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LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

Loaned by American Museum of Natural History

■

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PROCEEDINGS

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(i (UB

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

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PHILADELPHIA

1865.

PHIL A DELPHI A :

PRINTED FOR THE ACADKMT

1865.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS,

With references to the several Articles contributed by each.

Allen, Dr. Harrison. On a New Genus of Vespertilionidae 173

Carpenter, P. P. Diagnoses Specierum et Varietatum novarum Molusco-
rum, prope Sinum Pugetianum a Kennerlio Doctore, nuper decesso,

collectorum 54

Cassin, John. Notes on some new and little known Rapacious Birds 2

An examination of the Birds of the Genus Chrysomitris, in the Museum

of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.... 89

On some Conirostral Birds from Costa Rica, in the Collection of the

Smithsonian Institution 169

Conrad, T. A. Observations on the Eocene Lignite Formation of the

United States 70

Catalogue of the Eocene Annulata, Foraminifera, Echinodermata and

Cirripedia of the United States 73

Descriptions of new species of Echinidae 75

Observation on American Fossils, with descriptions of new species 184

Cooper, Dr. J. G. On a new Cormorant from the Farallone Islands,

California 5

Cope, E. D. Partial Catalogue of Cold-blooded Vertebrata of Michigan.

Part 2 78

Oa Amphibamus grandiceps, a new Batrachian from the Coal Measures 134

Note on a species of Whale caught in the River Delaware 168

Note on a species of Hunchback Whale 178

Third Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America 185

Contribution to a knowledge of the Delphinidas 198

Second Contribution to a History of the Delphinidae 278

Gill, Theo. Synopsis of the Genus Pornoxy's, Raf. 6&

On the Genus Caulolatilus 66

On the Cranial Characteristics of Gadus proximus, Grd., 69

Note on several Genera of Cyprinoids 69

On a new Genus of Serraniate 104

On a new Generic Type of Sharks 177

On two new species of Delphinidse, from California, in the Smithsonian

Institution 177

IV. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

Gunther, Alb. Some remarks on Labrus pulcher (Ayres) 77

Helmutb, C. A. New species of Mordellidee collected in Illinois 96

Lawrence, Geo. N. Descriptions of new species of Birds of the Families
Paridae, Vireonidas, Tyrannidae and Trochilidae, with notes on

Myiarchus Panamensis , 37

Descriptions of four new species of Birds from the Isthmus of Panama,

New Granada 106

Lea, Isaac, Descriptions of Three New Species of Exotic Uniones 75

Descriptions of Eight New Species of Unio of the United States 88

Le Conte, Dr. J. L. Note on the Species of Myodites, Latr., inhabiting the

UnitedStates 96

Notes on the Species of Harpalus inhabiting America north of Mexico... 98
On the Species of Galeruca and allied Genera inhabiting North America, 204
Prodromus of a Monograph of the Species of the Tribe Anobiinii of the

Family Ptinidae, inhabiting North America 222

Lewis, Dr. F. W. On Extreme and Exceptional Variations of Diatoms, in

some White Mountain localities 7

Meek, F. B., and A. H. Worthen. Notice of some New Types of Organic

Remains, from the Coal Measures of Illinois. 41

Remarks on the Genus Taxocrinus (Phillips) McCoy, 1844; and its rela-
tions to Forbesiocrinus, Koninck and Le Hon, 1854, with descrip-
tions of New Species 138

Descriptions of New Species of Crinoidea, &c, from the Palaeozoic Rocks

of Illinois and some of the adjoining States 143

Descriptions of New Crinoidea, &c, from the Carboniferous Rocks of

Illinois and some of the adjoining States 155

Note on the Genus Gilbertsocrinus, Phillips, by F. B. Meek... 166

Contributions to the Palaeontology of Illinois and other Western States, 245
Observations on the Microscopic Shell Structure of Spirifcr cuspidatus,

Sowerby, and some similar American Forms, by F. B. Meek 275

Tryon, Geo. W. Synonomy of the Species of Strepomatidae, a Family of

Fluviatile Mollusca inhabiting North America. Part 4 19

Winchell, Alex. Descriptions of New Species of Fossils, from the Marshall
Group of Michigan, and its supposed Equivalents in other States ;
with Notes on some Fossils of the same Age previously described, 109

Wood, Dr. H. C. New Polyzonidas * 172

Worthen, A. H. See Meek.

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OP

PHILADELPHIA

1865.

January 3d.
Mr. Joseph Jeanes in the Chair.

•

Thirteen members present.

The following paper was presented for publication and referred to a
committee :

" On extreme and exceptional variations of species of Diatomacese.
etc." By F. W. Lewis, M. D.

January 10th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Twelve members present.

January 17 th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Fifteen members present.

The following paper was presented and referred to a committee :
" Eemarks on the genera Semicossyphus and Trochocopus." By Dr.
A. Giinther.

January 24th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Ten members present.

The following paper was presented and referred to a committee :

" Synopsis of the Strepomatidae, &c, Part IV." By George W.
Tryon, Jr.

The Secretary announced the recent death of Dr. R. M. S. Jackson,
late a Correspondent of this Academy.

1865.] 1

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

January 31st.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair,
members present.

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

Notes on some new and little known Eapacions BIRDS.
BY JOHN CASSIN.

1. Polyborus Audubosii, nobis.

Polyborus vulgaris (Vieill.), Aud., Orn. Biog., ii. p. 350 (1834).
Polyborus brasiliensis (Gm.), Aud., B. of Am., Oct. ed. i. p. 21 (1840).
Polyborus tharus (Mol.), Cass., B. of Cal. and Texas, i. p. 113.
Aud., B. of Am., pi. 161 ; Oct. ed., i. pi. 4.

Back and rump brownish black in all ages and stages of plumage, (not
transversely banded as in P. tharus.) Under tail coverts white, nearly pure,
or with a few indistinct traces of dark transverse bands on the longer fea-
thers. In all other respects very similar to P. tharus of Chili and other coun-
tries on the Pacific coast of South America. In P. tharus the back and rump
are transversely banded with brownish black and white, in all ages, and the
under tail coverts are white, with well defined transverse narrow bands of
dark brown. In size, the present bird seems to be rather the larger.

The specimen now described is Mr. Audubon's type from Florida, presented
by him to this Academy, and is very accurately given in the plates above
cited, the upper figures in which represent the black upper parts as above
described. In his descriptions, he says " cere carmine" which color is also
given in his plates ; but in the South American species, seen in abundance
in Patagonia by Dr. Charles Pickering, during the voyage of the United
States Exploring Expedition in the Vincennes and Peacock, that distin-
guished naturalist says explicitly, " The skin about the bill has not the bright
red color as given in Mr. Audubon's figure from a Florida specimen." (Mamm.
and Orn. U. S. Expl. Exp., p. 100.) This difference in the color of the cere
may be characteristic, though more probably, in my opinion, it is dependent
on season only, the brighter or red color being that accompanying the more
mature or nuptial plumage, which is the case in the Rasorial or Gallinaceous
birds, and analogous groups throughout the circle of Birds. Numerous spe-
cimens of this species, from Texas and Mexico, are in the collection of the
Smithsonian Institution.

2. SriLORNis Bacha, (Daudin.)

Falco Bacha, Baud., Traite" d'Orn., ii. p. 43 (1800).

Spilornis Bacha, (Daud.) Cass., Proc. Acad. Philada., 1859, p. 31.

Le Vaill., Ois. d'Afr., i. pi. 5.

In a Catalogue of birds collected by Mr. DuChaillu in the countries on the
Gamma and Ogobai Rivers, Western Africa, printed in the Proceedings of the
Academy, as above cited, I applied the name Spilornis Bacha to a species, one
specimen of which was in that collection and is now in the Academy Museum.
This specimen is evidently that of a young bird bearing little resemblance in
colors to the adult, and I have seen no other of the same species from West-
ern Africa. In the statement in the Catalogue alluded to, that this species is
"quite identical with the Bacha of Southern Africa, of which a very com-
plete series is in the Academy Museum," I may have been mistaken in relying
on such specimens as being from that continent. I do not know, however,
ihat such is certainly the case ; the specimen now before me from Western
Africa so nearly resembling other young birds in the Academy Museum, un-

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 6

■doubtedly the species usually regarded as S. Bacha, and variously labelled as
Asiatic and African, that I am not quite sure that Bacha is not an African
species, whatever else may have been advanced in any other behalf.

There are in the Academy Museum, several specimens of the bird usually
regarded as F. bacha, which have been labelled in Europe as from South
Africa. If I committed an error, it was not because I relied on those la-
bels, of the authority of which I know nothing, nor can now discover any-
thing, but that I took them only as confirmatory of an impression that F.
bacha was an African as well as Asiatic species. If in error, I was directly
misled by the statement of that great naturalist, Temminck, in PI. Col., i.
liv. iv., to this effect : " La Buse bacha, Falco bacha, des catalogues me'tho-
diques, est re"pandue non-seulement dans l'Afrique m6ridionale, mais on la
trouve aussi dans l'lndie, a Java et a Sumatra." Statements of a similar
import I have seen elsewhere. It is, of course, possible, that Temminck
and others may have relied solely on Le Vaillant without other information.

But, notwithstanding the impeachment of the veracity of Le Vaillant, and
the opinions on that point that have, in some instances, been freely ex-
pressed, and seem to be rather fashionable, I shall not admit, I beg to say,
either that Spilornis Bacha is not an African bird, or that Le Vaillant's ac-
count of the species to which he applied the name Bacha is not reliable,
without further occasion. Those opinions I do by no means participate in
nor approve, and instances of the expression of such have occurred, which
present themselves to me in no other aspect than that of unqualified imper-
tinence, and as demonstrative not only of deficient information on the part
of the writers, but of a disposition to seek a short and easy road to notoriety
by rude assaults on the reputation of a great practical, and most useful natu-
ralist, whose only faults were an enthusiastic devotion to Natural History,
and failure to elicit the appreciation of men of dissimilar temperament and
greater stolidity of ambition. The fair fame of Le Vaillant has passed the
ordeal of one-half century productive of great naturalists, and its impeach-
ment will not, I suspect, blazon the reputation of any one likely to be such
in the present cycle of similar period ! ,

There are now before me, a series of fourteen specimens of the bird pur-
porting to be F. Bacha, from the Academy Museum, about half of which are
in various stages of young plumage, and of the whole of which scarcely
any two are precisely alike in colors. One stage of young plumage is un-
doubtedly that given by Temminck, under the name liFalco albidas, Cuv.," in
PI. Col., 19. As stated above, a few of these specimens have been labelled
in Europe as coming from " South Africa," of the validity of which
locality I know nothing. Other specimens are undoubtedly Asiatic, and,
though differing from each other in some particulars of character, and, per-
haps, representing several supposed species, they are all probably to be re-
garded as that entitled to the name Spilornis cheela, (Daudin). Several
specimens so nearly resemble Temminck's figure of F. albidus, above cited,
that they cannot be mistaken for any other species. I do not clearly recog-
nise the nearly allied species, though they may be quite valid, especially F.
bido, Horsfield.

Le Vaillant's figure of " Le Bacha," Ois. d'Afr., i. pi. 15, does assuredly
bear a strong resemblance to the Asiatic bird, and I am not prepared to deny
that it represents either an Indian or Malayan species ; but it is also a fact,
that the young bird from Mr. DuChaillu's collection bears a most unmistake-
able resemblance to young birds, undoubtedly Asiatic, in the Academy Mu-
seum. On inspection and comparison of any of the Asiatic with the African
specimen, few naturalists would hesitate in pronouncing them identical, and
the conclusion is most directly indicated that, if this African specimen is not
of the same species as the Asiatic specimens, it is of a very nearly allied
species. I regard it as possible, that Le Vaillant may have given a figure
1865.]

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

from an Indian or Malayan specimen, under the full and honest conviction
that it was exactly the bird seen by him in the mountains of the Great Nama-
quois, — a description of error (if it is such) in which he is by no means
singular. One of the most eminent ornithologists of our own times is stated
to have given figures of a species of Loxia from American specimens, in his
Splendid work, " The Birds of Europe," — and if so, entirely justifiably, the
European and American species never having then been suspected of being
different species.

The specimen now before me, from Western Africa, I regard as proving
conclusively that a species, at least nearly allied to Spilornis ckeela and 8. bido,
inhabits Africa, and I have no doubt that this species was seen and described
by Le Vaillant with entire truthfulness. He may not have figured a specimen
obtained by himself, but even on this point there is only hypothetical conjec-
ture, not evidence. The bird described by him is, moreover, entitled to the
name Falco Bacha; an appellation given by Daudin, as cited above, entirely
on the faith of the description in Oiseaux d;Afrique. No Indian nor Malayan
species is fairly entitled to this appellation, though it has been applied to
both, with observations thereon not quite warranted by the facts. Various,
not remotely allied, forms have recently been discovered in Africa, (Circaetus
zonurus, fasciolatus, and others.) and my opinion is, that the adult of this
species of Le Vaillant will yet be forthcoming.

3. Haliaetus Blagrus, (Daudin).

Falco blagrus, Daud., Traite d'Orn., ii. p. 70, (1800).

Le Vaill., Ois. d'Afr., i. pi. 5.

In the Catalogue of Mr. DuChaillu's collection in the Camma and Ogobai
country, above alluded to, I gave this name to a specimen of a young bird
which I regarded as identical with others in the Academy Museum. On re-
examination of this specimen, I am inclined to doubt its identity with any
species known to me, though it is in plumage not sufficiently mature to com-
pare satisfactorily or to determine from my present materials. It is so much
smaller than the young H. vocifer that I cannot believe it identical, though
bearing some resemblan»e to the youngest specimen of that species (H. voci-
fer) in the Academy Museum. The feet, especially, are disproportionately
smaller and weaker. In the Haliaeti of North America, there is a very con-
siderable diversity of size, but never so great in the same species, to my
knowledge, as in the specimens here mentioned.

Though, perhaps, too young to present even structural characters in a re-
liable degree, the present specimen seems to show relations to the Asiatic
group of which H. leucog aster is a well known species, and of which Mr.
Blyth and Dr. Jerdon give the name Falco blagrus, Daudin, as a synonyme.
Without being able, at present, to assent to this disposition of F. blagrus, I
regard the views of those excellent naturalists as at least an important ap-
proximation to its relationship, but am disposed also to suspect that my
specimen may be the young of a species the adult plumage of which remains
to be discovered. I regard it as undoubtedly the young of the Blagre of Le
Vaillant, as above cited, the credibility of whose narrative in relation to which
I do not doubt in any particular. The relative size of the feet in this species
and in H. vocifer may readily be seen in plates 4 and 5 of that author's Oise-
aux d'Afrique.

4. Limnaetus akricanus, nobis.

Belongs to the same group as L. cirrhatus (= Falco limnaetus, Horsf.) and L.
Kieneri, and bears a general resemblance to both of those species, and is
about the same size. Upper parts black, under parts white.

General form very strong ; bill rather short, fully curved ; edge of upper
mandible lobed ; wing moderate, fourth and fifth quills longest, and nearly
equal; tail rather long ; tarsi thick, and densely feathered to the toes, the bases

[Jan.

\

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 5

of which are also feathered ; toes and claws very strong. Entire upper parts
brownish black ; plumage of the back and neck behind white at base ; rump
and upper tail coverts with concealed large spots of white ; quills brownish
black on their outer surface, with a few transverse bands of a darker shade
of the same color, and with a large space on their inner webs white ; under
surface of quills white, with about three transverse bands of black. Entire
under parts white ; flanks, under tail coverts and tibial plumes externally
with large spots of brownish black ; tail on its upper surface dark ashy
brown, with about five wide transverse bands of brownish black, and nar-
rowly tipped with white, on its under surface ashy white, with a few trans-
verse bauds of black. Under wing, coverts white, with large spots of black ;
tarsi white ; cere and toes yellow; bill dark bluish brown. Axillary feathers
brownish black, the black spots on the under wing coverts unitedly form a
large space of that color on the under surface of the wing. Total length
about 22 inches; wing 14; tail 9^; tarsus 2| ; bill, from corner of mouth
direct to tip of upper mandible, 1£ inches.

Ilab. — Ogobai River, a tributary of the Camma River, Western Africa.

Spec, in Acad. Mus., from Mr. DuChaillu's collection.

Two specimens of this Hawk-Eagle are in the collection from the Camma
River, above mentioned, and appear to represent a species hitherto unknown,
probably generically different from any other of Western Africa. Though,
in my opinion, properly to be included in the group Limnaetus, this bird is
more strongly organized than either L. niveus, cirrhatus, Kienerii, or other of
the Asiatic species that have come under my notice, and more decidedly
aquiline in some points of character. The tirsi are very thick and densely
covered, much more so than in either of the species just mentioned, and
quite as much so as in the larger Aquilse, or as in the Owls of the genus
Bubo. The bill also is strong and fully curved. No crest is apparent in
either specimen, though there is, perhaps, a slight elongation of the
occipital feathers.

5. Otus stygius, (Wagler.)

Ni/ctalops stygius, Wagl., Isis, 1832, p. 1221.

Archives du Mus., Paris, 1844, pi. 24.

Several specimens of this little known species have been received at the
Smithsonian Institution in the valuable collections presented by Mr. Sarto-
rius, and obtained hy him at Mirador, near Vera Cruz, Mexico. All of them
correspond with the descriptions of both Wagler and Pucheran, though
darker than the figure given by the latter, as above cited.

On anew CORMORANT from the Farallone Islands, California.

BY J. G. COOPER, M. D.

Gkaculus Bairdii, Gruber, MSS. The White-patch Cormorant.
? Graculus leuconotus, Audubon.

Specific Characters. — Male in spring. Head and neck changeable violet and
purple with green reflections ; body dark green. Back and wings greenish
purple, the quills brownish towards their ends and beneath. Flanks with a
large while patch on each side about equal in size to the bird's foot, mostly
concealed by the wings when folded. Tail like the wings. Head with a crest
of narrow loose feathers about an inch long, arising on the middle of ver-
tex above the eyes ; another similar crest arising just behind the occiput,
rather longer. Bill very slender, subquadrangular, strongly and abruptly
hooked. Length 27 inches ; extent 40.00, wing 10-75 ; tail 7, bill along ridge
1*90, along gape 3'00, its height and width at base each about 0-50 inch ;
tarsus 1"50 ; outer toe and claw 3-76 ; inner do. 1-30; second and third quills
about equal, longest ; half an inch longer than secondaries and an inch

1865.]

0 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

longer than tertiaries. Iris green, bill horn-black ; feet pure black. Gular
sac black, with red marks (shrinking and looking dull red when dry). A nar-
row patch of skin around eye, extending as far back as that around angle of
mouth and gular sac. A sharp angle covered with feathers extends on middle
line of throat, a little further forward than eyes. Forehead feathered down
to bill, leaving only a narrow loral space bare.

This species is closely related to the G. violaceus of the Oregon and Wash-
ington coasts, and replaces it as on the coast of upper and lower California.
According to Mr. James Hepburn, it differs in a much more slender bill and
other points of structure, as well as in the presence of the conspicuous white
patches on the flanks.

In 1834 Mr. J. K. Townsend saw "at Cape Disappointment ten Cormorants,
one with a white tail, the others with a white rump," which, without further
description, Mr. Audubon called Phalacrocorax leucurus and P. leuconotus.
It is quite possible that Townsend might have referred to P. bairdii, in his
notes as above quoted, but as neither attribute applies to the present species
the names would be inadmissible, even if accompanied by a diagnosis. I
myself saw what I believed to be this species at the mouth of the Columbia
River, in July, 1854, but could not obtain specimens. Mr. F. Gruber, of this
city, was the first to secure specimens of the species and distribute them as
P. bairdii, (named after Prof. S. F. Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution) and
informs me that the species was published under that name in Germany, al-
though I have not been able to find it, and think it is possible that it may still
be a manuscript communication. It is with great pleasure that I append the
following note on this species :

Note on Graculus Bairdii, the White patched Cormorant of the Farrallone

Islands, California, by James Hepburn, San Francisco.

(From a letter addressed to the Smithsonian Institution, dated Dec. 30tb, 1862.

"While at Barclay Sound, I noticed that there appeared to be a Cormorant
there about the size of the one from the Farallones — but without any white
spot. I could only get one of them, and that on the last day I was out. On
examining it, I found that it was of the same size as the other, but it had an
orange gular pouch, as described by Audubon, whereas the other, as I have
already insisted, has a dusky pouch, with numerous bright red papillae, much
too striking a point to be overlooked by any one who sees the bird while in the
flesh. Another difference is that the irides of the former are brown, those of
the latter sea-green. The plumage too is dissimilar in color, though both of
them might fairly be called violet green. In the Farallones' bird, however,
the green greatly predominates, in the other the violet. With respect to the
white spot, I have seen the bird with it as early as February, and as late as
the middle of July, at which time it showed no signs of disappearing, though
the G. dilophus had months previously lost its crests. I have never been
able to see the bird in autumn, which I am very anxious to do. If, as I
think, it then appears with the white patch, the question of its being the
breeding plumage is disposed of. At any rate the birds in Barclay Sound had
no patch at the end of March. The only remaining conjecture is that one may
be the young of the other ; and this I find is Dr. Suckley's idea, who appears
to have remarked both kinds at Cape Disappointment. To this I object that
I do not know of the patchless bird having been noticed in California, and I
am very certain that I saw none with a patch about Vancouver Island. As to
their frequenting Cape Disappointment, that would only prove that to be
the boundary line of their respective habitats. I am aware that it is danger-
ous work to build speculations as I am doing, on a single specimen ; but I
shall do my best to find out where the northern bird breeds, and to obtain a
sitting bird with its eggs ; and then should the differences be equally marked
at that period, if there is any such thing as species, the two birds must, I
think, be pronounced distinct."

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. i

On extreme and exceptional variation of DIATOMS, in some White Mountain

localities, &c.

BY F. W. LEWIS, M. D.

In my notice of some new and singular intermediate forms of Diatomaceie
from the Saco headwaters, in the Proceedings of the Academy for December.
1863, I advanced a theory based ou the comparative absence of Synedra and
Nitzschia in the sub-peat of this country, that these curious species were trans-
ilionary or comprehensive types conducting from Surirella and allied genera, to-
wards the more modern Synedra and Nitzschia ; and that their continuance as
living organisms probably depended on exceptional conditions of soil and
water, more or less limited in their influence, peculiar to the Saco and similar
localities.

Since the publication of that paper I have received from my friend, Mr. C.
Stodder, of Boston, a very interesting lot of slides containing all of these
anomalous species, prepared by himself and Mr. R. C. Greenleaf, of Boston,
from gatherings at various points along the White Mountain range.

