 60i Embalmed head of an Egyptian lady about 16 years of age, brought from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes, by the late Antonio Lebolo, of whose heirs I purchased it, together with the entire body : the latter I dissected before the Academy of Natural Sciences, on the 10th and 17th of December, 1833, in presence of eighty members and others. Egyptian form, with long, fine hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 6. Egyptian (843). 8. 843. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30, with long, fine hair. I, C. 74. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 4. IjQ CATALOGUE OP 844. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30, with long, fine hair. C. 68. Thebes. Crania jEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 1. I. Egyptian (844.) 5. 846. Egyptian form : youth of 18. Hair dark and fine. I. G. 87. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 1. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13, Egyptian (846). The following crania, Nos. 847 to 861, inclusive, (nine in number,) are from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes. This valuable series was obligingly presented to me by M. Clot Bey, Chief of the Medical Staff of the Viceroy of Egypt. 847. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76^^. I. C. 68. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 5. 848. Egyptian form : woman of 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Crania .Egyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 4. 849. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 81. 851. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 35. F. A. 80°. I. C 79. Crania J^gyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 1. 853. Egyi'TIAN form : man, aetat. 50. I. C 95. Crania iEgypti- aca, page 17. 854. Egyptian form : girl of 16. Crania .iEgyptiaca, plate 7,fig. 6. 855. Egyptian form : girl of 18, with very fine, longhair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 9. 860. Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 82°. I. C SO. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 1. HUMAN CRANIA. 87 14. 861. Egyptian form: man, astat. 50. F. A. 78°. I. C.96. Crania .^gyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 2. (Cases 2-3.) The following fifteen heads, 862 to 889, inclusive, were obtained bj Mr. Gliddon from the Theban Catacombs. 15. 862. Egyptian form : man, astat. 60, with long, fine hair. I. C. 79. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 3. 16. 866. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20, with long, fine hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 5. 17. 867. Egyptian form : man of 50, with fine, dark hair. F. A. 78°. I. C. 86. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 8. 18. 871. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 20. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 4. 19. 872. Egyptian form : woman, jctat. 50, with long, fine hair. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 2. 20. 876. Egyptian form : man, with fine hair. I. C. 83. Crania .^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 9. Egyptian (SYT) 21. 877. Egyptian form : man, getat. 40, with fine hair and a short beard. I. C 89. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 5. Egyptian (878). 22. 878. Egyptian form : man, .-ctat. 50, with long smooth hair. I. C. 77. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 1. 38 CATALOGUE OF 23. 880. Egyptian form : woman ? of 40, witli short, fine hair. F. A. 80°. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 7. 881. Egyptian form : girl of 17. Resembles the Hindu type. F. A. 80°. I. C. 71. Crania ^gyptiaea, plate 6, fig. 6. 882. Egyptian form : juvenile female head, with long, fine hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 7. 883. Egyptian form : man, setat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 82. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 6. 886. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 76. 887. Egyptian form : child of 12 years, with long, fine hair. 889. Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. I. C. 83. Crania ^gyp- tiaca, plate 6, fig. 7. 894. Egyptian form : child of 9 years. Thebes. 31. 1044. Embalmed head of a Theban lady of 30 years. Mr. Gliddon. This head, with its long oval cranium, receding forehead, gently aqua- line nose, retracted chin, and long, fine hair, may serve as a type of the pure Egyptian stock ; a people indigenous to the valley of the Nile ; Caucasian in physical lineaments and philological relations, and constituting one of the several primordial centres of that widely- extended race. See Crania ^gyptiaca, pages 17, 37; and Trans- actions of the Ethnological Society of New York, vol. ii. p. 219. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2S. 29. 30. Embalmed female head from the Catacombs of Thebes. No. 1044. 32. 1290. Ancient Egyptian, from a tomb at Thebes. Egyptian form. I. C. 82. HUMAN CRANIA. 89 33. 1293. Embalmed head from Thebes. Egyptian form : woman, aetat, 40, with long, fine hair. 34. 1295. Embalmed head of an infant at birth. From Thebes. Nos. 1290 to 1295, inclusive, were presented by A. C. Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt, A. D. 1846. ' Ancient Memphite Egyptians. (^Case 3.) 1. 796. Egyptian form. F. A. 75°. I. C 80. Crania ^gyptiaca, page 7. 2. 797. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 76. Crania iEgyptiaca, page 7. Nos. 796 and 797 were exhumed from the front of the First or Northern Brick Pyramid of Dashour, Memphite necropo- lis, by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer. See Vyse's Pyramids of Gizeh, vol. iii. page 60. (For No. 795 see Copfs.) Nos. 805 to 816, ancient mummied Egyp- tians from various parts of the Necropo- lis of Memphis. From Gr. K. Gliddon, Esq. 3. 805. Egyptian form : man, retat. 50. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79. Crania uEgyp- tiaca, plate 2, fig. 7. 4. 806. Egyptian form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 4. 5. 809. Egyptian form : woman. F. A. L ™.™- 780. I.e. 81. Crania ^gyptiaca, plater •%/«//f| 3, fig. 2. 6. 810. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 20. [^Vf^^ F. A. 780. I. C. 86. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 6. 7. 811. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 25. . F. A. 76°. I. C. 73. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 3, fig. 1. 8. 813. Egyptian form: child, a;tat. 8. 9. 816. Egyptian form. F.A.780. I. C. 92. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 5. 40 CATALOGUE OF 10. 1223, Memphite head : Egyptian form. F. A. 82o. Found with No. 1194, &c. (See next page.) 11. 1235. Ancient Egyptian : Egyptian form, with fine, silk-like hair. Memphite necropolis. I. C. 82. Dr. Charles Pickering. 12. 129L Embalmed head from Memphis. Egyptian form : girl of 14. Presented by A. C Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt. 1846. 13. 1519. Egyptian, from the Necropolis of Memphis. 14. 1520. Egyptian, from the Necropolis of Memphis. 15. 1521. Egyptian. Memphis. 16. 1522. Egyptian. Memphis. 17. 1524. Egyptian. Memphite Necropolis. "Woman, setat. 60. I. C. 87. F. A. 79'*. This is the head of the mummy opened by Mr. Gliddon in Philadelphia, January, 1851, and by him presented to me. 18. 819. Egyptian form : man. F. A. 79*. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyp- tiaca, plate 5, fig. 1. 19. 820. Egyptian form : man, setat. 40. F. A. 76*. I. C. 96. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 2. Nos. 819 and 820 are from Arabat el-Matfoon, the ancient Abydos. " Found with Nos. 817 and 818 in a pit containing scarabaei and ornaments bearing the name of Ramses III., (Sesostris,) and the prenomen of Thotmes TV., (Mceris,) whence it is conjectured that they may have belonged to a period between 1822 and 1474 years before Christ. — Vide Rosellini's Chronology." G. R. G. Alexandrian Egyptians. [Case 3.) 1. 1266. Embalmed head of the pure Egyptian form. I. C 77. 2. 1267. Embalmed head of the Egyptian form. 3. 1268. Ancient Egyptian. Egyptian form: man, aetat. 60. I.C.78. The preceding three heads were found in a rock-tomb, with Greek legends, about four miles west of the city of Alexandria. This tomb was accidentally discovered in blasting rocks for a fortification, A. D. 1845, and probably belonged to the Ptolemaic era. The skulls were procured by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1848. Egyptians from Gizeh. {Case 3.) The following sixteen ancient Egyptian crania were obtained from the tombs opened by Prof. Lepsius at the base of the great Pyramid of HUMAN CRANIA. 41 Gizeh, and presented to me by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, A. D. 1846. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, November, 1845. 1. 1194. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 16. F. A. 85o. I, C. 83. 2. 1195. Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 78^. I. C 88. 3. 1196. Egyptian form, setat. 30. F. A. 82^^. I. C. 80. 4. 1197. Egyptian form, aetat. 25. F. A. 78^^. I. C. 77. 5. 1198. Egyptian form, £etat. 45. F. A. 82°. I. C 93. 6. 1199, Egyptian form : child of ten years. F. A. 91°. 7. 1200. Egyptian form : man, setat. 30. F. A. 82''. I. C. 77. 8. 1201. Egyptian form : child of 6 years. 9. 1202. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 4(t. F. A. 80°. I. C. 80. 10. 1203. Egyptian form, setat. 60. F. A. 80^. I. C. 79. 11. 1204. Egyptian form, atat. 50. F. A. 79°. I. C. 83. 12. 1205. Egyptian form, jetat. 60. I. C. 91. 13. 1206. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 25. F. A. 83^. 14. 1207. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20. F. A. 86°. I. C. 76. 15. 1208. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30. I. C 86. 16. 1209. Egyptian form : man, «tat. 60. F. A. 79«. I. C. 83. Kens or Ancient Nubians. (Case 3.) Nos. 826 to 829, " Kens, or ancient Nubians ? from the pits at De- bod, the ancient Parembole, 30 miles south of Philae. Some writers maintain that there are no mummies in Nubia. Here is proof to the contrary." Gr. R. Gr. 1. 826. Egyptian form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 74. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 13. 2. 827. Egyptian form : man, setat. 40. I. C. 82. Crania .^gyp- tiaca, plate 12, fig. 9. 3. 828. Egyptian form : juvenile head. F. A. 90*^. 4. 829. Egyptian form. F. A. 85*. I. C. 70. Crania ^Egypti- aca, plate 12, fig. 8. Ombite Egyptians. Nos. 830 to 832, " Ancient Egyptians from the pits at Koum Ombos : probably inhabitants of the Ombite nome." G. B. G. 1. 830. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 77. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 3. 2. 831. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 68. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 4. 42 CATALOGUE OP 3. 832. Egyptian form : woman, getat. 30. F. A. 81^. I. C. 68. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 5. Madbdeh Egyptians. Nos. 833 to 836 : " Ancient Egyptians from tlie Crocodile mummy- pits called Margaret-es- Samnun, behind the village of Maabdeh, and opposite to Manfaloot. I brought these from a measured dis- tance of 438 feet under ground horizontally, averaging twenty feet below the surface." G. E.. G. 1. 833. Egyptian form: man, aetat. 35; long hair and a little beard. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 1. 2. 834. Negroid forfii : woman, setat. 30 ; hair long and harsh. Crania j^gyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 2. 3. 836, Egyptian form : woman of 30 years, with long, curling hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 4. 4. 1292. Embalmed Egyptian from Maabdeh. Egyptian form : woman, astat. 40, with long, fine hair. From A. C Harris, Esq. 1846. Miscellaneous. 1. 822. Egyptian form : child of 12 years. Exhumed by Mr. Gliddon from tumuli at the island of Beggeh, the ancient Senem, a sacred spot close to Philse in Nubia. Found with Nos. 821, 823 and 824. " These may have been pilgrims to the Temple, and, as such, of any nation or of any speech." Gr. R. G. 2. 802. Egyptian or Nilotic form: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 81. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 7- G. R. G. 3. 803. Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 82". I. C. 92. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 8. G. R. G. 4. 1240. Mummied head from Egypt. Egyptian ? form, with long, fine hair. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845. 5. 1317. Head of an ancient Egyptian. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 50, from a tomb at the base of the Great Pyramid. Dr. Charles HufFnagle. 1848. Fellahs. {Case 3.) 1. 499. Fellah, or Arab-Egyptian of Old Cairo : man, setat. 60. F. A. 80". I. C. 94. The Fellahs, or Arab-Egyptian peasants, are the lineal descendants of the rural population of ancient Egypt. HUMAN CRANIA. 43 2. 782. Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, setat. 40. F. A. 82®. I. C. 66. 3. 783. Fellah of Old Cairo : woman, jetat. 70. 4. 785. Fellah : woman, setat. 20. F. A. 79'='. I. C. 73. 5. 788. Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, setat. 30. F. A. 74^. I. C. 74. 6. 999. Fellah of Egypt : girl of 16. F. A. 78«. I. C. 72. 7. 766. Fellah or Arab-Egyptian of the Owlad-el-belled, or bet- ter class, from Bab-el-Nasr, in Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 77. 8. 767. Fellah : man, setat. 70. F. A. 80®. I. C 85. 9. 768. Fellah : man, setat. 70. I. C 96. 10. 769. Fellah : woman, astat. 30. I. C. 81. 11. 770. Fellah of the better class : man, jetat. 50. I. C. 83. 12. 771. Fellah of Lower Egypt: woman, aetat. 70. F. A. 75*=^. L C. 78. 13. 772. Fellah of Lower Egypt : man, getat. 30. F. A. 73'^. I. C. 74. 14. 773. Fellah of Lower Egypt : woman, getat. 20. F. A. 75'='. L C. 76. Xos. 766 to 770, inclusive, were merely marked Arab, but they are all obviously Fellahs. Nos. 771 to 773, inclusive, I refer to the same people, though sent me as Jewish crania. 15. 