PROCEEDINGS '^J

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

>^7

s/

1858.

PHILADELPHIA:

PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY

1859.

9''!'

INDEX.

Academy Imperial des Sciences, Belles
Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux, don.
to lib., iii. ix. x. xxiv. xxv.

Academy Imp. des Sciences, Belles Let-
tres et Artsde Lyon, don. to lib., x.

Academy Imp. des Sciences, Arts et
Belles Lettres, de Dijon, don. to lib.,
viii.

Academia Reale della Scientia di Tori-
no, don. to lib., vlii. xxiv.

Academy, American, of Arts and
Sciences, don. to lib., xiv. xxii.

Academy of Sciences Royal Bavarian,
don. to lib., xi.

Academy Imperial Leopold-Carolinian,
don. to lib., xi. xxv.

Academy, Royal Prussian, of Sciences
Berlin, don. to lib. xi.

Academy of Science of St. Louis, don.
to lib., xii.

Academy, Royal of Naples, don to lib.,
xxi. xxiv. xxv.

Akademien, Kongliga Svenska Veten-
skaps, don. to lib., iii.

Akademie, Kaiserliche der Wissen-
schaften, don. to Ub., vii. xi.

Akademie, Koninkligke von Weten-
schoppen, don. to lib., vii.

Academy of Nat. Sci., California, don.
to mus. V.

Abbott, Chas.C, don. to mus., v.

Agnew, Rev. W. G. E., don. to mus., ii.

Allen, J. J., Esq., don. to mus. iii.

Andei'son, N. J., don. to lib., xii.

Anthony, J. G., don. to mus., ii. v. vi.

Ashmead, Mr. Saml., remarks on ma-
rine Algse, 8 ; resignation of Cura-
torship, 211 ; resolutions of tlianks
to, 212 ; don. to mus., ii.

Auditors, report of, on annual report of
Treas. 9.

Association, American, for the ad-
vancement of science, don. to lib.,
vi.

1858.]

Astor Library, don. to lib., iii.
Atkinson, Butler E., don. to lib., xxii.
Association, Young Men's Mercantile
Library, Cincinnati, don. to lib. xxii.

Baird, Prof. S. P., M. D., description
of a Phyllostome Bat from Califor-
nia, in the Museum of the Smithso-
nian Inst., 113; description of new
genera and species of N. American
Lizards, in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Inst., 222, don, to lib.,
xxvi.

Beesley, Thos., Esq., don. to mus., v.

Beadle, Rev. E. R., don. to mus., ii.

B. W., don. to mus., i.

Beke, Chas. T., don. to lib., iii.

Berand, M. T. C., don. to lib., iv.

Binney, W. G., Esq., notes on Ameri-
can land shells, No. 3, 113 ; notes
on American land shells, No. 4, 190 ;
don. to mus., ii. iv., don. to lib., x.

Bingham, R., don. to mus., i.

Biological Department, application of
members to be constituted, 4 ; re-
ports from adopted, 92 ; proceedings
of, 114 ; report from, 137 : report
from, 179 ; report from, 213 ; re-
port from, 222.

Bland, Thomas, Esq., don. to lib., viii.

Booth, Prof. Jos. C, remarks on crys-
tals of lead, 2.

Bridges R., M. D., don. to mias., v.

Bronn, Prof. H. G., don. to lib., vii.
xxi.

Brasier, A. J., don. to lib., xii. xviii.

Boston, City of, don. to lib., xiii.

Buckley, S. B., don. to mus., iv.

Biiche, J. W., don. to lib., xxv.

By-Laws, Amendments to, read 1st
time, 4 ; read 2d time, 9 ; read 3d
time and passed, 15 ; for the govern-
ment of Com. on Proceedings,
passed, 137.

IV.

INDEX.

Brown, Walter, don. to mus., vi.

Caldcleugh, Robert A., announcement
of death of, 135.

Camac, Dr. Wm., resolution by, 10 ;
don. to mus., iii.

Carson, Dr. Joseph, remarks on fruit
of Gayliissacia resinosa, 176 ; don.
to mus., i.

Canada, Geological Survey, don. to
lib.,xxi. xxii.

Cassin, John, remarks on Falco polya-
grus, 1 ; announcement of death, of
Dr. Hare, 114 ; description of a new
Tanager from the Isthmus of Darien,
and note on Selenidera spectabilis,
177 ; read letter from Capt. Lynch,
179 ; Catalogue of Birds collected
by Dr. A. A. Henderson, U. S. N.,
at Hakodadi, 190 ; remarks on Hes-
periphon vespertina, 191 ; resolu-
tions by, 211, 212 ; don. to lib., xviii.

Christy, Prof. David, note on fossils, '
190 ; don. to lib., xxii. ; don. to
mus., vi.

Clanton, S. W., Esq., don. to mus., i.

Claparede, R. E., don. to lib., xi.

Cleaveland, T. P., don. to mus., iii.

Coates, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., vii.

Committee on Biological Department,
4.

Committee on Aquarium, 10.

Committees, election of standing, 5.

Committees on scientific papers : on
Catalogue and notes on the Egyptian
Antiquities in the Collection of Acad,
of Nat. Sciences, by J. H. Slack, 1 ;
on Remarks on an Optical Illusion,
by Dr. Alexander Wilcocks ; on de-
scriptions of new organic remains,
collected ia Nebraska Territory, by
Dr. F. V. Hayden and others, un-
der the direction of Lieut. G. K.
Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., with some
remarks on the Geology of the Black
HiUs, &c., 9 ; on Prodromus Des-
criptionis Animalium Invertebrato-
rum quae in Expeditione ad Ocean.
Pacif. Septentrion. a Repub. Feder.
missa Cadwalladaro Ringgold et Jo-
hanne Rodgers ducibus, observavit
et descripsit W. Stimpson, 11 ; on
notice of Remains of extinct verte- [
brata, from the Valley of the Nio-
brara River, collected during an ex- j
pedition under the command of i
Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. [
Eng. to explore the region of the i

Black Hills, by Dr. F. V. Hayden,
Geologist to the Expedition, by Jo-
seph Leidy, M. D., 11 ; on Descrip-
tions of new species of Coleoptera,
chiefly collected by the U. S. and
Mexican Boundary Commission un-
der Maj. W. H. Emory, by John L.
LeConte, M. D., 12 ; on descriptions
of new species of Neuropterous In-
sects, collected by the North Pacific
Exploring Expedition under Cax)t. J.
Rodgers, by P. R. Uhler, 12 ; on De-
scriptions of a new Helix and two
new Planorbes, by Isaac Lea, LL.
D. ; on Descriptions of eight new
species of Unio, by ^Isaac Lea, LL.
D., 12 ; on Prodromus Animalium
evert ebratorum, &c., observavit et
descripsit W. Stimpson, 90 ; on con-
tributions to Helminthology, by Jo-
seph Leidy, M. D., 90; on notes on
American Land Shells, No. 3, by
Wm. G. Binney, 113 ; on descrip-
tion of a new Phyllostome Bat from
California, in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution, by S. F.
Baird, M. D., 113 ; on Prodromus
descriptionis Animalium Evertebra-
torum, &c., observavit et descrip-
sit W. Stimpson, Pars vi. ; Crusta-
cea Oxystomata, 135 ; on descrip-
tions of seven new species of Mar-
garitana and four new species of
Anodonta, by Isaac Lea, LL. D.,
135 ; on notes to a second edition of
a Geological Map of Nebraska and
Kansas, by F. V. Hayden, M. D.,
135 ; on descriptions of twelve new
species of Uniones and other fresh-
water shells of the U. States, by
Isaac Lea, LL. D., 163 ; on notes
upon various new genera and spe-
cies of Fishes in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution, and collect-
ed in connection with the U. States
and Mexican Boundary Survey, Maj.
Wm. H. Emory Commissioner, by
Chas. Girard, M. D., 165 ; on Mine-
ralogical notes, by W. J. Taylor,
171 ; on description of a new Tana-
ger from the Isthmus of Darien,
and note on Selenidera spectabilis,
by John Cassin, 177 ; on description
of a new species of Argynnis, by
James C. Fisher, M. D., 178 ; on
Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the
regions adjacent to the boundary be-
tween the U. States and Mexico, by

[1858.

INDEX.

John L. Le Conte, M. D., 179 ; on
communication of J. J. Hayes, 113 ;

on Say's Conchology, authority to
sell, 114 ; on descriptions of two
new species of Birds from the vicini-
ty of Fort Tejon, California, by John
X. De Vesey, U. S. A., 117 ; on de-
scription of a new Toxostoma, from
Fort Tliorn. New Mexico, by Dr. T.
Charlton Henry, U. S. A., 117;
on description of four new fresh-
water MoUusca, from the Isthmus of
Darien, by Isaac Lea, LL. D., 118 ;
on memoranda of the effects of car-
buretted hydrogen gas upon a col-
lection of exotic plants, by G. W.
Fahnestock, 118 ; on notes on
American land shells, by W. G. Bin-
ney, 190 ; on description of the em-
bryonic forms of thirty-eight spe-
cies of Unionidae, by Isaac Lea, and
on new Uuionidae of the U. S., by
Isaac Lea, LL. D., 190 ; on cata-
logue of Birds collected by Dr. A. A.
Henderson, U. S. N., at Hakodadi,
Japan, with notes by John Cassin,
190 ; on Ichthyological Notices, by
Chas. Girard, M. D. 213 ; on Pro-
dromus descriptionis animalium
evertebratorum, &c., observavit et
descripsit W. Stimpson, 213 ; on de-
scription of new genera and species
of N. American Lizards in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, by S. F. Baird, M. D., 222 ;
on remarks on the lower cretaceous
beds of Kansas and Nebraska, with
descriptions of some new species of
carboniferous fossils from the val-
ley of the Kansas River, by F. B.
Meek, and F. V. Hayden, *M. D.,
222.

Company, Directors of East India, don.
to lib., xvii.

Cooper, Miss M. A., don. to mus., xii.

Cox, Harry and Kowland, don. to
mus., iv.

Correspondents elected, 273.

Corse, Dr. R. M., remarks on testicles
of Arctomys monax, &c., 165, don.
to mus., vi.

Cresson, Dr. C. M,, vote of thanks to,
176 ; remarks on ripple marked
sandstone, 177 ; don. to mus., iv.

Cresson, E. T., don. to mus., iii. v.

Cuming, H., don. to mus., vi.

Curioni Giulio, don. to lib., xxiv

1858.]

Dana, J. B., don. to lib., xxv.
Dawson, Mr. J. W., don. to lib., iii.
Department of War, don. to lib., iii.

ix. xiii. xxii.
De Vesey, John Xanthus, description

of two new species of birds from the

vicinity of Fort Tejon, California,

117.
Dougherty, A. J., don. to mus. i. vi.
Drexler, C., don. to mus., vi.
Drinker, S. Esq., don. to mus., v.
Dowler, Dr. Bennet, don. to lib., vi.
Durand, Elias, don. to lib., xxv.
Durand, Alfred B., don. to mus., iv.

Editors Charleston Medical Journal

and Review, don. to lib., iii. xii.

xiii. xxii.
Editors American Jour. Sci. and Arts.

don. to lib., iii. v. ix. xii. xiii. xxii.
Editors New Orleans Med. and Surg.

Journ., don. to lib., iii. v. viii. ix.

xii. xvi. xxii.
Editors of Canadian Naturalist and

Geologist, don. to lib. , iii. vi. ix.

xii. xiii. xxii.
Editor of Journal of Ind. Archipel. and

Eastern Asia, don. to lib., iii. x.
Editor of London Nat. Hist. Review,

don. to lib., iii. xi. xiii. xxv.
Editors of the Wurtembergische Natur-

wissenschaftliche Jahreshefte, don.

to lib., iii. xi. xiii.
Editor of Archiv fur Naturgeschichte,

don. to lib., iii. vii. xi. xiii.
Editors of Canadian Journ. of Indus.

Sci. and Arts, don. to lib., v. x. xiii.

xviii.
Editors of Peninsular Jour, of Medi-
cine, don. to lib., v.
Editors of New York Journ. of Medi-
cine, don. to lib., v. xii. xiii. xxii.
Editors of Zeitschrift fur die Gesamm.

Naturwis., don. to lib., vii.
Editors of Abhandlun. des Naturwis.

Vereins fur Sachsen und Thnringen

in Halle, don. to lib., vii.
Editor of Neues Jahrbuch fur Min.

Geog., &c., don. to lib., xi. xxv.
Editors of American Journ. of Phann.,

don. to lib., xiv.
Election of standing committees, 5 ;

annual of officers, 272 ; of members

and correspondents, 273.
Rrdmann, A., don. to lib., vi.
Eppes, Dr., don. to mus., vii.
Fahnestock, George W., memoranda

of the effects of carburetted hydro-

VI.

INDEX.

gen gas upon a collection of exotic
plants, 118.

Farquhar, Gr. W., don tomus., iv.

Faraday, Michael, don. to lib., viii.

Fisher, .J. B., Esq., don. to mus., iv.

Fisher, Dr. James C, resolution by,
137 ; announcement of death of J.
W. Van Cleve, 177 ; announcement
of payment of mortgage debt, 178 ;
description of a new species of Ar-
gynnis, 178 ; don. to lib., xvi., don.
to mus., iv. V.

Fisher, .J. G., Esq., don. to mus., v.

Fleming, Capt., don. to lib., xii.

Foulke, Wm. Parker, remarks on the
Deep River Country, 9 ; correction
of misprint in the Proceedings of
16th of Feb., 1858, 113 ; remarks on
the fossil bones, shells, and wood
presented by him, 213; don. to mus.,
vi.

Frishmuth, Wm., don. to mus. iii.

Gabb, Wm. M., don. to mus., iii.

Gerstaecker, Dr. A., don. to lib., xiv.

Gibbs, George, don. to mus., ii.

Gillis, Lieut. J. M., LL.D., U. S. N.,
don. to lib., xiii.

Girard, Dr. Charles, notes upon vari-
ous new genera and new species of
fishes in the Museum of the Smith-
sonian Inst., and collected in con-
nection with the U. States and Mexi-
can Boundary Survey, Maj. Wm. H.
Emory, Commissioner, 165; Ichthyo-
logical notices, 213.

Goddard, Dr. Paul B., don. to mus..

Haines, Wm. A., Esq., don. to mus., ii.

Hammond, Dr. Wm. A., U. S. A., re-
marks on sections of jet, 11 ; resolu-
tion by, 18 ; secondaiy formation
of blood crystals, 177 ; don. to mus.
ii. remarks on fossils presented by
Mr. Foulke, 221.

Hall, Prescott, don. to mus., iii.

Hansen, P. A., don. to lib., viii.

Hare, Dr. Robert, announcement of
death of, 114.

Harris, Edward, Esq., letter on Salmo
Gloverii, 135 ; don. to mus., iii.

Hartshorne, Dr. Henry, report of Sum-
mary of Trans, of Biol. Dept. , 92.

Harvey, Prof., of Dublin, extract of
letter from, on algre, 8.

Hawkins, J. S., don. to mus., 1. iii.

Hayden, Dr. F. V., notes to a second

edition of a geological map of Ne-
braska and Kansas, 135 ; don. to
mus., iii.

Hays, Dr. Isaac, remarks on tooth of
new Mastodon, 10 ; death of Dr.
Minturn, 176.

Hays, Dr. Isaac I., communication
from, 113.

Henderson, Dr. A. A., U. S. N., don.
to mus., iii. iv. v. vi.

Hazeltine, Ward B., Esq., don. to
mus., i.

Henry, Dr. T. Charlton, U. S. A., de-
scription of a new Toxostoma from
Fort Thorn, New Mexico, 117.

Higgins, Frank., don. to lib., xviii.

Hines, J. M., don. to mus., i. vii.

Holmes, F. S., Esq., don. to lib., v.
xiii.

Hopkms, Dr. H. St. G., don. tomus., i.

Hunt, T. Sterry, don. to lib., ix.

Huddy, Mr., don. to mus., i.

Hulick, James, don. to mus., iii.

Institute, Royal Imperial Geological,

don. to lib., xi.
Institute, Maryland, don. to lib., xiii.

Janeway, Dr. J. H., don. to mus., vi.
Jacubowitsch, Dr. W., don. to lib., xi.
Jardin des Plantes, exchange with

mus., i. iii.
Jeanes, Joseph, Esq., don. to lib., iv.;

don. to mus., v.
Johnston, A. S., don. to mus., vi.

Kirkland, Mr., don. to mus., i.
Kuhn, C, don. to mus. iv.

Lacordaire, M. F., don. to lib., iv.

Lapham, J. A., don. to lib., iii.

Latour, Huguet, Capt., don. to lib.,
xxiv.

Lawson, Dr. George, don. to lib., xxiv.

Lea, Isaac, LL. D., remarks on frag-
ments of conglomerate, &c., 11 ; de-
scriptions of a new Helix and two
new Planorbes ; remarks on collec-
tions of fresh-water Molluscs, 13 ;
on a specimen of rosin found with
coal, 15 ; remarks on Permian and
Triassic formations in Kansas and
in Penn., 90 ; remarks on speci-
mens of Unionidre, 114; descriptions
of four new fresh-water Molluscs,
from the Isthmus of Darien and
Honduras, 118 ; remarks on a spe-
cimen of Unio rubiginosus. 135 ; de-

[1858.

INDEX.

scriptions of seven new species of
Margaritaua and four new species of
Anodonta, 135 ; descriptions of
twelve new species of Uniones and
other fresli-water shells of the U. S.,
163 ; remarks oa Triquetra contor-
ta, 169 ; descriptions of the Embry-
onic forms of 38 species of Unionid;TS
and new Unionidse of the U. S., 190 ;
remarks on fossils presented by Mr.
Foulke, 218 ; don. to Ub., iv. ; don.
to mns., i. ii.

Le Conte, Dr. J. L., remarks on Mas-
todon bed at the village of Tambla,
7 ; descriptions of new species of
Coleoptera, chiefly collected by the
U. S. and Mexican Boundaiy Com-
mission, &c., 12 ; catalogue of the
Coleoptera of the regions adjacent
to the boundary between the U. S.
and Mexico, note on the species of
Eleodes found within the U. S., 179 ;
motion by, for a Com., 18 ; remarks
on Coleopterous Insects of Japan,
163; don. to mus., i. ii. iii. iv. v.
vii.

Ijeidy, Dr. Joseph, remarks on Urna-
tella gracilis, 1 ; notice of collection
of fossils brought from Nebraska
Territory, by F. V. Hayden, 1 ; re-
marks on the remains of Camel and
Wolf from Nebraska, 2 ; remarks on
fossil Mammalia from Nebraska, 7 ;
resolution of thanks to Mrs. R. Pier-
pont, 7 ; read a letter from Messrs.
Meek and Hayden, 9 ; remarks on
fossils from Nebraska, 10 ; notice of
remains of extinct vertebrata from
the valley of the Niobrara river,
&c., 11 ; remarks on a cast of a Mas-
todon tooth, &c., 12; read a letter
from B. F. Shumard, 14 ; remarks
on fossil remains from Nebraska, 89 ;
contributions to Helminthology, 90 ;
remarks on Chrysalides of the can-
ker worm (Eudolimia), 137 ; re-
marks on Rhyncodemus sylvaticus,
171 ; remarks on a specimen of Cryo-
lite, 177 ; remarks on antler of rein-
deer, 179 ; remarks on Polyzoa, 1>^8 ;
remarks of, on Hadrosaurus Foulkii,
215 ; don. to lib., xxiv. xxvi. ; don.
to mus., iii. v. vi. vii.

Lehman, J. A., don. to mus., vi.

Lesley, J. P., remarks on reverse drain-
age of uplands bordering the Ohio,
8, 9 ; remarks on fragments of con-
glomerate from under the coal, &c.,

1858.]

11 ; remarks on a specimen of lig-
nite with rosin, 14.

Lesquereux, L., don, to lib., ix.

Lettsom, W. U. Esq., don. to lib., ix.

Lynch, Capt. F. W., U. S. N., letter
from, on Human bones from Brazos
Santiago, 179 ; don. to mus., v.

Lugren, Dr. H. Gr., don. to mus., vi.

Ludlow, Dr. B. C, don. to mus., vi.

Morris, Dr. J. C, don. to mus., vii.

Maitland, R. F., don. to lib., iii. xiv.

Martins, Dr. C. F. P., von, don. to lib.,
xxiv.

Meek, Mr. F. B. and Dr. F. V. Hayden,
descriptions of new organic remains
collected in Nebraska Territory, by
Dr. F. V. Hayden and others, under
the direction of Lieut. G. K. Warren,
U. S. Top. Eng., with some remarks
on the Geology of the Black Hills
and portions of the surrounding
country, 9 ; letter from, 9 ; remarks
on the Cretaceous Beds of Kansas
and Nebraska, with descriptions of
some new species of Carboniferous
Fossils in the valley of the Kansas
River, 222.

Meigs, C. D., M. D., don. to mus., vi.

Meigs, Dr. J. A., don. to mus., iii.

Michener, A. C, don. to mus., i.

Minturn, Dr. Edward, announcement
of death of, 176.

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, on the Blood
Crystals of the Sturgeon, 92 ; don.
to lib., ix. XXX. don. to mus., iii.

Moore, Dr. Francis, don. to mus., ii.
iii.

Morris, Rev. Dr., invitation to mem-
bers of the Academy to meeting of
the Amer. Assoc, at Baltimore, 12.

Morse, James W., Esq., don. to mus., i.

Motschulsky, Col. V., de don. to lib., x.

Murchison, Sir Roderick L, don. to
lib., iv.

Miiller, Dr. Johannes, announcement
of death of, 135.

Moore, C, Esq., don. to mus., vi.

Naglc, Joseph M., don. to mus., ii.
Nodot, M. S., don. to lib., viii.
Morris, Thaddeus, don. to mus., iv.
Norcom, Dr. Wm. A., don. to mus.,
vii.

Ord, George, President.

Observatory, Dudley, don. to lib., xvi-

Osborn, Rev. H. S., don. to mus., iv.

VUl.

INDEX.

Osten Sacken, Baron R., don. to lib., x.
Owen, David Dale, M. D., don. to lib.,
vii.

Pease, M., don. tomus., ii.

Pierpont. Mrs. R., resolution of thanks

to, 222; dou. to mus., vi.

Packer, Gov. Wm. F., thanks of Acade-
my to, 222 ; don. to mus., vi.

Phoebus, Phillip, don. to lib., xxv.

Piggot, Dr. A. S., don. to mus., vi.

Portlock, Col. J. E., don, to lib., v.

Postell, James, don. to mus., ii.

Powell, Samuel, Esq., remarks on a
volcanic agency, 8 ; don. to mus., i.
iii. iv. V. vi. vii.

Powell, John Hare, don. to mus., i. ii.
iii.

Powell, Miss Mary E., don. to mus.,
ii, iv.

Publication Committee, report post-
poned, 272.

Rand, Chas. S., don. to mus., ii.

Reports of Committee on Junction with
Biological Soc, 2 ; on paper of J,
H. Slack, catalogue and notes, &c.,
5 ; on Dr. Wilcock's paper, 15 ; on
pai^er of Messrs. Meek and Hayden,
15 ; on paper of Wm. Stimpson, 15 ;
on paper of Dr. Leidy, 15 ; on pa-
per of Dr. Le Conte, 15 ; on paper
of Mr. Uhler, 15 ; on two papers by
Mr. Lea, 15 ; on paper of Mr. Stimp-
son, 93 ; on paper of Joseph Leidy,
M, D., 110 ; on paper by Wm, G.
Binney, 1 14 ; on paper by Spencer
F. Baird, M. D., 116 ; on paper by
J. X. De Vesey, 117 ; on paper by
Dr. T. Charlton Henry, U. S. A.,

117 ; on paper by Isaac Lea, LL. D.,

118 ; on memoranda by G. W. Fali-
nestock, 118 ; on paper by Isaac
Lea, LL. D., 138 ; on paper by Dr.
F. V. Hayden, 139 ; on paper by W,
Stimpson, Esq., 159 ; on communi-
cation by Dr. I. I. Hayes, 164 ; on
paper by Isaac Lea, LL. D., 165 ;
on paper by Chas. Girard, M. D,,
167 ; on paper by Wm. J. Taylor,
172 ; on paper by John Cassin, Esq.,
177 ; on paper by Dr. Le Conte,
179 ; on paper by Dr. J, C. Fisher,
179 ; on paper of Dr. Le Conte, 180 ;
on paper of John Cassin, 191 ; on
papers of Isaac Lea, LL. D., 191 ; on
paper of W. G. Binney, 197 ; on
paper of Dr, Charles Girard, 223 ; on

paper of Wm. Stimpson, 225 ; on pa-
per of Spencer F. Buird, 253 ; on
paper of T. B. Meek and F, V. Hay-
den, 256.

Report of Curators, Annual, 270.

Report of Treasurer, Annual, 272.

Report of Corresponding Secretary,
266.

Report of Recording Secretary, An-
nual, 269.

Report of Librarian, Annual, 269.

Resolutions, on communication of Dr,
I, I. Hayes, 113 ; repealing former
resolutions on Committee on Pro-
ceedings, 137 ; of Committee on pa-
per of Dr. Hayes, 164 ; on special
agent of Virginia lands, 179 ; of
thanks to S. Ashmead, 212 ; direct-
recting the Proceedings'fii the Acade-
my to be furnished to Mrs. L. W.
Say, 212 ; giving to Mrs. C. Watson
authority to endorse tickets, &c.,
212 ; on the resignation of the Pre-
sident, Mr. George Ord, 272,

Richardson, Dr, T. S., don. to mus.,
iii.

Ridings, James, don. to mus., v.

Rogers, Prof. W. B., don to lib., xiii.

Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S. W., U. S.
N., Report of Committee of Confe-
rence [with Biological Society on
junction of Societies, 2 ; don. to
mus,, V,

Rogers, Erof, R, E, M, D., don, to
mus. vii.

Sanford, Mr. C. 0., letter from, 212.
Sandberger, Drs. G. and F,, don. to

lib., iv,
Saussure, H, de, don, to lib,, viii.
Say, Mrs. L. W., Proceedings to be

sent to, 212.
Sergeant, J. D., Esq., don. tomus., ii.

iv. V. vi.
Shumard, Dr. B. F. and G. C. Swallow,

don. to lib., vii.
Slack, Mr. J. H,, catalogue and notes

on the Egyptian Antiquities in the

collection of the Acad. Nat, Sci, of

Phila., 1 ; don. to lib., iii. ; don. to

mus., i. ii. iv. v. vi, ; don. to lib.,

xxii.
School of Mines, don. to lib., iii. viii.

X. xvi.
Smith, Aubrey H., Esq., remarks on

figures from Siam, 2.
Sharswood, Wm., don. to lib., xvi.
Smith, John Henry, don. to mus., i.

[1858.

INDEX.

IX.

Society, Royal, of London, don. to

lib., xviii.
Society, Natural History, of Freiburg,

don. to lib., xxiv. xxv.
Society, Natural History, of Zurich,

don. to lib., xxiv.
Society, Royal, of Edinburgh, don. to

lib., xxiv.

Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus.,

ii.
Society, Zoological and Botanical, of

Vienna, don. to lib., iii.
Society, Amer. Geog. and Statistical,

don. to lib., iv.
Society, Zoological of London, don. to

lib., iv.
Society, Royal, of Sciences at Liege, j Society^ Natural History, of Danzig,

don. to lib., iv. xxv. ] xxv.

Society, Academical, of Maine et Loire, i Society, Natural History, of Saxony

don. to lib., iv. I and Thuriugen in Halle, xxv.

Society, Geological, of London, don. to Society, Royal, of Gottingeu, don. to

lib., V. vi. X. xvii. i lib., xxv.

Society, Boston, of Nat. Hist., don. to Society, Natural History, of Geissen,

lib., V, ix. xvi. xxiv. i xxv.

Society, Royal, Gardeners in Berlin, | Society, Natural History, of Wurtem-

don. to lib., vii. j burg, xxv.

Society, Royal Saxony, of Sciences at , Society, Imp. of Agriculture, Lyons,

Leipsic, don. to lib., vii.
Society, Wurtemberg, Nat. Hist., don.

to lib., vii.
Society, Royal Danish, Nat. Hist., don.

to lib., vii.
Society, Imp., Nat. Sci. of Cherbourg,

don. to lib., viii.

Society, Lyceum of Nat. Hist., of New

York, xxv.
Sommerville, Dr. J. M., don. to mus.,

ii.
BorbyH. C, don. to lib., vii.
Swallow, G. C, don. to lib., xii.

Society, Historical, of Penn., don. to Swift, Robert, Esq., don. to mus., ii. iv.

lib., viii.

Society of Pliys. and Nat. Sci., Bor-
deaux, don. to lib., viii.
Society, Geol. and Polytech., of West

R. of Yorkshire, don. to lib., viii.
Society, Leeds, Phil, and Literary, don.

to lib., viii.
Society of Arts, London, don. to lib.,

ix. xi. xiv. xxv.
Society, American Antiquarian, don.

to lib. X.
Society, Linnean, of London, don. to

lib., xi.
Society, Imperial, of Naturalists of

Moscow, don. to lib., xi.
Society, Entomological, of Stettin, don.

to lib., xi.
Society, Natural History, in Basle, don.

to lib., xi.
Society, Royal Zoological, of Amster-
dam, don. to lib., xi.
Society, Phisico-Medical, of Wurz-

burg, don. to lib., xi.
Society, Philomatique de Bordeaux,

don. to lib., xii.
Society, Vaudoise, of Natural Sciences,

don. to lib., xii.
Society, German Geological, don. to

lib., xiii.
Society, American Philosophical, don.

to lib., xvi.

1858.]

Spillman, Dr. Wm., don. to mus., vii.

Savage, Dr., don. to mus., vii.

Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus,, iii.

Schafliirt, Frederick, don. to mus., iii.

Semple, Dr. J. E., U. S. N., don. to
mus., vi. vii.

Stimpson, Wm., Esq., Prodromus de-
scriptionis animalium invertebrato-
rum quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum
Pacificum Septentrionalem a Repub-
lica federata missa Cadwaladaro
Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers duci-
bus, observavitet descripsit,Pars iv.
Crustacea Cancroideaet Corystoidea,
11 ; Prodromus descriptionis Ani-
malium, &c.. Pars V. Crustacea Ocy-
podoidea, 90 ; Prodromus descrip-
tionis Animalium, &c., Pars vi.
Crustacea Oxystoma, 135 ; Prodro-
mvTS descriptionis Animalium, &c.,
Pars vii. Crustacea Anomoura, 213.

Taylor, Wm. J., Esq., remarks on
crystals from Las Piedras, Honduras,
113 ; mineralogical notes, 171, don.
to mus., i.

Tatham, W. P., don. to mus., vi.

Tyson, Hon. Job R., announcement of
death of, 138.

Thompson, J. H., don. to mus., ii.

Trautwine, J. C, don. to mus., vi.

INDEX.

Trumbull, W. P., don. to lib., xiv.
Tuckerman, E., don. to mus., vi.

LTiler, Dr. Wm. H., remarks on a spe-
cimen of nitre, 1 ; remarks on speci-
mens of crystallized lead, 2 ; don.
to mus., 1. iii. iv. vii.

Van Cleve, John W., Esq., announce-
ment of death of, 177.

Vaux, Wm. S., resolution by, 18; don.
to mus., iv. V. Ti. vii.

Wagner, George, don. to mus., vi.
Wayne, Major, U. S. A., don. to lib.,

XXV.

Warren, Lieut. G. H., Top. Eng., let-
ter to Capt. A. A. Humphreys, 20.

Watson, Dr. Gavin, announcement
of death of, 188.

Watson, Mrs. C, authority to endorse

tickets, &c., 212.
Wilcocks, Dr. Alexander, remarks on

an optical illusion, 9.
Wilson, Dr. T. B., don. to lib., 1. ii.

iii. iv. V. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii.

xiii. xiv. XV. xvi. xvii. xviii. xix.

XX. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxiv. xxv. xxvi.

xxvii. xxviii.
Woodhouse, Dr. S. W., remarks on

the canons of the Pacific side, 9 ;

don. to mus., v.
Wetherill, Dr. C. M., don. to lib.,

xxvi.
Wilson, Edward, Esq., don. to lib.,

xxvi.
Wood, Mr. W., don. to mus., iii.
Wood, C. C, don. to mus., iv.

[1858.

INDEX

TO

PROCEEDINGS OF BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

For 1858.

Atlee, Dr. Walter F. , on an aceplialous
foetus, 8, 9 ; remarks on death from
chloroform, 11 ; remarks on mucous
corpuscles, 16 ; appointed Recorder
pro tern., 21 ; on relaxation of the
abdominal walls as a cause of hae-
morrhoids, 23.

Coates, Dr. B. H., remarks on death
from chloroform, 11.

Committees on papers : on paper of S.
W. Mitchell, Observations on the
Blood-crystals of the Sturgeon, 2, 9 ;
on Summary of the Transactions of
the Phila. Biol. Soc. by Dr. H. Harts-
horne, 2, 40 ; on essay on the su-
pra-renal capsules, by Dr. J. Darby,
2, 10 ; on a case of fatty degenera-
tion of the heart in which death fol-
lowed the inhalation of chloroform,
by Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, U. S. A.
2, 10 ; on tables for the registration
of diseases, 23 ; on report of Dr.
Mitchell, 26.

Corse, Dr. J. M., remarks on an ace-
phalous foetus, 9 ; remarks on tuber-
culosis in domestic animals, 14; re-
marks on hair on the cornea of an
ox, 15.

Donations from the Phila. Biol. Soc.
1,2;

Darley, Dr. J., essay on the supra-re-
nal capsules, 1, 2.

Election of oflScers and committees for

1858, 1 ; of officers for 1859, 27.
Election of members, 21, 28.

Foulke, Wm. Parker, Esq., remarks
on paper of Dr. Paton, 7 ; report on
paper of Dr. Ilartshorne, 27.

Hammond, Dr. W. A., U. S. A., on a
case of fatty degeneration of the
1858.]

heart in which death followed the
inhalation of chloroform 2,10,11 ; on
the injection of urea and other sub-
stances into the blood 4 ; remarks
on oxalate of lime in urine, 6 ; on
the alterations produced by inter-
mittent fever in the excretion of
urine, &c., 8 ; remarks on acepha-
lous foetus, 9 ; on the secondary
formation of blood crystals, 14 ; re-
marks on presenting the new forms
of " Kraukheit's Tabelle, " issued by
"Verein fur gemeinschaftliche Ar-'
beiten, " 15 ; on the action of certain
vegetable diuretics, 17 ; resolutions
by, 27.

Hartshorne, Henry, M.D., summary of
the transactions of the Phila. Biol.
Soc, 2, 4 ; remarks on paper of Dr.
Paton, 7 ; remarks on the best
means of advancing Biological sci-
ence at the present time, 8 ; remarks
on death from chloroform, 10, 12;
on the bearing of Pliysiology on
Palaeontology, 12 ; remarks on can-
cer, 17.

Hartshorne, Dr. E., resolution by, 27 ;
resolutions by, 28.

Hays, Dr. I., remarks on death from
chloroform, 11.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, remarks on intesti-
nal absorption, 5 ; remarks on paper
of Dr. Paton, 6, 7 ; remarks on an
acephalous foetus, 8, 9 ; remarks on
blood crystals, 9; remarks on honey
dew, 10 ; on death from chloroform,
11 ; remarks on sections of the
human cranium, 10 ; remarks on
Echinococcus hominis, 12 ; remarks
on a disease of the scales of a min-
now, 12, 13; remarks on growth of
hairs on the cornea of an ox, 15 ; re-
marks on mucous corpuscles, 16; re-
marks on the stomach of a mink

zu.

INDEX.

,, . T • N .«T,t^,-r,incr a large i Report of General Committee, 16, 17.
(Mustela vison) containmg a large ^. P^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ , p ,^

sri^LoMruebon; found in the j Dr. Geo. Pa W ' on the functions of
BdnS of a mink, 28. the spmal chord, &c., 6,-7.

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, observations on
the Wood crystals of the sturgeon,
2 9 • remarks on reduction ot tem-
perature bv depletion, 4 ; remarks
on paper of Dr. Paton, 8 ; on the in-
halation of Cinchona and Its salts,
21 ; report on the subject of the
changes undergone by the white
race in America, 23 ; remarks on in-
jecting pump and apparatus for test-
ing the pulmonary capacity, 25 ; on
the effect of certain substances on
the exposed heads of animals, 28.

Morris, Dr. J. Cheston, remarks on
human embryo ten or twelve days
old, 2 : remarks on oxaluria, 5 ; re-
marks on acephalous foetus, 8 ; re-
marks on honey dew, 10 ; remarks
on death from choloroform, 11, 12 ;
remarks on tuberculosis in domestic
animals, 14 ; remarks on a case of
extra-uterine pregnancy, &c., 13 ;
remarks on hernia in a young Emys,
16.

Queen, Mr. James W., exhibited mi-
cro-photographs, 13;

Tilghman, Edward, remarks on the
application of photography to the
construction of goniometers and mi-
crometers, 10 ; remarks on tubercu-
losis in animals, 14.

Woodward, Dr. J. J., remarks on
death from chloroform, 12 ; on can-
cerous tumors, 12 ; on the examiua^.
tion of a fungous growth on the head
of a Hydrargyra fasciata, 12 ; histo-
logical remarks upon a secondary
cancer of the pleura, 14 ; remarks on
the cell wall of pus cells, 14 ; re-
marks on tuberculosis in domestic
animals, 14 ; remarks on pus cor-
puscles, 16 ; remarks on a remarka-
ble form of basic phosphate of am-
monia and magnesia, &c., in urine,
17 ; remarks on the anatomical
marks of cancer, 23 ; resolutions by,
23 ; remarks on stomach of a mink,
25 '; remarks on tubercular deposits
upon the pleura of an opossum, 28.

1858.]

DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.

Geographical Map of Kansas and Nebraska, to face page 156.

Plate 1, to face page 178.

Plate 2, to face page 180.

Biological Department, — the three plates to face page 4.

Map of Haddonfield, N. J., to face page 213.

Pages 117 and 118, in the April and May Nos., to be cancelled, and pages
117 and 118 at the close of the June No., substituted for them.

Pages xi. and xii. of Donations to the Library are at the close of Dr. Meig's
circular. Donations to the Museum will be bound immediately after the cor-
respondence, followed by Donations to Library, and the Proceedings of th«
Biological Department.

Errata to Notes on American Land Shells, No. 4.

Page 198, No. 41, Dr. Gould suggests for B. vesicalis, the name sufflatns.
Page 198, after No. 48, add 48* T. gracilenta.

Page 200, after No. 84, read 84a H. Berlandcriana, Mor., Desh. in
Lam., Chemn., Pf. in vol. iii, nee in vol. i, Rve., Binn.

H. pachyloma, Mke., Pf. ?

H. virginalis, Pf. ? Chemn. ?
Page 200, after No. 86, read 86^ H. c a d uc a, Pf. ?
Page 201, line 8, add H. dissidens, Desh.
Page 201, line 31, add H. dissidens, Desh.,=H. concava.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

1858.

January 5, 1858,
Dr. Euschenberger, in the Chair.

Thirty-two members present.

Mr. Slack presented for publication in the Proceedings a paper en-
titled " Catalogue and Notes on the Egyptian Antiquities in the collec-
tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by J. H.
Slack," which was referred to a committee.

Dr. Uhler exhibited a specimen of nitre which had occurred sponta-
taneously in large quantity, upon the wall of a dwelling formerly
used as a stable. It was remarkable for its purity, being free from
lime, ammonia, magnesia and nitrate of soda.

Mr. Cassin called attention to the specimen of Falco polyagrus, pre-
sented this evening by Mr. J. D. Sergeant, who had obtained it east of
the Mississippi. Mr. Cassin had described the species from a specimen
brought from Oregon by Mr. Townsend, but the present specimen was
the first he had known to be found east of the Rocky Mountaina.

January \2ih.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.
Thirty-four members present.

Dr. Leidy exhibited two plates of Urnaiella gracilis, formerly described by him
in the Proceedings. He said the stomachs of these animals contained certain
voluntarily moving bodies which he had supposed to be parasites, but which
might prove to be generative bodies. Mr. Lea had recently given him a
Unio from the Scioto, upon which this species of Urnatella had been detected —
the former specimens were from the Schuylkill.

Dr. Leidy announced the return from Nebraska Territory of Dr. F. V. Hayden,
bringing an important collection of fossils, among which were a number of
mammalian remains from a supposed pliocene deposit, of the Niobrara River,
(L'eau-qui-coart.)

January \^tli.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Forty-three members present.

1

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to some remans of a Camel
ia the collection recently obtained by Dr. Hayden from the Niobrara River,
Nebraska. He exhibited the back portion of tne lower jaw of the animal
which contains the true molar teeth, and possesses a hook-like process on the
posterior border, as in the recent Camel; in comparison with which the ex-
Set s" ecies appears to have been about two-third sthe size He a so exhibUed
from the same collection, the fragment of a lower jaw of a species of Wolf,
Inro-pr than anv heretofore described.

Dr mer exhibited specimens of crystallized lead, produced by withdrawing
the fused interior of a cooling mass. The crystals were arranged upon rhombic
base-'. He also exhibited specimens of apparently fibrous or columnar lead, pro-
duced bv exposing a mass when on the point of fusion, to a sudden shock. He
had failed to develop any appearance of fibrous or crystalline structure upon the
■^ftwn end of a specimen by etching. , , , i.

?rof. Booth remarked the resemblance of the crystals to the skeleton cha-
racter seen in gold, from California and Australia. He thought the fibrous or
coSnar appiarakce not attributable to crystallization, the sides being of
variable number, but due merely to cooling, or similar causes. He had ob-
served a structure resembling this in pigs of Lake Superior copper, in nickel
commercially pure, and in an alloy of nickel and copper. . •, r, u-

Mr Aubrey H. Smith, referring to some figures from Siam, presented by him
this evening, said the stone head was from the ruined city of Jutnia ; the bronze
fi<rure apparently ancient, presented still existing characteristics of the people.

January 26/A;
Vice-President Bridges in tlie Chair.
Forty-five members present.
Dr. Kuschenberger read the following : —

Hall of the Academy, January 26th, 1858,

Rqiort of the CovmiUee of the Academy, appointed to confer with a committee of the
Biological Society, on a proposed junction of the tico Societies.
Your Committee " appointed to confer with the Committee of the Biological
Society of Philadelphia, with respect to the union of labors proposed in the
letter of said Committee, and to report to the Academy the terms of the pro-
posal and also the reasons which shall appear to the Committee for or against
such 'union," has frequently met the Committee of the Biological Society of
Philadelphia, and, after free and full discussion of all the points involved, re-
ports as follows : , o •

The third section of the Charter of the Academy provides, that " the Society
shall consist of members and correspondents," and indicates that they shall be
elected individually, each being balloted for, separately. The practice of the
Society since its institution in the year 1812 has been in conformity to this
provision. , , ■ ■,

For this reason your Committee is of opinion that the Academy cannot,
consistently with the spirit if not the letter of its Charter and By-Laws,_ accept
any terms of union with the Biological Society, or annex any other society, or
absorb any other body of men associated for analogous or identical objects,
whatever might be the advantages of such union.

Your Committee might, under a literal construction of the resolution by
which it was created, properly conclude this report with a recommendation
that the proposition to unite the two societies be rejected. But sensible of the
meritorious objects of the Biological Society, it begs the indulgence of the

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3

Academy to submit briefly its views in counectioa -with the subject, and to
ask the adoption of a measure in relation to it, which, it is hoped, will be
entirely acceptable to a large majority of members of both institutions.

In the language of its Charter, the Academy was instituted " for the en-
couragement and cultivation of the Sciences," and is " devoted entirely to the
advancement of useful learning."

Nearly a half century has passed since its institution. Daring nearly all of
this period, the cultivation of the natural sciences has been pursued objectively.
It has been limited almost exclusively to the investigation of specific differ-
ences and resemblances of forms, with a view to portraying those which are new
and distinguishing them from those previously described, for the purpose
of appropriately classing them. The field of cultivation includes the geographi-
cal distribution of the fauna and flora of the earth, whether living or fossil;
and the habits, habitat and uses of the various organisms, as well as the
regular and irregular forms and chemical composition of inorganic matter.
The results of the labors of the members of the Academy in this wide field,
are recorded in its Proceedings and Journals.

But with the lapse of time and advancement of knowledge new fields of in-
quiry have been opened. To study natural sciences objectively only, no longer
satisfies the disposition of man to pry into the secrets of creation. He now
anxiously seeks to discover and expose the laws of organic life. He earn-
estly desires to distinguish primary organic cells, and to ascertain the forces
and laws which bring them together, and combine them in aggregate exist-
ences, from the lowest microscopic infusoria up through the zoophytes and
acalephs to the most perfect form of organization. He labors industriously to
recognize the normal as well as the abnormal conditions of organic structures,
wherever met on the face of the earth.

The task is Herculean, and to accomplish it in any degree worthy of considera-
tion, the laborer requires all the sympathy and facilities which only those inter-
ested in kindred pursuits know how to accord. He needs the encouragement
which flows from association with congenial spirits. He needs must be free
from the disturbing influences of those who cannot or will not appreciate the
objects of his researches. Such motives induce him to seek fellowship and
alliance with those who are animated by a zeal analogous to his own. Hence
it is that many members of the Academy, regarding objective natural history,
only as the basis of the pyramid of natural science, have been drawn together;
they have joined others entertaining like views, who are not in fellowship with
this institution, and organized the Biological Society of Philadelphia, which is
yet in its earliest infancy. Its chief property consists in the acquirements and
industry and scientific zeal of its members ; qualities which we should seek to
retain and accumulate within the walls of this Institution.

The extensive library, and collections which are daily augmenting, are of
inestimable value in facilitating the pursuits of the biologist. The Academy
is pledged to assist "the advancement of useful learning" in all the depart-
ments of the natural sciences.

For the reasons alluded to, your Committee has labored assiduously to de-
A'ise a measure consistent with the Charter and increasing prosperity of the
Academy, which shall place all the facilities in its possession within the easy
reach not only of those devoted especially to biology, but also of those who
may hereafter dedicate their time and labors, particularly, to other branches,
and at the same time bind together by bonds of common interest, in one har-
monious union, all who are interested either partially or generally in the culti-
vation of the natural sciences.

For this purpose, and to meet the demands which labor is daily making for
division and subdivision, in every branch of human pursuit, your Committee
respectfully urges the addition of a chapter to the By-Laws, which shall pro-
vide for the creation and government of Classes or Departments, composed of
members, with authority to hold meetings separately from the common meetings
of the Institution, and with all the privileges necessary for the successful prosecu-

1858.]

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

tion of their studies ; but at the same time entirely subordiaale to its Charter
and By-Laws.

Under a belief that pure scientific zeal is never pretentious, and to avoid the
confusion which might possibly arise from identity of appellations of different
officers in the same organization, names and titles for the officers of the depart-
ments proposed have been selected with a view to practical, rather than to
merely honorary distinction, which titles should be clearly indicative of sub-
ordination.

Your Committee has never been unmindful of the interests of the Academy,
nor of the grave influence which the measure now recommended is calculated
to exert on the prosperity of the Academy ; which is regarded to be inseparable
from the advancement of science. After patiently viewing the subject in all
its various aspects, it is sincerely believed that only good can accrue from
amending the By-Laws as proposed. But, even should experience prove that
expectation has been disappointed, the Academy may be brought back to its
present organization, by repealing the By-Laws which it is now solicited to
enact.

The provisions herewith submitted, it is supposed, will meet all the practical
wants of scientific men devoted to the cultivation of special departments of
natural history, and in this way remove every necessity for forming new so-
cieties, and in a great degree, if not entirely, annul the allurements which may
be held out to members of the Academy, to labor under the fostering care of
newly established organizations.

It is designed that the proceedings of the Departments shall be laid before
the Academy at every meeting for business, in order that the results of their
investigation may be communicated to each other, and particular information
acquired by one may be made common to all. Natural history is not to be
abandoned, because biologists prefer to investigate the laws of genesis and
vitality, and physicists delight to examine the properties, the influences and
motions of the atmosphere and of inorganic matter. The fields of entomology,
ornithology, mammalogy, &c., are neither invaded nor diminished by the con-
templated creation of Departments. A profitable emulation may be provoked
among the members of the Academy, by the feature of the proposed organiza-
tion. Therefore the interest of the ordinary meetings of the Academy may be
enhanced, and the meeting for business will become more generally attractive.
The whole is respectfully submitted.

Thomas B. Wilson,

RoBEBT Bridges,

Samuel Powel,

E. Dueand,

Isaac Lea,

w. s. w. euschenberger.

Whereupon the amendments to the By-Laws proposed were read,
considered and passed to a second reading.
The following paper was read : —

Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences, )
January 26th, 1858. )

In the event of the proposed additions and alterations of the By-Laws being
agreed to by the Academy, the undersigned members request that they may be
constituted the Biological Department of the Academy of Natural Sciencp.«
of Philadelphia.
Joseph Leidy, M. D., J. H. Slack, A. B.,

William A. Hammond, M. D.. William Camac, M. D.,

Charles F. Beck, M. D., C. S. Boker, M. D.,

J. Cheston Morris, M. D., S. Weir Mitchell, M. D.,

James M. Corse, M. D., Walter T. Atlee, M. D.,

[JaD.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5

Edward Minturn, M. D., Benjamia H. Coates, M. D.,

-. Edward Hartshorne, M. D., James Pagp, M. D.,

James Aitken Meigs, M. D., B. Howard Rand, M. D.,

Francis G. Smitti, Jr., M. D., Wra. Parker Foulke,

Isaac Hays, M. D., R. Eglesfield Griffitb, M. D.,

J. J. Woodward, M. D., Charles Stuart Wurts, M. D.
George R. Moorehouse, M. D.,

Which was passed to a second reading.

The election of Standing Committees for 1858 was then hold, with
the following result :

1. Ethnology, J. A. Meigs, S. S. Haldeman, T. G. Morton. 2. Com-
parative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy, Jas. M. Corse,
Wm. H. Gobrecht. 3. Mammalogy, John LeConte, George A.
McCall, Wm. M. Camac. 4. Ornithology, John Cassin, George A.
McCall, S. W. Woodhouse. 5. Herpetology and Ichthyology, Edward
Hallowell, Robert Bridges, J. C. Morris. 6. Conchology, T. A. Con-
rad, W. G. Binney, Thomas B. Wilson. 7. Entomology and Crustacea,
Kobert Bridges, F. Schafhirt, James Paul. 8. Botany, Elias Durand,
Amable J. Brazier, S. S. Garrigues. 9. Geology, Isaac Lea, Charles
E. Smith, John L. LeConte. 10. Mineralogy, Wm. S. Vaus, Samuel
Ashmead, James C. Booth. 11. Paleeontology, Thomas B. Wilson,
Joseph Leidy, T. A. Conrad. 12. Physics, B. Howard Rand, Wm.
M. Uhler, Fairman Rogers. 13. Library, William S. Vaux, Joseph
Jeanes, Thos. B. Wilson. 14. Proceedings, Samael Powel, Gideon
D. Scull, J. Cheston Morris.

Catalogue and Notes of the Collection of Egyptian Antiquities in tlie Collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

BY J. H. SLACK.

No. 1. Human mummy, adult male, with sarcophagus, from Thebes. Deposited
by J. L. Hodge. A remarkably fine specimen in perfect preservation.

No. 2. Mummied child from Tbebes, (very rare.) J. H. Slack. " It has been
a general and a just remark, that few mummies of children have been discovered
— a singular fact, and one not easily accounted for, since tl'e practice of em-
balming those of the earliest age was common in Egypt." Wilkinson's ancient
Egyptians.

Nos. 3 — 14. Eleven specimens of the mummied sacred Ibis, (Ibis religiosa,
Cuv.) from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon.

No. 15. Mummied sacred Ibis, from Sikkara. J.H. Slack. The Ibis was the
most sacred bird of the Egyptians, being dedicated to Thoih, the Egypliar^
Mercury.

No. 16. Forty-eight specimens of mummied young crocodiles, from Thebes,
(very rare.) (J. R. Gliddon. The crocodile was sacred to Savak.

Nos. 17 — 22. Mummied serpents, from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon.

Nos. 23, 24. Mummied serpents, from Thebes. J. L Hodge. Among the
ancient Egyptians the serpent was sacred to Nuph or Chnubis, the Divine
Spirit.

Nos. 25, 26. Mummied hawks, from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon. Sacred to Re.

Nos. 27, 28. Mummies, contents unknown, from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon.

No. 29 Mummied cat, from Thebes. J. H. Slack. The cat was esteemed
sacred to Pasht, the Egyptian Venus.

No. 30. Mummied calf, from Thebef, (very rare.) G. R. Gliddon. Curious

1858.]

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

from the locality, the burial place of the god Apis, and others of the Bovine
species being at Sakkara. Sacred to Osiris.

No. 31. Shawl of fine linen, such as were used to envelope the mummies of
the higher classes of Egyptians, from Thebes. J. H. Slack. There has been
lately discovered at Thebes an undertaker's shop, situated among the tombs on
the western side of the Nile, containing over a thousand shawls, such as "were
used to envelope the dead, each having the price marked in one corner appa-
rently with some indelible ink, probably the nitrate of silver : the above is one
of these.

No. 32. Net work of beads and Scarabieus, from Thebes. J. L. Hodge.

No. 33. String of beads, from Thebes. Mr. T. Ryan. A net work of beads
was frequently spread over the breast, and even the whole body of the mummy
worked in rich and elegant devices. The winged scarabaeus was placed over
the breast, emblematic of the protecting influence of the Deity. (Wilkinson.)

No. 34. Fragment of bread from a mummy, (rare.) from Thebes. Mr. T. Ryan.

No. 35. Child's doll, (very rare.) from Thebes. Mr. T.Ryan. Most probably
the favorite plaything of an Egyptian child.

No. 36. Ancient Egyptian ring, from Thebes. Mr. Ryan.

No. 37. Ornaments and charms, from Thebes. Mr. Ryan.

No. 38. Chess or checker-man, (very rare,) from Thebes. Mr. Ryan. In
the collection of Dr. Abbott, now at New York, are two boards, with men, evi-
dently used in playing a game similar to our checkers. This stone, resembling,
in every respect, the men of the sets, doubtless belonged to a similar set. A
representation of Rameses III. engaged in a game with similar pieces, is still to
be seen on the wall of the palace temple of Medemet Haboo, in the Thebiad.

No. 39. Seal of a tomb, from Thebes. J. H. Slack. " Each tomb and some-
times each apartment had a wooden door, either of a single or double valve,
turning on pins and secured by bolts and bars, or a lock; which last was pro-
tected by a seal of clay, upon which the impress of a signet was impressed
when the party retired. Remains of the clay seal have even been found adher-
ing to the stone jimbs of the doorways at Thebes, and the numerous
stamps found buried near them were most probably used on these occa-
sions."— Wilkinson.

No. 40. Fragment of sculptured marble, from Thebes. Mr. T.Ryan.

No. 41. Fragment of sculptured limestone, from Karnak. J. H. Slack.

No. 42. Ancient vase, (rare) from Sakkara. J. H. Slack. This vase was
found by the donor in tlie tomb of the God Apis near the pyramids of
Sakkara.

No. 43. Ancient Egyptian sandal, from Thebes. Mr. T. Ryan.

No. 44. Offering to the manes of the dead, made in the form of some vegetable
production.

No. 45. Human-headed hawk, probably from the top of a papyrus case.

No. 46. Fragment of mummy case, from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon.

No. 47. Fragment of mummy case, from Thebes. G. R. Gliddon. The God
Re is here represented seated probably in his capacity of one of the judges of
the dead.

Nos. 48, 49, 50. Plaster casts, from Thebes. G.R. Gliddon. These casts were
most probably taken from the walls of the tombs of Thebes ; they represent
oflFeriugs to the god Osiris.

No. 51. Fragment of a papyrus scroll in the demoetic characters.

No. 52. A roll of papyrus in hieroglyphics, with seal attached.

No. 53. Two scarabasi, from Thebes. Mr. Ryan The scarabajus was the
most sacred emblem of the ancient Egyptians, being regarded by them as the
cross is at present by some denominations of Christians.

No. 54. Figure deceased under the form of Osiris in blue glazed pottery from
the Pyramids. J. H. Slack. " Small figures of wood or vitrified earthenware
were common to all classes, except the poorest of the community. They usually
present a hieroglyphical inscription, either in a vertical line down the centre,

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 7

or in horizontal bands around the body, containing the name and quality of the
deceased, with the customary presentation or offerings for his soul to Osiris
a chapter from the ritual or some other funeral formula. In the hands of these
figures are a hoe and a bag of seeds. Their arms are crossed in imitation of
certain forms of Osiris, whose name and form the dead assumed, and the form
of their beard indicates the return of the human soul, which once animated their
body, to the deity from whom it emanated." — Wilkinson.

Fehruary Id.
Vice President Bridges in the Ctair.

Forty-four members present.

Dr. Leidy made some farther general remarks upon the fossil mammalia ob-
tained by Dr. Hayden from the Niobrara river (L'eau-qui-court), duringthe re-
cent expedition of Lieut. G. K. Warren' to explore the Black Hills of Nebraska.
Dr. Hayden suspects the formation in which he discovered the fossils to be of
pliocene age. The specimens belong to some twenty or more species of ani-
mals, all of which are distinct from those found in the miocene deposit of the
Mauvaises Terres ; and are also distinct from those of a subsequent age. The
forms are, moreover, of more recent character than thoseof the Mauvaises Terres
deposit. An interesting and remarkable fact, in connection with these remains,
is that they indicate a fauna more nearly like the recent fauna of the old world,
than of this country. Thus, among the remains, are those of a species of Rhino-
ceros, almost the same size, and having the same dental formula as the R. indicus
There are remains of several species of Horse, and of several new genera of
ruminants ; among which are those of a genus allied to the Musks, and also those
of a genus closely allied to the Camel. There are, further, remains of a Porcu-
pine, resembling the genus Hystrix, and those of a small species of Beaver. The
collection likewise contains remains of three species of Wolf, the lower jaw of
the feline genus Pseudalurus, fragments of several other carnivorous genera, and
portions of the skeleton of the Mastodon and Elephant.

Dr. LeConte said that while he was recently in Honduras, he had examined
the Mastodon bed at the village of Tambla, in one of the passes leading from the
plain of Comayagua to the Pacific. He was satisfied of the identity of the re-
mains with M. yiganteus. He had found there a molar of Bos and two or three
teeth of Equus.

On motion of Dr. Leidy, by special resolution, the thanks of the
Academy were presented to Mrs. R. Pierpont, for the donation of a valu-
able collection of shells.

Fehruary 9th.
Dr. Isaac Hays in the Chair.
Thirty-three members present.

Dr. Leidy made some further general remarks upon the pliocene fossils from Ne-
braska ; he exhibited many bones, among them the foot of a horse. He ob-
served, that among all the mammalian remains brought by Dr. Hayden from the
Niobrara river, none were more remarkable than those which he now exhibited.
They belong to an equine animal which has the temporary teeth of Anchitheriinu,
and the permanent teeth of Equus. In both these genera, the permanent and de-
ciduous teeth are alike, but the new genus in early life is an Anchitherium, and
later in life a true Horse.

He also exhibited the jaws, with the teeth, of a new genus allied to Oreodon.
partaking, like this, of suiline and ruminant characters. The specimens were
discovered by Dr. Hayden on the Niobrara, opposite Fort Laramie, and indicate
a larger animal than any of the species of Oreodon described by him.

1858.]

O NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

February \Qih.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.
Thirty-nine members present.

Mr. Ashmead called the attentioa of members to a Marine Alga which he
had discovered about three years since at Beesley's Point. From the micro-
scopic structure of the frond, he supposed it to be a Callithamnion, and not
finding it described in Nereis Boreali-Americana, he concluded it was a new spe-
cies. He had referred it to the late Prof. Bailey, of West Point, who returned
it with the remark, " I cannot make this agree with any Callithamnion known
to me ; if it were truly dichotomous, I should refer it to G-riffithsia setacea, but
without its fruit I cannot decide what it is. It is an interesting plant, and
ought to be watched for, at different times in the year, so as to secure its fruit."

During the past summer, I collected, at Beesley's Point, quite a number of
specimens of this plant ; I found them growing in shallow water, attached to
old shells and other submerged substances ; but I found none in fruit. Upon
the examination of a number of specimens, I formed the conclusion that the
plant belongs to the genus Griffithsia, and is a new species. Under this impres-
sion, I sent specimens to Prof. Harrey, of Trinity College, Dublin, for examina-
tion. I recently received a letter from that distinguished Algologist, and though
not with a view to publication, I presume an extract may be presented without
impropriety. Dr. Harvey says : " The supposed new Griffithsia, sent in one of
your parcels, is Griffithsia tenuis, J. Ag., identical with the specimens in my her-
barium, from Agardh himself. The American plant is a little stronger in growth
than the European, but I see no character to separate it. The fruit is unknown.
Your specimens are not in fruit. The genus to which it belongs is therefore
doubtful ; and I am therefore disposed to think that it will turn out to be a
Callithamnion — an opinion I arrived at, because it is very closely allied to Calli-
thamnion thfsigerum, of Australia and Ceylon, the fruit of which is known to
me. Indeed, it is possible that Callithamnion thysigerum itself may be only a
variety of Griffithsia tenuis." This alga is interesting as an addition to the
marine flora of the American coast.

Mr. Lesley described a curious reverse drainage of the uplands bordering the
Ohio river on each side, near Ironton, and within the limits of tlie coal region of
southern Ohio and Kentucky. On climbing the river cliffs about 300 feet, the
summit is found to be formed by a stratum of conglomerate about fifty feet thick,
and one looks over into bowl-shaped heads of small valleys, delivering their
waters backward, and only reaching the river by circuits more or less extensive.
These valley heads are so close to the great river valley, that short tunnels driven
along in the almost horizontal coal-beds would suffice to bring out the ores which
crop around them. The barriers are lofty knife edges or thin walls, or strips of
horizontal conglomerate, the place of which in the coal measures is about 500
feet from the bottom. The dip of the strata is only about thirty feet to the mile,
and contrary to the current of the river. It would be difficult, he thought, to
explain this structure by the popular theories of denudation, or any bypothethis,
unless subaerial deluges.

Mr. Powel protested against the too constant recourse to immediate volcanic
agency in explaining geological phenomena. In the Pottsville region the strata
were often folded and contorted by side pressure from various causes, with no
close or immediate local evidence of volcanic agency, it being often seen only far
off. The structure of the Ohio valley now mentioned, might have occurred ori-
ginally as a mere crack in the conglomerate, perhaps caused by a very trifling
local upheaval, or a slight shrinkage, or even a subsidence at a distance, this
would determine the original line of drainage, and attrition might, in time, pro-
duce such a valley as Mr. Lesley had described.

[Feb.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9

Mr. Lesley thought the valley could not have suffered from volcanic force, for
it was tortuous like the suture of a skull, not straight like the profound lines of
fault in the Appalachians of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee."

Mr. Foulke described the Deep River country as one of straight valleys walled
in by vertical cliffs two or three hundred feet high, which he thought were evi-
dently fractures of the crust.

Mr. Lesley described the Kanawha country to show that, if so, then the crust
must be looked upon as having suffered a shivering rupture with open and pro-
found cracks running irregularly or aborescently. But such fissures could not
have been filled up, and their sides sloped off to form a country like western
Virginia.

Dr. Woodhouse described the canons of the Pacific side, as sometimes sedi-
mentary on one side, and volcanic or metamorphic on the other, and sometimes
having lava streams in the middle.

February 23 c?.
Vice President Lea ia the Chair.

Sixty-six members present.

The amendments to the By-Laws offered at the previous meeting for
business, were read a second time and unanimously passed to a third
reading.

The Auditors reported they had examined the Annual Report of the
Treasurer, and compared it with the vouchers, and that they had found
it correct ; which report was adopted.

March 2nd,
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Forty-eight members present.

Dr. Wilcocks read a paper entitled " Remarks on an Optical Illusion,
by Alexander Wilcocks, M. D."

A paper was presented, entitled " Descriptions of new Organic Re-
mains, collected in Nebraska Territory, by Dr. F, V. Hayden and others,
under the direction of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Topographical Engi-
neers, with some remarks on the Geology of the Black Hills, and portions
of the surrounding country, by F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M, D."
which was referred to a committee.

Dr. Leidy read a letter from Mr. F. B. Meek and Dr. F. V. Hayden,
dated Albany, Feb. 16th, 1858, indicating the probable existence of
Permian Rocks in Kansas Territory, from which, at the request of
the authors, the following extract is published.

" Some six months since. Major F. Hawn, of Weston, Missouri, to whom we are
under many obligations for interesting information respecting the geology of
Kansas Territory, sent on to one of us* a small collection of fossils from a
locality near the junction of Solomon's and Smoky Hill forks of Kansas River. A
portion of these fossils were at once recognized as being types common in the
coal measures of the west. Along with these, however, there were several masses

(*Mr. Meek.)

1858.]

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

of a yellowish magnesiau limestone containing numerous casts of a very peculiar
group of fossils. On examining these, it was soon observed that they are quite
unlike any forms known to us in the carboniferous system, and very nearly allied
to types considered characteristic of the Permian, of the old world. Major Hawn
was at once apprised of this fact, and he has since informed us of several facts
in relation to this formation, which rather go to confirm the view that it may
prove to be of Permian age, rather than otherwise. In the first place, he informs
us that the bed from which the fossils were obtained, hold a position above the
well marked coal measures, and seems to have been deposited upon an uneven
surface, as though the coal measures had been worn into hills and valleys previous
to the deposition of the rock of which we speak." [Signed, Meek and Hayden.]
Dr. Leidy directed the attention of the members to some fossils on the table,
being part of the collection obtained by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in the valley of the
Niobrara river, Nebraska. One of the specimens was the lower jaw of a nevr
species of Mastodon. It belonged to an old individual, as the last molar tooth
occupies its functional position and is considerably worn. The jaw indicates a
smaller animal than the common Mastodon (J/. Ohioiicus.) The tooth resembles
the corresponding one of M. sivaknsis, or of 31. angustidens, much more nearly
than that of the common Mastodon. The crown has a much greater antero-
posterior diameter in relation to its transverse diameter, than in the latter, and
it has six transverse rows of tubercles, together with a feeble tarsus. The tuber-
cles are crowded instead of being separated by wide angular valleys as in the
common Mastodon. The tooth was compared with that from an unknown
locality, characterized by Dr. Hays under the name of J/. Chapmani; but this
more nearly resembles the South American species M. Humboldli. In advance
of the tooth, there are no traces of an alveolus for the preceding tooth, but a
sharp ridge proceeds from the last molar to the anterior extremity of the jaw.
Dr. Leidy observed he had never seen the jaw of the common Mastodon in the
same condition, as the oldest individuals always presented the fifth alveolus
filled up, and not completely obliterated. The species he named Mastodon min-
ficus.

Dr. Leidy next exhibited part of an upper molar tooth of an Elephant from
the Niobrara ; which he suspected to be ». species distinct from those previously
indicated, though it does not present sufficient characters to establish the opin-
ion. It is the broadest tooth he had ever seen, being almost five inches, and it
has fewer plates of enamel than in any variety of teeth of Elephas Americanus
that had come under his inspection. The species he proposed to distinguish by
the name Elephas imperator.

Dr. Hays called attention to the fact that the tooth of the new Mastodon had
protruded more obliquely forward and upward than in the common species, indi-
cating a nearer alliance to the Elephant.

Dr. Leidy thought Dr. Hays quite correct, and that the last molar in protruding
forward and upward had gradually displaced two preceding teeth, whose posi-
tion it now occupied. He then described the mode of development and succes-
sion of the teeth in the Elephant ; and he showed, as observed by Dr. Hays in
the new Mastodon, that we have a closer approximation to the same process,
than in the common species.

On leave granted, Dr. Camac offered the following special resolution :

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to obtain and stock a ma-
rine aquarium to be placed in the Hall of the Academy, provided that the
necessary amount be raised by subscription — which was adopted, and the com-
mittee appointed to consist ef Drs. Camac and Rand, and Mr. J. D. Sergeant.

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 11

March 9th.
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Twenty- eight members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Pro-
ceedings. " Prodromus Descriptionis Animaliuui Invertebratorum
quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Repub-
lics, Federata missa,Cadwalladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus,
observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson. Pars IV. Crustacea, Cancroidea
et Corystoidea."

"Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the valley of the
Niobrara River, collected during an expedition under the command of
Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Topographical Engineers, to explore the
region of the Black Hills, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Ex-
pedition, by Joseph Leidy, M. D."

Which were referred to committees.

Dr. Leidy, ia presenting his paper intended for publication in the Proceed-
ings, observed that it contained characteristic descriptions of twenty-eight spe-
cies of extinct vertebrates, among which are six carnivora of the canine and
feline families, two rodents, eight ruminants, eight solipeds, three large pachy-
derms, and one turtle. In relation to the eight solipeds, he stated they belonged
to six genera : Equus, Ilipparion, Proioluppus, Merychippus, Hypohippus, and
Parahippus. The two latter constitute with Anchitherium a distinct group ; the
three former constitute another group ; and the fourth one is an intermediate
form. The remains oi Equus, indicating one species, are undistinguishable from
the corresponding parts of the domestic horse.

Dr. L. further remarked, since he had had the opportunity of inspecting the
numerous equine remains from the Niobrara, he was inclined to believe that the
remains of the horse found in the post-pliocene deposits of the United States,
indicate two species. Of these the remains of one are undistinguishable from
corresponding parts of the recent horse, and are the representative of the E. pri-
migenius of Europe, and may be distinguished by the name of E. fralernus. The
other species relates to the' E. plicidens of Europe, and like it is characterized by
the comparatively complex arrangement of the enamel folding in the upper
molar teeth. He had formerly named it E. americanus, but as this name
had been previously applied to a South American species, he would now propose
for it that of E. complicaius. The equine remains referred to, together with ihose
of a small species of Hipparion from the post pliocene deposit near Charleston,
S. C, and those of a species of AnchUherium from the miocene deposit of the
Mauvaises Terres, Nebraska, appear to indicate the former existence of twelve
species of seven genera of the family of solipeds in this country. From these
facts it would appear as if the equine family was becoming extinct, as it is now
represented by the sole genus Equus.

Dr. Hammond said the sections of jet he presented this evening were from a
vein eighteen inches in thickness, at Oevolleta. Under the microscope they
exhibited the woody structure very beautifully.

Mr. Lesley exhibited fragments of conglomerate, from under the coal, from the
top of Blossburg Mountain, showing apparently the impression of a Calamite,
which seemed to have marked or moulded even the pebbles themselves.

Mr. Lea was inclined to ascribe the marks upon the fragments exhibited, rather
to the groving or scratching of one rock by another after fracture, as seen in the
slickensides.

Mr. Lesley had examined the locality for scratches, but had found no such fissure
as that suggested by Mr. Lea, besides the beds at the spot are nearly horizontal.

1858.]

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

March 16.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Thirty-two members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings : " Descriptions of New Species of Coleoptera, chiefly collected by
the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Commission, under Major "W. H.
Emory, by John L. LeConte, M. D."

" Descriptions of New Species of Neuropterous Insects, collected by
the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Captain J. Hodgers, by
P. R. Uhler."

Dr. Leidj called the attention of the members to a cast of a Mastodon tooth
from the collection of Dr. Harlan, which collection had for many years been
stowed away in a ware-house in this city, and had recently been presented to
the Academy by the son of Dr. Harlan. The cast is labelled in the hand- writing
of the latter, " ilfasioc/on Zowyfros^r?^ Miocene, Maryland." The original speci-
men is said to have been found in a miocene deposit, near Greensburgh, Caroline
county. Md. For some time it was in the possession of Dr. Ducatel, of Balti-
more, and subsequently was deposited in the Museum of that city. Mr. Charles-
worth, Sir Charles Lyell, Dr. Harlan and Dr. Hays, who had seen the specimen,
considered it as having belonged to the 31. longirostris or M. augustidcns. When
Dr. Warren was preparing his book on the american Mastodon, he was desirous
of inspecting this tooth, but learned that it was lost. Subsequently, a tooth, ia
the cabinet of the Academy, which had been purchased in London as an ameri-
can fossil, was suspected to be the missing Baltimore epecimen, and as such is
described and figured in Dr. Warren's work, (The Mastodon giganteus of North
America, p. 92, pi. xxvi.) This tooth, now on the table, by comparison with the
cast, proves not to be the so-called Baltimore tooth, though aj^proaching it in a
remarkable manner, in size, general form, and in being fractured at the anterior
extremity.

Dr. Leidy next exhibited a tooth from the collection of Dr. Harlan, which Dr.
Hays says is the original specimen on which the Tapirus mastodonloides was
founded. The specimen corresponds in size and form very nearly with the
description given by Dr. Harlan in his account of T. mastodontoides (Faunai
Americana, p. 224; Medical and Physical Researches, p. 265.) Dr. L. added,
he confirmed the views of Mr. Cooper (American Monthly Journal of Geology,
p. 163,) and Dr. Hays, that the specimen was a first milk molar of the Mastodon.

March 2ScI, 1858.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Forty-eight members present.

The Rev. Dr, Morris, on the part of the local committee of the Ameri-
can Association for the advancement of Science, extended to all the
members of the Academy, an invitation to be present at the next meet-
ing about to be held in Baltimore, to which he added the promise of
the cordial hospitality of the citizens.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings :

Descriptions of a New Helix and two new Planorbes, by Isaac Lea."

" Descriptions of eight new species of Unio, by Isaac Lea."

Which were referred to committees.

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 13

Mr. Lea remarked, that he had received from Dr. Hayden, so well known for
his interesting discoveries of the fossil Fauna, of Nebraska Territory, &c., all
the fresh water molluscs which he had procured during his journey into those
distant and little known Indian countries. Mr. R. Kennicott, a young and ardent
student of Natural History, whose letter Mr. Lea read, had also submitted to him a
collection of molluscs made by him for the Northwestern University of Evanston,
Illinois, from a part of North America rarely visited by the investigator of Nat-
ural History, the Red River of the North, which having its source near the head
waters of the Mississippi, runs due north into Lake Winnepeg, which Lake dis-
charges its waters through Nelson's River into Hudson's Bay.

It is not to be understood that either of these collections, made under many
adverse circumstances, and at times, of great personal danger, should be full
representations of this branch of the Fauna of these countries. But they are
sufficient to prove that zoological life, so far as represented by Molluscs, is nearly,
if not quite the same, as that of the Ohio River Basin, as well as that of the
Missouri River, and a part of that of the Lower Mississippi and Red River of the
South. The knowledge of a part of the species from these remote districts,
proves to us the wide-spread distribution of the same species, as we find every
one of them in the Ohio River at Cincinnati, Marietta and Pittsburg, and this is
the more remarkable, as the waters of the Red River of the North are embraced
in a different system of drainage, flowing as they do into Hudson's Bay at about
52° North lat. Thus is seen an immense area of country producing in its waters
nearly the same life, as regards the Molluscs ; a fact highly interesting to the
Zoologist.

The following species were brought by Dr. Hayden from the mouths of the
Rivers Big Sioux and James' River, 43° north, and 97° west,

Unio asperrimus. Lea. U. elegans, Lea. U. alatus, Say. U. lacrimosus, Lea.
U. laevissimus, Lea. U. luteolus, Lam. U. rectus. Lam. U. anodontoides. Lea.
Margaritana complanata, Lea.

And from the Upper Missouri at Fort Clark, Unio luteolus, Lam., and Margari-
tana complanata. Lea.

From the Red River of the North, 50° north, Mr. Kennicott procured the fol-
lowing :

Unio asperrimus. Lea. U. alatus. Say. U. luteolus, Lam. U. rectus, Lam.
U. rubiginosus, Lea. U. occidens, Lea. U. undulatus, Bar. Anodonta Ferus-
saciana. Lea. A. decora. Lea.

Every species from these two habitats is found in the vicinity of Cincinnati,
and several of them, viz : Unio asperrimus, anodo7iioides, rubiginosus, and Ano-
donta Ferussaciana are found in the waters of Louisiana. Even in Georgia there
are two of them, viz : Unio anodontoides and Unio alatus.

Mr. Lea did not wish to be understood that he believed all the species of the
Unionidce, which were common in one part of this great area, were the same which
inhabited the waters of other parts. On the contrary, they differed much in the
lower Mississippi, but still there are some species whicli are common in the
Ohio, as high up as Pittsburg, which are found in Moose River, of Hudson's Bay,
52° North, in Red River of the north, 50° North, in Upper Missouri, 47° North,
and in the Big Sioux, 43° North. There are also some others which are com-
mon at Pittsburg, which are found as far south as Louisiana, 30° North, and in
Georgia, 34° North.

These facts Mr. Lea believed to be important in regard to the geographical
distribution of the species, some of which are found to bf so extensively dis-
tributed, while it is well known that some few are restricted, so far as our present
knowledge extends, to points embraced within very short distances in a single
river. As an illustration of this, the Unio spitiosus, Unio ShcpardiamiSy Marffun-
lana arcul", &c., may be cited.

1858.]

14

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Unio rubiginosus, Lea.

" luteolus, Lam.

" laevissimus, Lea.

" occidens, Lea.
." anodontoides, Lea.

" asperrimus, Lea.

" elegans, Lea.

" rectus, Lam.

" zig-zag; Lea.

" alatus, Say.

" undulatus, Bar.
Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea.

" decora, Lea.
Margaritana complanata. Lea.

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Dr. Leidy read the following letter :

Saint Louis, March 16, 1858.

Mr Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure of announcing to you, that I have just
completed an examination of some fossils, collected by Dr. G. S. Shnmard from
the White Limestone of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, while he was
connected with the expedition of Capt. John Page, and I am fully convinced that
these fossils are Permian, The collection contains about forty species, a number
of which are identical with species of the Permian system of Russia and England.

We have specimens which agree perfectly with Yerneuil's descriptions and
tio'ures of Carnaraphoria Schloiheimi and C. Geinitziana from the Permian System
of Russia. We have also an Aulosteges which'resembles A. Wanffenheimi (Ver-
neuil.) though it is doubtless a distinct species. This genus has not, I believe,
been found lower than the Permian.

The Productus Leplayi is represented, and there is another Productus which is
very analogous to P. cancrini. (Yern.) The Spirif/era peciinifera, (Vern. sp.)
Terehratula s'.iperstes, (Verneuil,) Spirifer cristata and S. permiana, of King, are
undoubtedly in our collection, and also Acanthocladia anceps, (King) and Syno-
cladia virgulacea, (King,) all of which are species of the Permian of Russia and
England. Besides, there is a Monotis which resembles M. speluncaria. We also
recognized several species that are in Professor Swallow's collection from the
Permian Rocks of Kansas. According to measurements made by my brother,
these Permian Rocks attain a thickness of more than a thousand feet in the
Guadalupe Mountains. The rock is a remarkably pure white limestone, and
portions of the mass abounds in fossils. It is underlaid by sandstones and lime-
stones of the coal measures, containing the same fossils as characterized this
formation in Missouri, Iowa and Illinois, but in New Mexico scarcely a single
species ranges from the Coal Measures into the Permian.

I am now engaged in preparing descriptions of the new Permian Fossils. Will
you be kind enough to announce this discovery at the next meeting of the
Philadelphia Academy. Sincerely yours,

B. F. Shcmard.

Mr. Lesley exhibited a specimen of lignite from tlie Upper Wachita
River, Louisiana, received through Mr. Perry, of New Orleans. It is
remarkable for containing rosin in quite visible masses. Sometimes the

1858.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 15

rosin is found in masses as large as a nut, sometimes in veins. It is
from a tertiary formation.

Mr. Lea has a specimen of rosin whicli Sir Henry De La Beche had
sent him, it was found with coal in Borneo, and is as large as a hickory
nut.

March 30.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Fifty-eight members present.

The committees on Dr. Wilcocks' paper, on Messrs. Meek and Hay-
den's paper, read March 2nd ; on Mr. Stimpson's paper, on Dr. Leidy's
paper read March 9th, on Dr. LeConte's paper, on Mr. Uhler's paper
read March 16th ; on two papers by Mr. Lea, read March 23d ; seve-
rally reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings, and the
reports were adopted.

The amendments to the By-laws proposed January 26, and succes-
sively passed to second and third reading, were unanimously adopted
as follows :

CHAPTER XIII.

ON THE CREATION AND GOVERNMENT OP DEPARTMENTS.

Art. I. To facilitate and encourage the special investigation
of certain branches of natural science, the members of the
Academy may form Departments, and hold meetings in the
Hall, distinct and separate from the general meetings of the
Academy. Th* Departments shall be A, B, C, D, E, &c., and
may be constituted and designated in the manner herein pro-
vided. The Department earliest established, shall have prece-
dence of every one subsequently formed.

Art. II. Any twelve or greater number of members of this
Academy, may be constituted a division or department, which
shall be called the Department of the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, as provided in the third article
of this chapter.

Art. III. Whenever members associate to form a department
or branch, written application shall be made to the Academy, at
a meeting for business, in the following words : The undersigned
members request that they may be constituted the
Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. [Note The blank is to be filled with the name of the

branch of natural sciences to which the petitioners propose to

devote themselves.]

1858,]

16 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Upon such application being made, the Academy may estab-
lish the Department by the enactment of a clause additional to
Article XXI. of this chapter, designating the name of the
Department. If the Department be thus created the names of
the petitioners shall be entered on the record of Proceedings as
its founders.

Art. IV. The officers of each Department shall be a Director,
a Vice Director, a Recorder, a Treasurer, and a Conservator,
who shall be elected at the first meeting of the department, and
subsequently at the first meeting in December of every year.

Art. V. None others than members of the Academy shall be
members of any one of its Departments.

Art. VI. Each Department, formed as herein provided, shall
elect its own officers and members.

Art. VIL Every candidate for admission into a Department
shall be proposed, in writing, by two of its members at one
meeting, and be balloted for at the meeting next succeeding.
The affirmative vote of three-fourths shall be necessary to elect
a candidate, but no election of members or of officers of a De-
partment shall be valid, unless there be present at the meeting
at least six legal voters.

Art. VIII. Every member elect shall pay to the Treasurer
of the Department an initiation fee and a semi-annual contribu-
tion, the amount of which shall be determined by the members
of the Department, provided that a Department shall not as-
sess its members at a rate exceeding two dollars initiation and
two dollars semi-annual contribution. In other respects, the
By-Laws, (Chapter II.j which govern the " election of members
and correspondents " of the Academy, shall apply also to the
election of members of any of its Departments.

Art. IX. Members of a Department may resign or be ex-
pelled from it, in conformity to the By-Laws of the Academy,
(Chapter IV.)

Art. X. The By-Laws (Chapter V.) which apply to the offi-
cers of the Academy, shall apply also to analogous officers of
each Department, except the Treasurer of a Department, who
shall collect and have charge of its funds, but shall disburse no
money or monies except by the affirmative votes of the Depart-
ment, vouched for by the signature of its Director and Recorder ;

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17

and shall submit a detailed statement of his accounts to the
Department at the first meeting in December of each year.

Art. XI. Each Department shall defray the expenses which
are peculiar to it. The Academy will not be responsible for
debts contracted by any Department, or by any officer or mem-
ber thereof.

Art. XII. Members and correspondents of the Academy
are entitled to attend the meetings of any of its Departments,
but shall have such privileges only in a Department as those
granted by the Academy to its correspondents. (Chapter I.
Art. iii.)

Art. XIII. Each Department may appoint such special and
standing committees as may be considered necessary for its
scientific objects.

Art. XIV. The Committees of each Department shall be gov-
erned by the same rules (Chapter VI.) which govern the Com-
mittees of the Academy, as far as they are applicable.

Art. XV. The collections and books of each Department are
the common property of the Academy; nevertheless, whenever
it may be deemed advantageous to the interests of the Institu-
tion, the Curators of the Academy may permit the collections of
a Department to be arranged in accordance with the written
request of its Conservator. Donations addressed to or for any
Department, shall be received as donations to the Academy for
the use of that Department.

Art. XVI. Each Department, at the first meeting after the
election of its officers, shall determine, subject to the approval
of the Academy, the evenings of its stated meetings, provided
that no Department shall select a time of meeting previously
occupied by the Academy, or any of its established Depart-
ments.

Art. XVII. The order of business at the meetings of each De-
partment shall be in accordance with the provisions of these
By-Laws, as far as applicable. (Chapter XI., Art. vii.)

Art. XVIII. Each Department shall submit to the Academy,
at every meeting for business, the record of its procedings for
the month, or in lieu of it, at the option of the Academy, a
written summary thereof.
1858.] 2

18 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Art. XIX. Papers from any Department designed for publi-
cation in the Proceedings or in the Journal of the Academy,
shall take the course provided in these By-Laws (Chapter X.),
except that each Department may refer papers read before it
to a special committee, which shall report to the Academy at
the meeting for business next succeeding its appointment, which
report shall be treated as if it emanated from a special com-
mittee of the Academy.

The papers of each Department shall be paged and entitled
in such manner as to permit the Proceedings, as well as the
Journal, of each Department, to be bound in separate volumes
and 3.ppropriately labelled.

Art. XX. On all points not provided for in this Chapter,
each Department shall be governed by the Charter, By-Laws and
usages of the Academy.

Art. XXI. The Department A. shall be denominated the
Biological Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.

Chapter XL Art. viii. shall be amended so as to insert

2. Proceedings and Reports from Departments in their
order of precedence,
next after the line

<'l. Minutes of the last meeting for business shall be read."

And also so as to change the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 to
read 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Dr. HamtQond offered the following :

Resolved, That those members of the Academy who have signed the
memorial offered January 26th, since the record, be added to those
already recorded as founders of the Biological Department ; which was
adopted.

Dr. LeConte moved that a committee be appointed for the purpose
of drafting a series of By-laws for the government of the Committee on
Proceedings, which was appointed — to consist of Drs. LeConte, Ruech-
enberger and Wilson.

'Mr. Vaux offered the following:

Resolved, That the Library Committee be authorized to dispose of the
French Historical Documents, at such price as they deem proper, if
opportunity offer; which was adopted.

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 19

Bemarks on an Optical Illusion.
BY ALEXANDER "WILCOCKS, M. D.

I desire to draw the attention of the Academy to one of the phenomena of
sight, which is interesting, because I conceive that it has led some zealous in-
vestigators of the mysteries of nature into error.

I allude to that power of the retina, by which an impression made upon it by
a luminous object is retained, during an appreciable time.

The most familiar illustration of this law, is in the whirling of a piece of
lighted charcoal in the dark. The result is the formation of a luminous ring,
more or less perfect, according to the rapidity of the motion of the hand.

Experience has not only abundantly proved the existence of this peculiarity
of the retina ; but it has also determined the duration of the impressions. It has
been found to be from one tenth, to one eighth of a second.

Such at least is true of persons in good health: but there is reason to believe
that there are cases where the duration of impressions is much longer.

If when under suitable circumstances, a luminous body is moved before the
eye at rest, we perceive a line of light, we may naturally expect, that when the
converse condition obtains, we shall witness a similar phenomenon.

By the converse condition, I mean that wherein the luminous object is at rest,
and the eye in motion about one of its own axes.

Requirements so simple are easily obtained ; the most convenient object
upon which to make the experiment is the star Sirius. The precautions to be
observed, are to choose a time when the moon does not shine, and the star is
high above the horizon ; and a place where the eye will not be dazzled by any
artificial light. The observer must be free from all sense of fatigue, because the
eye sympathizes readily with the condition of the body, and any cause that in-
terferes with the rapidity of the motions of the organ, would endanger the
success of the experiment.

Experiment \st. Let the observer turn his face toward the star, but fix his
eyes upon a point about ten degrees to the east of that object, then suddenly
placing his eyes upon the star, he will perceive a ray or flash of light reaching
from the star to a point ten degrees to the west.

Experiment 2nd. Keeping his eyes for a moment upon the star, let the ob-
server return them to their first position, and he will perceive that the flash of
light will extend from the star to that position.

Any one who will trace in his mind the course pursued by the image of the
star upon the retinae, during this motion of the eyes, will ascertain that these
results are precisely what d, priori reasoning should lead us to expect.

In the experiments just described, the flashes of light are straight. If instead
of the star Sirius, we choose for our experiment, the planet Jupiter, at a time
when that body is within twenty-five degrees of the zenith, we shall discover
that the flashes of light are curved, and the convexity of the curve invariably
toward the earth.

It must be noticed in connection with this peculiarity, that any observations
upon an object at such an altitude as the one proposed, viz. sixty-five degrees,
would require that the eyes should be much raised above their usual plane of
motion. The physiologist may find much difficulty in explaining why the eleva-
tion of the eyes in their orbits should cause the flash of light to be curved ;
and why the convexity should be toward the earth ; but, that the facts exist,
others may verify for themselves.

The particular interest which attaches to this experiment is from the light which
it throws upon the results of some observations upon meteors, the explanation
of which has baffled the ingenuity of astronomers.

In the year 1798, Brandes, of Leipsig and Benzenberg, of Dusseldorf, under-
took to measure the height and velocities of meteors. Having established a base
line of 46,200 feet, and provided themselves with chronometers, they stationed

1858.]

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

themselves at the ends of the line, and watched for meteors, carefully notiag the
times of their appearance, and their courses. By these means, the observers
were enabled to identify twenty- two of these objects ; and the data thus derived,
yielded satisfactory results as to height and velocity.

The most remarkable feature of their observations, was, that one of the meteors
instead of falling, moved in a directimi away from the earth.

A curve in the train of a meteor with the convexity downward, would indi-
cate a motion from the earth.

Nearly all the phenomena of meteors have been accounted for by theories
which men of science regard, if not as satisfactory, at least as plausible ; but I
believe no astronomer has yet, had the hardihood to attempt to explain, how a
meteor can approach near enough to our planet to be inflamed by its atmosphere,
and become visible to its inhabitants, and then move off in defiance of the law
of gravitation.

I have detailed experiments which show that stationary objects in the heavens,
under certain circumstances, appear associated with flashes of light which are
curved with their convexity towards the earth ; and I trust that what I have
said will convince the Academy that there is the greatest probability that the
anomalous appearance described by Messrs. Brandes and Benzenberg, was only
an example of the optical illusion which it is the purpose of this paper to explain.

Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River,
collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the
command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, TJ. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geolo-
gist to the Expedition.^

BY JOSEPH LEIDY, M. D.

During the Exploring Expedition of the last year in Nebraska, under the
command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, the Geologist of the Expedition, Dr. F. V.
Hayden collected a number of remains of mammals and turtles, from a deposit,
in the valley of the Niobrara River (Swift-running-water ; L'eau-qui-court),
which he suspects to be of pliocene age. Tlie collection is an exceedingly in-
teresting and important one ; and the anatomical characters of the specimens
support the opinion of their discoverer, that the formation, from which they
were obtained, belongs to the later tertiary period.

The extinct fauna of the Niobrara is especially rich in remains of ruminating
and equine animals. Among the former are several peculiar genera, of which
two are closely allied to Oreodon and LejJtauchenia, of the miocene deposit of
the Mauvaises Terres : one is allied to the Musk-deer, and another closely ap-
proaches the Camel. Besides the remains of a true species of Equus, the col-

*Washixgton, (D. C.) March 8, 1858.
Capt. A. A. Humphrey?, T. E., Ch'ge Off. Expl. and Surveys.

Sir : Professor Joseph Leidy has prepared a ' ' Notice of Remains of Extinct
Vertebrates, ' ' constituting twenty-eight new species, collected by Dr. Hayden
along the Niobrara River, on the Expedition placed under my command by the
War Department, during the past summer, wliich, it is desirable, should be
published at once in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. The permission of the Honorable Secretary of War, to make the
publication, is requested.

Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
G. K. Wakkex,

Lieut. Top, Eng'rs.
Submitted to the Secretary of War. The publication is approved by him.

A. A. HUMPHRBYS,

Capt. Top. Eng'rs. in Charge.
[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21

lection contains those of two species of Hipparion, and several peculiar genera
of the equine family. There are also remains of several species of canine and
feline animals, of a small species of Beaver, and of a species of Porcupine
more nearly allied to that of the old world than to our own recent one. The col-
lection further contains remains of a Rhinoceros, resembling that of India,
those of a new species of Mastodon, and those of a large Elephant.

One of the most remarkable circumstances, in relation with this extinct
fauna, is that it is more nearly allied to the present recent one of the old world
than to that of our own continent. From a comparison of our recent fauna
and flora with that of the eastern continent, the deduction has been made, that
the western continent is the older of the two, geologically speaking, whereas,
the Niobrara fauna would indicate just the reverse relationship of age. A num-
ber of similar instances show that totally different faunae and florae may be
cotemporaneous, and do not necessarily indicate difl"erent periods of existence.

CARNIVORA.

Canis saevus, Leidy.

Several much mutilated fragments of two lower jaws indicate a species of
Wolf, about the size of the Cams occidentalis.

Height of fragments of lower jaws below the

sectorial tooth, 14 lines and 15| lines.

Antero-posterior diameter of the lower secto-
rial tooth, 13 lines and 13| lines.

The present extinct species is not so large as the one whose remains have
been discovered in association with those of the Megalomjx, Tapirus, Equus,
&c., on the banks of the Ohio River, Indiana, to which the name of Canis pri-
mcevus was inadvertently applied (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vii. 200 ; Journal A.
N. S. iii. 167), and which may now be distinguished by that of Canis dirus.

Canis temekaeius, Leidy.

A second species of Wolf is inferred to have existed, from two small frag-
ments of an upper and a lower jaw, containing the sectorial teeth, and the first
upper tubercular tooth, about the size of the corresponding parts of the Red
Fox, Canis fulvus.

Height of fragment of lower jaw below the sectorial tooth, 8 lines.
Antero-posterior diameter of lower sectorial tooth, 7^ "

Antero-posterior diameter of upper sectorial tooth 7 "

Transverse diameter of first upper tubercular tooth, 6 J "

Canis vafer, Leidy.
A third species of Canis, of small size, is indicated by the greater portions of

both sides of a lower jaw, containing nearly all the teeth, which do not differ

in form from those of the Red Fox.

Depth of lower jaw at the sectorial tooth, 6 lines.

Length of entire molar series, 21 J ' '

Antero-posterior diameter of sectorial tooth, 5^ "

Length of crown of canine tooth, 5j "

Canis (Epicyon) Haydeni, Leidy.

Since the preceding descriptions of wolves were written. Dr. Hayden has
sent to me for examination a specimen belonging to the Niobrara collection,
consisting of a much mutilated fragment of a lower jaw of a huge wolf.

The fragment contains the sectorial molar, the two preceding premolars, and
the sockets for the tubercular molars. Tlie teeth preserved in the specimen
are much worn, indicating an old individual, but they have the form of the
corresponding teeth in the recent Wolf. The tubercular molars have occupied
more than an inch of space, though more crowded in position than in recent
wolves. The last, as well as the first, was inserted by widely separated fangs

1858.]

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

and was implanted almost directly backward in the ascending border of the
ramus, above the level of the heel of the sectorial molar.

The portion of jaw is remarkable for its robustness ; the thickness of the
anterior border of the ramus an inch above the ordinary line of the teeth
being eight lines.

The species is respectfully dedicated to Dr. F. V. Hayden, the untiring geo-
logical explorer of the region of the Upper Missouri.

Depth of jaw at sectorial molar, 21 lines.

Thickness of jaw below sectorial molar, 9 "

Extent of space occupied by the sectorial and preceding

two premolars, 34

Antero-posterior diameter of sectorial molar, 17 "

Transverse diameter of sectorial molar, 7^ "

Space occupied by the tubercular molars, 14 '*

Felis (PsEUD^LrEus) iXTREpmcs, Leidy.

An extinct species of the cat tribe is indicated by a well preserved specimen
of the lower jaw of an animal intermediate in size to the Panther {Felix concolor)
and the Lynx (Felix canadensis). The jaw together with the teeth present a
repetition'of form of the corresponding parts in known species of cats, except
that in the middle of the hiatus behind the canine tooth there is a smaller
socket for a rudimental premolar, as in the extinct Felis {Pseudcelurus) quadri-
dentatus of Europe, and the sectorial molar has a basal heel and tubercle about
half as well developed as in the preceding teeth.

Length of the lower jaw from the condyle

Height of the lower jaw at coronoid process

Height of the lower jaw below middle molar

Length of molar series (3)

Antero-posterior diameter of sectorial molar

Height at posterior cusp of sectorial molar

Aelueodon fekox, Leidy.

Tlie only specimen upon which this name is proposed, consists of an isolated,
unworn, upper sectorial molar tooth, which has about the size and proportion-
ate form of that of the common Wolf of this country or Europe, but has a
tubercle or lobe in advance of the principal cusp nearly as well developed as
that occupying the same position in the cats.

Breadth of crown antero-posteriorly and externally 13 lines.
Length of crown at principal cusp SJ "

Thickness of crown at base anteriorly 7 "

Thickness at base of principal cusp 5^ "

RODENTIA.
Hystrix (Hystkicops) ve>tstus, Leidy.

Two isolated molar teeth, probably both referable to the same animal, have
about the same size and nearly the same constitution as those of the Crested
Porcupine {Hystrix cristata,) of Europe. One of the teeth appears to correspond
with the first upper molar of the right side of the latter animal. It has a
single deep fold on the inner side, and a less extensive one on the outer side.
The crown, about one-fourth worn, presents on the triturating surface the fold
extending from the inner and outer side, and in advance a bow-like enamel
islet, and behind a transverse boot-like islet and a small circular one. The
second specimen, viewed as an upper left tooth, has a deep fold on the inner
side, in advance of which on the triturating surface is an oblique enamel islet,
and behind, two similar ones.

Antero-posterior diameter of the firet molar 5 J lines.

Transverse diameter of the first molar 4 "

Antero-posterior diameter of the second molar 3 "

Transverse diameter of the second molar 3| "

[March-

58

lines,

27

11

21

7

H

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23

Castor (Eccastor) tortus, Leidy.

The greater part of an upper jaw, consisting of the upper maxillae and inter-
maxillae containing the greater portion of the incisors, together with the an-
terior three molars of both sjdes, indicates an old individual of a small Beaver.
The jaw and incisor teeth have the same form as the corresponding part of
the recent Beaver. The first molars present nearly the same arrangement
as in the latter. The succeeding two molars are nearly worn to the base of
their crown ; and they have the enamel folds on the triturating surface
directed much more obliquely from the outer side inward and backward than
they would ever appear to do in the same condition in the recent Beaver.
The size of the species was about half that of the latter animal.

Length of space occupied by the series of four molars 6 lines.

Length of space from first molar to the inter-incisive crest 14 "
Breadth of face outside of second molars 7 ' '

Diameter of incisors 2 "

Diameter of first molar 2| ' '

RUMINANTIA.

Cbrvps Warreni, Leidy.

Tills species of deer is indicated by a fragment of a lower jaw containing the
posterior four molar teeth, portions of two last inferior molars, a small antler,
and a small fragment of a second. The form of the teeth is the same as in
Cervus virginianus, and their size accords with that in full grown and robust
individuals of tliis species. Tlie antler is perhaps that of a young animal.
The frontal process supporting it is half an inch in length and thickness. A
little less than an inch above the ring of the antler it divides into two diverg-
ing prongs, of which one is broken ofi', and the remaining one is two and a
quarter inches long. o

Length of series of the posterior four lower molars 30 lines.

The species is respectfully dedicated to Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. A., com-
mander of the expedition, during which the remains were collected forming
the subjects of the present communication.

Mbetcodus NECATcrs, Leidy.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vii. 90 ; ibid. viii. 89.

This genus and species were originally proposed on a small fragment of a
lowCT jaw of a ruminating animal, belonging to the collection of Prof. Hall, of
Albany, and discovered by Messrs. Meek and Hayden on Bijou Hill, Nebraska,
in the summer of 1853.

The collection from the Niobrara contains the greater portion of four halves
of lower jaws, together exhibiting a full series of molar teeth.

The form of the jaw supporting the teeth is much like that of the Deer, ex-
cept that its base turns up posteriorly as in the Musks.

The inferior true molars have much more nearly the form of those of the
Sheep than of those of the Deer or Musk. The posterior two premolars have
crowns very much like that of the second premolar of the Deer, and the first
i.s like the corresponding one in the same animal.

Depth of lower jaw at first premolar 6 lines.

Depth of lower jaw at last true molar 8^ "

Length of series of six molars 2(5 "

Length of series of true molars 17 "

Peocamelcs occidentalis, Leidy.

This genus and species are founded on several fragments of jaws, with teeth
of several individuals of an animal allied to the Camel, and about two third.<
its size.

The posterior fragment of a lower jaw presents the same general form as in
the corresponding part of the Camel, but is broader at the ramus in relation
with its height than in the latter. The posterior coronoid process is well de-

lb58.]

24 PROCEEDINGS OE THE ACADEMY OF

veloped ; and the upper part of the ramus is more strongly depressed ex-
ternally than in the Lama {Auchenia). Tlie hody of the lower jaw is relatively
deeper than in the Camel, though not so robust ; and the two sides are coossi-
lied by a comparatively short symphysis.

Six molar teeth foi-m a closed row in the lower jaw, being two additional to
the number in the Camel and Lama. Tlie true molars and the last premolar
have nearly the same form as the corresponding teeth of the Camel. The
second premolar is a reduced one from that behind it ; and the first premolar
has a laterally compressed ovate crown implanted by two fangs.

In a small fragment of a lower jaw, in the middle of the hiatus, in advance
of the closed row of molars, there is the fang of a tooth, which appears to
have been a caniniform premolar. The mental foramen is just in advance
and below the position of this tooth. A foramen likewise exists below the
third premolar of the closed row of teeth, corresponding to that more posteriorly
situated in the Camel and Lama.

Two mutilated but connecting fragments of an upper jaw present the hard
palate more deeply arched than in the Camel or Lama ; and the face narrows
in advance of th^ molar teeth as in the latter. A palatine foramen exists
opposite the interval of the second and third premolars. The infra-orbital
foramen occupies the same relative position as in the Camel.

As in the lower jaw, six molar teeth form a closed row in the upper jaw. The
true molars, though much mutilated in the specimens under examination,
appear to possess the same form as those of the Camel. The last premolar is
also like the con-esponding tooth of the latter. The second premolar is like
the first one of the Camel, with the exception that it has the antero-internal
fold of its crown as well developed as the posterior fold, which it joins at the
base. The first premolar is like the first one of the series in the Lama, having
a trilobate, fiattened, oval crowu.

Heiglit of the ramus of the lower jaw, from its
base to its condyle.

Depth of lower jaw below last molar,

Distance from last molar to the end of the poste-
rior coronoid process.

Depth of lower jaw at middle of the hiatus of the
teeth,

Breadth of face in advance of upper molars,

Breadth of face at back molars,

Length of upj)er molar series,

Length of lower molar series

Length of upper true molar series,

Length of lower true molar series

Megalomeryx niobrarexsis, Leidy.

This genus and species are proposed on two lower molar teeth, in the Nio-
brara collection, which indicate a ruminating animal of the largest size. One
of the specimens is apparently a first true molar, and is inserted into a frag-
ment of the jaw by a pair of strong fangs. The crown is two-thirds worn away,
and presents the same form as the corresponding tooth of the Sheep in the
same condition. The antero-postero diameter of the crown is 21 lines ; the
transverse diameter \1^ lines.

The second specimen is an isolated, nearly unworn, first or second true
molar, with the form nearly the same as in the corresponding teeth of the
Sheep. Its length is three and one-third inches ; its antero-posterior diameter,
at the triturating surface, is two inches, and just above the developing fangs
an inch and a half; the transverse diameter, in the former position, is seven
lines, and in the latter nine and a half lines.

Merycochoerds proprics, Leidy.

The genus and species are based on several halves of upper and lower jaws

[March,

4 inches 10 lines.

2 "

4 "

10 "

1 "

6 "

4 "

4 "

8 "

4 "

10 "

3 "

3 "

5 "

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25

of a large animal, discovered by Dr. Haydeu in the red grit bed of Niobrara,
near Fort Laramie, Nebraska. Tlie formula of dentition and relative position
of the teeth with one another are the same as in Oreodon. The true molars
present a repetition of the form and structure of those of the latter genus, and
the premolars nearly so. The upper anterior two premolars have a greater
breadth in relation with their length and thickness than in Oreodon ; and the
anterior two lower ones are more crowded in position.

The side of the face turns rather abruptly outward and backward from above
the position of the true molars, more even than in the Hog, whereas, in the
three described species of Oreodon, it slopes gradually backward aud outward,
more as the Wolf. The infra-orbital foramen is above the interval of the
first and second true molars, while in Oreodon it is above the third premolar.
The malar bone below the orbit is, relatively to the size of the animal, deeper
than in the Hog, but in Oreodon it is not more so than in the Wolf._

Length of upper series of molars, 74 lines.

Length of lower series of molars 69

Length of upper series of true molars, 43

Length of lower series of true molars. 45

Merychtus, Leidy.

The formula of dentition, and the relative position, structure, and form of
the teeth are nearly the same as in Leptauchenia. In this genus, of which
the remains of two species, L. decora and L. major, were discovered by Dr.
Hayden in the upper miocene beds of White River, near Eagle Nest Butte,
Nebraska, the formula of dentition and relative position of the teeth with
one another are the same as in Okeodox. The crowns of the molars are rela-
tively much longer, and at their outer part are more vertical than in the latter,
diflfering in these respects very much as the molars of the Ox and the Deer. The
outer lobes of the upper true molars are separated quite to the fangs by narrow,
deep, vertical folds inclining forward. Tlie inner lobes of the lower true molars
are separated by narrow, overlapping folds, and present internal plane sur-
faces, while those of Oreodon are folded as in the Deer. The premolars are
more crowded tlian in Oreodon ; and in the case of the upper ones, the most
elevated point of the triturating surface is much more anterior than in the
latter. The enamel pits of the triturating surfaces of the true molars are very
narrow in comparison with those of Oreodon, and in the lower teeth are quickly
obliterated. The canines are relatively small in comparison with those of the
latter genus.

In Merychyus, of which there appear to be three species, as indicated by the
remains discovered by Dr. Hayden in the pliocene deposit of Niobrara, the
folds separating the outer lobes of the upper true molars have the same form
as in Leptauchenia, but are not so deep, do not incline forward, and do not
divide the crown through its base. The lower true molars have their inner
surfaces as plane as in the Camel, and have their lobes but feebly separated
in comparison with the condition in Leptauchenia. The canines are as well
developed as in Oreodon.

Merychyus elegans, Leidy.

Tliis species is founded on several halves of upper and lower jaws, contain-
ing admirably preserved series of teeth. The animal was nearly the same size
as Leptauchenia major.

Length of the upper jaw, from the back molar tooth to

tlie front of the incisors, 43 lines.

Length of upper series of seven molars, 37

Length of lower series of six molars 34

Length of upper series of true molars, 22

Length of lower series of true molars 23

Depth of lower jaw at first true molar, 11

Depth of lower jaw at last true molar 15
1858.]

'26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Merychytjs medius, Leidy.

The second species is founded upon a fragment of the lower jaw, containing
the true molars, an isolated upper last true molar, and an isolated upper ca-
nine tooth.

Length of series of lower true molars, 34 lines.

Antero-posterior diameter of the upper last true molar, 14J "

Merychtus major, Leidy.

Tliis species is proposed upon a fragment of the upper jaw containing the
last pair of premolars and the siicceeding pair of true molars. The latter teeth
differ from the isolated upper molar of the preceding species in possessing a
well defined basal ridge, of which the faintest ti-aces only exist in Af. elegans
and 3f. medius.

Length of space occupied by the two premolars and

succeeding two true molars, 44 lines.

Antero-posterior diameter of second true molar, 16 "

SOLIPEDIA.

Anchitherium (HyponipPDs) affinis, Leidy.

A single specimen consisting of the crown of an upper molar tooth, in Dr.
Hayden's collection, has the same form as the corresponding teeth of Anchithe-
rium, except that the outer surfaces of its external lobes present no trace of
median rising. It indicates an animal larger than A. aurelianense and about
the size of Palceotherlum crassum.

Antero-posterior diameter externally 14 lines.

Transverse diameter anteriorly 13^ "

AKCHiTHERigji (Parahippus) cognatus, Leidy.

The Niobrara collection contains three isolated unworn crowns of upper
molar teeth, which have the same form as the upper deciduous molars of An-
chitherium Bairdi or A. aurelianense, except that the outer extremity of the
pi'olongation of the postero-internal lobe branches into several short folds.
These latter have the same arrangement as similar but more numerous folds
in the same position in Merychippus.

Length of the series of three molars, 31 lines.

Antero-posterior diameter of the first molar, 12 "

Transverse diameter of the first molar 8 "

Antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the

third molar, 9 "

Independent of the remains of the anchitherioid genera Parahippus and
Hypohippus, the collection made by Dr. Hayden contains numerous fragments
of the skeleton of apparently six different equine animals, which, however,
exhibit such an interchange of characters, that at present it appears im-
possible to specify the isolated teeth and bones. Tlie following genera and
species appear to be indicated by the more characteristic specimens of the col-
lection.

Eautjs ExcELsus, Leidy.

This species is about the size of the largest variety of the recent Horse, as
indicated by molar teeth and bones of the limbs. The teeth do not differ in
constitution from those of the recent Horse ; and none of them present a greater
degree of complication of the enamel folds on their triturating surface.

Equus (Protohippus) perditus, Leidy.

A second species of Horse, of small size, is especially indicated in the Nio-
brara collection, by a fragnient of an upper jaw containing the posterior four
molars. The portion of jaw is like the corresponding part in the recent Horse.
The molar teeth have their crowns about one-fourth worn. The enamel folds
on the triturating surfaces are even less complex than in the recent Horse, and
the antero-intemal fold or column has the same form, direction and mode of

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27

continuation as the postero-internal one. The space occupied by tlie four teeth,
is about three inches in length, and about ten lines in breadth. Dr. Hayden's
collection also contains bones of the limbs which correspond in relative size
with the jaw and teeth above noticed.

Figure 1, plate 7, of M. Gervais, Rech. s. 1. Mammiferes Fossiles de I'Amer-
ique meridionale, apparently represents a species of the same equine subgenus
as the above. No extent of attrition of the corresponding teeth of the domes-
tic Horse will produce the same appearance indicated in this figure.
Mrrychippus, Leidy.

This genus is a much more remarkable one than could have been anticipated
from an examination of the specimen alone from which it was first characterized.
The specimen alluded to consists of the anterior upper two large molars, con-
tained in a small fragment of the jaw, and was obtained by Dr. Hayden, at
Bijou Hill. The two teeth are intermediate in form to the corresponding ones
of Anchitheriiim, and the upper true molars of the Deer, and they bear a strong
resemblance to those referred above to the anchitherioid genus Parahippus.
From the teeth of the latter, they differ only in having their intermediate lobes
prolonged posteriorly past the inner conical lobes, so as to make them assume
the appearance of the inner lobes of the upper true molars of ruminants.

In a fragment of the upper jaw of a young animal, in the Niobrara collection,
apparently belonging to a second species of Merychippus, the second and third
temporary molars and their permanent successors are contained. The tem-
porary molars have the same form as the teeth from which the genus was first
characterized would have, in a more worn condition. They are invested witli
cementum, though in less quantity than is usual in the Horse, and it is more
readily detached, which appears to have been the case in the two teeth from
Bijou Hill. Tlie crowns of the permanent teeth contained within the frag-
ment of jaw under examination have the same form as the corresponding teeth
of the recent Horse, with the modifications above noticed characterizing the
subgenus Protohippus.
Mbrycuippus insignis, Leidy.

Proc. A. N. S. viii. 311 ; 1857, 89.

This species was characterized from the fragment of jaw containing what
now appear to me to be the upper anterior two temporary molars, from Bijou
Hill. The Niobrara collection contains a portion of the upper jaw, which
appears to belong to this species, having an entire series of permanent molars,
(exclusive of the small one,) so far worn as to be inserted by fangs. The series
of teeth occupy a space of almost four inches in length and ten lines in breadth.
Merychippus mirabilis, Leidy.

Appears to be a distinct species from the former, of larger size. It is indicated
in the Niobrara collection, by a specimen previously noticed, consisting of a
fragment of the upper jaw, containing the second and third temporary molars
and their permanent successors. Another specimen, in the same collection,
belonging apparently to this species, consists of a fragment of the upper jaw
of an adult individual, containing the back four molars, which are so far worn
as to be inserted by fangs. The four teeth occupy a space of tliree and one-
third inches in length and an inch in breadth.

The two fragments of jaws, above mentioned, have a deep depression or
lachrymal fossa in advance of the orbit, as in the Deer, Oreodon, &c.
HiPPAKioN s. HippoTHERroM occiDENTALE, Leidy.

Hipparion occidentale : Pr. A. N. S. vii. 59; 1857, 89.

The remains of this species were originally discovered by Dr. Hayden in a
superficial deposit at White River, Nebraska. A number of molar teeth in the
Niobrara collection appear to belong to the same species.
HtppARiOiV s. HippoTHERiuM sPECiosuM, Leidy.

Hipparion speciosum: Pr. A. N. S. viii. 311 ; 1857, 89.

The remains of a smaller species of Hipparion than the preceding, were ori-

1858.]

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

ginally discovered by Dr. Hayden on Bijou Hill. Numerous teeth, of tht
species are contained also in the Niobrara collection.

PACHYDERMATA.
Rhikoceros ceassus, Leidy.

Tlie Niobrara collection contains small fragments of two lower jaws of young
animals, a much worn upper incisor, a last upper molar, and an upper pre-
molar, apparently of the deciduous series, of a species of Rhinoceros, which
appears to have had almost the same size and formula of dentition as the recent
Indian Rhinoceros, (R. indicus.)

One of the fragments of lower jaws, consisting of the symphysial portion
with sockets for four incisors, indicates these to have had the same relation of
size and form as in JR. indicus.

The upper lateral incisor has nearly the form and size of the corresponding
tooth of R. indicus. The antero-posterior diameter of its crown is two and
one-third inches, and its transverse diameter three-fourths of an inch.

The last upper molar, which belonged to an old individual as indicated by
its worn condition, is of the form usual in most species of living Rhinoceros.
Its antero-posterior diameter internally is two inches, and its oblique dia-
meter posteriorly about half an inch more.

The upper deciduous premolar has the narrower portion of its crown ante-
riorly. The triturating surface of the specimen presents a tract of dentine on the
outer wall and summits of the inner lobes of the tooth. The outer wall has a
median ridge externally, corresponding to the most elevated point of its triturat-
ing surface. The anterior border of the outer wall has the same form as the
posterior one, but is shorter and more prominent. The inner lobes are em-
braced by a strong basal ridge, as in R. occidentalis and Aceratherium incisivum.
The antero-intemal lobe curves inward and backward, and the succeeding lobe
• is transverse. Three conspicuous vallies bound the lobes, of which the middle
one is deepest and the anterior one least so. From the outer wall of the tooth
two folds project into the middle valley, and the posterior of these join
one springing from the anterior face of the postero-internal lobe, thus isolat-
ing a deep pit from the valley. If the fossil tooth were worn away to a level
with its basal ridge it would exhibit four distinct enamel pits ; one corres-
ponding to the outer end of the anterior valley, two for the middle valley, and
one for the posterior valley.

Antero-posterior diameter of the tooth externally, 19 Unes.

Transverse diameter of the tooth posteriorly, 19 "

Transverse diameter of the tooth anteriorly, 16 "

Mastodon (Tetralophodon) mirificus, Leidy.

One of the most interesting discoveries of Dr. Hayden in the pliocene depo-
'sit of the valley of the Niobrara, is the greater portion of the lower jaw of a
Mastodon, most undoubtedly distinct from that species whose remains are so
abundantly found in later deposits in the United States. The specimen bev-
longed to an old individual, as the last molar tooth had protruded and is con-
siderably worn oflF at its anterior two-thirds ; and it indicates a much smaller
animal than the M. ohioticus. The form of the jaw is like that of the existing
Elephant of India. A single tooth, the last molar, occupies each side of it, and
resembles the corresponding one of M. angustidens, of Europe, or of M. sivalen-
sis, of the SivaUc Hills, of India. The crown measures nine inches antero-poste-
riorly, and three and a half inches transversely, and possesses sis transverse
rows of conical lobes closely crowded. In advance of the sixth molars, pre-
served in the specimen, no traces of alveoli are left for preceding teeth, but a
sharp sigmoid ridge extends to the front of the jaw.

The greatest breadth of the jaw outside the position

of the molars is 15 inches.

Length from back of last molar to anterior end of

the jaw, 16 "

Length of the sigmoid ridge in advance of the molars, 9 "

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 29

EtEPHAS (EUELEPHAS) IMPEEATOR, Leidy.

Tlie Niobrara collection also contains the anterior portion of an upper molar
tooth of an Elephant of larger proportions than any which are known to us
Tlie triturating surface is within a line or two of five inches in breadth,
and within a space of seven inches only eight enamel folds or double plates
exist. In the most thick plated variety of teeth of the Elephas americanus
which we have seen, in the same space ten folds were counted. As in the
latter, E. primigenius, and the recent Elephant of India, the enamel plates be-
come worn on the triturating surface into transverse, strongly crenulated
ellipses.

The fragment of the tooth has been assumed to belong to an unnamed species
from the fact that it was found in association with a fauna very distinct from
any previously noticed.

CHELONIA.

Testpdo (Stylemys) niobkaeexsis, Leidy.

The Niobrara collection contains niimerous fragments of bones of the shell
of a species of emydiform. Land Turtle, from individuals of different ages.
The fragments do not permit the restoration of any extent of either the cara-
pace or sternum, but they are sufficient to indicate that the species grow to the
size of the Testudo nebrascensis, which it also resembled in structure and form,
except that the anterior and posterior marginal plates are strongly everted,
while they are only slightly so in the species just named.

Descriptions of new species of Neuropterous Insects, collected by the North
Pacific Exploring Expedition under Capt. John Rodgers.

BY P. R. UHLER.
LiBELLCLA Linn.

1. L. Japonica. % Fuscous, pubescent ; labium at base, spot and lower margin
of the labrnm, superior portion of the sides of the front, line between the an-
tennae, vertex, posterior lobe of the eyes and pubescence of the entire head
black ; labial palpi, labrum and spots upon the posterior lobe of the eyes
yellowish ; front subbilobate, and together with the stemmata testaceous; eyes
and occiput brownish, the latter with long black pubescence : thorax fulvous,
with a middle longitudinal black line, and a humeral and pleural oblique one,
both of which are double, the humeral one confluent at the origin of the wing,
the other hardly so ; a pale testaceous spot occupies the surface between the two
pairs of double lines, and a trigonal one behind the posterior line, surface be-
tween the pairs of wings pale, posterior lateral edge of the pectus black ; wings
hyaline, sub-infuscate at their origin, pterostigma yellowish-fuscous, narrow,
margined anteriorly and posteriorly with a black nervule, costal nervule pale
fulvous in the middle, blackish at each end : abdomen trigonal, sub-depressed,
plumbeous, four basal segments fuscous, lateral and middle carina and trans-
verse elevated edges of the segments black, a small lanceolate yellow spot upon
the last segment, occupying its whole length, venter blackish, with a yellow spot
upon each side of the segments, spots becoming gradually smaller as they
advance posteriorly ; caudal appendages black, sub-fusiform, acute, anal one
broad, triangular, dilated in the middle, sub-truncate at tip, about one-fourth
shorter than the caudal ones : legs blackish, coxa; and posterior surface of the
aoterior femoras pale.

Hdkodadi, Japan.

Length of posterior wing 15 lines. Pterostigma 1^ lines. Total length 20
lines. Three rows of discoidal areolets, 12 antecubital cross-nervules.

1858]

30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

2. L. phalerata. 5 Slender, yellowish : labium, labrum, epistoma and front
testaceous ; tips of mandibles, line dividing the epistoma from the front, upper
excavated portion of the front, depressed surface around the vertex, antennae,
base of the vertex posteriorly, occiput and ground of the posterior eye-lobe
black; epistoma with an oblique depression each side, vertex slightly excavated
and together with the eyes brownish, three yellow spots upon each posterior
eye-lobe, ocelli reddish, middle one largest and tinged with brown ; face rough
and pubescent ; thorax hairy, with black suture upon the pleura, and two lines
upon each humerus ruuning to the base of the head also black, elevated edges
upon the origins of the wings, surface between the wings, and thoracic middle
carina blackish ; wings hyaline, cellules large, bases of the posteriors tinged
with fulvous, costal and subcostal nervules, and pterostigma dark brown, tri-
angle crossed by a single nervule, having the sides a little sinuous, two rows of
discoidal areolets, eight antecubital and five cubital cross-nervules, membranule
small, a little dusky ; abdomen with a dorsal irregular line, dilating upon the
sixth and seventh segments, entirely covering the three posterior ones, a lateral
one, interrupted, dilating into a broader patch upon the apices of the fourth,
fifth and sixth segments, and branching off running obliquely forward upon
the third, an elevated, fine, transverse line upon the second and third segments. ,
which curve upon the sides, run a little obliquely forward and join ihe line
which occupies the transverse edge of the segment, another lateral carinate line
commencing against the transverse line of the third segment and extending lo
the tip of the eighth ; venter with a black line in the middle; caudal and anal
appendages yellow, pubescent, the former cylindrical, acute, more than twice
the length of the latter; vulvar scale extending to the middle of the ninth seg-
ment, a little elevated and triangular ; legs yellow, internal and lateral surface
of the femorse and tibae, spines upon the latter, and tarsi black.

Takanosima, Japan.

Length of posterior wing 11 lines. Pterostigma If lines. Abdomen 9J.
Cerci ^. Total length 14.

3. L. speciosa. $ Yellowish testaceous ; base of labium, tips of mandibles,
line behind the front, antennae, vertex in front and spots upon the posterior
eye lobe black ; remaining portions of the head yellowish ; labrum, nasos,
epistoma and front well defined, separated by sutures ; epistoma each side, in-
feriorly, and front with sharp, slightly elevated margins; face clothed with
blackish hairs, eyes touching in a very small part of their superior curvature,
occiput yellow, hairy, with a black spot each side ; prothorax with the posterior
lobe very prominent, slightly emarginate above, clothed with long hairs ; a double
line upon the humerus, two lines upon the pleura and elevated edges between
the wings black ; wings hyaline, narrowly tipped with brown, costal nervure and
subcostal cross-veins pale-brown, pterostigma dark brown margined with a
black nervule, triangle very acute, traversed by one nervule, three rows of dis-
coidal areolets, thirteen cubital cross-nervules, sixteen costal ones, membrane
large, blackish : abdomen yellowish with the three first segments a little dilated,
second and third with a transverse elevated line, the latter connected with the
transverse, elevated edge of the segment b/ another elevated, lateral line ; a
black line each side dilating upon the apices of the posterior segments and
almost covering the penultimate one, medial and lateral carinate edges deep
black, antepenultimate segment a little dilated, ultimate segment and append-
ages yellow, vulvar margin small, deeply emarginate, cerci fusiform, acute : legs
black, a yellow line above and beneath upon the anterior femorae, coxee and
basal superior surface of the posterior femorae also yellow, spines of all the lege
long, black.

Takanosima and Simoda, Japan.

Length of posterior wing 19 lines. Pterostigma 2 lines. Total length 2
inches.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 81

CoRDULiA Leacb.

C. viridi- cenea . '^ Labium and rhinariutn testaceous, face brassy-greenish,
villous, front coarsely punctured, deeply emarginate, antennse and eyes pale
brown, vertex dark green, not greatly elevated ; thorax brassy green with twc>
oblique, white vittae upon the pleura ; wings with a slightly yellowish tint,
nervures pale brown, pterostigma pale fulvous, triangles of all the wings crossea
by one nervule, eight cross-veins to che costal, six between the point-cubital
and the pterostigma; membranule white; abdomen depressed, segments brassy
with a pale testaceous, interrupted stripe each side, beneath dull testaceous :
caudal appendages long, hairy, sub-fusiform, acuminate ; vulvar scale elongated,
tapering, entire, extending as far as the inferior tip of the ninth segment.

Hakodadi, Japan.

Length of posterior wing 17.} lines. Pterostigma IJ line. Abdomen IT.
Cerci 2. Total length 25. "

Panorpa, Linn.

P. leucoptera. 9 Head black above, testaceous upon the antennal region,
rostrum dark testaceous, with a black line each side, palpi testaceous with h
piceous tip, antennae dusky, eyes black, with the posterior lobe pale testaceous :
thorax pale testaceous, a little blackish upon the prothorax, mesothorax with
an irregular black superior margin, with which four spots of the same color are
connected against the origin of the wings ; wings lactaceous, costal nervule
black, discoidal and most of the transverse nervules whitish, apical longitudinal
nervules brown ; three pale brown spots upon the sub-costal areole, two of
which are enclosed within it, one at the origin, the other in the middle, the
third, runs from the parostigmal areole to the middle of the wing ; several small,
transverse spots are also found near the posterior margin and a large one near
the apex; legs testaceous, origins of the tarsal joints and nails blackish ; abdo-
men dull testaceous, the three basal articles and apices of the two next black-
ish, anal appendages dusky.

Hakodadi, Japan.

Length to tip of abdomen 7§ lines. Alar expanse 14} lines.

Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quae in Expeditione ad
Oceanam Pacificnm Septentrionalem, a Repablica Federata missa, Cadwala-
daro Binggold et Johanne Bodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit

W. STIMPSON.

Pars. IV. CRUSTACEA CANCROIDEA ET CORYSTOIDEA.

CANCRID.ffi.

41. Cancer antennarius, Stimpson; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, vi., pi. xviii. — In
portu "San Francisco."

42. Cahcer gracilis, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 153; pi. vii. f. 2.
— California.

43. Cancer magister, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 151, pi. vii. f. 1.
— In portu " San Francisco."

44. Cancer productus, Randall; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad. viii. 116. — In
portu "San Francisco."

45. Etisus coNVKXus, nov. sp. Parvulus ; carapax perconvexus ; areolis fere ul
iVLE.levimano, sedmagisprominentibus; superficie mediana etposticalaevi, antice
et lateraliter partim rugosa. Frons convexa. Margo antero-lateralis quinque-
dentata, angulo orbitae incluso ; dentibus sat prominentibus, apicibus parvis
acutisque, interstitiis granulosis. Antennae articulus basalis processu orbitam

1858.]

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

attiugente. Chelopoda mediocria, paene levia ; carpo manuque in foeminis
supra pauUo rugosis ; carpo intus unidentato. Pedes ambulatorii compressi,
supra infraque ciliati ; dactylis subspinulosis. % Carapacis long. 0*57 ; lat.
0*84 poll. E. levimano affinis, minor, carapace magis convexo.
Hab. — In portu "Simoda" Japoniae ; littoralis.

46. Carpilips maculatus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 382. — Tahiti.

47. CARPuros coNVExcs, Ruppell ; Krabben des rotben Meeres, 13 ; pi. iii. f.
2. — Loo Choo, Tahiti.

48. LioMERA LATA, Dana ; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crnst. i. 1(31, pi. vii. f. 6. — Ad
insulas " Amakirrima, " prope "Loo Choo."

49. LioMERA OBT0SA. XantJio obtusus, De Haan ; Fauna Japonica, Crust, p.
47, pi. xiii. f. 5. — Ad insulam " Ousima ; " siiblittoralis.

50. LioMERA SUBAC0TA, uov. sp. Carapax ellipticus, leviter areolatus ; super-
ficie Isevi, glabra, antice prope frontem et orbitas ruguloso-punctata. Margo
antero-lateralis parte anteriori convexa, indistincte trilobata ; et dentibus duo-
bus posticis angularibus sat prominentibus, stilcis inter-jacentibus breviter in
carapace productis. Frons vix prominens, profunde emarginata. Margo orbi-
talis inferior angulo intemo dentifonni prominente. Chelopoda levia ; carpo
intus bidentato, dentibus pai-vis obtusisque ; manu extus sulco submarginali ;
digitis sulcatis, apicibus acutis. Pedes ambulatorii glabri, psene hevi, mero
superne granulate. Carapacis long. 0'57 ; lat. 0*92 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam "Loo Choo."

Lachnopodus, nov. gen. Carapax Isevis, regione postica transversim convexa.
Orbita margine externa trifissa v. trilobata, lobis parvis, obtusis. Antennae ut
in Carpilio. Gnathopoda intima lacinia ad apicem non furcata. Hectognatho-
poda ischio longittidinaliter sulcato ; mero superficie versus angulum internum
excavata, margine anteriore concava. Chelopoda manu facie externa sulcata.
Pedes ambulatorii valde setosi, mero compresso, superne spinoso. LiomercB
affinis, sed carapace angustiore, pedibus setosis spinosisque.

51. Lachnopodus Rodgersii, sp. unica. Carapacis long. 1-04; lat. 1-55 poll.
Hab. — In freto "Gaspar."

52. Atergatis FLOKrous, De Haan. Dana, loc. cit. pi. vii. f. 4. Cancer
ocyroe, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 375. In freto "Gaspar ; " etiam
ad insulam "Loo Choo."

53. Atergatis integerrimus, De Haan ; Fauna Japonica, Crust, p. 45, pi.
xiv. f. 1. — Prope portum "Hong Kong" ; sublittoralis, in rupibus.

54. Daira perlata, De Haan. Cancer perlatus, Herbst. — Ad insulas "Ama-
kirrima."

55. ZozYMus JENEUS, Lcach ; M. Edwards ; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 192, pi. x. f. 3,
"Loo Choo" et "Tahiti."

56. Acteodes speciosus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 198 ; pi. xi. f. 4. — Ad insulam
' ' Hawaii ' ' ; inter madreporas e prof. 3 org.

57. Acteodes bellits, Dana ; loc. cit. ; i. 196 ; pi. xi. f. 2. — Ad insulas
' ' Bonin ' ' ; inter madeporas e profunditate parva.

58. Acteodes affinis, Dana; loc. cit. i. 198 ; pi. xi. f. 3. — Ad insulam "Ou-
sima."

59. Acteodes tomentosus, Dana. Zozymus tomentosus, M. Edwards ; Hist.
Nat. des Crust, i. 385. — Ad insulas "Loo Choo," "Amakirrima," "Ousima"
et "Hong Kong."

60. Act^a pura, nov. sp. Superficies superior corporis pedumque tota con-
fertim tuberculata, pura, absque setis. Tubercula subaequalia, subconia, granu-

[ March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

33

lata, quasi crystallma. Superficies inferior partim tuberculata tnberP,,i;. a
pressis Ijevibus. Frous lobis medianis duabL prominentibus M.rl ^ ^'
lateralis valde convexa, quadrilobata, lobis pro^i^m 1 s ub^^^^^
utraque extante. Margo postero-lateralis brevis concava O.^^^^^^
margine ante.iore granulatus. Hectognatho'SaTero "t mariS Xnl
ischii granulatis. Chelopoda grandia didtis uisrriq ^,il^.t;« pT '^*^™^
torii dactyHs spinulosis, Tpinis^seriati:'. | cLS o^g 0-61 ll't'o-T^tu"

siS;^n^?Si/SoV^::S?irS s~ -- -^"

sternum antice granulatum. Chelopoda brevia, robusta granulata • dS

^:^^^i^t?r^'''' '-'-' '"^^'-'^ ^'- ^^^^ '^^

Kofg.''~^ ""'" ^^°'^'^ ^"^'^"' ^P™f- 24 org. Etiam in portu «'Hong

.|;f s=i — L 'i^^^^z!.^::^^:^

distmcte areolatus; areolis non valde prominent bus, granSfimorn'
Lrilt^'Fro^ns d fl'"'"" '1^^^^ postero-lateralis 'ef pSerio; long fmCe"
Sw^tl 1 ^^^<^^''^; media prominente, bilobata. Regiones latero iS

tenores granulosa, non sulcata^. Pedes eranulosi A h;.t;h: iatero-m-

-STai.— In portu ' ' Hong Kong. ■ '

.."s^.',5s?.',;; ■-■ ^ '•- •■>—■ •"... .■ «. ,1. ..... ..

hirsuti. 5 Carapacis long. 0-42; lat. 0-60 poll. -feaes ambulatoni

ITat.— In portu " Simoda " Japonife.

Krebse^S^?Tlf7T^- A^l."" 'f ^^"-^'.H^^^^t ; Naturg. d. Krabben und
f 9, Si/- tftito ' Gasp°af"^""''"^ "'''"^' ^^^^ ' ^^^ ^^^- ^- 174. pl. vii'

O^t^Jat^^oTe."'^'^^^'"^' ^^* ''''^' etmWis'numrrS^^i^Srp^or^^.^!
i?a6.-In portu "Hong Kong " ; vulgaris in fundo argiUaceo, prof. 5 org.

68. Haluiede fkagifer, De Haan ; loe. cit. p. 47 d1 ^iii f d p
"Hong Kong"; e fundo conchoso prof. 10 org. ^ ^- ^'"''P^

69. CoLORODius CYTHEREA, Dana; loc. cit. i. 213. pl xii f 2 \rJ J^c 1
Hawaienses; etiam "Ousima." • ^^o. jn. xu. t. z. Ad insulas

7.^'Da?aTorcit'^rii6''pr"%^f ^^^^ ^^^ ^^*^^^" *I-«'-<'^. P- 20. pl. iv. f.
[1858 ' ^ """• ■ ^- 3^ ^"''^^^^ "^^'^ ^li«« '' et "Tahiti.''

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

71. Chloeodius monticulosus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 206. pi. xi. f. 9. Ad insnla?
"Loo Choo," " Benin" et "Tahiti."

72. CnLOEODirs dextifkons, nov. sp. Carapax antice expansus, areolatus,
sulcis longitudinalibus validis ; linea transversa inter dentes laterales conspi-
cua, ciliata. Areolae partim granulatae. Margo antero-lateralis qninque-den-
tata, angtilo orbitse incluso ; dentibus parvis, acutis, sequidistantibus. Frons
augustior, sat producta, quadridentata. Margo orbitalis fissuris conspicnis.
Chelopoda superne rugulosa ; cai-po dentibus 2-3 parvis ; manu superne denti-
bus 3^ minntis, extus rugulosa. Pedes ambulatorii valde hirsuti, lateribus
laevibus. % Carapacis long. 0-33 : lat. 0-445 poll. C. electron, Herbst ; pi. li. f.
6., affinis, sed fronte minus prominente, et dente antero-laterali quinto, quarto
non superante.

Hab. — Ad insulam "Loo Cboo."

73. CHLOEODirs EXAEATus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1. 402. Dana :
loc. cit. i. 207. pi. xi. f. 11. = C. sanguineus, M. Edwards, Dana, etc. = Cancer
(Xantho) lividus, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 48. pi. xiii. f. 6.+ C (Xantho) affinis,
ejusd. p. 48. pi. xiii. f. 8. — Species admodum variabilis ; vulgaris in Oceano
Pacilico. Ab Expeditione lecta in portu ' ' Hong Kong ' ' Sinensi, et ' ' Simoda ' '
Japoniae ; et ad rnsulas "Ousima" "Loo Choo " "Bonin" et "Hawaii."

74. CHLOEODirs DisTiNGUENDUs. Cancer (Xatitho) distinguendus, De Haau ;
loc. cit. 13. 48. pi. xiii. f. 7. Forsitan varietas praecedentis. In portu "Hong
Kong. ' '

75. Chloeoduts geacilis, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 210. pi. xi. f. 13. Ad oras Sinen-
ses prope "Hong Kong ; " quoque insulas "Ousima" et "Kikaisima"; lit-
toralis et sublittoralis.

76. Chloeodius cavipes, Dana; loc. cit. i. 212. pi. xii. f. 1. Ad Insuias
"Bonin."

77. PiLODnJS NiGEOCRrsiTus, nov. sp. Carapax bene areolatus, sulcis profun-
dis. Superficies scabrosa, setosa, setis nigris, vel longioribus et 11 avis. Frons
minus prominens, non profunde emarginata. Chelopoda manu carpoque suh-
spinulosis. Pedes ambulatorii mero superne serrato. V Carapacis long. 0*28 ;
lat. 0"41. P. pilumvoidi alfinis, sed carapace latiore, margine antero-laterali
convexa, dentibus obtusis.

Hah. — In portu " Simoda " Japonise.

78. PiLODrns geaxulatcs, nov. sp. Carapax latus, bene areolatus, areolis
bene granulatis et pubescentibus. Margo antero-lateralis quam postero-latera-
lis parce brevior, dentibus parvis denticulatis, denticulo mediano prominente.
Chelopoda tuberculata ; tuberculis majoribus, cai-po intus dentibus parvis
acutissimis duobus ; manu tuberculis parvis, sparsis, subseriatis ; digitis sal-
catis, costis versus basim tuberculatis. Pedes ambulatorii superne granulati
et pubescentes. % Carapacis long. 0-29 ; lat. 0.44 poll.

Hah. — Prope "Hong Kong " ; inter madreporas e prof. 1-2 org.

79. Ctmo melanodactylps, De Haan ; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 225. pi. xiii. f. 1.
Ad insulas "Hong Kong " et "Bonin ; " inter madreporas.

80. Cymo Andeeossti, De Haan ; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 225. pi. xiii. f. 2. Pilum-
nus Andreossyi, Savigny. Ad insulas "Bonin."

81. Ozirs TRTTxcATus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 406. pi. xvj. f.
11. In portu Jacksoni Austr. ; littoralis.

82. Ozius FEONTALis, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 406 (?) In portu
" Hong Kong " ; quoque ad insulas "Ousima " et "Kikaisima " ; littoralis.

83. Ozics eugclosus, nov. sp. Carapax sat convexus, antice rugosus et
granulosus. Frons quadridentata, dentibus sat validis obtusis. Margo antero-
lateralis sexdentata, (angulo orbitae incluso,) dente posteriore parvulo post

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 35

dentem lateralem ; dentibus anticis ainplis, vix prominentibus. Corpus sub-
tus tomeiitosum. Regiones subhepaticae et subbranchiales granulosae. Hecto-
gnathopoda mero aHtice emarginato. Chelopoda inequales, superne rugulosa ;
manu majore extus Isevi ; manu miiiore extus rugbsa et tomentosa. Pedes
ambulatorii articulis tribus dense tomentosis. % Carapacis long. 0*85 ; lat.
1-27 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulas " Benin "; littoralis, inter lapides.

84. PsEDDOzius MiCROPHTHALMus, nov. sp. P. plano valde affinis, sed cara-
pace magis planato, fronte angustiore, oculis minoribus. ^ Carapacia long.
0-43 ; lat. 0-72 poll.

Hab. — ^Ad insulas ' ' Benin. ' '

SpHiEROzius, nov. gen. Ozio offinis. Corpus subglobosum, carapace angus-
tiore, margine postero-laterali longiore. Antenna biatum internum orbitae
occupans, articulo basali froutem non attingente. Margo frontalis et supra-
orbitalis continuae, nee sinu nee incisura separatse. Pseudozius dispar, Dana,
ad hoc genus pertinet.

85. Sph^rozips NiTinps, nov. sp. Corpus parvum, subglobosum. Carapax
convexus, Isevis, nitidus ; I'egione gastrica sulco longitudinali inconspicuo.
Frons emarginata, media sat prominente. Dentes autero-laterales parvi, acuti.
Chelopoda robusta, insequalia ; carpo Isevi ; manu supra extusque subtiliter
granulosa. % Carapacis long. 0-235 ; lat. 0*290 poll. A P. dispari differt den-
tibus antero-lateralibus acutioribus, et manu non tuberculata.

Hab. — In sinu prope " Hong Kong ;" in ramo Spoggodice e rupe ad prof. 1 org.

HETEROPA^"OPE, nov. gen. Panopeo affinis. Palatum colliculo instruct©, ad
marginem buccalem anticum sat prominente. Frons deflexa. Orbita hiatu
externo minuto. Abdomen maris septem-articulatum. Panopeus dentatus, P.
caystrus et P. formio, Ad. et White, hie pertinent.

86. Heteropanope glabra, nov. sp. Carapax sat transversiis, Isevis, glaber ;
fronte recta, declivi, media emarginata. Margo antero-lateralis quinque-den-
tata, angulo orbitse non prominente incluso, dentibus duobus proximis late
rotundatis, duobus posticis acutis. Oculi grandes. Orbita hiatu externo par-
vulo ; margine superiore et inferioi-e integris. Regio latero-inferior granulata.
Hectognathopoda, sternum, et abdomen pubescentia. Chelopoda la;via ; digi-
tis deflexis, ad apices decussantibus. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, parum pilosi.

■5 Carapacis long. 0.32 ; lat. 0.495 poll. P. caystro A. et W. affinis, sed mar-
gine antero-laterali profundius inciso.
Hab. — In portu " Hong Kong."

87. Heteropanope Australiensis, nov. sp. Carapax convexus, partim areo-
latus ; superficie postice Isevi, versus margines anteriores sparsim granulata.
Margo antero-lateralis dentibus acutis quatuor, angulo orbitse non incluso.
Regio subhepatica granulata, dente parvulo sub dentem post angulum orbitae.
Frons media prominente bilobata, margine serrulata. Orbita hiatu externo
distincto, angvisto ; margine inferiore denticulato, dente interno prominente.
Chelopoda robusta ; carpo granulato, intus unidentato ; manu Isevi. Abdomen
ot sternum pubescentia. % Carapacis long. 0*40 ; lat. 0-525 poll.

Hab. In portu Jacksoni, Austr. ; littoralis inter lapides limosos.

88. — Heteropakope EucRATomES, nov. sp. Carapax angustus, pai-tim in*-
qualis, antice irregulariter et distante transversim lineolatus, lineis elevatis
pubescentibus. Margo antero-lateralis quam postero-lateralis multo brevier,
quadridentata ; dente anterior (cum angulo orbitse coalescente, ) parvulo ; den-
tibus tribus posticis validis, acutis, mediano minore. Frons profunde emargi-
nata, ad finem siilci longitudinalis in regione frontali ; media lobis duobus
minutis. Orbita marginibus Isevibus, hiatu vix conspicuo. Hectognathopoda
sat hiantia, Isevia. Regiones latero-inferiores laeves. Chelopoda grandia, fomia
ut in Eticrate ; mero dente prope extremitatem superiorem ; carpo Isevi ; manu
lavi, digitis deflexis. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, secundi paris longiores.
1858.]

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Stemi dimidia posterior et abdomen pubescentia. Abdomen maris angustum.
Carapacis long. 0-32 ; lat. 0-40 poll.
Hah. — In portu ' ' Hong Kong. ' '

89. PiLUMNus MiTS, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 240. (An = P. vespertilio Leacli ?) In
freto " Gaspar " et ad insulas "Loo Choo " et "Ousima."

90. PiLUJixus RUFOPiT>-CTATtTS. nov. sp. Corpiis et chelopoda superne to
mentosa ; pedes hirsiiti. Carapax latus, postice laevis ; antiee areolatns et
tuberculis parvis subspiniformibus coccineis ad 20 ornatus, tribns approximatis
in linea mediana. Margo antero-lateralis dentibus quincxue ; primo (v. angulo
orbitfe) inconspicuo ; secundo inferiore in regions subliepatica ; tertio ab an-
gulo orbitse distante ; tribns posterioribns sat conspicuis. Frons sat augusta,
margine denticulata, in media vix emarginata. Orbita margine superiore 3-4
dentata ; inferiore sex-dentata. Chelopoda robnsta ; carpo et manu superne
extusqne sparsim granulatis, granulis prominentibus ; manu majore subtus
laevi. % Carapacis long. 0-43 ; lat. 0-50 poll.

Hab. — In portu Jacksoni ; sublittoralis in locis limosis algosisque.

91. PiLusnfus FissiFROxs, nov. sp. Corpus pedesque dense et breviter pubes-
centia. Carapax convexiusculus, antiee areolatus, utrinque bituberculatus ;
areolis bene piibescentibus distinctis ; sulcis Isevibus. Superficies sub tomen-
tum Isevi. Margo antero-lateralis dentibus normalibus ; secundo subhepatico ;
tribns posterioribus prominentibus acutis. Frons profunde emarginata vel
bilobata, lobis prominentibus. Orbita margine superiore bi-emarginata ; mar-
gine inferiore creuulata, angulo interno dentiformi prominente. Chelopoda
insequalia, supra minute tuberculata ; manu subtus Isevi. S Carapacis long.
0-32 ; lat. 0-465 poll.

Hab. — In portu Jacksoni, Australiensi.

92. PiLtTMXus VEKRUcosiPES, nov. sp. Corptis et pedes superne breviter
tomentosa, setis longis clavatis sparsis. Carapax latus, antiee pauUo areolatus,
utrinque prominentia valida prope dentem antero-lateralem medianum.
Dentes antero-laterales normales ; secundus subhepaticus ; tres posteriores
validi, obtusi. Frons nuda, emarginata. Margo orbitalis inferior crassa,
angulo interno prominente. Pedes toti superne verrucosi. Chelopodorum
cai-pus verrucis novem, manus quinque omata ; manus extus sparsim granu-
lata. Pedes ambulatorii articulo penultimo et anteijenultimo prominentiis
magnis, utroque duabus. % Carapacis long. 0*30 ; lat. 0'412 poll.

Hab. — In sinu "Simon's Bay" ad Promontorium Bonse Spei; in fundo are-
iioso prof. 11 org.