His localities are as follows :

(1.) " Brook near the Flume," (Franconia Notch) — thirty miles from the
Saco pond, and near the western outlet of the valley; contains Surirella
Baileyi, S. intermedia, Actinella punctata, Eunotia incisa.

(2.) " Lafayette Mountain Lake," not many miles distant from the preceding-
This lake is at a considerable elevation ; a still sheet of water ; contains Su-
rirella intermedia, Actinella punctata, Eunotia incisa, Synedra hemicyclus.

(3.) "Brook near Bethlehem," on the S. E. side of the Crawford Notch
(Saco) about 15 miles distant, also in the valley ; contains Surirella intermedia,
S. anceps, S. delicatissima, S. Baileyi, Synedra hemicyclus.

(4.) " Maurans Lake," on the Cannon Mountain, near Franconia; contains
Surirella Baileyi, S. anceps, S. delicatissima, Actinella punctata, Synedra hemicyclus.

Of this locality Mr. S. writes, " This Lake is on the Cannon Mountain at a
high level rarely visited by travellers. The gathering is surface water."

(5.) " Bemis Pond," not many miles from the Saco spring, is a small Lake.
The gathering, according to Mr. S., is " a peculiar sub-aqueous deposit" form-
ing the bottom of the pond, " about six feet thick, and composed of nearly pure
diatoms." The contained species are Surirella Baileyi, S. intermedia, S. anceps,
Eunotia incisa.

Mr. Stodder adds, " that in his opinion the only explanation of the origin
of this and other similar deposits is afforded on the supposition that these
diatoms were originally carried out into the still waters of the lake by small
streams, and there deposited," an explanation not altogether satisfactory, as
most of the species are still-water forms : Navicula rhomboides, N. firma, N.
major, Eunotia robicsta," §c, usually found in ponds and boggy pools.

Similar deposits, not containing any of the transitionary species, occur at
other localities in New England. One of the most remarkable, ten feet in
thickness, is at Randolph, Massachusetts, another at Bristol, N. H.

Mr. S. thinks, also, that these beds have been deposited at varying periods
since the glacial period.

(6.) "Echo Lake" (Franconia Notch,) a remarkably beautiful pond lying
in. the very gorge of the Notch ; contains Surirella intermedia, Synedra hemicy-
clus, Eunotia incisa, and curious varieties of Navicula serians and Odontidium
tabellaria, hereafter to be noticed.

(7.) " Gibbs Falls," a short distance from the Saco springs to the west,
contains Surirella intermedia, S. delicatissima, Actinella punctata, Eunotia incisa,
along with recent species.

(8.) " Milldam at Gorham," on the Glen side of Mount Washington, con-

1865.]

8 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

tains Surirella intermedia, S. anceps, S. delicatissima, Eunotia incisa, §c, along
with recent species.

These localities are all within the range of glacial influence.

After a careful examination of the slides, prepared from gatherings from
these localities, I have been struck not only by a general correspondence in
their species and varieties to those of the Saco and Wolfboro muds, but also
by their unlikeness to species and varieties outside the White Mountain tract.
In speaking of the Saco and Wolfboro species I alluded to their general re-
semblance to those of the sub-peat and peat deposits ; the same remark of
course holds good in reference to Mr. Stodder's localities. I will here simply
confine myself to the statement of this general resemblance which further on
will be illustrated by a table of species.

There is one point, however, relating to the curious tendency to variation,
usually on a definite direction, apparent in many of these localities in com-
mon with post-tertiary deposits in other northern sections of this country,
which requires ft passing notice.

This tendency, which for convenience I shall call metamorphic, seems to co-
incide with the abundant introduction of certain genera in new localities. It
is marked by a singular relaxation of the laws governing what I have before
termed the non-essential characters of genus ; in other words, while respecting
the more fixed and positive generic characters (essential,) as alee, canaliculi,
median lines, nodules, §c, it would seem to exhaust its influence on the more
general and unimportant ones, as size, outline, striation, &c, common to all
diatoms (non-essential.)

Besides the intermediate or comprehensive type already spoken of, there would
appear to result from this metamorphic tendency a subjective variation in many
co-existing genera whether allied or not to the incoming one. This variation,
which is not always special in its direction towards any type or genus, affects
principally the size, form, valvular outline and striation of many species,
manifesting itself oftenest in a disposition to assume an undulate, crenulate,
apiculate or even cruciform shape ; more rarely to lose these characters. It
would seem to originate in a superabundance of the sporangial element, and
frequently begets irregular, abnormal or unsymmetrical forms, according to
the more or less spasmodic or intermittent action of the disturbing force. I
may add that, in accordance with a well known law, most of these so formed
varieties, where involving alteration of generic characters, as Surirella interme-
dia, S. anceps, &c, or where irregular and unsymmetrical, as Actinella, either
rapidly disappear by a process of degeneration (visible in S. intermedia,) or
revert to the normal type, while the extreme varieties, not implicating generic
character, on the other hand may often become more or less permanent, as in
Navicula Jirma, N. rhomboides, N. serians, and others.

To render more intelligible what I have tried to explain above, I shall now
notice a few of the most remarkable varieties contained in the Saco spring,
Wolfboro, and Mr. Stodder's localities.

(1.) " Navicula sekians" (Kutz.) " V. acute ; transverse stria? faint, 60 in
•100; longitudinal distinct, 36 in -100 :" frustules often cohering: Length
•0017" "to -0035"," (Smith.)

(2.) Var. a {apiculate.) V. varying from lanceolate elliptic to rhomboid,
with apices more or less produced and capitate (fig. 5a, pi. ii.)

(3.) Var. b (cruciform.)— N.follis, (Ehr.) =N. inflata, (Ehr.) ? "V. much
inflated, compressed, sloping abruptly towards the produced and often trun-
cate apices ; extreme variety cruciform," (fig. bb, pi. ii.)

Var. a. (apiculate) about two-thirds, and Var. b. (cruciform) less than one-
half the length of the typical form.

Striation in both varieties beyond a certain distortion on the latter variety
precisely resembling that of the typical form.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9

My attention was attracted long since, by the singular likeness, in striation,
median nodule, and general character, of Navicula serians to N. follis, (Ehr.),
a form not uncommon in northern post glacial deposits.

Ehrenberg's loose figures of the latter (Ar. follis), give so many varieties of
outline, and his description is so vague, that in time it seems to have become
confounded by the English writers, with Navicula' inflat a, a species having no
analogies to it beyond a slight resemblance in outline.

Indeed it is probable, that Ehrenberg himself, owing to the use of im-
perfect microscopes may have been led to associate these two very distinct
species, and in distributing specimens may thus have originated the mistake.

However this may be, it is evident that in describing the form called N.
follis, in the Bridgewater peat, (Mass.,) he did mean the one figured as var. b.
[cruciform), of N. serians, fig. 5 6. pi. ii.*

The general resemblance in character, however, would not have sufficed
to prove the specific identity of these two forms, viz. N. serians and its var.
b. cruciform, — had it not been for the discovery of a second variety which
bridges over the interspace — that figured as N. serians, var. a. fig. 5, a. pi. ii.
This variety occurs in two of the White Mountain localities, Bemis Lake, and
Echo Lake, along with the typical form and the cruciform, var. b, a strong
corroborative evidence beside that afforded by numerous intermediate vari-
eties of a common derivation.

As this is a fact which, if recognized, involves a most important point in
its bearing on the laws which determine species, I have drawn with utmost
care (fig. 5, a. b. pi. ii.) the valves of what appear to be average specimens
of these two varieties. The Bemis Lake' slides of Mr. Samuels, now very
difficult to obtain, are very carefully mounted, and afford beautiful illustra-
tions of these forms, — as well as of Stauroneis Stodderii, n. sp. (Greenleaf,) (fig.
6, pi. ii.) The material is quite scarce at the present time, although it could
no doubt readily be procured from the original locality.

(1). "Navicula firma" (Kutz). — Large, turgid, oblong, lanceolate, with
obtuse, cuneate ends, thick borders, and large median nodule ; striae wanting,
or obscure."

(2). "Varieties." — (a), linear oblong, (Navicula iridis.) p. pointed elliptic,
(2V. dilatatd). y. cuneate (N. amphigomphus.)

(3). " Secondary or metamorphic varieties." S. triundulate, (not the same as
N. Ilitchcockii). i produced (iV. producta. 2V. affinis). £. apiculate. (iV. amphirynchus).

The specific identity of N. iridis, N. dilatata, N. amphigomphus, and perhaps
one or two other reputed species has, I believe, been generally suspected, if
not recognized. Certainly, it would be difficult for any one carefully studying
the Northern deposits of this country, whether recent or fossil, to resist the
conviction, that they really have a common origin. With regard, however,
to some of those I have termed secondary or metamorphic, their common deriva-
tion from N. firma is not so obvious. I believe them, notwithstanding, to be
all varieties of that species, a conclusion I have arrived at, after a careful
comparison of gatherings from numerous localities. As, however, a conclusion
so formed may be regarded as more a matter of prepossession than admitting of
proof, I shall not undertake to illustrate it by elaborate descriptions of these
varieties ; but this much may be said, that what has hitherto kept apart many of
the best known of them, is simply difference in valvular outline and number of
striae. If, hereafter, my view with regard to the unimportance and mutability
of these characters be proved correct, the union of some, if not all these
reputed species will probably be necessary.

Taking all the enumerated varieties, there appear to be certain general

(*I am the more certain of this, from my friend Prof. H. L Smith, of Kenyon College, 0., haTing
recently written to me, calling attention to this very fact.)

1865.]

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

points of resemblance between them. These are — (1). " The large open median
nodular space."

(2). The infra-marginal, dark, and more or less broken line or lines, with separa-
tion and distortion on the peculiar wavy longitudinal striation at that point."

(3). " The sharp, clear, parallel, transverse strirn.

This last character seems to me, to afford a valuable clue for determining the
primary or secondary nature of any undulate or apiculate form. As a general
rule, it will be found, I think, that parallel transverse strice, coinciding with
an undulate margin, imply a secondary or metamorphic action on a species
whose original outline was smooth; while on the other hand, a radiant trans-
verse striation, or, rather, one constantly perpendicular to the marginal line, indi-
cates that an undulate outline mprimary. Thus, e.^.the triundulate oatline of Na-
vicula Hilchcockii, concurring with & parallel, transverse, striation, is most likely,
secondary ; also the crenulate dorsum of Himantidium undulation (extreme
variety). While the large and showy Navicula Sillimanornum, (fig. 8, pi. ii.)
ought by the same rule to possess & primary outline, although much exagger-
ated and intensified. In the apiculate forms, the metamorphic force being
operative over but a small terminal portion of the valvular margin, renders
the rule less valuable.

Although liable to many exceptions, this rule may be sufficiently general
to possess a practical value, when taken in connection with other means of
proof.

I cannot leave these varieties of N. firma, without adverting to the species
known as 2V. Hilchcockii, which has been regarded by some, as a variety of
the former species. There is a triundulate variety of iV. firma approaching
very near to it in size and outline, but differing essentially in the median
line, which in N. Hilchcockii is remarkable as having on either side a double
line, nearly parallel to its course throughout. That it is of the habit of iV.
firma, however, can hardly be questioned; and although not clearly traceable
to that species, may it not, perhaps, be a compound variety, resulting from
the conjugation of species reputed distinct, but in reality, only so sporangially ?

I take occasion here to quote some very interesting remarks of Professor
H. L. Smith, who has long been studying the habits of living dialomacex, and
whose observations bearing on this and other points in that connection, will,
I trust, shortly be made public. In a recent letter to me, speaking on this
very subject of extreme variation, he says : " The variety of 2V. firma 9 like iV.
Hilchcockii, somewhat, on one of the slides you recently sent me (Saco River,)
is curious ; but if you will examine the Bridgewater deposit, I think you will
see something about N. follis of Ehr., that makes one almost say it is only a
variety of N. serians. The departure is greater, even as to form alone, than
that of the specimen of N. firma ? like Hilchcockii is from the type of that
species." — He adds; " when I find N. amphirhynchus conjugating and pro-
ducing N. firma, Stauroneis gracilis producing St. phenic enter on, and Surirella
splendida, S. nobilis, quite different in form and striation, I cannot but doubt
the propriety of making a new species out of every different shape and
marking."

The views of Prof. Smith here expressed, cannot fail to awaken a lively
interest in all who desire to have light thrown upon this perplexing question,
and it is earnestly to be hoped, that the matured result of his investigations
will not long be delayed.

Navicula rhomboides is, with one or two exceptions, of all northern species
the most common and widely distributed. It offers a broad range of form
and outline. Like N. firma, it has its elliptic, produced and apiculate forms.
I may preface what I have to say of this species, by remarking that it is, in
my opinion, impossible to determine on any positive characters, which shall
distinguish it from N. crassinervia. The small apiculate variety which I have

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 11

been accustomed to regard as that species, clearly runs into the typical iV.
rhomboides, of which it is most probably a colletonemoid (sporangial) offset.

Two of the numerous varieties of this species, seem to be permanently
distinct — more so, in fact, than in most permanent varieties — although con-
nected by intermediate forms with the ordinary type.

iV. rhomboides, (Ehr.) V. nearly quadrangular, striae, faint, parallel 85 in.
•001". Length -0022", to 0037". (Smith).

Sporangial Varieties, (1). (a). " Frustule large, V. rhomboid to lanceolate —
median line double, presenting at the terminal nodules a peculiar arrangement,
somewhat similar to the " porte crayon" of Dr. Greville, as it exists in If.
Lewisiana — only much less obvious." (pi. ii., fig. 11).

The transverse striae in this form, are about, 60 in -001", "the longitudinal,
about, 45 in -001"." Length variable.

Hab. — In nearly all fossil and recent northern deposits.

(2). (b). N. diaphana? (Ehr.) V. lanceolate— extremities slightly pro-
duced— obtuse, median line thicker than in var. a, terminating in obtuse,
rounded, nodular expansions rarely attenuated laterally — striae transverse ,
about 50 a 55 in -00 L". Longitudinal, coarser and more wavy than in var. a,
more or less indistinct for some distance round the central nodule.

Hab. — Bemis Lake, abundant, Saco pond, Wolfboro, and other New Eng-
land deposits. It is not so common as var. a. (pi. ii., fig, 10).

The former of these, is probably the ordinary sporangial variety of iV.
rhomboides ; the latter, I have found more rarely in gatherings along the Saco
Valley, and — I think, elsewhere in New England — I have been struck with
the rarity of both these varieties, particularly, of var. b. on foreign slides.*

Var. a, sometimes approaches var. b in outline ; but I have never seen the
latter of a quadrangular or rhomboid shape. Occasionally the terminal
nodule undergoes a trifling modification, becoming slightly indented at the
rounded corners. This may, perhaps, be a compound variety.

Figured at pi. ii., fig. 21, is what I believe to be N. Carassius, (Ehr)., (iV.
cocconeiformis, (Smith). (Gregory's new British sp. Mic. Jour. vol. iv. pi. L,
fig. 22). This is a rare American species, usually fossil. The strias are very
hard to resolve. Some of the varieties of this diatom, suggest an affinity to
2V. rhomboides ; but not sufficiently marked to warrant notice.

" Navicula Sillimanorum," (Ehr.) An exaggerated variety of this species, I
have figured, (pi. ii., fig 8). I nave found it only in the Wolfboro mud. The
typical form of Ehrenberg, occurs in some of the N. Hampshire deposits. It
is a singularly compact and beautiful diatom — more nearly allied to N.
nobilis, than to N. tabellaria — as is shown by the relations of the striae to the
marginal line, "which according to the rule before mentioned, indicate the in-
tensification of a, primary undulate outline.

Navicula gastrum, (Ehr.)? fig. 17, pi. ii). Rare in the Wolfboro mud. I
have not come across it elsewhere. The striation is more or less irregularly
punctate around the median nodule, and along the median line, as in N.
granulata. (Bailey). The striae are radiant — otherwise, it might be set down
as a degenerate variety of N. firma.

11 Naviccla placenta," Ehr. fig. 4, pi. ii. — N. apiculata, Greg. (Mic. Jour., vol.
iv., pi. L, fig. 13) — N. rostellum. (Smith). This little species is ventricose or
elliptic, with a nipple-like projection, at each apex. It corresponds per-
fectly in outline, with Dr. Gregory's figure; but the striation is so peculiar in
its arrangement, that I have thought it best to figure the valve. The stria;
are of two kinds. (1). transverse, sharp, radiant, close. (2). obliquely curved

(*Tlie slides coming from abroad, labelled "Amician test," are, I believe, prepared from
material obtained from this country.)

1865.]

12

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

in both directions towards the median line, crossing as in Hyalodiscus subtilis.
(Bailey). — coarser than the transverse. These characters are constant in all
the specimens I have of this species, from this and other localities.— Wolf-
boro, N. H., Duck creek, Del. river.

Stauroneis. This genus is very abundantly represented, particularly in
the Wolfboro mud. It is common in all post tertiary deposits, and presents
a bewildering looseness of character.

I have long tried to understand the meaning of S. Baileyi, (Ehr.) and its
varieties. Some time ago, I came to the conclusion, that the one having the
quadrangular shape and terminal inflexion of St. acuta was a sporangial
var. of that species; and that the other (Pteroidea) bore the same relation
to St. phenicenteron. This belief has recently been shaken, by my finding the
latter variety (Pteroidea) in the " Nova Scotia" deposit, with a very strongly
marked terminal inflexion, and the other characters of size, striation, and
outline, so variable as to compel the conclusion, that they are both inter-
changeable varieties of a common species — possibly St. phenicenteron.

A very interesting study of these forms is afforded, by the Nova Scotia,
Blue Hill pond, (Me.) and, in fact, by nearly all the northern deposits, recent
and fossil.

Stauroneis legumen, (Ehr.) The aberrant variety, (pi. ii., fig. 14), will
show the range of outline in this species. Frustules of this shape occur
sparingly in the Wolfboro mud, along with the ordinary form.

Stauroneis amphicephala, (Kutz.) This species I notice, to direct atten-
tion to the figure of S. anceps in Prof. Smith's "Synopsis," which, in all re-
spects, answers to the description and figure of Kutziug's (Bacillarien, p. 105,
pi. 30, fig. 25). S. amphicephala. S. anceps, (Ehr.), is subcapitate with truncate
apices, S. amphicephala, capitate with rounded ends. Very likely, these two
species are identical. The mere length or relations of the stauros to the
margin not constituting a valid reason for keeping them apart.

I cannot close what I have to say about Stauroneis and its varieties, without
alluding to a stauroneiform tendency which seems to prevail in certain locali-
ties. This is marked in the Wolfboro, where seven species of Stauroneis co-
exist with a number of stauroneiform varieties of Navicula.

I now pass on to notice some varieties of —

Himantidium and Eonotia. I have before spoken of the prevalence of these
genera in the Saco and cotemporarj' deposits, and likewise of the remarkable
subordination of their specific character to the mctamorphic force, as exempli-
fied in Himantidium pectinate , and H. arcus, Eunotia robusta and E. incisa. I now
give a few illustrations of the most common of these metamorphic varieties, (pi.
ii., fig. 12, 13, etc.) which strongly corroborate the view entertained by the
late Prof. W. Smith, of the probable common derivation of many of the known
British species of Himantidium, from two types ; viz. : II. pectinate and H. arcus.
(vide Synopsis, vol. ii., p. 11).

Of these varieties, pi. ii., fig. 13a, represents a common sporangial form of
Himantidium undulation. It will be seen that the dorsum is already hollowed
out as a preliminary step towards another common variety (sporangial) of
the same diatom* of which variety I have figured only the extreme and last

stage, at pi. ii., fig. b. This last, represents quite nearly two conjoined frus-
tules of H. undulalum (type), as does the intermediate variety, two of H.
pectinate.

Whether or no these remarkable sporangial frustules ever undergo trans-

*(Those slides prepared by Mr. Samuels, of Boston, labelled Himantidium undulatum, afford a
very fine illustration of this variety, which is abundant in fresh water streams throughout Massa-
chusetts)

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

13

verge division, I am unable to say from actual observation ; but their ap-
pearance is certainly suggestive of that phenomenon. I ought to add, that
the secondary gibbosities on the ventral aspect of var. b., are rarely as well
marked as shown in the figure (13 b. pi. ii).

Of Eunotia incisa, pi. ii., fig. 12a., represents an extreme variety. The ex-
traordinary attenuation of the valve well illustrates the synedroid bias, no-
ticeable in the Saco, and, to a lesser degree, in the Wolfboro muds.

The inflexion peculiar to the terminal portion of the valve in these bacillar
varieties of E. incisa, often nearly reaches the dorsum. On the other hand,
an opposite variety of E. incisa occurs, which is nearly as broad as long.*

Eunotia camelusl (fig. 126. pi. ii.) is probably allied to E. incisa. Some of
the frustules are long and narrow, with hardly any perceptible undulation.
= Eu. impressa, (Ehr.), occurs sparsely at Wolfboro and Bemis Lake.

Eunotia bactriana, (Ehr.), (fig. 16, pi. ii.) is quite common. There appears
to be considerable range of variation in this species.

Eunotia pentaglyphis, (Ehr.), as figured (fig. 4, pi. ii.) is also a changeable
form. It is widely distributed in the post-tertiary deposits, and has all the
characters of a metamorphic variety of Eu. robusta.

Odontidium tabellaria, (Smith) = Dimereyramma tabellaria, (Ralfs.) I
have retained this name, as that by which this diatom is best known. The
two varieties figured in Smith's British Diatomaceae, and which may, for
convenience, be termed primary and secondary, seem to be peculiarly obnoxious
to the metamorphic force. Figs. 1 and 2, pi. ii., represent a series of elongated
varieties from the Saco river, (Synedroid). Of these, two are specially notice-
able, 2b, and 2d. The first of these has strong marginal puncta ; (Nitzschoid ?)
while the second exemplifies the same suggestive principle of symmetrical
variation seen in Himantidium undulatum, fig. 13, var. b. pi. ii.

The punctate tendency, which is quite exceptional, manifesting itself only
on a few frustules, is to a lesser degree observable in Tabellaria, in the same
deposit.

There remain to be considered, one or two forms in these deposits, which
are not clearly traceable to any known species.

(1). Navicula (stauroneiform) n. sp. ? (pi. ii. fig. 9). F. V. not ascertained.
V. lanceolate, gradually attenuated towards the capitate or sub-capitate ex-
tremities. Striae sub-marginal, interrupted for a considerable space oppo-
site the central nodule.

Hob. — Wolfboro. Common. (Fig. 9, pi. ii.)

This little form I have not named, as it may possibly prove a stauroneiform
variety of some known species. This stauroneiform habit is very obvious in
the Wolfboro varieties ; as is the synedroid, in the Saco.