774. Fellah : village-chief, or " Sheik-el-belled," from Shubra, setat. SO. I. C. 88. 16. 775. Fellah of Shubra : woman of 70. L C. 75. 17. 776. Fellah of Shubra, in Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 79^. I. C. 74. 18. 778. Fellah of Mattorieh, (Heliopolis,) in Lower Egypt : woman, ffitat. 30. F. A. 75^^. I. C. 72. 19. 779. Fellah of Mattorieh : woman, jctat. 40. F. A. 80''. I. C 86. Nos. 499 to 779, from G. K. Gliddon, Esq. [Nos. 499, 774 and 766 to 770, inclusive, have been labelled by Dr. Morton " Arab." But the osteological differences between these " Arabs" and the " Fellahs" with which they are associated, ap- pear to me entirely too slight to warrant their separation. In the accompanying engravings, taken from Crania JEi/t/jitiaca, it will be seen that the so-called Arab differ from the Fellah skulls main- ly in having a somewhat more recedent forehead. The former are 44 CATALOGUE OF probably tbe hybrid offspring of Fellah and Arabian parents, the Fellah element predominating. (See page 34.) XII. INDOSTANIC KACE. Ayras (?) (Case 4.) 1. 1329. Hindu fanatic from Juggernaut : woman, ootat. 25. I. C. 86. HUMAN CRANIA. 45 2. 1330. Sumboo-sing, a Hindu of the Brahmin caste, hansjed at Calcutta for murder, December, 1840. ^tat. 40. I. C 91. Hindu (1330). 3. 1331. Hindu fanatic from Juggernaut, A. D. 1839, a beautiful head : man, setat. 40. I. C. 87. 4. 1332. Gunga-Govind, Hindu, aetat. 40. I. C. 86. 5. 1334. Sepoy, or Hindu soldier, with cicatrised fracture and de- pression of the right frontal, malar and superior maxillary bones. xEtat. 40. I. C. 86. 6. 1335. Hindu from the hospital of Calcutta, with syphilitic per- forating ulcers of the cranium. Man, aetat. 60. I. C. 81. The preceding six skulls, Nos. 1329 to 1335, inclusive, were pro- cured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Charles Huffuagle, and b}' him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 7. 712, Thugg of India, executed at Calcutta for murder : man^ aetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 90. Presented by Dr. Martin, of Calcutta, through W. A. Foster, Esq. 8. 713. Thugg, executed with the preceding, and presented by Dr. Martin, through W. A. Foster, Esq. Woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76^. I. C. 79. Bengalees. (Case 4.) 1. 4. Bengalee child of twelve years. 2. 5. Bengalee child of six years. 3. 6. Bengalee : man, setat. 40. F. A. 81®. I. C. 85. 4. 8. Hindu of Bengal: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 73. Nos. 4 to 8 were presented by Dr. Burrough. 5. 19. Bengalbe child of 5 years. From Dr. Joseph Carson. 46 CATALOGUE OF 6. 20. Hindu of Bengal : man, jEtat. 40. I. C. 78. Dr. Bur- rough. 7. 25. Hindu of Bengal : woman, oetat. 25. I. C. 74. Wm. Cobb Hurry, Esq. 8. 28. Bengalee child of seven years. 9. 29. Bengalee child of five years. 10. 31. Hindu of Bengal : woman setat. 80. I. C. 67. * ' 11. 32. Hindu of Bengal : girl of twelve years. Nos. 28 to 32 from Dr. Burrough. • 12. 49. Hindu : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 90. Dr. Joseph Carson. Id. 51. Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 77^*. I. C 70. Dr. Joseph Carson. 14. 83. Hindu of Bengal : girl of 16. I. C.'67. Dr. James Mease. 15. 410. Hindu : man, cetat. 50. I. C. 84. 16. 411. Hindu : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 86. 17. 413. Hindu : man, setat. 30. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79. Nos. 410 to 413 from Henry Piddington, Esq., of Calcutta. 18. 432. Hindu of Bengal : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 86. 19. 442. Bengalee : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 79°. I. C. 69. 20. 443. Bengalee : woman, getat. 40. I. C. 84. 21. 444. Bengalee : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 81. Nos. 443 and 444 from Dr. Joseph Carson. 22. 547. Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 85. 23. 553. Hindu of Bengal : man, setat. 30. I. C. 83. 24. 554. Hindu of Bengal : woman, getat. 40. I. C. 75. Nos. 553 and 554 from H. Piddington, Esq. 25. 948. Bengalee : man, setat. 40. I. C. 76-5. 26. 1309. Hindu : man, setat. 40. I. C. 84. 27. 1310. Hindu : woman, a^tat. 30. I. C. 74. 28. 1311. Hindu: man, ^tat. 50. I. C. 78. 29. 1312. Hindu : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 73. Nos. 1309 to 1312 from Dr. James Mease. 30. 1344. Hindu of Bengal : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 75. Brought from India with other crania, by Dr. Mead, and presented to me. on his behalf, by Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. 31. 1554. Hindu : found on the margin of the Ganges, by Dr. C. B. Matthews. Presented by Dr. B. H. Coates, March 2d, 1852. I. C. 32. 1047. Bengalee : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 67. From Dr. T. R. Calhoun. 33. 665. Hindu, deposited by Dr. Ruschenberger. HUMAN CRANIA. 47 34. 101. Hindu : young woman. 85. 111. Hindu (?) The three preceding skulls are of uncertain locality. XIII. INDO-CHINESE RACE. 1. 666. Skull of a Burmese soldier. 2. 667. Skull of a Burmese soldier. Both from the late Dr. Har- lan's collection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. II. MONGOLIAN GROUP. I. CHINESE RACE. {Case 4.) 1. 3. Chinese : man, atat. 60. Born in the province of Canton, I. C. 89. Dr. J. K. Mitchell. This man and three accomplices were esecuted for murder. 2. 56, Chinese : man, setat. 60. I. C. 91. Dr. T. F. Betton, 1833. o. 94, Chinese : man, astat. 50. I. C. 70. One of the seventeen pirates who attacked and took the French ship " Le Navigateur" in the China Sea. Dr. Ruschenberger. Chinese (94). 4. 426. Chinese of Canton : man, setat. 40. I. C. 83. Dr. Door- uik. 5. 427. Chinese, hanged for forgery at Batavia, in Java : man, aetat. ^0. F. A. 78°. I. C. 83.' Dr. Doornik. 6. 550. Chinese of Canton : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75, 7. 1336. Chinese, hanged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845. Man, aetat. 40. I. C. 98. The face in this instance conforms in every respect to the Mongolian type, but the cranium is one of the 48 CATALOGUE OF most beautiful I have ever seen among any race or nation. Pro- cured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Charles Hutfnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 8. 1526. Chinese child, setat. From Cumsingmoom. J. Hop- kinson, M. D., U. S. N. 9. 1527. Cochin-Chinese from Turon Bay. Man, astat. I. C 91.5. J. Hopkinson, M. D., U. S. N. 669, Chinese. From Dr. B. McCarta, M. D. Deposited by Mr. W. P. Johnson. I. C. 85. 670. Ningpo-Chinese. From Dr. McCarta. Presented by Dr. J. Carson. I. C. 84-5. 10 11. n. JAPANESE RACE. 668. Japanese. Presented by Dr. A. M. Lynch, U. S. N. I. C. 80. Japanese (668.) 1. 672. Cranium of a Loo ChoO Islander. 2. 673. Cranium of a Loo Choo Islander. Nos. G72 and 673 were presented by Dr. B. Vreeland, Passed Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. N. (See page 52, note.) III. HYPERBOREAN RACE. {Case 4.) 1. 1355. Cast of the skull of a young Burat-Mongol. Retzius. Professor 1. 725. Cast of the skull of a Kamschatkan female. ^ Dr. 0. S. Fowler. [It is long and flat, and presents quite a different proportion between the bi-tcmporal, longitudinal and vertical diameters from what we find in the heads of the true Hyperboreans. The low, flat, and HUMAN CRANIA. 49 smooth forehead is devoid of the keel-like formation perceptible in the Eskimo. The carinated ridge makes its appearance along the middle and posterior part of the inter-parietal suture. The widest transverse diameter is near the superior edge of the temporal bone; from this point the diameter contracts both above and below. As in the Eskimo, the occiput is full and prominent, as is also the posterior surface of the parietal bones, which surface, in the Eski- mo, however, is flat. The forehead inclines upwards and back- wards to a prominence in the middle of the inter-parietal suture, from which point it is rounded oflT posteriorly. The face forms a broad oval ; the orbits are large, deep, and have their transverse ax^ at right angles with the median line of the face. The malar bones, though large, are neither so prominent nor high as in the Eskimo. They are laterally compressed, more rounded, and less flared out at their inferior margin in the Polar man. The anterior nares are fiat and smooth, and the alveolar arch somewhat more prominent than in the typical Eskimo, as is shown by comparing them by the norma verticalis. Upon examining the basis cranii, we observe, at once, the globular fulness of the occipital region, and an alteration in the general configuration of the base, as com- pared with that of the true Arctic skull. The greatest breadth is not confined to the zygomatic region, for lines drawn from the most prominent point of the zygomae to the most prominent point of the mastoid process, on either side, are parallel to each other.] 1. 1553i Kalmuck. Presented by Charles Cramer, Esq., of St. Petersburg, Kussia. F. A. 81°. I. C. 93-75. Kalmuck (1553). rin the accompanying figure, the reader will observe that the era- 50 CATALOGUE OP nium is nearly globular, while the forehead is broad, flat, and less receding than in the Eskimo and Kamtskatkan. Without being ridged or keel-like, the median line of the cranium forms a regular arch, the most prominent point of which is at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. Behind and above the meatus, the head swells out into a globe or sphere, instead of tapering away postero-laterally towards the median line, as in the Eskimo crania. This appearance is also well seen in the head figured by Blumen- bach.* He says of it, "habitus totius cranii quasi inflatus et tumidus." The eye at once detects the striking diflference between the facial angle of this cranium and that of the Eskimo figured on the next page. In the latter, the facial bones resemble a huge wedge lying in front of the head proper. This appearance, it is true, is somewhat dependent upon the obtuseness of the angle of the lower jaw, but mainly, as will be seen, upon the prominent chin and prognathous jaw. In the Kalmuck, the facial bones form a sort of oblong figure, and are by no means so prominent. The face is broad, flat, and square ; the superciliary ridges are massive and prominent ; the orbits are large, and directed somewhat outwards ; the ossa nasi are broad and rather flat, forming an obtuse angle with each other ; the malar bones are large, strong, protuber- ant, and roughly marked.] 1. 1248. Laplander: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 94. 2. 1250. Cast of the skull of a Lapland child two years of age. 3. 1257. Cast of the skull of a Lapland woman. 4. 1552. True Laplander. F. A. 83-5°. 1. C. 102. 5. 1551. Hybrid Laplander. F. A. 83°. I. C. 78.75. The preceding 5 skulls from Prof. Retzius. 1. 1558. Eskimo skull. Presented to Dr. E. K. Kane by Surgeon Donnet of H. M. S. Assistance, North Baffin's Bay. Lat. 76o 30' N. L C. 98. F. A. 73°. [The following brief resum4 of the characteristics of an Eskimo cra- nium will serve as a commentary upon the accompanying figures, which represent the front and lateral views of the head above men- tioned (No. 1558). The male Eskimo skull is large, long, narrow, pyramidal ; greatest breadth near the base ; sagittal suture promi- nent and keel-like, in consequence of the angular junction of the * Tab. XIV. of the Decades. HUMAN CRANIA. 51 parietal and two halves of the frontal bones ; proportion between lenc^th of head and height of face as 7 to 5 ; proportion between cranial and facial halves of the occipito-mental diameter as iu to 5; attachment for the temporal muscle large; zygomatic fossas deep and capacioas ; mastoid processes thick and prominent ; gle- Front view of same. Lateral view of Cranium. Eskimo (1558). (^From Br. Kane's First Artie Voyage.) noid cavity capacious, and adapted to considerable lateral motion of the condyles ; forehead flat and receding ; occiput full and sa- lient; face broad and lozenge-shaped, the greatest breadth being just below the orbits ; malar bones broad, high, and prominent, the external surface looking antero-laterally ; orbits large and straight ; zygomatic arches massive and widely separated ; length of the face one inch less than the breadth ; nasal bones flat, narrow, and united at an obtuse angle, sometimes lying in the same plane as the naso- maxillary processes; superior maxilla massive and prognathous, its anterior surface flat and smooth, superior alveolar margin oval; inferior margin of anterior nares flat, smooth, inclining forwards and downwards; inferior maxilla large, long, and triangular ; semi- lunar notch quite shallow; angles of the jaw flared out, and chin prominent; teeth large, and worn in such a manner as to present, in the upper jaw, an inclination from without inwards, upwards, and laterally, and in the lower jaw, just the reverse; antero-pos- terior diameter of cuspids greater than the transverse ; configuration of the basis cranii triangular, with the base of the triangle forward between the zygomse, the truncated apex looking posteriorly ; breadth of base about one-half the length; shape of foramen mag- 52 CATALOGUE OF Hum an irregular oval ; anterior margin of foramen magnum on a line with the posterior edge of the external meati. The female granium differs from the male in being smaller, lighter, and presenting a smoother surface and more delicate structure. The malar bones are less massive, the face not quite so broad, and the anterior surface of the superior maxilla concave rather than flat.] 2. 1559. Eskimo. Taken by Dr. Kane, from the Eider duck resorts, near the " Three Islands of Baffin." Lat. 73° 50' N. I. C. 84.25 E. A. 3. 1560. Eskimo. Taken from a low island off Storoe. Lat. 72° 15' N. I. C. 80.5. F. A. 4. 1561. Eskimo from Storoe. I. C. 81. F. A. The above 4 crania were presented to the Academy by the late Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N., of the Grrinnell Arctic Expedition. 5. 1562, Eskimo skull obtained by Dr. E. K. Kane from an ancient grave or cairn, at the Eskimo village of Etah, north of Cape Alex- ander. Presented by Dr. J. K. Kane, Aug. 12, 1856. 