93. Plutmxus forficigekus, nov. sp. Carapax Isevis, tomentosus. Margo
antero-lateralis dentibus tribns posterioribus minutis ; tertio e angulo orbitae
remote. Frons lata, emarginata, media param prominente. Margo postero-
lateralis concava. Regiones latero-inferiores et hectognathopoda superficie
Isevi, glabra. Chelopoda mediocria, superne tomentoso ; carpo laevi ; manu
tuberculata, tuberculis sat parvis prominentibus, albis, sparsis in manu
minore. Manus major subtus glabra, subtiliter granulata. Manus minor
digitis compressis, forficiformibus, marginibus internis acutis, pa-ne rectis, non
dentatis. Pedes ambulatorii graciles. % Carapacis long. 0-27 ; lat. 0.36 poll.

Hab. — Prope eras insniae "Ousima"; inter Sertularias et Botryllos e prof.
30 org.

94. PiLCMXTTS LAPiLLiMANrs, Hov. sp. Carapax tomentosus, superne et
postice subplanatus ; — areolatus, areolis numerosis, sub tomentum partem
celatis. Dentes antero-laterales normales, secundus subhepaticus, tres poste-
riores parvi. Margo supra-orbitalis denticula. Frons sat lata, margine den-
ticulata, lobis medianis late rotundatis deflexis. Chelopoda robusta, carpo
superne pubescente, ad angulum internum papilloso ; manu nuda, papillia
conicis lapidescentibus v. subcrystallinis roseis confertis ornata ; digitis brevi-

March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 37

bus ; digito immobili triangulari. Manus sinistra digitis forficiformibus nt
in P. for/icigerus. Pedes ambulatorii tomentosi et partim setosi. Abdomen
tomentosum. $ Carapacis long. 0"50 ; lat. 0*65 poll.

Hab. — In mari Sinensi Boreali, lat. bor. 23° ; in fundo arenoso et conchoso
prof. 25 org.

95. PiLUMNUS HiRSiJTUs, nov. sp. Carapax et pedes liirsuti, setis longitudine
variabilibus. Carapax latus, sat inflatus, vix areolatiis, p ene laevi. Margo
antero-latoralis brevis, quadridentata, (angulo orbita iucluso,) deutibus acutis.
Frons emarginata ; serie setarum longarum submargiuali. Margo orbitalis
inferior denticulata. Chelopoda sat brevia ; mauu majoi-e superne irregulariter
tuberculata, subtus Isevi ; manii minore superne sj)inulosa, extus sparsim
granulosa. $ Carapacis long. 0"31 ; lat. 0'43 poll.

Hab. — In mari Sinensi boreali, et prope insulam "Ousima" ; in fundo con-
choso prof. 20-30 oi-g.

96. PiLDMXcrs MARGIXATUS, nov. sp. Carapax pedesque supra subtusque
pilosa. Carapax transversus, antice areolatus et linea elevata marginatus ;
areolis non prominentibus ; superficie psene Isevi. Margo antero-lateralis den-
tibus sat cristatis ; posterioribus acutis. Manus extus aspera vel granulis
rugosa. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, valde setosi. $ Carapacis long. 0-275 ;
lat. 0-355.

Hab. — Ad oras insulse "Loo Choo."

97. PiLUMNUS DORSiPBS, nov. sp. Corpus globosum. Carapax sat areolatus,
areolis granulatis et pubescentibus. Margo antero-lateralis quadridentata, an-
gulo orbitae incluso, deutibus fequalibus acutis, marginibus denticulatis. Margo
postero-lateralis valde coucava, excavata. Fi'ons lobis niedianis prominenti-
bus, sequaliter rotundatis. Regiones latero-inferiores versus margines sulcatae,
sulcis inter dentes marginales egredientibus. Chelopoda grandia, inequalia,
superne breviter pubescentia ; manu superficie supero-exteriore, et margine
infero-interiore granulatis, granulis prominentibus. Pedes ambulatorii sat
breves, subdilatati, pubescentes. % Carapacis long. 0-41 ; lat. 0-54 poll.

Hab. — In portu "Hong Kong" ; e fundo concboso prof. 10 org.

Eriphid^b.

98. RcppELLiA ANNULiPES, M. Edwards ; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 246. pi. xi. f. 4.
Ad oras insulse "LooCboo."

99. Eriphia levimana, Latreille ; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 249. pi. xiv. f. 7. Ad
oras insularum "Loo Choo" et "Kikaisima" ; littoralis, rupicola.

100. Eripuia Smithii, Mac Leay; Dana ; loc. cit. i. 251. Ad oras oceanicas
insulse ' ' Hong Kong. ' '

101. Eripuia scabricula, Dana; loc. cit. i. 247; pi. xiv. f. 5. Ad insulam
"Ousima."

102. Eriphia spinifroxs, Latreille ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 426.
Ad insulam Madeira.

103. Trapezia maculata, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 256. pi. xv. f. 4. Ad insulam
Hawaii.

104. Trapezia reticulata, nov. sp. Carapax in foeminis quam in maribus
latior. Dens lateralis parvus, acutus. Frons sinuosa ut in T. ci/inodoce,
(Dana.) Clielopoda mediocria, depressa ; mero margine interno convexo, ser-
rato, dentibus 5-6, exterioribus minus prominentibus ; carpo obtuso. Pedes
ambulatorii vix pubescentes ; dactylo quam articulo penultimo breviore. Color
superne pallide luteolus ; carapax pedesque regulariter coccineo-reticulati,
areolis parvulis numerosis. % Carapacis long. 0-30 ; lat. 0-35 poll. T. areo-
latcB affinis, dente laterali minore, areolis coloris multo minoribus.

Hab. — Ad oras insulse " Loo Choo " ; inter ramos madreporarum.
1858.]

o» PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

105. Tetraiia glabekrima, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 263, pi. xvi. f. 3. Ad insulam
'•Hong Kong."

106. Tetealia L^VLSsrsiA, nov. sp. T. glaherrimce valde af&nis, sed fronte vix
denticulata ; manu majore brevi, crassa ; digitis late liiantibus, intus non den-
tatis ; dactvlo valde curvato, superne subtiliter granulate. Carapacis long.
0-273; lat."0-298poU.

Hdb. — Ad insulam " Ouslma."

PORTUNID^.

107. PoRTrxrs strigilis, nov. sp. Carapax pedesque parum pubescentes.
Carapax convexiusculus, sat areolatus, transversim lineolatus, lineis elevatis
undulatis, confertis. Margo antero-lateralis quinque-dentata, dentibus medio-
cribus. Frons interantennalis lata, prominens, vix convexa, laminiformis,
margine undulata, indistincte trilobata. Chelopoda scabi-icula ; manu brevi,
extus costata, spina parva prope basim dactyli ; carpo ad apicem dente acuto.
Pedes natatorii dactylo lanceolate, longe cUiate. Carapacis long. 0*28 ; lat.
0-30 poU.

Hob. — In sinu ' ' Kagosima ' ' Japeniae ; in fundo conchoso prof. 20 org.

108. ScYLLA TEAXQCEBARicA, Dana. Lupa tranquebarica, M. Edwards ; Hist.
Nat. des Crust, i. 448. Var. serratus ; {Poituiius serratus, Ruppell ; Krabben
des rotlieu Meeres, p. 10, pi. ii. f. 1,) vulgaris, ssepe in aquis subsalinis in
sestuario fluvii "Canton" Sinensis. Var. oceaxica, Dana, ad insulam "Loo
Choo."

109. LcPA PELAGicA, Leacli ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 450. Vul-
garis in mari Sinensi.

110. LcPA SAXGUixoLEXTA, Desmarest ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i.
451. In pertu "Hong Kong."

111. LtrPA Sati, Gibbes ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 178. Dana ; loc. cit. i.
273, pi. xvi. f. 8. In mari Atlantico boreali.

112. Amphitrite GEAcrLDiAJfPS, nov. sp. Carapax convexus, pubescens,
lineis transversis, elevatis, granulatis, interruptis, ad sex ornatus. Margo
antero laterales novem-dentata dente postico duplo lengiore. Frons interan-
tennalis in media fissa, quadridentata ; dentibus medianis quam latei'alibus
paululum prominentioribus. Oculi pergrandes, globosi. Chelopoda maris
elongata, pubesceutia ; mere late, crasso, superne squameso, margine an-
teriore quadridentata, posteriore bidentata, dente exterior terminali, interiore
submediane ; carpe gracili, bidentata ; manu gracili, longitudinaliter acute
costata, superne tri^pinesa ; digitis quam palma paulo brevioribus, gracillimis,
compressis. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, tertii quam quarti paris parum
longiores. Abdomen maris triangulare, sed sat gracile. ■J Carapacis long.
0-68 ; lat. 122 poll.

Hab. — Prope oras Sinenses, lat. bor. 23° ; in funde limoso prof. 16 erg.

113. Amphitrite hastatoides, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 39, pi. i. f. 3. In sinu
bus prope " Hong Kong " ; in fundo limose, prof. 5-8 org.

114. AjiPHiTRrrE gracillima, nov. sp. Parvula ; spina laterali longissima ;
angulis pOsticis spiniferis ; dentibus antero-lateralibus minutis. Pedes ambula-
torii longi ut in A. tenuipede. A. lonrjispincn, vicjilantisque afSnis, sed manu
spina una solum prope basim digiti. Ab A. hastatoide diffeii; frontis dentibus
lateralibus quam medianis prominentioribus, margine orbitali supra dentifera,
et chelopodis gracilioribus.

Hab. — In siuu ' ' Port Llojd ' ' ad insulas ' ' Bonin ' ' ; fundo limoso prof.
10 org.

115. Amphitrite Haanh. A. gladiator, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 29, pi. i. f. 5.
(v is L. gladiator, M. Edwards.)

[March.

NATURAL SCIENCES OE PHILADELPHIA. 39

la mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23^ ; ad insulam " Tanegasima " ; et in sinu
' ' Kagosima " ; in fundis arenosis prof. 12-20 org.

116. Amphitrite media, nov. sp. A. Haanii affinis, sed dente laterali bre-
viore, quam proximo vix duplo longiore. Dentes antero-laterales approximati.
Prons interantennalis dentibus medianis et lateralibus sequalibus, non dis-
paribus ut in A. speciosa. Chelopoda foeminse mero brevi, lato. % Cara-
pacis long. 0*88 ; lat. -32 poll.

Hab. — In freto "Gaspar."

117. Amphitrite speciosa, Dana, loc. cit. i. 276, pi. xvii. f. 1. A. gladiator,
De Haan ; loc. cit. pi. xviii. f. 1 (?). Ad insulas "Tanegasima" et "Loo
Choo" ; fundo arenoso prof. 12 org.

118. Chaktbdis anisodon, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 42. Inportu " Hong Kong" ;
e fundo limoso, sex org.

119. Charybdis crucifera, Dana. Portunps crucifer, Fabr. ; Herbst ; Naturg.
d. Ekjabben und Krebse, pi. xxx. f. 1. In porta " Hong Kong" ; vulgaris in
fundis limosis prof. 6-20 org.

120. Charybdis vaeiegata, De Haan; loc. cit. p. 42, pi. i. f. 2. In mari
Sinensi boreali.

121. Charybdis sexdentata, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 41, pi. xii. f. 1. In portu
'• Hong Kong" ; littoralis in locis arenosis lapidosisque.

122. Charybdis granplata, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 42, pi. i. f. 1. In fretis
prope insulam "Hong Kong" ; in fundo limoso et conchoso, prof. 10 org.

123. Charybdis miles, De Haan; loc. cit. p. 41, pi. xi. f. 1. In portu "Hong
Kong."

124. Charybdis truncata. Thalamita tritxcata, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 43,
pi. ii. f. 3. et pi. xii. f. 3. In portu " Hong Kong."

125. Thalamita admete, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 459. Dana ;
loc. cit. i. 281, pi. xvii. f. 5. Ad insulam "Ousima."

126. Thalamita Integra, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 281, pi. xvii. f. 6. Ad insulas
" Ousima" et "Kikaisima."

127. Thalamh-a sima, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, i. 460. In portu
"Hong Kong."

128- Thalamita crenata, Ruppell ; Krabben des rotlien Meeres, p. 6, pi. i.
f. 2. Ad insulam " Loo Choo" ; in sestuario parvo limoso sublittoralis.

129. Thalamita Dan^. T. crenata, Dana, loc. cit. i. 282, pi. xvii. f. 7.
(non Ruppell.) In portu " Hong Kong" ; littoralis.

130. Thalamita picta, nov. sp. Parva, flavo coccineoque variegata. Cara-
pax pu1)escens, lineis transversis elevatis ut in T. Dance dispositis. Margo
antero-lateralis dentibus quinque, quinto quam tertio parum minore, quarto
parvulo. Frons media paulo prominente, margine profunde crenata, dentibus
sex ; duobus medianis parvis rotundatis, proximis latis, externis parvis acutis.
Antennae articulus basalis crista brevi, laminiformi,' Isevi, valde prominente,
ultra frontem extensa. Chelopoda supra squamosa, spinifera, et pubescentia ;
spina ad apicem cai-pi louga ; manu extus costata. Pedes natatorii articulo
penultimo margine postico spinoso. % Carapacis long. 0-470 ; lat. 0*745 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulum " Ousima" ; Uttoralis inter laijides et rupes.

131. Thalamita crassimana, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 284, pi. xvii. f. 9. T. pnjmna,
De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 43, pi. xii. f. 2 (non Herbst, M. Edwards.) Ad insulam
• • Loo Choo' ' ; fundo limoso prof. 1 org.

132. ANISOP0S PUNCTATus, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 44, pi. ii. f. 1. Prope oras
insularum "Niphon" et " Jesso," Japonise Borealis ; in fundis arenosis.

1358.]

40 PROCEEDINGS O? THE ACADEMY OP

CORTSTOIDEA.

133. Tkichocera gibbosula, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 45, pi. ii. f. 4. et pi. xiii.
f. 3. In mari prope oras orientales insulse ' ' Niphon' ' ; fundo arenoso ptof.
30 org.

134. Kraussia niteda, nov. sp. Carapax suborbicularis, nitidus, psene Isevis,
obsolete lineolatus. Frons interanteniialis valde prominens, media profunde
fissa, bilobata, lobis profunde excavatis ; margine ciliato. Margo orbitalis
superior fissura valida. Margo antero-lateralis ciliata, minute crenulata, in-
cisuris inconspioiais tribus v. quatuor dentes significantibus. Clielopoda vix
rugulosa. % Carapacis long. 0*32 ; lat. 0*36 poll. Differt a K. integro carapace
augustiore et fronte magis prominente ; a K. rugulosa et porcellana spinis later-
alibus uuUis.

Hah. — In mari Sinensi Boreali et in sinu " Kagosima" ; fundo arenoso prof.
20-24 org.

135. Cheirogoxcs acutidexs, nov. sp. C. Jiippocarcinoide, serratoque affinis,
sed dente laterali v. ma j ore longo, graciliore ; post quam dente parvulo inter-
medio. % Carapacis long. 1*45 ; lat. (inter apices dentium) 1-83 poll. Vnl-
gariter duplo major.

Hab. — In sinubus freti " Tsugar" inter insulas " Jesso" et "Nipbon."

136. Nautilocorystes ocellatus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 149.
Dicera octo-dentata, De Haan, Krauss. Ad Promontorium Bonse Spei in sioiu
" Simon's Bay" ; fundo arenoso prof. 12 org.

Descriptions of New Species of TJnio, from Tennessee, Alabama and North

Carolina.
BY ISAAC LEA.

Unio turgidulus. — Testa laevi, elliptiea, subaequilaterali, ad latere vel paulis-
per plaaulata vel impressa ; valvulis crassis, aatice cnissiorlbus, natibus tiimidis,
subelevatis incurvisquc; epidermide luteo-olivacea, crebre virido-radiata ;
dentibus cardiualibus subgrandibus, elevatis, subcoaicis, crenulatis, in utroque
valvulo dupllcibus ; lateralibus curtis, subcrassis subrectisque ; margarita alba
et iridescente.

Hab. — Cumberland River, Tennessee, Dr. Troost and T. C. Downie. Florence,
Alabama. Rev. G. White.

Unio perradiatus. — Testa lasvi, subtriangulari, inflata, postice obtuse biangn-
lata, subiaaequilaterali ; valvulis crassiusculis, postice crassioribus ; natibus
subgrandibus, tumidis et incurvis ; epidermide nitida, lutea et tola virido-ra-
diata ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, valde crenulatis; in utroque valvule
duplicibus; lateralijbus sub brevis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita, alba et
iridescente.

Hab. — Florence, Alabama. Rev. George White.

Unio Meredithii. — Testa sulcata, subtrigona, vald compressa, postice obtuse
angulata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis, antice crassioribus ; epidermide
crocea ; dentibus cardinalibus subcrassis, crenulatisque; lateralibus crassie,
Curtis subrectisque ; margarita subcrocea et iridescente.

Hab. — Tennessee River, Florence, Alabama. L. B. Thornton.

Unio Pybasii. — Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, postice obtuse angulata, iujequi-
laterali; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso fused,
obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus submagnis, obtuse angulatis, crenu-
latis ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis curvisque ; margarita vel alba vel salmonis
colore tincta et valde iridescente.

Hab. — ^Tennessee River at Florence, Alabama. B. Pybas.

Unio virescens. — Testa L-evi, elliptica, subinflata, postice angulata, valde;
inaequilaterati ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus ; natibus prominulis;
epidermide nitida, luteo-viridi, obsolete radiata, antice tenebrosa; dentibus,

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 41

cardinalibus parvis, accuminatis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ;
lateralibus longis, lamellatis rectisque ; margarita alba et valde iridescente.

Hab. — Tennessee River, at Florence, Alabama. B. Pybas.

Unio nepsensis. — Testa, Isevi, oblonga, snbcompressa, ad latere planulata
postice tiimida et biangulata, valde inaequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis
natibus prominulis ; epiderme nigricante, striata et eradiata ; dentibus cardi-
nalibus parviusculis, crenulatis, in utroque valvule subduplicibus ; lateralibus
praslongis subcurvisque ; margarita vel purpureii vel salmonis colore tincta et
iridescente.

Hab. — Neuse River, six miles from Raleigh, N. C. Prof. Emmons.

Unio purus. — Testa laevi, elliptic;!, subcompressa, postice rotundata, inaequila-
terali; valvulis subcrassis, antice spissata ; natibus subprominentibus ; epider-
mide luteo-oliva, glabra, ad umbones polita, obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardi-
nalibus submagnis, accuminatis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo subduplicibus;
lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente.

Hab. — Neuse River, six miles from Raleigh, N. C. Prof. Emmons.

Unio exactus. — Testa laevi, elliptica, compressa, postice rotundata, inaequila-
terali; valvulis subcrassis; natibus prominulis; epidermide tenebroso-rufa,
striata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo du-
plicibus, lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita alba et irides-
cente.

Hab. — Neuse River, six miles from Raleigh, N. C. Prof. Emmons.

Descriptions of a New Helix and Two New Planorbes.
BY ISAAC LEA.

Helix Clareii. — Testa superne rotundata, inferne plauo-convexa, regu-
lariter striata, brunneo-cornea, imperforata, unodentata : anfractibus septenis,
oblique striata; apertura lunata, subdilata; labro albido, reflexo, inferne
calloso ; columella in medio uno-dentata, ad basim impressa.

Hab — Tuskee Cove, Cherokee County, North Carolina. Prof. D. Christy,
Hamilton, Ohio.

Planorbis Wheatleyi. — Testa parva, tenubroso-cornea, planulata, obsolete
striata, bicarinata, superne depre>sa, inferne late et profundite urabilicata ;
anfractibus quinis, superne obtuse carinata, inferne acute carinata ; apertura
albida, crassa et valde constricta, intus sexdentata.

Hab. — Cotoma Creek, Montgomery County, Alab. C. M. Wheatley.

Planorbis Newberhyi. — Testa pallido-cornea, depresso-turrita, minutissime
striata, su{)crne et inferne acuto-carinata, late et profundite umbilicata; an-
fractibus quinis, planulatis ; apertura magna, pallido cornea, subtriangulari.

Hab. — Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, California. J. S. Newberry, M. D.

Descriptions of New Organic Remains collected in Nebraska Territory in the
year 1857, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Exploring Expedition under
the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, Top. Engr. U. S Army, together with
some remarks on the Geology of the Black Hills and portions of the surround-
ing Country,*

BY E. B. MEEK AND F. V. HAYDEN.

After leaving the great area of comparatively low country composed of nearly
horizontal Tertiary and Cretaceous formations, lying between the Missouri and
the Black Hills, the geologist, on approaching the latter, soon begins to see in

^Washington, D. C, March 1, 1858.
Capt. A. A. Humphreys, Top. Eng. in charge Off. Expl'n and Surveys.

Sir : The accompanying paper, by Messrs. F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, descrip-
tive of New Organic Remains discovered by the exploration in Nebraska, organ-
ized by the \Var Department and placed under my command in May last,

1858.]

42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

ihe disturbed condition of the strata over which he is passing, unmistakable
evidences that the hills looming up before him are not merely elevations left
by the denudation of the surrounding country, but monuments of the former
action here of those powerful subterranean forces which have played so impor-
tant a part in modifj-ing the earth's physical features.

First, in passing from the undisturbed overlying Miocene formation, we come
directly upon No. 5, or the upper member of the Cretaceous series of the north-
west, as subdivided in the published sections of the Nebraslia formations. Then
Iq regular succession Xos. 4, 3, 2, and l,are passed over, all dipping sometimes
at a high angle away from the Black Hills.* Beyond, and coming up from be-
neath No. 1, an older series of very similar strata, containing many organic re-
mains, which we regard as Jurassic types, is passed over, as we ascend the hills.
Then we have some fine red gypsum bearing deposites, separated by a bed of lime-
stone containing a few fossils like Coal measure forms.

Nest comes a group of well-marked Carboniferous formations, which repose
upon a reddish and grayish sandstone of the same age as the Potsdam sand-
stone of the New York system, — all of which were often seen highly inclined,
and apparently conformable. The Potsdam, in its turn, was met with, some-

with remarks in relation to the Geology of the Black Hills, has been prepared
for the purpose of being read at the next meeting of the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia, and I therefore, beg leave to ask the authority of the
Department thus to dispose of it.

The region embraced by these Black Hills lies mainly between the north and
south forks of the Shyenne River, and north-west of the well-known Mauvaises
Terres of White River. Everything relating to it has hitherto been most im-
perfectly understood. Situated remote from the great lines of travel to the Pa-
cific, and inhabited by brave and numerous warriors of the Dakota nation, de-
termined to resist the encroachments or intrusions of white men, it has
remained an unknown land, especially to scientific men, whose pursuits are
viewed by the Indians with superstitious apprehension. Even the trappers and
traders have generally avoided this dangerous locality, and hence the most er-
roneous ideas have been entertained of the position, direction, extent, and
formation of these so-called Hills.

Our exploration of the past year has, however, in a great measure settled
these points. We now know them to be a detached portion of the great up-
heaved mountain mass occupying the western portion of the territory of the
United States, and the most eastern part of it yet discovered. They form an
assemblage of mountain elevations lying between the meridians of 103° 15, and
104° 45, west from Greenwich, and between the parallels of 43° 20 and 44° 45
north latitude, the general deviation of the upland being about N. 20® W. The
highest peaks are elevated about 6700 feet above the level of the sea, and from
500 to 4500 feet above the surrounding country.

The geological discoveries which the exploration has made are of much value
to science, and the announcement of a few of the most important ones is the
object of the paper herewith submitted. Mr. Meek has co-operated with Dr.
Hayden in elaborating the results from the materials collected, without any
pecuniary recompense from the government, Dr. Hayden being the Geologist to
the expedition. Very respectfully your ob't serv't,

G. K. Warren, Lt. Top. Engrs.

The above letter, and accompanying paper, have been submitted to the Secre-
tary of War. Their communication to the Academy of Natural Sciences is
authorized. A. A. Humphreys,

March 1, 1851. Capt. Topi. Engrs. in charge of Office <kc.

* We should state here th-it the Tertiary beds were also often seen in the form of out-
liers, reposing unconformably on several of the older rocks, even down to the Carbon-
iferous, near the south base of the Black Hills.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 43

times far up on the higher points of the mountain, resting unconforroably upon
the upturned edges of what appears to be a series of very ancient, highly meta-
morphosed sedimentary strata, standing vertical. Beyond and beneath the lat-
ter, the main body of the mountains seems to be made up of a coai se feldspathic
granite, composed of large crystals of feldspar, with very small-proportions of
quartz and mica. This granite, and portions of the adjacent strata, were often
seen traversed by various veins, dikes, and larger outbursts of basaltic and
other eruptive rocks.

In order that our remarks may be more clearly understood, we give below
a general vertical section of the rocks seen in the Black Hills and around
their base, showing their order of succession, and approximate thickness. It
is not, of course pretended that all these formations were seen lying in con-
tact at any one locality; but they were often met with, under such circum-
stances, and holding such relations, as to leave little room to doubt that this is
their true order of superposition.

General Section of the Geological Formations seen in a?id near the Black Hills
(^descending).
\st. Miocene beds consisting of whitish clays and sandstones of various thick-
ness.

f No. 5. Of the Nebraska general section, with its usual characters and fos-
sils—150ft.
No. 4. Presenting its usual characters and containing its characteristic

fossils, — 150 feet.
No. 3. Usual fossils and composition, — 150 to 200 ft.
No. 2. Usual lithological characters and fossils, with some new forms, — 200

to 250 ft.
No. 1. Upper part yellowish and reddish sandstone, sometimes in heavy
beds, passing down into alternations of yellowish, gray, bluish,
•^ and reddish laminated shale, with seams and layers of dark car-

bonaceous matter, or impure lignite; beneath which there is a
heavy bed of compact yellowish and reddish sandstone, with in-
distinct vegetable remains, and much fossil wood, — above beds va-
riable at different places,— 300 to 400 ft.

Then come alternations of light gray argillaceous grit, and rather
soft sandstone, containing Ammonites Ilmiryi, n. s. p., and a small
oj'ster; also in bluish gray compact argillo-calcareous masses
tjnio nucalis n. s. p , and a small Planorlis, with other small
univalves like Paludina.

f A.. — Layers of argillo-calcareous, somewhat gritty mass, containing

iJSelemniies densvs, n. s. p., Ammonites cordiformis, n. s. p., Avicula
(Monotis) tenuicoftata, n. s. p.. Area (Cucullcea) inornata, n. s. p. ;
I passing down into a G or 8 foot bed light gray, or yellowish sand-

stone, with ripple marks and trails of marine wornis, 50 to 80 ft.
I B. — Light red argillo-calcareous gritty bed, with greenish seams, and
nodules (sometimes wanting,) — 30 to 40 ft.
C. — Soft gray and dark brownish sandstone, passing down into about
8 feet of laminated shale of various colors, below which there is a
Oj' J 6 foot bed of sandstone similar to that above, containing Avicula

fS K tenuicostata, and trails of marine worms. Then comes 30 to 40

feet of bluish, or ash-colored argillaceous shale, with great num-
bers of Lingula brevirostra, n. s. p., and Serpula. Next we have
a light-gray calcareous grit, containing columns of Pcntacrinus
asteriscus, n. s. p., Avicula tenuicostata, Serpula^ &c., the more com
pact and calcareous portions often perforated by Pholas ? The
latter bed passes down into a light-yellowish gray sandstone,
splitting into thin layers, and containing imperfect casts of
Mylilus (Modiola), Pecten, Trigonia, and other bivalves, in consider-
able numbers. Whole 60 to 100 ft.

1858.1

44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

f D. — Brick-red, incoherent, argillo-calcareous, very fine slightly gritty
I material, containing great quantities of gypsum in the form of

I seams, layers, and irregular beds, — 100 to 150 ft.

q 1 E. — Bluish and reddish gray, very hard gritty limestone, in which were
o I found a smooth spirifer-like S. lineatus, two or three species small

^ ] Pleurotomaria, two species Microcheilus and one or two species

K2 ■ oi BeUerophon. This bed is variable in thickness, — 10 to 50 feet.

" I F. — Brick-red material, very similar to the bed D, excepting that it con-
2 -j tains much less gypsum ; passing down into a very hard compact

concretionary sandstone, — 250 to 300 ft.
G. — Hard, more or less gritty, yellowish and whitish limestone, contain-
ing Productus, Spirifer, Euomphalus, &c. &c., passing down into a
light- yellow calcareous grit; altogether 50 ft.
H. — Very hard reddish-gray limestone, containing Syringopora^ Productm,
Terebraiula, kc. In the middle of this bed there is an 8 foot layer
of very hard compact bluish limestone containing many crinoid re-
mains, whole 50 ft.

I. — Potsdam sandstone, containing Lingula, 06o/ws ? and fragments of
Tnlobites, — 30 to 50 ft.

<3i .-. I

5:5

02

J. — Highly metamorphosed strata, standing vertical.

K. — Coarse feldspatliic granite, forming mountain masses.

The upper beds of the foregoing section, as seen along the Missouri, and in
other portions of Nebraska, having been described on former occasions, and
presenting few important new features, in the region of the Black Hills, we pass,
for the present, at once to the consideration of those below, beginning with No.
2. This formation, it will be observed, augments greatly in volume towards the
west, its thickness along the Missouri, above the mouth of Big Sioux River,
having been generally estimated at about ninety feet, while here, near the Black
Hills, it attains a thickness of two hundred feet. As it appears to be en-
tirely wanting on the Missouri, near Judith River above Fort Union, and is
found to diminish rapidly as we ascend the Big Sioux from the Missouri; while
there are many facts pointing to the conclusion that it is one of the main fossil
bearing beds of the Cretaceous series in Texas and New Mexico, we may rea-
sonably infer that the sediment of which it is composed came originally from
some source far to the southwest.

Lithologically this formation presents much the same characters near the
Black Hills as along the Missouri, being composed of dark gray laminated clays.
Several of its characteristic fossils were also found near the S. E. base of the
Black Hills amongst which we recognise Ammonites per carinaius (Hall and Meek), of
much larger size than those usually obtained along the Missouri, and numerou,s
specimens of a Cytherei, perhaps identical with C. ^f;!MiV(Hall and Meek). Some
interesting new forms were likewise found associated with the foregoing, amongst
which there is a large Ammonite, having septa somewhat like those oi A. placenta.
but rounded on the dorsum ; and a large strongly costated Ammonite, with very
prominent nodes along the dorso-lateral margins, apparently very similar to a
species described byDrs. Evans and Shumard under the name of J.. Galjnnanus ;
also a new species of Scaphites, closely related in the structure of its septa to
S. hippocrepis of Dr. Kay.

It will be remembered, we have in all our published papers, when speaking
of that portion of the Nebraska section composing No. 1, expressed doubts re-
specting its age. We placed it provisionally as the basis formation of the Cre-
taceous series, but at the same time stated it was " not positively known to be-
long to the Cretaceous system." In our last paper on the Nebraska formations,
and their parallelism with those of the States, and the far southwest, communi-
cated to the Academy in May, 1857, after having given all the facts in our pos-
session bearing on this point, we stated that " although the weight of evidence

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 45

thus far favors the conclusion that this lower series (No. 1) is of the age of the
Lower Green sand, or Neocomian of the old word, we yet want positive evidence
that portions of it may not be older than any part of the Cretaceous system."

Although we have little direct additional evidence at this time in regard to
the age of this series, as we have always understood it, we now know that from
beneath its lower beds, around the base of the Black Hills, there rises a series
of very similar strata, as may be seen by the foregoing section, separated from
its base by no well-marked line of demarkation, and containing many fossils
closely similar to those considered characteristic of the Jurassic system of the
old world. At the same time we have failed to recognize amongst these fossils
any forms peculiar to the Cretaceous epoch, or even very nearly analogous to
species common in rocks of that age.

The formations above alluded to as containing Jurassic types of fossils,
are marked in the foregoing sections A, B, and C inclusive. But as before
stated, these beds often pass so gradually, in their lithological characters,
into No. 1 above, and so few fossils have been found near the junction, that
we confess we have but a vague and indefinite idea in regard to the particular
horizon at which the line should be drawn between them. Indeed, the gene-
ral aspect of No. 1, and that of the formations below, are so very similar, and
they are all so unlike the beds above, that if we were to classify them by
their lithological characters alone, we should be inclined to view No. 1, and
formations A, B, and G as forming one natural group, or at least to think
that portions of No. I, as we now understand it, should be classed with the
series below. This view also appears to be the more reasonable when we
take into consideration the great thickness of No. 1 in the vicinity of the
Black Hills, and the fact that the beds A, B, and C contain a group of fossils
apparently more nearly related to lower than upper Jurassic forms.

Inasmuch, however, as numerous leaves beyond a doubt belonging to dicoty-
ledonous trees, closely analogous to the oaks, willows, and other existing forest
trees, are known to occur in No. 1 along the Missouri, near the Big Sioux, and
in northeastern Kansas,* and we have a Baculite from similar beds, apparently
of the same age, near the mouth of Judith River, on the upper Missouri, — while
we also learn from the letters and notes of our deceased friend, Mr. Henry Prat-
ten, that he saw a species of Baculite in formations presenting the same charac-
ters, and seeming to occupy the same position, along the Platte above Fort La-
ramie, we think we hazard little in viewing at least a considerable portion of
No. 1 as belonging to the Cretaceous system.

Another fact favoring the opinion that No. 1, even down as low as we have
provisionally carried it in the Black Hills section, probably belongs to the lower
Cretaceous, is the occurrence at its base of a bed co^i&imng Ammonites and Os-
lrea, along with Unio, Planorbis, and Palitdina ; an association of fossils which,
in that position, carries the mind rather to the Wealden than to older forma-
tions.

The occurrence of these forms at this horizon, also leads us to suspect that a
considerable portion of the estuary beds at the mouth of Judith River, above
Fort Union, in regard to the age of which we have been so much puzzled, may
be, as first suggested by Dr. Leidy, a representative of the Wealden, and as we
were then inclined to suppose, belong to our No. 1.

The close similarity between the lithological characters of these deposits, and
those of some of the Tertiary formations of the north-west, and the estuary
character of their fossils, together with the analogy of many of the species of
mollusca found in one of the upper beds, (which may be an outlier of Tertiary
resting on older formations), taken in connection with the fact that amongst the
fossils collected from one of the middle beds (see section, page 124, vol. viii. Pro-
ceedings, 1857,) there were some fragments of a Trionyx, regarded by Dr. Leidy as
identical with a species occurring in well-marked Tertiary deposits near Long

* We are indebted to Maj. Hawn for our knowledge of the occurrence of these leaves in
No. 1, as seen m Kansas.

1858.]

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Lake, below Fort Clark, led us subseqaentlj to think the whole of these estuary
beds, near the Jadith, might possibly be only an outlier of Tertiary reposing
upon deposits of the age of our No. 1. At the same time, in consequence of the
occurrence in them of remains regarded by Dr. Leidy as analogous io Lepidotus,
Iguanodon, and Megalosiurus, we stated that " in the midst of evidence of such a
conflicting nature, it is unsafe to express any very positive opinion respecting
the age of these formations."

Since we know that there is a similar group of beds at the base of No. 1, as
we now understand it, near the Black Hills, containing a mingling of freshwater
and marine fossils, although we are not sure any of them are specifically identical
with those found near the Judith, we are inclined to think our first views in re-
gard to these Judith River formations will prove to be correct, or in other words,
the beds from which the saurian remains, described by Dr. Leidy, were obtained,
will yet prove to be a part of the series we include in No. 1 of the Black Hills
section. This view receives additional support, too, from the fact that the Judith
River freshwater or estuary formations were often seen much upheaved and
distorted, while around the Black Hills the Tertiary deposits appear to lie un-
disturbed upon the upheaved older rocks, in such a manner as to indicate that
the last period of disturbance amongst the strata of this region occured af-
ter the close of the Cretaceous epoch, but previous to the deposition of the Ter-
tiary.

The evidence pointing to the conclusion that formations A, B, and C of the
foreo-oing section should be regarded as probably Jurassic, is, first, the affinities
of their organic remains ; and secondly, their stratigraphical position. It is true
we do not pretend to have recognized in these deposits any genera peculiar to
the Jura; but at the same time we have failed to identify amongst these fossils
any species belonging to genera limited in their range to the Cretaceous sys-
tem • while in their specific relations, so far as we have been able to make com-
parisons, they are nearly ail much more closely allied to Jurassic than Creta-
ceous forms, if not indeed actually identical with the former in some cases. This
will perhaps, be better understood by the following comparisons of some of the
species described in this paper, from these formations : —

1st. Pentacrinus asteriscus, n. s. p., from near the lower part of formation C, is
so nearlv like the Liassic F. scalaris, Goldfuss, that it is with some hesitation
we have regarded it as new.

2d. Avicula (Munotis) termkosiaia, n. s. p., ranging from the lower part of the
bed A to near the base of bed C, is very closely related to M. substriata of Min-
ster, from the Lias.

"id. Area {Cucullcea) inornata, n. s. p., from the lower part of bed A, is very
similar to C. Mamteri (Zeilen), also from the Lias.

ilh. PiDiopcea (Mi/acitcs) subelliptica, n. s. p., from the bed C, is similar to
the Liassic forms M. Liassenxis and M. Alduininus of Quenstedt.

bih. Ammonites cordiformis, n. s. p., from bed A, is of the same type as the
Oolitic species A. cordatus (Sowerby).

Qlh. Bdmnites densus, n. s. p., from bed A, is scarcely distinguishable from
the Oolitic species B. ecceritricus, Blinville, if indeed it is really distinct.

In addition to the above, there are in the collection from the beds A, B, and
G other species we have not yet had time to describe, which closely resemble
Liassic and Oolitic forms. These facts when viewed in connection with the
stratioraphical position of these deposits, below what appear to be lower Cre-
taceous formations, and as above stated, so far as we yet know, the absence in
them of well-marked Cretaceous types, are, we think, sufficient reasons for sup-
posing they probably represent the Jurassic system.*

* On a former occasion we expressed the opinion that Mr. Marcou was mistaken in re-
gard to the existence of Jurassic rocks in the region of the Black Hills. This opimon
was based upon the fact that one of us had traversed the belt of country he intended lo
color, east of these hills, as Jurassic, and found it occupied by Tertiary and Cretaceous
formations. We also knew his map of this region had been mainly colored theoretically,

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47

It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary for us to remark that the presence of Am-
monites and BelemnUes, in the rocks above alluded to, aside from the other or-
ganic remains, is alone satisfactory evidence that they do not belong to the
Triassic epoch. It is true the bed C is not known to contain either BelemnUes
or Ammonites, but so many of the same forms associated with these fossils in
the beds above, range down into the bed C, that unless it be the lowest stratum
of yellowish gray sandstone at its base, there appears to be little reason for sus-
pecting that it may belong to another system of rocks. In regard to this lowest
stratum of formation C, we would state that the fossils contained in it are casts
in a bad state of preservation, but as near as we have been able to determine,
some of them appear to belong to types occurring in the beds above; we, there-
fore, for the present, place it provisionally as a part of the group composing
formation C ; but it is possible future investigations may bring to light facts
that may prove it to belong to an older series, though it evidently is not Car-
boniferous, nor Permian.

Carboniferous Rocks of the Black Hills.
As may be seen by consulting the foregoing general section of the formations
seen in and around the Black Hills, the rocks we regard as of Jurassic age,
repose in that region upon a group of deposits, the larger portion, at least,
of which clearly belong to the Carboniferous epoch.

We would, however, just here remark before entering upon the discussion of
the Carboniferous formations of the Black Hills, that near the south-eastern
base of these hills some loose masses of a cherty rock were seen, on more than
one occasion, under circumstances indicating that the stratum from which they
were derived holds a position between the base of the bed C and the bed D of
the section. Yet as these cherty masses were no where actually seen in place,
we have not given them a position in the Black Hills' section, though there can
scarcel}^ be a doubt that they belong to it. The fossils they contain, or at any
rate several of them, are identical with species occurring in a formation in
north-eastern Kansas, now known to be of Permian age.

The first formation in the descending order of the foregoing section we are
inclined to place, (at least provisionally) in the Carboniferous system, is the bed
D, which is composed of a brick-red fine silicious or argillaceous, slightly gritty
material, effervescing very feebly in acids. Although from a hundred to one
hundred and fifty feel in thickness, no vestiges of any kind of organic remains
were seen in any part of this bed ; but it was always found to be characterized
by large quantities of gypsum, in the form of seams, layers, and large beds or
irregular masses.

Beneath the foregoing bed we have a bluish and reddish gray, somewhat
gritty limestone (E of the section), varying from 10 to 50 feet in thickness, and
containing fossils, resembling coal measure forms. The collections from thi.";
rock consist of a small smooth spirifer, broader and more compressed than i\
Imeatus, but otherwise somewhat similar, two or three species of JSIacrockeibtt.
two small species of rieurotomaria, and one or two species oi Bellerophon, all in
a rather bad state of preservation, but showing very satisfactorily their generic
characters.

and was necessarily based upon very erroneoua views in regard to its topographv. In
addition to this, we had found the immense area represented by him as New Red Sand-
stone, in the upper Missouri country, almost entirely made up of Tertiary and Cretaceous
deposits; while iiot a single Jurassic or Triassic fossil had ever been found throughout
the whole country.

Since the position of the Black Hills has been determined by Lieut. Warren, we now
know the area occupied by the Jurassic belt Mr. Marcou intended to place east, of these
hills, actually lies rather on the west of their middle portion, and does probably cover
some surface occupied by the formations we regarded as Jurassic.

Cy these remarks we do not wish to be understood as intimating that a geologist is re-
sponsible for errors into which he may be led by incorrect topographical maps ; nor do
we wish to withliold from Mr. Marcou the credit justly due liim for having first suggested
the existence (if Jurassic rocks in thJB region.

1858.]

48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Next in the descending order, we have formation F, which is two hundred

and fifty to three hundred feet in thickness, and very similar, towards the up-
per part, to the red bed D in its composition, excepting that it contains less
gypsum ; below, it passes into a very hard compact gray sandstone, the whole
apparently destitute of fossils.

It will, perhaps, be remembered we mentioned in one of our former papers the
existence of some facts which we thought point to the conclusion that the great
gvpsum deposits of the south-west, might be on a parallel with Xo. 1, or the
lower part of No. 2 of our Nebraska section. From the great similarity of these
red formations near the Black Hills, to the red gypsum bearing deposits de-
scribed by Mr. Marcou and others, in Texas, Arkansas, and New Mexico, we are
now inclined to the opinion that they all hold the same position, and are of
course much older than our No. 1.

The entire absence, so far as we yet know, of organic remains in these red
formations in the region of the Black Hills, as well as in the south-west,
shows that during their deposition the physical conditions in the waters where
they were deposited, must have been unfavorable to the existence of animal
life.

That the lower bed F, of the foregoing section, is of Carboniferous age, is
very probable, coming in as it does immediately above a well-marked Carbonifer-
ous formation, and below a limestone containing fossils closely similar to well-
known coal measure forms, two of which belong to genera (^Better opho7i and
3Iacrocheih(s), not known, we believe, to range above the Carboniferous sys-
tem.

It is not, however, so easy to determine the age of the upper red bed D. From
its stratigraphical position, as well as lithological characters, it might with
almost as much propriety be referred to the Permian or Triassic systems, as to
the Carboniferous. Yet as it appears to have been deposited during a repetition
of the same physical conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the bed
F we think it is perhaps safer to refer it provisionally, in the absence of palaeon-
tological evidence, to the Carboniferous system, though it is possible both these
red beds and the intervening limestone may prove to be Permian.

Immediately below the foregoing formations there is a rather fine grained
somewhat gritty whitish subcrystalline limestone (G of the section), containing
in great numbers a species of Spirifer, perhaps new, and resembling more nearly
forms common in the lower Carboniferous series of the west than those of the coal
measures • along with this a fragment of another Spirifer was found, having fas-
ciculate bifurcating costs, like S. Meusebachanus (Rtemer). n common coal mea-
sure fossil : also two species of Prodiicius, one of which is probably identical
with P. semireiiciilaius, and an other similar, but smaller species, with apparently
a less deeply marked sinus in the larger valve, and a shorter hinge. This bed
passes gradually down into a yellowish gritty somewhat friable limestone, in
which was found a Spirifer having a high area like S. cuspidatus ; and a large
Euomphalus, apparently identical with a species common in the Encrinital or
Burlington limestone of the lower Carboniferous series in the west, — the two
rocks are fifty feet in thickness.

The succeeding formation is a hard yellowish gritty limestone often tinged
with red (H of section), in which were found specimens of a small smooth Tere-
bratula, a small deeply sinuate Produclus, and a Syringopora? having small,
straight, very regularly disposed tubes, about -06 inch in diameter, and separated
by spaces about -09 inch across. In the middle of this formation, which is
usually forty feet in thickness, there is often seen an 8 foot layer of bluish rather
compact argillaceous limestone, containing a smooth Terebraiula resembling T.
subtileta (Hall), but perhaps distinct, and a Productus like P. cora, in the fine-
ness of its strife.

The fossils in the collection from these lower limestones (G and H) are un-
fortunately almost all in a very bad state of preservation ; so that it is nearly
impossible to determine with any degree of certainty their specific characters.
As near as can be ascertained, however, the majority of them appear to resemble

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 49

more nearly lower than upper Carboniferous forms, though some of them cer-
tainly are like coal measure species.

The color, texture, and composition of the beds are such as to carry the mind
at once to the lower Carboniferous series, and quite unlike those of any rock
known in the western coal measures.

Lower Silurian.
Potsdam Sandstone,

At several places in the Black Hills, the oldest Carboniferous bed of that re-
gion (H) was seen reposing, to all appearances conformably, upon a bed thirty
to fifty feet in thickness of reddish and grayish sandstone, composed of angular
grains of quartz, cemented by silicious, and sometimes small portions of cal-
careous matter. The fossils obtained from this rock were Lingula antigua,
(Hall), and great numbers of a small shell very similar to L. prima (Conrad),
but from its thickness and structure probably an Obolus; also a shell nearly
related to 0. appolinus, as figured by Murchison and De Vernueil, in their work
on the geology of Russia, but perhaps new, and fragments of a Trilobite belong-
ing apparently to one of the forms figured by Dr. Owen from the lower sand-
stones of Minnesota.

The above mentioned fossils, as will be at once understood by the Palaeon-
tologist, clearly prove this lower sandstone (I) to belong to the oldest portion of
the Silurian system, or in other words, to the Potsdam sandstone of the New
York series. The identification of this rock, at this remote point in the far
west, we regard as a matter of peculiar interest, proving, as it does, the exten-
sion of that formation several hundred miles further westward than it has
hitherto been known to occur in this country.*

Metamorpbic and Igneous Rocks.

At almost every place where the base of the Potsdam sandstone was seen in
the Black Hills, it was found to repose upon what appears to be upturned edges,
of an ancient series of sedimentary rocks. These older rocks present the ap-
pearance of having their strata thrown into a vertical or highly inclined condi-
tion, while the Potsdam, although much disturbed, rests unconformably upon
them.

Further in towards the interior of the mountain, and beneath the metamor-
pbic rocks, as already stated, the main body of the Black Hills is composed
chiefly of a coarse feldspathic granite and other igneous rocks.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSILS.*

PeNTACRINCS ASTERISCU8.

Our knowledge of this crinoid is entirely derived from detached piecps of its
column, and other parts, as seen imbedded in a sandy matrix cemented by cal-
careous matter. These segments or joints of the column may be characterized
as rather thin, small, and very symmetrical pentagonal, star-shaped bodies, the
rays of which are usually longer than wide, and rather acutely angular at their
extremities. Through the centre of each joint there is a very small circular per-
foration, from which five regular lance-oval, petaloid areas radiate, one to the ex-
tremity of each of the angles ; the areas being bounded byrather narrow, slightly
elevated transversely crenulate margins.

The above description applies more particularly to the largest sized speci-
mens, measuring about 18 inch across from point to point of the opposite angles.
Associated with these there are other much smaller joints, varying from -05 to
•10 inch in diameter. These have proportionably shorter and broader rays, or

* Figures and more extended descriptions to appear in Lieut. Warren's final report.

1868.] 4

50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

angles, which, however, appear uever to be rounded at the extremities. It ia
possible these smaller joints may belong to another species, though we incline
to the opinion that they are only the joints of smaller individuals of the species
here indicated.

The star-like surfaces of the column joints above described, present some
varieties of form, but usualh- resemble so closely those of S. scalaris, Goldf.,
that we are in some doubt about the propriet}'' of considering our fossil a dis-
tinct species. These joints are all much smaller than those figured by Goldfuss,
and appear never to have had the angles so short and rounded as some of the
examples given by that author and Quenstedt, of P. scalaris.

Locality and posi()o?i. — South and south-west base Black Hills ; Stone Butte.
Lower part of bed C of the accompanying section.

LiSGCI-A BREVIROSTRIS.

Shell oblong elliptical, thin ; lateral margins slightly convex, nearly parallel,
sometimes converging a little towards the beaks in young individuals ; front
subtruucate ; cardinal edge sloping to the beaks at an angle of about one hun-
dred and thirty degrees; beaks obtuse, scarcely projecting beyond the cardinal
margin ; valves nearly equal, convex along the middle, compressed near the
margins and in front. Surface polished, and marked by fine rather obscure
concentric strise ; on the surfaces of the inner laminae a few very obscure radi-
ating, or longitudinal lines are sometimes seen along the middle of the valves,
near the front. Length -54 inch ; breadth -35 inch ; thickness (depth of the
two valves) -16 inch.

Localittj and position. — Western and south-western base Black Hills, towards
lower part of bed C of foregoing section.

iNOCEEASa'S U3IB0NATUS.

We only know this species from an internal cast of a left valve, with,
portions of the shell adhering near the beak and hinge. This valve is
remarkably gibbous, and the beak, which is a little oblique and near the
anterior side, is much produced, elevated and involuted, so as to give the
valve the appearance of some of the Palseozoic univalves usually referred
to the genus Capulus. The aperture of this valve is subcircular, being
straighter on the hinge side than elsewhere. Tlie portion of the shell remain-
ing near the hinge is very thick, and composed of an inner laminated layer,
and an external coarsely fibrous portion, the latter being much thicker than the
other. "We know nothing of the surface markings, beyond the fact that
obscure concentric undulations are visible on the cast.

The remarkable form of this valve indicates that the other must have been
comparatively much less gibbous, or, perhaps, bore the relations to this, of
an operculum to a univalve shell, as in /. involutus of Sowerby. It is the first
species of this type discovered in American formations, so far as we know.
Heisht 3.10 inches ; length 2.38 inches.

Locality and position. — Tliis specimen was obtained from near Fort Benton
on the upper Missouri ; but as it was found by a person unacquainted with
geology, at a locality not yet visited by any person familiar with the formations
of the country, its position is doubtful. The composition of the matrix, however,
as well as the thickness and structure of the shell, lead us to think it
holds a position in No. 4 of the general section ; all the north-western species
yet known from formations below No. 3 being comparatively thin and entirely
fibrous.

AVICULA (MOXOTIS) TEKUICOSTATA.

Shell suhorhicular, or slightly oval, a little oblique, usually higher than long ;
valves nearly equally convex ; anterior side snbtruncate, rounding rather
abruptly into the hinge above, forming a broad oblique curve below ; basal and
postero-basal margins rounded ; upper posterior margin sloping obliquely for^

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 51

ward, but often curving gently outwards jiist below its ji^nction witb the ex-
tremity of the hinge line, so as to make the angle of the small, more or less
compressed posterior wing not more than eighty or ninety degrees ; hinge line
less than the greatest length of the shell. Beaks scarcely oblique, located
nearer the anterior than the posterior side ; that of the left or larger valve more
prominent than the other, and extending a little above the hinge ; beak of the
smaller valve more compressed, and scarcely distinct from the hinge margin.
Surface marked by small, obscure, slightly elevated, radiating lines or costae,
which are less than the spaces between, and crossed by fine, nearly obsolete
lines of growth, usually most distinct near the upper anterior margin. Length
•60 inch ; height "64 inch ; breadth '26 inch.

The sinus for the passage of the pedal muscle in the anterior margin of the
smaller valve is rather deep, narrow, and connected with a deeply impres-
sed narrow gi-oove, which extends on the outside of the valve nearly parallel to
the hinge, quite to the beak.

The surface markings are usually rather obscure on both valves, and often
nearly obsolete on the smaller one. Young individuals are more nearly orbicu-
lar than mature specimens.

A closely allied representative of the Liassic species Monotis suhsti-iuta Miinst.
(see Leonh. Br. t. ii, p. 8, 406.)

Locality and position. — Southwestern and eastern sides of Black Hills, ranges
from upper part bed A, low down in bed C, but not in to B.

MV'TILUS PERTENUIS.

Shell small, extremely thin and fragile, slightly arcuate ; valves convex
along the middle from near the beaks, obliquely backwards and downwards to
the lower part of the posterior end ; extremities narrowly rounded, the anal
end being a little broader than the other, and having its most prominent part
below the middle. Base somewhat arched behind the middle, more prominent
and curving very gradually upwards toward the front ; dorsiim carinate from a
little behind the beaks posteriorly, its outline forming a broad, sloj^ing curve.
Hinge nearly straight, rather short, rounding gradually into the dorsal edge
behind. Beaks small, rather obtuse, subangular above, and located at the
anterior end, scarcely projecting beyond the hinge and anterior margin. Sui'-
face marked by fine, rather obscure lines of growth.

Locality and position. — West base of Black Hills, bed C, of the accompanying
section.

Arca (Cpculljea) ixornata.

Shell oblong-oval, subrhombic, rather gibbous in the umbonial region ; an-
terior side rounded up from below, so as to meet the hinge at an angle orabout
ninety degrees ; posterior side a little broader than the other, obliquely trun-
cate above, somewhat narrowly rounded below ; base nearly straight along the
middle, but not exactly parallel to the hinge, rounding up more gradually to-
wards the front than behind. Beaks rising somewhat above the hinge, rather
pointed, incurved and very slightly oblique, located a little in advance of the
middle ; posterior umbonial slopes subangular. Hinge rather long, but not
equalling the greatest length of the shell ; posterior teeth two or three in each
valve, linear and elongate parallel to the hinge margin ; anterior teeth much
shorter and oblique ; ligament area not very broad. Surface apparently smooth.
Length 'TS inch ; height '45 ; breadth "46 inch.

Has the teeth of the hinge arranged like those of Cucvlhra, or approaching
those of Macrodon, but the posterior muscular impression seems not to be
raised upon a projecting lamina as in those genera.

Locality and position. — South western base of Black Hills ; also around Beai
Butte, on east side of Black Hills, bed A, of tlie foregoing section.

1858.]

52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

USIO NCCALIS.

Shell oval, moderately gibbous ; extremities rather narrowly rounded, the
most projecting part of the posterior end being below the middle, and that of
the anterior extremity above it ; base semioval, often quite prominent in the
middle ; beaks a little depressed, located about half way between the centre
and the anterior end ; umbonial region rather gibbous, and rising above the
hinge, subangular on the posterior slopes. Surface marked by fine lines of
growth, and more or less distinct concentric wrinkles ; the latter becoming
quite small and very regular on the beaks. Traces of extremely small regular
radiating wrinkles are also sometimes seen between the obscure angle on the
back part of the umbones, and the hinge. Length 1-85 inches ; height 1*34
inches ; breadth 1 inch.

We were at first in much doubt about referring this shell to the genus Unto,
because it is associated with a small oyster and Ammonites Henryi of this paper.
The hinge, however, as far as we have been able to make out its characters, is
like that of the genus Unio, and entirely different from Cardinia, and other
forms usually resembling Unio. In the left valve, (we have not seen the hinge
of the right valve,) it is moderately thick, somewhat arched, and provided
with two posterior lateral teeth, which are elongated parallel to the cardinal
edge, and separated by a groove apparently for the reception of a tooth in the
other valve. The cardinal tooth, which is placed nearly under the beak, i?
rather irregular, somewhat flattened, and a little corrugated on the edge.

In addition to the foregoing characters, we are led to think this must be a
true Unio, from finding in the same matrix several specimens of a small Pla-
norbis and a fragment of Paludina.

Locality and jmsition. — Southwest base of Black Hills, in lower part of No. 1.

COKBULA IXORXATA.

Shell small, trigonal, very gibbous ; anterior side more or less rounded ; pos-
terior extremity angular below, base semiovate, the most prominent part being
towards the front ; hinge sloping from the beaks, which are central ; posterior
umbonial slopes angular. Eight valve more convex than the other, and hav-
ing its beak more gibbous, elevated and incurved ; but the margins of the two
valves are equal, nearly or quite closed, and a little wai-ped. Surface nearly
smooth or only marked by very obscure lines of growth, and sometimes a few
indistinct concentric wrinkles near the base. Length '2^ inch ; breadth '29 :
height of larger valve 23 inch, of smaller 20 inch.

We have not yet had an opportunity to see the interior of this shell, hut
owing to the fact that there is often seen on the posterior side of each valve,
just within the posterior umbonial angle, a rather distinct groove curving down
from the beaks, directly over the position of the raised internal lamina in our
genus CorhulameUa, we suspect this species may possibly be found to possess
the internal characters of that genus.

Locality and position. — Long Lake, Xo. 5, of the general section.

Panop.ba (Myacites) scbelliptica.

Shell narrow, subelliptical, or subovate, moderately compressed, extremities
narrowly rounded, the posterior end being more compressed than the other.
and sometimes very faintly truncate on the oblique upper slope, both ends
apparently nearly closed, or but slightly gaping. Base forming a very broad
gentle curve, rounding up gradually towards the extremities ; dorsal outline
slightly concave in front and rear of the beaks, the anterior slope being more
abrupt than the other. Umbonial region obscurely angular on the posterior
side ; beaks rather depressed, but rising above the hinge, approximate, and
located in advance of the middle. Surface of cast marked by small, moderately
distinct, irregular concentric wrinkles of growth. Muscular and paUial im-

[March.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53

pressions imknown. Length 2-10 inches ; height I'lO inches ; transverse
breadth -70 inch.

Locality and position. — Western and southwestern base Black Hills, low down
in bed C of the accompanying section.

Teredo globosa.

Shell globose, thin, rounded or subtruncate and gaping posteriorly ; anterior
liiatus large, and consisting of a rectangular notch extending from the base
half way up towards the beaks, and back to the middle of the shell. Um-
bonial region gibbous ; beaks placed near the anterior side, much incurved
obliquely forward. Surface marked by rather distinct lines of growth, which,
on the back part of the shell, curve down, parallel to the posterior border,
until they approach a small indistinct ridge, or slightly elevated line, i)assing
down from the umbones, when they curve abriiptly upwards nearly parallel
to the margin of the anterior hiatus, becoming at the same time much finer and
more regular, as well as very finely and beautifully crenulate ; on reaching a
small, indistinct groove, which curves down obliquely from the beaks towards
the corner of the anterior notch, these lines are abruptly deflected upon the
anterior portion of the shell extending out over the notch.

The tubes are thin, subcylindrical, and sometimes nearly straight, but gen-
erally variously curved ; and increase gradually from the smaller to the larger
end. Length of shell "23 inch ; height and breadth of do. each -22 inch. Di-
ameter of one of the larger tubes .26 inch.

Locality and position. — Square Butte, near Fort Clark, upper part of No. 5
of the general section. Found in great numbers in large masses of fossil
wood.

Pholas cdneata.

Shell small, very thin, cuneiform, most gibbous at the anterior end, which is
truncate, and more or less gaping, — narrowing and much compressed posterior-
ly; anal extremity very narrowly rounded and gaping a little. Dorsal margin
declining slightly from behind the beaks, with a very gentle convex curve to-
wards the posterior end ; basil margin nearly straight, or a little concave in
outline. Beaks small, located at the anterior extremity, scarcely rising above
the hinge, incurved and touching.

The surface is marked by small concentric wrinkles, which are much more
distinct on the gibbous anterior half of the shell than behind, and crossed
by two grooves, the anterior one of which is linear, but well defined (on the
cast), and extends from the beaks downwards, and a little backwards, so as to
reach the base in advance of the middle ; the other groove is more shallow,
broader, less distinctly defined, and extends from the back part of the beaks,
obliquely backwards and downwards, just within the subangular posterior um-
bonial slopes.

There is also a small ridge or elevated line, on the anterior end of each valve,
curving parallel to the concentric wrinkles, from the base about half way up
towards the beaks, from which point it is deflected abruptly at right angles for-
ward, so as to delineate exactly the form of the angular notch or hiatus of
Teredo and Xyophaga : but the margin of the valve, (at any rate in adult shell?)
extends out beyond this line, so as to leave a comparatively small hiatus

The posterior muscular impression is long, very narrow, and placed near the
postero-dorsal edge ; while the pallial line passes obliquely down near the
middle of the valves, and appears to be provided with two sinuses, the upper
one being very small, and lower of medium size. The space behind the pallial
line is marked on the interior by extremely fine, obscure radiating stris. Length
•3T inch ; height -18 inch ; breadth -16 inch.

Locality and position. — Long Lake, No. 5 general section.

1S58.]

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF *

AcTEON (Solidula) attexxcta.

Shell small, elongate ; spire elevated ; volutions (number unknown) depres-
sed, or but slightly convex, separated by a shallow, but distinct siiture. Sur-
face ornamented by numerous small punctate striae, usually less than the
spaces between, and numbering about fourteen on the second turn ; sometimes
there is on the body whorl a much smaller stria between each two of the
others ; while near the base of this volution the striae are stronger than above,
and more distinctly punctate. Lip and columella unknown. Length about
•57 inch ; breadth 17th inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 18°.

As our specimen is not in a condition to show the coUumella, we are left in
some doubt respecting its generic relations, but its form and surface markings
are similar to those of species usually refeiTed to the genus Acteon.

Locality and position. — Yellow-stone river, formation No. 4 and 5 blended
together.

Helicoceras? tortus.

Our specimen of this species is a fragment, consisting of one septate volution
of the spire. This evidently- belonged to a sinistral conical shell, composed (at
any rate during a part of its growth) of rounded whorls, which are coiled in
an ascending spiral, so far out of the same plane as ,to be disconnected by a
free space equalling about one-third the diameter of each succeeding whorl be-
low. The umbilical cavity left within, is, at its aperture, less than the diameter
of the largest volution ; while the wlioils increase in size, so as nearly to double
their diameter each turn. The surface is ornamented by two rows of rather low
nodes, passing round the lower outer side (the apex of the spire being above)
of the whorls, — and small, but distinct annular costae, which often bifurcate at
the nodes.

The siphuncle is very small, and in the specimen before us presents the re-
markable peculiarity of gradually changing its position in passing from the
smaller to the larger extremity of the fragment before us. That is to say, — at
the smaller end of the specimen, it occupies exactly the middle of the dorsal, or
outer side, but in passing round it gradually curves upwards, so that by the
time it reaches the larger end, it comes out on the summit of the whorl. Con-
sequently, if it goes on in this way, another turn of the spire would bring it
on the inner or umbilical side, — a third on the underside, and the fourth again
on the dorsal or outer side. It is also worthy of note that the lobes and
saddles of the septa, and to some extent the nodes, followed the peculiar curve
of the siphuncle, so that it would seem the whorls not only form an ascending
spiral curve, but are, as it were, at the same time, twisted in such a manner as
to change the relative positions of the dorsal and ventral sides.

The septa are provided with six lobes and six saddles, the larger of which are
profoundly sinuous and variously branched. The dorsal lobe is comparatively
small, aud ornamented at the extremity by two nearly equal branches, each of
which is subdivided into from three to five small divisions with sinuous margins ;
above this there is a small lateral branchlet on each side, the riglit hand one
of which is bifid. The superior lateral lobe is considerably larger than the
dorsal lobe, and deeply divided by its auxiliary saddle into two large unequal
spreading branches, of which the one on the ventral side is somewhat longer than
the other, and provided at the extremity by two nearly equal spreading bifid
branchlets and several smaller digitations ; the other principal division is less
deeply divided at the extremity into two unequal parts, the terminal or longer
of which is bifid : the margins of the main branches, as well as of the body of
the lobe, are also provided with several subordinate divisions with sinuous edges.
The inferior lateral lobe is somewhat smaller, but in other respects scarcely
differs from the superior lateral lobe.

The dorsal saddle is nearly as large as the inferior lateral lobe, but less spread-
ing above, and narrower, as well as more oblique at its base ; while its extre-
mity is profoundly divided, by its auxiliary lobe, into two subequal tripaitite,

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65

deeply sinuous branches. The lateral saddle is very nearly of the same size and
form as the dorsal lobe, but less oblique, and a little more deeply divided by its
long auxiliary lobe.

The greater transverse diameter of our specimen is 2-43 inches ; do. of um-
bilicus, -05 inch ; diameter of larger end of the whorl 1-04 inch ; do. of the
smaller end -74 inch; diameter of the siphuncle at the larger extremity -6 inch.

The peculiar twisted character of the volutions in this shell led us to suspect
it may be found, when better specimens are obtained, to constitute a distinct
genus from any Cephalapod hitherto described. For the present, however, we
refer it provisionally to the genus to which it appears most nearly related.

Locality and position. — Great Bend of the Missouri, lower part of No. 4, general
section.

TURRILITES (HeLICOCERAS) COCHLEATUS.

Shell sinistral, very thin, and composed of rounded, nearly or quite contiguous
whorls, which gradually increase in size from the smaller to the larger extre-
mity; umbilicus slightly wider than the diameter of the largest whorl. Surface
ornamented by numerous small rather irregular bifurcating, annular costae,
which first pass obliquely bacliwards and outwards from the umbilicus above,
then curve so as to cross the dorsum obliquely downwards and forwards, but
on reaching the lower side, they curve backwards again, in approaching the
ventral side. There are also two rows of obscure, flattened, or depressed oval
nodes, one of which passes round nearly exactly over the siphuncle, which
occupies the middle of the outer side of the whorl, while the other is placed
less than one-fifth of the circumference of the whorl lower down.

The septa are rather distant, and divided into six lobes and six saddles, which
are a little unsymmetrical, in their subordinate details, but about of the same size
and general form on opposite sides of the siphuncle. The dorsal lobe is small, and
ornamented at the extremity, by four small branches, the two terminal of which
are a little larger than the others, slightly dissimilar, and each provided with
five or six unequal digitations ; the other two divisions are not exactly opposite,
differ slightly in form, and are each armed with about from three to five or six
unequal digitate points : above these principal terminal divisions, there are
also along the body of the lobe a few small alternating lateral pinnules.

The superior lateral lobe is greatly larger than the dorsal lobe, and very
deeply divided into two great, subequal, spreading branches, of which the one
on the ventral side is a little larger than the other (especially on the side of the
whorl below the siphuncle), and unequally subdivided into three bifid brauchlets,
the two terminal of which are much larger than the third, and each ornamented
by several small unequal, projecting points, the other main branch is divided
into two principal, bifid branchlets with many smaller sinuosities and digitations.
The inferior lateral lobe is somewhat smaller than the superior, but in other
respects very similar.

The dorsal saddle is small, very oblique, much contracted at its base, and
divided above into two unequal variously subdivided, sinuous branches. The
lateral saddle is not so oblique, but does not otherwise difi'er materially from
the dorsal saddle.

Our specimen consists of a little more than half a volution, the greatest
transverse diameter of which is 2-34 inches; breadth of umbilicus "75 inch.
Diameter of the volution at larger end, which is a 'little oval, -73 inch by -64
inch ; do. of smaller end, which is very nearly circular, -54 inch.

It is not easy to determine, from our specimen, whether this species is most
nearly related to the genus Tarrdiles or Helicoceras. In the rounded and com-
parative slender form of its whorls, as well as the large size of its umbilicus, it
is more like the latter genus ; while the fact that the volutions are nearly or
quite in contact, as is shown by an impression left on the matrix, would seem
to indicate that it must belong to the genus Turrilites. It is probable, however.

1858.]

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

these two types will be found to be connected by many intermediate gradations
of form, when larger numbers of these Cephalopods are known.

Locality and position. — Great Bend of the Missouri, lower part of No. 4.

Helicoceras tenoicostatus.

The fragment upon which we propose to found this species is slender, nearly
cylindrical, and increases very gradually in size, from the smaller to the larger
extremity. It makes a remarkably broad sinistral, ascending spiral curve, so
as to leave the volutions disconnected, and form a large umbilical space, having
a diameter about four times as broad as that of the largest whorl. The
siphuncle is of medium size, and occupies a position above the middle of the
outer side of the volutions.

The surface is ornamented by rather irregular moderately distinct annular
costae, which occasionally bifurcate, and pass nearly straight around the whorls
On the outside of the volutions the costse are stronger than within, and show,
a disposition to swell out into obscure nodes. Length of fragment 1-64 inch :
diameter at larger extremity -49 inch ; do. of smaller end -44 inch.

We have for a long time past had this specimen in our possession, but always
supposed it identical with Hamites Mortoni^ (Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Acad.
Arts and Sci. N. S. vol. 5, pi. iv. fig. 3 a. c.) which is probably a Helicoceras.
After a more careful comparison, however, we find the following differences,
which we think are of specific importance, — in the first place, the costee of the
shell DOW before us are less prominent, and encircle the volutions much less
obliquely than those of H. Mortoni ; while the siphuncle occupies a higher
position in the dorsum, and the spiral coil of the shell was sinistral, while that
of H. Mortoni is dextral. In addition to the foregoing, there are well marked
differences in the details of the lobes and saddles of the septa, which cannot,
however, be well explained without the use of figures.

Locality aud position. — Great Bend of the Missouri, lower part, No. 4.

TUERILITES ? UMBILICATDS.

We have of this species nearly an entire volution, a little more than half of
which is septate, but not in a condition to show the form of the lobes. It is a
sinistral shell, the rounded volutions of which are coiled in an ascending spiral,
nearly or quite in contact, and increase gradually in size, from the smaller to
the larger extremity. The umbilicus is a little less than the diameter of the
largest volution ; and the siphuncle occupies a position in the middle of the
outer side of the whorls.

The surface is ornamented by rather distinct, annular bifurcating costae,
which, on the upper side of the whorls, curve first obliquely backwards and out-
wards from the umbilicus, then forwards and downwards, as they cross the
dorsum, and on reaching the under side, curve inwards to the umbilicus. There
are also two rows of more or less distinct nodes passing around the under outer
side of the whorls, at which the costse usually bifurcate.

Greatest transverse diameter across the volutions and umbilicus 3-20 inch ;
breadth of larger end of whorl 1-19 inch ; do. of smaller end 1-OG inch.

Not having seen the septa of this species, it is with some hesitation we have
considered it distinct from T. cockleatus of this paper ; though it differs from
our specimen of that species in having less neatly rounded volutions, much
stronger nodes and costae, and proportionably a little smaller umbilicus ; they
may, however, be only varieties of the same species.

i^ocality and position. — Great Bend of the Missouri, lower part of No. 4 of
general section.

Ancyloceras (Hamites) uncds.

We have only seen a fragment of this specie, consisting of the curved portion
of the non-septate, or body part of the shell. It is compressed laterally, and
makes a rather short curve in the same plane, — leaving between the two cxtre-

[ March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 57

inities, a free space equalling about half the greater diameter of the larger
limb ; both ends are then extended in the same direction, and, apparently,
nearly parallel.

The surface is ornamented by strong, rather angular more or less oblique
annular cost.'e, which occasionally bifurcate on the sides, and are much more
prominent towards the dorsal, than the ventral side. There are, also, two
rows of rather small nodes on each side of the dorsum, placed on the costie ;
t'.ioae nearest the dorsum being more prominent than the others, which merely
consist of a slight swelling of the ribs.

Diameter across the curve 3-92 inches ; greater diameter, transverse section
of larger limb 1-73 inch ; smaller diameter of do. 1-10 inch.

We are unable to determine from this fragment whether it is an Ancyloceras
or a Ilaviite.

Locality and position. — South fork of Cheyenne River, near base of Black Hills.
No. 4, of the general section.

Ammonites cordiformis.

Shell, when young, rather compressed, but becoming much more convex with
age ; dorsum distinctly carinate, in small specimens, much more obtuse in the
adult. Umbilicus one half to one third as broad as the outer whorl ; propor-
tionally smaller in large than small individuals ; transverse section of the volu-
tions distinctly cordate. Surface ornamented by numerous small costa3, which
are largest near the umbilicus, where they sometimes (in the medium sized
specimens) swell a little, so as to form obscure transversely elongated, subno-
duse prominences. A short distance beyond this, they bifurcate regularly, or
are increased by the implantation of others between, to two or three times their
number, at the umbilicus. As they approach the dorsum, they curve distinctly
forward, and in passing over it, impart to the dorsal carina, especially in young
specimens, a more or less distinctly serrated outline : on the outer volutions of
large individuals, the costse are almost entirely obsolete,

The septa, which are not very closely crowded, are divided into five lobes on
each side, the first four of which are similar in their mode of branching to those
oi A. cordatus of Sowerby ; but they are less deeply sinuous, and present other
differences in their details. Greater diameter (of an imperfect specimen) 3-30
inches; transverse diameter of its outer whorl 1-90 inch; breadth of same
from umbilicus to dorsum 1*64 inch. Breadth from umbilicus to dorsum of a
portion of an outer volution of large individual 3-50 inches ; transverse diameter
of same, near the umbilicus 3-18 inches.

In many respect this shell is nearly related to the Liassic species A. cordatus,
of Sowerbj', of which it maybe regarded as a representative. All our specimens
are internal casts.

Locality and position. South west base of Black Hills, associated with the fore-
going species.

Ammonites henryi.

Shell convex lenticular; dorsum narrowly rounded, or subangular ; inner
volutions entirely hidden : umbilicus very small and deep : surface apparently
without nodes or costse.

Septa not very profoundly lobed, rather closely crowded, slightly unsymme-
trical on opposite sides of the shell. Dorsal lobe divided into four principal
branches, the two terminal of which are smaller than the others, and usually
tridigitate at their extremities ; while the two lateral divisions are bipartite,
with more or less sharpely dentate extremities.

The superior lateral lobe is about the size of the dorsal lobe, and irregularly
divided into four nearly equal branches, one of which, on the dorsal side, is
separated from the others by a deeper and broader sinus, than those by which
they are divided; while the other three branches form together a kind of large
tripartite division : each of the four branches is provided at the extremity with

1858.]

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

from three to six sharp digitations. The next succeeding lobe is not more than
one-fourth as large as the superior lateral lobe ; it is, on one side of the shell,
divided nearly to its base, into two equal branches ; while the corresponding lobe
on the other side, is narrower, and rather regularly divided into three short
sharply digitate branches. The remaining lobes are very small, and simply
digitate at their extremities. Greatest diameter 2-14 inches ; transverse diameter
1-33 inches.

This species is remarkably distinct in its internal structure from all the Am-
monites hitherto found in this country. We take pleasure in naming it in honor
of the distinguished philosopher Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution.

Locality and position. Southwest part of Black Hills, lower bed of No. 1, gene-
ral section of Nebraska formations, and of preceding section.

SCAPHITES LARV^FORMIS.

Shell small, ovate, laterally compressed, rounded on the dorsum; body whorl
cylindrical, first extended horizontally from the convoluted inner whorls, then
curving upwards a little, after which it bends backwards upon itself, so as to
bring the aperture almost in contact with the inner coil ; but leaving a free space
within the curve. Inner whorls mostly hidden, forming a small coil at one end
of the shell, and so closely rolled up as to leave but a very small umbilical im-
pression: aperture nearly circular. Surface ornamented by rather small costae
which pass round a little obliquely from the inner side of the whorls, to a point
about halfway across the outsides, where they swell out into small obscure
transversely elongated nodes, and then each branch into two or three smaller
costae, which pass very regularly over the dorsum.

The septa are moderately close, and provided with three lobes on each side,
of which the superior lateral is the largest. The dorsal lobe is still larger,
and provided with two small obscurely bilobate branches on each side. Greatest
length .88 inch.; greatest height -60 inch ; breadth of the body whorl -32 inch.

This species is very closely allied in the structure of its septa to S. hippocrepis,
DeKay, (5'. Cuvieri, Morton, Synop. Org. Remains, pi. vii. fig. 1,) but differs
in the details of its septa lobes, and the body whorl is proportionally much more
slender, more cylindrical, and forms a larger curve ; it also wants the outer row
of round nodes.

Locality and position. — East base of the Black Hills, formation No. 2 of the
general section.

Belemnites denscs.

Shell large and thick, subcylindrical, more or less compressed laterally, so as
to give the cross section a slightly oval outline : lower portion tapering to a
point, sometimes a little oblique, usually more compressed than any part above,
often having a narrow obscure groove on the ventral side, and sometimes a very
slight carina on the dorsal side, near the apex ; the groove being more frequently
present than the carina, and extending further up from the point : surface
smooth.

Alveolus extending about half way down from the summit to the lower ex-
tremity, where it terminates nearly midway between the centre and the ventral
side ; from this point the apical line passes down, gradually approaching the
ventral margin, but curving slighth- so as not to intersect it before reaching the
apex.

Phragmacone conical, very slightly curved, apical angle 20° ; septa rather
closely arranged, about twenty of them occurring in a section one inch in length,
measuring 'I'l inch in diameter at the larger end, and .35 inch at the smaller
end ; siphuncle unknown.

The best specimen we have seen, of the outer horny shell, measures 5 inches
in length, and -90 inches in diameter at the larger end ; the alveolus measures

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 59

about 2.39 inches in length, and .75 inch across the aperture. Some fragments,
in the collection of other individuals, appear to have been at least one third
larger than the specimen from which the above measurements were taken.

This species is closely allied to B. ezceniricus , Blv., and B. panderianus
D'Orbigny, ofthe lower oolite, but appears to be distinct from both.

Locality and position. Southwest base Black Hills. Also east side of same ;
near Bear Peak. Bed A of the section.

We are under many obligations to Prof. Henry for the use of rooms and
books, and also for other facilities at the Smithsonian Institution, while making
the forgoing investigations as well as those of our former papers.

Description of New Species of Coleoptera, chiefly collected by the United States
and Mexican Boundary Commission, under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A.

BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

Galekita Fabr.

G. a tripes, nigra, capite punctato postice oblique rotuudato, thorace elon-

gato, rugose punctulato rufo, lateribus postice late sinuatis, ad basin utrinque

impresso, elytris elongatis oblongo-ovalibus, confertissime rugose punctulatis,

ajqualiter pubescentibus, striis punctulatis. Long. '67.

One specimen in Dr. Berlandiere's Collection, probably found on the Rio
Grande : many others have been recently collected by Dr. W. A. Hammond, at
Fort Riley, in Kansas. This species has the form, size and sculpture of G.
Lecontei, and G. call for nica, but differs by the uniform pubescence of
the elytra, the less sinuate sides of the thorax, and still more by the black
antennae and feet.

Calleida Dej.

C. planulata, nigro-picea, supra cuprascens, thorace latitudine longiore,
parum convexo, canaliculate, lateribus rotundatis, ante medium magis angus-
tato, pone medium parum angustato, utrinque ad basin profunde late foveato ;
elytris interstitiis paulo convexis parce punctulatis, margine virescente ante
medium subimpresso, antennis articulis tribus primis feri-ugineis. Long. •48.

One specimen from Dr. Berlandiere's Collection. The base of the thorax is
broadly subsinuate, and only slightly oblique towards the angles, which thus
become almost rectangular, although the sides of the thorax are not sinuate.

C. cyanoptera, rufa, capite nigro-cyan eo, thorace latitudine fere sesqui
longiore, minus convexo canaliculato, lateribus late rotundatis, pone medium
paulo angustato, et lateribus subsinuato, utrinque profunde impresso ; elytris
la;te cyaneis, tenuissime punctulato-striatis ; abdomine genubusque nigris,
antennis extrorsum nigro-piceis. Long. -32 — '38.

Also from Dr. Berlandiere's Collection. Larger than C. decora; the thorax
is less convex, more broadly rounded on the sides anteriorly, and less narrowed
and sinuate behind the middle. The posterior angles are hardly prominent,
and owing to the obliquity of the base are very obtuse.

Stenomoephus Dej.

S. rufipes, valde elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace latitudine sesqui lon-
giore, postice sensim angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, ad basin utrinqiie
breviter et profunde impresso, elytris profunde striatis, antennis palpis pedi-
busque obscure ferrugineis. Long. -42.

Dr. Berlandiere's Collection.

Harpalus Latr.
H. 1 a e s u s, ovalis supra aeneus, thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore,
lateribus rotundatis, magis versus apicem, postice subangustato et utrinque
vix impresso, angulis posticis obtusis, fortius marginato, margine diaphano :

1858.]

'30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

elytris tenuiter striatis, striis 2nda et 5ta multifoveatis, ad marginem subtiliter
pubescentibus ; palpis pedibusque ferragineis, antennis fascis ad basin femi
gineis. Long. -29 — -SB.

Fort Gates, Texas, and Tampico, Mr. H. Haldeman. Resembles closely H.
stigmosus, Germ., but is a little more elongated ; the tliorax is more strongly
margined, and the posterior angles are much more obtuse ; belongs to the
group Selenophorus Dej.

H. gravis, crassus convexus, capite thoraceque nigro-Eeneis nitidis, hoc
latitudine fere duplo breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis^basi truncata, utrin-
que fovea parva notata, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris virescentibus nitidis,
striis profundis, interstitiis planis, 3io unipunctato, margine corporeque subtus
rufo-piceis, pedibus antennisque ferrugineis. Long. '34.

One male found at San Antonio, Texas, by Mr. Haldeman. Shorter and
stouter than most species of the genus, with the antennae slightly moniliform,
and hardly reaching the base of the thorax ; the labrum is piceous and slightly
emarginate : the emargination of the mentum is nearly square, and the medial
tooth obsolete ; the ligula is dilated and truncate, as in the other species with,
inflated paraglossae.

Stexolophus Dej.

S. flavipes, nigro-piceus nitidus, thorace transverso, lateribus rotundatis,
limbo omni anguste piceo-testaceo, ad basin utrinque late impresso et punctu-
lato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis, eMris thorace latioribus, limbo lateral!
piceo-testaceo, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3io
unipunctato ; pedibus palpisque testaceis, antennis fuscis ad basin testaceis.
Long. -32.

San Diego, California. Resembles S. ochropezus, and belongs to the
same division of the genus, but is much larger, with the thorax more trans-
verse and more rounded on the sides.

S. cincticollis, nigro-piceus nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore,
postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis omnibus rotundatis, limbo
omni testaceo, ad basin rugoso utrinque punctulato vix foveato, elytris cyaneo-
micantibus limbo laterali testaceo, striis profundis postice exaratis, 2nda uni-
punctata, pectoribus medio, pedibus, ore antennisque flavo-testaceis, his extror-
sum fascis. Long. -25.

One male found on the Colorado River, near the Gila. Of the size and form
of S. dissimilis, but of a different color, and with the basal foveae of the
thorax less marked ; the middle tarsi are slightly, the anteriorly broadly
dilated.

Bradtcellus Er.

B. n i t e n s , testaceus nitidissimus, capite infuscato pone oculos punctato,
thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus rotundatis postice paulo angustato, angulis
posticis obtusis vix rotundatis, ad apicem parce ad basin densius punctato et
utrinque profunde impresso, elytris thorace latioribus, infuscatis, basi, sutnra
margineque piceo-testaceis, tenuiter striatis, interstitiis planissimis, 3io uni-
punctato, ad apicem et marginem parce subtiliter punctatis, postpectore abdo-
mineque nigro-piceis, antennis fuscis ad basin testaceis. Long. '20.

San Diego, California, one specimen. Very distinct from all others known
to me excei)t B. longiusculus from Sitkha ; it differs however from that by
its larger size, paler color, and more slender striae.

B. nubifer, rufo-testaceus nitidus, capite saturatiore, thorace latitudine
vix breviore, lateribus rotundatis, postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis
obtusis subrotundatis, ad basin utrinque late foveato et introrsum parce punc-
tato ; elytris elongatis, thorace paulo latioribus striis profundis, interstitiis

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61

paulo convexus, 3io unipunctato, 2 — 4 a medio fere ad apicem nigris ; postpec-
tore abdomineque nigro-piceis, ano rufo-testaceo, anteruiis paulo infuscatis, ad
basin testaceis. Long. -IT.

A very pretty species found by me at San Diego, California, and at Tuvac in
Northern Sonora. The scnteUar stria is merely a basal puncture.

B. ri V a 1 i s , rufo-testaceu3 nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore lateribus
rotundatis, postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis obtusis minima rotundatis,
ad basia utrinque late foveato et subtUius punctato, elytris elongatis thorace
paulo latioribus, striis profundis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3io unipunctato,
Sccpe pone medium utrinque infuscatis ; subtus concolor, antennis fuscis ad
basin testaceis. Long. •12^ — '14.

Colorado Desert, at New River and at the Colorado. Readily distinguished
from the preceding by the uniform color of the under surface, and by the finer
and more numerous punctures of the base of the thorax ; the posterior angles
are also not rounded but almost prominent.

B. ventralis, rufo-testaceus nitidus, capite saturatiore. thorace latitudine
vix breviore, lateribus rotundatis, postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis
obtusis rotundatis, ad basin utrinque late foveato et ad medium punctato,
elytris elongatis thorace paulo latioribus, striis profundis, 2nda unipunctata ;
pectore abdomineque obscuris, antennis vix infuscatis. Long. -17.

One specimen found on the Gila River. Of the same form as B. nubifer,
but distinguished by the finer and more numerous punctures of the base of the
thorax. Both species resemble in form B. rupestris, but differ by the
punctures being accumulated at the inner part of the basal foveas, leaving the
angles smooth, while the latter themselves are more rounded.

Pasimachus Bon.

P. viridans, niger nitidus, thorace limbo laterali et basali laete viridiaeneo,
latitudine breviore, lateribus rotundatis anguste margmatis, postice brevissime
sinuatis, angulis posticis parvis rectis ; elytris planiusculis subovatis, postice
subacutis, seriatim punctulatis (seriebus per paria approximatis), limbo laterali
et basali laete viridi-aeneo, margine ad basin magis reflexo, humeris vix dis-
tinctis, carina humerali brevissima fere nulla ; tarsis posticis tibiis hand lon-
gioribus. Long. 1-08.

One specimen, Sonora, Mr. Schott. A very distinct species, remarkable not
only by its color, but by the almost entire absence of the humeral carina. The
second, third and fourth joints of the antenna; are less compressed than in
P. depressus and validus.

LTMNiEUM Stephens.

L. laticeps, piceum, rufo-tinctum, depressum, capite magno, oculis parvi?
rotundatis hand prominulis, fronte utrinque breviter impressa, thorace capite
haud latiore, trapezoideo, lateribus subrotundatis et subsinuatis, angulis posti-
cis rectis, linea dorsali profunda utrinque abbreviata, ad basin vix foveato :
elytris ellipticis striis extemis obliteratis internis distinctis, 5to et submarginali
postice profundis, dorso bifoveatis, palpis pedibusque testaceis fusco-testaceis.
Long. -14.

One specimen from the seashore at San Diego, California.

QcEorcs Leach.

(i. explanatus, niger parum nitidus, capite subtiliter parce punctulatc
thorace elytris fere latiore, lateribus explanatis ; abdomiue elytrisque pubes-
centibus, his subtiliter dense punctulatis, antennis utrinque attenuatis. Lone
•38— -5.

San Diego, California, under stones. A fine species very different from anv
previously described. It belongs to division (*1) of Erichson.
1858]

62 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

P.SDEEUS Fabr.

P. femoralis, alatus, rufns nitidus, elytris cyaneis grosse punctatis, capite,
abdominis segmentis ultimis duobus, postpectore pedibusque nigris, liis coxis
femorumque dimidio interiore rufis, antennis tenuibus ad basin nifis. Long.
•41.

Two specimens found on the Gila River, below tbe Pima villages, one was
subsequently destroyed, and the other is imperfect. Head black, shining
sparsely punctured, more grossly towards the sides ; before the eyes transversely
impressed. Palpi rufous. Antennae slender, joints 1 — 3 red, third more than
twice as long as the second, and blackish at the tip ; 4th and 5th black, the
others wanting. Thorax oval convex narrowed behind, one fourth narrower
than the head, a little longer than wide, shining red, with a few very small
punctures and erect hairs. Elytra as long as the thorax, cylindrical, bright
blue, grossly and densely punctured ; abdomen smooth, shining red, with the
last two joints black. Beneath red, postpectus blackish. Feet black, with only
the coxse and basal half of the thighs red.

P. u s t u s , alatus rufo-testaceus nitidus, elytris fusco-ferrugineis minus
dense punctatis, abdominis segmento ultimo antennisque piceis, his basi tes-
taceis. Long. '18.

Colorado River, about the junction of the Gila : very abundant in March and
April. Remarkably different from the other species by the color, which is of
an almost uniform yellowish red. Antennae slightly thickened externally,
fuscous with the first four joints mfous. Head with a few large lateral posterior
punctures. Thorax a little longer than wide, hardly narrower than the head,
oval convex slightly narrowed behind, tnincate at base, disc with a few scat-
tered punctures. Elytra convex usually dark ferruginous, sometimes hardly
darker than the rest of the body, as long as the thorax, strongly not densely
punctured. Abdomen very sparsely punctured, last joint piceous.

COLASTUS Er.

C. obliquus, depressus ovalis, niger griseo-pubescens, thorace siibtilius
punctato, antrorsum angustato, margine angusto testaceo postice latiore, elytris
subtilius punctatis, obscure rufo-testaceis, limbo lateral! postice latiore apicali-
que nigris, sutixra paulo infuscata, antennis nigris, pedibus obscure rufis.
Long. •!.

Variat (immaturus), piceo-testaceus, elytrorum disco a humeris ad suturse
apicem pallidiore, versus scutellum infuscato.

Colorado River, California. Of the same size and form as the next species,
from which it differs by the less dense punctuation of the thorax, and by the
lateral black margin of the elytra being gradually broader from the humerus,
and by the base not being niargined with black.

C. limbatus, depressus ovalis, niger griseo-pubescens, thorace confertis-
sime subtilius punctato, antrorsum angustato, margine angusto angulisque
posticis indeterminate testaceis, elytris confertim subtilius punctatis, testaceis
limbo omni a^quali suturaque nigris, abdomine subtilissime punctulato, pedibus
antennisque testaceis, his clava paulo infuscata. Long. •!.

Colorado River, near the Gila.

Carpophilus Leach.

C. discoideus, oblongus fere depressus, piceus nitidus, subtiliter pubes-
cens, thorace brevi, lateribus rotundatis marginatis, subtilius punctato, elytris
thorace duplo longioribus, fortius marginatis, subtilius punctulatis, macula
testacea triangular! postice truncata'antice attenuata iitrinque ornatis ; pedibus
antennisque rufis his clava paulo infuscata. Long. -Od.

One specimen found at the Colorado River, near the Gila. Somewhat allied
toC. marginatus Er,, but larger, more regularly oblong and more flat-
tened.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63

TEMifOCHiLA Westwood.

T. acuta, Isete viridi-aenea, cyaneo-micans, capite antice subtilius, postice
vage grosse punctato, tliorace latitudine haud longiore parcius punctato, lateri-
bus late rotundatis, postice angustato, angulis posticis liaud prominulis, elytris
thorace baud latioribiis, huineris acutis, subrugosis seriatim subtilius puncta-
tis, punctis postice minus profundis. Long. '58.

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Resembles T. chlorodia, but the
thorax is more regularly rounded on the sides, and less suddenly narrowed
behind, and the posterior angles are not at all prominent ; the series of punc-
tures of the elytra are less etfaced towards the tip.

T. aerea, olivaceo-senea, subnitida, capite antice subtilius, postice vage
grosse punctato, thorace latitudine haud longiore, lateribus antice parallelis,
postice oblique angustato, angulis posticis paulo prominulis, elytris thorace
haud latioribus, subtiliter rugosis, subseriatim punctatis, punctis postice paulo
minus profiindis. Long. '58.

One specimen, San Francisco, California. Differs from the other species
known to me by the rounded humeral angles of the elytra, the punctures are
arranged in rows, but as they are all of the same size and not closely placed,
the rows appear somewhat confused.

Anchomma Lee.

A. costatum, elongatum piceum opacum, punctatum, pube pallida rigida
parce vestitum, capite margine late deplanato, utrinque late sulcato, thorace
latitudine longiore lateribus pallidioribus, rectis marginatis, dorso acute bicos-
tato ; elytris margine costisque utrinque tribus acute elevatis, interstitiis bi-
seriatim punctatis ; antennis crassis rufo-piceis, oculis divisis. Long. '13.

One specimen from the sea shore at San Diego, California. This new genus
is closely allied to Corticus and Sarrotrium. Tlie antennae are thick and setose :
the first and second joints are equal, the third is nearly one half longer ; 4 — 10
transverse, 11th narrower subquadrate. The sides of the head are dilated, so
as to divide the eyes into two small linear portions, one superior, the other
inferior. Tlie mentum, palpi, feet and tarsi are as in Corticus. The first three
Joints of the abdomen are equal in length, the fourth is shorter, and the fifth
hardly longer than the fourth.

DiTOMA Latr.

D. sulcata, linearis, obscure ferniginea opaca, capite thoraceque scabris,
parce setulosis, hoc marginato vix serrate, utrinque alte costato, elytris sutura,
margine costisque utrinque quatuor acute elevatis, seriatim setulosis, inter-
stitiis rugosis vix punctatis biseriatim setulosis. Long. "13.

Colorado River, about Fort Yuma.

D. 0 r n a t a , linearis depressa, picea opaca, capite thoraceque fortiter scabro-
punctatis setulosis, hoc lateribus marginatis serratis, angulis anticis parum
prominulis, omnibus rotundatis, utrinque bicostato, elytris sutura margine
costisque quatuor acute elevatis seriatim setulosis, interstitiis biseriatim cri-
bratis et breviter setulosis, macula subbasali alteraque pone medium magnis
rufis utrinque omatis, antennis pedibusque obsciire ferrugineis. Long. •!! — '13.

Found with the preceding. Larger and more depressed than D. q u a d r i-
guttata, with the angles of the thorax more rounded.

Synchita Hellwig.

S. variegata, oblongo-elongata, fusca opaca scabra, albo-setulosa, anten-
nis pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his nigro-tesselatis, margine sutura costisque
quatuor angustis elevatis, interstitiis biseriatim cribratis. Long. -09.

Fort Yuma, Colorado River, California. Body oblong elongate, slightly con-
vex, blackish brown ; head and thorax scabrous, covered with short white hairs,
which are decumbent though rigid. Thorax not wider than long, not narrowed
1858.]

64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

anteriorly, emarginate in front, broadly rounded with a depressed lateral mar-
gin, whicli is partly testaceous, disc witli two faint impressions near the base.
Elytra tesselate with yellow and black ; the spots are usually arranged so as to
form a scutellar triangular spot, two undulating bands, two or three subapical
dots, and the lateral margin black ; the suture, margin and four discoidal
cost® are acutely elevated, and crested with pale decumbent hairs ; intervals
with two rows of quadrate punctures and short decumbent setae ; antennae and
feet pale testaceous.

The sculpture of this species differs from that of the others known to me,
but there are no sulci for the antennae on the under surface of the head, and
the club is solid.

Cktptophagus Herbst.

C. debilis, oblongus parum convexus, testaceus punctatus, dense pubes-
cens, thorace transversim quadrato, lateribus late rotuudatis, medio subtiliter
unidentatis, angulis anticis rotundatis hand dUatatis, elytris versus suturam
substriatis. Long. '07.

One specimen from Santa Isabel. Of the form ofC. cellaris, but smaller,
with the middle tooth of the thorax very faint, and the anterior one entirely
wanting ; the sides are broadly rounded, and behind the tooth may be seen
two or three very faint small teeth.

C. pilosus, oblongus parum convexus, piceus fortiter punctatus, longius
pilosus, thorace transversim quadrato, lateribus late rotundatis, depresso-mar-
ginatis, bidentatis, dente antico distincto, posteriore ad medium sito ; elytris
subseriatim pilosis. Long. -09.

Fort Yuma, California. Also resembles C. cellaris, but is more coarsely
punctured.

MoNOTOMA Herbst.

M. marinum, elongatum subdepressum, fuscum vel fusco-testaceum
opacum, punctatum, breviter parce pallide pubescens, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, postice subangustato, lateribus subtUissime serrulatis, late sinuatis, an-
gulis omnibus rectis, antennis articulo penultimo sequente vix angustiore.
Long. '15.

San Diego, on the sea shore under Fucus giganteus. Although differing from
the previously described species of the genus by the 9th joint of the antennas being
nearly as broad as the tenth, I prefer that this and the following species should
be placed here, rather than that the number of genera should be multiphed on
characters of light weight. From the larger size of the insect, I have been able
to investigate in a satisfactory manner the structure of the tarsi, and find them
to be four-jointed ; the 3rd joint is however quite small, and closely attached
to the fourth. On this account, as well as from the elongation of the fifth
ventral segment, and the apparently close articulation of the anterior segments,
I am disposed to remove Monotonia from the Lathridiidae to the Colydiidae,
where it may form a group similar in value to the five others into which that
family has been divided.

M. rufipenne, elongatum, subdepressum, nigrum subnitidum capite
thoraceque punctatis, breviter pallide pubescentibus, hoc latitudine longiore,
postice subangustato, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, dorso versus basin
vage arcuatim impresso ; elytris thorace baud latioribus, rufis pone medium ni-
gricantibus, striis sex punctulatis, alterisque externis obliteratis, instriis brevis-
sime pilosis ; pedibus antennisque rufis, his articulo 9no decimo vix angustiore.
Long. -09.

San Jose, California, under bark of oak trees. This species is here added
for the sake of illustrating the next, though it does not, so tar I know, inhabit
the region herein reported on. The pygidium as in the next is prominent, but
not 30 large.

[March.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65

M. striatum, elongatiim depref5sttm, rufescens nitidum, capite thoraceque
nigricantibus, illo parce et vage, hoc siibseriatim parce puuctato, latitudine
lougiore, postice subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis subrectis
rotundatis, linea dorsali lata Isvi, postice iitrinque breviter impresso ; elytris
striis sex tenuibus antice punctatis, alterisque externis obliteratis, in striis vix
brevissime pilosis, Isete rufis, margine laterali quadranteque postico nigris.
Long. -07.

Colorado River, at Fort Yuma. The impressions towards the base of the
thorax limit the dorsal smooth space, and are formed by the confluence of three
or four punctures. The j^ygidium is larger and more prominent than in M.
rufipenne, and is nearly horizontal.

Closely allied, and belonging to the same genus is Ehizophagus c a p i t o
Fairemaire, a species found in the Sandwich Islands. On comparison,
however, it is seen that the punctures of the thorax are larger than in M.
striatum, though also unequally distributed in rows ; the pttnctures and striae
of the elytra are deeper, the red portion of the latter extends from the base
for only one third the length, and finally the head thorax and under surface are
black, with only the feet and and antennae red.

Aphodics IlUger.

A. dentiger, obovalis convexiis, ater nitidus, clypeo parce punctato baud
tuberculato, antice declivi, ad apicem linea elevata angulata notato, et sub-
reflexo, dentibus duobus acutis parvis armato ; thorace brevi antrorsum sub-
angustato, angulis omnibus rotundatis, lateribus subrectis, parce punctato, ad
basin subtiliter marginato ; elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis, biseria-
tim parce punctulatis, mesosterno hand carinato ; tibiis anticis valde triden-
tatis, posticis spinulis sequalibus coronatis. Long. '25.

Copper mines of the Gila, Dr. Webb ; one specimen. Very distinct from all
others in my collection by the peculiar construction of the apex of the ch'peus ;
the outline is not emarginate, but the apical jiortion is slightly deflexed and
marked with a transverse elevated angulated line, meeting the margin each
side within the base of a small but acute tooth. The clj^eus is not perceptibly
tuberculate, or I might give the species to the same division with A. u r s i n u s,
a 1 e u t u s and others from Western America ; were it not that the terminal
fringe of the posterior tibije is composed of equal spines it could be placed near
A. bicolor. In A. oblongus may be oV)served two similar teeth at the
anterior part of the clypeus, but there is no intermediate elevated line, and
the base of the thorax is broadly sinuate each side.

A. mil it aris , oblongus ferrugineus, nitidus, clypeo modice punctulato,
antice utrinque parce minus subtiliter granulate, postice obsolete tritubercu-
lato, ad apicem late truncato, acute bidentato, thorace subtilius punctato dis-
tinctius versus latera, transverso, lateribus rotundatis fortius marginatis, ad
basin subtilissime marginato, elytris striis tenuibus punctulatis, interstitiis
planis, dense subtilissime punctiilatis, biseriatim subtiliter punctatis, mesos-
terno baud carinato, tibiis anticis valde tridentatis, posticis spinulis inaequa-
libus coronatis. Long. -2.

San Diego, California. I am inclined to place this in the same division with
the preceding, though the apical fringe of the posterior tibiae is composed of
unequal spines.

EcPARiA Lepell. (emend. Er.)

Eu. cognata, oblonga, nigra, clypeo subemarginato, punctato, antice
rugoso, thorace punctulato et parce punctato, latitudine breviore, lateribus
parallelis, antice j>aulo rotundatis, elytris striis crenatis modice profiindis pos-
tice exaratis, interstitiis antice parum convexis, humeris prominulis. Long.
•17— -23.

Texas and Senora ; Mr. Haldeman and Dr. Webb. Resembles Eu. stereo-
r a 1 0 r , biit the thorax is more transverse, and not at all narrowed towards

1858.]

66 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE ACADEMY OF

the base, but even a little narrowed anteriorly. It more nearly resembles Eu-
strigata, but differs by tbe more strongly punctured head and thorax.

Eu. puncticollis, oblonga ferruginea, nitida, clypeo subemarginato,
antice rugoso, thorace latitudine breviore, confertim punctato, lateribus pa-
raUelis subrectis, angulis omnibus rotundatis, elytris humeris parvis acutis,
striis impunctatis, insterstitiis vix convexis, biseriatim. subtiliter punctulatis.
Long. '4.

A verv distinct species of which but a single specimen was found by Dr.
Webb at El Paso.

PsiLOPTERA Sol. (emend. Lac.)

P. W e b b i i, crassa chalybea, capite thoraceque puuctis viridi-asneis varie-
gatis, hoc injequaliter punctato, ad basin medio late foveato, latitudine fere
duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato lateribus ad medium obtuse angulatis,
dein vix subsinuatis, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striis punctatis, inter-
stitiis spatiis impressis quadi-atis granulatis pubescentibus viridiaureis omatis,
ad apicem oblique paulo truncatis ; subtus dense grosse viridipunctato ; pros-
terno bisulcato. Long. 1-06 — 1*25.

Found at Ures, Sonora, by Dr. Webb. Allied to Dicera Woodhousei Zee,
but it is larger and stouter, and differs not only by the thorax not being dilated
in front of the base, but by the ground color being bluish black, not bronzed, as
well as by the elytra being distinctly and obliquely truncate at tip. The im-
pressed green metallic spots of the elytra vary in number ; in one specimen
they are few, forming irregular narrow fascise, while in another they are con-
fluent, and cover more than half the surface.

P. valens, crassa, chalybea, capite thoraceque punctis viridi-asneis varie-
gatis, hoc insequaliter punctato, ad basin medio late foveato, latitudine fere
triplo breviore, ante basin latiore, lateribus antice valde rotundatis, postice
sinuatis angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis spatiis plu-
rimis quadratis granulatis pubescentibus viridi-seneis impressis, ad apicem
oblique subtruncatis, sutura prominula ; subtus dense grosse viridipunctato,
prostemo bisulcato. Long. -9 — 1-15.

Eagle Pass, Texas; Mr. Schott. Also resembles P. Woodhousei, but
differs by the thorax being shorter, more dilated and more rounded on the
sides ; the ground color, as in P. Webbii is bluish blact.

Chalcophora Sol. (euiend. Lac.)

C. planicosta, senea virescens, subtiliter dense punctulata, thorace trans-
verse, antrorsum angustato transversim constricto et lateribus rotundato, an-
gulis posticis acutis divaricatis, ad basin late trisinuato, dorso plaga elongata
antice abbreviata, callisque versus latera pluribus chalybeis nitidis ; elytris
sutura, lineis tribus integris, cum scutellari humeralique brevibus, pamm
elevatis chalybeis nitidis, costa singula bistriatim punctata, ad apicem sub-
serratis et subbidentatis. Long. 1-05 — 1-13.

San Diego trip. Dr. Webb. The head is finely pubescent ; the anterior
margin of the thorax is densely ciliate with yellowish white hair. The under
surface is finely very densely punctured, finely pubescent, with the middle of
the sterna and the middle posterior margin of the abdominal segments shin-
ing and coarsely punctured. The sterna are each impressed with a short deep
medial furrow : the mesosternum is widely divided.

C. obliterata, senea cuprascens, subtiliter dense rngose-punctulata, capite
lineis nitidis reticulato, thorace transverse, antrorsum angustato, transversim
constricto et lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis acutis divaricatis, ad basin
late bisinuato, costa dorsali antice abbreviata, callisque pluribus laevibus niti-
dis chalybeis, margine basali praecipue ad medium elevato ; elytris sutura
laevigata parce punctata, costis tribus integris humeralique brevi fere obliteratis,

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 67

et tuberculis parum elevatis compositis, postice serratis ad apicem bidentatis .
Long. -77— 1-0.

Dr. Webb. Found witb the preceding, which, it resembles in form and
characters. It is however more slender, the basal margin of the thorax is
more elevated, and the costae of the elytra are hardly to be seen. The sculp-
ture of the under surface is precisely as in L. p 1 a n i c o s t a.

C. caelata, capite seneo punctato, lineis elevatis reticulato, thorace rugis
profundis senescentibus punctatis minus densis insculpto, interstitiis elevatis
politis cyanescentibus, antrorsum angustato, lateribus late rotundato, ad apicem
transversum impresso, ad basin trisinuato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris
punctato-striatis, transversim parce at profunde rugosis, posjice subserratis, ad
apicem truncatis bidentatis ; subtus aeuea pubescens dense punctata, pectore
abdominisque segmentis postice grosse punctatis, nitidis chalybeo-variegatis.
Long. -93.

One specimen found at Tires, Sonora, by Dr. Webb. This has also nearly
the same form and general characters as tlie two preceding, but the sculpture
both above and beneath is much coarser. Tlie tip of the 5th ventral segment
of the abdomen in them is broadly emarginate, with an acute elevated trans-
verse line before the tip ; the lateral angles in one sex project in the form of
teeth, while the outline in the other sex is simply sinuous.

In the present species the line is not so acutely elevated, and beyond the 5tli
joint is seen a short punctured brown appendage, which is prolonged at the
middle into an obtuse process.

The antennal pores in this and in B. s p h e n i c u s Lee. which is strictly con-
generic, are more numerous than in the two preceding, and occupy nearly the
whole of the sides of the outer articulations ; the basal joint of the posterior
tarsi is also but little longer than the second.

Cheysobothkis Esch.

C. gemmata, latiuscula, depressa, capite punctato Isete seneo, chalybeo-
variegato, thorace punctato densius versus latera, subcanaliculato, ad latera
utrinque, et ad apicem oblique impresso, versus basin utrinque late foveato,
his impressionibus omnibus in fundo inauratis ; elytris purpureis, punctatis,
costis antice obliteratis postice autem distinctis, 3ia pone stigma baud extensa ;
fovea basali, stigmate ante medium, alteroque externo pone medium I'eniformi-
bus, tertioque interne triangulari bete inauratis dense punctatis, strigaque
brevi humerali aurea ornatis ; subtus viridiaurea nitida j)unctata, segmentis
abdominis postice, pleurisque chalybeis. Long. "88.

Sonora ; two females collected by Mr. Schott. The sides of the thorax are
in one specimen obliquely truncate at the anterior angles, then oblique and
slightly converging to the base : in the other specimen they are rounded an-
teriorly instead of truncate. The 5th ventral segment is cariuate in the middle,
but the usual lateral tooth is not seen.

C. oc to cola, depressa senea, capite ssepe virescente, dense rugose punc-
tato, thorace dense subtilius punctato, latitudine breviore, lateribus parum
rotundatis, antice oblique subtruncatis, elytris subtilius confertim punctatis,
costis duabus primis integris, 3ia postice, 4ta vero antice abbreviata, fovea
profunda basali, stigmatibusque tribus dense punctatis inauratis ornatis, primo
ante medium in costara 2ndam, 2ndo pone medium in costam 3iam sajpe reni-
formi, tertio triangulari inter costas Imam et 2ndam ; subtus senea punctata.
Long. -45 — '65.

Found in Texas, by Messrs. Haldeman, Schott, and Weise ; in Sonora by
Mr. Schott, and on the Colorado River near the Gila by myself. Varies much
in size and form. The anterior and middle tibiae of the male are much curved,
but slender and armed internally with only a few veiy small teeth. This
species lives on the various species of Mezquite. The 5th ventral segment of
the female, as usual, is finely carinate in the middle, with the lateral teeth
distinct.

1858.]

63 PROCEEDINGS OF TITE ACADEM? OF

C. basalis, longiuscula depressa, senea, capite virescente, densissime ru-
gose pimctato, thorace subtilius dense punctato, parcius autem in disco, linea
dorsali indistincta subljevi, latitudine breviore, lateribus obliqiiis antice oblique
truncatis, callo ansrusto basali utrinque notato, elytris subtilius punctatis,
costa 3ia postice abbreviata, fovea profunda basali stigmatibusque tribus sicut
in priore positis subauratis, subtus aenea punctata. Long. -7.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Scbott. Resembles the preceding, but is
longer and less densely punctured. Tbe impressed spots of the elytra are
similar, but less brightly colored. The sexual characters are quite distinct ;
the anterior and middle tarsi of the male are thicker, much curved and armed
with several distinct teeth internally ; on the anterior tibiae these teeth are
placed from the middle to the tip, but on the middle tibiae they are all within
the limits of the middle third. The female has the same sexual characters as
in C. octocola.

C. exes a, latiuscula, aenea, capite dense punctato, multicalloso, thorace
latitudine breviore, lateribus obliquis antice oblique truncatis, inaequali valde
punctato, partibus elevatis fere laevibus nigricantibus ; elytris postice fortius
serratis, dense minus subtiliter punctatis, costa Ima Integra, reliquis inter-
ruptis, partibus elevatis laevibus nigricantibus, stigmatibus duabus magnis
transversis trilobatis subauratis. Long. '36 — '42.

A female found by me on the Colorado, and another by Mr. Schott in Sonera.
Evidently related toC. scabripennis Lap. {Bup. trinervia Kirby) ; it is
however much more uneven and more strongly punctured. The complete
breaking np of the second and third of the elevated lines of the elytra does not
take place in any other species known to me ; the punctures beneath are large ;
the fifth ventral segment has a smooth medial space, but is not carinate : the
lateral tooth is very distinct.

POLYCESTA Esch.

P. el at a, nigro-aenea, fronte concava, thorace inaequaliter punctato, callo
utrinque ad apicem Isevi notato, medio late sulcato, in medio ipso tenuiter
carinato, et postice subtiliter canaliculato, utrinque ad basin late excavato,
antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus pone medium angulatis, elytris postice
oblique angustatis, seriatim clathratis, dense punctatis, interstitiis alternis
elevatis, sutura antice, 3ia et 5ta valde elevatis laevibus. Long. -93.

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Resembles P. californica Lee.
Pac. R. R. Expl. vol. 9 (insects), 45, but is larger: the posterior angles of the
thorax are less obtuse, and the medial excavation is carinated ; the suture of
the elytra is elevated towards the base.

There are now known to me five species of Polycesta found within the limits
of the United States : they may be thus distinguished.

A. Prothorax with three large excavations ; elytra strongly costate.

* Front deeply concave.

1. Elytra moderately clathrate ; interstices (except the smooth costae)
densely punctured, P. e 1 a t a Leo.

2. Elytra coarsely clathrate ; interstices (except the smooth costae) sparsely
punctured, P. cava t a Lee.

* * Front slightly concave.

3. Elytra moderately clathrate ; interstices (except the smooth costae)
densely punctured, P. californica Lee.

B. Thorax excavated only at the middle.

4. Medial excavation distinct ; elytra variolate in rows, 3rd intei-stice wider
and more elevated towards the base ; obtusely rounded behind,

P. 0 b t u s a Lee.

5. Medial excavation weak ; elytra coarsely punctate-striate ; interstices
sparsely punctured, alternately a little more elevated,

P. velasco Lap.

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69

P. cavata is a small species (-7 inch long) found in Alabama by Jlr. Hentz
and given me by Prof. Haldeman.

P. obtusa is a still smaller species ('48 inch long), found near Philadelphia
and given me by Mr. Newman. The sides of the thorax are strongly angulated,
and the elytra are not attenuated, but are parallel on the sides, and obtusely
rounded behind.

ACM^ODEKA Esch.

A. s e mi V i 1 1 a t a, aeneo-nigra nitida, pube erecta hispida, fronte canalicu-
lata, thorace dense punctato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis flavo-
marginatis, profunde oblique et in medio late triangulariter excavato, canalicu-
lato ; elytris vittis duabus, lineisque reticulatis liavis panels pone medium,
maculis nigris includentibus ornatis, punotato-striatis, striis postice impressis,
interstitiis uniseriatim punctatis. Long. "34 — -45.

Eagle Pass, Texas, Mr. Schott. The yellow lines vary in width, so that the
included spots are more or less numerous, but the extreme tip is always black.
The spots are usually placed ; two transverse ones on the suture, and five on
the margin ; of the vittae, one is marginal, and the other dorsal, somewhat
nearer the suture than the margin. The form of body is like that of A. p ul-
c h e 1 1 a .

A. haemorrhoa, elongata, cuneiformis, nigro-aenea nitida, pube erecta
hispida, capite canaliculato, thoraceque dense panctatis hoc lateribus antice
rotundatis, antrorsum valde angustato, puncto lateral! flavo ornato, ad latera
oblique, et medio triangulariter valde profunde excavato et canaliculato ; el^-tris
violaceo-nigris, humeris prominulis punctis fla%^is plurimis confluentibus orna-
tis, ad apicem minio marginatis ; punctato-striatis, interstitiis uniseriatim
punctatis. Long. •4 — •45.

Laredo to Ringgold Bari'acks, Mr. Schott. Resembles the figure of A. s t e 1 -
laris Chevr. (Col. Mex. 2nd cent. 89), as given in the monograph of Messrs.
Gory and Laporte, but the apical red margin of the elytra is not mentioned.

A. g i b b u 1 a , nigro-aenea, supra pilis pallidis jjarce vestita, thorace confer-
tim punctato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus parum i-otundatis, medio trian-
gulariter excavato, versus basin utrinque late et profunde foveato ; elytris
cyaneo-nigris, humeris valde callosis, maculis pluribus magnis liavis ornatis,
posticis versus latera rufo-tinctis ; fortiter punctato-striatis, striis postice exa-
ratis, Imo antice fere obliterata, interstitiis subtiliter uniseriatim punctulatis ;
subtus ad latera valde albo-pilosa. Long. '5.

Found by Dr. Webb on the journey from San Diego to El Paso. The elytra
of the male are gradually narrowed behind, and sinuate on the sides ; those of
the female are subparallel, and very slightly sinuate, obliquely narrowed at
the apex : the discoidal spots are from five to seven in number, and form a
series on the 3d, 4th, and 5th interstices, some of them being wider and some
narrower ; the other spots are placed,^ a humeral dot, three marginal spots
occujjying two intervals, and finally three spots on the thii'd interval from the
margin ; of these last the two posterior are tinged with red.

A. opacula, cuneiformis, supra nigra opaca, pilis erectis hispida, thorace
brevi, dense punctato, antrorsum angustafo, lateribus fortiter marginatis ro-
tundatis flavis, margine nigro ; ad medium late et profunde triangulariter
excavato versus latera oblique impresso ; elytris humeris callosis, maculis
pluribus flavis, posticis rufo-tinctis, ornatis, ad apicem acutius attenuatis, striis
fortiter punctatis, interstitiis angustis uniseriatim punctatis ; subtus nigro-
ajnea, parce pubescens. Long. -42.

One specimen El Paso, Mr. Clark. The strongly margined sides of the thorax
will readily distinguish this species ; the spaces between the rows of punctures
of the elytra are hardly greater than the distances between the punctures in
the rows ; the spots are a marginal elongate one near the humerus, another
larger marginal about the; middle which includes a black spot ; a basal dot on
the third interval two spots before the middle extending from the second to

1858.]

70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

the fifth stria, tlien two smaller ones, the position of which is nearer the suture,
finally two transverse oblique ones reaching the margin, and a subapical dot.

A. conata, valde clongata, cuneiformis, nigra supra pilis longis lanugi-
nosis albis parce vestita, capite thoraceque grosse punctatis, hoc antrorsum vix
angustato lateribus parum rotundatis, dorso triangulariter, ad basin utrinque
suboblique excavato, elytris a basi sensim, postice autem magis oblique atten-
uatis, punctis paucis parvis flavis ornatis, seriatim crenatis, interstitiis 3io
Stoque totis, 7mo versus basin elevatis nitidis : subtus praecipue versus latera
longe albo-pubescens. Long. '38.

One specimen found by me on the Colorado River, below the Gila.

Agkilus Esch.

A. muticus, obscure cyaneus opacus, subtiliter dense punctulatus, capite
canaliculate, thorace latitudine hand breviore, lateribus rectis, rugoso, postice
profunde caualiculato. lateribus ad medium late impressis, angulis posticis
rectis extrorsum paulo vergeutibus, carina basali utrinque parum elevata,
margine laterali duplici, elytris lateribus parum sinuatis, postice oblique an-
gustatis, ad apicem rotundatis haud serratis. Long. -SS.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman.

A. macer, valde elongatus, cupreo-seneus, capite caualiculato, thorace
transversim rugoso, autrorsum latiore, latitudine sesqui breviore, medio postice
late excavato, lateribus oblique profunde impressis, ad basin utriuque carina
acuta' munito, margine laterali superiore distincto, inferiore fere obliterato ;
elytris lateribus subsinuatis, postice oblique attenuatis, ad apicem serratis
acuminatis, coufertim subscabro-punctatis, costa a humero ad apicem modice
elevata. Long. -SS.

Eagle Pass, Texas ; Mr. Schott.

ScHizoPcrs Lee.

Antennae, ll-articulatse, articulis 5 — 10 latioribus triangularibus, llmo
ovata ; clypeus minutus in fronte emarginata receptus, labrum maiusculum
antice subemarginatum, mandibulaj emarginatfe. Mentum trapezoideum trans-
versum (ligula invisa palpis deficientibus) ; palpi maxillares breves cyliudrici,
articulis subsequalibus : oculi mediocres ovales. Coxre anticse niagnse trans-
versae quadratce receptse ; mediae eis approximatae maiusculse distantes ; tarsi
tibiis breviores, articulis 1 — 3 subtus breviter, 4to autem longe bilobatis,
ultimo prfficedentes tres longitudine aequante. unguibus ad apicem fissis. Ab-
domen articulis duobus primis arete connatis, 5to emarginato, 6to prominulo
valde emarginato.

A remarkable genus, which by its form and color recalls certain Gallerucites
of the family Chrysomelinae, while the structure of the abdomen is equally
suggestive of Psephenus. It seems by its general characters to belong properly
among the Atopidae ; in which family, however, all the genera thus far de-
scribed have but five ventral abdominal segments. The head is small ; the
thorax is gradually narrowed in front, closely applied to the elytra, and
slightly sinuate at base. The scutel is trilobed, with the middle lobe produced
into a point. The elytra are wider than the thorax, oblong, rounded at the
tip, coarsely bixt densely punctured. Tlae legs are moderate ; the anterior
tibiae are terminated by very short spurs, but I can see none on the middle or
posterior tibiae. Tlae anterior coxae are large, leaving only a very short pros-
ternum, which extends between them, and abuts against the declivous raesos-
ternum ; the metasternum is short and flat, forming an angle with the mesos-
ternum, which widely separates the middle coxae ; the parapleurte are flat,
broad, and project in front ; the posterior coxse are suddenly dilated inter-
nally, truncate at tip, with the inner margin oblique ; their anterior margin
is cui'ved, with the concavity forwards, and the mesosternum is sculptured
with a line parallel to this margin. The joints of the abdomen are nearly

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 71

<^(i(ual in length, but the 3rd and 5th are a little shorter ; the 6th is deeply
cleft, very small, and only visible within the emargination of the fifth.

S. 1 a e 1 11 s , oblongus, viridireneus, subtiliter albo-pubescens, capite, tho-
raceque confertissime scabro-punctatis, hoc convexo canaliculate, latitudine
duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus late rotundatis et late prnecipue
postice subdepressis, elytris Isete sanguineo-rufis, confertim minus subtiliter
rugose punctatis, et subtilius parce punctatis, sutura viridijenea ; tibiis tar-
sisque testaceis, antennis fuscis ad basin testaceis, articulo Imo viridiaeneo.
Long. -55.

CHAULioGNATurs Hentz.

C. profundus, fulvus tenuiter pubescens, opacus, capite nigro, thoracero-
tundato, subtransverso, disco insequali margine laterali late et valde reflexo,
ad apicem paulo concavo, ad basin tenuiter marginato, punctis dorso tribus
nigris notato : elytris pone medium ad apicem nigris, ano nigro, abdomine
postice supra et subtus biseriatim nigro maculate ; antennis nigris extrorsum
testaceis, pedibus nigris, femoribus dimidio basali fulvis. Long. -05.

One specimen, Sonora, Mr. Schott. The three black spots of the thorax are
in a transverse line behind the middle. The black of the elytra occupies about
two-fifths of the surface.

C. limbicollis, nigro pubescens opacus, thorace transverse, subquadrato,
angulis valde rotundatis, planiuscule, margine omni sequaliter anguste reflexo
flavo, elytris flavis macula communi triangulari basali, apiceque late nigjis,
abdomine flavo, ano nigricante, tibiis tarsisque anticis piceo-testaceis. Long.
•47.

One specimen, Sonora, Mr. Schott. At first sight resembles C. scutellaris,
but is very diflerent. The posterior spot of the elytra covers more than one-
third the surface.

Dasytes Fabr.

D. rufipennis, elongato-oblongus, niger punctatus, cinereo-pubescens,
thorace transverse lateribus rotundatis hand serratis, elytris densius punctatis
rufis, pedibus rufis, tibiis anticis extrorsum spinulosis, unguiculis omnibus
valde appendiculatis ; antennis nigris, articulis a 5to sensim maioribus trian-
gularibus. Long. "24.

One specimen found in Sonora by Mr. Schott.

Cymatodera Gray.

C. morosa, piceo-nigra nitida, pubescens, capite theraceque confertim
punctatis, hoc latitudine sesqui longiore, antice paulo, postice magis constricto,
ad medium parum baud subito dilatate, lateribus inde late bisinuatis, elytris
thorace sesqui latioribus, planiusculis, subparallelis, humeris prominulis.
punctis quadratis striatis, striis prsecipue intcrnis postice ebliteratis, ad apicem
dense subtiliter punctulatis ; antennis elongatis subserratis articulo ultimo vix
longiore. Long. '53.

Sonera, Mr. Schott, one specimen. Quite distinct from all the other species
known to me by the characters above given, but yet more nearly allied to C.
inornata than to any other.

C. u s t a , piceo-ferruginea, pubescens, nitida, capite theraceque subtiliter
punctulatis, hoc latitudine fere sesqui longiore, antice vix, postice vero pro-
funde constricto, lateribus medio retundatim paulo dilatatis, elytris thorace
plus sesqui latioribus, oblongis dorso planiusculis, punctis mediecribus striatis,
postice sensim mijioribvis, et ante apicem obliteratis, interstitiis omnine planis,
parce subtiliter punctulatis, antennis subserratis, articulo ultimo paulo lon-
giore acuminate. Long. "38.

Dr. Berlandiire's Collection, one specimen. This species is also sufficiently
distinct from all others in my cabinet, and probably from any of those de-
1858.]

72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

scribed by Mr. Spinola in his beautifal monograpb of Cleridae. It is however,
much to be regretted that his descriptions are drawn np in such a manner as
to render it extremely difficult to recognize the species ; the present does not
agree with any of the figures in his work,

Trichodes Herbst.

T. tenellus, elongatus, cyaneus, pilis albis erectis pilosus, capite thorace-
que punctulatLs, elytris linearibus, annulo humerali ramum suturalem dilatatum
postice emittente, fascia ad medium introrsum oblique descendente, alteraque
postica, ascendente flavis, grossius subseriatim punctatis. Long. -22 — -27.

Fort Yuma, California. At first sight this might be considered a variety of
T. 0 r n a t u s , but the smaller size, the more slender form and the much
coarser and more regular punctuation of the elytra induce me to regard it as
distinct. The markings are as in that species, except that the middle band of
the elytra is more oblique : no variety in the markings was observed.

Cleeus Geoffr.

C. affiliatus, obscure rufus, albo-pubescens, thorace dense punctulato,
latitudine hand breviore, antrorsum angulatim impresso, elytris densisstme
punctatis, versus basin fere scabris, fascia alba lata ad medium nigro-margi-
nata ad suturam anguste interrupta, alteraque postica angusta cinereo-pubes-
cente ad apicem nigricantibus ; pedibus antennisque nigris, his ad basin rufis.
Long. '38 — "5.

Texas, at Eagle Pass and Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. Resembles in color
C. 4-signatus, but the elytra are much more densely punctured and with-
out lustre. The posterior band is only a little paler than the ground color,
and is only rendered obvious by the cinereous hair with which it is clotted :
the space between the fasciae is partly dark rufous, while in C. 4-signatus it is
entirely black.

C. latecinctus, rufus albo-pubescens, thorace subtiliter punctato, latitu-
dine paulo breviore, antice angulatim impresso, elytris confertim aequaliter
minus subtiliter punctatis, fascia lata media pallida ornatis, apice pallidiore
late cinereo-pubescente, apice summo infuscato, spatio intermedio plus mi-
nusve rufo-tincto. Long. -3 — -38.

Colorado River and Sonora. Resembles somewhat C. ichneumoneus,
but the thorax is not so convex, and the other characters are also difiierent.
Even in the darkest specimens the feet are rufous, but in one the abdomen is
marked with two rows of black spots.

C. abruptus, brevior rufus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace confertissime
punctulato, latitudine hand longiore, antrorsum angulatim impresso, elytris
convexis, confertim postice subtilius punctulatis, nigris macula basali, fascia
lata paulo lunata Integra ad medium albidis, apice late cmereo-pubescente.
postpectore abdomineque nigris, pedibus rufis. Long. "3.

One specimen found at Eagle Pass by Mr. Schott. Must be placed near C.
4-3 i g n a t u s , though very different from that as from every other species
known to me.

DoKCATOMA Herbst.

D. grave, ovale convexum, antice obtuse acuminatum, fusco-testacum
dense subhelvo-pubescens, subtilissime punctulatum, elytris parce punctatis,
striis externis duabus postice profundis antice obliteratis ; antennis flavis,
articulo Imo testaceo, ultimis tribus latitudine longioribus. Long. •!! — -14.

Middle and Southern States, as far as Texas. I have adopted a manuscript
name proposed hy Dr. Melsheimer.

D. pusillum, rotundato-ovale, convexum antice obtuse acuminatum,
fusco-testaceum dense helvo-pubescens, subtilissime punctulatum, elytris
parce punctatis, strus externis duabus pone medium impressis, antice oblite-

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 73

ratis ; antennis flavis articulis tribus ultimis latitudine vix longioribiis. Long.
•07— -08.

Fort Yuma, California. Resembles in color and sculpture D. grave, but
is smaller and broader ; the two outer strise of the elytra are shorter and not
so deep.

Anobiitm Fabr.

A. setiferum, oblongo-elongatum, fuscum sordide pubescens, et pilis
lougioribus parcis erectis vestitum, thorace rotundato convexo, medio elevato
fere gibbo, antice late emarginato, granulis parvis nitidis obsito, elytris grosse
seriatim punctatis, punctis hie inde subconfusis, antennarum articalis 2-8
aequalibus, latitudine haud brevioribus, discretis, 9 — 11 elongatis, singulis
funiculo haud brevioribus. Long. '15.

One specimen from San Diego, California.

Ptilinus Geoflfroy.

P. basalis, cylindricus, fuscus opacus, subsericeo-pubescens, thorace glo-
boso punctulato, antice parce exasperato, spatio dorsali postico Isevi nitido,
elj^tris modice at haud profunde punctatis ; antennis pallioribus. Long. "15
—•23.

Several females found at San Diego, California. This species is of the same
form as P. bi color J/e?s. (which is probably the female of P. ruficornis
Say,) but it differs in the feet being of the same color as the body, while the
antennae are not very obviously paler ; the more distinct posterior smooth
dorsal space of the thorax, and the stronscer punctures of the elytra also serve
to distinguish it. P. thoracicus (Tomicus thoracicin Randall) has the
thorax more uniformly roughened and sparsely granulate, while the dorsal
space is distinctly elevated, and the antenna; are black.

Apate Fabr.

A. punctipennis, cylindrica, atra, capite opaco scabro, f route trans ver-
sim elevato, vertice nitido paulo concavo, thorace opaco, quadrato-globoso,
antice valde exasperato, in cornubus duobus ad apicem protenso, postice sen-
sim grauulato et punctato, elytris nitidis fortiter punctatis, punctis versus
latera seriatis, stria suturali impressa, postice oblique declivibus, margine
calUsque utrinque oblongis duobus elevatis. Long. '46 — '53.

Mexico, Sonora, Texas and California. The antennae are not longer than the
head.

SiNOXYLON Redt.

S. sericans, cylindricum nigro-piceum, thorace transversim subquadrato,
convexo, antice rotundato et valde exasperato, dein sensim granulato et
punctulato, elytris tenuiter sericeo-fulvo-pubescens, antice versus suturam
seriatim modice punctatis, postice oblique decUvibus, margine callisque duobus
oblongis utrinque elevatis, superiore altiore ; antennis pedibusque obscure
rufis. Long, -l? — "25.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas, Mr. Haldeman.

S. a s p e r u m , cylindricum, nigrum, thorace transversim subquadrato, con-
vexo, antice rotundato et valde exasperato, dein sensim granulato et punctulato,
elytris subtiliter fulvo-pubescentibus, antice versiis suturam grosse subconflia-
enter punctatis, postice oblique dechvibus, margine callisque duobus utrinque
elevatis, superiore valde prominulo, antennis rufis. Long. -25.

Colorado Desert, at New River. This species is of the same size and form
as the preceding, but differs by the much larger punctures of the elytra : the
posterior declivity is more sudden, and the upper callus more prominent. The
feet are black, with the anterior femora and coxae partly red.

S. sextuberculatum, cylindricum, nigrum, thorace transversim sub-
quadrato convexo, antice rotundato et valde asperato, dein sensim granulato
1858.]

74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

et punctulato, elytris subtiliter pubescentibus snbseriatiin fortiter punctatis,
humeris lineisque versus basin Isevibus, antice rufescentibus, postice baud
punctatis oblique declivibus, margine tuberculisque utrinque tribus acutis
elevatis, superiore minore, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. '14 — '15.
Colorado Desert. Abundant.

Exops Curtis.

E. e X e s u s , ater, capite confertissime granulato, tborace latitudine baud
breviore convexo, postice parum angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis omnibus
rotundatis, granulato-punctato, modice canaliculate, elytris tborace sesqiii
latioribus, cylindricis antice truncatis, fortiter cribratim postice confluenter
punctatis et sensim granulatis, postice oblique declivibus et linea elevata arcu-
ata notatis, antennis ferrugineis. Long. '47.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Tbe posterior curved elevated
line of the elytra becomes marginal near the apex, but anteriorly bends in-
wards so as to define the oblique declivity. This curious species is the transi-
tion form from Exops towards Apate and allied genera.

Lyctus Fabr.

L. planicollis, ater subtilius pubescens, tborace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, lateribus rectis seri'ulatis, angulis anticis rotundatis, postice subangu sta-
to, confertim punctate, dorso late canaliculato, elytris punctulatis et seriatim
brevissime puberulis. Long. 17 — "25.

Colorado River near the Gila. Differs from L. striatus by the broader,
flatter and less deeply excavated thorax, and by the much finer pubescence.

Pelecyphorus Sol.

P. morbillosus, ater opacus, tborace latitudine sublongiore, lateribus
late rotundatis serratis, postice subangulato, angulis basi rectis, varioloso,
versus latera late subdepresso et plicate, elytris tborace duple latioribus ro-
tundato-ovalibus, postice valde declivibus et subacutis, ad basin truncatis,
humeris dentiformibus, margine costisque utrinque duabus (interna tenuiore)
elevatis plicis transversis irregularibus connexis, epipleuris sublaevibus. Long.
•7.5.

One specimen, Sonera, Mr. Scbett. This species has nearly the form of P.
carinatus, but diflFers much in its sculpture.

Helops Fabr.

H. f a r c t a , ovalis convexa, Eeneo-nigra nitida, capite thoraceque dense forti-
ter punctatis, hoc ad latera aciculato, latitudine plus sesqui breviore, antror-
sum parum angustato, et lateribus late retundato, angulis anticis acutis, ad
basin subsinuato, angulis posticis rectis, elytris tborace parum latioribus striis
valde profunde exaratis, interstitiis convexis. Long. -25 — -33.

New Braunfels, Texas ; Mr. Lindlieimer. The elytra of the female are
broader and more inflated than those of the male, but in the latter the first
three joints of the anterior and middle tarsi are dilated.

Dacodekus Lee.

Caput quadratnm, postice in cello tenui constrictum ; mentum trapezoideum
concavum, fissura buccalis nulla ; palpi brevissimi tenues ; (maxillae obtectae,
invisae, ) gense prominulae acutse, mandibulpe parvae. baud prominulae ; labrum
ininutissimum. Antennae remotae, in fovea profunda sub tuberculo laterali
insertae, 10-articulatae crassae, articubs rotundatis aequalibus, 9no et lOme paulo
majoribus subtruncatis. Oculi in capitis latera postice siti, lengitudinales
ovales, prominuli. Thorax trapezeideus elongatus, medio transversim valde
excavatus, tuberculo retundato utrinque in lateribus munitus : elytra plana,
elongata ovalia, ad basin emarginata, stria suturali profunda, epipleuris angus-
tis. Pedes debiles, tarsi anteriores articulis 1 — 4 brevibus subaequalibus, 5to
longiore, postici articulis 1 — 3 paulo elongatis aequalibus, 4to paulo longiore.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 75

Coxae anticffi parvse prominiilse acetabulis confluentibus, intermedije approxi-
rnatse, posticae parvse modice distantes. Abdomen articulo Imo elongato,
sequentibus sensim minoribus.

A remarkable genus, which at first sight is suggestive of Rhysodes, and seems
to have no relation to any genus of Tenebrionidae, although projierly belonging
to that family. I have placed it near Cononotus, in which also the anterior
coxae become contiguous by the confluence of the acetabula : there is however
no other point of resemblance.

D. striaticeps, castaneus nitidus, capite thoraceque supra et subtus pro-
funde striatis, fronte arcuatim excavata, et ad apicem foveata, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, postice paulo angustato, angulis anticis valde rotundatis, posti-
cis subrectis rotundatis, dorso canaliculate, ad medium transvcrsim maxime
excavato, et tuberculo rotundato hand prominulo in latere ipso munito, (qua-
propter latus biincisiim apparet) ; elytra plana elongato-ovalia, thorace paulo
iatiora, ad basin emarginata, profunde minus dense punctata, stria suturali
exarata, abdomine parce profunde punctate. Long. 'IS.

Fort Yuma, California, under bark of cottonwood ; very rare.

Opatrinus Latr.

0. aciculatus, oblongo-ovalis, parum convexus, niger opacus, brevissime
parce pubescens, thorace sequaliter confertissime aciculato, lateribus antice
rotundatis, postice subparallelis, late depresso-reflexis, margine incrassato,
elytris fortiter striato-crenatis, (punctis interstitiis parum angustioribus), his
parce punctulatis ; prothorace subtus profunde sulcato-punctato, parapleuris
grosse punctatis, abdomine modice punctato. Long. "4.

Texas, Mr. Lindheimer ; two females. Seems to differ both from 0. anthra-
c i n u s and m o e s t u s Muls. (Opusc. Entom. No. 5, p. 79, 82) by the thorax
being densely aciculate, with the sides strongly depressed and somewhat re-
flexed. From 0. n o t u s it is at once known by the more strongly striate elytra
and by the very deep grooves of the under surface of the prothorax.

Glyptotus Lee.

Mentum triangulare, angulis anticis acutis, medio valde elevatum et antice
acuminatum. Antennae tenues, extrorsum sensim incrassatae. Caput pone
oculo superne utrinque sulco maxime profundo insculptum. Pedes tenues,
femoribus baud clavatis, tibiis hand sulcatis, tarsis tibiis brevioribus subtus
aureo-pilosis, posticis articulo 4to reliquis conjunctis baud breviore. Corpus
alatum,

A genus closely allied to Upis, but of a more robust form, and differing by
the shorter legs and posterior tarsi, and by the non-clavate femora. It ap-
proaches most nearly to a genus (probably nondescript) i-epresented by Tene-
brio femoratus Beativ. {Upis fulvipes Herbst), but that species has the
mentum much less elevated, and the antennae more thickened externally so
that the penultimate joints become transverse ; the jwstocular groove in it is
reduced to a short line or oblong fovea.

G. cribratus, niger siabopacus. capite fere laevi, inter oculos transversim
late impresso, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis deflexis,
posticis subrectis, elytris thorace latioribus, oblongis convexis, humeris obliquis
prominulis, punctis oblongis remotis seriebus 8 utrinque positis, interstitiis vix
obsoletissime punctulatis. Long. -45 — '6.

Georgia and Texas. Besides the eight rows of large remote punctures, there
is a marginal series and a short scutellar one. The body beneath is almost
free from punctures. The sides of the thorax converge a little behind the
middle, and are almost straight to the posterior angles, where they are bent a
little inwards.

MoKDELLA Linn.

M. com at a, longiuscula, transversim convexa, nigra densissime longius

1858.J

76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

flavescenti-cinereo-pubescens, elytris parallelis postice obtusis, stylo anali
mediocri, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -19.

One specimen, Fort Yuma, California. No other species in my collection re-
sembles this in color and pubescence.

M. vilis, elongata sublinearis, nigra tenuiter griseo-pubescens, thorace
parce subtilissime, elytris densius punctulato-strigosis ; stylo anali longo,
thorace basi utrinque late sinuato. Long. '10 — '12.

San Diego, California. This species has the form of M. nigricans Mels.,
but it is more finely pubescent, and the basal lobe of the thorax is less pro-
miiient.

M, n u b i 1 a , elongata linearis, flavo-fen-uginea, dense luteo-pubescens sub-
sericea, thorace latitudine haud breviore, ad basin utrinque modice sinuato,
disco postice paulo obscuriore, elytris sutura anguste, lateribusque prope
medium paulo infuscatis ; stylo anali longo, parapleuris tarsisque posticis in-
fuscatis. Long. *15.

One specimen, San Diego, California.

AxASPis Latr.

A. pusio, elongato-ovalis, tota testacea concolor, dense fulvo-pubescene,
sericea, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore ad basin late sinuato. Long. -OS.

One female, Fort Yuma, California. More robust than the other species
known to me, but especially distinguished by its small size.

A. 1 a e t u 1 a , elongata, flava, elytris macula communi scutellari, fascia lata
postice obliqua suturam haud attingente ad medium, alteraque Integra ante
apicem nigris. Long. *12.

Texas, Mr. Clark : one male. The fifth ventral segment is broadly emargi-
nate, the anal segment has two long processes gradually dilated, and obliquely
subtruncate at th^ extremity. This species is allied to A. trifasciata, but
the markings are diflerent.

Another species of Anaspis was found at Frontera by Mr. Clark, but it seems
closely allied to others in my collection, and I have not yet fully made out its
characters ; I therefore prefer for the present not to suggest a name.

Lytta Linn.

L. melaena, elongata, nigra, nitida, capite parce punctato, oblongo, gutta
verticali obsoleta testacea, angulis posticis rotundatis, thorace parce punctato,
oblongo, latitudine longiore, antice rotundato, elytris confertim intricato-rugosis,
ad basin sublsevibus ; tibiis posticis calcari externo crasso oblique truncato,
concavo ; antennis extrorsum uicrassatis, articuUs globosis, ultimo vix longiore
acuminato. Long. -65 — -8.

Sonora, Mr. Schott. Resembles in form L. nitidicollis, but differs by
the color, by the finer sculpture of the elytra, and by the shorter and stouter
antennae. These in the male are as long as the head and thorax, with the 5th
and 6th joints broader than the followkig ; in the female they are a little
shorter and uniformly thickened.

Phodaga Lee.

Oculi ovales integerrimi, longitudinales ; antennae inter oculos insertae, breves
filiformes, compressae, versus apicem attenuatce, 11-articulatae, articulis haud
laxe articulatis, Imo crasso obconico, 2ndo parvo sequente triplo breviore.
Tarsi compressi spinulosi, subtus haud pubescentes ; ungues fissi, parte infe-
riore breviore. Corpus alatum.

This genus bears a very close relation to Lytta, and has very nearly the out-
line of certain species (e. g. L. lemniscata) of that genus, except that the head
is very much elevated, so that the vertex becomes conical, somewhat as in
Rhipiphoms ; the eyes, moreover, instead of being transverse and emarginate
as in. all Lyttae, are longitudinal and oval ; the antennae are inserted between

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 77

the eyes, and the front is therefore narrowed at that point. Tlie mouth is a
littleniore elongated, but I observe no character worthy of mention in the oral
orc^ans ; the labrum is rounded in front. The antennse are nearly as in L.
lemniscata, but shorter, and with the joints less loosely articulated. The spurs
of the posterior tibiae are equal and slender ; the ungues are double, but the
inferior part is about one-third shorter than the upper, and is soldered to it, so
as to form a large tooth, which does not descend abruptly as in Lytta erosa,
but is rather as in L. elegans. Tlie anterior femora are filiform and uniformly
pubescent, having no trace of the slight inferior emargination and patch of
sericeous hair seen in most species of Lytta.

P. alticeps, elongata, opaca atra, capite lateribus cinereo-pubescente,
conoideo, vertice conico elevato, subacute, fronte caualiculata, thorace [cam-
panulato, linea dorsali insculpto, ad basin medio impresso, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus, minus profunde subtiliter scabris, sutura lineisque angustis
quatuor indistinctis parum elevatis, calcaribus unguiculisque rufis. Long.
•58— -85.

Sonora, Mr. Schott. The thorax is not perceptibly punctured, and the front
is marked with only a few scattered points. The middle tibia of the male are
curved, much dilated, and very profoundly excavated along the inner face from
near the base to the apex : the anterior legs are alike in both sexes, the pos-
terior legs of the only male procured are wanting.

Nemognatha Illiger.

N. discolor, luteo-testacea, nigro-villosa, thorace sat dense punctato,
transverso, lateribus rectis, elytris dense subtilius punctatis, vitta utrinque
lata nigro-picea antice abbreviata ; antennis nigris, tibiis tarsisque infuscatis,
calcaribus posticis obtusis concavis, externo paulo latiore. Long. -ST.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman, one specimen. Closely allied to N. piezata, but
the under surface is of the yellow color as the upper, while that species is black
beneath. Varieties of N. piezata were brought by Mr. Haldeman, in which the
usual elytral vittse are completely wanting.

N. longicollis, elongata, fusco-lutea, breviter nigra-pubescens, capite
fusco, valde elongato, piano punctato, spatio frontali lavi, ore producto, thorace
latitudine sesqui longiore, antice attenuate et utrinque late impresso, modice
punctato, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, confertim rugose punctulatis, sutura
margineque infuscatis ; pectore obscure, antennis nigris extrorsum paulo incras-
satis, articulis arete conjunctis ; tibiis posticis calcaribus planis obtusis, interne
latiore ; maxillis corpore paulo breviores. Long. •25.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. This species belongs to the genus
Gnathium of Kirby, but I do not think it necessary to retain it as distinct from
Nemognatha. It may indeed be a variety of N. minima Say, (a species
otherwise unknown to me), but differs considerably in color from the descrip-
tion given by him.

Bruchus Linn.

B. uniformis, oblongo-ovatus, fusco-ferrugineus, dense cinereo-pubescens,
thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribiis paulo concavis, sat
dense grossius punctato, vitta dorsali pallidiore ssepius ornato, elytris hand vel
vix tesselatis, striis angustis punctatis, antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis
cinereo-pubescentibus, illis extrorsum obscuris. Long. '17 — '20.

Colorado Desert. Abundant in the pods of Prosopis and Strombocarpus.

B. prosopis, oblongo-ovatus, fusco-fen-ugineus^ dense cinereo-pubescens,
thorace fusco-pubescente, latitudine longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus
paulo concavis, sat dense grossius punctato, lateribus vittaque dorsah inter-
rupta pallidis, elytris striis angustis punctatis pube fusca pallidaque tesselatis,
maculisque obscuris maloribus paucis versus latera ornatis ; pygidio fusco pal-
lidoque variegate, pedibus flavo-testaceis, antennis obscuris, ad basin testaceis.
Long. -15— -18.

1858.]

78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Colorado Desert. Found with the preceding, wMch it greatly resembles, but
differs from it in the color of the pubescence. In each the posterior femora are
armed near the tip with one tooth and two small denticles.

B. desertornm, oblongo-ovatus, ferrugineo-testaceus, dense cinereo-
pubescens, ssepe ferrugineo-nebulosus, fronte verticeque infuseatis, thorace
latitudine haud longiore, antrorsum angustato, punctatis ; elytra striis angus-
tis profundis punctatis, sutura margineque ssepe subinfuscatis, pedibus anten-
nLsque testaceis. Long. -OS.