(2). Stauroneis Stodderii, n. sp. (Greenleaf), pi. ii. fig. 6.) F. V.
Linear, with slightly rounded ends ; connecting membrane slight and fragile.
V. elliptic lanceolate, with more or less produced and slender extremities.
Stauros linear, reaching the margin. Strive (longitudinal) parallel, sharp and
clear. Variable in number. Stria (transverse), radiant, distinct, about 55 in
•001. Length variable.

Hab. of St. phenkenteron and St. amphicephala. Bemis Lake, Wolfboro, Gor-
ham pond.

This beautiful species was first made known to me by Mr. Stodder, who had
it from Mr. R. C. Greenleaf, of Boston, who names it St. Stodderii, in com-
pliment to the former observer. He has permitted me to describe it.

*(Eunotia nodosa. Var. Himantidium pectinate? in the Bemis Lake, presents a remarkable
variety, analogous to the above in proportions. It is also nearly as broad as long, and slightly
constricted.)

1865.]

14 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

The valves which are singularly light and graceful, the linear striation giving
the surface much the aspect of a scale of Lepisma, are rarely found united by
the connecting membrane. Mr. Greenleaf communicates the following facts,
with relation to this diatom; " The longitudinal lines are parallel throughout,
gradually fading away, so that they are not seen near the apices ; they are
faintly visible with careful illumination and focussing over the stauros ;
margin beaded." I have not been able to verify Mr. G.'s observations. It
seems to me, that the longitudinal striae are internal, and underlie the stauros,
and that they are traceable up to the apex, in that limited number of parallel
stria; which the narrow area of the extremity can accommodate. The beaded
marginal appearance, is probably due to the effect produced by the inflexion
of the striae. Mr. Stodder believes the longitudinal striae to be corrugations
of the internal membrane, designed io strengthen the valve.

The figure (fig. 6, pi. ii.) is not sufficiently elongate for an average speci-
men of this species.

" Tetracyclic" (abnormal) ? (pi. ii., fig. 3a, & b.) F. V., much as iu the
typical form, (genus) ; filament with a central constriction ; frustules small ;
septa alternate, equal ; V. deeply constricted in the centre, (not unlike a
dumb-bell crystal of oxalate of lime).

Hab. of Tabellaria and Tetracyclus. Lafayette Mt. Lake.

This singular form occurs only at the above locality. Being minute and
much intermixed with Tabellaria and Odontidium tabellaria, it is apt to be
overlooked on a crowded slide. The septa are quite insignificant. They
exist at both ends of the valve. This anomalous form suggests a metamorphic
variation, mediate between Tabellaria and Tetracyclus, and is a true comprehen-
sive type, although less perfect than Surirella intermedia. The relations of the
septa, small as they are to the valve, and to each other, are constantly those
of Tetracyclus, (never of Tabellaria), though the impressible character of
outline, passively yielding to the disturbing force, has wandered far away
from the typical pattern of that genus.*

I will now, as briefly as possible, sum up the conclusions I have tried to
establish in this and the previous paper. After which summary will be
found a comparative table of some of these species.

These are — (1). That the genera Syncdra, Nitzschia, Tabellaria, and perhaps,
Odontidium and Himantidium, made their first appearance as prevalent forms
on this continent, at varying epochs, since the Glacial period.

(2). That there are epochs, which may be termed transitionary, coinciding
with the abundant introduction of genera, (as above), marked by a singular
relaxation of the laws which govern generic character, (melainorphic force.)

(3). This metamorphic force while respecting the more fixed and positive
generic characters, {essential), usually attacks the more variable and unimpor-
tant characters, (i. e. those common to most diatoms), {non-essential), of those
genera most nearly allied to the incoming one, giving rise to comprehensive or
synthetic forms ; as Surirella intermedia, Sanceps Sec.

(4). During these epochs, there would also seem to exist a subjective
variation in many of the cotemporary genera, whether allied or not to the
prevailing one — originating in this objective force — still affecting the non-essen-
tial characters, principally form and outline, e. g. objective genera Synedra,

*(The metamorphic force seems to run riot in this particular locality, (Mt. Lafayette Lake), and
nearly all the species appear to participate in this tendency to depart from their normal type. The
largest and showiest frustules of the pointed elliptic, which is by far the finest variety of N.
firma, pass down through many intermediate forms into a minute and characterless N. affiriie,
N. rhnmboides ranges from tho smallest apiculate, up to the magnificent var. b. (pi. ii., fig. 11),
curious and anomalous varieties of Tabellaria, of Odontidium tabellaria, some punctate, others
Synedroid, eccentric varieties of Synedra hemicyclus, of Eunotia incisa, Eu. camelus, Eu. pentagly-
phis, Eu. robusta, of Himantidium gractU, concurring with the abnormal ,Actinella punctata,
Surirella intermedia, and & delicatissima, altogether form a grouping confused and incoherent
beyond precedent.)

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

15

Nitzschia ; subjective genera, Surirella, Himantidium, Odontidium, Tabellaria,
Eunolia, and resultant varieties. (PI. ii., figs. 1, 2, 12, 13).

(5). An extreme variation, not special in its direction towards any type or
genus, extending to the valvular outline of many altogether distinct genera,
characterizes these metamorphic epochs ; manifesting itself in disposition to
assume an undulate, apiculate or crenulatc contour, or to lose these characters,
e. g. Eunotia incisa, Himantidium, Navicula serians, iV. firma ; or in irregular,
abnormal or unsymmetrical forms, due probably, to unequal or spasmodic
action of the metamorphic force, e. g. Actinella, Tetracyclic, (fig. 3, pi. ii.)

(6). These so-formed varieties, where based upon changes of generic char-
acter, or where abnormal or unsymmetrical, are always short-lived; on the
other hand, varieties not involving generic character, often become fixed and
permanent, as Navicula firma, (var. iridis, amphigomphus, §c.) N. serians, var.
/?., N. rhomboides.

(7). That it is not improbable, that many species not reputed distinct, are
capable of conjugating with each other ; and that peculiarities of outline and
striation constitute but uncertain data for division of species.

Table of Species.
(*) Indicates the presence of species at the locality.

Localities where the " intermediate
type" species occur.

Surirella Baileyi

" intermedia

" anceps

" delicatissima.
Actinella punctata

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16

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

1

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in any special direction.

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1

I add a list of the ordinary grouping of species in these localities. This is
necessarily incomplete and liable to error, owing to the fact that in some of
these muds, within the immediate influence of mountain streams, as parts of
the Saco spring — the Flume — Bethel — there is a large dilution with more modern
forms. These I have excluded and placed in a list by themselves. The
absence of these species in the still pond localities of the White Mountains, is,
I think, sufficient evidence of their extraneous habitat, when found along with
the grouping below.

Cymbclla cuspidata, C. helvetica, Epilhemia ventricosa, E. argus, Eunotia robusta,
Eu. incisa, Surirella nobilis, S. oblonga, S. decora, Navicula firma, N. serians, N.
rhomboides, N. major, N. tabellaria, N. viridis, N. acrospheria, N. radiosa, N.
mesolepta, N. borealis, iV. Staureiformis, N. elliptica, JV. cuspidata, Stauroneis
phenicenteron, St. gracilis, St. Baileyi, St. anceps, St. legumen, Cocconema lanceolatum,
G. cymbiforme, Gomphonema coronalum, G. turgidum, (var. G. capitatum) ?
Gomphonema, (var. G. acuminatum), Himantidium areas, IT. pectinate, Odontidium
tabellaria, Fragillaria, (doubtful?) — Achnanthidium ? Tetracyclic lacuslris, (rare).
Diatoma elongatum, (rare), Tabellaria vulgaris and vars. Orlhosira orichalcea,
Cocconeis Thivaitesii, (rare), Nitzschia spectabilis, (rare), Synedra ulna, (rare),
Navicula=Amphiprora navicular is, (Ehr.)? (common in sub-peat and peat),
Navicula scutelloides, (rare).

The following are, probably, extraneous species : — Odontidium mesodon, 0.
mutabile, Meridion circulare, Cocconeis placentula, Synedra radians, Nitzchla am-
phioxys, N. tenuis, Pleurosigma Spencerii, Gomphonema capitatum, G. geminatum,
Asterionella formosa, Colletonema vulgar e.

Denticula and Amphiprora are not represented in any of these deposits,
unless by one or two doubtful forms, one of which is figured in (pi. i., fig. 6),
Amp. ornata, the only fresh water species, is not common so far north.

*(I have omitted to notice an abnormal variety of Surirella decora t in 'the Wolfboro mud.
This is ovate; the median line extending for little more than one half the length of the valve,
leaving an equal open area at either end. From the extremities of the median line, the faint
costse branch out with a beautifully radiant arrangement, appearing as if they all arose from the
same point. I have found this form also at Montmorency Falls, Canada.)

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 17

I had intended, in the present communication, to give a resume of species
contained in the "blue clay" of the Delaware river alluvium, and in adjacent
localities along the river. This last I shall be obliged to defer; but as
several of the figures published in my last paper were designed to illustrate it,
I will briefly describe them.

"Amphora intermedia," n. sp. ? (pi. i., 7 a, b and c). F. V. linear elliptic,
or elliptic ; margin of the inflected portion of the valve recurved, resembling a
small ala; marginal puncta distinct, V. arcuate, with rounded apices finely
striated.

Hab. — Atlantic, N. J., rare.

This delicate and beautiful species, belongs to the complex Amphoric of Dr.
Gregory. Its outline and appearance on the F. V. are suggestive of Amphi-
prora, from which genus, however, the absence of the terminal nodules and
its valvular outline remove it. The few specimens I have found, do not en-
able me to judge accurately as to its average length or striation.

Navicula — n. sp. ? (pi. i., fig. 8) V. rhomboid, with cuneate slightly pro-
duced extremities, stria? radiant, moniliform.

The only specimen I have of this diatom, is a detached valve, from which
the figure (pi. L, fig. 8), is taken.

Hab. — Blue clay, Kaighn's point, Del. river. «

Amphiprora puLCHRA,var. p. A. convpicua (Greville )? (pi. i., fig. 10, a and b).
I am not sure, whether this fine diatom is identical with that figured in the
Mic. Journal as A. conspicua. (Trans. Mic. Soc, vol. ix.,pl. 10, fig. 16).

My figure, which is carefully drawn from a slide of Rockaway mud, differs
certainly from that of the Mic. Journal. The frustules are always twisted, as
shown in fig. 10a, pi. i., and the elongated nodules have much the look of
canaliculi. Its habit is that of A. pulchra, of which species I have thought it
a variety. It rarely attains half the size of that species ; occurs sparingly in
many brackish and marine localities.

Mastogloia elegans, n. sp. (pi. i., fig. 9). F. V. as shown at pi. ii., fig. 16.
V. large, lanceolate, elliptic ; extremities sometimes a little produced ; loculi
numerous; very minute ; marginal; striae sharp, clear, parallel ; about 36 a 40
in •001//. Median ?wdule laterally produced into a fine point. Habit and
growth of M. apiculata, of which species it may be a permanent variety. I
have not, however, been able to trace the connection.

It occurs along with M. angulata, and the above, at Atlantic, N. J., Cape
May, (Schellinger's Inlet), and as a pure gathering ; abundant.

Mastogloia kinsmanii, n. sp. (pi. ii., fig. 15 a and b.) F. V. as shown at
fig. 186. V. lanceolate or elliptic, with more or less produced ends ; loculi
less numerous than in 31. apiculata or M. elegans ; the central 4 or 5, larger
than the others ; (this is a constant character).

Median line with a narrow blank space on either side, connivent at the
apices; slrice sharp, radiant, about 40 in -001. Habit and growth of the pre.
cedirg.

Hab. — Cape May, Cold spring, Atlantic marshes.

Not an uncommon species at the above localities. The frustule is quite
thick, and of a dark, chocolate, brown color, when dry. This somewhat
doubtful species I have named (provisionally) after my friend Mr. Kinsman, of
this city, who first directed my attention to it, and to whom I am under great
obligations for aid in mounting and preserving specimens, and for many
valuable hints in their study.

There remain to be noticed, two very similar Naviculae, having strong
affinities with JY. Lewisiana, (Grew) One of them (pi. ii., fig. 19.) frequently
occurs along with it, and is probably, an early stage of that diatom ; and the

1865.] 2

18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

other, (pi. ii., fig. 20,) is a not uncommon coastal species. Both are brackish.
For convenience of reference, I have provisionally named these forms, whose
claims to rank as distinct species are very questionable :

(1.) Navicula incomperta, (pi. ii.. fig. 20.) — Y. lanceolate elliptic, with a
thick double median line; terminal nodules inconspicuous; transverse stria
parallel; about 70 in •00l// ; longitudinal strix wavy, faint, about 55 to 60, in
•001. Cape May, Atlantic, and Rockaway Salt marshes, common.

(2.) Navicula intkrposita, (pi. ii.,fig. 19.) — V. elliptic, elongated, shorter than
in the preceding; terminal nodules usually inconspicuous. Transverse strice
sharp, parallel, about 50 a 55 in •001//. Longitudinal, straight, parallel, about 45
a 50 in -001. Paraiba Harbor, S. A. ; Wilmington R., Savannah, Ga. — C.
Febiger.

The front view of both these species is linear, or sometimes slightly con-
stricted, with abruptly rounded ends, to which the suddenly inflected terminal
nodule gives an emarginate appearance, as is sometimes seen ia N. rhomhoides.

In N. Lewisiana, on the other hand, the front view is commonly a little infla-
ted, and the terminal curves much more gradual. The straight and long ter-
minal nodule of this last species, subtends the arc formed by this curve,
whence, probably, arises a good deal of that apparent inflation of the " extra
median" lines, spoken of by Dr. Greville. (Trans. Mic. Soc, vol. xi. N. S. p. 16.)

The variation in size, form and number of striaj is very considerable in all
of these species from different localities, and for the reason this measures T
have given above are only approximate.

As opportunity offers, I hope to continue the notice of the Delaware river,
and adjacent coastal diatoms.

Plate II.

Fig. (1.) Odontidium tabellaria. — Sporangial varieties of primary form, (a),

ordinary form, /? and y, elongated frustules.
(2.) Odontidium tabellaria. — Sporangial varieties of secondary form. (6), punc-
tate variety of, c. elongated form, d. double sporangial frustule.
(3.) Telracyclus? (abnormal)— a. V. b. F. V.
(4.) Eunotia pentaglyphis, (Ehr.)

(5.) Navicula serians, a. (apiculale), b. (cruciform) variety=2Vr. follii.
(6.) Stauroneis Stodderii, n. sp. (Greenleaf).
(7.) Navicula placenta, Ehr.
(8.) Navicula Sillimanorum, Ehr.
(9.) Navicula (Stauroneiform,) n. sp. ?
(10.) Navicula rhomboides. Sporangial var. b.
(11.) Navicula rhomboides, Sporangial var. a.
(12.) Eunotia incisa. (a) extreme variety, (Synedroid), b. Biundulate variety

= Eu. camelus.
(13.) Himantidium undulatum. Sporangial, var. a and b.
(14.) Stauroneis legumen, Ehr.
(15.) Mastogloia Kinsmanii, n. sp. a. V. b. F. V.
(16.) Mastoglia elegans, n. sp. F. V.
(17.) Navicula gaslrum, Ehr.
(18.) Eunotia bactriana, Ehr.
(19.) Navicula interposita, n. sp.
(20.) Navicula incomperta, n. sp.
(15.) Navicula carassius, Ehr.

These figures are all magnified 500 diameters. The representations of striae
are only designed to give a. general idea of their direction and character, not of
aumber, actual or comparative.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 19

Synonymy of the Species of STREPOMATIDJE, a Family of Fluviatile Mollusca

inhabiting North America.

Part 4.

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.

The first, second and third parts of this paper* included all the species then
known to science, except a peculiar group, of about sixty species of Gonio-
basis, inhabiting principally the Coosa River, Alabama. The species of this
group are distinguished from others of the genus by their heavy, bulbous or
cylindrical, or pupseform shapes, and their very short spires. I was not sat-
isfied that they belonged to the genus Goniobasis, and therefore reserved them
for further study.

Mr. Lea has since eliminated from this group principally, his excellent ge-
nus Euryccelon, which still leaves most of the species, however, in Goniobasis.
Finding that I am still unable to make a satisfactory separation, I have con-
cluded to finish the synonymy, treating these shells as Goniobases.

I avail myself of this opportunity to publish those additions and corrections
in the synonymy of the first three parts, which the kind assistance of my
friends, and particularly of Mr. Lea, together with my own investigations
have enabled me to make.

Including the species of the present paper, my Catalogue now embraces
about five hundred species and three hundred synonymsf.

10, Lea.
1. I. f 1 u viali s, Say.
Iojluviatilis, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299. Brot, Malaco Blatt. ii. p.

114, July, 1860.
Io fusiformis, Lea, Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i. f. 1977.
Io fusiformis, Say, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.
Jo tenebrosa, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299. Troschel, Archiv fur
Naturgesch. ii. p. 130, 1843.

3. 1. s p i n o s a, Lea.

Io spinosa, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1973. Morcli, Yoldi, Cat. p.
56. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

PLEUROCERA, Raf.

1. P. alveare, Con.

Melania alveare, Conr., Midler, Synopsis, p. 46, 1836.
Megara alveare, Con., Adams' Genera i. p. 306.
Megara torquata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.
Io pernodosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

2. P. Foreman i, Lea.

Gyrotoma Foremani, Lea, ? Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

3. P. undulatum, Say.

Melania undulata, Say, Brot, Mai. Blatt. ii. p. 106, July, 1860.
Megara undulata, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

4. P. e x c u r a t u m, Conrad.

Melania excurata, Conr., Midler, Synopsis, p. 43, 1836.

♦Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sciences, Nov., 1863, p. 306; Feb., 1864, p. 24; April, 1864, p. 92.
t The species, published by Mr. Lea in the Proceedings of the Academy for 1864, are not all in-
cluded in this paper, as the short diagnoses do not allow me to place them in a satisfactory manner.
As soon as the full descriptions and figures ate published in our Journal. I will indicate their
proper places in this list

1865.]

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

6. P. n obile, Lea.
Io nobilis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

S. P.canaliculatum, Say.
Io canaliculata, Say, Morch, Yoldi, Cat. p. 56.
Ceripliasia canaliculata, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.
Melania conica, Say, Sowerby, Mollusca, Fauna Boreali Aineiicana, iii. p.

316, 1836.
Gyrotoma conica, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.
Melania Sayi, Deshayes, Encyc. Meth. Vers. ii. p. 427, 1S30.

9. P. filum, Lea.
Elimiafilum, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

11. P. oli vaceu m, Lea.
This species should follow No. 21.

16a. P. trivittatum, Lea.*
Synonymy, Part 1st, No. 79.

17a. P. fastigiatum. Anthony.
Synonymy, Part 1st, No. 44.

28. P. unciale, Haldeman.

P. unciale, Hald., Synonymy, Part 1st, No. 67.
P. bicostatum and rigidum, Anth., ibid. No. 28.
P. sugillatum, Reeve, ibid. No. 68.
G. oblita, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 126.

29. P. subulare, Lea.

Ceriphasia subularis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

29a. P. intensum, Anthony.
Melania intensa, Anthony, Reeve, Monog. sp. 371. Brot, List, p. 30.

33. P. an nuliferu m, Conrad.

Melania annulifera, Conr., Midler, Synopsis, p. 44.
Ceriphasia annulifera, Conr., Adams' Genera i. p. 297.
Ceriphasia Ordiana, Lea, ibid. p. 297.

38. P. elevatum, Say.

Elimia elevata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

Ceriphasia elongata, Lea, ibid. p. 297, not Ceriph. elevata, Say, of Chenu,
Man. i. f. 1961.

40. P. aratum, Lea.

Ceriphasia exarata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

44. P. fasti giatum, Anthony.
Should be No. 17a.

49. P. pyrene 1 lum, Conrad.

Melania pyrenella, Conrad, Midler, Synopsis, p. 45.

51. P. regulare, Lea.

Ceriphasia regidaris, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

55. P. labiatum, Lea.

55a. P. pallidum, Lea.f

57. P. v e s t i t u m, Conrad. :f

* Perhaps = Thnrntonii.

f After a thorough examination of the specimens of labiatum and pallidum, I incline to the be-
lief that they are distinct.
J G. spinalis, Lea, may be identical with this species.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 21

Melania vestita, Conrad, Mailer, Synopsis, p. 47.

57«. P. lugubre, Lea.

Melania lugubris, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166, August, 1845. Philos. Trans.
x. p. 58, t. 9, f. 29. Obs. iv. p. 58. Binney, Check List, No. 164.
Brot, List, p. 31.
Goniobasis spurca, Lea, Synopsis, Part 2d, No. 177.
Ceriphasia spurca, Lea, H. and A, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

58a. P. pic turn, Lea.

Melania picta, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 82, Oct., 1841. Philos. Trans, ix. p.

19. Obs. iv. p. 19. Wheatley, Cat. Shells, U. S. p. 26. Binney, Check

List, No. 205. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 290.
Melania picturata, Reeve,* Errata to Monog. Melania. Brot, List, p. 38.

63a. P. Ocoeense, Lea.

Goniobasis Ocoeensis, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 181.

67. P. u n c i a 1 e, Haldeman.
Synonymy, Part 1st, = No. 28.

68. P. sugi 11a turn, Reeve,
Synonymy, Part 1st, = No. 28.

76. P. curvatum, Lea.

Gyrotoma curvata, Say, ? Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

79. P. trivitt atum, Lea.

Synonymy, Part 1st, = No. 16a.

83. P. opaca, Anthony.

G. opaca, iostoma and nigrostoma, Anthony, Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 119.
P. Tennesseense, Lea, Synonymy, Part 1st, No. 83.

ANGITREMA, Haldeman.

1. A. geniculata, Haldeman.

Lithasia genicula, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

2. A. s a 1 e b r o s a, Conrad.

Melania salebrosa, Conrad, Midler, Synopsis, p. 44.
Lithasia salebrosa, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

5. A. J ay an a, Lea. ,

To Jayana, Lea, Brot, Mai. Blatt. ii. p. 115, July, 1860.
lo robulina, Anthony, Chenu, Manuel de Conchyl. i. f. 1976. Adams' Ge-
nera i. p. 299.

7. A. armi gera, Say.

Io armigera, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

8. A. Du ttonian a, Lea.

Io Duttoniana, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 1974. Adams' Genera
i. p. 299.

9. A. stygia, Say.

lo tuberculata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

11. A. lima, Conrad.

Melania lima, Conr. Midler, Synopsis, p. 46.
Megara lima, Conr., Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

12. A. verrucosa, Rafinesque.

Potadoma depygis, Say, Chenu, Manuel de Conchyl. i. f. 1970.
Lithasia semigranulosa, Deshayes, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

* As a Phurocera, the name of picta is not preoccupied.