6. 1563. Eskimo skull from the Danish settlement of Upernavick. Presented by Dr. S. W. Mitchell, Aug. 12, 1856. 7. 674, Eskimo skull. 8. 675. Eskimo skull. 9. 676. Eskimo skull. 10. 677. Eskimo skull. 11. 678. Eskimo skull. 12. 679. Eskimo skull. 13. 200. Eskimo skull. These crania were procured at God- ^ havn, Disco Island, coast of Greenland, by Dr. B. Vreeland, U. S. N., and by him kindly presented to the Academy.* III. MALAY GROUP. I. MALAYAN RACE. {Case 5.) 1. 41. Tagelos Malay, native of the Island of Luzon (Luconia) in the Manilla Sea. Woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 68. Dr. Burrough. * The above seven Eskimo crania, together with the two Loo Chooan skulls recorded on page 48 were opportunely received from Dr. Vreeland, while the sheets of this and the preceding '! signatures" of the Catalogue were passing through the press, April 7th, 1857. It will be observed that the introduction of these nine heads in their appropriate places increases the total number of skulls in the Collection from 1035 to 1044, and causes the Catalogue to differ slightly from the tabular enumeration given on page 15, HUMAN CRANIA. 53 2. 495. Malay of Ceylon; Singalese : man, setat. 20. I. G. 85. Dr. Ruschenberger. 3. 1338. Malay of Amboyna; Saparoua: man, cetat. 30. I. C 73. 4. 459. Malay of Amboyna ; man, aetat. 30. I. C. 84. Dr. Ruschen- berger. 5. 430. Malay of Amboyna ; man, setat. 30. F. A. 73°. I. C. 92. 6. 460. Malay of Malacca : man, setat. 40. I. C. 77. Dr. Kuschen- berger. 7. 546. Malay of Macassar : man, setat. 50. I. C. 92. 8. 429. Malay of Macassar, in the Island of Celebes: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 820. I. C. 97. 9. 1340. Malayan of Macassar : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 77. 10. 1341. Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 35. I. C. 83. 11. 545. Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 81. 12. 46; Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 93. Dr. Mead. 13. 428. Javanese of the District of Djogoearta : man, aetat. 20. I. C. 88. 14. 47. Malay of the Island of Bally, coast of Java. F. A. 69°. I. C. 82. Dr. Mead. Malay (47). 15. 1337. Malayan, hanged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845. Man, setat. 40. I. C. 96. 16. 425. Malay of Borneo : man, aetat. 40, I. C. 91. 17. 1186. Malay of Borneo : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 89. Hanged at Batavia for piracy, A. D. 1826. From Dr. Jones, of New Orleans. 18. 1316. Malay child : Island of Gee Foo. H. Piddington, Esq. 19. 543. Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 96. 20. 544. Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91. 21. 1339. Malayan of Madura : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 96. 22. 424i Malay of the Island of Madura, in the Indian Archipelago : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 80. 54 CATALOGUE OF 23. 201. Castof the skull of a Madurese. Presented by Mr. Harlan. 24. 433. Malay of the Island of Sumbawa : man, aetat. 30. I. C 80. Nos. 1338, 1839, 1840 and 1341 were brought from India by Dr. Mead, and presented to me on his behalf, by Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. Nos. 424, 425, 428, 429, 430 and 433 are from Dr. Doornik. Nos. 543, 544, 545 and 54G, from Dr. Doornik's collection, were pre- sented by Dr. Jones of New Orleans, through B. F. French, Esq. Dyaks. 1. 1523. Skull of a Dyak woman, prepared as a trophy according to the usage of these people. Obtained in an assault upon a native village, on the river Barya, near Pontianck, in the S. W. region of Borneo. Brought from Sarawak, in that Island, A. D. 1850, by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, and by him presented to me. I. C. 81. iEtat. 25. 2. 1525. Kiong-Dyak, from the dead-house of those people, in the interior of Borneo : Woman, setat. 30. I. C. 86. From J. Hop- kinson, M. D., U. S. N. II. POLYNESIAN RACE. Kanakas. (Case 5.) 1. 564. Kanaka, of Oahu : woman. I. C. 82. 2. 565. Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu. I. C. 83. 3. 566i Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu : man. These three skulls, Nos. 564, 565, 566, were presented to Dr. Rusch- enberger by a chief of the Sandwich Islands, Dr. R. having so- licited them for scientific purposes. Two of these skulls have the face-bones completely and somewhat skilfully separated from the head ; which, so far as I can learn, was a customary usage in the performance of human sacrifices : and these remains were probably disinterred from that part of the Moral devoted in former years to this class of persons. Capt. Cook's head, when restored to his friends after his murder at Owyhee, had been divided precisely in this way, although but a few days had elapsed. See Cook's Third Voyage, Volume 2, page 80. 4. 572. Kanaka of the Sandwich Islands : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 78°. I. C. 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend. [This head afi"ords a good idea of the general cranial type of Poly- HUMAN CRANIA. 55 nesia. It is elongated; the forehead recedent ; the face long and oval ; the breadth between the orbits considerable ; the alveolar Kanaka (572). margin of the superior maxillary slightly prominent ; the lower jaw large and regularly rounded. The breadth and shortness of the base and the peculiar flatness of the sub-occipital region give to the whole head an elongated or drawn-out appearance.] 5. 695. Kanaka of Oahu : girl of 10 years. F. A. 82''. Dr. J. K. Townsend. 6. 1300. Kanaka, or native of the Sandwich Islands : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 82. Lt. I. G. Strain, U. S. N. 1846. 7. 1308. Head of a Kanaka or Sandwich Islander: woman? aetat. 30. Dr. Gibbon. New-Zealanders, Marquesas, Sfc. 1. 680, New Zealand chief: tattooed. Dr. Samuel McClellan. 2. 1324, Head of a New Zealand chief, embalmed according to the custom of those Islanders. 3. 1325, Head of a New Zealander, prepared in the same manner as No. 1324. 4. 202, New Zealand head, tattooed. From the late Dr. Harlan's collection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. 1. 1531, Marquesas skull from the village of Whytahoo, Resolu- tion Bay, in the Island of Christina, where it was obtained in 1841, by Lt. H. A. Steele, U. S. N., for Dr. L. P. Bush, and by the latter presented to me. F. A. 82°. I. C. 90.5. The Christina Islanders are cannibals. [This head exhibits a narrow, dolicho-cephalic form ; the frontal re- gion flat and narrow ; the posterior region broad and ponderous ; 56 CATALOGUE OF the face massive and roughly marked ; the superior maxilla more everted than in the Sandwich Islander ; altogether a low and brutal form.] IV. AMERICAN GROUP. I. BARBAROUS RACE. a. NORTH AMERICANS. ( Case 5.) Arickarees. 1. 549. Indian of the Arickaree tribe of Upper Missouri : woman, setat. 40. F. A. 76^. I. C. 73. Dr. B. B. Brown. 2. 949. Arickaree Indian of the Upper Missouri : woman, setat. 20, with the frontal suture. I. C. 75. Mr. J. N. Nicollet. 3. 748. Arickaree Indian of Missouri : woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 80. From Mr. J. N. Nicollet. Assindboins. 1. 659i Assinaboin Indian of Upper Missouri: man setat. 50. F. A. 79°. I. C. 101. Dr. B. B. Brown of St. Louis. 2. 1230. AssiNABOiNlndianof Missouri: woman, aetat. 20. L C. 85. 3. 1231. Assinaboin woman, aetat. 18. I. C. 85. Nos. 1230 and 1231 from J. J. Audubon, Esq., A. D. 1845. Cherokees. 1. 632. Cherokee? woman, setat. 20. F. A. 77°. I. C. 90. " From a cave at Springtown, north of the river Hiwassee, and near an ancient battle-ground. The form of the cranium and the develop- ments are strikingly characteristic of the mountain Cherokee of the present day." 2. 633. Cherokee? girl of 14. F. A. 76°. Found with the pre- ceding. 3. 634. Cherokee: woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 74°. I. C. 84. 4. 635. Cherokee child, eight years of age. Nos. 632 to 635, inclusive, from Dr. Martin, U. S. A. 5. 1285. Cherokee, from a mound in South Carolina. I. C. 96. Dr. Hardy, of Ashville, North Carolina. 6. 1297. Cherokee : man, setat. 50. I. C. 84. Fropi South Caro- lina. Dr. Hardy. HUMAN CRANIA. 57 Clietimaches. 1. 43i Chetimache Indian of Louisiana : man, cetat. 40. F. A. 770. I. C. 84. See No. 70. Dr. Le Beau. 2. 70t Chetimache Indian of Louisiana: woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 71''. I. C. 75. Dr. J. Le Beau. See Crania Americana, plate 19 and page 163. ChinooTcs. 1. 457. Chinook Indian of Oregon : woman, aetat. 60. F. A. 73^^. I. C. 82. Natural form. Dr. John K. Mitchell. 2. 462. Skull of a Chinook cbief of Oregon, greatly flattened by art : aetat. 60. F. A. 72°. L C. 72. From Dr. J. K. Townsend, who also brought me the cradle and other apparatus by means of which this singular distortion is produced. See Crania Americana, page 208 and plate 43. 3. 578. Chinook slave of Oregon : head of the natural form. Woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C 75. Dr. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 42 and page 207. 4. 641. Indian child of the Chinook tribe, about four years old : much flattened by art. Dr. J. K. Townsend. 5. 721. Skull of a Chinook Indian, flattened by art : man, aetat. 50. Columbia River. L C. 88. W. Slakum, Esq., U. S. N. 6. 1349. Skull of a Chinook child six years old, flattened by art. From Port Discovery, Straits of Fuca. Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847. 7. 1350. Entire desiccated body of a Chinook infant, aged about two years. The head is greatly flattened b}'^ artificial processes. From Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847. 8. 203. Chinook skull from Clatsop. Presented by Dr. J. H. B* 3IcClellan, May 5th, 1856. (^Case 6.) Ghippeways. 1. 683i Chippeway warrior of Upper Canada, jetat. 50. F. A. 84°. I. C. 97. H. R. Schoolcraft, Esq. Crania Americana, plate 28 and page 177. 2. 684. Chippeway Indian : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°. L C. 85. Prof. Eaton. Cotonays. 1. 744. CoTONAY or Black-foot Indian, of the Rocky mountains : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 94. From Mr. J. N. Nicollet. 2. 745, CoTONAY or Black-foot : woman, aetat. 40. I* C. 75. 58 CATALOGUE OP 3. 1227. CoTONAY (Black'foot) chief, named the "Bloody Hand," astat. 50. I. C. 88. F. A. 75©. Upper Missouri. From J. J. Audu- bon, Esq. A. D. 1845. CoTONAY (1227). Creeks. 1. 441. Creek warrior of Alabama. F. A. 74o. I. C. 91. Dr. J. Pancoast. 2. 579. Athla-ficksa : a Muskogee or Creek chief, aetat. 50. F. A. 72°. I. C. 97. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. Crania Americana, plate 26 and page 170. 3. 751. Creek woman of Georgia, aetat. 30. I. C. 81. Dr. Joseph Walker. 4. 1454. Creek Indian of Western Arkansas : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 86. Dr. S. W. Woodhouse, 1850. Dacota^, 1. 605. Dacota or Sioux Indian of Wisconsin : man. aetat. 20. Dacota or Sioux (605). F. A. 77°. I. C. 90. Dr. Poole. Crania Americana, plate 39 and page 198. HUMAN CRANIA. 09 2. 112i Dacota or Sioux Indian. 3. 204. Dacota or Sioux Indian. From Dr. T. G-. Morton. Surons. 1. 15, Huron chief, aetat. 60, killed near Detroit in a rencontre witt another Indian. F. A. 73°. I. 0. 75. See Crania Americana, plate 37. 2. 607. Huron? Indian, from Cleveland, Ohio : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 760. I. C. 82. Dr. Mendenhall. 3. 1217. Indian of the Huron? tribe. I. C. 86. 4. 1218. Huron Indian: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 83. These two skulls were taken from a mound near Detroit, by Lt. Meigs, U. S. A., A. D. 1844. Illinois. 1. 1010. Illinois Indian. 2. 1042. Illinois Indian. Iroquois. 1. 16. Iroquois? Exhumed with many others near Lake Erie, about 20 miles east of Niagara, A. D. 1824. F. A. 74°. I. C. 103., Mr. Thomas Fisher. 2. 119. Iroquois Indian. 3. 989. Indian warrior : Iroquois ? aetat. 80. I. C. 89. Dr. W. B. Casey. Lenapes, or Delawares. 1. 40. Lenape or Delaware Indian : woman, setat. 40. F. A. 76^. I. C. 82. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 32 and page 189. 2. 115, Lenape or Delaware Indian. 3. 118. Lenape or Delaware Indian. 4. 418, M ANT A Indian ? A tribe of the Lenap6 or Delaware nation. F. A. 79°. I. C. 75. Found in excavating near the bank of the Delaware River in New Jersey, about four miles above Burlington. The body, with several others, was buried in the sitting posture. Dr. Edward Swain. 5. 1263. Cranium of a Lenape or Delaware Indian : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 80. Dug from an aboriginal cemetery at Richmond, on the Delaware River, about four miles north of Philadelphia, A. D. 1847. The atlas vertebra is anchylosed with the occipital bone. Mr. Isaac Morris. 60 CATALOGUE OP 6. 1264, Lenape or Delaware Indian : woman, setat. 50. I. C. 81. One of those massacred by the whites at the settlement on White Kiver, Indiana. Dr. E. Fussell. 7. 1265, Lenape or Delaware Indian. 8. 205. Delaware Indian : fragmentary. 9. 206. Delaware Indian : fragmentary. Nos. 205 and 206 were dug up from a street in Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Geo. P. Oliver, November, 1852. 10. 568. Mmsi (?) Lenape. Mandans. 1. 643. Indian'of the Mandan tribe : woman, setat. 16. P. A. Il'^- L C. 86. Dr. B. B. Brown. 2. 644. Mandan Indian of Missouri : woman, eetat. 40. F. A. 74o. L C. 79. Dr. B. B. Brown. 3. 738. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : woman, aetat. 30. L C. 77. 4. 739. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : woman, setat. 30. L C. 81. 5. 740. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, eetat. 40. L C. 91. 6. 741. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 50. L C. 85. 7. 742. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, setat. 50. L C. 86. Nos. 738 to 742, inclusive, from J. N. Nicollet, Esq. Menominees. 1. 35. Menominee Indian of Michigan : woman, setat. 30. P. A. 720. I. C. 74. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 2. 44. Menominee Indian of Michigan : woman, setat. 50. F. A. 75°. L C. 77. J. A. Lapham, Esq., of Milwaukee. 3. 