Colorado Desert. Also allied to the two preceding, and found on the same
plants ; it is however much smaller, but otherwise shows no special difference.

Apiox Herbst.

A. oedorhynchum, brevius ovatum, virescente nigrum, parce tenuiter
cinereo-pubescens, rostro cylindrico curvato, capite thoraceque fere longiore
opaco, pone medium subsubito crassiore, fronte subtiliter striata, thorace opaco
latitudine haud breviore, lateribus vix rotuudatis, dense cribratim punctate,
postice canaliculato, elytris ovatis valde convexis, striis profundis punctatis,
interstitiis subtihter dense rugulosis, antennis pone rostri medium insertis.
Long. -05.

San Diego, California, one specimen. Quite distinct from any other species
known to me.

A. ventricosum, brevius ovatum, nigrum vix virescens, glabrum, rostro
cylindrico, thorace paulo longiore, punctatum, versus apicem subnitidum,
capite opaco, fronte medio sulcata, thorace opaco, latitudine longiore, lateribus
subsinuatis, biimpresso, cribrato, postice canaliculato, elytris ovatis convexis,
thorace triplo latioribus, sulcis profundis punctatis, interstitiis dense subtiliter
rugulosis, antennis ad rostri basin insertis. Long. -06.

One specimen. Fort Yuma, CaUfornia. The impressions of the thorax are
near the side, and a little before the middle.

Cleoxus Schonh.

C. molitor, niger, pube decidua farinosa alba plus minusve dense vestitus,
parceque buevissime pilosus, capite thoraceque variolosis, interstitiis dense
punctulatis, rostro nee canalicxilato, nee cristato, thorace parum breviore, hoc
latitudine paulo longiore, lateribus rectis, prope apicem rectangulariter angula-
tis, et usque ad apicem constrictis, max ante medium utrinque transversim
vage impresso, elytris thorace latioribus, dense punctulatis, striatim punctatis,
interstitiis parce nigro-pnnctatis, pedibus antennisque valde albo-pubescenti-
bus, his articuUs arete conjunctis, 2ndo et 3io sequentibus paulo longioribus.
Long. •?.

Vallecitas, California, Fort Yuma and Sonora. This is the largest species in
my collection ; it belongs near C. angularis Lee. (Beckwith's Exped.), al-
though the lii-st joint of the funiculus of the antennae is not longer than the
second.

Lixrs Fabr.

L. pleuralis, valde elongatus, niger sat dense cinereo-pubescens, thoracis
lateribus elytrorumque vitta laterali dcnsius albo-jjubescentibus, thorace antror-
sum angustato, lateribus late rotundatis ad basin profunde excavate, elytris
versus scutellum impressis, dense punctulatis, punctisque quadratis striatim
positis, ad apicem brevissime singulatim acuminatis ; rostro cylindrico recto
punctato, thorace sesqui breviore. Long. -34.

One specimen found on the Colorado River below the Gila.

L. laesicollis, elongatus niger dense punctulatus, tenuiter irregulariter
cinereo-pubescens, thorace profunde cribrato, latitudine haud longiore, lateri-
bus postice subparallelis, antice rotundatis, ad apicem subtubulato, postice
profunde haud late excavate, elytris versus scutellum impressis, ad apicem
rotundatis, subtilius punctulatis, punctis oblongis striatim positis ; rostro

[March.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 79

cylindrico paulo deflexo, nitido parce punctate, ad basin foveato, thorace liaud
breviore. Long. "45.

Eagle Pass, Texas ; Mr. Scliott ; one specimen. The punctures of the thorax
are not confluent, but are longer and deeper than in any other species in my
collection.

Anthonomus Germ.

A. fulvus, oblongus, Isete fulvus nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, an-
trorsum angustato, et lateribus rotundato, ad apicem subtubulato, confertim
profundissime cribrato, et parce piloso, linea dorsali pilis longioribus pallidis
cristata ; elytris profunde crenato-striatis, interstitiis punctis pilisque paucis
notatis, annulo postico siibtriangulari densius pallide pubescente utrinque sig-
natis ; femoribus acute dentatis, rostro sulcato et punctato, ad apicem laevi,
antennarum clava fusca. Long. '17.

Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Haldeman. The anterior femora are armed with a
small tooth near the apex, besides the large acute one.

A. scutellaris, oblongus, nigro-piceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, rostro
rugose punctato, carinato ad apicem Isevi, capite confertim, thorace grossing
dense punctatis, hoc lateribus et ad medium fulvo-piloso, latitudine breviore,
lateribus postice parallelis antice subito rotundatis, ad apicem tubulato ; elytris
punctato-striatis, interstitiis planis pilis nigris tesselatis, lateribus parallelis,
scutello dense pallide piloso ; femoribus dente magno acuto armatis. Long
•17— -20.

Found by Mr. Haldeman in Texas, and by me in Georgia.

Bakidius Schonh.

B. mticoreus, oblongus elongatus, niger dense cinereo-pubescens, thoracis
macula utrinque ad angulos posticos, scutelloque nigris nudis ; thorace latitu-
dine fere longiore, lateribus rectis fere parallelis, antice subito convergentibns
et rotundatis. Long. '18.

One specimen found near Fort Yuma. Exactly resembles our very abundant
B. trinotatus Say, except in the form of the thorax, which instead of being
obliquely and gradually rounded on the sides, is nearly parallel, with the cur-
vature in front.

B. d e n s u s , niger opacus, oblongo-ovalis, pilis parcis cinereis brevissimis
subpruiuosus, capite antice punctato, rostro confertim punctato, thorace baud
breviore, curvato, ad basin transversim impress©, thorace dense cribrato, lati-
tudine haud longiore, antrorsum sensim recte, dein magis et curvatim angus-
tato, ad apicem subconstricto, linea dorsali tenuissima laevi ; elytris pone hu-
meros sensim angustatis, striis exaratis punctatis, interstitiis planis valde
punctatis ; antennis validis, articulo funiculi primo elongato. Long. '14.

San Diego, California.

B. carinulatus, oblongo-ovalis, niger nitidus, rostro punctato, thorace
multo breviore crasso, curvato ad basin transversim impresso, capite parce
punctulato ; thorace latitudine breviore antrorsum paulo et recte, dein fortius
curvatim angustato, ad apicem haud constricto, cribatim in lateribus rugose
punctato, linea dorsali angusta subelevata laevi ; elytris striis exaratis vix punc-
tatis, interstitiis striis paulo latioribus, fortius prsecipue uuiseriatim punctatis :
antennis validis, funictili articulo primo elongato. Long. -17.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman, one specimen. Tlie punctures of the second and
third and some of the outer intervals of the elytra are irregular ; the others
are placed in single rows.

Cratosomus Sell.

G. gemmatus, niger opacus, undique subsequalitor fulvo-pubescens,
rostro glabro nitido subdepresso, thorace longiore subarcuato, extrorsum parce
punctulato, ad basim punctato et subcarinato, fronte canaliculata, thorace
1858.]

80 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

latitudine breviore, ante medium rotundatim valde angustato, ad apicem vix
tubulate, tuberculis nitidis glabris convexis dispersis (quorum unus ante medium
dorsali magis aeutus) ; elytris ad basin thorace tertia parte latioribus, convexis
ad apicem rotundatis, antice grosse striatim punctatis postice striatis, inter-
stitiis omnibus tuberculis nitidis ornatis postice evanescentibus. Long. '82.
Tampico, Mr. Haldeman, one specimen. The tubercles of the interstices of
the elytra are less numerous, and indeed almost wanting towards the apex ;
the 5th has only three, all of which are in Iront of the middle. The first to
third joints of the funiculus of the antennae are equal, the fourth and fifth are
each a little shorter, and the sixth and seventh are still shorter and thicker.

Sphenophorcs Schonh.

S. V a 1 i d u s , ater opacus subvelutinus, capite rostroque parce punctato,
fovea frontali profunda, thorace subtiliter parce punctato, dorso postice subde-
presso, latitndine pamm longiore antice magis angustato, lateribus rotundatis,
ad apicem subito tubulatim constricto ; elytris tenuiter striatis, striis intemis
ad basin parce punctatis, externis obliteratis, sed punctis majoribus notatis ;
pygidio grosse punctato- subcarinato ; tarsis articulo 3io latissimo transverso
subtus spongioso, Imo et 2udo siibtus excavatis glabris. Long. '97.

One specimen brought from Sonora by Mr. Schott. Difiiers from the next by
the larger size, the sudden constriction of the apex of the thorax, which is
less gradually narrowed in front, and by the subcarinate pygidium. The
rostrum is longer than the thorax, cylindrical, and bent especially near the
extremity.

S. procerus, ater opacus subvolutinus, capite rostroque parce punctato,
fovea frontali profunda, thorace dorso postice siibdeplanato, latitndine paulo
longiore, antice sensim angustato, lateribus rotundatis ad apicem subtubu-
lato, ad parum constricto ; elytris omnino sicnt in S. v a 1 i d o : pygidio grosse
punctato hand carinato ; tarsis sicut in priore. Long. "65 — "82.

San Diego, California ; under decaying Opuntise. The beak of the male is a
little shorter than that of the female ; in the latter, it is as long as the thorax,
cylindrical and regularly curved.

S. p i c t u s , elongato-ovalis, supra niger nitidus, capite fascia postocular';
pallida, thorace latitndine sesqui longiore, antrorsum sensim angulato, ad
apicem tubulato, vittis dorsalibtis duabus punctatis albidis postice vage
impressis, lateribus parce punctatis late albidis, margine plus minusve nigro ;
elytris a humeris postice attenuatis, striis intemis profundis hand punctatis,
externis e punctis compositis, interstitiis planis vix parce punctulatis, 2ndo
albido uniseriatim punctulato, 4to et 6to ad basin vittaque lata submarginah
antice abbreviata albidis ; subtus albidus, medio niger, pedibus variegatis,
tarsis subtus lateribus spongiosis, articulo 3io dilatato ; rostro cylindrico
thorace parum breviore. Long. "7.

One specimen ; Vallecitas, San Diego County, California. The black portions
on the under surface are : a large metasternal spot, and another abdominal,
the latter is narrowed on the first segment, so that it becomes of the form of
the abdomen of an ant. Tlie coxae are black with a pale margin, the femora
are pale, with an elongate spot each side not reaching the tip : the tibiae are
black, with the outer edge pale. This species must be placed in Schonherr's
second division near S. discolor, Mann., which by error has been described
as having the third tarsal joint spongy beneath ; it is so only at the sides, and
the middle is entirely glabrous. In the present species the terminal internal
tooth of the anterior tibiae is long and oblique, and immediately above it is a
smaller tooth.

S. ochreus, elongato-ovalis, pallide fusco-ochreus, rostro cylindrico,
antice nigro, vertice nigro, fronte foveata, thorace latitndine longiore, antrorsum
sensim parum angustato, ad apicem tubulato-constricto, parce punctato, dorso
subbisulcato, in fundo parcius grosse punctato, linea media dorsali, altera

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 81

utrinque pone medium interrupta, margineque abbreviate nigris, nitidis ,
scutello nigro, elytris striis foveatim punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis,
alternis latioribus nitidis, puncto bumerali nigro, coxis macula magna ab-
dominali epipleuris commissurisque nigris ; tarsis articulo 3io dilatato, lateri-
bus spongioso. Long. '56.

SonoVa, Dr. Webb, one specimen. Resembles in appearance a species found
in the Atlantic States, but differs by the thorax being more uniformly punc-
tured, as well as by the black dorsal vittse.

S. vomerinus, ovalis, sordide ater opacus, fronte foveata, thorace dense
punctate, linea dorsali angustissima subnitida, latitudine hand longiore, lateri-
bus rotundatis, antice angustato, et tubulate ; elytris a humeris angustatis.
striis profundis, internis parum, externis foveatim punctatis, interstitiis con-
fertim punctatis ; tarsis articulo 3io haiid dilatato, tibiis anticis angulo externo
apicali quadratim product© ; rostro compresso ad basin subito dilatato et punc-
tate. Long -35— -42.

Sonora, Dr. Webb. Of the form and size of S. retusus, but very dis-
tinct. Tlie anterior tibiae are terminated by the usual internal acute tooth,
above which is a small one, and again at the middle an obtuse angle : the
outer angle, however, instead of being obliquely rounded as usual, is pro-
duced into a broad truncate process. The third joint of the tarsi is very
slightly dilated, and they are merely ciliate at the sides.

Rhyxcolus Kreutzer.

R. dorsalis, elongatus cylindricus, niger nitidus, capite punctato,
rostro capite breviore deplanato, tenuiter canaliculate, thorace capite parum
latiore latitudine longiore, antrorsum sensim paulo angustato, ad apicem
transversim impresso, sat dense punctato, linea dorsali l?evi, elytris striis
crenatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, antennis validis, clava oblonga funiculo
vix latiore. Long. -10.

One specimen, San Diego, California.

R. angularis, cylindricus, niger nitidus, capite parce punctato, rostro
deflexo, medio parce lateribus densius punctato, capite vix breviore, ad apicem
vage angulatim impresso, thorace latitudine longiore, grosse punctato, an-
trorsum sensim paulo angustato, lateribus rectis, ad apicem subito parum
constricto, angulis pone apicem obtusis at distinctis ; elytris punctis quadratis
profundis striatis, interstitiis convexis, iiniseriatim punctatis ; pedibus an-
teunisque piceo-rufis, his clava oblonga rufa, funiculo duplo latiore. Long.
•08— -10.

Under willow bark, at New River, Colorado Desert.

Hylesinus Fabr.

H. hystrix, cylindrico-ovalis, crassus nigro-piceus, setis brevibus erectis
pallidis vestitus, punctatus, elytris margine basali fortius elevato, punctis
quadratis striatis, interstitis 2ndo postice late sulcato, 3io ante apicem valde
elevato, tridentato. Long. -09.

San Diego, California, one specimen. By the curious posterior sculpture of
the elytra a broad and deep excavation is produced : the club of the antenna-
as in the other species is distinctly annulated.

Mallodox Serv.

M. g n a t h o , depressus, nigro-piceus nitidus, capite n;de et confluenter
cribrato, subcanaliculato, thorace transverse, parce punctato, medio late
Icoucavo et punctis paucis magnis insculpto, versus latera cribrato, insequali,
ateribus parallelis serrulatis, angulis posticis oblique late emarginatis, elytris
fortiter marginatis vix rugulosis ; mandibulis maris elongatis pone apicem
dente magno armatis, intus parce pilosis. Long. 1'35.

1858.] 6

S2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

One male from Sonora, Dr. Webb. Of the form of the male of M. d a s y s t o-
m u s , but readily known by the thorax not being marked with bright facets
separated by opake spaces, also by the posterior angles being obliquely but
broadly emarginate, so that a prominent angle is formed before the base, and
another at the base itself, and finally by the more slender mandibles having
a strong tooth near the tip, and being only sparsely pilose internally. The
under surface of the head is much more deeply excavated than in M. dasysto-
mus, and the gular margins much more elevated ; the gense are broadly
rounded with one subacute angle, wldle in the other they are emarginate.

Elaphidion Serv.

E. validum, fusco-piceum nitidum, fusco-pubescens, et parce pilosum,
thorace latitudine haud breviore, lateribus rotundatis postice angustato,
fortius punctato, dorso subdepresso quinque calloso, macula magna sericeo-
pubescente laterah utrinque antica, elytris parcius postice subtilius punctatis,
ad apicem subtruncatis, sutura spinosa, antennis corpore brevioribus ad basin
crassiusculis, articulis 3 — 6 apice breviter unispinosis, femoribus muticis.
Long. -83— 1-0.

Texas, Messrs. Haldeman and Schott. The sericeous patch of yellowish
hair each side of the thorax in front recalls the European genus Stromatium.

E. protensum, elongatum, fusco-piceum, tenuiter parce cinereo-pu-
bescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antice posticeque angustato, lateribus
subangulatim rotundatis, rude punctato, transversim subplicato, callo dorsali
nitidiore subelevato, scutello dense pubescente, elytris thorace latioribus,
antice fortiter, postice subtilius punctatis, ad apicem longe bispinosis, femori-
bus ad apicem spmosis, anteimarum articulis 3 — 6 spinis sensim brevioribus
armatis. Long. 1*22.

One female found in Sonora by Mr. Schott. The form is about proportioned
as in E. p a r a 1 1 e 1 u m . This species is very conspicuous by its large size.

Eriphus Serv.

E? ruber, Isete coccineus, nitidus, pilis erectisnigris parce vestitus, elytris
grosse modice punctatis, postpectore nigro, antennis extrorsum, tarsisque
lusco-nigris, (antennis tibiarumque apice rare nigris). Long -4 — •42.

Eagle Pass, Mr. Schott. Resembles E. suturalis, so closely, that I was
for a time unwilling to consider it as distinct. The size is much greater, and
the punctures of the elytra more numerous and comparatively smaller : the
basal joint of the antennae, except in one specimen, is red ; a character I have
never observed in E. suturalis.

Aehopalus Serv.

A. eurystethus, ferruginous, subtus dense pallide sulphureo-pubescens,
thorace fusco, dense sulphureo-pubescente, transverso, ad basin declivi, lateri-
bus rotundatis ante basin angulatis, elytris fuscis piceo-pubescentibus, fascia
lata dentata ad quadrantem, linea angulata ad medium, fascia lata pone me-
dium et linea angulata pallide sulphureis ornatis, ad apicem singulatim longe
acuminatis ; pedibus late distantibus, prosterno postice subproducto, late
subtruncato. Long. -58 — .80.

Sonora, Mr. Schott. Tlie lateral angle of the thorax is sometimes distinct,
sometimes indistinct, never acutely prominent as in A. erythropus. This
species belongs to a group in which the anterior feet are widely separated,
the prostemum broadly and slightly produced posteriorly, and the mesoster-
num suddenly declivous in front, thus exhibiting a tendency to Megaderus,
which with the Trachyderides should immediately follow this group in a
natural arrangement.

March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 83

Crossidius Lee.

C. suturalis, fulvus, siibtilius flavo-piibescens, capite, antemiis, postpeotoris
lateribus, pedibus tlioraceque supra nigris, hoc latitudine paiilo breviore, snb-
rotundato, opaco vage grosse et subtilius punctato, subinrequali, lateribus
obtuse angulatis, margine basali ad latera valde prominulo ; elytris antice
fortiter postiee subtilius et dense punctatis, vitta suturali communi, antice
angusta, postiee dilatata nigris, spina suturali parva amlatis, scutello nigro.
Long. -62.

One female found in Sonora by Mr. Scbott. This species has entirely the
form ofC. testaeeus, but the elevated lines of the elytra are hardly dis-
tinct, and the punctures of the elytra anteriorly are smaller, and finally the
suture terminates in a small spine. The black disc of the thorax does not
reach the sides, so that a yellow margin is seen each side ; the dilated portion
of the black sutural vitta extends backwards from the anterior third forming a
very elongate oval black spot.

Tragidion Serv.

T. a n n u 1 a t u m, nigrum velutinum, thorace lateribus postiee fortiter an-
gulatis, elytris fulvis ad basin late nigris, antennarum articulis duobus primis
nigris, reliquis fulvis ad apicem nigris. Long. 1*1.

One male, Sonora, Mr. Schott. Very different from T. c o q u u s and its
varieties by the color of the antennae : the lateral angle of the thorax is more
prominent, and the two small horns between the antennae are longer, more
compressed and more rounded at the tip : the tliird and fourth joints of the
antennae are very densely clothed at the tip with black hair.

Rhopalophokus Serv.

R. rugicollis, plumbeus, pube subtili depressa cinerea pruinosus, thorace
rufo, latitudine sesqui longiore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus late ro-
tundatis, dorso subglabro, transversim plicatim rugoso et punctato, elytris pro-
funde punctatis ad apicem truncatis. Long. '38.

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. This species has the same color and
general proportions asR. longipes (Stenocorus longipes Say), but differs by
the form and sculpture of the thorax.

Clythra Fabr.

C. militaris, oblonga subelongata, nigro-vireseens, capite opaco rugose
punctato, thorace brevi opaco, ad latera transversim biimpresso, elytris sub-
nitidis punctatis, macula magna obliqua basali alteraque rotundata subapicali
rubris, illo puncto humerali nigro signato. Long. 'VJ.

One specimen, New Braunfels, Texas, Mr. Lindheimer. Seems by the large
and prominent anterior coxae to belong with the gx-oup Anomoia.

Megalostomis Lac.

M. mucorea, oblonga, convexa, nigra, undiquo aequaliter dense albo-
pubescens, confertim subtilius punctata, elytris macula humerali magna rufa ;
antennis articulo 3io parvo testaceo, 4to triangulari longiore. Long. "25 — •28.

Vallecitas and Fort Yuma, California. Differs from any described by La-
cordaire by the uniform dense pubescence. It seems however to belong to his
first division Minturnia, and to find its place near M. d i m i d i a t a .

Babia Lac.

B. tetraspilota, breviter ovata, postiee latior, nigra nitida, subtus cin
ereo pubescons, supra glabra, capite Isevi, thorace parce punctato, antrorsum
sensim angustato, lateribus subrectis, transversim valde convexo, elytris
striatim punctatis, macula magna obliqua humerali postiee latiore, alteraque
subapicali rotundata rxibis. Long. 'll.
1858.]

84 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Fort Yuma, California ; one specimen. Differs from our common species by
the smaller size, narrower thorax and by the humeral spot of the elytra being
wider behind, and trapezoidal.

Cktptocephahts Geoflfroy.

C. spurcus, subcylindricus, fusco-badius nitidus, capite pedibusque flavis,
thorace convexo parce subtilius punctato, lateribus, niargine antico, maculis-
que duabus baseos pallide flavis ; elytris jDallide flavis, piceo-subvittatis, striis
profundis punctatis, interstitiis vix convexis nitidis ; subtus flavo-guttatus,
prosterno apice acute baud carinato, postice emarginato, lobis acutis. Long.
•17— -23.

Var. fere totus pallidus, antennis versus apicem punctisque elytrorum solis
fuscis.

San Diego, California. Similar in appearance to C. incertus, but larger,
and having the prosternum prominent in front. The striae of the elytra are
quite as deep as in that species, but the interstices are less elevated : between
the third and penultimate strise, which as usual unite around the apex, are
four intermediate strise uniting by pairs ; in the space between the outer two,
just behind the humerus, are two short strise each consisting of three or four
points. The dark color on the elytra is seen in the punctures of the strise, at
the tips of the loops formed by the strise, at the middle and base of the third
and fifth intervals, on the humerus, and along the outer margin. When the
under surface is dark colored, the sterna, the pleurae of the mesothorax, the
middle of the base of the abdomen, and the last ventral segment are yellow :
the pygidium is yellow, with large brown punctures ; the legs are yellow, the
middle of the thighs and tibiae being sometimes reddish, and the tarsi fuscous.
The under surface is almost glabrous and moderately punctured. Of the type
were procured two males, and of the variety two females.

Pachybrachys Suffrian.

P. 1 i V e n s , elongatus oblongus, pallide sulphurous, punctis testaceis in-
sculptus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, sequaliter fortiter minus dense
punctato, lateribus rectis, antrorsum paulo angustato ; elytris pone scutellum
et mox ante medium impressis, striatim punctatis, punctis versus scutellum
confusis, pedibus antennisque concoloribus, oculis nigris. Long. '13.

Colorado River, California, on Salix. This species belongs to the numerous
group of indefinite species such as P. abdoniinalis, tridens, sobrinus, &c., but
diiFers from the others by the paler color. The striae of the elytra are impressed
only behind the middle ; the rows are regular, but closer than usual, and are
confused towards the suture, where the elytra are irregularly and densely punc-
tured. The middle of the disc of the thorax is usually marked with a large
testaceous spot.

P. caelatus, elongatus oblongus, supra luteus, fusco-variegatus, thorac-e
fortiter inaequaliter punctato, fusco-trimaculato, elytris striatim profunde punc-
tatis, striis internis sinuatis et abbre^^atis,- hand confusis, interstitiis hie inde
callosis ; subtus nigro-piceus, abdomine flavo-marginato, pedibus testaceis,
femoribus flavo-maculatis. Long. "12 — •14.

San Diego and Fort Yuma, California. The head has a vertical line and the
occiput blackish. The paler parts of the thorax are less densely punctured,
and in one specimen the dark spots are confluent forming an M shaped figure-
The three internal striae of the elytra are contorted, and some of them are
usually abbreviated, and beliind the middle one of the intervals is usually
broader and more elevated : a few confused punctures are seen here and there,
but the strise are not lost as in the preceding. The pygidium is yellow with
three dark spots. This species greatly resembles P. abdominalis, but the dark
spots of the thorax are more densely punctured, and the striae of the elytra
are more sinuous.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 85

CoLASPis Fabr.

C. h u m e r a 1 i s , oralis convexus, nigro-cupreus nitidus, capite thoraceque
parcius punctatis elytris minus dense punctatis lineis dorsalibus utrinque dna-
bus sublsevibus, intra humeros profunde breviter impressis, palpis antennisque
basi testaceis. Long. '15.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman ; one specimen. Resembles in form and size C. viridis
Fabr., btit differs by the thorax not being aciculate, but only sparsely punc-
tured ; it differs from a species found in Georgia by the dark colored legs. The
punctures of the elytra form irregular rows, but two intervals on each elytron
are more obvious by their regularity ; the intra-humeral impression is deeper
than usual. This species belongs to the division of the genus having the first
joint of the tarsi not elongated, the claws with a broad basal process, and the
antennse slightly thickened externally.

Metachkoma Lee. (jChevr.)

M. u s t u m , longiusculum, fusco-castaneum, nitidum, capite thoraceque par-
cius punctatis, hoc latitudine duplo breviore, convexo, lateribus rotundatis
marginatis, angulis parvis auriculatis, elytris thorace latioribus, antice leviter
striato-punctatis, ad marginem et apicem indeterminate rufo-testaceis, ore
capitisque maculis rufo-piceis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; femoribus
dente niinuto armatis. Long. '22.

Sonora, Dr. Webb. As large as M. interruptum ( Colaspis interrupta,
Say), and resembling it in sculpture, except that the strife are more distant.
The species to which I desire to restrict the name Metachroma, are those con-
generic with Colaspis quercata Fahr., the first species mentioned in Dejean s
Catalogue. They have the mouth free beneath, the thorax not lobed behind
the eyes, which are large and prominent, the anterior coxse occupying nearly
the whole of the prosternum ; the antennse widely separated, slender, with
the joints 7-11 very slightly dilated, and the second and third equal. The
femora are moderately incrassated, scarcely perceptibly dentate ; the posterioi-
tibia are externally obliquely emarginate near the tip, and finally the ungues
are acutely toothed or even bifid.

M. suturale, piceo-nigrum nitidum, capite thoraceque parcius punctatis,
thorace latitudine duplo breviore, medio convexo, lateribus subexplanatis valde
rotundatis marginatis, angulis parvis auriculatis, elytris punctato-striatis
thorace latioribus, rufo-testaceis, vitta lata communi suturali nigra, ore, an-
tennis, tibiis ad apicem et basin, abdomineque ad apicem et latera piceo-rufis ;
femoribus dente minuto armatis. Long. '24.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Related to the preceding, but differs in the arrange-
ment of the colors. As in it, the head is less punctured at the middle, and
has two vertical faint reddish spots.

M. puncticolle, nigro-piceum, capite piceo-rufo, fronte punctata, oc-
cipite obscuro, thorace transverse, lateribus rotundatis, angulis minutis auri-
culatis, linea postica dorsali tenui Isevi, elytris testaceis striatim punctatis,
punctis postice obliteratis, sutura usque ad dodrantem nigra antice latiore ;
antennis pedibusque testaceis, femoribus omnino muticis. Long. '17.

One specimen from Fredericksburg, Texas, Mr. Haldeman.

EujioLPUS Fabr.

E. cuprascens, oblongus convexus, cupreus vel aureo-cupreus, nitidus,
fortiter subrugose punctatus, breviter fere erecte albo-pubescens, antennis ad
basin piceis, ore tibiis tarsisque nigris, elytris thorace latioribus. Long. •2.

San Diego, California. Belongs to the same genus as E. smaragdulus
Lee, Pac. R. R. Survey, 9, (insects) 67, but differs from it by the color and
more robust form. The generic characters are : thorax margined on the sides,
lobed broadly behind the eyes, head not sculptured with lines, anteim*
slender ; femora and tibite unarmed, ungues bifid.
1858.1

86 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Paria Lee.

P. quadriguttata, supra pallide testacea nitida, capite parce punctate,
thorace convexo parce punctate, lateribus rotundatis angulis posticis baud
rotundatis, margine basali apicalique infuscatis, elytris tliorace latioribus con-
vexis, fortiter striatim punctatis punctis postice parvis, macula utriuque sub-
basali, alterisque duabus linearibus confluentibus ad medium omatis ; subtus
picea, abdominis margiae pedibusque pallide testaceis, antennis testaceis ad
apicem infuscatis. Long. '17.

Fort Yuma, California. Closely resembles Colaspis 6-notata Say, but is
more slender, with, the thorax less punctured, and the under siirface darker.

The genus Paria is established for the present species, Col. 4-notata Say,
6-notata Say, aterrima Oliv., and canellus Fabr., with several nondescripts. The
species mentioned, which were known to Dejean, were placed by him at the ena
of the genus Aletachroma, with the first mentioned species of which they have
no affinity, except that resulting from form. They are to be distinguished as
follows :

Body glabrous, head not sculptured, antennae distant, slender, second joint
thicker, but shorter than the third ; thorax margined, angles not auriculated.
beneath broadly lobed behind the eyes, prosternum deflected and hollowed so
as to protect tlie mouth when the head is bent down. Femora not toothed,
posterior tibiae externally broadly emarginate near the tip ; ungues biSd.

Mtochrous (iChevr.)

M. longulus, elongatus nigro-piceus, dense punctatns, squamulis aeneo-
fuscis densissime tectus, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus subparallelis
fortiter tridentatis, antice oblique truucatis, angulis omnibus prominulis. Long.
■2.

Fort Yuma, California. Different from our other species by the form of the
thorax, and the more elongate body.

Haltica Fabr.

H. fumata, ovalis supra fiava, ore occipiteque fascis, thorace Isevi. latitu-
dine duplo breviore, lateribus obliquis subrectis, macula media antice latiore
nigra, alteraque utrinque obliqua fusca ; elytris subtilissime parce punctulatis,
sutura vitta discoidali alteraque submarginali nigris ; corpore subtus, pedibns
antennisque fusco-nigris, femoribus anterioribus fusco-testaceis. Long. -26.

Texas and New Mexico. Smaller and broader than H. alternata, and dis-
tinct from that as from all allied species in my collection, by the dark color of
the under surface. The dorsal thoracic spot in one specimen is dirided.

H. p u r a, elongato-ovalis flavo-teslaceus, labro, occipite, antennis tarsisque
nigris, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus late rotundatis, subtiliter
punctulato, antice guttis duobus vel quatuor nigris ; elytris subtiliter rugosis et
vix conspicue punctulatis, sutura vitta dorsali alteraque submarginali tenuibus
nigris. Long. -28 — -31.

Colorado River, California. More slender than H. pluriligata Lee. and
distinguished by the uniform yellow color of the under surface.

H. foliacea, elongata subovalis, viridiaenea subnitida, thorace latitudine
parum breviore, antrorsum angustato, subtiliter punctulata, linea transversa
subtili postice inculpto, elytris punctulatis thorace parum latioribus. Long. 19.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Closely allied in form and character to H. p u n c t i-
pe nn i s iec. (Beckwith's Expedition), but the thorax is less transverse and
more densely punctulate, the posterior line is not more distinct at the middle
than towards the side, and the elytra are more finely punctured.

H. opul en t a, oblonga convexa laete viridiaurea, capite antice rugoso et.
punctato, postice laevi, thorace rude punctato, et parce punctulato, latitudine
breviore, lateribus vix late rotundatis, angulis anticis oblique truncatis, disco

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OE PHILADELPHIA. 87

postice sulco profundo transverse striola basali utrinque terminata exarata, ely-
tris fortiter striatim crenatis, interstiis parce punctulatis, antennis pedibusque
nifo-testaceis. Long. -10.

Fort Yuma, California. Entirely of the size, form, and sculpture of H.
helxines (var. nana Say), but the sides of the thorax ate less rounded in
front behind the apical angles.

H. miti s, elongata, capite fortius punctato, fusco-testaceo, medio sublsvi,
thorace pallido, latitudine parum breviore, lateribus nigris antice rotundatis,
parce subtiliter punctulato et parcius punctato, prope basin linea transversa
vage impressa ; eljtris punctulatis, obscuris, vitta dorsali apicemhaud attingente,
raargineque postico pallidis, ore postpectoreque nigro-piceis, antennis fuscis,
abdomine fusco-testaceo, pedibus testaceis plus minusve infuscatis. Long. -15.

Colorado River, California. Very nearly resembles H. b Ian da (^Systena
Vanda Mels.), but the head is more punctured and the elytra are less densely
punctulate.

H. ochracea, elongata, supra ochreo-flava nitida, capite antice parce punc-
tato. thorace latitudine breviore punctulato et parce punctato, antrorsum angus-
tato, lateribus rectis postice linea transversa vage impresso, elytris subtilius
punctulatis, subtus fusca, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -15.

One specimen, San Diego, California. This specimen, with the preceding be-
longs to the group named Systena by Mr. Chevrolat, but is very different from
any other in my collection.

LoNGiTAEsus Latr.

L. m a n c u s, apterus elongatus, subcylindricus, aeneo-niger, capite laevi,
thorace punctato latitudine breviore, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris thorace
parum latioribus, punctatis, ad apicem divergentibus et singulatim rotundatis,
ano prominulo, pedibus antennisque rufo-piceis, his articulis 2ndo tertioque
«qualibus. Long. -07.

Gila River, below the Pima villages. The form is nearly that ofL. testacea
(^Teinodactyla testacea Mels.) but the absence of wings, and the separately
rounded elytra are characters known to me only in this and the nest species.

L. apterus, apterus, elongatus subcylindricus, convexus aeneo-niger, capite
laevi, thorace versus latera parce punctulato, latitudine breviore, lateribus late
rotundatis, elytris thorace parum latioribus punctatis, ad apicem divergentibus
et singulatim rotundatis, ano promiuulo, pedibus antennisque testaceis, his ex-
trorsum fuscis, articulis 2ndo Sioque aqualibus, femoribus posticis fuscis.
Long. -05 — 07.

Found with the preceding, which it resembles, except in having the thorax
only finely punctured towards the sides.

L. repandus, alatus, flavo-testaceus nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore,
subtilissime parce punctulato et ruguloso, lateribus late rotundatis subrepandis,
elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, oblongo-ovalibus convexis, punctulatis et
transversim subrugosis, antennis elongatis versus apicem paulo infuscatis.
Long. -07.

San Diego, California.

L. livens, alatus, supra flavo-testaceus nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore,
subtiliter punctulato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus,
elongatis ovalibus, sat dense subtilius punctatis, antennis elongatis versus
apicem parum infuscatis ; subtus fuscus, pedibus testaceis. Long. -07.

One specimen, Fort Yuma, California.

PsYLLiODES Latr.

P. in t er s t i tial i s, ovalis paulo convexus, nigro-neneus nitidus, capite
thoraceque fortius hand dense punctatis, hoc latitudine breviore, lateribus rectis
angulLs anticis oblique truncatis, elytris thorace latioribus, striatim punctatis,

185S.]

88 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

mterstitiis fortius subtiliter punctatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis,
femoribus posticis nigro-seneis. Long. -12.

Fort Yuma, California, one specimen. The striae of tlie elytra in this species
are formed merely of punctures, as in P. c o n v e x i o r Lee, Pac. R. R. Survey,
9, (insects) 69, but the intervals are strongly punctured asinP.puQCticolIis
MeU.

DiABEOTicA (I Chevr.)

D. t e n e 11 a, elongato-ovata, pallide virescente-iiava nitida, thorace latitudine
baud breviore, bifoveato, lateribus subsinuatis, ore occipiteque fuscis, elytris
guttis utrinque sex parvis nigris, 2, 2, 2 positis ; scutello postpectore pedibusque
fuscis, femoribus pallidis ad apicem infuscatis, antennis fuscis, articulis tribus
primis pallidis. Long. -2 — -22.

Fort Yuma, California, Resembles D. 12-p u n c t a t a , but the spots are always
very much smaller, and the thorax is not transverse, and not much rounded on
the sides near the apex, and all the angles are prominent.

D? fossata, elongata, nigra nitida, vertice profunde foveato, thorace lati-
tudine baud breviore, foveis magnis duabus profunde excavato, lateribus subsi-
nuatis, elytris subtiliter punctatis, plica versus marginem munitis, postice
obsoleta introrsum sulco lata utrinque abbreviate definita. Long. «21.

New Baunfels, Texas, Mr. Lindheimer. An immature specimen is dark testa-
ceous ; this species is of the same form as D. longicornis Say (Galleruca,)
but the elytra are less strongly punctured.

Galleruca Geoffrey.

G. sordida, testacea, dense pallide sordide pubescens, capite canaliculate,
thorace brevi, lateribus subangulatis, profunde canaliculate, utrinque late exca-
vato elytris subtrisulcatis, sulco secundo antice introrsum oblique, tertio utrinque
valde abbreviate, macula communi nigra suturali paulo impressa ad medium
notatis, guttisque pluribus prsecipue pone medium ornatis ; antennis corporis
dimidio brevioribus extrorsum paulo incrassatis, pectere fusee. Long. .13.

Fort Yuma, California. Related to G. guttulata Lee. Pac. R. R. Survey,
y, (insects) 70, but more finely punctured, and still more denselj^ pubescent, so
that the punctures are not visible. The grooves of the elytra are also different ;
the first is entire, but is a little deeper at the sutural black spot, the second runs
obliquely inwards from the humerus, and forms a deep fovea near the first, then
it runs parallel with the suture, but is faint ; the third is very faint and short,
being seen only about the middle.

G. luteecincta, elongata, thorace brevi flavo, lateribus subangulato,
utrinque oblique excavato, minus dense punctate, cyaneo-trimaculate, elytris
;eneo-cyaneis, vel aeneo-viridibus, sericeis pubescentibus, densissime punctu-
latis, limbo externo et apicali flavo, subtus cum pedibus fusco-nigra vel testacea,
antennis elongatis fuscis. Long. •32--43.

San Diego, California ; very abundant on a species of Artemisia. This species
varies much in size and color ; the head is usually dull testaceous, with the
occiput blackish or greenish blue ; sometimes the head is entirely blackish. It
is closely related to G. flavolimbata Mann, from northern California, but
differs by the thorax being broadly and deeply excavated each side, and again
less deeply at the middle near the base and apex : in G. flavolimbata there is
but one deep excavation, which extends transversely across the thorax. In
one specimen the elytra are dull testaceous, having only a scutellar patch, and
an external vitta olive green bronzed. In another, the black spots of the thorax
cover nearly the whole surface.

ExocHOMUS Redt.

E. t e X a n u s , rotundatus valde convexus, fere compressus, niger nitidus,
capite obscure rufo, thorace prope angules anticos ad marginem rufescente, ely-

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 89

tris subtiliter punctulatis, macula rotundata ante medium utrinque ornatis,
pectoris segmeutiqae abdominis primi lateribus rufis ; pedibus rufis, tarsis
omnibus, tibiis posterioribus, femoruiuque postecorum margine nigris. Lone.
•23.

One specimen found in Texas by Dr. Kiunerly. Of the same size and form
asE. tripustulatus.

Brachiacaxtha Muls.

B. quadrillura, ovalis valde coavexa, nigra nitida, dense punctulata,
thorace macula magna laterali rotundata elytris, altera subreaiforrai subapicali
flavo-rufis ornatis ; antennis palpis pedibusque flavo-rufis, femoribus infuscatis.
Long. -2.

New Braunfels, Texas, Mr. Lindlieimer. Jlore regularly oval than B.
dentipes; it differs from that spesies b}- the black head, and bj the anterior
spots of the elytra being wanting.

Hyperaspis Redt.

H. c i n c t a, rotundato-ovalis, nigra nitida, capite thoraceque subtiliter punc-
tatis, illo flavo, hoc margine laterali apicalique tenui flavis, elytris minus dense
punctatis, margine lato flavo-rufo pone humeros emargiuato, postice ambiente.
sed suturam baud attingente ad apicem obtuse rotundato, margine lateral! pone
medium anguste nigro. Long. -lO.

Santa Isabel, California, one specimen. A very pretty and distinct species :
the yellow margin of the elytra occupies about one fourth of the surface; inter-
nally it is suddenly and deeply emarginate behind the humerous; it follows the
contour of the sides almost to the suture, where it is obtusely rounded ; the
extreme margin from the middle to the tip is black.

April m.

Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Fifty-one members present.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of tlie members to some fossil remains on the
table just received' from Dr. Hayden. They are part of the Niobrara collection,
and apparently indicate two additional species of the ancient Camel {Procaine-
lus) . One of the species is founded on the greater portion of one side of the
lower jaw containing most of the molar teeth. Six molars form a closed row,
of which the back four have about the same size and form as in the recent
Camel. The second premolar is like the third one, and the first of the closed
series has a laterally compressed conical crown with trenchant borders. The
caniniform premolar has almost the same size, form and relative position as in
the recent Camel ; and in the fossil, in a corresponding position, there is an
equally large socket, as in the latter, for a true canine. The jaw is shorter but
deeper than in the Camel, and it appears to indicate that the species to which,
it belongs was about the size of the latter animal. The length of position oc-
cupied by the closed row of six molars is six and a quarter inches ; the depth
of the jaw below the middle of the last molar is two and a half inches, and
below the first molar one and three-quarter inches. For this si)ecies the name
of Pkocamelu.s kobcstus is proposed.

The second additional species of this genus is indicated by several small
fragments of an upper jaw with molar teeth, of an animal about the size of the
Lama. The three premolars of the closed row occupy a position of fifteen lines
in extent. For the species the name of Procamelus gracilis is proposed.

Dr. Leidy added that he took the pi-esent opportunity to point out the
admirable quality of bees-wax as a means of mending fractured fossils, and of
increasing their strength when friable. If a fossil bone or shell have become
quite brittle by the loss of its animal matter, and is dipped in melted wax
and allowed to cool, it becomes nearly as hard as the specimen was in its

1858.] 7

90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

original condition. For mending, it had the advantage over most cements that
no time was lost in allowing certain parts to dry, which had been united, before
others could be added.

Dr. Hays announced the death of Prof. John K. ^Mitchell, M. D.,
late a member of the Academy.

April IZtli.
Z>Ir. Jeanes in the Chair.

Fifty-one members present.

A letter was read from Henry Hartshorne, M. D., Recorder of tlie
Biolosical Department of the Academy, announcing its organization,
and the selection of the first and third Mondays of each month as the
time of meeting.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a drawing of a curious
wonn, which he said was obtained from the Schuylkill river, and was inter-
esting from its being more nearly allied to marine forms than any other known
fresh water species. It lives in tubes of mud ; and is about a line in length.
The body is divided into twelve annuli, including the head, which is cup-
shaped, has two eyes, and supports on each side a process provided with
seventeen cylindrical ciliated arms. The rings, except the head, are provided
with four rows of bristles and two rows of podal hooks. The bristles are from
four to six in a bunch ; those anteriorly having a falcate extremity, and those
posteriorly being whip-like. The anterior hooks are in series of five ; and
have a long handle with a lancet-Uke extremity. The posterior hooks are
from fifteenlo twenty in a series, and have a long handle with the extremity
expanded and serrated on one side. It appears to be most nearly allied to the
maruie genus Fabricia. He proposed for it the name Manayunkia speciosa,
from the Indian name of the river in which it was first discovered.

April 20(Ji.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-six members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings :

Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium evertebratorum, &c., observavit
et descripsit W. Stimpson, Pars. V. Crustacea Ocypodoidea.

Contributions to Helminthology, by Joseph Leidy, M. D.

And were referred to Committees.

Mr. Lea remarked that when, a few evenings since, Dr. Leidy made some ob-
servations on a few fossil Saurian and Batrachian bones, from the Red Sand-
stone of Gwynedd, 20 miles north of Philadelphia, and which were collected
and presented by him and some other members, some observations were made
by Mr. Lea on the epoch of that mass of red and gray sandstone rocks and
biackslates. This formation is now assuming greater importance, and the
interest in it has recently much increased by discoveries made by Major Hawn
in Kansas Territory ; descriptions of the fossil species, chiefly Mollusca, have
been made by Messrs. Meek and Hayden and Prof. Swallow. No bones or foot
prints have been observed by Major Hawn, but all the specimens of MoUusca,
&c., indicate without any doubt their belonging to some portion of the Permian
Formation,

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 91

The importance of the discovery of these rocks in Kansas cannot fail to im-
press our geologists, as the existence of any Permian in this country has been
long and strenuously denied by nearly all the American geologists. Mr. Lea
believed he was the first to suggest that the Red Sandstone of Connecticut, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, &c., bearing foot marks and other impressions of animal
and vegetable life, were of Permian origin and older than the Lias,* but not
older than the " New Red Sandstone "f of Europe, as supposed by Elie de Beau-
mont and Dr. Jackson ; and in the memoir which Mr. Lea then read before
this Academy, describing the Clepsijsaurus Pennsylvanicus, of Ujiper Milford,
Pennsylvania, he stated, in regard to the formation in which these bones were
imbedded, that he was " inclined to place it among the superior strata of the
Permian system, "f In 1834 Mr. R. C. Taylor considered the coal of the Lignites
of Fredericksburg, Virginia to be "coeval with the Oolites."

In 1836 Prof. H. D. Rogers stated that those red sandstones which he charac-
terized as Middle Secondary Strata, " implied a date somewhere intermediate
between that of the coal and that of the green sand ;"§ and afterwards with
his brother. Prof. W. B. Rogers and Sir Charles Lyell, || he considered that part
of this system which containes the coal near Richmond, Virginia, was ' ' closely
related to the earliest deposits of the Oolite formation of Great Britain ;" and
he was disposed to add the whole of the red strata of his Middle Secondary Bed
Sandstone to these, and " assign them a position at or near the base of the great
Jurassic system."^ In 1839, Mr. Gesner in his Geological Survey of the
Province of New Brunswick, assigned the variegated Red Sandstone Rock of
Saint Andrews, at the mouth of the St. Croix river, to the ' ' Bunter Sand-
stone," the lowest member of the Triassic.**

The late Mr. Redfield long since regarded the fossil fishes found in the Con-
necticut sandstone as Triassic ; and a few years since he stated at the meeting
of the American Association at Cincinnati, that this formation was character-
ized by a flora and fauna as recent as the Trias. In this, Prof. Agassiz differed
from him, as he placed this formation at the base of the Liassic series.

In a note, to a memoir on Balhifgnatus borealis by Dr. Leidy,f f Mr. Dawson in
reference to the older rocks of Prince Edward Island, says, " these beds may
either belong to the top of the carboniferous system, or to an overlying deposit
of the Permian or Triassic age, and in either case the red sandstones which
conformably overlie them will be equivalent to the New Red of Western Nova
Scotia and Connecticut, and probably Triassic or Permian." These views
tend to confirm Mr. Lea's, published several years before; and, subsequently
Prof. Emmons, who thought in ]853,|t that the red sandstones of North Caro-
lina belonged to the Trias, changed his views in 1856, and while confirmino-
Mr. Lea's as regarded the existence of the Fer?nia?i, divided the well marked
beds of Deep River, in North Carolina§§ into P^7-??!?'(7n and 7'r/f/«, with their inferior
divisions stating their equivalency to the European systems, and he considers
the Chatham series of North Carolina, the Newark series of New Jersey, and the
Greenfield scries of Connecticut Valley, to represent one epoch belonging to the
Permian. The Gwynedd series and that of Phoenixville, being evidently of the
same horizon with the above mentioned, Prof. Emmons agrees with Mr. Lea,
in referring these rocks to the Permian epoch, identified as they are in North

*Mr. Dawson, in Journ. Geological Sec, 1847, stated that the Red Sandstone of Prince
Edward Island and Connecticut may be the same, and may be regarded as a post car-
boniferous deposit of uncertain age.

t Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., May 11th, 18.52, vol. 2, new series, p. 185.

t Journ. Acad. Nat. 8ci., vol 2, new series, p. 195.

? Geology of New Jersey, p. 116.

I Journal Geological Society, 1847.

IfJohnston's Physical Alias, p. 32.

»*Page 15.

ttJournal .Acad. N. S. vol. 2, new series, page 330, 1854.

It Geological Report on North Carolina, p. 272.

ggSee his excellent and thorough Reports of 1856, 18.57,

1^58.]

92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Carolina by the same Saurian forma, plants, scales of fishes and the (so called
mollusc) Posidonia.

In 1855 Mr. Marcou published his " Carte Geologique des Etats-Unis," and
in his explanations published at length, he gives an enormous extent on both
sides of the Rocliy Mountains to the Red Sandstone formation, which he divides
into four sections. As to the Red Sandstone of New Jersey, he places it on a
horizon with the Muschellialk of Germany, the upper portion of the Tria^sic.
(page 58.)

Mr. Lea stated that his chief reasons in 1852 for attributing to these deposits
a greater age than was given to them by other American geologists, arose from
the fact that the .vertebrae and teeth of the Clepsysaurus, which he then described,
were very analogous the Thecodontosaurus antiquus, described by Riley and
Stutsbury from the Magnesian limestone of Bristol, New England.

More recently we have the opinion of Prof Heer, of Zurich, distinguished for
his knowledge of fossil plants and insects, who has examined specimens sent to
him by Prof. Emmons. He states that these plants are characteristic of the
Keuper, and that none of those of Virginia and North Carolina are really Oolitic.
And it seems, too, that Sir Charles Lyell, who has examined so carefully and
frequently these red sandstone rocks in America, has changed his former
opinions, and come to the conclusion that the Richmond and North Carolina
coal series belong to the " Permian, or else to the Bunter sandstone.'*

In a communication made by Prof. Emmons to the American Association of
Science last August, he said that the question of the Permian age of the bitu-
minous slates and lower sandstones of North Carolina must turn upon the age
of the Bristol beds of England, the epoch of which is doubted by some English
geologists. Mr. Lea wished it to be remembered that his conclusions in 1852
were based on the almost universal opinion, in England, that the Bristol beds
were Permian, and he referred the rocks in which were found his Clepsysaiiruf
to the same horizon.

Note. — On the southern side, the New Red Sandstone of Pennsylvania com-
mences on the river Delaware above Morrisville, opposite to Trenton, N, J., pass-
ino^ near Willow Grove, below Norristown, Phoenixville andEphrata, it crosses
the Susquehanna at Bainbridge. On the northern side it commences at Kent-
nerville, on the Delaware, about thirty miles above Morrisville, passing through
Upper Milford township, it crosses the Schuylkill river about two miles below
Reading, and passes out of the State at High Spire, above Middletown, the
width here being reduced to about ten miles.

April 2.1 lh.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Forty members present.

A summary of the transactions of the Biological Department was
read, and the following papers reported for publication in the Proceed-
ings by Committees of the Department, which reports were adopted :

Summary of the Transactions of the Biological Society, reported by
Henry Hartshorne, M. D., Recording Secretary.

Blood Crystals of the Sturgeon, by S. Weir Mitchell, M. D.

The following papers were ordered to be published in the Proceed-
ings:

♦American Journal of Science, 2d series, vol. 24, p. 429.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 93

Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratomm, quae in Expeditione ad
Oceannm Paeificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwala-
daro Einggold et Johanne Eodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit

W. STIMPSON.

Paks. V. CRUSTACEA OCYPODOIDEA.

Cakcinoplacid^.

Pelumxoplax, no v. gen. Carapax depressus, postice latus, margine antero-
lateral! quam postero-laterali breviore. Oculi orbitseqne parvuli, rotuudati.
Antennjfi, antennula; et hectognathopoda, iis Pilumni similia. Palatum colli-
culo plus niinusve divisum. Chelopoda mediocria v. brevia. Pedes anibula-
torii longi, tertii paris plerumque longiores ; dactylis depressis, iis ultimi paris
3at resinais. Veretra (appendices genitales maris,) abdomine tecta, coxalia,
in canaliculo sterni brevi, late aperto ducta. Abdomen maris ad basin latum,
sterni segmentum ultimum celans ; cetero valde angustato ; articulis totis
(iistinctis. Pseudorhombike affinis ; differt carapace angustiore, dactylisque
non styliformibus.

137. Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, noy. sp. Maris carapax antice parce
declivis, postice planatus prope margines laterales angulatus ; superficie nuda,
Isevi, fere sequali ; sulco curvato inter dentem lateralem et regionem genitalem sat
valido. Frons lata, recta, ad medium emarginata ; margine transversim sulcato
vel canaliculate. Antennae graciles, nudae, longitudine dimidiam carapacis ada-
quantes. Orbitae majores. Margo antero-lateralis parce obliqua, quadridentata ;
dente tertio majore, parum elevato. Chelopoda grandiora, Isevia ; mero prope
apicem unidentato ; carpo extus lanoso circum manus basin ; manu brevi,
glabra ; digitis quam palma longioribus, apicibus decussantibus ; digito im-
mobili extus crista submarginali ornato. Pedes ambulatorii longi, graciles, sat
oompressi, parum pilosi, articulo penultimo dactjloque sulcatis. Carapacis
long. 0"325 ; lat. 0"41 poll. Fcemime ? carapax levior, convexior, margine
antero-laterali magis obliqua ; cbelopodis ut in mari.

Hab. — In portu Sinensi "Hong Kong."

138. Pilumnoplax longipes, nov. sp. FcemincB carapax valde depressus,
X>lanatus, subquadratus, antrorsum quam retrorsum vix latior ; superficie Irevi,
sequali, pubescente. Margo antero-lateralis brevissima, rotundata, acuta, den-
tata ; dentibus 4-5 parvis inconspicuis. Orbitse parvuUv, marginibus integris,
parce dilatatis. Frons lata, deflexa, ad medium emarginata ; setis longis in serie
submarginali. Regiones antero-inferiores laeves, glabrae. Chelopoda extus
dense pilosa ; digitis longioribus, gracilibus, subuncinatis, intus irregulariter
deatatis. Pedes ambulatorii lougissimi, valde graciles, pilosi, tertii paris
longiores ; dactylo ultimi paris sat longo. Corpus subtus pubescens. Cara-
pacis long. 0-19;j ; lat. 0-28 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam "Ousima."

139. PiLUMXoPLAx scuLPTUS, uov. sp. Famiiioe carapax fere quadrangnlaris ;
profunde insculptus, areolis numerosis, angustis, saepe curvatis, setosis, dua-
bus post-frontalibus valde prominentibus. Margo antero-lateralis quinque-
dentata, dentibus tuberculiformibus vel paxilliformibus setosis, profunde
.<eparatis. Frons deflexa, emarginata, margine longe ciliata. Oculi pedun-
culus partim setosus. Regio latero-inferior sulcata. Chelopodoram meros
carpusque profunde sculpti, sulcis setosis, prominentiis laevibus ; carpos intus
unidentatus, dente parvulo acuto ; manus extus granulata et setosa, granulis
subseriatis. Pedes ambulatorii setosi, longitudinaliter canaliculati ; secundi
paris parum longiores. Carapacis long. 0.22; lat. 0*28 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Ousima."

1858.]

94 PROCEEDINGS OF TUE ACADEMY OF

140. PiLUMXOPLAx ciLiATUs, nov. gp. Fccmi/ice corporis pedumque margines
anteriores longe et dense ciliati. Carapax latus, antice declivis, postice stib-
planatus parum angustatus. Superficies superior jequalis, pubescens, paene
lasvis, grauulis versus margines sparsis. Sulci longitudinales breves septem e
margiuibus anterioribus orientes, medianus e fronte. Series setarum in regione
frontali submarginalis ; in regionibus orbitalibus bepaticisque marginalis.
Orbita supra subtusque profunde fissa prope angulum externum. Margo
antero-lateralis tri-emarginata, dentibus truncatis quatuor, anteriore cum an-
gulo orbitae coalescente ; dente posteriore parvulo sat acute. Regio subhepatica
post orbitam erosa vel rugulosa. Antennae articulus basalis brevis. Chelo-
poda brevia, aequalia ; meri crista superiore ii-regulariter dentata, dentibus
parvis ; carpo piloso, angulo interno acuto ; manu granulis exasperata, prope
basin digitorum laevi ; digitis rotundatis, deflexis, paruui hiantibus, intus pro-
fande sulcatis, extus partim granulatis. Pedes ambulatorii compressi, pilosi,
tertii paris longiores ; mero superne cristata, crista acuta lajvi ; dactylo ultimi
paris brevi. Carapacis long. 0*38 ; lat. 0-60.

Hab. — In portu " Simoda " Japoniae.

141. Cakcinoplax eburneus, nov. sp. Parvulus. Carapax perlatus, duros,
Icevis, lateribus a^qualiter rotundatis, tumidis, marginatis ; margine antero-
laterali 3-4-dentata, dentibus minutis distantibus. Frons lata, recta, vix
emargiuata. Orbita parva, rotundata, margiuibus integris. Regiones latero-
inferiores turgidae. Palatum colliculo instructum. Area buccalis brevis, antice
perlata, postice angustata. Hectognatbopoda iis C. longimanoe similia ; exog-
natbo vero latiore, dente spinitbrmi praedito ; endognatlu margine externa pro-
funde concava, mero quam ischio multo latiore, apice externo valde producto :
palpo endartbroideo (vix goniartliroideo.) Cbelopoda longa, gracilia, glabra ;
meri niarginibus subpilosis ; carpo parvo ; manu elongata, palma subturgida,
angulis rotundatis ; digitis gracillimis, longitudine palmam adaequantibus, intus
acute dentatis, apicibus uncinatis, decussantibus. Pedes ambulatorii graciles,
margiuibus ciliatis. Veretra in canaliculo brevi, late ajjerto sita. Abdomen
maris fceminjeque triangulare. S Carapacis long. 0-18 ; lat. 0"28.

Hab. — In portu ad insulas " Bonin " ; in fundo limoso prof. 10 org.

Heteroplax, nov. gen. Carapax trapezoides plus minusve transversus,
regione faciei quam carapace vix angustiore. Frons sat lata. Oculi longi,
pedunculis robustis. Antennae longse, graciles ; articulo basali elongato, an-
gusto, mobili, angulo externo biatum orbit* occupante. Epistoma amplum.
Palatum colliculo ad marginem anticum distinctum. Hectognathopodorum
palpus gouiartbroideus. Cbelopoda robusta mediocris longitudinis, digitis
obliquis. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, tertii paris longiores ; dactylis compressis.
Sternum, abdomen, veretraque ut in Pilumnoplace.

142. Heteroplax dextatus, nov. sp. Carapax paullo transversus, ad dentes
laterales parce latior quam ad angulos orbitarum. Superficies glabra ; regioni-
bus inconspicuis. Regio bepatica depressa. Margo lateralis antice dentata,
dentibus inaequalibus quatuor ; angulo orbitae et dente tertio elevato validis,
sat remotis ; dentibus secundo quartoque minutis, inconspicuis. Frons recta,
non emargiuata, margine parce canaliculata. Oculi grandes. Cbelopoda brevia.
laevia, glabra ; mero prope apicem unidentato ; carpo intus unidentato, extus
ad manus basim lanoso. % Carapacis long. 0*300 ; lat. 0*383.

Hab. — Inter insulas Sinenses prope "Hong Kong"; e fundis concbosis ad
prof. 10-15 org. lectus.

143. Heteroplax transversus, nov. sp. //. dentato affinis, carapace multo
latiore, angulo orbita: magis prominente, dente laterali secundo fere obsolete,
tertio minore acutissimo. Oculorum pedunculi longiores. g Carapacis long.
0-26 ; lat. 0-38 poll.

Hab. — In portu "Hong Kong " ; e prof. 10 org.

[April;

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 95

Rhizopid^, fam. nov. prope Gonoplacidas.

Carapax transversus, antice arcuatus, postice perlatus ; antice longitudinali-
ter (non lateraliter) plus miuusve curvatim declivis. Margo antcro-lateralis
parce dentatiis. Regio faciei diinidiam latitudinis carapacis vix sequans. An-
tennulae transversse. Antennarum parte mobili inhiatu interno orbitse jacente.
Oculi parvi, immobiles, firme iuflxi. Palatum coUiculo non divisum. Hectog-
nathopoda ut in Cancroideis, palpo goniarthroideo, exognatlio sat lato, denti-
gero. Sternum latum, articulo ultimo multo exposito. Veretra coxalia, in
canaliculo sterni angusto ducta, plus niinusve exposita. Abdomen maris
foeminaeque e basi angustum. Pedes ambulatorii tertii paris longiores ; quarti
paris dactylo resimo. Species (totae ?) c£ec?e v. myopes. Habitant plerumque
in profundis, inter lacunaria subterranea, fundorum argillaceorum aut luteo-
rum; — e latebris nunquam egredientes (?).

ScALOPiDiA, nov. gen. Carapax postice latior ; antice modice declivis, mar-
gins acuto fere continuo. Orbitse submarginales, non profundae ; oculis
minutis, conglutinatis. Antennae articnlus basalis brevis, frontem non attingens,
fiagello gracili, nudo. Hectognatliopoda maris sat liiantia. Veretra in cana-
liculis non celata.

144. ScALOPiDiA SPINOSIPES, nov. sp. Carapax longitudinaliter sat convexus,
antice regulariter modice declivis, superficie pubescente, punctata, paene Isevi,
antice glabra ; ad angulos postero-laterales transversim parce rugulosa. Regio
gastrica perlata, sulcis distinctis extra orbitas orientibus circumscripta. Re-
giones latero-inferiores Iseves, glabrae ; sutura liorizontali pubescente. Margo
anterior antero-lateralisque fere continua regulariter semicircularis, acuta ;
parte frontali lata, leviter emarginata ; j^arte antero-laterali cum dente uno
mediano minutissimo acuto. Margo postero-lateralis non acutvis. Chelopoda
maris iuequalia, brevia, robusta, extus glabra ; mero trigone, marginibns in-
terno et inferiore acute granulatis, margine superiore ad tertiam anteriorem
unidentato ; carpo quadrate, ad apicem unidentato, dente valido acuto ; manu
majore grandi, brevi, perlata, compressa, glabra ; digitis gracilibus, valde de-
flexis, quam palma longioribus, apioibus incurvatis, marginibus internis prope
bases irregulariter dentatis, dentibus parvis. Pedes ambulatorii longi, tertii
paris quam carapace miilto plus duplo longiores ; — spinulosi, parce pubescentes
etpilosi ; spinulis seriatis, in articulo penultimo majoribus ; dactylis depressis,
marginibus breviter ciliatis. Color albus. S Carapacis long. 0-(j45 ; lat. ad
dentem lateralem, 0*76 ; lat. ad basin pedum amb. tertii paris, 0*87 poll.

Hab. — In sinu oraj Sinensis i^rope "Hong Kong " ; infundo luteo prof, quin-
que org. vulgaris.

RnizoPA, nov. gen. Carapax antice sat declivis, lateribus postice parallelis.
Orbitae in margine anteriore excavatae. Oculi minuti ; pedunculis mediocris
magnitudinis, in orbitis conglutinatis. Antennae articiilus basalis ilrme infixus,
parte mobili gracili, nuda. Hectognathopoda pauUo hiantia. Veretra celata.

145. Rhizopa gracilipes, nov. sp. Corpus pedesque breviter pubescentia*
Carapax antice sat declivis, postice parum declivis ; superficie laevi, rogionibus
raedianis sat distinctis, sulcis genitalibus profundis. Regionis frontalis sulcus
medianus validus linearis. Lateraparallela, marginibus obtusis. Margo antero-
lateralis parce acutus, postice bi-emargiuatus, fissuris inconspicuis. Frontis
margo rectus. Oculi pauUo tumidi. Clielopoda brevia, marginibus ciliatis ;
mero prope apicem unidentato ; carpo ad apicem dente longo instructo ; manu
compressa, supra infraque cristata, extus glabra ; digitis latis, intus dentatis.
Pedes ambulatorii graciles, parum pilosi, dactylis longioribus. Abdomen
foeminae minuens, acutum, margine ciliato. % Carapacis long. 0*20 ; lat.
0-251 poll.

Hab, — In portu "Hong Kong."

Typhlocarcinus, nov. gen. Carapax antice valde declivis, lateribus postice
1858.]

96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

fere parallelis. Margo antero-lateralis parce dentatus. Orbitse in margine
anteriore excavatae, parvse, profuudse, oculorum pedunculos includeiites, qui
iinmobiles, quamvis non conglutinati. Oculi obsoleti. Antennae articulus
basalis parvus, brevis, flagello gracili, nudo. Hectognatbopoda vix biautia.
Veretra plerumque non celata.

146. Typhlocarcinus npdus, nov. sp. Carapax latus, lateribus parallelis,
superficie nuda, fere Isevi, glabra ; regionibus indistinctis ; regione brancbiali
postice obsolete granulata. Margo antero-lateralis postice leviter 2-3-emar-
ginatus. Orbitee parvse, rotundatse v. breviter ovatse. Frons angusta, profunda
emarginata ; angulis externis parum prominentibus. Area buccalis antrorsum
minuens. Hectognatbopoda minus liiantia ; meri angulo externo rotundato ;
exognatbo valde angusto. Chelopoda sat grandia, nuda, psene Isevia ; manu
oblonga, glabra, superne acuta, crista granulata inferne marginata ; digitis
longis, gracilibus, apicibus acutis decussantibus ; dactylo costato, costis Isevi-
bus. Pedes ambulatorii gracillimi, Iseves, fere nudi. -t, Carapacis long. 0"21 ;
lat. 0-295 poll.

Hah. — In portu "Hong Kong."

147. Ttphlocaecinps villosus, nov. sp. Corpus pedesque supra infraque
pubescentia aut villosa. Carapacis latitude mediana quam posterior major.
Superficies psene sequalis, sparsim granulata. Regiones medianse solum dis-
tinctas. Margo antero-lateralis extus tridentatus, dentibus parvis granulatis.
Frons angusta. sat prominens, margine bilobata. Oi-bitse ociilique villo celatse.
Regiones antero-inferiores convexae, turgidae. Chelopoda robusta, inaequalia,
extus subtiliter granulata ; granulis in manu subseriatis ; digitis brevibus,
intus unidentatis, dente parvo, mediano. Pedes ambulatorii breviores, robus-
tiores, ciliati ; dactylis longis, gracilibus, acutis. Abdomen maris minuens,
extremitate obtusa. % Carapacis long. 0*28 ; lat. 0'37 poll.

Hah. — In portu "Hong Kong" ; e fundo conchoso prof. 8 org. acceptus.

Ceratoplax, nov. gen. Carapax postice latior, antrorsum et retrorsum
longitudinaliter declivis ; marginibus anteriore et lateralibus acutis, ciliatis.
Regiones latero-inferiores excavate. Orbitae in margine anteriore leviter exca-
vatae. Oculi conglutinati, compressi, margine acuto, ciliato. Frons angusta,
deflexa, valde prominens. Antennae grandes, articulo basali rectangulari,
mobili ; ilagello longo ciliato. Epistoma sat longum. Hectognatbopoda par-
va, antrorsum latiora, non biantia ; meri angulo externo prominente. Pedes
compressi, marginibus ciliatis.

148. Ceratoplax ciliatps, nov. sp. Corpus transversim senricjlindricum,
supra convexum, subtus planatum ; sterni dimidia posteriore perpendiculari.
Margines carapacis, antennarum et pedum ambulatoriorum ciliati. Carapax
subtrapezoidc'^, superficie aequali, niida, glabra, sparsim punctata, punctis
saepius regiones circumscribentibus. Margo lateralis acutus, non dentatus,
post angulum antero-lateralem obtusum fere rectus. Antennje tertiam partem
longitudinis carapacis superantes. Frons emarginata. Regie subhepatica
ooncava. Chelopoda brevia ; carpo convexo, punctato, intus unidentato ;
manu lata, extus glabra, depress©- granulata, inferne crista marginata ; digitis
brevibus, obliqtiis, non hiantibus. Pedes ambulatorii lati, compressi, super-
iicie glabra sparsim punctata ; dactylis gracilibus parum compressis, quam
articuHs penultimis vix brevioribus. Abdomen ad medium subdilatatum,
extremitate rotundata. Carapax miniatus ; pedes albidi ; digiti fusci. $ Car-
apacis long. 0-21 ; lat. 0-242 poll.

Hah. — In mari Sinensi boreali, lat. 22°; e fundo arenoso prof. 20. org.

MACEOPHTHALMIDiE,

149. Macrophthalmus telescopicus, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition,
Crust, i. p. 314. Gelasimus telescopicus, Owen ; Zool. Beechey's Voy. p. 78, pi.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 97

xxiv. f. 1. Macr. podophthalmus, Eyd. et Soul. ; Voy. Bonite, Crust, pi. iii. f.
fi-7. — In portu "Napa" insulce Loo Choo"-; e fundo luteo prof. 10 org.

150. Macrophthalmus serkatus, White ; Voy. Samarang, Crust, p. 51. (?)
Carapax quadratus, postice latior, superficie confertim granulata ; margine
lateral! acuto, quadridentato, dente posteriore parvulo ad tertiam posteriorem
longitudinis partem sito. Pedes ambulatorii villosi non pectinati. $ Cara-
pacis long. 0*85 ; lat. maxima, postice, 1"19 poll.

Hab. — In fretis prope "Hong Kong"; in fundis limosis prof. 4-8 org.
vulgaris.

151. Macrophthalmus dentatus, nov. sp. Carapax latus, superne nudus,
pauUo insequalis, glaber, costis longitudinalibus plicatis paullo conspicuis prope
angulos postero-laterales. ' Margo lateralis dentatus, dentibus parvulis qua-
tuor fere totam longitudinem occupantis ; angulo orbitae non incluso valde
prominente acuto. Frons perangusta. Oculi longi, extremitates orbitarum
vix attingentes. Clielopoda angulata, laevia, glabra ; digitis brevibus ; digito
immobili brevissimo, intus dente mediano magno triangulari denticulum
unum antice gerente ; dactylo intus bidentato, dente uno ad basim, altero
minore proximo. Pedes ambulatorii laeves vix birsuti ; mero prope apicem
unispinuloso. $ Carapacis long. 0-31 ; lat. maxima, (inter angulos orbitarum,)
0-52 poll.

Hab. — In portu "Hong Kong " ; fundo limoso, sex org.

152. Macrophthalmus convexus, nov. sp. Carapax latus, latitudine maxima
ad angulos orbitarum ; postice convexus ; superficie Isevi, glabra, lateribus
paullo granulosis exceptis. Regiones distinctse. Regio branchialis postice
prope marginem turgidulse, prominentiis duabus granulatis. Margo lateralis
carinatus antice bi-emargiuatus ; incisura posteriore inconspicua ; angulo
orbitse valido acuto. Orbita obliqua, margine inferiore serrato. Manus digi-
tique intus pilosi ; digitis intus unidentatis ; dente prope basim ut in 31. Paci-
fico. Pedes ambulatorii Iseves ; mero dente prope apicem minuto. Maris

(junioris ?) carapacis long. 0*34 ; lat. 0'59 poll.
Hab. — Ad insulam "Loo Choo."

153. Macrophthalmus Pacificus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 314 ; pi. xix. f. 4. — Ad
insulam "Loo Choo."

Ch^enostoma, nov. gen, Cleistostomati affinis, sed hectognathopodis hiantibus.
Ab Euplace differt hectogiiathopodorum mero longitudine ischium adequante ;
— a Metaplace, crista obliqua pilifera nulla.

154. CnffiNosTOMA oRiENTALE. Chistostoma Boscii, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 313 ; pi.
xix. f. 3. (vix 31. Boscii, Auct.) — Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

155. Ch^nostoma crassimanus, nov. sp. Carapax quadratus, postice sat
convexus ;-^modice areolatus, sulco profundo mediano in regione pregastrica
postice bifurcato ; superficie inequali, mediana glabra, laterali nigulosa et
pilosa. Margo lateralis post angulum orbitse leviter emarginata. Oculi longi,
crassi, angulos orbitarum vix superantes. Frons lata, deflexa, inferne late
iubtruncata. Margo infra-orbitalis crenulatus. Arese buccalis margo anticiis
valde sinuatus. Hectognathopoda sat lata, rhomboidice hiantia ; mero vix
longiore quam lato. Chelopoda robusta, extus laevia, intus pilosa ; manu
crassissima, tumida, rotundata, extus glabra, digitis brevibus acutis ; dactylo
intus unidentato, dente valido mediano ; digito immobili intus crenulato. Pedes
ambulatorii compressi, paene laeves, parce canaliculati ; mero valde piloso,
reliquis vix pilosis. Abdomen maris sat latum, articulo tertio utrinque tumi-
dulo. % Carapacis long. 0-2(5 ; lat. 0.341.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

156. Metaplax longipes, nov. sp. Corpus parvum, pedes grandes. Cara-
pax ad medium latior, superficie paullo inaequali, mediana et antica glabra,
1858-]

98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

punctata ; areolis lateralibus transversis, conspicuis, sulcis ab incisuris mar-
ginalibus orientibus. Superficies postero-lateralis pubescens, bistriata, stria
anteriore transversa, posteriore obliqua. Regio frontalis lata, longitudinaliter
profunde et late excavata. Margo lateralis tri-emarginatus, incisura an-
teriore profunda, dente valido subelevato separante ; reliquis levibus. Oculi
mediocres, pedunculis crassis. Margo infra-orbitalis septenilobatus, lobis
glabris rotundatis, interno majore curvato. Epistoma amplum, convexum.
Regiones antero-inferiores extus pubescentes, intus granulatae et sulcatae ;
rima profunda prope lobum internum marginis infra-orbitalis. Hectognatho-
podorum crista obliqua pilifera valde prominente. Chelopoda mediocria ;
meri marginibus serrulatis ; manu oblonga Isevi, intus tumida ; digitis bianti-
bus intus regulariter denticulatis, apicibus intus excavatis. Pedes anibulatorii
longi, ad basim pubescentes ; secuudi tertiique paris longissimi, robusti, arti-
culo penultimo dense tomentoso ; dactylis leviter conipressis quinquecostatis,
extremitatibus gracilibus acutissimis. Abdominis maris articuli toti distincti,
articulus ultimus angustatus, stemo contiguo crista marginato. % Carapacis
long. 0'46 ; lat. 0'61 ; pedum amb. secundi paris long. 1'38 poll.
Hub. — In portu "Hong Kong."

Iltoplax, nov. gen. Corpus quadratum crassissimum, tenellum. Frons,
antennas, antennulae, orbitaeque lis Macrophthalmi similes ; fronte quamvis
latiore. Hectognatbopoda tumida r. salientia, non biantia, exognatbo celato,
palpigero ; mero quam iscMo longiore ; iscbio linea pilifera obliqua juxta meri
commisura ornato ; palpo prosarthroideo. Cbelopoda sequalia. Pedes ambula-
toril subrobusti, secundi paris longiores ; meri faciebus submembranaceis.
Sternum et abdomen fere ut in Macrophthalmo. Species in aquis subsalinis
babitans, limicola.

157. Ilyoplax tenellus, nov. sp. Carapax fere quadrangulus, angulis an-
tero-lateralibus obtusis ; latere parce convexo, linea acuta breviter .setosa
postice bifurcata marginato, furca inferiore ad basim pedum amb. 2di paris
decurrente. Superficies superior inconspicue areolata ; mediana Isvi glabraque :
laterali inaequali, striis transversis subtuberculatis setosis omata. Regio
frontalis longitudinaliter late sulcata. Frontis margo inferior ad angulos subdi-
latatus. Regiones latero-inferiores non sulcatse, granulis setiferis regulariter
obtectae. Cbelopoda majora ; manu laevi, digitis deflexis, gracilibus, introrsum
curvatis excavatisque, palmam longitudine adequantibus ; dactyli dente me-
diano valido. Pedes anibulatorii superne partim setosi et tomentosi ; 2di
.3tiique paris meri latere postico dense tomentoso. J Carapacis long. 0"27 :
lat. 0-415 poll.

Hab. — In fluvio prope urbem Sinensem "Canton"; littoralis, limicola, in
aquis subsalinis.

DOTILLID^.

"DoTo"nomen De Haanii prseoccupatum est; (vide Doto, Oken, Moll..
1815 ;) — appelatio nova "Dotella" proposita est.

158. DoTtLLA MYCTiRoiDES. Doto myctiroides, M. Edwards ; Melanges Car-
cinologiques, p. 116, pi. iv. f. 24. — In freto "^Gaspar."

159. ScopiMERA TUBERCULATA, uov. sp. Carapax ad bases pedum ambiala-
toriorum autici paris sat latus, dorso multo angustiore, margine laterali ciliato.
Superficies insequalis, prominentiis tuberculisque omata ; sulcis inter regionibus
medianis et lateralibus validis, irregularibus ; latere longitudinaliter sulcato,
sulco submarginali. Regiones laterales granulis setiferis obtectse, inferne con-
fertis. Orbita ampla, obliqua, bene excavata, extus dente parvulo instructa.
Hectognatbopoda convexa, naero dimidiam iscbii longitudine superante, com-
misura ubliqLia ; palpo fere exarthroideo. Cbelopoda aequalia, elongata, cara-
pace plus duplo longiora, sed quam pedes amb. primi paris breviora. PedeF
ambulatorii minuentes, subtus setis rigidis nigris sparsim fimbriati ; meri

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 99

tjrmpanis ut in S. globosa. Abdomen ei S. globosoe simile. % Carapacis long.
0-36 ; lat. 0-6 poll.

Ilab. — In porta "Simoda" Japonise ; littoralis, fossores in vadis luteis.

Myctirid^.

160. Mtctiris longicakpus, Latreille ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
37 ; Mel. Carcin. p. 118. — In sinu " Botany Bay " ; Australia.

161. Mtctiris brevidacttlcs, nov. sp. (An = M. deflexifrons, De Haan,
White, cujus descriptionem nuUam invenio.) Carapax brevis, globosus, paene
laevis ; regionibus branchialibus minus inflatis, subtilissime granulatis ; regione
genitali depressa, lineis longitudinalibus duabus impressis parallelis marginata.
Spina brevis, gracilis, obtusa, prope angulum orbitae externum. Chelop'oda iis
M. longicarpi similia, pauUo robustiora. Pedes ambulatorii robustiores, dactylis
brevibus, crassis ; dactylo pedum ultimi paris resimo, trigone, angulis ciliatis.
M. longicurpo affinis, sed corpore crassiore, dactylisque brevioribus. % Cara-
pacis long. 0-682 ; lat. 0-639 poll.

Hab. — Ad oras meridianas Sinenses et ad insulani " Loo Choo " ; littoralis.
Vulgaris.

162. Mtctiris platycheles, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. p. 118. — In sinu
" Botany Bay " Australiae.

OcYPODIDjB.

163. Gelasimus vocaxs, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. p. 109. pi. iii. f. 4. Can-
cer vocans, Humph. Gelasimus nitidus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 316, pi. xix. f. 5. — In
portu "Hong Kong," et ad insulam "Loo Choo " ; littoralis, in locis arenosis.

164. Gelasimus dubius, nov. sp. Carapax et frons ut in G. vocante, nisi
carapace retrorsum angustato. Orbitae magis obliquae. Anguli antero-laterales
acute prominentes. Margo infra-orbitalis crenulatus, extremitate externa an-
gulata. Chelopodi grandis mero superne spinuloso ; manu valida, palma
extus granulata v. tuberculata, intus crista ei G. vocantis simili sed minus
prominente ; digitis latiusculis, extus sulcatis, marginibus internis fere rectis,
irregulariter denticulatis, dentibus 2-3 majoribus. Pedum ambulatorium merus
sat dilatatus ; dactylis ut in G. vocante. % Carapacis long. 0-522; lat. 0-82:
maniis long. 1-22 ; lat. 0-44 poll. G. acuta parce affinis, sed regionibus distinc-
tioribus, et dactylis compressis pilosisque. Forsitau G. forcipato, Wliite,
affinis, sed lineis marginalibus carapacis indistinctis.

Hab. — Ad insulam "Loo Choo."

165. Gelasimcs acutus, nov. sp. Carapax retrorsum valde angustatus, an-
gulis antero-lateralibus prominentibus, acutissimis ; lineis marginalibus dis-
tinctis. Frons sat angusta, non constricta. Margo infra-orbitalis versus an-
gulum externum acutum crenulatus ; lobo suborbitali interno convexo. In re-
gione subhepatica crista sat distincta ad marginem iufra-orbitalem parallela.
superficie interjacentelaevi. Manus major extus valide granulata, intus cristis
tuberculatis armata ; digitis quam palma non longioribus, extus sulcatis, mar-
ginibus internis dentatis, dente mediano majore, dente valido subterminali
nullo. Pedes ambulatorii laeves, nudi ; mero sat dilatato sed minus quam in
G. brevipede ; dactylis parvis gracilibus. Color albus. % Carapacis long. 0-39 ;
lat. 0-67 ; maniis majoris long. 0-83 ; lat; 0-36 jwU.

Hab. — Prope portum "Macao," Sinensem.

166. Gelasimcs splexdidus, nov. sp. Carapax longitudinaliter perconvexus,
antice perlatus, angulis antero-lateralibus validis, prominentibus ; lineis mar-
ginalibus distinctis ; fronte lata, subtruncata. Margo infra-orbitalis crenulatus,
angulo externo late rotundato. Manus major maris grandis, paene laevis, intus
leviter armata, crista obliqua serie unica granulorum ornata ; crista ad basin
digiti paene obsoleta ; digitis longis gracillimis leviter denticulatis ; digito im-
mobili ad apicem excavate. Carapax ianthinus, transversim nigro-fasciatus el
1858.]

100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

maculatus. Manus grandis pallide-rubra. Pedes amb. purpureo-variegati.
S Carapacis long. 0-49 ; lat. 0-78 ; manus long. 1-35 ; lat. 0-48 poll. G. Gai-
mardi affinis, fronte minus producta, et subtruncata.
Hah. — Ad oras insulae "Hong Kong" ; palustris.

167. Gelasimus pulchellus, nov. sp. G. anmilipedi affinis, sed manu maris
majore intus cristis duabus tuberculatis ad basin digitorum ornata ; extuslsevi,
cicatrice triansculari prope basin digiti immobilis. % Carapacis long. 0*398 ;
lat. 0-605 ; mamis long. 0-89 ; lat. 0'^33 poll.

Hah. — Ad insnlam "Tahiti" ; in sestuariis arenosis.

168. GELAsnius lacteus, De Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 54, pi. xv.
f. 5. M. Edwards; Mel. Carcin. p. 114. pi. iv. f. 16. In freto " Cum-sing-
moon " et in portu ' ' Macao ' ' Sinensibus ; littoralis in locis limosis lapidosisque.

169. OcYPODE CURSOR, Dc Haan ; loc. cit. p. 29 ; M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin.
106. Cancer cursor, Belon. Ocypode ippeus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
47. — Ad insulas " Cape de Verdes."

170. Ocypode ceratophthalma, Fabr. ; Suppl. 347. M. Edwards ; Mel. Car-
cin. 105. Cancer ceratophthalrnus, Pallas. Ocypode hrevicornis, Dana; loc.
cit. i. 326. pi. XX. f. 3. — Ad insulas "Hawaii," "Loo Choo, " "Ousima,"
"Benin " et " Tahiti," etiam in portu " Hong Kong," Sinensi.

171. Ocypode coxvexa, nov. sp. Cai-apax turgidus, postice et supra pedum
posticorum bases dilatatus ; angulo antero-laterali prominente, acuto, post
quem margine laterali recto vel paullo concave ; superficie psene Isevi, granulis
depressis confertis. Oculi ad apicem non producti. Margo suborbitalis prope
medium leviter emarginatus. Dens suborbitalis internus conicus, bifurcatus
vel denticulatus. Area buccalis grandis, lateribus convexis. Hectognathopoda
paullo hiantia, superficie glabra, partim inaequali, non granulata ; mere vix
sulcato. Manus major brevis, infeme dilatata, superficie leviter granulata,
marginibus leviter dentatis, digitis compressis. Manus minor digiti producti
valde compressi, subtruncati. Pedes ambulatorii vix rugulosi. Abdominis
foeminse articulus penultimus profunde sinuatus. 9 Carapacis long. 0*92 ; lat.
inter angulos orbitarum, 0*96 poll.

Hah. — In portu " Simoda."

172. Ocypode coRDiiiANA, Desmarest ; Consid. sur les Crust, p. 121. M. Ed-
wards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 45. — In portu "Hong Kong" et ad insulam
"Loo Choo."

173. Ocypode l^vis, Dana; loc. cit. i. 325, pi. xx. f. 2. — In portu " Hilo"
Insulae ' ' Hawaii. ' '

Gecarcixid^.

174. Cardisoma Gpanhumi, Latr. ; M. Edw. Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 24;
lUust. Cuv. R. A. pi. XX. f. 1. — Ad insulam "St. Jago," archipelagi "Cape
de Verdes."

175. Cardisoma obesum, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 375, pi. xxiv. f. 1. C. Urvillei.
M. Edwards; MeL Carcin. 190.— Ad insulam "Tahiti."

176. Cardisoma hirtipes, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 376, pi. xxiv. f. 2.— Ad insulam
"Loo Choo" ; palustris.

BOSCIAD^.

177. PoTAMOCARCiNus ARMATus, M. Edwards ; Arch, du Mus. vii. 174. pi. xiii.
f. 3. — In lacu "Nicaragua."

THELPHUSIDiE.

Geothelphusa, nov. gen. Thelphusae. affinis, crista post-frontali obsoleta,
margine antero-laterali integro. Species terrestres,

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 101

178. G-EOTHEiiPHUSA Dehaani. Thelphusa Berardi, De Haan, loc. cit. 52
pi. vi. f. 2. T. Dehaani, White ; Cat. Brit. Mus. 1847, p. 30 ; M. Edwards :
Mel. Carcin. p. 178 (1852). — Ad insulas " Amakirrima."

179. Geothelphusa obtusipes, nov. sp. Carapax antice declivis, lobulis pre-
gastricis paullo prominentibus ; postice planulatus ; superficie confertira punc-
tata. Sutura transversa mediana profunde impressa. Superficies postero-
lateralis transversim ruguloso-striata. Margo antero-lateralis cristata, crista
denticulata vel tuberculata. Chelopoda niediocria carpo superne rugoso, intus
bidentato, dente inferiore inconspicao ; manu sparsim tuberculata. Pedes ambu-
latorii graciles, articulo penultimo supra infraque spinuloso, dactylis usqiae
ad extremitates dense spinulosis, quasi obtusis. 2 Carapacis long. 0*722 : lat.
0*915 poll. 6r. Dehaani sat afiinis.

180. Thelphusa perlata, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 13 ; Krauss :
Sudafr. Crust. 37. — In rivulis prope vicum " Constantia, " ad Promontorium
Bonae Spei.

181. Parathelphbsa sinensis, M. Edwards ; Arch., du Mus. vii. 173, pi. xiii.
f. 2. — Prope urbem "Canton" Sinensem ; in aquis subsalinis fluvii.

Geapsid^.*

182. Metopograpsds thukuhar, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. p. 131. Grapsus

* Characteres subgenerum grapsi.

GoNiopsis, De Haan, M. Edw. Goniograpsi pars, Dana. Latera recta, dente nwr-
ginali uno post angulum orbitre. Frons perpendicularis, dimidiam carapacis latiludinis
superans. Lobus suborbitalis internus frontem attingens. Antennee subfrontales. Hec-
tognathopoda gracilia, mero longitudine ischium adeequante. Species palustres, in KStuariis
habitantes. G. cruentalus.

Metopograpsus, M. Edwards. Grapsi pars, De Haan ; Pachygrapn pars, Randal] ;
Goniograpsi pars, Dana. Latera recta, dente uno vel nullo post angulum orbitae. Frons
valdedeflexa, dimidiam carapacis latitudinis superans. Lobus suborbitalis internus brevis.
latus, frontem fere attingens. Antenna? subfrontales, articuli basalis angulo externo vix
product©. Hectognathopodorum merus brevis, multo latior quam loiigus. Littorales. in
locis lapidosis portuum protectorum habitantes. G. thukuhar, messor, oceanicus, etc.

PACHycRAPsus, Randall, restrictum. Grapsi pars, De Haan ; Goniograpsi pars, Dana :
Leptograpsi pars, M. Edwards. Carapax postice subangustatus, lateribus pcene rectis.
dentibus duobus, uno, vel nullo, post angulum orbitae. Frons dimidia carapacis non
angustior, modice defle.xa. Lobus suborbitalis internus parvus, dentiformis, frontem non
attingens; hiatu lato. Antennee laterales, articuli basalis angulo externo valde producto.
apicem lobi suborbitalis attingente v. superante. Hectognathopoda latiora, mero quair.
ischio multo breviore. Littorales, inter lapides habitantes.

G. marmoratus, crassipes, plicatus, etc.

Leptograpsus, M. Edwards, restrictum. Grapsi pars, Dana. Latera arciiata, denti-
bus duobus post angulum orbitx. Frons dimidia carapacis latitudinis anuustior. vix
deflexa. Lobus suborbitalis internus parvulus, dentiformis, frontem non attingens; hiatu
lato. Antennae laterales, articuli basalis angulo externo producto sed apicem lobi subor-
bitalis non attigente. Hectognathopodorum merus ajque longus ac latus, quam ischio
brevior. Littorales, rupicolae ad oras oceanicas. G. variegatus, planifrons, etc.

Grapsus, Lamarck, restrictum. Goniopsidis pars, De Haan. Latera arcuata, dente
uno post angulum orbitcB. Frons dimidia carapacis latitudinis angustior, valde deflexa.
Lobus suborbitalis internus elongatus, subspiniforinis, fronti non junctus. Antenna in
rimis inter frontem et lobum jacentes ; articuli basalis angulo externo parum producto
Hectognathopoda gracilia, mero oblongo. Littorales, rupicolEe ad oras oceanicas. G. pictur
strigosus, etc.

Geograpsus, nov. gen. Grapsi pars, M. Edwards, Dana ; Goniopsidis pars, De Haan.
Latera antice convexa, postice recta ; dente uno post angulum orbits. Frons dimidia
carapacis latitudinis angustior, et valde deflexa. Lobus suborbitalis internus sat grandis
dentiformis, frontem attingens. .^ntennrc breves, articuli basalis angulo externo non
producto. Hectognathopoda gracilia, mero quam isohio vix breviore. Pulvinuli ad
bases pedum ambulatoriorum medianorum validi. Species terrestres. sepius prope ripaf
rivulorum habitantes.

G. lividus, crinipes, etc.

Nautilograpsus, M, Edwards. PZanes, Bell, Dana. Carapax angustus, lateribus parce

1858.]

102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

thukuhar, O^en ; Zool. Beechey's Voy. 80, pi. xxiv. f. 3. — Ad iusulas "Bonin,"
" Hawaii" et " Tahiti" ; littoralis, ra portubus protectis.

183. Metopograpscs qfadridej<-tatijs, nov. sp. Carapax quadrangulus, pos-
tice sat angustatus, Isevis, glaber, antice et lateraliter modice striatus. Lobulae
pregastric* miuus prominentes. Regio frontalis concava, Levis ; fronte lata
modice deflexa, margine undiilato, acute crenulato. Margo lateralis dente uno,
acutissimo, post angiilum orbitse. Chelopodoriim meri margo internus dentibus
3 — 4 parvis tuberculifonnibus prope basim, et dentibus quatuor acutis ad an-
guluni anticum arniatus, dente extemo compresso valde prominente ; margo
exterior convexus ; carpus superne subsquamosus, angulo interno compresso 2-3
dentato ; manus superne intus infraque obsolete tuberculosa, extus laevis. Pedes
ambulatorii sparsim hirsuti, meri spinis v. dentibus terminalibus validis.

% Carapacis long. 0.74 ; lat. 0.90 poll. M. oceanico affinis, differt carapace mani-
busque levioribus.

^ab. — In freto " Cum-sing-moon" prope "Hong Kong" ; littoralis.

184. Pachygrapsus MAKSiOEATtrs. Cancer marmoratus, Fabr. Grapsus
varius. Latr. Leptograpsus marmoratus, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carciu. 137. — Ad
insulam Madeirse.

185. Pachygrapsus crassipes, Randall; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhQad. viii.
127. In portu "Simoda," Japonije, et ad oras Californise.

186. Pachygkapsus smPLEX. Goniograpsus simplex, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 344,
pi. xxi. f. 8. — Madeira.

187. Pachygrapsus in^'otatus. Goniograpsus innotafs, Dana ; loc. cit. i.
345, pi. xxi. f. 9. — Ad insulam Madeirse ; littoralis rater rupes.

188. Pachygrapsus L^vrMASus, nov. sp. P. innotato rugulosoque affinis sed
carapace angustiore, Iseviore ; carpo paene Isevi, maniis crista extero-inferiore
obsoleta. Antennae articulus basaUs latior ; hiatu interno orbitse majore. Cara-
pax transverse confertim nigro-lineatus et maculatus. % Carapacis long. 0.54 ;
lat. 0.65 poll.

g^ah. — In portu " Jacksoni" vel "Sydney" Australise ; inter lapides.

189. Pachygrapsus plicatus. Grapsus plicatus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 89. — Ad insulam " Loo Cboo."

190. Leptograpsus tariegatus, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 137. Grapsus
variegatus, Latr. — In portu Jacksoni Australiensi.

191. Grapsus rudis, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 87. G. hirtus,
Randall. — Ad insulas " Bonin."

192. Grapsus strigosus, LatreHle ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 87 :
Mel. Carcin. p. 135. — In freto " Gaspar ;" in portu " Hong Kong" ; et ad in-
sulam "Loo Choo."

193. Grapsus Webbi, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. p. 133. G. strigosus, Bi-ulle.
Ad insulas "Madeira" et "Cape de Verdes."

194. Grapsus losgipes, nov. sp. G. strigoso valde affinis, sed pedibus am-
bulatoriis gracUioribus, quam latitudine carapacis plus duplo longiores. A
G. longitarsis differt fronte magis dilata, regione gastrica minus tuberculata,
dactylis magis spinulosis. 1 Carapacis long. 1.22 ; lat. 1.34 poll.

j£ah. — In portu " Hong Kong," et ad insulam "Kikaisima."

convexis, dente uno rudimentari post angulum orbitas. Fronsdimidia carapacis latior, vix
deflexa. Lobus suborbitalis internus parvulus, frontem non attingens, — hiatu perlato.
Antennulae grandes. Hectognathopoda sat lata, mero latiore quam longo. Pedes postici
compressi. felagicoe inter algas natantes habitantes.
G. minutus, cyaneus, etc.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 103

195. Grapsus scbqfadratcs, nov. sp. G. strigoso affinis. Carapax sul>-
quadratus, antice latus, lateribiis minus arcuatis ; striis transversis branchiali-
bus validis, extensis, in media parte angusta carapacis solum mterruptis.
Regio gastrica antice valdetuberculata, tuberculis numerosis subcristiformibus.
Frons brevis, partim tuberculata, margine crenulata. Carpi spina interna
longa gracilis acuta. Pedes ambulatorii quam latitude carapacis accurate duplo
longiores ; meri spinis validis; dactylis longioribus. 5 Carapax long. 1-11;
lat. 1-26 poll. In frontis dactylorumque characteribus G. longitarsis affinis,
sed striis branchialibus longioribus.

Hah. — Ad insulas Hawaienses.

196. Geograpsus rubidus, nov. sp. G. crinipede affinis, dactylis longis ; sed
lateribus convexis, et striis infernis maniis validioribus et minus numerosis.

% Carapacis long. 1-12 ; lat. 1-31 poll.

Hah. — Ad insulas "Bonin"; inter folia^ putrida et sub lapidibus prope
rivulo montano.

197. Nautilograpsus minutup, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 90.
Cancer minutus, Linne. Grapsus cinereiis, Say. Planes minutus, Dana. — In
mari Atlantic© boreali ; vulgaris in Sargasso.

198. Nautilograpsus axgustatus, nov. sp. Carapax angustus, glaber ; lateri-
bus parallelis ; regione brancliiali leviter striata ; lobulis gastricis paulo dis-
tinctis ; regione frontali parce concava. Frons valde prominens, margine leviter
sinuato. Margo lateralis fere rectus, antice acutus, postice obtusus, dente uno
parvulo post angulum orbitae. Pedes ambulatorii compressi, non latissimi.
A N. minuto, cyaneoque diversa, carapace angustiore, superficie minus Jequali.
A iV. imsillo, carapace angustiore et dente laterali minus prominente. V J^^n.
(?) carapacis long. 0-24 ;lat. 0-21 poll.

Hah. — In mari Pacifico, lat. bor. 34*=', long. occ. 155°.

199. Plagusia tomextosa, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 92. — Ad
Promontorium Bonse Spei, in sinu "Simon's Bay."

200. Plagusia de2s'tipes, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 58, pi. viii. f. 1. — In portu
"Simoda."

201. Plagusla squamosa, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 268. Cancer squamosus, Herbst.
— Ad insulam Madeirse.

202. Plagusla oriextalis. P. sqtiamosus, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. p. 144.
— Prope portum "Hong Kong" ; et ad insulas Hawaienses.

203. Plagusia depressa, Latreille ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 93,
Dana ; loc. cit. i. 369. Cancer depressus, Fab. — In freto " Gaspar" vulgaris ;
etiam in portu "Hong Kong," ad insulas "Loo Choo" et " Tomboro" vel
" New Ireland."

204. AcANTHOPUS planissimus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 137. Cancer planissimus,
Herbst. Plagusia clainmana, Desm., M. Edwards. — Ad insulas "Madeira" in
mari Atlantico, et " Bonin" et " Hawaii" in mari Pacifico.

205. Varuna litterata, M. Edwards ; Diet, class. d'Hist. Nat. xvi. 511.
(1830.) Cancer litteratus,¥a,'br. ; Herbst ; loc. cit. ii. 58, pi. xlviii. f. 4. Trick-
opus litteratus, De Haan, 1835 ; Dana ; 1. c. i. 336. — Prope urbem " Canton"
Sinensem ; in sestuarium natans ; etiam in freto "Gaspar," et ad insulam "Loo
Choo."

206. Eriochirus Japonicus, De Haan ; loc. cit. 59, pi. xvii. M. Edwards :
Mel. Carcin. 142. — In sinu " Hakodadi " insulae " Jesso " Japonia; ; in aestuariis.

207. Eriochirus rectus, nov. sp. Carapax depressus, antice angustatus ;
superficie subin?equali, laevi, confertim punctata. Lobulse epigastricas parum
prominentes. Frontis margo undulatus, obscure quadrilobatus, sinu mediano

1858.]

104 PROCEEDINGS OE THE ACADEMY OP

laevi. Margines laterales psene recti, convergentes, dentibus utrinque quataor
ut in E. Japonico, dente postico fere obsolete. Manus extus dense lanosa :
digitis valde sulcatis. Pedes ambulatorii sat graciles ; mero superne ciliato :
dactylis brevioribus minus curvatis. 9 Carapacis long. 0.92 ; lat. maxima.
0.975 poU. E. Japonico affinis, sed lateribus non convexis, fronteque minns
sinuata.
Hab. — In aestuario prope portum Sinensem " Macao."

208. Hetekogkapsps pexicellatus. Eriocheir penicillatus, De Haan ; loc. cit.
60; pi. xi. f. 6. — In sinu prope "Hong Kong" ; Uttoralis, sub lapidibus in
arenis. In j)ortu " Simoda " Japoniae ; vulgatissimus in aestuario limoso, inter
lapides.

209. Heterograpsus Oeegoxessis. Pseudograpsus Oregonensis, Dana ; loc.
cit. i. 334, pi. XX. f. 6. — In portu " San Francisco."

210. Heterograpsus sangpixeus, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 159. Grapsuf
sanguineus, De Haan; loc. cit. 58, pi. xvi. f. 3. — Ad oras freti "Tsugar"
Japoniae ; etiam prope portum " Hong Kong" ; oceanico-littoralis, inter lapides.

211. Heterograpsus mjdus. Pseudograpsus nudus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 335,
pi. XX. f. 7. Heterograpsus marmoratus, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 159. — In
portu " San Francisco."

212. Pseudograpsus albus, nov. sp. Parrulus. Carapax valde planatus.
laevis, glaber, lobulis epigastricis distinctis ; regione cardiaca postica circum-
scripta ; fronte lata, depressa, fere horizontali, sat prominente, margine in-
crassato, recto vel paullo convexo. Margo antero-lateralis post angulum or-
bitae leviterbi-emarginatus. Hectognatliopodorum meriangulo externo dilatato.
rotundato. Chelopoda brevia, laevia, glabra ; carpo intus acuto ; manu inter
bases digitorum lanosa. Pedes ambulatorii depressi lajves, versus extremitates
subtus subpilosi ; dactylis sulcatis, minuentibus. Abdomen maris sat angus-
tum, minuens, articulo penultimo subpentagono ; articulo ultimo obloneo.
Color albus, sparsim punctatiis. % Carapacis long. 0-27 ; lat. 0-282 poll.

Hab. — In portu insulae "Kikaisima" ; littoralis in sabulis.

213. Plattgrapsus depressus. Platynotus depressus, De Haan ; loc. cit. 63,
pi. viii. f. 2. M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 165. (Nomen " Platynotus" praeoccu-
patum est.) — Vulgaris ad oras Japonicas et Sinenses ; in portu " Hakodadi, "
" Simoda" et " Kagosima" ; ad insulas " Bonin, " "Kikaisima," " Ousima"
et "Loo Cboo" ; etiam in portu " Hong Kong." Species marina, (non fluvi-
atilis,) littoralis in sabulis.

214. Plattgrapsus convextosculus, nov. sp. P. depresso valde affinis, cara-
pace latiore, minus depresso, superficie partim inaequali, glabra, lobulis gastrici?
prominulis. Frons latior, magis decUvis, minus prominens, sinu mediano latiore.
Dens lateralis secundus acntus, magis prominens, a primo bene separatus :
margo infra-orbitalis crasse crenulatus. % Carapacis long. 0*42 ; lat. 0.51
poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

Ptychogxathus, nov gen. Platygrapso, Pseudograpsoque affinis. Carapax
planus, fi-onte horizontali continua, margine antero-laterali acuto, emarginato.
Hectognatboi)oda latissima, postice angustata, ci'ista nulla ; exognatho amplis-
simo, quam iscbio non angustior ; mero quam iscbio breviore sed duplo latiore,
commisura transversa ; auriculo ad angulum meri antero-externum grandissimo,
quam corpore articuli vix minore ; palpo prosarthi-oideo. Pedes ut in Pseudo-
grapso, etc. ; manu non pilifera. Sterni articulus ultimus multo expositus.
Abdomen maris sat angustum ; fceminoe articulo ultimo libero.

215. Pttchogsathus glaber, nov. sp. Carapax exacte planus, nulla parte
decUvi, lateribus postero-lateralibus exceptis ; superficie laevi, punctata ; sutura
mediana H-formi profunde impressa ; lobulis gastricis obsoletis. Frons lata,
margine paullo undulato, canaliculate. Margo antero-lateralis post angulum

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NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 105

orbitse emarginatus. Lobus suborbitalis externus obsoletus. Margo infra-or-
bitalis obscure crenulatus. Hectognathopoclorum exognathus Isevis ; ischium
merumque interdum pubescentes. Chelopoda grandia, Isevia ; meri marginibus
ciliatis ; carpo intus obtuso ; manu lata minus convexa, intus laevi, digitis
sat hiantibus, intus denticulatis. Pedes ambulatorii sparsim hirsuti, versus
extremitates tomentosi ; dactylis robustis, sulcatis. Color niger. % Carapacis
long. 0-56 ; lat. 0-68 poll.

Hab. — In portu "Lloyd " ad insulas "Benin;" littorales, in ripis sestuario-
rum sabulosis fossores.

AcMCEOPLEURA nov. geu. Carapax, orbit*, antennseque, iis Cyclograpsi
similes, marginibus lateralibus integris. Orbitae inferne fere complete. Hec-
tognathopoda fere ut in Heterograpso, mero subquadrato ischio longitudine
psene adequante ; lateribus rectis ; palpo prosarthroideo ; exognatho angusto.
Manus inter bases digitorum lanosa.

216. AcM^oPLEURA PARVULA, uov. sp. Carapax planatus, ad angulos
antero-laterales latior, Isevis ; antice declivis, subtiliter rugosa ; sulco me-
diano gastrico distincto. Frons sat prominens, margine paullo convexo.
Margo antero-lateralis acutus. Margo infra-orbitalis 3-4-lobatus, lobis Isevibus.
Chelopoda sequalia, extus Isevia ; manu intus 3-4-tuberculata, extus lanosa
inter bases digitorum. Pedes ambulatorii graciles setosi ; setis brevibus
seriatis. Abdomen maris minuens, articulo peuultimo pentagono. Color
pallida ruber ; chelopoda nitida. j Carapacis long. 0-19 ; lat. 0-21 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Ousima" ; oceanico-littoralis inter lapillos.

217. Cyclograpscb longipes, nov. sp. Carapax subtrapezoides, antice miilto
angustatus, superne planatus, Igevis, glaber, ad margines anteriores paullo
rugulosus ; lobulis epigastricis sat distinctis. Orbitse infra pagne completse ut
in C. integro. Margo infra-orbitalis extus 3-4-lobatus. Hectognatliopodorum
crista obliqua in ischio submargiualis. Chelopoda brevia, manu inflata, intus
laevi. Pedes ambulatorii valde graciles, carapace plus duplo longiores ; mero
transversim ruguloso ; articulo penultimo dactyloque setosis ; dactylo longo,
cylindrico, vix minuente, sulcato. Abdomen maris angustius, sed minus quam
in C. punctata minuens. % Carapacis long. 0*28 ; lat. maxima, 0-34 ; pedum
amb. 2di paris long. 0-63 poll.

Hab. — In portu " Lloyd" ad insulas " Bonin" ; in sabulis coraliorum, ad
prof. 1 org.

218. Ctclograpsus punctatus, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 78.
Gnathochasmus barbatus, Mac Leay. — In sinu "Simon's Bay" Promontorii
Bonse Spei ; et in portu "Hong Kong" Sinensi : ad litora sabulosa et lapidosa.

219. Ctclograpsus Andouini, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. Crust, ii. 78 ; Mel. Car-
cin. 163. — In portu Jacksoni Australise.

220. Chasmagnathus convexus, DeHaan; loc. cit. 56, pi. viii. f. 5. — Ad in-
sulam "Loo Choo" ; palustris.

221. Helice tridexs, De Haan ; loc. cit. 57, pi. xi. f. 2, et pi. xv. f. 6.
— In portu "Simoda" et ad insulas "Ousima" et "Loo Choo"; in aquis
marinis sestuariorum.

222. Sesarma intermedia, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 162. Pachysoma
intermedium., DeHaan; loc. cit. 61, pi. xvi. f. 5. — In portubus "Simoda"
et "Hong Kong," etiam ad insulam "Ousima" ; in aquis dulcibus fossarum,
in pratis oryzse.

223. Sesarma sinensis, M. Edwards; Mel. Carcin. p. 152. — In portu "Hong
Kong."

224. Sesarma bidens, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 353 ; M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin.
161. Pachysoma bidens, De Haan ; loc. cit. 60, pi. xvi, f. 4 et pi. xi. f. 4. — In
portu "Simoda."

1858.] 8

lOG PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

225. Sesarma Dehaani, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 150. Pachysoma quad-
ratum, De Haan ; loc. cit. 62, pi. viii. f. 3. — Ad insulas " Bonin" et in portn-
bu9 " Simoda " et " Hong Kong" ; in aestuariis ; iuterdum in aquis dulcibns.

226. Sesarma picta, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 150. Pachysoma pictum, De
Haan; loc. cit. 61, pi. xvi. f. 6. — Ad insulam "Ousima."

227. Sesarma kupicola, nov. sp. Carapax quadratus, multo longior qnam
latus, depressus ; superficie valde insequali, antics rugulosa ; lobulis epigas-
tricis validis, medianis ad apices quasi paulo erosis. Regio frontalis partim
tuberculata ; margine frontali nndiilato. Margo lateralis rectus, integer, inter-
dam obsolete 2-3-dentatus, deutibus superne non conspicuis. Chelopoda
foeminae mediocria, mero dente acuto ad apioem marginis interni armato ; carpo
snperne ruguloso ; manu extus partim laevi, intus granulis sparsis omata :
palma superne cristis 3-4 granulatis obliquis psene longitudinalibus non pec-
tinatis omata, et dente parvulo acuto serrato ad basim dactyli ; dactylo
superne longitudinaliter costato, costis medianis granulatis. Pedes ambula-
torii sat longi, setis brevibus rigidulis modice prsediti ; mero paullo dilatato.
Carapax niger, maculis parvis subcoeruleis dispersis. 5 Carapacis long. 0.78 :
lat. 0*92 poll. S. affini, ^warfrate que affinis, mero pedum posticorum minus
dilatato. Diflfert a S. picta manu supra non pectinigera, intus non oristata.
dactyloque non plicato.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Ousima" ; inter rupes ad litora maris.

228. Sesarma angustipes, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 353 ; pi. xxii. f. 7. — Ad oras
orientales Americse Centralis, prope urbem "Greytown" ; littoralis.

229. Sesarma testita, nov. sp. Depressa. Corpus pedesque superne pilosa,
;setis transversim subseriatis, sordidis. Carapax quadratus, paulo insequalis,
IsBvis, ad angulos orbitales valde prominentes acutos, latior. Lobulae epigastricae
convexae, Iseves ; medianse majores. Latera subconcava rotundata Integra, crista
Isevi marginal!. Frons brevis, insequalis, glabra, margine undulato. Hectog-
nathopoda parva. Chelopoda maris parva ; meri margine interne laevi, an-
gulo anteriore prominente vix denticulate ; carpo fere laevi ; manu parva,
palma superne cristis 2-3 laevibus fere transversis ornato, crista prope basim dac-
tyli validiore ; digitis extus laevibus ; dactyli margine superiore acuto. Pedes
ambnlatorii mediocris longitudinis ; mero magno dilatato, superficie subsca-
brosa, angulis infero-externis rotundatis, denticulatis ; articulis reliquis gra-
cilibus ; dactylis gracillimis, laevibus, prope apices acutos paulo curvatis-

9 Carapacis long. 0-29 ; lat. 0-30 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulas " Ousima" et "Kikaisima " ; littoralis, in sinubus sabu-
losis.

230. HoiiOMETOPUs H^MATocHEiR, M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin. 154. Pachysoma
hcBmatocheir, De Haan ; loc. cit. 67, pi. vii. f. 4. — In portubus " Simoda" et
" Hong Kong" ; ad insulam " Ousima" quoque.

Camftandbiid^.

Camptandrujm, nov. gen. Carapax subhexagonus. Regio faciei carapace
per tertiam latitudinis partem angustior. Frons quartam partem carapacis
latitudinis vix superans ; margine in piano perpendiculari valide undulato.
Margo antero-lateralis obliquus, rectus v. parce concavus, tridentatus, dentibus
parvis, dente postico prominente, lateraliter porrecto. Margo postero-lateralis
convexus. Margo posterior regionem faciei longitudine subsequans. Super-
ficies inaequalis ; costis transversis interruptis tribus apquidistantibus in mari-
bus, vix distinctis in fceminis ; regione gastrica parvula, lobulis epigastricis
medianis sat prominentibus ; regione hepatica ampla ; regione genitali cardia-
caque latissimis. Oculi longiusculi ; orbitis transversis, sat completis, sinu
extero-inferiore magno ; lobo suborbitali interne parvo, dentiformi, frontem non
attingente ; marginibus suborbitali et infra-orbitali approximatis, ultra angulnm
externum orbitae non productis. Antennulse obliquae, fossis profundis. Antennae

[April.

NATURAL SCIENCES OS PHILADELPHIA. 107

breves ; articulo basali parvulo rotundato ; articulo tertio in hiatu orbitae in-
terno jacente. Epistoma mediocre. Regiones antero-inferiores laeves. Margo
anterior areae buccalis profunde iindulatus ; septo mediano prominente. Pala-
tum breve, Iseve. Hectogiiathopoda brevia, sat lata, Isevia, quadrata, non
liiantia ; exognatlio palpigero, non dentigero, semicelato, prope iscbinni
solum exposito ; endognatho non sulcato, lateribus internis rectis ; ischioqnad-
rato ; mero ischium longitudine adaequante, niulto latiore quam longo, ad an-
gulum externum late auriculato, auricula rotundata, antrorsum porrecta :
palpo prosarthroideo, in sinu inserto. Chelopoda debilia, inermia, fceminae
digitis iis foeminse Gdasimi similibus. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, inermes, ad
bases pubescentes ; mero .costa laterali ad marginem superum parallela omato ;
dactylis gracilibus, oblique compressis, breviter ciliatis. Sternum latum, mar-
gine anteriore prominente, laminiformi, arcuato ; articulo ultimo utrinquemulto
exposito. Abdomen maris ad basim non dilatatum, pauUo minuens, propt-
medium valde constrictum v. sinuatum, articulo ultimo ad basim quam penul-
timo non angustiore. Appendices abdominis maris primi paris graciles, genicu-
latae, versus extremitates contortse, papillam prope geniculum gerentes ; se-
oundi paris minutjse, graciles. Abdomen foeminje latum, sternum totum tegens
angulis postero-lateralibus exceptis ; articulo ultimo lato, vix libero. Maricola.

231. Camptandrium sexdentatum, species unica. 9 Carapacis long. 0*265 ;
I at. 0-320 poll.

Hab. — In sinubus prope portum '• Hong Kong " Sinensem ; in fundis liraosis
ad prof. 6 org.

Asthekognathid/e.

Asthenognathus, nov. gen. Forma Pinnmam fere simulans. 7'oe??u'm«; carapax
transversus, postice perlatus, antice subtruncatus, angulis rotundatis, mar-
ginibus integris, superficie liBvissima, subtillissime granulata. Regio faciei
dimidiam carapacis latitudinis adequans. Frons deflexa, mediocris. Oculi
parvuli mobiles, pedunculis crassis, orbitis non profundis. Lobus suborbitalis
internus fere obsoletus. Crista infra-orbitalis sat remota, prominens, Isevis.
Antennulae transversse, in fossis profundis. Antennae sat longae, gracillimae.
hiatum internum orbitae occupantes. Epistoma mediocre. Palatum laeve, septo
tnediano nullo. Area buccalis mediocris, antice arcuatus. Hectognathopoda
debilia, gracilia, valde remota ; exognatlio exposito ; endognathi ischio quam
mero majore ; mero subquadrato, leviter sulcato ; palpo exartliroideo magis
quam prosarthroideo ; dactylo minuto ciliato. Chelopoda parvula, mero su-
peme prominentia mediana setigera instructo ; manu leviter compressa, gracili,
superne acuta, subtus crista marginata ; digitis compressis acutis, sulcatis,
palmam longitudine pauUo superantibus, intus vix dentatis. Pedes ambulatorii
2di 3tiique paris crassissimi ; iis Pinnixim fere similes ; quarti paris graciles
menim prscedentiuni vix superantes. Sternum latum, abdomine tectum, mar-
ginibus et angulis postero-lateralibus exceptis. Abdominis articulus ultimus
parvulus, rhomboidalis.

232. Asthenognathus in^squipes, species unica. $ Carapacis long. 0*270 •
lat. 0*375 poll.

Hah. — Prope oras orientales insulae "Niphon"; lat. bor. 38°; in fundo
arenoso prof. 30 org.

XENOPUTHALMIDiE.

233. Xenophteialmus pinnotheroides, Wliite ; Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist,
xviii. 177 ; Voy. Samarang, Crust. 63, pi. xii. f. 3. M. Edwards ; Mel. Carcin.
p. 187. Antennulae minutae. Antennae robustae. Oculi minuti, mobiles,
longitudinales in rimis profundis ; pigmento nullo (?). Epistoma nullum dis-
tinctum. Hectognathopoda sulcata, ischio merum longitudine adequante ; palpo
spiraliter semitorto, articulis ultimis iis Pinnotherce similibus. Chelopoda maris
debilia. Abdomen maris oblongum, ad basin non dilatatum, ad articuluiu
quintnm paullo constrictum, extremitate obtusa.

Hab. — In porta " Hong Kong " ; in fundo argillaceo prof. 6 org.

1858.]

108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

PlXNOTHEEID^.

234. PixxoTHERKS OBscuKus, nov. sp. Carapax latus subtrapezoides, anguli?
rotundatis. Regio hepatica pauUo depressa. Frons parce prominens, valde de-
flexa, subtus truncata. Hectognatbopoda mediocria, mero valde obliquo, cm-
vato, superficie glabra, margine interno antice ciliato ; palpo minuto, piloso, an-
guluin internum meri non superante ; carpo crasso ; dactylo cylindrico, gracili,
cum articulo penultimo ultra medium juncto et ejus extremitatem multo siiper-
ante. Pedes ambulatorii fere aquales, tertii et ultimi paris parce longiores :
dactylis primi secuudique paris brevibus ; tertii paris longis, curvatis ; ultimi
paris quam articulo penultimo non brevioribus, fere rectis, styliformibus,
gracillimis, minuentibus, ciliatis. Color obscure fuscus. 9 Carapacis long.
6-33 ; lat. 0-45 poll.

Huh. — In portu "Hong Kong."

235. Pinnotheres Boninensis, nov. sp. Carapax sat latus, antice subtrun-
catus, nudus : fi-onte non promiuente. Hectognatbopoda setosa, setis plu-
mosis ; palpo brevi ; articuli penultimi extremitate fere acuto ; dactylo minuto,
cum art. penultimo ad medium juncto et ejus extremitatem non superante.
Pedes ambulatorii tertii paris longiores ; dactylis fere ut in P. obscuro ; tertii
paris longioribus, acutissimis. 2 Carapacis long. 0*168 ; lat. postice, 0*211
poll.

Hah. — Ad insulas "Benin " ; in ostreis.

236. Pixxotheres parvclus, nov. sp. P. piso affinis, carapace angustiore.
Hectognatbopoda sat pilosa, articulo penultimo quam prsecedente duplo longiore,
dactylo gracili, extremitatem art. penultimi non superante. Pedes ambula-
torii versus extremitates pauUo pilosi ; tertii quartique paris longiores et dactylis
longioribus. 9 Carapacis long. 0*14 poll.

Hah. — In mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23° ; in meroe quadrata e fundo sabuloso,
prof. 26 org.

237. PixxixiA TCMiDA, uov. sp. Corpus transversim cylindricum. Carapax
valde turgidus, superficie Isevi, cristis nuUis ; medio leviter depresso. Frons
angusta. Hectognatbopoda apta, palpo grande ; dactylo cum basi art. penul-
timi juncto, et ejus extremitatem parum superante ; articulis utrisque dense
ciliatis. Cbelopoda fceminse sat valida ; mero carpoque intus dense pilosis ;
manu extus Isevi ; digitis hiantibus ; dactylo obliquo, intus dente uno, mediano :
digiti immobilis margine serrulate, dente uno subterminali. Pedes ambula-
torii pilosi, tertii paris longiores ; primi secuudique paris graciles ; tertii quar-
tique paris robusti ; dactylis gracilibus, 5-6-carinatis. Color nigrescens.

9 Carajjacis long. 0*30 ; lat. 0*55 poll.

Hah. — In portu "Hakodadi" insulse Jesso ; ad littora arenosa in latebri,'
Caudince speciei.

238. PiNxixiA pexultipedalis, nov. sp. Corpus depressiusculum. Carapax
glaber, crista posteriore pauUo prominente, obtusa, totam latitudinem carapacis
transiente. Frons non deflexa. Chelopoda pilosa ; manu parva, gracili,
minuente ; digitis rectis, non deflexis, gracilibus, non hiantibus. Pedes am-
bulatorii secundi paris quam primi paris vix majores ; mero piloso ; reliquis
nudis ; penultimi paris portentosae magnitudinis valde, crassi, mero per quintam
partem longiore quam lato, superne acuto, subtus partim granulate ; pedes ul-
timi paris parvuli, ciliati. Abdomen foeminre linea transversa ciliata ad articu-
lum secundum ornatum. 9 Carapacis long. 0*132 ; lat. 0*28 poll.

Hah. — In portu " Hong Kong " ; e fundo luteo conchosoque ad prof. 10 org.

Hyjiexosomid;k.

239. Hymenosoma orbiculare, Leaeli; Desm. ; Consid. sur les Crust. 163.
pi. xxvi. f. 1. M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 36. — In portu "Simon't
Bay " ad Premontorium Bonje Spei ; in fundo arenoso; prof. 10 org. vulgaris.

240. Htmexosoma geometkicum, nov. sp. H. orbiculari sat affine, sed becto-
cuathopodorum ischio multo eraciliore, quam mero vix breviore. Regio

[April;

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 109

liepatica dente v. spina lateral! acuta, parva, post angulum orbitse. % Cara.
pacis long. 0*318 ; lat. ad bases pedum amb. primi paris, 0-318 poll.
Hab. — In portu "Simon's Bay " cum prsecedente.

241. Halicakcinus ovatus, nov. sp. Carapax subovatus, jeque longus au
latus, antice angustatus ; superficie superue Isevi, in maribus planulata, in
t'oeminis pauUo convexa. Regiones sat distinctfe, sulcis linearibus. Margo
lateralis bi-angulatus, angulo utroque dente minuto acuto gerente. Frons
prominens, tridentata, dentibus depressis aequalibus profunde separatis, ap-
proximatis ; margine supra-frontali non elevato, recto. Antennulae grandes.
Epistoma sat amplum. Area buccalis mediocris magnitudinis, antice com-
pleta ; hectognathopodis turgidulis. Chelopoda maris subclavata, l£evia, intus
sparsim liirsuta ; meri apice dentigero ; manus palma tumida rotundata, digitis
gracUioribus intus serratis. Pedes ambulatorii longi (2di paris quam carapace
plus duplo longiores, ) graciles, nudi ; mere dente parvulo acuto ad apicem ;
dactylis e basi gracilibus, falciformibus. Abdomen maris prope extremitatem
oontractum, articulo ultimo subcordato, obtuse. % Carapacis long. 0*251 :
lat. 0*252 poll.

Hab. — In portu Jacksoni Australise.

242. Tkigonoplax truxcatus, nov. sp. Corpus tenellum. Carapax orbicu-
lato-ovatus, Isevis, planatus v. parce convexus. Regiones vix distinctse. Margo
lateralis 2-3-angulatus, angulis sequidistautibus parum conspicuis, raro den-
tigeris. Margo posterior i-ectus v, paullo convexus. Margines acuti, valde
prominentes, antice oculos, antennae, antennulas, basesque pedum celans.
Frons late truncata. Septum interantennularium validum. Antennulfe parva?.
Area buccalis in fceminis parvula. Hectognathopoda iis T. ungulformis similia.
Ohelopoda maris longa, Ifevia, rotundata ; mero gracili ; manu oblonga, turgida ;
digitis intus subexcavatis. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, Isevcs, nudi ; meri
carpique apice dentigero ; dactylis compressis bene falciformibus. Abdomen
maris elongato-triangulare. Color purpureus ; postice albo-quadrimaculatus.

'h Carapacis long. 0*21 ; lat. 0*225 ; $ carapacis lat. 0*362 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulas "Ousima" et "Loo Clioo " ; sublittoralis in rupium
lissuris.
Rhynchoplax, nov. gen. Trigonoplaci affinis. Corpus triangulatum, minus

lepressum. Margo lateralis bidentatus. Rostrum ad basim submarginale,
tridentatum ; dente mediano valido, elongato, sursum flexo ; dentibus latera-
libus minutis, acutis. Antennulce majores, approximati, septo non separate.
Oculi non retractiles. Spina extraorbitalis parvula. Regio subhepatica acute
prominens. Ejiistoma magnum. Hectognatliopodorum ischium quam merus vix
major. Chelopoda maris valida, quam pedes ambulatorii vix brevioria. Pedes
ambulatorii primi paris longiores ; dactylis totis falciformibus valde curvatis.
Abdomen maris oblongum, versus extremitatem leviter contractum.

243. Rhynchoplax messor, nov. sp. Corpus sat induratum. Carapax tri-
angulatus, paullo convexus ; superficie paullo iufequali, lajvi, setis paucis
sparsis ; regionibus gastrica cardiacaque paullo prominentibus, branchialibus
ssepius depressis. Denies laterales parvuli, sed acute-prominentes. Rostri
dens medianus spatulatiis, oblique poiTectus, quintam carapacis longitudinis
partem adequans. Chelopoda clavaeformia, sparsim setosa ; mero superne 4-5-
dentato ; carpo superne dentibus v. tuberculis 3-4parvis obtusis armato ; manu
rotundata, superne dente parvulo uno, mediano armata, intus ad bases digi-
torum lanosa. Pedes ambulatorii graciles, articulis totis (dactylis exceptis)
superne bi-dentatis, dente uno mediano, altero terminali ; dactylis valide falci-
formibus, longitudine mediocribus. % Carapacis long. 0*241 ; lat. 0*22 ; chelop.
long. 0*42; pedum amb. primi paris, 0*455 poll.

Hab. — In portu " Simoda " Japoniee.

244. Rhynchoplax setirostris, nov. sp. Corpus tenellum. Carapax ovatus,
depressus, fere loevis, sparsim et inconsiJicue setosus ; regionibus medianis sat
distinctis, sulcis linearibus. Margo lateralis cristata ; dente postico spiniformi,
antico vix prominente. Frontis margo superior distinctus. Rostri dens

1858.]

110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

medianus styliformis, gracilis, setosus ; dentes laterales acuti. Chelopoda
foeminae gracilia ; mero ad apicern dentigero ; manu gracili ; digitis palmam
longitudine adsequantibus. Pedes ambulatorii gracillimi, fragiles, subtiliter
setosi, ut in R. messori dentigeri, dentibus acutioribus ; dactylis longioribus,
gracillioribus, ultimi parls quam reliquis rnagis curvatis. $ Carapacis long.
0-19 ; lat. 0-175 poll.

Hab. — In porta "Hong Kong."

Contribations to Helminthology.
BY JOSEPH LEIDY, M. D.

( "oTYLASPis, Leidy.

Body curved infundibuliform, anteriorly cylindro-conical, posteriorly ex-
panding into a subcircular or oval ventral disk with numerous aoetabula
arranged in a triple series. Month infero-terminal, with a prominent upper
lip, and protractile into a cup- or disk-like acetabulum. Intestinal apparatus
as in Aspidof/aster. Eyes two, distinct, black, situated on each side of the
head. Generative apertures inferior, between the head and ventral disk.

CoTYLASPis ixsiGNis, Leidy. Proc. Nat. Sc. 1857, 18.

Translucent white or pink white. Upper lip snout-like, conical. Ventral
disk crenate at the margin ; acetabula 29, oblong quadrate, the outer rows
continuous in front and behind so as to form a circle. Length from ^ tol line ;
ventral disk from ^ to f a line in diameter.

Habitation. — Found adhering to the outer surface of the renal organ, and the
upper margin of the foot, within the cleft of the upper branchial cavity of
Anodonta Jiuviatilis and A. lacustris.

Remarks. — This curious parasite, though allied to Aspidogaster conchicola, is
certainly distinct ; and it never occupies the locality of the latter, which also
is found in the pericardium of Anodonta Jiuviatilis and A. lacustris. It is an
interesting fact that in accordance with its exterior position Cotylaspis pos-
sesses well developed eyes, while the imprisoned ^s/^irfo^ras^er is blind. It has
occurred to me that perhaps these two genera may represent two different
stages of existence of the same animal.
Rhopalocerca tardigrada, Diesing.

Attached to the m.a,ntle oi Anodonta Jiuviatilis ; specimens also obtained by
Mr. Lea from A. lacustr s.
Hbtkrostomdm EcniNATPM, FiUppi.

From oviduct of Paludina decisa. Qaite common.
Ckrcakia agilis, Leidy.

Body, when elongated, narrowed pyriform ; when shortened, obcordate ;
posteriorly emarginate ; anteriorly triangular. Mouth acetabuliform, large,
globular. Acetabulum little larger than the mouth, nearly central in the
shortened condition of the body, at the posterior third of the latter when
elongated. Sporocerca as long as the body, long clavate, transversely plicated,
(^olor wliite.

Exceedingly active ; found in the Delaware river, quite commonly in com-
pany with Planorbis, Paludina, and Lymnea.

DiPLOSTOMUM GRANDE, Dicsing.

Head oblong oval, a little oblique ; margin entire, inflated. Mouth small,
round. Male aperture small, round ; female aperture large, prominent, longi-
tudinally oval. Body conical. Ovaries dusky yellowish. Length 1 line ;
breadth \ line ; head f line long ; body \ line long.

Twenty specimens were obtained from the intestines of Strix nivea.
MoNOSTOMUM AFFiNE, Leidy.

Body spatulate, narrowest antei'iorly, flat ; posterior end obtuse, with an
excretory orifice communicating with a well marked canal traceable as far for-
ward as the commencement of the oviduct. Mouth round, oral acetabulum

[April

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. Ill

small, followed by a smaller pharyngeal bulb. Intestine simple, traceable
on each side to the posterior end of the body. Testes four, posterior to the
position of the distended oviducts. Ovaries finely lobulated, situated on each
side external to the position of the intestine ; oviduct transversely tortuous
and distended with brown ova. Penis ensheathed, long, tortuous, echinate.
Generative aperture small, acetabuliform. Ova oval and prolonged at one
pole, or sub-pyriform. Length of body 6^ lines ; breadth 1 line.

Pour specimens were obtained by Dr. J. M. Corse from the bile ducts and
gall-bladder of the musk-rat (/^«6e/- zibetkicus.) Closely allied to M. hippo-
crepis, Diesing, but has no trace of the horse-shoe-like collar to the head.
MoNOSTOM0M SPATCLATUM, Leidy.

Body flat, oblong ovate, narrowing anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly ; color
white, with brown tortuous lines indicating the course of the oviduct. Mouth
acetabuliform, circular. Testes three, alternating on each side posteriorly
with the oviduct. Ovaries on each side finely lobulated. Generative aperture
small, a short distance behind the mouth. Penis undistinguishable. Length
3 to 4 lines ; breadth ^ line.

Twenty-three specimens were obtained, by Prof. Jeffries Wyman, from the
gall-bladder of a fish, the species of which has been forgotten.
DiSTOMTTM BiLioscM, Leidy.

Body ovoid, anteriorly compressed conical and incurved, posteriorly robust
and obtuse. Mouth subterminal transversely semicircular or crescentic.
Acetabulum much larger than the mouth, sessile, subcircular, with a large
transversely elliptical and bi-polar aperture. Generative aperture a little in
advance and to the left of the acetabulum, and provided with a prominent
•circular lip. Length from 1 to 2 J lines ; breadth g- to 1 line ; thickness j to f
line.

Several hundred specimens were obtained from the gall bladder of a fish,
by Prof. Wyman, but the species has likewise been forgotten.
Tetrabothrium BARBATurii, Leidy.

Body delicate, filiform, quadrilateral, anteriorly narrowing, and then slightly
widening again towards the head, posteriorly three or four times the breadth
of the thickness ; anterior segments quadrate, with the posterior angles pro-
jecting into barb-like lobes ; posterior segments transversely oblong quadrate,
with the posterior margin on each side projecting into a festoon-like lobe.
Neck none, or a mere constriction. Head larger than the commencement of
the body, conical. Bothria four, oblique, marginal, subcircular, large, forni-
cate, and folded at the border. Mouth at the summit of a globular papilla,
unarn^ed. Length from 1 to 5 inches ; breadth anteriorly l-5th line, pos-
teriorly § line.

Numerous individuals were obtained from the intestine of a large OdontaspU
punctata ? caught on the coast of New Jersey.
DiBOTHHKinM sPECiosuM, Leidy.

Head gradually narrowing to its extremity which is funnel-shaped and
truncated. Bothria two, long, marginal, as wide as the head. Neck none.
Anterior articuli short, subcuneate, those succeeding transversely sub-reniform.
those posterior more equally quadrate, with convex margins, except the back
one which is emarginate. Length 1^ inches ; breadth anteriorly 1-lOth line,
posteriorly 2-5th line. Head ^ line long, 1-lOth line wide. Generative aper-
tures lateral.

Obtained by Mr. Noah Kollar from the intestine of Boleosoma Ohnstedi.

ACANTHORHYNCHUS REPTANS, DicSing.

Obtained from the Drum fish, Pogonias chromis. Smallest individuals, from
1^ to 1 inch long by ^ line broad, were contained in cysts, adhering to the
intestines, in the peritoneal cavity. One 3 inches long, with the head 2
lines long, was found in the liver. The largest ones were coiled up in oval
masses, imbedded among the muscles of the tail. Two masses measured each
abont 3 inches long by 10 lines in diameter. The worm was several feet in

1858.]

112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

length, by IJ to 2 lines thick, white and soft. Head oval J inch long by ^
wide. Tail end obtuse.

FrLAEiA SOLITARIA, Leidv : Syn. of Entozoa, Pr. A. N. S. viii. 56.

Agamonema papiUigerum ? Diesing, Leidy : Ibid. 55.

Filaria quadritiiberculata, Leidy : Ibid. 56. In error, described posteriorly
foremost.

/Filaria nitida, Leidy : Ibid. 56. Probably the young.

Body cylindrical, shghtly narrowed towards the extremities, rose-red in
ijolor. Head sub-acute ; mouth with two series of four or six minute, conical,
pointed papillse. Caudal extremity obtuse ; anus terminal, transverse, ellip-
tical, bordered by a prominent lip. Length up to 6 inches ; breadth to | a
line.

A not unfrequent position for this worm, of full size, is beneath the skin of
the back of Rana pipiens. Found also in the peritoneum and abdominal mus-
cles of Chelonura serpentina, not unfrequently in the muscles of the Eel,
MurcBna macrocephala, of the Delaware river. In the peritoneum of Emys
serrata, and Esox reticulatus.

(Esophagus tortuous, white, one-sixth the length of the body ; intestine
straight or slightly tortuous, translucent.

This parasite is most frequently found during the winter and spring. It is
generally bright rose-red in color, with the extremities tinged more deeply red.

FiLAKiA spiKOCAUDA, Leidy.

Body long, filiform, most narrowed posteriorly. Head obtuse, i:nanned ;
mouth a minute circular pore, neither armed nor labiated. Tail short, conical,
rather obtuse, or subacute ; anus just above the tail. Caudal extremity of
female recurved ; of male wound into a spiral of three or four turns. Length
of female 6 to 8 inches, breadth ^ of a line ; length of male 4 inches, breadth
l-5th of a line.

Seven females and four males were obtained by Prof. Wyman from the heart
of a seal, Phoca vitulina.

Filaria insignis, Leidy.

Body cylindrical, narrowed posteriorly. Head obtuse ; mouth quadrate
oToidal, with a brownish papilla above and below it, and two almost obsolete
ones on each side. Caudal extremity abruptly attenuated into an unciform
tail. Length 1 foot, breadth ^ of a line.

A single specimen was obtained by Prof. Wyman from a cyst beneath the
integument of the foot of a Raccoon, Procyon lotor.
Pkosthecosactee inflexus, Diesing.
Pkosthecosacter minor, Diesing.

A large number were obtained from the bronchia and lungs of Delphinus
phocana by Prof. Wyman.
(JoRDius varius, Leidy.

Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. x., pi. 11, fig. 48. An embryo of this species
from Lumbriculus limosus.
AscARis spiculigera, Rud.

Body narrowed anteriorly, inflexed ; head naked ; tail short, conical, acute.
Mouth with large prominent lips. Caudal extremity of the male furnished
with a row of minute tubercles on eaoh side. Length of female 8 to 16 lines ;
breadth to f line ; length of male 5 to 8 lines ; breadth ^ line.

From the stomach of Pelicaniis americanus ; Mr. S. Ashmead, Florida. The
crested cormorant (Carlo dilophus) ; obtained by Mr. Robert Kennicott, Il-
linois.
ASCAEIS depressa, Rud.

From the intestine of Strix nivea.
Spironocra gracile, Leidy.

From the Axolotl (^Siredon mexicanus).

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 113

May \.th.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-two members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings :

Notes on American Land Shells, No. 3, by W. Gr. Binney.

Description of a new Phyllostome Bat from California, in the Museum
of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer F. Baird.

And were referred to Committees.

Mr. Taylor stated that, at a meeting of the Academy, on the 16th of February,
he made a verbal communication, announcing the discovery of a probably new
mineral in crystals, which had been brought from the cave of Las Piedras,
Honduras, by his friend. Dr. John L. LeConte. By a qualitative analysis, he
found it to be an anhydrous Sulphate of Potash, containing Ammonia. Prof.
Dana, of New Haven, to whom he had sent two of the crystals, very kindly
measured them, and found a difference in the angle of the trimetric prism suffi-
cient to separate it from Glaserite, to which it was first referred. The differ-
ence of angle being about in ratio to that existing between Barytes, Anhydrite,
Celestine, Anglesite, &c., isomorphous anyhydrous sulphates. He hoped soon
to show, by a quantitative analysis, that it is worthy of being considered
a new species. He regretted very much that this preliminary notice, which is
recorded in the rough minutes of the meeting referred to, should not have ap-
peared in the printed Proceedings for that month.

Mr. Foulke asked the attention of the Academy to the fact that in
the published Proceedings, under date of 16th February last, his name
had been accidentally printed in connection with remarks which had
never been made by him.

May Will.
Mr. Vaux in the Chair.

Thirty-one members present.

A communication was read from Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, announcing his
desire to attempt a further exploration of the Arctic regions, and asking
for such suggestions from the Academy as might assist in carrying out
'the project.

Whereupon the following resolutions were adopted :

Resolved, That the Academy has heard with great interest the com-
munication of Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, of his purpose to attempt a further
exploration of the Arctic regions.

Resolved, That the Academy will hereafter give to Dr. Hayes such
recommendations respecting the subjects proposed by him, as shall be
deemed most likely t© promote the objects of the Academy.

Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed to co-operate on
behalf of the Academy with Dr. Hayes.

The Committee was then appointed, as follows : Messrs. J. F.
Frazer, T. B. Wilson, I. Lea, W. P. Foulke, J. L. LeConte, J. Leidy,
and W. S. W. Ruschenberger ; subsequently, on motion, Messrs. E.
Durand and J. Carson were added to the Committee.
1858.]

114 PROOEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Authority wa? given to the Committee in charge of Say's Concbology
to sell tiopies of impressions of the plates of that work.

May V^ih.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.
Forty-five members present.

Mr. Lea exbibited eome remarkable specimens of Unionid^, six to eight
inches wide. Some of these had the soft parts, and he called attention to two
fine specimens of MargarUana complanata, and Unio multipltcatus, both females,
with the oviducts fully charged with embryonic shells, ready to be discharged
by the parents. There were two important points he wished to be noticed. Ist.
The enormous quantity of young in the mass of the outer branchiae of the
Margariiana, (the branchiffi were 3 x '< X 5 inches,) each specimen containing
probably several millions of individuals. 2nd. That the Unio mulliplicatus w&s.
peculiar in having both iobes on both sides, charged with embryonic shells, con-
taining no doubt several millions of individuals. This species of Unio is the
only one Mr. Lea had ever observed furnished with oviducts in all the four leaves
of the branchiae. It is very probable that half a dozen of these Mollusca would
produce individuals equal in number to the population of the whole United
States.

Mr. Cassin announced the death of Dr. Robert Hare, late a member
of the Academy.

May 25th.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Twenty-six members present.

The Proceedings of the Biological Department for the current month
were presented.

The following papers vfere ordered to be published in the Proceed-
ings :

Kotei on American Land Shells. No. 3.
BY W. G. BINNEY.

The following species of Helicidae, now frst described, were collected by Dr.
F. V. Hayden, of the Yellowstone Ex. Ex., (Lieut. G. K. Warren), Dr. T. S.
Newberry, of the Colorado R. Ex. Ex., (Lieut. Ives). Mr. Robert Kenicott, during
a recent visit to the Red River of the North, and in Me-sico by the late Mr. Ber-
landiere, whose valuable collections were bought and presented to the Smith-
sonian Institute by Lieut. Couch. Specimens of all the species are deposited
in the collection of that Institution, and also in that of the Academy, throngh
the kindness of Prof. Baird, and the geotlemen named above. Figures of these,
and all species described by me, will be published at ^ome subsequent time.

SucciNBA H.'VYDENi. — Testa elongato-ovalis, tenuis, pellucida, succinea ; spira
parva, acuta; anfr. 3 convexi, ultimus rugis levibus incrementalibus et
sulcis crassis spiralibus, iaterruptis, inequaliter notatus ; sutura mediocris ;
columella callo levi induta, apicem interiorem a basi testae mostrans ; apertura
obliqua, ovalis, 5-7 long, testae aequans, ad basin expansior. Long. 21; diam. 9
mill.

Habitat in provincid Nebraska, frequens inter flumina " Loup Fork," et " L'eau
qui court" Dr. F. V. Hayden I (Yellowstone Ex. Ex.)

[May.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. IK

Var. MINOR. — Long. 15 mill, ad " Red River of the North," legit R. Kennicott-

Shell elongate-oval, tliin, shining, amber-colored ; spire short, acute; ■whorl?
three, convex, the last marked with the wrinkles of growth, and irregular,
heavy, spiral furrows ; suture moderate ; columella covered lightly with callus :
and allowing all the interior whorls to be seen from below to ihe apex ; aper-
ture oblique, oval, 5-7ths the length of the shell, the lower portion of its mar-
gin considerably expanded.

Mr. Say describes jS. ovalis as showing the interior apex from the base of the
shell ; in other respects his description does not apply to this shell. Its aper-
ture is nearer that oi S. oikzZm, Gould uon Say, but the peristome is much more
flexuose, and the upper third of the shell becomes gradually attenuated, so as
to give a sharp pointed appearance, though the spire itself is short. The re-
volving lines are sometimes continuous over the whole body whorl, but gene-
rally interrupted, or confined to the interstices of the incremental striae or
wrinkles. It shares this peculiarity with S. concordialis, Gould, and S. lineata.
nob.

Named in honor of Dr. F. V. Hayden.

Helix cooPERi. — Testa umbilicata; elevato-globosa : solida ; striis obliquis
incrementi et lineis spiralibus leviter intercidentibus notata ; alba, ad periphe-
riam fascia unica, angusta, rufa, cincta, aut fasciis et lineis rufis, volventibus,
varie dispostis, ornata ; suturaimpressa; spira elevata ; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus
rotundatus, ad aperturam valde descendens; umbilicus mediocris, pervius.
1-5 diam. maj. testae aequans ; apertura perobliqua, circularis ; perist. sim-
plex, incrassatum, ad umbilicum reflexiusculum, marginibus valde approximatis,
callo albo, crasso, conjunctis. Diam. maj. 15; min. 13 ; alt. 9 mill.

Habitat, Black Hills, provincia Nebraska, frequens. Dr. F. V. Hayden 1 (Yel-
lowstone R. Ex. Ex., Lieut. Warren.)

Shell umbilicated ; elevated, globose ; solid, with oblique incremental striae
intersected with delicate spiral lines ; color white, variously marked with a
single narrow band, or broader longitudinal and spiral patches of reddish-
brown ; suture impressed ; spire elevated ; whorls five, convex, the last rounded,
very decidedly deflected at the aperture; umbilicus moderate, pervious, l-5th
the greater diameter of the shell ; aperture very oblique, circular; perist. simple,
thickened, reflected at the umbilicus, with its extremities very nearly approach-
ed, and joined by a heavy white callus.

Resembles nearly no described American species. Has an elevated spire like
H. pennsylvanica, Green, and somewhat approaches H. solilaria, Say. It is,
however, very much smaller, has rougher striae and revolving Hues ; the umbili-
cus is different, as is also the circular aperture, with nearly approaching ends
like H. viltata, Mull., of Ceylon. There is a curious variety of II. solitaria, Say,
found by Lieut. Bryan at Bridger's Pass, which may be compared with this in
size, but the only specimen I have examined has no revolving lines, and wants
the characteristic aperture. Some specimens of this species have a more
flattened spire.

Named in honor of Dr. J. G. Cooper, of P. R. R. Survey.

Helix ne»vberryana. Testa late umbilicata; orbiculato-depressa ; solida;
striis tenuibus incrementi et lineis subtilissimis, spiralibus, leviter granulato-
decussata; nigra, aut rufo-brunnea, sub epiderme alba; sutura valde impressa:
spira depressa ; anfr. 6, regulariter accrescentes, superi plani, ultimus convexus,
subtus rotundatus, ad aperturam descendens; umbilicus latus, perspectivug,
anfr. omnes ad apicem mostrans ; apertura obliqua, transverso-lunaris ; in ex-
emplis junioribus, paries aperturalis, sculptura anfr. praecedentis, caJlo levi
obliteratd. eleganter notata est lineis elevatis, numerosis, cmfertis, spiralibne :
in exemplis maturis, haec sculptura occulta est callo incrassato, sed intus in anfr.
omnibus remanet; perist. simplex, aculum, intus callosum, marginibus snb-
oonvergentibus, callo albo conjunctis. Diam. maj. 37 ; min. 20 : alt. 13 mill.

Habitat in California. Specimina plurima collegit Dr. J. S. Newberry.
(Colorado Ex. Ex. Lieut. Ives.)