1864.]

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

LITHASIA, Haldeman.

1. L. fuliginosa, Lea.

Leptoxis fuliginosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

2. L. Florentiana, Lea.

Io Florentiana, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

9. L. n u c 1 e o 1 a, Anthony.
L. obliqua, Anthony, Synonymy, Part 1st, No. 14,

11. L. obovata, Say.

Lithasia obovata, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.
Leptoxis Hildrethiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

14. L. obliqua, Anthony.

Synonymy, Part 1st, = L. nvcleola, Anthony, No. 9.

STREPHOBASIS, Lea.

1. S. cur ta, Haldeman.

Megara solida, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

2. S. p umila, Lea.

Megara pumila, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

8. S. bit a en i at a, Conrad.
Melania bitaniata, Conrad, Muller, Synopsis, p. 45.

GONIOBASIS, Lea.

2. G. gr atios a, Lea.

2a. G. 1 a c h r y m a, Anthony.

Botll = EDRYCJELON.

3. G. gibberosa, Lea.

=EuRYCiELON.

4. G. n u b i 1 a, Lea.

= El7RYCJELON.

6. G. H y d e i i, Conrad.
Melania Hydeii, Conrad, Muller, Synopsis, p. 44.

8. G. c a e 1 a t u r a, Conrad.

8a. G. Stewardsoniana, Lea.*

8b. G. llavescens, Lea.f

Goniobasis flavescens, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 271, 1862 — Journal
Acad. Nat. Sol., v. pt. 3, p. 339, t. 38, f. 202, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 161.

10. G. cat en aria, Say.

Elimia catenaria, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

11. G. cat en o ides, Lea.

Elimia catenoides, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

14. G. Boykiniana, Lea.

Elimia Boykiniana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

Juga Troostiana, Lea, Chenu, Man. de Conchyl. i. f. 2017.

22. G. carinifera, Lamarck.

Elimia bella, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

*Differs from G. cxlatura in color, being dark green. It is also a more inflated species, with
shorter spire.
fNearly allied to cxlatura, but is narrower, more cylindical and lighter in color.

[Jan

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 28

22a. G. abbreviata, Anthony.

Melania abbreviata, Anth., Bost. Proc, iii. p. 360, Dec, 1850. Binney,

Check List, No. 433. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 424.
Melania elegantula, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lye, vi. p. 103, t. 3, f. 2, Mar.,

1854. Binney, Check List, No. 96. Brot. List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog.

Melania sp. 346.
Melania coronilla, Anth., Ann. Lye, N. H., New York, vi. p. 126, t. 3, f. 27,

Mar., 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 69. Brot. List, p. 32, Reeve,

Monog. Mel., sp. 418.
Melania chalybcea, Anth., Brot. List, p. 37.

22b. G. vesicula, Lea.
Synonymy, Part. 2, No. 41.

25. G-. subs'tricta, Haldeman.

Synonymy, Part 2=No. 31. G, obtusa, Lea.

28. G. carinocostata, Lea.

Elimia carinocostata, Lea, Adams' Genera, i. p. 300.

28a. G. s t r e n u a, Lea.
G. Leidyana, Lea.
G. carinocostata, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2.

286. G. perstriata, Lea.
Synonymy, Part 2, No. 73.

29. G. Lecontiana, Lea.

Melasma Lecontiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

30. G. c a dus, Lea.

Synonymy, Part 2=G. obtusa, Lea, No. 31.

31. G. obtu sa, Lea.

G. substricta, Haldeman, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 25.
G. cadus, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 30.

34. G. C h r i s t y i, Lea, is a Synonym of No. 37.

37. G. interrupta, Haldeman.

G. Christyi, Lea. G. instabilis, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 34.
G. ornatella, Lea, is a Synonym, of No. 39.

39. G. form os a, Conrad.

G. ornatella, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 37.

41. G. vesicula, Lea.
See No. 22, b.

43. G. laqueta, Say.

Melasma laqueata, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

47. G. gracilis, Lea.

Potadoma gracilis, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

53. G. bland a, Lea.

Melasma blancla, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

54. G. nit ens, Lea.

Melasma nitens, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

55. G. mutata, Brot.*

59. G. C urreyana, Lea.

Melasma Curreijana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

*Mucb resembles G. dijjicilis, Lea, No. 81.

1865.]

24

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

61. G. D e s li a y e s i a n a, Lea.

Melasma plicatul a, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.
Melasma Deshayesiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

69a. G. L i n d s 1 e y i,* Lea.

Syn. of dis locata, Rav., Part 2, Synonymy, No. 69.
72. G. n a s s u 1 a, Conrad.

Melania nassula, Conr., Miiller, Synopsis, p. 46.

G. Edgariana, Lea, Synonymy, Fait 2, No. 77.

Melasma Edgariana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

75. G. c o s t u 1 a t a, Lea.
Melasma costulata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

77. G. Edgariana, Lea.
Vide, No. 72.

78. G. c a 1 i g i n o s a, Lea.

Elima caliginosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

79. G. nodulosa, Lea.

Elimia nodulosa, Lea, Adams' Genera, No. 300.

80. G. glauca, Anthony.

= G. atkleta, Anthony, No. 86.

84. G. c a n c e 1 1 a t a, Say.

Elimia cancellata, Say, Adams" Genera i. No. S4.

85. G. circincta, Lea.

Juga circincta, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 294.

86. G. a t li 1 e t a, Anthony.

G. glauca, Anthony, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 80.

S8. G. stria tula, Lea.
Juga striata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

91. G. crebicostata, Lea.

Melasma crebricostata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

92. G. c o m m a, Conrad.

Melania comma, Conr., Miiller, Synopsis, p. 45.
Melasma comma, Conr., Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

93. G. acuta, Lea.

Ceriphasia acuta, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

94. G. subcylindracea, Lea.

Potadoma subcijli)idracea, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

96. G. concinna, Lea.
Melasma concinna, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

103. G. p lici f er a, Lea.

Melania plicifera, Lea, Troschel, Archiv fur Naturgesch. ii. p. 227.
Melasma plicifera, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

104. G. s i 1 i c u 1 a, Gould.

Juga silicula, Gould, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

108. G. trochiformis, Conrad.

Melania trochiformis, Conr., Miiller, Synopsis, p. 47.

* The aperture is differently shaped from dislocata. The plicae are also more crowded, and
decussated by one or two lines under the sutures.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.

25

Ilia. G. ex pa ns a, Lea.*

118. G. p 1 e b e i u s, Anthony.
= G.sordida, Lea, No. 186.

119. G. op aca, Anthony.

= Pleurocera opaca, Anthony, No. 83.

123. G. m o d e s t a, Lea.f

124. G. pagodiformis, Anthony.
= G. acutocarinata, Lea, No. 127-

125. G. Gerhard tii, Lea.t

126. G. o h 1 i t a, Lea.

=Pleurocera unciale, Hald., Synonymy, Part 1, No. 28.

127. G. acutocarinata, Lea.

G. pagodiformis, Anthony. G. tondosa, Anth., No. 124.
Eiimia acutocarinata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

129. G. C a t aw b a e a, Haldeman.

Goniobasis Catawbcea, Hald., Amer. Jour. Conch, vol. 1, No. 1,
Feb. 25, 1865.

132. G. symmetrica, Haldeman.

Ceripha'sia symmetrica, Hald. Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

138. G. cong e st a, Conrad.

Melania congesta, Conr., Midler, Synopsis, p. 43.

139. G. aur iculae formis, Lea.

Megara auriculceformis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

140. G. Nic klin i ana, Lea.

Leptoxis Nickliniana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

143. G. ebenum, Lea.§
Nitocris eberia, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.
Melania brunnea, Anth.= G. sordida, Lea, No. 186.

148. G. graminea, Haldeman.

Goniobasis graminea, Hald., American Journ. Conch, i. No.l. Feb. 25, 1865.

150. G. Vanuxemii, Lea.

Changed to G. Prestoniana, Proc. Acad., 1864, p. 3, Vanuxemii being
preoccupied.
= G. simplex, Say, No. 157.

153. G. a b r u p t a, Lea.

Leptoxis abrupta, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

154. G. d e p y g i s, Say.

Potadoma depygis, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 298.

155. G. li ve s c e n s, Menke.

Potadoma Niagarensis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

157. G. simplex, Say.

G. subsolida, Lea, No. 186, cxcl. synonyms.

*Very closely allied to, or perhaps=(?. Whitei, No. 111.
tPerhaps_P/ewrocera lugubris, Lea.
JThis is probably the same as G. semigradata, No. 27.

(5Mr. Lea agrees with me in considering this species distinct from iostoma, Anth.; and also in
making brunneu a synonym oSsordida instead of ebenum.

1865.]

^6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

G. Vanuxemii, Lea, No. 150.

Pachycheilus simplex, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 298.

Potadoma Warderiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299 , Chenu, Manuel, i. f.
1972.

158. G. Potosiensis, Lea.

Elimia Potosiensis, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

160a. G. virens, Anthony.*
Syn. of G. Sqffbrdi. Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 160.

167. G. cinerea, Lea.f

170. G. translucens, Anthony.

Goniobasis translucens, Anthony, Am. Journ. Conch, i., Feb. 25, 1865.

171. G. ovoid e a, Lea.

Potadoma ovoideus, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

173. G. quadricincta, Lea.

Goniobasis quadricincta, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Apr. 1864, p. 112.

177. G. s pur c a, Lea.

= Pleurocera, No. 57a.

181. G. Ocoeensis, Lea.
Potadoma Ocoeensis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299. = Pleurocera, No. 63a.

184. G. Estahrookii, Lea.
= G. dubiosa.

186. G. subsolida, Lea~
= G. simplex, Say, No. 157.

Potadoma subsolida, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

186a. G. sordida, Lea.

Potadoma sordida, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.
G. plebeia, Anth., Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 118.
G. brunnea, Anth., Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 143.

187. G. clavaeformis, Lea.

Melasma clavaeformis, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

191. G. adust a, Anthony.

G. Cumberlandicnsis, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 189.
G. funebralis, Anthony, Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 190.

193. G. dubiosa, Lea,

G. Estabroohii, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2d, No. 184.

194. G. laevigata, Lea.

Potadoma laevigata, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

195. G. interlinear a, Anthony.

Goniobasis interlineata, Anthony, Am. Jour. Conch, vol. i., Feb. 25, 1865.

196. G. O hi ens is, Lea.f

197. G. b r e v i s p i r a, Anthony.

Melasma brevispira, Anth. , Adams' Genera i. p. 300.

* Appears to be distinct from G. Saffnrdi. The shell is less solid, the aperature is not exactly of
the same form, and the c olor is lighter and more brilliant.

fMost likely the locality given for this species is incorrect. It is probably identical with pulchella,
Anthony.

X Probably = G. semicarinata, Say. No. 193.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27

198. G. semicarinata, Say.

Juga exilis, Hald., Adams' Genera i. p. 304.
Ceriphasia Kirtlandiana, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.
Potadoma inornatus, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

199. G. Haldemani, Tryon.

Goniobasis Haldemani, Tryon, Am. Journ. Conch, i., Feb. 25, 1865.

203. G. Alexandrensis, Lea.*

Ceriphasia Alexandrensis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

204. G. Haleiana, Lea.

Ceriphasia Haleiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

208. G. p r o x i m a, Say.

Juga proximo, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

208a. G. rufescens, Lea.f
Potadoma rufescens, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 299.

209. G. Virginica, Gmel.

Buccinum Virginica, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3505. Schroter, Einleit. i. p. 414,
1783. Martini, Berlin Mag. if. p. 348, t. 10, f. 48. Schreibers, Ein-
leit. Conchyl. t. 113, f. 7.

Melania Virginica, Say, Villa., Cat. Syst. p. 36, 1841.

Io Virginica, Say, Morch, Yoldi Cat. p. 56.

Ceriphasia Virginica, Gmel., Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

Juga Virginica, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

Juga multilineata, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

210. G. Sulcosa, Lea.

Ceriphasia sidcosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 297.

211. G. Buddii, Lea.

Juga Buddii, Say, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

212. G. Troostiana, Lea.

Melania Troostiana, Lea, Troschel, Archiv fur Naturgesch. ii. p. 227.
Juga Troostiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 304. ■

J. Heavy, pupreform or cylindrical species.

217. G. cylindracea, Conrad.

Melania cylindracea, Con., New Fresh- Water Shells, p. 55, t. 8, f. 10, 1834.
Midler, Synopsis, p. 47, 1836. Binney, Check List, No. 84.

Melania cylindrica, Con., Wheatley, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25. Reeve, Mo-
nog. Melania, sp. 311. Brot, List, p. 32.

Melania oppugnata, Lea, Philos. Trans, x. p. 300, t. 30, f. 9. Observations,
v. p. 56. Binney, Check List, No. 190.

218. G. p u p o i d e a, Anthony. J

Melania pupoidea, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi. p. 104, t. 3, f.

3, April, 1854. Brot, List, p. 33. Binney, Check List, No. 224. Reeve,

Monog. Melania, sp. 249.
Melania propinqua, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 119, 1861.
Goniobasis propinqua, Lea, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 234, t. 34, f.

29, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 56.

* May be a Pleurocera.

tl'bis is a longer and narrower species than G. proximo,, the color is also darker.

X Without the large series of specimens before me, I should have acquiesced in the institution of
propinqua as a distinct species ; but I find every grade of form between the two. The shorter
forms approach closely to olivula, Con., with which they have been confounded. They are dis-
tinguished by difference in color, and principally of texture, olicula being much heavier.

1865.]

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

219. Gk lit a, Lea.*

Melania lita, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 18G1, p. 121.
Goniobasis lita, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 239, t. 34, f. 40,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 61.

220. G. fall ax, Lea.

Melania fallax , Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 120.
Goniobasis fallax, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 231, t. 34, f. 24,
March* 1863. Obs. ix. p. 53.

221. G. inosculata, Lea.f

Goniobasis inosculata, Lea, Proc. Acad Nat. Sci. p. 263, 1862. Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 296, t. 37, f. 126, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 118.

222. G. Alabamensis, Lea.

Melania Alabamensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 121.
Goniobasis Alabamensis, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 232, t. 34, f.
26, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 54.

223. G. rara, Lea.

Melania rara, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 121, 1861.

Goniobasis rara, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 220, t. 34, f. 3,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 42.

224. G. punicea, Lea. J

Melania punicea, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 119, 1861.
Goniobasis punicea, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3. p. 232, t. 34, f. 27,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 54.

225. G. pud i ca, Lea.

Melania pudica, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 222, t. 34, f. 7, Mar.
1863. Obs. ix.

226. G. fabalis, Lea.

Goniobasis fabalis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 266, 1862. Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 311, t. 37, f. 154, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 133.

227. G. Shelbyensis, Lea §

Melania Shelbyensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 121, 1861.
Goniobasis Shelbyensis, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 228, t. 34, f.
18, March, 1S63. Obs. ix. p. 50.

228. G. fume a, Lea.

Melania fumea, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 123.
Goniobasis fumea, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 222, t, 34, f. 6,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 44.

229. G. aequ a, Lea.

Melania aqua, Lea, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 122.

Goniobasis aqua, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 240, t. 34, f. 41,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 62.

230. G. s o 1 i d u 1 a, Lea.

Melania solidula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 121.
Goniobasis solidula, Lea, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 230, t. 34, f. 23.
Obs. ix. p. 52.

*I doubt whether this is distinct from G. Haysiana. In all the specimens I have examined, the
aperture is white within, instead of purple as described by Mr. Lea,

•f The whorls are more convex and brighter in color than G. fallax. This species is constantly
ornamented by four dark bands.

1 Very closely allied to pudica, if not identical with that species.

j> Differs from pudica in the form of the aperture, the whorls are also flatter.

. [Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 29

231. G. olivula, Conrad.

Melania olivula, Con., Am. Journ. Science, 1st Series, xxv. p. 342, t. 1, f.

13, Jan., 1834. Miiller, Synopsis, p. 42, 1836. Wheatley, Cat. Shells,

U. S., 26. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 98. Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th Edit.

p. 274. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 455.* Bianey, Check List, No.

188. Brot, List, p. 33. Hanley, Conch. Miscellany, t. 1, f. 2.
Megara olivula, Con., Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 2027. Adams' Genera i. p. 306.
Melania olivata, Con., Jay, Cat. 3d Edit. p. 45. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc.

p. 188.
Melania propria, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 123. f
Goniobasis lepida, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, v. pt. 3, p. 227, t. 34, f.

17, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 49.

232. G. f a s c i n a n s, Lea.

Melania fascinans, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 119, 1861.
Goniobasis fascinans, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 229, t. 34. f.
20, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 51.

233. G. Showalterii, Lea.

Melania Showalterii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 120.
Goniobasis Showalterii, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 220, t. 34, f.
4. Obs. ix. p. 42.

234. G. clausa, Lea.

Melania clausa, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 120.
Goniobasis clausa, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 231, t. 34, f. 25,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 53.

235. G. c rep era, Lea.

Melania crepera, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 123.
Goniobasis crepera, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 240, t. 34, f. 42,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 62.

236. G. abscida, Anthony.

Melania abscida, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1860, p. 56. Binney,
Check List, No. 435. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp.
395.

237. G. Vanuxemiana, Lea.

Melania Vanuxemiana, Lea, Proc. Philos. Soc. ii. p. 242, Dec, 1842. Philos.

Trans, ix. p. 25. Obs. ix. p. 25. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 453.

Brot, List, p. 33..
Melania Vanuxemensis, Lea, Wheatlev, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 27. Binney,

Check List, No. 283.
Megara Vanuxemiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

238. G. Coosaensis, Lea.J

Melania Coosaensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 118.
Goniobasis Coosaensis, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, v. pt. 3, p. 234, t. 34,
f. 30. March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 56.

238. G. rubicund a, Lea.
Melania rubicunda, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 118.
Goniobasis rubicunda, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 235 t. 34, f.
32, March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 57.

240. G. H a y s i a n a, Lea.
Melania Haysiana, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 242, Dec, 1842. Philos. Trans.

# Reeve figures for this shell also sp. 309, but the figure does not represent the species,
■f Preoccupied. Showalterii and fascinans are also probably synonyms of olivula.
X Differs from G. Haysiana in the form of the aperture.

1865.]

30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

ix. p. 25. Obs. iv. p. 25. Wheatley, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25. Jay,
Cat. Shells, 4th Edit. p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 137. Brot,
List, p. 32. Brot, Mai. Blatt. ii. p. 108, July, I860.* Reeve, Monog.
Melania, sp. 310. Hanley, Conch. Miscel. Melania, t. 1, f. 6.
Megara Haysiana, Lea, Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 1981. Adams' Genera i. p.
306.

241. G. arctata, Lea.

Melania arctata, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166. Philos. Trans, x. p. 64, t. 9.
f. 46. Obs. iv. p. 64. Binney, Check List, No. 20. Brot, List, p. 32.
Megara arctata, Lea, Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 2024. Adams' Genera i. f. 306.

242. G. a m p 1 a, Anthony.

Melania ampla, Anthony, Ann. N. Y. Lyceum, vi. p. 93, t. 2, f. 12, 1854.
Binney, Check List, No. 13. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Mela-
nia, sp. 312.

Melania Hartmaniana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861.

Goniobasis Hartmanii, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 218, t. 34, f.
1, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 40.

243. G. m e 1 1 e a, Lea.

Melania mellea, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1861, p. 120.
Goniobasis mellea, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 224, t. 34, f. 10.
1863. Obs. ix. p. 46.

244. G. am b u s t a, Anthony.

Melania ambusta, Anthony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 94, t. 2, f. 13, 1854.
Binney, Check List, No. 12. Brot, List, p. 39. Reeve, Monog. Mela-
nia, sp. 352.

245. G. lae ta, Jay.

Melania laeta, Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d Edit. p. 122, t. 7, f. 11, 1839. Jay, Cat.
Shells, 4th Edit. p. 274. Wheatley, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. Binney,
Check List, No. 156. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc. p. 187. Brot, List, p.
32.

Melania robusta, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 83, October, 1841. Philos. Trans,
ix. p. 19. Obs. iv. p. 19. Wheatley, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. Bin-
ney, Check List, No. 231.

Melatoma Buddii, Lea,f Reeve, Monog. Melatoma, sp. 3.

Melania tceniolata,% Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1860, p. 59. Bin-
ney, Check List, No. 263. Brot, List, p. 31. Reeve, Monog. Melania,
sp. 392.

246. G. h a r p a, Lea.

Melania harpa, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166, August, 1845. Philos. Trans.

x. p. 64, t. 9, f. 45. Obs. iv. p. 64. Binney, Check List, No. 135.

Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 313, 314.
Megara harpa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

Melania textilosa, Anthony, § Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 101, t. 2, f. 20, 1854.
Binney, Check List, No. 270. Brot, List, p. 40. Reeve, Monog. Melania,
sp. 391.

247. G. oliva, Lea.||

* Dr. Brot considers arctata, robusta, brevis and basalts synonyms.

t It is curious that Mr. Reeve has figured and described this shell for the Schizostoma {Melalorrui,
Huddii, Lea.

t Half grown shell. It presents a very different appearance from the adult.

| Half grown shell.

D This shell is narrower than G. laeta, resembling harpa in form ; but the aperture is wider ami
more rounded below. It is very closely allied to G. excavata, — which is a smooth species, however

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 31

Melania oliva, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 242, 1842. Philos. Trans., ix. p. 27.

Obs. iv. p. 127. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Binney, Check List,

No. 187. Brot, List, p. 33.
Megara oliva, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

248. G. proteus, Lea.

Melania proteus, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166, 1845. Philos. Trans., x. p.
57, t. 9, f. 28. Obs. iv. p. 57. Binney, Check List, No. 219. Brot, List, p. 33.
Juga proteus, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 304.

249. G. g r i s e a, Anthony.

Melania grisea, Anthony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1S60, p. 61. Reeve,
Monog. Melania, sp. 390. Brot, List, p. 32.

250. G. cul ta, Lea.

Melania culla, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 121, 1861.

Goniobasis culla, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. p. 13, p. 237, t. 34, f. 36.

Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 59.
Melania suavis,* Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 169, 1861.
Goniobasis suavis, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 228 t. 34, f. 19.

Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 50.

251. G. 1 u t e o 1 a, Lea.

Melania luteola, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 119, 1861.

Goniobasis luteola, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 230, t. 34, f. 22,

Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 52.
Melania straminea,\ Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, p. 121.
Goniobasis straminea, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 227, t. 34, f.

16, Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 49.

252. G. gravida, Anthony.

Melania gravida, Anth., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 59, Feb., 1860. Reeve,
Monog. Melania. Brot, List.

253. G. ger man a, Anthony.

Melania germana, Anth., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 61, Feb., 1S60. Binney,
Check List, No. 120. Brot, List, p. 40. Iteeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 383.