78. Indian of the Menominee tribe of Michigan : man, setat. 40. F. A. 78°. L C. 88. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 4. 454. Menominee Indian of Michigan. F. A. 79^. I. C. 88. Dr. Saterlee, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 29 and page 179. 5. 563. Menominee Indian : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 6. 1220. Menominee Indian of Michigan. L C. 88, Mr. Lapham. 7. 1222. Natonake, a Menominee chief, setat. 40. I. C. 86. Mr. J. P. Wetherill. HUMAN CRANIA. 61 Miamis. 1. 106. Miami Indian. 2. 407. Miami Indian of Indiana. F. A. 75o. I. C. 87. Dr. Tuley. 3. 541. Miami Indian. 4. 542. Miami Chief, eetat. 45. F. A. 75°. I. C. 95. Dr. J. W. Davies, Indiana. Crania Americana, plate 30 and page 182. 5. 1052. Miami Indian. 6. 1053. Miami Indian. 7. 1054. Miami Indian. F. A. 79°. 8. 1056. Miami Indian. 9. 1055. Miami : woman, atat. 40. F. A. 79°. I. C. 81. 10. 1057. Miami : woman, retat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 84. 11. 1058. Miami : child twelve years old. The preceding three Miami skulls were obtained near Pendleton. Indiana, by Dr. Edwin Fussell. 12. 1233. Miami Indian : woman, jetat. 40. I. C. 84. Rev. W. F. Ferguson. 1845. Minetaris. 1. 650. Indian of the Minetari tribe of Missouri : woman, astat, 40. F. A. 74°. I. C. 87. 2. 746. Minetari or Gros-ventre of Missouri : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 82. 3. 747. Minetari or Gros-ventre Indian of Missouri : woman, agtat. 40. I. C. 83. 4. 749. Minetari or Gros-ventre of Missouri : man, oetat. 40. I. C. 94. Nos. 746 to 749, inclusive, from Mr. J. N. Nicollet. Mohaw/cs. 1. 895. Mohawk Indian : man, setat. 50. Exhumed near Manheiin, New York. I. C. 89. 2. 896. Mohawk Indian : woman, astat. 80. Obtained with the preceding. I. C. 83. 3. 897. Mohawk Indian : girl of 16. Found with the preceding. I. C. 81. Nos. 895 to 897, inclusive, from L. Vanuxem and J. Beardsley, Esqs. {Case 7.) ^arragansets. 1. 693. Narraganset Indian, from an old cemetery of that tribe on the western shore of Tiverton, in Rhode Island. Man, actat. 30. I. C. 85. Dr. Thomas C. Dunn, 62 CATALOGUE OP 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Series of eight skulls, 950 to 957, of the Narraganset tribe of Indians, of Ehode Island : from Dr. Usher Parsons, of Providence, K. I. 1840. I. 950. Narraganset : woman, aetat. 70. F. A. 82''. I. C. 85. 951. Narraganset : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 72«'. I. C. 80. 952. Narraganset : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 84. woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 72°. I. C 77. woman, aetat. 30, I. C. 77. man, aetat. 60. F. A. 75®. I. C. 78. man, setat. 70. F. A. 74«. I. C. 90. man, ffitat. 25. F- A. 73«'. I. C. 82 10. 1040. Narraganset Indian : woman, aetat. 70, with a singularly elongated head. I. C. 72. Natchez. 1. 102. Natchez Indian. Cast. 2. 1106. Natchez Indian, moulded by art into a flattened cone. Mr. J. Tooley, Jr., of Natchez, 1840. See American Journal of Science, for July, 1846'. For further information on this mode of moulding the head among the Natchez tribes, see Garulaso de la Vega, Hist, de la Florida. Lib. IV. cap. 13 ; and Crania Americana^ page 160. 953. Narraganset 954. Narraganset : 955. Narraganset : 956. Narraganset ; 957. Narraganset Natchez (1106). Naticks. 1. 103. Natick Indian of Nantucket. 2. 104. Natick Indian of Nantucket. 3. 107. Natick Indian of Nantucket. HUMAN CRANIA. 63 4. 5. 1. 2. 110. Natick Indian of Nantucket. 401. Natick Indian of Nantucket. Dr. Paul Swift. Oregon Tribes. 461, Skull of a Clickitat Indian of Oregon, much flattened by art. Man, aetat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 48 and page 214. 207. Clickitat Indian from Dewamish or White river (Lat. 47'' 30' N.). Presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, who received it from Mr. George Gibbs, of Steilacoom, Washington Territory. 573. Indian of the Kowalitsk tribe of Oregon : artificially com- KOWALITSK (573). pressed. Man, setat. 40. F. A. 66*'. I. C. 79. Dr. J. K. Town- Crania Americana, plates 49 and 50, and page 215. send. Kowalitsk (573). 574. Indian of the Calapootah tribe of Oregon : artificially compressed. Man, a;tat. 50. F. A. 68°. I. C. 91. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 47 and page 212. 64 CATALOGUE OF 5. Calapooyah (5 74). 575. Clatsap Indian of Oregon : artificially compressed. setat. 50. F. A. 70° I. C. 82. Americana, plate 46 and page 211. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Man, Crania Clatsap (575). 6. 576. KiLLEMOOK chief. 7. 577. Indian of the Klatstoni tribe of Oregon : artificially com- pressed. Man, setat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 75. Dr. J. K. Town- send. Crania Americana, plate 44 and page 210. 8. 208. NiSQUALLY Indian of the Selish or Flathead family. From Washington Territory. Presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, May 5th, 1856. Osages. 1. 54. Osage warrior of Arkansas, setat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 81. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 41 and page 199. 2. 660. Osage Indian of Upper Missouri : woman, jetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 84. Dr. B. B. Brown. HUMAN CRANIA. 65 Otoes. 1. 755. Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, setat, 50. I. C. 80. 2. 756. Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 60. I. C. 94. 3. 757. Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, astat. 50. I. C. 83, 4. 758. Otoe child, eight months old. Nos. 755 to 758, inclusive, from Dr. J. Walker, U. S. A. Oltawas. 1. 1006. Ottawa chief of Michigan, aetat. 50. I. C 85. 2. 1007. Ottawa warrior, setat. 75. I. C 89. 3. 1008. Ottawa woman, atat. 60. I. C 76. 4. 1009. Ottawa boy, setat. 14. I. C. 77. The four preceding skulls were obtained in Michigan by Dr. George C. Leib, A. D. 1842. Ottigamies. 1. 415. Indian of the Ottigamie tribe, a half-breed, killed in a quarrel at Quincy, Illinois, A. D. 1830. F. A. 76^. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. 2. 639. Ottigamie or Fox Indian of Wisconsin : man, getat. 50. F. A. 82Etat. 40. I. C. 81. [It is a truly animal head. The forehead is exceedingly flat and re- cedent, while the prognathism of the superior maxillary almost degenerates into a muzzle. The alveolar arch, instead of being HUMAN CRANIA. 97 round or oval in outline, is nearly square. The whole head is elongated and depressed along the coronal region, the basis cranii Australian (1327). flat, and the mastoid processes very large and roughly formed. The immense orbits are overhung by ponderous superciliary ridges. This latter feature is still more evident in No. 1451 of the Collection, which, though varying somewhat in type, presents in general the same brutal appearance.] 5. 1328. Native Australian boy, about 16 years old, native of Port St. Philip, at which place he was hanged for murder. I. C. 82. Procured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Chas. Huffnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 6. 126L New Hollander, of a tribe near the Goulbourn settlement : man, aetat. 60. I. C 81. 7. 1262, New Hollander, from a tribe of the Goulbourn settlement, killed in an affray with the people of another tribe : woman, aetat. 55. I. C. 75. The two preceding skulls were sent me by Charles Nicholson, M. D., of Sydney, in Australia, 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for December, 1845. 8. 1289. Native of New Holland : man, agtat. 60. I. C. 65. From J. W. Wilton, Esq., Gloucester, England, 1846. 9. 239. Fragment of the skull of a New Hollander. 10. 240. Australian : man, from Moreton Bay. 11. 241. Australian : woman, from Moreton Bay. Oceanic Negroes. 1. 435. Oceanic Negro, from the Indian Archipelago: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 77. Dr. Doornik. 2. 1343: Tasmanian, of Van Diemen's land (?) Oceanic Negro of the Indian Archipelago ; aetat. 35. I. C. 76. 7 98 CATALOGUE OP VI. MIXED RACES. Copts. {Case 14.) 1. 759i Copt, from a Convent near Cairo, on the road to Abersabel : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 78°. I. C. 77. Crania uEgyptiaca, page 57. From Gr. R. Gliddon, Esq., late United States Consnl for the City of Cairo. 2. 760. Coptic child, a year old. Obtained with No. 759. 3. 761. Copt of Lower Egypt : man, ffitat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 85. Obtained with No. 759. [Dr. Morton describes No, 761 as elongated, narrow, but other- wise mediately developed in front, with great breadth and fulness in the whole posterior region. The nasal bones, though prominent, are broad, short, and concave, and the upper jaw is everted. There is also a remarkable distance be- tween the eyes. See Crania jEgyptiaca, p. 57.] 4. 795. Skull exhumed from the front of the First or Northern Brick Pyramid of Dashour, Memphite necropolis, by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer. Blends the Coptic with the Egyptian form. F. A. 76°. I. C. 75. Crania yF^gyptiaca, page ^. For an engraving of this skull, see page 39. HUMAN CRANIA. 99 5. 786. Skull sent me from Old Cairo, in Egypt, by Mr. Gliddon, who knew nothing of its history. A eunuch ? setat. 40. I. C. 77. Negroid Egyptians. 1. 800. Negroid form : head of a child. 2. 835. Negroid form : woman of 30, with long, coarse hair. F. A. 73°. I. C. 71. Crania ^gyp- tiaca, plate 4, fig. 3. Nos. 800 and 835 are from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 3. 852, Negroid Egyptian: man, jetat. 50. F. A. 75°. "l. C. 77. Crania ^gyptiaca, page 17. 4. 857. Egyptian blended with thje Negro form ? Hair fine. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 3. 5. 858, Negroid Egyptian : man, setat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C. 87. Crania jEgyptiaea, page 17. Nos. 852, 857 and 858 are from M. Clot Bey. 6. 864, Negroid Egyptian : woman, eetat. 40. F. A. 75°. I. C. 77. Crania .^gyptiaca, page 17. 7. 869. Negroid Egyptian : man, astat. 50. F. A. 76°. I. C. 88. Crania -SEgyptiaca, page 17. 8. 874. Egyptian and Negro form? child of ten years. 9. 885. Negroid form : woman, setat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 77. Crania -Egyptiaca, page 17. Nos. 864, 869, 874 and 885 are from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 10. 1238, Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ; hair long, coarse and curling. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845. 11. 1239. Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ? man, jetat. 50. I. C. 75. Dr. Charles Pickering. 1845. 100 CATALOGUE OF 12. 1294i Embalmed head from the Grrottoes of Maabdeh. Negroid form (mixed Negro and Egyptian) with short frizzled hair : man, aetat. 50. From A. C. Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt, A. D. 1846. 2. 3. From Old Cairo. I. C. 74. Nubians. 787. Modern Nubian ? Nation uncertain. Woman, setat. 30. I. C 80. 839. Nubian form? man, aetat. 50. F. A. 78o. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 3. 888. Nubian form ? man, astat. 35. I. C 85. Crania -^gyp- tiaca, page 14. Nos. 787 to 888 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 2. Nubian? (888). 242. Cast of a Nubian skull. From the late Dr, Harlan's col- lection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. Hispano- Peruvians. 50. CiiOLO, or Hispano-Peruvian ? From the church vault at Old Callao, into which were thrown the dead bodies of the Royal- ist garrison of San Philippo, A. D. 1825. I. C. 96. Dr. H. S. Rennolda, U. S. Navy. 61. Cholo, or Hispano-Peruvian ? setat. 50. I. C. 95. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy. Hispano-Indian. I. 690. Mexican soldier, with a cicatrised sabre wound of the os HUMAN CRANIA. 101 frontis. Mixed Indian and Spaniard ? aetat. 30. Slaia at San JacintO; Texas. I. C. 81. J. J. Audubon, Esq. Negroid Indians. 1. 408. Choctaw and Negro? I. C. 79. Dr. Wilson, who dis- sected this man, considered him a full-blooded Choctaw ; but the skull strongly indicates a mixture of the Negro. 2. 636. Sambo : mixed race of Venezuela Indian and Negro : man, setat. 40. I. G. 81. Ex-President Vargas, of Ciraccas. 3. 982. Mixed Negro and Indian ? I. C. 78. Malayo- Chinese. 1. 1342. Malayo-Chinese of the Island of Java : man, astat. 30. I. C. 84, Presented by Dr. Mead, through Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. Mulattoes. 1. 1234. Mulatto ? man, aetat. 50, with an anchylosed fracture and displacement of the left occipital condyle. Dr. Edward Ilallowell. 2. 1319. Skull of John Voorhees, a Mulatto porter, born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, and died of consumption in the Blockley Hospital, November 5, 1846, aged 35 years. About an hour be- fore his death, he called the nurse to him and confessed as follows : That eighteen or twenty years before, having a hatred against another boy of his own color, two years younger than himself, he strangled and killed him. After committing the murder he be- came alarmed, and placed the dead body in a chair near the win- dow, hoping to revive it. He then fled ; and not having been seen to enter the house was never suspected of the murder ; and the boy, being found dead in the chair, was supposed to have died of apo- plexy. I have these facts and the skull from my friend Dr. Adol- phus L. Heerman. VII. LUNATICS AND IDIOTS. {Case 14.) 1. 9. Negro Idiot, eetat. 60. I. C. 70. 2. 10. Anglo-American boy : hydrocephalous, aged 8 years. 3. 14. Anglo-American Lunatic : woman, aetat. 45. F. A. SO'^. L C. 85. 1830. 102 CATALOGUE OF 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Mulatto Lunatic. Died of religious mania, 1831. Man, setat. 22. I. C. 77. 36. Anglo-American Idiot : man, astat. 40. I. C. 81. 45. Anglo-American Lunatic, for several years confined in the cells of the Philadelphia Hospital. I. C. 91. 55. Negro Lunatic, aetat. 40. I. C. 89. 57. Lunatic Irishman, (Celt) atat. 40. F. A. 79®. I. C. 82. 58. German Lunatic : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 87. 62, Lunatic Engltsi^man, aged 30 years. I. C. 92. 1833. 63, Negro Lunatic. Died in the Philadelphia Hospital, A. D. 1832, aged 65 years. I. C 84. 