1858.J

116 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Shell broadly umbilicated ; orbicularly-depressed ; solid ; lightly decussated
by incremental striae, and numerous fine spiral lines : color black or reddish
brown, under the epidermis white and shining; suture deeply impressed; spire
depressed ; whorls 6, regularly increasing, the upper ones flattened, the last
convex, rounded below, and slightly deflected at the aperture; umbilicus broad,
showing all the volutions clearly ; aperture oblique, transversely-lunar ; la
young specimens the decussated sculpturing of the shell on the parietal wall
of the aperture is covered with a light callus as the animal grows, and ele-
gantly marked with numerous fine, crowded, spiral lines ; in mature specimens
this beautiful marking is entirely obliterated by the deposition of callus, but
on breaking the shell, the lines will be found to exist within ; peristome simple,
acute, thickened within, ends slightly approximated, joined with a white
callus.

This species bears no close resemblance to any known American Helix, It
belongs to the same group as H. vancouverensis, Lea, but differs in size, color,
number of whorls, umbilicus, want of peculiar depression of the lip, by its
beautifully decussated surface, and peculiar parietal wall of the aperture. I
know of no species sharing this last beautiful peculiarity. In form alone, dead
specimens may be compared with E. algira, Lin., of Europe, but the spire is
flatter and umbilicus larger.

Named in honor of Dr. J. S. Newberry, the Geologist of the Colorado Ex. Ex.

BuLiMUs PATRiARCHA. — T. perforata, ovata, solidissima, alba, rugosa ; anfr.
t) convexi, ultimus ventricosus, 5-7 "long, testae a^quans ; apertura ovata ;
perist. simplex, intus incrassatum, marginibus callo albo crasso junctis, columel-
lari reflexo, umbilicum subtegente. Long. 35; diam. 19, aperture long. 19;
diara. 13 mill.

Habitat in republica Mexicana. Specimina plurima et matura et nondum
idulta, collegit Berlandiere in Buena Vista.

Shell perforate, ovate, heavy, white and wrinkled ; whorls 6, convex, the last
ventricose, equalling in length 5-7 of the shell ; aperture ovate; peristome sim-
ple, thickened within, the extremities joined by a heavy white callus, the
columellar extremity slightly reflected so as partially to conceal the umbilicus.

Belongs to the same group as Bui. dealbatus, Say, alternatvs, Say, lactarius,
Mke., liquatilis, Reeve, Schiedeanus, Pf., &c. The characteristics which form its
iidferences are alike present in young and old specimens, and constant in all
from the locality. I therefore consider it as well entitled to specific distinction
13 those named.

Named from its greater size and more antiquated appearance, as compared
with the allied species.

Description of a Phyllostome Bat from California, in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution.

BY S. P. BAIRD.

Macrotus Califorkiccs Baird. California Leafed-nosed bat.

The ears of this species are very large, scantily haired, ovate and rounded at
the tip. Their outer edge extends forward to a little behind and below the
eye ; the inner edge is partially free. The two ears are connected by a mem-
brane, which takes its rise about one-twentieth of an inch behind the anterior
free edge of the ear, and is united to the con-esponding strip of membrane of
the opposite side, so as to form a kind of roof over the middle of the head,
the entrance posterior. The tragus is narrow, lanceolate, naked and one-third
the height of the ear. The nasal appendage is short, but rather higher than
wide, and extending on the side and beneath the nostrils as a nan-ow margin.
It is coated rather closely with short hairs. The lower jaw is slightly fissured
anteriorly, with a small narrow wart on each side of the fissure ; a groove or
furrow extends from the fissure along each side the lower jaw.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 117

The feet are entirely free ; the spur ahout as long : the membrane extending
between the spurs is slightly concave, leaving the extremity of the tail free
for the last joint, or for about one-sixth of its total length. The general color
is a pale brownish gray, darker above than below.

Length to occiput 1.00 Length of tragus .42

" torootoftaU 2.60 " of leaf of nose .30

" of tail 1.50 Wing, from carpal joint 3.00

" of ears 1.10 Fore-arm 2.00

This species closely resembles the M. Waterhousii, of Gray, from the "West

Indies. It differs, however, in the longer tail and shorter appendage of the

nose, as well as in the widely different locality.

It is to the genus Macrotus, of the subfamily Megadermata, that the first leaf-
nosed bat ever positively known as an inhabitant of the United States belongs.
It was discovered at Fort Yuma, California, by Major G. H. Thomas, U. S. A.
It is true that the BrachyphjUum cavernarum of the Phjllostomata has been
given as occurring in South Carolina, but the statement has never been veri-
fied by any of fhe numerous corps of excellent naturalists resident in that
State, and is probably an error.

Descriptions of two new species of Birds from the vicinity of Fort Tejon,

California.

BY JOHN XANTUS DE VESEY.

Ttkannula hammondii De Vesey. Tail moderately forked ; the feathers
acutely pointed. Third quill longest, second and then fourth a little shorter.
First much shorter than fifth, a little longer than sixth. Bill very narrow, dark
brown. Above dark olive green, considerably darker on the head. Breast and
sides of the body light olive green, the throat grayish white ; the rest of the
under parts bright sulphur yellow. A whitish ring around the eye. Wings
and tail dark brown, the former with two olivaceous grey bands across the
coverts, the latter with the outer edge a little paler than elsewhere, but not at
all white. Length 2J inches.

This species is named after Dr. W. A. Hammond of the United States Army.

ViREO CASSiNii De Vesey. Third and fourth quills nearly equal, fifth shorter,
second longer than seventh. Spurious primary very narrow, falcate, acute,
less than one third the second quill and a little more than one-fourth the third.
Above, including edge of wing and tail feathers, clear olive green, becoming
dusky ashy on the top and side of head. Beneath fulvous white, tinged with
dull olive green on the sides (scarcely on the crissum.) Two broad bands on
the wing coverts, and the outer edge of the innermost secondaries greenish-
white ; the outer edge of outer tail feathers and a broad ring round the eyes,
extending to a frontal band, dull white. Length 5 inches.

Descriptions of new Birds from Fort Thorn, New Mexico.

BY DR. T. CHARLTON HENRY, U. S. ARMY.

ToxosTOMA CRissALis Henry. Second quill about as long as the secondaries.
Bill much curved ; longer than the head. Above olive brown, with a faint
shade of gray. Beneath nearly uniform brownish gray, much paler than the
back, passing insensibly into white on the chin, but the under tail coverts dark
brownish rufous abruptly defined. There is a black maxillary stripe, cut-
ting off a white one above it, but there do not appear to be any other stripes
about the head. There are no bands on the wings, and the tips and outer edges
of the tail feathers are very inconspicuously lighter than the remaining portion.
Length II inches; wing 4-00 inches ; tail 5f inches.

JtTNCO DORSALis Henry. Bill black above, bright brownish below.

18,58.]

118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Above, including the entire upper surface of the wings and scapulars, bright
grayish ash, the inter-scapular region reddish chestnut-brown. Beneath ashy
white, the middle of the belly almost pure white. Lores abruptly black. Quills
and tail feathers nearly black ; two outer entirely white ; the third with brown
on the inner edge. Length 6-25 ; wing 3-05 ; tail 3-10 inch.
Hab. Fort Thorn, New Mexico.

This species differs from Junco cinerecs, {Fringilla dnerea, Sw.) in the absence
of chestnut-brown on the wing coverts and tertials.

Description of Four New Fresh- water Molluscs, from the Isthmus of Darien and

Honduras.

BY ISAAC LEA.

Unio Caldwellu. Tests, sulcata, elliptic;!, subiuflata, postice obtuse angulata.
inaequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus subelevatis, ad apices minute un-
dulatis ; epidermide luteo-fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus compressis, elevatis
orenulatisque ; lateralibus sublongis subrectisque ; margarita salmonis colore
tincta et iridescente.

fia6.— Isthmus of Darien. H. C. Caldwell, M. D., U. S. Navy.

Unio Goascoranensis. Testa Isevi, elliptica, subcompressa, postice obtuse
angulata, valde inaequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis, antice crassioribus ; nati-
bus prominulis ; epidermide fuscescente, transverse striata ; dentibus cardi-
nalibus parviusculis, suberectis crenulatisque ; lateralibus sublongis snhrec-
tisque ; margarita alba et iridescente.

Hab. — River Goascoran, Honduras, Pacific Slope. J. L. LeConte, M. D.

Anodonta luteola. Testa Isevi, obovata, subcompressa postice et antice
rotundata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus prominulis ; epider-
mide luteo-oliva, transversim striata ; margarita alba et valde iridescente.

i7a6.— Isthmus of Darien. H. C. Caldwell, M. D., U. S. Navy.

Melania plaxensis. Tests. Isevi, subfusifomii, magna, crassS, tenebroso-
t'uscS, ; obsolete maculata ; spira elevata, conoidea ; suturis paulisper impressis :
anfractibus instar novem, convexiusculis, striis transversis esdlissimis impres-
sis ; apertura, grandi, ovata, superne angulata, intus fuscata ; labro acuto :
columella albidu, superne inspissata.

Operculo tenebroso-fusco.

Uab. — Plan and Omoa, Valley of Ulua River, Atlantic slope, Hondura?.
J. L. LeConte, M. D.

Memoranda of the effects of Carburetted Hydrogen Gas upon a collection of

exotic Plants.
BY GEORGE W. FAHNESTOCK.

During the prevalence of severe cold weather in the latter part of January,
and first few days in February, 1857, the earth was frozen to an unusual depth.
Beneath the stone pavements in the streets of Philadelphia, the frost penetrated
to a depth of more than three feet. In the neighborhood of Arch and Eighteenth
streets, and along both those streets for the distance of nearly one hundred
yards, the escape of gas from the main pipes under the street had been rc-
"marked for several weeks. Leaks at the joints had probably existed for months,
although the porous nature of the soil had allowed the gas to diifuse itself, and
find numerous vents at the surface. But the solid crust of frozen earth forced
it to seek other channels of escape.

At this time, with the thermometer ranging from zero to 10° or 15" Fahren-
heit, a current of gas, penetrating the imperfectly secured, joints of the main

[May.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 119

pipea, made its way beneath the eastern foundation wall of the greenhouse of
B. A. Fahnestock, on the southwest corner of Arch and Eighteenth Streets.*

When entering the houses on the morning of the first of February, the odor
of gas was perceptible, which, on examination, was found issuing in a tolera-
bly strong current through the ground near the north eastern corner of the
greenhouse. It came up through a prepared border of soil between the wall
of the house, and the flagging of the greenhouse floor. Although somewhat
relieved by ventilation during the day, it was impossible to prevent its accumu-
lation through the night ; and by the following morning the work of destruc-
tion was accomplished. A choice and beautiful collection, numbering over
three thousand plants, was, for the time being, almost utterly ruined. Many
of the specimen plants were unique, and but rarely found in American collec-
tions. The house, which a day or two before had given promise of an abundant
succession of winter flowers, now presented the desolate appearance of tender
vegetation after a severe frost. In some parts of the premises, scarcely a single
plant retained a leaf or bud. By the universal difi"u3ion of this gas through
the houses, many of the severest sufi'erers were those farthest removed from
the point of its ingress.

That the plants had been absorbing carburetted hydi-ogen for some time was
evident from the fact, hitherto unaccountable to the gardener and ourselves, that
they had been occasionally shedding buds and leaves. Had there been no
plants in the house, the peculiar odor of gas would doubtless have been per-
ceptible for some days before the accident. Its volume proved to be much
greater than we at first supposed. Those plants placed upon or nearthe floor,
or upon the lower tiers of staging, sufi"ered less than the taller specimens, or
than such as were near the upper sash. This was especially the case with
the Camellias, and other hardwooded plants.

The full extent of the damage was not apparent at first. Many plants main-
tained their fresh greenness without becoming shrivelled, or withering ; yet
although seemingly in fine health, they shed every leaf at the slightest touch.
Syringing was resorted to with the hope that the absorption of water might,
in some degree, counteract, or neutralize the noxious eftects of the gas ; but in
most instances, the leaves and buds fell oflT when treated with gentle streams
of water from a finely perforated syringe.

Aa no plant sufl'ered unless in leaf at the time, it seems evident that the
injury was eff'ected and sustained by absorption through the medium of the
foliage alone. The volume of gas was too small to be absorbed to any extent
by the earth, or roots of the plants. Bulbs, and other plants, dry and at rest,
were distributed in considerable number through the houses, both upon the
upper shelves and beneath the staging.

A row of grape vines (not in leaf) stood against the eastern wall within the
greenhouse, growing in a prepared border of earth under the table. The
gaseous current passed directly through their roots. Saturated as the ground
seems to have been with fresh gas, which was strongly manifest on taking up
a handful of the earth, they do not appear to have sustained any injury there-
by. A row of maple trees along the outer edge of the footwalk on Eighteenth
street were also directly in the way of the current. They were not more than
eight feet from the leaking pipes. Owing to the depth of frost it is probable
that the flow of gas passed beneath their roots ; nevertheless the ground within
a few feet was black with the " dead gas." They sustained no apparent injury,

* In order to convey as correct an idea as possible of the relative positions of the plants
within the houses, it may be proper to observe briefly that the greenhouse is one hundred
feet in length by twenty -five in breadth, runs north and south, and is substantially con-
structed of brick, with a span roof of sash. The western side is also of glass from within
Jour feet of the ground. The span commences about eight feet from the floor, with the
apex about seventeen feet in height, included within the same range is the hot bouse,
separated from the greenhouse by a sash partition, andc(>mmunicacing by two sash doors
At the extreme end, farthest from the leak, a amali orchid house opens into the bot-bouse.

185».]

120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

put forth their leaves in the spring, and grew through the season with their
usual vigor.

As a general rule the hardwooded plants fared the worst. Succulents were
the first to wither, and the first to recover. Large numbers of both hard and
softwooded lost their tender twigs and young wood, which withered and re-
quired pruning as far back as the sound growth. While some showed signs
of life, and beg^n to put forth leaves within a few weeks, others lingered for
months ; some died after a sickly existence, and many were killed outright.
Some plants near the leak, and under the full influence of the gas, manifested
no apparent injury ; others in the remote orchid house were violently aflected,
exhibiting an astonishing sensibility. It seems rather anomalous, that of the
Orchidaceae, whose sustenance is derived mainly from the atmosphere, every
individual should have exhibited a total indifference to the gaseous influence.
Several large specimens of Bletia Tankervillicea, as well as plants of Ci/pripedinm
venustum, and insigne, passed unscathed through the heat of the battle.

That plants in general are peculiarly sensitive to this gas, even when it is
almost consumed by combustion, seems to be well established. The experience
of florists who supply blooming plants at entertainments, is, that the plants
having been thus exposed are often in a sickly condition for some time there-
after. This is especially the case with Camellias. They frequently shed their
foliage, and have been known to die after an exposure of a few hours in rooms
where many gas lights were burning. This has no doubt been caused in part
by the heated and impure air arising from crowded assemblages, but, if so,
similar efiects would be alike apparent in Horticultural exhibitions when open
only by daylight.

No experiment similar to that which we are about to record has ever, to
our knowledge, taken place upon so great a scale, or included within its range
so large a number of genera. Solitary instances have been occasionally noted
in which a limited number of species have been brought within the influence
of acid and inflammable gases. Examples are not wanting, indeed, to confirm
the destructive effects of carburetted hydrogen on vegetable organism. Many
of the fine old elms in the streets of New Haven have been killed by leaks from
the neighboring main gas pipes. Similar effects have been observed in Boston,
Albany, and other cities in the United States.

In a review of a paper entitled " Ueber Gasfahrikation und Gasheleuchtunc)
com sanitcitspolizeilichen Standpunkte ; von Dr. Innhauser. {Wien. Wochenbl. 35,
1856,)" the author quotes the observation of M. Ulex, of Hamburg, as follows :
" In this city there are a great many linden and elm trees. In 1851, one hun-
dred and fifty-nine of these trees had to be cut down because they had died.
It was found that the bark immediately above the ground, often as far up as
eight to ten feet, was quite loose, and completely separated from the wood ; the
roots soft and red, the fibres of the roots soft and rotten. The interior of the
trees were perfectly sound. This injurious effect upon the trees is not only
caused by the gas which escapes unburnt in the flame, but more particularly
by that gas which leaks through the pipes in the ground. It was sometime*
perceived at a distance of flfteen to twenty-five paces from the pipes. The
same observations were made in Paris, Bordeaux, DiJsseldorf, Mannheim,
Basle, and Vienna. Professor Bertulus, of Marseilles, thinks that the com-
binations of sulphur and ammonia in the gas saturated the ground with hydro-
sulphate of ammonium, which also causes the black color of the soil."* (See
Schmidt's Jahrbucher der gesammten Medicine. Band. 96, 1857. No. 11.)

* Although not strictly within the range of the subject at present under consideration.
It may not be out of place to remark that many instances are on record which show that
vegetation has been seriously injured by acid gases from manufactories, especially in
Belgium and Prussia. The same causes are said to have produced similar effects in a
modified form in the vicinity of Philadelphia. This may account for the unusual mor-
tality among the Liriodendron tulipifera, and other indigenous forest trees, killed from
time to time in Penn Square, in the neighborhood of the United States Mint.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

121

In reviewing these simple facts several questions naturally arise which
possess more than ordinary interest for the vegetahle physiologist, and may
lead one step towards eliciting new developments in the chemical organization
of plants.

Although no narrow nor definite limits can be drawn, still, the general char-
acteristics tend to prove that a sympathy does often exist between genera of
the same natural order. In glancing over the following memoranda of the
effects of carburetted hydrogen gas upon each genus, this sympathy is fre-
quently apparent throughout the various members of a family.*

Without venturing on further comment or attempting more than a brief out-
line, these facts are presented with the hope that the attention of chemists in
their experiments upon vegetable organism may be directed towards further
researches. It may be well enough to remark that the enumeration of the
species under each genus was not deemed necessary. Wherever they were
differently affected they have been so specified.

The natural classification of Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom has been adopted
in the arrangement which follows, and the remarks are as much condensed as
practicable.

In the Transactions of the Society for the encouragement of Industry in Prussia, (1857)
is published an interesting extract from a report by Prof. Dr. E. L. Schubarth, of Berlin, to
the Belgian government, " on the acid gases which escape from the manufactories of sul-
phuric acid and of soda, and the means to render them innoxious." It seems that " numer-
ous complaints of the farmers that the vapors from the chemical manufactories in Belgium
injured the vegetation of the fields and gardens, induced the government (of Belgium.;
to appoint a commission to examine this matter. This commission consisted of chemists,
botanists and farmers. During the summer of 1855, the excitement among the people,
who even ascribed the potato-rot to ihe influence of the chemical factories, had so much
increased that several attacks were made upon the factories. The government, therefore,
increased the number of the commissioners, and at the endof the year, they made a report
which was published under the title " Fabriques de produits Rapport a M. le ministre de-
rinterieure par la commission d'enquetre, Bruxelles, 1856." They say it was an admitted
fact that vegetation is injured by the acid gases from chemical works, but this influence
is often overrated ; the spots on the leaves, and injuries of the flowers ascribed to acid
gases, are very frequently the result of other causes, as frost, microscopic, vegetable, and
animal parasites, deposits of foreign matter upon the leaves, very intense sunlight, etc.
The potato-rot is certainly neither caused nor increased by these gases. On the other
hand, chemical investigations proved the presenceof traces of hydrochloric acid in spotted
leaves, and in the dew upon the plants. Similar spots could be artificially made by mois-
tening the leaves with dilute hydrochloric acid, the presence of which could be proved
after an interval of eight days. The report contains a list of trees injured by these gases,

* Several chemists of high reputation have made examinations of the gas of the Phila-
delphia Gas Works, but, from some cause, their results are at variance. In order to facili-
tate the further researches of such as may desire to investigate its effects on vegetable
organism, I insert the analysis of Dr. C. M. Wetherill, made in 1852, for the'engineer o;
the Philadelphia Gas Works. This is probably as nearly correct as can at present be-
determined.

Percentage by volume, gases dry, at 0° centigrade, and 1000 Millimetres Barometer.

Carbonic Acid, ....

defiant gas and hydrocarbon vapore,

Oxygen,

Hydrogen,

Light carburetted hydrogen, .
Carbonic oxide, ....
Nitrogen.

00.000

8.157
0.052

B. 1 I B. 2

8.963'

0.136,

44.168

41.620

5 081
0.059

loo.oooi

9.023
0.120

Journal of Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, July, 1654. Vol. xxviii. No, 1. 3d seriee
1848.] 9

122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

ACROGENS.
LYCOPODIACE^.

LTCOPODI0M were not visibly affected. Large plants of L. Willdenovii, L.
caesium arboreum, and L. umbrosum were within a short distance of the green-
house door.

SEIJV.GINELLA. Aboxit twelve species were in the orchid house, none of which
were affected.

POLYPODIACE.^.

In a collection embracing nearly one hundred and fifty species of foreign and
tropical Ferns, and comprising many hundred seedlings within the pots of
orchids and other plants, no special change was observable. In some instances
they became slightly yellow in the fronds, but their growth and health were
not affected.

ENDOGENS.
ARACE^.

Caladiuk. a fine plant of C. pictum was killed. It withered to the root at
once, and never recovered.

Philodendron was not affected.

DiEPFBNBACHiA. A plant of D. seguina picta was very slightly affected.

PANDANACE^.
Pandanos. Several fine specimens of P. Javanicusfol. variegat. in the hot-
house were killed. Tlie foliage became yellow, and withered, and the plants
soon died. A plant of P. graminif alius, also in the hothouse, was much injtired.
lost a part of its leaves and recovered slowly. Several plants of P. Javanicus
fol. var. in the orchid house were not injured.

PALMACEiE.

Chaimerops humilis became yellowish and sickly for some weeks, but did not
lose its foliage, and gradually recovered.

Ph(Emk dactylifera was not affected.

BROMELIACE^.

Abchkea, Billbergia, Pitcaiknia, Veiesia, Tillandsia, Dtckia, Melinonia,
PotJRRETiA, Puya. With the exception of Puya Altensteinii, which turned
yellowish for a few weeks, no perceptible change was apparent in any of the
Bromeliaceae. A large number of individuals of this family were growing iu
the hot and orchid houses.

H^MODORACE^.

Barbacehia Rogierii was not sensibly affected.
AMARYLLIDACE^.

Amaryllis, Brcxsvigia, Crinum, H^manthus, Hymexocallis, Alstromeria.
The greater number of bulbs, being dry and at rest, were not affected. Such as
were in leaf, including Crinum amabile, showed yellow leaves, but were not
otherwise injured.

Agave. Several specimens of A. Americana and A. variegata changed
color. Their leaves turned yellowish, assuming a somewhat flaccid appearance.
They recovered gradually through the spring.

IRIDACE^.
DtETES, Witsenia, wcrc not affected. Ixia lost the flowers.

MUSACE^.
HfOJCOifiA angvstifoUa turned somewhat yellow, b«t soon recovered.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 123

MnsA. Some plants turned slightly yellow ; the genus was very lightly
ajffected.

Stkelitzia regina passed through the ordeal without injury.
ZINGIBERACE^.

Zingiber, diy and unaffected. Cdrcuma were not affected. Kcempferia, not
affected. Amomdm, dry and not affected. Hedychium, not affected. Alpjnia,
not affected.

None of the genera in this order were visibly injured. Some few were in
leaf at the time, but the greater part were dry and not growing.

MARANTACE.^.
Maranta. None of this genus were affected.
Calathea zebrina was not injured.

ORCHIDACE^.
Bletia, Cypripedicm. These two genera were the only plants of this order
directly exposed to the influence of the gas. They were not injured ; nor could
any effect be perceived in such orchids as happened to be in the hot house near
the door of the orchid house. Of the collection within the orchid house not one
exhibited any change.

COMMELYNACE.E.
Tkadescantia discolor has spread itself for a distance of more than twenty
feet beneath one of the side tables in the hot house. No visible effects were
observable.

ORONTIACE^.
Calla turned slightly yellow.
PoTHOs crassinervis was not visibly injured.

LILIACE^.

LxLiTTM all turned yellow. Gloriosa, dry and unhanned. Agapanthus all
turned yellow.

Velthemiia viridijlora was in flower at the time. The leaves turned yellow,
but the plant soon recovered.

Aloe. None of the genus were affected. ORNrrHOGALUM, dry and unaffected.
Lachenalia tricolor lost all its leaves and flowers ; recovered slowly.
CoEDYLiNE congesta was not injured.

Deac^na. Of sevei'al species in the hot house, none showed any change
except D. Brasiliensis, which turned yellowish, but soon recovered.

GYMNOGENS.

CYCADEACE.^.
Cycas revoluta was not perceptibly affected.
Zamia were not sensibly affected.

PINACEiE.
Thuja were considerably injured in their entire loss of foliage ; they re-
covered slowly.

LiBOCEDRUs Chilensis was not affected.

TAXACE^.
Taxus lost all their foliage, being near the leak. Their recovery was very
gradual.

ToEREYA were not affected.

1858.]

124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

EXOGENS.

MORACEiE.
Fictrs. A very large specimen of F. elastica was somewhat injured. A por-
tion of the foliage dropped off, and the remaining leaves exhibited a yellowish,
sickly appearance for several months.

EUPHORBIACE^.

Epphoebia jacquinijlora was powerfully affected. All the individual plants
of this species lost every leaf and flower, and recovered very gradually.

PoiNSETTiA pulcherrima was affected in the same manner ; not a leaf or
bractea remained.

Ceoton. All the species lost their foliage, taking the spring and nearly all
.-iummer to recover.

BEGONIACE^.

Begonia. All the plants of this genus, embracing many species, suffered in
the loss of flowers, and a part of the foliage. They all recovered, however, in
the course of a few week

PASSIFLORACE^.

Passifloea, were but slightly affected.

Tacsonia, of several species, all lost their leaves and young twigs, but re-
covered.

CRASSULACE^.

Cbasscla. This genus seemed peculiarly sensitive to the gaseous influence.
They all withered down to the root at once, and were killed outright.
RocHEA, were not visibly injured.

TURNERACE^.
TtJBKEEA elegans lost all its foliage, and recovered again.
CISTACEiE.

CiSTtJS. Every individual of this family was immediately affected. They
shed all their foliage, and such as were in flower dropped their bloom : they
all recovered.

BRASSICACEiE.

Alyssum lost all their blossoms and foliage — recovered.

RESEDACE^.

Reseda lost both leaves and flowers, and recovered.

BYTTNERIACE^.

Mahebnia odorata, and varieties, were quick to lose all their leaves and
dowers. They remained for some time to all appearances dead, but slowly
recovered, with the loss of all the young wood.

TROP^OLACEiE.

Teop^olcm. Some fine specimens of T. azureum, T. tricolorum, T. Jarrettii,
and other varieties were killed at once to the ground. Although a year has
elapsed, they have not yet exhibited signs of vegetating, although still alive.

MALVACE^.

Alth^a, Malva, ABtmiiON, Hibisctjs. Every individual in this order lost its
r^ntire foliage and flowers. In those of the genus Abutilon, the young wood
was killed. They all recovered after some weeks.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 125

TILIACEiE.
Spaemannia. a large old specimen of S. Africana lost all its leaves and
flowers. It had to be cut back, and recovered slowly.

TREMANDRACE^.
Tetratheca Hugelii lost all its leaves — recovered slowly.
Tkemandka ericoides dropped both, leaves and flower-buds — recovered
slowly.

POLYGALACE^.

PoLYGALA oppositi/olia, p. Dalmasiana, and others, were quick in feeling the
deleterious iniluence of the gas. They lost all their leaves and flowers, had to
be closely pruned, and were slow in regaining their strength.

MuRALTiA Heisteria, quickly lost all its leaves and flowers ; it never recovered,
but lingered a short time, and died.

ACERACE^.
Acer. A row of silver maples (A. dasycarpum,) planted along the pavement
on Eighteenth street, stood directly in the way of the current of escaping gas.
They vegetated as usual in the spring, and grew vigorously through the season.
The depth of frozen earth enveloping their roots, caused the gas to flow beneath,
without doing them any injury.

MALPIGHIACE^.

Malpighia coccigera was stripped of every leaf, but recovered.

Stigmaphyllon ciliatum lost all its leaves, recovering slowly.
TERNSTROMIACE^.

Laplacea was powerfully affected. It lost all its leaves, and after lingering
awhile with feeble vitality, died.

Camellia. These were in the full glory of bloom. About one hundred and
twenty varieties were distributed through the green-house, embracing many
large old plants upon the upper staging. In a day or two after the entrance of
the gas, not a leaf, bud, flower, or wood-bud remained upon the largest and
finest plants. The leaves did not shrivel, nor did they change color. At the
slightest touch they fell off in showers. Those nearest the roof suffered most
severely. A plant, which to an observer would seem to be in healthful vigor,
would lose every vestige of greenness in a moment, upon being slightly shaken,
and appear like a naked dead shrub. Tliey had to be cut back extensively,
some to the main stem, but the largest and noblest specimens were too much
injured ever to put forth again. Others vegetated feebly, and revived slowly.
The nurture of years will be requisite to restore them to their former condition
and appearance,

Thea viridis was affected in the same manner, but recovered more readily.
CLUSIACE^.

Mammea Americana lost all its leaves, and was so badly injured that it died.
MAGNOLIACE^.

Magnolia pumila and M. fuscata lost all their foliage, but recovered througli
the summer.

Tasmannia lost all its leaves, and recovered agaiu.
FUMARIACE^.

Diblytra spectabilis suffered considerably in the loss of its leaves and flower
buds, but finally recovered.

BERBERIDACE^.
Berberis Darwinii lost all its leaves and buds ; recovered slowly.
1858.]

126 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

VITACE^.

Cisscs discolor, although far removed frcm the source of the mischief, was
unusually sensitive. The whole plant withered, leaf, tendril, and branch, and
was almost immediately killed.

ViTis. A row of foreign grape vines, planted in a prepared border inside of the
green-house, and trained up the wall and along the rafters, were not in leaf at
the time. The gas passed directly through their masses of fibrous roots. On stoop-
ing down, the strong odor of gas was encountered for some distance. This was
more apparent on taking up handfuls of the fresh earth, which was unmistaka-
bly foetid. Notwithstanding these facts, the vines vegetated early in the Spring,
and grew vigorously, although they bore no fruit. As their roots lay directly
within the gaseous influence, it is reasonable to attribute their preservation to
their state of inaction at that time.

PITTOSPORACEiE.
PiTTOSPORtTM. Large old specimens were considerably injured. They lost
not only all their foliage, hut the young wood. P. Mayii lost its leaves. They
all recovered slowly.

SoiiLTA heterophylla lost all its foliage — recovered.
EPACRIDACEiE.

Epacris. The collection embraced many new and rare varieties, some re-
cently imported. Being in good health, the greater part were in bloom, but
they were denuded of leaf and flower. Some died ; the majority struggled for
life through the summer, and finally recovered. This genus was most severely
injured.

FRANCOACE^.

Fkancoa sonchifolia lost all its foUage — recovered.

ERICACE^.

Erica. They were somewhat slow in manifesting their injuries. No posi-
tive change was apparent for some days, after which they shed their leaves.
They have never recovered entirely, and some have died.

Andromeda lost all the leaves and flowers, and recovered.

Clethra were bared of every leaf, and had to be cut back ; they recovered
shortly afterwards.

Azalea. A large number of fine specimen plants, including about seventy
hybrid varieties, were upon a latticed table immediately over the leak. They
lost nearly all their foliage, and dropped their flower buds. A few lingered on
and died, but the greater part recovered entirely.

Rhododendron. Numerous large specimens, embracing many hybrids, were
in difierent parts of the green-house. They did not show any change for some
days, then gradually dropped their flower buds, and a portion of the foliage.
They recovered gradually.

AURANTIACE^.
LiMOsiA, Citrus. These plants were keenly sensitive. Large old specimens,
growing in tubs on the upper platform, were stripped at once. The stage was
covered with leaves, and oranges and lemons in all stages of growth, from fruit
just formed to that fully matured. The tender wood was blackened and killed,
so that they had to be cut back to the main branches. Attention, and careful
nursing restored them somewhat, although they are very slow in recovering
their former vigor.

RUTACEiE.
AiiMBmEA macropetala lost its foliage, and recovered.

ZiERiA macrophylla lost all its foliage, was much affected, and recovered but
slowly.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127

BoKOtfiA. All the members of this genus were considerably injured. They
sustained the loss, not only of all their foliage and flower buds, but of the ten-
der twigs. Ever since the accident they have been feeble and sickly, and it is
not likely that they will ever recover.

Eriostemon. Although they all lost leaves and flowers, and were entirely
denuded, they were not long in recovering, and began to put forth new
leaves in a short time.

Crowba. They quickly lost every leaf, were considerably injured, and finally
recovered.

CoKKEA. A fine collection of large specimen plants of tliis genus, were in the
green-house, just opening into full bloom. Leaf and flower at once fell off ;
they had to be pruned largely, and were long in showing signs of life. Many
were too severely injured to recover, and died soon after the accident.

Adehahdra fragrans was killed outright.

CoLKONEMA lost all the foliage, but gradually recovered.

DiosMA dropped all their leaves immediately, and were slow in recruiting.

LINAGES.

LiNQM trigynum. A fine large specimen plant in full flower lost every leaf
and blossom. It required close pruning, and recovered in a few weeks.

OXALIDACE.E.

OxALis suffered the loss of foliage and flowers, but speedily regained their
health.

BALSAMINACE^.
Impatiens lost their flowers and foliage — recovered.

GERANIACE^.
Pelargonium. Several hundred choice plants were in training as specimens,
and placed upon hanging shelves near the sash. The effect upon them was
most powerful. It involved the entire loss of leaves and branches. They pre-
sented the appearance of plants after being scalded or severely frozen, and of
■course were killed.

PORTULACACE.E. «

OALANDKitfA brevipes lost aU its leaves, but recovered.
THYMELACE^.

Dapunb. Numerous specimens of D. odora and D. Indica lost flowers and
foliage entirely, since which time they have been sickly, and have not fully
recovered.

PiMELEA spectabilis, a splendid plant, perhaps one of the finest specimens
of its kind in the country, was ruined. It shed all its leaves and flower buds,
but from its vigorous habit put forth again. After lingering a few months, it
withered and died.

PROTEACEiE.

'Irevillea. Of three species in the Grreen-house, G. lavendulacea, G. Thele-
manniana, and G. Sternbergii, not one survived. They were too much injured
to make any effort toward resuscitation, and were killed outright.

Hakea mucronata was entirely stripped of its foliage, but gradually recovered.
LAURACEiE.

Laurds camphora shed a portion of its foliage. L. cassia and L. cinnamomum
were not affected.

FABACE^,
Brachtseha lost their foliage and flowers — recovered.
1858.]

128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

OxYLOBiuji. Of several species, every one was stripped of foliage, but they
all recovered.

PoDOLOBiuM also lost aU their foliage and recovered.

Chorozema. Fine large specimen plants were just coming into bloom. They
suffered greatly in the loss of all their flowers, and a large portion of the
foliage. Their recovery was slow.

BuKTONiA conferta was killed. B. pulchella was greatly injured, but seems
in a fair way to recover.

AoTus gracillima lost all its leaves and flowers. It put forth after a consider-
able interval, and recovered.

DiiiLWYNiA elegans lost its foliage and flowers — recovered.

EuTAXiA lost both leaves and flower buds — recovered.

Gastkolobium dropped their foliage entirely, and were slow and feeble in
recovering.

PaLTENiEA shed all their leaves and flower buds — recovered.

MiRBELiA lost all the leaves and flower buds — recovered gradually.

KovEA purpurea long/flora lost every leaf and flower — recovered slowly.

Bossi^A were greatly injured. They lost their foliage and the young wood,
and recovered slowly.

GooDiA lost all their foliage — recovered.

Templetoxia lost all their leaves, and recovered slowly.

Genista recovered, with the loss of leaves and young wood.

Cytisus onsspermum was considerably injured. It lost flowers and leaves, and
was slow in recovering.

Indigofera siLffered the loss of all the foliage — recovered.

Clianthcs magnijicus and C. puniceus were both killed. They never put
forth again after losing their leaves.

SwAiNsoxiA lost all their leaves, had to be pruned back, and were slow in
recovering.

CoRONiLLA glauca was killed. It showed no vitality after losing its leaves.

Kennedia were quibk to lose all their foliage and flowers. They all recovered.

ZiCHTA shed all the foliage — recovering slowly.

Fagelia bituminosa lost its leaves, and recovered.

PoiNciANA GilUesii lost its leaves and recovered.

Mimosa sensitiva arborea was in flower at the time. It was stripped of all
verdure, had to be cut back, and was rather slow in recovering.

Acacia. About forty species were in the green-house, many of them largt^
plants. They were covered with flower buds, and just coming into bloom.
Not a leaf, bud, nor wood-bud remained. As a general thing, the young wood
was so injured as to render it necessary to cut them back to the main trunk.
Several very large specimens of A. pubescens had to be entirely topped. In a
few weeks they showed signs of life, grew with vigor, and at this time seem as
liealthy as before the accident.

Calliaxdra brevipes lost its foliage, and recovered.

Inga were very sensitive. They lost their foliage amongst the first, but with
commendable vitality were as quick in putting forth again.

ROSACEA.
Rosa lost all their flowers and foliage ; owing to close pruning, which was
necessary, they recovered slowly.

Spir^a. They were in full flower. Every leaf and blossom dropped ofl:
after a few weeks they put forth again.

May-

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 129

HYDRANGEACE^.

Hydrangea. Thougli near the leak, as they were not in leaf, they sustained
no injury.

Adamia. Of several varieties in the hot-house, all were greatly injured.
They suffered, not only in the loss of their foliage, but in the wood also, which
had to be closely cut back. Their recovery was slow.

Bauera were also severely affected. They lost all their leaves immediately,
and recovered slowly.

LYTHRACE^.

Cuphea. They were quick to lose all their leaves and flowers, their branches
looked withered for a while, but they finally put forth on the old wood.

RHAMNACE^.
Ceaxothus divaricatus suffered the loss of all its foliage ; recovered gradually-

CELASTRACE^.

Evosrmjs Jimbriata, although a plant of apparently hardy growth, was one of
the first to suffer. Being near the leak it dropped every leaf immediately, and
was long in recovering.

APOCYNACEiE.

Allamanda. Numerous large specimen plants of J., cathartica, A. neriifolia,
A. verticillata, A. grandiflora, A. Schottii, &c., were growing in the hot house.
Every plant was seriously injured in the loss of wood-buds and leaves. Although
their recovery seemed doubtful for some time, they slowly regained their
foliage and former vigor.

Akduina bispinosa, lost part of its leaves, but was not much injured.

Alyxia lost all the foliage, and recovered again.

VnfCA lost all their leaves and flowers — recovered.

Plumieria rosea shed its foliage — recovered.

Strophanthus lost their leaves and recovered.

Beaumontia lost all their foliage and buds — recovered slowly.

Rhtkcospermum jasminoides was sensitive to the influence of the gas. It re-
covered slowly after the total loss of leaves and flowers.

Echites Harrisii lost all its leaves, although growing in the orchid house.
Had it been nearer the leak, it would no doubt have been killed. E. picta.
although much nearer the leak, was not so sensibly affected.

Dipladenia crassinoda was strongly affected, as was the case with D. uro-
phylla. They lost their leaves and young branches.

Rodpellia recovered after the loss of all the foliage.

gentianacEuS:.

Chironia lost all their leaves and flowers, recovering very slowly.

OLEACE^.

Oi^xfragrans was specially sensitive. Of numerous specimens in different
parts of the house, all lost every leaf and flower, and were very slow in re-
covering.

SOLANACE^.

Brugmansia Knightii sustained the immediate loss of all its foliage, and
quickly recovered.

1858.] 10

130

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

SoLAXDRA lost all foliage, and was considerably injured — recovered with the
loss of young wood.

JcAxtJLLOA lost all its leaves and recovered.

Cestkum. All the species lost their leaves and flowers, and recovered.
HABKOTHAMN0S lost part of their foliage, and dropped all the flowers. They
recovered without sustaining permanent injury.

Fabiana lost foliage and flower buds, and recovered.

ASCLEPIADACE^.

ScHUBERTiA gvaveoUns lost all its leaves, and was too severely injured to sur-
vive. It died soon afterwards.

Physianthus lost all the foliage, and recovered slowly.
AscLEPiAS curassavica lost flowers and leaves — recovered.

DiCTTAMTHus Pavonii was considerably injured by the loss of leaves, but
recovered very slowly.

Pesgulakia odoratissima lost only a portion of the foliage, and recovered.

Stephanotis Jloribunda, as well as 5^. Thouarsii, were fine large healthy
plants. They lost their foliage and died, although considerably removed from
the leak.

Crtptolepis longijlora lost its flowers and the greater part of the leaves. It
suffered greatly, and its ultimate recovery was for a long time a matter of un-
i^ertainty.

Ctetoceras multiflorus and C. reflexus, although in the hot-house, were both
killed at once.

HoTA. Numerous specimens of a dozen species were distributed through all
the houses. No decided effect was observable in any individual. They did
not shed their leaves.

Cbropegia elegans lost all its foliage, and recovered.

Stapelia were not affected in any perceptible degree.

CONVOLVULACEJE.

Ipomcea HorsfallicE although far remote in the orchid house, lost all it*
leaves and flowers. It showed itself to be unusually sensitive.

POLEMONIACE^.
Cantoa lost all their leaves, and recovered.

PLUMBAGINACE^.
Plcmbago lost all their flowers and foliage ; were not long in recovering.
PRIMULACE^.

Primula. They were all cut down to the ground, but in a short time grew
out again.

Cyclamen lost all their flowers, but were not otherwise injured,

MYRSINACEJi;.

Aedisia crenulata and A. crenulata fruct. alb. were entirely stripped of leaves
and berries. Being powerfully affected, they were some months in recovering,

JASMINACE^.

Jasminum of several varieties lost all their flowers and leaves. They grew
out, after lying prostrate several months.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. * 131

EHRETIACE.E,

Heliotkopitjm. Many plants of this genus were in flower. Strange to say,
they were but slightly affected, and lost neither flowers nor foliage. This
seems the more remarkable, as their peculiar sensibility to the smoke of to-
bacco renders it necessary to remove them from the houses, when fumigating
to destroy the aphides, or green fly. In this instance they grew on and flowered,
entirely regardless of the destruction around them.

LAMIACE.^.

Salvia sufi'ered in the loss of all their foliage and young wood ; they had
to be cut back and recovered slowly.

GrARDOQuiA Hookerii was one of the most sensitive. It lost every leaf, and
was a long time time in recovering.

Scutellaria lost all their foliage, and recovered.

Pkostanthera retusa was powerfully afibcted ; it lost all its foliage and was
killed.

Westringia lost all the foliage, and recovered.

VERBENACE^.

Verbena were not much injured.
Lantana were dry, and uninjured.

Clerodendkon were mostly dry, and unaffected. C splendens was in leaf, and
suffered considerably in the loss of foliage, but recovered.

GESNERIACEiE.
CoLPMNEA were stripped of their foliage, but recovered slowly.
Hypoctrta strigulosa lost all its leaves, and put forth in a very short time.
Nematanthus shed all their leaves immediately — recovered in a short
time.
Alloplectus lost all their leaves and wood-buds — recovered in a few weeks.
irESNERA lost all their foliage and blossoms — recovered.
A<:himenes were dry, and not affected.
Oloxinia, dry and uninjured.
LiEBiGiAlost all its foliage, and recovered slowly.

^EsoHrNANTHUs. Of uumcrous species, all were much injured. They not
oaly lost their flowers and entire foliage, but a portion of the wood. Before
the leaves dropped off they presented the usual appearance of plants badly
frozen. They all recovered during the summer.

Agalmtla staminea was in nowise affected.

MoussoNiA lost all its leaves and flowers, and recovered.

(yHiRiTA parted with all their foliage, and were slow in recovering.

FsoLOMA were not sensibly affected.

BIGNONIACE.E.

Bkjnonia venusta was planted in the open ground in the hot house. It twined
over the rafters for a great distance, and was just coming into bloom. Not a leaf,
wood-bud, or flower remained, and many months elapsed before it recovered.

Adenocalymna comosum lost all its foliage — recovered.

rfpATHODEA lost all the leaves, and recovered.

Teooma capensis lost all its leaves, and recovered.
1S5S.]

132 • PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

ACANTHACE^.

He>'feeta scandens lost all its leaves, and recovered.

Hexacenteis Mysorensis was in tlie orcMd house, side by side with Ipomoea
HoTsfallice. Wliile the latter was seriously injured, the former exhibited no
evidence of being affected.

RuELLiA /ormosa lost all its foliage, and was slow in regaining its strength.

Geissomekia lost all their flowers and foliage, but recovered rapidly.

Aphelandka had to be cut back with the loss of all their leaves and flowers.
They grew out in a short time.

Thyesacanthus rutllans lost all its leaves and flowers : it had to be cut back,
and soon grew again.

POEPHTROCOMA lauceolata lost all its foliage, which grew out rapidly in a short
time afterwards.

Cyrtasthera lost all its foliage, and recovered.

JrsTiciA lost all their leaves and flowers — grew out again.

Eeaxxhemcji recovered slowly after the entire loss of leaves and flowers.

SCROPHULARIACE^.

Browallia Jamesonii was killed. A young plant in a distant part of the
hot house was saved.

BsirasFELSiA lost all its leaves, and was thrown back for some months : re-
covered slowly.

Frasciscea. Of half a dozen species in the hot house every plant immediately
shed all its leaves and flower buds. A large specimen of F. confertiflora was
just coming into bloom. After being totally denuded, it put forth leaves and
flower buds, and was covered with blossoms. They all recovered without
serious injury.

RrssELLiA juncea lost all its leaves, and was rather tardy in putting forth
again.

DiPLACUS elegatis lost all its leaves, and recovered without further injury.
M131ULUS. All of this genus were killed. They withered to the root at once,
and showed no sign of life afterwards.
ToEEXiA asiatica lost both leaves and flowers — recovered rapidly.
Bdddlea lost all the leaves and flowers — recovered.
Verouica lost all their foliage and flowers — recovered.

LOBELIACE^.

SiPHOCAMPYLOs lost all their leaves ; had to be cut back, and grew shortly
afterwards.

Centropogon /asiuosiis lost all its foliage, and soon recovered.

GOODEXIACE.E.

Leschenaultia sufi"ered greatly in the entire loss of leaves and tender wood :
they were slow in recovering.

ASTERACE^.

Ageratum ccelesiinum lost all its leaves and flowers, and had to be cut back
to the mature wood. They were very slow in recovering.

Stetia lost all their leaves and flowers, requiring close pruning ; they grew

again.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 133

CoN'OCLiNicM lost part of their foliage, and all their flowers. They had to be
cut back, and grew again.

Aphelexis. Although slow to exhibit any change, they were sufficiently' af-
fected to retard their growth.

CiifERARiA were very sensitive ; they lost their foliage immediately, and re-
c overed.

Barnadesia rosea lost all its flowers and leaves, and recovered.

Stifftia lost all the foliage, and was slow in recovering.

COMBRETACE.E.
PoiVREA recovered after the loss of all their leaves.
CoMBRETUii lost all their foliage, and required some months to recover.
QuiSQUALis, dry, and not affected.

ONAGRACEJi;.

FccHSiA. Over fifty specimen plants, some of them more than eight feet in
height, were in the green and hot-houses, coming on for exhibition of the Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society. They were ruthlessly stripped of all foliage,
and the branches injured almost to the root. Nearly all had to be thrown away,
and the few which remained were useless for the season.

LopEziA lost all its foliage, and recovered.

MELASTOMACE^.

Cestradenia, although remote from the leak, were among the first to feel the
effects of the gas. Leaves and flowers were all killed, and the plants recovered
very slowly.

Lasiandra splendens lost all its flowers and foliage, but recovered.

Melastoma, although not much affected, did not flower as usual.

Medinilla. Of this genus, comprising a number of species, all suffered very
severely in the entire loss of leaves. Though remote from the leak, they re-
quired close pruning, and were many months in recovering.

MYRTACEJE.

Oallistemon suffered the loss of all the foliage, and recovered.
Metrosideros lost all their foliage and flower buds; they soon grew out
again.
Leptospermum lost all their buds and flowers, with every leaf — recovered.

PsiDiUM. These were severely handled. They lost all the foliage, had to be
cut back closely and were a long time in reviving.

Myrtus were denuded of all foliage — recovered with scarcely an effort.
Eugenia were slow in recovering after the loss of foliage and young wood.

CACTACE.E.

Epiphyllum. In common with all the family of Cactacea, these suffered con-
siderably. Of a large number placed upon shelves in the hot-house, all were
violently affected. The whole substance of the plant quickly turned yellow,
and became soft and flaccid, as a frosted or scalded vegetable. The greater part
were thrown away ; the remainder were long in recovering.

ESCALLONIACE^.
EscALLONiA lost all their leaves, and recovered slowly.
1858.]

134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

PHILADELPHACE^.

Deutzia lost all its flowers and leaves with severe struggling for life, and
was long recovering.

CINCHONACE.E.

SERissA/tBft'(/a dropped all its leaves and flowers, and recovered with great
rapidity.

CoFFCEA arabica was unusually sensitive. Although it stood far aloof from
the leak, it shed every leaf, and remained leafless for some time. Its growth
nas been feeble ever since, and it may never fully recover.

RoGiERA were severely injured, they all lost every leaf and flower, required
ilose pruning, and were long recovering.

Pavetta indica lost all its foliage, and recovered.

IxoRA. This genus suffered severely. Not a flower or leaf remained on any
individual, and had they been nearer the leak it is probable they would have
been killed. They were cut back closely, and have not yet fully recovered.

Oldenlandia dcppeana lost all its leaves and flowers — recovered.

Pentas lost all their leaves and flowers, had to be cut back, and were not
long in recovering.

Rondeletia lost all their leaves, and recovered.

BouvARDiA lost all their leaves and flowers ; recovered.

Manettia lost all their leaves and flowers, and recovered.

LucoLiA (/T-a^issma lost all its leaves and buds, and withered slowly away.
It finally died.

Gardenia lost all their foliage, and were slow in recovering.

OxYANTHUS lost all the foliage, and recovered slowly.

PosoQUERiA longiflora was badly injured. It lost all its foliage, had to lose
all its branches, even to within a short distance of the main trunk, and was
very slow in recovering.

Mnss.S!NDA frondosa lost all its leaves, flowers and bracteae ; it recovered
slowly.

BuRCHELLiA copensis lost every leaf and flower bud — recovered slowly.
Campylobotrys lost all its leaves and recovered.

CAPRIFOLIACE^.

Abelia. Some were not in leaf; such as were in foliage lost every leaf, and re-
covered slowly.

CORNACE^.

Benthamia lost all its foliage, and recovered.

AccuBA lost all their leaves, had to be considerably pruned, and recovered
;^lowly.

ARISTOLOCHIACEiE.

Aristolochia lost all their leaves, grew again, but have not done well since.

June \st.
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.

Mr. Slack exhibited two living specimens of Argulus catostomi, and stated
that this animal had been described at length by Messrs. Dana and Herrick in

[^June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 135

the ^Ist volume of Silliman's Journal. They, however, had found it only in
brackish vi^ater, and upon the opercuhe or gill covers. These had been found
in a creek at least fifty miles from salt water, and upon the gills themselves,
which were highly congested, apparently from the attaxks of these animals.

June Sih.
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.

Announcements were made of the death of Dr. Johannes Miiller, a
Correspondent, and of Robert A. Caldcleugh, late a member of the
Academy.

June Ibth.

Dr. T. B. Wilson in the Chair.

Thirty-three members present.

Mr. Lea exhibited a specimen of Unto rubiginosiis Lea, and remarked that, at
a late meeting, he had called the attention of the Academy to a specimen of
Unio mullipUcatus Lea, which had both leaves of the branchite on both sides charged
with young shells, which he then supposed to be peculiar to that species.
Within a few days he had received from Cincinnati a number of species in a
living state ; and he was surprised to find, in a fine female rubiginosus, which he
exhibited to the Academy, both leaves on both sides fully cliarged, the whole width,
with sacks of ova of a deep rose color. These were not matured into the perfect
shell, but each ovum was filled with red granulations, which gave a clear red tint
to the whole of the four masses. On making an incision into the abdominal
mass, he found the ovary fully charged with red eggs, which, passing out of the
cut made by the scalpel, gave the appearance of arterial blood. The mass of
the soft parts of this species is usually salmon-color or orange, but it is some-
times white, and this female was of the latter color.

June 2t1d.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-one members present.

The following papers being presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings, were referred to Committees :

Prodromus descriptionis Animalium evertebratorum, quas in Expe-
ditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem^ a Republica Federata
missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, observavit
et descripsit W. Stimpson. Pars. VI. Crustacea Oxystomata.

Descriptions of seven new species of Margaritana, and four new species
of Anodonta, by Isaac Lea.

Notes to a second edition of a Geological Map of Nebraska and KansaS;
by F. V. Hayden, M. D.

A letter from Mr. Edward Harris was read, containing the following
statements regarding specimens of Salmo Gloverii Girard, presented
this evening :
1858.]

136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Iq the first place I would remark, that Mr. Girard's description of the color of
the belly (yellowish) has doubtless arisen from his description being taken from
the specimen as preserved in spirits, as it accorded with the coloring of my
fish, which had been only two weeks in spirits ; whereas, when put in. they
were bright silvery below the medial line and over the belly, as is the case
with all the fish taken at the outlet of the Grand Lake, on the western branch
of the St. Croix River, as I also found them many years since on this stream as
well as the eastern branch, in the fall of the year. These fish are taken also
in moderate quantities lower down the stream, but in the waters below Lewey's
Island, which are of a darker color, and constantly filled with sawdust from
the mills, the fish lose their silvery brightness and have the appearance of
having been immersed in a yellowish dye; these fish, too. are always in poor
condition. In the young state, say from six to eight inches in length, they
have almost invariably an irregular row of bright red spots placed along the
medial line, some on one side, and some on the other. It was considered a
very remarkable circumstance by the fishermen on the spot, that a fish so large
as the smaller of these two should have the red spots, which this one had very
distinctly before it was put in the spirits.

It has been heretofore considered by those who were acquainted with this
fish, that they were entirely confined to the waters of the St. Croix, including
its two branches and their lakes, in fact confined almost entirely to the lakes
and their outlets; and it is only on this trip that I have heard of specimens
having been taken, as a rarity, in three small lakes which empty into the lower
St. Croix, and into the Passamaquoddy Bay. The fish described by Mr. Girard.
as found in Union River, would have but a short distance farther to travel in
the salt water before entering that river. It is therefore pretty certain that
they are, as far as yet known, confined to the waters of the St. Croix and
streams of easy access therefrom by sea. They appear not to be known
in New Brunswick, except in one of the small lakes alluded to, which empties
its waters on that side of the river. Mr. Perley is said to be unacquainted
with the fish, except from report. I will mention another fact in regard to the
Union River, which may throw some light on the history of this fish. I met
accidently at Bangor with a gentleman of that place, an ardent sportsman,
who told me he had caught in a small lake tributary to that river, a smaU
salmon ; that the waters of this lake had been dammed for saw mills about
thirty years ago, shutting ofi'as he supposed, the return of some salmon which
had entered it for the purpose of spawning, and, that they had continued to
breed there since, and had from want of access to the sea, deteriorated in size,
and said also that several had been taken since. Now this gentleman had never
seen the salmon trout (its universal name there,) of the St. Croix. Now taking
into consideration that Agassiz has pronounced this fish the true Salmo Salar,
which has at some former time, by some convulsion of nature, been shut up in
these St. Croix Lakes, and only had the access to salt water restored by
another geological change after the fish had been bred there so long as to lose
its habits of migration, we need not be surprised that this gentleman should
take this fish to be a small salmon.

These fish, as taken, may be said to run from one to five pounds in weight,
as it is veryrare to take fish of a size intermediate between the small fish with
the red spots and those of the size of these specimens. I regret that I did not
procure the small fish. I took a number of them at Lewey's Island, but could
procure no spirits to preserve them, and after returning from Calais, I could
catch none of the fish.

As a game fish, aifording fine sport to the fly fisher, I doubt whether it has
its equal on this continent, with the exception of the true salmon. Its strength
and agility are surprising; when hooked it will frequently make a succession of
leaps of two and three feet clear of the water. It is most readily taken with
the fly in the most rapid waters above the dam at the foot of the Grand Lake,
which has been made for the purpose of running logs. They are readily taken

[June,

NATUEAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 137

while the gates are up, but as soon as they are closed and the water becomes
still, they decline the fly, but will still take the bait; at this time it is necessary
to fish below the dam, where there is still a very rapid current from leakage and
overflow. The brook trout, S. fontinalis, is taken in the same waters, and in the
stiller waters above, a large lake trout, there called the Togue, which difi'ers
from the Salmo confinis of the northern lakes, by having a more deeply forked
tail like the S. sisk'wei of Lake Superior.

Another striking characteristic in the history of this fish, is the remarkable
development, in the male, of the point of the lower jaw, or chin, whereby it be-
comes elongated and hooked, during and previous to the seasons of sexual con-
nexion and spawning, which are simultaneous in fishes. This peculiarity,
which, so far as I am aware, has been heretofore considered to belong to the
type of the genus alone, the Salmo salar, adds much force to the theory of
Mr. Agassiz to which I alluded before, (and I believe I am correctly informed
that he has advanced such a theory). This fact, which I can vouch for from
personal observation as well as other undeniable testimony, will show the
necessity of a very close and searching examination of the structure and
anatomy of this fish, comparing it with the true salmon, before its new name is
confirmed. This sexual development, so strictly analogous to the swelling of the
neck in the genus Cervus among quadrupeds, seems to point to further research
among other species of the genus, that is to say, whether there is not a similar
development, though less marked, through the wliole family, as at present ar-
ranged, or if found wanting in that portion of the genus with very minute scaler.
whether it may not characterise that portion consisting of Salmo salar, this fish
and all those having larffe scales. I was struck the other day in looking over
the figures of Richardson's Trout of the Arctic Regions, that there was more
than one with the projecting lower jaw. Were not these fish taken during the
spawning season? And may they not have received another name in the nor-
mal state ? Of course the facts at present known are too scanty to found a
theory upon, but should this suggestion ultimately prove to have a foundation
in fact, it would be sufficient to authorise a division of the genus.

Dr. Mori is mentioned in connection with this subject, that he had observed
in the common brook trout (Salmo fontinalis) a similar elongation of the lower
jaw in the spawning season.

June 29th.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.

The Report of the Secretary of the Biological Department was pre-
sented.

The by-laws reported by the Committee appointed March 30th, to
draft a series of by-laws for tLe government of the Committee on Pro-
ceedings, were read for the third time, and passed.

Whereupon Dr. Fisher offered the following :

Resolved, That all previous resolutions of the Academy, prescribing
the constitution, duties and powers of the Committee on Proceedings,
be, and the same are hereby repealed.

Which was considered and adopted.

Dr. Leidy, by permission of the Academy, communicated the fact, that
about one half of the chrysalides of the canker-worm (_Endalimia), which had
recently proved so destructive to the foliage of our shade trees, were infected
by two species of /c/mewwon. One of the latter is comparatively large; and a
single individual occupies the body of a canker-worm chrysalis. The other
species is minute ; and numerous individuals occupy the interior of a chrysalis.

1858.]

138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

The death of Hon. J. E. Tyson, a member of the Academy, was
announced.

The following papers were ordered to be printed in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of seven new species of Margaritanee, and four new species of

Anodontae.

BY ISAAC LEA.

Margaritana Elliottii. — Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, postice subrotunda.
iaaequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus ; natibus prominulis,
ad apices paulisper undulatis ; epidermide micante, radiata, vel viridi vel tene-
broso-fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, tuberculatis, in utroque valvule
singulis ; margarita coerulea et iridescente.

Hab. — Cliatahoochee River, near Columbus, Georgia. Bishop Elliott.

Margaritana triangulata. — Testa lisevi, triangulari, valde inflata, postice
augulata, subaequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus ; natibus
prominentibus, tumidis, ad apices rugoso-uadulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-cas-
tauea, valde radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, crenulatis, in utroque
valvule singulis; margarita vel alba vel salmonis colore tincta et iridescente.

Hah. — Upper Chatahoochee, Georgia, Bishop Elliott. Columbus, Georgia,
Dr. Boykin, and J. Postell. Potato Cr., Georgia, Piev. G. White ; and Sawney's
Creek, S. Carolina, Dr. Blanding.

Margaritana coxnasaugaensis. — Testa htvi, obovata, postice inflata, antice.
et postice rotundata, valde inasquilaterali ; valvulis pertenuibus ; natibus promi-
nulis, ad apices rugoso-nndulatis ; epidermide viridi lutea, postice obsolete
radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, tuberculato-compressis, in utroque val-
vule singulis ; margarita cceruleo-alba et iridescente.

Hab. — Connasauga River, one of the head waters of the Alabama River, in
Gilmer Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott.

Margaritana etowahensis. — Testa laevi, elliptica, subcompressa ad lateris
planulatis, insequilaterali ; valvulis tenuibus, antice paulisper crassioribus :
natibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso-nndulatis ; epidermide luteola, postice
obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvissimis, erectis, tuberculato-com-
pressis, in utroque valvule singulis ; margarita coerulea et iridescente.

Hab. — Tennessee, Dr. Troost; Etowah River, Georgia, Rev. G. White.

Margaritana Gesnerii. — Testa sulcata, quadrata, inflata, postice obtuse
angulata, subajquilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis, antice crassioribus ; natibus
subprominentibus ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, micante, obsolete radiata;
dentibus cardinalibus parvis, laevibus, subcempressis, in utroque valvule unicis ;
margarita alba.

Hab. — Uphaupee Creek, Alabama, below Columbia, Georgia. W. Gesner and
G. Hallenbeck.

Margaritana tombecbeexsis. — Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, postice obtuse
angulata, antice rotundata, subsequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus
prominentibus, tumidis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide tenebrose-oliva, obso-
lete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, tuberculatis ; margarita alba.

jjab. — Tombecbee River, near Columbus, Mississippi. Wm. Spillman, M. D.

Margaritana Spilluanii. — Testa laevi, obovata,- antice valde inflata. postice
subbiangulata, ina^quilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus ; nati-
bus prominentibus, tumidis, ad apices rugoso-nndulatis ; epidermide rufo-fusca,
eradiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, tuberculato-compressis, in utroque val-
vule singulis ; margarita alba et iridescente.

i?a6.— Tombecbee River, near Columbus, Mississippi. Wm. Spillman, M. D.

Anodonta Hallenbeckii. — Testa sulcata, arcuata, valde inflata, postice et an-
tice retnndata, inaequilaterali : valvulis subtenuibus, antice paulisper crassieri-

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 159

Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad
Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwala-
daro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit

"W. STIMPSON.

Pars VI. CRUSTACEA OXYSTOMATA.

Leucosidea.

245. Leucosia tittata, hot. sp. Carapax rhomboides, perconvexus, sub-
caeruleus, rubro quinque-vittatxis, siiperficie punctatiis, apice productus.
Margines crenulati ; granuli marginis antero-lateralis sursum non conspicui.
Margo posterior rectus, granulatus, angulis in adultis obtusua, in junioribus
ientigerus. Frons tridentata, dente mediano magis prominente. Sinus
tboracicus profundus, pubescens, antice productus, incisura interna profunda,
rimata, externa marginem carapacis attingente. Chelipedum merus angulis
et parte basali inferiore sparsim tuberculatus, basi dense tomentosus, superne
tuberculis quinque, duobus magnis, tomento poene celatis ornatus. Manus
grandior. Pedum ambulatoriorum articuli sat dilatati. Abdomen ei L.
rhomboidalis simile, gracilius, magis minuens ; tuberculo segmenti penultimi
minuto. Appendices abdominis maris primi paris spiraliter plicatse, anfracti-
bus duobus. % Carapacis long. 0-97 ; lat. 0-85. poll. L. craniolari affinis sed
brachio ad basim tomentoso. L. rhomboidaU differt fronte tridentata.

Hah. — In sinibus prope portum "Hong Kong " Sinensem ; infundis limosis
ad prof, quinque org. vulgaris.

246. Letjcosia maculata, nov. sp. Parva. Carapax bene rbomboides, glaber,
caeruleo-fuscus, decem-maculatus, maculis parvis, rubris, in seriebus duabus
longitudinalibus antrorsum divergentibus dispositis. Frontis dens medianus
prominens, pauUo deflexus. Sinus thoracicus profundus, pubescens, non
tuberculatus, angulo antero-interno rotundato. Margo posterior convexus
leviter granulatus, utrinque obtusus. Chelipedum merus ei L. vittatce similis,
tuberculis marginalibus vero magis confertis. Abdominis maris segmentum
antepenultimum versus extremitatem paialo contractum ; tuberculum segmenti
penultimi sat grande antice excavatum. Appendices abdominis maris primi
paris spiraliter plicatse, anfr. duobus. % Carapacis long. 0-58 ; lat. 0-50 poll.
L. rhomhoidali valde affinis, diflert abdominis forma.

Hah. — Prope oras Sinenses meridianas ; in fundo concboso-limoso prof. 20
org. vulgaris.

247. Leucosia parvimana, nov. sp. Carapax longior quam latior, postice
valde convexus, latere rotundatus, apice compressus et sursum flexus ; colore
luteus, utrinque albo 2-3-maculatus, postice nigro bimaculatus, maculis rotun-
iatis. Frons ante orbitas bene producta, tridentata, dente mediano promi-
nentiore. Margines laterales serie granulorum crenulati, retrorsum post
pedes amb. primes non producta. Margo postero-lateralis inferior obscure
'^renulatus. Margo posterior obtusus, superne subtiliter crenulatus, subtus
laevissimus. Sinus thoracicus antrorsum brevis, fissuris anterioribus rimatis ;
margine supra brachiorum insertionem granis tribus magnis et duobus v. tribus
parvis ornato. Manus parva, extus margine acuta, intus obtusa, paulo crenu-
lata, digitis brevibus, debilibus, hiantibus, intus inermibus. Dactyli pedum
ambulatoriorum graciles, non dilatati. Sterni suturre profunde impresste ;
anguli postero-laterales prominentes, tuberculiformes. Abdomen maris sat
latum, segmento antepenultimo iitrinque turgidulum ; segmento penultimo
marginibus paulo dilatato, medio tuberculato, tuberculo acute retrorsum tenso.
Appendicium abdominis maris primi paris anfr. septem. % Carapacis long.

1858.]

160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

0"84; lat. 0'73 poll. L. pallidoe affinis, margine minus crenulato, et sinu
thoracico tuberculis trlbus solum magnis omato.
Hub. — Ad insulam " Selio " freti " Gaspar. "

248. Leocosia h^matosticta, Adams et WMte ; Voy. Samarang, Crust, p.
54, pi. xii. f. 2. — lu sinu " Kagosima ;" e fundo arenoso prof. 22 org. lecta.

249. Myra fugax, Leach ; De Haan ; Fauna Jap. Crust. 134, pi. xxxiii. f. 1.
— In mari Sinensi boreali ; in fundis limosis et concliosis prof. 6-25 org.
vulgaris.

250. Myka affisis, Bell; Lin. Trans, xxi. 296. — In sinu "Kagosima":
fundo conchoso, org. 20.

251. PHrLYRA TUBERCUix)SA, nov. sp. FcemiTice carapax orbiculato-rhomboi-
dalis, flavo-cinereus, convexus, superficie inequalis ; regionibus branchialibus,
post-gastrica, genitalique tumidis, confertim tuberculatis. Margines angulati,
granulis crenulati. Margo posterior rectus. Frons concava, Isevis, quam
epistoma brevior. Angulus pterygostomianus prominend, marginibus granu-
latis. Maxillipedes ext. rugulosi, linea longitudinali barbata ornati. Clieli-
jjedes breves ; mero forte granulato, prope extremitatem medio Iffivi ; mann
fere laBvi, punctata, intus margine non granulata ; digitis profunde sulcatis,
ad basin biantibus. Sternum confertim tuberculatum. Abdominis segmenta
l^rimujii secundumque granulata ; linea transversa granulorum in segmento
tertio. Carapacis long. 0*49 ; lat. 0-47 poll.

Hab. — In sinibus prope "Hong Kong " ; in arenis submersis prope litora.

252. Philyra platycheira, De Haan ; loc. cit. p. 135. pi. xxxiii. f. 6. — In
portu " Hong Kong " ; fnndo limosa, org. sex.

253. Philyka unidehtata, nov. sp. Fcemince carapax suborbicularis, antice
paulo productus ; superficie glaberrima, sparsim punctata ; marginibus late-
ralibus et posteriore continuis, crenulatis, crenulis parvis, sequalibus, obtusis.
Color pallide badius, partim coeruleo-albus. Frons medio unidentata. Maxil-
lipedes ext. planati. Chelipedes carapace non duplo longiores ; mero supeme
granulato, tertia parte antica excepta ; manu sat convexa ; digitis brevibus,
depressiusculis, intus acutis, obsolete 1- vel 3-dentatis, tertia parte anteriore
solum contiguis. Carapacis long. 054 ; lat. 0-50 poll.

• JIab. — 111 mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23° ; e fundo arenoso prof. 30 org. lecta.

254. Ebalia maderensis, nov. sp. Faminae. carapax octagonus, vel rhom-
boides angulis truncatis. Latera antero-laterale et postero-laterale pauUo con-
cava. Margo posterior fere rectus, granulatus. Dorsum valde convexum,
carina lisvi mediana e fronte ad tuberculum cardiacum acute prominens pro-
duota. Regiones brancbiales prominentes, summo granulati, granulis extemis
acutis. Frons concava, snbtUiter granulata. Spina parva ad anguluni pterygos-
tomianun. Maxillipedes ext. obsolete granulati. Chelipedes granulati, granulis
marginalibus subspiniformibus sparsis ; mero plus duplo longiore quam latiore.
Carapacis long. 0-28 ; lat. 0-30 poll.

Hab. — In sinu "Fnnchal" insula Maderse ; fundo subuloso, prof. 22 org.

255. Phlyxia QUAPRrDENTATA. Ebalia quadridentata, Gray ; Zool. Misc. p 40.
— In portu " Jackson" Australiensi ; fundo conchoso, prof. 2 org.

256. Arcakia globata, nov. sp. Foemince carapax (apice excepto) globosus,
aequalis, confertim spinosus, spinis parvis, acutis, vix granulatis, decem in
marginilDus et una in regione post-cardiaca quam reliquse majoribus. Regie
frontalis poene Isevis, postice spinulosa vel granulosa. Frontis margo arcua-
tim concavus, angulis externis dentiformibus. Chelipedes confertim granu-
lati, granulis plerumque subspiniformibus, in manu quam in mero multo
miuoribus. Digiti graciles quam palmae non breviores. Pedes ambulatorii
laeves. Carapax ruber j fronte et linea mediana albidae. Carapacis long. 0*46 ;

[Juce,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 161

lat. 0-44 poll. ; (spinis inclusis.) Ab A. erinacea differt pedibus ambulatoriis
non spinulosis.

Hab. — In mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23° ; in fundis sabulosis vel limosis
prof. 16-25 org.

257. Iphis septemspinosa, Leach. Cancer septeinsphiosus, Herbst. ; Naturg.
d. Krabben und Krebse, i. pi. xx. f. 112. — Prope oras Sinenses meridianas ; in
fundo limoso, org. 20. ; vulgaris.

258. Iphiculus spoNGiosrs, Adams et White ; Voy. Samarang, Crust, p. 57-
pi. xiii. f. 5. Maxillipedes eis Iphidis et Oreophori fere similes. — In portu
"Hong Kong " ; in fundis limoso-lapillosis, prof. 10-20 org.

259. Okeophokus rcgoscs, nov. sp. Famine carapax perlatus, subpentago-
nus, rugosus, utrinque serie fossarum elongatarum quasi erosarum v. vermi-
culatarum ad margines antero-laterales parallela insculptus. Frons angustata,
prominens. Regio branchialis lateraliter valde dilatata, postice tuberculis
capitatis partim omata. Chelipedes rugosi, irregulariter tuberosi vel erosi ;
digitis sulcatis, vix dilatatis, superne concavis, apicibus acutis curvatis ;
digito immobili quam dactylus latiore. Pedes ambulatorii marginibus tuber-
culati. Abdomen convexum, tuberculatum, tuberculis parvis, rotundatis, non
confertis ; lineis duabus interruptis carinam medianam minus convexam cir-
cumscribentibus. Carapacis long. 0-48 ; lat. 0-662 poll.

Hab. — Prope oras insulse "Loo Choo.''

260. NuRsiA PLicATA, Bell ; Lin. Trans, xxi. 307, pL xxxiv. f. 4. Cancer
plicatus, Herbst. — In portu "Hong Kong" ; fundo conchoso, prof. org. 8.

261. NuESiLiA DEXTATA, Bell ; Lin. Trans, xxi. 309, pi. xxxiv. f. 6. — In freto
"Katona" prope insulam "Ousima" ; fundo arenoso, org. 10.

Carcinaspis, nov. gen. Carapax suborbicularis, latior quam longior, de-
pressus, postice late rotundatus non laminato-expansus. Lat^era dilatata, sed
pedes non celantia. Frons rostrata, rostro brevl, late truncato. Oculi sub
carapace celati. Orbitse rotundatae, profunda, intus complete ; fissuris nullis.
Fossae antennularise parvae, ovatse, transversfe. Epistoma sat amplum, ab
apice maxillipedum externorum producto bi-partitum. Area buccalis aeque
lata ac longa. Canaliculus pterjgostomianus margine siimatus ad angulum
antero-externum. Maxillipedum externorum exognathus parvus, quam
ischium multo angustior ; mero ischio quarta parte breviore. Chelipedes
robusti, non cristati ; digitis fere longitudinalibus. Abdominis fcemime seg-
menta tertium, quartum, quintum sextumque coalita ; segmentum secundum
hastiferum. Sternum latum.

262. Carcinaspis marginatus, nov. sp. Carapax ruber, pedes albidi.
Carapax chelipedesque serie duplice granuloruTQ marginati. Superficies Ifevis,
glabra ; media parte carapacis parum convexa et punctata. Rostrum sat pro-
ductum, paulo resupinatum. Regiones subhepaticse, et margines maxillipedum
sternique confertim depresso-granulati. Chelipedes robusti, angulati ; digitis
palma dimidia brevioribus, sulcatis. Pedes ambulatorii sat dilatati ; mero
superne unicarinato ; reliquis bicarinatis ; dactylis acutis, articulis penulti-
mis non brevioribus. Faemince carapacis long. 0"25 ; lat. 0-28 poll.

Hab. — Ad Promontorium Bonse Spei ; sublittoralis inrupibus, sub lapidibus.

Crtptocnemus, nov. gen. Carapax latus, pentagonus, (vel triangularis, an-
gulis lateralibus late truncatis,) retrorsum et lateraliter valde laminato-
expansus, paulo resupinatus, pedes ambulatorios (extremitatibus exceptis)
celans. Frons rostrata, rostro lato, triangulato, resupinato. Orbitse minutae,
rotundatae, marginibus integris. Antennae externae fere obsoletae. Area
buccalis *que lata ac longa. Canaliculus pterygostomianus margine antico
integer. Maxillipedum externorum exognathus dilatatus, quam ischium non
angustior, extus regulariter arcuatus ; mero ischio tertia parte breviore. Cheli-

1858.] 12

162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

pedes laminato-cristati ; digitis brevibus. Abdomen maris angustotriangu-
latum, prope basin sub angulo recto flexum ; segmentis totis, prime nlti-
moque exceptis, coalitis. Sternum latum. Dactyli pedum ambulatoriorum
gracillimi.

263. Crtptocnemus PENTAGON0S, nov. sp. Carapax multo latior quam longior,
pentagonus, latere postero-laterali antero-laterali dimidia breviore. Dorsum
Isevissimum, medio convexum, antice leriter carinatum, regione cardiaca
parva, leviter prominente. Rostrum sub angulo 60" resupinatum, apice
acutum, lateribus convexum. Superficies inferior tota laevis, nitida. Cheli-
pedes valde depress!, glabri, cristis horizontalibus valde expansis, marginibus
profunde sinuatis vel undulatis. Digiti palmse tertiam partem adequantes ;
digitus immobilis latus ; dactylus sulcatus. Pedes ambulatorii laminato-
cristati. S Carapacis long. 0*20 ; long. 0-29 poll.

Hab. — In sinu "Kagosima, " Japonise ; fundo conclioso-limoso, org. 25.

Onychomorpha, nov. gen. Carapax unguiformis, laminatus, longior quam
latior, antrorsum angustatus, postice valde dilatatus. Frons brevissima,
truncata, non rostrata. Orbita minutissima, superne profunde fissa, intus
hiatu parvo interrupta. Fossae antennulariae obliquse. Epistoma mininum.
Antennae externse obsoletse. Area buccalis longior quam latior. Canaliculus
l^terygostomianus margine antico integer. Maxillipedum externorum articulus
basalis parvus ; endognatbus angustus, apice vix exognatbum superante,
ischio quam merus breviore ; exognathus multo endognatbo latior, extus
arcuatus. Cbelipedes depressi, manu laminiformi, digitis brevissimis, ob-
liquis, fere transversis. Abdomen maris subtriangulare, prope basin latum
utrinque tumidum, lateribus parum concavis : segmentis multis coalitis.
Sternum angustius.

264. OxTCHOMORPHA LAMELLiGERA, uov. sp. Carapax lyratus, laminiformis,
utrinque super pedes ambulatories tertios profunde sinuatus ; ad extremitatum
l)osteriorem latior. Frons truncata. Margines antero-lateraliset posterior leviter
convexi. Superficies glabra, media parce convexa, prope margines leviter
striata, striis radiatim dispositis. Regio pregastrica depressa. Maxillipedes
Iseves. Cbelipedes Iseves ; mero trigono, depresso, marginibus acntis ; carpo
parvo, extus acuto ; manu laminato-dilatata, intus subtusque pubescente ;
digitis sulcatis, quartam palmfe partem adiequantibus. Pedes ambulatorii
graciles, non laminato-cristati ; dactylis gracillimis. Abdominis maris seg-
mentum penultimum ad extremitatem acute unidentatum. % Carapacis long.
0*242 ; lat. ad extremitatem posteriorem, 0-22 poll.

Hah. — In portu " Hong Kong" ; fundo concbo-limoso, org. 10.

Calappidea.

265. Calappa cristata, Fabr. ; Suppl. 346. M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 105. Lophos philargius, De Haan. — In portu " Hong Kong" ; fundo
concbo-limoso, prof. 6 org. Etiam ad insulam "Loo Choo."

266. Calappa tubercplata, Fabr. ; Suppl. 345. Herbst. ; loo. cit. i. 204,
pi. xiii. f. 78. C. hepatica, De Haan, loc. cit. p. 70. — In freto "Gaspar" et
ad insulam "Loo Cboo."

267. Cycloes cristata. Cryptosoma cristata, Bmlle. — In sinu "Funchal"
insulse Madeirse ; fundo arenoso, prof. org. 20.

268. Matuta luxaris, Leacb ; M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 114,
Cancer lunar is, Herbst. loc. cit. iii. 43, pi. xlviii. f. 6. — Adinsulas "Bonin."

269. Matuta victor, Fabr. Suppl. 369. M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
115 ; Atlas Cuvier R. A. Crust, pi. vii. f. 1. — In mari Sinensi boreali.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 163

DoEIPPIDiE.

270. DoEippE QtiADRiDENS, Fabr. ; Suppl. 361, De Haan; Fauna Jap. Crust.
121, pi. xxxi. f. 3. — In portu " Hong Kong" in fundo limo-sabuloso prof, sex
org,

271. DoRiPPE FACCHiNO, De Haan ; Fauna Jap. Crust. 123. Cancer facchino,
Herbst. ; loc. cit. i. 190, pi. xi. f. 68. D. sima, M. Edwards ; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 157, pi. f. 11. (non Dana; Exp. Exp. Cr. i. 898.) — In mari Sinensi
prope "Hong Kong" ; infundis arenosis et limosis prof. 6-30 org. viilgaris.

272. DoKipPE Japonica, Von Siebold ; Spicilegia Faunse Japonicae, p. 14.
De Haan ; loc. cit. 122, pi. xxxi. f. 1. — In sinu "Hakodadi."

273. DoKippE GEAKCLATA, De Haan ; loc. cit. 122, pi. xxxi. f. 2. — In sinu
" Hakodadi" Japonise ; fundo limoso prof, sex org. Etiam prope oras orien-
tales insulse " Niphon," ad prof. org. 30 ; et in portu "Hong Kong" Sinensi.

274. DoRipPE SEXDEXTATA, nov. sp. Parvula. Carapax sat elongatus,
superficie inrequalis, non granulatus. Frons interocularis quadridentata, den-
tibus acutissimis subeequalibus. Fissurse supra-orbitales profundissimse, tri-
angulato-apertje. Dentes extra-orbitales graciles acuti, quam dentes frontales
minus prominentes. Dens infra-orbitalis obsoletus. Pedes graciles, cylin-
drici, asperi, penultimi ultimique paris fere simplices. Abdomen maris nee
tuberculosum nee nodulosum. $ Carapacis long. 0-275 ; lat. 0"242 poll.

Hab. — lu sinu " Kagosima" Japonise Australis ; fundo conchosoprof. org. 20.

TyjioLrs, nov. gen. Carapax oblongo-rotundatus, antice contractus, forma
fere ut in Homola ; regione faciei angusta, prominente. Regiones hepaticae
branchialesque amplre, tumidse. Apertura brancbialis afferens positione
normalis, ad basin cbelipedum. Frons quadridentata. Dens medianus mar-
ginis arese buccalis antice inter dentes medianos frontis superne visus. OculL
parvi, longitudinaliter protractiles. Orbitje profunda?, superne profunde in-
terruptje, dente in liiatu inferiore armatse ; hiatu interne magno. Antennulse
sat iong?e, biatum internum orbitarum occupantes ; fossis nullis. Antennse
externae breves, infra antennulas sitje, articulis distinctis. Maxillipedes externi
parum hiantes, valde elongati, maxillipedes internes in totum tegentes ; en-
dognathi mero quam iscliium latiore, apice acuto ad vel ultra frontis marginem
producto ; palpo ut in Leucosideis celato ; exognatho angusto, iscbium en-
dognathi vix longitudine superante. Pedes ambulatorii eis Dorippes fere
similes, dactylis vix falciformibus, non sulcatis. Abdomen sex-articulatum,
ei Dorippes simile, segmento ultimo dilatato.

275. Tymolus Japonicds, nov. sp. Carapax distincte areolatus, subtiliter
granulatus, latere tridentato, dente primo majore ad angulum liepaticum.
Dens validus in regione subbepatica. Dentes frontales parvi sed acuti, me-
diani prominentiores. Chelipedes maris asperi ; carpo ad apicem unispinoso,
manu brevi, alta, digitis magnis, palma longioribus, intus concavis. Pedes
ambulatorii graciles. % Carapacis long. 0'235 ; lat. 0-24 poll.

Hah. — In sinu "Hakodadi" insulae '• Jesso" Japoniae ; e fundo conchoso ad
profunditatem octo orgyiarum lectus.

July Qfh.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty-four members present.

A paper entitled " Descriptions of twelve New Species of Uuioncs,
and other Fresh-water Shells of the United States, by Isaac Lea," was
presented for publication in the Proceedings.

Dr. Le Conte stated, in regard to the small collection of Coleopterous Insects
of Japan presented this evening by Dr. A. A. Henderson, U. S. N., that several

1858.]

164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

of the species exhibited a remarkable resemblance to some found in the United
States. Yet this resemblance was not between species of groups peculiar to
the eastern sides of both continents, if any such exist, nor between those found
on either margin of the Pacific Ocean, but was found in species belonging to
cosmopolitan genera, and the parallelism was between those of Japan and those
of the Atlantic States. He had previously shown, in comparing the Coleoptera
of Western America with those of Europe, that where parallelism existed it was
also in genera of similarly wide distribution.

He also called attention to a very remarkable species of Carabus in the same
collection, which imitates, by its slender form and long narrow thorax, the genus
Damaster from the same region, and seems to connect the latter with the ordinary
Carabus, just as Damaster connects Carabus with Cychrus. While possessing
this remarkable form of body, however, the elytra are destitute of the apical
prolongation seen in Damaster, and the sculpture is that of certain Carabi, con-
sisting of approximate punctures, with three faint ranges of chain-like elevations.

On leave granted, the Committee appointed to confer with Dr. Hayes
in regard to his proposed Arctic Exploration, presented a Report as
follows :

That the exploration contemplated by Dr. Hayes appears to deserve the en-
couragement of all individuals or societies who possess an interest in the
advancement of science, and especially of those who cultivate the various
branches of Natural History, for the following rea.sons :

1st. The interesting problem of the existence of an open Polar Sea cannot
as yet be considered as satisfactorily solved ; as is made manifest by the
doubts recently expressed by a distinguished geographer, in a memoir read
before the Royal Geographical Society" of London. Yet tliis problem is so
intimately connected with theories of climate, not only in that region, but
over a very large partion of the Korthern Hemisphere, that its definite
solution must be considered as of the utmost importance to the study of
geography ; and it is not impossible that its investigation may lead to valuable
results of a more commercial nature. It seems probable, therefore, that this
subject will attract the attention of other nations, who are engaged in an
honorable rivalry with us in promoting the knowledge of the surface of the
earth, and it is highly desirable that the credit of furnishing the definite
solution should belong to the nation to whose energy and enterprise the
interesting results already obtained are due.

2d. The natural history of this extensive region remains, as yet, almost
entirely unknown ; while, from the peculiarities of its climate, and its
proximity to the land of the Eastern Hemisphere, it seems certain that much
valuable information as to the habits of animals and plants, and the connec-
tion of our Faunas and Floras, both ancient and modem, with those of Europe
and Asia, may be gained by such an exploration as is here contemplated.

3d. The excessive difBculties and hardships of such an exploration, serve
to deter any but the most adventurous spirits from undertaking it ; wliile the
peculiar circumstances under which both the instruments of observation and
the observers themselves are placed, render a frequent repetition of the
observations necessary to produce confidence in the results. Every encourage-
ment should therefore be extended to all who are willing to undertake the
arduous task, and capable of properly meeting its unusual responsibilities.

The Committee therefore recommend to the Academy the adoption of the
following resolutions :

Resolved, That the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, having full
confidence in the energy, ^ prudence and scientific capacity of Dr. Hayes,
recommends the Arctic expedition projected by him to the favorable considera-
tion of all who are in a position to assist him in his enterprise, believing
that its success will contribute largely to the advancement of science and to
th« honor of our country.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADEEPHIA. 165

Resolved, That the Academy wiU cheerfully assist Dr. Hayes in carrying out
Ms plans by all the means in its power. ,

The Keport and resolutions were adopted, and the Committee con-
tinued.

Juli/ loth.
Dr. Thos. McEuen in the Chair.

Twenty-three members present.

Dr. Corse observed that in pursuance of some observations made at a
former meeting, he had examined Arctomys monax, Sciurus hudsonius,
and Tamias Lysteri, and found the testicles so arranged as to be readily
drawn up into the belly.

JuJ>/ 20th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Fifteen members present. ^

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled
" Notes upon various New Genera and New Species of Fishes, in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, and collected in connection
with the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Major Wm.
Emory, Commissioner, by Charles Girard, M. D."

Jid>/ 27th.
Dr. Thos. McEuen in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

The following papers were ordered to be printed in the Proceedings :
Descriptions of Twelve New Species of TJNIONES and other Fresh-water Shells
of the United States.
BY ISAAC LEA.

Unio Roswellensis. Testa laevi, oblonga, subcompressa, ad latere compressa
postice biano-ulata, valde iacequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus subpro-
minentibus ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, striata ; deatibus cardinalibus sub-
erandibus, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo subduplicibus ; lateraUbus praelongis
tubrectisque ; margarita vel purpurea vel salraonis colore tincta et iridescente.

i7a6.— Chatahoochee River, at Roswell, Cobb Co., Georgia. N. A. Pratt, Jr.

Unio Postellii. Testa Ifevi, oblonga, compressa, postice subbiangulata, valde
inffiquilaterali; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epi-
dermide tenebroso-fusca, transverse striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, in
utroque valvulo duplicibus, crenulatis; lateralibus praelongis, laraellatis subrec-
tisque • margarita vel alba vel purpurea vel salraonis colore tincta et iridescente.

^as!— Randall's Creek, near Columbus, Georgia, Bishop Elliott ; and at Car-
ter's Creek, Baldwin County, Georgia, J. Postell.

Unio Neislerii. Testsl regulariter plicata, quadrata, inflata, ad latere sub-
planulata, valde in.-Equilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus proniinentibus tumi-
disque- epidermide nigricante, v.alde striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis,
crassis,' crenulatis, in iatroque valvulo duplicibus ; lateralibus crassis, sublongu
curvisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente.

ffab.—FVmi River, at Lanier, Georgia. Dr. H. M. Neisler.
1858.]

166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Unio Prattii. Testa Isevi, obovata, subinflata. postice et antice rotundata, ia-
aequiiaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus; natibus subprominentibus, crasse undulata ;
epidermide teaebrosa, valde radiata ; dentibus cardiualibus parviusculis, crenu-
latis, obliquis, in utroque valvule duplicibus ; lateralibus sublongis subrectisque ;
margarita alba et iridesceate.

H'fxi.— Chatahoochee River, at Roswell, Cobb Co., Georgia, N. A. Pratt, Jr. :
and Tobesaufke Creek, near Macon, Georgia, Bishop Elliott.

Unio Chattanoogaensis. Testa lasvi, obliqua, cuneata, scalenia, subinflata,
antice decisa ; valvulis percrassis, antice crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, incur-
vatis, fere terminalibus ; epidermide luteo-oliva, transverse virido-vittata ; den-
tibus cardinalibus aliquantulura parvis, erectis ; lateralibus, sublongis, crassis
subcurvisque; margita argentea et iridescente.

Hab. — Chattanooga, Tenn., T. Stewardson, II. D. Etowah Paver, Rev. G. White.
Coosawattee and Oostanaula Rivers, Georgia, Bishop Elliott.

Usio DowNiEi. Testa Isevi, elliptica, inflata, postice subbiangulata, inaequi-
laterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca,
striata; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, crenulatis, in utroque valvulosub-
duplicibus ; lateralibus sublongis, crassis subcurvisque: margarita purpured et
iridescente.

Hab. — Buck Lake, an enlargement of Satilla River, Georgia. J. C. Downie,
and J. Postell.

Uxio Satillaensis. Testa hevi, elliptica, inflata, postice subbiangulata, valde
inaequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide nigricante,
minute transverse striata ; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, subcompressis, eleva-
tis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, crassis sub-
curvisque ; margarita purpurea et salmonis colore tincta et iridescente.

Hab. — Satilla River, Camden Co., Georgia. T. C. Downie.

Usio Hazlehurstiancs. Testa Isevi, transversa, sabcylindracea, postice bi-
angulata, valde inisquilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus prominulis : epi-
dermide nigricante, subtilite striata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, tuberculatis ;
lateralibus praelongis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita purpurascente et
valde iridescente.

Hab. — Satilla River, Camden Co., Georgia. T. C. Downie.

Melania Postellii. Testa granulata, attenuata, subtenui, cornea, inferne
transverse striata ; spira elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus
subplanulatis, instar octonis ; apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida; labro acuto ;
columella torta.

Hab. — Altamaha River, Georgia. James Postell.

Paludina Elliottii. Testa subcarinata, pyramidata, subcrassa, viridi-oliva,
arctissime umbilicata, laevi ; spira elevata, subacuta, ad apicem carnea; suturis
excavatis ; anfractibus septenis, rotundata, superne obtuse carinatd, ultimo
parviusculo ; apertura subrotundata, parva, intus albida.

Hab. — Othcalooga Creek, Georgia. Bishop Elliott.

Lymnea Haydenii. Testa ovato-conica, lajvi, tenui, pallido-cornea, imperfo-
rate ; spira breviuscula ; anfractibus quinis, convexis ; suturis valde impressis ;
apertura ovata : columella fortiter plicata.

Hab. — Yellowstone and Big Sioux Rivers. Dr. Hayden.

AscYLUS Newberryi. Testa magna, obtuse pyramidata, opaca, rufo-fusca,
ad lateris paulisper compressis ; vertice subcentrali ; apertura elliptica.
Hab. — Klamath Lake, California. J. S. Newberry, M. D.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 167

Notes upon various New Genera and New Species of FISHES, in the Museum
of the Smithsonian Institution, and collected in connection with the United
States and Mexican Boundary Survey : Major William Emory, Commissioner.

BY CHARLES GIRARD, M. D.

1. Amblodox neglectus. — Profile sloping evenly from the occiput to the
snout. Posterior extremity of maxillar bone extending to a vertical line
intersecting the middle of the pupil. Extremities of ventrals projecting some-
what beyond those of the ventrals, and reaching the vent. Second anal spine
very stout. Caudal posteriorly convex.

Loc. — Common in the Province of Tamaulipas ; were first collected by L.
Berlandier. Specimens were also procured at the mouth of the Rio Grande
del Norte (Rio Bravo), by John H. Clark, under Major Emory.

2. Umbrixa PHAL.EXA. — Head somewhat less than the fourth of the total
length. Preopercular spines inconspicuous. Posterior extremity of maxillary
even with a line drawn across the anterior rim of the pupil. Outer row of
premaxillar teeth very conspicuous. Origin of ventrals placed opposite the
third dorsal spiny ray ; origin of anal situated under the eighth articulated
ray of the dorsal. Caudal fin slightly concave posteriorly.

Loc. — Specimens were collected at Indianola, Texas, by John H. Clark,
under Col. J. D. Graham, and at Brazos Santiago, Texas, by G. Wurdemann^

I. ORTHOPRISTIS.— Mouth small ; upper andlower jaws provided with smaU,
conical teeth. Edge of preopercle nearly straight and finely serrated. Spinous
portion of dorsal fin continuous with the soft, constituting one uninterrupted
fin. Three small spiny rays at the anterior margin of the anal, increasing in
size from the first to the third.

3. Okthopeistis duplex. — Body somewhat elongated, subfusiform in its out-
line. Head forming the fourth of the total length ; snout subconical ; mouth
small, and slightly protractile, with its gape somewhat oblique. Posterior
extremity of maxillary bone even with a vertical line drawn immediately in
advance of the anterior nasal aperture. Preopercular spines very small, short,
acute. Origin of dorsal fin situated opposite the branchial apertures, hence
in advance of the base of the pectorals.

Loc. — Specimens were collected at Indianola, Texas, by John H. Clark,
under Col. J. D. Graham ; and at Bi-azos Santiago, Texas, by G. Wurdemann.

II. NEOMjENIS. — Mouth large, not very protractile ; jaws equal. Velvet-like
teeth along the middle and front of the vomer, along the palatines and jaws,
the latter exhibiting an exterior row of large, acute and conical teeth ; whilst
two caniae-like, still larger, exist at the extremity of the upper jaw. Tongue
smooth and toothless. Edge of preopercle finely serrated. Gill apertures
continuous under the throat ; branchial rays seven. One continuous dorsal
fin. Caudal posteriorly subtruncated or submargiuated. Three spiny rays
at the anterior margin of the anal.

The type of this genus is Lobotes emarginatus, B. & G., in Ninth Ann. Rep.
Smithsonian Institution (1854), 1855, 332.

4. PoLYNEMUS OCTONEMUS. — May be distinguished from all its congeners by
the presence of eight thoracic filaments, the tip of the longest of which extend-
ing beyond the origin of the anal fin.

Loc. — Adult specimens were obtained at Brazos Santiago, Texas, by G. Wur-
demann ; and young ones at Galveston, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Keunerly, under
Lt. A. W. Whipple.

5. Mugil BERLAjTDrERi. — The anterior third of the dorsal and anal fins,
the base of the pectorals, and the caudal almost entirely, are protected by
small scales. Forty to forty-two scales may be counted from the branchial
aperture to the base of the caudal, and fourteen longitudinal series across the
line of the greatest depth.

1858.]

168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Loc. — Specimens collected at Indianola, Texas, by John H. Clark, under
Col. J. D. Graham; at Brazos Santiago, Texas, by the same, under Maj.
Emory ; at Galveston, Texas, by Dr. Kennerly, under Lt. Whipple ; and at
St. Joseph's Island, by G. Wurdemann.

6. Chorinemus LANCEOLATUS. — Body elongated, very much compressed. Head
constituting the fifth of the total length. Snout elongated and subconical ;
gape of the mouth oblique ; jaws subequal, lower one longest. Posterior
extremity of the maxillar bone extending to a vertical line drawn mid-
way between the pupil and the posterior rim of the orbit. Pectorals and
ventrals of naoderate development ; ventrals inserted opposite the base of the
pectorals.

Loc. — St. Joseph's Island, G. Wurdemann,

III. CHLOROSCOMBRUS.— Elongated and narrow patches of velvet-like teeth
on the jaws, vomer and palatine bones. Tongue smooth. Mouth rather small
and'slightly protractile; its gape being oblique and the tip of the lower jaw
projecting in front of the upper. Body rather short and deep, scaly ; lateral
line unarmed, that is not shielded. Pectoral fins falciform. Two small
spines in advance of the anal fin; ventrals very small.. A small, horizontal
spine directed forwards, in advance of the first dorsal.

To this genus belongs Seriola cosmopolita Cuv., Val., to which the fol-
lowing one is closely related.

7. Chloroscombrus caribb^us. — Body deep and rather short, very much
compressed, with the ventral outline more convex than the back. Peduncle
of tail exiguous ; caudal fin deeply furcated. Head constituting a little more
than a fifth of the length. Snout short, slightly protractile, the mouth being
rather small, its gape very oblique and the lower jaw projecting somewhat
beyond the upper. Posterior extremity of maxillary extending to a vertical
line drawn across the anterior rim of the orbit.

Loc. — St. Joseph's Island, Texas, where specimens were collected by G.
Wurdemann.

IV. DOLIODON. — Head small ; snout bluntly rounded, with the mouth
situated beneath it. Mouth small ; velvet-like teeth upon the jaws and front of
the vomer ; none on the palatines and tongue. Body rather short, minutely
scaly ; lateral line armed. Dorsal and anal spines united together by a mem-
brane and contiguous to the soft and articulated portion of these fins.

The type of this genus is Lichia Carolina of Dekay; and Zeus spinosus of
Mitchill will constitute a second species.

V. CARANGUS. — Narrow patches of velvet-like teeth on the palatines, front
of vomer and upper jaw, which is moreover provided with an external row of
small ones of a conical and serated form. The lower jaw having but one row
of the latter kind. Profile of head more or less rounded or convex. A small
horizontal spine directed forwards in advance of the first dorsal. Two spines
in advance of the anal. Pectoral fins elongated and falciform. Lateral line
shielded along the flanks and peduncle of the tail.

To this genus we refer, 1. Caranx carangus, Cuv., Val., under the name
of Carangus esculentus, G. ; 2. Caranx chrysos ; 3. C. fallax ; 4. C. pisquetus ;
5. C. bartkolomcei, of the same authors ; 6. C. defensor, of Dekay ; 7. C.
falcatus, and 8. C. richardi, of Holbrook.

VI. GOBIONELLUS.— Body generally elongated, scaly. Two dorsal fins ;
anal fin nearly as long as the second dorsal. Caudal fin elongated and
pointed.

Under this denomination will come Gobius lanceolatus, G. bacalaiis, G.
smaragdus and G. brasiliensis.

8. GoBioJTELLCs HASTATus. — Head contained about seven times in the total
length. Snout anteriorly, rounded, jaws subequal ; gape of mouth oblique ;

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 169

posterior extremity of maxillary extending to a vertical line drawn back of
the pupil. First dorsal lower than the second. Caudal lanceolated. Anal
fin as long as the second dorsal. Ventrals not reaching the vent. Pectorals
extending as far back as the ventrals.

Log. — St. Joseph's Island, Texas ; G. Wurdemann.

9. GrOBius LYRicus. — Head rounded anteriorly, contained five times and a
half in the total length ; jaws subequal ; gape of mouth nearly horizontal ;
posterior extremity of maxillary reaching a vertiqal line drawn through the
pupil. Dorsal fins not contiguous. Middle rays of first dorsal filiform, men-
branous at their tips, higher than the second dorsal, the posterior rays of
which, as also those of the anal, reach the base of the caudal. The latter is
lanceolated, and the anal nearly as long as the second dorsal.

Log. — Specimens were collected by G. Wurdemann, at Brazos Santiago,
Texas.

10. GoBius wuRDEMANNi. — General appearance like the preceding ; the head
is larger, the caudal fin shorter, and the anal not quite so deep. The scales
being smaller also.

Log. — From Brazos, Santiago Texas, collected by G. Wurdemann.

11. GoBius CATULus. — Head somewhat less than the fourth of the total
length. Jaws even ; gape of the mouth slightly oblique ; posterior extremity
of maxillary extending to a vertical line intersecting the pupil. Dorsal fins
not contiguous ; base of the second somewhat longer than that of the first.
Caudal posteriorly rounded. Anal rather short, and nearly as deep as the
second dorsal is high ; its origin being situated opposite the third or fourth
i-ay of the latter mentioned fin and nearly even with it behind.

Log. — Specimens procured at St. Joseph's Island by G. Wurdemann.

12. GoBius GULOS0S. — Head elongated and compressed like the body, consti-
tuting about the fourth of the total length. The snout is subconical ; the
mouth large and very deeply cleft, with its gape oblique, and lower jaw slightly
longer than the upper. The posterior extremity of the maxillary extending
to a vertical line drawn altogether behind the entire orbit. The eyes are
small. Dorsal fins not contiguous. Caudal posteriorly rounded. Extremi-
ties of ventrals extending to the vent. Pectorals well developed.

Log. — Specimens collected at Indianola, Texas, by John H. Clark, under
Col. J. D. Graham.

VII. GOBIOSOMA.— This genus is to include such species of the old genus
Gobius, and which are deprived of scales : Gohius alepidotus, G. viridi pallidus,
or G. boscii, belongs to this type.

13. GoBiosoMA MOLEST0M. — Head large, depressed, constituting a little less
than the fourth of the total length. Snout rounded ; jaws even ; posterior ex-
tremity of maxillary reaching a vertical line drawn in advance of the pupil.
Dorsal fins contiguous at their base. Caudal posteriorly rounded. Anal
shorter than the second dorsal. Ventrals quite small, not extending to the
vent. Pectorals broad and well developed, not extending beyond the ven-
trals.

Log, — From Indianola, Texas, collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D.
Graham.

14. Blennics mcltifilis. — Head contained four times and a half in the total
length. Posterior extremity of maxillary reaching a vertical line drawn through
the pupil. Four filiform cirrhi on either side. Spinous portion of dorsal fin
lower and somewhat longer than the soft portion, which is contiguous to the
base of the caudal. Caudal posteriorly rounded. Origin of anal situated in
advance of the anterior soft ray of the dorsal.

Log. — Specimens collected at St. Joseph's Island, Texas, by G. Wurdemann.

15. Eleotkis soMKUiiENTCs. — Body subfusiform. Head contained about four
1858,]

170 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

times and a half in the total length. Snout rounded ; jaws equal ; gape of
mouth somewhat oblique ; posterior extremity of maxillary extending to a ver-
tical line intersecting the anterior rim of the orbit. Second dorsal fin higher
than the first. Tips of ventrals not reaching the vent. Extremities of pectorals
stretching somewhat beyond the ventrals. Caudal fin posteriorly rounded.

Loc. — Mouth of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), and collected by
John H. Clark, under Maj. Emory.

16. OpHmiox JosEPHi. — Head contained six times in the total length. Eye
moderate ; its diameter contained four times in the length of the side of the
head. Posterior extremity of maxillar bone extending to a vertical line
drawn across the posterior rim of the orbit. Origin of dorsal fin situated at
some distance behind the base of the pectorals.

Loc. — St. Joseph's Island, Texas, collected by G. Wurdemann.

17. Belone scrutator. — Lower jaw longer that the upper ; head constituting
about the third of the total length. Middle region of cranium depressed and
scaly; gill covers, branchial apparatus, cheeks and base of lower jaw covered
with scales. Eye large, subelliptical. Anal fin larger than the dorsal ; caudal
posteriorly subcrescentic, with its lobes subequal.

Loc. — Specimens were collected at the Bi-azos, Texas, by John H. Clark,
under Maj. Emory ; and at St. Joseph's Island, Texas, by G. Wurdemann.

18. PiMELODUS vuLPES. — Allied to P. affinis, from which it chiefly diifers by
a shorter and deeper anal fin, smaller spines at the anterior margin of the
dorsal and pectorals, and perhaps a caudal less deeply furcated. The ventrals
are rather broad and short, being also inserted further apart from the origin of
the anal, since their posterior extremity extends to the anterior edge of the
latter fin and no further. The posterior extremity of the adipose fin is nearly
even with the termination of the anal.

Loc. — Fresh water, rivers and streams of Texas ; specimens collected by
John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, and by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under
Maj. Emory.

19. PcEciLiA LiNEOLATA. — Head small and pointed, entering four times and a
half in the total length. Dorsal fin of the female longer than high ; its ante-
terior margin being nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the
caudal. The caudal posteriorly rounded ofi', entering fours times and a half in
the total length. Anal fin small, inserted opposite the posterior third of the
base of the dorsal. The ventrals are small, inserted in advance of the ante-
rior margin of the dorsal.

Loc. — Specimens were collected at Brownsville, Texas, by Capt. Vanvliet,
and at Fort Brown, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Maj. Emory.

20. LiMiA pcEciLoiDES. — Body very much compressed, deep upon its middle.
Head constituting about the fourth of the total length. External row of teeth
slender and contiguous. Dorsal fin larger in the male than in the female ; its
anterior margin being nearer the extremity of the snout than the posterior
edge of the caudal, which is convex. The anal fin, in the female, is larger
than the dorsal, and inserted posteriorly to the latter ; whilst in the male the
same is situated opposite the middle region of the dorsal. The ventrals are
small in both sexes, and inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal ;
the pectorals being rather short and broad.

Loc. — Indianola, Texas ; specimens collected by John H. Clark, under Col.
J. D. Graham.

21. LiMiA VENUSTA. — Body fusiform, elongated and compressed ; the head
forming somewhat less than the fourth of the total length. External row of
teeth slender and acute, a good deal larger than in the preceding species ; the
snout is also thicker and less depressed. Dorsal fin larger than the anal, and

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 171

situated more in advance than in the species just alluded to, the same sexes
being compared.

Log. — Indianola, Texas ; collected by John II, Clark, under Col. J. D.
Graham.

22. Anguilla TYRANJfus. — Head depressed ; anterior third of body subcylin-
drical, somewhat deeper than wide, compressed upon the rest of the length.
Lower jaw the longest ; gape of the mouth nearly horizontal, its angle corres-
ponding to a vertical line drawn inwardly to the posterior rim of the orbit.
Eye well developed and circular. Teeth small, conical, disposed upon a longi-
tudinal band on either jaw and along the vomer also. Origin of dorsal fin
corresponding to the exterior third of the total length ; the origin of the anal
fin being placed somewhat anteriorly to the middle of the entire length. Scales
narrow, elongated, cellular in structure, disposed in small groups, in wliich
the longitudinal diameter of the scale assumes every possible direction.

Loo. — Mouth of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo) ; a specimen collected
by John H. Clark, under Major Emory.

VIII. NEOMUR-^NA. — Neither pectoral nor ventral fins ; dorsal and anal
low, uniting posteriorly into a point ; anterior maxillar teeth largest. One
longitudinal series of vomerine teeth. Gill apertures lateral and subcircular.

23. Neomursina nigkomaeginata. — Head subconical ; body compressed, and
tapering into a point. Mouth deeply cleft ; jaws equal ; its gape nearly hori-
zontal, and its angles extending considerably beyond the orbit. Origin of
dorsal fin situated anteriorly to the branchial apertures, which are subcircular
and rather small. The vent is placed anterior to the middle of the total
length, where the anal fin is reduced to a mere membranous ridge.

Loo. — Collected at St. Joseph's Island, Texas, by G. Wurdemann.

NEOCONGER. — Pectoral fins present ; dorsal and anal mostly reduced to a
membranous ridge, uniting with the caudal where they are better developed.
Snout tapering ; lower jaw shorter than the upper ; maxillar teeth exiguous,
disposed upon multiple series. A patch of similar teeth on the front of
the vomer, and one series along its median line. Gill ajiertures lateral, rather
large and vertical.

24. Neocongek M0CKONATUS. — The head is small, slender, narrow and pointed ;
the upper jaw protruding beyond the lower. Gape of mouth horizontal ;
its angles extending beyond the orbits. Eyes very small, subelliptical. Vent
situated somewhat nearer the extremity of the snout than the posterior edge
of the caudal fin. Origin of dorsal placed a little way in advance of the vent,
and like the anal, it constitutes a mere membranous ridge until about an
inch and a half from the posterior extremity of the body, where it expands,
fin-like, and unites with the anal.

Loc. — St. Joseph's Island, Texas. Specimens collected by G. Wurdemann.

August 2-ith.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Twenty-six members present.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings entitled,
" Mineralogical Notes, by W. J. Taylor."

Dr. Leidy made the following remarks : In the 5th volume of the Proceedings I
have described a species of terrestrial planaria (Rhync/iodemus st/lvalicus,) disco-
vered in the neighborhood of this city. This singuhir animal is exceedingly rare.
I have sought for it in many localities without having found specimens. In the

1858.]

172 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

spring of 185T, I examined damp forests in the neighborhood of Wilmington,
North Carolina, and Charleston, South Carolina, without detecting it. In Au-
gust, of 1857, while seeking salamanders and helices, in company with Dr. "Wil-
son and Mr. Conrad, on the summit of Broad Top Mountain, of the Alleghany
range, in western Pennsylvania, I found one specimen. Last month, while on
A visit to our fellow member, Mr. S. Powel, at Newport, R. I., one damp morn-
ing I observed two fine specimens of the planaria, creeping near the top of a
fence 8 feet in height. On the night of the same day, at the proposal of Mr.
Powel, by the light of a lantern, we sought for the animal about the fence sur-
rounding his grounds, and in the course of an hour we found twelve fine speci-
mens. They were obtained from all parts of the fence, some on the top, and
others on the ground.

Eight of them I have preserved alive, and now have them at my residence,
living in a glass box beneath some fragments of moist wood. Occasionally I
feed them on a crushed house-fly, which they appear to enjoy, as they suck at
it with their protruded oesophagus for an hour at a time.

They are from 5 to 7 lines long, and creep about like the slug, with their snout-
like head erect. They are light-ash colored, with a blackish streak down each
side of the back, and a blackish spot just back of the middle, corresponding in
position below with the mouth. In form they are like an awl split in its length,
the narrower end forming the head. At the base of the latter is a pair of pro-
minent black eyes. The lateral borders of the head are often inflected, and the
head itself is sometimes, in a state of rest, doubled upon the back. The intestine
presents the game dendritic arrangement as in the true fluviatile planarife.

Dr. Meigs made some remarks touching the importance of obtaining statistics
regarding the actual condition of Craniological collections, with a view to esta-
blish a system of exchanges.

August 31s^
Vice-President Bridges ia the Chair.

Twenty-seven members present.

The following paper was ordered to be printed in the Proceedings :

Mineralogical Notes.
BY W. J. TAYLOR.

Lecontile.
This new and interesting mineral is remarkable as being a double sulphate
of ammonia and soda with potash, containing two equivalents of water, and
yet homoeomorphous with the group of the anhydrous sulphates, and with
Mascagnine, which contains but one equivalent of water. According
to Prof. Dana (System. Mineralogy, p. 379), the formula for Mascagnine is
RO, SO3 -j- 2 HO, but this is a typographical error ; the proper formula for this
mineral being RO, SO3 + HO, as will be seen in Sixth Supplement to Mineralo-
gy by Prof. Dana. Lecontite and Mascagnine are consequently homoeomor-
phous, its difference in angle being about four degrees, (Lecontite, /: I^ 103°
12^ 0 : li -f 117° 7^ ; Mascagnine, /: 7=107° 40^ 0 : II -f 122° 56',) and yet
the one contains two equivalents of water and the other but one. Prof.
Dana has very kindly made the annexed measurements of two crystals, which I
sent to him soon after receiving the mineral from Dr. Le Conte, which measure-
ments I made the substance of a verbal communication to the Academy, on the
evening of the 16th of February, but owing to a mistake, it did not appear in
print (though it is recorded in the minutes of that meeting) before the
May number of the Academy's Proceedings. It was at this time supposed to be
a new mineral, from the difference in angle found by Prof. Dana between it and
other homoeomorphous sulphates ; and by a qualitative analysis that I made.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173

it was considered to be a do'able sulphate of potasli and ammonia, (the
potash, I then thought, was in excess,) and anhydrous, (in this judging er-
roneously from the form).

The composition is now definitely determined by a thorough quantitative ex-
amination, which, by the courtesy of Dr. F. A. Genth, I have made in his labo-
ratory, and whom I here thank, for the facilities afforded me in the investi-
gation of this new mineral.

Lecontite occurs in crystals varying greatly in size, some being an inch in
length and narrow prisms ; others are short, not exceeding one-eighth of an inch
in length and quite broad. The smaller crystals are more perfect in form than
the larger ones, and the angles are better defined.

The following are the measurements of Prof. Dana ; the crystals he mentions
did not admit of measurement by a reflected image, so that it was necessary to
use a candle :

Trimetric or right rhombic prism —

i2 : i2=115°

t2 : / =160° by measurement,

It: ij=127° 30^—128° (or over w, 52°— 52° 30'

r T . 1 T * A f ^ o f 76° 48' over i2
I: I (calculated from i2 : i2 = < , .„o ,.,.

*- (. 103° 12' over tl

The faces /are small and indistinct except on one side.
Taking {7 : it ^ 128° we have /: /= 103° 12'
0:ll = in° 7'
In hardnesss the crystals of Lecontite are from 2- to 2-5; when free from
the exterior organic matter they are clear and colorless; the smaller crystals
are coated with a thin crust of organic matter from the matrix.

Taste saline and rather bitter. Permanent in the air ; they contain as follows :
Ammonia, per ct. 12-94 contains oxygen 3-98")

Potash, " 2-67 " '' 0-45 }-8-93.

Soda, " 17-56 " " 4-50J

Sulphuric acid, " 44-97 " •' 26-94

Water, " 19-45 " - 17-28

Organic residue, " 2-30

Inorganic residue, " 0-11

Phosphoric acid, " a trace

There is consequently an oxygen ratio of ammonia, soda and sulphuric acid and
water, according to the numbers 8-93 : 26-94: 17-28, which is almost exactly
as 1:3:2, from which we have the general formula RO SO3 -|- 2H0, and
from this the specific formula (as Prof. Dana would write it) 2NH4 0, SO3 -rS
(NaO, KO) SO3 + 10 HO ; or ( ] NH4 0 -f * NaO, KO) SO3 + 2H0).

[It may be interesting to mention that there is an artificial salt, with a for-
mula exactly corresponding to this, and of the same form, which, though rare,
has been described by several chemists ; it contains no potash, being solely a
double sulphate of ammonia and soda, with the two equivalents of water, as
mentioned above. It is described in Gmelin, Vol. III., p. 119, (Cavd. Edit ) :
Seguin, Ann. Chem., 91, 219 ; RifFault, Ann. de Chem. et Phys., 20, 432 and 435
describe the salt and its formation, and Berzelius (3, 286) mentions that the
crystals are derived from right rhombic prisms. In Rammelsberg's Krystallo-
graphische Chemie, p. 234, there is a figure and measurements of a trimetri(
(or right rhombic) crystal of a double sulphate of ammonia and soda, with four
equivalents of water,* (NH4 0, SO3 -f- NaO, SO3) 4- 4H0 ; it is from a descrip-

* The formula, as Written in Rammelsberg's Krystallographische Chemie, is : —
" (Na S -f- Am. S) -f- 4 aq." I am indebted to a friend for the extract from this valuable
work, there not being a copy of it to be found in Philadelphia.

1858.]

174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

tion and measurements by Mitscherlich : Pogg. Ann., 58, 469, but at present
not having the works to compare, I am unable to conclude ■whether or not it is
another salt, homoeomorphous with the one just described. The similarity of
form between compounds, in which there is a difference in the equivalents of
water, is an interesting subject for investigation, and I shall endeavor to show
at a future time, that the Trimetric sulphate of ammonia, generally considered
anhydrous, may contain one or two equivalents of water, and yet preserve its
homoeomorphism.]

Lecontite was brought to this country, in January last, by Dr. John L.
Le Conte, on his return from Honduras. He discovered it in the cave near Las
Piedras, in the vicinity of Comayagua. It occurs in crystals imbedded in a
black matrix, resembling bitumen in appearance, which Dr. Le Conte considers
to be the decomposed excrement of bats, which infest this cave in great num-
bers, and have, most likely, inhabited it for ages. The cave near the entrance
was, at the time of his visit, being worked for nitre, which was obtained
" directly by lixiviating the earth taken from near the mouth of the cave.
'• The material containing the crystals merely furnished a tarry, black, semi-
fluid mass, without nitre." On some of the crystals were observed minute
hairs of the bats adhering, and I observed more, when removing the crystals
from their matrix. In honor of Dr. Le Conte, for this interesting species
which he has been the means of adding to mineralogy, I propose to call the
mineral Lecontite.

Sulphate of Ammonia and Soda.

In looking over specimens of minerals recently presented to the Acade-
my, my attention was attracted by a substance labelled " Ammonia," from
the Chincha Islands of the Pacific Ocean ; from its appearance it was suspected
to be a sulphate of ammonia, and a qualitative examination confirmed my
suspicion. It is in compact lumps, about the size of hickory nuts ; hardness
from 2.5 to 3 : its color is a yellowish white, with a crystalline structure,
taste pungent and bitter : opaque and permanent in the air. By a qualitative
analysis, I found it to contain sulphuric acid, ammonia, soda and some or-
ganic matter, and by my first trials in a matrass I could not find water ; on repeat-
ing them, I have found a small quantity. Whether the water is really a part of
the mineral a quantitative analysis only can determine. I made an approxima-
tive determination of the sulphuric acid from a small fragment, and found it
to contain about 48 per cent. Heated on platinum foil it blackens and fuses,
though not very readily, leaving a white bead, which is soluble in water, and
tastes a little suline and bitter. This mineral was presented to the Academy,
I believe, by Dr. Bridges.

Slercorite ?

I am indebted to Dr. Bridges for a specimen of a mineral from the Chincha
Guano Islands, accompanying the sulphate above described, which, from a
qualitative analysis, I now suppose to be Stercorite, (microcosmic salt,) which
has been discovered by T. J. Herapath, Esq., in the guano from the Island of
Ichaboe, on the western coast of Africa ; it never has to my knowledge been
found in the Pacific guano. I hope to get sufficient material to settle definitely
whether it belongs to this species. The mineral which I have is columnar in
structure, and has evidently been taken from a crevice in the guano. It is
opaque ; yellowish white in color, very soft, taste somewhat sharp, saline and
slightly ammoniacal, partially deliquescent in the air.

B. B. or gently heated on platinum foil over a spirit lamp it intumesces and
blackens, giving off ammonia and water ; afterwards it fuses to a clear bead,
which is readily soluble in water and has a saline taste. By a qualitative ex-
amination I found ammonia, soda, and an excess of phosphoric acid.

The physical characters are quite different from those of the stercorite de-
scribed by Mr. Herapath, but the chemical components and the reactions before
the blow pipe are similar.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 175

Heteromorphiie.

This mineral, which has never been mentioned as occurring on this conti-
nent, I have found on a specimen labelled " Antimonial Silver? from Chonta,
Peru," associated with pj-rites, and crystals of quartz colored nearly black.
I am indebted to Wm. S. Vaux, Esq., for the specimen.

The mineral is principally in the form resembling cobwebs ; some cavities
in the specimen contain capillary crystals about one-sixteenth of an inch in
length.

Color lead gray, a very little irised, lustre a dull metallic, B. B. sulphur,
antimony, lead and zinc.

Vauqueliiiite.

The occurrence of this mineral in the United States is very rare, having, I be-
lieve, only heretofore been observed near Sing-Sing, N. Y., by Dr. Torrey. I
have recently found it on a specimen from Pequa Lead Mine, Lancaster Co., Pa.,
in minute crystals, with very acute terminations, (distinguishable with a good
lens,) which are often in radiated aggregations, forming incrustations on quartz
and also on galena. The crystals have considerable adamantine lustre ; their
color varies from a siskin green to an apple green ; some of the detached crys-
tals appear quite light in color, which is probably owing to their partial
translucency.

Alone in a matrass no water was evolved ; on the first application of heat
it turned very dark ; B. B. with salt of phosphorus in oxydising flame a trans-
parent green bead when hot. In reducing flame, red bead from presence of
copper.

With carbonate of soda on a platinum wire a transparent green bead when hot,
which becomes opaque on cooling, to which, on a watch glass, a drop of water
was added, when the yellow alkaline chromate was apparent.

Small crystals of cerusite occur in the cavities in the galena.

Ilmenite,

It will be of interest to mention the occurrence, on the Schuylkill near Fair-
mount, of a boulder of gneiss, containing tubular crystals of Ilmenite. I have a
fine crystal, an inch and a half in diameter, and about half an inch in thickness,
which was given me by Mr. Lungreu, who I believe first found the locality.
PyrophylUte ? containing crystals of quartz.

Prof. Leidy gave me for examination a mineral associated with quartz, from
a coal mine in Schuylkill Co., Pa., which from a preliminary examination I
now suppose to be Pyrophyllite. (I hope to be able to obtain sufficient of the
material for a quantitative analysis.) It is a tough, yellowish white, waxy min-
eral, with a pearly lustre, somewhat greasy to the touch, which occurs in a
thin layer, not exceeding an eighth of an inch in its thickest part.

B. B. acts as pyrophyllite, becomes white, and exfoliates, though the exfoli-
ation is not so great as with some of the radiated varieties of this mineral.

Implanted in this pyrophyllite (?) were two exceedingly interesting quartz
crystals ; they are quite small, the one being six and the other five-tenths of an
inch in length, while the main hexagonal prisms have diameters of one-tenth to
one-twentieth of an inch. The centres of each are hexagonal prisms, which for
one-tenth of an inch are perfectly transparent, and terminate at each end in
minute hexagonal prisms with distinct terminations ; the larger crystal has over
fifty terminations at its upper, and over thirty at its lower end: the smaller
crystal has fewer terminations (not exceeding twenty), but these terminating
prisms are longer and more distinct. The terminating prisms show a marked
tendency to divergence or to radiate from the central prism.

The terminating planes of the many prisms, which I was able to distinguish
with a good lens, are R and — 1 ; the plane ( — 1) is however quite minute. My
reason for particularly describing these crystals (which can be done very im-
perfectly without drawings) is, that I think there is a tendency to the form de-

1858.]

176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

scribed by Keangott (Pogg. xcvii. 628) (3d Supplement to Dana's Mineralogv.
p. 15.)

Staurotide ?

A mineral resembling the so called Staurotide (?) found at the Canton Mine,
Georgia, described bj Prof. Shepard, (3d Supplement Dana's Mineralogy, p. 16,)
I have found some time since, at a copper mine near Webster, Jackson Co., N. C-
associated with automolite crystals as at the former locality. The prelimi-
nary analyses made of the mineral from the Canton Mine by Dr. Genth and my-
self, (the results of which agree,) renders the conclusion as to its being Stau-
rotide very doubtful.

Cuproplumbite ?

Among the ores brought home by Dr. Le Conte from his recent explorations
in Honduras, was a specimen which particularly attracted my attention, from
the mine of Antonio Cruz, near Comayagua ; apparently it is galena, being
massive and granular, with a cubical cleavage, on the faces of which there is a
bronze tarnish, which gives the effect of a play of colors not unlike that on
Bastite (Schiller Spar), the color being more coppery. On the edges it is de-
composed, forming massive carbonate of lead, whilst the copper (in little geodes).
as crystallized malachite, is disseminated through the mass.

B. B. lead, copper and a trace of antimony, streak black ; sectile and brit-
tle; fusible in an open glass tube over a spirit lamp.

Notwithstanding the similarity between its reactions and that of the cupro-
plumbite analysed by Platteser, this may be only a cupriferous galena as occurs
in Tuscany, but the peculiar bronze hue of the cubical faces induced me to
mention it among these notes. As soon as time permits I will analyse it quan-
titatively.

Hydrophite f

The mineral described by Dr. Genth, from Texas, Lancaster Co., Pa., (Keller
and Tied. Nordamer. Monatsb. iii., 487) as Nickel-Gymnite, but which Prof.
Dana (System Mineralogy, p. 285) considers a variety of Hydrophite, I have
found near Webster, Jackson Co., N. C, in a band of serpentine, associated with
chrome iron ; (this band of serpentine is about two or three hundred yards in
width, bearing N. E. and dips S.) It occurs as an amorphous reniform incrus-
tation on a brownish green, granular serpentine, in which are crystals of chrome
iron. Its hardness is about 3; lustre resirous ; its color varies from an apple
green to a yellowish green, streak greenish white. In a matrass, yields water.
B. B. nickel and silica.

September 7 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Twenty-four members present.

Dr. Hajs announced the death on the 6th inst. of Dr. Edward Min-
ium, late a member of the Academy.

September lAth.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.

Twenty-four members present.

Dr. Carson exhibited specimens of the fruit of Gaylussacia resinosa,
from Warrior's Ridge, Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; also starch from the tubers
of Saggitaria saggittifolia.

On leave granted, a vote of thanks was presented to Dr. C. M. Cresson,
for the donation of supposed fossil ripple-marks presented this evening.

[Sept.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 177

Dr. Carson observed that the white fruited variety of Gaylussacia
resinosa exhibited this evening, was very unusual, and desired that its
locality, Warrior's Ridge, Huntington County, Pennsylvania, should be
placed on record.

Dr. C M. Cresson called attention to the specimens of ripple-marked
sandstone presented by Wm this evening. They were taken from Second
Mountain in the gap, through which the west branch of the Schuylkill passed,
Schuylkill Co., Pa. The formation is No. 10 of Rogers' enumeration, other-
wise known as the Vespertine Wliite Sandstone. These ripple-marked plates
occur in thin laminae, and those at present exposed consist of three layers :
two outer layers ripple-marked upon the surfaces next to the centre plate, and
plane upon the exterior surfaces, and a centre plate ripple-marked upon each
side, the markings fitting those of the enclosing laminae. These waves are
extremely regular and very nearly parallel with each other. The apices or
crests of the waves are about 3" apart, and the depression varies from ^" to 5".
The thickness of the plates averages about 1| inches.

Sept. 2\st.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.

Forty members present.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings :
'' Description of a new Tanager from the Isthmus of Darien, and note
on Selenidera spectabilis, by John Cassin," and was referred to a Com-
mittee.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a large specimen of Cryolite, obtained by Mr.
Frischmuth from a locality on the river Schuylkill, near Philadelphia.

The death of Mr. John A. Vancleve, of Dayton, Ohio, late Corres-
pondent of the Academy, was announced by Dr. Jas. C. Fisher.

Sept. 2Sth.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty -three members present.

A paper read before the Biological Department, entitled " Secondary
formation of Blood Crystals by W. A. Hammond, M. D.," was ordered
to be printed in the Proceedings of the Department.

The following paper was ordered to be printed :

Description of a New TANAGER from the Isthmus of Darien, and note on
SELENIDERA SPECTABILIS, Cassin.

BY JOHN CASSIN.

Having recently had an opportunity of examining a collection of birds made
on the Isthmus of Darien, I have been much gratified as well as surprised to
find both sexes of the Toucan, recently described by me, under the name of
Selenidera spectabilis, (Proc. Acad., 1857, p. 214.) The collection alluded to
was made by a party under the command of Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Topog.
Eng., that surveyed a route for a ship canal across the Isthmus, by order of the
Government of the United States.

In the collection, there is also a single specimen of a Tanager of the same
group as Calliste gyrola, gyroloides and Desmarestii, but distinct from either,

1858.] . 13

178 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

and easily recognised by nearly the whole of the enter surface of the wing be-
ing bright chestnut like the head. It is as follows : —

1. Calliste Lavinia, Cassin.

Very similar to C. gyrola, gyroloides and Desmarestii, and about the same
size, but having the shoulders, wing coverts, and outer edges of the secondary
and shorter primary quills, bright rufous chestnut, with a golden yellow lustre
on the shoulder. Head above and cheeks bright chestnut, back of the neck
golden yellow, which color extends somewhat and fades gradually on the back.
Throat with a longitudinal stripe of pale blue, and another of the same color
on the middle of the abdomen ; tibise rufous. All other parts fine lustrous
green, inner webs of quills and tail feathers black, bill and feet light colored.

Total length about 4^ inches, wing 2^, tail If inches.

Hab. Isthmus of Darien, New Grenada. Discovered by Mr. W. S. Wood,
Jr. , naturalist, attached to U. S. Surveying party, in command of Lieut. N.
Michler, U. S. Topog. Engineers.

This handsome bird is named in honor of Mrs. Lavinia Bowen, of this city,
whose superior skill as an artist in natural history, and especially in ornithol-
ogy, fully entitles her to such commemoration. Nearly all plates in Ornithology
published in this city within the last twenty years, and many others in every
department of Zoology, have been prepared under the supervision and direc-
tion of this lady.

2. Selenideea spectabilis, Cassin.

Selenidera spectabilis, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philada., 1857, p. 214.

As stated above, both sexes of this bird are in the collection made by the
surveying party, on the Isthmus of Darien, in command of Lieut. Michler,
IT. S. Top. Eng. The males do not vary from my description, as cited above,
and both sexes have the bill parti-colored and variegated in its lighter portion
as previously described.

Female. General colors very similar to those of the male, but with the
head above dark chestnut, as in the females of other species of the genus Se-
lenidera. Under tail coverts scarlet, mixed with dark chestnut.

According to Mr. William S. Wood, Jr., who accompanied the expedition as
naturalist, this Toucan was obtained near the village of Susio, in the province
of Choco, New Grenada. It was observed, generally, frequenting a tree called
Cremantina, by the inhabitants, on the fruit of which it appeared to subsist at
the period when noticed.

Dr. Fisher announced, that during the past week, the mortgage debt
of the Academy had been entirely cancelled, $10,000 having been pre-
sented for that purpose by one of the members, and f 1000 derived
from the surplus funds of the Academy.

Oct. 6th.
Major John Le Conte in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings entitled
" Description of a New Species of Argynnis, by James C. Fisher, M. D."
and referred to a Committee.

Oct. 12th.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.
Thirty-four members present.

[Oct.

Pi-oc A MS Philada. 1858.

I PKOLIDORKIf

-Ail ,_-Aooilii a Af.GITHALlIS FI^AVIFROITS i CASSINl

Lith: et col . Bowen & Co . Phila

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 179

Mr. Cassin read a letter from Capt. W. F. Lynch, U. S. N., giving
an account of the finding of human bones from Santos Brazil, presented
this evening. The cranium was perfect when found, but by accident
has been subsequently broken.

Mr. Lea exhibited two specimens of Triquetra contorta, Lea, {Hyria, Lam.)
which he had received from Mr. Cuming, of London. They were from
Shanghai, and make four specimens known of this curious and rare species of
the family Unionidcs. Mr. Lea called attention to the fact, that these two
specimens had both the same curve on the dorsal and basal margins, that the
two previously exhibited by him and described in the Journal had, thus finally
proving that the twisted form of this Triquetra is its normal character, like
Area tortuosa, Lin. in the Arcada. One of these specimens will be found in the
collection of the Academy.

Oct. 19 /A.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-one members present.

A paper was presented for publication in the Journal, entitled "Cata-
logue of the Coleoptera of the regions adjacent to the Boundary be-
tween the U. S. and Mexico, by John L. LeConte, M. D."

And another for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Note on
the Species of Eleodes found within the United States, by John L.
LeConte, M. D.," which were referred to a Committee.

Dr. Leidy called attention to an antler of a reindeer found imbedded
in the green sand marl, at Vincentown, N. J., at the depth of four feet,
and presented this evening by Mr. Carlton Moore.

On leave granted, a resolution was offered and adopted, authorizing
the Treasurer to send a special agent to visit the lands of the Academy
in Virginia, and ascertain the best mode of disposing of the same, and
the probable prices they would command.

Oct. 26ih.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Forty-one members present.

The Report of the Biological Department was read.
The paper entitled " Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the regions
adjacent to the boundary between the United States and Mexico,
by John L. Le Conte, M. D." was ordered to be printed in the Journal
of the Academy, and the following were ordered to be printed in the
Proceedings.

Description of a New Species of ARGYNNIS.
BY JAMES C. FISHER, M.D.

ABGYHNig ASTAETE. — Alis deiiticulatis, superioribus utrinque fulvis, nigro
late marginatis et maculatis ; inferioribus supra coerulescenti-nigris macula
unica albescente, subtus fuscis maculis septem margaritaceis ex axilla radianti-
bus. Habitat in Nova Caesarea. Tab. IL

Upper wings witli both surfaces fulvous ; above witli a broad, black exterior
margin containing a range of seven small whitish spots parallel with the

1858.]

180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

margin, four large oblong spots of black proceeding from the exterior margin,
the two intermediate ones reaching beyond the middle of the wing, the others
shorter, with each a small fulvous spot near the tip ; and four spots of black
descending from the sub-costal nervure, of which the one nearest the body is
linear, the next square, the third roundish with a fulvous spot in the centre,
and the fourth connate with the fourth of the before mentioned spots proceed-
ing from the exterior margin.

The lower wings are above bluish black, changing to brownish fulvous near
the base, with an indistinct whitish spot below the centre.

The under side of the upper wings has seven spots of pearly white parallel
with the outer margin, of which the five exterior ones are linear, and the two
others round ; from these two round spots proceed two oblong black spots to
the middle of the wing, and the two next have each a round black spot above
them. From the sub-costal nervure proceed four black spots, of which the two
nearest the body are linear, the next triangular, enclosing a fulvous spot, and
the fourth is almost confounded with the black upper margin.

The under side of the lower wings is brown, with four white sublunate spots,
bounded above and below by black, and parallel with the lower margin ; there
are likewise two long black spots outside of the outer one of these spots : the
whole base of the wing is occupied by six large pearly spots radiating from the
axilla, one of which occupies the pre-costal portion ; between the second and
third (which are very wide) is a smaller spot, and the third is crossed near its
base by a short black bar. The emarginations of the wings are margined with
white. Body black, thorax thickly covered with brownish fulvous hairs.

The above described Lepidopteron so nearly resembles the Argynnis Idalia,
that at first sight it may easUy be taken for a mere variety. The want of the
double row of white spots on the upper surface of the lower wings, although a
remarkable difi'erence, would not perhaps constitute a specific mark, yet when
we come to examine the under surface, instead of the twenty-four or twenty-
five spots of white, which are observed over its whole surface, we find but
two near the margin and six large ones occupying nearly the whole of the
base, and radiating from the axilla, we cannot hesitate to pronounce it distinct
and certainly new. The larva is unknown. The interesting fact of so large a
species of butterfly being found at this time in New Jersey, and having hereto-
fore escaped the researches of all entomologists, has led me to offer this short
communication for publication in the Proceedings. It was found by me in
July of this summer, on Succasunna Plains, near Schooley's Mountain, in
Morris Co.

Note on the species of ELEODES found within the TTnited States.
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

Having a number of nondescript species of Eleodes, which it becomes neces-
sary to mention in a Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary, now preparing for the press, I have considered it proper here to
present descriptions of these species; and for the purpose of elucidating their
characters in the absence of a monographic essay, the following grouping of
the species in my collection belonging to this very diflicult genus may be found
useful. They are now very numerous, and quite heterogeneous in form, though
the antennae and oral organs do not seem to have much variation.

A. Elytra subconvex or depressed, oblong oval, margined or not, more or
less sulcate (but in E. dispersa almost irregularly punctured and not striate) ;
humeral angles distinctly margined. Prosternum never mucronate ; anterior
tarsi with the first joint inflated beneath and densely clothed with short bristles.
Anterior femora toothed ; anterior tibiae of the females with the outer spur
usually larger and broader than that of the males.

A. Humeral angles not prolonged.

[Oct

Proc A.N.S Philaaa 1858.

Plate. 2.

ARGYNNIS ASTARTE . FTSHER

Oao ftwWsi del

Ijith et. col. Bowm & Co.Philada

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADEEPHIA. 181

I. Elytra glabrous, hardly or not at all margined. E. obscura,

deleta, arata, dispersa, sulcipennis, acuta.

II. Elytra glabrous, strongly margined. E. suturalis,texana.

III. (B.) Humeral angles slightly prolonged under the thorax ; thorax and

elytra usually pubescent, the latter more or less muricate. Body
broad. Pediniform.

E. pedinoides, asperata, robusta, tricostata.

B. Elytra convex or subdepressed, oval, not margined, more or less sulcate,
or at least punctured in rows, with alternate rows composed of very distant
punctures. Prosternum never mucronate, humeral angles distinct and mar-
gined : anterior tarsi simple ; spurs of anterior tibije alike in both sexes.

IV. Thorax narrowed behind, anterior femora toothed. Anterior angles of

thorax subacuminate.

E. sulcata, nupta, gracilis, sponsa, convexa.

V. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, anterior angles not acuminate, femora
mutic.

a. Elytra caudate. E. caudifera.

0. Elytra hardly acuminate. E. obsoleta.

C. Elytra convex, not margined on the sides, more or less punctured in rows :

(punctures not muricate, except in X.)

VI. Elytra without humeral angles. E. grandicolis.

Humeral angles distinct : thorax narrowed behind : anterior angles
not acuminate. VII. — XIV.
Prosternum horizontally mucronate at tip. VII. — X.
VII. Humeral angles produced. E. fusiformis.

VIII. Base of elytra truncate.

a. Elytra punctured in rows. E. subnitens, seriata, debilis.
p. Elytra confusedly punctured. E. cognata, extricata.

IX. Base of elytra slightly emarginate, prosternum horizontally mucronate
at tip. E. carbonaria, soror, immunis, striolata.

X. Base of elytra truncate, punctures muricate, prosternum abruptly trun-
cate at tip. n i g r i n a .
Prosternum obliquely mucronate at tip, base of elytra truncate.

XL— XII.
XI. Body ovate, anterior femora strongly toothed. E. ventricosa.
XII. Body elongate, femora not toothed. E. gigantea, longicollis.

XIII. Base of elytra truncate, prosternum not mucronate, femora not toothed.

(Body subcylindrical in the males, ovate in the females, elytra con-
fusedly punctured). E. quadricollis, vicina.

XIV. Humeral angles distinct, strongly margined, base of elytra truncate ;

thorax much rounded on the sides, elytra ovate, not convex, confusedly

finely punctured, femora and prosternum mutic. (Mexican species.)

XV, Humeral angles distinct, thorax with the anterior angles more or less

acuminate : prosternum horizontally mucronate.

*. Femora all acutely toothed. E. a r m a t a .

/?. Femora all obtusely toothed. E. femorata.

XVI. Humeral angles distinct ; thorax with the angles strongly acuminate ;
anterior femora strongly toothed.

E. dentipes, laticollis, acuticauda.

D. Elytra usually convex, sometimes flattened, not margined, irregularly very

densely punctured, at the sides and tip muricate and setose. Femora
mutic. (The anterior in XIX. very slightly toothed.)

1858.]

182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

XVII. Thorax subquadrate, presternum mucronate ; humeral angles distinct.

E. granulata.
XVIII. Thorax subquadrate, presternum not mucronate, humeri produced.

E. humeralis.

XIX. Thorax rounded, remote from the elytra, the latter oval, -without humeral

angles. E. consobrina, marginata, Fischeri.

XX. Thorax more or less constricted at base, with distinct basal angles ;

elytra variable in form. E. producta, planata, re flex i-

collis, parvicollis, clavicornis, rotundipennis,

stricta, subligata, intricata, cordata, tubercu-

lata, viator, pimeloides.

Blaps opaca Say, has the first and second joints of the anterior tarsi of
the male slightly dilated, and covered beneath with a dense brush of hair, and
must therefore constitute a new genus. E. depressa Lee. has the form
almost of a Akis, and having a trilobed mentum elevated at the apex, should
also be separated ; it seems to be allied to Embaphion, without, however, be-
longing to that genus.

E. dispersa, oblonga, nigra, nitida, thorace parce subtiliter punctato,
latitudine paulo breviore, lateribus valde rotundatis subtiliter marginatis, ad
basin subsinuatis, angulis posticis rectis: elytris elongatis thorace latioribus
densius punctatis, punctis dorso subseriatis, versus latera et apicem transver-
sim confluentibus et muricatis, baud marginatis, dorso (feminae) planiusculis,
postice valde declivibus. Long. 1-14.

Creek Boundary, Dr. Woodhouse. Of the same form as E. obscura, but
with the thorax larger and less convex, the elytra a little more elongated and
not at all striate ; the punctures are slightly muricated, even on the middle of
the back; at the sides and tip they become confluent transversely and more
elevated, with a very short black bristle at the apex of each ; the sides of the
elytra are not at all margined. The under surface and legs as in E. obscura,
except that the tooth of the anterior femora is a little less obtuse

The species of this group are related by the closest resemblances of form and
sculpture, so much so that they may in some cases be considered as races, or
geographical varieties. The one above described is remarkably distinct from
the others, and must in all events rank as separate. Not so perhaps with a
singular female specimen collected by Capt. Pope in New Mexico, which with
the form of E. sulcipennis, exhibits an entire want of elytral grooves, except at
the sides behind the middle, where some faint traces are seen : the punctures
are submuricate, and arranged in stria distinct on the back, confused at the
sides ; between the rows are distant punctures as in E. obscura ; the tips are
abruptly declivous, and furnished with rows of tubercles, alternately large and
small, the latter corresponding to the strise of the anterior portion. The speci-
men is 1-20 long, and the teeth of the anterior femora are very obtuse. For
convenience this may be called E. del eta.

Other specimens, both male and female, found in Arizona have also the
form of E. sulcipennis, but the thorax is more convex, less flattened and less
punctured at the sides, and more finely margined ; the grooves of the elytra
are deeper, the interstices more smooth and shining, with much fewer scattered
punctures ; sexual characters precisely as in E. sulcipennis. Length 1-14-1-30.
This may be named E. a r a t a .

II.

E. texana, oblonga nigro-picea, parum nitida, capite punctato, thorace
subtiliter parce punctulato, transverso, capite quadruple latiore, supra parum
convexo, lateribus late depressis et paulo reflexis, subrugosis, maxime rotun-
datis postice subsinuatis, ad basin truncalo, angulis posticis rectis, anticis acutis
acuminatis; elytris thorace angustioribus parallelis marginatis, dorso planis

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 183

postice declivibus (maris breviter acuminato-productis, feminae subacutis,)
sulcatis, sulcis punctatis, interstitiis punctis paucis notatis. Long. 1-25-1-5.
Tab. Ill, fig. 1.

Ringgold Barracks, Messrs. Schott and Haldeman. Allied to E. s u t u r al i s,
but much larger and narrower, with the sides of the thorax and elytra still
more strongly margined. The thorax is wider than the elytra and very much
dilated and rounded on the sides. The spurs of the anterior tibia are equal and
slender, and acute in both sexes ; the anterior femora are armed with an acute
tooth in the male, and an obtuse one in the female.

III.

E. pedinoides, oblonga, nigra subnitida, capite parce subtiliter punctato,
thorace parce punctulato, capite triplo latiore transverso, parum convexo,
lateribus valde rotundatis, postice obliquis vix sinuatis, ad basin truncate, et
extrorsum paulo impresso, angulis anticis apice rotundatis, elytris dorso depla-
natis, et baud marginatis, humeris prominulis acutis, lateribus parum rotundatis,
postice declivibus et subacutis, sulcato-striatis, striis punctis submuricatis, in-
terstitiis parce punctatis, ad apicem convexioribus et asperatis. Long. '75 — l-O.

Texas : Messrs. Haldeman and Berlandiere. Of nearly the same form as E.
tricostata, but entirely glabrous above, though pubescent beneath: the
elytra of the female are wider than the thorax, sometimes flattened, sometimes
uniformly, though slightly convex ; those of the male are narrower and flattened.
The femora in both sexes are simple ; the spurs of the anterior tibiae of the
female are unequal, the posterior one (the inner) is acute, the outer one is
twice as long, wider and slightly obtuse. In the male the spurs are broken,
but they appear to have been less unequal in size. The prosternum is not at
all prominent.

E. asperata, omnino sicut in praecedente, exceptis elytris sulcatis, in
sulcis subtilius muricato-punctatis, interstitiis postice magis exasperatis et
breviter flavo-setosis. Long. •8~l-0.

Texas, Messrs. Schott, Haldeman and Weise. The differences between this
and the preceding are not very obvious. This has, however, the elytra more
deeply sulcate, and the interstices are more rough with acute tubercles, which
terminate in short yellow bristles ; near the sides of the thorax may also be
seen some very fine hairs. The spurs of the anterior tibiae are unequal but
acute ; in the male the anterior one is less than twice as long, but in the female
more than twice as long as the posterior one. The form differs in the sexes as
in the preceding.

E. r 0 b u s t a, oblonga latiuscula, atra opaca, supra depressa, tenuiter parce
fulvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque subtilius punctatis, hoc priore triplo latiore,
latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, ad basin
truncato utrinque late subfoveato, angulis anticis subrotundatis, elytris thorace
baud latioribus, postice declivibus et subacutis, dense granulato-punctatia et
subcostatis, costis alternis magis distinctis. Long. -88.

Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Haldeman. Closely allied to E. tri c o st a ta, but
larger, and especially much broader, the thorax of the latter being hardly more
than one half wider than its length, while in the present the breadth is more
than twice the length. The sexes are not very different in form, but the elytra
of the male are a little narrower and less rounded on the sides. The spurs of
the anterior tibias are unequal, the anterior being broader and twice as long ;
the tip is more obtuse in the female than in the male.

IV.
E. nupta, ovata, nigra parum nitida, capite fortius, thorace minus dense
punctatis, hoc parum convexo subrotundato, latitudine breviore, lateribus valde
rotundatis, postice breviter sinuatis, ad basin late rotundatis, angulis posticis
obtusis, anticis acutis subacuminatis, elytris ovalibus, postice declivibus singu-
latim subacuminatis, thorace duplo latioribus ad basin vix emarginatis, dorso
parum lateribus valde convexis, subsulcalis, in sulcis punctatis, interstitiis
punctis perpaucis notatis. Long. -TS— 1-05.

1858.]

184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Messrs. Schott and Weise. Closely related to
E. sulcata, but differs by the more convex elytra being hardly sulcate, and
by the thorax being less convex. The elytra of the male are a little narrower
than those of the female, and the anterior femora are armed with a long acute
tooth ; in the female the tooth is short and obtuse. The prosternum is com-
pressed and perpendicular at the posterior extremity. The abdomen is sparsely
punctured and rugous.

E. gracilis, ovata, longiuscula, atra nitida, capite parce distincte piinc-
tato, thorace subtiliter parce punctulato, rotundato-quadrato, modice convexo,
latitudine parum brevoii-e, lateribus rotundatis postice subsinuatis, ad basin
late rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis, anticis acutis plus minusve acuminatis,
elytris ovalibus postice declivibus acutis, thorace (maris vix sesqui, feminje plus
sesqui) latioribus, dorso parum lateribus magis convexis vix sulcatis punctato-
striatis, interstitiis punctis perpaucis notatis ; femoribus anticis sexus utriusque
dente longo armatis. Long. -8 — -95.

Sonora, Messrs. Webb and Schott. New Mexico, Dr. Henry. More slender
than the preceding, with a comparatively smaller thorax; the prosternum is not
perpendicular but rounded at tip. The abdomen as in the preceding has only
a few fine punctures, but they are still less distinct.

E. sponsa, subovata, nigra, thorace paulo convexo, subrotundata, latitu-
dine parum breviore, parce punctato antice late emarginato, angulis subacumi-
natis, lateribus rotundatis tenuiter marginatis ad basin late subrotundato,
angulis posticis subrectis, elytris thorace fere duplo latioribus ovalibus postice
declivibus, et obtuse acuminatis, punctato-striatis, versus latera et apicem
muricatis, interstitiis punctis sparsis uniseriatim notatis : femoribus anticis
obtuse dentatis. Long. -8 — -SS.

Mas elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, modice convexis.

Femina elytris thorace duplo latioribus dorso planiusculis.

New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. By the form of the thorax, and the anterior tarsi
belongs to the present division, though the sculpture of the elytra recals E.
d e 1 e t a of division L The tooth of the anterior femora is obtuse in one male
and two females, but moderately acute in another male and female. A speci-
men collected in New Mexico by Dr. Henry has the elytra not at all muricate
and the tooth of the anterior thighs acute.

V.

E. c a u d i f e r a, ovata, nigra, thorace vix convexo, parce punctato, ad latera
paulo concavo et transversim rugoso, latitudine breviore, antice late emar-
ginato, angulis anticis baud acuminatis, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice
angustato, angulis posticis obtusis : elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, ovalibus
dorso planiusculis, punctis seriatis substriatis, interstitiis uniseriatim parce
punctatis, ad latera et apicem muricatis, postice oblique declivibus et pro-
longatis, femoribus anticis muticis. Long. "90.

Mas Cauda clytrorum trientem aequante, angusta.

Femina, cauda elytrorum brevi lata, obtusa.

New Mexico, Mr. Fendler ; Creek Boundary, Dr. Woodhouse.

VIL

E. fusiform is, nigra, utrinque angustata, fusiformis, thorace latitudine
baud breviore, trapezoideo, antrorsum modice angustato, angulis posticis cam
basi rotundatis anticis acutis, dorso parce subtiliter punctato, elytris basi
emarginatis thoraci arete applicatis, elongatis pone medium sensim angustatis
ad apicem subacutis, humeris antrorsum productis, sat dense subseriatim
punctatis ; antennis ad apicem parum incrassatis, femoribus muticis, prosterno
pone coxas anticas compresso, producto. Long. '5 ; lat. -23.

Platte River valley, near Fort Laramie, rare. This species is remarkably
distinguished from all the oth ers by the fusiform shape, by the thorax being
wider at base than tip, and by the elytra being moderately deeply emarginate

![Oct-

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 185

at base and fitting closely to the thorax, the rounded posterior angles of which
are embraced by the prolonged humeri.

YIII.

E. seriata, nigra supra subopaca, capite modice thorace subtiliter puncta-
tis, hoc quadrato, antice paulo angustato, latitudine paulo breviore, lateribus
parum rotundatis, ad basin late rotundato, angulis anticis acutis, posticis ob-
tusis et baud rotundatis, elytris convexis ovalibus (feminae thorace duplo, maris
vix sesqui latioribus), postice valde declivibus obtuse acuminatis ad basin late
emarginatis, humeris acutis, plus minusve fortiter striato-punctatis, interstitiis
confuse subtiliter parce punctulatis. Long. ■6o--11.

Texas and the neighboring parts of Mexico. The anterior femora of the male
are emarginate so as to form a right angle near the tip, those of the female are
only sinuate, so that the angle becomes obtuse.

E. deb ills, nigra nitida, capite sat profunde, thorace parce et subtiliter
punctato, hoc subquadrato, latitudine vix breviore, antice paulo angustato,
iateribus late rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, ad basin late
rotundato, elytris ovalibus convexis (thorace maris sesqui latioribus) postice
ralde declivibus baud acuminatis, ad basin late emarginatis, humeris acutis,
sat fortiter striato-punctatis; interstitiis uniseriatim subtiliter punctulatis.
Long. -5.

One specimen found in Nevs^ Mexico by Mr. Fendler, and another in Sonora
by Dr. Webb. The anterior femora are not at all armed or sinuate ; the pros-
ternum is mucronate behind as in the preceding, and the mesoslernum is con-
cave. The abdomen is shining, sparsely rugous, with a few small punctures.
This species is of the size and shape of E. e x t r i c a t a, but the elytra in that
are densely almost irregularly punctured. E. cognata Hahl. has the elytra
finely not densely, but almost irregularly punctured, and in both theprosternum
is less produced, and rather carinate than mucronate.

IX.

E. s 0 r o r , oblonga, nigra nitida, capite punctato, thorace subtiliter parce
punctulato, quadrato latitudine baud breviore, antice posticeque parum an-
gustato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis obtusis, elj'tris
ovalibus minus convexis, thorace (maris parum, feminje sesqui) latioribus, ad
basin emarginatis, humeris acutis, postice valde declivibus obtuse acuminatis,
fortius striato-punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis. Long. -62 — -77.

Texas, at Eagle Pass and San Antonio. Related to E. seriata in form and
sculpture, but the thorax is more quadrate, and not more narrowed towards
the apex than towards the base ; the elytra are more deeply emarginate at base,
and transversely much less convex, and those of the female are much less di-
lated ; the punctures are more regular and never have the appearance of fovesB
seen in E. seriata. The anterior femora are entirely unarmed, in both sexes.
The presternum is horizontally produced into a sharp point, the abdomen is
sparsely but strongly rugous and punctured.

E. striolata, nigra nitida, capite subtiliter parce punctato, thorace vix
conspicue punctulato, quadrato latitudine haud breviore, utrinque perparum
angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis,
elytris ovalibus convexis (femin^) thorace duplo latioribus, ad basin perpa-
rum emarginatis, humeris acutis, postice valde declivibus brevissime caudatis,
punctis seriatis approximatis notatis, seriebus per paria approximatis, prope
apicem obliteratis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctulatis. Long. •75.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks ; Mr. Weise. Nearly of the same form as E,
ventricosa, but much smaller and with much more numerous rows of
punctures on the elytra ; the sides of the elytra extend farther upon the ab-
domen, which is finely but more deeply rugous ; the anterior femora are en-
tirely mutic ; the prosternum is horizontally produced and acute as in E.
seriata.

1858.] 14

186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

E. i mm Tin is, oblonga, nigra nitida, capite modice, tliorace subtilius et
parce punctato, hoc quadrate latitudine liaud breviore, antice paulo latiore,
lateribus rotundatis, angulis auticis subacutis posticis obtusis, elytra ovalibus
(maris parum, feminae sesqui) tliorace latioribus, modice couvexis, postice ob-
tuse subacuminatis valde declivibus, fortiter striato-punctatis, saepe fere sul-
catis, interstitiis parum convexis i^arce punctatis. Long. -68 — -72.

Sonora, Dr. Webb, and Mr. Scliott. Nearly of the same form as E. s o r o r,
but readily distinguished by the thorax being more narrowed behind, almost
as inE. quadricollis; the punctures of the rows of the elytra are some-
times placed in distinct grooves, while in other specimens the surface is even.
The femora of both sexes are altogether unarmed, and the prosternum is per-
pendicular at tip and not mucronate ; the abdomen is very sparsely punctured
and faintly rugous.

E. 0 miss a, longiuscula, nigra, subnitida, thorace latitudine sub-breviore'
parum convexo, lateribus late rotundatis, postice subangustato, subtiliter
parce punctulato, elytris thorace parum latioribus postice declivibus et oblique
ano-ustatis, parce subtiliter fere inordinatim punctatis, prosterno apice horizon-
tali, acute, femoribus muticis, crassiusculis. Long. '63.

One male, San Diego, California. Resembles very closely in form the male
ofE. quadricollis, but besides minor differences, it is much less punctured,
the prosternum is horizontally mucronate, and the thighs are thicker.

X.

E. n i g r i n a, elongata, nigra subopaca, thorace subquadrato, postice an-
gustato, lateribus late rotundatis, apice fere truncato, modice convexo, subtili-
us sat dense punctato, elytris thorace parum latioribus, postice declivibus et
oblique angustatis, inordinatim subtilius punctatis, punctis prsecipue ad latera
muricatis et brevissime setiferis, pedibus muricato-punctatis, femoribus antieis
obtuse sinuatis, prosterno abrupte truncato. Long. -74 — -80.

Black Hills, Nebraska, Dr. Hammond ; Santa Fe, New Mexico, Mr. R. C.
Kern. The female is a little broader than the male, but does not differ con-
spicuously in form ; the anterior femora are not dentate, but only slightly si-
nuate on their anterior margin. The punctures of the thorax are nearly equally
distributed.

XI.
E. ventricosa, atra subnitida, capite parce, thorace subtiliter punctato,
hoc transverse, antice modice, postice parum angustato, lateribus rotundatis,
angulis antieis acutis, ad basin late rotundato, elytris ovalibus convexis, ad ba-
sin vix late emarginatis, humeris vix acutis, thorace sexus utriusque plus
sesqui latioribus, postice declivibus (maris breviter caudatis, feminse obtuse
vix acuminatis) plus minusve striato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim parce
punctulatis. Long. -108 — -14.

Texas, near the Rio Grande. Tlie punctures composing the strise of the
elytra vary very much in size ; sometimes they are very large, while at others
they are hardly different from the more distant interstitial punctures. The
anterior femora of the male are armed with a long acute curved tooth, those
of the female are slightly sinuate. The prosternum is compressed behind, and
perpendicularly truncate, rising into a very small cusp. The abdomen is
hardly rugous or punctiired.

xn.

E. Haydenii, elongata nigra, nitida, thorace latitudine longiore, lateri-
bus late rotundatis, disco modice convexo, parce subtiliter punctato, elytris
confertim subtilius seriatim punctatis elongato-ovalibus, postice late attenua-
tis, dorso parum convexis, lateribus abrupte inflexis, prosterno mucrone acute
parvo, femoribus muticis. Long. 1-04.

One specimen from the Loup Fork of the Platte, Dr. Hayden. Related to

roct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADEEPHIA. 187

E, longicollis Zee, but tlae thorax is more rounded on the sides, more dis-
tinctly punctulate, the rows of punctures of the elyta are much moi-e evident,
and the curvature from the back to the sides is abrupt, while in that species
it is regular and uniform : the elytra are also more elongated near the apex,
so as to produce at the inflexed margin a very slight concavity not seen in E.
longicollis.

E. gigantea has the thorax more convex, more rounded on the sides, and
somewhat narrowed behind, and the elytra narrower, more gradually atten-
uated and acute behind.

E. gentilis, elongata, nigra, subnitida, thorace latitudine haud breviore,
convexo, lateribus rotundato, j)ostice jiaulo augustato, subtiliter parce punctu-
late, elytris elongato-ovalibus postice declivibus et oblique attenuatis sequaliter
transversim convexis, subtiliter parce vix seriatim punctulatis, prosterno mu-
crone parvo acuto, femoribus muticis. Long. •15.

San Diego, California. Closely allied to E. gigantea, but very much
smaller, with the thorax less rounded on the sides, and less narrowed at the
base.

XIX.

E. scabricula, nigra, thorace opaco, transverso rotundato, dense con-
fluenter scabro-punctato, versus latera late impresso, anguste marginato, ely-
tris ovalibus, thorace parum latioribus, granulis reclinatis dense scabris, pos-
tice declivibus et acutis, femoribus anticis obtuse dentatis. Long. '76.

Sacramento, California, collected by Mr. J. Wittick, and given me by Mr.
Rathvon. This species is closely allied toE. marginata, but is much larger
and much more roughly and densely punctured both above and beneath. The
specimen is a female, and has the anterior thighs very obtusely toothed as in
the male ofE. marginata.

XX.

E. V e s e y i , nigra, sat nitida, thorace latitudine fere sesqui breviore, paulo
convexo, lateribus valde rotundatis postice breviter sinuatis, postice angustato,
basi apice haud latiore, angulis posticis subrectis, dorso sat dense punctato,
areolis duabus Isevibus, lateribus granulate, elytris planiusculis ad basin trun-
catis, lateribus late rotundatis postice obtusis, dorso punctis magnis quadratis
seriatis, interstitiis parce granulatis, versus latera et postice granulis rechnatis
asperatis et transversim rugosis : prosterno postice truncate, femoribus anticis
subsinuatis, antennis extrorsum paulo incrassatis. Long. '70.

Fort Tejon, California: collected by Mr. John Xantus de Vesey; to whom I
take great pleasure in dedicating the species, as a slight tribute of my appre-
ciation of his enthusiastic labors, which have added much to our knowledge
of the fauna of the Western Territories.

Remarkable among the species of this grouj} by the size, and by the attempt
at striae of large punctures near the middle of the elytra. It is also distin-
guished by the prosternum being abruptly limited behind by a perpendicular
line, while in all the others of the group the outline of the tip of the pres-
ternum is rounded.

E. constricta, nigra, subnitida, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, la-
teribus valde rotundatis, tenue marginatis, ante basin tubulatim constricto,
dorso confertim versus latera rugose punctato, elytris parum convexis lateri-
bus magis rotundatis, humeris paulo productis marginatis rotundatis, dorso
crebre subseriatimpunctatis, postice etad latera granulis reclinatis scabris, an-
tennis extrorsum parum incrassatis. Long. -52.

Sacramento, Mr. Wittick; given me by Mr. Rathvon. Related to E. pro-
duct a , but the base, though not narrower than the apex, is much more con-
stricted than in that species, so that the sides become impressed. The elytra
are broader, more rounded on the sides, the humeri are less broadly produced,

1858.]

188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

and less conspicuously margined, and the sides are more rough with small
reclinate tubercles. This species agrees with the description ofE. parvicollis
given by Mannerheim, (Bull. Mosc. 1843, 271) except that the base of the
thorax is not narrower than the apex. Eschscholtz does not in his decription
mention that the sides of the thorax are scabrous, but adds that the base of
the thorax is nearly as wide as the widest portion of the thorax, whereby the
latter appears small. A specimen from the St. Petersburg museum sent me
as a type is not allied at all to this species, but rather toE. cordata.

The smaller species of Eleodes of this division are exceedingly abundant,
and seem subject to some variation. It will be impossible to attain any defi-
nite results in the nomenclature of them until an authentic series of named
specimens can be obtained by careful comparison with the types of Eschscholtz
and Mannerheim.

E. viator, ovata, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus valde ro-
tundatis, postice breviter coarctato, ad basin apice hand latiore, confertim
grosse punctato, elytris rotundato-ovalibus, antice truncatis, granulis nitidis
inordinatis confertim positis, versus suturam punctatis, versus latera breviter
hispidis, antennis extrorsum paulo incrassatis, femoribus muticis. Long.
.4a— -50.

Fort Bridger, Dr. Hammond ; Black Hills, Dr. F. V. Hayden. Closely allied
toE. tuberculata, but with the granules of the elytra large, and extending al-
most to the suture, where they pass into punctures as in that species.

This is the first of the group that has occurred east of maritime California
and Oregon.

The following species is unknown to me ; as the work in which it is de-
scribed is rarely seen, I have translated the original French description, and
add it for the benefit of American naturalists.

'E. subaspera, ovalis, elongata, prothorace subquadrato, postice parum
angustato, supra punctato bifoveolatoque ; elytris punctatis lateribus et pos-
tice asperatis ; femoribus anticis inermibus, tibiis anticis leviter incurvis.
Long. -67.'

Solier, Studi Entomologici, 246.

' This species is related to E. a n g u s t a, but is quite distinct. Head tolera-
bly strongly punctured, especially anteriorly, where the punctures are very
close. Suture of the epistoma well marked for its whole length, and forming
a smooth space. Prothorax subrectangular, very slightly narrowed behind
and hardly curved on the sides ; punctuation of the back tolerably strong and
close, but not variolate as in E. c 0 ri a c e a. Besides the punctures two fovese
tolerably well marked may be seen at the anterior third, about the middle of
the breadth. Elytra covered with tolerably large scattered punctures, not
placed in well marked strise, somewhat rough, especially towards the sides and
apex : no transverse rugae. Abdomen finely punctured, with longitudinal
rugae, on the first three segments. Anterior tibiae curved.

California, collection of Mr. Dupont.'

Nov. 2d.

Vice-President Lea in the Chair.

Thirty-eight members present.

Dr. "VYoodhouse announced the death, at Philadelphia, on the 28th
ult., of Dr. Gavin Watson, late a member of the Academy.

Dr. Leidy remarked, that while spending a few weeks daring the past sum-
mer, in company with Dr. Bridges, at the residence of our fellow member Mr.
S. Powel, at Newport, Rhode Island, they together had examined the neighbor-

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 189

ing fresh-water streams and ponds for Polyzoa. They had the good fortune to
find a species of Cristatella ; being the first discovery of this genus in America.
The locality of the polyzoon is Lily Pond, near Newport, in which it is found
very abundantly, adhering to the under side of stones forming the shores of
the pond.

In the month of August, the Cristatella masses were flattened, elliptical,
about half an inch in length and about two lines wide, and were translu-
cent yellowish white. About three rows of polyps encircled the masses.
Each polyp supported on its horse-shoe-like arms seventy-two tentacles, con-
joined at base by a delicate, festooned, areolated membrane.

Specimens of the Cristatella, placed in a dish of water, moved at the rate of
an inch in about tweuty-four hours.

The ova, or statoblasts, were only partially developed during ray stay at New-
port. The present month, ]Mr. Powel has sent to me fully developed speci-
mens, accompanied with a note, in which he says, " I made an expedition to
the Lily Pond, and procured great numbers of Cristatella with ova. I got upon
one stone fifty-four separate masses, some of them one inch and three-quarters
long and one quarter wide, of a beautiful amber color, full of ova, apparently in
various stages of development."

These ova are the largest that I have seen in any genus of Polyzoa. They
are double convex lenticular, and circular, with a marginal discoidal annulus,
a little deeper on one side than on the other. From the inner margin of the
annulus spring forth about seventy anchor-like appendages, of which fifty
spring from one side, and bend in a doubly geniculate manner over the outer
margin of the annulus ; the remaining twenty are shorter, and diverge from the
opposite side.

Breadth of statoblast, 1.152 mm., or about half a line independent of the
anchors.

This American species of Cristatella is respectfully dedicated to the sister of
Mr. Powel, with the name of Cristatella 1dm.

From the European Cristatella mucedo, the American species differs in habit
as well as in several points of structure. Prof. Allman, in his valuable mono-
graph on the Polyzoa, says, that "while the greater number of the fresh-water
Polyzoa lurk on the under surface of stones and in dark recesses, Cristatella
loves to expose itself to the full light and warmth of the sun."

The polyp of C. mucedo has about eighty tentacula ; and the intestine is light
bluish green. That of C. Idee has about seventy-two tentacula, and the intestine
is yellowish. The ova or statoblasts of C. mucedo are about one thirty-third of
an inch broad ; those of C. Ida are about half a line. Prof. Allman's figure
of the statoblast of the former species represents the anchors as sigmoid ; those
of the latler species have a doable elbow.

The discovery of an American Cristatella has afforded me the opportunity of
comparing its statoblasts with those of Pectinatella. The diagnosis formerly
given by authors to those of Crist itella, equally well apply to those of Pectina-
tella, while the statoblasts of the two genera differ in a remarkable manner.
This is sufficiently well indicated by comparing the following description with
that above given, of the statoblasts of Cristatella Idee. The statoblast of Pecti-
natella magnifica is doubly convex lenticular, quadrately circular, and slightly
curved, with a marginal discoidal annulus, much deeper on one side than on
the other. From the outer margin of the annulus spring forth about twelve to
sixteen straightly diverging anchors. Breadth of statoblast 0.88 mm. by 0.8 mm.,
or about the third of a line.

Recently, Dr. Wm. Spillman, of Columbus, Mississippi, has sent to me a de-
scription, accompanied with drawings, of certain gelatiuoid masses from the
lakes of his vicinity, on which he desired some information. The masses, which
Dr. Spillman observes hang from the immersed branches of plants and dead
sticks, at the present time, (October,) " are from the size of a hen's ^gg to such
as measure 15 inches long by 12 inches in diameter." The description, draw-

1858.]

190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

ing of the masses, and numerous specimens of statoblasts also received, are
all referable to the Pectinatella magnifica. I had been prepared for this an-
nouncement by repeated information of medical students from the south-
western portion of our country. Some of them have stated they had seen
these jelly-like masses even as large as a half-bushel measure. Mr. Stimpson.
the accurate naturalist, has informed me, that as early as 1850 he had detected
large brain-like masses of Polyzoa attached to stones in the Middlesex canal,
near Boston. As Pectinatella, so far as my observations go. has always been
found attached to branches of trees, perhaps from the difference of habit, the
brain-like masses may prove to be distinct.

Dr. Leidy further exhibited drawings of a species of Fredericdla, which is
found in the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, near Philadelphia, and also in Lily
Pond, near Newport. He has not yet positively ascertained whether the species
is different from that found in Europe. He added, that two years since he had
detected a species of Lophopus in the Schuvlkill river, but he had not yet had
leisure to determine its character.

Nov. 9lh.

Twenty-seven members present.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings entitled :
Notes on American Land Shells, No. lY, by W. G. Binney, and
•was referred to a Committee.

Nov. IQfJi.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-five members present.

The following note, relating to the fossils presented this evening by
3Ir. David Christy, was read :

This fossil I have supposed to be tlie Orthis bellarugosa, Cosead, whiclimust
have been figured from a young specimen. Hall's 0. insculpta is an old worn
specimen of it, sent by myself before we had discovered the locality for perfect
specimens. It occurs at Oxford, Ohio, about 200ft. below the CliiF Limestone,
and has a vertical range of only a few feet. Its geographical range is exten-
sive. The locality from which the best specimens come is 14 miles west of
Oxford, where they occur in marlite, and the associated fossils I will give ac-
curatelv hereafter.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty five members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Journal :

Description of the Embryonic forms of thirty-eight species of Uni-
onidae, by Isaac Lea, LL.D.

New Unionidae of the United States, by Isaac Lea, LL.D.

And one for publication in the Proceedings, entitled :

Catalogue of Birds collected by A. x\. Henderson, 31. D., U. S. N.,
at Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan^ with notts^ by John Cassin.

And were referred to Committees.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 191

Mr. Cassin called attention to the specimens of Hesperiphona
vesper tina presented by Mr. J. D. Sergeant, which were procured in
northern Illinois, and stated that since the description of the species by
Mr. Wm. Cooper, it has not been collected east of the Mississippi, and
is but rarely found east of the Rocky Mountains.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Thirty-four members present.

On Report of the respective Committees the following papers were
ordered to be printed in the Journal :

Description of the Embryonic forms of thirty-eight species of Uni-
onidae, by Isaac Lea, LL.D.

New Unionidse of the United States, by Isaac Lea, LL.D.,

And the following in the Proceedings :

Catalogue of Birds collected by A. A. Henderson, M. D., U. S, Navy, atHakodadi,
Island of Jesso, Japan, with notes and descriptions of new species,

BY JOHN CASSIN.

During a cruise of the U. S. ship Portsmouth, Captain A. H. Foote, U. S.
Navy, commanding, recently completed, a very interesting collection of birds
and collections in other departments of Natural History were made by Dr. A.
A. Henderson, Surgeon, U. S. Navy, and Member of this Academy. Mainly the
birds were obtained atHakodadi, in the Island of Jesso, the most northern of
the Empire of Japan, and in the Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands, and the
collection contains so many species, little known and otherwise of high interest,
that we have deemed it proper to prepare catalogues for publication. The pre-
sent paper contains birds from Hakodadi, exclusively, but we propose shortly
to give a catalogue of those from the Philippines, to include also another col-
lection recently received from the same Islands.

Though the fullest encouragement and every facility was cheerfully granted
by Captain Foote, opportunities for collecting birds only presented, favorable
in any considerable degree, at the two points mentioned. The U. S. ship
Portsmouth, it will be remembered, was in the Chinese Seas during the recent
troubles, and it was undoubtedly most fortunate for the interests of the United
States that such an accomplished and efficient officer as Captain Foote was in
command and so faithfully maintained and defended the dignity of his flag and
the reputation of his country.

The present collection was made at Hakodadi in October, 1857.

1. MiLVUS MELANOTis, Tcmm. and Schleg.

Milvus melanotis, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves. p. 14, (1850.)
Falco cheela, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 14, (1790) ?
Milvus govinda, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 18,32, p. 81?
Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 5, 6. Gould, B. of Asia, pt. 4,
pi. 1 ?
Apparently a young male of this species, very much resembling the figure?
in Faun. Jap. cited above, (pi. 5,) but with the wing coverts and shorter quills
tipped and edged with dull white. The entire under parts are also striped lon-
gitudinally and in the middle of the feathers with a dull yellowish white.

This bird is scarcely to be distinguished from the species usually known as
Milvus govinda, of which a beautiful and very accurate figure is given by Mr.

1858.]

192 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Gould, as above, and which is a common species of India. The present speci-
men is from Hakodadi, in the Island of Jesso.

2. Emberiza fdcata, Pallas.

Emberiza fucata, Pallas, Yorages, iv. p. 669, (French ed. Paris, 1793.)
Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. b1. Pallas, Zoog. Rosso Asiat.
Aves, pi. 46.
From Hakodadi. Specimens in immature plumage.

■ >. Emberiza ciopsis, Bonaparte.

Emberiza ciopsis, Bonap., Consp. Av. p. 466, (1850.)

Emberiza cioides, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. p. 98, (1850, not of Brandt

of previous date.)
Temm. and Schleg. Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 59.
Hakodadi.

4. Passer montaninus, Pallas ?

Passer montanina, Pall., Zoog. Rosso Asiat. ii p. 30?

Passer montanus, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 89?

From Hakodadi. A single specimen in Dr. Henderson's collection is not in
good plumage, but is interesting on account of its similarity in colors only to
the common Passer montanus of Europe. It is, however, different from that
species in having the bill stronger and the feet much larger, and in general
appears to be a more robust bird. The toes in the present species are so much
longer and thicker, that those of P. montanus, (from France,) appear on com-
parison to be quite feeble. It seems, in fact, to belong to Bonaparte's second
division of the genus Passer, (Consp. Av. p. 508,) though with the plumage of
the type of the first division, P.montamis.

This rather singular bird is very probably meant bj' Pallas in Zoog. as above
cited, where he gives it as a species of eastern Siberia and probably also by
Temminck and Schlegel under the name of P. montanus. The distinguished
authors last mentioned seem, however, not to have had specimens before them
The name given by Pallas very probably ought to be re-established for this
species.

5. Sturnus cinekaceus, Temminck.

Sturnus cineraceus, Temm. PI. Col. ii, liv. 94, (about 1826.)
Temm. PL Col. 536. Temm. and Schleg., Faun, Jap. Aves, pi. 45.
Evidently a young bird of this species with nearly the entire plumage dark
cinerous, lighter on the under parts, but showing the characteristic white spots
on the ears, and with the throat becoming black. Under wing and tail coverts
white.

" In scattered flocks at Hakodadi, very shy." — (Dr. Henderson.)

(). Alauda japonica, Temm. and Schleg.

Alauda japonica, Temm, and Schleg,, Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 87, (1850.)
Temm. and Schleg. Faun. Jap, Aves, pi. 47.

The figure in Faun. Jap., cited above, seems to represent a young bird.
Specimens in the present collection are more mature and have the brownish
spot on the cheek very distinct. The dark markings of the upper parts are
larger than in Alauda arborea, to which this species bears a resemblance and
relationship.

The tail in the present bird is quite as long as is usual in the genus Alauda,
and longer than in A. arborea. In several specimens the entire outer feather
is while, in others a portion of the inner web is brown. It is quite distinct as
a species. Hakodadi.

7. Parus minor, Temm. and Schleg.

Parus minor, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 70.
Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap, Aves, pi. 33.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 193

"Frequent everywhere in the vicinity of Hakodadi, in trees and bushes, usu-
ally several together. The voice of this species is quite similar to that of the
Chickadee of the United States."— (Dr. Henderson.)

8. Parus kamtschatkensis, Bonaparte.

Parus kamtschatkensis, Bonap., Consp. Av. p. 230, (1850.)
The only specimen that we have ever seen of a species allied to Parus palus-
iris of Europe, but apparently sufficiently distinct. So far as we can judge
from a very short description, it is the bird meant by the Prince Bonaparte as
above cited.

In this bird the upper parts of the body are pale ashy, (" albo-canescms,"
Bonap.) paler than in Parus palustris and the tail is longer with all the feathers
uniformly ashy brown, the edges only of the outer feathers being white. Head
above and neck behind black, throat black, under parts white, with a very pale
and dull tinge of yellowish ashy on the abdomen and flanks. The black of the
head extends on to the neck further than usual in species having this character.
Bill rather stout.

This species is an addition to the Japanese fauna made by Dr. Henderson.
" Common in the woods behind Hakodadi." — (Dr. Henderson.)

9. MoTACiLLA L0GENS, Tcmm. and Schleg.

Motacilla lugens, Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 60, pi. 25,
(1850.)
Hakodadi. ■

"Along the shore and on stones where the surf was breaking. Generally
several together, but sometimes solitary. Abundant." — (Dr. Henderson.)

10. Motacilla boarula, Linnaeus.

Motacilla boarula, Linn., Mant. lYVl, p. 527.
Motacilla Melanope, Pallas, Voy. iv. p. 667, (1793)?
Gould, B. of Eur. ii. pi. 147.
" Hakodadi, not so abundant as the preceding." — (Dr. Henderson.)

11. Anthus japonicos, Temm. and Schleg.

Anthus pratensis japonicus, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 59,
pL 24.
Hakodadi.

12. Phyllopneuste coronata, (Temm. and Schleg.)

Ficedula coronata, Temm. and Schleg. Fann. Jap, p. 48, pi. 18.
Hakodadi. Allied to Sylvia sibilutrix of Europe.

13. LusciNioPSis JAPONicA, Dobis.

Resembling L. Savit, Bonap., Consp. Av. i. p. 288, Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 104,
(which is Sylvia luscinioides, Savi,) and also L. fiiiviatilis, (Meyer) and about
the same size, but with the upper parts olive green, tinged M-ith brown, and
the under parts pale yellow, spotted on the breast with greenish brown, and
with the sides and abdomen pale, reddish brown. Bill rather large, upper
mandible and tip of under mandible brownish black, base of under mandible pale
yellow; legs and feet strong; toes long; wing short, second quill longest; tail
cuneate, dark brown ; outer feathers tipped with white. Upper parts dark
olive green, tinged with brown, especially on the rump and upper tail coverts,
obscurely spotted with brownish black on the head and back, line over the eye
pale yellow. Under parts pale yellow, nearly white on the throat, with
numerous greenish brown spots on the breast; sides and tibiae dark greenish
brown; abdomen and under tail coverts very pale reddish brown; under wing
white. Total length about 5J inches, wing 2^, tail 2 inches.

Ilab. — Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan. Discovered by A. A. Henderson,
M. D., U. S. Navy.

This bird seems to be quite distinct from either Sylvia lusciniodes or S. fluvin-

1858.]

1^^ PEOCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

tilis though much resembling both, and strictly of the same subgeneric group.
It is shorter in the wings and has larger legs and feet than either, and differs
also in color. A single specimen only is in the present collection.

No species of this group is enumerated in Temminck and Schlegel's Catalogue,
nor do we find any description of an Asiatic species applicable to the present
species. Its nearest relative is 5*. luscinioides. It may also be related to Lociis-
tella rubescens. Blyth. Jour. As. Soc. xiv. p. 582.

14. Luscisiopsis Hendersonii, nobis.

Resembling the preceding, but much smaller, and also resembling Sylvia locus-
fella of Europe. Wings short, legs and feet large, toes long, tail rather wide,
rounded. Upper parts dark olive green, with a tinge of brown, every feather
with a central stripe of brownish black. Under parts yellowish white, breast
with numerous small spots of brownish black, sides and tibiae greenish brown,
tail dark brown, abdomen, under tail coverts and under wing coverts with a
tinge of very pale reddish. Bill with the upper mandible dark horn color, under
mandible lighter, feet pale yellowish. Total length about 4^ inches, wing 2^.
tail Ij inches.

Hab. — Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan. Discovered by A. A. Henderson ,
M. D., U. S. Navy.

This little bird appears to us to be of rather complex generic, or, perhaps,
more properly, subgeneric relations, and would be quite as properly included
in the genus Locustella as in Luscinioj^sis, and in fact bears considerable resem-
blance and relationship to the European Sylvia locustella. It much resembles
the preceding, having the same short wings, rounded tail, and very strong legs
and long toes, but the bill is comparatively smaller. As will be seen by the
measurements given, the present bird is much smaller than the preceding, and
is smaller also than S. locustella.

One specimen only in the collection made by Dr. Henderson, to whom we
have dedicated this curious little species, his high position as an oificer of the
Medical corps of the Navy of the United States, and extensive acquirements
also as a naturalist, fully justifying it. but especially his untiring energy in con-
tributing to the ornithological collection of this Academy renders the present
application of his name entirely appropriate. The present bird does not much
resemble any species enumerated by Temminck and Schlegel.

15. BuTALis ciNEREo-ALBA, (Temm. and Schleg.)

Muscicapa cinereo-alba, Temm. and Schleg. , Faun. Jap. Aves,p. 42, pi. 15.
'• High up in the trees, behind Hakodadi, several together. (Dr. Henderson.)

16. Merula Naumannii, (Temminck.)

Turdus Naumannii, Temm., Man. d'Orn. i. p. 170.
Turdus eunomus, Temm., PI. col. (liv. 87.)
Turdus dubius, Naumann.
Turdus fuscatus, Pallas?

Temm.. PI. col. 514. Naumann, B. of Germ. pi. 68. Gould, B. of Eur. ii.

pi. 79.

Several specimens in excellent plumage, and undoubtedly the species figured

by all the authors above cited. Resembling somewhat but quite distinct from

T. atrigularis, 'KaXi. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 75, of which specimens from Siberia

are in the museum of the Academy.

" Very numerous everywhere in the vicinity of Hakodadi in scattered flocks.
When disturbed, uttered a note resembling that of Merula migratoria of the
United States, which it also much resembles in general habits." (Dr. Hen-
derson.)

17. Alcedo besgalensis, Gmelin.

Alcedo bengaleusis, Gm., Syst. Nat. i. p. 450. (1788.)
Temm. and Schlg., Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 38.
Hakodadi.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 195

18. Picc'S MAJOR, Linnaeus.

Picus major, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 176. (1766.)
Gould, B. of Eur. iii., pi. 229.
Very fine specimens, all of which differ from European specimens of this
species in having the shorter quills fully spotted with white like the others. In
other respects they are identical.

'•Frequent in the woods near Hakodadi, solitary." (Dr. Henderson.)
This species was first obtained in Japan by Mr. William Heine, of the U. S.
Expedition to Japan under Com. Perry.

19. SiTTA siBiRiCA, Pallas.

Sitta europaea, var. sibirica, Pallas, Zoog. Ross. Asiat. i. p. 547. (1814.)

Sitta uralensis, Gloger, Handb. Yog. Eur., p. 578. (1834.)

" Sitta uralensis, Licht." Gloger ut supra.

Sitta asiatica, Temm.

" Sitta europaea, Linn, nee Auct.," Bonap. Gonsp. Av. p. 226.

Sitta roseilia, Bonap., Consp. Av. p. 227 ?

Gould, B. of Eur. iii. pi. 236.
A single specimen in the collection of Dr. Henderson appears to be the first
ever obtained in Japan, and is very probably the same species inserted in their
catalogue by Messrs. Temminck and Schlegel, (Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 138), on
the faith of a Japanese drawing. This bird cannot be distinguished from speci-
mens labelled "Sitta uralensis," in the Museum of this Academy, purporting to
be from the north of E^urope, and seems to be the same as represented in the
figures cited above.

•• On the trunks of coniferous trees forming groves behind the town of Plako-
dadi, having apparently the habits of the common Nuthatch of the United
States, and emitting a low chirp at intervals. One pair only came under mr
notice." (Dr. Henderson).

20. Squatarola helvetica, (Linnaeus).

Tringa helvetica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 250, (1766).
Wilson, Am. Orn. vi. pi. 57, fig. 4.
• Abundant in the grass, a short distance from the shores of the bay at Hako-
dadi." (Dr. Henderson).

21. Charadrius orientaus, Temm. and Schleg.

Charadrius pluvialis orientalis, Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, p.
104, pi. 62.
" Along the shores of a salt-water creek at Hakodadi."

22. Chabadkius morinellus, Linnjeus.

Charadrius morinellus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 254, (1766).

Gould, B. of Eur., iv., pi. 295.
Another addition to the Japanese fauna, by Dr. Henderson, who states the
locality the same as the preceding. Not to be distinguished from European
specimens.

23. SCOLOPAX SOLtTARIA, HodgSOU.

Scolopax solitaria, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1836, p. 8.
Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 68.
'• In marshy grounds, near Hakodadi, solitary." (Dr. Henderson).

24. TOTANUS BREVIPES, Vicillot.

Totanus brevipes, Vieill., Nouv. Diet, vi., p. 419, (1816).
Totanus pulverulentus, Miiller Verhandl., p. 153, (1844).
Totanus oceanicus, Lesson, Comp., Buff., p. 244, (1847),
Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 65.
Hakodadi.

1858.]

196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

25. ToTANUS GLOTTIS, (Liunaeus).

Scolopax glottis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 245, (1766).
Totanus glottoides, Gould?
Gould, B. of Eur., iv., pi. 312.
Specimens much resembling T. glottoides, from Australia, but probably not
distinct from the European bird. The first ever obtained in Japan.

"Along the margin of a salt-water creek, near Hakodadi." (Dr. Hen-
derson).

26. Tringa magna, (Gould).

Shoeniclus magnus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1848, p. 39.
Tringa crassirostris, Temm. and Scheleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 107, (1850).
Gould, B. of Aust., vi., pi. 33, Temm. and Schleg. Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 64.
" Along the shores and in grassy plains, in flocks, near Hakodadi." (Dr.
Henderson).

27. Teisga alpina, Linnaeus.

Tringa alpina. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 249, (1766).
Gould, B. of Eur., iv. pi. 329.
Identical with specimens from Europe, but smaller than the bird, regarded as
the same species in the United States. The latter is our Tringa americana, in
Pacific Railroad Report, ix., p. 719.

28. Tringa mincta, Leisler.
Gould, B. of Eur. iv. pi. 332.

Obtained in Japan for the first time, by Dr. Henderson, at Hakodadi, and
not to be distinguished from European specimens. " Abundant, generally
several together. Between the Bay of Hakodadi and the mountains to the
northward a plain rises very gradually, which is dry near the shore, but two or
three hundred yards beyond, are extensive grassy marshes. From these one
or two small streams run to the Bay, before discharging into which they run
for a mile or two nearly parallel to the beach, and frequently not more than
thirty or forty yards distant. The tide ebbs and flows in these streams, and
their shores are frequented by all the wading birds preceding, except the
Scolopax." (Dr. Henderson).

29. NUMENIUS.

A species about the size of iV. longirostris, but with a shorter bill, to which we
cannot at present apply a name, a single specimen in the collection being ap-
parently in young plumage. It is smaller than iV. myor or N. arquata, and is
the fourth species of Numenius, now known to inhabit the empire of Japan, two
having been given by Temminck and Schlegel, and a third having been ob-
tained by Mr. Heine, naturalist, attached to Perry's U. S. Expedition to Japan.
Hakodadi.

30. LiMosA LAPPosiCA, (Liunaeus).

Scolopax lapponica, Linn. Syst., Nat. i. p. 246, (1766).
Limosa rufa, Brisson, Orn. v., p. 281.
Limosa ferruginea, Pallas.

Gould. B. of Eur., iv. pi. 306; Naumann, B. of Germ. pi. 215.
Not to be distinguished from European specimens. Hakodadi.

31. H^MATOPUS osTRALEGCs, Linuaeus.

Haematopus ostralegus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 257, (1766).
Gould, B. of Eur. iv., pi. 300; Naumann, B. of Germ., pi. 181.
For the first time this bird was obtained in Japan by Dr. Henderson. It is
stated by Temminck and Schlegel to be given in their catalogue, (Faun. Jap.
p. 139) on the faith of a drawing by a native artist. Hakodadi.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

197

Notes on American Land Shells, No. 4.

BY W. G. BINNEY.

The following Catalogue of American Terrestial Mollusks, is offered in the
hope of drawing attention to the subject, and by exciting criticism, to furnish
the first step towards an arrangement of the confused synonomy. The list is
necessarily incomplete, as but a small portion of the oldest States has been
thoroughly searched, and an immense extent of territory remains quite unex-
plored.

The species of the Pacific coast north of Mazatlan, are catalogued separately.
The Mexican species will be published in a subsequent paper.

Reference is made only to authors giving a description or figure of each
species.

I.
Familia LIMACEA.
Arion.

1. A. foliatus Gld.

LiMAX.

2. L. Columbianus Gld.

Familia HELICEA.
scccinka.

3. S. cingulata Forbes.

4. S. Nuttalliana Lea, Pf., Binn.,

5. S. Oregonensis Lea, Pf., Binn.

6. S.rusticana Old., Pf.

Species exclusa.
S. aperta. Lea, Ins. Sandw. nee
Cal. teste Gould.

Helix.

7. H. a c u t e d e n t a W. G. Binn.

? var. /? Helix Loisa, W. G. Binn.
B. mruginosa Gould, =H. arrosa.

8. H. a n a c h o r e t a W. G. Binn.

H. arboretorum Val., =Helix Nick-
liniana.

9. H. areolataP/l, Pkil., Chemn.,

Gld,, Rve.
rar. /3. Pfeiffer.
var. y. Pfeiffer.

n. areolatay&v. Chemn.

10. H. a r r 0 s a Gld. in litteris.

H. aeruginosa Gld. (olim,) W. G.
Binn.

11. H. aspersa Mull.?

H. Baskervillet Pf. &c. =H. devia.

12. H. Californiensis Lea, Tros.

Chemn., Eve., DeE., Binn.
H. vincta Val., Rve., Pf., Ghemn.,
JT. Calif orniensis Pf., Chemn., Rve.,
=H. Nickliniana.

1858.]

13. H. C o 1 u m b i a n a Lea, Tros.,

DeK., Chemn., Pf., Rve., Binn.
H. labiosa Gld., Pf.
H. damascenus Gld.=H. Pandorae.

14. H. devia Gld., Pf.

H. Baskervillei Pf., Rve.

15. H. Dupetithouarsi Desk.,

Chemn., Pf, Rve., W. G. Binn.,
Gld.
(^junior), H. Oregonensis Lea, Tros.,
DeK., Pf.

16. H. e xar ata iy. .?

17. H. fidelis Gray, Mull., Chemn.,

Pf, Rve., W. G.Binn.
H. Nuttalliana Lea, Tros., DeK.
Binn., Gld.

18. H. germana Gld., Pf.

19. H. i n f u m a t a Gld., W. G. Binn.

20. H. i n t e r c i s a W. G. Binn.
H. Nicklimana var. Binn.

21. H. Kelletti Forb., Chemn., Pf,

Rve.

H. labiosa Gld., &c. =H. Colum-
biana.

H. Lecontii Lea, =H. loricata Gld.

22. H. levis Pf, Chemn.
var. /?. Pfeifi'er,

23. H. Loisa W. G. Binn., (an H.

acutedentatse, var. ?)

24. H. loricata Gld., Pf.
JJ. Lecontii Lea,, Pf.

25. H. M a z a 1 1 a n i c a P/.

26. H. M o r m 0 n u m Pf.

n. nemoraviga Val., =H. Nicklini-
ana.

27. H. Newberryana W. G. Binn^

28. H. Nickliniana Lea, Tros.,

Binn., (excl. varr.)

198

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

H. nemoraviga Val.
H. arboretorum Val.
H. CaUforniensu Pf. (et. /?.) Chemn.

{ezcl. var. 2.) Rve.
H. Kultalliana Lea, &c. =H. fidelis.
H. Oregonemis Lea, &c. =H. Dupe-

tithouarsi.

29. H. P a n d 0 r ae Forb., Chemn., Pf.,

Rve., Gld.
H. damascenus Gld., olim.

30. H. r a m e n t o s a Gld.

31. H. r e d e m i t a W. G. Binn.
H. Nickliniana var. Binn.

32. H. reticulata Pf.

33. H. s p 0 r t e 1 1 a Gld., Pf.

H. vineta Val. &c. =H. Californi-

ensis.

Species exclusa.
H. Sagraiana Orb., (teste Sowb.,

Carp.) Ins. Cuba.

Bdlimus.

34. B. C a 1 i for n i c u s i2ye., P/.

35. B. chordatus Pf.

B. elatus Gld,, vid. B. excelsus.

36. B. excelsus Gld.
B. elatus Gld., in tab.

37. B. H u m b o 1 d t i Rve., Pf.
B. Mexkanus Val., nee Lam.

B. Mexkanus Pf. {excl. B. Mexkinus
Val.)

38. B. L a u r e n t i i Soiverbg, ^-c, var.

/?. Pfeifer.

39. B. Mexican us Lam.. Deless..

Pf, Rve., nee Val.
Cochlogena vittata Fer.
B. Mexkanus Val., &c. =B. Hum-
boldti.

40. B. V e g e t u s Gld.

{B. palUdior Sowb,. teste Cuming.)

41. B. V e s i c a 1 i s Gld., nomen trans-

mutavdzim.

42. B. zebra Muller, ^c. vule infra.

43. B. Ziegl er i Pf, Rve.

ACHATI.NA.

44. A. C a 1 i f 0 r n i c a Pf., Rve.

Species ezclusce.
Ackatina Albersi Pf. =Glandina.
Achatina turris Pf. =Glandina.

Glandina.
45 G. A 1 b e r s i iy.

46. G. turris {Achatina), Pf, Rve,

Desk.
Glandina Albersi var. turrita P. P.

Carp.
Oleacina turris Gr. et Pf.
Familia AURICULACEA.
SuB-FAMiLiA MELAMPEA.
Melampus.

47. M. 0 1 i V a c e u s Carp.

Familia ACICULACEA.
Truncatella.

48. T. C a 1 i f o r n i c a P/.
Truncatella — ? Carpenter.

II.

Familia LIMACEA.

Vagikulus.

49. V. Floridianus Binn.

Species exclusce.
Vaginulus flezuolaris Grat.
" fuscus Grat.

" oxyurus Grat.

" quadrulus Grat.

Tebennophori'S.

50. T. C a r 0 1 i n e n s i s {Limnx) .

Bosc.
Limax Carolinianus De Roissy.

'< Carolincnsis Fer., Bosc,
Desh. in Lam., Mrs. Gray.

" -marmoratus DeK., (teste
Newcomb,?« Zi7<.)Linsley?

«' togata Gld.
Philomycus Carolinensis Fer., Gr.

etPf.
T. Carolinensis Binn., Ad., DeK.,

Stimp., (abs. desc.)

51. T. dorsalis Binn.
Philomycus dorsalis Binn. (olim),

Ad., Gr. etPf.
Limax dorsalis DeK.
Aeion.

52. A. e m p i r i c o r u m Fer. . {teste

Grat.)

53. A. h o r t e n s i s Fer., Binn., DeK..

Gr. et Pf

Species exclusa.
Arion foliatus Gld., (teste Grat..)
hab.litt. occid.

Limax.

54. L. agrestis Miill., Ad.. DeK.,

Gr. et Pf.
L. tunicata Gld.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

199

55. L. campestris £inn.,Ad.,DeK..

Gr. et Pf.
L. flatus Binn., Gr. et Pf. =L,

variegatus.
L. iunicata Gid., Gr. et Pf. =L

agrestis.

56. L. V a r i e g a t u s Fer., ^-c , Binn.
L.fiavus Binn. olim,DeK..Gr. et Pf.

Species exdusce.
L. Carolinianus De Roissy =Tebeii-

nophorus Carolinensis.
L. Carolinensis Per., &c. =TebeQ-

nophorus Carolinensis.
//. Columhiamts Gld., (teste Grat.)
L, dorsalis DeK. =Tebennophorus

dorsalis.
L.fuliginosm Gld., (teste Grat.)
L. gracilis Raf., Gr. et. Pf.
L. marmoratus DeK., Linsley, — v.

Tebennophorus Carolinensis.
L. olivaceus Gld., teste Grat.
L. togata Gld., =Tebennophoru3
Carolinensis.
E Limaceis exdusce.
Eumelus Raf.

" lividus Raf.
" nebulosus Raf.
Boroceras Raf.

" gracilis Raf.

Philomyciis Raf.

" Carolinensis Per. =Te-

bennophorus Caroli-
nensis.
'■ dorsalis Binn., (olim.)

^Tebennophorus dor-
salis.
'• f.exuolaris RsLf. , Gt. etVf.

" fuscus Raf., Gr. et Pf.

" lividus Gr. et Pf.

" nebulosus Gr. et Pf.

Testacina Raf. teste Gr. et Pf.
Urcinella Raf., teste Gr. et Pf.
Zilotea Raf., teste Gr. et Pf.
Oxyrus Raf., Gr. et Pf.

'' quadrilus Raf.,Gr. et Pf.

Familia HELICEA.

VlTRINA.

57. V. angel icae Beck. (abs. desc.)

Moll., Pf.
Helix pelludda Fabr.
Helix domestica Strom, teste Fabr.
V. Americana Pf., &c. =V. limpida.

58. V. 1 i m p i d a Gld., Pf.
V. pellucida Say, Ad., DeK.,Stimp.,

(abs. desc.) Binn., nee Miill.
V. Americana P.''., (olim).

1858,]

61.

62

65

66

V. pellucida Say, &c. ^Y. limpida.

SUCCINEA.

59. S. a u r e a Lea, Pf, Gld.,
S. ovalis teste Anthony, abs. desc.

60. S. a V a r a Sag, Ad., Gld , {excl. S.
vermeta,) Pf.,DeK.,Chemn., Binn.
{excl. S. vermeta).

S. Wardiana Lea, Pf.

var. major.

S. campestris Sag, Pf, {excl.

S. campestris Gld.,) Chemn. (excl.

do.) Desh. in Fer., Binn., nee

Gld., DeK., ^'c. Srcipt. Am.,{abs.

desc)
S. campestris Gld., &c. =S. obliqua.

S. concordialis Gld., Pf.
S. munita Binn., vol. 1, abs. desc.
S. e f f u s a Skuit., Chemn., Pf.
S. Groenlandica Beck. (a6.».

desc.) Moll., Pf.
S. H a y d e n i W. G. Binn.
var. minor.
S. i u fl a t a Lea, Pf.
S. campestris var. (teste Binn.;

67. S. 1 i n e a t a W. G. Binn.
S. lineata DeK., =S. obliqua.

68. S. 1 u t e 0 1 a Gld., Pf. in litt
S. munita Binn. =S. concordialis.

69. S. obliqua Say, Ad., DeK.,
Chemn., Binn., (^ezcl. S. Totten-
iana. )

S. ovalis Say, Ad., DeK., Desh. in
Lam., Enc. Mech., et in Fer.,
Pf., Chemn., nee Gld.

iS". campestris Gld , DeK., &c. Scr.
Am., (absq. desc), nee Say.

S. lineata DeK.

Cochlohydra ovalis Fer.

70. S. o V a 1 i 3 Gld., {non Sag,) Binn.,
(^excl. S. ovalis Ad., ?)

S. ovalis Say, &c. =S. obliqua.

71. S. r e t u s a Lea, DeK., Pf.
S. ovalis Binn., (excl. syn. desc. el

fig-)
S. campestris Anthony (pars.) abs.
desc), nee Say.

72. S. S a II e a n a iy., Chemn.
S. Texasiana Pf. =S. luteola.

73. S. T 0 1 1 e n i a n a Lej, Pf, Gld.
S. obliqua Binn., (pars.) nee Say.

74. S. vermeta Say. (=S. avara,
Say, var. teste Gld-, Ad., Binn.,

m

200

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

S. Wardiana Lea., &c. =S. arara.

Species excluscB.
S. amphibia Dr., an in Am.?
S. puiris Lin., an in Am.?

Helix.

li. ahjecta Gld., =Heli5 divesta.

"75. H. a 1 b 0 1 a b r i s Say, Ad., Binn.,

Gld., DeK.,Desh. in Fer., (excl.

xlvi. A. f. T et xliii. f. 4.) Chenu,

Chemn. (excl. varr. C and D,) Pf.

(excl. varr. y /,) Rve., Billings^

Bid., (excl. H. majore.)
Helicof/ena albolabris Fer., (excl. y.)
Lister fig. 45, Petiver, No. 3.
junior. Helix rufa DeK.
A'ar. ^d e n t a t a .
H. alhozonaia Binn., =Helix gris-

eola.
H. alliaria Forb. vid. Helix Steeus-

trupii.
H. annulata Case. =Helix exigua.

76. H. alternata Say, Binn., Ad.,

Gld., DcK., Pf., Desk, in Fer.,

Pot. et Mich., Bill., Chemn., Rve.,

Billings.
Helicella alternata Fer.
H. scabra Lam., Chenu, Desh. in

Lam., DeK.
H. radiata Gmel.
Petiver, No. 5, List., t. 90, f. 69.
H. infecta Pf.
H. strongylodes Pf.? Rre.?
Var. 1. albina.

2. Australis.

3. carinata (H. mordax Sh.?)

4. laevisatior.

IT. apex Rve., =H. minuscula.
H. apicina Menke., vid. H. varians.

77. H. a p p r e s s a Say, Binn., DeK.,

Chemn., Pf., Desh in Fer., Rve.
H.linguifera Lam., Desh. in Lam.,
Deless.jChenu.jPf., (olim. Symb.

1.)
Helicodonta linquifera Fer.
Yar. a. Say.
73. H. a r b o r e a Say, Binn., Ad , Gld.,

DeK., Chemn., Pf., (excl. H.

Ononis.) Rve.
Helicella arborea Fer., (^H. nitidce

rar.)

79. H. A r i a d n oe Pf., Chemn.
H. Couchiana Lea.

80. H. a s p e r s a MilU., Pf, c^'c, Binn.

81. H. a s t e r i s c u s Morse.

H. minutissima Gld., nee Lea.

82. H. a u r i c u 1 a t a {Polygyra) Say.
H. avriculata Binn., (excl. H. avara

et Texasiana), Chemn., Desh.
in Lam. et in Fer., Pf., Rve.
Helicodonta auricvlata Fer.,

" viinor Fer.? Conf. H.

uvulifera.
H. auriculata var. avara, Binn.?

83. H. avara {Polygyra,) Say.

H. avara DeK., Chemn.? Pf., Rve.?

Desh. in Fer.
H. auriculata Wmn., pars.1
H. Sayii Wood.
Helicodonta avara Fer.

84. H. b a r b i g e r a Redf, Gld.

H. bicostata Pf. &c.. =Helixgularis.

85. H. b u c c u 1 e n t a Gld., Pf.
H. ihyroides var. /?. Pf. ?
Helicodonta thyroides var. /?, Fer?
Yar. minor.

86. H. b ul b i n a Desh. in Fer.

H capillacea Pf., =H. fuliginosa.

87. H. cap sella Gld.

H. rotula Gld., (olim nee Lowe), Pf.
H.placentula Shutt., Pf , Gld.
//. carnicolor Pf., &c., =H. varians.
H. carolinensis Lea, &c., vid., H.
palliata.

88. ^. c e 1 1 a r i a 3Iull. Pf. ^c, Binn.,

Gld, DeK.
? H. glaphyra Say, nee Pf., Bid.
Helicella glaphyra Fer,, abs. desc,

89. H. c e r e o 1 u s Muhl., Chemn., Pf.

Rve.
Polygyra septemvolva Say.
H. septemvolva Binn., (pars). Wood,

Sow., Pot. et Mich., Desh. in

Fer.
Helicodonta septemvolva Fer.
H. planorbiilaha.m., Desh. in Lam.,

Chenu, Deless.
Yar. laminifera.

90. H. chersina Say. Binn., {excl.

H. egena), Ad., Gld. DeK.
H.fulva, teste Chemn., Pf., Rve.,

Forb. & Hani,
H. cicericula Fer, =H. griseola.

91. H. CI ark 11 Lea.

92. H. clausa Say, Chenu., DeK?

Binn. in Terr. Moll. {excl. synon.)

Bid.
H. Pennsylvanica Pf. pars., Rve.,

Chemn. pars., nee Green.
Yar,
H. clausa Binn. fig. in Bost. Journ.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

201

H. clausa Pf., Fer., &c. =:H. in-
flecta.

93. H. con cava Say, Binn. in T. M.,

Ad. DeK., Binn. in B. J. (exc?,

syn et t'ib.)
H. planorboides Pf., Chemn., Rve.,

Desh. in Fer.
Helicella planorboides Fer. abs. des.
H. convexa Chemn., Pf., &c. =II-_

raonodon.
//. {Slenostoma) convexa Raf. =//.

hirsuta.

94. H. C 0 o p e ri W.G. Binn.

H. costata Mull., =:H. pulchella.
H. Coiichiana Lea, ==H. Ariadnae.

95. H.Cumberla n dian a (Car&coZ-

la) Lea, Trosc.
ff. Curaberlandiana Binn., DeK , Rve.

Pf.
//. {Omphalina) ciiprca"R.&i., vid. II.

fuliginosa.
H. dejecta Gld. = Helix divesta.
6.H. demissa Binn., Pf., Rve.
H. {Helicodonta) denotata Fer. &c.
= Helix palliata.

97. H. dentiferai?inn.,^rf., DeK.,

Mrs. Gray, Pf., {excl. syn.)
Chemn., (excl. syn. et fig.)
H. diodonta Say, &c. = Helix
Sayii Binn.

98. H. divesta Gld.

H. abjecta Gld., (olim.,) Pf.
H. dejecta Gld., olim.

99. H. Dorfeuilliana (PoZ^^3/ra)

Lea, Tros.
n. fatigiata Binn., (pars. excl.

syn. et fig.)
H. DorfeuilUana Bid. nee. Pf.,

Desh. in Fer., Rve.
H. Dorfeulliana Desh. =H. Haz-

ardi.
100. H. Edgariana ( CarocoUa) Lea,

Tros.
H. Edgariana Pf., Rve., Gld.
H. spinosa var. Binn.
101. H. Edvardsi.SM.
102. H. QgQn.&Say,DeK., Chemn., Pf.,

Rve.
non H. egena Gld., in Terr. Moll.
H. egena Gld. = Helix Gundlachi.

103.H. electrina Gld., Binn., DeK.,
Ad.

n. nitidosa var. Pf., olim.

H. pur a pars Chemn., Pf., Rve.
1858.]

104. H. e 1 e v a t a Say, Binn., DeK.,

Chemn., Pf, Mrs. Gray, Rve.,

Desh. in Fer. {excl. U. elevata

Orb.)
Helicodonta Knoxvilliana Fer.
junior Helix Tennesseensis Lea,

Pf.

105. H. Elliotti Redf, Gld.

106. H. exigiia Stim., Pf, Gld.

H. annulata Case, Pf., Ann. et

Mag. N. H.
H. striatella junior, teste, Gld.,

olim (Sill. Journ.)

107. H. exo let a £«nn. DeK.

H. albolabris S unidenta Pf., olim.

" var. D. Chemn.

Helicodonta albolabris var. Fer.
H. zaleta Binn. olim, Pf., Desh.
in Fer., Rve., Mrs. Gray.

108. H. Fabricii (Petasia) Beck.
H. Fabricii Moll., Pf, Rve.
H. Hammonis Strom.?

H. nitida Fabr.?
H. alUaria Forb. teste Morch.
1C9. H. fallax Say, DeK., Chemn.,

Pf, Rve.
H. tridentata Binn., pars.
110. H. fatigiata (Polygyra) Say.
H. fatigiata Binn., (in B. J. ex

parte, excl. syn. et fig.) ditto, in

Terr. Moll, (ex parte, excl. syn.

et t. xxxix. f. 2,) Shut., Bland.
H. Texasiana var. B. Chemn.,

(excl. desc. syn. et fig.) Desh.

in Fer., (excl. desc. syn. et

fig-)

H. Texasiana (iVi., (excl. desc. et
syn.)

H. DorfeuilUana Desh. in Fer.,
(excl. syn.)

Helicina fastigiata DeK.

H. fatigiata Binn., pars vid. H.
Hazardi.

H.forulifera'Rve. = Helix uvuli-
fera.

H.fraterna Say, &c.,vid. H. mono-
don.

H. fraterna Wood = Helix hir-
suta.
lll.H. friabilis W. G. Binn.

H. lucubrata Pf. in litt.
112. H. fuliginosa Binn-, (in
Bost. J., excl. H. lucubrata et
H. IcEvigata) do. in Terr. Moll.
(excl. H. Icevigata), Ads., (excl.
H. lucubrata) DeK., Chemn.
Pf, Rve.?
15

202

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

H. capillacea Pf., olim, nee. Fer.

Oviphalina cuprea Raf. ?

H. glaphyraFi.jRve. r= Helix inor-

nata.
H. glaphyra Say, vid. Helix cella-

ria.

113. H. griseola Pf., Chemn., Rve.,
H. splendidula An. (abs. desc.)

teste Pf.
H. cicercida Fer., MSS. teste Pf.,
Brandybcune pisuin, Beck (In

dex) teste Pf.
If. albozonata Binn.?

114. H. gnlaris Say, Binn., DeK.,

Chemn. (excl. var.) Mrs. Gray, \

Pf. {excl. var. /?) Rvr. |

n. hicostata Pf., (olim. nee in j

litteris), Chemn., Rve.
Helicodonta gnlaris, Fer.
Helicostyla Rofnesquea, Fer.?
var . umbilicata.
115.H. Gnndlaehi Pf. Chemn.
H. pusilla Pf., olim. nee Lowe.
H. egena Gld., nee Say.
H. Hammonis Strom. =HelixFab-
ricii.?
116. H. Hazardi Bland.
Polygyra plicata. Say.
H. fatigiata Binn. in Bost., J.,
(excl. syn. ett. six. f. 3), ditto
in Terr, Moll. (excl. syn, et f.
3.)
n. Texasiana Pf., (excl. dese. et
fig.) Chemn., (excl. dese. syn.
etfig.)
H. Dorfeuilliana Desh. in Fer.,
(excl. desc. syn. et fig.) nee
Z-ea.
//. Troostiana W. G. Binn., olim.

nee Lea.
Helicina plicata DeK.
H. ( Carocolla) helicoides Lea := H.
obstricta, Say.

117. H. Hinds i Pf, Chemn., Eve.,

Gld.

118. H. h ippocr epi s Pf, Rve.,

Chemn.

Helicodonta hirsuta Fer., (excl.

var. a).
Tridopsis hirsttta Woodw.
Stenostoma convexa Raf.
? junior H. porcina Say, DeK.,
Pf., Bland.
120. H.

119. H. hirs ut a iSfif?/, Binn., {excl.,
H. stenotrema), DeK., Gld.,
Desh. in Lam. ct En. M., Mrs.
Gray, Chemn., {excl. var.), Pf.,
{excl. |8), Rve., Desh. in Fer.

H. fraterna. Wood.

H. sinuata y Gmelin.

H. isognomostomus y Gmelin ex
parte.

h i s p i d a Linn.

121. H.Hope tonen sis Shut., Rve.,
Chemn., Pf, Gld.

H. tridentata Binn. {ex parte),
Fer., {ex parte), nee Say.

122. H. hortensis Mull., Binn.,
Gld.

H. nemoralis Stim., (abs. des.)
H.suhglohosa Binn., (olim,) DeK.

123. H. hydrophila Ingalls ined.
H. lucida Drap. teste Binn.,

Gld., et Pf., in litteris.

124. H. incrnstata Poey, Pf.
tl. faxicola Binn., Gld. in Terr.

Moll., nee Pf.

125. H. indentata Say, Binn.,
DeK., Gld., Ad., Chemn., Ff.,
Rve.

var. umbilicata.

H. infecta Pf. =H. altemata.

126. H. i n f 1 e c t a Say, Binn., DeK.,
Mrs. Gray.

Xolotrema clausa Raf.

Helicodonta clausa Fer.

Helix clausa, Desh. in Lam.,

Chemn., Pf., Desh. in Fer., Rve.,

nee Say.
Lister, 93, f. 93 ?
junior ? H. porcina Say, &c.

127. H. inornata <S'ay, Binn., Ad. ,
DeK., Pf in Symb. 1, (excl H.

fuligitiosa) et Mon.
H. glaphyra Pf. Rve., nee Say.

H. inornata Rve. =:H. laevigata.

128. H. interna Say, Binn., DeK.,
Chemn., Pf., Rve.

H. pomum-Adami Green,
var. albina.

129. H. intert exta Binn., DeK.,
Chemn., Phil., Pf., Rve.

var. carinata.

H. isognomostomus, Gmel, vid. H.
hirsuta.
1.30. H. jejuna Say, DeK., Pf.,
Bland.
ff. Mohiliana Lea, Pf., Binn.

" junior ? teste, Pf.

in litteris.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

•203

H. {Helicodonta) Knoxvilliana
Fer.,=H. elevata.

131. H. kopnodes W. G. Bimi.

132. H. labyrintliica Say., Binn.,

Gld., Ad., Pf., DeK., Chevin.,
Desk, in Fer., Rve.
Helicodonta lahyrinthica Fer.

133. H. 1 £e V i g a t a Pf., (excl. H.

inornata,) Chemn., Rve.
Helicella lavigata Fer. ? absq.

desc.
H. inornata Rve., (excl. syn).
H. lucuhrata Binu., in Ter. Moll.,

(excl. syn.) nee Sav.
H. fuligiiiosa Binn. in B. J., pars.

(excl. desc. syn. et fig.)
var. major. Pf., (an H. Icevi-

gata, Rve.?)

134. H. 1 a s m o d o n Phill., DeK.,

Pf., Binn.
?H. macilenta Shutt., Gld., Pf.
H. Lavelleana Orb. vid. H. mi-

nuscula.

135. H. leporina Gld., Rve., Bid.
H. pustula, var. (i Pf.

136. H. ligera Say., Binn., DeK.,

(excl. fig.) Chemn., Pf, Desk.

in Fer., Rve.
Helicostyla Rafinesquea Fer.?
H. Rafinesquea Pf., olim.
Lister, p. 81, f. 82.
. H. Wardiana Lea, Trosc, DeK.

137. H. 1 i matu la Ward' in Binn.,

Pf-

138. H. line at a Say, Binn., Ad.,

Gld., Pf, DeK, Chemn., Desh.

in Fer., Rve.
Helicella lineata Fer.
Planorhis parallelus Say.?
H. lucida Binn., &c., vid. H. by-

drophila.
H. lucuhrata Binn. =H. laevigata.
H. lucuhrata Pf. in littei'is =H.

friabilis.
H. macilenta Shutt. =H. las-

modon.

139. H. major Binn., DeK., Mrs.

Gray.

H. albolahris Pf., (y maxima'),
Chemn. (C), Desh. in Fer.,
{pars t. 43, f. 4, et 46 A., f. 7,)
Rve. 656?, Bid., nee Say.

Helicogena alholahris y Fer.

H. Mauriniana Orb. vid. H. mi-
nuscula.

1858.]

140.H. micr od onta Z>esA. w Fer.,
Chemn., Pf, Rve.
H. plana Duuker.

141. H. minuscula Binn., (excl.

syn.), ff., (excl. yninutissima?)
Ad., Chemn., Rve., Shutt.

H. minutalis More., nee Fer.

H. apex Rve.

H. Lavelleana Orb. in textu.

U. Mauriniana Orb. in tab.

H. minuta Say =H. pulchella.

H. minutalis Mor. =H. minuscula.

142. H. minutissima Lea., Tros.,

Pf-
H. Mitchella Kirt. =H. Mitch-
elliana ?

143. H. Mitchelliana Lea, Tros.,

DeK, Chemn.? Pf, Bid., nee

Desh. in Fer.
H. clausa Binn., p;irs nee Say.
H. Mitchella Kirt.? absq. desc.
H. Mitchelliana Desh. =H. Penn-

sylvanica.
H Mohiliana Lea =H. jejuna.

144. H. mo nod on Rack., Binn. in

Bost. J., Gld., DeK, Mrs.

Gray, Bill., Binn. in Terr.

Moll., (excl. B.fraterna).
H. convexa Chemn., (excl. syn.

et t. 66, f. 24-27), Pf., (excl. /i

et 7.), Desh. in Lam. etinFer.,

Rve.
Helicodonta hirsuta, a, Fer,, (excl.

syn).
var. 1. H. fraterna Say., Binn.

in B. J., Mrs. Gray.
H. monodon, ex parte DeK., Binn.

in Terr. Moll.
H. monodon Wood.
H. convexa Chemn. pars.
" var. Rve.

" var. 13 Pf.

var. 2. H. L e a i i Ward, ined.
H. monodon, var. y Pf.

" ex parte Binn.

145. H. M o 0 r e a n a W. G. Binn.

146. H. m o r d a X Shutt., Pf, Gld.,

conf. H. alternata var. carinata.

147. H. multidentata Binn., Ad. ,

Chemn., Pf, Rve.

148. H. multilineata Say., Binn . ,

DeK, Pf, Chemn., Desh. in
Fer., Rve.
Helicogena multilineata, Fer.
var. albina.
var. rufa, unicolor.

204

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

H. nemoralis St. ^H. hortensis.
H. nitida Fabr. rid. H. Steens-

trnpii.
H. nitidosa var. Pf. =H. elec-

Irina.
H. notata Desli, =H. palliata.

149. H. obstricta Say, Pf., Rve.
H. palliata var. a. Say.

" var. a. b. DeK.

H' palliata var. Biim.
H, appressa var. Desh. in Fer.,

(in tab. non in tes).
Helicodonta denotata var. Fer.
Carocolla helicoides Lea.

150. H. Ottonis Pf., olim, Binn.

H. arborea Pf. (Mon., pars), Rve.,
(pars,) nee Say.

151. H. palliata Say, Binn., (excl.

H obstricta, et Car. helicoides')

Ad., DeK., (excl. var. a. b.)

Chemn., Pf., 2frs. Gray, Desh.

in ter., Rve.
Helicodonta denotata Fer..

var).
H. denotata Desb. in Lam.
H. notata Desb. (olim).

var. Carolinensis.
H. Carolinensis Lea.
H. palliata var. c, DeK.
" pars. Fer.,

Cbemn., Pf., Desb.

Rve.
H. patula Desh. ^H.

tiva.
H. patula ? Pf. =H. striatella.

152. H. Pennsylvanica Green,

Binn., DeK., Pf, (excl. H.

clausa,) Chemn., (excl. H.

clausa.) Mrs. Gray, Rve. (676,

excl. syn.) Bid.
H. Mitchelliana Desb. in Fer.,

nee Lea.
H. Pennsylvanica Pf., &o., neo

Green ^H. clausa.

153. H. perspectiva Say, Binn.,

DeK, Pot. et Mich., Desh.

in Lam. et in Fer., Chemn.,

Pf, (excl. H.filiola olim) Rve.
Helicella perspectiva Fer.
H, patula Desb., olim.
H. pisana Mart. & Cbem. =H.

varians.
H. placetitula Sbult. =H. cap-

sella.
H. plana Dunk. =H. microdon-

ta.

(excl.

Binn.
in Fer.

perspec-

H, planorboides Pf., &c. =H.

concava.
H. planorbula Lam. =H. cereo-

lus.
H. plicata Shutt. =H. Trostiana.
H. {Polygyra) plicata Say =H.

Hazardi.
H. polychroa Binn. =H. varians.
H. pomum-Adami Green ^H. in-
terna.
H. porcina Say, vid. H. birsuta

et H. inflecta.
154. H. p r o f u u d a Say, Binn., DeK.,

Chemn., Pf, Ckenu, Desh. in

Fer., Rve., Mrs. Gray.
Helicella Richardi Fer.
H. Richardi Lam., Desh.. in Lam.

et En. Metb., Deless., Cbenu.
Polygyra profundum Ad. Gen., abs.

desc ?
var. TiTiicolor.
var. albina.
155 .H. pulcbella Mull., Binn .,

Ad., Gld, Say in MSS.
H. minuta Say, DeK., Stimp.

var. c o s t a t a, iZ". costata. Mull.
H. pura vid. H. electrina.
H. pusilla Pf. =H. Gundlacbi.

156. H. p u s t u 1 a {Helicodonta') Fer.
H. pustula Pf., (excl., var. /i)

Chemn., Desh. in Fer., Rve.,

Bid., non Binn.
H. fatigiata Binn., olim (ex p^rte

excl. desc. syn, et fig.)
H. leporina W. G. Binn., olim ex

parte.
H. pustula Binn. =H. pustu-

loides.

157. H. pustuloides Bid.
H. pustula Binn., non Fer.

H. (Helicostyla) Rafinesquea'Fer.,

vid. H. ligera et H. gularis.
H. radiata Gmel. ^H. alternata.
H. rhodocheila Binn. =H. vari-
, ans.

H. Richardi Fer. &c. =H. pro-
funda.

158. H. Roemeri Pf olim, Rve.

H. dentifera Pf. pars, Cbemn.

pars, nee Binn.
H. rotula Gld. =H. capsella.
H. ruderata Ad. ^H. striatella.
H. rufa DeK. =H. albolabris ju-

n ior.

159. H. R u g e 1 i Shutt., Pf., Gld.

[N.

ov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

205

160. H. Sayii Binn., Ad., Chemn.,
Mrs. Gray, Pf., Desh. in Fer.,
Rve.
H. diodonta Say, DeK.

B. Sayii Wood. =H. avara.

ff. saxicola ^Binn., Gld. ^H. in-

crustata.
H. scabra Lam. &c. ==H. altemata.
161.H. sculptilis Bid.

H. selenina Gld. =H. vortex.
H. sinuata y Gmel. =H. hirsuta.

162. H. solitaria Say, Binn., DeK.,

Pf., Chemn., Rve,
var. minor.

163. H. spinosa (Carocolla,) Lea.
H. spinosa Binn., (excl. H. Edga-

riana) DeK., Chemn., Pf., Rve.

H. splendidula Anton ^H. griseola.

164. H. Steenstrupii (Helicella)

March.
Helicella n. s. Steens., teste

Mo roll.
H. alliaria Forbes Br. Ass., teste

Morch.
H. nitida Fab., teste Morch conf.

H. Fabricii.

165. H. stenotrema Fer., (ined.,)

in Pf. Sym., (excl. H. pustu-

la ?) Rve.
H. hirsuta var. /?., Pf. Mon.
H. hirsuta var. stenotrema,

Chemn.
H. hirsuta var. /?., Pf.

166. H. striatella Anth., Binn.,

Gld., Ad. olim, DeK., (excl.

syn.) Chemn., Pf., (excl. H. per-

spectiva, oliin) Rve.
H. patula junior ? Pf. olim.
H. ruderata Ad., nee Studer.
H. strongylodes Pf. =H. altemata.
n. suhglohosa Binn., &c. ==H.

hortensis.
H. suhmeris Mighels = H. varians,

167. H. subplana Binn., Pf.

168. H. suppressa Say, Binn., DeK.,

Rve.
H. gularis var. (i Pf.,

" var. Chemn.

H. Tamaulipasensts Lea, =H.

Texasiana.
H. renneMeensis Lea, =H. elevata.

169. H. tenuistriata Binn., Pf.
H. vortex Gld., (excl. desc. syn.

et. fig.)necPf.

170. H. Texasiana Mor.,Pf.,{exd.
1858.]

syn. et var. /?), Chemn., {excl.

var. et Jig.) Desh. in Lam. Zd

erf., Skutt., Rve., Desh. in Fer.?

Binn.
H. auriculata Binn., oliin, ex

parte, nee. Say.
H.fatigiata Fer., Bull. Zool., nee

Say.
var. /? Pf.
var. (an sp. dist.?) H. triodonta,

lahn.? (H. Texasiana Fer., 69 D.

f. 2, teste Pf.)
171. H. tholus W. G. Binn.
172.H. thy roides Say.

H. thyroidusSny, Binn., Ad., Gld.,

DeK., Mrs. Gray, Desh. in

Lam. 3d ed.
Ilelicodonta thyroidus Fer., (excl.

var. /?).
H. thyroides Chemn., Pf., Rve.
Anchiostoma thyroides Ad. Gen,

Lister, f. 91, Petiver No. 4.

173. H. trideutata Say, Binn.,

(erd. syn.) Ad., Gld., DeK.,
Pot. et Mich., TFoorf, Chemn.,
Pf., Desh. in Lam. et in Fer.,
Mrs. Gray, Rve.

Helicodonta tridentata Fer.

Triodopsis lunula Raf.
Lister, fig. 92.
Petiver No. 6.

174. H. Troostiana (Poly gyra) Lea,

Tros.
H. Troostiana Pf., Desh. in Fer.?

Chemn., Rve., Bland.
H.fatigiata Binn., (in tab.Bost.J.

in textu ex parte excl. syn.)

in Terr., Moll., (exparte excl.

syn. et fig.) nee Say.
H.fatigiata var. plicata,Binn., in

tab. Terr. Moll.
H. plicata Shutt., nee. Say.
175. H. uvulifera 5Am«., Chemn..

Pf, Gld.
H.florulifera Rve.
H. auriculata minor Fer.?
176. H. varians Menke, Chemn..

Pf, Rve.
H. carnicolor Pf. olim, Desh. in

Fer., Rve.
H. pisana Mart, et Chemn., Fer.?

nee Mull.
H. submeris Migh. Pf.
H. rhodocheila Binn., olim.
H. polychroa Binn.
Helicella carnicolor Fer.
Ilemitrochus hcBtnastomut Sowb.

15*

206

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

rar. /? H. a^icina, Menke, {Chemn.)

177. H. ventrosTila Pf., Chemn.,

Rve.
var. depressa.

178. H. volvoxis Pf., Chemn., Rve.
Polygyra septemvolva Beck? (Pf.)

179.11. vortex Pf., Chemn., Rve.,
Gld.
H. selenina Gld. olim, Rve.
180.H. vnltuosa Gld., Reeve,
Chemn,, Pf.
H. Wardiana Lea r=H. ligera.
H. zaleta Binn., &c. =H. exoleta.

Species exclusce.
H. arbustorum Liim.
H. Bonplandi Lam., Florida ?
H. harpa Say =Bulimus.
H. dealbata Say, DeK. =Bul. deal-

batns.
S. depicta Grat.
H. domestica Strom. =Vitrina

angelicse.
H. hieroglyphica (Euryompliala.)

Beck ?
H. irrorata Say =H. lactea.
H. lactea MuUer, Say.
Helix irrorata Say olim, DeK., Pf.

oUm.
H. nemoralis Lin. ? (teste Gray.)
H. pellucida Fabr. =Vitriiia an-
gelicas.
H. Pisana Mull. ? teste Gray.
H. subcylindrica Pult., Mont. =

Truncatella.
H. Trumbulli Lins. =Skema

serploides, Mont., teste Gld.
H. virgata Mont. ? (teste Gray.)

Bplimus.
181. B. acicula {Buccinum,') MuUer,

182.B. alternatns ^a^., ^.

B. lactarius Pf. Rve., Gld., W-

G. Binn.
B. dealtatus Binn. pars, nee Say.

183. B. Binneyanus Pf. in litt.
B. dealbatus Binn. pars, nee Say.
B. Schiedeanus Gld.., W. G. Binn,,

nee Pf.
B. conjinis Rve., &c. =B. deal-
batus.

184. B. dealbatus {Helix) Say.

DeK.
B. dealbatus Pot. et Mich.,
Phil., Rve., Pf., Chemn., Binn.,
(excl. varr.)

185

186
187,
188,

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

B. conjinis Rve., Pf.
B. liquabilis Rve.
. B. decollatus (Helix) Linn.,

Binn ., ^-c.
B. mutilatus Say, DeK., Pf., Rve.
. B. D o r m a n i W. G. Binn.
B. Floridianus Pf.
B. gracillimus Pf. , Rve.
Achatina gracillima Pf. olim, Binn.
B. striaticostatus Orb.
, B. harpa (Helix) Say.
B. harpa Pf., Chemn., Rve. Binn.
Pupa costulata Migh.
B. hortensis Ad. =B. subula ?
B. lactarius Pf. &c. =B. altema-

tus.
B. liquabis Rve. =B. dealbatus.
, B, marginatus (Cyclostoma)

Say.
B. marginatus Pf.
B.fallax Gld. in Binn., Stimp. ab.

desc.
Pupa fallax Say, Gld., DeK.,

Chemn., Pf., (olim).
Pupa alhilabris Ad.

" Parraiana Orb.
B. multilineatus Say, DeK.,

Pf.
B. virgulatus Binn. {excl. syn.)

nee Fer.
B. 3/enZrej Gruner, Pf?
B. venosus Rve. ?

B. mutilatus Say =B. decollatus.
B. octonaC%. {in hortis.)
B. octonoides Orb. =B. subula.
B. princeps Brod. &c., =B. zebra,
B. procerus Ad. =B. subula.
,B. Schiedeanus Pf., Phil.,

Chemn.
var. 0 fauce nigra.
var. y apice nigra.
B. serperastrus Say, Rve.,

Phil., Chemn., Pf, Binn.
var. ff ? vid. Cat. Mex.
var. y ? vid. Cat. Mex.
B. straticostatus Orb. =B. gracil-
limus.
, B. subula Pf., Rve., Binn.
B. procerus Ad., teste Pf.
B. octonoides Orb.
B. hortensis Ad. ?
Achatina subula Pf., olim.
B. vndatus Brug. &c. =B. zebra.

il96.B. zebra {Buccinum) Mull.

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

207

197

198

Zebra Mulleri Mart, et Chemn.
Bulla zebra Gmelin, Dill.
Bulimus xmdatus Brug., Lam.,

Chemn., Val.
Cochlostyla undata Fer.
B. zebra Ant., Orb., Pf., Rve.,

Desh., Chemn., Binn.
Achatina flammigera S. y, nee Fer.

" zebra Pf., {oUrn.)
Agatina fuscata Raf.
Orthaliscus undatus Shutt. i

var. y. Bulimus princeps Biod.,]

Sowb. I

Cochlostyla princeps Orb.
Orthaliscus princeps Shutt.

Species exclusce.
B. exiguus Binn. =Carychium.
B. fasciatus Binn. = Achatina.
B. Gossei Pf., vid. Macroceramus

pontificus.
B. Kieneri Pf., vid. Macroceramus

pontificus.
Bidinms lubrims Ad., &c.,= Acha-
tina.
B. obscuriis Dr. vid. Pupa placida

Say.
B. striatus Brug. =GlaDdina trun-

cata.
B. vexillum Brug. = Achatina fas-

ciata.
B. zebra Orb. =Achatina fasciata.

Macroceramus.
. M. pontificus {Cylindrella')

Gld.
Cylindrella pontifica Gld. in Binn.
=:Bulimus Kieneri Pf., (teste Pf.)
=Bulimus Gossei Pf. (teste Poey.)
Pupa unicarinata Binn.

ACHATINA.

Achatina Anavs Less. =Ach. fas-
ciata.
. A. fasciata (Buccinum) Miill.
Bulla fasciata Mart, et Chemn.,

Gmel., Dill.
Bulimus vexUlum Brug., nee DeK.
Cochlitoma vexillum Fer.
Achatina vexillum Lam., Chemn.
Achatina fasciata Swain., Reeve,

Orb., Pf., Desh. in Fer.
Achatina lineata Valen.
Lister t. 12, f. 7. Knorr. t. 25, f. 4.
Bulimus fasciatus Binn.
Ayalina variegaia Raf.
junior Achaiiiia murrhea Rve.

Var. p. Achatina pallida- Swain.

Cochlitoma vexillum var. Fer.

var. y. Achatina crcnata Swain.

" anaes Less.,Wiegm. Ach.
" fasciata var. Rve.
Cochlitoma vexiUuTn var. Fer.
Bulimus zebra Orb.
var. ^. Achatina solida Say, DeK.,

Pf., olim.-
Achatina lineata Val. ^Ach. fas-
ciata.

199. A 1 u b r i c a {Helix) 3Wl.
Achatina lubrica Pf.

Bulimus lubricus Ad., GUI., DeK.,

Binn.
Bulimus lubricoides St'iva'ps. abs de=,
A. murrhea Reeve =Ach. fasci-
ata.
A. pallida Sw. = Ach. fasciata.

200. A. p i c t a Rve., Trosch. Pf.
Bulimus fasciatus var. Binn.

A. solida Say :^Ach. fasciata.

A. vexilhnn Lam. =Ach. fasciata.
Bxclusee.

A. bullata Pf. =Glandina.

A.' flammigera Say =Bulimus ze-
bra.

A. gracillima Pf. =Bulimus gra-
ciilmus.

A. pethtcida Pf. olim, Binn. =Blan-
neiia.

A. rosea Desh. =Glandina trun-
cata.

A. striata DeK., &c. =01. trun-
cata ?

A. subula Pf. =Bulimus.

A. Tcxasiana Pf. =Glandina.

A. truncata Pf., &c. =Glandina.

A. vexillum DeK., v. A. virginea.

.4. Vanuxcmensis Pf., &c. =:Glan-
dina.

A. Virginea Linn. (^4. vexillum DeK..

nee Brug.) an in Florida?

GLANDINA.

201. G. bullata Gld.
Achatina bullata Pf.
Oleadna bullata Gr. et Pf.

202. G. c o r n e o 1 a W. G. Binn.
Glandina truncata var? Binn.

203. G. p a r a 1 1 e 1 a W. G. Binn.
Glandina truncata var. Binn.

204. G. Texasiana {Achatina) Pf,

W. G. Binn.

205. G. t r u n c a t a {Bulla) Gml. Dili.
Buccinum striatum Mart, et Chemn.
Bulimus striatus Brag.
Cochlicopa rosea Fer.

1858.]

208

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Achatina rosea Desh. in Ea. Meth.
" striata Desh. in Lam., Ch.
" irucunia Orb., Chemn., Pf.,
Reeve;
Glandina truncata Say,DeK.,Chem.

Mrs. Gray, Binn. (excl. var.)
Oleacina truncata Gr. et Pf.
rolyphemrts glans Say, olim.
Flanorbis glans DeK.

206. G. Vanuxemensis Lea, Binn.,

Pf. olim.
Achatina Vanuxemensis Pf. Reeve.
Oleacina Vanuxemensis Gr. et Pf.

PUPA.

Pupa armigera Pot. et Mich.=P. ar-
mifera.

207. P. armifera( Carychiiim 9) Say.
Pupa armifera Gld., Ad., Pf., DeK.,

Chemn., Binn,
" armigera Pot. et Mich.
" rupicola Pf. (Symb.)

208. P. b a d i a Ad. Gld., DeK. Chemn.,

Binn.
Pupa muscorum Linn, (teste Forb.
et Hani )
" mascornm, /?. Pf.
Pupa carinata Gld. =P. rupicola.

209. P. contracta( Carychiuni) Say.
Pupa contracta Gld., Pf., DeK.,

Chemn., Binn.
Pupa deltostoma Charp. in Chemn.

" corticaria Pf., (Symb.)
Vertigo contracta Ad. Gen. abs. desc.

210. P. COT tic a.Ti Si Say, Gld., DeK.,

Chemn., Binn., (^Vertigo?)
Odostomia corticaria Say, olim.
Carychium corticaria Fer. (abs.

desc.
Pupa corticaria Pf. (Symb.) =P.

contracta.
Pupa curvidens Gld.=P. pentodon.

211. P, dec era Gld., Pf.

Vertigo decora Ad. Gen. abs. desc.)

Pupa deltostoma Charp. =P. con-
tracta.

Pupa detrita Shnll., &c. ^P. in-
cana.

Pupa gibbosa Chemn.=P. rupicola.

212. P. Hoppii Miill., Pros., Chemn.,

Pupa Steenbuchii Beck, teste Morch.

213. P. i n can a 5rn7?., Pf.
Pupa detrita Shutt., Pf., (olim.)

'* maritima y Pf. (olim.)

" maritima y G\d.. in Terr. Moll.

] var. fasciata.

I Pupa maritima Gld. =P. incana.

P. maritivia y., Pf. = P. incana.

P. minuta Pf. = P. rupicola.

1214. P. mo die a Gld., Pf

P. muscorum /?. Pf. =P, badia.

215. P.pentodon( Vertigo) Say.
Pupa pentodon Gld., DeK., Chemn.,

j Pf., Binn.

Pupa Tappaniana Ad., Pf., (olim.)
P. curvidens Gld., (olim.)

216. P. pla c i d a Say.

=Bulimus marginatus Say, teste
DeK., Gld., {olim.')

=:BuUmus obscur?is Miill., teste Gld.
DeK., Pf.

Pupa proceru Gld., &c. =P. rupi-
cola.

217. P. rupicola {Carychium) Say.
Pupa rupicola Gld., DeK., Pf., Binn.

nee Pf. Symb.

Pvpa procera Gld., Chemn., Pf.,
\olim.)

Pupa carinata Gld., {olim.) Pf.

Vertigo rupicola Binn.
" minuta Ad., Gen?

Pupa gibbosa Chemn.?
" minuta Pf.

P. rupicola Pf., (Symb.) =P. armi-
fera.

P. Steenbuchii Beck., v. P. Hoppii.

P. Tappaniana Ad., &c.,^ P. pen-
todon.

218. P. variolosa Gld., Pf.

Species exclusce.

P. albilabris Ad. =Bul, margina-
tus.

P. cosiulata Mighels =Bul. harpa.

P. exigua Say, &c. =Carychium.

P.fallax Say, &c.=Bul. margina-
tus,

P. Gouldii Binn., &c. =Vertigo.

P. milium Gld., &c. =Vertigo.

P. modesta Say, &c. ^Vertigo
ovata.

P. ovata Gld., &c. = Vertigo.

P. ovulum Pf. =Vertigo ovata.

P. Parraiana Orb. =Bul. margin-
atus.

P. sim,plex Gld., &c. =Vertigo.

P. umcarinata Binn. =Macrocer-
amus pontificus.
Vertigo.

219. V. G o n 1 d i i Binn., Stimp. (abs-

desc.)

[Not.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

209

Pupa Gouldii Binn., {oVim), Gld.,

Chemn., Pf.
auO. V. milium Gld., S(i7n]}. (abs.

desc), Binn.
Pupa milium Gld., (olim), Ad.,

DeK., Chemn., Pf.
11\. V. ovata>S'ay, Stimp. (^abs. desc.)

Binn.
Pupa ovata Gld., Ad., DeK.. Pf.,

Chemn.
Pupa modesia Say, Gld.

" ovulum Pf., (olim).
222. V. simplex Gld., Stimp. (^ahs.

desc.) Binn.
P. simplex Gld., (^olim), DeK., Pf.

Species excluscB.
V. contracta Ad. Gen. =Pupa.
V. decora Ad. Gen. ^Pupa.
V. minuta Ad. Gen., y. Pupa rupi-

cola.
V. pentodon Say ^Fupa.
V. rupicola Binn. =Pupa.

-B Ileliceis exclusce.
Aplodon Raf.
Aplodon nodosum Raf.
Chimotrema Raf.
Chimotrema planiuscula Raf.
Hemiloma Raf.
Hemiloma avara Raf.
Mesodon Raf.
Mesodon maculatum Raf.
Mesomphix Raf.
Odomphium Raf.
Odosiomia Say =Pupa.

" corticaria Say =Pupa.
Odotropis Raf.
Omphalina Raf.

<' cuprea Raf. v. Helix

fulignosa.
Partula Otaheitana Per.
Stenostoma Raf.
Stenotrema Raf.

" convexa Raf.
Toxostoma Raf.
Toxostoma globularis Raf.
Toxotrema Raf.
Toxotrema globularis Raf.
Toxotrema complanata Raf.
Triodopsis Raf.
Trophodon Raf.
Xolotrema Raf.

" lunula Raf
" triodopsis Raf.

Cylindrella.
22:J. C. G 0 1 d f u s s i Menke, Phil.,
Pf

1858.]

224. C.j ejuna Gld., Pf

C. lactaria Binney =C. Poevana
Orb.

225. C. Poeyana Orb., Pf.

C. lactaria Binn., (excl. desc. et
syn.) nee Gld.

226. C. R oe m c r i Pf, Roamer.
Var. (i.

Species exclusa.
C. pontifica Gld. =Macrocer-
amus.

Familia AUPJCULACEA.

Sub-familia Melampea.

Melampus.

227. M. b i d e n t a t u s Say, Rus.,Pf.,

(excl. 31. borealis).
M. biplieatus Pf.
M. corneus Stimp., (abs. desc.)
M. Jaumei Pf. •

Auricula biplicata Desh.
" cornea Desh.

" bidentala Gld., DeK.,
Chemu.
non Auricula bidens (Say), Pot. et

Mich.
Auricula Jaumei Mittre.
Var. lineatus Say.
Melampus bidentatus /?. Pf.
Auricula bidenlata var. a. DeK.
M. biplieatus Pf. =M. bidentatus.

228. M. cingulatus Pf, Shutt.
Auricula cingulata Pf. {olim),

Chemn.
" oliva Orb.

" stenostoma Kiist. teste Pf.

229. M. CO ffe a {Valuta) Linn., Schro.

Gmel., Bill.
Bulla coffea Linn.
Valuta minuta Gmel., Dill.
Auricula midce parva kc. Martini?
Ellobium Barbadevse Boelten ?
Bulimus coniformis Brug.
Melampus coniformis Montf., Lowe.
C. B. Ad., Shutt.
" fusca Miirch. (teste Pf.)
" 'coffea Morch. (teste Pf )
ilelampa miiiuta Pf, Schw.
Tornatelle conifonne Blain.
Auricula coniformis Fer., Lam.,
Pot. et Mich., Rve., Sowb.
Chemn.
Auricula ovula Orb.
Conovulus coniformis Lam., Anton.,

Woodw.
M. coffeus Beck., abs. desc.

210

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

M. coffee Gray.
M. obliquus Say ?
Va r. /? ?
Melamjjus coniformis Mont., &c.

=11. coffea.
M. corneus Stimp. =\I. bidentatus.

230. M. Floridianus (Auricula')

Shuii.
M. Floridianus Pf.
M.fusca Morch. =M. cofifea.
M. Jaumei Pf. =M. bidentatus.
M. niieiis Sbutt. ^M. pusillus.

231. M. obliquus Say, Pf.
Auricula obliqua DeK., Conf. M.

cofifea.
Melampies ovulum Lowe =Melampus
pusillus.

232. M. pusillus (Voluta) Gmel.,

Dill., Wood.
Valuta n. 108, Sch.
Favanne t. 68, f. H. 4.
Auricula midce parva &c.. Mart, et

Chemn.
Voluta triplicata Don., Mont., Dill.,

Wood.
Bulimus ovulus Brug.
Melampa ovulum Scbw.
Conovula ovula Fer., Pot. et Mich.
Auricula nitens Lam., Chemn.
" pusilla Desh., Petit.
" leucodonta Xuttall., MSS.
teste H. and A. Ad.
Conovulus nitens Voigt.

" pusillus Anton.
Melampus ovulum Lowe.

" nitens Sbutt.

Pythia ovulum Beck, (a6«. de^c.)

teste Pf.
P. triplicata Beck, (a6s. desc.) teste

Pf.
TraUa pusilla Ad. Gen.

" ovulum Morch. (abs. desc.)
test Pf.
Specie^ excluses.
Mdamptis borealis Conrad =Alexia

myosotis.
Melampus denticulatus Stimp. ==rAl-
exia myosotis.

Sub-familia Auriculea.
Auricula.
Species exclusa.
Auricula hidentata Gld., &c. =Mel-

ampus.
A. biplicata Desh. = Melampus bi-
dentatus.

A. cingulata Pf., &c. ^Melampus.

A. coniformis Fer. =Melampus cof-
fea.

A. cornea Desh. =Melampus bi-
dentatus.

A. denticulata Gld., DeK. = Alexia
myosotis.

A. Floridianus Sbutt. =Melampus.

A. Jaumei Mittre. = Melampus bi-
dentatus.

A. nitens Lam. = Melampus pu-
sillus.

A. obliqua DeK. =Melampus.

A. oliva Orb. ==:Melampus cingu-
latus.

A. pusilla Desh. == Melampus.

A. Sayii Kuster. ^=Leuconia.

A. stenostoma Kuster. = Melampus
cingulatus.

Alexia.
23.3. A. myosotis (^Auricula) Drap.
&c.

Alexia myosotis Pf.

Auricula denticulata Gld., DeK.,
nee Mont.

3Iciampus denticulatus Stimp., (abs.
desc.)

M. borealis Con.

Blaunkeia.

234. B. pellucida Pf.
Achatina? pellucida Pf., olim.
Achatina " Gld.
Tornatellina Cubensis Pf. olim.,

Chemn.
Odostomia ? Cubensis Poey.
Leuconia.

235. L ? S a y i i {Auricula.) Kiist.
Leuconia ? Sayii Pf.

An Alexia myosotis'^
Cartchium.

236. C. e X i g u u m (^Pupa 9) Say.
Carychium exiguum Pf., Chemn.,

Stimp., Gld. Frau., Bourg.

C. exile R. C. Lea, Tros.

C. existelium Bourg ?

C. eiiphceum Bourg?

Bulimus exiyuus Binn.

Pupa exigua Gld., Ad., DeK.

Pupa exigua (abs. desc.) Kirt.. &c.
Script. Am.

Carychium exile H. C. Lea ==^Car.
exiguum ?

C. existelium Bourg. =Car. exig-
uum ?

C. cuphocum Bourg. =Car. exig-
uum ?

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

211

Species exdufcB.
Carichium? armigera Say =Pnpa.
" corticaria Fer. =Pupa.

" contracta Say =:Pupa.

" rvpkola Say =Pupa.

Familia ACICULACEA.
Truncatella.

237. T. b i 1 a b i at a P/. KUst.

238. T. Caribasensis Sowb. mss.,

Rve., Pf., Kilst.
T. variabilis Pf., olim, abs. desc.
T. Gouldii C. B. Ads. "abs. desc,

Bronn.
T. Geurinii Parr. abs. desc, nee

Villa.
T. succinea C. B. Ads.
T. Caribmensis v. T. subcylindrica.
T. Gouldii Ads. =T. Caribaeensis.
T. Guerinii Parr. =T. Caribaeensis.
23d. T. p u 1 c h e 1 1 a iy., Shutt., KUsf.,

Ads. Gen.

240. T. subcylindrica Gray,

Shutt., Pf., Orb., (exc. pars syn.)

Helix subcylindrica Pult., Mont.

T. truncatida Lowe ?

T. Caribceensis Pf., olim, ex parte,
Kiist. ex parte.

T. succinea Ads. =T. Caribaeensis.

T. truncatula Lowe ? v. T. subcylin-
drica.

T. variabilis Pf. =T. Caribaeensis.

Familia CYCLOSTOMACEA.
Sub-familia Cistdlea.
Chondropoma.
C. cremdatum Pf. =C. dentatum.

241. C. dentatum( Cyclostoma) Say.
Cyclostoma dentatum DelC, Binn.

" lineolatum Anton, teste Pf.
" Auberianum Orb.?
" lunulatum Morch. teste Pf.
" cremdatum Pf., (olim),
Chemn. nee Fer.
Chondropoma crenulatumFf., {olim).
" dentatum Pf., Gr. et Pf.

Cyclostomacea exclusa.
Cyclostoma Auberianum Orb. v.

Mr. Samuel Ashmead, a Curator of the Academy, having tendered
his resignation of the office, in consequence of removal from the city,
the following preamble and resolutions were offered by Mr. Cassin and
adopted :

Whereas, Mr. Samuel Ashmead, an efficient and faithful officer of
1858.]

Chondropoma dentatum.
C. Cincinnatcnsis Lea=Amnicola.
C. cremtlatum Pf., Ch. =Chondro-

poma dentatum.
C. dentatum Say, &c. =Chondro-

poma.
C. lapidaria Say ^Amnicola.
C. lineolatum Anton. =Chondro-

poma dentatum.
C. lunulatum Morch. =Chondro-

poma dentatum.
C. margitialis Kirt. =Bul. mar-

ginatus.
C. marginata Say, &c. ^Bulimus.
C. tricarinata Say =ValTata.

Familia HELICINACEA.
Helicina.

H. ambeliana Sowb. =H. tropica.
H. castanea Gld. =H. orbiculata.

242. H. chrysoeheila Binn., Pf.

243. H. Hanleyana Pf, Ch., Gr. et

Pf-

244. H. occulta Say, DeK., Ch.,

Chenu., Binn., Pf, Gr. et Pf.

245. H. orbiculata Say, DeK.,

Chenu., Ch., Bltiv., Binn., (pars)

Gld., {excl. If. rubella), Pf, {excl.

H. rubella Green), Gr. et Pf, nan

Sowb.
Oligyra orbiculata Snj, olim.
jnnioT IIelici)iavestita Guild., Sovrh.,

Gr. et Pf.
junior Helicina castanea Guild.,

Sowb.?

246. H. subglobulosa Poey, Pf.

247. H. tropica Pf, Ch., Tros., {teste

Pf), Gr. et Pf
H. ambeliana Sowb., nee DeB.
//. orbiculata Binn., pars nee Say.
H. vestita Guild. =H. orbiculata.

Species exclusa.

H. fastigiata DeK. =Helix fatigi-

ata Say.
//. plicata DeK. ^Helix Hazardi

Bland.
Oligyra Say =Helicina.
0. orbiculata Say =Helicina.

212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

this Academy, has recently removed his residence from the city or
Philadelphia, and on that account has resigned his Curatorship,

Resolved, That this Academy has accepted with sentiments of deep
recrret the resignation of Mr. Ashmead, one of the Curators of the So-
ciety without intermission since 1841, a term of office rarely paralleled,
and that it does hereby declare its high sense of his very valuable as
well as long continued services.

E-esolved, That the thanks of this Academy be cordially tendered to
Mr. Ashmead, and that the Corresponding Secretary be hereby in
structed to furnish him with copies of these Resolutions.

The following was adopted :

Resolved, The the Committee on Proceedings be hereby authorized-
to furnish to Mrs. Lucy W. Say, widow of the late Mr. Thomas Say,
and herself a member of this Society, the Proceedings of this Academy
gratuitously after January 1st, 1859.

A resolution was also adopted giving to Mrs. Christiana Watson,
widow of the late Gavin Watson, M.D., authority to issue orders and
endorse tickets of admission to the Academy.

Dec. Itli.
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

Thirty-one members present.

The following extract from a letter of Mr. C. 0. Sanford, dated Pe-
tersburg, Va., Oct. 20th, 1858, was read.

I was much interested in the slab of sandstone (mentioned on page 177.)
showing the ripple ma,rks on its opposite sides, at right angles, or nearly so,, and
although I thought I could account for it, I was not willing to venture an
opinion until I could have access to my books.

I send an extract from Calver, on the improvement of tidal rivers, which sa-
tisfies me that the marks were not made by currents, but by waves caused by
winds.

1st. A wind produced the ridges upon the soft bed of sand.

2d. That a deposit of sand was made upon these ridges, which in like man-
ner was ridged by a wind blowing at a different angle from the first. One side
of the slab is probably the impression of the ridges first made.

Extract from a letter toritten by an officer in the British Kavy.

" In 1833, while lying in one of H. U. ships, in the port of Santander, on the
north coast of Spain, we observed, upon looking over the side at high water,
and when the water was unusually clear, that the bottom, composed of sand,
was covered by ridges running paratlel to the waves that had been on the sur-
face during a strong breeze of two or three days' duration, but which had bean
succeeded by a ca!m. Our anchorage was within the harbor, and the wind off
shore. The impression it made on my mind at the time was, that as the ridges
lay at right angles to the direction in which the wind had been blowing, they
were occasioned by a motion given to the water at that depth by the waves at
the surface.

Our anchorage at high water (the time alluded to,) was forty feet.

I do not think that the waves, from the crest to the lowest part of the hollow
could have been more than five feet, as the wind was an offshore one upon that
coast.

The ridges weie small, apparently not more than a foot in widch, and so,
not corresponding in magnitude with the waves on the surface, but only with
their direction."

[Nov.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 213

On leave granted, the Keport of the Biological Department for Novem-
ber was presented and ordered to be printed, with the Proceedings of
last meeting.

Dec. Utk.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Sixty-seven members present.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings:

lehthyological Notices, by Charles Girard, M. D,

Prodroraus Descriptionis Animalium e vertebra torum, quaj in Expe-
ditione ad Oceanum Pacificum septentrionalem, a Republica federata
missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus observavit
et descripsit W. Stimpson ; pars septima, Crustacea Anomoura.

And were referred to Committees.

Mr. Wm. Parker Foulke made a statement respecting the fossil bones, shells
and wood presented by him to the Academy this evening.

Passing the summer and autumn at Haddonfield, Camden County, New Jersey,
Mr. Foulke learned that one of his neighbors, Mr. John E. Hopkins, while
digging marl upon his farm, about twenty years ago, had found some bones.
These were described as vertebra, and as being of large size, and very numer-
ous. Mr. Hopkins being young at the time of the discovery, and not specially
interested in such subjects, had permitted visitors to carry away the fos-
sils ; so that none remained in his own possession, nor could he remember the
names of any of the persons by whom the vertebr?e had been taken. Accord-
ing to his recollection, no head had been found, nor any other bones than those
of the spine, except one, which was said by him to have resembled, in general
respects, a " shoulder blade." It appeared, then, not improbable that upon dig-
ging around the old pit, (which was sixteen feet long and eight feet wide,) a
head, or at least a portion of one containing teeth, might be obtained. Consid-
ering the geological age of the formation upon which Haddonfield stands, and
that specimens of Mosasaurus have been discovered in places not very remote
from the village, there appeared sufficient motive for exploration. Mr. Hopkins,
with an intelligent appreciation of the object proposed, gave to Mr. Foulke, with
prompt liberality, permission to dig in any part of the farm, and to take away
whatever fossils might be thus procured. There was some difficulty in ascer-
taining the place of the old excavation. It had been made in the bed of a
narrow ravine, in which a brook flows eastwardly into the south branch of
Cooper's Creek ; but the pit had long since been filled to the common level of
the bed, and it was in like manner overgrown with grass, shrubs, and young
trees, so as to be undistinguishable by the eye. After conference with one of
the diggers who had been employed at the time of the discovery, (whose indica-
tion proved to be inaccurate,) and after a careful survey of the vicinage by Mr.
Hopkins, a party of experienced marl diggers were set at work ; and after one
day's preliminary trial, the eastern side of the old pit was detected. In confor-
mity with Mr. Hopkins' recollection of the manner in which the vertebrae lay,
the party of diggers was shifted to the western side of the old pit. The super-
ficial deposit overlying the marl here, was only about four feet thick; the ravine
being between twenty and thirty feet deep. At nearly four feet furiher depth,
a thin stratum of decomposed shells was passed ; and at about two feet below
this, overlying and intermixed with another stratum of shells, the workmen
came upon a pile of bones — the same now before the Academy. The total depth
from the surface was between nine and ten feet.
1858.] 16

214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

The marl being tenacious, great care was requisite to extricate the fossils.
With a small trowel and a knife, the bones were carefully dissected from their
bed, and from one another. A sketch was made of their position, and some
measurements were taken of them, in anticipation of the contingency of their
fracture in the attempt to remove them. Several lines of transverse fracture
were observable before their position was changed. Each bone was separately
transferred to a board, and thus carried from the pit, and then wrapped in a
piece of coarse cloth. Thus enveloped it was Wid upon a thick bed of straw
in the bottom of a cart ; and the whole were safely transported in this way,
about three quarters of a mile, to Mr. Foulke's residence. A small tooth and
some fragments of a jaw were found with the other specimens.

Mr. Isaac Lea and Dr. Leidy were informed of the discovery, and they
promptly visited the excavation. Their opinion of the scientific value of the
fossils justified further exploration; and the diggers were kept at work, from
time to time as the weather permitted, during the month of October.

Another tooth having been accidentally turned up by Mr. Fouike near the sur-
face of the marl which had been thrown out, the entire mass was broken up
and carefully raked over; and by this process, in two or three days, the number
of teeth increased to nine, and some useful fragments of jaw were also added
to the collection.

Various specimens of shells were obtained ; but their extreme friability ren-
dered their preservation difficult. Several pieces of wood were found. The ex-
cavation was carried quite around the old pit, and extended so as to form a con-
siderable area for search ; but nothing further appeared, except a few vertebrae,
and small fragments of other bones, and of wood, near the margin of the old
pit. It seemed then useless to proceed, and the diggers were dismissed.

One of the workmen, having become interested in the search, kept his atten-
tion upon the subject; and about a week afterward found, in the green marl
near the White Horse tavern (about six miles southward from Haddonfield), some
vertebrae, parts of long bones, and several teeth of a crocodile, believed to beef
a species not heretofore found in New Jersey ; which are now in Dr. Leidy's hands
for final examination. The workman stated that, at the bottom of all the dig-
gings, casts of cucullea are found in great quantity. They are known at the pits
by the name of " squirrel heads," from a fancied resemblance. Two specimens
accompany the crocodile bones just mentioned.

Subsequently, Drs. Leidy and LeConte and Mr. Fouike made a short tour
among green marl pits, worked for sale of marl, southward of Haddonfield. On
the road to the White Horse, they visited the large opening of Mr. Alexander
Cooper, who stated that he knew of no bones being found there — certainly none
during thirty years. Near the White Horse, it was said that bones had been
thrown from all the diggings. At the extensive pit of Mr. Randall Morgan, on
a south branch of Timber Creek, a short distance southward from Blackwood-
town, a curious specimen of conglomerate of terebratulae and other shells was
obtained. Bones had been recently found ; but they had been thrown away,
and were lost. From Mr. Charles Stevenson, in the same neighborhood, it was
learned that in his pit, and that of Mr. Marshall, below Mr. Morgan's, bones had
been repeatedly found, but no care was taken of them. In fact, within the last
year Mr. Stevenson had thrown some portions into the yard between his house
and barn. After a little raking, a few crocodile bones were discovered amongst
leaves and dirt. Mr. King, a blacksmith at Blackwoodtown, was said to have
collected a few bones as curiosities. Upon application being made to him, he
stated that he had given, or loaned, or lost, nearly all of his stock ; but he pro-
duced from the corner of his workshop, three specimens which Dr. Leidy imme-
diately recognised as fragments of jaw of Mosasaurus, each containing a large
portion of a tooth ; the three exhibiting very clearly the mode of dentition of
the animal.

These details were presented to the notice of the members, because they sugges-
ted the probability that valuable illustrations of palaeontology and geology are
annually lost through the ignorance of marl diggers or the inattention of own-

[Dec.

MAP or
HADDONFIELD,

//£>V JERSEY.

A E-rcatnatm ui u/utrA tones "/'

H40/tOS^llf>US FOUIK)/ were ibund October ISSS
B l,ai-yr speetmen nT Kj-oi/rra fmiTul

NATURAL SCIENCES OF THILABELPHIA. 215

ers of pits. In view of the great promise of a region so near to Philadelphia,
it is important ibat measures shall be taken to awaken in the minds of pro-
prietors and workmen an interest in the preservation of specimens for the cab-
inet of the Academy.

It may be observed, upon inspection of the geological map of New Jersey, that
a line drawn from the recent opening on Mr. Hopkins' farm, southwesterly in the
direction of the exposure of the green s'^nd formation, passes several miles west-
ward of the ffreen marl pits which were visited as just narrated. The marl at Mr.
Hopkins' is, when in the pit, dark blue approaching black, micaceous, stiff, and
tenacious. Upon free exposure to the air, it becomes, after a week or two, light
bluish gray in color, and then it crumbles easily. From its not being consider-
ed as good a fertilizer as the green marl, it has been rarely dug, of late, in that
part of the country ; and hence there is not an opportunity for collecting fossils,
such as is furnished by the pits in the green marl. The latter deposit is more sea-
ward ; and hence a diminished probability of finding in it the remains of ani-
mals which lived upon land, or in the freshwater tributaries of the old ocean.

Of the twoexogyra presented on behalf of Mr. Robert HarePowel, the smaller
was dug, a number of years since, from Mr. Hopkins' farm. The laroer,
showing a curious peculiarity of growth, was taken more recently from a small
excavation in Mr. Powel's ground, between Mr. Hopkins' and the main sitreet.
The diagram upon the table would make clear to the members the principal lo-
calities which bad been mentioned.

The hard stone containing casts of shells, apparently belonging to the tertiary
period, was found at about five miles south-eastward of AUowaystown ; and was
presented in behalf of Mr. Isaac H. Wood, of Haddonfield.

The sandstones on the table were not new nor rare; but they affonl very
good examples of the mode in which sand and gravel are converted into hard
stone by a ferruginous cement. The specimens show iiiteresting gradations of
fineness, compactness and hardness. Tbey came from the superficial deposit near
Mr. A. Cooper's marl pit, where they lay loosely embedded. Similar stones are
used in the neighborhood for coarse building purposes.

The bones found by Mr. Foulke, had been submitted by him to Dr. Leidy, for
description ; the shells, to Mr. Lea; and the wood to Dr. Hammond. As these
gentlemen were prepared to report the results of their inspection, Mr. Foulke
restricted himself to the simple introductory narrative of facts just given; reser-
ving to a futtire occasion some observations which had occurred to him respect-
ing the succession of cretaceous deposits in New Jersey, and the relations of
and and sea during the cretaceous period.

Dr. Leidy stated that the bones, mentioned in the remarks of Mr. Foulke, ob-
tained from the marl of Mr. Hopkins' farm, near Haddonfield, New Jersey, and
now exposed to the view of the Society, were those of a huge herbivorous saurian.
The animal was closely allied to the great extinct Igvanodon of the Wiialden
and Lower Greensand deposits of Europe ; the genus is, however, different, and
for it the name of Hadrosaurus is proposed.

Besides a number of small fragments, the bones consist of twenty-eight
vertebrae, mostly with their processes broken away; a humerus, a radius and an
ulna, complete ; an ilium and a pubic bone, imperfect; a femur, a tibia and a
fibula; two metatarsal bones and a first phalanx, complete. There are also in
the collection nine teeth and a small fragment of the lower jaw.

The bones are ebony black, from the infiltration of iron, and are exceedingly
heavy. Their texture is firm and well preserved ; and they are neither crushed
nor water rolled. In association with them, besides the shells and wood, were
found several teeth of Odontaspis and Fnchodiis.

Most of the specimens of teeth of the Iladrosanrns appear to have belonged
to the lower jaw. These, when unworn and perfect, are about two inches long,
and of all known teeth most resemble those of the Igvanodov. They have a
demi-conoidal crown, with a lozenge-shaped enamel surface directed inwardly,
and divided by a prominent median carina. The upper borders of this surface

1858.]

216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

are provided with short, transverse, tuberculated ridges. The body of the
orown outwardly is paraboloid in transverse section, and is prolonged into a
laterally compressed conoidal fang. As the teeth were worn away from the
summit, their gradually expanding triturating surface sloped downward and
outward. This surface is shield like in outline, is bordered by enamel in-
ternally, and crossed by a slightly elevated crucial ridge with diverging
branchlets. The ridge, resulting from the later ossification of the dental pulp,
is harder than the surrounding dentine, and is adapted to retain a rough tri-
turating surface. The sides and bottoms of the teeth exhibit the impres-
sions of lateral and inferior successors, and appear to indicate that the teeth
in use, together with those more or less developed within the jaw, had a quin-
cuncial arrangement.

Two of the specimens of teeth perhaps belong to the upper jaw. They differ
from the others in the extraordinary degree of development of the median
carina of the crown. The enamelled surface was perhaps directed in a re-
verse manner to that of the lower teeth; that is to say, outwardly. Ft is like-
wise lozenge-like in outline, and tuberculated at the lower borders. The body
of the crown iawardly is half oval in section. The fang for more than half its
width is prolonged from the carina of the crown. These teeth also exhibit
the impress of successors holding the same relative position with one another
as in the lower teeth.

The fragment of the lower jaw is a portion of the left dentary bone, and is
three inches in depth. It has an outer parapet wall about two inches high,
with deep vertical grooves for the support of the teeth. No corresponding wall
appears to have existed on the inner side of the latter.

The cervical vertebrte have their bodies prominently convex in front and
deeply concave behind, and would appear to indicate that Mantell was correct
in assigning similar vertebra;, found in the Wealden deposits of England, to the
Iguanodon. Three cervical vertebrae, suspected to be the third, fourth, and
fifth, are two and a half inches long at the sides.

Five succeeding vertebrae, not immediately conjoining the ones just men-
tioned, and supposed to be anterior dorsals, likewise have convexo-con-
cave bodies. At the sides of the latter they are from 3 to 3J inches long, and
posteriorly are oh inches wide. The sides of their arch present a deep pit for
the articulation of a rib ; but no articular mark is perceptible at the sides of
the bodies. Two other vertebras, perhaps posterior dorsals, have the bodies
slightly prominent in front and slightly concave behind; and they are 3i- inches
long at the sides, and 4| inches wide posteriorly.

The caudal vertebrre possess articular surfaces for chevron bones ; and the
specimens we possess, from different parts of the tail, give the following suc-
cession of measurements of their bodies: length 2 J inches, breadth 5 inches;
length 3 inches, breadth 4i inches; length 3 inches, breadth 3j inches;
length 2| inches, breadth 2\ inches ; length 2i inches, breadth If inches.
From the gradation of size of seventeen specimens in the collection, it may
be estimated that there were originally about fifty vertebrae to the tail. This
number may be too great by about ten, but certainly not more.

A caudal vertebra from near the middle of the tail has its arch and spinous
process complete. The two latter together measure 11 inches long from the
body, which is 4J inches deep. The addition of a chevron bone would indicate
the tail of the animal, at its middle, to have been between one and a half
and two feet in depth.

The humerus is perfect, and is 23 inches long. Its breadth at the tuberosi-
ties, between which the head projects midway, is 7 inches. The shaft above
is compressed from without inwardly ; its lower part is cylindroid, and near
the middle of the bone measures 9| inches in circumference. At the condyles
the transverse diameter is 5;|- inches. Only a very short and narrow medullary
cavity occupies the centre of the shaft.

Both bones of the forearm are solid. The ulna is 23 inches long, and T

[D

ec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 217

inches in circumference at the middle. The raditis is 20 inches long, and 6
inches in circumference at the middle.

A very great disproportion exists between the bones of the fore and hinder
extremities. So much is this the case, that I was at first inclined to believe
they belonged to different animals. The disproportion is even greater than in
the Iguanodon, as indicated by comparison with the remaiu.^ of an individual of
the latter, in the British Museum, known as the Maidstone specimen.

ThQiiiuni has its two extremities broken away, and in it.-; iresent condition is
27 inches long. Its sacral articular surface is 12 inches long by 3 inches thick.
The breadth of the bone, opposite the latter surface, is from 7 to 9 inches. A
bone, which 1 suspect to be the pubic, but which appears to correspond with
that, of the Maidstone Iguanodon, described as the clavicle, is 26 inches long in
its present state ; one end being broken away. The remaining pubic extremity is
lOvV inches wide.

The thigh bone is 40 inches long; its breadth at the head and adjoining tro-
chanter is 9 inches ; its breadth at the condyles is 8 inches ; and the antero-pos-
terior diameter of the internal condyle is 10 inches. The shaft is quadrate, and
provided at its middle portion internally with a large trochanter. The cir-
cumference of the shaft just above the latter is 17 inches ; just below it, 1-5 inches.
The condyles in front enclose a large foramen terminating a groove descending
from the shaft. Posteriorly, at the bottom of the intervening notch, they enclose
a smaller foramen. The medullary cavity is of large size, and extends about
half the length of the shaft through its middle portion.

The tibia is 36.} inches long ; its breadth at the upper part is 11 inches ; and
its breadth below is 10 inches. Its shaft is narrow and cylindroid at the middle,
where it measures llj inches in circumference. From this position it rapidly
expands towards the two extremities of the bone. The medullary cavity is very
short and narrow.

The two metatarsal bones are of robust proportions and are each about 11 inches
long. The proximal phalanx of a toe is 6 inches long, and 5^ inches broad nt
base.

If we estimate the number of vertebrae «f the trunk of Hadrosaurus to have
been the same as in the recent Crocodile and Iguana ; the number of sacral ver-
tebrae to have been the same as in the Iguanodon ; and the number of caudal
vertebrifi to have been fifty ; the whole number of vertebrae would have been
eighty. A calculation of the length of the specimens of vertebras in our posses-
sion, with a proper allowance of separation by intervertebral fibro-cartilages,
and an addition of two and a half feet as an estimate of the length of the head,
would give, as the total length of the animal, about twenty-five feet.

The great disproportion of size between the fore and back parts of the skeleton
oi Hadrosaurus, leads me to suspect that this great extinct herbivorous lizard
may have been in the habit of browsing, sustaining itself, kangaroo-like, in an
erect position on its back extremities and tail. As we, however, frequently ob-
serve a great, disproportion between the corresponding parts of the body of re-
cent and well known extinct saurians, without any tendency to assume such
a position as that mentioned, it is not improbable that //arf;-osa?<n<.s retained the
ordinary prostrate condition, progressing in the manner which has been sus-
pected to have been the case in the extinct batrachian of an earlier period, the
Labyrinthodon.

Hadrosaurus was most probably amphibious ; and though its remains were
obtained from a marine deposit, the rarity of them in the latter leads us to sup-
pose that tho.se in our possession had been carried down the current of a river,
upon whose banks the animal lived.

Occasionally uncharacteristic fragments of huge bones have been found in
the green sand of New Jersey, (of which we have several in the collection of
the Academy,) which I suspect to belong to Hadrosaurus. One of these speci-
mens, exposed to the view of the members, indicates a much larger individual
than the one whose remains have been presented this evening.

1858.]

218 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

The species I would respectfully propose to dedicate to our fellow member
W. Parker Foulke, than whom none uf our number is more zealous in the ad-
vancement of the great objects of this Academy. The name of the great extinct
saurian will then appear as Hadrosaurus Foulkii.

Mr. Lea remarked that the members must all feel under great obligations to their
fellow member, W. Parker Foulke, Esq., for the conception, the industry and per-
severance which he has brought to the exhumation of these various reliques
of a former state of existence of organisms, totally different from any which
now live on the surface of the earth ; for there no longer now remains a single
creation which had life during the whole of the Cretaceous period. With the
true spirit of scientific investigation he has enablt- d geologists to examine these
important remains of a former world, and with equal liberality he has placed
the whole in the possession of the Academy. It was with very great pleasure
that Mr. Lea assisted, with Dr. Leidy for a few days, by the invitation of their
friend, during the progress of his successful labors.

The result has been that one of the most interesting fossil animals on record
has been added to the fauna of this period, the bones of which have just been so
happily illustrated by Dr. Leidy. There were alsu numerous genera and species
of Mollusca, as well as coniferous plants added to our p.tlasontology and fossil
botany.

Geological science is indebted to our late fellow member, Prof Vanuxem, for
the identification of the niKrl beds of New Jersey and Delaware with the Cretace-
ous group of Europe, but it was not then known in either country that there
were so many subdivisions of the group, and the exact parallelism of the green
sand was not attempted to be traced. While studying in Paris, under the in-
struction of Brogui irt,he was led to the conclusion, from his previous exaLiinatioa
of many of the^e '' marl pits," with Mr. Lea, that the mollusca were the same
which belonged to the upper beds of Brogniart's " Pelagiques." At that early
period of our geological history, when be was examining the Paris basin, he
was convinced, in 1818, that the alluvial of Maclure consisted of " secondary,
tertiary, and alluvial masses." Subsequently, in January, 1828, his notes were
published in the Journal of this Academy,* and he gave a tabular view of the
'■ relative geological position" of the secondary, tertiary, and alluvial forma-
tions of the United Slates. He also defined their " geographical position," and
stated that " this bed, (green sand), was argillaceous, and contained greenish
particles analogous to those which are found in the green sand, or chalk, of
Europe," and that it was " characterised by six genera, viz., Terebi-atula, Gry-
2>hcea, Exogyni, Ammonites, Baculites and Belemnites." These views of Professor
Vanuxem were subsequently confirmed in various papers, also published in the
Academy's Journal, by Dr. Morton, who, in his " Synopsis of Organic Remains,"
published in 1834, page 7, says that "Mr. Vanuxem was the first to detect the
analogy between this deposit (Ferruginous sand,) and the chalk formation of
Europe." Other geologists in various papers and state reports have, by their
developments, confirmed the opinions of Prof. Vanuxem, and from year to year
new explorations have tended to demonstrate the vast extent of the Cretaceous
Formation in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.

The Cretaceous Formation commences at Martha's Vineyard, in Massachusetts,
is largely developed in New Jersey, and is found in Delaware, Maryland, Vir-
ginia and the Carolinas. In Georgia, it is more largely developed. Here,
sweeping round the inferior strata, the Primary, Silurian, and Carboniferous
masses, it continues in a very enlarged band in a northerly direction, through
Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee, to near the mouth of the Ohio River.
Crossing the Mississippi River, it descends to the south-west, through Arkan-
sas, where on the upper waters of the Red River it expands to the north, through
Nebraska Territory, far into the British Possessions east of the Rocky Moua-

* Vol. 6, page 57.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 219

tains, embracing the head waters of the River Saskatchewan.* To the west,
from Red River, it extends to and beyond Santa Fe, embracing the head waters
of the Colorado, and stretching north-west, reaches the head waters of the Co-
lumbia, as well as those of the Missouri River. Following a south-western
direction from Red River through Texas, it crosses the Rio Grande into New
Leon, and thence south through St. Luis Potosi, it passes indefinitely into Mexico.

In all the great extent of this formation, there is evidence of the cretaceous
period, while most of the species differ from our eastern fauna, as the lithologi-
cal characters do in the rocks and sediments.

In New Jersey, the green sand beds are but slightly calcareous, the limestone
lying above having about 80 per cent, of lime. In North and South Carolina, it is,
according to Pro. Tuomey, " 25 to 30 per cent, of the mass," but in Alabama it
is " highly calcareous."

This vast extent of a simultaneous deposit of this kind, is calculated to excite
the greatest interest, when we consider how much it affects our agricultural pros-
perity ; and in a geological point of view, it has received the attention of many
of our ablest investigators.

Prof. Vanuxem, in the first place, had in view, the division of McClure's " al-
luvial," and in his paper he gives a table, dividing it into secondary, tertiary,
and alluvial. To these he gave seven subdivisions — two only to the secondary,
No. 1, being "Marl of New Jersey and Delaware," which he refers to the" green
sand, or chalk of Europe."

Dr. Morton, in his " Synopsis of Organic Remains," (page 13,) in 1834, six
years subsequently, gives in a table the same three grand divisions, with a
difference in the subdivisions, assigning the name of '' Ferruginous sand" to
the lower division in which Prof. Vanuxem had continued the name of " Marl
of New Jersey," the equivalent of " green sand, or chalk of Europe." Subse-
quently, in June, 1835, in an appendix, page 89, he separates the "Cretaceous
deposits of America" into three divisions, the " Upper, Media!, and Lower."

In 1840, Prof. H. D. Rogers published his Report on the Geology of New Jer-
sey, in which he separated the cretaceous group into five divisions, under the
name of " the upper secondary series, embracing the green sand formation."

1. A group of sands and clays, extremely white and pure.

2. A mixed group, consisting of ffreen sand, alternating with and occasionally
replaced by layers of a blue, sandy, micaceous clay, the so-called " green sand
formation. '

3. A yellowish, granular limestone, having a profusion of organic remains.

4. A yellow, very ferruginous coarse sand, with some fossil shells of the
green sand formation.

5. A coarse, brown, ferruginous sandstone, sometimes passing into a con-
glomerate.

Subsequently, in Johnston's Physical Atlas, 1855, under the name of "Newer
Mesozoic," he continues these divisions, the whole thickness of which he pre-
sumes to be a thousand feet.

Prof. Tuomey, in the tables of his geological survey of South Carolina, in
1848, calls the New Jersey deposits "upper green sand;" those of South Caro-
lina, " the gauft;" those of Alabama, the lower green sand, equivalent to the
Neocomien of the French geologists.

In 1854, Messrs. Hall and Meek made a communication to the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, on some fossils from the Cretaceous Formation
of Nebraska. This they divide into five sections.

5. Arenaceous clay passing into argillo-calcareous sandstone.

4. Plastic clay, the principal fossiliferous bed of the upper Missouri.

3. Calcareous marl, containing Ostrea congesta, &c.

2. Clay containing few fossils.

]. Sandstone and clay.

* See tile map of Nebraska, by Lieut. Warren ami Dr. Hayden, with explanations by the latter
who has flone so much for the geology of the Western Territories ; also the excellent map of II.1II
k Lesley, in Major Emory's Keport on the Mexican Boundary Snrvey, and Prof. Hall's Keport of
the Geology of the Boundary in tlie same volume. Also, the various papers of Meek k Uayden.

1858.]

220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

In 1855, Mr. Marcou published, in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of
France, an account of the Geology of the United States, in the cretaceous di-
vision of which, (page 70,) after giving to Prof. Vanuxem the credit of being
the first to detect this group in the United States, he says that it may be di-
vided provisionally into " three great groups," which have been named in Eu-
rope, 1st, le Neocomien ; 2d. le gres vert superieur et la craie marneuse ; 3d,
la craie blanche.

In March, 1856, Mr. Meelc and Dr. Hayden, published their section of the
Cretaceous formation of Nebraska, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, which they republished more fully in the following November, also in the
Academy's Proceedings.

5. Gray and yellowish arenaceous clays, with great numbers of marine mol-
lusca, few land plants and bones of Mosasanrus.

4. Bluish and dark plastic clay, containing numerous marine MoUusca.

3. Lead gray calcareous marl, with scales of fishes. Ostrea congesta, Inocera-
mus, &c.

2. Dark gray laminated clay, with scales of fishes, small ammonites, &c.

1. Heavy bedded yellowish sandstone, with water-worn lignite. This forma-
tion the}' say may not belong to the cretaceous system.

Prof. Hall in his Geological Report, August, 1856, connected with Major
Emory's Mexican Boundary Survey, gives an excellent table prepared by Prof.
G. H. Cooke, of the New Jersey Survey, which divides the whole of this system
in New Jersey into eight members, which may be thus suscinctly given : —
8. Green Sand, 3d or upper bed.
7. Quartzose Sand.
'^ i> (6. G;etn Sand, 2d bed— (a) Eschara, &c.
"g " I (b) Gryphona, &c.

»s J d I (c) Cucullea, &c.

■* S -^ I ^- Quartzose sand, highly ferruginous — Exogyra, &c.
m .o I 4. Green Sand, 1st or lower bed — Erogyra, Ostrea, &c.
j^ ^ 1. 3. Dark colored clay, containing green sand — AmvionitesDelawarensis,h<:.
2. Dark colored clay — Fossil wood, no animal remains.
1. Fire Clay and Potter's Clay — Fossil wood and leaves, no animal
remains.

In May 1857, Mr. Meek and Dr. Hayden, in the Proceedings of the Academy,
continued their valuable papers on the Tertiary and Cretaceous formation of
Nebraska, and gave a table of equivalents with the New Jersey deposits, and
Dr. Hayden in June of the same year made a communication entitled " Expla-
nations of a second edition of a geological map of Nebraska and Kansas," in
which the whole series of formations is reviewed, including the cretaceous
system.

It is a very important matter in discussing these organic remains to ascertain,
as nearly as possible, the horizon on which this particular formation would
stand in regard to its parallelism with those of Europe, where so much has been
written on the subject of the various members of the Cretaceous group.

Sir Charles Lyell says, that the New Jersey " strata consist chiefly of green
sand and green marl, with an overlying coraline limestone of a pele yellow col-
or, and the fossils, on the whole, agree most nearly with those of the upper Eu-
ropean series from the Maestricht beds to the gault inclusive." *

Professor Rogers in his New Jersey Report, does not seem to agree with this
idea ; he " does not regard these strata as the equivalents in the strict sense of
the word, of the green sand formation, so called, of Europe" (page 178). "Nor
are we able," he says, " positively to decide, merely by the relationship of the
genera, whether the cretaceous period embraces both the commencement and
termination of the American green sand series" (page 179).

M. D'Orbigny f considers the chalk formation of North America to belong to

* Manual, third edition, page224.
t Cours Eleinentaire, page 671.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 221

his " etage senonien" (the upper chalk of Morris) and not to the "gres verts,"
as supposed by Dr. Morton and others.

Dr. Mantell consideied that the teeth of the Mosasaurus, found in the green
sand formation of New Jersey, described by Dr. Harlan, were in every respect
analogous to those of the Maestricht reptile, and that the deposit was equivalent
to the Maestricht bed.

The Blackdown green sand of Dr. FittonJ has in its fossil moUusca a very
strong resemblance to our green sand fossils, and as D'Orbigny makes this for-
mation an equivalent to his Cunomanlen, there is some evidence that the New
Jersey green sand may be on the same horrizon; for according to D'Orbigny's ta-
bles the genus Belemniies ceases with the Cenomanien, and we have abundance
of that genus in our green sand formation. If he be correct as to the decadence
of the Cephalopoda, then we could not place this formation higher up in the se-
ries than his Cenomanien, which is the " Glauconie crayeuse " of Brogniart, found
at Cap le Heve in France, the Blackdown green sand of Fitton and the Upper
green sand of Mantell in the south of England.

Under all the information, we have, however, from the various investigations
made by so many distinguished geologists, T think the evidence is in favor of
D'Orbigny's opinion, that the green sand formation, from which these fossil re-
mains were exhumed, belong to his Senonien, but it may prove upon further ex-
amination to be a little lower in the Cretaceous series.

That portion of the grey micaceous clay at Haddonfield, in which the Mol-
lusca, all marine, were generally found, was some ten feet from the surface of
the soil. The declination of the layer is very gentle and towards the south
east. The bones and coniferous wood were so near or interspersed with the
shells as to tend to prove that they must have lived in the vicinity of the shores
which the MoUusca inhabited, for these show that they were deposited in a
sediment totally and completely at rest. The most tender and delicate forms
remain without abrasion, and usually, in the case of the bivalves, the two valves
are attached. The great tenacity, however, of the clay, and the extreme ten-
derness of the shells, render it almost impossible to get out perfect specimens,
and when they come under the action of the atmosphere, and become de-
siccated, the calcareous matter crumbles to pieces, the base membrane compos-
ing the animal portion of the shell having been previously entirely absorbed.

I propose here to give a hasty list of the genera which were collected, reserv-
ing for a future time, when more at leisure, the specific differences of those
which are new. It will be observed that the Lamellibranckia greatly prevail
over the Gasteropoda.

Liit of Genera : — Pinna, 1 species ; Inoceramus, 2 do. ; Ostrea, 3 do. ; Anomia,

1 do. ; Corbula, 2 do. ; Area, 1 do. ; Cardita, 1 do. ; Exogyra, 1 do. ; Siliquaria,

2 do. ; Nucula, 3 do. ; Trigonia, 1 do. ; Tellina, 2 do. ; Pecten, 2 do. ; Turritella,
1 do.; Dentalium, 1 do. ; Natica, 1 do.; Buccinum, 1 do., Pterocera, (?) I do. ;
Ammonites, 2 do.; Scaphites, (?) 1 do. ; Echinus, 1 do., (spines of); Eschara, 1
do. ; 1 Coprolite ; 2 small vertebrae of fishes.

Dr. Hammond observed in relation to the fragments of fossil wood found in
the same locality as the bones and shells described this evening by Dr. Leidy
and Mr. Lea, that he had submitted them to a careful examination, the details
of which might prove of interest to the Academy.

Upon inspecting the pieces of this wood placed upon the table, it will be per-
ceived that they are all of an intensely black color, but differ greatly in degree
of hardness. One specimen is so soft as to crumble readily on the slightest
handling; whilst another is dense and hard, and capable of receiving a high
polish. Several of the fragments exhibit teredo perforations, a circumstance of con-
siderable interest. These perforations are so completely filled with sulphuret of
iron that casts of them are readily obtained. All the fragments are more or less im-

X Strata below the Chalk.

1858.]

ITI PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

pregnated with this mineral. In some parts the organic tissue has been entirely
removed, and nodules of the sulphuret have taken its place ; in others the mineral
has entered the cells and tubes of the wood, leaving these of their natural forms.
Occasionallj perfect casts of the cells are found detached from the tissue when
the specimen is mounted in Canada balsam.

It was of course highly desirable that these woods should be submitted to
microscopical examination. He found, however, upon trial that it was impossible
to cut satisfactory sections without removing the sulphuret of iron. This was
done by macerating pieces of the wood in dilute chlorhydric acid. After this pro-
cess they were readily cut into sections with a suitable knife, or ground down
till the requisite degree of tenuity was obtained.

Sections thus obtained when placed under the microscope showed conclu-
sively that the wood was of the coniferous family of plants. For some time Dr.
H. was under the impression that one fragment belonged to an entirely different
class. This idea arose from the fact that from an examination of eight or ten
vertical sections none of the characteristic pits or cells could be perceived, nor
any indication of the existence of medullary rays. Finally, however, he obtained
a section which exhibited both very clearly, and a transverse section which pre-
viously he was unable to cut, positively determined it to be of the same
character as the other pieces.

Some cause or other, probably the carbonizing process, had entirely destroyed
the pits which had existed ; a fact of some importance in investigations of this
nature. All the fragments appear to belong to the same species of conifer, and
as far as Dr. H. could judge do not differ essentially in microscopic characters
from the pines which now grow on the locality.

Mr. T. Edwards Clark had kindly given him some specimens of a fossil wood
described by Unger, which in many respects resembles that referred to, the pits
being absent from a large portion of the tissue.

On leave granted, the thanks of the Academy were tendered to his
Excellency, Wm. F. Packer, Governor of the State, for the donation
of a White Deer, presented this evening.

Dec. 2,\st.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Forty-one members present.

Papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled :

Description of new genera and species of N. American Lizards, in
the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer F. Baird.

Remarks on the lower Cretaceous beds of Kansas and Nebraska,
with descriptions of some new species of Carboniferous fossils from the
valley of the Kansas River, by F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden.

And were referred to Committees.

Dec. 28th.
Vice-President 1>kidges in the Chair.

Sixty-five members present.

The Report of the Biological Department for December was pre-
sented.

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be printed in the Proceedings :

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 223

Ichthyological Notices.

BY CHARLES GIRARD, M. D.

I.

Those interested ia the study of Americaa animals, and of fishes in particular,
•will hear with interest, of the discover)- recently naade, of a representative of
the ilysinoid family on the north-eastern coast of this continent. It belongs
to the genus M'/zine, so carefully and skilfully investigated by Job. Miiller.
It is the more interesting to comparative anatomists, as it typifies the lowest
grade of the vertebrated plan of structure. The species which we allude to
closely resembles the European one, M. glutimsa; like it, it is an inhabitant of
a rather high latitude, and its habits or mode of living are quite as little under-
stood. The only specimens that were ever found were collected by my friend,
W. Stimpson, who gave most of his specimens to Prof. Agassiz, reserving but
one, which he deposited in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution.

The latter specimen is eleven inches and a half long : the thoracic region
alone is subcylindrical ; the abdominal and caudal regions being quite com-
pressed and somewhat tapering. The dorsal fin begins somewhat posteriorly
to the branchial apertures as a mere fold of the skin, increasing very slightly
in elevation towards the spear-shaped tail, being highest posterior to the vent.
The latter, in the form of an elongated split, is situated nearly an inch and a
half from the tip of the tail where the anal fin meets with the dorsal, of which
it has both the aspect and development. A membranous fold or abdominal fin,
a good deal more developed than the dorsal one just alluded to, may be observed
all along the abdominal region, from the vent to the branchial apertures, being
continuous with the anal fin, properly so called, the vent itself not affecting
materially its continuity, since it is partly situated between a double fold at
the origin of the anal fin. As regards the branchial apertures themselves, the
left one is larger than the right, which is placed somewhat in advance and side-
ways of the left; they are situated about three inches from the apex of the
snout. The double series of abdominal mucous pores (one on either side), are
conspicuous upon the removal of the slimy investment ; the pores being about
an eighth of an inch apart. The head is small, continuous with the body ; its
anterior aspect is shelving inwardly downwards, the snout being subcorneal, at
the apex of which may be observed four subequal tentacles closely grouped
together, directed upwards and inserted, two on either side, upon the very edge
of the spiracle which they seem to protect, together with a small flap at its
posterior margin. The buccal aperture is anterior, below the declivity of the
snout; it is divided into two parts by a lateral convoluted lip, the upper part
being subtriangular or subcordiform, the lower part transverse and elongated;
its lower periphery is rumpled. The third pair of tentacles is the largest of all,
and inserted, one on either side, near the upper and outer edge of the convoluted
lateral lip just alluded to. It hangs downwards like the fourth pair, which is
the smallest and rather inconspicuous, inserted near the inner and lower edge
of the same convoluted lip, over the lower part of the buccal aperture. Thus
the eight tentacles constitute four pairs : two rostral pairs presiding over the
spiracle ; and two buccal pairs presiding over the mouth, one at the upper part,
the other at the lower. The palatine tooth is slender and elongated. The four
rows of lingual teeth are composed each of seven sublanceolated and acute
teeth, much larger in the interior than in the posterior rows. They are very
crowded and inclined backwards or rather inwards ; the anterior row over-
lapping the base of the posterior one.

The color is of a uniform reddish brown or chestnut tint, somewhat lighter
beneath than above. The membranous fold along the abdomen being whitish.
The head and anterior aspect of the snout, tentacles and mouth, are whitish
also.

From the foregoing remarks it is easy to perceive that we have on the Ameri-

1858.]

^24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

can coast a distinct speeies of the genus Myxine, chiefly to be distinguished
from its European analogue, by the external aspect of the snout, and buccal
aperture, the insertion and proportional development of the tentacles, the form
of the body, and by the presence of a membraneous fin-like expansion along the
abdomen. To distinguish it henceforwards we propose calling it M. limosn. It
was collected in great abundance on muddy bottoms, off the island of Grand
Manan, Bay of Fundy, by fifty fathoms of depth.

II.

Sometime during the month of September last, a "giant herring," as it was
called by fishermen, was caught off Long Island ; its total length being five
feet, and its weight forty-seven pounds. The trophy was brought to -New
Haven, where, after a preliminary survey, the prize was cut into pieces, and
sold for the table. My friend Wm. H. Dougal, of Georgetown, D. C, well
known as an artist of the first order, happening to be at New Haven at the time,
and struck at the beauty of a fish, which he had never seen before, drew up an
accurate outline of its body and fins, counted the rays of the fins, and the scales
of the lateral line, preserving at the same time a few scales taken upon various
regions of the body. With these materials on hand, and which we owe to his
friendship, we have been enabled to refer this fish, not only to its family and
proper genus, but its specific characters to a certain extent could likewise be
."inalysed.