254. G. v a r i a t a, Lea.

Melania variata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 119, 1861.
Goniobasis variata, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 224, t. 34, 1". 11,
March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 46.

255. G. ova lis, Lea.

Melania ovalis, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 242, Dec. 1842. Philos. Trans, ix,
p. 25. Obs. ix. p. 25. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 26. Binney, Check
List, No. 192. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 448 and sp. 309. J

Megara ovalis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

Melania copiosa, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 122, 1861.

Goniobasis copiosa, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 239, t. 34, f. 39.

Obs. ix. p. 61.
Melania orbicula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 118, 1861.
Goniobasis orbicula, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p, 238, t. 34, f. 37,

March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 60.

256. G. vi rgulata, Lea.

Melania virgulata,\ Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 119, 1861.

1864.]

* Young shell.
•fYonng shell.
\ Figured as olivula, Conr, but name corrected in Errata.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Goniobasis virgulata, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 223, t. 34, f. 9,

March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 45.
Melania glandaria,* Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 120, 1861.
Goniobasis glandaria, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 226, t. 34, f. 14,

March, 1863. Obs. ix. p. 48.

257. G. c 1 a r a, Anthony.

Melania clara, Anth., Ann. N. Y. Lye. vi. p. 119, t. 3, f. 19, March, 1854.
Binney, Check List, No. 55. Brot, List, p. 32.

258. G. in flat a, Haldeman.f

Melania inflata, Hald., Cover of No. 3, Monog. Limniades, March, 1841.
Binney, Check List, No. 146. Brot, List, p. 40. Reeve, Monog. Melania,
sp. 410.

259. GL f u sif o r m is, Lea. %

Melania fusiformis, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans.,
viii. p. 167, t. 5, f. 9. Obs. iii. p. 5. DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93. Troost.
Cat. Shells Tenn. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Binney, Check
List, No. 117. Catlow, Conch. Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 40.

260. G. bellula, Lea.

Melania bellula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861.
Goniobasis belhda, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 237, t. 34, f. 35,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 59.

261. Gr. calculoides, Lea.

Mdania calculoides, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 118, 1861.
Goniobasis calculoides, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 238, t. 34, f.
38, Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 60.

262. Gr. has a lis, Lea,§

Melania basalts, Lea, Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166. Philos. Trans., x. p. 50, t.

9, f. 33. Obs. iv. p. 59. Binney, Check List, No. 28. Brot, List, p.

32. Reeve, Monog. Melania, sp. 471.
Anculotis basalis, Lea, Reeve, Monog. Anculotus, t. 5. f. 40.
Megara basalis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

263. G. Lewisii, Lea.

Melania Lewisii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 118, 1S61.
Goniobasis Lewisii, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 243, t. 35, f. 46,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 65.

264. G. ellipsoides, Lea.

Melania gracilior, Lea, || Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 118.
Goniobasis ellipsoides, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 234, t. 34, f.
31, Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 56.

265. G. elliptic a, Lea.

Melania elliptica, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 118, 1861.
Goniobasis elliptica, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 225, t. 34, f. 13,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 47.

266. G. bull u la, Lea.

Melania bullula, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 121, 1861.

* This is the young, and glandaria the adult shell of the same species.

f Differs from G. virgulata by its obtusely angled whorls and somewhat diamond-shaped aper-
ture.

JMuch like G. ambusta when young, but more inflated, and the aperture more obtusely rounded
below.

2 Resembles glandaria, but is thinnor. the outer lip is more expanded, and the aperture rather
larger. It is closely allied also to fusiformis, Lea.

|| Preoccupied.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 33

Goniobasis bullala, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 221, Mar., 1863.
Obs. ix. p. 43, t. 34, f. 5.

267. G. exoavata, Anthony.*

Melania excavata, Anthony, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vi. p. 99, t. 2, f. 18, Mar.,
1854. Binney, Check List, No. 102. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve, Monog.
Melania, sp. 385.

268. G. purpurea, Lea.

Melania purpurea, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 120.

Goniobasis purpurea, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 225, t. 34, f. 12,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 47.

269. G. quadrivittata, Lea.

Melania quadrivittata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 119.
Goniobasis quadrivittata, Lea. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 226, Mar.,
1863. Obs. ix. p. 48.

270. G. propria, Lea.

Melania propria, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 118, 1861.
Goniobasis propria, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 229, t. 34, f. 21,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 52.

271. G. n eg at a, Lea.

Goniobasis negata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 337, t. 38, f. 200, Mar. 1863. Obs. ix. p. 159.

272. G. i m p r e s s a, Lea.

Melania impressa, Lea, Philos. Proc. ii. p. 83, Oct. 1841. Philos. Trans , ix.

p. 19. Obs. iv. p. 19. Wheatley, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. Jay, Cat.

Shells, p. 274. Binney, Check List, No. 143. Brot, List, p. 32. Reeve,

Monog. Melania, sp. 316, 349. Hanley, Coach. Miscel. Melania, t. 8, f. 69.
Megara impressa, Lea, Chenu, Manuel i. f. 2023, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.
Melania crebristriala, Lea,f Philos. Proc. iv. p. 166. Philos. Traus., x. p. 65,

t. 9, f. 47. Obs. iv p. 65. Binney, Check List, No. 75. Catlow, Conch.

Nomenc, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 32.
Megara crebristriata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 306.

273. G. pergrata, Lea. J

Melania pergrata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861.
Goniobasis pergrata, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 243, Mar., 1863.
Obs. ix. p. 65.

274. G. c a p i 1 1 a r i s, Lea.

Melania capillaris, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861.
Goniobasis capillaris, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. pt. 3, p. 236, t. 34 f. 34,
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 58.

EURYC^ELON, Lea.
Eurycxlon, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 3, Jan., 1864. /

1. E. umbonata, Lea.

Goniobasis umbonata, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 3, 1864.

2. E. M i d a s, Lea.

Melania Midas, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 119, 1861.
Goniobasis Midas, Lea, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 233, t. 34 f 28
Mar., 1863. Obs. ix. p. 55.

3. E. g r a t i os a, Lea.

Goniobasis gratiosa, Lea, Synonymy, Part 2, No. 2.

*Mr. AnthoDy'a type specimen exhibits unmistakable evidence of diseased growth.

fThe difference iu the number of striae pointed out by Mr. Lea, is not a good distinctive charac-
ter; they vary much in number on undoubted specimens of impressa. G. crebristriata ia not full
grown.

JI fear this is only a variety of impressa.

1865.] 3

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

3a. E. lachryma, Anthony.
Goniobasis lachryma, Anthony, Syn., Part 2, No. 2a.

4. E. gibberosa, Lea.

Goniobasis gibberosa, Lea, Syn., Part 2, No. 3.

5. E. n u b i 1 a, Lea.

Goniobasis nubila, Lea, Syn., Part 2, No. 4.

6. E. A n t h o n y i, Budd.

Anculosa Anthonyi, Budd., Syn., Part 3, No. 1.

7. E. crass a, Haldeman.

Anculosa crassa, Hald., Syn., Part 3, No. 15.
Leptoxis crassa, Hald., Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Anculosa pisum* Hald., Syn., Part 3, No. 19.
Leptoxis pisum, Hald., Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

8. E. turbinata, Lea.

Anculosa turbinata. Lea, Syn., Part 3, No. 33.

MESESCHIZA, Lea.
Meseschiza, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 2, Jan., 1864.
1. M.Grosvenorii, Lea.
Meseschiza Grosvenorii, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 2, Jan. 18G4.

SCHJZOSTOMA, Lea.

3. S.ovoideu m, ShutOeworth.

Gyrotoma ovoidea, Shutt., Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

4. S. e xci s u m, Lea.

Gyrotoma excisa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

7. S. laciniatum, Lea.
Gyrotoma laciniala, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

10. S. cy lindraceum, Mighels.

Gyrotoma cylindracea, Migh., Adams' Genera i. p. 305.
12. S. cu r turn, Mighels.

Gyrotoma curta, Migh., Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

15. S. p ag o d a, Lea.

Gyrotoma pagoda, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

16. S p y r a m i d a t n m, Shuttleworth.

Gyrotoma pyramidaium, Shutt., Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

20. S. babylonicum, Lea.

Gyrotoma babylonicum, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.
Gyrotoma funiculi ta, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

23. S.constrictu no, Lea.

Gyrotoma constricta, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

.26. S. incisum, Lea.

Gyrotoma incisa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 305.

ANCULOSA. Say.

1. A. Anthonyi, Budd.
— Eurycxlon.

2. A. p lie at a, Conrad.

Aneulotus plicatus, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 40, 1836.
Leptoxis pltcata, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

5. A. 1 i 1 1 o r i n a, Haldeman.

Melania pdula, Lea, Adams' Gemra i. p. 307.

*Toung shell.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 35

6. A. c o s t a t a, Anthony.

Niloais coslata, Lea, H. and A. Adams' Genera i. p. 308.
Nitocris occidcntalis, Lea, Adams' Geuera i. p. 308.

7. A. rubiginosa, Lea.

Anculosa rubiginosa, Lea, Brot, Mai. Blatt, ii. p. Ill, July, 1840.
Leptoxis rubiginosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Leptoxis Griffithiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

8. A. c a r i n a t a, Brug.*

A. dissimilis, Say, Synopsis, Part 3.

Bulirnus carinatus, Brug., Ency. Meth., vers. i. p. 301, 1792.

Nitocris dissimilis, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Leptoxis dissimilis, Say, Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 2049 — 54.

—Lister t. Ill, f. 5 and t. 112, f. 6. Petiver, Gazophjl, t. 104, f. 67.

Nitocris carinala, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Leptoxis variabilis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

Anculotus nigrescens, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 36, 1836.

Leptoxis nigrescens, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

Ijeptoxis trivittata, DeKay, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

Anculotus monodontoides, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 41, 1836.

Nitocris monodontoides, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Nitocris deniata, Couth., Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

9. A. dilatata, Conrad.

Nitocris dilatata, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Leptoxis dilatatus, Conrad, Chenu, Manuel, i. f. 2043 — 5.

Nitocris Rogersii, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Nitocris Kirtlandianus, Anthony, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Nitocris inflatus, Lea, Adams' Geuera i. p. 308.

Melania inflata, Lea, Troschel, Archiv fur Naturgesch. ii. p. 226.

11. A. m e Ian o i d e s, Conrad.
Nitocris melanoides, Conrad, Adams' Gerera i. p. 308.
Anculotus melanoides, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 42, 1836.
Leptoxis turgida, Hald., Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Leptoxis viridis, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

13. A. subglobosa, Say.

Leptoxis subglobosa, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Lzptoxis gibbosa, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Leptoxis globula, Lea, Adams' General, p. 307.
Ijeptoxis tintinnabulum, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Leptoxis virgata, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

14. A. praerosa, Say.

Anculosa prserosa, Say, Synonymy, Part 3.

Leptoxis prxrosa, Say, Adams' Genera i. p. 307. Morch, Yoldi, Cat., p. 56.

Lithasia meritiformis, Desh., Adams' Genera i. p. 308.

Anculotus angulatus, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 40, 1836.

Leptoxis angulata, Conrad, Adams' Geoera i. p. 307.

15. A. c r a s s a, Haldeman.
=Eurycsclon.

A.pisum, Hald., Synonymy, Part 3, No. 19.
Leptoxis pis urn, Hald., Adams' General, p. 307.

16. A. t a e n i a t a, Conrad.

Anculotus tieniatus, Conrad, Miiller, Synopsis, p. 41, 1836.
Leptoxis txniata, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

1865.]

♦Has 27 years priority over disimifo.

36

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

17. A.Troostiana, Lea.
Leptoxis Troostiana, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

25. A. p i c ta, Conrad.

Anculosa picta, Conrad, Muller, Synopsis, p. 39, 1836.
Leptoxis picta, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.
Leptoxis flammata, Conrad, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

28. A. s qu a 1 i d a, Lea.

Leptoxis squalida, Lea, Adams' Genera i. p. 307.

29. A. p a t u 1 a, Anthony.
=dilatata, Conrad.?

30. A. v i r i d u 1 a, Anthony.
==dilalata, Conrad.?

33. A. t u r b i n a t a, Lea.
=Euryaelon.

Pursuant to the By-Laws, an election of members of the Standing
Committees for 1865 was held, as follows :

ETHNOLOGY.
J. A. Meigs,
S. S. Haldeman,
I. I. Hayes.

COMP. AN AT. AND GEN. ZOOLOGY.
Joseph Leidy,
J. M. Corse,
J. H. Slack.

MAMMALOGY.
J. H. Slack,
J. L. Le Conte,

W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER.

ORNITHOLOGY.
John Cassin,
J. H. Slack,
B. A. Hoopes.

HERPETOLOGY $ ICHTHYOLOGY.
E. D. Cope,
E. Bridges,
Th. Norris.

CONCHOLOGY.
T. A. Conrad,
W. G. Binney,
G. W. Tryon, Jr.

ENTOMOLOGY AND CRUSTACEA.
R. Bridges,
E. T. Cresson,
J. F. Knight.

BOTANY.
E. Durand,
Joseph Carson,
Aubrey H. Smith.

GEOLOGY.
Isaac Lea,
Charles E. Smith,
J. P. Lesley.

MINERALOGY.
Wm. S. Vaux,
J. C. Trautwine,
T. D. Rand.

PALAEONTOLOGY.
Joseph Leidy,
T. A. Conrad,
J. L. Le Conte.

PHYSICS.
B. Howard Rand,
Wm. M. Uhler,
R. E. Rogers.

LIBRARY.
Joseph Jeanes,
Joseph Leidy,
John Cassin.

PROCEEDINGS.
Joseph Leidy,
Wm. S. Vaux,
John Cassin,
Thomas Stewardson,
Robert Bridges.

[Jan.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 37

February 14 th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Seven members present.

The following paper was presented for publication and referred to a
Committee :

'; Descriptions of new species of Birds of the Families Paridas, Vire-
onidae," &c. By Geo. N. Lawrence.

The Committee on Proceedings placed on the table the published
number for November and December, 1864.

February 21st.
Vice-President, Cassin, in the Chair.
Sixteen members present.

February 28th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Twelve members present.

On report of the Committee, the following paper was ordered to be
published :

Descriptions of new species of BIRDS of the Families PARIDJ2, VIRECWIDJE,
TYRANNIDJE and TROCHILID.E, with a note on Myiarchus Panamensis.

BY GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

1. POLIOPTILA PLU1IBICEPS .

Male. Entire crown and occiput dark plumbeous, bordered on each side by
a black line which begins at the bill, running to and over the eye, and as far
beyond as the dark cap extends ; upper plumage dark, bluish grey ; outer
tail feather white, the next white except one third of the inner web at the
base, where it is black, the third feather black with the end white for _5- of
an inch, the other tail feathers are glossy black ; primaries blackish brown,
secondaries black, broadly margined with white ; under wing coverts white ;
sides of the head, lower eyelid, chin and abdomen white; throat, breast and
sides bluish grey, lightest on the throat ; bill black ; tarsi and toes plumbeous
black.

First primary half the length of the second, the fourth longest, tail much
graduated. Length 4£ in. ; wing 1 1|; tail 1 Ig ; bill T7_ tarsi f.

Habitat. — Venezuela Collected by Mr. S. C. Nash.

Prof. Baird in "Review of American Birds," p. 67, (now in course of publi-
cation) has given a synopsis of the genus PAioptila, which he has divided into
three sections, as follows :

1. Whole top of head black.

2. Sides of head black ; top gray.

3. Top of head gray ; sides whitish.

The species now described cannot be placed in either of these, but will form
the foundation of a fourth section, having the entire crown dark plumbeous.

The color of the back and wing coverts comes nearest to that of 1'. leucogas-
ter, but is of a lighter shade ; below it is rather more plumbeous, and the
tail feathers are much narrower than in that species.

2. HYLOPHILUS ACDTICAUD0S.

Head above and hind neck olive brown ; back greenish olive, brownish on
the upper part, and gradually becoming brighter green on the rump ; tail dull

1865.]

38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

greenish olive, the shafts brown, the outer two feathers narrowly margined
on their inner wel>s with pale yellow ; quills dark umber brown, edged with
olive green ; sides of the head, throat and upper part of the breast dull ful-
vous ash ; breast and abdomen pale fulvous ; sides olive green ; under lining
of wings, inner edges of quills and under tail coverts pale yellow; upper
mandible light hazel brown, the under whitish ; tarsi and toes pale yellowish
brown.

The first primary is § of an inch long, or about half the length of the fourth,
which is the longest ; the tail feathers are relatively long, quite narrow and
pointed at their ends ; bill rather short. Length 4^ in.; wing 2 ; tail If;
billf ; tarsi Ii.

Habitat. — Venezuela. Collected by S. C. Nash,

In its narrow pointed tail feathers it appears to differ from all others that
I have seen.

3. Myiarchus venezuelensis.

Plumage above of a dark olivaceous brown, darker on the crown ; tail dark
umber brown, the outer feather with the outer web dull white, tinged with
brownish next the shaft ; the other tail feathers have a narrow edging of bright
rufous on their outer webs, the extreme ends of all dull white ; quill feathers
dark umber brown, the primaries with a very narrow margining of pale
rufous, the secondaries and tertiaries edged with white ; the wing coverts
dark brown with margins of soiled white ; under wing coverts pale yellow,
inner edges of quills pale buffy white ; throat, upper part and sides of breast
bluish grey, sides under the wings slightly olivaceous ; abdomen and under
tail coverts very pale yellow, a little brighter only in the middle of the former ;
bill and feet black. Fourth quill slightly the longest, first and ninth equal.
Length 7| in. ; wing 3^ ; tail 3£ ; bill II ; tarsi j.

Hnbitat. — Venezuela. Collected by S. C. Nash.

This species is closely related to my M. Panamensis ; it is a little smaller,
darker and more brown above, and the yellow of the under parts paler ; it
differs also in the bright rufous margins on the tail feathers, in the whiter
edges of the wing coverts and smaller quill feathers, and in having the feet
black ; it is likewise more grey on the breast.

Note. The typical specimen of M. Panamensis was not in very good con-
dition, the feathers of the wings and tail being somewhat worn ; since descri-
bing it I have received specimens in perfect plumage, which enable me to note
some differences as follows : the color of the back is olive green ; the throat
is of a lighter grey than in the type, and the sides of the breast are olive
green ; the edges of the tail feathers are dull olive with a slight sandy tinge
at the base, in the type from their worn and rusty appearance I described
them as edged with pale rufous, this edging, however, is slight and not at all
of marked character ; the outer web of the lateral feather is pale ashy brown :
the bill is dark brown, lighter underneath ; the tarsi, though at first sight
appearing black, have a tinge of dark reddish or vinous color ; this I find to
be their color also in the type. These differences are probably owing to the
season when killed.

The irides are stated by Mr. Galbraith to be brown. The sexes are alike in
plumage.

4. Chalybuka .eneicauda.

Mule. Plumage above and below shining dark green, the head, throat and
neck of a golden tinge, deepening to reddish orange on the front, chin and
throat ; upper tail coverts reddish or coppery bronze ; two middle tail feath-
ers coppery bronze (not so bright as the tail coverts), the other tail feathers
deep steel blue, all except the outer one margined with the same bronze color
as the central ones, decreasing in extent from the central feathers ; wings
brownish purple ; under tail coverts white ; bill black ; feet blackish brown,
the toes underneath pale yellow.

fFeb.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39

Length 5 in. ; wing 2' 3 ; tail If ; bill 1.

Habitat. — Venezuela. Collected by S. C. Nash.

This species is of the same size as C. Btffoni, which it also most resembles,
it differs from it in the golden hue of the front and throat, and in the decidedly
bronzed taiJ, the bronzing on the tail of Buffo ni being very slight, and is just
perceptible on the edges of some of the feathers.

G. urochri/sea, Gould, has the "tail rich golden bronze both above and
beneath," aud the " lower mandible fleshy red," whereas in my species the
upper surface of the tail only is bronzed, and the bill is wholly black.
5. Chalybura Carnioli.

Mule. Upper plumige dark green with a tinge of golden on the wing cov-
erts and lower part of the back ; upper tail coverts dark violet purple, the
tail has both the upper and under surface bronzed violet purple, lighter in
color than the coverts; wings brownish purple; throat of a shining deep
green ; breast and abdomen dull green ; under tail coverts dull violet purple :
upper mandible black, under yellow with the tip black ; tarsi and toes yellow.

Length 5 in. ; wing 2| ; tail 1| ; bill J.

The female differs in having the middle of the throat, the lower part of the
abdomen and the under tail coverts dull ash ; the outer three tail feathers
marked at their ends with pale ash, most so on the outer feather.

Habitat. — Costa Rica, Angostura. In museum of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.

This species appears to be somewhat like C. Isaurre in the coloring of the
tail, but differs remarkably from that species as well as from all others of the
genus, in having its under tail coverts of a dark color, instead of pure white.

I have named it in compliment to Mr. Julian Carniol whose large collections
sent to the Smithsonian Institution (containing many new species besides thi>)
give evidence of his energy and industry as an explorer.
(5. Panychlora parvirostris.

Female. Upper plumage of a rather light grass green with a golden tinge :
upper tail coverts and central feathers golden bronze, much deeper in color
on the coverts ; the other tail feathers are white at their bases for more than
half their length, succeeded by a broad band of brownish black and ending in
white, the outer feather being most largely tipped with white ; under surface
pale ashy grey ; under tail coverts white ; bill black ; toes blackish brown,
underneath pale yellow.

Length 3 in. ; wing If ; tail J ; bill J.

Habitat. — Costa Rica, Angostura. Collected by J. Carniol. Museum of
Smithsonian Institution.

The bill is strikingly small compared with that of P. AUci(v, although in
their other measurements they are much alike ; it also differs from the female
of that species in the upper tail coverts being golden orange instead of pure
green, and in the bases of the tail feathers being white instead of green. The
male will, without doubt, be found to possess the glittering green plumage of
its allies.

March 1th.
Vice-President Cassin in the Chair.
Eighteen members present.

March 14th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Twenty members present.
1865.]

40 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Special Meeting, March \Q>th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twentv-one members present.

The President announced the death of Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, aged
59 years, at Newark, Del., on the 15th inst., at 7 J o'clock, A. M., of
typhus fever. A Committee having been appointed to draught a series
of resolutions in reference to the sad event, the following were pre-
sented and adopted :

Whereas, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia having sustained
a most serious loss in the death of its late distinguished President, Thomas B.
Wilson, M. D.,

Resolved, That our late fellow member, Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, is eminently
entitled to be regarded as the most judicious and liberal patron of the zoolo-
gical sciences that our country has yet produced, and that we have heard his
death announced with sentiments of the most profound sorrow.