64, Mulatto Lunatic : woman, aetat. 18. I. C. 76. Died of Cholera, A. D. 1832. 431. Malay Idiot of Amboyna : man, aetat. 30. I. C 74. From Dr. Doornik. 458. Anglo-American female ; an Idiot from birth. Died Sep- tember, 1836, JBtat. 70. I. C. 63. Dr. Henry S. Patterson. 551. Idiot : European, aetat. 30. I. C. 79. From Dr. Door- nik's collection. Presented by Dr. Jones, of New Orleans. 841. Idiotic head from Thebes : man, with fine hair. F. A. 65° ? Crania ^gyptiaea, page 16. Idiot (841). 17. 863. Head of an Idiot : man, aetat. 40. Crania yEgyptiaca, page 16. 18. 988. Dutch Idiot, deaf and dumb : man, aetat. 30. T. C. 96.5. Dr. W. B. Casey, of Middletown, Connecticut. 19. 243. Skull of an Idiotic Negress, of a most remarkable charac- HUMAN CRANIA. 103 ter. Presented by Mr. B. H. Warden, while these sheets were passing through the press. VIII. SKULLS ILLUSTRATIVE OF GROWTH. (^Case 15.) 1. 65. Skull of a child born at the seventh month. Dr. P. B, Goddard. 2. 66. Child six months old. Dr. Goddard. 3. 419. Head at the full period of utero-gestation. 4. 709. Skull of a foetus at the sixth month of utero-gestation. 5. 1211. Cranium of a child five months old. 6. 1212. Cranium of a child nine months old. 7. 1213. Cranium of a child eight months old. 3l{scellaneous and Uncertain. 1. 244. Cranium phrenologically marked, according to Dr. Spu rz- heim. From Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 2. 245. Cranium phrenologically marked. 1-11. Eleven unclassified crania. 1045 Total. It will be seen that this total difi"ers from that given on page 16. This discrepancy is due to the incorporation of several skulls received while these sheets were passing through the press. (See page 52, notCj and page 102, No. 243). INDEX. Page. Abyssinian, (No. 1361) 36 Affghan, (No. 1333) 31 Africans, Native, (Nos. 12, 114,237,238,421 to 423, 580,640,645 to 648, 823, 898,901 to 929, 958 to 981, 993,994, 1093 to 1103, 1107, 1224, 1244, 1245, 1351, 1358, 1360).. 91-6 Alexandrian Egyptians, (Nos. 1266 to 1268) 40 Alforian Race, (^See Australians) 96 Amboyna Malays, (Nos. 430, 459, 1338) 53 America, Central, Barbarous Tribes of, (Nos. 990, 1050, 1067) 73 " North, " " 56 " South, " " 73 " " Indians from Mounds in, (Nos. 1242, 1243) 74-5 American Group 56 American Indians from various sources, (Nos. 53,211, 215 to 220, 416, 736, 992, 1236, 1237, 1270 to 1272, 1287, 1288, 1315, 1455, 1510 to 1512, 1557) 68-73 Anglo-American Race 25 Anglo-Americans, (Nos. 7, 24, 88, 98, 552, 724, 899, 1108) 25-6 Anglo-Saxon Race 24 Arabs, (Nos. 780, 781, 784) 34 Araucanians (Nos. 120, 221 to 224, 651,652, 654 to 656, 995, 997) 73-4 Arican Peruvians, (See Peruvians') 76-8 Arickarees, (Nos. 649, 748, 949) 56 Armenians, (Nos. 789 to 794) 30 Assinaboins, (Nos. 659, 1230, 1231) 56 Australians, (Nos. 239 to 241, 1261, 1262, 1289, 1327, 1328, 1450 to 1452) 96-7 Ayras, (Nos. 712, 713, 1329 to 1332, 1334, 1335) 45 Aztec Mexicans, (Nos. 734, 735) 87 Barbarous Tribes of North America 56 Bassa Negroes, (Nos. 646 to 648) 92 106 INDEX. Bengalees, (Nos. 4, 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 49, 51, 83, IQl, 111, 410, 411, 413, 432, 442 to 444, 547, 553, 554, 655, 948, 1047, 1309 to 1312, 1344, 1554) 45-7 Benguella Negro, (No. 421) 91 Berber Race 35 Black-foot Indians, (See Cotonays) 57 Borneo Malays, (Xos. 425, 1186) 53 Bosjie, (No. 238) 95 Brahmin, (No. 330) 45 Brazilians, (Nos. 1254, 1513, 1528 to 1530, 1555, 1556) 76 British soldier, (?) (No. 21) 26 Burat Mongol, (No. 1355) 48 Burgundian, Ancient, (No. 1533) 24 Burmese soldiers, (Nos. 666, 667) 47 Calapooyah, (No. 574) 63 Californian Indians, (Nos. 1514, 1565) 68 Catacombs of Paris, Skulls from, (Nos. 661 to 664) 27 Caucasian Group 19 Cayuga Indian, (No. 417) 72 Celtic Race, (See Irish) ~. 26 Central Americans 73 Charibs, (Nos. 225, 638, 692) 75-6 Chayenne Indian, (No. 1041) 72 Chechemecan, (No. 1005) 88 Chemesyan Indian, (No. 987) 72 Cherokees, (Nos. 632 to 035, 1285, 1297) 56 Ghetimaches, (Nos. 43, 70) 57 Chimuyan Indian, (No. 11) 86 Chinese, (Nos. 3, 56, 94, 426, 427, 550, 669, 670, 1336, 1526, 1527) 47-8 Chinooks, (Nos. 203, 457, 462, 578, 641, 721, 1349, 1350) 57 Chippeways, (Nos. 683, 684) 57 Choctaw Indian, (No. 22) 72 Cimbric Dane, (No. 1362) 20 Cimbric Swedes, (Nos. 1532, 1550) 20 Circassians, (Nos. 762 to 765) 29-30 Clatsaps, (Nos. 203, 575) 57,64 Clickitats, (Nos. 207,461) 63 Congo Negro, (No. 1224) 95 Copts, (Nos. 759 to 761, 786, 795) 98 Cotonay Indian?, (Nos. 744, 745, 1227) 57-8 Creeks, (Nos. 441, 579, 751, 1454) 58 Crow Indians, (See Upaarookas') 68 Dacotas, (Nos, 112, 204, 605) 58-9 Dane, Cimbric, (No. 1362) 20 Deformed Mexican skull, (No. 1353) 89 INDEX. 107 Page. Delaware Indians, (See Lenapes) 59 Dey Negroes, (Nos. 640, 1100) 92, 94 Djogocarta Javanese, (No. 428) 53 Dutchman, (No. 434) 23 Dyaks, (Nos. 1523, 1525) 54 Eboes, (Nos. 1101, 1102) 94 Egyptians, Alexandrian, (Nos. 1266 to 1268) 40 Egyptians from Gizeh, (Nos. 1194 to 1209) 41 " " Maabdeh, (Nos. 833, 834, 836, 1292) 42 " " Memphis, (Nos. 769, 797, 805, 806, 809, 810, 811, 813, 816, 819, 820, 1223, 1235, 1291, 1519 to 1522, 1524) 39-40 " " Pits at Koum Ombos, (Nos. 830 to 832) 41-2 " Negroid, 99-100 " from Thebes, (Nos. 48, 60, 843, 844, 846 to 849, 851, 853, 854, 855, 860 to 862,866, 867, 871, 872, 876 to 878, 880 to 883, 886 to 889, 894, 1044, 1290, 1293, 1295) 36-9 " " other sources, (Nos. 802, 803, 822, 1240, 1317) 42 Englishmen, (Nos. 59, 80, 539, 991) 24-5 Eskimos, (Nos. 200, 674 to 679, 1558 to 1563) 50-2 Euchee Indian, (No. 39) 72 Explanatory Note 3 Fellahs, (Nos. 499, 766 to 776, 778, 779, 782, 783, 785, 788, 999) 42-3 Finland Swedes, (Nos. 1545, 1546) 20 Finnish Eace , 21 Finns, Swedish, (Nos. 1542 to 1544) 20-1 Finns, True, (Nos. 1252, 1259, 1534 to 1541) 21-2 Fox Indians, (See Ottigamies) 65 Fuke-luste-Hadjo Indian, (No. 729) 67 Guanche, (No. 23) 35 Gee-Foo Malay, (No. 1310) 53 Gentoo Indians, (Nos. 1555, 1556) 76 Gepepscot Indian, (See Penobscots) 65 Germans, (Nos. 37, 706, 1060, 1062 to 1064, 1187 to 1191) 22-3 Gizeh Egyptians, (Nos. 1194 to 1209) 41 Golah Negroes, (Nos. 1093, 1094) 94 Grabbo Negro, (No. 645) 92 GrjECO-Egyptians, (Nos. 798, 799, 801, 804, 808,812,814, 815, 817, 821 824, 825, 837, 838, 840, 850, 856, 859, 868, 873, 875, 884, 893) 31-3 Greek, (No. 1354) 29 Gros-ventre Indians, (See Minetari) 61 Guaycuru Indian, (No. 1530.) 76 108 INDEX. Page. Hebrews, (Xo3. 807, 818, 842, 845, 865, 870. 879, 1299) 34-5 Hindoos, (See Ayras and Bengalees) 44-7 Hispano-Peruvians, (Nos. 50, 61) 100 Hispano-Indian, (No. 690) 101 Hottentots, (Nos. 1107, 1244, 1351) ' 95 Hovahs, (Nos. 1306, 1307) 96 Hurons, (Nos. 15, 607, 1217, 1218) 59 Hyperborean Race 48 Idiots, (See Lunatics) 101 Illinois ladians, (Nos. 1010, 1042) 59 Indians from Steubenville Caye, (Nos. 210, 420, 436 to 439, 658, 723)... 69 Indo-Chinese Race 47 Indostanic Race , 44 Introduction 13 Irish, (Nos. 18, 42, 52, 985, 986, 1186, 1356) 2&-7 Iroquois, (Nos. 16, 119, 989) 59 Japanese, (No. 668) 48 Javanese Malays, (See Malays') 53 Kaffers, (Nos. 1358, 1360) 95 Kalmuck, (No. 1553) 49 Kamskatkan (No. 725) 48 Kanakas of Oahu, (Nos. 564, 695) 54_5 " Sandwich Islands, (Nos. 565, 566, 572, 1300, 1308) 54-5 Kenhawha, (No. 212) , 72 Kens or Ancient Nubians, (Nos. 826 to 829) 41 KiUemook, (No. 576) 64 Klatsoni, (No. 577) 64 Kowalitsk, (No. 573) 63 Kroomen, (Nos. 1098, 1099) 94 Laplanders, (Nos. 1248, 1250, 1257, 1551, 1552) 50 Lenapes or Delawares, (Nos. 40, 115, 118, 205, 206, 418, 568, 1263 to 1265) 59-60 Lipan Indians, (Nos. 1345, 1346) 89 Loo-Choos, (Nos. 672, 673) 48 Lunatics and Idiots, (Nos. 9, 10, 14, 17, 36, 45, 55, 57, 58, 62 to 64, 243, 431, 458, 551, 841, 863, 988) 101-2 Maabdeh Egyptians, (Nos. 833, 834, 836, 1292) 42 Macua Negro, (No. 580) 92 Malayan Race 52 Malayo-Chinese, (No. 1342) 101 Malays of Amboyna, (Nos. 430, 459, 1338) 53 Bally, (No. 47) 53 INDEX. 109 Page. 5Ialay3 of Borneo, (Nos. 425, 1186) 53 " Ceylon, (No. 495) 53 " Gee-Foo, (No. 1316) 53 " Java, (Nos. 46, 428, 545, 1341) 53 " Macassar, (Nos. 429, 546,1340) 53 " Madura, (Nos. 201, 424, 1339) 53-4 « Malacca, (No. 460) 53 " Singapore, (No. 1337) 53 " Sumbawa, (No. 433) 54 « Tagelos, (No. 41) 52 " from other sources, (Nos. 543, 544) 53 Mandans, (Nos. 643, 644, 738 to 742) 60 Marquesas Islander, (No. 1531) 55 Massasauga, (No. 27) 72 Mayaladian, (No. 990) 73 Memphite Egyptians, (Nos. 796, 797, 805, 806, 809 to 811, 813, 816, 819, 820, 1223, 1235, 1291, 1519 to 1522, 1524) 39-40 Menominees, (Nos. 35, 44, 78, 454, 563, 1220, 1222) 60 Mexican Family 87 Mexicans, Ancient, (Nos. 234, 682, 1314) 89 " Modern, (Nos. 555 to 558, 689, 722, 1347, 1515) 90 " of the Aztec nation, (Nos. 734,735) 87 " Chechemecan, (No. 1005) 88 " of the Otomie nation, (Nos. 1000 to 1003, 1323) 88 " from Otumba, (Nos. 714 to 716) 88 " of the Fames tribe, (Nos. 681, 1313) 89 « from Pimos ijillage, (No. 1566) 89 « " Tacxrba, (Nos. 717 to 720) 88 « of the Tlahuica tribe, (No. 34) 87 «« of Tlascala, (No. 1004) 88 « of Tlatilocolo, (No. 1226) 89 Miamis, (Nos. 106, 407, 541, 542,1052 to 1058, 1233) 61 Slicco-Sukie Indian, (No. 733) 67 Midianites, (Nos. 671, 1296) 34 Mina Negro, (No. 422) 91 Minetaris, (Nos. 650, 746, 747,749) 61 Mingo Indian, (No. 455) 72 Mixed Races 98 Mohawks, (Nos. 895 to 897) 61 Mongolian Group , 47 Mozambique Negroes, (Nos. 237, 423, 1245) 91 Mulattoes, (Nos. 1234, 1319) 101 Muskogee, (No. 579) 58 Naas Indians, (Nos. 213, 214) 72 Nanticoke Indian, (No. 1219) 72 Narragansets, (Nos. 693, 950 to 957, 1040) 61-2 110 INDEX. Ps«e. Natchez, (Nos. 102, 1106) 62 Naticks, (Nos. 103, 104, 107, 110,401) 62-3 Naumkeag Indian, (No. 56*7) '2 Negro Group 90 Negroes born in America, (Nos. 1, 2, 69, 74, 235, 236, 548, 549, 900, 983, 984, 1301, 1302, 1318, 1320, 1321)... 90-1 Negroes, Oceanic, (Nos. 435, 1343) 97 Negroid Egyptians, (Nos. 800, 835, 852, 857, 858, 864, 869, 874, 885, 1238, 1239, 1294) 99-100 Negroid Indians, (Nos. 408, 636, 982) 100-101 New Hollanders 97 New Zealanders, (Nos. 202, 680, 1324, 1325) 55 Nilotic Raice., (See Egyptians) 35 Nisqually Indian, (No. 208) 64 Norwegian, (No. 1260) 19 Nubians, (Nos. 242,787, 839, 888) 100 Ombite Egyptians, (Nos. 830 to 832) 41-2 Oneida Indian, (No. 33) '2 Oregon Tribes 57-63 Osages, (Nos. 54, 660) 64 Ostrogoth, (No. 1255) 20 Otoes, (Nos. 755 to 758) 65 Ottawas, (Nos. 1006 to 1009) 65 Ottigamies, (Nos. 209, 415, 639, 694) 65 Parsees or Persian fire-worshippers, (Nos. 731, 743) 30 Patagoaians, (Nos. 226, 1357, 1359) 76 Pawnees, (Nos. 540, 1043) 65 Pelasgic Race 28 Penobscots, (Nos. 89, 105) 65 Peruvians from Arica, (Nos. 67, 227, 496, 1045, 1275 to 1284, 1363 to 1368) 76-8 « " Callao, (Nos. 233, 447, 448) 87 « " Lima and its vicinity, (Nos. 68, 91, 231, 412, 414, 452, 576) 86 " " Pachacamac, (Nos. 13, 30, 75 to 77, 84 to 87, 90 to 92, 93, 95 to 97, 99, 100, 108, 228, 229, 230, 400, 402 to 406, 409, 446, 450, 453, 541, 562, 568, 570, 571, 631, 642, 685 to 688, 696, 697, 699, 750, 752, 947, 1042, 1059, 1104, 1225, 1232, 1241, 1453, 1456 to 1483, 1489 to 1509) 8.^ » «< Pisco, (Nos. 38, 72, 445, 497, 498, 630, 996, 1048, 1061, 1221, 1269, 1326, 1369 to 1376, 1406 to 1445, 1484, 1485) 83-5 INDEX. Ill Page. Peruviaas from Santa, (Nos. Tl, 73, 79, 81,82,109, 449, 569) 85-6 " " Titicaca, CoracoUa and other places, (Nos. 11, 113, 232, 451, 637, 700 to 705, 710, 711, 1046, 1348, 1517, 1518) 86-7 Pessah Negroes, (Nos. 1095 to 1097) , 94 Phoenician, (No. 1352) 28 Phrenologically marked crania 103 Pocasset Indian, (No. 1036) 72 Polynesian Race 54 Potawatomies, (Nos. 657, 736, 737, 1322) 65 Prussians, (Nos. 1065, 1066, 1192, 1193) 24 Puelche, (No. 1359) 76 Quichua Indian, (No. 637) 86 Quinnipiack Indian, (No. 26) 72 Roman, (No. 1049) 29 Root-digger Indians, (See Shoshones) 67 Saparoua 53 Sauks, (Nos. 561, 1039, 1246) €6 Scandinavian Race 19 Sclavonians, (Nos. 1251, 1253) 28 Seminoles, (Nos. 456, 604, 698, 707, 708, 726 to 730, 732, 733, 754, 1105, 1286, 1556) 66-7 Semitic Race 34 Seneca Indian, (No. 1516) 72 Sepoy 45 Shawnees, (Nos. 440, 606,691, 1210) 67 Shoshones, (Nos. 1446 to 1449) 67-8 Singalese 53 Sioux Indians, (See Daeoias) 58 Skull from the field of Waterloo 27 Skulls illustrative of growth 103 Suevic Race 22 Swedes, (Nos 117, 1247, 1249, 1258, 148G to 1488) 19 «« Cimbric, (Nos. 1532, 1550) 20 " from Finland, (Nos. 1545, 1546) 20 «' " Sudermanland, (Nos. 1547 to 1549) 20 Swedish Finns, (Nos. 1542 to 1544) 20-1 Tapuyo Indian. (No. 1254) 76 Tasmanian, (No. 1343) 97 Theban Eu;yptian3, (See Egyptians) 36-9 Thuggs, (Nos. 712, 713) 45 Toltecaa Race 76 112 INDEX. Page. Trucky Indian, (No. 1446) 67 Turranic Swede, (No. 121) 20 Unclassifiedycraniak 103 Upsarookas, (Nos. 1228, 1229) 68 Winnebagos, (Nos. 559, 560) 68 Yamassees, (Nos. 1214 to 1216) 68 ACT OF INCORPORATION BY-LAWS ^tabenii) of l^ateal ^tientes PHILADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA: MERRIHEW & TH03IPS0N, PRINTERS. 1857. AN ACT TO IJfCORPORATE THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA. Whereas it Is represented to the Legislature that a number of per- sons have formed a Society in Philadelphia for the encouragement and cultivation of the Sciences, by the name of " The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," as a Society devoted entirely to the advancement of useful learning, and in order that the purposes thereof may be carried into better effect, Therefore, Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That all such persons as now are members of said Society, according to its rules heretofore adopted, or that hereafter may become members of the same, agreeably to its rules and regulations, be and they are hereby incorporated into a Society by the name of " The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," and by that name shall have perpetual succession, with power to have a common seal, and change the same at pleasure, to make contracts relative to the said institution, to sue and be sued, and by that name and style be capable, in law, of pur- chasing, taking, holding, and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the use of said corporation : Provided, that the annual income of such estate shall not exceed in value eight thousand dollars, nor be applied to any other purposes than those for which this corporation is formed. Sect. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the Society may establish By-Laws and orders for its government and regulation, and for the preservation and application of the funds thereof; Provided the same be not repugnant to the Constitution and Laws of the United States, or of this Commonwealth. Sect. 3. And be it further enacted bj the authority aforesaid, That the Society shall consist of members and correspondents ; and candi- dates for admission shall be elected under such rules, and upon such terms, as the Society shall establish ; aliens shall enjoy the full rights of members or correspondents in the Society; but members only shall have the right of voting, of holding offices, and of transacting busi- ness; and correspondents shall have the privilege of attending the meetings, and visiting the museum. Sect. 4. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the officers of the Society shall be a president, two vice-presidents, a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary, a treasurer, a librarian, and four curators, whose respective duties may be assigned by the By- Laws of the said Society, and they shall be elected at the last stated meeting of the Society in December in each year, and if any office should become vacant, it may be supplied by a special election, until the annual election then ensuing ; and until the next annual election for officers in the month of December, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen, the present officers are hereby vested with power to perform the duties prescribed by the existing rules of the Society, unless there be intermediate vacancies, and then the officer or officers to be elected shall have the full power of his or their predecessors. Sect. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That if the annual election for officers shall not be held at the stated day, the said corporation shall not be thereby dissolved, but the officers shall continue in office until a new election. REES HILL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ISAAC WEAVER, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the twenty-fourth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. SIMON SNYDER. Office op the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Harrisburg, April 25th, 1817. I certify that the above and foregoing is a true copy of the original law remaining on file in this office. Witness my hand and seal. JAMES TRIMBLE, [l. s.] Deputy Secretary. BY-LAWS OF THE ACADEMY or NATUEAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. CHAPTER I. Art. I. The Society shall be called The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Art. II. The Society shall consist of members and correspondents. ' Art. III. The right of voting, of holding offices, and of transact- ing business, lies solely "with the members : correspondents have the privilege of attending the meetings, and of visiting the museum. Art. IV. The common seal of the Society shall be the title of the association, surrounding the words, Instituted, 1812. Incorporated, 1817. Art. v. The Academy shall grant to each member and corre- spondent a certificate of membership, as follows : The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has elected a member of their association, this day of Correspond. Sec. Tl s 1 President. Record. Sec. Vice-President. Art. VI. The hall of the Academy shall be used for the purposes of the Society only. Art. VII. The officers of the Academy shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, a Librarian, and four Curators, who shall be elected at the last stated meeting; in December. CHAPTER II. ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDSNTS. Art. I. All candidates for admission into the Academy, -whether as members or correspondents, must be proposed in -writing by two members at a meeting of business, and be balloted for at the meeting of business next succeeding ; the aflSrmative votes of three-fourths of the members present shall be necessary to elect a candidate. Art. II. No person residing in Philadelphia can be chosen a cor- respondent ; nor shall any correspondent continue such after he shall have removed permanently to Philadelphia. In such case a re-election is not necessary, but the correspondent becomes liable for the semi- annual contributions, and is entitled to all the privileges of a member. Art. III. No person shall be entitled to the privileges of member- ship until he shall have paid the fee of initiation (except in cases of correspondents removing to the city), and signed the follo-o'ing obliga- tion: In becoming a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I promise to conform myself to its constitution, laws, and regulations, and in testimony thereof I do hereunto subscribe my name. Art. IV. If any member elect shall not sign the above declaration, and pay the fee of initiation Avithin six months from the date of his election into the Society, the said election may be declared null and void by a majority of the members present at any meeting of business. Art. V. If any person shall be balloted for and rejected, or his name -Rithdra-wn previous to the ballot, no note of said rejection or -withdra-wal shall be made on the minutes of the Academy. Art. YI. No person thus rejected shall again be proposed before the expiration of one year; nor shall any one -whose name has been ■withdrawn previous to the ballot, be again proposed before the expira- tion of six months from said -withdrawal. CHAPTER III. CONTRIBUTIONS AND PAYMENTS. Art. I. Every member elect shall pay to the treasurer an initiation fee of five dollars. Art. II. Every member shall be subject to a semi-annual contri- bution of five dollars, payable at tlie last stated meeting in June and December. Art. III. But any member •who shall pay into the hands of the treasurer the sum of one hundred dollars, shall be exempt from all future semi-annual contributions. Art. IV. The Academy may, as a mark of distinction, exempt any member from his contributions, provided it be proposed at one meet- ing of business, lie on the table for one month, and all the members present at the subsequent meeting of business agree thereto. Art. V. Every member who shall be absent from the city during the space of six or more months, may be exonerated from the pay- ment of his dues accruing during his absence. Art. VI. No member shall be entitled to vote at the annual elec- tion for officers, unless he can exhibit to the tellers a receipt in full for all his arrearages due to the Academy. Art. VII. No pecuniary contributions shall be required from cor- respondents : but correspondents residing in the United States shall be charged with a diploma fee of five dollars. CHAPTER IV. RESIGNATION AND EXPULSION OF MEMBERS. Art. I. Any member shall have leave to resign upon application made therefor, in writing, provided he can produce a certificate from the Treasurer that all arrears due from him to the Society have been discharged. Art. II. Members may be expelled from the Academy for any flagrant act of disrespect to the officers or members of the Academy, or wilful disregard of the Constitution and By-laws. Art. III. No member shall be expelled from the Academy unless three-fourths of the members present agree thereto, at least twelve members being present, and then not without having an opportunity of being heard in his own defence. Art. IV. No person thus expelled shall, under any circumstances, be received as a candidate for re-election. CHAPTER V. OF OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES. Art. I. The duties of the president are, to occupy the chair at the meetings of the Academy, to preserve good order and decorum, to resulate the debates, to nominate tlie chairman of all committees, other than those specially excepted ; and to call special meetings of the Society at such times as he shall deem necessary, or at the request of five members. Art. II. The duties of the Tice-president shall be the same as those of the president during his absence. Art. III. The recording secretary is to take and preserve correct minutes of the proceedings of the Society, to notify all members of their election, and all committees of their appointment, to keep a correct list of the members of the Society, with the date of their election, resignation, or death, to have charge of the common seal of the Academy, and to lay before the Society, at the last stated meet- ing in December, a -written report of its transactions during the pre- ceding year. Art. IV. The corresponding secretary is to maintain and conduct the correspondence of the Academy, and to acknowledge all donations made by those who are not members of the Society. He is to notify all correspondents of their election, and to keep a correct list of all such elections, as well as of any deaths, resignations, &c., that may occur, noting the time ; he is also to keep correct copies of all letters written on the business of the Academy, to have the care of the certificates of membership, and to have them filled up, signed, sealed, and forwarded to correspondents, or delivered to members, provided they exhibit to him a receipt from the treasurer that they are not in arrears to the Society, and shall read a minute of his transactions at each meeting for business. Art. V. The duty of the treasurer is to take charge of the funds of the Society, and to attend to the collection and payment of moneys ; but no moneys are to be paid by him except on an order from the auditors. He is to keep a clear and detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures, which is to be laid before the Academy at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VI. The duty of the librarian shall be to attend daily at the Hall from 11 o'clock A. M. to 2 J p. M., to take charge of all books belonging to the Academy, under the rules prescribed in Chapter VII, to keep a correct list of all donations or deposits of books, of those missing or lent, and to report on the state of the library at the last stated meetins; in December. Art. VII. The curators shall have charge of the Ilall of the Academy, purchase all articles wanted, hire janitors, report on what 9 repairs are necessary, and see that they are properly executed ; they shall keep the keys of all cases in the museum, and have charge of it under the rules prescribed in Chapter VIII ; they shall report all additions made to the different departments under their charge, at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VIII. The chairman of the curators shall attend daily at the Hall from 2| P. M. until sunset, to perform the duties of his office. CHAPTER VI. COMMITTEES AND THEIR DUTIES. Art. I. There shall be fifteen standing committees, viz.: 1, the Ethnological committee ; 2, the committee on Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology ; 3, committee on Mammalogy ; 4, on Ornitho- logy ; 5, on Herpetology and Ichthyology ; 6, on Conchology ; 7, on Entomology; 8, on Botany; 9, on Paloeontology ; 10, on Geology and Mineralogy; 11, on Physics; 12, on the Library; 13, on the Proceedings ; 14, the Auditors, each to consist of three members ; and 15, the Publication Committee, to consist of five members, -whose term of service shall be one year : and all these, except the Auditors and Publication Committee, shall be elected at the last meeting in January of each year. Art. II. The committees of auditors and of publication shall be elected in the same manner and at the same time as the officers of the Academy. Art. III. In appointing all other committees, the president is to nominate the first member of it, who is to nominate a second, the second a third, and in like manner successively, until the number agreed on be completed. Art. IV. All committees must report in writing ; and every report must be signed by a majority of the committee offering it. Art. V. All special committees must report at the meeting of business next succeeding their appointment. Art. VI. The committee of auditors shall, in conjunction with the treasurer, have the superintendence of the moneyed concerns of the Academy ; they shall examine all bills, and, if correct, give an order on the treasurer for the amount ; examine the treasurer's books and accounts, keep correct minutes of their proceedings, and report at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VII. The committee of publication shall conduct the publica- 10 tion of the Journal, under the rules prescribed in Chapter IX, and shall report to the Academy at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VIIL The library committee shall, in conjunction •with the librarian, have the superintendence of the books belonging to the Society, negotiate all exchanges of duplicates, and keep a correct list of all additions to the library, and report at the last stated meeting in January. Art. IX. The standing committees shall have charge, in conjunc- tion with the curators, of their respective departments, make ex- changes of duplicates, arrange and keep in order all donations and deposits, carefully labelling each article, and keep a correct catalogue of all additions to their respective departments, and report at the last stated meeting in January. CHAPTER VII. LIBRARY. Art. I. All works in the library must be classed according to their subjects. Art. II. The librarian shall keep a correct catalogue of all books belonging to the Society, which shall always be open to the inspection of members. Art. III. There shall be two sets of keys to the cases containing the books, one of which shall be kept by the librarian, and the other by the chairman of the library committee. Art. IV. The library shall be open to the gratuitous admission of the public on as many days and evenings of the week as the funds of the Society will enable them to command the attendance of a Li- brarian. Art. V. Members of the Academy alone shall have free access to the library. All other persons must obtain permission of the libra- rian, and minors under sixteen years of age shall not be permitted to examine any work, except under the immediate supervision of the librarian. Art. VI. The library shall be amply provided with chairs, tables, and writing apparatus, for the convenience of persons desirous to con- sult the books. Art. VII. Members may borrow books, the property of the Aca- demy, from the librarian, on signing a promissory note for fifty dollars, which shall become void on the book being returned. 