In 1846, Valenciennes withdrew the genera Elops and 3Iegalops from the her-
ring family {Clupeida), in which they were formerly included, and proposed to
erect for them the family of Elopida. The genus Megalops was framed by Com-
raerson upon a species of the Indian Ocean, the history of which got interwoven
with one from the West Indies, until Valenciennes established their specific dif-
ference, calling the former 31. indin/s, and the latter 31. atlanticus. It is to be
regretted that the West Indian fish is not more fully described; Valenciennes
description being brief and comparative with that of the East Indian species.
It is nevertheless suflScient to establish the fact that the " giant herring" brought
to New Haven, has a more elongated and subfusiform body, a more elongated
head, an eye so much smaller that it never could have suggested the generic
name of Big- Eye {3l€galops). The ventral fins are also inserted more in advance
of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The latter is subtriangular and rather
small, its posterior elongated ray not extending as far as the base of the caudal ;
whilst the anal is long and very low, deeply imarginated upon its lower edge,
which has the shape of an open crescent, the posterior ray being elongated
and extends as far as the rudimentary rays at the lower lobe of the caudal. The
formula of the rays is: D 13 ; A 24 ; C 20 ; V9; P 14. The rudimentary
rays of the caudal not being taken into account, the number given to that fin
appears a good deal smaller than in the other species of the genus, when in re-
ality it is identical. The scales are deeper than long, rounded off, scalloped
upon their anterior margin, and undulated upon the upper, posterior and lower
margins. Fifty of them were counted in the lateral line. Three or four radiating
turrows may be observed upon their anterior section only. A silvery tint pre-
vails all over the body and head ; the dorsal region, however, assuming a much
darker hue than the middle of the flanks and the belly. The coloration is near-
ly alike in all the species of this genus. Frcm the characters alluded to, we in-
ter the existence of a species hitherto nndescribed, allied to 31. atlantictis, and
tor which we propose the name of 31. flongatus. It is probable that its habitat
is the gulf of Mexico, and that the specimen caught off Long Island is a strayed
individual that has followed the gulf stream on a northwards journey.

III.

Since my report upon the Fishes of the U. S. P. R. R. Explorations and Sur-
veys has passed through the press, new facts relating to the history of the
salmons of the Columbia River have come to our knowledge, calling for various

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIEXCES OF PHILADELPHIA 225

rectifications of synonymy. The species which is figured and described under
the name of Fario gairdiieri is not tbe Sal/no gairdncri of Sir John Richardson.
Nor does it appear to be any of the other species recorded in the " Fauna
Boreali Americana." To distinguish it henceforwards from its congeners we
will call it Fario newherrii, or else Salmo newherrii, just as it may suit systematic
writers. It is sufficient for the present to refer to the description alluded to
above.

My friend Dr. Geo. Suckley, who has devoted much time in studying the
manners and habits of the Salmoaidae of Oregon and Washington Territories,
being now engaged on a work upon that family, 1 leave the rest of the subject
with him, without farther comment upon the specimens which he has himself
collected.

IV.
In that same Report upon the Fishes of the U. S. P. R. R. Explorations and.
Surveys we have instituted the genus Thaleichlhys upon a species of Salmonid
which we had at first glance referred to the genus Osnierus. In treating of its
characters, comparatively with both Osmerus and Argentina, to which genera it
is closely allied, we omitted accidentally to compare it with the genus Mijlloiiia,
to which it bears some affinities, but from which it however differs by a more
anterior position of the dorsal and ventral fins, by its small and lanceolated
pectorals, and by the absence of maxillar teeth. As to the species referred to
under the name of Thaleichthys stevensi, a further examination having shown
its identity with Salmo (Mallotus ?) pacijicus of the "Fauna Boreali Americana,'
it is henceforwards to be designated under the name of Tkaleichthys picificus.

Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratoruin, quae in Expeditione ad
Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Eepublica Federata missa, Cadwala-
daro Ringgold et Johanne Eodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit

W. STIMPSON.

Par3 VII. CR USTA CEA ANOMO URA.

I. TELEOSOMI.

Segmentum ultimum thoracicum non liberum.

Synopsis DROMIDEORUM.
A. Pedes 4ti 5tiqtie paris subprehensiles.

Dromidia, nov. gen. Carapax couvexus, j^ilosus. Palatum utrinque col-
liculo instructum. Foeminae sterni sulci ad segmentum chelipedum product!
et in tuberculum approximati ; appendices abdominis articuli penultimi
minutse, celatse. Pedes lis jDromi(e similes.

Typus, D. li i rs u t issi ma. Dromia hursutissima , Lam'k ; An. s. vert.
y. 264. Uesm. ; Consid. sur les Crust, p. 137, pi. xviii. f. 1.— Africa Australi.

D. Antillensis, Stimpson. — Ins. Antillarum.

D. spongiosa et excavata, infra.

? Dromia glohosa, Lam'k ; I. c. v. 264.

? Dromia gihbosa, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 175.

? Dromia unidentata, Ruppel ; Besclir. und Abbild. Kurzschw. Krabben, 16,
pi. iv. f. 2. — Sinn Arabico.

? Dromia rotunda, McLeay ; in Smith's Hist. S. Afr. Zool., p. 71. Africa
Australi.

Crtptodromia, nov. gen. Carapax convcxus, pubescens, vix pilosus. Pa-
latum utrinque colliculo instructum. Foeminae sterni sulci reraoti, ad segmen-
tum pedum secundi paris tantum producti, terminis in tuborculis. Pedes iis
Dromice similes, sed nodosi. Species parvc-e.

1858.]

226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Typus, C. coro n ata, infra.

C. nodipes. Dromia nodipes, Lam'k. ; Guerin ; Icon. pi. xiv. f. 1.

C. lateralis. Dromia lateralis, Gray ; Zool. Misc. 40. — Australia.

C. tuberculata, tumida, etcanaliculata, infra.

? Dromia faJlax, Lam'k. ; M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 179. — Ins.
Mauritii.

? Dromia caput-mortuum, M. EAw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 173. — Man
OrientaU.

Dromia, Fabr. Carapax transversus, convexns, pilosns. Palatum laeve.
Foeminse stemi sulci ad segmentum pedum secundi paris tantum product!,
non approximate Pedes mediocres, mero non dilatato ; digitis primi paris
apicibus calcareis ; pedes 4 postici reliquis minores, breviores, extremitatibus
subcheliformes, processu spiniformi art. penultimiterminali. •

Typus, D. vulgaris, M. Edw. ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. Crust, pi. xl. f. 1. —
Europa.

D. Rumphii, Fabr.; De Haan ; Fauna Japonica, Crust, pi. xxxii. ; M.-
Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 174. — Mari Sinensi.

D. la tor, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 174. — Insulis Antillarum.
? D. indicn Gray ; Zool. Misc. 40. Griflf. Cut. Cr. pi. xxiv. — Mari Oriental!.

PsEUDODKOMiA, nov. geu. Carapax elongatus, convexus, pubescens ; pos-
tice parum induratus. Regio faciei dimidia carapacis latitudinis multo latior.
Epistoma, (v. triangulum interanten nularium,) fronti non junctum. Pala-
tum utrinque coUiculo instructum. Fcemiuce sulci stern! ? Abdominis

maris art. penultimi appendices minutse, celatse. Pedes iis Dromice fere si-
miles, sed oti paris longissimi, eis 2di paris multo longiores.

Typus, P. 1 a t e n s , infra.

Petalomera, nov. gen. Carapax oblongus, convexus, epimeris post sutu-
ram membranaceis. Palatum utrinque colliciilo instructum. Fceminse stern!

sulci ? Meri pedum sex anticorum laminato-dilatati. Cbelipedum digit!

apicibus come!, cochleariformes. Pedes 4 postici iis Dromia similes.

Typus, P. granulata, infra.

CoxcHCECETES, Bov. gen. Carapax depressus, oblongo-subpentagonus. Pedes
4ti paris quam Stii paris robustiores, subcheliformes, dactj-lo valido, hamato ;
processu art. penultimi obtuso, basali. Pedes 5ti paris gracillimi, non sub-
cheliformes, dactj-lo minuto, contorto. Testas bivalvarum ferentes.

Typus, C. artificiosus. Cancer artijiciosa, Herbst ; Naturg. d. Krabben
u. Krebse, iii. 54, pi. Iviii. f. 5. — Mar! Sinensi.

Htpoconcha, Guerin ; (Rev. et Mag. Zool. ser. 2d. vi. 333.) Carapax de-
planatus, superne membranaceus. Foeminae stern! sulci ut in Z)ro7n«(7. Pedes
4 postici non subcheliformes, dactylo lunate, pedunculato. Testas bivalvarum
ferentes.

Typus, H. sabulosa, Guerin ; loc. cit. pi. v. — Ins. Antillarum.

H. arcuata, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

B. Pedes 5ti paris solum subprehensiles.

Dtsomexe, Latreille ; M.-Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 179.) Frons lata.
Foeminse stern! sulci remoti. Appendices abdominis ajt. penultimi majores'.
Pedes 5ti paris gracillimi.

Typus, D. hispida, Latr., M.-Edw. ; Reg. Anim. Crust, pi. xl. f. 2.

Ins. Mauritii.

D. Latreillii, Eyd. et Soul. ; Voy. Bonite, Crust, pi. iii. f. 3-5.

LATREILLIDEA ; — genus unicum Latkeillla, Roux, : — Conf. De Haan*
Fauna Japonica, Crust. 105. '

HOMOLIDEA ;— genus unicum Homola, Leach ;— Conf. M. Edw. • Hist Nat
des Crust, ii. 181. '

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 227

RANINIDEA ;— Conf. Dana U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust, i. 403.

II. SCEIZOSOMI.

Segmentum ultimum thoracicum liberum.

Synopsis PORCELLANIDEORUM.

A. Antenarum extemarum articulus primus brevis, marginem carapacis
superiorem non attingens.

Petkolisthes, nov. gen. Carapax depressus, subovatus, non latior qnam
longior ; fronte triangulari, margine plus minusve undulata, dentata vel Inte-
gra. Oculi sat grandes. Antennarum pedunculus plus minusve cristatns.
Chelipedeslati, depress!. Pedum ambulatoriorumdactylinormales, i. e. breves,
sat robusti, unguiculo unico.

Ti/pus, P. violaceus. Porcellana violacea, Guerin ; Mag. de Zool., 1838,
p. 5, pi. XXV. f. 2. P. macrocheles, Poeppig. — Chili.

P. valid us. Porcellana valida, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust, i. 415.
pi. xxvi. f. 5. — Chili.

P. rupicolus. Porcellana rupicola, Stm. ; Crust, et Echin. Pacif. Coast of N.
America, p. 40. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. pi. xx. f. 2. — California.

P. tridentatus, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

P. elongatus. Porcellana elongata, M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
251. — Nova Zelandia.

P. gracilis, Stm. — Sinu Californico.

P. J a p 0 n i c u s. Porcellana Japonica, De Haan ; Fauna .Tap. Crust. 199.
pi. 1. f. 5. — Mari Japonico.

P. asiaticus. Porcellana asiatica, Gray, Zool Misc. 15. — Asia.

P. p 0 1 i t u s. Porcellana polita, Gray ; Zool. Misc. 15 ; Griff. Cuv. xiii.
312, pi. XXV. f. 2. P. magnifica, Gibbes ; 1. c. 191. — Ins. Antillarum.

P. a r m a t u s. Porcellana armata, Gibbes ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 190.
— Florida.

P. marginatus, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

P. m a c u 1 a t u s. Porcellana maculata, M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
253. — Nova Hibernia.

P. Lamarckii. Pisidia Lamarliii, Leach. Porcellana Lamarckii, M.-
Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 551. — Nova Hibernia.

P. s p e c i 0 s u s. Porcellana speciosa, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 417. pi. xxvi. f.
8. — Mari Pacifico.

P. scabriculus. Porcellana scabricula, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 424. pi. xxvi.
f. 13. — Mari Orientali.

P. dentatus. Porcellana dentata, M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
251.— Java.

P. tomentosus. Porcellana tomentosa, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 420. pi. xxvi.
f. 10. — Mari Pacifico.

P. B 0 s c i i. Porcellana Boscii, Savigny ; Egypt, Crust, pi. vii. f. 2. —
Egypt.

P. rugosus. Porcellana rugosa, M.-Edw. ; Kist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 252.

P. h i r s u t u s. Porcellana hirsuta, Gray ; Griffiths' Cuvier, xiii. 312. pi.
xviii.

P. Edwardsii. Porcellana Edwardsii, De Saussure ; Rev. et Mag. Zool.,
1853, V. 366. pi. xi. f. 3.— Mazatlan.

P. sexspinosus. Porcellana sexspinosa, Gibbes ; loc. cit. 190. P. gala-
thina, Gray, Say. — Plorida.

P. occidentalis, Stm. — Panama.

P. tuberoulatus. Porcellana tuherculata, Guerin; Mag. de Zool.,
1838, p. 6. pi. xxvi. f. 2. P. lohifrons, M.-Edw.— Chili.

P. tuberculifrons. Porcellana tuberculifrons, M.-Edwards et Lucas;
in D'Orb. Voy. en I'Am. Merid., Crust, p. 33. P. ajjinis, Guerin. — Chili.
1858.]

328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

•

P. iuberrulosus. Porcellana tuberculosa, M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
256.— Chili.

P. acanthophorus. Porcellana acanthophora, M.-Edw. et Lucas; i»
D'Orb. Voy. en I'Am. Merid., p. 33. pi. xvi. f. 2.— Chili.

P. coccineus. Porcellana coccinea, Owen; Beechy's Voy. Zool., 87. pi.
xxvi. — Ins. Hawaiensium.

P. pubescens et hastatus, infra.

? Pore liana Desmarestii, Eyd. et Gerv. ; Voy. de la Favorite, v. pi. iii. f.
1.— Chili.

? Porcellana Icevigata, Guerin ; Mag. de Zool., 1838, p. 5, No. 2. — Chili.

? Porcellana affinis, Gray ; Zool. Misc. p. 15.

? Porcellana cinctipes, Randall ; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 136. —
Ins. Hawaiensium.

? Porcellana granulosa, Guerin ; Mag. de Zool. 1858, p. 6, pi. xxv. f. 1. —
Chili.

PisosoMA, nov. gen. Carapax [rotundatus, sat convexus, non longior quam
latior. Frons superne visa recta, Integra. Chelipedes crassi. Dactyli pedum
ambulatoriomm normales.

Typiis, P. pis um. Porcellana pisum, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
254. — Mari Orientali.

P. s c u 1 p t u m. Porcellana sculpta, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 253.
— Mari Orientali.

P. Riis ei, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

? Porcellana viridis, Gray; Zool. Misc. p. 15. Pisidia viridis, Leach.

B. Autennarum extemarum articulus primus plus minusve productus et
margiiii carapacis junctus ; articulus secundus orbita remotus.

RAPuroopus, nov. gen. Carapax rotundatus, latior quam longior. Frons
non prominens, fere recta, tridentata. Oculi minuti. Pedum ambulatorio-
rum dactyli longi, recti, gracillimi compressi et acutissimi.

Typus, R. ciliatus, infra.

Pachtcheles, nov. gen. Carapax rotundato-ovatus, non longior qviam
latior : epimeris postice solutis, parte posteriore quadrata, interstitio cutaneo
disjuncta. Frons medio parum prominens, subacuta. Autennarum articulus
primus minus productus. Chelipedes crassissimi, rugosi ; carpo brevi. Pedum
ambulatoriorum dactyli normales.

Typus, P. grossimanus. Porcellana grossimana, Guerin ; Mag. de ZooL
1838, pi. 26, f. 3.— Chili.

P. r u d i s, Stm. — California.

P. natalensis. Porcellana natalensis, Krauss ; Sudafr. Crust., 58, pi. iv.
f. 1. — Africa Australi.

P. m o n i 1 i f e r u s. Porcellana monilifera, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 413, pi. xxvi.
f. 3. — Brazilia.

P. pectinicarpus-et Stevensii, infra.

Megalobbachium, nov. gen. Carapax rotundatus, non longior quam latior.
Frons angusta, laminata, parum prominens, fere recta. Oculi minuti. Cheli-
pedes crassi, mero magno, manu brevi. Pedum amb. dactyli normales.

Typus, M. g ran u lifer um, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

Porcellana, Lam'k, restrictum. Carapax plerumque longior quam latior,
lateribus carinatus ; epimeris integris. Frons sat lata, prominens, plus mi-
nusve dentata. Orbitae profundse. Autennarum articulus primus valde pro-
ductus, intus acutus. Chelipedes sat depressi ; carpo brevi, margine anteriore
saepius unilobato ; digitis saepius contortis. Pedum amb. dactyli normales,
sat longi.

Typus, P. platycheles, Lam'k ; An. s. vert., v. 230. — Europa.

P. Sayii, Gray; Zool. Misc. 15.

P. pilosa, M. Edw. : Hist. Nat. des Crust. ; ii. 255. — Carolina.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 229

P. 0 eel lata, Gibbes ; loc. cit. 190. — Florida.

P. longicornis, M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 257. Plsidia longicor-
nis, Leach. Porcellana Leachii, Gray. — Europa.

P. D ehaani, Krauss ; Sudafr. Crust., 59, pi. iv. f. 2. — Africa Aust.

P. arm at a, Dana ; 1. c. i. 426, pi. xxvi. f. 14, (non Gibbes.) — Mari Ori-
entali.

P. s u 1 u e n s i s, Dana ; 1. c. i. 414, pi. xxvi. f. 4. — Mari. Oriental!.

P. se rratifrons, dispar, latifrons, streptocheles, pulchra,
et o r n a t a, infra.

9 P. punctata, Guerin ; Icon. Cr., pi. xviii. f. 1. P. cristata, Edw. — Peru.

9 P. angulosa, Guerin ; Voy. Favorite, v. 175. pi. ii, f. 3. — Chili.

? P. sociata, Say; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., i, 457. — Carolina.

? P. minuta, Westwood and Hailestone ; in Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist., viii.
265 ; f. 265-270, 1835.— Anglia.

? P. miira, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 419, pi. xxvi., f. 9. — Peru.

MiNYOCEKUs, nov. gen. Carapas angustus. Frons tridentata. Antennulse
longiores, articulo primo niagno, depresso, dentato. Antennarum articulus
primus ei Porcellance similis ; pars mobilis minuta, quadriarticulata, quam art.
primus non longior. Chelipedes debiles. Pedum amb. dactyli normales.

Typus, M. angustus. Porcellana angustajDana ; loc. cit. i. 423, pi. xxvi.
f. 12.— Brasilia.

PoRCELLANELLA, White. (Voy. Rattlesnake, ii. 394.) Carapax oblougus,
multo longior quam latior, lateribus fere parallelis ; lobulis gastricis obsoletis.
Frons horizontalis, laminiformis, valde prominens, tridentata. Antennje ei
Porcellance similes. Chelipedes Iseves, carpo brevi, manu elongata. Pedes
ambulatorii parvi, mere crasso, dactylis brevibus, uncinatis, compressis,
multi-unguiculatis.

Typus, P. t r il o b a , White ; I. c, ii. 394, pi. v. f. 2.

P. p 1 c t a , infra.

PoLTOXYX, nov. gen. Carapax rotundato-ovalis, latior quam longior, con-
vexus, Isevis. Frons sat angusta, recta. Antennularum articulus primus
non dentigerus. Antennarum articulus primus prselongus. Oculi minuti.
Chelipedes Ijeves ; mero magno. Pedum amb. dactyli brevissimi, lati, intus
bi- vel multi-unguiculati. Megalohrachio affinis, dactylis exceptis.

Typus, P. macrocheles. Porcellana macrocheles, Gibbes ; Proc. Am.
Assoc. 1850, p. 191. — Carolina.

P. biunguiculatus. Porcellana biiinguiculata, Dana; loc. cit. i. 411,
pi. xxvi. f. 1. — Mari Orientali.

P. sinensis, infra.

Synopsis HIPPIDEORUM.

HiPPIDJE.

Pedes antici non subcheliformes. Antennse externse aciculo carentes.
Maxillipedes externi operculiformes, exognatho nullo.

Remipes, Latreille, M.-Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 204). Antennae ex-
ternse breves. Maxillipedum externorum palpus paullo unguiformis. Pedes
antici longi, dactylo mediocri, robusto, subcylindrico.

Tj/yjus, R. t e s tu di nar i u s, Latr., M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii.
206.— Mari Orientali.

R. marmoratus, Humbr. et Jacq. ; Voy. au Pole Sud, Atlas. Inv. pi.
viii. f. 22.

R. paci ficus , Dana ; loc. cit. i. 407., pi. xxv. f. 7. — Mari Pacifico.

R. h i r t i p e s , Dana ; loc. cit. i, 408, pi. xxv. f. 8. — Mari Orientali.

R. barbadensis, Stm. Sqiiilla barbadensis ovalis, Petiver ; Psetrigr.
Americana, pi. ii. f. 9. — Ins. Antillarum.

1858.] 17

230 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

E. scutellatus, Leach, White; Brit. Mus. Cat., 1847, p. 57. Eippa
scv.tellata, Fab. ; Ent. Syst. ii. 474. — Man Australi.

Mastigopfs, nov. gen. Antennae breves. Maxillipedes extemi oblongi ;
meri apice truncato. Pedes antici prselongi, dactylo flagelliformi, mtiltiarti-
culato.

Typus, M. gracilis, infra.

HippA, Fabr., M. Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 207.) Antenna longae.
Maxillipedes externi grandes, palpo tenui. Pedes antici breves, dactylo ovato,
laminate.

Typus, H. e merit a, Fabr., M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Cmst. ii. 209. Can-
cer emeritus, Lin. — Brasilia.

H. talpoida. Say; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. i. 160. — Virginia.

H. analoga, Stm. Crust, et Echin. Pacific Coast of N. Am. p. 46. —
California.

H. as i a tic a, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 209. — Mari Orientali.

Albpxid^.
Pedes antici subcheliformes. Maxillipedes extemi subpediformes, exogna-
tho instructi.

Blephaeopoda, Randall. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilada., 1839, viii. 131.)
=Alhunhippa, M.-Edw., 1841. ^Ahrote, Philippi, 1857. Antennae sat longae,
aciculo nuUo. Oculi cylindrici gracUes.

Typus, B. Occident alls, Randall; loc. cit. viii. p. 131, pi. vi. — Cali-
fornia.

B. spinosa. Albunhippa spinosa, M.-Edw. et Lucas; Arch, dn Mus.
d'Hist. Nat. ii. 477, pi. xxviii. f. 1-13.— Peru.

B. spinimana. Ahrote spinimana, Philippi; Arch. f. Naturg. xxiii, i.
124, pi. viii.— Chili.

ALBuxiEA, Fabr., M.-Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 202). Antennse aciculo
instmctfe praelongo. Oculi laminati, angusto-triangulares. Maxillipedum
externorum carpi angulus superior parum productus.

Typus, A. symnista, Fabr. ; M.-Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 203. —
Mari Orientali.

A. Lu c a sii , De Saussure ; Rev. et Mag. Zool. ser. 2dae, v. 367, pi. xii. f.
4. — California.

A. oxyophthalma; Leach, White; Brit. Mus. Cat., 1847, p. 57. — Ins.
Antillarum.

A. speciosa, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 405, pi. xxv. f. 6. — Ins. Hawaii.

A. Guerini, Lucas ; Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2dae, v. 45. — Algeria.

A. Paretii, Guerin ; Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2dae,v. 47. — Ins. Antillarum?

A. Gibbesi, Stm. — Florida.

Lepidopa, nov. gen. Antennae aciculo instructae brevissimo. Oculi squami-
formes, vix longiores quam latiores. Maxillipedum ext. carpi angulus supe-
rior longe productus.

Typii^, L. scutellata. Albunaa scutellata, Fabr., M.-Edw. ; Hist, des
Crust, ii. 204. — Ins. Antillarum.

L. venusta, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

Stxopsis LITHODIDEORUM.
A. Corpus convexum, habitu Maioideorum.

Lithodes, Latr., M.-Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 184). Abdominis ex-
tremitates et partes laterales scutellis approximatis induratae ; pars media
mollis, verrucis disjunctis armata. Pedes sepius longi.

Typus, L. maia. Leach. Cancer maia, Lin. L. arctica, M. Edw.; Hist.
Nat. des Crust., ii. 186. — Mari Atlantico Boreali.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 231

L. antarcticus, Humbr. et Jacq. ; Voy. an Pole Sud, Inv. pi. vii. —
Fuegia.

L. camtscliaticus, Tiles., De Haau ; Fauna Japonica, Crust. 217, pi.
xlvii. — Marl Ocliotzskiensi.

L. spinosissimus , Brandt ; Bulletin phys.-matlieui. de I'Acad. de St.
Petersbourg, vii. 172. — Mari Pacifico Boreali.

L. brevipes, M.-Edvr. et Lucas ; Arch, du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. ii. 463, pi.
xxiv-xxvii. Faralithodes brevipes, Brandt. — Kamtscliatka.

EcniDxocERL^?, White. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 47). Lopholithodes,
Brandt. Ctenorhinus, Gibbons. Abdomen scutis quinque-seriatis approxi-
matis induratum. Antennarum aciculum triangulatum, superficie margineque
spinosum. Pedes brevissinii.

Ti/pus, E. cibarius. White ; P. Z. S. 1848, p. 47 ; Annulosa, pi. ii. iii.
Lopholithodes Mandtii, Brandt ; Bulletin phvs.-math. de I'Acad. de St. Peters-
bourg, vii. 174. — Sitka.

E. setimanns, Stm. ; Crust, et Ecliin. Pac. Coast of N.Am., p. 37.
Ctenorhinus setimanus, Gibbons ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., i. 48. California.

E. foraminatus, Stm. — California.

Paealomis, Wliite. (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, xxiv. 134). Abdomen scutis
quinqne-seriatis approximatis induratum. Antennarum aciculum margine
spinosum. Pedes mediocres.

Typus. P. granulosus, White; I.e. Lithodes granuJosits, 'Rwmhr. qI
•Jacq. ; Voy. an Pole Sud. Inv., pi. viii. f. 15. Mari Antarctico.

P. verrrucosus. Lithodes \errucosus, Dana ; loc. cit. 128, pi. xxvi. f.
16. — Fuegia.

Rhixolithodes, Brandt. (Bulletin de I'Acad. vii. 174.) Abdomen scutis
triseriatis obessum. Antennarum aciculum margine spinosum. Pedes
mediocres.

Typus, R. Wosnessenskii, Brandt ; 1. c. — Sitka.

AcAXTHOLiTHcs, uov. gen. Abdomen scutis multiseriatis obsessum. Anten-
narum aciculum truncatum, 3-4-spinigerum. Pedes mediocres.

Typus, A. hystrix. Lithodes hystrix, De Haan ; Fauna Japonica, Crust.
218, pi. xlviii. — Japonia.

Phyllolithodes, Brandt. (Bulletin phys.-mathem. de I'Acad. de St. Pdtersb.
vii. 174.) Petalocerus, White. Carapax puteis profundis excavatus. Abdo-
men flexile, scutis quinque-seriatis induratum ; scutis paullo imbricatis, sed
bene disjunctis, interstitiis cutaneis. Antennarum aciciilum flabelliforme, in
laminis tres divisum. Pedes sat breves.

Typus, P. papillosus, Brandt ; Bulletin, vii. 174. Petalocerus Belli-
anus, White ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1856, xxiv. 134, pi. xlii. California.

Crtptolithodes, Brandt. (Bulletin phys.-math. de I'Acad. de St. Petersb.
vii. 175.) Carapax marginibiis dilatatus, pedes totos celans. Rostrum lamina-
tum deflexum. Antennarum aciculum laminiforme simplici. Abdomen
induratum, scutellis triseriatis approximatis.

Typus, C. typicus, Brandt; Bulletin, vii. 175. Stimpson ; Crnst. et
Echin. Pacific Coast of N. America, p. 32. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. pi, xx.
— California.

C. sitchensis, Brandt ; Malanges Biologiques tires du Bulletin phys.-
mathem. de I'Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersb., i. 654. — Sitka.

B. Corpus depressum, habit u Porcellanideorum.

LoMis, M. Edwards, (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 187.) Carapax rotundatus,
rostro rudimentari. Abdomen sat indviratum lamellatum.

Typus, L. hirta, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 188. PorceUuna hirta
Lam'k. — Australia.

1858.]

232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Derma TURPS, Brandt. (Melanges Biologiques, i. 57.) Abdomen molle, eras-
sum, segmentis primo, ultimo penultimoque scutellis protectis. Maxillipedum
externorum articuli ultimus penultimusque non dilatati.

Typus, D. Mandtii, Brandt ; Mel. Biolo. i. 57. — Ins. St. Pauli.

Hapalogaster, Brandt. (Melanges Biologiques, i. 58.) Abdomen ei Der-
maturi simile. Antennarum acioulum laminatum, sublanceolatum. Maxilli-
pedum ext. articuli ultimus penultimusque intus dilatati.

Typus, H. Mertensi, Brandt ; Mel. Biol. i. 58. — Sitka.

H. dentatus. Lomis dentata, De Haan ; loc. cit. 219. pi. xlviii. f. 3.
— Japonia.

H. cavicauda, Stm. California.

Synopsis PAGURIDEORUM.
Cexobitid;e.

BiRGUs, Leach, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 244.) Abdomen rectum,
laminis calcareis induratum.

Typus, B. 1 a t r 0 , Leach, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 246 ; Reg.
Anim. Crust., pi. xliii. f. 1. Cancer latro, Herbst. — Mari Orientali.

Cenobita, Latreille, M. Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 238.) Abdomen
molle, in cochleam retortum.

Typus, C. clypeata, Latreille, Encjc, pi. ccci. f. 1, M. Edw.; Hist. Nat.
des Crust., ii. 239. — Mari Orientali.

C. diogenes, Latr., M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 240, pi. xxii.
f. 11-13. — Ins. Antillarum.

C. carnescens, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 472, pi. sxx. f. 3. — Mari Pacifico.

C. rugosa, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 241. De Haan ; I.e.,
p. 212. Dana ; loc. cit. i. 471, pi. xxx. f. 1. C. clypeata, Owen ; in Beechey's
Voy. Zool. — Mari Pacifico.

C. b r u n n e a , Dana ; loc. cit. i. 470, pi. xxix. f. 10. — Mari Pacifico.

C. Olivieri, Owen ; Beechey's Voy. Zool. p. 84. — Mari Pacifico.

C. c 0 m p r e s s a , M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 241. De Haan ; 1. c.
p. 241. — Mari Orientali.

C. s p i n o s a , M. Edw. ; Hist Nat. des Crust, ii. 242. — Mari Orientali.

C. perlata, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 242. Reg. Anim. Crust.,
pi. xliv. f, 1. De Haan : 1. c. p. 213. — Mari Pacifico.

C. purpurea et cavipes, infra.

PAGURIDiE.

A. Maxillipedes externi basi approximati, coxis valde dilatatis, contiguis.
a. Abdomen symmetricum.

Cancellus, M. Edw. (Hist. Nat des Crust, ii. 243.)

Typus, C. typus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 2da Zool. vi. pi. xiv. f. 3.

h. Abdomen asymmetricum.
1. Abdomen maris appendicibus genitalibus carens. Pedes 4ti paris cheli-
formes.

Diogenes, Dana, (U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust, i. 438.) Annulum ophthalmi-
cum apertum, rostriferum. Antennarum aciculum basi latum, interdum
bifidum ; flagellum ciliatum. Chelipedes inaequales, (sinister major,) maniis
commisura marginal! ; digitis obliquis, ajiicibus calcareis acuminatis. Pedum
2di 3tiique paris dactyli longi.

Typus, D. miles, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 439, pi. xxvii. f. 9. Pagurus miles,
Fabr., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 23'5. — Mari Orientali.

D. custos, Dana; loc. cit. i. 439, pi. xxvii. f. 10. Pagurus custos, Fabr.,
M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 236.— Mari Orientali.

D. diaphanus. Pagurus diaphanus, Fabr., M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 236. — Mari Atlantico.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 233

D. spinifrons. Pagurus spinifrons, De Raan; Fauna Jap. Crust. 212,
pi. xlix. f. 6. — Japonia Australi.

D. Edwardsi. Pagurus Edwardsii, De Haan ; 1. c, p. 211, pi. i. f. 1. —
.Japonia Australi.

D. arenarius. Pagurus arenarius, Lucas ; Expl. Alger. Cr. j^l. iii. f. 7. —
Algeria.

D. brevirostris et penicillatus, infra.
■ i Pagurus pugilator, Roux ; Crust, de la Medit. pi. xiv. f. 3. Mari Medit.

Petkochikus, nov. gen. Paguro offinis. Frons medio obtmsa. Annulum
oplitlialmicum apertum, bracteoliferum. Oculi crassi, squamularum basalium
apicibus gracilibus. Chelipedes subjequales, (dexter major,) dissimiles ;
manus co'mmisuris margiualibus ; digitis verticalibus ; manus dextrse mar-
ginibus obtusis, apicibus digitorum calcareis ; manus sinistra marginibus
acutis, apicibus cornels. Pedum 2di. Stiique paris dactyli contorti.

Typus, P. granulatus. Pagurus granulatus, Oliv., M. Edw. ; Hist.
Nat. des Crust, ii. 225. — Mari Atlantico Occidentali.

Pagukus, Fabr., Dana. (U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 449.) Frons medio
recta. Annulum ophthalmicum apertum, bracteoliferum. Oculi plus minusve
crassi, squamularum basalium apicibus latis. Antennarum aciculum breve
sat robustum, flagellum longum, nudum. Chelipedes inreqviales, (sinister
major,) manus commisuris margiualibus ; digitis verticalibus, apicibus cornels,
subexcavatis.

Typus, P. punctulatus, Oliv., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 222.
Dana ; loc. cit. i. 451, pi. xxviii. f. 4. — Mari Orientali.

P. spinimanus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des So. Nat. ser. 3tise v. Gl. — Mari
Pacifico.

P. a f f inis , M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 224.— Ceylania.

P. guttatus, Oliv., M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 223. Qiioy et
Oaimard ; Voy. Uranie, pi. Ixxix. f. 3. Dana ; loc. cit. i. 451, pi. xxviii. f. 3.
— Mari Pacifico.

P. setifer, M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 22-5. De Haan; I.e.
p. 209. — Mari Orientali.

P. euopsis, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 452, pi. xxviii. f. 6. — Mari Pacifico.

P. fabimanus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 454, pi. xxviii. f. 7. — Mari Pacifico.

P. scabrimanus, Dana ; loc. cit., i. 455, pi. xxviii. f. 8. — Mari Orientali.

P. difformis, M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 222. Dana; 1. c. i.
449. — Mari Orientali.

P. a s p e r u s , Berthold ; Gottingische Gel. Anz., 1845 ; iii. Nacli. p. 45. —
— Mari Sinensi.

P. pedunculatus, (Herbst,) Owen ; in Beechey's Voy. Zool., p. 83. —
Mari Pacifico.

P. carinatus, Randall; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 133. — Ins.
Hawaii.

P. asper, De Haan; (non M. Edw.) loc. cit. 208, pi. xlix. f. 4. Dana ;
1. c, i. 450. — Mari Orientali.

P. cavipes. White; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. i. 224. — Australia.

P. venosus, M. Edw.; Ann. des Sci. Nat., ser. 3ti8ev. 61. — Ins. Antillarum.

P. sinistripes, Stm. — Panama.

P. oallidus , Roux, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 220.— Mari Medi-
terraneo.

P. striatus, Latr., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 218.— Mari At-
lantico Orientali.

P. imbricatus, M. Edw..; Ann. des So- Nat. ser. 3tise, 1848, v. 61. —
'■ Ruffles Bay."

P. strigimanu^, White; Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., 1848, i. 224.— Tas-
mania.

P. o r n a t u s , Roux ; Crust. Medit. pi. xlvii. — Mari Medit.

1858.]

234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

P. scutellatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser. 3tiae, 1848, v. 61.—
Africa Orientali.

P. gemmatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des. Sc. Nat., ser. Stise, 1848, v. 61. —
Ins. " Marquesas."

P. i m p r e s s u s , De Haan ; loc. cit. 407, pi. xlix. f, 3. — Japonia.

P. sculptipes etplatythorax, infra.

fPagurus timidus, Roux ; Cmst. de la Medit. pi. xxiv. f. 6. — Mari Medit.

Anicuhjs, Dana. (U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 460.) Frons medio acuta.
Annulum ophtlialmicum vix apertum, sed bracteolLferum. Antennae graciles,
aciculo brevi robusto, flagello nudo. Chelipedes perbreves sequales, manus
commisuris verticalibus, sed marginalibus ; digitis verticalibus apicibus exca-
vatis cornels.

Tyjnis, A. typicus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 461, pi. xxix. f. 1. Pagurus ani-
culus, Fabr. ; Suppl. 411. — Mari Orientali.

A. u r s u s . Pagurus ursus, Olivier ; Encyc. Metb. viii. 640. — Australia.

A. elegans, Stm. — Panama.

fPagurus annulipes, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. Stiae, 1848, Zool. v.
60.— Papua.

Calcixus, Dana. (U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i., 456.) Frons medio acuta.
Annulum ophtbalmicum celatum. Antennarum aciculum breve ; flagellum
nudum. Chelipedes iujequales, (sinister major,) manus commisuris verti-
calibus sed fere marginalibus ; digitis verticalibus, apicibus calcareis instar
cochlearis excavatis. Pedum 2di. Stiique paris dactyU breves.

Typus. C. tibicen, Dana; loc. cit. i. 457. Pagurus tibicen, (Herbst,)
Latr., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 229. P. levimanas, RandaU. — Mari
Pacitico.

C. chilensis. Pagurus chilensis, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des. Crust, ii. 230.
pi. xxii. f. 9. Nicolet ; in Gay's Hist, de Chile, Zool. ill. 191.— Chili.

C. obscurus, Stm. — Panama.

C. lividus. Pagurus lividus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser. Stise.
1848, Zool. V. 63. — Mari OrientaU.

C. sulcatus. Pagurus sulcatus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 230. —
Ins. AntUlarum.

C. Gaimardii, Dana ; 1. c. i. 457, pi. xxviii. f. 9. Pagurus Gaimardii,
M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser. Stise, 184S, Zool. v. 63.— Mari Pacifico Occi-
dentali.

C. elegans, Dana; loc. cit. i. 458. Pagurus e/e^a«s, M. Edw. ; Hist.
Nat. des Crust, ii. 229. P. pictus, Owen. P. decorus, Randall. — Mari Pacifico.

C. 1 at ens , Dana ; 1. c. i. 459, pi. xxviii. f. 11. Pagurus latens, Randall. —
Mari Pacifico.

C. cristimanus. Pagurus cristimanus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat.,
ser. 3ti8e, 1848, Zool. v, 63,

fPagurus bimaculatus, De Haan ; loc. cit. 210, pi. 1, f. 4. — Japonia Australi.

Clifanakits, Dana. (U. S. Expl. Exped. Crust, i. 461.) Frons medio acuta.
Annulum ophthalmicum celatum. Oculi longi. Antennarum aciculum robus-
tum. Chelipedes similes, subsequales, manus commisuris verticalibus me-
dianis, non marginalibus ; digitis horizontalibus, apicibus cornels excavatis.

Typus, C vulgaris, Dana; 1. c. i. 462. Pagurus clibanarius, {KeThst.)
Latr., il. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 227. — Mari Orientali.

C. oculatus. Pagurus oculaius, Fabr., M. Edw. ; His. Nat. des Crust, ii.
226.— Gallia.

C. crassimanus. Pagurus crassimanus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust.
ii. 227. — Mari Pacifico.

C. tuberculosus. Pagurus tuberculosus. M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 229.— Ins. AntiUarum.

C. tricolor. Pagurus tricolor, Gibbes ; Proc. Am. Assoc, 1850, p. 189. —
Florida.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 235

C. lineatus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 462, pi. xxix. f. 2. Pagurus lineatus,
M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. Stis, 1848, v. 62.— Mari Pacifico.

C. striolatus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 463, pi. xxix. f. 3. — Mari Pacifico.

C. nigrit arsis. Pugurus nigritarsis, Lucas; Expl. Alger. Crust, pi. iii f.
4. — Algeria.

C. vittatus. Pagurus vittatus, Bosc ; Hist, des Crust, ii. 8, pi. xii.
Gibbes ; loc. cit. 189. — Carolina,

C. p ana mens is, Stm. — Panama.

C. sclopetarius. Cancer sclopetarius, Herbst ; Naturg. d. Krabben
und Krebse, ii. 23, pi. xxiii. f. 3. — Ins. Antillarum.

C. longitarsis, Dana; loc. cit. i. 464. Pagurus longitarsis, De Haan ;
1. c. 211, pi. 1. f. 3.— Mari Orientali.

C. inequalis. Pagurus inequalis, De Haan; loc. cit. 210, pi. 1. f. 2. —
Japonia Australi.

C. symmetricus, Dana ; 1. c. i. 464. Pagurus symmetrictis, Randall ; loc.
cit. viii. 133. — Ins. Hawaiensium.

C. t ae n i a t u s . Pagurus tceniatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3tise ser.
1848, V. 62.— Mari Pacifico.

C. cruentatus. Pagurus cruentatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser.
3tiae, 1848, v. 62.— Nova Zelandia.

C. aculeatiis. Pagurus aculeatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser. Stiae,
1848, V. 62.— Australia.

C. elongatus. Pagurus elongatus, M. Edw.; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser.
2ti8e, 1848, v. 62.— Mari Pacifico.

C. asper . Pagurus asper, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser. Stise, 1848, v.
63. — Mari Orientali.

C. se q u a b i 1 i s , Dana ; loc. cit. i. 464, pi. xxix. f. 4. — Ins. Madeirse.

C. zebra, Dana ; 1. c. i. 456, pi. xxix. f. 5. — Ins. Hawaii.

C. virescens, Dana; 1. c. i. 466. Pagurus virescens, Krauss ; Sudafr.
Crust. 56, pi. iv. f. 3. — Africa Austr.

C. bra sinensis, Dana, 1. c. i. 467, pi. xxix. f. 7. — Brasilia.

C. Antillensis, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

C. corallinus. Pagurus corallinus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser.
Stiae, 1848, v. 63.— Mari Pacifico.

C. obesimanus, {Pagurus) Dana ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1851,
V. 271.— Mari Pacifico.

C. humilis, Dana; U. S. Expl. Expd., Crust, i. 469, pi. xxix. f. 9.—
Mari Orientali.

C. pacificus, infra.

? Pagurus Lahillardieri, Savigny ; Egypt ; Crust, pi. ix. f. 2. — Egypt.

IsocHELES, nov. gcu. Carapax antrorsum angustatus, lateribus rectis. An-
nulum opbthalmicum omnino celatum. Oculi elongato-cylindrici, basi con-
tigui, cornels non dilatatis. Antennae perbreves ; aciculo robusto ; flagello
bene ciliato. Chelipedes aequales ; manu liorizontali, commisuris marginalibus,
digitis acuminatis. Pedum 2di. Stiique paris dactyli contorti. Abdominis
maris scutellse et appendices segmentorum validae, longe hirsutfe.

Typus, I. aequimanus. Bernhardus cequimanus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 445,
pi. xxvii. f. 6.

1. Wurdemanni, Stm. — Sinu Mexican©.

2. Abdomen maris appendicibus genitalibus praeditum. Pedes 4ti paris non
clieliformes.

Paguristes, Dana. (U. S. Expl. Expd. Crust, i. 436). Oculi longi. An-
tennae breves, aciculo robusto. Chelipedes similes, plerumque subajquales,
manus commisuris verticalibus, digitis liorizontalibus. Abdomen maris pari-
bus duabus appendicium genitalium praeditum. Abdomen foeminae pari una
appendicium ad basin praeditum, et sacco ovifero instructum.

Typus, P. hirtus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 437, pi. xxviii. f. 2. — Chili.
1858.]

236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

P. tomentosiis, Pagurus ?07«e?!tosHS, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat., ser.
3tia?, 1848, v. 64.— Chili ?

P. turgidus. Clibanarius turgidus, Stm. ; Crust, et Echin. Pacific Coast
of N. Am., p. 44. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. pi. xxi. f. 1. — Oregonia.

P. We dd e 1 li . Pagurus Weddelli, M. Edw. ; Ann. des So. Nat. ser. 3tise,
1848, V. 64.— Peru.

P. maculatus. Pagurus maculatus, Risso ; Roux ; Crust. Medit., pi.
xxiv. f. 1-A. M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 231. — Mari Mediterraneo.

P. Gamianus. Pagurus Gamianus, M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii.
235. — Promontorio Bonae Spei.

P. setosus. Pagurus setosus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 3ti8e, 1848,
V. 64. — Papua.

P. gonagrus . Pagurus gonagrus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 233.
— China.

P. pilosus. Pagurus pilosus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 2dae, vi.
282, pi. xiv. f. 1.— Nova Zelandia.

P. frontalis. Pagurus frontalis, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. Sdse,
vi. 283, pi. xiii. f. 3. — Australia.

P. longirostris, Dana; loc. cit. ; i. 436, pi. xxviii. f. 1. — Mari Orien-
tali.

P. brevicornis. Pagurus hrevicornis, Guerin.

P. depressus, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

P. digitalis etseminudus, infra.

h. Maxillipedes externi basi valde remoti, coxis quam articulis secimdis vix
majoribus. Pedes 4ti vix cheliformes.

Spihopagukus, nov. gen. Carapax depressus, post suturam transversam
membranaceus ; suturis cardiaco-branchialibus vitta cornea lineari corroboratis.
Oculi breves, corneis dilatatis. Antennae grandes, aciculo e basi gracili. Vir-
gula (appendix genitalis coxae pedum 5ti paris,) sinistra longe exserta,
spiralis, compressa, membranacea ; margine superiore vitta cornea firmata.
Abdominis segmentum ultimum bifidum, furcis serratis.

Typus, S. spiriger. Pagurus spiriger, De Haan ; loc. cit. 206, pi. xlix. f.
2. — Japonia.

S. <l i s p a r , Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

EcPAGURus, Brandt, restrictum. (Vide Middendorffii Sibirisehe Reise, Zool.
i. 105). Bernhardus, Dana. Frons medio acuta. Annulum ophthalmicum
apertum, non bracteo liferum. Antennarum aciculum elongatum, e basi
gracile ; flagellum longum. Maxillipedes externi sat grandes. Chelipedes
dishniles, insequales, (dexter major,) manus commisuris marginalibus, digitis
horizontalibus.

Typus, E. bernhardus. Pagurus bernhardus, (Lin.) Fabr., M. Edw. ;
Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 215. Pagurus streblonyx Leach. Bernhardus streb-
lonyx, Dana. — Maribus Borealibus.

E. ochotensis, Brandt; Sibirisehe Reise, Zool. i. 108. Bernhardus
armatus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 442, pi. xxvii. f. 2. — Mari Pacifico Boreali.

E. chiroacanthus. Pagurus chiroacanthus, Liljeborg ; Ofvers. af Kongl.
Vet. Akad. Forhandl. xii. 118. — Skandinavia.

E. Dilwyni. Pagurus Dilwyni, Bate ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vii. 320.
— Europa.

E. Forbesii, Pagurus Forbesii, Bell ; Brit. Crust, p. 186. — Mari Brittanico.

E. sculptimanus. Pagurus sculptimanus, Lucas; Expl. Alger, pi. iii. —
Algeria.

E. lae vi s . Pagurus loevis, Thompson ; Bell ; Brit. Crust, p. 184. — Europa.

E. Hyndmanni, Thompson; Bell; Brit. Crust, p. 182. — Mari Brittanico.

E. iilidian us . Pagurus ulidianus, T^hom-pson; Bell; Brit. Crust. 180. —
Mari Britannico.

E. spinimanus. Pagurus spinlmanus, Lucas; Expl. Alger, pi, iii. f. 3.
— Algeria.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 237

E. cuanensis. Pagurus cuanensis, Thompson ; Bell ; Brit. Crust, p. 178.
— Mari Britannico.

E. Prideaiixii. Pagurus Prideauxii, Leach; M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 216.— rEuropa.

E. brevipes. Pagurus brevipes, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. Stise,
1848, V. 60.— Islandia.

E. perlatus. Pagurus perlatus, M. Edw. ; Anu. des Sci. Nat. ser. 3tise,
1848, V. 60. Bernhardus Edwardsii, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 447. — Chili.

E. obesicarpus. Bernhardus obesocarpus, Dana; 1. c. i. 445, pi. xxvii.
f. 5.— Chili ?

E. Gr a y i . Pagurus Gaiji, Nicolet ; in Gayi Chile, Zool. iii. 190, Crust, pi.
i. f. 6.— Chili.

E. villosus. Pagurus villosus, Nic. ; in Gayi Chile, Zool. iii. 188, Crust,
pi. i. f. 5.— Chili.

E. forceps . Pagurus forceps, M. Edw. ; Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 2dae, vi.
pi. xiii. f. 5. Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 221 ; Nicolet; in Gayi Hist, de Chile,
Zool. iii. 189.— Chili.

E. longicarpus. Pagurus longicarpus, Say ; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philada. i. 165. — Virginia.

E. Mertensii, Brandt; Sibir. Reise, Zool. 112. — Mari Pacifico Boreall.

E. splendescens. Pagurus splendescens, Owen in Beechey's Voy. Zool.
81, pi. XXV. f. 1. — Mari Pacifico Boreali.

E. angulatus. Pagurus angulutus, Risso ; M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des
Crust, ii. 217. — Mari Mediterraneo.

E. nieticulosus. Pagurus ineticulosus, Roux ; Crust, de la Medit.pl.
xlii. — Mari Mediterraneo.

E. a 1 a t u s . Pagurus alatus, Fabr. ; Suppl. 413. — Islandia.

E. pubescens. Pagurus pubescens, Kroyer ; Naturh. Tidsskrift, ii. 251.
— ^Maribus Septentrionalibus.

E. Kroyeri, Stm. — Maribus Septentrionalibus.

E. hirsutiusculus, Stm.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. Bernhardus hir-
sutitisculus, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 443, pi. xxvii. f. 3. — Oregonia ; Japonia Boreali.

E. Samuelis, Stm. ; Crust, et. Echiu. Pacific Coast of N. Am., p. 42. —
Mari Pacifico Boreali.

E. granosimanus, Stm. — California.

E. scabriculus. Bernhardus scabriculus, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philada. Jan. 1852. B. pubescens, Dana ; U. S. Expl. Exped. Crust, i. 444,
pi. xxvii. f. 4. — America Australi ?

E. Middendorffii, Brandt; Sibir. Reise, Zool. i. 108, pi. v. f. 1. — Marl
Pacifico Boreali.

E. confer mis. Pagurus conformis, De Haau ; loc. cit. 206. — Japonia.

E. cristatus. Pagurus cristatus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 218.
— Nova Zelandia.

E. N o V i-Z e 1 a n d i se . Bernhardus Novi-Zeland'ice, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 440,
pi. xxvii. f. 1. — Novi-Zelandia.

E. tenuimanus. Bernhardus tenuimanus, Dana; loc. cit. i. 447, pi.
xxvii. f. 7. — Oregonia.

E. criniticornis. Bernhardus criniticornis, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 448, pi.
xxvii. f. 8. — Brasilia.

E. operculatus, Stm. — Florida.

E. brevidactylus, Stm. — Ins. Antillarum.

E. pollicaris. Pagurus pollicaris, Sa,y ; .Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada.
i. 162. — Virginia.

E. comptus. Pagurus comptus, White ; Ann. Mag. Hist. i. 224. — Ins.
"Falkland."

E. megalops, gracilipes, constans, pectinatus, trigono-
cheirus, pilosipes, angustus, Japonicus, sinuatus, tri-
carinatus, et acantholepis, infra.

18.58.]

238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

E. mbrovittatus. Pagurus rubrovittatus, Lucas ; Expl. Alger. — Algeria.
? Pagurus lanuginosus, De Haan ; loc. cit. 207, pi. xlix. f. 5. — Japonia.
? Pagurus Gaudichaitdi, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 188. — Chili.
? Pagurus pictus, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 220. — Gallia.
? Pagurus pustulatus, M. Edw. ; Ann. des. Sc. Nat. ser. 3tiae, 1848, v. 60. —
Gorea.

^GLEIDEA. Genus unicum ^Eglea ; — conf. Dana ; U. S. Expl. Exped., 1.
476.

Synopsis GALATHEIDEORUM.

Galathea, Fabr., Desmarest. (Consid. sur les Crust, p. 188.) Maxillipedes
extern! mediocres, articulis ultimo penultimoque non dilatatis. Frons rostrata,
rostro triangulari.

Typus, G. strigosa, Fabr., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 273. Can-
cer strigosus, Lin. — Europa.

G. squamifera, Leach, M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 275. Cancer
squamifer, Montagu. G. Fabricii, Leach. — Europa.

G. n e X a , Embleton, Bell ; Brit. Crust, p. 204. — Mari Britanico.

G. Andrewsi, Kinalian ; Nat. Hist. Review, iv. 228, pi. xvi. f. 8. —
Mari Hibernico.

G. t r i d e n t a t a , Esmark ; Forliandl. ved de Skandinavlske Naturforske-
res synvende mode, i. 239. — Skandinavia.

G. intermedia, Liljeb. ; Ofvers. af k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1851, p. 21.—
Skandinavia.

G. serricornis, Loven ; Ofvers. af k. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1852, p. 22. —
Skandinavia.

G. monodon,M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 276. — Chili.

G. latirostris, Dana ; loc. cit. i. 480, pi. xxx. f. 8. — Mari Pacifico.

G. spinosirostris, Dana ; 1. c. i. 480, pi. xxx. f. 9. — Ins. Hawaien-
sium.

G. vitiensis, Dana ; I. c i. 481, pi. xxx, f. 10. — Mari Pacifico.

G. longirostris, Dana ; 1. c i. 482, pi. xxx, f. 11. — Mari Pacifico.

G. elegans; "WTiite ; Voy. Samarang, Crust, pi. xii. f. 7. — Ins. Phillipinis.

G. int egr iros tr 1 s , Dana; 1. c. i. 482, pi. xxx, f. 12 — Ins. Hawaien-
sium.

G. Australie n si s, labidolepta, orientalis, aca n tbo me r a,
pubescens, subsquamata et grandirostris, infra.

MuNiDA, Leacb ; Desmarest. (Consid. sur les Crust, p. 190.) Maxillipedes
extern! eis Galathece similes. Frons tricuspis.

Typus, M. bam ffia, White ; Cat. Brit. Crust. 1850, p. 30. Astacus Bamffius,
Pennant. Galathea rugosa, Fabr., M. Edw. G. longipeda, Lam'k. Munida
rugosa, Leach. Munida Rondeletli, Bell. — Mar! Britanico.

M. subrugosa, Dana; loc. cit., 1, 479, pi. xxx. f. 7. Galathea subru-
gosa, "White. — Mari Antarctico.

M. J a p 0 n ! c a, infra.

Gkhiothea, Leach, M. Edw. (Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 277.) Maxillipedes
extern! elongati, articulis ultimo peuultimoque dilatatis.

Typus, G. g r e g a r ! a. Leach ; M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 277.
Galathea gregaria, Fabr. — Mari Pacifico.

Index Specierum Expeditionis.

Deomidea.

276. Dromidia spongiosa, nov. sp. Parva. Fa:m!nce corpus pedesque dense
spongioso-tomentosa. Carapax inequalis, puteis in tomentum excavatis. Su-

[Dec,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 239

perficies sub tomento glabra. Frons valde deflexa, triangularis, acuta, longi-
tudinaliter profunde canaliculata, ut videtur bicuspis ; marginibus levibus,
flexuosis, ad angulos internos orbitarum parce 1-dentatis. Margiues orbitarum
non dentati, sed angulis externis fissi. Margo antero-lateralis valde convexus,
integer. Maxillipedum externorum merus margine antico minus quam in D.
hirsutissiina obliquus. Chelipedes mediocres, superficie leeves ; manu sat brevi,
digitis non deflexis, intus dentatis, basiexceptanudis. Pedes penultimi brev-
issimi, comi^ressi, extremitatibus truncati ; pedes ultimi longiores et graciliores.
Abdomen medio obtuse carinatum, utrinque canaliculatum ; segmento ultimo
magno, quam penultimus dimidia longiore ; appendicibus penultimi celatis.
Color viventium ruber. Carapacis long. 0*42 ; lat. 0*52 poll.
Hah. — Prope Promontorium Bonse Spei ; in fundo saxoso prof. 20 org.

277. Dromidia excavata, nov. sp. Descr. foeminse jun. Pubescens. Cara-
pax valde convexus, sequalis, lateribus fere parallelis ; regionibus hepaticis
antice excavatis. Frons parva, profunde excavata vel bifida, et dente mediano
acuto interne instructa. Dens supra-orbitalis parvus. Angulus orbitse ex-
ternus non dentiformis. Margo antero-lateralis edentatus, angulo hepatico
escepto. Sulcus latei'alis profundus, dentem lateralem sat validum formans.
Maxillipedum externorum merus margine antico obliquus, angulo externo ob-
tusus. Chelipedes parvi, angulosi, superficiebus Iseves ; dente carpi superiore
valido ; manu edentata extus setis seriatis ornata, digitis compressis quam
palma vix brevioribus. Abdomen obtuse carinatum. Pilus superficiei inferi-
oris densus, quasi excavatus, setis longioribus segmenta abdominis et pedum
circumdantibus. Carapacis long. 0'37 ; lat. 0*35 poll.

Hah. — In portu Jacksoni Australise ; inter spongias e prof, sex org.

278. Cyyptodrojiia coroxata, nov. sp. Maris adulti carapax latior quam
longior, aequaliter convexas, subtiissime asperus, breviter pubescens ; sulco
distincto. Frons perlata, quinque-dentata, dentibus superocularibus inclusis ; —
dentibus fere fequalibus, validis, coniois, siibacutis. Dens infra-orbitalis dentes
frontales fere aequans. Margo antero-lateralis quinque-dentatus, dente secundo
subhepatico ; dentibus tertio et quarto validis, bilobatis, lobo antico acuto,
postico late rotundato. Pedes nodosi, nodis validis parum numerosis, inter-
stitiis reticulatis. Chelipedes aequales, digitis valde hiantibus, apicibus den-
tatis ; dactylo leviter compresso extus concavo. Pedes ultimi quam penul-
timi multo longiores. Abdomen; latum ; segmento ultimo multo latiore qiiam
longiore ; segmento penultimo augustiore ; tertio quartoque singulo quadri-
spinosis, spinis brevibtis ; quinto parce bispinoso. Color luteus, interdum fiasco-
maculatus. Digiti rosei. Carap. long. 0*525 ; lat. 0-56.

Hah. — Ad insulas "Bonin;" inter madreporas ad prof, pedum sex.

279. Cryptodromia lateralis. Dromia lateralis, Gray ; Zool. Misc. p. 40. —
In portu "Jackson" Austr. ; inter rupes et spongias, prof. 1-6 org.

280. Cryptodromia tuberculata, nov. sp. Carapax latus, Isevis, vix pubes-
cens. Frons lata parum prominens, quinque-dentata, dentibus supra- ocn-
laribus inclusis ; — dentibus subsequalibus, obtusis, dente mediano solum sat
acuto. Margo lateralis quadridentatus, dentibus duobus anticis hepaticis,
validis tuberculiformibus, dente primo ab angulo orbitte sat remote, dente ter-
tio elongato non prominente, quarto ad sulcum. Regio subhepatica serie arcu-
ata dentium armata, et dentibus duobus ad angulum antero-lateralem areas
buccalis. Clielipedes valide tuberculati, tuberculis conicis, tribus magnis et
decem parvis in carpo, 20 ad 25 magnitudine variabilibus in manu plerumque
in ejus facie externa. Manns intus dense tomentosa. Digiti maris hiantes, valde
compressi. Pedes 2di 3tiique verrucosi v. dentati ; carpo superne 4-5 dentato.
Abdominis fojminje segmenta tertium quartum quintumque tuberculata, sin-
gulo tuberculis quatuor, in serie transversa ; duobus medianis, duobus late-
ralibus. Abdomen maris minus tuberculatum. $ Carap. long. 0'43 ; lat.
0 52 poll.

[Nov.

240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Hab. — In freto "Gaspar;" ad insulam " Kikaisima, " et iu sinu "Kago-
sima ;" litoralis inter lapides.

-81. — Cryptodromia tumida, nov. sp. Carapax lavis, breviter pubescens,
convexus, regionibus gastrica et hepaticis valde tumidus, postfrontem abriiptus.
Frons ei C tuherculatce similis, sed dentibus lateralibus quam medianus magis
prominentibus. Margo antero-lateralis dentibus tribus parvis sequalibus tii-
berculiformibus armatus ; dente primo ab angulo orbitse, tertio a sulco late-
rali, — sat remoto. Eegio siibhepatica tuberculo uno valido post angulum or-
bitse, unoque ad angulum arese buccaliSj ornata. Chelipedes sparsim verru-
cosi, carx^o 3^ tuberculato ; nianu sujierne fere quadri-tuberculata, extus
laevi vel obsolete granulata, granulis seriatis ; digitis maris valde hiantibus,
fosmince compressis non hiantibus. Pedes 2di Stiique forte angulosi, vix verru-
cosi ; carpi margine superiore intus dilatato, valde convexo, laevi. Color lute-
us ; digitis medio roseis. 6 Carap. long. 0'38 ; lat. 0-45 poll.

Hab. — In sinu " Fou-kow, " insulae "Ousima."

282. Cryptodromia canaliculata, nov. sp. Carapax convexus, pubescens
fere hirsutus, inaequalis, juxta margines frontales et antero-laterales canalicu-
latus, canaliculo fere nudo. Sulcus gastro-cardiaca sat profunda. Frons
prominens, dentibus tribus medianis acutis, dentibus supra-ocularibus parvu-
lis. Angulus orbitse externus acutus. Dens suborbitalis valde prominens.
Margo antero-lateralis dentatus, inter orbitam et dentem primum concavas,
carinatus ; dente primo valido, acuto, secundo mediocre, tertio ad sulcum sito.
Regio subliepatica antice concava, area carinis bene circumscripta, angulis
dentiformibus. Pedes hirsuti. Chelipedes lis C. tmnidoe similes, Bianu ssepius
superficie esteriore seriato-granulatus. Pedes 2di Stiique subverrucosi, carpo
superne fere concava. Abdomen laeve. 9 Caraj). long. 0'31 . lat. 036 poll.

Hab. — In freto ''Gaspar" et ad instilas "Loo-choo" et "Kikaisima;"
inter rupes algosos, littoralis vel sublittoralis.

283. Deomia Rumphii, Fabr., M. Edw. ; Hist. Nat. des Crust, ii. 174. De
Haan ; Fauna Japon. Crust, pi. xxxii. — In portu "Hong Kong;" in fundo
limoso prof. 4-10 org.

284. PsEUDODROMiA LATENS, nov. sp. Descr. maris (jun. ?). Corpus breviter
pubescens, marginibus subciliatis. Carapax angustus, elongatus, convexus,
laevissimus ; antice contractus, post sulcum paiiUo dilatatus. Margines late-
rales Iseves. Frons valde angusta, triangularis, fere rostriformis, apice setosa,
obscure tridentata. Dens supra-ocularis fere obsoletus. Orbita extus sub-
tusque absque dentibus. Frons septo inter antennulari disjuncto, hiatu an-
gusto. Chelipedes Iseves, digitis acute dentatis. Pedes 2di 3tiique Iseves, un-
guiculis longis acutis. Abdomen maris longum, extremitate acuminatum.
Color pallide fulvus. Carap. long. 0-38 ; lat. 0-27 ; pedum 5ti paris long.
0-39 poll.

Hab. — In sinu " Simon's Bay " ad Promontorium Bonse Spei ; fundo arenoso
prof. 12 org.

285. Petalomeea granulata, nov. sp. Carapax modice convexus, sparsim
sed valide granulatus. Frontis dens medianus inferior minutus ; denes
laterales grandes valde prominentes. Dens supra-ocularis parvus. Fissura
orbitalis externa clausa. Margo antero-lateralis dentibus tribus parvis incon-
picuis inter angulum orbitae et sulcum lateralem armatus, dente primo sub-
hepatico. Pedes sex antici granulati, quatuor postici la^ves. Chelipedes cris-
tali, cristis carpi manusque granulatis, apice tuberculigeris. Digiti breves,
non hiantes, extremitatibus cornels in lateribus externis colliculis definitis.
Color aurantius, rubro-maculatus. % Carap. long. 0-36 ; lat. 0*33 poll.

Hub. — In sinu " Kagosima " Japoniae ; fundo conchoso, prof. 20 org.

286. CoxcHCECETES AETiFiciosus. Cancer artificiosus, Herbst ; Naturg. d. Krab-

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 241

ben und Krebse, iii. 54: pi. Iviii. f. 5. — In portu " Hong Kong " Sinensi ; — in
valvis generis Ci/therce e fundo conchoso j)rof. 8-10 org.

Raninidea.

287. CosMONOTus Grayii, Adams et White ; Voy. Samarang, Crust, p. 60 ;
pi. xiii. f. 3. — In mari prope promontorium borealem insulae Formosse ; e fundo
arenoso ad prof. 90 org.

Pokcellanidea.

288. Petrolisthes speciosds. Porcellana. speciosa, Dana ; U. S. Expl. Exped.,
Crust, i. 417. pi. xxvi. f. 8. — In portu "Hong Kong," in sinu "Kagosima,"
et ad insulas " Ousima " et "Bonin;'" litoralis, rupicolus, sub lapidibus in-
venitus.

289. Petrolisthes pubescens, nov. sp. Corpus pedesque superne pubes-
centia ; margines ciliati. Carapax subovatus, parce longior quam latior ; late-
ribus non cristatis, obtuse rotundatis, spina niinuta post orbitam armatis.
Prons paulluni trilobata ; lobo mediano magno, obtuso, prominente ; trian-
gulari ; lateralibus minutis. Maxillipedum externorum ischium apice externo
non prodiictum. Chelipedes superne laeves, partim subtiliter spinulosi. Margo
carpi anticus 5-6 dentatus^-dentibus magnitudine variabilibus, majoribus den-
ticulatis ; margo posticus sparsim spinosus. Margo exterior dactyli denticu-
latus. Pedum ambulatoriorum merus margine superiore spiuulosus. Color
viventium cseruleo-albus, purpureo-maculatus. % Carapacis long. 0'31 ; lat.
0*295 ; manus majoris long. 0"46 ; lat. 0'19 poll. Affinis P. tomentosce, (Dana,)
sed carapace latiore, magis depresso et sequali ; maxillipedibus externis trans-
versim striatis ; margine externo manus et meri ped. amb. toto spinuloso.

Hab. — In sinu "Fu-kow" insula "Ousima "; littoralis inter rupes.

290. Petrolisthes hastatus, nov. sp. Carapax depressus, medio Icevis, an-
tice et lateraliter transversim striatus ; lateribus vix cristatis, post orbitas non
spinigeris. Frons bene triangulata, prominens. Maxillipedum externorum
ischium apice externo non productum. Chelipedes sequaliter depresso-gra-
nulati. Carpus antice 3-4-dentatus, dentibus elonga:tis parum prominentibus ;
margine posteriore non spinuloso, sed extus valde producto vel hastigero.
Pedum ambulatoriorum merus suijerne sparsim spinulosus. Color viventium
olivaceus, subtiliter albo-maculatus. 9 Carap. long. 0-47 ; lat. C-46 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulas "Ousima" et "Kikaisima"; littoralis in portibus.

291. Petrolisthes Japonicus. Porcellana Japonica, De Haan ; loc. cit. 199,
pi. 1, f. 5. — In portu " Simoda " Japonife, etad insulas "Bonin'', "Kikaisima"
"Amakirrima". Etiamad oras Sinenses.

292. Raphidopus ciliatus, nov. sp. Margines corporis pedumque dense et
longe ciliati. Carapax pubescens, leviter areolatus, transversim rugatus,
retrorsum utrinque breviter transversim cristata. Margo lateralis valde con-
vexus, post antennam fissus, medio bi-denticulatus. Frontis denies parvi,
medianus prominentior. Antennarum articulus primus valde elongatus ; pars
mobilis orbita remota. Eegiones earapacis latero-inferiores forte striati, striis
subdistantibus. Chelipedes grandes, angulares, valde hirsuti ; mero quam
carpus vix tertia parte breviore, superne aspero, inferne spina longa armato ;
carpo quam manus tertia parte breviore, superne aspero, medio longitudinaliter
uni-costato, costa spinulata ; margine carpi anteriore non dilatato, leviter
concave, serrulato ; margine carpi posteriore convexo, 5-spinuloso ; manii
elongato-subtriangulari, superne pauUo tricostata, costis asperis ; digitis
palma longioribus, non hiantibus, intus subtiliter denticulatis, apicibus valde
curvatis decussantibus ; manus majoris dactylo superne subscristato, digito
immobili intus dente valido mediano armato. Pedes ambulatorii graciles,
leviter compressi, mero non dilatato ; dactylis longis rectis acutis non unguicu-
latis. Carapacis long. 0-30 ; lat. 0-39 ; manus majoris long., 0-50 poll.

Ilab. — In portu " Hong Kong " Sinensi ; fundo limoso prof, sex org.
185«.]

242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

293. Pachycheles pectixicaepcs, nov. sp. Carapax latus, glaber, medio
paullo depressus, lateribus obsolete striatus, sinu posteriore Isevi. Lobi^lae
protogastricffi sat prominentes. Frons parum prominens, pubescens. Cheli-
pedes granulati, non sulcati ; granulis magnitudine variabilibus, majoribus
interdum subseriatis. Carpus multo latior quam longior, margiue antico
convexus, dentibus octo parvis sequalibus spiniformibus pectinatus. Manus
majoris digiti liiantes, intus pubescentes. Unicolor, lacteo-flavus. Carap.
long. 0-30 ; lat. 0-345 ; maniis maj. long. 0-37 ; lat. 0-225 poll.

294. Pachycheles Stevensii, nov. sp. Carapax late ovatus, non areolatus,
antrorsum paullo obsolete granulatus, medio glaber, punctatus, lateribus leviter
transversim striatus, sinu posteriore non profundo, late rotundato. Frons sat
prominens, subtriangularis, parce pubescens. Chelipedes robusti, granulati ;
majoris mero transversim striato ; carpo lato, margine anteriore tridentato,
dentibus prominentibus, truncatis, denticulatis, dente interno bifido; manu
granulata, granulis magnis lobulatis, valde prominentibus; digitis non hian-
tibus ; digito immobili triangulato, intus basi parce pubescente. Chelipedis
minoris carpus antice convexus, prominens, leviter tridentatus ; manus longitu-
dinaliter bisulcata; digiti non tomentosi. Pedes ambulatorii sparsim setosi,
setis brevibus robustis ; dactylis robustis, unguiculis multo curvatis. '^ Carap.
long. 0-50 ; lat. 0-525; manus maj. long. 0-64; lat. 0-36 poll.

Hab. — Ad oras occidentales insulcE " Jesso," Japoniae.

295. PoRCELLANA ORKATA, uov. sp. Carapax subovatus, antice areolatns,
lobulis protogastricis ct bepaticis prominentibus. Margines laterales cristati,
vix denticulati. Orbita in margine superiore profunde excavata. Regio fron-
talis profunde canaliculata. Frons subtriangularis, utrinque excavata, dente
mediano valde prominente, lateralibus obsoletis ; margine subtiliter denticulata.
Chelipedes fere aequales, sat lati et depressi, superne costis inequaliter tuber-
culatis insculpti, inferne obsolete squamulati ; carpo oblongo-quadrato, longi-
tudinaliter bi-costato, margine antico recto et laevi, lobula parvula denticulata
interna excepta; margine carpi postico denticulate. Manus lata, depressa,
costa mediana paullo prominente, margine externo lae^-i, acuto, ciliato; digitis
brevibus non contortis, non hiantibus, dactylo paullo longiore. Pedes ambu-
latorii subpilosi. '5 Carap. long. 0-26; lat."o-235; manus long. 0-36; lat. 0-18
poll.

Rab. — In portu "Hong Kong."

296. PoRCELLANA sERRATiFEONS, uov. sp. Carapax depressus, non longior
quam latior, fere laevis, glaber, interdum partim pubescens, lateraliter leviter
striatus, antice contractus, postice late rotundatus. Margines cristati, medio
1-2 denticulati, etprope antennarum insertionem bi-spinulosi. Angulus orbitae
externus acutus. Frons tridentata, dentibus prominentibus, triangularibus,
dente mediano majore sed quam laterales vix promineutiore ; margine spinulis
serrato. Antennarum pedunculi spinuligeri. Maxillipedes externi transversim
striati, mero quam ischium longiore. Chelipedes maris glabri, puuctati ; meri
angulo prominente, bi-denticulato; carpo utrinque tridentato, (interdum antice
quinque-dentato.) dentibus parvulis, terminalibus acutis ; manus costa vel
angulo mediana generaliter minus prominente, obtuso ; digitis contortis, intus
pilosis. Manus minor margine externo spinulosus ; digiti immobilis extremitate
profunde bifida. Manus foeminae extus pubescens; crista mediana tuberculata.
Pedes ambulatorii setosi. § Carap. long. 0-32 ; lat. 0-32 ; manus maj. long.
0-53; lat. 0-19 poll.

Hab. — In portu " Hong Kong."

297. PoRCELLANA DisPAR, nov. sp. Carapax paullo inequalis. glaber, lateribus
pubescens. Margo lateralis prope medium bidenticulatus, et supra antennae
insertionem spinula armatus. Marge orbitalis superior minus concavus. Frons
superne visa fere recta, parce convexa, medio acute deflexa; angulis internis
orbitarum vix prominentibus. Chelipedes valde inaequales ; major laevis ; carpo

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 243

medio angulato, margine antico undulato ; manu lata nuda, non contorta;
digitis piinctatis, dactjlo curvato, intus unidentato. Manua minor valde angu-
laris, angulo mediano acuto ; margine externo pubescente ; digitis valde con-
tortis et curvatis intus excavatis lanosis. Chelipedis minoris carpus margine
antice bidentatus, dentibus obtusis. Color pallide coccineus ; digitis purpureis.
2 Carap. long. 0-24; lat. 0'22 ; maniis maj. long. 0-38; lat. 0-18 poll.
Hab. — In portu Jacksoni vel "Sydney" Australiae ; littoralis sub lapidibus.

298. PoRCELLANA LATiFRONS, nov. sp. Carapax subquadratus, longior quam
atior, paullo convexus, Ifevis. Lineae marginales distinctae, sed non cristiformes,

medio 3-4 spinulis armat£e, et spina acuta antrorsum porrecta supra antennam.
Regio frontalis minute rugulosa. Frons latissima, laminnta, trilobata, lobo
mediano non prominentiore, quadridentato, lobis lateraliter bidentatis. Oculi
grandes, lateraliter porrecti. Antennse flagellum fere nudum, articulo primo
longo. Maxillipedes externi graciles elongati. Chelipedes fere Iseves, superne
obsolete reticulati ; carpo magno, utrinque tridentato, dentibus parvis ; manu
serie spinularum submarginali armata ; digitis contortis, intus tomentosis.
Manus majoris digiti intus unidentati ; minoris digiti intus excavati. Color
variabilis, obscuro-viridis, variegatus. % Carap. long. 0-25 ; lat. 0-22 poll.
P. armatce, Danje (non Gibbesii) valde affinis, (an differt?) sed fronte paullo
latiore, medio quadridentata et minus depressa.

Hab. — In portu " Hong Kong" vulgaris ; et ad insulam "Ousima"; e prof.
1-4 org. accepta.

299. PoRCELLANA STREPTOCHELES, nov. sp. Corpus meuibraque superne nuda.
Carapax vix aequalis sed regulariter parce convexus, Iccvis, glaber, obsolete
transversim lineolatus, lobulis protogastricis prominentibus. Margines later-
ales convexi, acuti, medio irregulariter denticulati, denticulis duobus majoribus.
Frons nee lata nee prominens, profunde tridentata, dentibus acutis, dente
mediano deflexo, parce majore sed non quam laterales prominentiore, basi
utrinque un-denticulato. Maxillipedes externi graciles, ischio mediocre. Oculi
parvi. Chelipedes grandes, inrequales ; meri apice dentiformi valde prominente ;
carpo Ifevi, utrinque obsolete 2-3 dentato ; manu medio angulari ; manu minora
margine externo obsolete denticulata ; digitis maniis minoris quam majoris
magis contortis, intus late excavatis et pilosis ; dactylo quam digitus immobilis
breviore, intus bidentato ; digito immobili unidentato, extremitate emarginato.
Pedum ambulatoriorum merus gracilis, superne Iseviusculus. Color ruber.

S Carap. long. 0-23 ; lat. 0-215 poll. A P. Dehaani diflfert carapace nudo,
fronte latiore, dente mediano minus prominente ; et margine super-antennario
non denticulato.

Hab. — In sinu "Simon's Bay" ad Promontorium Bonae Spei ; in fundo arenoso
prof. 6-12 org.

300. PoKCELLANA PtJLCHRA, nov. sp. Carapax sat convexus, fequalis, la^vis,
obsolete lineolatus, caeruleo-fuscus, longitudinaliter albo-univittatus. Margo
lateralis convexus, cristatus,, crista laminata paullo resupinata. Frons valde
prominens, laminata, tridentata; dente mediano majore, acute-triangulato ; den-
tibus lateralibus parvis sed acutis. Angulus orbitae externus acutus, subtiliter
serratus. Antennae flagellum fere nudum, articulis oblongis. Regiones latero-
inferiores paullo concavae. Chelipedes parvi graciles, medio longitudinaliter
angulati ; meri apice valde prominente; carpi margine antico unidentato;
manu triangulari, basi gracile, margine externo fere recta, acuta, ciliata.
Pedes ambulatorii parum pilosi, setis plumosis ; mero superne serrulato ; dac-
tylo longitudine dimidiam articuli penultimi adequante. Pedum posticorum
merus brevis. 9 Carap. long. 024; lat. 0-23 poll.

Hab. — In portu "Hong Kong" ; fundo limoso, prof, sex org.

301. PoRCELLANELLA PiCTA, nov. sp. Carapax oblongus, aequalis, laevi?, glaber,
antice et lateraliter leviter striatus ; colore albus, antice maculis ca;ruleis, mar-
ginaiis ornatus. Margo lateralis integer, vix acutus. Sutura infero-lateralis

1858.]

244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

margini approximata. Frons horizontalis, lamiaata, valde prominens, tridentata.
dentibus acutis, dente mediano majore et magis promineate. Antennje cara-
pace pilus duplo longiores ; articulo primo intus acuto prominente. Epimera
oblique striato. Chelipedes sat graciles, crassi, obtusi, laeves, glabri, albi, cseru-
leo-maculati ; angulis anlicis meri iscbiique productis acutis; carpo parvo,
inarginibus lajvi ; manu eloDgata, basi contracta, iatus linea tomentosa longi-
tudinali ornata, intra digitos oriente; digitis gracilibus minuentibus, quasi dis-
tortis ; dactylo maniis raajoris quara digitus immobilis multo breviore. Pedes
ambulatorii parvi laeves, glabri, vix setosi ; dactylo intus quadri-unguiculato,
unguiculis medianis majoribus. Abdominis segmenti ultimi pars mediana tri-
angularis parva, partes laterales grandes. % Carap. long. 0'425 ; lat. 0-34 ; manus
maj. long. 0-59; lat. 0-20 poll.

J£ab. — In portu " Hong Kong"' ; inter laminas Pennatularum e fundo argillaceo
prof, sex org. acceptarum.

302. PoLVONYX SINENSIS, nov. sp. Carapax conrexus, subquadratns, angulis
rotundatus, pallide griseus, obscuro-maculatus. Frons sat lata, leviter convexa.
Chelipedes valde insequales, Ijeves, crassi ; chelipedis majoris mero climidiam
carpi superante, antice non dilato ; carpo quara manu vix breviore, margine
antico dilatato : manu crassa, extus breviter ciliata, intus ad medium sparsim
pilosa ; dactylo quam digitus immobilis breviore ; digitis brevibus, intus leviter
unidentatis, apicibus hamatis. Pedes ambulatorii nudi ; articulo penultimo
subtus 1-2 spinuloso; dactylo tri-unguiculato, unguiculo terminali multo
majore. Carap. long. 0-15; lat. 0-20 ; chelipedis maj. long. 0-52 poll.

llab. — In mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23° ; e fundo conchoso-arenoso prof. 26 org.
acceptus.

HiPPIDEA.

303. Remipes testudinarius, Latreille ; Gen. Crust, et Ins., v. i. p. 45. M.
Edw. ; R. Anim. Crust, pi. xlii. f. 1. — Ad oras iasulae "Ousima"; sublitto-
ralis.

304. Mastigopus gracilis, nov. sp. Carapax perconvexus, sequalis, lineolis
brevibus, transversis, crenulatis, breviter setosis exasperatus ; antrorsum quam
retrorsum magis asper. Frons tridentata, dentibus acutis, mediano triangulari,
lateralibus gracilibus quam medianus longioribus. Margo antero-lateralis sex-
dentatus, dentibus spiniformibus, retrorsum minuentibus. Oculi graciles et
dimidiam antennularum loogitudine superantes. Antennulte tertiam partem
carapacis longitudine adequantes. Maxillipedes externi oblongi, fere rectangu-
lares dimidia parte longiores quam latiores, superficie plani glabri, sparsim
punctati. Chelipedum articuli penultimus et antepenultimus cylindrici, Iseves,
fere nudi ; dactylus carapace longior, setosus, 12-articulatus, articulis elongatis.
Pedes 2di 4ti modice hirsuti, dactylis eis Remipedis similibus. Abdominis seg-
mentum ultimum lanceolatum, crassum, medio longitudinaliter sulcatum et
versus basin bi-carinatum ; extremitate acuminatum. Carapax olivaceus pos-
tice transversim albo-fasciatus. '^ Carap. long. 0-52; lat, 0-36; chelipedis
long. lO.T poll.

}lah. — In mari Sinensi, lat. bor. 23° ; in fundo conchoso ad prof. 20 org.
vulgaris.

305. HiPPA ANALOGA, Stm. ; Crust, et Echin. Pacific Coast of N. Am., p. 4t;;
H. talpoirka, Dana : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad. vii. 175. — California.

LiTHODIDEA.

306. EcHiDSOcERCs C1BARI0S, White ; Proc. Zool. Soc , 1848, p. 47. Annu-
losa, pi. ii. iii. — In portu " Sitka."

307. EcHiDNOCERCs SETiMANUs, Stm. j Crust. et Echin., etc. p. 37. Ctenor-
hinus sctimanus, Gibbons. — California.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 245

308. Hapalogaster DENTATCS. Loniis dsnlatt, Be B.a.a.Q] Fauaa Jap. Crust.,
219, pi. xlviii. f. 2. — In sinu " Hakodadi" iasulae " Jesso " vulgaris ; litoralig
inter lapides algosos. Etiam iu portu " Simoda."

Paguridea.

309. Cenobita porporea, nov. sp. Carapax convexus, antice turgldus, froute
valde contractus ; regione gastrica granulata, granulis antrorsum sparsis, re-
trorsum magis confertis, acutis et setigeris. Regiones branchiales minus
promioeates marginibus fere rectis. Oculi valde compressi, superne subtiliter
granulati, apicibus acute promiaentibus sub angulo recto. Squaniulae ophthal-
micae acutas non denticulatse. Pedes marginibus sat pilosi, subtus extremitates
versus dense hirsuti ; superficie superiore plerumque Ireves, marginibus et es-
tremitatibus spinulosis exceptis. Manus major spinulosa vel acute granulata,
granulis parvulis, nigro-acumiaatis, superne numerosis, extus sparsis. Dactyli
pedum ambulatoriorum spinulosi et pilosi ; ei lateris recti paullo depress! sed
uon angulati. Pedis sinistri tertii paris carpus angulo inferiore productus ;
articuli ultimus et penultimus extus vix couvexi, laeves, punctati ; dactjlus
intus valde convexus, et spinulosus. Coxse pedum posticorum maris valde pro-
ductae ; recta longior, pedes 4ti paris longitudine adequante ; sinistra prope
extremitatem abrnpte angustata, vel margine externo excisa. Anim. long. 4 ;
carap. long. 1'5 ; regionis gastricae long. 0-96 ; frontis lat. 0-31 ; regionis bran-
chialis lat. 0-87 poll. C. perlata, De Haan, (an M. Edw.?) affinis, sed pedibus
setosis, et pede tertio sinistro extus lajvi.

Hab. — Ad insulas " Bonin " et " Amakirrima."

310. Cenobita rugosa, M. Edw.; Hi3t. Nat. des Crust., ii. 241. De Haan ; loc.
cit. 212. Dana ; loc. cit. i. 471. C. cli/peata, Owen. — Ad insulas " Bonin " et
" Tahiti."

311. Cesobita CAviPES, nov. sp. Regie gastrica quam cardiaca vix lougior.
Regiones branchiales angulis posticis valde salientes, lateribus paullo concavae.
Regio gastrica vel anterior superficie fere planata, medio punctata, lateribus
scabricula et setosa. Prons contracta, dentibus lateralibus acurainatis. Oculi
longi, compressi, superne scabriculi, apicibus obtusi. Squamulas ophthalmicae
acutae, marginibus integris. Pedes fere nudi, superne fere Iwves, versus ex-
tremitates spinulosi. Manus major superficie externa superne granulata, in-
ferne Isevissima ; granulis albis, oblongis, depressis, superioribus nigro-
apiculatis exceptis. Dactylus pedis tertii recti fere cylindricus. Pes tertius
sinister angularis ; articulopenultimo superficie externa postice convexo et sub-
tiliter granulate, antice laevi et paullo concava, superficie superiore planata,
aatice angulo prominente e latere separata, margine inferiore postice concavo,
antice convexe; dactylo quadriangulato, extus Icevi et versus basin profunde
concavo, angulis internis spinulosis. Coxae pedum posticorum maris non pro-
ductse. Anim. long, circiter 3 ; carap. long. 0-95 ; regionis gastricae long. 0-50 ;
frontis lat. inter apices dentium 0-22 ; carap. lat. ad regiones branchiales 0-66
poll. A O. compressa, M. Edw., difFert marginibus branchialibus non convexis.
A C. ruffosa differt coxis pedum posticorum maris non productis.

Hab. — Insula " Loo Choo."

312. Diogenes custos, Dana. Payurus custos,FBihr.,ll. Fdw. : Hist. Nat. des
Crust., ii. 236. — In portu " Sydney" Australiensi.

313. DioGE.VES brevirostris, nov. sp. Carapax fere laevis, sed lateribus sca-
briculus, marginibus autice 5-6 spinulosus. Rostrum mobile marginibus in-
tegrum, quam squamulse ophthalmicae brevius. Frontis dentes obtusi, laterales
magis prominentes. Squamulse ophthalmicae et aciculum antennarum iis D.
Sdwardni similes. Chelipes grandis nudus, superne granulatus, granulis mi-
nutis, subspiniformibus ; superficie inferiore glaber, obsolete granulatus ; carjii
maniisque margine superiore serrate, dentibus minutis, (decern in carpo); manu
margine inferiore acute granulata, crista obliqua faciei exterioris 7-8 spinulosa ;
dactylo superne costato, cestis granulatis. Chelipes dexter vel minor pilosus,

1858.] 18

246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

margine superiore spinulatus, spinalis acutissimis. Pedes 2di Stiique graciles
clielipedem majorem superantes ; articulo antepenultimo margine denticulate ;
penultimo superne fere Isevi ; dactylis compressis, hirsutis. Anim. long. 1-25 ;
carap.long. 0-29; frontislat. 0*135 ; chelip. mag. long. 0-45 poll. A D. custody
differt rostro breviore, integro.

Uab. — la sinu " Simon's Bay" ad Promontorium Bonae Spei ; in fundo arenoso
prof. 12 org.

314. Diogenes EDWARDSii. Pagurus Udivardsii, De Haan ; loc. cit., 211, pi. 1,
f. 2. Specimina tota quae observavi actiniam parasiticam in manu sinistra si-
tam gerunt. — In mari Sinensi, lat. bor. cireiter 23°; in fundo arenoso prof. 20-
30 org. Etiam in portu " Hong Kong."

315. Diogenes penicillatus, nov. sp. Frontis dens medianus obtusus, ro-
tundatus ; dentes laterales acuminati, quam medianus magis prominentes.
Rostrum mobile acutissimum, spiniforme, apices squamularum ophthalmicarum
rix attingens. Oculi longitudine quara frontis latitudo tertia parte breviores,
sed pedunculum antennarum panllo superantes ; cornels non dilatatis. Squam-
ulss ophthalmicae latae, extus subarcuatae, apice 2-3 spinulosse. Antennarum
flagellum inferne ciliatum. Chelipes sinister robustus, forma fere ut in D.
Edivardsii ; mero trigono, marginibus totis crenulatis ; carpo manuque extus
acute granulatis vel spinulosis, intus depresso-granulosis ; carpo margine su-
periore 10-12 denticulato ; manu extus pilis tenuibus densis penicillata, area
pilosa postice crista transversa denticulata terminata ; manu superne spinulis
bi-seriatis armata. Chelipes rectus sparsim pilosus. Pedes ambulatorii eis
D. Edwardsii ievQ simWts. Long, 1; carap. long. 0'26; frontislat. 0'13 ; che-
lipedis grandis long. 0-34 poll. A D. spinifronte, pedibus pilosis differt.

Hub. — In mari Pacifico prope oras orientales insulae " Niphon," lat. bor. 38° :
e fundo arenoso prof. 30 org. acceptus.

316. Paqubus asper, De Haan; (non M. Edw.) loc. cit., 208, pi. xlix. f. 4.
Dana ; !oc. cit., i. 450, — Ad insulam " Ousima"; littoralis, inter lapides.

317. Pagurus difformis, M. Edw.; Ann. des So. Nat., ser. 2d8e, vi. 272, pi.
xiii. f. 4. — Ad insulam Ousima.

318. Pagurus SC0LPTIPES, nov. sp. Carapax glaber, nudus. Oculi longitu-
dine frontem adequantes, sed extremitatem pedunculi antennularum vix attin-
gentes. Squamulse ophthalmicae prope apicem 4-spinulosaB, spinulis aequalibus.
Antennarum pedunculus oculis brevior, aciculum parvum, gracile. Pedes longe
pilosi, superne breviter spinulosi. Manus sinister articulum ped, amb. penul-
timum vix superans ; marginibus aequaiiter crenulatis ; superficie inferiore lasvi.
Pedis amb. tertii sinistri articuli ultimus penultimusque lati, extus profunde
excavati, superficie transversim eleganter sulcati, medio longitudinaliter costati,
marginibus crenulati, et ciliati. % Long. 1-5; carap. long. 0-34; frontis lat.
0-165 poll. Fades P. punctulati. A P. setifero differt pede sinistro extus trans-
versim striato.

Hab. — In sinu " Kagosima" Japoniae.

319. Pagurds punctulatus, Oliv.; Dana; loc, cit., i. 451, pi. xxviii. f. 4 —
In freto " Gaspar," et ad insulam " Loo Choo ;" sublittoralis.

320. Pagurus striatus, Latr.; M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust,, ii. 218. — In
sinu " Funchal " ad insulam Madeirse ; e prof. 30 org.

321. Pagurus platythorax, nov. sp. Valde depressus. Carapax superficie
dorsali glaber, nudus. Oculi sat grandes, pedunculos antennarum superantes.
Squamulae ophthalmicae basi intus unidentatse, apice bidentat^. Aciculum
parvum. Pedes irregulariter pilosi. Chelipedes parvi aequales, superne paullo
asperi non spinulosi. Sternum latum, planatum, triangulare, inter chelipedes
sat latum, sutura nulla inter segmenta pedum primi et secundi paris. Maxilli-
pedes externi graciles, superficie externa planati, basi valde aperti et ad apicem

Dec]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 247

sterni distincte juncti. Pedes amb. depress!, non spinosi. Abdominis segmen-
tura ultimum extremitate aequaliter lobatum. Long. 1-4; carapacis long. 0-32;
frontis lat. 0-28 ; clielipedis long. 0-45 poll. P. scabrimano (Dana;) facie affinis
sed magis depressus, sternoque dilatato.

Hab. — Ad insulam " Loo Choo"; in testis Coni generis.

322. Aniculus typicus, Dana ; loc. cit., i. 461, pi. xxix. f. 1. Pagurus anicu-
lus, Fabr. — In portu " Simoda " Japoniae.

323. Calcinus tibicen, Dana ; 1. c. i.45'7. Pagurus iibicen, (Herbst,) M. Edw-
— Ad insulas " Bonin," " Ousima " et " Loo Choo."

324. CALCi>fUS tATENS, Dana; 1. c., i. 459, pi. xxviii. f. 11. Pagurus latens
Randall. — Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

325. Calcinus elegans, Dana; 1. c, i. 458, pi. xxviii. f. 10. Pagurus elegans.
M. Edw.— Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

326. Clibanarius longitabsis, Dana ; 1. c, i. 464. Pagurus longitarsis, De
Haan. — Ad insulam " Loo Choo."

327. Clibanarius VULGARIS, Dana ; I. c, i. 462. Pagui-vs clibanarius, (Eerhst.)
Latr. — In portu " Hong Kong " ; in fiindo argillaceo, prof. 4 org ; et in freto
" Gaspar."

328. Clibanarius striolatus, Dana; loc. cit., i. 4G3, pi. xxix. f. 3. — Ad insu-
lam " Loo Choo."

329. Clibanarius globosimanus, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philada., v.
271. a coraUinus? D.; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 468, pi. xxix. f. 8, (an
M. Edw.?) — Ad insulam " Loo Choo " vulgaris, sublittoralis.

330. Clibanarius ^quabilis, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., Cr. i. 4c4. — Ad in-
sulam Madeirae ; e fundo arenoso prof. 20 org. acceptus.

331. Clibanarius pacificus, nov. sp. C. tequabili valde affinis, sed pedibus
magis pilosis, manu inferne leviore, dactylo ped. amb. paullo longiore. Color
obscuro-olivactus ; pedes 2di et 3tii paris flavi ; digiti rubri. Long. 1-25;
carap. long. 0-39 ; frontis lat. 0-16 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulas " Tanegasima " et " Ousima " ; littoralis inter rupes.

332. Paguristes digitalis, nov. sp. Carapax paiiUo setosus, medio fere nu-
dus, antrorsum paullo aiigustatus ; scutella cardiaca niediana lanceolata, versus
extremitatem acutam posteriorem paullo dilatata. Frontis dens medianus
elongatus, subcarinatus, acutissimns, basin squamularum oph. superans. Oculi
valde elongati, graciles, quam frontis lat. paullo longiores, sed pedunculi anten-
nularum extremitatem non superantes. Chelipedes icquales, sctosi, splnulosi,
spinis nigro-apiculatis ; manu sat lata, subtrigona, superne phiuata ; dactjlo
extus latere planato, cristis obliquis pectinatis ad septem insculpto. Pedes pos-
tici hirsuti, secundi paris superne spinosi dactylis quam art. penulrimi plus
dimidia longioribus. Scuta abdominis antice sat indurata, marginibus ciliata.
Segmentum abd. ultimum extremitate fere aequilobatura. Superficies pedum
inferior prope bases areolis callosis prajdita. Long. 3 ; carap. long. 08 1 ; frontis
lat. 0-40 ; chelip long. 1-17 poll. P. lurgido affinis, manibus exceptis.

Ilab — In portu " Hakodadi " insulae " Jesso."

333. Paguristes seminudus, nov. sp. Carapax antenna;que toti nodi, vel nur
diusculi. Regio gastrica grandis, quam cardiaca multo longior. Scutella car-
diaca mediana prope basin paullo contracta, extremitate obtusa. Latera antice
sparsim spinulosa. Rostrum longura, gracile, extremitate acutuiu, deflexum,
medium squamularum oph. superans. Oculi iongi, robusti, fronte longitudine
multo superantes, etiam pedunculum antennularum superantes. Squaniula2
ophthalmicae apice acuminatae extrorsura flexiE ; niarginibus intograe. Anten-
narum flagellum parum pilosum, pilis teauisimis ; aciculum magnum. Chelit-

1858.]

248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

pedes similes, sinister major; carpo manuque pilosis, spinulosis, spinulis calcareis
albis, in marginibus superioribus majoribus ; digitis superne nudis, extus pilo-
sis, marginibus internis acutis, apicibus acutis nigris. Pedes 2di Stiique parie
sat graciles ; articulis ultimo penultimoque superne spinosis ; dactylis utrinque
ciliatis. Pedes 4ti paris paullo elongati, areola scabricula manus minirua. Ab-
dominis segmentum ultimum multo elongatum, inaequaliter lobatum, lobo sinis-
tro longiore. Superficies pedum inferior areolis callosis careus. Long. 1-18 :
carap. long. 0-44 ; frontis lat. 0-22 ; oculi long. 0'23 poll.
Hab. — In sinu " Kagosima " Japonise.

334. Spiropagurus rpiriger. Pagtiriis .«/>?V/j7?r, De Haan ; Fauna Jap., Crust.
206, pi. xlix. f. 2. Paguri hujus speciei pedibus natantetiam testas gerentes.
— Prope oras Sinenses, lat. bor. 22° ; in fundo argillaceo prof. 16 org.

335. EuPAGCRCS MEGALOPS, Dov.sp. Carapax nudus, parte anteriore deplana-
tus, glaber. Dens rostriformis angulo obtusus, quain dentes inter oculorum et
antennarum bases minus prominens, Oculi remoli, perbreves ; cornea valde
turgida, pedunculo duplo crassiore. An'ennarum aciculume basi gracillimum,
parum ciliatum, apicem oculorum longitudine adequans ; flagellum nudum,
quam pedes longius. Chelipedes quam ped. amb. paullo breviores, marginibus
ciliati, superficie inferiore confertim grauulati et pubescentes. Chelipedis
dextri articuli eis E. yracilipedis rationibus similes ; carpus superne scabrosus
et pubescens ; manus media parte paullo convexus et fere lajvis, lateribus de-
pressa, sparsim granulata ; digiti pilosi, palma breviores, apicibus calcarei, un-
cinate Chelipes sinister gracilis ; carpo trigone, superne spinoso ; manu quam
oarpus dextri non breviore, palma, couvexa obsolete bicarinata, carinis granu-
latis, digitis curvatim subdeflexis. Pedes 2di Stiique paris pjene nudi, super-
ficie glabri, marginibus superne spinulosi ; dactylis longis, quam manus dexter
longioribus, gracillimis, versus extremitate? oontortis et superne ciliatis. §
Long. 1.70 ; carap. long. 0-36 ; frontis lat. 0-20 polL Ab E. gradlipede differt
oculis crassioribus et manibus ciliatis; a P.conformi (De Haan,) chelipedis
minoris carpo superne spinoso.

Ilab. — In mari Sinensi Boreali, lat. bor. 23° ; ad prof. 26 org.

336. EuPAGrnrs gracilipes, nov. sp. Dens rostriformis grandis, prominens?
acutus. Oculi breves, crassi ; cornea inflata. Antennarum aciculum ocnlura
superans, utrinque ciliatum ; flagellum nudum. Chelipes dexter gracilis,
quam pedes amb. brevior ; carpo sabspinuloso ut in E. hernhardo ; manu de-
pressa, subtenui, elongato-ovata, duplo longiore quam latiore, margine esterno
paullo dilatata, crenulata, superficie superiore leviuscula, sparsim minute gra-
nulata; digitis la?vibus valde depressis, spicibus calcareis, uncinatis, decus-
santibus ; dactjlo supra marginem carinato. Pedes 2di Stiique paris eis E.
hernhardi similes, dactylis gracilioribus. Long. 1-8 ; carap. long. 0-35 ; frontis
lat. 0-19 poll. Differt ab E. splcndescente et ab E, Mertenm, dactylis pedum am-
bulatoriorum quam manus sinistra longioribus. Ab E. hernhardo pedibus gra-
cilioribus, manum dextra tenuiore, etc.

337. Edpagcrus ocHOTEXSis, Brandt. Fagurvs hcrnhardus ^ar. C, spinimana ;
Vel P. ocAo;en«/s, Brandt; Sibirische Pvcise, Zool. p. 108. Bernhnrdus armaius,
Dana. Eupagurus armatz/s, Stm — In sinu " Hakodadi " insulse "Jesso," Ja-
ponicae.

338. EuPAGURUS co.vstass, nov. sp. Thorax robustus ; abdomen sat parvu-
lum. Carapacis pars anterior v. gastrica couvexa, valde indurata, modice fas-
ciculata. Frontis dens rostriformis acutus prominens ; dentes laterales acumi-
nati, rostro minus prominentes. Oculi sat longi, cornels vix dilatatis. Anten-
narum aciculum longum, pilosum, oculos superans. Chelipedes grandes, (dexter
pedes amb. multo superans,) spinulosi et setosi, tuberculis setiferis infer spinu-
los sparsis, sefis longitudine spinas non superantibus. Chelipedis dextri
ischium angulo interno spina acuta longiuscula armatum , merus margine an-
tico superne spinis sex pectinatus ; carpus paullo longior quam latior, et quam

[Dee.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 249

palraa manus paullo longior; manus superne planata, spinulis subseriatis, serie-
bus mediana et marginalibus distinctis ; margine sinistro ad basin dactvli sin-
uato ; digiti palrna breviores, superne marginibus internis dense f;vsciculati,seti3
introrsum versis. Chelipedis sinistri dactylus non ppinosus. Pedes ambula-
tofii gra.ciles, sparsim fasciculati, fasciculis transversis ; carpo superue 1-2
spiaoso ; dactylis gracilibus, noa coutortis, quam art. penultimus longioribus,
setis rigidis sparsim armatis, unguiculo brevissimo. Pedes 4ti paris lati com-
pressi, superne longe ciliati, dactylo brevissimo, processu art. penultimi parum
superante. Segmentum thoracicum secundum margine inter bases maxillipe-
dum dentibus duobus acutis armatum. Color aurantius ; pedes transversim
rubro-fasciati. Long. 3-6; carapacis long. 0-8; frontis lat. 0-4; ctielipedis
dextri long. 2-3 poll. Carcincecium corneum spirale, base convolutum, murica-
tum, a polypo liydroideo (^Hydractinia sodalis, nob.) coiistructum ; apice testam
minutam continente.

Hab. — In sinu " Hakodadi " insulae " Jesso " ; e fundo saxoso prof. org. 4.

339. EtJPAGURUS PECTiKATDs, nov. sp. Carapax modice fasciculatus. Dens
rostriformis parvus, acutissiraus, parum prominens. Oculi graciles, aciculunri
antennarum superantes, corneis non diiatatis, squamulis acuminatis. Flagel-
lum antennarum chelipedes superans, articulis minute setosis. Ghelipedes
mediocres, meio leviusculo margine antice 2-4 spinoso, carpo manuque spinosis
et setosis, spinis acutis, erectis, fere aequalibus, setis spinis triplo longioribus.
Chelipedis dextri carpus non longior quam latior, sed quam palma manus lon-
gior, snperficie postero-exteriore fere l;evis ; manus paullo convexa, superficie
superiore tota spinosa, spinis longitudinaliter S-seriatis. eis marginis extern!
paullo longioribus, pectiniformibus, sursura flexis ; digiti depressi, palmii bre-
viores, apicibus cornel acuminati ; dactylus margine externo pectinatus.
Chelipedis sinistri carpus seriebus duabus spinarum armatus, interstitia laevi ;
manus convexa, spinosa, spinis medianis longioribus ; digiti vix spiuosi. Pedum
2di Stiique paris chelipedes superantes, sat lati, superne longe hirsuti, dactylis
haud contortis, perlatis, compressis, lateribus paullo excavatis, supra intusque
pilosis, margine inferiore nigro 10-spinuloso, ungiuculo robusto, uigro, acuto.
Pedum 4ti paris dactyli sat grandes, processu art. penultimi multo superantes,
unguiculo nigro acuto. Long. 3 ; carap. long. 0'7 ; frontis lat. 0-34 ; chelipedis
dextri long. 1-42 poll. B. constanti facie affiais, sad chelipedibus brevioribus,
dactylis pedum 4ti paris longioribus, etc.

Hab. — In sinu '-Hakodadi" insulte "Jesso."'

340. EuPAGUEUS TRiGONOCHEiRus, Hov. sp. E. pubescenU affinis. Chelipedis
dextri carpus sat brevis, quam manus latior, turgidus, superficie subspinulosus;
manus non duplo longior quam latior, granulatus ; digiti robusti apicibus cor-
nel. Manus sinistra late trigona, quam manus dextra quarta parte minor ;
carina valde prominente, introrsum dilatata, denticulata; margine extero-
iaferiore valde dilatato ; superficie obliqua lata, concava. Pedes arab. lateris
dextri chelipedem dexterum superantes. Long, 3 poll.

Hab. — In Oceano Arctico et iu freto Beringiano vulgaris; sublittoralis, et ad
prof. 10-20 org. inventus.

341. EcPAGURUS PUBESCENS, Brandt; in Middendorffs Sibirische Reise, Zool.
111. Pagurus pubescens, Kroyerj Tidsskrift, ii. 251. (partim.) — In mari Pacifico
boreali.

342. EuPAGUKUS PiLosiPES, nov. sp. Dens rostriformis setosus. Pedes valde
hirsuti. Chelipes dexter superne spinulosus, curpo prope margiuera internum
spinosum longitudinaliter canaliculata, canallculo kevi, absque spinis; manu
elongata, minuente, spinulis zequalibus non crebris. Chelipes sinister superne
spinulosus, carpo superne canaliculato ; manus digitis quam palma fere duplo
longioribus, late hiantibus. Pedes 2di 3tiique paris longitudinaliter rnbro-
vittati, dactylis quam art. penultimi paullo brevioribus. Long. 1 poll. E. /lir-

1858,]

250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

sutiusculo valde afiSnis, sed chelipedibus magis spinulosis, digitis hiantibos, et
ped. amb. vittatis. Ab E. Samuelis differt manu dextra augustiore, etc.
Hab. — Ad insulam " Loo Choc."

343. EuPAGURUS HiRSCTicsccLUS, SttQ. ; Crust, et Echin. P. C. N. Am., p. 44.
Bernhardus hirsntiusculus, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust, i. 443 ; pi. xxvii. f. 3.
— In sinu " Hakodadi" insulas " Jesso."

344. EuPAGURUs Samuelis, Stm. ; Crust, and Echin. Pacific Coast of N. Am.
p. 42. Chelipedutn merus subtus tuberculo obtuso valde prominente, interdnm
spiuiformi armatus. Manus dexter sat lata, depressa, margine externo arcuata.
Pedes 2di 3tiique paris transversim rubro-fasciati, dactjlis brevibus. E. hirsu-
tiusculo perquam affinis, differt manus dextra formse.

Hab. — In sinibus "Hakodadi," •' Simoda" et " Kagosima" Japoniae.

345. EupAGURUs ANGUSTUS, nov. sp. Carapax angustus. Pedes modice longe
pilosi. Dens rostriformis vix prominens sed acutus. Oculi satlongi, sed pedun-
culum antennarum non superantes, cornels parum dilatatis. Squamulae
ophtbalmiacae acuminatae. Aciculum parvulum, peduuculo antennae multo bre-
vius; flagellum longum, nudum. Chelipes dexter elongatus, pedes amb.su-
perans, carpo manuque nudis, granulatis, granulis £equalibu3 subspiniformibus ;
carpo tertia parte longiore quam latiore ; manu convexa, quam carpus paullo
latiore ; versus extremitatem minuente ; digitis parvis, palma dimidia breviori-
bus, apicibus calcareis ; dactylo extus seriebus duabus granulorum majorum.
Chelipes dexter inferue granulatus,mero tuberculo uno prominente medio ornato.
Chelipes sinister carpum dextri vix superans, spinulosus et pilosus, medio sub-
carinatus, carpi spinulis longioribus ; manu extus turgidula ; digitis longis
paullo hiantibus. Pedes 2dii Stiique paris sat compressi, carpo superne 4-5
spinuloso, dactjlis baud contortis, quam art. penultimi parum longioribus,
rmguiculo longo gracili praeditis. Long. 1-6; carapacis long. 0-35; frontis lat.
0-16 ; cbelipedis dextri long. 0-96 poll.

Hab. — Ad insulam '' Kikaisima."

346. — EnpAGCRCS Midde.vdoeffii, Brandt ; in MiddendorfiTs Sibirische Reise"
Zool., p. 108, pi. V. f. 1-16. — In sinu •' Hakodadi " insulae "Jesso."

347. — ^EuPAGUKUs Japoxicus, nov. sp. Descr. maris. Carapacis pars anterior
bene indurata, glabra, convexa. Dens rostriformis valde prominens, acatus.
Oculus dimidiam frontis lat. superans, cornea paullo dilatata. Squamula oph-
thalmica apice oblonga, sulco mediano hirsuto, extremitate non acuminata.
Antennarum aciculum longum, oculum superans, dense fasciculatum, flagellum
articulis setosum. Chelipedes grandes, utrinque pedes amb. multo superantes.
Chelipes dexter dense pilosus ; meio superne Isevi, margine antica non pectinato,
subtus valde dilatato, hirsuto, margine dextro pectinato; carpo manuque
superne granulo-scabroso ; carpo quam palma manus non breviore, spinis pur-
pureis intus armato, superficiei linea mediana laevi ; manu grandi, plus duplo
longiore quam latiore, palma serie mediana spinarum armata ; digito immobili
extus denticulato ; dactylo extus serie dentium validorum caeruleorura ad ] 2
armato. Chelipes sinister scabrosus et setosus, mero carpoque eis dextri aequa-
iibus sed angustioribus et magis compressis ; manu subtetragona, superne ex-
tusque carinata, carina superiore mediana, spinosa. Pedes ambulatorii breves,
robusti, superne dense hirsuti non spinulosis ; dactjlis latis, baud contortis,
quam art. penult, brevioribus, unguiculis robustissimis. Color luteo-rufus,
partim subtiliter maculatas ; pedes ambulatorii rubro-annulati. Long. 3-2 ;
carap. long. 0-83 ; frontis lat. 0 38 ; chelipedis dextri long. 2-08 poll. A P. lanu-
ginoso differt chelipedibus longioribus.

Hab. — ^In portu " Simoda " Japoniae.

348. EuPAGCRrs sinuatus, nov. sp. Dens rostriformis acutus prominens.
Oculi robusti, aciculo breviores, cornels paullo dilatatis, squamularum apicibus
elongatis. Chelipes dexter pedes amb. non superans, breviter pubescens,

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 251

graaulatus ; margine interno ad manus dactylique commisuras siauato ; carpo
subtriangulari, margine interno spinoso, superficiei linea mediana laevi ; manu
lata, seriebus mediana et marginalibus spinularum armata in fceminis ; dactylo
superne serie mediana tuberculorum acutorum ornato. Chelipes sinister sub-
trigonus, hirsutus et granulatus, carpi margine superiore spinoso ; manu non
spinulosa, carina obtusa submediana. Merus chelipedum subtus profunde exca-
vatus, marginibus longe ciliatus, margine externo spinosus. Pedes 2di Stiique
paris superne hirsuti non spinulosi, dactjiis sat latis, baud contortis, corneo-
spinulosis. Maris long. 2-2; carap. long. 06; frontis lat. 0-3; chelip. dext.
long. 1-28 poll.

Uab. — In portu Jacksoni vel "Sydney " Australiensi.

349. EupAGUKUS TRiCARiNATUs, Hov. sp. Oculi remoti, grandes, aciculum
superantes, sed pedunculum antennarum non superantes, basi constricti ; cor-
nels dilatatis. Annulum ophthalmicum sat apertum. Dens rostriformis obso-
letus. Pedes nudi vel nudiusculi. Chelipedes similes, sinister quam dexter
parum minor. Manus longitudinaliter tri-cristatae ; crista una mediana, duabus
marginalibus, denticulatis ; carpus pauUo bi-cristatus. Pedes 2di Stiique paris
gracillimi, nudi ; dactylis quam art. penult, multo longioribus, baud contortis.
Color antrorsum fuscus ; manus albid<fi ; pedes amb. rubro- et olivaceo-fasciati.
Long. 0-5; carapacis long. 0-11; frontis lat. 0-07 j chelip. dext. long. 017
poll.

Hab. — In sinu "Kagosima"; e fundo nigro-arenoso, prof, quinque org.

350. — EuPAGURUS ACANTHOLEPis, nov. sp. Deus rostriformis obsoletus. An-
nulum ophthalmicum apertum, bracteoliferum, bracteola sub-bifurcata. Oculi
graciles, pedunculos antennarum superantes, quam frontis lat. non breviores,
extrorsum curvati, cornels non dilatatis ; squamulis parvulis, apice bi-dentatis.
Aciculum parvum. Pedes graciles, sparsim longe hirsuti. Chelipedes superne
spinulosi, (dexter major) manibus paullo depressis, spinulis triseriatis ; carpis
superne paullo canaliculatis. Pedes 2di Stiique paris chelipedes superantes,
dactylis non contortis, compressis, fere falciformibus, unguiculis gracilibus.
Abdomen latere dextro basi inferiore processu conica instructum apice corneo.
Speciminis unici (junioris?) long. 1 ; carap. long. 0-21 ; frontis lat. 0-12; che-
lipedis long. 0-35 ; ped. amb. dextri long. 0-51 poll.

Hab. — In portu Jacksoni Austr. ; e fundo argillaceo prof 8 org. acceptus.

Galatheidea.

351. Galathea australiexsis, nov. sp. FoeminaB carapax retrorsura latus>
etrigosus, strigis sat longe ciliatis ; regione gastrica modice circumscripta, antice
bi-spinulosa. Margo lateralis octo-spinosus. spinis supra infraque antennam
iaclusis. Rostrum latum, triangulare, superficie dense pubescens, margine
utrinque quadridentatum, dentibus longis acutis, spiniformibus. Chelipedes
sat robusti, superificie superiore scabrosi et setosi, marginibus pauci-spinosi ;
digitis depressis non hiantibu?, intus 1-2 dentatis, dentibus levibus. Carapacis
long. 0-29; lat. 0-215 ; rostri long. 0-09; chelipedis long. 0-56 poll.

Hab. — In portu Jacksoni Australiensi, in fundo limoso prof, sex org.

352. Galathea labidolepta, nov. sp. Descr. maris. Carapax sat brevis,
antice augustatus, strigosus, strigis pubescentibus ; regione gastrica non cir-
cumscripta, antice spinulis duabus armata. Margo lateralis octospinulosis,
spinulis supra infraque antennam inclusis, spinulis minutis. Rostrum longum,
triangulare, acutum, utrinque quadridentatum, superficie pubescens. Margo
supra-orbitalis integer, angulo externo acuto. Chelipedes sat robusti, su-
perficie superiore aequaliter scabrosi, spinulis setosis ; marginibus pauci-
spinosis. Manus palma crassa, digiti angusti, recti, nee hiantes nee dentati.

Hab. — Ad Promont. Bonse Spei.

1858.]

liOi PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

353. Galathea oniEXTALi3, nov. sp. Carapas sat augustus, aatice ininueas'
strigosus, brevissime pubescens, regione gastrica non circumscripta, antive bi-
spinulosa. Margo lateralis sex-dentatus, spina supra-oculari inclusa. Rostrum
grande, sat latum, nudum, utrinque 4-dentatum, dentibus acutis, dente basali
minuto. Chelipedes maris longi crassiusculi, spinulosi, sparsim hirsuti, setis
longis ; carpo intus spina una magna armato: manu sat depressa, aspera ;
digitis vix hiantibus, dactjlo intus paullo bidentato. Merus pedum ambula-
toriorum sat augustus. margine superiore confertim spinulata, spinulis minutis
ffiqualibus. Carapax ruber, medio albo-vittatus ; pedes pallide luteoli. % Carap.
long. 0-26 ; lat. 0-19 ; rostri long. 0-99 ; chelip. long. 0-60 poll.

ifab. — In freto " Ly-i-moon" prope " Hong Kong "; fundo conchoso, org. 25.

354. Galathea acaxthomera, nov. sp. G. orientali affinis, dentibus rostri
basalibus majoribus. Pedes ambulatorii eis G. sjmwsirosiris similes, superne
pilosi, setis fasciculatis plumosis : mero paullo dilatato, margine superiore
spinulis robustis ad 11 armato. latere posteriore valide strigoso. Color griseus.
Carap. long. 0-22 ; lat. 0-18 ; rostri long. 0-07 poll. G. spinosirostri affinis,
rostro longiore.

Bab. — Ad insulas " Bonin "; inter corallia ad prof. 1 org.

355. Galathea pubescens, dot. sp. Carapax convexus, aequalis, strigosus,
strigis sat longe ciliatis vel pubescentibus. Regio gastrica non bene circum-
scripta, antice trispinulosa. Margo lateralis sex dentatus. Rostrum longum
valde pubescens, triangulare, acutum, utrinque quadridentatum, dentibus
acutissiimis longitudinaliter porrec^is. Chelipedes lineares, gracillimi sparsim
setosi et spinulosi ; digitis depressis parallelis nee hiantibus r.ec dentatis.

9 Carap. long. 0-12 ; rostri long. 0-08 poll.

Hab. — In porta " Hakodadi " et ad insulam " Ousima ;" in fundis sabulosis
prof. 25-35 org.

356. Galathea subsqcamata, nov. sp. Carapax depressus ; regionibus gastrica
et hepaticis non bene circumscriptis ; strigis non numerosis fere nudis in medio
valde profundis ; strigis antice lateraliterque undulatis, quasi squamiformibus.
Regio gastrica spinulus ad 10 sparsis armata. Margo lateralis septem-dentatus.
Rostrum bene triangulare, utrinque dentibus acutis quatuor armatum. Cheli-
pedes mediocres, digitis depressis parallelis, nee hiantibus nee dentatis.

9 Carap. long. 6-26 : lat. 0-16 ; rostri long. 0-10 ; chelipedis long. 0-56 poll.
Mab. — Ad insulam " Ousima."

357. Galathea gbandirosteis, nov. sp. Corpus superne purpureo-fuscum,
albo bi-vittatum. Carapax superficie aequalis, strigosus, strigis ciliatis numero
ad 12. Regio gastrica nou circumscripta. Margo lateralis novem-denticulatu?.
Rostrum grande elongato-triangulare, superficie pubescens subtiliter asperum ;
marginibus obsolete serrulatis, dentibus minutis utrinque sex distantibus.
Chelipedes robusti, purpureo-fusci, albo uni-vittati, transversim scabrosi, mero
carpoque intus ad apicem 2-3 spinosis ; manu absque spinulis ; digitis modice
pilosis non hiantibus. Carap. long, rostro incluso, 0-342 ; lat. 0-19 ; rostri
long. 0-16 ; rostri lat. ad basim 0-06; chelipedis long. 0-53 poll. G. longirosiri
et G. eleganti afiinis, sed rostri grandiore.

Hab. — In sinu "Kagosima" Japonise ; fundo arenoso org. 5.

358. Mu.viDA JaponicA; nov. sp. Carapax oblongns. Margo lateralis medio
5-spinulosus. Spinas ad basin antennarum non majores. Suture laterales et mar-
gines abdominis penicillizer?e. Frons tricuspis, spinis aculeiformibus. mediana
quam laterales duplo longior. Regio gastrica superficie utrinque trispinulosa et an-
tice serie transversa spinularum numero ad 13 armata ; spinulis duabus media-
nus maximis paullo remotis. Chelipedes prtelongi, recti, subcylindrici, scabri-
culi, sparsim spinulosi; digitis longis, gracilibus, manus sinistras ad basim
hiantibus. Antennae externre chelipedibus paullo longiores. % Carap. long.
0-48 ; lat. 0-28 ; rostri long. 0-18 ; chelip. long. 1-30 poll.

Hab. — In sinu " Kagosima " Japoniee : e fundo conch, org. 20.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 253

Description of New Genera and Species of North American Lizards in the
Mnseam of the Smithsonian Institution.

BY SPENCER F. BAIRD.

Family IGUANID^.

EtJPHRTNE, Baird. — Body very heavy and clumsy. Tail shorter than tbe
body; very thick and conical. Scales very small, but imbricated and angular
throughout. A median dorsal band of about 20 rows, and a largepatch on
jhe sides of scales larger than the rest. Infra-orbitals in a series of small,
nearly equal plates. Supra-cephalic plates all small, least on the outer part of
the supra-orbital region. Upper labials rectangular, not imbricated. Posterior
molars with five cusps; palate toothed. Claws very thick and stout, anterior
much the longer.

Euphryne obesus, Baird. — Width of head nearly equal to distance from nose to
ear. Tail shorter than the body. General color of the young, olive green, with
five broad transverse bars above from head to base of tail, and about as many
on the tail ; these rings yellow, dotted with red. Beneath pea green dotted with
black. With increasing age, the bands become obsolete and disappear, the
general color becoming reddish olive.

The largest and heaviest of American Iguanidce, sometimes exceeding a foot
in length. Abundant in the canons of the Colorado, of California, collected by
Maj. Thomas, Mex. Boundary Survey, and Lt. Ives' Expedition. Type No. 4172

Crotaphytus reticulalus, Baird. — Infra-orbital chain in a series of 6 or 8 nearly
equal plates. Scales on the gular fold much smaller than those between the
fore legs. Above ashy gray, with a hexagonal reticniation of lighter, the in-
terstices here and there dark brown. Chin and throat reticulated. Neither
black collar nor light spots. More closely related to Crotaphytus collaris, than
to Crotaphytus (^Gambelia) wislizenii.

Hah. — Laredo and Ringgold Barracks, Tex. Mex. Boundary Survey. J. H.
Clark and A. Schott. Type 2692.

TJta symmetrica, Baird. — Larger dorsal scales in four regular series, two on
either side of the median smaller ones. Head short, depressed, one and a half
times as wide as deep. Tail one and a half times the head and body. General
color light brown above, the belly white. Sides with broad transverse bands
of blackish. Size of U. ornata.

Ilab.—FoTt Yuma, Cal. Mex. Boundary Survey. A. Schott. Type No. 2760.

Uta schottii, Baird. — Dorsal scales and size as in the last. Head pointed,
narrow, nearly or quite as high as wide. General color nearly black, scarcely
lighter beneath. Back with small blue spots. Tail banded laterally with the
Bame.

Ilab. — Sta, Madelina, Cal. Mex. Boundary Survey. A. Schott. Type No.
2761.

Uma, Baird. — Ears distinct. very long infra-orbit 1 plate. Palate without
teeth. Outer face of upper labials plane and broadly v cal ; the labials them-
selves much imbricated, and very oblique. Scales of body above equal, much
smaller than ventral ones. Inter-orbital space with two series of plates. Claws
very long, slender and straight. Sides with a round black spot. Tail ?
(broken off.)

Uma notata, Baird. — Head about two-fifths the head and body. Above light
pea green, spotted with darker green. Beneath white. Head and body about
two inches long.

Ilab. — Mohave Desert. Lt. Williamson, Dr. A. L. Heermann. Type No. 4124.

Holbrookia approximans, Baird. — Similar in size and general character to //.
maculata. Tail shorter than hody. Two small vertical indigo black patches
on the side of belly, entirely visible from^ below ; with a light blue areola.

1858.]

254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Central point of belly about opposite the middle point between the two patchse.
No light stripe on side of neck. Upper parts and sides gray, sprinkled with
whitish. Head broad, very convex above. Hind foot about one-third the
head and body.

Hab. — Lower Rio Grande. Mex. Boundary Survey, and Lt. Couch.

Sceloporus Jloridamis, Baird. — Cephalic plates smooth. Three series of supra-
orbitals, a broad central one, and an external and internal of very small plates.
Scales large, rough. 33 oblique rows of dorsal scales from head to anns.
Scales on inside of tibia carinated. Free portion of longest hind toe exceed-
ing the cephalic plates. Color above greenish yellow, with two broad yellow
stripes, five scales apart. Back with distinct transverse blackish bars. Larger
than S. undulatus.

//a6.— Pensacola, Fla. Dr. Jeffries, U. S. N. Type No. 2874.

Sceloporus ornatus, Baird. — Dorsal scales in about 64 oblique series, with but
slight carination, mucronation and denticulation. Femoral pores 12. A well
marked black cervical collar, complete above, and margined with yellowish.
Color dark green above, nearly black towards the median line. Back with
small yellowish spots.

Hab.—P&tos, Coahuila, Lt. Couch. Type No. 2845.

Sceloporus longipes, Baird. — Similar to S. occidentalism in general characters of
shape, coloration and smoothness of the scales on inside of tibia. Limbs and
tail much lengthened. Free portion of hind toe longer than the cephalic plates.
The hind leg as long as the body and neck. Hind foot contained about two and
a half times in the head and body.

Hah. — Fort Tejon, Cal. John Xantus. Type No. 4358.

Sceloporus couchii, Baird. — General appearance of S. 7narmoratus,'Q.d\\. Cepha-
lic plates smooth. Scales very small. About 80 oblique dorsal rows from
head to tail. Femoral pores 25. Color above dark green, with two lateral
light stripes, separated by 18 rows of scales. Back with irregular spots.
Sides with a white band from groin. An obsolete dark indigo patch on each
side the belly, widely separated below. Sides of jaw banded transversely with
blue and whitish. A subcircular indigo patch in front of shoulder, surrounded
by light blotches.

Hab. — Santa Caterina, N. Leon. Lt. Couch. Type No. 2739.

Anolis cooperi, Baird. — Cephalic plates smooth. Inter-orbital ridges running
to the side of the rostrum, posterior to the nostrils which are rather lateral.
Digital pallets inconspicuous. A few central dorsal rows of scales abruptly
larger than the rest, but the lateral all much s-maller than the ventral. General
color grayish above. Less than A. carolinensis .

^a6.— California. Dr. J. G. Cooper. Type No. 4165.

Family GECKOTID^.

Sphceriodactylus notatus, Baird. — Scales on back and sides large, equal, strongly
carinated ; those on belly smaller, smooth, hexagonal. Above light brownish
yellow, uniformly dotted above with reddish brown, most distinct on the head,
least so on the belly.

Hab.— Key West, Fla., Prof. Agassiz and Prof. W. H. B. Thomas. Type No.
3215.

Stenodacfylus variegatus, Baird. — Head very broad. Hind foot contained six
times in head and body. Above brownish yellow, with irregular small blotches
of light reddish brown, sometimes in broad transverse bands. Edges of eyelids
and whole under surface opaque white.

Hab. — Rio Grande and Gila Valleys. Mex. Boundary Survey. A. Schott.
Type 3217.

Family XANTUSIDiE.
General form lacertian. No crests nor spines. Head with very large,

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 255

polygonal plates. Scales of back small, granular ; those of belly large, square,
in transverse series. Tongue broad, linear, not retractile, firmly attached ex-
cept at tip, which is only slightly notched, the base not emarginate. Surface of
tongue with a series of oblique converging ridges on each side. Teeth simple,
pleurodont. Digits with one series of transverse smooth lamellffi beneath.

Xantdsia, Baird. — Body slender ; cylindrical. Femoral pores. Three folds
on the throat, the anterior connecting the ears inferiorly and encircling the
head. Pupil vertical. No eyelids.

Xantusia vigilis, Baird. — Hind leg extended forwards, reaches the first gular
fold, and is contained about 2| times in head and body. Claws small. Color
above dark brownish yellow, varied with blackish spots on single tubercles.
Young vermiculated with yellowish on a brown ground. A yellowish line on
each side of the neck, with two others on the nape, making four parallel ones.
Under parts whitish. Head and body about two inches long.

7/a6.— Fort Tejon, Cal. John Xantus. Type No. 3063.

Family LACERTID.E.

Cneniidophorus inornatus, Baird. — Scales on the gular fold, smaller than those
on the breast anteriorly, and scarcely larger than those on the middle of the
chin. Scales of back tubercular and elevated. Hind feet about two-fifths the
head and body. General color light greenish olive, paler beneath. No lines
CD the body.

Hab. — New Leon. Lt. Couch. Type No. 3032.

Cnemidophorus ocfolineatus, Baird. — Gular fold as in the last. Hind foot not
two-fifths the head and body. Scales of back depressed. General color light
greenish olive, paler beneath. Back with eight equidistant and approximated
light lines.

Hab. — New Leon. Lt. Couch. Type No. 3009.

Family ZONURIDJE.

Gerrhonotus webbii, Baird. — Tail 2J times the head and body. Scales strongly
carinated. Dorsal scales in 48 transverse rows. Body encircled by 26 rows of
scales, of which 12 are ventral. Hind feet longer than from snout to ear.
Above leaden olivaceous brown, lighter beneath. Back with ten or twelve
blackish bars, bordered in front by brownish or reddish yellow.

Hab.—'^e&T San Diego, Cal. Dr. Webb. Type No. 3078.

Gerrhonotus infernalis, Baird. — Dorsal scales carinated in 16 longitudinal rows ;
ventral in 12. Nasal plate in contact with the 2d labial only. Tail twice as
long as head and body. 51 transverse rows of scales from head to tail. Color
clear light olive, with 8 cross bars of dusky. Beneath yellowish, marbled faintly
with dull olive. Head plain.

Hab. — Devil's River, Tex. Mex. Boundary Survey. Dr. Kennedy. Type
No. 3090.

Gerrhonotus olivaceus, Baird. — No single frontal. A series of three pairs of
plates between the vertical and rostral, becoming successively smaller. Two
post-nasals ; one loral. 39 transverse rows of scales on back from head to tail.
12 longitudinal rows above ; the 6 central, strongly carinated. Color dark olive
green, with a series of faint dusky bars. Beneath greenish white.

Hab. — Near San Diego. Mex. Boundary Survey. A. Schott. Type No. 3096.

L'pidosternon floridanum, Baird. — Body as thick as a large goose quill. No
limbs. A large pentagonal plate on the head above, encircled by nine others,
the rostrum ending in a broad horizontal crescent, overhanging the mouth. No
ears nor visible eyes. Tail contained 18 times in the body, much depressed, its
upper surface with large tubercles. Color white in alcohol.

//«'a— Micanopy, Florida. Dr. J. B. Barratt. Type No. 3202.

1858.]

256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Family SCINCIDJE.

Plestiodoa lepto(jrammus, Baird. — Two post-nasals, the posterior one behind
and above the much smaller anterior. Color black, with five narrow, white
lines, the two lateral along the middle of single rows. Median light line not
bifurcated.

//a6.— Platte River Valley. Lt. Warren, Dr. Hayden. Type No. 3119.

Plestiodon inornatus, Baird. — Two post-nasals of equal size, one above the
other. Hind leg applied three times forwards, reaching the ear.

^a6.— Sand Hills of Platte. Lt. Warren, Dr. Hayden. Type No. 3110.

Plestiodoa letrar/rammus, Baird. — One post-nasal plate; post-frontal and inter-
nasals separated by the post-nasal. Five supra- orbitals. Dorsal scales of
equal width. Light olive green above ; sides with two yellowish line?, separated
by six rows of darker olive scales. Upper labials pure yellowish. Body en-
circled by about 28 rows of scales. No dorsal stripe.

Hab — Lower Rio Grande, Dr. Berlandier, Lt. Couch. Type No. 3124.

Plestiodon egregius, Baird. — One post-nasal plate; post-frontal and inter-nasals
separated by the post-nasal. Four upper labials. Ears very small. Two cen-
tral dorsal rows largest. Body cylindrical. Color reddish ash, with two or
three white lines on each side, margined with dusky, sometimes a third ; all
these along the centres of single rows of scales. Upper lateral lines separated
by two plain rows. Body encircled by about 22 rows of scales.

Hab. — Indian Key, Fla. G. Wurdemann. Type No. 3128.

Plestiodon septentrionalis, Baird. — One post-nasal plate which does not separate
the inter-nasals and post-frontals. Color above olive, with four equidistant and
equal dark stripes on adjacent half rows of scales. Two narrow white lines on
aach side, traversing the centres of single rows, and margined above and below
by black. Upper lateral light stripes separated by six rows of scales. Beneath
light greenish.

Hab. — Minnesota and Nebraska. Rev. S. W. Manney. Type 1356.

Remarks on the lower Cretaceous beds of Kansas and Nebraska, together with
descriptions of some new species of Carboniferous fossils from the valley of
EaiLsas river.

BY F. B. MEEK AND F. V. HAYDEN.

The Cretaceous system as developed in Nebraska, is clearly divisible into five
distinct formations, which have, for the sake of convenience, been numbered
1, 2, 3, &c., from the base upwards. Although at first entertaining some doubts
as to whether No. 1, or the lowest formation, might not be older than Creta-
ceous, we always placed it provisionally, in our published sections, in the Cre-
taceous system. More recently, after a careful review of the subject, we became
satisfied from the modern affinities of numerous dicotyledonous leaves found in
this formation, that we hazarded little in regarding it as a settled question that
it could not be older than Cretaceous, and so expressed ourselves in our paper
read before the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, JIarch, 1858.

The reference of this formation to the Cretaceous, however, was not without
some exceptions generally admitted, for Professor Jules Marcou, in his work on
the " Geology of North America," page 143, refers it to the New Red Sandstone,
and in a subsequent publication,* he places it in the Jurassic ; while some in-
vestigators in this country also inclined to the opinion that it must be Triassic.
In the midst of these conflicting opinions, although satisfied we were right, we
wished, in order to remove all doubts from the minds of others, to have the
opinion of some good authority in fossil botany, (a department of paheontolo-

*Note3 pour server a une description geologique des Montagues Rochense."!, page 20.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 257

gy to which we have given little attention,) respecting the fossil leaves on which
we mainly based our views in regard to the age of this formation. Consequent-
ly, we sent outline sketches of a few of them to Professor Oswald Heer,* the
distinguished authority in fossil botany at Zurich, Switzerland, informing him
thej^ were from a formation we regarded as Cretaceous and requesting him
to let us know to what genera and geological epoch he would refer them.
This letter was sent to Professor Heer in August last, before we started to Kansas.
and on our return, in the latter part of October, we were disappointed at find-
ing no reply from him. After waiting some days longer, and receiving no an-
swer from Professor Heer, we concluded our letter had either failed to reach
him, or that he was unwilling to express an opinion based upon mere sketches
of the leaves ; consequently we submitted the whole to Dr. Newbury, who haJ
then returned to Washington, and in whose opinion on this subject we have the
fullest confidence.

After examining the specimens, Dr. Newbury gave us a written statement
bearing date Nov. 12, containing a list of the genera to which be had referred
the leaves, together with some interesting remarks and generalizations, in which
he expressed the opinion that they are certainly Cretaceous, some of them be-
longing to genera peculiar to that epoch, and that the whole belong to more
highly organized plants than anything known in the Triassic or Jurassic flora.

Knowing as we did that the rocks from which these plants were obtained.
— beyond all doubt, — hold a position beneath, at least, eight hundred feet of
Cretaceous strata, containing great numbers o{ Ammonites, ScaphiUs, Baculites, ^c,
it of course never once occurred to us that any person might suppose it
Tertiary.

About the thirteenth of November we sent on to the American Journal of
Science, a communication containing Dr. Newbury's list of the genera to v/hich
he had referred our plants, with some extracts from his remarks, all of which
will appear in the January number of that Journal. Some two or three weeks
after we had corrected the last proof of this paper, we received (I3th of Dec.)
a letter from Professor Heer, bearing date of Nov. 20, in which he informed us
that our letter had reached him at a late date, in consequence of his absence
from home, and that after his return, other engagements had prevented him from
replying sooner. In this letter Professor Heer, in accordance with our request,
sent us a list of the genera, as near as it was possible for him to make them out
from hastily drawn sketches, and also kindly furnished brief diagnoses of the
species,! stating at the same time tliat although one of the outlines resembles
a Cretaceous genus (Credneria,) the nervation being obscure, and the others
being more like Tertiary forms than anything known in the Cretaceous of the
old world, he was inclined to the opinion that they are Tertiar3\

Along with Professor Heer's letter, we also received a printed pamphlet, en-
titled " Letters on some points of the Geology of Texas, Naw Mexico, Kansas and
Nebraska; addressed to Messrs. F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, by Jules Marcou."
In this pamphlet Professor Marcou quotes Professor Heer's conclusions in re-
gard to our fossil plants, and expresses the opinion that No. 1, of the Nebraska
section, is both Miocene and Jurassic, or in other words, that we have included
in it strata belonging to each of these two widely different geological epochs.

Having a very high regard for Professor Heer's opinions on any question in
fossil botany, where he has had an opportunity to examine the specimens them-
S'jlves, or to study good figures and descriptions, we are quite sure, had the
whole collection been submitted to him, instead of mere sketches of a few of
the species, his opinion would have been very different. At any rate, we can
assert with the fullest confidence that it is absolutely impossible that this forma-
tion, or any part of it, can be Tertiary, for we know it passes, as already stated,
beneath at least eight hundred feet of Cretaceous strata. This is not mere
conjecture, nor an inference drawn from having seen this formation under cir-

* Our friend Br. Newberry was then in JNew Mexico.

t For descriptions of these plants by I'rof. llecr, .see tho last two pages of this paper.

1858.]

258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

cumstances leading us to suppose from the dip of the strata, that it must pass
beneath the Cretaceous if continued in a given direction at the same angle of
inclination, but from the fact that it has actually been seen, directly beneath
the other Cretaceous rocks, not merely at one place, and by one observer, but
by several persons at numerous localities.

In order to satisfy others we are not mistaken in this, vre will give a few of
the many facts in our possession, bearing on this question. In the first place,
we would remark that the farthest point towards the south at which we have
seen this formation, is near Smoky Hill river, in Kansas, latitude 38*^ 30' north,
and longitude 97° 30' west. Here we found it forming the upper part of sev-
eral isolated elevations known as the " Smoky Hills," at an altitude of about
1200 feet above the Missouri at Fort Leavenworth. At this locality, however, we
saw no rocks overlying it, and consequently have no stratigraphical evidence
that it is the same rock seen by us at other localities under Cretaceous beds ;
but our lithological and palaeontological evidence is quite conclusive on this
point, for this rock in color, composition, and all other respects, is undistin-
guishable from No. 1, of the Nebraska section, as seen near the mouth of Big
Sioux river on the Missouri, and contains numerous fossil leaves, some of which
are identical with those occurring in No. 1, at the last mentioned localities.
Amongst these leaves Dr. Newberry has also identified at least one genus
(^Ettingshausiarda) peculiar to the Cretaceous system.

Bearing in mind that all the rocks here have a gentle but uniform inclination
or dip to the north west ; and that the formation under consideration consists
of red and yellowish sandstones, and various colored clays, with generally more
or less impure lignite and ferruginous concretions, we will be prepared to recog-
nize it at lower and lower elevations as we proceed northward.

Without undertaking to mention in detail the intermediate exposures, we will
pass northward at once to localities where it has been seen beneath Cretaceous
rocks by three different observers at various times ; this is near the Kansas and
Nebraska line — latitude 40° north, and in the vicinity of 97® of west longitude.
Here at an elevation of about seven hundred feet above the Missouri at Fort
Leavenworth, or some five hundred feet below the level of the exposures
mentioned at the Smoky Hills, our deceased friend, Mr. Henry Pratten, saw
near Wyeth's creek, in 1853, the following exposures in descending order ;
1st. Slope, thickness not given.
2nd. Yellow and whitish limestone filled with casts 'i

of Inoceramus, referred by him to /. myteloides >No. 3, Nebraska Sec.
= /. problcmaiieus . J

3rd. Slope, thickness not given. VNo. 2, Nebraska Sec.

4th. Red ferruginous sandstone with leaves of di- ? ■.- i xt u ,i a „
^ T J *^ . >-jNo. 1, Nebraska bee.

cotyledonous trees. 3 '

A short distance west of this exposure Dr. J. G. Cooper informs us he saw
outcrops of a red sandstone in the valleys at about the same elevation ; and
above this, exposures of dark gray laminated clay answering exactly the de-
scription of No. 2, of the Nebraska section, while above the latter, near the tops
of the hills, he met with outcrops of light colored limestone containing numer-
ous casts of Inoceramus.

At other localities not far to the southwest of the foregoing, Mr. Hawn saw ex-
posures of light colored limestone forty-five feet in thickness, containing great
numbers of Inoceravius which we referred, from specimens sent by him, to /.
problejnaticus. - Below this there was a slope of twenty-seven feet in which
he saw no exposures, while still lower he observed outcrops of dark ferrugi-
nous and yellow sandstone, and various colored clays with impressions of leaves

* It is ■with some doubt we have referred this species to I. problematicus ; it is the same spe-
cies described by Dr. Schiel in the second volume of the Pacific Rail Rr.ad Report, pnge lOS, plate
3, figure 8. It is rather longer ■ n the hinge than is common in I. problematicue, from which it
may be distinct. \Ve always refer to this shell in speaking of I.problematicuB.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259

resembling, as he supposed, those of oaks and willows. (See his section pub-
lished by us in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, May, 1857.)

Proceeding northward from the last mentioned localities, we find on reaching
the Loup fork of Platte river, near the eastern limits of the Pawnee reservation,
outcrops of the light colored Inoceramvs beds already mentioned, (No. 3, Ne-
braska section,) near the water's edge ; and at the mouth of Loup fork, on the
Platte, the red sandstone No. 1, so often referred to, crops out near the river
margin, while the Inoceramus beds are seen in the bluffs above it. Going down
the Platte in a direction nearly contrary to the dip of the strata, we find this
sandstone rising up so as to form near the mouth of Elk Horn river, bluffs some
sixty feet in height. Here it seems to rest directly upon Carboniferous rocks.
Continuing on down the Platte, we find this red and yellow sandstone rising
higher and higher in the hills until we come within five or six miles of the
Missouri, where it is seen with its base elevated near sixty feet above the Platte;
and there are probably outlines of it between that point and the Missouri at
greater elevations. So that we here find the same formation which at Smoky
Hill river is elevated about twelve hundred feet above the level of the Missouri
at Fort Leavenworth, and seven hundred feet above the same horizon near Little
Blue river, has by the gradual north-western dip of the strata, sunk to within
about one hundred feet of the Missouri at the mouth of the Platte.*

Ascending the Missouri from the localities just mentioned, we see occasional
exposures of the upper Carboniferous rocks, which gradually sink lower and lower
until they pass beneath the river near Florence, to be succeeded by the reddish
and yellow sandstones, &c., of No. 1, — (Nebraska section.) Above this, occa-
sional exposures of this formation are seen with its characteristic fossil leaves,
along the river; and at several localities, some thirty miles below the mouth of
Big Sioux river, it forms perpendicular escarpments of yellowish sandstone
rising from the water's edge to an elevation of about eighty feet ; while at a
higher point, back on the summits of the Hills, the same calcareous beds are
seen, containing Inoceramus problemaiicus. Here at a quarry in the sandstone
(formation No. 1,) some twenty feet above the level of the river, one of us (Dr.
H.) collected a large number of fossil leaves, some of which are identical with
species found by us in this rock at the Smoky Hill locality already mentioned.
The sketches of leaves sent by us to Professor Heer were mostly drawn from
specimens collected at this locality.

At the mouth of Big Sioux river a low bluff of this formation, not more
than fifteen or twenty feet in height, is seen, and on the hills back a little from
the river at a higher elevation the same Inoceramus bed crops out at several
places, and is used for making lime. At another locality, about eight or ten
miles up the Big Sioux river, which comes in from the north west, one of us
(Dr. H.) saw No. 1, containing its characteristic fossil leaves, directly beneath
No. 2, of the Nebraska section. This exposure presented the following beds in
the descending order:

lat. 20 feet exposed of light gray limestone and marl, ) No. 3 of

containing Inoceramus Froblematicus. ) Nebraska Sec.

2d. 45 feet dark laminated clay with ferruginous 1 No. 2 of

concretions containing fish scales J Nebraska Sec.

3d. 15 feet exposed above the edge of the water, con- ")

sisting of yellowish friable sandstone, with a j No. 1 of

thin bed of impure lignite above, and some y Nebraska

layers of various colored clay below, contain- I Section,

ing dicotyledonous leaves. J

» The gradual descent of the Missuuri river makes its surface at Fort Leav.-n worth, about three
hundred feet lower than at the mouth of the I'latte, hence the exp' sures of No. ] , seen at the lat-
ter locality, one hundred feet above the Mi33o\iri, are some four hundred feet above the level of
tlie Missouri at Fort Leavenworth, and of course about three huudred feet lower ihau the lattle
Blue river outcrops. The dip. however, is gieater than this Would indicate, for tlie strata incline
towards the north west, while the mouth of I'latte river, is north east of the Blue river localities.

1858.]

260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Oae of the sketches of a long lanceolate leaf, like some of the existing species
cf Siilix, sent by as to Prof. Heer, was drawn from a specimen collected from
oae of the lower sandstones here.

Again at another locality on the Missouri, about thirty miles above the mouth
of Big Sioux river, No. 1, was seen by one of us (Dr. H.) only five feet above
the water's edge, and immediately overlaid by No. 2, of the Nebraska section, con-
taining its characteristic species of ^wmowzYes ; and directly over the latter, he
saw No. 3, containing Inoceramus Problematicus. * At this locality he also
found in No. 1 some of the same fossil leaves characterizing it at the other
places already mentioned.

On ascending the Missouri, above the last named locality, formations No. 2,
3, 4 and 5 are seen to sink at the same gradual uniform rate of dip, in regular
succession, beneath the level of the Missouri ; so that on reaching Heart river,
we find the top of No. 5 nearly down on a level with the water's edge, and r
short distance above that locality it passes out of sight, to be succeeded by the
Great Tdrtiary Lignite basin of the upper Missouri, which overlaps it on the
hills along the river for some distance below.