Resolved, That in his great abilities and vast scientific acquirements, as well
as in all the relations of private life, we recognize in Dr. Wilson the character
of a true man of genius, a thorough, earnest and most conscientious cultivator
and friend of the sciences, and a most valuable and patriotic citizen.

Resolved, That in the infancy of the study of the natural sciences in the
United States, the gratuitous and ready aid afforded by Dr. Wilson con-
tributed largely to that development of those sciences which now places this
Academy in rank with similar institutions of the old world.

Resolved, That the liberality of Dr. Wilson to this Academy, and the large
facilities thereby provided for study and research, do fully entitle him to the
unqualified gratitude, not only of our members, but of all students of the
natural sciences in this country, and that we are justified in regarding and
we sincerely recommend our successors as members of this Academy to regard,
his munificent and unparalleled contributions to our library, and especially
to our museum, (nearly the whole of which, in several departments, we owe
to his liberality), as an honorable and perpetual monument to his zeal in
behalf of the natural sciences.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented to each of the bro-
thers and sisters of Dr. Wilson, and that they be published in the public
journals of this city and in the scientific journals of the United States.

On resolution of the Academy, the President appointed Mr. Cassin
to prepare a memoir of Dr. Wilson, to be published in the Proceed-
ings :

On motion, it was resolved to adjourn to meet in the Hall of the
Academy on Saturday, 18th inst., at 2\ o'clock, P. M., to attend the
funeral of Dr. Wilson.

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 41

March ISth.
The President, Dr. Bridges in the Chair.

Twenty-eight members present.

This meeting having been held for the purpose of attending the
funeral of our late lamented and distinguished member, Dr. Thomas
B. Wilson, it was immediately adjourned for that purpose.

March 21st.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eighteen members present.

A paper was presented for publication entitled " Notice of some new
types of Organic Remains from the Coal Measures of Illinois." By
F. B. Meek and A. H. Worthen.

March 28th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Fifteen members present.

On the report of the Committee, the following paper was ordered to
be published :

Notice of some New Types of Organic Eemains, from the Coal Measures of

Illinois.

BY P. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN.

The fossils described in this paper were discovered at a locality on the
south side of the Illinois River, at Morris, Grundy County, Illinois, near the
northern boundary of the Coal Measures of that State. This locality is al-
ready well known from the numerous beautiful specimens of fossil ferns it has
afforded, as well as from the discovery there of a remarkable extinct Neurop-
terous Insect, described by Prof. Dana in vol. xxxvi. 2d ser. p. 34, Am. Journ.
Sci. The bed from which all these interesting fossils were obtained, holds
a position near the base of the Illinois Coal Measures, somewhat above the
horizon of the second seam of coal. At the out-crop, where these specimens
were collected, a thickness of about twenty feet of strata is exposed, consisting
of sandy shale, passing downwards into a more argillaceous shale, forming the
bed of a small stream ; while a short distance further down this little stream,
and at a lower horizon, a thin seam of coal crops out. No workable beds of
coal are known in the State north of this County, and the Coal Measures here
rest directly upon Silurian Rocks.

The fossils at this locality are immediately enveloped in biscuit-shaped
iron-stone nodules. These nodules are not generally composed of concentric
layers, but show, on weathered surfaces, a tendency to a laminated structure,
the planes of lamination being flat, parallel lo the greater diameter of the con-
cretions, and probably also coincident with those of the shale, as they lie in
the bed. On breaking open these concretions, the laminated structure is gen-
erally found not to extend within ; the interior having a homogeneous, rather
compact structure, and a grey or brownish grey color, (the iron beis:g usu-

1865.]

42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

ally in the condition of a carbonate), while more or less arenaceous and ar-
gillaceous matters also enter into their composition. Some of the concre-
tions seem to contain no organic remains, but often in breaking open others, a
fossil is found to have formed the nucleus around which the concretionary
action took place.

It is an interesting fact that we find here, near the base of the Illinois Coal
Measures, a species of the remarkable genus Bellinurus, an intermediate link,
(hitherto only known to occur in the lower Coal Measures of England and Ire.
land,) between the older Trilobites, and the existing genus Limulus. In Eng-
land it is found enveloped in similar iron-stone nodules, at Cole-Brook-Dale,
where three species have been discovered, one of which [B. bcllulus, Koenig,
= B. rotundatus, Prestwich) is closely related to our Illinois species.

We likewise find at the Morris locality a species of the genus Anthrapalse-
mon, Salter, (or a closely allied type) which in Scotland also occurs in the
lower Coal Measures, while neither of these genera are known in the subcar-
boniferous, or any lower formation. These facts furnish additional evi-
dences, if any were necessary, (coinciding with all the other palaeontological,
as well as stratigraphical, evidence) of the fallacy of an opinion recently ex-
pressed by a writer in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of France, that
our western Coal Measures, and particularly those of Illinois and the adjoin-
ing States, belong not to the horizon of the true Coal Measures of Europe,
but to the subcarboniferous or mouhtain limestone series.

In a paper by one of the writers, published in the March number of the
American Journal of Science, 1865, after speaking of the general distribu-
tion of marine remains in our western Coal Measures, he remarked (which
was strictly in accordance with his observations up to that time) that after
more than twenty years familiarity with the fossils of the coal formation of
the Western States, he had never seen amongst them any terrestrial or fresh-
water types, other than plants. Since investigating the fossils described in
this paper, however, amongst which it will be seen there is believed to be a
Caterpillar, we can but regard the Morris bed as an exception to this general
rule. If the fossil to which we allude is a true Caterpillar, its presence there,
along with the insect described by Prof. Dana, would indicate that this bed
was probably deposited in an estuary, into which this little worm- like larva,
and the other insect, were doubtless carried from the land by an inflowing
stream or the ebbing tide. This suggestion also receives some support from
the affinities of the associated Crustacea, since the genus Bellinurus, from its
relations to the existing genus Limulus, might have been capable of living at
least in brackish waters, although the English species are associated with
marine forms. The genus Anthrupalsemon is also supposed, by Prof. Dana, to
have been related to JEglea, a fresh-water type. In addition to these facts, no
unquestionable, strictly marine forms of any kind have, so far as we know,
been yet found in this bed.

The existence of this exceptional case (if it is such) of terrestrialand fresh
or brackish-water fossils in our western Coal Measures, has no bearing, how-
ever, against the general conclusions in connection with which the statement
above alluded to was made ; nor even, indeed, against the general accuracy
of the statement itself, since the fact of the almost exclusive and general
distribution of marine animal remains in our western Coal Measures, stands
unshaken.

The fossils here noticed will be fully illustrated and described, and such
additional facts given as we'may in the mean time learn from other speci-
mens, in the forthcoming report of the Illinois Geological Survey, for the
publication of which we are happy to announce the Legislature has made a
liberal appropriation.

We are indebted to Prof. Dana for the use of several specimens of some
of the Crustacea described in this paper, as well as for suggestions in regard
to their affinities; also to Dr. Stimpson for suggestions respecting the same.

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43

We are likewise under obligations to Mr. Joseph Evans, of Morris, Illinois,
who first discovered the fossils at this locality, for the use of several speci-
mens. Amongst others, the form we have supposed to be a Caterpillar and
that we have referred to Anthrapalcemon, belonging to him.

CRUSTACEA.

ENTOMOSTRACA.

XYPHOSURA.

Genus BELLINURUS, Koenig.

Not having had an opportunity to consult Kcenig's original diagnosis of
this genus, nor indeed a good description of it by any other author, we
are not aware what characters were assigned it, or how its author proposed
to distinguish it from the existing genus Limulus. Most authors, including
Milne Edwards, Bronn, Prestwich, Mantell, Portlock, Murchison and others,
referred the species to Limulus, though Portlock in doing so remarks that the
distinct trilobation and segmencation of the abdomen in these fossil species,
seem to constitute a generic distinction. Pictet admits the genus in his
Trait de Palceont., ii. 538, and remarks that it is distinguished from Limulus " by
the articulation of the tail, and above all by the abdominal buckler presenting
two distinct longitudinal furrows." Prof. Owen also admits the genus, in his
valuable " Palaeontology, or Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals," (p. 43)
and says it differs from the " King-Crab, {Limulus) in the movable condition
of the body segments."

A careful study, however, of fine specimens of the species described below,
has satisfied us that the segments of its abdomen are not movable, but as
firmly and completely united into a single shield as in the genus Limulus. We
are, therefore, led to believe that this genus is mainly distinguished from Lim-
ulus, (so far as its characters have yet been made out) by the more transverse
form of its cephalo-thoracic shield, its proportionally much longer and more
slender legs*, the transversely or subcircular form, and distinct trilobation
and segmentation (not complete division, however,) of its abdomen ; as well
as by its flattened borders without movable spines. There are also some dif-
ferences in the more anterior position of the eyes, the stronger and more con-
tinuous character of the ocular ridges, as well as in the subdivisions of the
area circumscribed by these ridges in Bellinurus. Other differences, of perhaps
greater importance, will probably be observed, when the appendages of the
under side can be seen.

None of our specimens are in a condition to show the small anterior pair of
simple eyes, though from the general analogy of this interesting crustacean
to the genus Limulus, it is more than probable better specimens may show
them. And yet it is possible, from the more anterior position of the eyes,
corresponding to the larger reticulated pair in the genus Limulus, that the
small supplementary pair may not have been needed. As in LAmulus, it shows
a row of six small pits in each of the longitudinal furrows of the abdomen,
marking the position of the muscular apophyses within ; while the condyle,
for the articulation of the abdomen with the cephalothorax, seems to agree
exactly with that of Limulus.

We are not aware of the nature of the peculiarities in the articulation of
the caudal segment mentioned by Pictet, none of our specimens being in a
condition to show the connection of these parts satisfactorily, while he does
not explain in what the difference consists.

*One of our specimens of the following described species, as well as one of B. anthrax, figured
by Prestwieh, (Trans. Geol. Soc, London, v. p. xli. fig 1,) shows that at least one pair of the legs
(if they were articulated around the mouth, at the middle of the cephalothorax, as in Limulus)
must have been quite as long as the abdominal and cephalothoracic shields together; which would
be proportionally more than twice the length of any of the legs in Limulus.

1865.]

44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Bbllinuros Dan^i, M. & W. V

Cephalo-thoracic shield transversely crescentric, more than twice as wide
as long, moderately convex, the height nearly equalling half its length ; ante-
rior and antero-lateral margins broadly and regularly rounded ; lateral angles
produced obliquely backwards and outwards, with a very slight inward curve,
into slender mucronate spines, terminating remote from, and nearly opposite
the middle of the abdomen ; posterior margin on each side for about two-
thirds of the way in from the lateral angles, toward the middle, concave in
outline ; nearly straight or very slightly concave along the middle between
these two points. Mesial lobe small, somewhat lower than the ocular ridge
on either side, but rounded and well defined behind, where it supports a small
central tubercle (or short spine?), thence narrowing forward, and sometimes
showing a slight tendency to develope a second much smaller tubercle, at
about one-third the length of the shield from its posterior margin ; near
which point it suddenly contracts into a mere linear carina that extends
forward to the anterior transverse division of the ocular ridge. Area cir-
cumscribed by the ocular ridge, crown-shaped, or subquadrangular in out-
line, and composing the central third of the cephalo-thoracic shield ; a little
wider anteriorly than its length, which equals about five-sixths that of the
shield ; lateral margins concave in outline ; anterior side convex, with a
central emargination ; internal surface divided into four irregular subordi-
nate areas, by the mesial lobe with its linear anterior continuation, and a
less distinctly defined, secondary transverse linear ridge. Ocular ridge
narrow, but distinct, its lateral divisions arching inwards behind the eyes,
and terminating posteriorly at the margin of the shield nearly opposite the
middle of each lateral lobe of the abdomen, in a (triangular ?) spine, which is
directed backwards, outwards and a little upwards ; anterior transverse di-
vision arching forwards on each side, and curving backwards in the middle.
Compound ? eyes small, remote, and located one at each antero-lateral angle
of the crown-shaped central area, at points about one-third the length of the
shield from its anterior margin. (Simple eyes, if they existed, unknown.)

Abdomen transversely suboval, or truncato-subcircular in outline, being
wider than long, and nearly straight anteriorly, with lateral margins rounding
in abruptly in front, and more gradually into the regularly rounded posterior
outline ; generally rather more depressed than the cephalo-thorax, particularly
in'front. Flattened lateral border rather narrow, and regularly scolloped be-
tw'een its projecting marginal spines. Mesial lobe narrow, or of about the
same breadth as that of the cephalo-thorax, and near half as broad as, aud a
little more elevated than, the lateral lobes ; segments well defined ; first and
third each provided with a small central tubercle ; sixth as long as any three
of the others, rather abruptly narrowed and depressed behind, and surmounted
anteriorly by a large tubercle (or spine ?). Lateral lobes somewhat flattened
on the inner half, and rounding down rather abruptly to the flattened free
borders on each side and behind ; segments defined by distinct linear ridges,
which are separated by flattened spaces four or five times as wide; these
ridges extend obliquely outwards and a little backwards across the lateral
lobes and their flattened borders, beyond which they are produced into slender
mucronate spines, of nearly equal length, curved obliquely backwards.

Caudal segment, or stylet, apparently nearly two-thirds as long as the ab-
domen ; gradually tapering, and trigonal or sub-trigonal, being flat below,
angular on each side, and angular or rounded above.

Appendages of the under side unknown, excepting one of the legs, which
is seen in one specimen, projecting out from under the cephalo-thoracic
shield, between its posterior margin and the abdomen. It is long and slender,
and shows of the first segment projecting from under the shield, a length of
about 0-12 inch. The next segment appears to be 0-25 inch in length,
with a breadth of only 004 inch. The succeeding segment can be traced in

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 45

the matrix for a distance of about 0-30 inch, being slightly curved near the
extremity, and apparently tapering to a point, this was probably also pro-
vided with a movable finger as in Limulus, but the specimen is not in a con-
dition to show it. It is not possible to determine which one of the legs this is.

Entire length from the extremity of the caudal segment to the anterior
margin of the cephalo-thorax, about 1-90 inches. Length of cephalo-thorax,
0-51 inch, breadth of do. to the extremities of postero-lateral spines, 1-70
inches ; length of area included within the ocular ridge, 0-50 inch ; greatest
breadth of do. (which is the distance between the eyes,) 0.60 inch. Length
of abdomen, 0*65 inch ; breadth of do., exclusive of the flattened margin, 0-94
inch, including it, 1-06 inch; breadth of mesial lobe, 0-23 inch ; length of
caudal segment, about 0-60 inch.

Of the known species of Bellinurus, ours seems to be most nearly related to
B. bellulus, Koenig, (the type of the genus, if we mistake not), which is re-
garded as being identical with Limulus rotundatus, of Prestwich, (Trans. Geol.
Soc, London, v. p. 413, pi. XLI. figs. 4, 6 and 7.) From this species, however, it
may be at once distinguished by having the lateral angles of its cephalo-thorax
produced into long, slender spines, and the flattened border of its abdomen
proportionally much narrower, and armed with a series of sharp-curved
spines, instead of being merely serrated.

We should also remark here, that Prof. Owen's figure of B. bellulus, (Palae-
ontology, p. 42,) as well as that given by Murchison of the same, under Prest-
wich's name rotundatus, (Siluria, p. 318,) represent the eyes as being located
at the lateral extremities of a large, transversely oval or subelliptical area ;
while within this, there is a smaller, crown-shaped area, circumscribed by a
ridge, and in all its principal features, corresponding to that which in our
species has the eyes located at its anterior lateral angles. This wide dif-
ference in the position of the eyes, as well as in the ridges of the central
region of the cephalo-thoracic shield, if they really exist, would apparently
be of more than specific importance. The close general agreement, however,
of these forms, in all their other essential characters, renders it very impro-
bable that they belong to different genera. Hence, we would suggest that
there may have been some error in the figures cited above, representing the
eyes (which are with difficulty seen in any but well preserved specimens) in
this outer position, and the presence of a large outer ocular area surrounding
that corresponding to the quadrangular one in our species. We are the more
inclined to think this is the case, from the fact that Owen's and Murehison's
figures appear to have been reduced from Prestwich's figures 5 and 6, cited
above ; which represent the two halves of a nodule, containing a specimen
and its mould, of B. bellulus, with a large transversely oval space in the cen-
tral region of the cephalo-thorax, as we must think, accidentally crushed in.
This view seems to be sustained, too, by Mantell's figures of the same species,
from specimens collected by him at the same locality, (see Medals of Crea-
tion, p. 550,) which show no traces of this outer transversely oval ocular
area.

In the elongated, spine-like character of the lateral angle of its cephalo-
thoracic shield, as well as in having the margins of the abdomen armed with
sharp spines, our species agrees more nearly with B. anthrax (= Limulus an-
thrax, Prestwich), but it differs in the form of the outline of the anterior side
of the cephalo-thorax, as well as in the direction of its prolonged lateral
angles, and its less produced spines around the flattened margins of the ab-
domen. Hence, it appears to be intermediate in its characters between B.
anthrax and B. bellulus.

We are gratified to be able to dedicate this fine species, the first of the
genus hitherto discovered in America, to Prof James D. Dana, the author of
one of the most important works on the Crustacea ever published ; to whom
we are indebted for the loan of one of the specimens from which the fore-
going description was drawn up.

1865.]

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

TETRADECAPODA.
ISOPODA.

(ANISOPODA.)
? Family ACANTHOTELSONIDJE.
Genus ACANTHOTELSON, Meek & Worthen.

Superior antennae nearly as long as the inferior, and provided with well
developed accessory appendages ; flagella of both pairs longer than the pe-
duncles ; head about equalling the length of the first two anterior thoracic
segments. Thoracic and abdominal segments (except the last one) not dif-
fering materially in length, and each shorter than the head. Anterior thora-
cic legs longer than the others, not chelate. Telson or terminal segment
eimple, long, spiniform, and laterally compressed. Stylets with second seg-
ments (bifid?) much longer than the first, and similar to the telson.

The fact that the oral apparatus, and other appendages of the head, as
well as the branchiae, always so important in the classification of the Crus-
tacea, are so rarely preserved in fossil species, especially those of smaller
sizes, renders their study more difficult than that of most other organic re-
mains. Hence, in describing new species, genera, or other groups, the palae-
ontologist is often unable to give any information in regard to the very parts
that would be the first to claim the attention of the Carcinologist in the in-
vestigation of recent species. Another difficulty also arises from the fact
that, as in other departments of palaeontology, it often happens in the study
of fossil Crustacea, we meet with types presenting a combinatiou of cha-
racters which in existing species are distributed in widely distinct groups.
So that on finding a new type showing only a part of its characters, we
would often be led at once to place it in a group with which probably the
next specimen found would show it to possess some one or more wholly in-
compatible peculiarities.

On first examining specimens of the typical species of the genus above
described, our impression was, that it must be, beyond all doubt, a true Am-
phipod. A more careful examination, however, soon showed that it presented
the radical difference from all the known types of that extensive group, of
having only one pair of the abdominal appendages styliform, and the other
five natatory, instead of three pairs styliform and three natatory ; thus com-
bining with its Amphipodan abdomen, thorax, head, anterior appendages, and
general physiognomy, the single pair of styliform appendages of the hopoda.

Being therefore left in doubt in regard to its affinities, we sent sketches of
some of the best specimens to Prof. Dana, who had also previously received
some imperfect specimens of the same species from Illinois. On examining
these sketches and specimens, Prof. Dana wrote that he thinks this crusta-
cean most probably belongs to a group holding an intermediate position be-
tween the typical hopoda and the Amphipoda, for which he has proposed the
name Anisopoda. This intermediate group, as first shown by Prof. Dana, is
characterized, like the Amphipoda, by having the three posterior pairs of
thoracic legs in one series, and the four anterior in another ; while, as in the
hopoda, the branchiae are abdominal, and only one pair of abdominal appen-
dages are styliform, and five branchial.

In regard to the division of the thoracic legs into two series, we would
remark, that we have observed no evidences of it in all the specimens we
have seen, excepting one of those kindly loaned us by Prof. Dana. In this,
however, four pairs of these legs seem to be directed backwards, and only
three forward; which, if not produced by accidental distortion, would indi-
cate Jsopod affinities. Yet, in all the other specimens seen, the whole seven
pairs are directed forward. Although much inclined to believe the latter
their normal arrangement, it should be remembered, as suggested by Prof.

[Mar,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47

Dana, that however important this character may be in the study of the re-
cent Tetradecapod Crustacea, it can scarcely be made available in the inves-
tigation of crushed fossil species, where so many accidents might have oc-
curred to place the legs in an unnatural position.

We have not been able to clearly satisfy ourselves whether or not our crus-
tacean had squamiformly developed epimerals, as in the normal groups of
Amphipoda ; though some of the specimens appear to show indications of
such development; while the shortening of the vertical diameter of the tho-
racic segments, as compared with those of the abdomen, would seem to be,
as it were, an arrangement to make room for such scale-like epimerals. In
addition to this, the fact that all of the six or eight specimens we have yet
seen, lie in the concretions upon one side or the other, would appear to indi-
cate that the lateral motion of the thoracic legs was in some way restrained
so as to prevent the animal from taking an erect position, which is precisely
the effect produced in the normal Amphipoda by the possession of well de-
veloped squamose epimerals. If this should prove to be the case, it would
show that the remarkable combination of Amphipod and Isopod, or Anisopod
characters, already alluded to in this fossil, are real, and not simulative ;
since it would thus present mainly the anterior structure (possibly even to
the thoracic position of the branchiae) of a normal Amphipod, combined with
the single pair of styliform, and five natatory abdominal appendages of the
Itsopoda or Anisopoda.

It must be evident, we think, that such an ensemble of characters as that
presented by our fossil, would exclude it from any known family of the Te-
tradecapoda ; hence we can but regard it as the type of a new family.

ACANTHOTELSON SlIMPSONII, M. & W.

Linear or sublinear in form. Upper antennas at least as long as the head
and first five thoracic segments ; peduncle moderately stout, rather longer than
the head ; first joint a little longer and wider than the two others, which are
of nearly equal length ; flagellum slender and very minutely jointed ; acces-
sory appendage nearly or quite as long as the flagellum, and like it,
minutely jointed. Inferior antennae as long as the head and seven thoracic
segments; peduncle slightly longer, but otherwise similar to that of the
upper antenna? ; flagellum a Utile stouter and longer, but in other respects as in
the upper pair. Head, as seen in the (compressed) side view, subquadrangular,
longer on the upper than the lower side, in consequence of the obliquity of
anterior side ; eyes small, round, placed just below the bases of the upper
antennae. The (fourteen) thoracic and abdominal segments distinct, and
(excepting the last one) of nearly equal length, — a few of those nearest the
head being a little shorter than the others ; all diminishing in depth (side
view) from about the antepenultimate one forward ; their anterior baBal
margins rounded ; posterior rectangular, or a little rounded.