11 Art. YIII. But no works shall be loaned from the hall on any account Avhatever, except those marked with an asterisk (thus *) in the catalogue, unless by an aflEirmative ballot-vote of three-fourths of the members present when the application is made ; and in the case of deposited books, the vrritten consent of the depositor having been previously obtained ; the name of the borrower and the title of the book to be recorded on the minutes, and security given for its safe return, by note or otherwise, for the full value thereof, according to the estimate of the librarian or the library committee. Art. IX. And whenever the librarian may deem it necessary to withhold the loan of books, permission must be obtained from the Society, two-thirds of the members present agreeing thereto. Art. X. Every book must be returned on the evening of business next succeeding the time at which it was borrowed, under a penalty of twenty-five cents for each week it shall be detained beyond such time. Art. XI. No member shall be allowed to renew the loan of a book if any other member shall be desirous of obtaining it. Art, XII. The librarian and library committee shall be responsible for all works committed to their charge. CHAPTER VIII. MUSEUM. Art. I. No specimen of Natural History contained in the collec- tions of the Academy shall be loaned from the Hall under any pre- tence, or for any purpose whatever. Art. II. The keys of the cases containing the collections shall be kept by the curators and members of the committees attached to the different departments, who alone shall have liberty to open the cases, and shall be responsible for all articles committed to their charge. Art. III. If any member is desirous to inspect more closely the specimens in the collection, for purposes of study or description, he must apply to the curators or the members of the committee on that department. Art. IV. All articles in the museum must be properly labelled as far as practicable, and a catalogue of the articles in each department kept by the committee attached to said department. Art, V, Articles presented to the Academy for the museum must, if possible, be arranged therein before the stated meeting next suc- ceeding their presentation. 12 Art, YI. "When a member of the Academy deposits in the museum a sufficient number of articles to fill an entire case, the key of said case shall be at all times at his command. Art. VII. Books or objects of natural history deposited with the Academy shall be returned only on a request of the owners or their representatives, and in all cases a receipt shall be given to the curators on the articles being returned. Art. VIII. No specimen which is not capable of being arranged in the cabinet shall be received on deposit, unless the sanction of the committee on the department in which the specimen may be classed, and that of the curators, be first reported in writing. Art. IX. The museum of the Academy shall be open to the gra- tuitous admission of the public on the afternoons of Tuesday and Friday from one o'clock until sunset. CHAPTER IX. JOURXAL. Art. I. The committee of publication shall immediately after their election appoint a secretary and treasurer, who shall keep correct minutes of the financial and other concerns of the Journal. Art. II. If any member absent himself from the meetings of the committee for three months, his place may be considered as vacant, and may be supplied by the Academy. Art. III. It shall be the duty of the committee to receive all such papers as have been pronounced worthy of publication by the Aca- demy, to have them published as early as possible, and to follow in the publication, as far as practicable, the order in which they have been reported on. Art. IV. No author shall be permitted to make any other than verbal alterations in a paper while in the hands of the publication committee, without the consent of the Academy, and the committee are not authorized to make any alteration in a paper committed to them without the consent of the author. All alterations proposed (other than verbal) must be read to the Academy. Art. V. Drawings shall be considered the property of the indi- vidual who furnishes them, and shall be returned when called for. Art. VI. It shall be the duty of the publication committee to read the proof-sheets of all papers, and Avhon practicable they shall also be submitted to the author for correction. 13 Art. VII. Where doubts arise as to the expediency of furnishing plates to an essay, the committee shall, as soon as possible, report the case to the Academy. Art. VIII. Every author shall be entitled to an extra copy of the number or numbers in which his papers appear, and on timely appli- cation to the committee, he shall be entitled to twenty extra copies of his paper at the Society's expense. Art. IX. The committees shall be responsible for the cost of pub- lication, and if the expenses exceed the receipts, they shall themselves make up the deficiency, unless, in any special case, the Academy, at a meeting of business and by a vote of three-fourths of the members present, make an appropriation to protect the committee from loss. Art. X. It shall be the duty of the secretary and treasurer of the publication committee to take charge of all papers reported for publi- cation, to keep an account of the number of the Journal printed, of the number presented, and to whom presented, and of those sold, and on hand ; they shall also keep a correct account of the money trans- actions of the committee, receiving all moneys arising from the sale of the Journal, and paying all bills for publishing the same, these having been first approved by the committee. Art. XI. The publication committee shall be authorized to ex- change the Journal for any work which they may deem of sufiicient value. Art. XII. No copy of the Journal shall be presented to any indi- vidual or Society, except by special resolution of the Academy. CHAPTER X. COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Art. I. All written communications intended for publication, read before the Academy, shall be referred to special committees, who are to report thereon at the meeting of business next succeeding their appointment. Art. II. All such communications become the property of the Academy, and shall be deposited in the archives after publication ; a copy, however, of any paper read before the Academy may be taken by the author. Art. III. But all written communications, which shall not be deemed fit for publication, may be returned to their authors, if duly requested. 14 CHAPTER XL MEETINGS. Art. I. The stated meetings of the Academy shall be held on Tuesday evening of each week, at hours fixed from time to time by the Academy. No change, however, can be made but after one month's notice, given at a meeting for business. Art. II. The last stated meeting in each month shall be called a Meeting for Business, and shall be appropriated to elections of mem- bers and correspondents, the enacting and altering of laws, the finan- cial concerns of the Society, receiving reports of committees, and in general to all such business as does not appertain to the scientific transactions of the Academy. Art. III. All other stated meetings shall be called Ordinary Meet- ings, and shall be devoted to scientific pursuits. No other business shall be brought forward, except in cases of urgency, and on a vote of two-thirds of the members present. Art. IV. Special meetings may be convened by resolution of the Society, or by public notice from the president, or at the request of five members. Art. V. Six members shall constitute a quorum. Art. YI. Strangers may be introduced at ordinary meetings of the Society. Art. VII. The order of business, at ordinary meetings, shall be : 1. Minutes of the last ordinary meeting shall be read. 2. Donations to the museum , shall be received 3. Donations to the library 4. Written communications to be made. 5. Verbal communications. 6. Business called up by special resolution. 7. Rough minutes read. 8. Adjournment. Art. VIII. The order of business, at meetings for business, shall be : 1. Minutes of the last meeting for business shall be read. 2. Reports of committees. 3. Corresponding secretary's report. 4. Deferred business. 5. New business. 15 6. Auditor's report of bills examined. 7. Elections. 8. Rough minutes read. 9. Adjournment. CHAPTER XII. Art. I. In all such points of order as are not noticed in these By- laws, the Academy is to be governed by the established usages of similar institutions. Art. II. Every proposition to alter or amend these By-laws shall be submitted, in writing, at a meeting for business, and if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members present, it shall be read at the meeting for business next succeeding ; and then, if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members present, it shall be again read at the next succeeding meeting for business, and on receiving the affirmative votes of two- thirds of the members present, it shall become a part. of these By-laws; Provided, that, at least, twelve members be present at each of the three readings. Art. III. No one or more of the By-Laws of this Academy shall be suspended. 16 OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, FOR 1857. ^ PRESIDENT. GEORGE ORD. VICE-PRESIDENTS. ROBERT BRIDGES; M. D., ISAAC LEA. CORRESPONDING SECRETAET. JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D. EECORDING SECRETARY. B. HOWARD RAND, M. D. LIBRAEIAK. J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D. TREASURER. GEORGE W. CARPENTER. CURATORS. JOSEPH LEIDY, M. D., WILLIAM S. VAUX, SAMUEL ASHMEAD, JOHN CASSIN. ROBERT PEARSALL, SAMUEL ASHMEAD, WILLIAIM S. VAUX. LIST OF MEMBERS CORRESPONDENTS ACADEMY or NATUEAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, ORIGIN OF THE SOCIETY IN 1812 TO MAECH 1, 1857. MEMBERS ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA. Names of members known to be deceased are in italics. Names of life mem- bers are preceded by an asterisk (*). Names of members who are not residents of the city, are followed by the letters (N. R.) Names of those who were originally elected correspondents, and became members by removal to the city, are followed by (corres.) The names of those who have resigned, or who have forfeited their mem- bership, are not included. Correspondents are regarded as members, when they become permanent residents in the city. AUinson, JV. S., M.D., Dec. 1812. Anthony, Thomas, 3^n. 1813. Abert, Col. J. J. (N.R.), Oct. 1828. Alden, Charles Henry, Jnne, 1837. *Ashmead, Samuel, Sept. 1839. Allen, Nathan, M.D., May, 1841. Ashmead, Samuel B., Jan. 1843. Allen, Wm. H., Aug. 1851. Allen, J. M., M.D., April, 1852. *Ashhurst, Lewis R., May, 1853. Agnew, Wm. G. E., May, 1853. ♦Barnes, John, M.D, (N.R.), April, 1812. * Barton, Edward, M.D., Aug. 1815. *Brown, Moses, Feb. 1817. *Biddle, Nicholas, Jan. 1818, *Brewer, John M., (corres.), Oct. 1820. Boweii, George T., Nov. 1822. Birch, William r.,Dec. 1823. Bonaparte, Charles L. (N.R.), Feb. 1824. *Bancker, Charles N., April, 1824. *Beck, Charles F., M.D., June, 182T. Betton, Thomas F., M.D., Dec. 1828. Bache, Alex. Dallas (N.R.), Jan. 1829. Bond, Henry, M.D., Jan. 1830. *Burrough, Marmaduke, M.D., Nov. 1830. ♦Bridges, Robert, M.D., Jan. 1835. Bowie, Thomas L., Dec. 1835. Browne, Peter A., May, 1841. *Baird, S.F. (N.R.) (corres.), Aug. 1842. *Biddle, Alexander, Aug. 1848. Barton, T. Pennant (N.R.), April, 1849. Belknap, Henry (N.R.), May, 1849. *Biddle, Clement, Jr., May, 1850. Brinton, John H., M.D., June, 1851. Bnrtt, J. L., M.D.,Oct. 1851. *Budd, Chas. H., M.D. (N.R.) Mar. 1852. Boiler, Henry J., April, 1852. Buckley, Ed. S., May, 1852. *Biddle, Henry J., Aug. 1852. Booth, James C, Sept. 1852. *Biddle, Thomas, May, 1853. 20 *Brown, John A., May, 1853. *Brown, David S., May, 1853. *Brown, Joseph D., May, 1853. Bullitt, John C, July, 1853. Biddle, John B., M.D., Dec. 1853. Borda, Eugene (N.R.), Sept. 1854. Barton, Isaac, March, 1855. *Barcroft, Stacy B., July, 1855. Brower, Robert F., M.D., (N.R.)Not. 1855, Blackwood, Wm., M.D., Jan. 1856. Brasier, Amable J., March, 1856. Boker, Chas. S., M.D., June, 1856. Binney,W. G., Sept. 1856. Correa de Serra, Joseph, Feb. 1814. Coze, Alexander S., Feb. 1815. * Collins, Zaccheus, March, 1815. Cleaver, Isaac, M.D., Jan. 1817. ^Clark, Edward (N.R.), Jan. 1817. *Carmalt, Caleb (N. R.), Aug. 1817. *Coates, Benj. H., M.D., April, 1818. *Carpenter, Geo. W., July, 1825. *Clark, John Y., M.D.,Feb. 1826. * Conrad, Solomon W., March, 1826. Conrad, Timothy A., (N.R.), Jan. 1831. Carson, Joseph, M.D., Oct. 1833. Chase, Heber, M.D., Aug. 1836. *Clay, Joseph A., Aug. 1837. Camac, William M., March, 1839. *Cresson, Charles C, Sept. 1840. *Cassin, John, Sept. 1842. Curtis, Josiah (N.R.), Jnne, 1843. Cuesta, Fernand de la (N.R.), Nov. 1844. Clemm, Charles, (N.R.) Oct. 1847. *Cope, Caleb, Jan. 1848. *Cooke, John, Jan. 1848, Caldcleugh, Robert A., Nov. 1851. Camac, Wm. M.D., April, 1852. *Claghorn, James L., July, 1852. *Collet, Mark W., M.D., Sept. 1852. Corse, James M., M.D., Nov. 1852. ■=^Cresson, JohnC, April, 1853. Collins, Percival, Sept. 1853. Cadwalader, Wm., March, 1855. Clements, Richard, M.D., July, 1855. Caldwell, Jas. E., March, 1856. Cresson, Chas. M.,M.D., March, 1856. *Cope, Alfred, July, 1856. Copp6, Henry, Dec. 1866. ^Dobson, Judah, Nov. 1813. Davis, David Jones, June, 1815. ^Dulles, Joseph H., Feb. 1816. * Deitz, Rudolph, 3&n. 1821. Durand, Elias, Aug. 1824. Dunn, Nathan (coTves.), June, 1828. Davis, Charles, M.D. (N.R.) March, 1842. Darrach, Wm., M.D., May. 1844. Dundas, James, Aug. 1844. *Dickeson, M. W., M.D., Oct. 1846. *Da Costa, J. C, Feb. 1852. Ducachet, Rev. H. W., D.D., April, 1852. *Dunglison, Robley, M.D., Jan. 1853. ^Draper, Edmund, May, 1853. Dock, George, M.D., Feb. 1854. Drysdale, Thos. M., M.D., Nov. 1854. Dunlap, Thos., Dec. 1856. JEberle, John, M.D., April, 1819. ^Ellmaker, Levi, April, 1829. Elwyn, Alfred L., M.D., Dec. 1831. Evans, Edm. C, M.D. (N.R.), Oct. I83B. *Ellet, Charles, Jr., April, 1842. Emery, Moses H., Sept. 1847. *Edwards, Amory (N.R.), March, 1852. Emerson, G.,M.D., Aug. 1853. Ennis, J., Feb., 1857. Frazer, Robert, April, 1814. *Fisher, Joseph, May, 1821. Fisher, Thomas, April, 1824. Foster, Wm. A., Nov. 1833. Foster, Hudson S., Jan. 1834. Frazer, John F., Sept. 1835. French, Benj. F. (corres.), Jan. 1843. *Frost, John, Sept. 1844. Foulke, Wm. Parker, Nov. 1849. ^Fisher, Jas. C, M.D. (N.R.), July, 1850. Fahnestock, Geo. W., Aug. 1852. *Fisher, Charles Henry, May, 1853. *Farnum, John, May, 1853. ■^Fisher, J. Francis, May, 1853. *Fell, J. G., May, 1853. Fassitt, Francis, Nov. 1854. Freeman, Wm. H., M.D., Dec. 1854. Forbes, W. S., M.D., Sept. 1856. Francfort, Eug., M.D. (N.R.), Oct. 1856. Fassitt, Louis, Jan. 1857. Fry, J. Reese, Jan. 1857. 