From the foregoing statement, we think it will be clearly understood, that
formation No. 1 of the Nebraska section holds a position beneath the other
cretaceous deposits of that region ; while the occurrence in it of highly organiz-
ed angiosperm dicotyledonous plants proves that it cannot be older than Cre-
taceous. It may be argued, however, that it may in part be Cretaceous and
part Tertiary, or at any rate that some of these leaves may have been obtained
from overlying Tertiary beds which we have confounded with the Cretaceous
below. This, however, is impossible, simply because specimens of nearly all the
species found at the various localities, have been quarried from the same bed at
Blackbird Hill, and the whole, not a part only of this formation, passes beneath
all the other Cretaceous rocks of the north west. In addition to this, we have
extensive collections of plants from the Tertiary of Nebraska, not a single species
of which is identical with those from No. 1.

When we stited in some of our papers that it was possible we might have
included in this formation beds not belonging to the Cretaceous, it was not be-
cause we thought any pa-'t of it might be Tertiary, but because we suspected
some of the lower beds referred to it in Kansas might possibly be .Jurassic ; and
we are even now prepared to believe it may yet be found to repose on Jurassic
rocks in that Territory, as it does at the Black Hills.

Descriptions of n?w Caeboniferods Fossils.

The carboniferous species described in the following pages of this paper, were
collected by us in Kansas, from the upper coal measures, extending up to the
base of the Permian, through a series of strata holding a higher stratigraphical
position than most of the coal deposits of the west. We found this series of
rocks abounding, at places, in organic remains, mostly of the same species oc-
curring in the coal measures of Missouri, along with a few others approxima-
ting to Permian forms.

Amongst our collections from these rocks we have identified most of the car-
boniferous species figured by Prof. Marcoa in his work on the geology of North
America, which represents a group of fossils characteristic of our western coal
measures. We had hoped to have ready for this paper some remarks on the
upper carboniferous and Permian rocks of Kansas, illustrated by many local
sections, showing the range of the various fossils, but we have, for want of time,
been compelled to defer tnese for another occasion.

FusDLiNA CYLiN'DRiCA, Fischer.

In our collections from the upper members of the Coal Measures of Kansas, we
have great nambers of Fusulina, many of which agree so very nearly with figures

* It 13 of course uaneceBsary for us to inform geological readers that a rock overlaid by strata
containing Ammonites and Inoceramus. cannot be Tertiary, because these genera became extinct
at the dawn of the Tertiary epoch.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 261

and descriptions of the species above cited, that we have thus far failed to find
any reliable differences by which they can be distinguished. If these are really
identical with F. cylindnca it not only proves that species to have had an im-
mense geographical range, but to have existed through vast periods of time,
since, according to Murchison de Verneuil andKeyserling, it is widely distribu-
ted in Russia, where it only occurs in the upper part of the lower carboniferous
or mountain limestone series; while in Kansas it ranges through a great thick-
ness of upper carboniferous rocks, much of which appears to be even more
modern than most of the western coal measures.

F. cylindrka var. ventricosa.

Along with the forms above mentioned, which we regard as probably identical
with FasiiUna cylindrka, we find in some of the upper members of the coal mea-
sures in Kansas, others differing so much in size and form, that we even suspect
they may possiblj' belong to a distinct species. These we propose to designate
for the present as a variety oi F. cylindrica, under the name of ventricosa, which
will be a good specific name, should they prove to be distinct. They differ
from F. cylindrica, as figured in Murchison de Verneuil and Keyserling's work
on the geology of Russia, in being much larger, some of them measuring nearly
half an inch in length, and 0.20 inch in diameter at the middle; they are also
proportionably much more ventricose, and differ in being usually less symme-
trical, in consequence of ane side being more gibbous than the other. The
transverse grooves marking the position of the septa also pass across the central
ventricose region with more of a lateral curve than in the Russian specimens ;
while the edges of the septa themselves, when the outer shell is removed, are
seen to be apparently less distinctly waved. Again the aperture in all our
specimens is so very narrow as to appear entirely closed.

In the description of the Russian specimens it is said that young individnals
are proportionably so much shorter and more fusiform than the old, that they
might readily be mistaken for a different species ; exactly the reverse, however, is
the case with our Kansas specimens, the smaller individuals being more nearly
cylindrical, while they appear to have become more gibbous with age, until in
Bome cases they might be described as subglobose.

Locality andposition. — This variety is found at Juniata on Blue river, and at
Manhattan on the Kansas, far above all the coal beds yet discovered in Kansas.

Orthisina crassa, n. sp.

Shell thick, of medium size, subquadrate, rather compressed ; hinge, gene-
rally a little less than the greatest breadth of the shell, but sometimes equal-
ling it. Front broadly rounded : lateral margins more or less arcuate, — in
some examples nearly straight. Surface ornamented by numerous straight ra-
diating stricG, numbering near the beaks about thirty to forty on each valve, but
increasing by the implantation of others between them, from one hundred, to
about one hundred and twenty four, around the margin ; these strife are crossed
by numerous fine elevated concentric lines, which are not only quite distinct in
the spaces between, but on well preserved specimens are prominent on the strife,
to which they impart a sub-crenulate aspect, as seen by the aid of a lens. Adult
specimens also generally have several strong concentric imbricating marks of
growth.

Larger or ventral valve nearly flat, cardinal edge sloping a little towards the
lateral margins ; beak not very prominent or distinct, not incurved, sometimes
a little twisted to one side ; area rather broad, flat, and inclined obliquely beyond
the cardinal edge of the other valve ; deltedium thick and prominent.

Smaller or ventral valve moderately convex in the middle, concave on each
side of the umbo, which is generally depressed : mesial tooth strong, and prom-
inent, bifid. Length of a specimen a little above the average size 1-25, inch,
breadth, 1-30 inch : transverse diameter of the two valves

Locality and position — Leavenworth City, K. T., in Coal Measures.

1858.] 19

262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Chonktes'mucuonata, n. sp.

Shell rather large, semicircular, having its greatest breadth on the cardinal
border, which is usually extended into mucronate angles. Surface ornamented
by a few sub-imbricating concentric marks of growth, crossed by fine regular
closely set striae, about one hundred and fifty of which may be counted around
the border, where eight or nine of them occupy the space of one line.

Larger valve depressed, having generally a broad, shallow, undefined, mesial
sinus extending from the front towards the beak. Ears sometimes separated from
the central region by very shallow depressions, and often slightly curved upwards
at the extremities. Cardinal margin sloping a little from the beaks, on each
side of which it is ornamented by from eight to eleven tubular spines, directed
©bliquely outwards. Area rather wide and, having a broad deltoid aperture,
•with elevated margins.

Smaller valve following nearly the curve of the other; beak and central re-
gion concave ; ears flat ; area rather broad, but narrower than the other, and
rectilinear. Interior provided with a small very slightly projecting bifid median
tooth, which nearly closes the aperture of the other valve. From the base of
this tooth there are five radiating ridges, two of which are rather obscure, and
extend obliquely outwards near the cardinal edge, while a third extends at right
angles to the hinge, a little more than halfway across towards the front of the
valve. The other two ridges are much shorter, and occupy an intermediate po-
sition between this median ridge and the lateral one, and are directed oblique-
ly forwards and outwards. The whole interior is more or less granulose, the
granules near the border being much smaller than the others, and ranged in rows
parallel to the striae on the outside. Breadth of largest specimen 1.13 in.; length
0-62 inch.

This species is very nearly allied to C. Smithii, of Norwood and Pratten, to
which we we were at first inclined to refer it ; a careful examination, however,
of a large number of individuals in all conditions of preservation, has satisfied
us that the striae of the shell now before us are always entirely destitute of the
pits so characteristic of C. Smithii. Our shell is also much more extended on
the hinge line, which terminates in more acute angles ; while there are not un-
frequently eleven, instead often tubes on each side of the beak.

Locality and position. — Near Fort Riley, K. T., Upper Coal Measures.

AXINUS (SCHIZODCS) OTATUS, n. Sp.

Shell ovate, most gibbous slightly in advance of the middle; anterior extrem-
ity broader than the other, somewhat narrowly rounded; posterior end narrow
and compressed, obliquely truncate above, sub-angular below. Base semiovate
in outline, the most prominent part being in advance of the middle ; cardinal
edge very short, straight and horizontal, meeting the obliquely truncate poste-
rior margin at an angle of about one hundred and thirty degrees. Beaks loca-
ted slightly in advance of the middle, elevated, and incurved at right angles to
the hinge, rather distinctly angular down the posterior slopes and obliquely
towards the Icwer part of the posterior extremity. Surface unknown. Length
0-65 inch;heighth 0-45 inch ; transverse diameter of the two valves 0-20 inch.

This species appears to be about intermediate between SchizodMs truncatus,
King, and S. rotundatus, Brown, as represented by figures 27 and 30, plate xv.,
King's Permian fossils of England. From iS'. rotundatus, it differs in being more
elongate, less broadly rounded in front, and much more obliquely truncate pos-
teriorly ; the hinge line is also shorter and more nearly horizontal. It differs
from S. iruncatus in the more nearly central position of the beaks, much shorter
and less sloping cardinal edge ; while its anterior extremity is more narrowly
rounded.

Locality and position. — Cottonwood Creek, K. T., high up in Upper Coal Mea-
sures.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 263

AlLORISMA ? ALTIR03TEATA, n. Sp.

Shell oblong oval, very gibbous in the umbonal region ; beaks much elevated
above the cardinal edge, incurved, and located over the anterior end. Posterior
extremity more compressed, but apparently more or less gaping, rounded in out-
line, anterior end vertically subtruccate, somewhat gaping ; base nearly straight,
or a little concave near the middle, rounding up towards the extremities. Car-
dinal border rather short, straight and inflected so as to form a moderately dis-
tinct, impressed area for the reception of the ligament. Surface of cast marked
by concentric undulations, -svhich are narrower, more regular, and distinct on
the umbones and over their slopes, than towards the base and extremities.
From the anterior side of the beaks, there is on each valve, an obscure sulcus
descending obliquely and widening towards the middle of tbebase. Length 3-06
inch ; height from the base to dorsal margin 1-63 inch ; do. to highest part of
beaks 1-74 inch ; greatest transverse diameter.

Having only seen an internal cast of this shell, showing neither the muscular
norpallial impressions, and giving no cine to the character of the hinge, there
must remain some uncertainty respecting its generic relations. Its most marked
peculiarity is the unusual elevation of the beaks, which gives it much the form
of some of the Jurassic Pholadomyos. "We know of no other shell from the whole
Carboniferous System with which it can be confounded.

Locality and position. — Grasshopper Creek, K. T., Upper Coal Measures.

Allorisma sdbcuneata, n. sp.

Shell large, clavate, cuneate, gibbous in the anterior and umbonal regions,
contracted and compressed posteriorly. lieaks depressed, incurved and re-
moved about one eighth the length of the shell from its anterior extremity. Pos-
terior end narrowly rounded, and apparently gaping a little; buccal end ob-
liquely truncate above, rather narrowly rounded, and somewhat gaping below.
Base nearly straight along the middle, curving up very gradually behind, and
abruptly in front ; dorsal outline sloping slightly from the beaks towards the
anal extremity. Surface of cast marked by more or less regular concentric un-
dulations ; hinge long and straight ; lunule oval, not very well defined ; ligament
area long and narrow, bounded on either side by a narrow obscure ridge, on the
outside of which there is a long, parallel, shallow undefined sulcus. Anterior
muscular impression lunate, the upper extremity curved back over itself so as to
give the whole somewhat the form of the letter G ; posterior muscular impres-
sion, large, oval, ovate, or rhomboidal, located about one third the length of the
shell from the posterior end ; pallial impression faint, having a deep angular si-
nus. Length 5-10 inch ; height 2-25 inch; greatest thickness near the anterior
end 1-70 inch.

This species is very similar to Sanguinolites clava of MeCoy, but its ventral
margin is straighter, its beaks rather more depressed, and its anterior border
more narrowly rounded below the beaks. The lunette on the anterior side of
the beaks, in our shell, appears to be less distinctly defined than is represented
in Prof. McCoy's figure, while the anterior muscular impression in S. data ap-
pears to be orbicular instead of lunate as in our shell.

Locality and position. — Leavenworth City, in upper coal measures.

Allorisma? Leavknworthensis, n. sp.

Shell very thin, oblong, subcylindrical behind, more compressed anteriorly;
posterior end broad, rather obliquely truncate, very widely gaping, or even di-
lated at the margins ; buccal end narrowly rounded and nearly closed. Base
almost straight, or but slightly convex, rounding up gradually in front and mach^
more abruptly unto the truncate posterior border. Dorsal outline concave from
the beaks to its elevated posterior extremity. Beaks moderately elevated, slight-
ly flattened, more or less angular behind, incurved, and located about halfway
between the middle and the anterior end. Surface marked by obscure concen-

1858.]

264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

trie undulations, -n-hich curve abruptly upwards parallel to the truncate anal
margin; these undulations are crossed by radiating rows of very small granules,
only visible by the aid of a lens.

The anterior muscular impression is oval, arcuate, and surmounted by a small
accessory impression nearly detached from it. The posterior muscular impres-
sion is broad oval, not very deep, and placed close up under the posterior ex-
tremity of the dorsal edge ; from this impression, the pallial line descends, with
a broad gently concave curve, so as to form a broad very shallow sinus.

Length 285 inches ; height from ventral margin to middle of dorsal edge 1'36
inch ; do. from ventral margin to a line drawn from summit of beaks to the
elevated postrrior extremity 1-50 inch; greatest transverse diameter (near the
centre) 1-11 inch; breadth of posterior hiatus 1-07 inch, height do 1-44
inch.

Locality and position. — Leavenworth City, Kansas Territory, Coal measures.

Allokisma? Cooperi.

PanopcBa Cooperi, Meek and Haydeu. Trans. Albany Inst. vol. iv. p. 11.
Marcli2d, 1858.

This species bears sucb a striking similarity, in form and general appear-
ance, to some of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Panopseas, that we were at first
lead to refer it to that genus, supposing as we then did, that it was a Permian
species. Since that time we have collected specimens of it in Kansas, show-
ing that the hinge is edentulous, consequently it cannot be a Panopcea ; we
therefore now refer it provisionally to the genera Allorisma, King, to which it
appears most nearly related, though we are not quite sure it is a iT^-ae Allorisma.

We found it ranging through a considerable thickness of the upper coal
measures, but we do not think it ranges quite up into the Permian.

Locality and position. — Near Helena, Kansas Tenitory, Upper Coal Measures.

Pleurotomaria subtckbixata, n. sp.

Shell rather thick, obliquely conical ; spire moderately elevated, pointed at
the apex ; volutions six to six and a half, convex and angular in the middle,
obliquely concave above, and having around the middle of the last one, just
below the angle, a rather narrow revolving shallow sulcus. Umbilical region
not much depressed, but perforated by a very small pit ; aperture suborbicular.
Surface ornamented by small revolving lines, only preserved on the under and
outer sides of the body whorl in our specimen, which is somewhat worn, and
shows no lines of growth. The angle on the middle of the whorls appears to
be double, or composed of two closely set parallel lines ; suture linear but
distinct.

Length 0-36 inch ; breadth 0*29 inch ; spiral angle regular, divergence 69*.

Locality and position. — Same as last.

PLErROTOMARIA HPMEROSA, n. Sp.

Shell ovate turbinate ; spire turreted, moderately elevated and pointed at
the apex. Volutions five to five and a half, very convex, more or less ob-
liquely flattened or a little concave above, rounded below, and distinctly an-
gular at the outer margin of the upper flattened side. Suture distinct ; um-
bihcal region slightly depressed, and having a very small perforation. Surface
ornamented by about ten rather strong revolving lines, only four of wliich are
visible on the turns of the spire, below the angle ; on the obliquely flattened
space above, there are usually six or seven revolving stri<e, which are not more
than half as large as those below the angle. Aperture suborbicular. No lines
of growth are visible on our specimens, which are somewhat worn.

Length 0*62 inch ; breadth 0*50 inch, spiral angle about 62°.

Locality and position. — Grasshopper creek, K. T., Coal Measures.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265

The following are the descriptions by Prof. Heer of the fossil plants from
No. 1 of the Nebraska section, referred to on page 257.

1. Liriodendron MeeJiii, Mihi.

L. foliis trilolbatis, lobo medio apice rotundato, late emarginato, basi angus-
tato, lobis lateralibus obtusis.

Differt a L. Procaccinii, Unger, et a L. tulipifera, L., lobis rotundatis et lobo
medio basi angustato.

This leaf is furnished with a slender petiole, towards which it gradually
diminishes ; the midrib extends to the apex ; towards the middle of the lobes
on each side proceeds a secondary nerve, which also sends out on both sides
tertiary nerves at rather acute angles. Further down on each side (near the
base) is another secondary nerve, which inosculates with the former. This is
a mode of structure which characterizes Liriodendi'on ; further up there arises
very delicate secondary nerves, which likewise branch off from the petiole.

2. Sapotacites Haydenii, Mihi.

S. foliis obcordato-ellipticis, basi sensim attenuatis integerrimis penninervis,
nervis secondariis numerosis, ramosis angulo-acuto egredientibus.

Affinis S. mimusops, Heer. Flora Tert. Helv. I. Taf. ciii. f. 4.

The leaf gradually diminishes toward the base, rounded toward the apex,
rather deeply emarginate, margins entire. From the midrib which gradually
becomes slender and dies out, proceed at acvxte angles very numerous secon-
dary nerves wliich have the peculiarity of ramifying very much.

3. Laurus primagenia, Unger. Taf. 13, fig. 1 ?
Heer, Flora tertiar Helvet. Taf. Ixxxvi. fig. 1.

The form and nervation agree as far as the leaf has been preserved, with
the preceding species, only the leaf is diminished in a somewhat less degree
toward the petiole, and prolonged toward the apex as in Unger.

It looks quite similar to the leaves of Laurus primagenia, which I have re-
ceived from Corfe, in the Isle of Wight.

Dunker (Paleontographica, iv. Taf. 34, f. 2,) has figured a similar leaf as
Salicites Harticji, from the chalk of Blankenburg. But in this, along with
stouter secondary nerves, there are always several more delicate ones.

4. Leguminosites Marcouanus, Mihi.

L. foliis magnis, obovalibus, apice obtusis, emarginatis nervis secondariis
sparsis ; basilaribus approximatis.

The leaflet is very large, but ceasalpinia-like, at the base somewhat un-
equal, obtusely rounded. It is also rounded at the apex and deeply emar-
ginate. The midrib dies out toward the apex ; secondary nerves very sparse
and delicate, one on each side near the base, the next following ones distant
and much curved.

In its form it reminds one strongly of Ccesalpinia Falconeri, but is much
larger. It would, however, be important to know whether the leaf is leather-
like or tliin skinned. If the latter is the case, the leaf probably belongs to
Caesalpinia, but if it is leather-like, the Dalbergia are to be compared, as
among them similarly shaped leaves are found.

5. Populus leuce, Unger. Taf. 15, fig. 6 ?

Phyllites leuce, Rossmassler, Blatter Von Altsaltel, Taf. 3, fig. 12 ?

Unfortunately this leaf is not preserved entire, and the margin is no where
complete. So far, however, as the form can be determined, it agrees with
Populus leuce, as also in the nervation. Thus we have a stout midrib, and from
this mid rib above the base of the leaf proceeds on either side stout secondary
nerves, which then send off outwardly two or three rather ^tout tertiary
nerves, which are curved toward the apex. Besides these, springs forth on
each side below them, but almost at the same spot, a delicate secondary nerve
which does not ramify any further, but dies out near the margin. At about
the middle of the height of the leaf, there springs from the midrib on each
1858.]

266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

side, anotlier secondary nerve, which runs nearly parallel with the basal one,
and further above are two other similar ones. The nervules are curved, soms
remaining single, others forked. In all these points the Nebraska leaf agreee
with Populus leuce, but for a positive determination we must wait for leaves
whose margins have been preserved.

A similar leaf from the Isle of Wight has been figured by Prestwieh (on the
structure of the strata between the London clays, &c.. Quart. Jour. x. pi. iv.
fig. 1, 2), but in this (of which I have specimens before me) the lower basal
nerves are much stouter, and the two upper ones are curved much more
toward the apex, while the midrib cannot send forth any more such stout
secondary nerves farther up.

At first sight the leaf also appears similar to Credneria integerrhna Zenker,
Paleontographica, but in this leaf the midrib is much stouter, and the side
nerves are more bent and curved towards the apex, otherwise the nervules are
of similar structures.

6. Populus cyclophylla, Mihi.

P. foliis orbiculatis, basi attenuatis, triplinervis, integerrimis.

Similar to the preceding, and may perhaps belong to that species as a
younger leaf, yet the base of the leaf is attenuated toward the petiole, and
there are at the base of the leaf only three nerves. On the supposition that
the former leaf is Populus leuce it is assumed that it is rounded at the base,
but should more perfectly preserved specimens show that, like the small one,
it is diminished at the base into the petiole, it would form a species difi'erent
from Populus leuce, as in this latter species the leaves are rounded at the base,
and moreover possess some obtuse teeth on the margin.

7. PhylUtes obtusi-lobatus, Mihi.

Folium trilobatum, lobis integerrimis, obtusiusculis.

Perhaps belonging to Liriodendron Meekii, but Liquidambar and Acer are
also to be taken into consideration. It is, however, too imperfectly preserved to
be determined with certainty. It seems to have three lobes with entu-e margins.

8. PhylUtes obcordatus, Mihi.

Folium obcordatum, basi angustatum, integerrimum, nervo-primario po-
necto, nervis secondares angulo acuto, egredientibus, debilibus, subramosis.

Valde affinis Ph. clusiodes, Rossmassler, Beitrage 33, Taf. 6, fig. 24, et non
nisi nervis secundariis fortioribus et ramulosis distingusenim.

The Corresponding Secretary read his report for the last two months.
The fnllowiug reports from the Recording Secretary, the Librarian
and the Curators were read :

REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY FOR 1858.

During the past year, Dec. 1, 1857, to November 30, 1858, there have been
elected sixty-nine members and eight correspondents.

Of these thirteen members were not residents of the city at the time of their
election.

Two members have resigned.

Tliree have forfeited their membership.

Seven have died, to wit : Mr. Charles McEuen, Mr. W. Frederick Rogers,
Professor John K. Mitchell, M. D., Professor Robert Hare, M. D., the Hon. Job
R. Tyson, Edward Minturn, M. D., and Gavin Watson, M. D.

The deaths of the following correspondents have been announced : Mr.
George R. Gliddon, Mr. John A. Vancleve.

The following Pajiers have been read before the Academy, and ordered to be
published in the Proceedings or Journal.
By Spencer F. Baii-d, " Description of a new Phyllistome Bat from California."

By W. G. Binney, two, to wit : " Notes on American Land Shells, No. 3 and
No. 4."

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 267

By John Cassin, two, to wit : ' ' Description of a new Tanager from tlie Isth-
mus of Darien, and Note on Selenidera spectahilis ;" "Catalogue of Birds col-
lected by A. A. Henderson, M. D., U. S. N., at Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan,
with notes."

By T. A. Conrad, " Observations on a group of cretaceous fossil Shells from
Tippah Co., Miss., with descriptions of fifty-five new Species," published in the
Journal.

By John Xantus de Vesey, "Descriptions of two new Species of Birds from
the vicinity of Fort Tejon, California."

By George W. Fahnestock, " Memoranda of the effects of Carburetted Hy-
drogen upon a collection of exotic Plants."

By James C. Fisher, M. D., " Description of a new Species of the Genus
Argynnis."

By Charles Girard, M. D., " Notes upon various new Genera and new Species
of Fishes in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution," etc.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D., " Descriptions of several new North American
Reptiles."

By Edward Hallowell, M. D., and Joseph W. Jones, M. D., "Notes -upon
the Anatomy and Habits of Reptiles."

By Wm. A. Hammond, M. D., U. S. A., two, to wit : " Secondary formation
of Blood Crystals," read before the Biological Department, "Observations on
the efiects of certain Vegetable Diuretics," read before the Biological De-
partment.

By Henry Hartshorne, M. D., "Abstract of the Proceedings of the Biologi-
cal Society of Philadelphia," read before the Biological Department. •

By F. V. Hayden, ' ' Notes to a Second Edition of a Geological Map of Ne-
braska and Kansas, " etc.

By T. Charlton Henry, M. D., U. S. A., "Description of a new Toxostoma,
from near Fort Thorn, New Mexico."

By Isaac Lea, LL. D., eight to wit : " Descriptions of exotic Genera and Spe-
cies of the Family Unionidse." "Descriptions of a new Helix and two new
Planorbes." "Descriptions of eight new Species of Unios. " -'Descriptions
of four new fresh water Mollusks from the Isthmus of Darien and Honduras."
" Description of seven new Species of Margaritana and four new Species of
Anodonta." " Descriptions of twelve new Species of Unioues and other fresh
water shells of the United States." " Description of the embryonic forms of
thirty-eight Species of [Jnionidae, ' ' published in the Journal. ' ' New Unionidae
of the United States," published in the Journal.

By John L. Le Conte M. D., three, to wit: " Descriptions of new Species
of Coleoptera, chiefly collected by the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey
under Major W. H. Emory." "Catalogue of Coleoptera of the regions adja-
cent to the Boundary Line between the United States and Mexico," published
in the Journal. ' ' Note on the Species of Eleodes found within the United
States."

By Joseph Leidy M. D., two, to wit : " Notice of Remains of extinct Verte-
brata from the Valley of the Niobrara River;" "Contributions to Helmin-
thology."

By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. " Descriptions of new organic Re-
mains, collected in Nebraska Territory, etc."

By J. H. Slack, "Catalogue and notes on the Egyptian Antiquities m the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia."

By William Stimpson, four, to wit: " Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium
evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum sejitentrionalem, a
Rei)ublica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rogers ducibus,
observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson, Partes tertia, quarta, quinta et sexta."

By W. J. Taylor, " Mineralogical Notes."

By P. R. Uhler, " Descriptions of new species of Neuropterous Insects, col-
lected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Com. J. Rogers.

1858.]

268 TROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

By Alexander •Wilcocks, M. D., "Researches on an Optical Illusion."

During the year the By-Laws have been amended as follows :

A new Chapter has been made, entitled Chapter XII ; on the Creation and

Government of Departments. (See Proceedings 1858 p. 15.)

Under these laws the Department A. has been organized and denominated

the Biological Department. It has been in active operation since April last,

and its contributions to the Proceedings of the Academy attest the zeal and

activity of its members.

The By-Laws have been also amended, as follows :

CHAPTER X.

Comviittee on Proceedings.

Aet. I. — The Committee on Proceedings, immediately after its election shall
appoint frora among its members a Secretary, a Treasurer, and a Distributor.

The Secretary shall attend to the editorial management of all matters as-
signed to the care of the Committee for printing or publication.

The Treasurer shall have charge of whatever relates to the finances of the
Committee. He shall keep a careful account of its receipts and expenditures,
and pay quarterly to the Treasurer of the Academy all monies received. He
shall also keep a correct account of the number of copies of the Proceedings
printed, the number issued to subscribers and the number exchanged, and
report the same with a statement of liis accounts for the year to the Academy,
at the meeting for business in December of every year, and the Distributors
shall attend to the prompt transmission of copies of the Proceedings to sub-
scribers, as well as to Societies and Periodicals with which exchanges are
made.

Art. II. — It shall be the duty of the Committee to receive all Papers or-
dered by the Academy to be published in the Proceedings, and to print the
same in a proper manner, and as far as practicable in the order in which they
have been reported by Committees. Also, to prepare and publish such ab-
stracts from the Proceedings of the Academy as it may deem expedient,
as well as summaries of verbal commujiications, made at meetings of the
Academy or any of its Departments, but only from notes furnished by the
author, which the Committee is hereby authorized to modify or decline, sub-
ject, however, to an appeal to the Academy.

Also, to superintend the printing and distribution of such memoirs, cata-
logues, etc., as the Academy may order to be published : and

Also, to read and correct the proof slieets of all papers, which shall likewise
be submitted, when practicable to their respective authors.

Akt. III. — Tie Committee is hereby authorized to exchange the Proceedings
for other periodical publications, connected with the Natural Sciences, provi-
ded that the Academy may at any time direct the discontinuance of such ex-
changes.

Akt. IV. — Ko copy of the Proceedings shall be presented to any individual
or society, except by order of the Academy, but the Committee may sell single
volumes at twenty-five per cent, advance on the price to subscribers.

Article V. — No author shall be permitted to make any other than verbal
alterations in a Paper while it is in the hands of the Committee on Proceed-
ings, without the consent of the Academy, nor shall the Committee make any
alterations in a paper committed to it, without the consent of the author. All
alterations proposed, (other than verbal), must be read to the Academy, and
if the types have been set, they shall be made only at the expense of the au-
thor.

Article VI. — All illustrations of publications in the Proceedings shall be at
the cost of the author, unless otherwise ordered by the Academy ; and draw-
ings of the same shall be considered his property, and shall be returned when
called for.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 269

Article VII. — Authors of communications printed in the. Proceedings are
privileged to obtain any number of separate copies thereof fi-om the printer on
such terms as the parties may agree ; but in no instance shall the Academy
be held responsible for the expense.

Article VIII. — The Committee shall be responsible for the proper and
methodical arrangement of the material published, and for the prompt ap-
pearance of the Proceedings, whenever sufficient matter has accumulated for
the completion of sixteen pages ; and if any portion thereof, in the opinion of
two-thirds of the members present at the meeting for business next succeeding
its publication, shall be negligently prepared, the same shall be reprinted at
the cost of the Committee.

Article IX. — On all points connected with the management of the Proceed-
ings, not provided for in this Chapter, the Committee shall be governed by
special direction of the Academy.

Amend Article III. Chapter IX. by inserting after the word publication in the
second line, the words " in the Journal."

Also, amend Article I. Chapter VI. by striking out all after the words " in the
library " in the 6tli line, and inserting " 13, the Auditors each to consist of
three members ; 14," the Publication Committee, and 15, Committee on Pro-
ceedings, each to consist of five members, whose term of service shall be one
year ; and all these, except the Auditors and Publication Committee, shall be
elected at the last meeting in January of each year.

Amend Chapter VI. Article VIII. by inserting after the words "Chapter IX."
in the 2d line, "and the Committee on Proceedings shall have charge of the
other publications of the Academy under the rules prescribed in Chapter X,
and they, " and strike out the word "and" after the words "Chapter IX."

Change chapters X. and XI. to XI. and XII. and Chapter XIII. to Chapter
XIV. All of which is respectfully submitted

B. HOWARD RAND, M. D.

Recording Secretary.

Hall of the Academy, 28<A December, 1858.

LIBRARIAN'S REPORT FOR 1858.
During the present year, ending December 28th, 1858, 422 volumes and
1146 pei'iodicals and pamphlets have been added to the Lil)rary of the Aca-
demy. The various subjects on which these treat, and the number belonging
to each subject, are shown in the following table :

Ethnology, 3

Physics and Chemistry, 39

Transactions, Journals, Proceedings,

Reports, &c. of Societies, 759

Voyages and Travels 73

Medicine, 3

Biography, 4

Miscellaneous, 31

Total 1568

General Natural History and Mam-
malogy, 136

Ornithology, ■ 146

Conchology, 53

Entomology, 59

Botany, 47

Geology, Palaeontology and Geog-
raphy, 126

Anatomy, Physiology, &c., 59

Mineralogy, 24

Herpetology and Ichthyology, 6

Of the above works 76 have been contributed by authors, 84 by editors, 51

by members, correspondents and others, 351 by societies and corporations,

and 996 by Dr. T. B. Wilson, making a total of 1768 additions to the Library

in 1858.

During the year 962 volumes have been substantially bound ; 365 are still

in the hands of the binders, making in all 1327 volumes.

It will thus be seen that the Library was never in a more flourishing con-
dition, nor in a better state of preservation than at the present time.

Respectfully submitted,

JAS. AITKEN MEIGS.

1858.]

270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1858.

The Curators, through their annual report, take the opportunity of express-
ing their pleasure in announcing to the Academy, that the Museum, so long
confided to the supervision and care of the same gentlemen, is in the best
state of preservation, and is gradually and steadily advancing in its arrange-
ment. They also take occasion to express regret at the resignation of one of
their number, Mr. Ashmead, who has for seventeen years devoted attention to
the increase and preservation of the collections of the Academy.

In most of the departments of the Museum, for some years past, members
have been actively engaged in the arrangement and labelling of specimens,
but up to the present time, two important collections, those of recent Radiates
and Invertebrate Fossils, have been entirely neglected. The collection of Fos-
sils, just mentioned, is a very large and important one, but loses much of its
value from the difficulty of applying to it in its present condition. We hope,
before long, some of the members may be induced to give it the attention that
has been devoted to other departments.

During the past year Mr. Slack has given his aid in the labelling of the col-
lection of Mammalia. Our collection of Birds, which has few parallels in the
world, is in excellent condition, and is steadily advancing in its arrangement
through Dr. Wilson ; who has also further enriched it, during the last year,
with many rare specimens. The collection of Reptiles, well arranged and la-
belled by Dr. Hallowell, has unfortunately lost the services of the latter, tem-
porarily it is to be hoped, from illness, as many of the members are aware.
The collection of Fishes continues to be arranged by Drs. Bridges and Morris.

Mr. Binney, who has been engaged for several years in arranging the collec-
tion of MoUusks, has given us the following information.

The collection of shells consists of about 9,000 species of many varieties.
About one half are labelled. All the terrestrial and fluviatile species have been
carefully studied ; and the names attached to them may be depended upon.
The marine genera have been labelled from monographs, and through the as-
sistance of friends familiar with them. A large part of them have the names
attached by Sowerby, Cuming, and Verreaux, from whom they were purchased.
In the arrangement of the collection. Jay's catalogue has been used, and the
author's system followed. The Gasteropods commence in the western part of
the hall : the Tropiopods in the eastern part ; and the labels are on cards adopt-
ed in the other departments of the Museum — distinguishing the principal
parts of the world by colors. A large portion of the Conchological collection is
contained in the drawers beneath the cases in wliich the others are exposed to
view. The Academy is indebted to Mr. J. G. Anthony, of Cincinnati, for the
determination and labelling of the Naiades. The principal contributors to the
cabinet of conchology have been Messrs. Say, Griffith, and Wilson.

The collection contains many of the types of American authors, as follow :
2 species Anculosa, Anthony ; 4 Amnicola, Say, Anth., Lea ; 2 Ampullaria Say ;
2 Amphidesmu Say ; 1 Astarte Say ; 1 Achatina Say ; 1 Cochlodesma Conrad ; 1
Corhula Say ; 5 Cyclas Say ; 1 Crepidula Say ; 2 Cylindrella Gould ; 1 Cerithium
Say ; 1 Donax Say ; 1 Dentalium Stimpson ; 2 Helicina Say ; 14 Helix Say, 6
Binney, 4 Gould, 1 Green, 1 Lea ; 17 Limnea Say, 1 Adams ; 1 Mya Conrad ;
1 Mactra Say, 1 Con. ; 1 Merodesma Con. ; 1 Modiola Say ; 1 Mytilus Say ; 8
Melania Say , 8 Con., 4 Anth., 2 Ravenel, 1 Lea ; 1 Melampus Say ; 1 Natica
Couthouy ; 1 Nassa Say ; 2 Nucula Couth. ; 1 Patella Say ; 2 Physa Say ; 4
Flanorbis Say ; 1 Porena Say ; 3 Pupa Say ; 8 Paludina Say, 2 Lewis, 1 Con. ;
1 Pandora Say ; 1 Sigaretiis Say ; 2 Succinea Say, 2 Binney, 1 Gould ; 1 Sole-
curtus Con. ; 2 SanguhiolariaQon., Say; 1 Saxicava Say ; 2 Turbo Say, Couth. ;
8 Unio Say, 1 Lea ; 2 Valvata Say.

Mr. Durand informs us that the North American Herbarium of Phaenoga-
mous plants and ferns, containing about 10,000 species, is now completed.

The donations to the different departments of the Museum for 1858, are as
follows :

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 271

Mammals. — Of these, 40 specimens of 14 species from Kansas, were presented
by Dr. W. A. Hammond, U. S. A. Ten other specimens of 8 species were
presented, principally by Dr. Corse, and his excellency W. F. Packer.

Birds. — Fifty-seven species from Japan, the Phillipines, and China, were
presented by Dr. A. A. Henderson, U. S. N. ; 15 specimens of 10 species from
Kansas by Dr. Hammond ; and 15 of 12 species by Messrs. Vaux, Sergeant, J.
H. Powel, etc.

Reptiles.— Oi these, R. Swift, Esq., of St. Thomas, W. I., presented 60 spe-
cimens of 12 species ; S. Drinker, of China, 18 of 12 species ; J. H. Slack, 47
of 11 species ; Dr. J. C. Fisher 16 of 9 species ; Dr. Henderson 9 of 3 species ;
and 18 of 10 species were presented by Messrs. Wood, Richardson, etc.

Fishes.— S. Drinker of China presented 6 species ; W. C. Taylor 8 species ;
Mr. Slack 24 of 9 species ; Dr. Fisher 15 of 4 species, Dr. Goddard 5 of 2 spe-
cies ; and 12 of 10 species were presented by Edward Harris and others.

MollusTcs. — Mrs. R. Pierpont of this city, presented a choice collection, con-
taining about 1,000 species of shells from all parts of the world. W. G. Bin-
ney presented 110 species of rare land and fluviatile shells ; James Postell 517
specimens of 74 species of shells ; Rev. E. R. Beadle 20 species ; VV. A. Haines
12 species ; F. A. Sauvalle 52 of 20 species ; J. G. Anthony 15 species ; and
about 500 specimens of 100 species were 'presented by Messrs. Pease, Farqti-
har, Moore, Allen, Henderson, B. H. Coates, Thompson, Wurdeman, and the
Smithsonian Institution.

Articulates. — Of Crustacea 20 specimens of 15 species were presented, prin-
cipally by W. C. Taylor and Dr. J. L. Le Conte.

Of Insects, F. Schafhirt presented 2129 of 709 species of coleOptera and 280 of
75 species lepidoptera ; Dr. Leidy 1484 of 500 species lepidop., hymenop.,
orthop., dip., neurop., and coleoptera ; Dr. J. C. FisheV 614 of 193 species do. ;
S. Powel 295 of 90 do. ; C. C. Abbott 167 of 129 do. ; Dr. J. L. Le Conte 140
of 65 do. ; E. T. Cresson 511 of 400 do. ; Dr. R. Bridges 90 of 36 do. ; James
Ridings 50 of 30 species of diptera ; J. S. Hawkins 79 of 62 lepidoptera ; Dr.
F. V. Hayden 95 of 55 species orthop., dip., hemip., hymenop. ; Samuel Pow-
el, Jr., and J. Hare Powel, Jr., 415 of 215 lepidop., dip., hymenop., hemip.,
orthop., neurop., and coleop. ; E. Tilghman 50 of 20 do. ; J. D. Sergeant 32
of 20 do. ; and Messrs. A. A. Henderson, Drexler, and Remont 124 of 60 do.

Of Arachnides and Myriapods there were presented 94 specimens of about 40
species by Messrs. C. C. Abbott, E. T. Cresson, S. Drinker of China, J. S. Haw-
kins, and Dr. J. M. Sommerville.

Radiates. — Dr. A. A. Henderson presented 16 species of corals from Singa-
pore ; besides which we have received 9 specimens of corals and echinodermus.

Anatomy. — Dr. Hammond presented 2 Indian skulls ; Dr. J. E. Semple, U. S.
N., 2 Oriental skulls ; and 11 others were deposited by Drs. T. J. Turner and
J. A. Meigs. Of skulls of mammals, 5 have been presented, by Messrs. Ham-
mond, Vaux, J. B. Fisher, and J. M. Naglee. Two skeletons were presented
by Mr. Ashmead, and Dr. S. W. Mitchell.

Organic Remains. — Of vertebrate remains, those of the Hadrosaunis Foulkii
recently presented to the Academy by W. Parker Foulke, are the most valua-
ble. To Dr. J. M. Hines, W. A. B. Norcom and Eppes we are indebted fornii-
merous miocene cetacean remains from North Carolina and Virginia. Of other
vertebrate fossils, there were 76 specimens, principally presented by Messrs.
Jeanes, Sergeant, Powel, Slack, Camac, Johnston, and Moore. There were
further obtained by exchange, 180 specimens of vertebrate fossils and casts
from France. Of invertebrate fossils. Dr. W. Spilhnan presented 70 of 21 spe-
cies from the Greensand formation of Mississippi ; and there were about 103
from various localities, presented by Messrs. J. M. Hines, T. P. Cleveland, S.
W. Clanton, H. and R. Cox, D. Christy and others.

Of fossil plants 12 specimens were presented.

Mineralogy. — Besides a small collection of minerals from Dr. S. W. Mitchell,
we have received 63 specimens from Messrs. Trautwine, Le Conte, R. C. Lud-
low, Vaux, Coleman, etc.

1858.]

272

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Miscellaneous. — Of miscellaneous specimens there were received 33 speci-
mens.

Througli the Biological Department we have received 213 mounted microsco-
pic specimens, principally from Messrs. S. Powel, J. H. Slack, J. Queen, W.
A. Hammond, and J. C. Morris. In addition, we have obtained ia this way 11
miscellaneous specimens.
In conclusion the Report is respectfully submitted by

JOSEPH LEIDY,
Chairman of the Curators.

The Treasurer's report was read and referred to the Auditors.

The Publication Committee laid on the table Part 1, Vol. 4, of the
second series of the Journal, and by permission their report was post-
poned until the next meeting for business.

The following was unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That it is with regret the Academy has received the an-
nouncement from the President, Mr. George Ord, that he no longer
can retain the office he has held with so much satisfaction to the mem-
bers and advantage to the interests of the Academy, and that in his
retirement he carries with him the best wishes of his fellow members
for his future welfare and happiness.

The election of officers for the ensuing year was held in accordance
with the by-laws, with the following result :

President, .
Vice-Presidents, .

Corre^ondent Secretary/,
Recording Secretary, .
Lihrarian, .
Curators,

Auditors,

Pv.l/lication Committee,

Isaac Lea.

Robert Bridges,

John LeConte.

John L. LeConte.

B. H. Rand.

J. Aitken Meigs.

Joseph Leidy.

Wm. S. Vaux,

John Cassin,

J. D. Sergeant.

Joseph Jeanes,

Wm. S. Vaux,

Aubrey H. Smith.

Wm. S. Vaux,

Robert Bridges,

Isaac Lea,

W. S. W. Ruschenberger,

Joseph Leidy.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 273

Elections in 1858.

The following gentlemen were elected members, viz:

Jan. 26. Edward S. Clarke, T. G. Richardson, M. D., James W.
Queen, James McClune.

Feb 23. Daniel R. Bennett, Wra. D. Hoyt, M. D., Edward Tilgh-
man, Charles P. Williams, Henry D. Schmidt, Henry Wharton, Wil-
liam Y. McAllister, Henry C. Wayne, U. S. A., James M. Sommer-
ville, M. D.

March 30. Joseph Johnson Brown, Philip R. Uhler, Harry C.
Hart, M. D.

April 27. Ezra T. Cresson, Charles Neff, M. D., Henry E. Dray-
ton, M. D., William Stimpson, Robert Kennieott, Henry Ulke, James
H. Hutchinson, M. D., T. P. Dimpfel, David L, Huntington, M. D.,
Blencour E. Fryer, George Dawson Coleman, Thomas Kimber, Jr.

May 25. Lemuel Stephens, George W. Norris, M. D., William D.
Parrish, Samuel Kneeland, Jr., M. D., Myron Tompkins, 31. D., John
Hare Powel, William F. Norris, Thaddeus Norris.

June 29. Rev. Wm. P. Breed, John S. Kitchen, M. D., U. S. N.
Charles Izard McEuen, A. Snowden Piggot, M. D., William Lowber
M. D., U. S. N., James Starr.

Juli/ 27. James Ridings, Atherton Blight, J. Gibbons Hunt, M. D.,
Samuel B. Buckley, Joseph E. Parker, M. D.

Aug. 31. Pierce Butler, George Davidson.

Sept. 28. John M. Dow, Charles A. McCall, M. D., John H. Jane-
way, M. D., Arthur M. Edwards.

Oct. 26. William H. Stewart, George Thurber, Daniel Egbert,
M. D., U. S. N., Arthur H. Grirashaw, M. D., Oliver A. Judson,
M. D., Victor Guillou, George I. Dacosta, Pierce B. Wilson.

Nov. 30. Jas. A. Darrach, M. D., Jos. Jones, M. D., H. Frazer
Campbell, M. D.

Dec 28. Samuel W. Wilson, M. D., Christopher Johnson, Barnet
Phillips, James S. Whitney, T. Edwards Clark.

The following gentlemen were elected Correspondents, viz :

Feb. 23. Thomas Bland, xV. Y.

April 27. Henry Clifton Sorby, Sheffield, Eng.

June 29. Auguste le Jolis, Cherbourg, France, Prof. Arnold Gayot,
Princeton, N. J.

Oct. 26. Prof 0. M. Mitchel, Cincinnati, Ohio, Prof. Benj. Peirce,
Cambridge, Mass., Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Rnssian Legation,
Washington.

Nov. 30. Prof. F. W. Beneke, M, D., Hesse Cassel.

CORRESPONDENCE. — 1858. 1

January bth. From Mr. Mayland Cuthbert, dated January 5th, 1858, ackaow-
ledgiag his election as a member.

12^/4. From Hon. Jas. L. Orr, Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated
Washington, January 8th, 1858, acknowleding the receipt of a copy of the re-
solutions of the Academy, which were adopted November 24th, last.

From U. S. War Department, Jan. 9th, 1858, transmitting Vols. 3 and 4 of
a report on Explorations and Surveys for a rail road route from the Mississippi
to the Pacific Ocean.

I9th. From the Society of Arts, Commerce, and Manufactures of London,
dated Nov. 19th, 1857, acknowledging the receipt of publications of the
Academy.

February 2d. From the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works
of France, dated Paris, October 24th, 1857, accompanying the donation of the
Annales des Mines.

From the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and New
Castle-upon-Tyne, dated December 21st, 1857, acknowledging the receipt of
publications of the Academy.

From the Geological Society of London, dated December 3d, 1857, acknow-
ledging the receipt of publications of the Academy.

From the Boston Society of Natural History, dated January 7th, 1858, acknow-
ledging the receipt of publications of the Academy.

From the Museum of Natural History of the Jardin des Plants, dated January
5th, 1858, acknowledging the receipt of a collection of fossils, and transmitting
in exchange specimens of Dinotherium, Mastodon, Palseotherium, Anchitherium,
Cainotherium, Lophiodon, Eutelodon, Rhinoceros, Anoplotherium, Equus, Dl-
crocerus, Dorcatherium, and Antilope.

16th. Letters were read from the Lyceum of National History of New York,
(not dated,) aclcnowledging the receipt of publications of the Academy.

From Nathaniel H. Mason, dated London, January 22d, 1858, announcing his
proposed expedition to the Cape de Verd Islands, and offering to supply collec-
tions therefrom.

March 2d. From Thomas Bland, Esq., dated New York, 27th February, ac-
knowledging his election as Correspondent.

From Mr. J. C. Beraud, dated 9th January, transmitting donation, and desir-
ing exchange.

From the Academic Royale des Sciences of Liege, dated 2d April, 1856, and
5th June, 1857, acknowledging receipt of publications of the Academy, and
transmitting donation.

From the Royal Society of London, dated 6th August, 1857, acknowledging
receipt of publications of the Academy.

Qth. From Kirtley Ryland, M. D., U. S. A., dated St. Louis, 15th February,
acknowledging his election as member.

I6th. From Major Henry C. Wayne, U. S. A., dated Washington, 12th March,
acknowledging election as member.

From the American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, Mass. 5th March ;

The American Philosophical Society, dated Philadelphia, 5th March ;

The Society of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, dated London, 19th
November, 1857:

And the Horticultural Society of London, dated 2d February, severally ac-
knowledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

From Dr. G. S. Williams, dated Moorefield, Va., March 10th, oflfering to trans-
mit collection of palaeozoic fossils from that vicinity.

From the Young Amateurs' School of Natural Science, of Baltimore, dated 4th
March, desiring a donation of duplicates.

23d. From the Lyceum of Natural History, dated New York, 16th March, ac-
knowledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

2 CORRESPONDENCE. — 1858.

From Mr. Wm. Wood, President of the Portland Natural History Society, dated
8th March, giving an account of the present condition of the Society.

From Dr. B. F. Shuraard, dated St. Louis, March 16, announcing the Permian
age of fossils collected by Dr. G. C. Shumard, in the white limestone of the
Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico.

April 6th. From Joseph Johnson Brown, Esq., dated Philadelphia, 5th April,
acknowledging his election as member,

13<A. From Philip R. Uhler, Esq., dated Baltimore, 10th April, acknowledging
his election as member.

From Henry Hartshorne, M. D., Recorder of the Biological Department, an-
nouncing its organization, and time of meeting.

From W. H. Barris, dated Iowa City, Tth April, desiring certain papers on
Palaeontology published by the Academy.

2Qth. From the Imp. Regio Istituto Lombardo, dated Milan, 13th October,
1857;

The Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, dated Copenhagen, 30th
.June, 1857;

The Acad, des Sciences, Arts et Belles Lettres of Dijon, dated 18th January,
1857;

The Konigl. Siichsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, dated Leipzic, 1st
October, 1857;

The Bureau of the Annales des Mines, dated Paris, 8th March, severally trans-
mitting donations, and acknowledging receipt of publication of the Academy.

May 4ih. From Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., dated Chicago, Illinois, 14th
April :

The Acad. Royale des Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 15th August, 1857;

The Societe d' histoire naturelle du Departement de la Moselle, dated Metz,
4th January ;

The U. S. War Department, dated Washington, 28th April, severally trans-
mitting donations ;

From the Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Dantzic, dated 1st July, 1857;

The Acad. Roy. des Sciences of Amsterdam, dated I7th July, 1857;

The Royal Society of Sciences of Upsal, dated Uth October, 1857;

The Zoological Society of London, dated 1st April, 1858, severally acknow-
ledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

Uth. From David L. Huntingdon, M. D., dated Philadelphia, 10th May. ac-
knowledging his election as member.

From the Soc. Imp. d' Agriculture, d'Histoire naturelle et des Arts utiles of
Lyons, dated 21st July, 1854 ;

The Acad. Imp. des Sciences, Belles-lettes et Arts, of Lyons, dated 21st July,
1854, each transmitting donations.

From the Verein zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues, dated Berlin, 28th Sep-
tember, 1857. transmitting donation, acknowledging receipt of publications of
the Academy, and desiring missing numbers.

From the Konigl. Norwegische Universitat of Christiania, dated 6th Novem-
ber, 1857, transmitting a copy of the medal struck on the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of the appointment of Dr. Christopher Hansteen as Professor.

From the Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Emden, dated 32d November, 1857;

The Societe Linneenne de Normandie. dated Caen, 24th October, 1857:
The American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, 19tli April ;

The Boston Society of Natural History, dated 1st May ;

The Free Public Library, Museum, and Gallery of Art of Liverpool, dated
September, 1857;

The Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, dated 8th December, 1857,
severally acknowledging the receipt of publications of the Academy.
From I. I. Hayes, M. D. proposing further Arctic Exploration.

CORRESPONDENCE. — 1858. 3

I8th. From "W. Stimpson, dated Washington, D. C, 10th May, acknow-
ledging his election as member.

From N. B. Benedict, M. D., Recording Secretary of the New Orleans Academy
of Sciences, giving some account of the present condition of that Society.

June l.st. From John Hare Powel, dated Philadelphia, 1st Jnne ;

Dr. Samuel Kneeland, dated Boston, 29th May ;

Dr. Edward K. Covey, TJ. S.'A., dated Camp on Smith's Fork, 24th March,
severally acknowledging their election as members.

From the Sec. of the American Baptist Missionary Union, dated Philadelphia,
20th May, returning thanks for invitation to visit the Museum.

From the Geological Society of London, dated 15th and 29th April ; and

The Librarian of the British Museum, acknowledging receipt of publications
of the Academy.

8(h. From the Vereinfiir vaterl. Natnrkuude in Wiirttemberg, dated Stuttgart,
6th Sept., 1857, transmitting donation, and acknowledging receipt of publica-
tions of the Academy.

From the K. Akad. der Wissenschaften, dated Vienna, 10th April, 1857, ac-
knowledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

June 15th. From the Linnean Society of London, dated Jan. 8th, 1858,

Senkenbergische Naturf. Gesellschaft, dated Frankfort und Main, Dec. 24th,
1857.

Data. Genootsch. der Proefond. Uijsbegeerte te Rotterdam, dated Jan. 14th,
1858,

K. K. Geolog. Reichsanstalt, dated Vienna, Jan. 22d, 1857,

Entomol. Verein in Stettin, dated Dec. 23d, 1857, and from the

Soc. Imperiale des Naturalistes de Jfoscou, dated July 1-13, 1858, acknow-
ledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

From the Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences, dated Dec. 7th, 1857,

W. Haidinger, dated Vienna, June 24th, 1857,

Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Basel, dated Dec. 10th, 1857,

K. K. Geolog. Reichsanstalt, dated Vienna, May 30th, 1857, transmitting pub-
lications.

Verein fiir Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wiirttemberg, dated Stuttgart,
Dec. 28th, 1857,

K. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften, dated Berlin, Nov. 28th 1857,

Societas Natura Artis Magistra, dated Amsterdam, Nov., 1857, transmitting
publications, and acknowledging receipt of those of the Academy.

22c?. From F. A. Sauvalle, dated Havana, June 8th, 1858, transmitting a
donation of shells.

Juh/ 6th. From K. Bayerisch. Acad, der Wissenschaften, dated Miinchen,
10th Dec, ]857, transmitting donation, and acknowledging receipt of publica-
tions of the Academy.

13^A. From Rev. W. P. Breed, dated Philadelphia, July 8th, and from Chas.
Izard McEuen, dated Philadelphia, July 10th, acknowledging their election as
members.

Socicte Vaudoise des Sc. Naturelles, dated Lausanne, 6th May, 1858, trans-
mitting donation and acknowledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

20;'A. From Myron Tompkius, M. D., Houghton, Michigan, acknowledging
his election as member.

August 3d. From the British Museum, dated London, July 2d, 1858, and
the Horticultural Society of London, dated July 7th, 1858, acknowledging re-
ceipt of publications of the Academy.

10^^. From A. Snowden Piggott, M. D., dated Baltimore, July 26th, 1858,
acknowledging his election as member.

11 fk. From the Deutsche Geolog. Gesellschaft, dated Berlin, Febr. 5th, 1858,
transmitting donation, acknowledging receipt of publications of the Academy,
and noting deficiencies.

24M. From Alfred Malherbe, dated Metz, August 4th, 1858, transmitting
prospectus of his Monographic des Picidea.

4 CORRESPONDENCE. — 1858.

September 1th. From the Public Library, Museum and Gallery of Art, Liver-
pool, datei August 2d, 1858, ackaowledgiag receipt of pablieations of the Aca-
demy, and noting deficiencies.

146%. From H. C. Sorby, dated Bromfield, Sheffield, July 6th, 1858, and
August le Jolts, dated Cherburg, August 6th, 1858, acknowledging their elec-
tion as correspondents.

Ernest Turati, dated Milan, August 11th, 1858, proposing exchanges.

21$^ From George Davidson, dated Philadelphia, Sept. 15th, 1858, acknow-
ledging his election as member.

October hth. From the British Museum, dated London, Jan. Tth, 1858 ;

The Geological Society of London, dated June 10th, 1858 ;

The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester;

Socit-te du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Strasburg, dated March 1st,
1858, severally acknowledging receipt of publications of the Academy.

Lewis Troost, dated Hot Springs, Va., Sept. 22d, 1858, offering for sale the
collection of minerals and fossils of the late Gerard Troost.

I2th. From the Zoolog. Botan. Gesellschaft of Vienna, dated June 10th,
1857, transmitting donation.

J. J. Up de Graff, dated Indianapolis, Oct. 6th, 1858, asking information, and
proposing exchanges.

J. M. Kennedy, dated Washington, Oct. 7th, 1S58, offering for sale a collection
of reptiles.

19^/i. From Arthur M. Edwards, dated New York, Oct. 12tb, 1858, and John
H. Janeway, dated Princeton, N. J., Oct. 18th, 1858, acknowledging their elec-
tion as Hiembers.

Xov. 2(1. From Daniel Egbert, M. D., U. S. N., dated Philadelphia, Oct. 28tb,
acknowledging his election as member.

BaroQ R. von Osten Sacken, dated Washington, Oct. 30, 1858, and A. Guyot,
dated Princeton, N. J., Not. Isi, 1858, acknowledging their election as Corres-
pondents.

W. P. Tatham, dated Philadelphia, Oct. 30th, 1858, transmitting donation.

9//!. From Benjamin Peirce, dated Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass..
Nov. 6th, 1S58, acknowledging his election as Correspondent.

I6th. From the Naturf. Gesellschaft in Freiburg, Oct. 15th, 1858, transmit-
ting donation.

23c?. From Societe des Sciences physiques et Naturelles, Zurich, dated June
22d, 1S58, transmitting donation, and acknowledging receipt of publications of
the Academy.

Wm. Spillman, M. D., dated Columbus, Miss., in relation to a collection of
fossils from the Ripley group to be transmitted to the Academy.

Samuel Ashmead, dated Philadelphia, Nov. 23d, 1858, resigning his office as
Curator, on account of removal from the city.

0. M. Mitche), dated Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. l7th, 1858, acknowledging his
election as correspondent.

Dec. 1th. From John M. Dow, dated Panama, Nov. 10th, 1858, acknowledg-
ing his election as member.

Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, dated June 15th, 1858, and

Societe Imperiale d'Agriculture, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts utiles de
Lyon, dated August 2d, 1858, transmitting donations and acknowledging receipt
of publications of the Academy.

Royal Society of London, dated June 20th, 1858 ;

Royal Society of Sciences of Upsal, dated .Jan. 8th, 1858 ;

Society Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, March 3 — 12, 1858 ;

Naturforschenden Verein zu Riga, Jan. 31st, 1858 ;

K. L. C. Ak. der Wissenschaften, Breslau, Nov. 20th, 1857 and June 20th.
1858 ;

Naturhist. Verein der Prenss. Rheinl. und Westphaliens, Bonn, Jan. 11, 1858;

Naturforsch. Gesellschaft in Dantzic, April 8th, 1858 ;

CORRESPONDENCE. — 1858. 5

Verein fiir Yaterl. Naturkunde in Wiirtteraburg, May 31st, 1858 ;

K. Sachs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Leipsic, June 6th, 1858 ;

University of Gottingen, Jan. 11th, 1858;

Acad. Royale des Sciences de Turin, May 15th, 1858, acknowledging receipt
of publications of the Academy.

Gesellschaft fiir Beforderung der Naturwissenschaften zu Freiburg in Bresgau,
June 25th, 1858, transmitting donation, and acknowledging receipt of publica-
tions of the Academy.

Oberhessische Gesellschaft fiir Natur und Heilkunde, Giessen, April 6th, 1858,
acknowledging receipt of publications of the Academy, and transmitting dona-
tion from Dr. Phoebus, the Secretary of the Society.

Royal Society of London, Nov. 12th, 1858, accepting offer of exchange of
publications made by the Academy.

Wm. Spillman, M. D., Columbus, Miss., Nov. 29th, 1858, transmitting dona-
tion of fossils.

George N. Lawrence, New York, Dee. 4th, 1858, sending account against the
Academy.

Royal Society of London, dated June 20th, 1858,

Royal Society of Sciences of Upsal, dated June 20th, 1858,

Soc. Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, dated March 3-12, 1858.

lilh. From his Excellency W. F. Packer, addressed to Francis Peters, Esq.,
accompanyiug the donation of a white deer received this evening.

2lst. From Joseph Jones, M. D., dated Augusta, Georgia, Dec. 13th, 1858,
acknowledging his election as member.

Mrs. Christiana W. Watson, dated Philadelphia, Dec. 20th, 1858, acknowledg-
ing receipt of the resolution adopted Nov. 30th, 1858.

Mrs. Lucy W. Say, dated Newburgh, New York, Dec. I7th, 1858, acknow-
ledging receipt of the resolution adopted Nov. 30th, 1858.

George Ord, President of the Academy, dated Philadelphia, Dec. 20th, 1858,
desiring, on account of increasing age and infirmity, to decline a re-election to
the office held by him.

Geological Society of London, dated Nov. 20th, 1858, acknowledging receipt
of publieations of tlie Academy.

20

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.

Donations to Museum. — 1858.

Jan. I2th. Molar tooth of fossil Hippopotamus, from Sicily. Presented by
Dr. Carson.

Three fossil shells, cretaceous, from Alabama. Presented by Dr. S. W.
Clanton.

Paradoxides Harlan i, from Massachusetts. Presented by Dr. Isaac Lea.

Mercenaria tridacnoides, miocene. Presented by A. U. Michener.

Eight specimens, 4 species miocene fossils, from North Carolina. Presented
by J. M. Hines.

I9th. Fossil Helix, from Wayne Co., Missouri. Presented by Dr. Uhler.

A bronze image and a face in stone, from Siam. Presented by John Henry
Smith, through Aubrey Smith.

Feb. 2d. An unusually fine specimen of a branching Coral, from Oahu, Sand-
wich Islands. Deposited by James W. Morse, Esq.

A large Polyporus, from Samoan Islands. Presented by Dr. Ruschenberger.
Fragments of fossil wood, from Tivoli, and a specimen of Rock Salt, from Salz-
burg, Tyrol. Presented by J. H. Slack.

A large and very choice collection of marine, freshwater and terrestrial
shells, containing about 1,000 species, from all parts of the world, presented
by Mrs. R. Pierpont. The genera are as follows : Aspergillum, Auricula,
Achatina, Argonauta, Avicula, Anomia, Anatina, Achatinella, ArapuUaria,
Area, Bulla, Buccinum, Bulimus, Cardium, Cymba, Cypraea, Conus, Cerithium,
Cassis, Corbis, Cassidaria, Crassatella, Chama, Chiton, Crepidula, CuculliEa,
Dentalium, Dolium, Donax, Delphinula, Eburna, Fusus, Fasciolaria, Fissurella,
Helix, Harpa, Haliotis, Isocardia, Lutraria, Lima, Mactra, Mya, Murex, Malleus,
Meleagrina, Marginella, Mitra, Modiola, Natica, Nerita, Nautilus, Ostrsea, Ovala.
Oliva, Orbicula, Oniscia, Planaxis, Purpura, Pecten, Phasianella, Pinna, Perna,
Pyrula, Placuna, Psammobia, Pholas, Petricola, Paludina, Patella, Pteroceras.
Pectunculus, Phorus, Ranella, Rotella, Strombus, Siliquaria, Spirula, Solen,
Spondylus, Struthiolaria, Scalaria, Solarium, Tellina, Terebellum, Tornatella,
Triton, Terebra, Turbo, Turritella, Trochus, Turbinola, Tridacna, Unio, Umbrella.
Venus, Voluta.

Feb. 9th. 2 fossils, from Alabama. Presented by Mr. Kirkland.
One Panopeus, 1 Ocypode, 1 Palacmon, 1 Labrax, I Pomotis, 1 Umbrina, 1
Lesbias, 1 Temnodon, 1 Lueciscus, 1 Lamna, 1 Leiostomus. From Chesapeake
Bay. Presented by Mr. Taylor.

Pseudocarcinus, Lupa, Pagurus, from Central America. Panopeus, Xantho,
(!hlorodius, Eripbia, Goniograpsus, Pagurus, Porcellaua, 3 species. A-sterias,
i)phiura, Scutella, from Panama. Presented bj' Dr. LeConte.

Feb. \6'h. Amblyopsis spelffius and Astacus pellucidus. Presented by Ward
B. Hazeltinc, Esq.

March 2d. A Polyporus, and a large, heavy, compact species of sponge
(Halichondria,) from Arica, Peru. Presented by Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger.

One coal plant, from Luzerne Co., Pa. Presented by R. Bingham.

One hundred and forty-three specimens fossils of the genera Deinotherinin,
Mastodon, Pakeotherium, Anchitherium, Lophiodon, Entelodon, Rhinoceros.
Equus, Cainotherium, Dicrocerus, Dorcatherium, Antelope. In exchange from
the Jardin des Plantes, Paris.

9<A. Two fine specimens Sphenopteris crenata, from Broad Top Mountain.
Presented by W. B.

Native Copper, from Lake Superior. Presented by A. J. Dougherty.

Five Orthoptcra, from Panama. Presented by Dr. LcConte.

Two species Orthoptera, 3 ; 2 Hemiptera, 5 ; 15 Coleoptera, 20 ; 1 Scorpio, 2 :
] Arachnide, from Honduras. Presented by Dr. LeConte and J. S. Hawkins.

Male and female Eider Duck, from Long Island. Presented by J. HarePowel.

11. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.

One Pipe fish, from the Atlantic. Presented by H. St. G. Hopkins, M. D.

Two Taxidea americana, 3 Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, 2 S. Townsendii,

1 S. ?, V Cjnomys Gunnisonii, 3 Cynomys ludovicianus, 11 Tamias quadri-

vittatus, 3 Lepus callotis, 2 Antilocapra americana, 2 Canis occidentalis,

1 Sciurus Richardsonii, 1 Mephitis mephitica, 1 Bos americanus, 1 Vespertilio,

2 Indian skulls, 1 skull Canis occidentalis. Of Birds : 1 Recurvirostra, 2 Stur-
nella neglecta, 1 Picus torquatus, 2 Sialia macroptera, 1 Numenius longirostris,
:-; Tetrao urophasianus, 2 T. obscurus, 1 Pica hudsonia, 1 Colaptes Ayressii,
1 Hirundo ?, 2 bird's nests and 14 eggs. From Kansas. Presented by Dr. Wm.
A. Hammond, U. S. A.

16th. Plumbago and calcareous spar, from Lake George. Presented by
Mr. Huddy.

'23d. Pagurus striatis, from Florida. Presented by I. Lea.
Tooth of Mastodon, from Virginia. Presented by J. D. Sergeant.

April 6ih. Slab of black slate, with numerous unknown markings ; bone of a
large saurian in red sandstone ; 5 specimens red sandstone, with imbedded
batrachian bones ; from Gwyned. on the N. Penna. R. R., Pa. Presented by
Messrs. Sergeant, Slack and Dr. Leidy.

One Belemnite and 2 shells, from Mullica Hill, N. J. ; 1 fossil coral, from near
Louisville, Ky. ; 1 fossil plant, from Pottsville, Pa. Presented by Rev. W. G.
E. Agnew.

One Scolopendra, from St. Jago, Cape Verd Islands ; 1 Julus, from Cape
Palmas, W. Africa : 1 Scorpion, remarkable for having one of its ordinary legs
developed into a large chela. Presented by Dr. J. M. Sommerville.

13/A. Six fossil shells, 3 fossil fishes (tertiary), from Astoria, Oregon.
Presented by Geo. Gibbs, through Dr. Suckley.-

Twenty species rare land shells, from Ceylon, Burmah and Africa. Presented
by Rev. E. R. Beadle, Hartford.

Several species of rare exotic Unios, principally from Siam, and several land
shells, from South America. Presented by W. A. Haines, Esq., of New York.

A perfect specimen of a most rare variety of Yoluta aulica ; a large specimen
of Leptoconchus striatus ; 1 Helix acute-dentata ; 1 H. Loisa ; 3 H. ?

Fifty species European land and fresh water shells; 20 do. American Cyclas
and Pisidium ; 35 species "West Indian land shells. Presented by W. G. Binney.

Thirteen species American fluviatile shells. Presented by J. G. Anthony.

Six species of Texan land shells. Presented by the Smithsonian Institute.

Three hundred specimens of shells, from the Sandwich Islands. Presented
by Mr. Pease.

" Eight species of California shells. Presented by J. H. Thompson, of New
Bedford.

20th Four specimens fossils, from Sharon, New York. Presented by Marj-
E. Powel.

One gold fish. Presented by Dr. Hammond.

Vial of liquid from the Fountain of Blood, near Virtud, Honduras. Presented
by Dr. LeConte.

May Mh. Skull of the Black Bear. Presented by Joseph M. Nagle.

Forty-five lizards from St. Thomas, W. I. Presented by Robert Swift, Esq.

Numerous fragments of red shale, containing reptilian remains, from near
Gwyned, on the N. Pennsylvania R. R. Presented by Messrs. Sergeant, Powel,
Camac, and Leidy.

Seventy-four marine, freshwater and terrestrial shells, 517 specimens. From
St. Simon's Island, Georgia Presented by James Postell.

Wth. Skeleton of the Porcupine. Presented by S. Ashmead.

Two Flying-fishes, from Chili, S. A. Presented by Chas. S. Rand.

Ten specimens fossils, from Texas. Presented by Francis Moore.

\ith. Fine specimen of Sula bassana. Presented by John Hare Powel.

Twelve varieties of common opal ; 2 fragments Mastodon tusk ; fragment of
lignite ; from Honduras. Presented by Dr. J. LeConte.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 111.

June \st. A collection of 2129 specimens, 709 species Coleoptera, and 280
specimens, 75 species Lepidoptera. From Italy, Hungary and Greece. Pre-
sented by F. Scliafliirt.

Four very large specimens Haliotis. Presented by J. .J. Allen, Esq.

Four Pleuronectes maculatus, 1 Fistularia tabacaria, 2 serpents, 2 salaman-
ders, 1 Pagurus poUicaris, 2 Loligo Pealii. Atlantic City. Presented by Paul
B. Goddard.

Skeleton of a monkey. Presented by S. W. Mitchell.

Forty specimens vertebrate fossils of the genera Palseotherium, Anoplothe-
rium, Dicrocerus, Mastodon, Acerotherium, Chalicotherium, Hiparion, Listrio-
don, Paloplotherium, Cricetodon, Myoxus, Titanomys, Hemicyon, and Machaia
rodus. France. In exchange.

A small collection of Uniofe, from Texas. Presented by F. Moore.

June Sth. Sixty-six Orthoptera 21 species ; 1 Hemiptera ; 18 Hymenoptera
10 species ; 10 Diptera .5 species. From Nebraska. Presented by Dr. F. V •
Hayden.

Very large scorpion. Monrovia, Liberia. E. T. Cresson.

Lepidodendron Sternbergii. Broad Top, Pa. J. H Powel.

June 15th. Chinese skull from Shanghai ; Feejee skull from Bau ; 3 Peru-
vian skulls from the ruins of old Callao ; Hispano-Peruvian skull ; 2 skulls
from Oregon and Washington Territories ; Digger Indian skull from Mare
Island ; 2 Araucania skulls. Deposited by Drs. T. J. Turner, U. S. N., and
J- A. Meigs.

Seventy-nine specimens 62 species Lepidoptera, from Honduras. Presented
by J. S. Hawkins, Esq.

A scorpion from Panama, N. G. Presented by J. L. Le Coute.

A large boa; from Honduras. J. S. Hawkins, Esq.

June 22d. Mummied bird, from a guano bed. Presented by W. Camac.

Two Salmo Gloveri. Shoodiac Lakes, Maine. Presented by Ed. Harris.

One Antomys monax. Long Branch, N. J. Presented by Saml. Powel.

Two hundred specimens Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera,
and Neuroptera. Presented by Messrs. Powel, Tilghman and Leidy.

Large specimen Astrangia astraeformis. Long Branch, N. J. Fossil flustra,
from green sand, ditto. Presented by Mr. Powel.

Agatized wood. Comayagua, Honduras. Dr. Le Conte.

Several hundred specimens of minerals, rocks, and fossils, from various
parts of the world. Presented by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell.

Fifty-two specimens terrestrial and fluviatile shells, from Cuba. Presented
by F. A. Sauvalle, of Havana.

A large and diseased gold fish. Schuylkill River. Presented by Dr. Uhler_

July Qth. One Mastodon tooth. Mouth of Columbia River. Presented by P.
B. Goddard.

Four specimens pedal tracks from red shale beneath the coal measures at
Tamaqua, Pa. Deposited by Wm. M. Gabb.

Three Pelamis, 5 Hydrophis, 1 Platax. Gulf of Siam. 1 Julus and a col-
lection of Coleoptera from Hakodadi, Japan. Presented by Dr. A. A. Hender-
son.

Five Platuris ; 1 Crocodilus. Manilla, P. 0. Mr. Wood.

Three teeth Carcharodon. Monmouth Co., N. J. Presented by James
Hulick.

Two teeth Otodus, and two of Lamna. N. Jersey. Presented by S. Powel.

Cryolite and aluminium. Presented by Wm. Frishmuth.

A large alligator gar fish. Mississippi River. Presented by Dr. T. S. Rich-
ardson.

iv. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.

July \Zih. Three fragments Baculites ; 1 Ammonite. Nebraska. Present-
ed by J. B. Fisher, Esq.

A small collection of Diptera and Hymenoptera, from Blair Co., Pa. Pres-
ented by Dr. Le Conte and Mr. Sergeant.

Two large specimens Astrangia. Long Branch, N. J. Presented by Mr.
Powel.
Osseous carapace of the box turtle. Presented by Miss M. E. Powel.

Aug. 24:th. White head variety Anser canadensis. Rhode Island. Pre-
sented by Prescott Hall, Esq., of Newport.

Eemora. Long Beach, New Jersey. Presented by Thad. Norris.

One Cistuda ; 2 Emys ; 8 sei-pents 4 species ; 2 Salmo fontinalis ; 2 Perca
liuviatilis ; 7 Leuciscus 3 species ; 4 Pomotis 2 species ; 5 Salamander 3 spe-
cies : eggs of Fringilla pusilla. Morris Co., New Jersey. Pyrohotine (nickeli-
ferous), Apatite from Kurd's mine, Morris Co., N.J. Presented by Dr. J.
C. Fisher.

Sixteen fossils from the carboniferous limestone of Quiucy, Illinois. Pre-
sented by Harry and Rowland Cox.

One fossil from the Chemung group. Steuben Co., New York. Presented by
S. B. Buckley.

Tinga Schinzii. Del. River, near Philadelphia. Presented by C. Kuhn.

Sept. 1th. Eleven specimens Magnesite, Brucite, Pyroxine, Marmolite,
Talc, Asbestos, Fossil wood. From New York. Presented by J. E. Coleman,
through J. H. Slack.

Forty-seven specimens 11 species Menopoma, Hyla, Scincus, Salamander,
Triton, Tropidonotus, Crotalus, Coluber, From Warren Co., Pa. Presented
by J. H. Slack.

* One Spectrum, 1 Cyathophyllum, 7 Unio 4 species, two fragmentary human
crania (Indian ?) 6 species of terrestrial and fluviatile shells. Presented by
J. H. Slack.

Twenty-four specimens 9 species Esox, Centrarcus, Lucioperca, Catastomus,
Leuciscus, Salmo, and Pomotis. From Warren Co., Pa. Presented by J. H.
Slack.

Belone truncata. Delaware Bay. Pi-esented by Dr. Uhler.

Twenty-two specimens Helix, Succinea, Neretina and Melania. From
Hakodadi, Japan. Presented by Dr. A. A. Henderson.

Hapale ? Presented by Christopher C. Wood.

Four species Circus, Falco, Erismatura, Otis. Tunis, Africa. Presented by
W. S. Vaux.

Fourteen Saurians, from St. Thomas, W. I. Presented by Robert Swift, Esq.

Sept. lAth. Twenty-five specimens 9 species Fossil shells. Fimbria, Turri-
teUa, Paludina, Natica, Cassis, Corbula, Voluta, Ancillaria and Plicatula,
from Claiborne, Ala. Presented by T. P. Cleaveland, Augusta, Georgia.

Seventy five specimens 8 species, marine shells, from Absecom, N. J. Pre-
sented by G. W. Farquhar, Philada.

One specimen of impression of fern and bark on slate, from the Sharp
Mountain Mine, Schuylkill Co., Pa. Presented by W. G. Farquhar.

A collection of shells, from Florida. Presented by Gustavus Wurdeman, U.
S. Coast Survey, through W. G. Binney.

Seven specimens of Ripple ? marked sand stone, from Second Mountain and
west branch of Schuylkill River ; and 1 specimen of fossil carbonized bark,
from Schuylkill Co., Pa. Presented by Chas. W. Cresson.

One reptile, from Caraccas. Presented by Alfred B. Durand.

Sept. 21st. A sponge from the shores of the Mediterranean near Smyrna.
Presented by Rev. H. S. Osborn.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. V.

Seven specimens 5 species insects, from Hakodadi ; 16 species of corals from
Singapore. Presented by Dr. A. A. Henderson, U. S. N.

Four hundred and thirty-one specimens of 10 species Diptera, 14 Hymenop-
tera, 80 Lepidoptera, 13 Neuroptera, 14 Orthoptera, 10 Hemiptera, 22 Coleop-
tera. Schooley's Mt., N. J. Presented by Dr. J. C. Fisher.

Sixty-nine specimens of 13 species Coleoptera, 8 Hymenoptera, 3 Hemip-
tera, 2 Diptera, 1 Neuroptera. From Conway, New Hampshire. Presented
by Dr. Le Conte.

Fifteen specimens of 2 species Diptera, 2 Hemiptera, 3 Hymenoptera, 3
Lepidoptera, 1 Coleoptera. From the neighborhood. J. D. Sergeant.

Six Diptera 5 species and 1 Coleoptera. From Massachusetts, New York
and Philadelphia. Presented by James Ridings.

Thirteen insects, from Warren Co., Pa. Presented by J. H. Slack.

Holoderma horridum. Arizona Territory.

Branch and fruit of Secjuoia gigautia. Presented by the California Acad.
Nat. Sciences.

Oct. 5th. Neophron percuopterus, Milvus regalis, Rallus crex. From Tunis,
Africa. Presented by W. S. Vaux.

One PuflSn. Delaware Bay. Presented by Thos. Beesley.

One hundred and sixty-seven specimens American, and 207 British Lepi-
doptera ; 20 Arachnides ; 19 Myriapods ; 21 Neuroptera ; 5 Orthoptera ; 60
Hemiptera ; 17 Hymenoptera ; 44 Diptera. Presented by E. T. Cresson.

Oct. 12th. One Leucosia, n. s. Japan. Presented by Dr. A. A. Hender-
son, U. S. N.

Stercorite (microcosmic salt from guano). Presented by Dr. R. Bridges.

Geode of Calcedony enclosing a nodule of pyrites. From Comeagua, Hon-
duras. S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Fossil human cranium. From near Santos, Brazil. Presented by Capt.
W. F. Lynch, U. S. N.

Two beaver Skulls. Presented by J. G. Fisher, Esq.

Native Copper. Lake Superior. Presented by Jos. Jeanes, Esq.

Sulphuret of copper with silver from Sonora. Presented by Dr. J. C. Fisher.

Sulphuret of Cobalt. La Paz, Bolivia. Dr. Le Conte,

Three insects, from White Mts. Dr. Le Conte.

Nine specimens fossil fishes in bituminous shales. From Albert Co., New
Brunswick. Presented by Jos. Jeanes, Esq.

Forty-three specimens 25 species Diptera, from the neighborhood. From
James Ridings.

Eight Hymenoptera 6 species ; 4 Diptera 2 ; 3 Hemiptera 2 ; 1 Lepidoptera ;
1 Coleoptera. Presented by J. D. Sergeant.

Ninty-five Lepidoptera 72 species ; 8 Hymenoptera 7 ; 24 Neuroptera 12 ;
18 Hemiptera 17 ; lo Diptera 14 ; 4 Coleoptera 4 ; 3 Orthoptera 3 ; 42 Arach-
nida 15. Trenton, N. J. Presented by Chas. C. Abbott.

Eighteen reptiles, serpents, saurians, and batrachians, 12 species ; 6 species
ashes; l.Julus; 2 Scolopendra. From Singapore. Presented by S. Drinker, Esq.

Euchroma gigantea. Panama. Dr. Ruschenberger.

Oct. 20th. Fourteen Lepidoptera 8 species. Newport. R. I. Mr. Remont^

One hundred and twenty Lepidoptera 31 species ; 85 Neuroptera 16 ; 27
Hymenoptera 11. Newport, R. I. Mr. Samuel Powel.

Sixty-eight Lepidoptera 23 species ; 11 Coleoptera 5 ; 11 Orthoptera 8. New-
port, R. I. Dr. R. Bridges.

One hundred and ninety -two Lepidoptera 85 species ; 36 Coleoptera 26 ; 367
Diptera 80 ; 87 Hemiptera 29 ; 168 Hymenoptera 50. Newport, R. L Dr.
Jos. Leidy.

One Ophisaurus, from Tennessee. Presented by J. G. Anthony.

VI. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.

Four Ancillaria gibbosa, Ten., and 8 A. Kirtlandiaua, Va. Presented by J.
G. Anthony.

Three specimens Stizus. N. Carolina. Dr. H. G. Lugren.

Antler of reindeer. From four feet below the surface, near Vincentown, New
.Jersey. Presented by C. Moore, Esq.

Xov. 1st. Eight specimens ores of silver. Chihuahua, Mexico. Presented
by Dr. B. C. Ludlow,

Elaps from Venezuela. Presented by Dr. C. D. Meigs.

Mummied child, from Thebes. Presented by J. A. Lehman.

Ten specimens fossil shells, from Utah. Presented by A. S. .Johnston.

Triquetra contorta. Lea. Shanghai, China. Presented by H. Cuming.

Young Muskrat (mounted.) Presented by Dr. Corse.

Ten species Orthoptera 15 ; 7 Hemiptera 40. From Fort Laramie. C.
Drexler.

An Armadillo. From W. P. Tatham.

Four species Orthoptera. China. Dr. A. A. Henderson.

A large writing slate, 5 feet by 3 feet. Presented by J. H. Slack.

Apophyllite. Bergen Hill, New Jersey. W. S. Vaux.

Green oxide of Chromium. From Chromate of Potash Works, Baltimore.
Presented by Dr. A. S. Piggot.

Nov. 9th. Two fine specimens of Opal, from near San Antonio, Honduras.
Presented by J. C. Trautwine.

A collection of birds, consisting of 57 species, from Japan, Philippines, and
China. From Dr. A. A. Henderson, U. S. N.

Xov. 16<A. Female opossum, living. Presented by Dr. J. H. Jaueway.
Twenty specimens Orthis insculpta. Oxford, Ohio. Presented by Prof.
David Christy.
A large bee, from Concepion, Chili. Dr. Ruschenberger.

Nov. 23d. Pectolite with Calc-spar. Bergen Hill, N. J. Presented by
W. S. Vaux.

One Arvicola, 1 Tamias, mounted specimens. Presented by Dr. Corse.

Two Hesperiphona vespertina, m. and f. Rock Island Co., Hlinois. Pre
sented by J. D. Sergeant.

Dec. "tth. Fish and Cray-fish, from Mammoth Cave, Ky. Presented by
Walter Brown.

Three minerals from Honduras. Presented by J. C. Trautwine.

Living Mtiskrat. Presented by Dr. Corse.

A mink (Mustela vison). Presented by George Wanger.

A Siamese cranium, taken from a Necropolis near a temple in Siam. Pre-
sented by J. E. Semple, M. D., U. S. N,

Fasc. V. VI. Lichenes Amer. Septent. Curante E. Tuckennan. Presented
by E. Tuckerman.

Two coal plants. Tioga Co., Pa. Presented by A. E. Dougherty.

Dec.liih. Skin of an Albino Deer, (male.) Lycoming Co., Pa. Presented by
his excellency W. F. Packer, Governor of Pennsylvania, through F. Peters, Esq.

Bones of Hadrosaurus Foulkii, consisting of nine teeth, 28 vertebrje, 1 hume-
rus, 1 radius, 1 ulna, 1 ilium, 1 os pubis, 1 femur, 1 tibia, 1 fibula, 2 meta-
tarsal bones, 1 phalanx, and a number of small fragments. From the Green-
sand formation of J. E. Hopkins' farm, near Haddonfield, N. J. Presented
by W. Parker Fotilke, Esq.

Fifteen Diptera 9 species ; 10 Hemiptera 8 ; 5 Neuroptera ; 4 Orthoptera 3 ;
13 Hymenoptera 13 ; 13 Lepidoptera 8 ; 2 Coleoptera 1. Near Philadelphia.
Dr. Jos. Leidy.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. VU.

Thirteen Diptera 1 species. Newport, R. I. S. Powel.

Forty Hemiptera 14 species. Altoona, Pa. Dr. Le Conte.

One Mantis, 2 Libellula. Dr. J. L. Burtt.

One Belostoma. H. B. Dewey. 1 Scorpio, 1 Scolopendra, W. Africa. Dr.
Ford. 11 ants, W. Africa. Dr. Savage.

Seven microscopic specimens. Pi-esented by Dr. J. C. Morris, tlirough the
Biological Department.

Dec. 2\st. Twenty-one species 70 specimens, cretaceous mollusca, from
Tippah Co., Mississippi. Presented by Dr. Wm. Spillman.

Vertebra of Balaena palseatlantica. Miocene, N. Carolina. Presented by
Dr. W. A. Norcom.

Eight specimens vertebrae and ribs of two species of extinct Cetaceans, from
miocene marl of Pitt Co., N, C. Presented by Dr. James M. Hines.

Numerous fragments of cetacean bones, from miocene deposits, near Old
Point Comfort, Va. Presented by Dr. Eppes.

Two fragments of fossil wood, from the drift, near Haddonfield, N. J. Pre-
sented by Miss A. Cooper.

Fine skull of the Wild Boar, from Tunis, Africa. Presented by W. S. Vaux.

Iron ore, from Iron Mt., Missouri. Presented by Dr. Uhler.

Horns of the Cape Ox. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. R. E. Rogers.

Twenty-one microscopic specimens. From the Biological Department.

Forty-three microscopic specimens. Deposited by Mr. J. H. Slack, through
the B. D.

One Emys. Mississippi. Presented by Dr. W. Spillman.

A Chinese cranium, and model of a compressed foot of a Chinese lady. Pre-
sented by J. E. Semple, M. D., U. S. N.

Ninety-three Lepidoptera 40 species ; 84 Diptera 50 ; 100 Hymenoptera 45 ;
43 Hemiptera 22 ; 30 Orthoptera 19 ; 25 Neuroptera 15 ; 40 Coleoptera 24. New-
port, R. I. Presented by S. Powel, Jr.

One hundred and twenty-four Hymenoptera 59 species ; 34 Hemiptera 23 ;
13 Coleoptera 12 ; 13 Diptera 8 ; 4 Orthoptera 4 ; 58 Lepidoptera 40 ; 26 Neu-
roptera 12. Rhode Island. Presented by Joseph Leidy.

A small collection of oriental shells. Presented by Dr. B. H. Coates.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Donations to Llbrary — 1858.

■January oth, 1858. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the
usual conditions :

Journal of the Franklin Institute, Dec., 1857.

Fossils ofSouth Carolina. By Tuomey and Holmes. Nos. 13, 14 and 15.

London, Edinbui-gh and Dublin Philosoi^hical Magazine. Dec, 1857, and
Supplement.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Dec, 1857.

Malakozoologisches Blatter. Bd 4. Bogea 9 — 11.

London Athenaeum. Nov., 1857.

Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Gepgraphischer Austalt. Von Dr. A. Peter-
mann, 1857. 9 — 10.

L'Organisation du Regne Animal. 25 livr.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Landplanarien. Yon Dr. Max Schultze. Halle,
1857.

Plantae Indise Batavs Orientalis quas exploravit C. G. C. Reinwardt. Fasc. 2.

Beitrage zur Osteologie der Nagethiere. Von C. G. Giebel. Berlin, 1857.

Suites a BufFon. Histoire des Coralliaires. T. 1 et 2. Planches 1 — 2 livi-
raisons.

Bibliotheca Geographica. Herausg. von W. Engelmann. 2te Hdlfte. Leip-
zig, 1858.

Fauna Austriaca. Die Kiifer. Von L. Redtenbacher. 5 und 6 heft. Wien,
1858.

Reagentien-Tabelle. Von Dr. H. Klencke. Leipzig, 1858.

Die Foraminiferen der Miociln-Schichten bei Ortenburg in Nieder-Bayern.
Von Dr. J. G. Egger. Stuttgart, 1857.

Der Jura. Von ^F. A. Quenstedt. 2te lief. Tubingen, 1856.

Synopsis des Echinides Fossiles. Par E. Desor. 5me. livr. Planches.
5me. livr."

L'Insecte. Par J. Michelet. Paris, 1858.

Omphalos : an attempt to untie the Geological Knot. By J. H. Gosse. Lon-
don, 1857.

Rambles of a Naturalist on the Coasts of France, Spain and Sicily. By A. de
Quatrefages. 2 vols. London, 1857.

Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. 2, containing Lithocolletis. Parti. Bv
H. T. Stainton. London, 1857.

12^. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual con-
ditions :

Naturgeschichte aus den besten Schriftstellern mit Merianischen und neuen
Kupfern. ler Abschnitt der Sommer-Vogel. Heilbronn, 1778.

Museum Regium Christiani V. Descrip. ab Oligero Jacobaeo. Hafniae, 1696.

Histoire Physique de la Mer. Par Louis Ferdinand, Comte de Marsilli. Am-
sterdam, 1725.

Description Anatomique d'un Elephant Male. Par P. Camper. Paris, 1802.

Zur Kenntniss der Wirbelthier-Skelettes. Von B. C. Briihl. Wien, 1845. ]•
abth. 1 halfte.

Memoires d' Anatomie et de Physiologic comparees. Par P. Flourens. Paris,
1844.

A Review of the works of the Royal Society of London. By Jno. Hill, M. D.
London, 1751.

Orang Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris : or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie compared
with that of a Monkey, an Ape and a man. By E. Tyson, M. D. London, 1699.

Naturgeschichte der Europilischen Schraetterlinge nach systematischer Ord-
nung. Von M. B. Borkhausen. 5 th. Frankfurt, 1788—1794.

Bath and Bristol Magazine. Bath, 1832—1834. 3 vols.

11. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

The Figures, Description and History of Exotic Animals, comprised under the
classes Amphibia and Pisces of Linnaeus. By Jno. Walcott, Esq. London, 1788.

Uccelliera overo discorso della natura, e Proprieta di dirersi Uccelli. Di G.
P. Olina. Roma, 1622.

Transactions of the Philosophical and Literary Society of Leeds. Vol. 1, pt. 1.
London, 1837.

Yon Wiirmern des Siissen und Salzigen "Wassers. Yon 0. F. Miiller. Ko-
penhagen, 1771.

G. H. Kramer Elenchus Yegetabilium et Animalium per Austriam Inferiorem
Observatorum sistens ea in Classes et Ordiues Genera et Species redacta. Yiennae.
1756.

Wanderings in New South Wales, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore and China.
By Geo. Bennett. London. 1834. 2 vols.

Two Expeditions into the Intei-ior of Southern Australia during 1828 — 31. Ey
('apt. Chas. Sturt. London, 1834. 2 vols.

Wanderings and Adventures in the Interior of Southern Africa. By Andrew
Steedman. London, 1835. 2 vols.

Ornithological Dictionary ; or, Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds. By
George Montagu. London, 1802. 2 vols.

Sarawak; its Inhabitants and Productions. By Hugh Low. London, 1848.

Histoire Naturelle du Jorab et de ses Environs. Par C. De Razoumowsky.
Lausanne, 1789. Tomes 1 et 2.

Geschichte und Beurtheilung aller Systeme in der Zoologie nach ihrer Eat-
wiklungsfolge von Aristoteles bis auf die gegenwiirtige Zeit. Von JohaniieB
Spix. Niirnberg, 1811.

Naturgescbichte im Auszuge des Linneischen Systems. Von E. J. C. Esper.
Niirnberg.

Fauna Austrite. Yon K. Dnftschmid. Linz und Leipzig, 1805 — 1825. Theil
1,2,3.

Chapters on Fossil Botany. By S. R. Pattison. London. 1849.

The Natural History of the Order Cetacea, and the Oceanic Inhabitants of the
Arctic Regions. By U. W. Uewhurst. London, 1834.

Transactions of the Liverpool Polytechnic Society. Liverpool, 1849.

Methode analytique des Fossiles, fondee sur leurs caracteres exterieurs. Par
H. Struve. Paris, 1798.

Eine Anleitung die interessantesten mikroskopischen Objecte aus alien drey
Reichen der Natur. Von J. F. W, Koch, ler theil. Magdeburg, 1803.

Outlines of Geology. By W. T. Brande. London, 1817.

Plantae Favershamienses. By E. Jacob. London, 1777.

Histoire Geographique, politique et Naturelle de la Sardaigne. Par D. A.
Azuni. Paris, 1802. 2 vols.

The Natural History of Animals. By T. Rymer Jones. Vol. 1. London, 1845.

A Popular Guide to the Observation of Nature. By R. Mudie. London, 1832.

A Conspectus of the Butterflies and Moths found in Britain. By Jas. Eennie.
London, 1832.

Museum Meyerianum, sive Catalogus Rerum Naturalium, etc. Collegit C. P.
Meyer.

^Taxidermy : or, the art of collecting, preparing and mounting objects of Natu-
ral History. By Mrs. R. Lee. London, 1843.

Museum Tradescantium. By J. Tradescant. London, 1656.
A Rudimentary Treatise on Geology. By Lieuft-Col. Portlock. London.
1849.
Philosophia Entomologica. J. C. Fabricii. Hambargi et Kilonii, 1778.
Natuurkundige Verlustigingen behelzende microscopise waarneemingen van
inen uitlandse water- en land-dieren. Door M. Slabber. Haarlem, 1778.
Ostuographic de la Baleine. Par T. Dubar. Bruxelles, 1828.
Dissertatio de Sceleto Pisciura, Auctore J. Van der Hoeven. Lxigduni-
Batavorum, 1822.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 111.

Neiies Thier-Buch, oder; Merckwiirdige Beschreibung der Tbieren und
Vogeln. Prag, 1718.

Bergniannisches Reise in Serbien in Auftrag der Fiirstlich-Serbischen Re-
gieruug ausgefiirlit im Jahre, 1835. Von S. A W. Freiherrn von Herder. Pestb.
1846.

Specimen Zoophytologiae Diluvianfe. Auc. J. Michelotti.

Martini Lister Concbyliorum Bivalvium Exercitatio Anatomica, etc. Londini.
1696.

Erucarum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis, etc. Per M. S.
Merian. Amstelsdami.

Caroli Linnaei Animalium Specierum in Classes, ordines, genera, species me-
thodica dispositio, etc. Lugduui Batavorum, 1*759.

Caroli Linntei Systema Nature. Lug. Batav. 1756.

26th. Charleston Medical Journal and Review. January, 1858. From the
Editor.

American Journal of Science and Arts. January, 1858. From the Editors.

Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society. Vol. 2. Springfield.
1857. From J. A. Lapham.

Reports of Explorations and Surveys to ascertain the most practicable and
economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.
Washington, 1856. Vols. 3 and 4.

New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, for January, 1858. From the
Editors.

An Enquiry into M. A. D'Abbadie's Journey to EafFa, to discover the Source
of the Nile. By Chas. T. Beke. London, 1851. Also a Letter to M. Daussy, by
the same. From the Author.

Annales des Mines T. 11. 3 livr. de 1857.

The works of Ulysses Aldrovandus published at Bonn, from 1599 to 166b.
in 13 vols. From J. H. Slack.

February 2d. On the Newer Pliocene and Post Pliocene Deposits of the vicin-
ity of Montreal, with notices of fossils recently discovered in them. By J. W.
Dawson. Montreal. 1858. From the Author.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. December. From the Editors.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 2, No. 2. New
series. From the Editor.

London Natural History Review. Oct., 1857. From the Editors.

Catalogue or Alphabetical Index of the Astor Library. Part 1. A to L.

Lettres sur les Roches du Jura et leur Distribution Geographique dans les
deux Hemispheres. Par J. Marcou. lere livr. Paris, 1857. From the Author.

Recueil des Actes de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres etArts
de Bordeaux. 18 annee, 1856. Bordeaux.

Exposition de operations faites en Lapponie pour la Determination d'un arc
du Meridien en 1801 — 3. Par Jons Svauberg. Stockholm, 1805.

Separatdruck naturwissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen aus den Schriften des
Zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien. 1856. From the Union.

Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien. Bd. 6. Jahr,.
1857. From the Union.

Wiirttembergische naturwissenscbaftliche Jahreshefte. 8 Jahr., 3 Heft.; 10
Jahr., 3 Heft. ; 12 Jahr., 3 Heft. : 13 Jahr., 1 Heft. ; 13 Jahr., 2 Heft. From the
Edtors.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. 22 Jahr., 4 and 5 Heft. From the Editor.

Kongiiga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handliugar. Ny Foljd. Forsta
Bandet. Forsta Hiiftel, 1855.

Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, foriir 1854.

Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Trettonde
Argiingen, 1856.

Dr. T. B. Wilson presented the following on the usual conditions :

IV. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

London Athenasum. December, 1857.

Kosmos. No. 10.

Die Natur. Nos. 41 and 42.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Nos. 10 and 11.

Comptes Rendus. T. 42. Nos. 19, 20, 21, 25, 26.

9th. Untersuchungen iiber den innern Baueiniger Rheinischen Brachiopoden.
Von Dr. Fr. Sandberger. From the -Author.

Annual Report of the Geological Survey of the State of Wisconsin. From E.
Daniels.

Geologische Ubersicht der Bergbane der Osterreichischen Monarchic. Von F.
R. von Hauer und F. Foetterle. From F. von Hauer.

16th. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. By Dr. Living-
stone. New York, 1858. From J. Jeanes, Esq.

Annual Report of the Council and OfBcers of the American Geographical
and Statistical Society, for the year 185T. From the Society.

Catalogue of the Library of the American Geographical and Statistical So-
ciety. Compiled by E. R. Straznicky. From the Society.

Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society. 25th
May, 1857. By Sir R. L Murchison. From the Author.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, for 1857. pp. 1 to 192 ; and
1 856, pp. 65 to 435, with title pages and list of plates. Also, Transactions of the
same Society. Vol. 4, Part 4. From the Society.

March 2d. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual
conditions :

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. January, 1858, and Supplement for
December, 1857.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. Jan., 1858.

The Zoologist, from October, 1856, to January, 1858.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. T. 7, Nos. 1 — 3.

Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Door F. A. W. Miguel. 2de deel. ; Afl. 3.

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of New Species, &c. By W. C. Hewit-
son. Parts 5 to 25.

The Naturalist, from October, 1856, to January, 1858.

Neuroptera Austriaca. Von F. Brauer und F. Low. "Wien, 1857.

Kaferbuch ; Allgemeine und Specielle Naturgeschichte der Kafer Europa's.
Von Dr. C. G. Calwer. Stuttgart. 1858.

Johann Andreas Naumann's Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutschlands. Leip-
zig. 12 vols, complete ; and 7 parts of Vo!. 13th.

History of British Birds. By F. 0. Morris. Parts 77 to 90.

niustrations of British Mycology. Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Part 17.

Memoirs of the Royal Society of Sciences of Liege. Vols. 12 and 13. From
the Society.

Natural History of Insects. Genera of Coleoptera, by T. Lacordaire. Vol. 4.
From the Author.

Memoires de la Societe Academique de Maine et Loire, ler vol. Nos. 1 et 2.
From the Society.

Etablissements Scientifiques et artistiques d'Angers. Par M. T. C. Berand.
From the Author.

Die Versteinerungen des Rheinischen Schiclitensystens in Nassau. Von Dr.
G. und F. Sandberger. Wiesbaden, 1850—1856. From the Authors.

Systematische Beschreibung und Abbildiing der Versteinerungen, etc. Von
Dr. G. und F. Sandberger. From the Authors.

Observations on the Genus Unio, together with descriptions of new species in
the family Unionidse. By I.Lea, LL.D., &c. Vol. 6, part 1. From the Author.

9th. How to work with the Microscope. By L. S. Beale. London, 1857.
From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Desc.iptions of new Organic Remains from North-eastern Kansas, indicating

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. V.

the existence of Permian Rocks in that Territory. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hay-
den, M. D. From the Authors.

Peninsular Journal of Medicine. Feb., 1858. From the Editors.

Remains of Domestic animals discovered among Post-Pleiocene Fossils in
South Carolina. By F. S. Holmes. From the Author.

The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. March, 1858. From
the Editors.

Abstract of the Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. Nos. 1 — 3.
From the Society.

Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Geological Society of
London, on the 20th of February, 1857. By Col. J. E. Portlock. Loudon, 1857.
From the Author.

American Journal of Science and Arts. March, 1858. From the Editors.

Essai Monographique sur les Pisidies Francaises. Par A. Baudou. Paris.
1857. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Catalogue des Coquilles recueillies a la Guadeloupe et ses dependances. Par
M. Brau. Paris, 1853. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et Appliquee. 1857, No. 12. From Dr.
T. B. Wilson.

Catalogue des Livres composant la Bibliotheque Scientifique de Fen. M. A.
Brongniart. Paris, 1858. From Dr. Wilson.

Kosmos. 1857, No. 12. From Dr. Wilson.

Gazophylacium rerum Naturalium, etc. Leipzig, 1733. From Dr. Wilson.

IQth. Quarterlv Journal of the Geological Society of London. Nos. 31, 35,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, and Index and Table of Contents. Vol. 10.
From the Society.

Kritische Untersuchung der Arten des Molluskengeschlechts Venus beiLinne
und Gmelin mit Beriicksichtigung der Spilter beschriebenen Arten. Von Dr. E.
Ronier. Cassel, 1858. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Naturgeschichte der Vogel Mecklenburgs. Von H. D. F. Zander. 6, 7, 8 lief.
From Dr. Wilson.

Biographisch-Literarisches Handworterbuch zur Geschichte der exacten Wis-
senschaften. Von J. C. Poggendorff. Ite lief. Leipzig, 1858. From Dr.
Wilson.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. January, 1858. From Dr. Wilson.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1857. No. 12. From Dr. Wilson.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Tome 7, No. 4, From Dr. Wilson.

Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicse. Vol. 2. Batavia, 1857. From
Dr. Wilson.

SystematischesConchylien Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. 3 Bd. Heft. 1^^.

From Dr. Wilson.

Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt, &c. Von Dr. A.
Petermann. 1857, No. 12. From Dr. Wilson.

Comptes Rendus. T. 46. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. From Dr. Wilson.

Rudolph Wagners Icones Physiologicaa. Erliinterungstafeln zur Physiologic
undEntwickelungsgeschichte. DurchgehendsneuBearbeitetundherausgegeben.
Von A. Ecker. 3 lieferung. Leipzig 1854.

New York Journal of Medicine. March, 1857. From the Editors.

New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. March, 1858. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 6, pp. 273 to 304.
From the Society.

23</. Dr. T. B. Wilson presented the following on the usual conditions.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. February, 1858.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. February, 1858.

The Zoologist. No. 187.

The Naturalist. No. 84.

London Athenteum. January, 1858.

Bulletin mensuel de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d' Acclimatation. T. 5.
No. 1.

VI. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Om de Jakttagelser bfver Vattenhojdens och Yindarnes Forandringar, etc. Af
A. Erdmann. From the Author.

Geologiska Karta ofver Fjris Ans Dalbacken uppriittad. Ar., 1856. Af A.
Erdmann. From the Author.

Critical Researches in Medical Terminology. Bj Bennet Dowler. From the
Author.

April f.ih. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual
conditions :

United States Exploring Expedition, during the years 1838 — 1842. Botany,
Phanerogamia. By Asa Gray, M. D. Vol. 1. New York, 1854. Atlas of the
same. Vol. 1.

Systematische Untersuchungen iiber die Vegetation der Karaiben, insbe-
sondere dar Insel Guadaloupe. Von A. Grisebach. GiJttingen, 1857.
Geologische Fragen. Von B. Cotta. Iste und 2te Hiilfte. Foriberg, 1857-8.

Geschichte der Botanik. Studien. Von E. H. F. Meyer. 4ter Bd. Konigs-
berg, 1857.

Die Siisswasserfische der Ostereichischen Monarchic. Von -J. Heckel und Dr.
R. Kner. Leipzig, 1858.

Kosmos. Entwurf einer physischea Weltbeschreibung. Von A. Von Hum-
boldt. 4ter Bd. Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1858.

Der Jura. Von Fr. A Quenstedt. 3te lief. Tubingen, 1858.

Entwickelungsgeschichte des Pflanzenkeims, Von Dr. Th. Hartig. Leip-
zig, 1858.

N'aturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Iste abth. Coleoptera. 2ter
Bd. Bearbeitet von Dr. G. Kraatz. Berlin, 1858.

Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae. Vol. 1. Sistens Agaricos, &c. Scrip.
E. Fries. Ursaliae, 1857.

Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik. Heraus. Von Dr. X. Pringsheim.
Iter Bd., 2tes Heft. Berlin, 1857.

Hutten-Erzeugnisse und andere auf kiinstlichem "Wege gebildete Minera-
lien als Stiitzpuncte geologischer Hypothesen. Von K. C. V. Leonhard. Ites
heft. Stuttgart, 1858.

Description des Animaux saus Vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris.
Par G. P. Deshayes. Livr. 11 et 12.

Expedition dans les parties centrales de L'Araerique du Sud. etc., executee
sous la direction du Comte Fr. de Caatelnau, 6me. partie. Botanique. 7e
livr,

Mittheilungen aus .Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt. &c. Von Dr. A.
Petermann. 1857. No. 11.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 1 Bd. No. 1 — 5.

Flora Saraepontana Fossilis. VonFr. Goldenberg. 2tes heft. Saarbriicken.
1857.

Kosmos. No. 11.

Palseontologie Francaise. Par A. D'Orbigny. Livr. 255 et 256.

Malakozoologische Blatter. V. Bd. 1 — 2 Bog.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1858. No. 1.

Bulletin de la Societe Imperialc Zoologique d' Acclimatation. T. 4. No. 12.
Journal de la Physiologie de 1' Homme et des Animaux publie sous la direction
du Dr. E. Brown-Sequard. T. 1. Janvier, 1858.

Comptes Rendus. Index to vol. 44. Nos. 22 — 24 for 1857, and Nos. 5 to 8 for
1858.

I3ih. Quarterly Journal of the London Geological Society. No. 53. From
the Society.

Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin. Vols. 3, 4 5, and part 1 of vol.
6. From the London Geological Society.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. February, 1858. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the American Association for the advancement of Science.
11th meeting. Cambridge. 1858. From the Association.

^ DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Vll.

Second and third Reports of the Geological Survey in Kentucky, made during
the years 1856 and 1857. By David Dale Owen. Frankfort, Kentucky. 1857.
2 vols. From the Author.

Maps and Illustrations referred to in vols. 2 and 3 of the Report of the Geo-
logical Survey of Kentucky, 1857. From D. D. Owen.

Descriptions of New Fossils from the coal measures of Missouri and Kansas.
By B. F. Shumard and G. C. Swallow. St. Louis, 1858. From the Authors.

The following were presented by H. C. Sorby :

On the Contorted Stratification of the Drift of the Coast of Yorkshire. By H.
C, Sorby. Leeds, 1852.

On the Origin of Slaty-cleavage. By H. C. Sorby. 1853.

On the Physical Geographv of the Tertiary Estuary of the Isle of Wight. By
H. C. Sorby.' Edinburgh, 1857.

On the Physical Geography of the Old Red Sandstone Sea of the Central Dis-
trict of Scotland. By H. C. Sorby. Edinburgh, 1856.

On Yedmandale, as illustrating the Excavation of some Valleys in the Eastern
part of Yorkshire. By H. C. Sorby. 1854.

On Slaty-cleavage, as exhibited in the Devonian Limestones of Devonshire.
By H. C. Sorby. 1856.

On the Theory of the Origin of Slaty-cleavage. By H. C. Sorby. 1856.

On the Terraces in the Valley of the Tay, north of Dunkeld. By H. C. Sorby.
Edinburgh, 1856.

Geological Survey of the Environs of Philadelphia. By 0. Troost, M. D.
Philada., 1826. From Mr. S. Powel.

Introduction to a Course of Lectures on Natural History. By Chas. W, Peale.
Philada., 1800. From S. Powel.

'20th. Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues in den
K. Preussischen Staaten. Bd. 3—20, (1826 to 1851) and lief. 42 to 44, (1853.)
Neue Reihe, 4ter Jahr., 2, 3 lief. From the Union.

Denkschriften der K. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Mathemat.-Naturwissen.
Classe. 13 Bd. From the Academy.

Sitzungsberichte de K. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Mathemat.-Naturwis.
Classe. Bd. 23. 2 heft. ; Bd. 24. Heft. 1—2. From the Academy.

Zeitschrift fiir die Gesammten Naturwisseuschaften. Bd. 7, 8, and heft. 1 — 6
of Bd. 9. From the Editors, Giebel and Hentz.

Berichte uber die Verhandlungen der K. Siichs. Gesellschaft der Wissen-
schaften zu Leipzig. Mathemat.-Phys. Classe. 1857. 1 and 2. From the
Society.

Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fiir Sachsen und Thiiriu-
gen in Halle. 1 Bd. 1 heft. From the Editors, Giebel and Heintz.

Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologieund Petrefakten-kunde.
1857. 4 heft. From H. G. Brown.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. 22 Jahr., 6 heft. From the Editor.

Verslagen en Mededeelingen derKoninklijke Akademies van Weteusschappen.
Afdeeling Letterkunde. 2 Deel. ; 2, 3, 4 Stuk. ; 6 Deel.; 1, 2, 3 Stuk. From the
Academy.

Wiirttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. 8 Jahr., 3 heft. ; 11
Jahr., 3 heft., and Taf. 8 — 13. From the Wurtemberg Natural History Society.

Oversigt over det Kongelige danska Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger
og dets Medlemmers Arbeider i Aaret. 1856. From the Society.

Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Gefiisskryptogamen. Von W. Hofmeister, II. Leip-
zig, 1857. From the Royal Society of Sciences of Saxony.

Auseinandersetzung einer ZweckmiLssigen Methode zur Berechnung der Ab-
3oluten Storungen der Kleinen Planeten. Von P. A. Hansen. From the same.

Uber die Thermoelektrischen Eigenschaften des Boracites. Von W. G. Han-
kel. From the same.

Uber die Messung der Atmospharischen Elektriciliit nach Absoluten Maasse.
Von W. G. Hankel. From the same.

VUl. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. •

Memoires de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de
Dijon. 2eme Serie. T. 1 — 5. From the Academy.

Annales des Mines. 5eme Serie. T. 12. 4e livr. de 1857. From the Minister of
Public Works of France.

Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg. T. 4.
From the Society.

Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino. Serie 2da. T. 16.
From the Academy.

Description d'un nouTcau Genre d'Edente Fossile. Atlas. ParL. Nodot. FroiL
the Author.

Monographic des Guepes Sociales. Par H. de Saussure. Cahier 9. From the
Author.

Supplement aux Tables du Soleil de P. A. Hansen et C. F. R. Olufsen. Par
P. A. Hansen. From the Author.

May 4th. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usua.
conditions :

Aus der Natur. Bd. 9 u. 10.

Brekin's Monograph upon Parrots. Nos. 4 — 14.

Dubois' Birds of Belgium. Nos. 15 — 101.

Reinwardt's Plantae Indiee Batavae Orientalis. Pt. 1.

Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet. No. 160.

Petermann's Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes Geographischer Anstali.
1858. No. 1.

Naegeli and Cramer's Physiological Researches upon Plants. Pt. 4.

Hall's Observations on Zingiberacese.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 1858. Nos. 2 and 3.

London Athenaeum. Feb., 1858.

Zoologist. March, ^858.

Naturalist. March, 1858.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. March, 1853.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. March, 1858.

Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Pt. 17.

Dunker and Meyer's Palaeoutographica. Vol. 5, Pts. 3 and 4 ; vol. 6, Pts. 4
and 5.

Van der Hoeven's Zoology. Vol. 2.

D'Orbigny's Recent and Fossil Crinoids.

Die Natur. 1857, Nos. 43—52 ; 1858, Nos. 1—9.

Adams' Genera of Mollusca. Pts. 27—33.

Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. Vols. 5 to 9.

Journal of the Chemical Society. Vols. 1 — 10.

Botany of the Herald. Pts. 7— 10.

Woodward's Mollusca. Pts. 2 and 3.

Quecketts Histology. Vol. 2.

Bonplandia. 1858. Nos. 1 and 2.

Bulletin de la Societe d'Acclimatation. 1858. February and March.

May llth. Description of two new species of North American Helicid*. By
Thos. Bland from the Author.

New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, May, 1858. From the Editors.

Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. 6. From the Society.

Memoires de la Societe des Science physique et Naturelles de Bordeaux. Tome
1. Cah. 1 et 2. From the Society.

Report of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the
West Riding of Yorkshire. 1856-7. From the Society.

Thirty-seventh Report of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. 1856-7.
From the Society.

The Bakerian Lecture. — Experimental Relations of Gold (and other metals)
to Light. By Michael Faraday. From the Author.

OSicial Report of the United States' Expedition to explore the Dead Sea and

ft DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. IX-

the river Jordan. By Lieut. W. F. Lynch, U. S. N. Baltimore, 1852. From Dr. S.
Weir MitcheU.

Report of an Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. By Capt. L. Sit-
greaves. Washington, 1853. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell.

Reports of Explorations and Surveys from the Mississippi River to the Pacific
Ocean. Vols. 5, 6, 7. From the War Department.

Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures of the United States, &c. By L. Lesquereux.
Pottsville, 1858. From the Author.

American Journal of Science and Arts. May, 1858. From the Editors.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. May, 1858. From the Editor.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Pp. 305 — 320.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. April, 1858. From the Editor.

Geological Survey of Canada. Toronto, 185T. From T. Sterry Hunt.

London Journal of the Society of Arts. Nos. 246 — 266. From the Society.

Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland. By R. P. Greg, F. G.
S., and W. G. Lettsom. London, 1858. From W. G. Lettsom.

The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions :

Comptes Rendus des Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologie. lere
Serie. T. 4, 5. 2eme. T. 1, 2, 3.

Annales Botanices Systematicse. Acu. G. G. Walpers. T. 1, 2, 3, and Fasc. 1,
2, 3, 4of T. 4.

Archiv fiir Anatomie, Physiologic und Wissenschaftliche Medicin. Von Dr. J.
Miiller, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, pts. 1—5, 1858, pts. 1, 2.

Anatomie Microscopique. Par Louis Mandl. Livr. 6 — 20.

Flora India Batavas, vol. 3, fasc. 3; vol. alt. ; fasc. 2, 4.

Traite Elementaire de Conchvliologie. Par G. P. Deshayes. Livr. 15. 16.
17, 18.

Naumannia. 1854. 3, 4, Quartal.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 2 Bd. No. 4.

Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 9 Bd., 2 Heft.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles; 4 Ser. T. 7. No. 5.

Planches Coloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs ceufs. Par Ch. F.
Dubois. Livr. 102, 103.

Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques Terrestres et d'eau douce qui vivent en
France. Par I'Abbe D. Dupuy. Fasc. 6.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1858. No. 2.

Comptes Rendus. No. 9, 10, 11, 12.

Die Geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge Deutschlauds und der
Schweiz. Von Dr. Adolf Speyer und August Speyer. ler Theil. Leipzig, 1858.

Malakozoologische Blatter. 4 Bd. 12 — 15 Bog.

Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt. 1858, 2.

Hiitten, Erzeugnisse und andere auf kiinstlichen Wege gebildete Mineralien
Stutzpuncte geologischer Hypothesen. Von K. C. V. Leonhard. 2 heft. Stutt-
gart, 1858

Fortpflanzungsgesschichte der gesammteu Vogel. Von F. A. L. Tbienemann.
10 heft. Leipzig, 1856.

Anatomische Untersuchungen eines Limulus. Von C. Gegenbaur. Halle.
1858.

Die Fortpflanzung und Entwicklung der Pupissaren. Von Dr. R. Leuckart.
Halle, 1858.

Illustrations Conchyliologiques. Par J. C. Chenu. No. 85.

Die veredelte Hiihnerzucht, Anleitung zur Behandlnng, Erniihrung und Ver-
mehrung der neuerlich eingefiihrten seltneren und niitzlicheren Huhnerarten.
Von Dr. H. Lichtenstcin und E. Winckler. Berlin, 1857. 8 heft. 1, 2.

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. Vol. 7, No. 2.

Recueil des Actes de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles Lettres et
Arts de Bordeaux. 18 annec. 1850. 4e Trimestre. From the Academy.

Memoirs de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles Lettres et Arts de

X. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

LyoQ. Classe des Lettres, N. S., T. 2 ; Classe des Sciences, N. S., T. 2. From
the Academy.

Anaales des Sciences physiques et Naturelles d'Agriculture et d'lndustrie de
Lyon. 2 Ser., T. 4 et 5. From the Academy of Lyons.

June, \st. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual
conditions :

Archives des Sciences Physiques et Xaturelles. Geneve, 1858. Nos. 1 — 4.

Generum Piantarum Supplementum quartum. Auc. S. Endlicher. Pars 2 et
sup. quintum. Vindobonae, 1847, 1850.

Xaumannia. 1855,1 — 4; 1856, 1857, 1 — 6.

■Journal fur Ornithologie. No. 24 — 29, 31.

Species General des Lepidopteres. T. 8, 9. 10 and plates. Par M. A. Guent-e.
Paris, 1854—1857.

Expedition dans les Parties Centrales de I'Amerique du Sud. Par F. de Cas-
teinau. Zoologie, Mammiferes et Oiseaux ; Botanique, 1 — 6. 8 livraisons
Paris, 1855.

Archives Entomologiques. 1857. 1 — 10 livr.

Monographic des Cincindelides. Par J. Thomson. 1857. 1, 2 livr.

Revue de Zoologie. 1858. No. 3.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 1857. T. 7. No. 6.

Comptes Rendus. T. 46, No. 13—16.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 1857. No. 16.

Die Natur. 1858. No. 10—14.

Bonplandia. 1858. No. 3 — 5.

Das System der Pilze. 2 ab. Von Dr. Th. Bail. Bonn, 1858.

De Crustaceis ex Ordinibus tribus ; Cladocera, Ostracoda et Copepoda, in
Scamia Occurrentibus. Af. W. Liljeborg. Lund, 1853.

Monographic des Cheloniens de la mollasse Suisse. Par F. J. Pictet et A.
Humbert. Geneve, 1856.

Meletemata Entomologica. Auc. Dr. F. A. Kolenati. Fasc. 7. Mosquee, 1857.

ith. Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. May, 1858. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. April, 1858. From the
Society.

Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. By R. Osten Sacken.
From the Autlior.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 2, No. 3. From J.
R. Logan, the Editor.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. May, 1858. From the Society.

Landmollusken. Von Prof. A. Mousson. From W. G. Binney.

Etudes Entomologiques redigees. Par V. de Motschulsky. 6 annee From the
Author.

Annales des Mines. 5 Ser. T. 12. 5 livr. of 1857. From the Minister of Public
Works.

Recueil des Actes de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et
Arts de Bordeaux. 19 annee. 1857. 1 e 2 trimestres. From the Academy.

The School Journal. Vol. 2. No. 2. From the Editors.

The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual conditions :

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. New Series. Nos. 1 — 13.

Histoire des Progres de la Geologic. Par A. D' Archiac. T. 7, 2d partie.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Mtigazine. May, 1858.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. April and May, 1858.

Naturalist. Nos. 86, 87.

Zoologist. Nos. 189, 190.

A Monograph of the Birds forming the Tanagrine Genus Calliste. By P. L.
Sclater. Parts 2, 3, 4.

London Athenaeum. March and April, 1858.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. xi.

Thesaurus Conchyliorum. By G, B. Sowerby. Part 18.
The Geology and Extinct Volcanoes of France. By. G. P. Scrope. 2d edition.
London, 1858.

Memoirs of H. E. Strickland. By Sir W. Jardine. London, 1858.

June \hth. List of the Linnean Society of London, 1857 — Journal of the Pro-
ceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany, Vol. 1, No. 4 ; Vol. 2, Nos. 5 and 6 ;
Zoology, Vol. 1, No. 4 ; Vol. 2, Nos. 5 and 6. — Address of Thos. Bell, together
with Obituary Notices read at the anniversary meeting of the Linnean Society,
May 25, 1857. Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. 22, part 2. From the
Society.

Na.tural History Review, (London,) January, 1858. From the Editors.

London Journal of the Society of Arts, Vol. 6, Nos. 267-275. From the
Society.

Bulletin de la Socifete Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1856, Nos. 2, 3,
4; 1857, No. 1. From the Society.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 23 Jahr., 2, 3 Heft. From the Editor.
Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, und Petrefakten-kunde,
1857. Heft. 5, 6, 7. From the Editor.

Entomologische Zeitung, 18 Jahr. From the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 4 Heft. From
the Society.

Wiirttemberg. naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte, 14 Jahr., 1 Heft. From the
Editors.

Sitzungs-Berichte fiir die Gesellschaftsjahren, 1856-7. From the Physi-
co-Medical Society of Wiirzburg.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat. -Physical. Classe der K. Bayerischen Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften, 8 Bd. 1 Abtheiluug. Ueber der Physik der Mole-
"cularkrafte. Von Prof. Dr. Jolly. Ueber der Arbau und Ertrag des Bodens im
Konigreiche Bayern. 1 Abtheilung. Von Dr. F. B. W. Von Hermann. An-
nalen der K. Sternwarte bei Munchen, 7, 8 Bd. Magnetische Ortsbestimmungen
an verschiedenen Puncten des Konigreichs Bayern und an einigen auswtirtigen
Stationen. 2 Theil. From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

Novorum Actorum Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinse Naturae Curio-
sum, vol. 23. Supp. sistens Revisionem Potentillarum. Auc. C. Lehmann.
From the .\cademy.

Mittheilungen tiber die feinere Structur des Gehirns und Riickenmarks von
Dr. W. Jacubowitcsh. Breslau, 1857. From the Author.

Denkschriften der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathemat. -Naturwis-
senschaftliche Classe. 11 Bd. Sitzungsberichte der K. Akad. der Wissen-
schaften, Math. Nat. Classe. 20 Bd. 1 Heft. From the Academy.

.Jahrbuch der K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1856, No. 4; 1857, No. 1.
From the Institute.

Gelehrte Anzeigen, 44 Bd. From the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

Jahrbucher der K. K. Central-Anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erdmagnetisimus.
Von K. Kreil. 4 Bd. 1852. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Vienna.

Physikalische Abhandlungen der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin,
1856. — Mathemat. Abhand. der K. Acad, der Wissenschaften, 1856. From the
Academy.

Monatsberichte der K. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1857,
January to August. From the Academy.

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. Uitgegeven door het K. Zoologisch Genootschap
Xatura Artis Magistra. te Amsterdam, 1854. Zesde Afiev., 1 Deel. — Jaarboe-
kje van het Genootschap Nat. Art. Magis. voor 1852 — 7 inclusive. From the So-
ciety.

Descriptio Systematica Animalium Belgii Septentrionalis. Auc. R. T. Mait-
land. Lugduni — Batav., 1851. From the Author.

Cyclostomatis Eiegantis Anatome. Auc. R. E. Claparede. Berolini, 1857.
From the Author.

XU. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

lid. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vol. i. No. 2.
From the Academy.

A Synopsis of North American Willows. By N. J. Andersson. Cambridge,
1858. From the Author.

July &th. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, June, 1858. From the Editors.

American Journal of Science and Arts. July, 1858. From the Editors.

Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. T. 5. No. 42. From
the Society.

Legons sur les Phenomenes Physiques des Corps Vivants, Par. C Matteucci.
Paris, 1847. From A. J. Brasier, Esq.

The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions :

Journal of the Franklin Institute. June, 1858.

Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. T. 5.
No. 4 et 5.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1858, No. 4.

Comptes Rendus. T. 46. Nos. 17-20.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique, T. 5 and 6 ; Zoologie, T. 5 and
6, and No. 1, of T. 8.

Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. Geneve 1858. No. 5.

Journal de la Physiologic. T. 1. No. 2.

Etudes sur les Echinides Fossiles du Departement de Lyonne. T. 1. Livr.
13-24.

Annales Botanices Systematicte. T. 4. Fasc. 5. Auc. Dr C. Mueller. Lip-
siie, 1858.

Wiener entomologische Monatschrift, 1858, No. 5.

Naumannia. 1858, 1 Heft.

Aus der Natur. 8.

Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthe's geographischer Anstalt. Von Dr. A. Peter-*
mann. 1858, Nos. 3 and 4.

Synopsis Avium, Auc. L. Reiehenbach. Trochilidae. Plates 774-803.

Bonplandia, 1858. No. 6. u. 7.

Die Natur, 1858. No. 15-20.

Verhandlungen des Naturkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie. Deel
1. 1856.

Zoologischer Hand-Atlas. Von Dr. H. Burmeister. 1 Lief.

Darstellung und Beschreibung siimmtlicher in der Pharmacoprea Borussica
aufgefiihrten oflfiziuellen Gewiichse. Von Dr. 0. C. Berg und C. F, Schmidt.
1 Bd. Leipzig, 1858.

Bryologia Javanica. Fasc. 11.

Tresor des Livres rares et Precieux. Par I. G. T. Graesse. 1 Livr. Dresde,
1858.

Memorias Sobre la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Par F. Poey. T. 1.
Habana, 1851.

Tagebuch einer Reise von Mississippi nach den Kiisten der Siidsee von B.
MoUhausen. Leipzig, 1858.

\Zth. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for
June, 1858. From the Committee on Proceedings.

2<)tli. Charleston Medical Journal and Review. July, 1858. From the Editor.

New York Journal of Medicine, July, 1858. From the Editor.

New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, July, 1858. From the Editor.

The Gulf Stream and its Causes. By Capt. Fleming (?). Philadelphia, 1858.
From the Author.

Grape Culture in Missouri. By G. C. Swallow. St. Louis, 1852. From the
Author.

School Journal. July, 1858. From the Editor.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, July, 1858. From T. B. Wilson, on the
usual condition.

Bulletin de la Societe Philbmatbique de Bordeaux. 2dSer. 1856. Nos. 1, 2 ;
1857, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. From the Society.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Sill.

AugustM. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, oa the
usual conditions.

Das System der Pilze. Von Dr. Nees ron Esenbeck und A. Henry. 1 Abtheil.
Bonn, 1837.

Pflanzenphysiologische Untersucliungen von Nageli und Cramer. 2 Heft.
Von Carl Niigeli. Die Starkekorner. Zurich, 1858.

Kosmos, 1858, Nos. 1-5.

Chemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen. Bearbeitet von Dr. Rochleder. Hei-
delberg, 1858.

Zoochemie, von Dr. C. G. Lehmann. Heidelberg, 1858.

Morphologische Studien iiber die Gestaltungs-geaetze der Naturkorper iiber-
haupt und der organischen insbesondere. Von Dr. H. G. Bronn. Leipzig und
Heidelberg, 1858.

Canstatt's Jahresbericht iiber die Leistungen in den Physiologischen Wissen-
schaften in alien Liinden in Jahre 1857. Wiirzburg, 1858.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 2 Bd. No. 6.

Naturgescbichte der Insecten Deutschlands. 1 Abtheil., 4 Bd., 2 Lief., Bogen
12-24, und 1 Bd., 3 Lief., Bogen 23-35.

Fauna Austriaca. Die Kiifer. 7 und 8 Heft.

Flora Indite Bataviae. Vol. 3, Fasc. 2, et vol. Alt., Fasc 5.

Voegel aus Asien, Africa, America und Neuholland. Von Dr. C. W. ITahn.
20 Lief. Nurnberg, 1820.

Malakozoologische Bliilter, Bd. 5., Bog. 3-4.

Journal fiir Ornithologie. Von Dr. J. Cabani3. 3, Heft. 6 ; 4, Heft. 1, 2, 3
und 5 : 6, Heft. 2.

Jahrbucher fur Wissenschaftliche Botanik. 1 Bd., 3 Heft.

Archiv fiir Anatomic, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliche Medicin. 185F,
No. 3.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1858, No. 5.

Archives Entomologiques. 11 Livraison.

Comptes Rendus. T. 46, Nos. 21-24. Tables des Comptes Rendus. T. 45.

Series Conchyliologiques comprenant Fenumeration des Mollusques, etc. Par
A. Morelet. 1 Livr.

Planches Goloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique, etc. Par. Ch. F. Dubois, 104
et 105 Livr.

Bulletin de la Societe Tmperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. T. 5. No. 6.

Systematisches Conchylien — Cabinet von Martin und Chemnitz. 7 Bd. Heft. 6.

Gataloguas Conchyliorum Regni Neapolitani quae usque adhuc reperit A.
Scacchi. 1857.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, July, 1858.

August 17th. The U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern
Hemisphere during the years l849-'50-'51-'52. Vol.3. Observations to de-
termine the Solar Parallax. By Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, LL. D. From the author.

General Report upon the Zoology of the several Pacific Railroad Routes.
Part 1. Mammals. By Spencer F. Baird. Washington, 1857. From the War
Department.

Report of the Survey of South Carolina. By Oscar M. Lieber. Columbia,
S. 0. 1857. From Prof. F. C. Holmes.

Some experiments on Sonorous Flames. By Prof. W, B. Rogers. New Ha-
ven, 1858. From the Author.

Proceedings at the Dedication of the Building for the Public Library of the
City of Boston. Boston, IS-OS. City of Boston.

Tenth Annual Report of the Board of Managers and Treasurer of the Mary-
land Institute. From the Institute.

Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art. July, 1858. From tlio
Editors.

London Natural History Review. April, 1858. From the Editors.

XIV. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 23 Jahr. 4 Heft. Berlin, 1857. From the Edi-
tor.
■ London Journal of the Society of Arts. Vol. 6, Nos. 2'76-2'79.

Wdrttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte, 13 Jahr., 3 Heft. From
the Editors.

Zeitschrift der Deotschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Bd. 1-8, and Heft. 1, 2,
3 of Bd. 9. From the Society.

August 24th. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the
usual conditions.

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. July, 1858.

London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. June and July,
1858, and Supplement for July 1858.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. June and July, 1858.

Zoologist, No. 191.

Naturalist, Nos. 88. 89.

London Atheaseum. May, 1858.

Exotic Butterflies, being illustrations of new species, &c. By W. C. Hew-
itson. Parts 26 and 27, 1858.

Bonplandia. 6 Jahr. No. 8 u. 9.

Die Natur, 1828. No. 21-26.

Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Herausg. von dem Entomolog. Vereine
in Berlin. 1858, 1 und 2 Vierteljahrsheft.

Expeditione dans les Parties Centrales de I'Amerique du Sud, etc. sous la di-
rection de F. de Castelneau. Histoire du Voyage. T. 1-6. Planches, Vues et
Scenes, Livr. 1-6 ; Antiquities, Livr. 1-6 ; Itineraires, Livr. 1-13 ; Geographic.
Liv. 1-6.

Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Por Claudio Gay. Text, Zoology, T. 6,
parts 3 et 4, et T. 7, 8 ; Botany, T. 5, 6, 7 pt. 4, and 8 ; Documents, T. 2, His-
tory, T. 6 ; Plates Livr. 36-50.

September *lth. American Journal of Science and Arts. Sept., 1858. From
the Editors.

Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 4, pp.
1-88. From the Academy.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. August, 1858. Vol. 3, No. 4.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Sept. 1858. From the Editor.

Notes pour servir a une description geologique des Montagues Rocheuses. Par
J. Marcou. Geneve, 1858. From the Author.

Bericht viber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Crustaceen, Ara-
chniden und Myriapoden wiihrend des Jahres 1852 und 1853. Von Dr. A. Gers-
taecker. From the Author.

Ueber eine neue und weniger gekannte Siphonostomen-gattung. Von Dr. A.
Gerstaecker. From the Author.

Ueber eine neue Myriapoden-undlsopoden-Gattung. Von Dr. A. Gerstaecker.
From the Author.

Beschreibung zweier neuer Siphonostomen-Gattungen. Von Dr. A. Gers-
taecker. From the Author.

Rhipiphoridum coleopterorum Familife dispositio systematica. Auc. A. Gers-
taecker. Dr. Berolini, 1858. From the Author.

American Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 30, Nos. 1-4. From the Editor.

A General Topography of North America and the West Indies. Being a
collection of all the maps, charts, plans, and particular surveys, that have been
published of that part of the world, either in Europe or America. Engraved
by Thos. Jefferys. London, 1768. From W. P. Trumbull.

The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual conditions.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, August, 1858,

London Athenaum, July, 1858.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Nos. 22 and 23.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XV.

Annals and Magazine of Natural Histor^^ August, 1858.

London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, August, 1858.

Zoologist. No. 193.

Naturalist. No. 90.

Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. Parts 49 and 50.

The Story of a Boulder, or Gleanings from the note-book of a field Geologist.
By A. Geikie. Edinburgh, 1858.

The Aquarian Naturalist. By Thos. Rymer Jones. London, 1858.

Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d' Acclimatation. T. 5., No. 7.

Annales des Sciences Naturelle, T. 8, Zoologie, Nos. 4, 5. Botanique, No. 2.

Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelle, T. 2. No. 6. Geneve, 1858.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1858, No. 6.

Comptes Rendus, T. 46 ; No. 25, 26 ; T. 47, Nos. 1, 2.

Planches coloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs oeufs. Par. Ch, P.
Dubois. 107 Livraison.

Description des Animaux sans Vertebres decouverts dans le Bassin de Paris,
etc. Par G. P. Deshayes. 13 et 14 Livr. Pages 481 a 552. Planches 59 a 68.

Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium, Supplementum primum. Auc.
L. Pfeiflfer, Dr. Cassellis, 1858.

Physiologische Bemerkungen viber der Gehororgaa der Cetaceen und das
Labyrinth der Saugethiere, von Dr. Claudius. Kiel, 1858.

Beitrage zur neuern Mikroskopie. Von F. Reinicke. Dresden, 1858.

TJntersuchungen iiber das Phiinomen der Erdbeben in der Schweiz. Von Dr.
G. H. Otto Volger. 1, 2 und 3 Thiel. Gotha, 1857-58.

Krystallographisch-Optische Untersuchungen. Von Prof. Dr. J. Grailich.
Wien u. Olmiiz, 1858.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. Juli, 1858.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Phyllomorphose. 2es Heft. Von Dr. J. Ross-
mann. Giessen, 1858.

Mittheilungen aus J. Perthes Geograph. Anstalt iiber wichtige neue Erfor-
schungen. Von. Dr. A. Petermann. 1858, No. 5.

Die Natur. No. 27-31.

Neue Untersuchungen iiber den Bau des Riickenmarks, von Dr. B. Stilling.
4 Lief. Bogen 88-128 Text. Cassel, 1858.

Analysen zu den natiirlichen Ordnungen der Gewachse und deren siimmt-
lichen Familien in Europa. 1. Phanerogamen. Von Dr. A. Schnizlein. Er-
langen, 1858.

Tresor des Livres Rares et Precieux, etc. Par J. G. T. Graesse. Livr. Dres-
den, 1858.

September lAth. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on lfa«
usual conditions.

A Treatise on the External, Chemical and Physical characters of Minerals.
By R. Jameson. Edinburgh, 1817.

A Synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain, &c. By W. E. Leach, M. D.
London, 1852.

Manual of Mineralogy. By R. Jameson. Edinburgh, 1821.

Skandinavisk Fauna, af J. Wilson, Foglarna. Lund, 1835. 2 vols.

En Handbok for Jilgare och Zoologer; Af Sv. Nilsson, 2 Delen, Foglarna.
Lund, 1828.

Jahrbiicher des Vereins fiir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau. Von Dr.
C. Thomii. 1 Heft. Wiesbaden, 1842.

Geschichte des Vereins fiir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau. Von Dr.
C. Thomii. Weisbaden, 1842.

Nachtrage zu Bechsteins Naturgeschichte Deutschlands. Von Dr. J. P. A.
Leisler. 1 und 2 Heft. Hanau, 1812, 1813.

A Geological Sketch of the Tertiary Formation in the Provinces of Grenada
and Murcia, Spain. By Chas. Silvertop. London, 1836.

XVI. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Von Dr. F. A. L. Thienemann. Berlin, 1828.

Lehrbuch der Mineralogie. Von L. A. Emnerling. Giessan, 1796. 2, 3.
Theil.

Explication Mechanique et Physique des Fonctions de I'Ame Sensitive. Par
G. Lamy. Paris, 1677.

The Philosophy of Geology. By A. C G. Jobert. London and Paris, 1847.
2d Edition, and duplicate 2d part, in French and English.

Gottingisches Magazin der Wissenschaften und Litteratur. Von Lichten-
berg und Forster. Bd. 4, 5, 6, 7.

Ausfiihrliche Naturgeschichte des Thier-Pflanzen — u. Mineral-Reichs. Von
S. Schilling. Bd. 3, 4. Breslau, 1843,

September list. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the
usual conditions.

Voyage au Pole Sud dans 1' Astrolabe et la Zelee, sous le commanderaent de
M. J. Dumont-D'Urville. Text : Zoologie, t. 4, 5 ; Botanique, 1, 2 ; Anthro-
pologie : Geologie, Mineralogie et Geographie Physique : 2eme partie ; Hydro-
graphie, Livr. 13; Mineralogie, Livr. 1, 2, 3.

Gomptes Rendus, t. 47, Nos. 3, 4. 5, 6.

Journal de Conchyliologie. 1856, No. 1, 2 ; 1857. Xos. 1, 2, 3, 4 ; 1856-
57, No. 4.

Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. 1858, No. 7.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1856, No. 7.

Fauna Austriaca, Die Kafer. Heft. 9.

Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium. Supplementum primum.

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Martini und Chemnitz. 3 Bd. Heft. 20.

Insecta Caffrariae annis 1838-1845, a J. A. Wahlberg collecta, etc. Pars. 2
cum tab. 1. Coleoptera.

Zur Kenntniss des Generationswechsels und der Parthenogenesis bei den
Inseckten. Von Dr. B. Leuckart. Frankfurt am Maine, 1858.

Monographic de la Famille des Resedacees. Par Mr. J. Mueller. Zurich,
1857.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, September, 1858.

The Dudley Observatory and Ihe Scientific Council. Statement of the Trus-
tees. Albany, 1858. From the Trustees.

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 6, No. 49. From
the Society.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 6, pp. 369-384.
From the Society.

The New York Journal of Medicine. Sept., 1858. From the Editor.

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, Sept. 1858. From the Edi-
tor.

The Presbyterian Quarterly Review. No. 25. From Dr. J. C. Fisher.

Pictures of Nature in the Silurian Region around the Malvern Hills and Vale
of Severn. By E. Lees. Malvern, 1856. From Wm. Sharswood.

Annales des Mines. 5eme Serie. T. 12, 6e Livr. ; T. 13, Ire livr. Minister
of Public Works of France.

Die Natur. 1858. No. 32, 33. From Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual condi-
tions.

Kosmos, 1858, No. 6, 7. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Fauna del Regno di Napoli. Fascicolo 75-79. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. By Mark
Catesby. London, 1771, 2 vols. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

October 5lk. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual
conditions.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XVU.

Dr. J. S. Semlers Versuch eines Diarium iiber die Oeconomie maacher la-
secten im Winter. Halle, 1782.

The Deep Sea and Coast Fisheries of Ireland. By W. Brabazon, Dublin,
1848.

Naturhistorische Reise nach der westindischen Insel Hayti. Von K. Ritter.
Stuttgart, 1836.

Synopsis of the Galbulidae. By P. L. Sclater.

De Mumiis Avium in Labyrintho apud sacaram repertis. Auc. C. A. Laug-
guthio. Vitebergag.

Diss, de Museum Naturalium Academise Upsaliensis. Pt. iii. and iv. Up-
saliae, 1787.

Prodromus Hymenopterologiae Scandin avicse. Lundis, 1836.

Eatwickelungsgeschichte der Schmetterlinge, anatomisch und physiologisch
bearbeitet, von Dr. Herold. Cassel und Marburg, 1815.

Essais ou Recueil de Memoires sur plusieurs points de Mineralogie. Par M.
Macquart. Paris, 1789.

Description du Volcan de Parion. Par H. Lecoq. 1833.

Observations on Mineral Veins. By R. W. Fox, Falmouth, 1837.

The Mosaical and Mineral Geologies, illustrated and compared. By W. M.
Higgins. London, 1832.

Geologie oder Betrachtung der Erde. Von F. W. Sack. Breslau, 1785.

Memoria en que se trata de Algunos Puntos relatives al Sistema del Mundo y
Formacion del Globo Terrestre que Habitamos. Don J. M. Vallejo. Madrid.
1839.

Werden und Seyn des Vulkanischen Gebirges. Von W. H. C. R. A. von Un-
gern-Sternberg. Carlsruhe, 1825.

J. J. Beccherld. Physica Subterranea. Lipsiae, 1703.

Essai sur la Lithologie des Environs de St. Etienne-en-Forez, etc. Par M.
de Bournon 1785.

S. J. Brugmans Lithologia Groningana, etc. Groningaj, 1781.

.J. A. Scopoli Crystallographia Ilungarica. Pars 1.

Description Geognostique des Environs du Puy en Velay. Par J. M, Bert-
rand-Koux. Paris, 1823.

Memoires sur la Structure Interieure de la Terre. Par. M. E. Bertrand. Zurich,
1752.

Scriptural Geology. By Revd. G. Young. London, 1840.
Memorie di Orittognosia Etnea a de' Vulcani estinti della Sicilia. Del Dott,
G. Maravigna. Paragi, 1838.

Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on Mineralogy. By J. S. Henslow. Cam-
bridge, 1823.

Grundriss der Mineralogie. Von Dr. E, Glocker. Breslau, 1821.

Dictionnaire Mineralogique Frangois-Allemand. Par J. H. L. Pansner. Jene
et Leipsig, 1802.

Voyages Mineralogiques dans le Gouvernement d' Aigle, et une partie du
Vallais. Par M. le Conte G. de Razoumowsky. Lausanne, 1784.

Kosmos. No. 8, 1858.

Handbuch der Mineralogie. Von J. F. S. Hausmann. ler Bd. Gottiligen,
1813.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 14, No. 55. From the
Society.

Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East In-
dia Company. By Thos. Horsfield and F. Moore. Vol. 1. London, 1857. From
the Directors of the East India Company.

Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company. By
Thos. Horsfield and F. Moore. Vol. 2. London, 1856-8. From the Direc-
tors of the East India Company.

Catalogue of the Shell-bearing species of Mollusca, inhabiting the vicinity

XVUl. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

of Columbus, Ohio, ■with some remarks thereon. By Frank Higgins. From
the Author.

Six Discourses delivered before the Royal Society. By Sir H. Davy, London.
1827. From the Society.

Report on the Adjudication of the Copley, Rumford, and Royal Medals. &c.
London, 1834. From the Royal Society.

List of OfBcers and Tellers of the Royal Society. Nov. 1857. From the So-
ciety.

Address of Lord Wrottesley. London, 1857. From the Royal Society.

Observations Meteorologiques faites a Nijne-Taguilsk, 1856. Paris. 1858.
From the Society.

October 12th. Flora of the Northern and Middle Sections of the United
States, Ac. By J. Torrey, M. D. Vol. 1. New York, 1824. From Amable
Brazier.

Opuscules Physiques et Chimiques. Par M. Lavoisier. Paris, 1774. Vol.
1. From John Cassin.

J. A. Scopoli Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem sistens Genera Lapidum,
Plantorum, et Animalium, etc. Pragae, 1777. From John Cassin.

Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art. Sept., 1858. From the
Editor.

The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, Oct., 1828.

Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d' Acclimatation. T. 5, No. 8.

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 13.
Part 2.

Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations. By J. C. Prichard, edited by R. G.
Latham. London, 1857.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 21. 1853.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Figures and De-
scriptions illustrative of British Organic Remains. Decades, 5 and 8.

The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Conchology of the United
States. Edited by W. G. Binney. New York, 1848.

Description des Animaux sans Vertebres, etc. Par G. P. Deshayes, 15 et 16
Livr. Pages 553 a 624. Planches 69 a 78.

Nouvelles Vues sur le Systeme de I'Univers. Paris, 1751.

Kurze Erklarung der Zoologischen Weltcharte. Leipzig, 1783.

The Birds of Scotland. By Jas. Grahame. Edinburgh, 1806.

Curiosae Qu stiones de Ventorum Origine. Parisiis, 1646.

Lezione Accademica interne I'origine delle Fontane, etc. Di A. Vallisneri.
Venezia, 1726.

Diss. Theolog.-Histor.-Philolog.-Literaria de Cultu Serpentum, etc., Auc.
M. J. C. Koch. Lipsiffi, 1718.

Ipsa Linnffii Conchylia; or, the Actual Shells of Linnaeus. By S. Hanley.
London, 1849. Part 1.

Nouveau Systeme sur le Flux et le Reflux des Mers. Par P. Vastel. Paris
1836.

Letters to a Young Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theology.
By J. S. Drummond, M. D. London, 1831.

Vier Verzeichnisse als Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna und Flora des Har-
zes. 1842.

Gabinetto Vesuviane del Duca della Torre. Napoli, 1797.

Dissertationes Academics Upsaliae Habitse sub praesidio C. P. Thunberg.
Vol. 3. Gottingae, 1801,

Memoir on the Indian Species of Shrews. By E. Blyth, Esq. Calcutta.

Report on a Zoological Collection from the Somali Country. By E. Blyth.

Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum. London, 1822.

Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim in Ireland
By Revd. W. Hamilton. London, 1786.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. SIX.

Osservazioni sopra alio Svolgimento de Corpl Organici. Del Dottore G. Ri-
velli. Parte 1. Fano, 1836.

Abrege Elementaire de Geographic Physique. Par M. le Conte O'Hier de
Grandpre. Paris, 1825.

Magazin fiir Thiergeschichte, Thieranatomie und Thierarzneykunde. 1 Bd.
1 und 2 Stiick. Gottingen, 1 '790-94.