First pair of thoracic legs about one-fourth longer, and a little stouter than
the succeeding five pairs, and apparently terminating in a slender, sharp
dactylus ; first joint above, a little shorter, narrower, and more tapering than
the next — neither more enlarged than the other joints above. Five succeed-
ing pairs of legs of nearly equal size and form ; their upper two (or three?)
joints very short, and not enlarged ; seventh pair nearly as long as the first,
and more slender than the others. Natatory abdominal appendages long and
slender; styliform pair with first joint short and quadrangular; second and
only other joint (double ?) with each branch (if there are two) simple, equal
and as long as the telson, which they nearly exactly resemble in form ; their
upper and lower margins each with a row of short, oblique, rather distant
setae, between which may be seen by the aid of a magnifier, a series of much
more minute, closely-arranged seta?. Telson as long as the last four abdomi-
nal segments ; at its base one-half as wide, vertically, as the penultimate

1865.]

48 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

abdominal segment; thence tapering, at first rapidly, and then very gradu-
ally, to a mucronate point, — upper and lower margins setigerous, like those of
the stylets.

It is possible that when we can have an opportunity to examine additional
specimens, we may have to modify some of the characters given in the fore-
going generic or specific description ; though not, we believe, in any very
essential particular. We hope, however, to be able, hereafter, to clear up
several doubtful points in the structure of this interesting type, when we can
have better specimens for study.

Length from anterior side of head to the extremity of the penultimate ab-
dominal segment 1.30 inches ; length of telson 0-31 inch ; length of the first
six abdominal segments 0*52 inch ; length of the seven thoracic segments
about 0-64 inch. Height of third abdominal segment 0-20 ; height of each
first two or three thoracic segments 0-12 inch ; length of stylets about 0-31
inch, of which the first joint forms only about 0-06 inch. Length of outer
antennae, including its peduncle, 0-66 inch.

It is with pleasure that we dedicate this typical species of a new and
remarkable extinct genus to our friend Dr. William Stimpson, whose labors
in carcinology, and various other departments of zoology, are well known
iu this country and Europe.

ACANTHOTELSON IN^EQUALIS, M. & W.

The specimen upon which we propose to found this species, appears to
agree with the last in almost every respect, excepting in the proportional
size and the form of the segments. In the first place, the penultimate ab-
dominal segment is nearly twice the length of any of the others, instead of
being nearly or quite of the same length ; while the other abdominal seg-
ments (as seen in a side view) are more cuneiform than in the last. Again,
the fifth and sixth thoracic segments are longer, particularly above, and the
fourth shorter, than any of the others, instead of all being of about the same
length. We have not been able to see the stylets, nor to make out the nature
of the legs, but from a part of one of those of the anterior pair, they would
seem to be rather stouter than in the last described species.

As these differences can scarcely be due to accidental distortion, we can
but regard this form, with the material now at hand for comparison, as a
distinct species. If we are correct in this view, it is probable good examples
will show other differences than those mentioned above.

Length of head, thorax and abdomen 0-90 inch ; length of head 0-12 inch ;
length of the seven thoracic segments about 0-50 ; length of first five ab-
dominal segments 0-26 inch ; length of penultimate abdominal segment 0-09.
Height of third abdominal segment (flattened side view) 0-13 inch ; height of
anterior thoracic segments about 0 07 inch. Length of lower antennae at least
0-43 inch ; length of upper not less than 0-36 inch, and probably a little
more.

? Family PAL.EOCARIDJE.

Genus PALJ30CARIS, Meek k Worthen.

Inner and outer pairs of antennas of nearly equal length, the former each
bearing a well developed accessory appendage ; peduncles of both pairs
shorter than the flagella. Head about as long as the first two abdominal
segments. Thoracic legs long and slender ; anterior pair not chelate. Tel-
son long, tapering and horizontally flattened ; stylets with first joint very
small, second double, and also flattened horizontally.

This is another remarkable type, presenting, so far as can be determined,
even a more puzzling combination of characters than that we have described
under the name Ac.anthotelson. In the nature of its antennae, with their ap-
parently well-developed basal scales, the structure of its caudal appendages,
and its lono-, slender legs, spread out on each side, for walking in an erect

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49

attitude ; as well as in the depressed, slender form of its abdomen and thorax,
U seems to present decidedly the aspect of a Macrural Decapod. Yet, on a
closer examination, we can see no traces of a carapace, — the thorax being
apparently divided into seven segments, like those of the abdomen, and each
provided with a pair of legs, as in the Tetradecapoda. If we are not mistaken
in these latter characters, and we certainly believe we are not, it must show
a most extraordinary union of characters, which, amongst recent Crustacea,
belong to different primary divisions. From all that can be made out of its
structure, we are therefore inclined to view it as one of the " embryonic" or
" comprehensive" types, so often met with in various departments of palaeon-
tology, and which furnish the advocates of the Darwinian hypothesis with
some of their strongest arguments.

For the present, this genus is placed, provisionally, along with the Tetra-
decapoda, though it cannot, we think, be included in any known family of
that division ; while if it should prove to be an embryonic or low type of the
Decapoda, it may be even necessary to establish for its reception, a division
of more than family importance. It is proper to remark here, however,
that we have not seen any one specimen showing the caudal appendages we
have described, along with the other characters of the thoracic and cephalic
members, mentioned above. One imperfect specimen shows the seven tho-
racic and five or six of the abdominal segments, with their legs and nata-
tory appendages, the head, antennae, and apparently their basal scales;
while another shows the caudal appendages, and all of the thoracic and
abdominal segments, very distinctly, without any of the other members.
The general agreement, however, of these specimens, in the parts preserved
in each, is such that scarcely a doubt can be entertained that they belong
to the same species. Yet, in order to prevent confusion, we would remark,
that in case they should prove to belong to different genera, or species,
that it is the form showing the head, antennae, thoracic and abdominal
segments, with their appendages, &c, that we regard as the type of the genus.

Pal^iocaris typos, M. & W.

Linear, with thorax slightly wider near the middle than the abdomen ;
thoracic and abdominal segments of nearly equal length. Inner antennae
equalling the length of the head and thorax ; peduncles stout, first joint a little
longer and wider than either of the other two, which are of nearly equal
length, aud minutely and closely setigerous on their inner margins ; flagel-
lum very slender, and minutely jointed ; accessory appendage nearly or quite
as long as the flagellum, and scarcely differing from it otherwise. Outer
antenna possibly a little longer than the others, peduncles slightly longer
than those of the other pair, and like them minutely setigerous in front ;
basal scales (?) oblong, about as long as first joint of peduncles, squarely trun-
cated. Thoracic legs slender and long, anterior ones apparently not longer
or larger than the others, none of them (so far as can be seen) chelate, or
with any of the segments enlarged ; all the others with the first two or three
joints very short ; fourth ? joint horizontally extended, tapering, and about as
long as four segments of the body; succeeding joints (in the specimen ex-
amined) very slender and abruptly bent downwards and backwards. Na-
tatory abdominal appendages acutely lancelinear, and some of them as long
as four of the abdominal segments. Telson nearly as broad at the base as
the penultimate segment, tapering, and as long as two and a half of the
abdominal segments ; minutely setigerous on each side. Stylets, with first
joint very minute; second with each division as long as the telson, and lan-
celinear in form, with pointed extremities, and parallel, more or less setiger-
ous margins.

Length of head, thorax, and first six abdominal segments, 0-78 inch ; do.
of head, 012 inch; do. of the seven thoracic segments, 0-35 inch ; do. of

1865.] 4

50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

the first six abdominal segments, about 0-31. Length of telson, about 0*14
inch ; do. of stylets, near 0-13 inch. Length of lower or outer antennae, not
less than 0-38 inch, (probably more), of which the peduncle forms 0-15 inch ;
do. of inner, near 0*40 inch. Breadth of thorax, 0-13 inch.

DECAPODA.

MACRURA.

? Genus ANTHRAPALiEMON, Salter, 1861.

The genus Anthrapahcmon was proposed by Mr. Salter in the Quarterly Jour-
nal of tbe Geological Society of London, vol. xvii., p. 529, for the reception
of a Crustacean from the Coal Measures of Scotland. His description of the
genus reads as follows : —

" Carapace scarcely so broad as long, (except when crushed flat), simple,
Hatter than semicylindrical, the sides a little arched outwards. A strong
central ridge in front, projecting as a thick (serrate?) spine is separated by a
concave space, or slight furrow, from a posterior central ridge, which only
occupies (in the type species, Grossarii) a small portion of the length. Front
margin serrated. The outer antennas have wide, square basal joints, appar-
ently without any advantage ;* the 2d and 3d joints not much oblique ; the rest
about as broad as long. Abdomen as broad as long, of six joints (besides
the telson), broad and very short ; the pleurae, except the 2d, pointed. Tel-
son very broad ; appendages to the penultimate joint, double on each side,
subtrigonal, broad."

The name Anthrapalxmon was proposed from its supposed affinities to the
recent genus Palxmon, but Prof. Dana thinks it more nearly related to uftjlea
and Galathea.

Anthkapal.emon gracilis, M. & W.

It is with considerable doubt that we venture to refer this species to Mr.
Salter's genus, the only specimen we have seen being imperfect, and not in a
condition to show the more important characters. In form and general
appearance, however, as well as in such of its details .as can be made out, it
seems to agree well with that genus. The specimen consists of the abdomen
and caudal appendages, (in a crushed condition), and an impression in the
matrix of the under side of the carapace, the outer pair of antennas, and ap-
parently of the eyes. The carapace, as seen from above, presents nearly an
oblong form, excepting that the lateral margins are moderately convex in
outline; the two extremities are truncated, and the breadth nearly or quite
equalling three-fourths the length. Its lateral margins, in front of the mid-
dle, are each finely serrated by six small, sharp, projecting points as in the
type of the genus, excepting that they are sharper, and directed more oblique-
ly forward. At each antero-lateral angle, there is also a considerably larger
projecting point, forming a short spine, exactly as in the type of the genus,
excepting that it is extended more nearly directly forward. The outer pair
of antennae are moderately stout: each peduncle showing three joints, di-
minishing rather gradually in size, the first longer than wide, and the other
two apparently of nearly equal length and breadth, aud obliquely articulated.
The flagellum is narrower at its base than the last joint of the peduncle, and
composed of very short segments, which are scarcely more than one third as
long as wide. The entire length of the antennas cannot be determined, as
neither flagellum is entire in the specimen examined, but as the portion re-
maining tapers very gradually, they were probably rather long. They are
both, in the specinu-D examined, deflected abruptly outwards, nearly at right
angles to the longer diameter of the carapace, which would seem from the

He not this a misprint of the word appendage t

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 51

oblique articulation of the second and third joints of the peduncles, to be
their natural position. (Inner antennae unknown.)

Immediately between the bases of the two outer antennae, the specimen
shows what appear to be impressions of the two globose eyes, which with
their peduncles extend forward about two-thirds as far as the peduncles of
the antennre. These may possibly be the peduncles of the inner antennae;
but they look very much like globular eyes, on more slender peduncles.

The abdomen is more than half the length, and about two-thirds the
breadth, of the widest part of the carapace. It shows five short segments,
and apparently part of another, the first of which is a little smaller, and the
second a little larger than the others. None of them, however, are more than
one-fifth as long as the breadth of the abdomen.

The caudal appendages being unfortunately bent down and crushed,
it is not possible to make out the form of the telson or the details of the
other parts, though the whole together seem to have been wider than the
abdomen, and as wide as the carapace. No surface sculpturing can be clear-
ly made out, though there is some appearance of a few irregular scattering
granules near the margins of the carapace. (Other parts unknown )

Entire length, from the stalked eyes? to the extremity of the caudal ap-
pendages, about 1-13 inches; length of carapace, 0-63 inch ; breadth of do.
near the middle, 0-45 inch; at the extremities 0-31 inch; length of abdo-
men, 0-30 inch ; breadth of do. near the middle, 0-26 inch. Length of pe-
duncles of the antenna? 0-15 inch ; do. of eyes ? and their peduncles, 0-13 inch.

It will be observed from the foregoing description that our specimen
shows no traces of the central spine or beak, extending forward from the
anterior extremity of the carapace, nor of the longitudinal carina connected
with it, which constitutes such a marked feature in Anlhrapalsemon. It is
possible, however, that this character may have been obliterated in breaking
open the concretion, since our specimen only shows an impression of the
under side of the carapace, while the appendage alluded to projects forward
from the upper side, and may consequently be embedded in the other half of
the concretion, which we have been unable to obtain. Still as it is possible
that this appendage may be wauting in our fossil, we should not be sur-
prised if it would prove to belong to an allied but distinct genus.

Specifically at least, it differs from A. Grossartii, of Salter, in the propor-
tionally much shorter joints of the flagella of its outer antennae, and the
oblique articulations of the segments of their peduncles ; while the latter, as
well as the surface of other parts, are without any traces of the fine pitting
represented by Mr. Salter's figures. Our specimen also shows traces of what
appear to be squarely truncated basal scales to the outer antennae, about as
long as their first joints, while. Mr. Salter's figure (1), represents apparently
a triangular scale over the left antenna.

Length from the end of the caudal extremity, to the anterior margin of the
carapace, 1 inch. Length of carapace, 060 inch; breadth of do. 0-43 inch.
Length of abdomen, about 030 inch; breadth of do. 0-27 inch. Length of
caudal appendages, 0-10 inch.

MYRIAPODA.

? Genus ANTHRACERPES, Meek & Worthen.

Anthracrrpes typus, M. & W.

This genus and species are founded upon a slender worm-like fossil, the
relations of which have not been very clearly determined. The specimen
consists of a well defined mo^ld or impression left in a concretion, and meas-
ures 1-50 inches in length, and about 0-09 inch in breadth, (height) as seen
lying upon one side. It is regularly arched from end to end, so as to form
about one-third of a circle of 0-65 inch radius. For most of its length, it is

1865.]

52 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

of very uniform breadth or height, but it tapers very gradually towards
what appears to be the posterior end, where the last segment terminates in
three or four short, slender, spine-like appendages, directed backwards on a
line with the general curve of the body. The other end being broken away
in the only specimen yet known, the nature of the head and its appendages
cannot be determined.

The entire body is distinctly articulated, and shows clearly nineteen seg-
ments, and part of another. The segments are of nearly uniform size, or
only vary from 008 to 0-10 inch in length ; the last one, however, has only a
breadth or height of about 0 03 inch, and the next about twice that. Cross-
ing the segments near the upper side, may be seen in the mould an undefined
furrow, (produced by a ridge in the fossil itself) which bends downwards
and then up again as it passes across from side to side of each segment.
Anteriorly it is less distinct and placed very near the dorsal margin, but
in tracing it backwards it is found to descend and become more defined, until
it reaches the fourth segment from the extremity ; on this it passes obliquely
downward to its posterior inferior corner, so as not to be seen on any of the
succeeding divisions behind. Below the middle of each segment, there is in
the mould a small prominence, evidently marking the position of a corres-
ponding pit in the fossil. These agree in position and appearance with the
spiracles or breathing apertures in the Myriapoda. We have not been able to
make otit very clearly, any indications of feet or other appendages ; though
there is near the base of each segment of the mould, a short oblique impres-
sion, that may possibly have been left by very small feeble legs folded back-
wards.

As this fossil shows too many segments for a larval insect, and has not
the aspect of an Annelid, we are rather inclined to view it as a Myriapod.

INSECTA.
LEPIDOPTERA.

Genus PALiEOCAMPA, Meek and Worthen.
Paljeocampa anthrax, M. & W.

The fossil for which the above generic name is proposed, is about 0-70 inch
in length, and some 0*13 inch in breadth, exclusive of the projecting tufts of
hairs. It is an arcuate, worm-like body, that has been divided or split
lengthwise in breaking open the concretion in which it is enveloped ; so that
it is only a longitudinal section we see in looking at either half of the con-
cretion. At both extremities, and along the upper or convex side of the
curve, we observe densely packed tufts or fascicles of hairs individually radi-
ating, as if from small wart-like protuberances. These hairs are straight,
and about 0-30 inch in length. At one extremity, which appears to be the
anterior, two of the bundles of hairs are more radiating than the others, and
directed forward. The bundles distributed over the curved or dorsal side
are regularly arranged, and have each a general direction at right angles from
the part of the arched side from which they spring. At the posterior ex-
tremity there are also two tufts directed backwards, the individual hairs of
which are less radiating than those at the other extremity. Between some
of the bundles ranged along the upper side, some shorter tufts are seen,
which appear as if they originate in another series of protuberances farther
over on the other side embedded in the matrix. If we suppose each of these
principal bundles along the curved side, and the two bundles at either end
to each belong to a single segment, it would make about ten or eleven seg-
ments to the entire body.

The specimen is not in a condition to show the head or feet ; yet we are
strongly inclined to believe from its form, and peculiar regularly arranged
bundles of hairs, that it is a Caterpillar. If we are right in this suggestion,

[Mar.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 53

its discovery is certainly an interesting one, as it would present an evidence
of the existence of Lepidopterous Insects, at a much earlier period in our
world's history than has hitherto been suspected.

As this fossil will doubtless be met with in the Coal Measures at other lo-
calities, whether or not its connection with the mature Butterfly or Moth can
ever be positively established, it seems desirable, for convenience of refer-
ence, that it should receive a name ; although we are unable to point out
any well defined characters from the only specimen seen, by which it can be
distinguished from the larva of several existing types. That there is any
probability, however, of its belonging to any existing genus, will, we think,
not be maintained by any person familiar with the range of generic types
in time.

April 4:th.

Vice-President, Cassin, in the Chair.

Twentv-two members present.

The following paper was presented and referred to a Committee :
" Diagnoses Specierum et varietatum novarum Molluscorum," etc.
By Philip P. Carpenter.

JlprilWth.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty-five members present.

The following were presented and referred to a Committee :

" Synopsis of the genus Pomoxys," " On the genus Caulolatilus,"
" Oo the cranial characteristics of Gadus proximus," and " Note on
several genera of Cyprinoids." By Theo. Gill.

The Curators exhibited a large living specimen of the Great Crab-
Spider, Mygale cancerides, recently brought from Brazil, and presented
by Mr. Newton.

The Secretary announced the death, on the 30th ult., of Major
Charles I. Maceuen, late a member of the Academy.

April \%th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty members present.

The following papers were presented and referred to Committees :

" Observations on the Eocene Lignite Formation of the United
States," and " Catalogue of the Eocene Annelides, etc." By T. A.
Conrad.

" Descriptions of three new species of Exotic Uniones." By Isaac
Lea.

The Secretary read the following :

1865.]

54 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Extract from the last Will and Testament of Thomas B. Wilson, deceased, late
of Newark, State of Delaware, and on record in the Register's Office, New-
castle, Delaware.

" I will and bequeath to the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia,
my collection of Birds and all my other specimens of Natural History deposited
by me in the hall or building of the said Academy of Natural Sciences, on
Broad street, Philadelphia. And I further give and bequeath to the said
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the sum of Ten Thousand dollars,
to be by them invested in some safe and productive fund, and as often as it
may be necessary to change the said investment, to re-invest the said sum in
like manner ; which fund shall be called the Library Fund, and the income
therefrom shall be exclusively appropriated to the purposes, preservation and
income of the Library of the said Academy, in the following manner : Three
hundred dollars of the yearly income arising therefrom, I direct to be paid as
a yearly salary to a Librarian, to be appointed by the said Academy, whose
duties shall be by them fixed and determined ; and the residue of the yearly
income arising from the said fund I direct to be applied, firstly, to the con-
tinuance, by purchase, of such works published periodically or in numbers as
are now contained in and belonging to the Library of the said Academy. And,
secondly, to the purchase and procuring of such works relating to Natural
History as may be designated and selected by the said Librarian and the Li-
brary Committee of the said Academy jointly."

The said Will is dated the seventeenth day of March, Anno Domini, one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, (1854.)

Attest, Rathmell Wilson,

Surviving Executor.

April 2hth.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eighteen members present.

On the favorable report of the respective Committees, the following
papers were ordered to be published :

Diagnoses Speciemm et "Varietatum novarum MOLTTSCORTJM, prope Sinum
Pugetianum a Ktmuerlio Doctore, nuper decesso, collectoium.

SCRIBEBAT PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
Academiae Alumnus Corresponded.

SfliENIA OVOIDKA, n. S.

S. t. parva,, albida., ovoidea ; epidermide cinerea, parum rugosa, induta ;
marginibus, antico et ventrali regulariter excurvatis ; dorsalibus rectis ad
angulum circiter 150° ; parte postica angustiore, obtuse angulata, parum trun-
cata ; umbonibus prominentibus, circiter ad duas inter quinque partes totius
longitudinis sitis ; intus, lamina cartilaginea lata, parum extante ; sinu pallii
ovali, usque ad medium interstitii porrecto. Long. -3, lat. -16, alt. -02, poll.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum piscavit Kennerley.

A "Sph. ?Binghami" Searles Wood Crag Moll., vix differt.

NejEra pectinata, n. s.

N.t. globosa, albida, subdiaphana ; epidermide tenui induta; ventraliter
antice products, postice subito angustato, rostrato ; rostro haud insculpto,
duabus inter quinque partes totius longitudinis sequante ; parte globosa acute
costata ; costis posticis paullum majoribus, magis distantibus ; margines dor-

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 55

sales versus obsoletis ; interstitiis latis, quadratis, minutissime concentrice

striatis

bus,

umboL

viculato ; cicatricibus adductoribus subrotundatis, deorsum sitia ; siuu pallii

parvo, lato : margine a costis pectinate Long. -24, lat. -14, alt. -12.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen junior legit Kennerley. Apud iusulam
Catalinam et Sanct. Barbaram adultum piscavit Cooper.

Genus PANDORA.

Subgenus Kennerlia.

Testa Pandoris veris siraillima ; cartilago ossiculam gerens ; ligamentum
elongatum. tenuissimum; lamina externa prismatica valva, planata plerum-
que radiatim sulcata ; cardo simplex ; linea pallii baud sinuata.

Ex. — Kennerlia filosa. ■

Kennerlia bicarinata. [?An P. biliratx, Conr., sequalis.]
Kennerlia glacialis.

Kennerlia filosa, n. s.

K. t. tenui, planoconvexa, maxime rostrata, ; marginibus dorsalibus rectis,
ad angulum circ. 160°; ventrali regulariter et modice excurvato, postice vix
sinuato ; epidermide olivacea, plerumque erosa, postice corrugata ; lamina
externa prismatica spongiosa, valva, planata radiatim sulcata, (quasi filosa,,)
sulcis distantibus ; valva convexa costa, obtussissima, postice decurrente ;
lineis seu undis incrementi conspicuis : intus, dente cardinali uno, parvo,
extante ; callositate claviculoidea antica, margini contigua, ; fossa cartilagi-
nali postice sita; cicatricibus adductoribus rotundatis, margini dorsali con-
tiguis; linea, pallii simplici. Long. -8, lat. -4, alt. -12.