21 *Gilliams, Jacob (founder), Jan. 1812. Griffith, R. Eglesfeld, M.D., May, 1815. Godviarif John D., July, 1821. Goddard, Paul B., M.D., Feb. 1829. Griscom, Samuel S., Nov. 1830. Gibbons, Wm. P. (N.R.), Nov. 1833. Gumbes, Sam. Wetherill, April, 1834. ^Gerhard, Wm. W., M.D., Nov. 1835. Gambel, Wm., U.D., Aug. 1843. Germain, Lewis J. (N. R.), April, 1846. Goddard, Kingston, Eev., Jan. 1848. Grant, Wtn. Robertson, M.D., Dec. 1849. Genth, Fred. A., M.D., April, 1852. Greene, Francis V., M.D., Sept. 1852, *Griflath, Robert E., Sept. 1852. Gardette, E. B., M.D., May, 1853. *Graff, Fredericli, May, 1853. *Grigg, John, May, 1853. Guillou, Constant, March, 1854. Geyelin, Emile, Sept. 1854. *Guex^ John A., Nov. 1854. Gibbs, George (N. R.), Jan. 1856. Garrigues, S. S., M.D., June, 1856. Gobrecht, W. H., M.D., July, 1856. Griffith, Robt. E., M.D., Oct. 1856. Gross, Saml. D., M.D., Dec. 1856. Gorgas, Albert C, M.D., Feb. 1857. * Haines, Reuben, Nov. 1813. *Hare, Robert, M.D., Nov. 1813. Hazard, Saml. (corres.), Jan. 1814. *Harlan, Richard, M.D., Oct. 1815. *Hays, Isaac, M.D., July, 1818. ffentz, N. M. (N.R.), May, 1819. *Hembel, William, Sept. 1824. *Hering, C. (corres.), Oct. 1826. Horsfield, S. C. C. (N.R.), Oct. 1830. HuflFnagle, Charles, M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1830. Hallowell, Edw., M.D., Feb. 1834. ^Harris, Edward (N.K.), Aug. 1835. *Haldeman, S. S. (N.R.), Jan. 1837. * Holmes, Charles, Feb. 1838. *Haines, John S., March, 1841. Heisier, J. P., M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1843. Heermann,AdolphusL.,M.D., April, 1845. Hartshorne, Edw., M. D., May, 1847. •*Haiaes, Robt. B., Jan. 1848. Henderson, A. A., M.D. (cor.), July, 1848. *Horner, Wm. E., M.D., Feb. 1849. Henry, Bernard, M.D., May, 1849. Hopkinson, Joseph, M.D., Feb. 1852. *Hewson, Addiuell, M.D., Jan. 1853. Hanson, H. Cooper, Feb. 1853. *Hallowell, Morris L., May, 1853. *Hutchiuson, J. Pemberton, May, 1863. Harding, George, Feb. 1854. Harrison, Joseph, Aug. 1854. Hilgard, Theo. C, M.D. (N.R.), Oct. 1854. Hooper, Wm. H., M.D., Dec. 1854. Hunt, William, M.D., Jan. 1855. Hartshorne, Henry, M.D., April, 1855. Hagedorn, C. F., Aug. 1855. Humphreys, George A., Sept. 1855. Bering, C. J., Sept. 1855. Howell, Saml. B., Nov. 1855. Hayes, Isaac I., M.D., Jan. 1856. Hoopes, B. F. (N.R.), Feb. 1856. Hesse, F. G. (N.R.) Nov. 1856. Jones, Thos. P., M.D., Dec. 1812. '^ James, Thos. C, M.D., March, 1814. *Jessup, Augustus E., Nov. 1818. Johnson, Walter R. (N.R.), Feb. 1827. *Jaudon, Samuel (N.R.), Jan. 1836. Jackson, Isaac R., Aug. 1841. *Jordan, John, Jan. 1851. *Jeanes, Joseph, May, 1853. *Jeanes, Samuel, Jan. 1856. ^Kneass, Wm., May, 1814. ^Keating, Wm. H, April, 1816. Keagy, J. M., M.D., Jan. 1833. Kane, Elisha K., M.D., Jan. 1843. *Kilvington, Robert, April, 1843. King, Charles R., M.D., June, 1843. Kern, Richard H., May, 1847. Kern, Benj. J., M. D., Sept. 1847. Kern, Edward M. (N.R), Oct. 1847. Keller, Wilhelm, M.D., Nov. 1848. Keim, George M. (N.R.), July. 1852. ^Keating, Wm. V., M.D., .Jan. 1853. ^Lukens, Isaiah, June, 1812. Le Conte, John (corres.), Feb. 1815. Lea, John, May, 1815. ^•Lea, Isaac, June, 1815. Longstreth, Joshua, June, 1815. *Lesueur, Chs. .4., Jan. 1818. 22 Land, John (N.R.), May, 1836. ■*Le Conte, J. L., M.D. (corres.) Feb. 1845. *Leid7, Joseph, M.D., July, 1845. *Lewis, Elisha J., M.D., July, 1846. ^Lambert, John, Nov., 1846. *Lea, M. Carey, Sept. 1847. *Leanig, Charles, Oct. 1847. *Ludlow, John L., M.D., Nov. 1847. Lejee, Wm. R., Feb. 1848. *Lea, H. C, Feb. 1848. Lewis, Francis W., M.D., Oct. 1849. *Lennig, Francis, July, 1851. Langstroth, Rev. L. L. (N.R.), Sept. 1851. *Lea, Joseph, June, 1852. *Logaa, J. Dickinson, M.D., March, 1853. Lang, Edmund, M D., April, 1853. *Lea, Thomas T., May, 1853. *Lewi3, A. J., May, 1853. *Lovering, Joseph S., May, 1853. Lippincott, Joshua B., June, 1853. Lesley, J. P., June, 1853. Luther, Diller, M.D., Oct. 1854. La Roche, C. Percy, Jr., Oct. 1855. Lewis, Samuel, M.D., Oct. 1855. *Mann, C. M. (founder), Jan. 1812. *Maclure, Wm., July, 1812. *M'Euen, Thos.,M.D., May, 1818. *Morton, Saml. Oeorge, M.D., April, 1820. *Mitchell, John K., M.D., July, 1822. Mickle, Andrew E., M.D., June, 1831. Mutter, Thos. D., M.D., July, 1833. M'Euen, Charles, Dec. 1834. Mifflin, George, March, 1835. Miller, Olement S., Dec. 1836. *Markland, John H., May, 1839. *Maclure, Alexander, Dec. 1840. Moss, Theo. F. (N.R.), June, 1845. M'Call, Col. G. A. (corres.), June, 1847. M'Clellan, J. H. B., M.D., Nov. 1847. Meigs, Charles D., M.D., April, 1848. M'Michael, Wm. (N.R.), June, 1850. *Meig8, J. Forsyth, M.D., April, 1852. * Morris, Jacob G., April, 1852. *Meigs, James Aitken, M.D., April, 1852. *Mercer, Singleton A., May, 1853. *Merrick, Samuel V., May, 1853. *Myers, John B., May, 1853. Mitchell, S. Weir, M.D., Sept. 1853. Merrick, J. Vaughan, April, 1854. M'llhenny, Wm. S., M.D., May, 1854. Messchert, M. H., June, 1854. Mallery, Garrick, Jr., Aug., 1854. Morris, J. Cheston, M.D., Oct. 1854. *Moore, Saml., M.D., Nov. 1855. M'Allister, John, Jr., June, 1856. Mayburry, Wm., M.D., Aug. 1856. Monnier, Alfred, Aug. 1856. Morton, Thos. George, M.D., Aug. ]856. Morehouse, Geo. R., M.D., Aug. 1856. "Norris, Wm., ,Jr., Dec. 1830. Neill, John, M.D., May, 1847. ^JVorris, Octavus A., Oct. 1849. Newbold, Thomas, M.D., Nov. 1854. *Ord, George, Sept. 1815. "Parmentier, iV. S. (founder), Jan. 1812. *Pierce, Jacob (N.R.), Dec. 1813. *Patterson, R. M., M.D., Jan. 1816. *Peale, Titian R. (N.R.), Aug, 1817. *Poulson, Charles A., Sept. 1823. " Pennock, C. W., M.D, (N.R.), June, 1824. *Freston, Jonas, M.D., Jan. 1825. Penrose, Saml. S., Nov. 1830. *Peterson, Robert E., April, 1831. Porter, R. R., June, 1833. Pearsall, Robert, Dec. 1835. Phillips, John S., Aug. 1836. Pepper, Wm., M.D., Feb. 1837. Percival, Thomas C, Jan. 1845. Powell, Samuel (N.R.), July, 1847. *Pancoast, Joseph, M.D., Dec 1847. Phillips, D. B., M.D., Oct. 1852. Page, Wm. Byrd, M.D., April, 1853. '■■Pepper, Henry, May, 1853. "Price, Richard, May, 1853. "Piatt, William, Maj-, 1853. Pennypacker, I. A., M.D., Sept. i854. Patterson, Wm. H., April, 1856. Penrose, R. A. F., M.D., April, 1856. Packard, John H., M.D., Nov. 1856. -■'Roich, Joseph, Feb. 1814. ^Randolph, Richard, May, 1814. Richardson, Caleb, Dec. 1814. ■^Rotch, Thomas, Feb. 1816. 23 Rafinesque, C. S., Feb. 1816. *Read, James, Dec. 1824. Reeve, Mark M., M.D, March, 1831. *Ruschenberger, W. S. W.j'M.D. (corres. May, 1832. Rivinus, Edw. F., M.D. (N.R.), Jan. 1834 Rogers, Henry D. (N.R.), Nov. 1834. Ryan, Thomas, Jan. 1836. Rogers, R. E., M.D., Feb. 1837. Rice, Willard M., Dec. 1842. Rogers, Ja7nes B., M.D., Oct. 1847. *Rosengartea, Saml. G., May 1850. Remington, R. P. (N.R.), Nov. 1850. •^Rand, B. Howard, M.D., Jan. 1851. ^Remington, Thos. P., May, 1853. Rogers, Fairman, Feb. 1854. ■■^•Rogers, W. Frederick, March, 1855. Rush, Madison, June, 1855. *Shinn, John, Jr. (founder), Jan. 1812. ^Speakman, John (founder), Jan. 1812. *Saj/, Thomas (founder), April, 1812. *S(ouse, Joseph, M.D., May, 1812. '■''Say, Benjamin, June, 1813. Stockton, E. B., May, 1815. *Smith, Charles W., Dec. 1815. "Smith, Jacob R., Dec. 1815. Stewart, William (N.R.), June, 1823. "*Spackman, George, M.D., July, 1825. -^Smith, Joseph P., Feb. 1826. *Seybert, Henry, Dec. 1826. Steinhaur, Rev. Dan., July, 1829. Smith, John B., April, 1834. ^Simmons, John, July, 1835. Shoemaker, Benj., (N.R.), Sept. 1835. Sndling, Samuel, Aug. 1836. *Say, Mrs. Lucy W. (N.R.), Oct. 1841. Stephens, H. S. (N.R.), May, 1843. Skerrett, David C, M.D., April, 1847. Sargent, F. W., M.D. Sept. 1847. ■^Sergeant, J. Dickinson, Oct. 1847. Smith, Francis G., M.D., Feb. 1849. Smith, Aubrey H., Sept. 1850. Smith, Charles E., June, 1851. Sherman, W., M.D., Oct. 1851. Sharpless, Caspar W., Jan. 1852. Struthers, William, Feb. 1852. *Seal, Thomas F. (N.R.), May, 1852. Sheafcr, P. W. (N.R), March, 1853. *Schaf hirt, Frederick, March, IBbh *Swift, Joseph, May, 1853. ^Sanderson, Ed. F. (N.R.), Sept. 1853- ,), Smyth, Samuel, (N.R.), June, 1855. *Spackman, Rev. H. S., July, 1855. . Smith, Alex. Hamilton, M.D. Dec. 185t). Souder, Edmund A., Feb. 1857. Troost, Gerard, '^.D. (founder), Jan. 1812. ^Thompson, J. Edgar, Feb. 1831. Tuft, John B., M.D. (N.R.), May, 1831. ^Taylor, Rich. C. (corres.), July, 1832. "^Townsend, John K., M.D., Sept. 1833. Turnpenny, Frederick, M.D., Nov. 1833. Trudeau, James, M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1835. *Trautwine, John C», April, 1852. Tingley, W. H., M.D., June, 1852. Taggart, Wm. H., M.D., April, 1853. Turner, Thos. J.. M.D., Feb. 1854. Tyson, Job R., May, 1854. Taggart, J. Edward, June, 1854. Tiedemau, Henry, M.D., July, 1855. Taylor, William J., Feb. 1857. Uhler, Wm. M., M.D., Jan. 1856. Vanuzem, Lardner, June, 1815. ■* Vaux, Roberts, March, 1818. * Vaughan, John, March, 1822. *Vaux, William S., March, 1834. Vanderkemp, John J., M.D. April, 1854. Vesey (de), Louis, (N.R.) Dec. 1856. Wilson, Alexander, June, 1813. Warner, Benjamin, Feb. 1814. Waterhouse, JohnF., M.D., March, ]«i4. ^Warder, William S., Dec. 1814. *Wagnei', William, June, 1815. Woollens, Jos., M.D., June, 1815. *Watso7i, Joseph, May, 1816. * Wethcrill, J. Price, March, 1817. ^'Wagner, Tobias, Oct. 1818. ^Williams, Henry J., April, 181S. *Wetherill, William, Feb. 1824. Wood, Wm. W. (N.R.), Jan. 1825. *Wood, George B., M.D., 1825. Ware, Nathaniel A. (N.R.), Oct 182t. * Wetherill, Charles, Nov. 1830. *Wistar, Richard, Jan. 1831. 24 ^Wilson, Thos. B., M.D.'June, 1832. *Whelen, Edward S., June, 1853. Walker, A. M. (N.E.), April, 1836. Wythes, Rev. Jos. H. (N.R.), Nov. 1853. Whelpley, James D. (N.R.), Mar. 1838. Woodward, J. J., M.D., June, 1855. Wistar, Mifflin, M.D., June, 1839. West, Hilborne, Sept. 1855. Watson, Gavin, M.D., April, 1840. Wilson, Joseph, M.D., Jan. 1856. Wetherill, Samuel (N.R.), Nov. 1843. *Weightman, Wm. Sept. 1856. Woodhouse, Sam. W., M.D., Nov. 1845. Wilson, Ellwood, M.D., Oct. 1856. -Wetherill, Chs. M., Jr., M.D., Feb. 1846. Warren, G. K., Feb. 1857. Whitman, Wm.'E., Feb. 1848. Wolgamuth, Francis F., Feb. 1848. Yeager, George, April, 1852. ^-Wilson, Wm. S. (N.R.), June, 1848. *Wheatley, Chs. M. (N.R.) March, 1850. Zantzinger, George, Sept. 1835. Wistar, Caspar, M.D., June, 1851. *Zantzinger,Wm. S., M.D., (N.R.) Oct. 1840. *Welsh, William, May, 1853. Ziegler, George T. Nov. 1856. *Wood, Richard D., May, 1853. Total number of members, ---.--- 338 Total number who have died members, - - - - - 103 CORRESPONDENTS Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1815. Abadie, Pedro, Lima, Peru, 1821. Audouin, J. Victor, M.D., Paris, 1821. Audubon, John James, New York, 1831. Anthony, John Gould, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1833. Agardh, Professor C. A., Lund, Sweden, 1834. Auber, Pedro Alessandro, 1835. Abadie, E. A., M.D., U. S. A., 1836. Agassiz, Professor Louis, Boston, 1836. Anton, Professor Frak., Halle, Germany, 1840, Alger, Francis, Boston, 1841. Arago, M., Paris, 1843. Avogadro, Amedeo, Turin, 1844. Audubon, Victor G., New York, 1845. Adams, Chas. B., Vermont, 1846. Aall, Nicolai, Christiana, Sweden, 1846. Antisell, Thomas, M.D., New York, 1852. Audubon, John W., New York, 1854. Adamson, J. C, M. D., 1855. Bartram, William, Kingsessing, Pennsylvania, 1812. Bedwell, Thomas, Jr., Rio Janeiro, 1812. Beelen A., Pittsburg, Pa., 1812. Brongniart, Alexandre, Paris, 1812. Bruce, Archibald, M.D. New York, 1812. Betton, Samuel, M.D., Germantown, 1815. Beck, T. Romeyn, M.D., Albany, New York, 1816. Bickley, Robert, Pennsylvania, 1816. Baldwin, William, M.D., Wilmington, Deleware, 1817. BlainvUle, H. Ducrotay De, Paris 1817. Bradbury, John, London, 1817. Bonelli, Professor Francisco, Turin, 1818. Brown, Samuel, M.D., Alabama, 1818. 26 Brantz, Lewis, Baltimore, Maryland, 1819. Bigshy, John J., M.D., Newark-on-Trent, England, 1320 Beudant,F. S.,'P&ris,l%2l. Borie, A. Amicus, Paris, 1821. Brewster, David, LL.D., Edinburgh, 1822. BucMand, Rev. William, D.D., Oxford, England. Brongniart, Adolph T., M.D., Paris, 1821. Best, Robert, Lexington, Kentucky, 1823. ^ Bellingeri, M. Turin, Italy, 1826. Berzelius, Professor J.Jacob, Stockholm, 1826. Burr, John H., M.D., Chiloe, Chili, 1829. Bustamente, Jose Marie, Mexico, 1828. Boue, Ami, Paris, 1830. Barabino, Joseph, New Orleans, 1831. Bachman, Rev. John, D.D., Charleston, South Carolina, 1832 Beaumont, Elie De, Paris, 1833. Beck, Leivis C, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1833. Bell, Thomas, London, 1834. Burchell, William J., London, 1835. Belot, Jule Henri, Paris, 1836. Binney, Amos, M.D., Boston, 1836. Blanding, William, M.D., Providence, R. I., 1831. Blanding, SImbel, M.D., South Carolina, 1836. Blanding, William, South Carolina, 1836. Broderip, William J., London, 1836. Brown, Benjamin B., St. Louis, Missouri, 1837. Barratt, Joseph, LL.D., Middleton, Connecticut, 1837 Backmann, Professor Charles Frederick, Jena, Germany 184