Reports of the Curators of the Zoological Department of the Asiatic Society
of Bengal; 1854, August and September; 1855, April and February.

Beitriige zur niihern Kenntniss des Floz-Sandsteins. Von G. C. Sartorius.
Eisenach, 1809.

Memoire sur les Fossiles du Bas Dauphine. Avignon, ITSI.

Memoire sur les Tremblemens de Terre. Par M. Isnard. Paris, 1758.

Tractatus Physicus de Cochinilla. Auc. 0. F. Richtero. LipsijB, 1701.

Synopsis Faunae Scandinavias a G. J. Billberg. T. 1. Pars 1. Mammalia.
Holmiae, 1828.

Dictionnaire portatif AUemand et Frangais. Par Duhamel. Paris, 1800.

Pantogramma ou vue descriptione generale de la Campagne de Rome. Par
F. C. L. Sickler. Rome, 1811.

Sambre and Meuse Railway. London, 1845.

Beitriige zur innern Naturgeschichte der Erde, von H. Steffens. Freyberg,
1801, 1 Thiel.

Ambrae Historian. J. F. Lobius. Wittenbergse, 1666.

Observations et Experiences sur 1' art d' empailler et de conserver les oise-
aux. Par C. Henon et Mouton-Fontenille. Lyon, 1801.

Gemiilde der organischea Natur. Von Hilbrand und Ritgen. Giessen, 1821.

Die Okenschen Korper oder die Primordialnieren. Von L. Jacobson. Ko-
penhagen, 1830.

Pliny's Natural History in 37 Books. Vol. 1. 1847.

Ornis oder des Neueste und Wichtigste der Vogelkunde und Anziehendesaus
der Thierkunde. Von C. L. Brehm. Jena, 1, 2, 3. Heft.

Statistique de Maine et Loire. 1 Partie. Statistique Naturelle, Par M. Des-
vaux. Angers, 1834.

Etude Pratique du Commerce d'Exportation de la Chine. Paris, 1848.

October \Qth. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the
usual conditions.

Caput Medusae, etc. Ab E. F. Hiemero. Stuttgardiae, 1717.

Mungos animalculum et Radix descriptaa M. F. Lochnero. Noribergae, 1715.

Versuch einer mineralogischen Beschreibung von Landeck. Von L. vou
Bueh. Breslau, Hirschberg und Lissa, 1797.

Dr. J. F. Blumenbachii Specimen Physiologiae comparatag inter animantia
calide et Frigidi Sanguinis. Gottingas, 1787.

Diss, inaug. med sistens Teutamina circa anatomiam Forficulas auricularias
Linn. Auc. C. F. Posselt. Jenae.

G. Ploucqueti De Corporum organisatorum Generatione Disquisitio Philoso-
phica, etc. Stutgardiae, 1749.

Diss. Inaug. de Cancri astaci quibusdam Partibus. Auc. A. H. Georke. Gcet-
tingse, 1817.

Diss, inaug. Med. — Chirurg. sistens Experimenta circa resuscitationem ani-
malium aqua suffocatorum. Auc. C. Roesler. Tubingae, 1814.

Disquisitio de Phoca, Submit. M. F. Thormann. Regio Mucti, 1633.

Diss, inaug. sistens observationes Anatomicas de Tatu Novemcincto. Auc.
F. A. Winter. Tubingas, 1826.

Diss. Epist. del Fosforo Minerale. Scritta da L. F. Conte Marsiglii. Lipsia,
1698.

H. C. Koenig De Hominum inter Feras Educatorum statu naturali solitario.
Hanoverse, 1730.

Affinitatum Animalium Tabulam-Proponit G. C. Wiirtz. Argentatoti, 177

XX. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Diss, inaug. anatomica circa Partes Geuitales Foemineas avium. Submit. G-
Spangenberg. Gottingae, 1813.

Besclireibung einer neuen Gronlandischen Tbierpflanze. Yon C. Weylius.
London, 1753.

F. Martens von Hamburg, Spitzbergiscbe oder Groenlandiscbe Reise, Bes-
chreibung gethan im Jabr 1671. Hamburg, 1675.

Sendscbreiben von den Samentbiercben. Hamburg, 1746.

G. C. Kirchmaieri Disp. Zoologicae de Basilisco, etc. Jena;, 1736.
Diss, de Coraliis Fossilibus D. Sigismundi Biittners. Lipsise, 1714.
De Gymnoto Electrico. Auc. F. L. Guisan. Tubingae, 1819.

Momenta Quaedam comparationis Regni animalis cum Vegetabili. Auc. A.
Nitscbe. Lipsias.

Die deutscbon Fledermause. Von H. Kuhl. Hanau, 1817.

The Botany of the Eastern Borders. By George Johnston, M. D. Edin. 8vo.
London, 1853.

Two years in New South Wales. A series of letters. By P. Cunningham,
Surgeon R. N. : 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1827.

Enterprise in Tropical Australia by G. "Windsor Earl. 8vo. London, 1846.

Excursions in and about Newfoundland during the years 1839 and 1840, by
J. B. Jukes, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1842.
Das thieriscbe Leben und seine Formen, ein Zoologisches Handbuch, von Jona-
than Carl Zenker 8vo Jena, 1828.

New Brunswick with notes for emigrants by Abraham Gesner 8vo. London,
1847.

Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and Malta, by John Davy, M.
D., 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1842.

Observations relative chiefly to the Natural History, Picturesque Scenery,
and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England in the years 1794 and
1796, by William George Maton, 2 vols, in one, 8vo. Salisbury, 1797.

Wanderings in New South Wales, Batavia, Pedii Coast, Singapore, and Chi-
na, in the years 1832, '33, and '34, by George Bennett, 2 vols. Svo. London,
1834.

The Field Naturalist, a Review of Animals, Plants, and Minerals, by James
Rennie Svo. London, 1833.

Die Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, von Dr. Tbeodor Hartig Svo.
Berlin, 1837.

Zoologie specialis, quara expositis animalibus turn vivis, turn fossilibus potis-
simum Rossiacin universum, et Polonise in specie, edidit D. Edwardus Eich-
vvold, vols. 3, 8vo. Wilnae, 1829.

Histoire Naturelle des Coleopteres de France, par M. E. Mulsant, Svo. Vesi-
cants. Paris, 1857.

Zur Kentniss der electrischen Organe der Fiscbe, von Max Schlutze, erste Ab-
theilung, Malopterus Gymnotus, 4to. Halle, 1858.

Paleontologie Lombardien, Description des fossiles de Lombardie, par L'Abbe
Antoine Stoppani, 1st and 2nd Livriason. Milan, 1858.

Beitriige zur Paleoutographie von Oestereich. Herausgegeben vonFransRitter
von Hauer 4to. 1 Band, 1 Heft. Wien und Olmiiz, 1858.

Handbuch der systematiscben Anatomie des Menschen von Dr. J. Henle.
Erster Band, zweite und dritte Abtheilung. Svo. Braunschweig. 1858.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 11 Band, No. 9. 1858.

Die Natur, Nos. 34, 35, and 36. Hnlle, 1858.

Naturwissenschaftliches Literaturblatt, Nos. -5 and 6. Halle, 1858.

Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes Geographischen Anstalt iiber wichtige neue
Erforscbungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographic, von Dr. A. Peter-
man, No. 7. 1858, Gotha.

Berliner Entomologische Zeitscbrift. Erstes Jahrgang 1857. Berlin.

Echinides du Department de la Sarthe, par Cotteau et Friger. 1st and 2nd
Livraison. Paris, 1857 and 1858.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XSl.

Journal de la Physiologie de L'Homme et des Animaux. Ist vol. No. 3
3d, 1838.

Bibliotheque Universelle, Revue Suisse et Etranger No. 8, 1858.

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, No. 8. 1858. Paris.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles, vol. 8. Zoologie, No. 6. Botauique, No3. 3
and 4. 1857.

Comptes Rendus, Nos. 7 to 10. 1858, August, Sept.

Geological Survey of Canada, Sir W. E. Logan, Director, Decade 3. From
tlie Survey.

Memoire della Real Accademi della Scienzi dal 1852 in avanti, vol. 1. Fas-
cicola 11, per I'anno. 1853, from the same.

Rendiconto della Societa Reale Borbonico Accademia delle Scienze. Anno
V. 1856. Bimestre di Gennaio e Febbraio Napoli. From the Society.

November 2d. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the
usual conditions.

Les Hylophthires et leurs Ennerais. Par M. J. 0. C. Ratzcburg. Trad, de
TAllemand par le Cte. de Corberon. Paris, 1842.

Hacquet's mineralogisch-botanische Lustreise. Wien, 1V84.

Prodromus Faunae Zeylanicas ; being Contributions to the Zoology of Ceylon.
By E. F. Kelaart, M. D. Ceylon, 1852.

Narrative of a Tour through Hawii, or Owhyhee. Bj' W. Ellis. London,
182T,

Karamania, or a Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and of
the Remains of Antiquity, &c. By F. Beaufort, F. R. S. London, 1818.

Guide to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, &c. By G. and P. Ander-
son. London, 1834.

A Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands, &c. By Jno.
Williams. London, 1838.

Travels, comprising observations made during a residence in the Tarentaise.
and various parts of the Grecian and Pennine Alps, &c. By R. Bakewell, Esq.
London, 1823. 2 vols.

Reise nach der Insel Kreta im Jahre, 1817. Von F. W. Sieber. Leipzig und
Sorau, 1823. 1 u. 2 Bd.

A History of the Island of Madagascar, &c. By S. Copeland. London, 1823.

The History of New South Wales, including Botany Bay, &c. By Geo. Bar-
rington. London, 1802.

Travels in New England and New York. By T. Dwight. London, 1823.
4 vols.

Sketches of Tenby and its neighborhood. By F. P. Gwynne. London, 1852.

Beytrage zu einer Monographic der Molasse. Von B. Studer. Bern, 1825.

Geschichte und Beschreibung von Newfoundland und der Kiiste Labrador.
Von C. A. Anspach. Weimar, 1822.

Moselfauna oder Handbuch der Zoologie. Von M. Schiifer. Trier, 1844, ler
Thiel.

Reise in die Barbarey. Von HeroaPoiret. Strasburg, 1789. 1 and 2 Thiel.

Ueber das Leuchten der Ostsee. Von G. M. Michaelis. Hamburg, 1830.

Grundriss der Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. H. Burmeister. Berlin, 1846.

Versuch einer genauen Beschreibung der in Schlesien einheimischen Arten
der Gattung Raphidia. Linn. Von T. E. Schummel. Breslau, 1832.

Entomographien Von J. F. Eschscholtz. Berlin, 1822. 1. Lief.

Petri Artedi sueci Genera Piscium. Emend et Auc. a J. J. Walbaum, Gry-
peswaldise, 1792. Ichthyologiae, Partes 3-4.

A Relation of a Voyage made in the years 1695-7, on the Coasts of Africa,
&c. By Sieur Froger. London, 1698.

Beitrage zu der Inseckten-Gcschichte. A''on L. G. Scriba. Frankfuit. 1790
1 Heft.

De Tarantulas anatome et Morsu. D. N. Caputi. Lycii, 1711.

XXU. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Die Fundamentalgesetze an den Erscheinungen der Warme. Von G. von
Buquoy. Leipsig, 1819.

Skizzen zu einem Gesetzbuche der Natur zu einer sinnigen Auslegung des-
selben, etc. Von G. von Buquoy, Leipzig, 1817.

Diss. luaug. sistens Prodromum observationum circa Ganglion Arnoldi Oti-
cum in Homine Variisque animalibus, etc. pub. defend. F. G. Assmann. Lip-
sias, 1832.

Observations de situ tubi Intestinalis mammalium. Diss, quam pub. defend.
G. L. Rapp. Tubingse, 1832.

Diss, inaug. zool. sistens descriptionum Trionychos ^gyptiaci osteologicum.
Auc. C. A. Mohring. Berolini, 1824.

Diss. Acad. Obser. quasdam Histor. Notonectidum, imprimis Fennicarum, il-
iustrantes, etc. Auc. L. Homen. Aboae, 1819.

Medical and Surgical Reporters, from Drs. Butler and Atkinson.

Geological Map of the State of Pennsylvania, &c. From Mr. J. H. Slack.

Geological and Topographical Map of the Anthracite Fields of Pennsylva-
nia, &c. From J. H. Slack.

November dth. From Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition.

Transactions of Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 20, pt. 4, vol. 21, pts. 2, 3, 4.

Barth's Travels in Africa, vols. 4 and 5.

Stainton Nat. History of Tineinae, vol. 3.

Dalyell's Powers of the Creator, vol. 3.

November I6th. Proceedings of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Vol
1. Pages 347 to 366, and vol. 3, pages 249 to 416. From the Academy.

History, Condition, and Prospscts of the Indian Tribes. By Henry R. School-
craft, part 6th. From the War Department.

Christy's Letters on Geology and second preliminary Report of the Nanta-
hadela and Tuckasegge Land and Mineral Company. From the Author.

Twenty-third Annual Report of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Asso-
ciation of Cincinnati. From the Society.

The American Journal of Science and Arts for November 1858. From the
Editors.

The New York Journal of Science, for November, 1858. From the Editor.

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, No. 5, for October, 1858. From the
Society of Nat. Hist, of Montreal.

Descriptions of some new Genera and Species from the Silurian and Devo-
nian Formations of Canada. From the Geological Survey of Canada.

The Charleston Medical Journal and Review for November, 1858. From the
Editor.

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal for November 1858.

The foUowiug were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.

Bulletin of the Imper. Society of Acclimatation. No. 9, for 1858.

General list of the Members of the Society for the year 1858.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, No. 5, for 1858.

Flora Indiae Bataviae, vol. 1, fasc. 6, and vol. 2, fasc. 6.

Archiv fur Anatomic, Physiologic und Wissenschaftliche Medecin. Heft. 4.
1858.

Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Leipzig, 9th Band 2 heft.

Journal fiir Ornithologie. Cassel. 4th vol. 4th heft., 6th vol. 4th heft.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. vol. 2, No. 10. Oct. 1858.

Bibliotheque Universelle No. 9. 1858. Geneve.

Revue de Zoologie. No. 9. 1858, Paris.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 4th series, vol. 8, Nos. 5 and 6.

Comptes Rendus, Nos. II, 12, 13, and 14. 1858.

Mittheiluugen aus J. Perthes Geograph. Anstalt, Nos. 6 and 8. 1858.

Archiv fiir die Hollandischen Beitrage fiir Natur. und Hcilkunde, VoL 1.
Hefts. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. 1857.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XXIU.

Lecons sur Physiologie et L'Anatomie Comparee de I'Homme et des Ani-
maux, par Milne Edwards, vols. 1, 2, and vol. 3, 1st and 2d parts.

Beitrage zur Vegetabilischen Zellenbildung. Von Dippe.

Studien des Physiologischen Institute zu Breslau. Von K. B. Reichert.

Ueber das Verhiiltniss der Parthenogenesis zu den anderen Fortpflanzungs-
arten. By L. Radlkofer.

Entomographien. By A. Gerstaecker, vol. 1.

Fifteenth and last livraisoa of text of the Voyage of " la Recherche " to Ice-
land and Greenland.

Die Juraformation, England, Frankreichs und des Siidwestlichen Deutsch-
lands. Von Dr. Albert Oppel.

Voyage autour du Monde execute pendant annees 1836 et 37 sur la corvette,
La Bonite. Relation du voyage par A. De la Salie, vols. 1, 2, and 3 do. Botanique
Introduction Premier et seconde Partie. Zoologie, vol. 1, part 2d, and vol. 2
Zoophytologie, vol. 1. Physique, vols. 1st and 2nd. Atlas, Botanique, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, Livraisons Zoologie 16 and 17. Livraisons.

Histoire Naturelle des lies Canaries, par G. Barkerwebb et Sabin Berthe-
lot.

Voyage au Pole Sad et dans L'Oceanie, sur les corvettes 1' Astrolabe et la
Zelee. Atlas Botanique, Livraison 11th and 12th et Zoologie 25 et 26 Livr.

November 23d. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual
conditions.

Ueber das Kantische Prinsip fiir die Naturgeschichte, von D. Christoph Gir-
tannu, 8vo. Gottingen, 1796.

Delectus Opusculorum ad scientiam naturalim spectantium. Edidit Chris-
tianus Frider. Ludwig. LipsijE, 1790, 8vo. Vol. 1

Verzeichniss und Beschreibung der Tyrolen Insecten. Johann Neporauck
Edlen, 8vo. Zurich, 1781.

Abrege D'Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupedes vivipares et des Oiseaus. Par
M. Holander. 8vo. Vols. 8 (4 texte et 4 planches,) Deux-Ponts, 1790.

Descriptio Comparata musculorum corporis humani et quadrupedis. Auctore
Jacobo Douglass. 8vo. Lugduni. Batavorum, 1738.

Opuscula Medico-Physica Christoph. Andreas Mangoldi Collegit, et edidit
Ernestus Godfredus Baldingee, 8vo. Altenburg, 1769.

Diss, de Fundamenta Entomologiae quae Raeside Dr. Carolo von Linne, Pub-
lice defendere conabitur Andreas J. Blach et de Noxa Insectorum quae, &c.
Michael A. Baeckner, et de Pandora Insectorum &c. Ericus 01. Rydbeck, et de
Hospita Insectorum Flora quam, &c., Jonas G. Forskahl, et de Bigas Insecto-
rum sistens, &c. Andreas Dahl. 4to. Upsal, 1767.

Letters on Iceland. Written by Uno Von Troil, D. D. 8vo. Dublin, 1780.

Thesaurus Subterraneus Ducatus Brunsvigii, Franc. Ernest. Briickmanni.
4to. Braunschweig, 1728.

Schmetterlingskalender, oder systeraatisch'es Verzeichniss aller Schmetter-
linge, welche in Deutschland bekannt sind. Von F. T. Schott, 8vo. Frankfurt
am Main, 1830.

Schmetterlings Belustigungen, fiir die Tugend und angehende Entomologen
liberhaupt. Erster Band. 4to. Nurnberg, 1825.

The Naturalist, illustrative of the Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms.
Conducted by B. Maund and W. Holl, vol. 1, 4to. London, 1837.

Narrative of a voyage of discovery in the Lady Nelson to New South Wales,
in the years 1800, 1801, and 1802. By .James Grant. 4to. London, 1805.

Icones Cimicum descriptionibus illustrate. Auctore Johanne Frederico Wolff.
4to. Erlangae, 18vo.

Unterricht was mit dem lieblichen Geschapff denen Vogeln. Von T. Frey-
hern, 1706, 4to.

Specimen Zoologiae. ^Geographicae, Quadrupedum domicilia et migrationes
sistens, a Eberh. Aug. Gulielm. Zimmerman, 4 to. Lugduni Batavorum, 1777.

XXIV. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

De Lacerta Amboinensi. Johaanis Alberti Schlosser. 4to. Amstelodami,
1768.

Tableau Elementaire d'Histoire Naturelle, contenant les trois regnes de la
nature, par Charles Chaisneau, fol. Paris, 1806.

Musei Gottwaldiani Testaceoruni Stellarum Marinarum et Coralliorum quae
supersunt tabulae, Johana. Samuel Schroter, fol. Nunberg, 1782.

Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg, 2 band. Nos. 30 and
31. From the Society.

Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich. Nos. 1, 2,
3, and 4 for 1857, and 1 and 2 for 1858. From the Society.

Proceedings of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 6th, October, 1858. From
the Society.

Report of the Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada for the year
185G. From Capt. Huguet Latour.

The Farmer's Journal and Transactions of the Lower Canada Board of Ag-
riculture, Nos. 4 to 12 inclusive, for vol. 5th, 1858. From the same.

•Journal of Education. Montreal. Vol 2. Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10. From the same.
Report on the Chemical Analysis of the White Sulphur Water of the Arte-
sian Well of Lafayette, Indiana. By C. M. Wetherill, M. D. From the Author.
Denkrede auf Christian S. Weik gehaltea iu der offentlichen Sitzung der
Kijnig. Bayer. Akad. der Wissenschaft. am 28th Nov. 1856, voa Dr. Carl Fried.
P. V. Martins. From the Author.

Procedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Session of 1857-58. From
the Society.

Papers read to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. By George Lawson, Ph.
D. Edinburgh. 1858. 8vo. tract from the Author

Ueber die Gattungen der Seigellarven. Siebente Abhandlung, iiber die Meta-
morphose der Echinodermen, von Job. Miiller, 4to. Berlin, 1855. From Dr. Leidy.
Ueber die Larven und die Metamorphose der Echinodermen, vierte Abhandlung.
Ton Job. Miiller. 4to. Berlin, 1852. From Dr Leidy.

Ueber die Ophiurenlarven des Adriatischen Meeres, von Job. Miiller. 4to. Ber-
lin, 1852. From Dr. Leidy.

Ueber eine Echinodermen desEifeler Kalkes, von Joh. Miiller. 4to. Berlin, 1857.
From Dr. Leidy.

Ueber die Larven und die Metamorphose der Ophiuren und Seeigel, von Joh.
Miiller. 4to. Berliu, 1848. From Dr. Leidy.

Observationes Anatomicse de quibusdam vermibus maritimus. auctor Maxi-
milianus. 4to. Berolini, 1852. From Dr. Leidy.

Chemische und Chemisch-Technische Untersuchungen der Steinkohlen Sach-
sens, von W. Stein. 4to. Leipzig, 1857. From Dr. Leidy.

Sulla successione normale del diversi membri del Terrene Triasico Nella
Lombardia Memoria di Giulio Curioni, 1855. From the Author. Milau.
Also, the following from Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3d ser. vol. 2. Nos. 9 and 10
for Sept. and Oct., 1858.

The Zoologist. Nos. 192, 94, and 95, for July, Sept., and Oct., 1858.
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of
Science. Nos. 106 and 107 for Sept. and Oct., 1858.

The Athenaeum, 366, 68, and 69, fur June, August, and Sept., 1858.

December lih. Croix de procession, de cimetieres et de carrefoues. par Leo
Drouyn. From the Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles Lettres et Arts
de Bordeaux. 4to.

Memoire della Reale Academia della Scienze di Torino, serie seconda, Tome
17. Torino, 1858. From the Academie Royale des Sciences. 4to.

Memoire della Reale Accademia della Scienze del 1852 in avanti. Vol. 1, che -
comprende quelle per Glianni, 1852, 53, and 54, et vol. 2 che continue quelle
del 1855 et 1857. From the Acad, delle Scienze di Napoli. 4to.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XXV.

Continuazione del Rendiconto dellaReale Accademia delle Scienze del Mauro
1856, a tuttcf il 1857. Anno. 5. e 6. Napoli, 1857. From the same.

Neueste Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Dauzig, sechsten
Bandes, eistes Heft. Danzig, 1858. From the Society. 4to.

Novorum Actorum Academiae Caesarese Leopoldiuo-Carolinas Naturae Curio-
sorum. Breslau. Vol. vicesimi sexti, Paro prior, 1857. 4to. From the Academy.

Zeitschrift fiir die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, herausgegebea von dem
Naturw. Vereine fiir Sachsen u. Thiiringen in Halle. Jahrgang, 1857. Zehnter
Band, Berlin, 1857. 8vo. From the Society in Halle.

Nachrichten von der Georg-Augustus-Universitat und der Konigl. Gesel-
schaft der Wissenschaften in Guttingen. Jahre 1857. No. 1, 23. 12mo. From
the Royal Society of Gottingen,

Morphologische Studien iiber die Gestaltungs-Gesetze der Naturkorper iiber-
haupt und der organischen insbesondere. Von Dr. H. G. Bronn. 8vo. Leip-
zig und Heidelberg, 1858. From the Author.

Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologic, und Fetrefakten-Kunde.
Von K. C. von Leonhard, und H. G. Bronn. 8vo. 1,^ 2, 3 hefts. Jarhrgang,
1858. From the Editors.

Fiinfter und sechster Bericht der Oberhessichen Gesellscliaft fiir Natur-und
Heilkunde, Giessen, 1855, and 1857. From the Society.

Ueber die Naturwissenschaften als Gegenstand des Studiums des Unterrichts
und der Priifung angehenden Aerzte. Von Philipp Phoebus. 8vo. Nordhausen,
1849. From the Author.

Berichte iiber die Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fiir Beforderung der Na-
turwissenschaften zu Freiburg. Hefts 1, 2, 3, und No. 25 to 29, From the So-
ciety.

118 Stuck Gypsabgiisse von natiirlichen, sowohl einfachen Krystallen, als
besonders Zwillingsverwachsungen des Feldspatbs. Von J. W. Brucke. 8vo.
Berlin, 1857. From the Author.

Jahreshefte des Vereins fiir Vaterliindische Naturkunde in Wiirtemberg.
Vierzehnter Jahrgang. Stuttgart, 1858. 8vo. From the Society.

Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Tomes xi. et xiii. Svo.
From the Society.

Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles d' Agriculture et d'Industrie.
public par la Societe Imperiale d'Agriculture, &c., jde Lyon, 2d ser. Tome 8,
and 3 serie Tome 1 for 1859 and 1857. From the Society.

Recueil des Actes de L'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-Letters et
Arts de Bordeaux, 19 Annee 1857. 3 et 4 Trimestre. From the Academy.

Journal of the Society of Arts and of the Institutions in union, from No. 285
Vol. vi. May, 1858, to No. 304, vol. vi. Sept. From the Society.

The Natural History Review, and Quarterly Journal of Science, vol. v. No.
3, July, 1858. London, 8vo. From the Editors.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol. vi. Nos. 6 and
7. Dec. 1856, and Nos. 8 and 9, Feb. 1858. From the Lyceum.

Letter of W. Re Kyan Bey, to Edwin De Leon, on the Treatment and Use of
the Dromedary. From Major Wayne, U. S. A.

Review of Marcou's Geology of North America. By James B. Dana. From
the Author.

Remarks on certain species of North American Helicida;, with descriptions
of new species. By Thomas Bland, F. G. S. London, 8vo. From the Author.

Memoirs of the Columbian Chemical Society of Philadelphia, vol. 1. By
Isaac Pierce. 8vo. 1813. From Dr. S. Weir Mitchell.

A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, from New England
to Wisconsin, and south to Ohio and Pennsylvania, inclusive. By Asa Gray,
M. D. 8vo. Boston, 1848. From E. Durand.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.

Bulletin mensuel de La Societe Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. Tome
T. No. 10. October, 1858.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, No. 25, for Oct. 1858.

XXVI. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Report of the 27th Meeting of the British Association for the advancement
of Science at Dublin. 1857. ♦

Philosophical Transactions of the Roval Society of London. Parts 1, 2, and
3 for 1856, and parts 1, 2, and 3 for 1857. 4to. London.

Geology and Mineralogy considered with reference to Natural Theology. By
the late Very Rev. Wm. Buclvland, D. D., &c. ; a new edition with additions.
By Prof. Owen, Prof. Phillips, and Mr. Rob. Brown, with a memoir of the au-
thor. Edited by Fran. T. Buckland. 2 vols. 8vo. London 1758.

Crania Britannica. Delineations and Descriptions of the Skulls of the Abo-
riginal and Early Inhabitants of the British Islands, together with Notices of
other Remains. By Jos. Barnard Davis, and John Thurnam. Decade 3. 4to.
London, 1858.

Monographia Generis Raphidise Linnaei. Auctor Guliel. Theanus Schneider.
4to. 1843. Uratislaviae.

Entwicklungsgeschichte des Meerschweinchens, von Th. Ludw. Wilh. Bis-
chofif. 4to. Giessen, 1852.

Dissertation sur le Fenea presentee et soutenue a la Faculte de mfedecine de
Strasbourg, par Alexandre Pruneyre. 4to. Strasbourg, 1823.

Sesias Europs, et Iconibus et Descriptionibus illustrate. Auctore Jacobo
Henrico Laspeyres. 4to. Berolini, 1801.

Beitrage zurKentniss der Tertiaerversteinerungen des nordwestlichen Deutsch-
lands. Von Dr. H. A. Philippi. 4to. Cassel, 1844.

Monographic von Testaceen, Baierische Landschnecken Cobresien oder Cob-
resiae. Von Jacob Kiilne. 4to. Augsburg, 1810.

Description de quelques Especes de la Collection Zoologique de Turin indi-
quees par le Prof Bonelli comme inedites on malconnues. Par le Prof. Joseph
Gene.

Untersuchungen zur Kentniss des Kornigen Pigments der Wirbelthiere in
physiologischer und pathologischer Hinsicht. Von Dr. Carl Buch.

.Jacobi Theodori Kleinii Ichthyologia Enodata sive Index Rerum ad Historiam
Piscium Naturalem ab Johan. Julio Walboum. 4to. Lipsiae, 1793.

Catalogue of North American Birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithso-
nian Institution. By Spencer F. Baird. From the Author.

December 14fA. Flora Caroliniana secnndum systema vegetal^ilinm per il-
lustris Linnaei digesta characteres essentiales naturalesve et differentias veras
exhibens. Auctore Thomas Walton. 8vo. London, 1788. From Edward
Wilson.

Braitliwait^'s Retrospect of Practical Medicine and Snrgery, New York.
Parts 1 to 11. 8vo. From Dr. Leidy.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 14 vols. From Dr. Leidy.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions :

Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vol. 36. Dec, 1858. No. 6.

Kosmos. Sept., 1858. No. 9.

Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina. By Francis S, Holmes, A. M. 4to.
Nos. 1—5. Charleston, 1858.

Medico-Chriurgical Review, and British and Foreign Medico-Chimrgical Re-
view. Vol. 7, and 16 Nos.

Reise auf den Glockner. Von J. A. Schults, M. D. 12mo. 4 vols. Wien,
1804.

Naturgeschichte der hoheren Thiere mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der
Fauna Prussica. 8vo. Konigsberg, 1837.

David Cranz, Histoire von Groenland. 2 vols. 12 mo.'Lepizig, 1765.

Versuch eines neuen Systems der Mineralogie. Von Joseph Brunner. 12mo.
Leipzig, 1800.

December 21s^ The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 14,
part 4. November, 1858. From the Society.

Field Notes of Geology. 12mo. New York, 1858. From the Author.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XXvU.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condtions :

Memoria Ovologica la quale serve d'appendice alia prima parte gia di Pub-
lico diritto e d'introduzione alia seconda publicaisi quanto prima del Dr. Gia-
como Rivelli di Bologna. 8vo. Fano, 1840.

Systematisch-summarisclie Uebersicht der neuesten zoologischen Entdeckun-
gen in NeulioUand und Afrika. Herausgegeben von Fried. Abbr. Ant. Meyer.
8vo. Leipsig, 1794.

Catalogue des Livres de la bibliotheque de 1' Academic Royal des Sciences,
des lettres et des beaux arts de Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1850.

The Natural History of Portsliead, comprising a guide to the locality, with
an appendix. By John N. Duck. 12mo. Bristol, 1852.

Die Farben der organischen Korper, wissenschaftlich bearbeitet von F. S.
Voigt. 12mo. Jena,1816.

Karl Freyhern von Meidingeis, Versuch einer deutschen systematischen No-
menklatur aller in der letzten Ausgabe des Linneischen Natursystems befind-
lichen Geschlechte und Arten der Thiere. 8vo. Wien, 1787.

D. Martin Leister's Naturgeschichte des Spinnen iiberhaupt und der Engel-
landischen Spinnen insonderheit. 8vo. Quedlinburg, 1792.

Monographie der Famillien der Pfiansenliiuse (Phytoptliires). Von J. H.
Kaltenbach. 8vo. Aachen, 1845.

An Historical and descriptive account of the Peruvian Sheep, called " Car-
nerosde La Fievra. " By Wm. Walton, Esq. 8vo. London, 1811.

Naturgeschichte der schiidlichen Nadelholz-Insekten nebst Anweisung zu
Hirer Vertilgung. Von Geo. Gotlp Zinke. 8vo. Wien, 1798.

Das Rindvieh, seine verschiedenen Rassen, Zuchten und Speelarten. Von
Dr. Fried Lud. Walther. 8vo. Giessen, 1817.

Fauna Norwegica, eUer Norsk Djr-rige, ved Clixistopher Hammer. 8vo. Kio-
benhavn, 1775.

Notizie Naturalie Civlli su la Lombardie. Dr. Carlo Cattaneo. Svo. Mi-
lan©, 1844.

Beitrage zur Naturkunde, in Verbindung mit meinen Freunden verfasst
und herausgegeben von Dr. und Prof. Fried. Weber. Vol. 2. 8vo. Kiel,
1805 and 1810.

AUgemeine Uebersicht der Lausitz' chen Haus- Land- und-Wasservogel. Von
J. G. Neumann. 8vo. Gorlitz, 1828.

Gundziige einer Methodischen Uebersicht des Thiereiches. Von V. Leiblein.
8vo. Wurzburg, 1839.

Bibliotheca, ordine Chronologico Recensens Daniae Norwegiae, Islandiae et
Holsatis, Autores et Libros Scientias Naturales tractantes Digesset Martinus
Thrane Briinnich. 8vo. Hafricae, 1783.

Leitfaden zum Unterichte in der Naturgescliichte, fiir Schuleu. Von Dr.
F. Schwagrichen. 2 vols, in 1. 18mo. Leipzig, 1803.

Gediichtnissrede auf den Hrn. Arch, und Ritter Carl von Linne in sr kon.
maj. Gegenwart vor der Kais. Acad. d. Wissensch. d. 5, Dec, 1778. Gehalten
vom Hn. Arch, und Ritter A. Back. 18mo. Stockholm, 1779.

Die Natiirliche Historic des Eider Vogels, beschreiben von Matt. Thrane
Briinnich. 12mo. Kopenhagen. 1763.

Pyralis Hercyniana, Ein Beitrag zur Kentnniss wald-verderbenden Insekten.
Von J. Von Uslar. 18mo. Hanover, 1798.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 35th edition. London, 1838.
Tagebuch geftihrt auf einer Reise nach Taro im Jahre, 1828. Von Carl
Julian Graba. 12mo. Hamburg, 1830.

Entomologische Hefte, enthaltened Beitriige zur weitern Kenntniss und
Aufkliirung der Insektengeschichte. Von J. J. HoflFman, J. D. W. Koch, P.
W. G. Miiller und J. M. Ling. 8vo. Frankfurt am Main, 1803.

Svo. volume of Tracts on Entomology.

2 vols. 8vo. of Tracts on Anatomy and Physiology.

4to vol. of Tracts on Geology.

XXviil- DONATIONS TO LIBRAEY.

Versticli einer systematischen Besclireibimg der in der Wetterau bister
entdekten Konchylien. Von Dr. Gottfr. Gsertner. 5to. Hanau, 1813.

Johannis Woodwardi Prof. Naturalis Historia Telluris illustrata et ancta.
8vo. London, 1714.

Lehrbuch der Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewiiclise. Dr. Herman Schaeht.
21st Tol., 1 part. Berlin, 1859.

Wiener Entomologiscbe Monatsclirift. 2d Bund, No. 11. Nov., 1858.

Walpers, Annales Botanices Systemat'icse. Tom 4, Fasc. 5. Leipsiae, 1858.

Bibliotheque Universelle, Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles.
New Series, vol. 13th, No. 10. Oct., 1858.

Malakogoologiscbe Blatter. Band 5, sig. 8 to 10. Cassel, 1858.

Archives Entomologiques, Livraisons, 12 to 16. Paris, 1857.

Comptes Rendus. Nos. 15 to 18. Oct. and Nov. 1858, et Tables des
Comptes Rendus, Premier semestir, 1858.

Mittheilungen aus Justas Perthes geograpbischen Anstalt uber wichtige
neue Erforschungen. Von Dr. A. Peterman. 1858, No. 9.

Xenia Orchidacea, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Orcbidem. Von Heinricb Gus-
tav Reicbenbacli. Zehntes Heft Tafel 91— 100. Text Bogen 28— 31. Leipzig.
1858.

Monographie des Cicindelides. Par M. James Thompson. 3d Livraison, 4to.
Paris, 1857.

Tresor des Livres Rares et Precieux ou nouveau Dictionnaire BibUograpliiqTie.
Par Jean George Theodore Grsesse. 3d Livraison, 4to. Dresden, 1858.

BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT,

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences. ")
April 27th, 1858. |

In compliance with Art. XVIII, of the 13th chapter of the Bj-Laws
of the Academy, the following Summary of the Proceedings of the
Biological Department, for the present month, is respectfully submitted:

The organization of the Department was completed April 5th, by the election
of the following Officers and Committees.

Director. — Jos. Leidy, M. D.

Vice Director. — Wm. A. Hammond, M. D.

Recorder. — Henry Hartshorue, M. D.

Conservator. — J. Cheston Morris, M. D.

Treasurer. — Jas. W. Queen.

Auditors. — B. H. Coaies, M. D., Geo. Spackman, M. D., and J. H. Slack.

Committee on Anatomy and Histology. — Jos. Leidy, M. D., T. G. Richardsori
M. D., H. D. Schmidt.

On Physiology. — F. G. Smith, M. D., J. Aitken Meigs, M. D., S W
Mitchell, M. D.

On Patholoyi/ and Pathological Anatomy. — E. Hartshorne, M. D., J. J. Wood-
ward, M. D., Emil Fischer, M. D.

On Organic Chemistry. — W. A. Hammond, M. D., B. Howard Rand, M D

F. G. Smith, M. D.

On Micrology . — J. Cheston Morris, M. D., Edward Minturn, M. D., Edward
Tilghman.

On Embryology and Teratology. — "Walter F. Atlee, M. D., J. M. Corse, M. D..

G. Stewart Wurts, M. D.

On Etiology and Hygiene. — Henry Hartshorne, M. D., G. R. Morehouse, M. D
Alex. Wilcocks, M. D.

The following is a Catalogue of the Specimens and Books donated to thf
Department by the Philadelphia Biological Society :

Specimens. — 1. Model of a foot cf a Chinese lady ; from Dr. Hammond.

2. Peracephalous fceius ; from Dr. W. F. Atlee.

4. ffiolus ; from Jas. W. Queen.

5. Human Embryo and Membranes, (2nd month).

Books and pdmphlets. — 1. Medical Statistics of U. S. Army, from 1839 to 1854 :
from the War Department.

2. U. S. Array Meteorological Report ; from the same; through Dr. Hammond.

3. Byrne on Cholera; from Dr. Hammond.

4. Transactions of Am. Med. Association, for 1857; from Dr. Hammond.
5-8. Smithsonian Reports, for 1854, 5 and 6 ; from the Smithsonian Institute.
9. Der Harnstoff als maas der Stolfwechsels, von T. L. W. Bischofif ; from Dr.

Hammond.

1858.1 la

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP [Biolog.

10-12. Works of Robert Boyle, 1699; from J. H. Slack.

North American Medico-Chirurgical Review, 1858, Nos. 1 and 2.

50 copies of Dr. Hammond's Essay on the Alterations induced by Intermittent
feyer in the physical and chemical qualities of the Urine, and on the action of
the Disulphate of Quinine.

Dr. James' Medical Dictionary, 3 vols., quarto ; deposited by Dr. Hammond.

Also, a portrait of Prof. Ehrenberg, of Berlin, presented by Mr. James W.
Queen.

The following were presented April 19th, 1858.

American Journal of Medical Sciences, Jan. and April, 1858.

Leeuwenhoekii Arcana Naturae : Swaramerdammii Historia Insectorum Gene-
ralis ; from Mr. W. G. Tilghman, through Mr. Edward Tilghman.

The ^ajoerA read before the Department during the present month, were as
follows :

Observations on the Blood of the Sturgeon. By S. W. Mitchell, M.D. Referred
to a Special Committee.

Summary of the Transactions of the Philadelphia Biological Society ; by Henry
Hartshorne, M. D., Recording Secretary. Referred to a special Committee.

Essay on the Supra-renal Capsules ; by J. Darby, M. D. Referred to the
Committee on Physiology.

A case of Fatty Degeneration of the Heart, in which death followed the inhala-
tion of chloroform. By W. A. Hammond, M. D., U. S. A. Referred to the Com-
mittee on Pathology.

A verbal communication was made by J. Cheston Morris, M. D., April 5th, in
connection with the exhibition of a human embryo, ten or twelve days old. A
report of the discussions which have taken place in the Department during the
month will be prepared and submitted hereafter.

Henry Hartshorne, Recorder.

Observations on the Blood Crystals of the Sturgeon,

BY S. WEIR MITCHELL, M. D.

While studying the blood of the sturgeon some time ago, I observed certain
facts of interest in regard to the crystallization of the albuminoid contents of
the blood corpuscles. In man, it is difficult to obtain blood crystals, and in
some cases I have totally failed to form them from his blood. In the sturgeon,
the tendency on the part of the blood to undergo this change is so great that it
is difficult to check the formation of crystals where their presence is undesira-
ble. Two methods of procuring the crystals m.ay be employed :

Ist. A drop of fresh blood is placed on a slide, and allowed to evaporate to
one half of its bulk. An equal quantity of distilled water is next added, and an
over glass superimposed. The crystals sometimes appear in a fewr minutes,
but more often they are first seen within periods varying from one hour to
ten. Once begun, the process continues slowly for some time.

2d. A readier mode, where time is not an object, is to allow the whole mass
of blood to stand in an open vessel exposed to light, and to a temperature of
60° or 70° F. Decomposition occurs slowly. The clot dissolves within a week,
and the mass of blood becomes dark and very fluid. When evaporation is
allowed to take place for a length of time, the blood becomes very ofiFensive,
and of a tar-like consistency.

At any time after forty-eight hours, a drop of this blood will yield by slight
evaporation, without added water, the most beautiful crystals. After this period,
the crystals form abundantly in the mass of blood, and may be easily examined.

The crystals formed in the two ways just described are essentially alike, but,
as other crystals of a different character occur with them, it is necessary to
describe all the forms which present themselves.

The first crystals which form, in whatever mode the blood be treated, are of

[April,

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 8

two kinds, neither of which are of albuminous nature. On plate 1, fig. 1, are
drawn certain short abruptly acuminated crystals of a pyramidal form. These
occur early, and are colorless, or nearly so. They strongly refract light, and arc
soluble in excess of ether, and in liq. potassae, and insoluble in water. They
disappear from the decomposing blood within two or three days after their for-
mation. They are probably of a fatty character. We also observe in the blood
very beautiful groups of long, shining, colorless needles, and slender, double
pyramids. See pi. 7, fig. 2. These also appear before the true albuminoid crys-
tals are seen ; the addition of a little water readily dissolves them. They are
undoubtedly of a saline character.

The 3rd set of crystals in order of formation are the true albuminoid crystals.
These magnificent microscopic objects present themselves in the sturgeon blood
either as hexagonal columns, or as sections of these, constituting hexagonal
tablets of the utmost beauty, pi. 2, 3, and 7. Granting these crystals to be of
albuminoid character, as Lehmann, Franke, and others have clearly made out
there are some additional points of sufficient interest to deserve remark.

The mechanical behaviour of the crystals adds to the proofs of their animal
character. Thus in place of being dissolved by certain re-agents, they become
contracted and deformed, but lose no bulk. Again, if the cover glass be pressed
down upon a large tetrahedron from the Guinea pig's blood, the crystal will
sometimes break up, but occasionally one will yield to the pressure, and flatten
out into a disc, resuming its angular form again when the pressure ceases.
Here then are elastic crystals.

The persistency with which these delicate albuminoid bodies retain their
form when left in the putrefying blood is very remarkable. Thus, on the third
of July I placed some sturgeon blood in a vial. It soon presented an abundance
of crystals which remained in it quite perfect up to the April following, when I
threw it away. During this period the blood was utterly putrid, and developed
foul gases to such an extent as to drive the cork out repeatedly.

This fact is the more singular, because almost every chemical re-agent acts
on these crystals destructively, and because I have failed to preserve them as
microscope specimens after very numerous efforts.

These columns and hexagons are, I believe, larger than any blood crystals
hitherto studied. I have formed them of one-eighth to one-twelfth of an inch in
length.

One chemist, Lehmann, is of opinion that the red coloring matter of the blood,
which so adds to the beauty of these crystals, is an essential chemical constitu-
ent. Against this view it may be urged : first, that the color varies even in
crystals of equal thickness ; second, that I have often been able to bleach a
crystal, or at least destroy or wash out its color with alcohol and water, with-
out injury to its form. Third, that I have been able to re-dissolve the crystals
in water and obtain them again by careful evaporation, devoid of color, but
unchanged in crystalline type. My friend Prof C. Johnston, of Baltimore, ha?
obtained a like result with the blood crystals of the opossum.

The blood crystals of the sturgeon I have found to be the same in form, from
whatever part of the body obtained. In the spring of 1854, I opened a yoxing
sturgeon, whose spleen was very large, and absolutely stuffed with blood crys-
tals, whose form was the same as that of the crystals obtained by artificial
means. Very frequent examinations of the blood crystals of man have afi'orded
me like results for him, and have shown how permanent is the type of crystal-
line form in his case. The blood of the male, the female, the fcctus and placenta :
and the blood of manj' diseases, as dysentery, measles, cholera, typhoid fever,
yellow fever, pneumonia, etc., gave in every case the same form of blood crystal.

Prof. Johnston, of Baltimore, informs me as a contrast to this statement, that
the splenic vein blood of the opossum affords tetrahedral forms, whilst all the
other blood of this animal yields rhombic cr^'stals.

The reactions afforded by the blood crystals of the sturgeon are difficult to
follow, since many agents completely disintegrate or fibrillate them, without

1858.]

4 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP [Biolog.

actiog as solvents. Others, as liq. soda and liq. potassae dissolve them readily,
and at the same time so aflfect their coloring matter as to give rise to a succes-
sion of tints, usually resulting in some shade of green.

Hot vrater acts readily as a solvent ; cold water, in excess, has a like effect
after some hours.

Hydrochloric and sulphuric acids dissolve the crystals easily. Nitrate of
silver merely blackens them. Alcohol contracts, swells, and at last granulates
them.

In good glycerine, the crystals lose color, but remain intact as to form for
many days, so that it may be possible to use this agent as a means of pi-eparing
them for the microscopic cabinet.

Otho Franke, who has made numerous researches upon blood crystals, first
observed the occurrence of crystals within the envelope of the human blood
corpuscle. I have frequently seen examples of this phenomenon in the large
corpuscles of the sturgeon. The crystals are as usual hexagonal plates, capable
of being re-dissolved, so as to give back to view the original outline of the
corpuscle. In some instances the nucleus is seen through the crystal, or along
side of it, but I am not sure that it is caught or included within the crystal
itself, pi. 6.

The last fact to which I desire to call attention, is, I think, quite novel, and
certainly very interesting, as illustrative of some points in pathology. When a
glass slide containing a group of the crystals is kept for some weeks, the crys-
tals slowly dry, crack in many directions, and by degrees alter in color so as to
exhibit very beautiful tints, such as yellow, orange, purple, and varied shades
of green.

The same phenomenon may also be seen in the nebulous masses of pigment,
in dried blood which has not crystallized. It is to be presumed that these
changes of color are due to the slow oxidising influence of the atmosphere.
They recal very strikingly the alterations of tint undergone by the leaf in
Autumn, and are best comprehended by a glance at the illustrations which ac-
company this paper. PI. 2, 3, 4, 5.

March, 1858.

Summary of the Transactions of the Philadelphia Biological Society.
Reported by Henry Hartshokke, M. D., Eecording Secretary.

Jan. 18fA, 1858. Dr. Wm. A. Hammond read a paper " On the Injection of
Urea and other substances into the blood ;^'* giving an account of several series of
experiments instituted in order to determine the correctness of Frerich'S ex-
planation of ursemic intoxication, by the conversion of urea into carbonate of
ammonia, and resulting, among other conclusions, in the opinion, that this
theory fails to be sustained, and that the carbonate of ammonia is not, itseK,
more poisonous than urea.

In the brief discussion which ensued, the fact, mentioned in the paper, of
the non-appearance of ammonia in the breath after the injection into the blood
of urea mixed with vesical mucus, was noted, as being contrary to expectation
based on other facts. Dr. Hammond explained that, in his view, the conver-
sion of urea into carbonate of ammonia, which occurs in the presence of mucus
out of the body, will not take place in living blood.

Dr. S. W. Mitchell remarked that health tj mucus has not been found to
hasten this decomposition of urea ; but that, out of the body, urea will, with-
out any ferment, undergo spontaneous conversion.

Reduction of temperature by depletion. — Dr. S. W. Mitchell mentioned that,
having occasion, recently, in a case of insanity, to take from a patient a very
large amount of blood — 189 fluid ounces — in a short space of time, he observed

*See N. Amer. Medico-Chiurg. Review, March, 1858.

IJ April,

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

that the temperature of the blood underwent a marked decrease with each de-
pletion. Being, at the first, 100° Fahr., it fell by degrees to 96.2°. During
subsequent convalescence it again gradually rose, being at the time of the last
examination, 98.7°.
Intestinal absorption. — Dr. .Joseph Leidy made the following remarks :
The observation of Goodsii-, that the epithelium of the intestine appears
frequently to be thrown oif in laminre, exposing the basement membrane so as
to absorb directly, has been generally denied by others ; but the true mode of
shedding the columnar epithelium of the intestine has not yet been demon-
strated. In examining the intestinal canal of insects, as ilies, beetles, grass-
hoppers, &c., the structure of which, although very delicate, is essentially the
same as that of the intestine of higher animals, having a columnar epithelium
upon a basement membrane, and beneath this a muscular tunic — on placing
the mucous membrane upon the object-glass of a microscope while yet living,
Dr. Leidy observed that, when a little water was added, endosmose taking
place, the oldest and thinnest cells received the fluid most rapidly, while these
were pushed out by the presence of others, thus squeezing the liquid through
them. It is, therefore, probable that the epithelium is shed cell by cell, the
oldest cells being crowded out by the new ones forming beneath. This can be
seen by any one under the microscope in the intestine of the common house-
fly. The nutritious matter in contact with the epithelial cells passes into them
by endosmose, and thence through the basement membrane into the subjacent
vessels. Dr. Leidy has never seen the epithelium stripped ofi" in layers,
although he has often watched the process in mice, serpents, salamanders, and
frogs, in all of which the mucous membrane has a similar structure. He has,
however, very often observed the new cells pushing themselves between the
old ones, altering their shape, — the round ones being seen at the bottom, and
the elongated oval or pear-shaped ones above.

Feb. 1st. Oxaluria. — Dr. J. Cheston Morris remarked that it is only within
the last 35 years that the occasional occurrence of oxalate of lime in the urine
has been noticed. At first it was only surmised to exist in this excretion from
the fact that calculi were often found to consist partly of it. But soon after
the perfection of the microscope, and its general employment in clinical investi-
gation, octohedral crystals of various sizes and great brilliancy were observed,
which were proved by chemical investigation to consist wholly of this salt.
The discovery of the nature of these crystals would probably have been made
earlier, had not observers been led astray by the fact that oxalate of lime, when
precipitated ordinarily fi-om solutions of lime-salts by oxalate of ammonia, is
amorphous. Lehmann, however, states that when extremely dilute solutions
are used, and the precipitate is examined with high powers, minute octohedra
may be distinguished. It is obvious, however, that in physiological chemistry
some circumstance must exist, modifying the mode of formation of this most
insoluble salt, as we find it occurring in quite large and beautiful crystals, as
in the cells of various plants, and even in the urine of man and other mam-
malia. This modifying circumstance I take to be the extremely gradual for-
mation of oxalic acid in the course of the chemical changes constantly taking
place in all organic fluids. The formation of oxalic acid is always due to the
partial oxidation of the substance when it is procured, whether in the pro-
cesses of nature, in the vegetable and animal kingdoms, or in our labora-
tories by the action of nitric acid on sugar. Probably no other substance has
undergone so rapid a change of opinion as to its pathological importance. Re-
garded at first as a sure fore-runner of mulberry calculus, it was supposed to
depend upon a peculiar diathesis as its cause. Then it was supposed to be due
to the consumption of vegetables containing oxalates ; a view refuted by the
utter insolubility of oxalate of lime in any of the fluids of the body, and the
(ionsequent impossibility of its penetrating the blood-vessels — yet supported by
Wilson and Donne. It has been found to be increased by the use of carbonated
liquors and of nitrogenous food ; after epileptic convulsions, in chorea, chronic

1858.]

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog-

bronchitis, typhus fever, spermatorrhoea, and dyspepsia. In these diseases,
we have either a disturbed respiration or an excessive retrograde tissue-
metamorphosis ; and to these we must look to discover the cause of the ap-
I^earance of oxalate of lime in the urine. The changes which the substances
introduced into the animal system undergo, are those of progressive oxida-
tion ; hence it is easily seen that a diminished supply of oxygen, or an increased
waste of tissue, would be accompanied by an imperfect oxidation.

But from being regarded as a pathological constituent of high importance,
oxalate of lime has now come to be considered an almost normal substance in
the urine. It ra^y be found in almost any specimen of urine which has been
allowed to stand until the acid fermentation has occurred. Dr. Golding Bird
believes the cause of this to be its deposition from a sort of solution in the
urine, an opinion in which I cannot concur, as proof is wanting that it is solu-
ble in a?iy urine. It is well known that mine undergoes an acid fermentation,
commencing soon after its expulsion from the bladder, and continuing for some
days, during which uric and oxalic acids are formed ; after a time, however, a
second fermentation occurs, in which the urea is converted into carbonate of
ammonia. What explanation can we give of the occurrence of these apparent-
ly opposite phenomena in the same liquid under the same circumstances ? The
ferment which acts in both cases is probably the vesical mucus ; and the sub-
stance changed must be either this mucus, the coloring matter, or the creatin
and creatinin, as these are the only other nitrogenized substances present.
That it cannot be the mucus is proved by filtering the urine, after which it still
ferments, though more slowly. That it is connected with the presence of
creatin may be inferred from the fact that Dr. Miltenberger and I (Med. Ex-
aminer, 1854) have found crystals of creatin formed by spontaneous evapora-
tion in mici'oscopic specimens of urine containing oxalate of lime. If we take
Ci Hg N3 O4 as the composition of creatin, two equivalents of the latter, with
14 of the oxgen would yield 1 equiv. of uric acid, 1 of urea, 2 of oxalic acid,
and 8 of water, thus :

2 ( Cs Hi Ns O4 ) -f 14 0 = Co H4 N4 Oe -f C. Hi N^ O2 -f 2C. O3 + 8H0.

I suppose some such reaction as this to take place as long as any creatin re-
mains in the urine, thus explaining the acid fermentation ; when this has
ceased to occur, the urea decomposes into carbonate of ammonia. This will
also explain the crj'stallization of the oxalate ; for, as this is a slow process,
the oxalic acid is very slowly presented to the lime-salts of the urine, thus
fulfilling the condition given by Lehmann as necessary for the formation of the
crystals. Prof. Jones, of Georgia, succeeded in obtaining them by endosmose,
to which he attributes this formation ; but this is obviously only another
method otvery gradually presenting the oxalic acid to the lime, the main con-
dition requisite for their formation.

Dr. Hajimoxd observed, that he had frequently found oxalate of lime in the
urine, in his own person and that of others, during health ; large crystals, both
of the dumb-bell and octohedral forms being presented. Dr. Hammond does
not credit the existence of an "oxalate of lime disease," nor of a diathesis,
such as is described by some English pathologists, characterized by excess of
urea.

Feb. 15th. Dr. T. G. Richardson read an elaborate paper by Dr. George
.Paton, of Gait, Canada West, upon the Functions of the Spiyial Cord, as illus-
trated by experiments on cold-blooded animcds ;* endeavoring to show occasion for
some modification of the theory of reflex action of Marshall Hall, and for the
opinion th.a.i perception is one of the attributes of the spinal cord, and especially
of the medulla oblongata.

Dr. Leidy remarked that the experiments narrated in the paper did not ap-
pear to him entirely conclusive, as the movements described might be auto-

* See N. Amer. Medico-Chiurg. Review, May, 1858.

[April.

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

matic. This was the view taken by Dr. Leidy of the results observed by him
in analogous experiments made several years since, upon frogs, flies, &c. He
believed that the conveyance of impressions, in insects, for instance, to the
chain of ventral ganglia, should be expected, without supposing perception to
produce the apparently voluntary movements. While experimenting at one
time upon pigeons, Dr. Leidy kept one alive, after the removal of the cere-
brum, for nearly two months. It spent much of the day in walking up and
down the room, but never passed through the open door into the room adjoin-
ing, the dark shade of which appeared to have the efi"ect, through the retina, of
a bar or obstacle. All its motions seemed, to Dr. Leidy, to be automatic and
unreasoning ; approaching the fire, for example, for warmth, but getting so
near as to burn itself, having, repeatedly, to be picked out of the ash-pan.
Acts are often set down as evincing consciousness, which are really automatic.
such as the darting of a frog at a bright object, or of a fly against a window-
pane. The same act will be repeated a thoiisand times in the same way, with-
out learning by the experiment, it being the mere result of an impression on
the organs of sense.

Mr. W. Parker Foulke suggested an enquiry, in regard to the somewhat
oomplex and determinate movements of newly -born animals, which could not
possibly have learned by experience how to perform such acts ; if these were
automatic, how do they differ from those described in the paper of Dr. Paton ?
Moreover, in using the term " perceptive act," does Dr. Paton mean that the
animal is believed to be conscious of the impression through the spinal cord,
and to act voluntarily ?

Dr. Richardson considered that this was liis meaning, and urged, that in
some of the experiments related in the paper, sensibility appeared to be shown
by the purposive character of the movements made. Thus, when an animal, whose
brain has been removed, is lightly touched about the neck, and makes a
special movement to brush off the irritant, this motion is only one of many
movements possible to the same muscles, and one of the least J'requent oma.t\x-
ral to them. We must, therefore, infer sensibility to account for this deter-
minate movement, instead of the more simple and uniform contraction, such
as reflex action produces.

Dr. H. Hartshorne believed that different modes or degrees of irritation of
the same surface might produce variable contractions of muscles, under reflex
action alone.

Dr. Leidy confirmed this opinion, by examples, in the movements of frogs,
flies, &c, from which the brain had been removed.

Dr. Richardson : — Do not these examples really show the possession of sensi-
bility by the cord or ventral ganglia, for which the author of the paper con-
tends ?

Dr. H. Hartshorne considered that the statement of the paper, that reflex
actions are always uniform under impressions upon the same part, is true only
when the impressions are like in degree, and are conveyed by the same nerve-
fibres, to the same central ganglia. Thus, the impression of light upon the
retina, which, by one reflex circuit causes the contraction of the pupil, will, by
another, induce a more general movement of muscles, or the act of sneezing, or
the flow of tears. Moreover, a purposive or determinate character in move-
ments does not remove them from the category of automatic actions. Thus, for
instance, those called instinctive in lower animals, and others, in the higher,
designated as sensori-motor by some physiologists, are still reflex, that is, de-
pendent on an impression from without, acting through a complex nervous ap-
paratus. Dr. Hartshorne has not, in fact, seen satisfactory evidence of the
existence of will in any animal except man, — the actions of all the others being
explicable upon the idea of more or less complex automatism ; and, where the
subject is so obscure, it is most philosophical to assume only the one idea or
supposition, which will account for the facts, rather than two, as we must do

1858.]

8 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

when, in such experiments as those alluded to, we suppose consciousness and
will to exist.

Dr. S. W. Mitchell observed that many very similar experiments to those
of Dr. Paton had been performed and recorded by Dr. Dewier, of New Orleans ;
one of which was more extraordinary than any narrated in Dr. Paton's paper ;
in which an alligator, whose brain, spinal marrow, and viscera had been re-
moved, yet exhibited movements apparently as intelligently guided as those
common to the animal in its natural state.

Dr. Hammond had seen a rattlesnake, the head of which had been cut off,
and its skin and viscera removed, yet coil itself up and sti'ike.

Dr. Hammond then read a paper On the alterations produced by Intermittent
Fever in the excretion of urine, and on the action of the Disulphate of Quinine ;*
tending to show, so far as one case, carefally observed, can prove, that the ex-
i;retion of uric and phosphoric acids is increased during the paroxysm, and
that this excess disap^jears under the use of quinine.

Dr. H. Hartshorne made some remarks On the best means of advancing Bio-
logical Science at the present time, adverting to the danger, which he considered
a principal one in the science of the present century, of logismophobia, i. e, the
dread of reasoning, as opposed to simple obsei-vation, and expressing the view,
that, in every scheme of scientific inquiry, there should be, after the model of
Bacon's " New Atalantis," room, not only for observers and experimenters, but
also for "depredators," "compilers, "and "interpreters of nature." Dr. Harts-
home made an appeal, also, in favor of the organization of a system of joint
investigation, by observation, experiment and otherwise, by members volun-
teering for the purpose, in connection with important questions or problems,
illustrating this proposition by a series of questions, which might be found
capable of determination in such a mode.

Dr. Leidt, Dr. Richardson and others expressed their approbation of this
proposal for organized investigation.

Dr. Hammond, in connection with it, gave an account of the German ' ' Verein
f iir gemeinschaftliche Arbeiten, ' ' which has been in existence for several years,
numbering many hundreds of members, on the Continent and in Great Britain,
and issuing, in its archives, a remarkable number of interesting and valuable
productions.

March 1st. Dr. Walter F. Atlee presented a preparation of an acephalous
child, and read a paper, giving a description of the monstrosity, f

Dr. Leidy described a similar one, having neither head nor arms, now in the
Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.

Dr. J. C. Morris inquired whether the state of the placenta had been exam-
ined into in either of those cases ? Dr. Morris had noticed, that in several in-
stances of acephalous fcetus, fatty degeneration of the placenta had occurred.
Dr. M. had also attended a patient, who was delivered at full term of a foetus,
which had died at the 7th month ; fatty degeneration of the placenta was
found to be complete. The same mother was afterwards delivered of a child
at full term, but which was not more developed than is usual at the 7th month.
It has been imagined by some, that fatty degeneration of the placenta at the
end of pregnancy, may be the cause of labor ; but such a case as that just
mentioned, tends to disprove this.

Dr. Leidy remarked, that the condition of the placenta could not acccount
for such a monstrosity as the one exhibited by Dr. Atlee ; as this, from its
nature, must have been determined in the embryo : having no upper extremi-
ties, as well as no head. The upper extremities always pullulate before the
formation of the placenta. In this case, also, the placenta must have been
healthy enough to furnish nutriment for all parts of the body, which were
present.

*See Amer. Journ. of Med. Sciences, April, 1858.
t See Am. Journ. of Med. Sciences, April, 1858.

[April,

Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9

Dr. Hammo>'d described a canine monstrosity obtained by him at Fort Riley,
Kansas, in which, besides the presence of six legs and several supernumerary
toes, there was an entire absence of intestines and anus, the stomach ending
in a cul de sac.

Dr. Atlee said, that he had, in his paper, said nothing of the causes of mon-
strosities, they being, in fact, altogether unknown. Only three modes of
causation appear to be possible : 1. Defect in the germ ; 2. Emotion, such as
fright, &c, in the mother ; 3. Accidental violence acting upon the foetus during
gestation. In regard to neither of these can we obtain, at present, accurate
knowledge.

Dr. Corse observed, that some modifying causes are occasionally obvioiis ;
as, irregular contractions of the uterus, such as are known to occur, and which,
by pressure, may act upon the foetus. Dr. Corse possesses a specimen which
illustrates tliis ; in which there is no neck, and only a vesicle in place of the
brain. In many cases of acephalous monstrosity. Dr. Corse would suppose ex-
ternal causes to be most probable.

Dr. Lbjdy thought it difficult to conceive how external causes could act upon
the embryo at so early a stage, and while so minute as it must be at the time
when such a deformity is produced. Dr. Leidy alluded to the experiments of
Newport iipon the fecundation of the frog, as suggesting the possibility that
the defect might occur, in connection with the act of conception itself.

March 15th. Dr. S. W. Mitchell read a paper, entitled " Observations on the
Blood of the Sturgeon,''^ illustrated by drawings of crystals obtained from the
albuminoid corpuscles of that fish ; and containing, amongst other interesting
points, new reasons for the belief, that Lehmann's opinion of the coloring mat-
ter of the blood being essential to the constitution of blood-crystals, is erro-
neous.

Dr. Mitchell further remarked, upon his having noticed, with surprise, that,
when a drop of sturgeon's blood was left at rest untU its edges began to dry,
the nuclei of its corpuscles, which are easily seen, approached one another ;
so that, if there were several corpuscles, their nuclei would seem to be in
contact. The phenomenon resembled, somewhat, the nummulation of the
corpuscles, at the beginning of an inflammation. The mere drying up of the
coi-puscles did not explain this ; the explanation was not obvious.

Dr. H. Hartshorne inquired, whether ordinary gravitative attraction might
not explain it, as it does the approaching of light particles floating in a liquid
to each other, or to the sides of the vessel ?

Dr. Mitchell thought not ; doubting, even, whether the latter phenomena
were explicable by gravitative attraction alone.

Dr. Hammond called attention to the fact, mentioned in Dr. Mitchell's paper,
that he had not succeeded in obtaining blood-crystals from the fresh blood of
the human finger. Dr. Hammond had made the attempt with blood of the
soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx) ; during the first week he could find no crystals ;
but, two months' afterwards, they were distinctly observable.

Dr. Mitchell had repeatedly failed in the attempt with blood of the water-
turtles of the vicinity of Philadelphia. He had, however, in such experi-
ments, observed certain saline crystals, which did not undergo granulation
and fibrillation before solution ; which Dr .M. believes to be a test.

Dr. Morris considered, nevertheless, that the crystals, mentioned by Dr.
Hammond, were true blood-crystals ; being, as he himself had witnessed,
witliiu the blood-corpuscles.

Dr. Leidy remembered having once seen a similar occurrence in the blood of
a salamander. He had, also, noticed octohedral crystals witliin the epithelial
cells of a lepidopterous insect, the Arctia Isabella; which is a caterpillar,
found in winter under stones and leaves : each nucleus of an epithelial cell
was the centre of an octohedron.

1858.] 2i

10 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP [Biolog.

Dr. Mitchell mentioned, that he had found the greatest facility in obtain-
ing human blood-crystals from pneumonic clots.

Dr. Morris expressed the opinion that blood-crystallization is a result of
change in the albuminoid matter of the corpuscles, under the action of oxygen ;
the crystals being seldom formed without exposure to the air, or, at least, with-
out time for partial cadaveric decomposition. They are, therefore, derivative
in their nature.

Leaving this subject, — Dr. Morris stated, that he had been interested, while
observing some plants in bloom near a closed window, in finding a deposit of
moisture upon the glass, immediately opposite to each flower ; there being
none opposite to the leaves. This was not what he should have been led to
expect, from the recognized action of the leaves, in concentrating the sap of
plants by evaporation. Opposite to the flowers of a Camellia, there had also
been found a collection of a viscid sweet substance.

Dr. LErov supposed this sweet substance to be the secretion ejected by an
aphis, which sucks the juices of flowers, and throws out continually what is
called, as it appears on many plants, honey-dew ; which constitutes the value
of the aphides to ants, whence they have been called ant-cows. On grape-
vines, in summer, the black aphides abound, and black ants may be seen
running up and down, eating this substance, thrown out when the aphis is
irritated. It has the power of ejecting it to a considerable distance. On
the flowers and other parts of the Ailanthus and Tulip-poplar, drops of it,
darkened by dust, are often visible ; the Camellia is especially well adapted
for their display.

Mr. E. TiLGHMAN exhibited and explained briefly his application of photogra-
phy to the construction of goniometers and micrometers. It consists, essentially,
in taking by a microscopic camera a photograph on glass of a graduated semi-
circle, of proper size to place on the diaphragm of an ordinary Huygheman
eye-piece, so as, by super-position, to measure the angle of microscopic crys-
tals. The base of the graduated semicircle may also be divided as a micro-
meter, so that the same instrument may be used for the two purposes. By
advancing or withdrawing the microscopic camera to or from the negative, put
up against the light, the graduated semicircle may be adapted to any sized eye-
piece. The cost of this construction is very small. Mr. Tilghman anticipates
making a fuller report upon the subject at some future time.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a number of sections of the human cranium, illustrating
the beautiful mechanism by which union of the different parts of the skull is
efl'ected, not only in man, but throughout the whole animal kingdom ; and
which is especially striking before the sutures are co-ossified. One section
was horizontal, one vertical antero-posteriorly, and four vertical laterally. In
all, minute examination displayed the most exquisite overlapping and inter-
junction of parts, completing that adaptation to its contents, which is obvious in
the form and whole construction of the cranium.

April Idth. Dr. J. Darby read an elaborate paper on the Supra-Renal Cap-
gules; advancing the opinion, based on original observation and research, that
those organs are so important to the normal condition of the blood, and to the
functional actions of the nervous system, as to be almost indispensable to life.

Dr. W. A. Hammond read a description of a Case of Fatty Degeneration of the
Heart, in ivhich death followed the inhalation of chloroform. The impurity of the
chloroform (or chloric ether) used in this case was such, that Dr. Hammond
supposed it possible that this might aid in accounting for the fatal result.

Dr. H. Hartshorne, in connection with the same subject, gave an account of
some experiments made by himself with the inhalation of deodorized alcohol.
An inhaling apparatus on the ordinary principle was used, air being introduced
only through the alcohol. After breathing through the tube of the apparatus
for ten minutes, a feeling of exhilaration was produced, without somnolence or
circulatory excitement, but with some diminution of sensibility; and, in one
instance, with forcible, though not accelerated palpitation of the heart. The

[April,

Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 11

conclusion arrived at was, that any increase in the danger of anaesthesia from
chloroform could hardly be expected to result from the addition to it of pure
alcohol. This, of course, would not apply to the ethereal or other substances
often associated with it.

Dr. Hammond mentioned that the preparation alluded to in his paper con-
tained, besides other impurities, a small percentage of muriatic acid ; very much
less, however, than had been reported as contained in a specimen employed in
one of the London hospitals.

Dr. J. C, MoERis supposed that the muriatic acid might have had some influ-
ence in causing death : the lungs being congested, and the right side of the
heart loaded with blood, while the left side, was empty ; as would be the case if
the pulmonic circulation were interfered with by an irrespirable substance.

Dr. W. F. Atleb considered the occurrence of vomiting, shortly before death,
to have been an evidence that the brain was powerfully affected, which alone
might suffice to cause death.

Dr. Hats observed that it is impossible to account for the deaths which oc-
cur under the inhalation of chloroform. Very recently a case has been recorded
which strikingly exhibits this : in which the chloroform employed was carefully
examined, and found entirely pure ; the quantity used was small, the person
administering it, one experienced in its use in an English Hospital ; and every
care was exercised even as to its sufficient dilution with air. The body of the
patient was examined after death, and nothing was found to explain the result.
In cases of undoubted fatty degeneration of the heart, chloroform has repeatedly
been given with safety: one writer upon the subject going so far as to say that
such degeneration affords no objection to its use. In some instances the same
patient had inhaled chloroform, from the same bottle, two or three times, with-
out disadvantage, and yet it proved fatal to him at last.

Dr. Leidy had noticed the same uncertainty or variability of action of chlo-
roform in experiments upon animals. A strong, healthy cat was destroyed by
breathing an amount of chloroform, which several others, at the same time,
inhaled harmlessly. In his own person, Dr. Leidy had found one of the most
marked effects of chloroform to be a total loss of muscular power.

Dr. B. H. CoATES believed chloroform to act poisonously, by directly dimin-
ishing the action of the heart. The absolute amount of vital power in different
individuals or organs cannot be calculated ; but, if the heart be in a state of
fatty degeneration, its vitality must be thereby diminished. The rapidity of
absorption by the lungs, as demonstrated in experiments recorded by Dr. Coates
and others, aids in baffling our calculations. The admixture of other articles
with chloroform increases the ambiguity ; and to avoid danger, the greatest
care is needed in regard to the dose.

Dr. F. G. Smith inquired whether the state of consciousness of the patient was
noted in either of the cases alluded to ?

Dr. Hammond stated that the man whose case had been narrated in his paper
was not conscious during the period immediately preceding death.

Dr. F. G. Smith observed that the action of chloroform may be traced more
directly in the muscular than in the nervous organs ; causing a destruction of
the irritability of muscular fibre. An analogy is presented to this in some
experiments reported by Dr. Rand, in which the leaflets of mimosa pudica,
exposed to chloroform, lost all their contractibility. Some, at least, of the cases
of sudden death under anaesthesia may be explicable upon this principle. Hav-
ing been repeatedly placed under anaesthetic influence. Dr. Smith had found,
that while his consciousness was not at all affected, being able to note the beat-
ing of his heart, and to hear and see all that was going on around him, perhaps
with even excited sensibility, a total inability to exert the voluntary muscles
was produced. The sensation might be described as that of being flattened oiit.

Dr. W. F. Atlee recalled the suggestive fact, that a few drops of chloroform
let fall on a bundle of ciliated epithelium of the frog, will arrest the ciliary
motion at once.

1858.]

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

Dr. J. C. Mop.Kis narrated the singular case of a lady, by whom a considerable
amount of chloroform was inhaled to relieve morbid vigilance, producing the
appearance of sleep, and even stertorous respiration, yet without annulling con-
sciousness ; as was shown by her soon re-acquiring the power of motion, and
describing the movements made by those about her. There seemed here to be
a retention of sensibility, with a loss of voluntary motion.

Dr. Woodward had noticed similar phenomena in persons using chloroform
by inhalation as an intoxicating agent. He had known several persons, one a
medical man, who were in the habit, for months together, of using it in this
manner every day after dinner. In all of these there appeared to be a loss of
muscular power with retention of consciousness.

Dr. H. Hartshorxe had formed the opinion that the principal action of chlo-
roform is upon the cerebro-spinal axis, resembling, in its suddenness of effect in
fatal cases, some of the experiments of Wilson Philip, and others, in which im-
mediate arrest of the heart's action was produced by destroying the brain with
a hammer, or the spinal cord by inserting a heated rod into the canal. The
destruction of the spinal marrow will produce, also, general relaxation of the
voluntary muscles. At the same time, the cases mentioned suggest the proba-
bility that the influence of chloroform may be exerted upon the different nerve-
centres in greater or less degree in different cases. It is not impossible that
fatal anajsthesia of the medulla oblongata, destroying life by arrest of respira-
tion, might occur, without prior annihilation of sensorial consciousness.

May 3d. Dr. Leidy exhibited a drawing of the Echinococcus hominis, commonly
known under the name of hydatid. The specimen from which it was taken was
found in a tumor seated in the muscles of the right iliac region, which had
been supposed to consist of impacted fpeces in the colon. The patient had been
dead several days, when the body was injected with chloride of zinc ; yet two
days afterwards the parasites were still alive. None of the injection, however,
had come into contact with it, as it had no direct communication with the body.
The Echinococcus is the larval form of a tape worm. Dr. Leidy described its
mode of propagation and of locating itself in the body.

JIajy nth. Dr. J. J. Woodward read a paper* describing three cancerous
tumors, which displayed interesting peculiarities, illustrating one mode of
development of carcinoma from a liquid blastema, enveloped in a cyst. The
paper opposed the opinion expressed by Rokitansky, that cancer is essentially
an albuminosis.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a minnow, caught in the Schuylkill, having disease of
the scales of the upper part of the head and about the orbit. The scales were
dilated, and filled with delicate organic cells, much resembling carcinomatous
cells. They were certainly not confervoid or fungous, but were purely patho-
logical, and thus of interest as a specimen of diseased formation in a fish. Dis-
ease, in the inferior animals, and even in plants, is deserving of study by medical
men, since it may throw light upon the nature of disease in man.

June 7th. — Dr. Hexey Haetshoene read a paper "On the bearing of Physiolo-
gy on Paleontology.'" Referred to a special Committee.

Dr. J. J. Woodward made the following verbal communication, in regard to
the "Examination of a fungous growth upon the head of a Eydrargyra fasciata,"
canght in the Schuylkill river, and referred to Mm by Dr. Leidy at the last
meeting of the Department.

This fish presented a dark greenish hlne fungous mass upon its head, and
several greenish discolorations on various parts of its body. Examination
showed the mass to consist of a cryptogamous plant, in the meshes of which
loosened and partially disentegrated cells from the epithelium of the scales
were abundantly entangled. The dark color was due to the presence of isolated

* See Am. Joum, of Med. Sciences, July, 1858.

[June,

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13

pigment cells identical with those of the pigmentary layer of the scale. The
same plant occurred, though less abundantly, on all the discolorations above
referred to. The plant resembled more closely the Torula cerevisiw than any
other. Like it, it was composed of cells with distinct nuclei, isolated, or dis-
posed in rows, the terminal cells of any row being always of diminished size.
But it differed from the Toriila in presenting a distinct greenish hue.

He has been unable to find it figured in any of the books.

Dr. J. H. Slack alluded to the fungous growth sometimes met with on the
sides of fishes, and not unfrequently fatal to them.

Dr. Leidy remarked that this had been ascertained to be the Achlya
prolifera ; a myceliiim, with processes terminating in capsules, which emit
ciliated and contractile sporules. Weakness of the fish appears to predispose
to the attack. It is often found on the gold-fish.

Mr. QtTEEy exhibited a series of beautiful micro-photographs, prepared by
Mr. Rehs, presenting views of blood, spicula of sponge, Acarus scabiei, &c.

Dr. J. C. lloERis related the particulars of a case of extra-uterine pregnancy,
which occurred in the practice of a friend of his, and which will be given to the
profession in a short time through a medical journal. The foetus remained four
years in a sac within the abdomen ; at the close of this time a fistulous connec-
tion was established with the rectum, and the child (of eight months) was
brought through the anus by the aid of narrow-bladed forceps.

Dr. Morris also called the attention of tlie Department to the fact stated by
Dutrochet, that the endosmotic current takes place with great rapidity from an
acidulated fluid towards a neutral or slightly alkaline one. The amount of
acidity exercises a marked influence upon the current ; and if it be considerable,
destroys it altogether. We are more in a condition now to see the application
of this fact in the economy of digestion, than when it was believed that all of
the food, after being ehymified in the stomach, was sent to the intestines to be
converted into chyle, prior to its absorption into the circulatory system. It
may be readily conceived that the gastric mucous membrane secretes, especi-
ally during digestion, a watery fluid containing a principle capable of splitting,
by a sort of fermentation, into lactic acid, such a process being rendered still
more probable by the considerable amount of atmospheric air which finds its
way to the stomach, mixed with the saliva and food. The presence of this
acid will fully account for the occasional occurrence of free muriatic acid, as
chloride of sodium is readily decomposed by it at an elevated temperature into
lactate of soda and muriatic acid ; and the neutral phosphates may in the same
way be rendered acid. This would then account readily for the occurrence of
the free acid in the gastric juice ; while the fi-ee acid would again promote a
rapid current into the blood-vessels of the fluid now charged to a greater or
less extent with the nitrogenised elements of the food.

An explanation is thus afforded also of the nausea and vomiting produced
by an excess of free acid in the stomach, quantities of fluid being thus
evacuated sometimes, which almost exceed credence. In this case the excess
of acid prevents the endosmose of the fluid into the blood-vessels, and causes it
to accumulate, while the fresh exudations undergo the same change ; until,
finally, the overburdened stomach disgorges its troublesome load.

If we next consider the acid fluid of muscles as opposed to the alkaline
capillary fluid we have a similar condition of things manifested ; and the con-
centrated arterial blood becomes loaded with the water, carbonic acid, and
other products of muscular disintegration, a counter-current meanwhile carry-
ing albuminoid material to the fibriUa for their renovation. Here we may find
the explanation of the increased nutrition of a muscle that is frequently exer-
cised ; the very act of destruction of the tissue by its contraction, causing the
endosmotic currents to flow with increased rapidity.

There is some reason to believe, that all secretions are neutral or alkaline

1858.]

14 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP [Biolog.

"when they leave the blood, and only become acid by the fermentative pro-
cesses set up in them, sometimes with extreme rapidity, as in the case of the
urine. We know that oxalic acid must be the result of some such change ;
and yet renal calculi of oxalate of lime are not very rare.

June 21st. — Dk. J. J. Woodward read a paper entitled '^^ Histological Remarks
upon a Secondary Cancer of the Pleura;''^ in which evidence was given in sup-
port of the assertion that cancerous blastema contains fibrin as well as albumen.
The most remarkable points set forth in the examination of the case narrated
in the paper, were, 1st, the extent of the pleural surface occupied by the new
formation ; 2nd, the quantity of the latter and of its exudation ; 3rd, the failure
of development of its elementary foi-ms beyond the stage of nuclei.

A brief discussion took place upon the subject of the paper, between Dr.
WooDWAHD and Dr. Mokris ; the paper was referred to the Committee on
Pathology.

Sept. 6th. Dr. J. J. Woodward described briefly some recent observations
made by him upon the cell-wall of pus-cells, separated from their contents by
endosmose in urine. A more elaborate communication will be made by him
upon the subject, hereafter.

Dr. J. C. Morris remarked upon the results of a post-mortem examination
of a horse, which had been affected with frequent urination, along with other
symptoms, for some time before death. Bright's disease of both kidneys, in
the fatty stage, was discovered.

Dr. Woodward stated that he had observed fatty degeneration of the liver,
very often, in animals exposed in our markets and elsewhere. Much of the
mutton of our markets, moreover, he had ascertained to be the meat of tuber-
culous sheep.

In connection with the same subject, Dr. Morris alluded to an epidemic
among horses, in Philadelphia, two years ago, which he considered to have had
the characters of typhoid fever. Careful examination, in fact, may detect the
occurrence of most of our ordinary diseases in the domestic animals.

Dr. Corse had inspected the lungs of three or four hundred sheep, from
which he had obtained some ten specimens of well marked tuberculosis.
Nearly twenty-five per cent., however, of the sheep exhibited more or less
tuberculous deposit ; the existence of which he was enabled to trace to an
evident connection with bad feeding and keeping. Dr. Corse had also re-
peatedly found well-marked cancer of the liver in oxen.

Dr. Woodward stated that the general symptoms and local history of tuber-
culosis in animals are quite parallel to those connected with its occurrence in
the human subject ; although the proportionate amount of general or sym-
pathetic disorder is somewhat less in the former.

Catarrhal and bronchitic affections frequently occur in cattle. Cysts in the
kidney, and calculi in the bladder, are common in cattle. Dogs are especially
liable to cancer ; but it occurs in cats also. Rats appear to be particularly
liable to a number of diseases.

Mr. TiLGHMAN inquired whether artificial or abnormal circumstances could
be shewn by observation to account for tuberculosis in animals ?

Dr. Woodward afiirmed the opinion that such will prove to be the case ;
although full evidence is at the present time wanting in regard to it. The close
resemblance of the normal structures in the anatomy of all the vertebrata
should lead us to expect similarity in their pathology and etiology also.

Sept. 20th. Dr. W.'A. Hammond read a paper " On the Secondary Formation
of Blood-crystals;" which was referred to a special committee.

[Sept.

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

15

Dr. Corse exhibited a specimen of morbid growth of hair upon the cornea
of an OS.

Dr. Leidy mentioned, in explanation of this monstrosity, that the hairs in
the specimen were the result of the excessive development of very minute
hairs naturally existing at the inner canthus of the eye, in connection with the
oaruncula lachrymalis, and corresponding with the nictitating membrane.

Dr. Hammond stated that he had been requested by the " Verein fur gemein-
schaftliche Arbeiten^' to present to the Department the new forms oi^^Krankheits
Tabelle" issued by the Verein, and to desire some action of the Department
thereupon. A Committee was appointed upon the subject, consisting of Drs.
Hammond, Woodward and H. Hartshorne.

On the Secondary Formation of Blood Crystals.
BY WILLIAM A. HAMMOND, M. D.

Assistant Surgeon, United States Army.

A few days ago, whilst viewing a slide on which I had four years since mounted
some blood-discs of a common prairie snake, {Eutainia elegans) I was surprised to
find scattered amongst their corpuscles a number of well marked acicular crys-
tals, most of them connected in groups, and radiating from a centre as shown
in the drawing.

I had not inspected this slide for about five months, and at that time I am
confident the crystals were not present. I had constantly before been in the
habit of looking at these corpuscles, but had never previously perceived cry-
stals.

This is the second time it has occurred to me to discover crystals on slides
containing blood-discs which must have been formed at a considerable period
after the preparation of the specimen. The first instance was on a slide on
which were mounted blood-corpuscles of the soft-shell turtle, {Trionyx ferox).
Crystals were found on this, some months after it was prepared. On a previous
occasion, I mentioned this circumstance to the Department.

The discs in both cases were mounted dry, and covered with paper in the

1858.]

16 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMF OP [Biolog.

usual manner. They were obtained by the ordinary process. The slide?, pre-
Tiously to the mounting, were well washed in water, and subsequently in
tther, as were also their glass covers.

The crystals are in too small a quantity to definitely determine their nature,
but I presume them to be haematoidin. They approach somewhat in form to
a set of figures of this substance given by Funke, in his Atlas, but its crystal-
tine characters are so various, that it is difficult to establish its presence from
them alone.

It is probable that if the members would go over carefully with the micro-
scope, their specimens of blood-corpuscles, especially those of reptiles, they might
also meet with instances such as the foregoing, and that the cause of the for-
mation of blood-crystals at so advanced a period, after the mounting of the
corpuscles and their apparently thorough drying, might be thereby discovered.

The accompanying drawing was made by the Camera Lucida. The discs and
crystals are magnified 300 diameters.

Oct. 4th. The General Committee of the Department presented a partial report,
relating to its organization, in compliance with the regulation therefor, and the
preparation of a series of questions for investigation. The questions were re-
ferred again to the Committee, with directions to add to their number, and
report to a future meeting.

Oct. 18th. Dr. MoKRis exhibited a young Emys , having ahemial protrusion,
which appeared to be at the point of connection with the umbilical vesicle.
The most interesting feature of the specimen was its early stage of develop-
ment, illustrating the period of transition of cartilage into bone.

Dr. Woodward mentioned, that since the time of his remarks to the Depart-
ment in regard to pus-corpuscles, h.e had had no less th.an ten opportunities of
examining jjus imder somewliat similar circumstances to those then alluded
to ; the pus having found its way into urine, in which it remained for several
hours. He had, in all these instances, found that ononeside (seldom onhoth)
an elevation of the cell-wall took-place, which he referred to endosmose.

Dr. Leidt remarked, that these facts agreed with his own observations ; as
he had never recognized the adherence of the granules of the pus-corpuscle to
the cell-wall, and considered the diagnosis of the pus-corpuscle, based upon
this adherence, to fail altogether.

Drs. Woodward and Leidy further agreed in the view that no positive diag-
nostic exists between exudation-corpuscles and pus-corpuscles ; that proposed,
for example, in regard to the number of nuclei, being quite insufficient. Dr.
Woodward favored the opinion of Carl Wedl, that the pus-corpuscle is a
pathological deformation of the white corpuscle of the blood.

A discussion also took place in regard to the existence of mucus-corpuscles in
the mouth, &c.

Dr. Leidy considered these to be normally present in the fluids of the mouth,
as he had constantly found them in his own saliva, during perfect health.

Drs. Hammond, Mitchell and Morris adhered to the same conclusion. If the
saliva be collected in a test tube, and the mucus be allowed to separate from
the secretion of the true salivary glands, the mucus-corpuscles will be found
in abundance.

Dr. Atlee mentioned the statement of some observers, that they were
found in the saliva of domestic animals, but not in that of the wild.

Passing to the subject of cancer. Dr. Leidy alluded to some preparations
which he had seen in the valuable collection of Kiernan, in which the structure
of the tumor having been by a peculiar process removed from the vessels, the
latter, in many instances, presented a marked spj'raZ arrangement ; the cancers
having been obtained from aU parts of the body, and being of various magni-
tudes.

[Oct.

Depfc.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17

Dr. H. Haktshorne inquired wtiether the mode of separation might possibly
account for this appearance of the vessels ?

Dr. Woodward mentioned that the wood cuts in Carl Wedl's " Rudiments
of Pathological Histology" show a splendid arrangement of the vessels in a
number of new formations, cancerous and otherwise.

The Report of the General Committee was presented by its Recorder, Dr.
Walter F. Atlee, and adopted.

Tlie subjects recommended by the Committee for immediate investigation
are the following ;

1. The formation of fat in the bodies of animals, when fed only on food con-
taining no oleaginous matter.

2. The changes occurring in the excreta during fevers and inflammations.

3. The exact cause and nature ofthe rigor mortis.

4. The influence ofthe alkaloids, morphia, quinia, cinchonia and strychnia,
upon the metamorphosis of tissue.

5. The circumstances which determine the existence of sugar in the blood,
and which occasion its presence in the urine.

6. The physiological position ofthe blood-fibrin.

7. The elimination of ammonia from the lungs in health and disease.

8. The absorption of muscular fibre ; in which portion of the alimentary
canal is it eflfected ?

9. The statistics of height, weight, &c., of the human race in North America.

10. Tlie variations in the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, and their con-
nection with epidemics.

11. The influence of ingesta on the composition of milk.

12. The existence of an epithelium in the air-vesicles of the human lung.

13. The comparison of mucus, pus and exudation- corpuscles, &c., with each
other, and with the white corpuscles of the blood, and their relation to epithe-
lial structures.

14. The minute anatomy of nerves and nerve-centres.

Other subjects, which had been projjosed to the Committee, were also re-
ported as appropriate for future investigation.

A member of the Department was named in connection with each of the
above subjects, to act as Chairman or Director of a voluntary committee of
such members, or others, as may desire to take part in their investigation.

On the adoption of the Report, a brief discussion occurred, as to the pro-
priety of publishing the above list of subjects, in anticipation of the accom-
plishment of results. It being understood, however, that the object in view
was to invite and encourage joint labor, which, without some publicity, would
be impossible, authority was given for printing one hundred copies of the Re-
port for the use of the members.

Nov. 1st. Dr. J. J. Woodward read a paper entitled ' ' Remarks on a remark-
able form of the basic Phosphate of Ammonia and Magnesia occurring in the
urine of a patient suflTering under cancer of the bladder." The committee
on Organic Chemistry, to which this paper was referred, reported in favor of
its publication in a medical journal to be selected by the author.

Dr. Hamjiosd read the following paper :

On the Action of certain Vegetable Diuretics.

BY AVILLIAM A. HAMMOND, M. D.

AB.oistant Surgeon U. S. Army.

The ensuing investigations consist mainly of repetitions of those performed
some years since by Krahmer, and subsequently by Bird. They have reference
to the appreciation of the influence of squill, juniper, digitalis and colchicum.
over the quantity of the urine, its specific gravity and the amount of its solid

185S] ' da

18 rROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

')rganic aad inorganic constituents. They were all performed upon healthv
adult males.

The quantity of urioe was determined in cubic centimetres, and the weight
of the solids in grammes.

The method employed for the determination of the whole amount of solid
matter was as follows :

Ten cubic centimetres of the urine were evaporated to as complete dryness as
possible invaeuo over sulphuric acid, and the residue accurately weighed. By
simple proportion the amount of solids in the whole quantity of urine was
easily ascertained.

Although it is impossible to get rid of all the water by this process, the
quantity remaining is extremely small, and the results obtained are far more
accurate than those yielded by evaporating to dryness in the water bath as
generally practised. No matter how carefully this latter method is conducted,
the loss of urea by decomposition is always an importent item, and involves far
more serious errors than the imperfect desiccation by the former process.

For the determination of the amounts of organic and inorganic constituents
separately, the solid residue obtained as above was mixed with ten or fifteen
drops of moderately strong nitric acid, and gently heated till the mass was well
dried. The heat was then gradually raised till all the carbon was consumed,
and the mass in consequence became white. It was then cooled in vacuo oxer
sulphuric acid and weighed. The inorganic matter wns thus determined and
the loss showed the proportion of organic substance.

Digitalis. — The subject of the experiments with this substance, was about
twenty-five years of age and in good health. For the three days immediately
preceding the commencemerit of the investigations the average quantity of urine
daily excreted by him was 1474.5 cubic centimetres, the specific gravity was
1024.30, and the average total amount of solid matter was 75.31 grammes of
which 30.17 grammes were inorganic, and 45.14 organic constituents. The
digitalis was given in the form of the officinal tincture in doses of 20 minims
three times in 24 hours, and was continued for three consecutive days. During
this period the manner of living (food, drink, exercise, &c.,) was as nearly as
possible the same as during the preliminary investigations.

1st day. The urine passed on this day was of a pale straw color and feeble
acid reaction ; quantity 1950 cubic centimetres ; specific gravity 1013.25 ; total
solids 69.98 grammes, of which amount 31.27 were inorganic and 38.71 organic
matter. The action of the digitalis was not manifested otherwise than bj- its
effect upon the urine.

2nd day. The urine passed on this day was of similar physical character to
that above mentioned. The quantity was 1873.6 centimetres, the specific
gravity 1014.32, and the total solids 63.74 grammes. The inorganic solids
amounted to 30.15 grammes, and the organic to 33.49.

The pulse on this day was somewhat slower and fuller than on the previou.s
day.

3rd day. The quantity of urine evacuated on this day was 1624.9 cubic centi-
metres, and of specific gravity 1020.04. The total amount of solid matter was
«7.29 grammes, of which 33.19 were inorganic and 34.10 organic.

The color, reaction and odor of the urine were similar to those of the two
previous days.

The characteristic effects of the digitalis upon the action of the heart were
well marked during this day.

The effect of the digitalis in increasing the amount of urine is seen to have
been greatest on the first day. On the second day it had fallen somewhat, and
on the third was but 150 cubic centimetres greater than when no digitalis was
taken. The solids, it is seen, were less than the normal standard from the com-
mencement, were still further reduced on the second day, and on the third
were slightly increased. This diminution is psrceived to have been owing to
t!ie lessened amount of organic matter excreted. The inorganic substances
were somewhat increased in amount over the ordinary proportion.

[Nov.

Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 19

JoNiPER. — The experiments with this substance were conducted on ahealthj
man thirty-five years of age. The average condition of his urine for the three
days immediately preceding the investigations was as follows : quantity 1237.5
cubic centimetres, specific gravity 1022.50; total solids 61.23 grammes, of which
23.12 were inorganic and 38.11 organic matter. It was of ordinary color and
odor, and of strong acid reaction.

Sixteen ounces of the officinal infusion of the berries of the Junijjrrus commu-
nis were taken during the twenty-four hours, and the manner of living kept as
nearly as possible to correspond with that of the preliminary experiments.

1st day. For this day the quantity of urine amounted to 1732 cubic centi-
metres, the specific gravity of which was 1016.38; the total solids were 62.7ri
grammes ; of this amount 25.43 grammes were inorganic, and 37.32 organic
constituents.

The urine was of a pale straw color and gave off the characteristic odor pro-
duced by juniper. The reaction was feebly acid.

2d day. The quantity of urine passed on this day was 1885.2 cubic centime-
tres. The specific gravity was 1014.15, and the total solids 58.49 grammes,
22.17 of which were inorganic, and 36.22 organic matter. The physical cha-
racteristics were similar to those of the day before. The reaction was barely
acid.

3d day. Oa this day the quantity of urine was 1672.5 cubic centimetres, with
a specific gravity of 1018.41. The total solids amounted to 63.27 grammes, of
which 27.50 were inorganic and 35.73 organic matter. The physical charac-
teristics and reaction were the same as on the previous day.

From these experiments it is seen that whilst the quantity of urine was materi-
ally increased by the juniper, the amount of solid matter, as a whole, was but
slightly affected, the loss in organic matter being about compensated for by the
increase in the inorganic.

Squill. — The experiments with this substance were instituted upon myself,
and were conducted upon the same general principles as the foregoing series.
The average daily quantity of urine, for the three days preceding the investiga-
tions, was 1358 cubic centimetres. The specific gravity was 1023.51, and the
total solids 69.35 grammes ; of this amount 27.22 were inorganic and 42.13 or-
ganic matter.

I took two grains of the dried bulb of the Scilla mariiima three times in the
twenty-four hours. The other conditions remaining the same as in the prelimi-
nary examination of the urine.

1st day. The quantity of urine passed on this day was 1572 cubic centimetres
of 1020.34 specific gravity. The total solid matter was 60.07 grammes, 31.07
of this amount being inorganic and 29.60 organic constituents. The urine was
of feeble acid reaction.

2d day. Quantity of urine 1493.5 cubic centimetres, specific gravity 1020.90,
total solids 58.22 grammes, inorganic matter 30.15, organic 28.07 grammes.
The reaction, &c., were the same as on the preceding day.

3d day. On this day the quantity of urine amounted to 1535 cubic centime-
tres, and was of 1019.37 specific gravity. The total amount of solid matter
was 61.58 grammes, of which 30.58 were inorganic and 31.00 organic constitu-
ents. The reaction, color, &c., were unchanged.

From* the above experiments it is perceived that the action of the squill was
similar to that of the digitalis and juniper, i.e. causing an increase in the water
of the urine and inorganic solids, but a reduction of the amount of organic mat-
ter. The loss of organic matter was considerably greater than with either of
the other substances.

CoLCHicuM. — The investigations into the action of this substance were per-
formed upon a healthy man 28 years of age. The urine for the three days imme-
diately preceding the commencement of the experiments, was of the following
daily average character. Quantity 1230 cubic centimetres, specific gravity
1025.08; total solids 63.12 grammes, inorganic matter 29.83 and organic 33.2?.
The reaction was very strongly acid.

1858]

20

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

[Biolog.

One and a half drachms of the officinal tincture of the seeds of the Colchicum
autumnale were given three times in twenty- four hours, and continued for
three days. During this period the food, exercise, &c., were as nearly as possi-
ble the same as during the preliminary series.

Ist day. The quantity of urine passed on this day was 1595.7 cubic centime-
tres, with a specific gravity of 1024.37. The total solids amounted to 77.29
grammes, the inorganic matter of which was 36.50 grammes, and the organic
20.79 grammes. The reaction was stongly acid.

2d day. Quantity of urine 1484.1 cubic centimetres, specific gravity 1024.31;
total solids 75.22 grammes. The amount of inorganic matter was 35.01 gram-
mes, and of organic 40.21. The reaction was very strongly acid.

3d day. On this day the quantity of urine amounted to 1G20 cubic centime-
tres and was of 1022.06 specific gravity. The total amount of solid matter was
79.33 grammes, of which 34.20 were inorganic and 4-5.13 organic constituents.
Reaction strongly acid.

It is thus perceived that the action of the colchicum, as compared with that
of the other substances experimented with, was very remarkable, it being the
only oue with which there was an increase in the amount of solid matter elimi-
nated, both organic and inorganic.

From the foregoing experiments the following table embracing the averages of
each series of investigations is constructed.

Normal Standard.
Digitalis.

Normal Standard.
Juniper.

Normil Standard.
Squill.

Normal Standard,
(j'olchicnm.

Quantity
of Urine.

Specific
Gravity.

Total
Solids.

Inorganic

Solids.

Organic

Solids.

1474.5
1822.8

1024.30
1015.87

75.31
67.00

30.17
31.54

45.14
35.43

38.11
36.42

1237.5
1763.2

1022.50
1016.28

61.23
61.50

23.12
25.03

1358
1533.5

1023.51
1020.20

69.35
60.15

27.22
30.60

42.13
29.55

33.29
42.04

1280
1556.6

1025.08
1023.58

63.12
77.28

29.83
35.23

From the foregoing investigations, I think it is deducible that neither digitalis,
juniper or squill, increases the total amount of solid matter eliminated by the
kidneys, and that the organic matter is considerably reduced through their in-
fluence. Although they do increase the amount of inorganic matter removed
through the urine, yet as it is the organic matter which is generally considered
as contaminating the blood in disease, it is evident they exert no eifect what-
ever in depurating this fluid, but on the contrary are positively injurious.

The results obtained, in so far as the experiments with digitalis, squill or
juniper, are concerned, are similar to those obtained by Krahmer, but are mate-
rially different as regards the colchicum. For, although Krahmer found that
under the influence of this medicine there was an increase in the amount of
organic matter excreted, this was so small as to lead to the supposition that it
may have been accidental, and besides there was a reduction in the quantity of
inorganic substance removed. It is desirable, therefore, that we should have
further observations with this article.

The alterations in the Constitution, proposed by Dr. Hammond, were read for
the third time and adopted.
Article 1st of the Constitution, as so altered, will read as follows :

I. Every resident member shall pay an initiation fee of two dollars.
Article 2d, will read as follows :

II. No person shall be entitled to the privileges of resvh)it membership,
until he shall have paid the fee of initiation, &c.

[Nov.

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21

Drs. Addixell Hewson and Charles A. McCall were duly elected members
of the Department. ,

The Recorder having stated the necessity of his absence for several months,
the Department appointed Dr. Atlee recorder pro tempore.

Nov. 15th. Dr. Mitchell read the following paper :

On the Inhalation of Cinchonia, and its salts.

BY S. W. MITCHELL, M. D.

There can be very little doubt that at some future time we shall possess
the means of giving to patients many potent remedies in the form of inhala-
tion, rather than in the usual way. This is at least among the hopes of the
therapeutist of the present day. Absorption of medicinal substances by the
intestinal mucous surface is but too often uncertain, while the passage to the
blood through the lungs seems to be always an open track when the agent in-
haled is in a state of vapor. ITow desirable it would be to possess the means
of inhaling quinine in the congestive fevers of our malarious districts, we can
very well conceive. Guided by these ideas, I have sought industriously for
some means of attaining tliis result, and although I have failed, as I shall
here show, in evolving any very marked practical benefit from these researches,
I have met with certain facts of such interest that I desire to put them on
record as indicating a novel direction for medical thought and action.

At one time, the analogy in chemical composition, between certain of the
newly formed ethers and quinia itself, seemed to point out these as fit sub-
jects for therapeutic use and trial. The difficulty of procuring them, obliged me,
however, to relinquish effort in this direction, and I turned from them to exam-
ine anew the alkaloids derived from cinchona bark. While thus engaged, one of
my friends, now Dr. Bill, of the army, pointed otit to me in Fresenius's Che-
mistry, his account of cinchonia, which he describes as volatile at high tem-
peratures.

Struck with this, I searched carefully for any accounts of its inhalation, but
as yet have been unable to find in the books on Cinchona any description of
inhalation, as a mode of using the alkaloid in question. The last complete
work on quinia, by M. Briquet, enumerates many methods of employing the
alkaloids and bark, but neither among the means in use, or out of use, is this
one alluded to. Occasionally, in disease of the lungs or throat, inhalation of
pulverized cinchona bark has been resorted to, and M. Briquet relates, —
"Traite Therapeutique du Quinquina et de ses preparations," p. 118, — that
those who work in the storehouses of cinchona bark are sometimes thus cured
of malarious fevers. This could only occur through accidental ingestion, and'
inhalation of th« floating particles of bark.

Cinchonia and its salts are the only alkaloids which appear to be volatile
by heat. After many experiments, I have finally resorted to the following
very simple method of inhaling them : — About forty grains of pure cinchonia,
being mixed up with sand, are placed in a capsule, and heated by a spirit-
lamp. The sand is useful in diflfusing the heat, and preventing too rapid a
destruction of the alkaloid. A heat of about 300" melts the particles of cin--
chonia into a brown fluid, and from tliis, if the evaporation be carefully ma-
naged, the volatilized alkaloid escapes in the form of a gray vapor.

When a microscope glass is held over the capsule, and the heat is too ele-
vated, the cinchonia decomposes, and a dark red gummy-matter, with the
odor of burned benzoin, adheres to the glass. A rather lower temperature
drives oflF the cinchonia in a gray vapor, which may be made to redeposit the-
pure alkaloid upon the interior of a funnel held over it, or upon a microscope
slide. The alkaloid thus obtained is in branching needles.

On a number of occasions, I inhaled the vapors of cinchonia, often breath-
ing them for ten or twenty minutes, without much inconvenience, when care

1858.] 4a

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

was taken to regulate the supply of heat. The brown or reddish volatile sub-
stance which is given off when the heat used is too great, so irritates the
throat as to cause nausea, and oblige the patient to cease inhaling.

When carefully inhaled, a part of the alkaloid is deposited on the throat
and in the mouth, where its sub-bitter taste is soon perceived. To guard
against error, which might arise from swallowing these portions of the alka-
loid. I refrained from swallowing whilst inhaling, and frequently rinsed the
tliroat with water.

Upon four occasions, I noted the symptoms caused by the cinchonia thus
employed, taking care to allow the excitement of the system produced by the
inhalation to pass away before I counted the pulse. In three instances the
pulse /e/Z, losing from 6 to 10 beats per minute. In the fourth, the pulse re-
mained a few beats above the normal number. The person on whom these
experiments were made is liable to still greater depression of cardiac energy,
when under the influence of quinia. At first, it was difficult to separate the
ordinary signs of cinchonism, from the feelings of cerebral confusion, caused
by breathing too rapidly. These sensations, however, were evanescent. At
the end of a quarter of an hour, or even less, the head was clear, and within
half an hour afterwards the patient felt a qviickly increasing headache, with
giddiness, and sometimes a feeling as though the brain was swelling into
monstrous bulk. These sensations passed away within four or five hours, un-
less the inhalation was renewed.

Still uncertain as to whether or not the alkaloid entered the blood, I
caused a healthy adult, fet. twenty-nine years, to inhale the fumes from forty
grains of the heated cinchonia four times in one day. Symptoms of cincho-
nism were felt only after the first inhalation, which was made at 10 A. M.;
at 12 M. the second inhalation took place, and at the same time four ounces
of clear urine, s. g. 1023, were passed. The other inhalations occurred in
the afternoon and evening, but none other of the urine passed was saved,
until 7 A. M. next day.

The first specimen was examined by Bouchardat's test, the iodated iodide of
potassium. This reagent gave a faint but decisive brown precii^it ate of iodide
of cinchonia, when employed in the usual way ; when, however, I placed
in a test tube a portion of the test solution, and slowly poured upon it the
lighter wine, a profuse deposit of the iodide announced the presence of cin-
chonia in the urine. In the usual mode of making this test, — although the
precipitate is perceptible enough, — it almost immediately redissolves in the
urine, which appears to possess a remarkable power of dissolving the iodides of
cinchonia and quinia, since when these precipitates are thrown down from an
aqueous solution of a salt of either alkaloid, they are found to be very insolu-
ble. The second specimen of urine contained only traces of cinchonia, and
twenty-four hours after the last inhalation no evidence of the presence of the
alkaloid in the urine could in any way be obtained.

It will be readily seen from what I have said, that I do not anticipate any
remarkably valuable practical results from the new mode of administering
cinchonia, in vapor. The want of therapeutic power in this alkaloid, when
compared with quinia, — dose for dose, — the difficulty of regulating the heat
so as to volatilize, and yet not decompose it, as well as the unpleasantness of
the process of inhalation, combine to deprive these experiments of any great
practical utility. In a single case of tertian intermittent fever, I employed
the inhalation of cinchonia vapor. The patient had no new attack for one
month, although no other ulterior measures were employed. The case was a
very irregular and uncertain one, and I therefore attach but little faith to this
single therapeutic test. I should add that my patient complained a good deal
of the effect of the alkaloid upon his glottis and larynx. For a time it al-
tered the tones of his voice very considerably.

In two cases of chronic bronchitis, of long standing, I also used the fumes

[Dec.

Dept.]

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23

of cinclionia ; one of these dated Ms first improvement from the use of these
inhalatious, in which he persisted every other day, for more than two weeks ;
no other treatment was used until he had been much aided by the means
above described. He learned after a time to employ the cinclionia without
my aid. The other patient submitted to one inhalation, but declined any
further proceedings of a similar character, declaring, that the remedy was
worse than the disease, only shorter. When we are successful in volatilizing the
alkaloid without decomposition, the process of inhalation is not very disa-
greeable ; but when the heat is too high, and the cinchonia becomes altered,
it is extremely difficult to continue to breathe it.

The salts of cinchonia are also volatile by heat, but they offer no advan-
tages which do not equally belong to pure cin,chonia. Th« sulphate is quite
inadmissible for inhalation use, since sulphuretted gases are given olf in small
amounts when the heat is too elevated, and decomposition takes place.

Dr. Woodward read a paper entitled ' ' Remarks on the Anatomical Marks of
Cancer." The Standing Committee on Pathology, to which this paper was re-
ferred, reported in favor of its publication in a medical journal to be selected
by the author.*

Dr. Mitchell submitted a short preliminary report on the subject of the
changes undergone by the white race in America. The object of this report
was, principally, to suggest the proper manner of proceeding in this research.
A form of letters to be addressed to different eligible persons, for the purpose
of receiving their assistance in making this report, was communicated, with a
copy of the table they are desired to fill.

The Committee appointed at a former meeting to prepare a series of tables for
the Registration of Diseases, &c., to be used by members of the Department and
others, reported that they had performed their duty by adopting the tables
submitted to the State Medical Society by Dr. H. Hartshokne, and approved
by that Association. Owing to want of funds these tables never were pub-
lished. Mr. Price, of this city, is willing to issue these tables in book form
at his own expense, and to supply members and others at a slight cost.
They will be bound with his visiting list for physicians, and also issued separate-
ly. The Committee asked leave to print the approval of the Department,
with these tables, and in its name to recommend them to the profession.
This report was accepted, and the permission asked was granted.

Dr. Woodward submitted the following resolutions, which were adopted :

1. Resolved, That every author of a paper hereafter read before the Depart-
ment, not designed for publication in the Proceedings, shall at the time of
reading furnish a full abstract of the same to the Recorder, in order that it
may be laid before the Academy with the monthly report.

2. Resolved, That Committees having referred to them papers read before
the Department, accompanied with illustrations, shall be required to report to
the Department whether such illustrations are indispensably necessary for
the thorough elucidation of the subject considered; and when in their opinion
such a necessity exists, the entire cost of such cuts, engravings or lithographs
shall be borne by the Department, on a vote of the majority of the members
present at any stated meeting. Provided, that the author shall present at the
time an estimate of the cost of such illustrations.

Dec. 6fh. — Dr. Walter F. Atlee read the following communicatioa upoa
^' Relazaiion of the Abdominal Walls, as a cause of Jlcemorrhoids."

A cause of haemorrhoids, at least what we believe may be one, which has
been neglected by all writers with whom we are acquainted, is weakness or relaxa-
tion of the muscles of the anterior wall of the abdomen.

*See American Journal of Medical Sciences for January, 1859.

1858.]

24 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

la order to understand this it is necessary to reflect a little while apon
the peculiarities of the venous circulation in the portal system. From the
resistance the blood in the general circulation encounters in traversing the
capillaries, much of its moving force is lost, and to move regularly in the veins it
requires some assistance, that is obtained chiefly from muscular movements and
the aspiratory action of the movements of inspiration ; by neither of these is
the &'t'^ in the portal reins affected. Besides, the portal veins possess no valves,
and the blood contained therein is between two systems of capillaries, for these
veins act as arteries in the liver, and the blood passes through a capillary net-
work in that organ before it empties into the inferior vena cava. If in passing
through the general capilla.ry system, the blood loses nearly the whole of its
moving force, it is evident that the capillary system in the liver must act in
the same way, and with so much the more power, as that the tension of the
blood in the portal vein is already itself less than that in the arteries. Tu fact,
well-known experiments, as for instance those made when the blood of the liver
and that of the portal veins are collected for chemical examination, show that
the circulation in the vena portarunj is an entirely passive one, its current is di-
rected towards the liver only on the one condition that there is a force to push
it there, and this force comes from the abdominal walls, which, by pressing the
mass of the intestines, propel the blood contained therein. Causes that may
locally modify the circulation must, of course, act here with great efficacy, and
it is far from being a matter of surprise that the haemorrhoidal veins, those
most exposed, are often enlarged and diseased. Nature, as usual, has made
provision for their protection, and were it not for the relief afforded them by
the communications existing in the walls of the rectum between the inferior
mesenteric vein, and the middle and hemorrhoidal branchesof the hypogastric,
they would be still more often affected.

It is very hard to say how far the rapidity of the current of the blood in the
portal vein may be diminished, but one experiment is sufiBcient to show the in-
fluence, in this respect, of causes constantly occurring. The ferro-cyanuret of
potassium shows itself in the urine as soon as it reaches the general circula-
tion ; this salt, when given 24 minutes after a meal appeared in the urine at
the expiration of 16 minutes ; and when given 240 minutes after a meal, in 2
minutes. In fact when the fatal consequences of the sudden injection into the
general venous system of large quantities of even the most innocuous fluids is
considered, the necessity of the prevention of the sudden passage into the infe-
rior vena cava of the materials carried into the vena portarum, is at once ap-
parent. Most important chemical changes undoubtedly occur in the liver, but
it might be shown, we think, by reasons taken from numbers of facts in normal
and pathological anatomy, both human and comparative, as also in physiology,
that its action as a mechanical agent is most important. If a few ounces of water
suddenly thrown into the general circulation of a dog can produce death, what
would be the effect if, in man, the liver did not intervene between the inferior
Teaa cava, and a barrel of lager beer?

Now it being undoubtedly a fact that the pressure exerted by the abdom-
inal muscles upon the mass of intestines is the cause of the onward movement
of the blood in the portal veins towards the liver, any cause diminishing the
pressure, whether position of the body, or feebleness of the muscles themselves,
must lead to more or less stagnation of the blood, and consequently to hemor-
rhoidal affections. Tailors, shoemakers, dress-makers, and persons engaged in
writing, which forces them to lean forward over a desk, are particularly sub-
ject to haemorrhoids; and we would explain the well-known influence of seden-
tary occupations generally upon this affection more by their producing relaxa-
tion of the anterior abdominal walls, than by the deficiency of exercise and the
constipation attending them, though these must play their part also. An un-
doubted cause of an attack of haemorrhoids, and one not unfrequently witnessed,
is parturition. It is not very uncommon for the patient to suffer most severely

[Dec.

Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25

after the birth of the child, from the strangulation of a mass of baemorrhoidal
veins, that have been forced out with the first passages from the bowels, and the
cause of this phenomena we believe to be the relaxation of the abdominal walls
at that time existing. Many facts corroborative of this opinion could readily
be cited.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to the stomach of a mink (Mui-
tela vison), containing a large number of worms. The latter had caused much
thickening of the walla of the stomach, in which the anterior extremity of their
body deeply penetrated. The worm is a species, heretofore unnoticed, of the
genus Cheiracanthus. Its name and characters were given as follows :

Cheiracantbus socialis, Leidy. Body cylindrical, posteriorly obtuse ; anus
eubterminal. Integument transparent, with distinct circular muscles. Head
discrete, discoidal, furnished with transverse rows of recurved hooks. Mouth
bilabiate ; oesophagus clavate, red ; intestine dusky brown. Ovaries and ovi-
ducts, or testes and vasa deferentia, very tortuous and white. Anterior portion
of the body thickly covered with alternating transverse rows of minute plates,
of which those most anterior are tridentate, the succeeding ones bidentate, and
the last ones are simple and gradually become obsolete. Posterior extremity of
the male attenuated, spirally contorted, and ending in a horse-shoe-like border
with four red papillae on each side.

Length of female fifteen lines ; breadth three-fourths of a line ; length of male
twelve lines, breadth half a line.

Dr. Woodward stated that a portion of the stomach of the mink was submit-
ted to him for investigation by Dr. Leidy. The piece presented on the sur-
face of the mucous membrane several orifices about ^th of an inch in diame-
ter, which were surrounded by well-marked indurations of the size of a chest-
nut. On making sections of these indurations it was observed that the orifices
were the openings of canals penetrating from j to | of an inch into the tissue,
winding in various directions ; one orifice sometimes leading to several canals.

The canals were lined by a reddish pultaceous matter in which blood corpus-
cles in various stages of disintegration and numerous pus-corpuscles were
clearly made out. One or two bodies supposed to be ova were also perceived.

The induration was essentially a new formation of connective tissue in which
development had proceeded to the stage of nucleated caudate cells with ex-
tremities much prolonged. It involved the sub-mucous tissue and the superfi-
cial portion of the muscular coat.

It is presumed that the new formation is the result of the organization of an
inflammatory exudation, poured out as the consequence of the disturbance pro-
duced by the penetration of the worm into the tissue.

Dr. Mitchell exhibited an ingenious injecting pump, invented by Mr.
Frankli\ Peale, of this city. Its valves were in imitation of those iu the
Teins of the animal organism. He also exhibited a craniometer, graduated to
l-50th of an inch, and a spirometer, for measuring lung capacity, much su-
perior to the one ordinarily used.

While engaged recently, in preparing various instruments to be used in phy-
sical examinations of the height, weight, and pulmonary capacity of the men of
the police force of Philadelphia, Dr. M. was struck with the clumsiness, and,
in some instances, with the inefficiency of the ordinary spirometer. Its great
size and cumbrous form, the necessity of using many buckets of water to fill
it, and the expense of its construction, alike unfit it for common or ready
use.

With the aid of his friend, Mr. B. Phillips, and of Mr. Gratz, he has suc-
ceeded in arranging the ordinary " dry gas metre" so as to adapt it perfectly
to spirometric use. This beautiful metre is made in vast numbers by Messrs.
Code, Hopper & Co., of Philadelphia. It is unnecessary to explain the interior

1858.]

26 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

aiTangements, wliich, although complicated, are capable of accurately measur-
ing the cubic amount of the gases which pass through, and it is so little apt
to become deranged that it will often run for years without serious error. As
the works of the dry metre are made by machinery, and the number manu-
factured is enormous, the price is of necessity moderate, being from eight to
ten dollars, or less than one half of the cost of the worst spirometer, made
upon the ordinary plan, and many times less than that of the best of them.
This new form of spirometer runs with so little friction that a pressure of l-8th
of an inch of water will move it readily. One source of error is thus avoided,
since if the instrument was difficult to move, the air blown into it would be
more or less condensed, and so occupy less space than it ought to do.

The number of cubic inches passed through tliis instrument is marked by
hands upon a dial placed on top of the metre. After very careful testing, it
was found to give extremely accurate indications. The size of the new spi-
rometer is as follows : — Height 14 inches, width 11 inches. The inlet and
outlet pipes form convenient handles.

As the air from the lungs naturally deposits a certain amount of moisture
in the metre, its escape is provided for by an aperture at the bottom, usually
closed by a button.

The committee to which was referred the Preliminary Report of Dr. S. Wier
Mitchell, relative to the plan by which he purposes obtaining the statistics of
height, weight, &c., of the native born white race in North America, reported
that upon full and attentive consideration it was the opinion of the com-
mittee that the plan proposed by Dr. Mitchell, is such, that if followed out as
indicated by him, it cannot fail to lead to results of the highest importance,
not only in regard to the development and hygiene of the race in America, but
to the solution of certain questions relative to mankind at large, of equal if
not of greater consequence. The committee therefore suggested to the
Department as a whole, and also to the individual members, the importance of
affording to Dr. Mitchell, and to those gentlemen whom he may associate with
him in his inquiries, such assistance as may be in their power.

Thisjcommittee had also referred to it resolutions giving authority to Dr. M.
to use the name of the Department in his eiforts to obtain the information he
desires, and appropriating a sum not exceeding sixty dollars for the necessary
expenses of his investigations.

The first and second resolutions are so manifestly proper, that the committee
deemed it unnecessary to urge them further.

In relation to the third resolution, the committee desired to offer a few rea-
sons why it should be favorably considered and acted upon by the Depart-
ment.

In the first place the subject to which Dr. M.'s inquiries relate, is one assigned
to him in the report of the General Committee, and therefore not selected by
him for voluntary investigation. There is accordingly an obvious propriety,
aside from any other reason, in the Department defraying such necessary and
moderate expenses as may be incurred.

2d. In order to do full justice to the subject it is essential that numerous
circulars, blanks, &c., should be printed and distributed, and that occasionally
small sums of money should be given to persons who may have rendered valu-
able assistance. These are expenses probably not incidental to any other sub-
ject proposed by the General Committee, and it would be just as proper that
the Recorder should be at the expense of the blanks, circulars, &c., used by
him for the Department as that Dr. M. should furnish those required for the
performance of the duty assigned to him.

Such necessary apparatus as may be required should also be furnished by
the Department. This will of course remain the property of the Department,
and may be used in future researches.

[Dec.

Dept 3 NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 27

3d. In conclusion, tlie committee was of the opinion that in general no better
use can be made of the funds of the Department, than by employing them in
furtherance of such scientific investigations as come within its range of action.
It is desirable that this should from the first be made the settled principle of
the Depai'tment, and the committee believed that means will not be wanting
to carry it out.

The committee therefore recommended the adoption of 'the third resolution,
leaving it to the Department to decide whether the amount shall be raised by
subscription or appropriated directly from the treasiiry.

On motion of Dr. Hammond, the Department made the following resolu-
tions : —

Resolved, Tliat Dr. M. be appointed a committee of one on the subject of the
physical development of the native born white American race, with power to
add to the committee such persons as he may think proper.

Resolved, That said committee be authorized to make use of the name of the
Department in its inquiries.

Resolved, That said committee be authorized to draw upon the Treasurer for
such funds as may be required, not exceeding sixty dollars.

On motion of Dr. Hammond, it was resolved that a Committee be appointed
to solicit subscriptions, to be paid over to the Treasurer in aid of the investiga-
tion, in regard to the statistics of the human race in America.

Mr. FouLKE, a Member of the Committee on Dr. Hartshorne's paper on the
relations of Physiology to Palaeontology, stated that before the action of the
committee, the author was compelled to go to Europe for his health, and he
preferred to withdraw his paper. Mr. Foulke, therefore, at his request, asked
leave for the withdrawal of the paper, wliich was granted by the Depart-
ment.

Dr. E. Hartshorne presented a resolution, asking for the appointment of a
committtee, consisting of five persons, to devise and report upon a plan for
securing a wide circulation of the memoirs of tlie Department among medical
readers. The resolution was adopted, and a committee, consisting of Messrs.
E. Hartshorne, Hammond, Leidy, Mitchell and Atlee was appointed.

The following persons were chosen as the officers and members of the Stand-
ing Committees for the ensuing year :

Director. — Dr. Leidy.

Vice-Director. — Dr. Hammond.

Recorder. — Dr. Hartshorne.

Conservator. — Dr. Morris.

Treasurer. — Mr. Queen.

Auditors. — Mr. Slack, Mr. Sergeant and Dr. Wprtz.

Anatomy and Histology. — Drs. Leidv, Schmidt and Atlee.

Physiology. — Drs. Hammond, Mitchell and Morris.

Pathology and Pathological Anatomy. — Drs. Woodward, Moorehouse and
Baker.

Organic Chemistry. — Drs. Rand, Morris and "Wilcocks.

Micrology. — Drs. Boker, Woodavard and Mitchell.

Embryology. — Drs. Atlee, Corse and H. Hartshorne.

Etiology and Hygiene. — E. Harsthorne, H. Hartshorne and S. Powell.

Tlie Treasurer's Report was read, showing a balance on hand of $70 36.

December 20^A. Dr. S. W. Mitchell read a paper upon the effects of certain
substances upon the exposed hearts of animals, which was ordered to be published
in a medical journal. The following is an abstract of this paper :

1858.]

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog.

Dr. Mitchkll's experiments seem to him to justify the following conclu-
aions : —

1st. That the hearts of the frog and turtle beat much less rapidly in vacuo,
and sometimes cease to act until the air is readmitted. That the vacuum
most probably retards the heart's action by the mechanical effects it induces,
as well as by depriving it of oxygen, since the beat in vacuo is long and la-
bored, and the accelerating influence of the readmitted atmosphere is almost
instantaneous.

2d. That mere isolation from the air, as by placing the heart in oil, does
not alter the rate of the heart's movements for some time, but lessens their
ultimate duration.

3d. That water, at aerial temperatures, stimulates the heart, and very soon
causes it to cease to pulsate. That water at higher temperatures, as 100° P., —
113° F., produces much more rapidly the same results.

4th. That glycerine, at serial temperatures, affects the heart but little, except
as shortening the time during which it continues to pulsate. That glyceriHe
at 32^ F., depresses the heart's action, lessening the number of pulses per
minute at least one half, and soon checking its movements altogether. That
olive oil at 32S F., affected the heart very little at first, as to the number of
beats per minute, but soon rendered them feeble, and finally stopped them ;
though at the close of a longer interval than was required by glycerine at the
same temperature.*

5th. That when the heart has ceased to respond to one stimulus, however
violent, it will usually remain sensitive to others, apparently far less power-
ful.

Dr. Leidt exhibited specimens of true bone, found in the kidney of a mink.
It was situated in. the fibrous tissue of the organ, the glandular substance
of which was wasted away, its place being occupied by an enormous parasite,
the Strongylus gigas.

Dr. Woodward stated that he had found tubercular deposits upon the pleura
of an opossum, which had been kept in confinement in the Academy for
some time.

Dr. Haetshorne, from the Committee appointed to devise and report upon
a plan for securing a wide circulation of the Memoirs of the Department among
medical readers, reported certain resolutions, which were read for the first
time.

This Report was adopted.

A resolution was offered by Dr. Hartshorxb, providing for the appointment
of a Committee on Statistics, which was adopted.

The following persons were dulv elected members of the Biological Depart-
ment :—W. M. Uhler, M. D., Prof. J. H. B. McClellan, M. D., Prof. Joseph
Carson, M. D., Prof. J. Jones, M. D., Mr. Wm. S. Vaux, T. B. Wilsow, M. D.,
Prof. H. F. Campbell, M. D., and William Hunt, M. D.

* The glycerine was thinner than the English Glycerine, (Price's), now in use, and
altogether was a much less reliable article. For this reason I do not eniirely trust the
results observed when using glycerine.

[Dec.

Biological Deparbmetit

Biological DepartoeRt

Biological Departoeat

® ^ Q o ^^Ti

O ^

Hints to Craniographers.
BY J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D.

Everywhere Ethnology, the youngest and most ambitious of the sciences, is
at length beginning to receive that earnest attention which the grandeur, im-
portance and acknowledged complexity of its problems demand. Treated at
first as an eminently speculative and metaphysical study, it has come at length
to be considered as amenable chiefly, if not entirely, to the purely scientific
methods of research employed by the naturalist. Long ago, the Ethnology of
the so-called philosophical school was simply a meagre Anthropology, made up
almost wholly of certain national, psychologic phenomena of uncertain value
and unknown relations. In the metaphysical systems of this school physical
characters and the working formuliE of the naturalist found no place. But the
attempt to separate the phenomena of mind from the physical conditions with
which they are constantly associated in nature, proved as barren in results, as
it was irrational in conception.

Anterior to the time of Linnffius the philosophy of man was everything, the
science nothing. Of the latter, the great Swedish naturalist was himself the
founder and first exponent. After Linnreus, came Buffon, Daubenton, Camper,
Soemmering, Blumenbach, Zimmerman, and others, who, by regarding, and
therefore treating man, as falling legitimately within the scope of the zoological
method, attracted serious attention to the study of Anthropology as one of the
natural sciences. The labors of these savants formed the foundation of this
study, and gave it an impetus which is felt even at the present day. It must
be confessed, however, that since the days of Blumenbach, in whose hrtnds it
received its more exact and scientific form, the progress of the study has
been both slow and irregular; and the facts collected neither so extensive, nor
for the most part so thoroughly and satisfactorily established as could be
desired. Buffon, Cuvier, Lawrence, Peron, Kombst, Davis, Wilson and others,
have all, at different times, taken occasion to deplore and comment upon this
evident neglect of an important investigation.

Closely examined, the cause of this manifest neglect, and consequent slow pro-
gress of the Ethnological brancli of Anthropology, will be found to be two-fold,
in the first place and for a long time, the study of man was by many entirely
separated from that of the rest of creation. Barbangois, Marcel de Serres, Ray,
Brisson, Pennant, Vicq d'Azyr, and other naturalists following Aristotle, the
illustrious founder of philosophical natural history, have all in succession
ignored the physical character of man, by excluding him in their classifications
from the animal kingdom. Thus effectually isolated, he has been treated from
a mental point of view only, and his zoological affinities and analogies com-
pletely overlooked. Another class of observers, however, having a more com-
prehensive conception of nature, and the unity of design which pervades it,
have at length recognised the animality of man, and placed, him accordingly
among, and at the head, of the Mammalia.

In the second place, the study has thus far been one of divided effort, under-
taken by individuals who, at different times and in different places, widely
separated from each other, have worked at and attempted to solve with varying
success, each his own favorite problem, with little or no aid from, or corres-
pondence with others interested in, and studying the same specialty. In a
word, there has been little or no combination, or regularly systemized effort
among the students of Ethnology.

Attempts, it is true, have not been wanting to establish such combinations,
and appeals have been made to the scientific and general public, from time to
time, by enthusiastic archaeologists and ethnologists, in behalf cf some of the
objects of their respective sciences. As early as 1817, Dr. Hodgkin, in an Essay
on the Promotion of Civilization, pointed out the importance of preserving from
annihilation the uncivilized races of men, that their physical characters, tradi-
tions, &c., might be carefully studied. In 1837, an Aborigines Protection Society

was formed in England, for the purpose of collecting information " concerning
the character, habits and wants of the uncivilized tribes.'' But the benevolent
objects of the Society finally engrossed the attention of its members to the ex-
clusion of the ethnological. Two years later, Dr. Prichard, in the unwearied
pursuit of his favorite study, called the attention of the British Association, thea
in session at Birmingham, to the rapid manner in which certain varieties of the
human race were hastening on to extinction. He suggested to the Association
the importance of making some effort to rescue from utter oblivion, the many
historical, physiological and philological details, constituting, so to speak, the
biography of these decaying races. His interesting paper, read before the
Natural Historical Section of the Association, was, in fact, an appeal in behalf
of Ethnology. This appeal met with a lively response in the appointment of a
Committee to prepare a set of queries to be addressed to travellers and others
whose opportunities were such as to enable them to give satisfactory answers
to these queries. About the same time the Ethnographical Society of Paris,
published a similar set of questions for travellers. In 1842, Dr. King, of London,
urged upon the scientific public, the wants and interests of Ethnology, in a
prospectus issued July 20th, for the formation of an Ethnological Society. In
1844, after many of the barbarous races had disappeared forever from the face
of the earth, Drs. King and Hodgkin endeavored in conjunction, "to excite
sufiicient interest to command the necessary means for preserving a record of
the living, and of that which remains of the dead." (^Anniversary Address to
the Ethnological Society of London, 25th May, 1844.) In 1841 we find the late
Mr. Geo. R. Gliddon appealing to the Antiquaries of Europe in behalf of the
monurpents of Egypt, which at that time, to use his own language, " were dis-
appearing with frightful rapidity from the banks of the Nile." {Otia ^gyptiaca,
p. 7). In 1852, in a highly interesting pamphlet, entitled " Questions Relatives
d I' Ethnologic Ancienne de la France," read before the Society of Antiquaries of
that country, M. Alfred Maury pressed upon the attention of the correspondents
of the Society, the necessity of investigating, ere it was too late, the physiog-
nomical and national characters of the dissimilar races inhabiting the different
cantons of France; their costumes, usages, linguistic and cognominal peculiari-
ties, &c. Prichard long ago hoped that specimens of the craniology of Britain
would not be suffered to fall into decay. In 1855 Mr. A. H. Rhind, actuated
l)y the same feeling, sent forth a " vigorous appeal for the preservation of
the ' monuments of primeval Britain,' " which appeal has found a truly
scientific and valuable response in the Crania Britannica of Messrs. Davis and
Thurnam, who are successfully attempting " to rescue and perpetuate the
faithful lineaments of a sufiicient number of the skulls of the ancient races of
Britain, to preserve authentic data for the future." Davis strenuously urges
the importance of studying the diversified races of the British Islands " with
constant reference to their origin and history, and taking their cranial and
other physical properties as a basis."

The human skull is so positively distinctive of race, that it claims at the hands
of the student of Anthropology the most minute examination. The receptacle of
the brain, of the organs of the senses and the masticatory apparatus, it exhibits
race-characters more striking and distinguishing than those presented by any
other part of the bony system. The pelvis, perhaps, comes next to it in ethno-
graphic importance. The configuration of the skull influences to a considerable
extent the characters of the countenance and shape of the features. " Hence,
our zoological study of man," says Lawrence, writing in 1819, " will be greatly
assisted by carefully examining genuine specimens of the skulls of different
nations, which are easilyprepared and preserved, maybe conveniently handled
and surveyed, considered in various points of view and compared to each other."
Just twenty-one years afterwards, Wilde of Dublin wrote : " It is now uni-
versally admitted by the first authorities in this science, that to the form and
character of the head can we alone refer in order to determine the varieties of

man, either existing or extinct." {Narrative of a Voyage to Madeira, Teneriffe,
and along the shores of the Mediterranean. By R. W. Wilde, Dublin, 1840, vol. 2.)

Craniograpbj is in truth destined to constitute one, perhaps the most import-
ant of the corner stones upon which the great edifice of the Natural History of
Man is to be hereafter erected. To become a sure and solid foundation it must
be composed of numerous and well-established facts upon which the student
may unhesitatingly build up, until he can overlook and successfully grapple
with the higher problems of the science. Like its elder sisters Astronomy, Ge-
ology and Palaeontology ia former times, Ethnology is at present passing through
what Comte calls the metaphysical or speculative phase of its career. Obscure
writers and lecturers, impatient of that careful and laborious research which
leads to correct results, and unacquainted even with what has already been
done by Blumenbach, Retzius, Morton, Huschke, Davis, Virchow and others,
are daily bringing disrepute upon the whole study, by unwisely discussing
questions for the solution of which the data have not yet been developed. That
these controversialists of an hour may be silenced, and the science positively
advanced, every effort should be made to multiply and classify facts. But the
multiplication and classification of facts must in great measure keep pace with
and be dependent upon the establishment of cranial collections, which consti-
tute, so to speak, the store-houses of the raw material ready to be elaborated
into a science.

These collections and the important studies which they facilitate, are daily
attracting more and more the attention of scientific men both in Europe and
America ; and the conviction is constantly gathering strength, that the zealous
cultivation of Craniography is capable of yielding facts of the highest importance,
not only in a purely scientific, but also in a political point of view.

In the " summer of 1830, Dr. S. G. Morton delivered a lecture, introductory
to a course of anatomy, on the 'different forms of the skull, as exhibited in the
live races of men.' Strange to say, he could neither buy nor borrow a cranium
of each of these races ; and he finished his discourse without showing either the
Mongolian or Malay. Forcibly impressed with this great deficiency in a most
important branch of science, he at once resolved to make a collection for him-
self; and after a lapse of sixteen years, deposited in the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia a series embracing upwards of 700 human crania, and
an equal number of inferior animals." This collection, now in the possession
of the Academy, contains at the present time about 1100 crania, representing
more than 170 different races and tribes of the human family.

The establishment of this large and varied collection, and the important in-
vestigations to which it has given rise, have served to stimulate sensibly the
advance of Craniography in Europe. Some years ago, " the Emperor of Russia
was induced to found at St. Peteisburgh a national museum, exclusively dedi-
cated to craniolgy, to contain the skulls of all the ancient and modern races of
his vast dominions," (See Squiers' American Ethnology, p. 3). All over Europe,
Craniography is now being cultivated with considerable activity, and with
highly valuable results, by such men as Retzius. Nilsson and Eschricht of Scan-
dinavia, Gosse of Geneva, Dumoutier, Blanchard and Serres of France ; Engel,
Zeune, Carus, Virchow, Huschke, Lucae, Fitzinger and others of Germany ; and
by Davis, Thurnam, Williamson, Minchin and others in Great Britain.

Many cranial collections are to be found in Europe and America, differing in
the number and ethnic variety of their specimens. Precise information, how-
ever, as to their location, extent, variety and proprietorship is not easily obtain-
ed. From the writings of the craniographers above mentioned, and from my
correspondents — especially Dr. J. Barnard Davis, of Shelton, England — I have
become acquainted with a few of these collections. The largest and most di-
versified, as far as I know, is that contained in the Museum of the Army Medi-
cal Department, at Fort Pitt, Chatham, England. Of the existence of this col-
lection I was not aware, until a descriptive catalogue of it appeared in the
Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, for May and August, 1857. Through

the kindness of Dr. George Wiliiamson, the author, I hare since received a copy
of this catalogue, containing valuable photographs of many of the skulls.

The skulls embraced in the Chatham collection number about 600, and are
arranged in 4 classes; 1st, oval-shaped skulls, including Europeans, Egyptians,
Afghans, Hindoos, Singalese, Ne^v Zealanders, Otaheitans, &c. ; 2d, skulls with
projecting alveolar processes, or with the nasal bones in the same plane, com-
prising West African Negroes, Kaffirs, Hottentots, Bushmen, inhabitants of
Mozambique and Madagascar, and the black natives of Mauritius, New South
Wales and Van Diemen's-land ; 3d, skulls with very prominent superciliary
ridges, containing Sandwich Islanders, and 4th, skulls with broad and flat face,
including Burmese, Malays, Chinese, Eskimos and North American Indians
The collection appears to be quite diversified. It contains specimens of about
70 different tribes and nations. Among these are many not represented in the
Academy's collection : such as Albanians, Maltese, Spanish, Baluchi, Pariahs
and Singalese among the oval-headed; and Mandingos, JoloflFs, Timmanni,
Sossoos, Kassos, Hausas, Hanti, Attans or Oppas, Pappas or Mahals, Barconkas,
Ashantis and others of the prognathous African form.

Dr. Williamson's Catalogue is a very acceptable addition, not only to the
literature of Craniography, but also to the means by which this science might
be advanced. It contains short but important descriptions of 547 crania, and
7 skeletons of different races of men, with extensive measurements of the same.
The appendix embraces a number of anatomical measurements, estimates of
the internal capacity, and a valuable table showing the relative frequency with
which the ossa triquetra or Wormian bones appear in the occipital suture in
the different varieties of men ; the number of instances in which the sphenoid
is cut off from the parietal bone by a process of the temporal ; the number of
instances in which the lachrymal groove is formed entirely on the nasal process
of the superior maxillary bone ; the frequency of a suture in the centre of the
frontal bone ; and the size of the occipital foramen in the various races. The
author also calls attention to the difference in the form of the anterior nasal
openings in different classes of skulls, and illustrates his remarks with a num-
ber of outline engravings.

Of the present location and condition of the collections made by the earlier
craniologists — those industrious pioneers of the science — I know nothing.
Soemmering, writing in 1785, speaks of having examined the collections of
Camper at Klein-hankum ; of Hovius at Amsterdam ; of Walter at Berlin ; and
of Blumenbach at Guttingen, ( Ueber die Korperliche Verschiedenheit des Negers
vom EuroptierJ) In the course of my reading, I have often found allusion
to the cranial cabinets of Ran. (mentioned in Sandifort's Museum Anato-
micam,) Albinus, Gualtherus van Doevereu, Munro, Kokilansky of Vienna and
many others. Derwent Conway, in a work on Switzerland, published in 1830,
says that "at the site of the cemetery of Zug is a Golgotha, where are thou-
sands of skulls piled upon one another." Of Gall's famous collection, a cata-
logue, translated from the French of Dr. Dauncey, his pupil and friend, appeared
some years ago, in the 6th Vol. of the Edinburgh Phrenological Journal and Mis-
cellany. In 1824 or 5 Mad. Becker, the niece of Gall's first wife, presented a
portion of this collection tc Dr. Boulett of Baden, near Vienna. Vimont's col-
lection, in 1828, amounted to more than 1200 skulls and casts of man and ani-
mals. The celebrated Deville collection, at the Strand, in London, numbered
in 1830, more than 1800 casts and skulls. The Hunterian Museum, according
to Prof. Owen's Catalogue published in 1853, contains a number of human crania.
Judging from the numerous donations recorded, from time to time, in the different
volumes of the Edinburgh Phrenological Journal, the Museum of the Society
of that name must contain quite a large cranial collection. The collection of
the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland was catalogued b}- Prof. D. Wilson, while
acting as Secretary of that Society. Twenty-five years ago, when Phrenology
was exciting so much attention, numerous Phrenological Societies were founded
in various parts of Great Britain. Busts, casts and skulls of men and animals

were indusiriously collected and deposited in the Museums of these Societies.
But many of the latter having ceased to exist, after a few years of activity, it
is not now easy, though very desirable, to obtain any information concerning
the disposal made of their collections.

Cranial collections are also contained in the Cabinets and Museums of manj'
scientific associations, colleges, universities, &c., throughout Europe, such as
the Eoyal College of Surgeons, in London and Dublin, Guy's Hospital, the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society, the Bristol Infirmary, the Senckenberg Natural
History Society, the Josepheum in Vienna, the University of Dorpat, the
Fremley Museum at Utrecht, Rijks Museum and the Anatomical Cabinet at
Leyden, &c. &c.

In a letter dated Shelton, 25th Dec. 1857, my friend Mr. J. Barnard Davis in-
forms me that his private collection, at present, " exceeds 450 specimens." In
the Museum of Thos. Bateman, Esq., at Lomberdale House, Derbyshire, England,
are numerous ," skeletons, skulls, and separate bones, exhumed from tumuli
chiefly of the Celtic period in Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Yorkshire," amount-
ing at the time of the publication of his excellent antiquarian catalogue (1855)
to 224 specimens. Among other private collections may be mentioned those of
Setzius, Nilsson, Eschricht, Van der Hoeven, Thurnam, &c.

The Mortonian collection, in this Academy, is by far the largest and most diver-
sified in the United States, and, as far as I can learn, in the world. The Smith-
sonian Institution is in possession of several hundred crania, chiefly of Ameri-
can Indians. I have examined a few, also, in the Patent Ofiice in Washington.
Most of the cranial collections in this country are small and are principally
contained in the Museums of Scientific Associations, Medical Colleges, Phreno-
logical Societies, &c. In this citj- (Philadelphia) the Museum of the University of
Pennsylvania contains 169 skulls ; that of the Jeft'erson College 72 ; that of the
Pennsylvania College 125; and that of the Philadelphia College of Medicine 80.

In the Canadian Journal of Industry^ Science and Art for October, 1855, '■ spe-
cial directions were given with a view to the formation of a collection of An-
cient Crania, illustrative of Canadian Ethnology." In the same Journal for
November, 1856, the Editor Prof D. Wilson, re-produces some of these direc-
tions, in the hope of securing a more careful attention to the preservation of
the human remains and relics of art found in the ancient sepulchral deposits in
Canada. He appeals to the " members of the Canadian Institute, who are scat-
tered over nearly every district of the Province," to contribute their share to
the elucidation of Ethnological Science, by rescuing from destruction the re-
mains of the ancient and more recently displaced aborigines, and the specimens
of their rude arts, brought to light in the course of the agricultural, railway,
and other operations, which are extending into new districts, breaking up virgin
soil, and leading to extensive excavations in regions hitherto untouched by the
spade or plough.

From a later number of this Journal (November, 1857) it appears that in
Canada there are several small collections of human crania contained in the
Museums of the Canadian Institute, the Toronto University, Trinity and Knox's
Colleges, and in the private cabinets of Prof. Wilson, and Drs. Hodder and
Bovell, of Toronto, and the Rev. Jno. Gray, of Orillia.

Now, from the foregoing remarks, the members of the Academy will perceive
that, to the student of craniology, catalogues of all such collections, whether
large or small — especially if they be descriptive — are of very considerable
value. They make known to him the existence of other collections besides his
own, and inform him what races and tribes of men are represented therein,
or in other words, precisely how much and what available material has been
collected for the furtherance of his scientific specialty. He may be desirous
of studying the cranial characters of a particular race, of which the specimens
in the only collection to which he has access are few in number or of doubtful
origin. Having exact catalogues of the various cranial collections which have
been made, from time to time, and deposited in different parts of the world, he

6

turns to these and at once learns how many specimens of this race, besides his
own, have been collected and where they are located. He at once opens a
correspondence with the proprietors of these collections, and is soon put in
possession of any information which he may desire.

Moreover, these catalogues would form an admirable basis for the interchange
of duplicate crania, for the owners of them would know exactly where to apply
to make up their deficiencies. The correspondence, also, to which the inter-
change of catalogues and duplicate crania would give rise, would of itself
greatly facilitate the progress of Craniography, by making the students of this
science acquainted with each other, and enabling them by a private interchange
of opinions to verify their conclusions or examine them in different points of
view before publication. There can hardly be a doubt that the different col-
lections would be respectively increased by the extensive distribution of such
catalogues in the hands of army, navy, and other government officials, officers
of merchantmen, travellers, naturalists connected with exploring expeditions,
and others whose opportunities might be favorable to making such collections,
and who would cheerfully do so were their attention once explicitly directed
to this matter.

Again, it appears to me that the progress of craniography might be very
much and very readily facilitated by some such plan or system of co-operation
as the following. Let all those actually engaged or interested in the study, in
any particular country, notify the secretary, or appropriate officer, of the most
prominent and best known scientific institution in that country, of the existence
and precise location of any collection of crania with which they may be ac-
quainted, no matter how small or imperfect such a collection may be, stating
carefully the name and address of the Society or individual owning the collec-
tion, the number of skulls contained, and the different races of men represented
therein. Let the secretary or other officer receiving such communications
cause them to be published from time to time in the printed journal, transactions
or proceedings of the Society. These being sent in exchange or otherwise, to
scientific associations and individuals in other countries, would thus become
the vehicle for the transmission of this information to the craniographers of the
latter places.

The editors of scientific, medical and literary magazines, journals, reviews,
Ac, have it in their power greatly to promote craniographic science by insert-
ing in their pages from time to time, and thus disseminating the information
obtained in the manner indicated above. This statement particularly applies
to medical Journals, inasmuch as most of those cultivating Craniography are
physicians, not a few of whom are in the active public or private practice of
their profession.

These crude suggestions are offered to the Academy in the hope that, being
distributed with its Proceedings, they may attract the attention and active sap-
port of those who are interested in, and who are able and willing to advance so
important a branch of the Science of Man.

0

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