Hab. — In sinu Pugctiano satis rare piscavit Kennerley.

PSAMMOBIA RDBRORADIATA, (Nutt. MS.)

Ps. t. seu omnino lilacina, seu albida, lilacino plus minusve radiata ; mag-
na, solida, lata, subrequilaterali, haud planata, rugis incrementi irregularibus
instructa ; epidermide olivacea induta; marginibus, dorsalibus antice et pos-
tice rectis, ad angulum 160°, umbonibus prominentibus, obtusis ; ventrali
subplanato, antico rotundato, postico subquadrato : intus, albida ; dentibus
cardinalibus utraque valva duobus, parvis ; nymphis planatis, latioribus,
ligamento extante ; cicatricibus adductoribus, antico ovali, postico rotundato ;
sinu pallii subquadrata, usque ad medium porrecta,, a margine ventrali linea
solum separata ; costis duaous ab umbonibus ad marginem internum cica-
tricum diagonaliter decurrentibus.

= " Sanguinolaria rubro-radiata, Conr." [?ubi] Nutt. MS. ; B. A. Rep., p. 195.

Macoma yoldiformis, n. s.

M. t. parva, valde transversa, subplanata, yoldiformi ; alba, tenui, subdia-
phana, politissima, ; epidermide nitente, pallide straminea induta ; lineis in-
crementi, postice conspicuis, exceptis, lsevi ; parum ina?quilaterali, umbonibus
postice intiectis ; marginibus undique (regione ligamenti excepta) regulariter
excurva'is: intus, nympba, ligamentali concava, subcelata ; postice secta,
dein parum alata ; dentibus cardinalibus valva sinistrali ii., quorum unus
bifidus ; margine dorsali antico excurvato ; sinu pallii obscure triangulato,
paullo plus quam duns trientes interstitii inter cicatrices adductores minores
porrecto. Long. -68, lat. -4, alt. *15.

Eab. — In Pacifico Boreali primum piscavit Belcher: dein valvas duas in
sinu Pugetiano, Kennerley : postea prope San Diegonem, Cooper : rarissime.

1865.]

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Macoma (Ivar.) expansa.

M. t. " M. prozimse" simili, sed majore, multo tenuiore ; antice minus, pos-
tice plus expansa, regulariter excurvata ; t. jun. subdiaphana, subepidermi-
dem tenuem, stramineam, subnacrea; t. adulta alba, nitida ; dentibus cardi-
nalibus ii. — i. minimis, haud bifidis ; sinu palii valva altera per tres quad-
rantes, altera per quinque inter septem partes interstitii porrecto. Long.
1-55, lat. 1-13, alt. -5.

Mai. — In sinu Pugetiano rarissime legit Kennerley.

A "M. laid, Gmel." Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit, vix differt, specimine Grcen-
landico ; sed M. latse et calcane in Mus. Cumingiano textura et dentibus
haud convenit. Species quaedam hujusce formse, extus similiores, intus
dentibus et sinu pallii satis differunt.

(Tellina) Angulus modestus, n. s.

A. t. "A. tenero," Sayii simillima ; sed callositate conspicua interna antica
ab umbonibus deeurrente, sinum pallii et cicatricem adductorem utrdque
valva, separante ; parva, subdiaphana, nitidissima, donaciformi ; epidermide
cornea tenuissima, striulis incrementi, plus minusve conspicuis, induta ;
margine antico dorsali subplanato ; umbonibus extantibus ; area postica
truncata, haud acute definita ; margine ventrali subplanata : intus, dentibus
cardinalibus utraque valva ii., quorum alternati bifidi ; valva sinistrali lat.
antico curto, extante, contiguo, posticis nullis ; sinu pallii usque ad callosi-
tatem porrecto ; nymphis paullum concavis. Long. *36, lat. -22, alt. -08.

Hub. — In sinu Pugetiano, specimina duo juniora legit Kennerley.

Anqulus modestos, var. obtusus.

A. t. "A. modesto" simili ; sed majore, umbonibus obtusis, vix donaciformi,
marginibus dorsalibus et ventrali excurvatis ; candidiore, vix diaphana; epi-
dermide pallidissime straminea. Long. -72, lat. -44, alt. "15.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley ; apud "Neah Bay," Swan ; prope
S. Pedro, Cooper.

?Clementia subdiaphana, n. s.

?C. t. ovali, quoad genus valde transversa, tumida, tenuissima; pallide
cinerea, epidermide pallide straminea; subdiaphana, sed subcalcarea, haud
porcellana ; laevi, nisi striis incrementi ; haud lunulata, umbouibus satis pro-
minentibus : intus, valva dextra, dentibus anticis duobus acutis, contiguis,
elevatis, postico elongato, acuto, bifido, ligamento parallelo ; valva sinistra
dentibus anticis duobus, umbonem versus junctis, acutis, divergentibus,
postico elongato, acuto, simplici ; sinu pallii, ut in Dosinia, angusto, angu-
lato, per dimidium interstitii umbones versus porrecto. Long. -72, lat. -58,
alt. -34.

Genus PSEPHIS *

Animal Veneri simile, sed viviparum.

Testa inter Pacbydesma et Circem intermedia; lasvis, seu concentrice
sculpta, nitida ; cardine dentibus iii. — iii. variantibus, quorum anticus saepe
porrectus ; marginibus haud crenulatis, dorsali intus sulcato ; sinu pallii
parvo, lato, interdum obsoleto ; ligamento tenui, umbones obtusus circum-
eunte.

* Th. 4«^*C) » calculus.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 57

Exeinplum typicum : Psephis Lordi == Chione Lordi, Baird, Proc. Zool. Soc,
1863, p. 69.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano primum legit Kennerley : postea, in insula Van-
cover legit Lord : in insula Catalina, Cooper.

Venus Kennerleyi, n. s.

V. t. ovali, solida, calcarea, squalide alba ; marginibus sequaliter excur-
vatis ; valde inaequilaterali, haud tumida, ; rugis concentricis, validis, crebris,
irregularibus, haud acutis, instructa ; interstitiis concentrice striatis, (t.
juniore suborbiculari, striis radiantibus ornata ;) lunula lineis impressis
definita, rugis appressis instructa; area, haud definita; intus, dentibus utra-
que valva, iii., quorum altera i. altera ii. plus minusve bifidis ; fulchro valido ;
cicatricibus muscularibus validis ; sinu pallii parvo, anguste angulato ; mar-
ginibus tenuiter crenulatis. Long. 2-5, lat. 1*8, alt. 1-25.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley: testas juniores, "V. astartese"
Midd. similes, legerunt juxta Neeah Bay, Swannii Indianuli.

ASTARTE (? COMPRESSA, VCir.) COMPACTA.

A. t. " A. compressse" simili, sed compacta, minus transversa ; liris concen-
tricis expressis, paucioribus, marginem posticam versus obsoletis ; umboni-
bus valde prominentibus, acutioribus ; marginibus dorsalibus rectis, ad
angulum 100° ; lunula minus impressa, longiore ; area ligamentali minus
angulata ; dente laterali antico valva dextra magis extante. Long. -4, lat.
•33, div. -21.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum piscavit Kennerley.

LUCINA TENUISCULPTA, n. S.

L. t. UL. Mazatlanicse" forma, simili ; sed magis convexa, sculptura multo
tenuiore ; epidermide olivaceo-cinerea induta; t. juniore lam ; postea, rugis
incrementi concentricis, plus minusve conspicuis, distantibus, irregularibus ;
costulis radiantibus subobsoletis, latis, crebrioribus, antice et postice evani-
dis ; area postica vix subquadrata, haud definita : intus, dentibus cardinali-
bus et lateralibus normahbus, satis extantibus ; ligamento externo, elongato ;
cicatrice antica normaliter prolongate ; margine crenulato. Long. -23, lat.
•21, alt. -13.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley.

Cryptodon serricatus, n.s.

C. t. parva, subplanata, subcirculari, tenui, alba, haud flexuosa ; epider-
mide tenuissima, vix straminea, serricata, induta ; laevi, seu lineis incrementi
vix ornata, nitente ; suborbiculari, seu ventraliter producta ; marginibus
undique valde et regulariter rotundatis, regione lunulari incurvata ; utnbo-
nibus antice hamatis ; lunula planata, haud exacte definita : intus, ligamento
tenui, omnino celato ; dentibus cardinalibus in utraque valva uno, extante,
lateribus nullis ; cicatricibus adductoribus subovalibus, haud prolongatis ;
linea. pallii a margine haud crenato satis remota. Long. *16, lat. -18, alt. *1.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley : in insula Vancouver, Swannii
Indianuli.

Pythina rugifera, n. s.

P. t. majore, tenuissima, valde transversa, subquadrata, vix inaequilaterali;
lineis incrementi et epidermide rugosa, confertissime laminata, ornata ; um-
bonibus latis, valde prominentibus, antice flutentibus ; marginibus, dorsali-
bus satis regulariter excurvatis, regione postica paulum majore ; ventrali
planato, seu medio concavo : intus, cardine maxime delicatulo ; dente cardi-

1865.]

58 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

nali uno minore, clavicula antica laterali inconspicua ; laterali postico nullo.
Long. 77, lat. -44, alt. -3.

Ilab. — la sinu Pugetiano specimina duo, (quorum unum fractum,) piscavit
Kennerley.

Inter Pythinas typicas et Kellias locum tenet.

Tellimya tumida, n. s.

T. t. subtriangulari, subovata, laevi, solidiore, tumidiore, valde inequilate-
ral i ; cinerea, epidermide pallide olivacea, concentrice striata induta ; mar-
ginibus dorsalibus subrectis, ventrali excurvato : intus, dentibus cardinalibus
valva, sinistra validissimis, curtis, extantibus, postico longiore ; valva dextra
callositatibus marginalibus, dentibus nullis ; cartilagine validiore, ossiculum
parvum in medio gerente ; cicatricibus adductoribus a cardine valde remotis.
Long. -155, lat. -125, alt. -06.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley; apud Neeah
Bay, Swan ; prope San Diegonem, Cooper.

Lkda fossa, Baird.

L. t. UL. minutse" simili; sed parte antica minore ; postica magis porrecta,
angustiore ; umbonibus parvis, valde prominentibus ; lirulis concentricis
crebris, haud expressis, postice et testa adulta. ventrUiter omnino obsoletis ;
regione siphonali haud lirata, obtuse biangulata, angulis contiguis, subno-
dosis ; regionibus dorsalibus utroque latere laevibus ; parte antica sulco
radiante obsoleto definita, liris illuc interdum interruptis : intus, dentibus
cardinalibus utroque latere xiv., posticis magis elongatis ; sinu pallii minimo.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley : in porto Es-
quimalto, idem, Lyall.

Proc. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 71. = L./oveata, Baird MS., in Mus. Brit.

Pecten {?var.) Hindsii.

P. t. "P. hastati" varietatibus simili, sed latiore ; radiis multo crebriori-
bus, aequalibus, laevioribus, minoribus, ventraliter bifurcantibus ; interstitiis
latis, minutissime granulosis ; intus albida,. Long. 1-6, lat. 1-7, alt. -57.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano juniorem legit U. S. E. E., adultum Kennerley: in
insula Vancouver legit Lord.

= P. Fabricii, Gld. in B. A. Rep., p. 211, (non Phil. = P. islandicus, jun.)

Tornatina exima, Baird.

T. t. cylindracea, majore, laevi, pallide albolutescente ; epidermide strami-
nea, spiraliter tenuissime striulata, induta ; spira saepius erosa; suturis an-
gustis, acutissime canaliculars ; labro acuto, antice sinuato, medio porrecto,
postice exciso, supra suturam valde et acute elevato ; apertura, antice valde
elongata.; columella valde excavaia, antrorsura labrum versus arcuata. ; labio
tenui; plica, angustissima, obsoleta, parieti appressa. Long. -26, lat. -12.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano primum legit Kennerley : postea in insula Van-
couver legit Lord.

Speciminibus typicis comparitis, conchilias Kennerlianas Dullinx eximue,
Bairdj in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 67, conspecificas esse certissime constat.

Cylichna (?cymndkacea, var.) attonsa.

C. t. " C. cylindracese" aliter simillima; sed postice rotundata, haud um-
bilicata, vix lacunata, labro regulariter incurvato. Long. -38, lat. -15.

Hab.— In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

Specimina Californica, a Jewett Cooperque collecta, C. cylindracese typicoa
magis conveniunt.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 59

Dentalium rectids, n. s.

D. t. valde elongata, valde tereti, lentissime augente, vix arcuata ; laevi,
tenuiore, albida, subdiaphana, valde nitente ; aperturam versus tenuissima.
Long. 1-9, lat. -13.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley.

Varina D. eburneo, Singaporensi, convenit ; sed annulis falacibus caren,
textura, valde differt.

Mopalia Kennerleyi, n. s.

M. t. UM. muscoso" formd, indole, sculpturaque simili ; sed multo magis
elevata ; plus minusve rubente, plus minusve olivaceo variegata, intus pal-
lida ; granis lateralibus fere aequalibus ; liris centralibus haud acutis, inter-
stitiis rarius cancellatis ; suturis undatis, apicibus valvaruni prominentibus ;
valva antica octoradiata, radiis granulosis, margine octies inciso ; valvis
intermediis utraque semel incisis ; valva postica mucrone obsoleto, sinu pos-
tico alto, angustiore, marginibus anticis valde alatis, lateribus posticis semel
ineisis.

Sab.— In sinu Pugetiano : sp. unicum legit Kennerley.

?M0PAHA SIN0ATA, n. S.

?M. t. parva, subelongata, elevata, jugo angulato ; rubido et cajruleo ele-
ganter maculata,; valvis' elongatis, subquadratis ; areis lateralibus costa, an-
gusta, subelevata,, granulosa, utraque defiuiiis; suturis quoque granulosis;
tota, superfice clarissime reticulata, punctis areis centralibus valde, areis late-
ralibus et valvis terminalibus modice impressis ; valvis terminalibus ut in
areis lateralibus sculptis, costis acutis radiantibus, interstitiis reticulars ;
valva postica maxime incisa, sinu alto, acuto mucronem tenus haud con-
spicuam effossa : intus rosacea; marginibus apicinis granulosis tota longi-
tudine intortis ; sinu laminarum sadiralium parvo, angusto ; laminis externis,
valvis centralibus semel incisis ; valva antica, fissuris circiter viii., costis
convenientibus ; valva postica, fissura laterali utraque costae conveniente,
postice maxime sinuata: limbo pallii coriaceo, pilulis paucis ; poro rotun-
dato parvo suturis utroque latere conveniente.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina duo legit Kennerley.

Mopaliis typicus structura valvae posticae convenit : poris suturalibus vix
definitis, difiert.

7MOPALIA IMPORCATA, n. S.

?M. t. parva, valde elevata, satis elongata ; jugo acuto, rectangulato ; pal-
lida, rufotincta ; areis lateralibus, costa elevata, dense granulosa, definitis ;
suturis dense granosis, marginibus intus implicatis ; valva antica circiter
octies granoso-costata ; arearum lateralium et valvse anticas interstitiis intri-
catim ruguloso-indentatis ; areis centralibus costis longitudinalibus crebris,
validissimis, acutis, subparallelis, interstitiis crenulato-decussatis ; valva, pos-
tica mucrone haud conspicuo, submarginali, sinu parvo, angusto : intus, sinu
laminarum suturalium angusto : valvis centralibus fissura una ; valva, antica
fissuris ? — ; valva, postica fissura utraque una, postice sinu parvo, angulato :
limbo coriaceo, poris suturalibus aliisque hue et illuc sparsis, minutis, setulis
albidis instructis.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina duo legit Kennerley.

Ut in ?M. sinuata, a Mopaliis typicis difiert.

Ischnochtton (Trachydermon) retiporosus, n. s.

I. t. parva, subelongata, cinerea, valde elevata, jugo arcuato ; valvis sub-
quadratis, apicibus celatis, marginibus suturalibus intus reglicatis ; areis
lateralibus parum definitis, costulis iii. — vi. obsoletis, rotundatis, hue et

1865.]

60

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

llluc grams acutis, expressis, instructis; areis centralibus omnino scrobicu-
latis, interstitiis parvis, alte punctatis ; valvis terminalibus costulis crebris,
angustis, acutioribus; mucrone parum eonspicuo, antrorsum sito : intus,
sinu suturali lato ; laminis, utroque latere semel, valvis terminalibus circ.
xn. incisis : limbo pallii graauloso, graaulis confertis, minimis, vix elon^atis,
vix regularibus, haud sculptis. Long. -44, lat. -28, div. 90°.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

Forma 1. interscincto, Gld. et /. scrobkulato, Midd. convenit ; indole sculp-
ture differt. r

Ischnochiton (Trachtdermon) trifidis, n. s.

I. t. elevata,, ovali, rubida ; valvis latis, subquadratis, apicibus vix intortis ;
are is lateralibus subelevatis, costis obsoletis rotundatis ii.— iv.; areis cen-
tralibus punctis distantibus, valde impressis ; valvis terminalibus ut in areis
lateralibus costatis ; valva postica mucrone submediana, haud elevata : intus
albida, subrosacea; valvis utraque latere maculo aurantio elongato ornatis,
sinuibus centralibus parvis, expansis ; marginibus externis subgrunda typice
obtectis; laminis lateralibus bis, terminalibus circiter xii. incisis: limbo
palln, granuloso, granis ovalibus, vix imbricatis haud striatis. Lone:. -75,
lat. -45, div. 110°. 5 '

Bab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum piscavit Kennerley.

Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) pseudodentiens, ? n. s.

I. t. parva, ovata, subelevata, jugo angulato ; cinerea, olivaceo eleganter
maculata, suturis albido et fusco-olivaceo haud regulariter tessellatis ; areis
lateralibus haud valde definitis ; totasuperficie gran-ulis creberrimis instructa ;
apicibus valvarum distinctis ; mucrone eonspicuo, submediano : intus, sinu
suturali lato, medio planato : subgrundis parvis, haud extantibus, subspon-
giosis ; laminis lateralibus unofissatis ; terminalibus quoad xi., valde obtusis :
limbo pallii minute granuloso, granis laevibus, confertis. subovalibus. Lone1.
•44, lat. -24, div. 110°. &

Hab.— In sinu Pugetiano legerunt primum Expeditio Explorans, demum
Kennerley : in insula Vancouver legit Lord: apud San Diegonem legit Cooper.

Specimini typicali " Ch. denlientis, Gouldii" convenit: a diagnosi et figura,
haud dentiens, differt.

Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) flectens, n. s.

I. t. parva, subelongata, rosea, elevata ; jugo acuto ; areis lateralibus vix
definitis ; marginibus valvarum excurvatis, suturis incurvatis, apicibus valde
prominentibus ; valvis granulis miautis, haud crebris, subradiatim sparsis,
omniuoque minutissime punctulatis ; mucrone eonspicuo, antico : intus, sinu
suturali lato, planato ; subgrundis haud porrectis ; laminis lateralibus uno-
terminalibus quoad xi.-fissatis : limbo pallii vix minutissime granulate
Long. -35, lat. -24, div. 110°.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley: in insula Vancouver legit Lord:
prope Monterey, Taylor : apud San Diegonem, Cooper.

Lepeta CjECOIdes, n. s.

L. t. " L. csecse " simili ; t. alba, ancyloidea, tenui, juniore subdiaphana ; apice
obtuso, antice verso; parte postica parum excurvatd; lateribus haud compressis ;
margine regulariter ovato ; tota superficie sub lente minutissime striata,
striulis valde distantibus, haud elevatis, haud granulatis, subobsoletis ; ci-
catrice musculari haud impressa. Long. (t. adolesc.) -45, lat. -37, alt. -19
(speciminis multo majoris pars solum superest : long. -94, lat. -73, alt. -55.)
div. 90°.

Hab. — Specimina juniora perpauca viventia in sinu Pugetiano piscavit
Kennerley: ex insulis Farallonibus adulta affertur, teste Darbishire.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 61

Calliostoma (?var.) variegatcm.

C. t. parva, conica, variegata ; nucleo rosacco ; anfr. vi. planatis, suturis
haud iinpressis ; costulis in spira. iii. regularibus, nodulosis ; nodulis albidis,
subdistantibus ; interstitiis elegantissinie rosaceis ; lirulis basalibus viii.
haud nodulosis, rosaceo maculatis. Long. -24, long. spir. -13, lat. -21, div.

50°.

Hab. — Puget Sd., sp. un. legit Kennerley.

This may prove to be an extreme variety of Cal. annulatum, Martyn.

Margarita (?wz?\)tenuisculpta.

M. t. " M. Vahlii" forma, colore, et operculo simillima; sed striulis spirali-
bus, plus minusve obsoletis cincta,, quarum iv.-vi. in spira, monstrantur.
Long. -22, long, spir. -11, lat. -13, div. 70°.

Hab. — Puget Sd., Kennerley. Neeah Bay, Swan.

Except in the very faint spiral sculpture, which does not always appear a
constant character in Margaritas (v. M. undulata in Fbs. and Hani. Br. Moll.,)
these shells might stand for M. Vahlii, a ? variety of which was found spar-
ingly by Dr. Kennerley. They are sometimes painted with infrasutural flam-
mules of darker ash. Both the smooth and the striated forms have a promi-
nent spiral rib on the whorls of the operculum.

Margarita lirulata, n. s.

M. t. parva, cineracea, tenui, tumentiore, nacreo rosaceo ; anfr. v. plerumque
subdepressis, suturis distinctis : interdum purpureo-fusco pallide maculata ;
lirulis acutfs spiralibus haud elevatis, supra valde distantibus, in spira ii.,
circa basim rotundatum circ. viii. ; apertura subquadratu ; umbilico magno,
infundibuliformi,angulato ; interstitiis lirularum laevibus, seu ab incrementi9
epidermidis decussatis : operculo tenuissimo, pallido, subplanato, suturis dis-
tinctis. Long. -18, long. spir. '07, lat. -2, div. 80°.

Hab. — Puget Sd., Kennerley.

? Var. a. subelevata ; t. elatiore ; colore livido, intensiore ; lirulis vix

acutis.

Bab.— Puget Sd., Kennerley. Neeah Bay, Swan.

? Var. p. obsoleta ; t. ut in 1 \&v . subelevata ; lirulis evanescentibus ; oper-
culo planato, tenuissimo, suturis indistinctis.

Hab. — Neeah Bay, Swan.

? Var. y. conica ; t. valde elevata ; lirulis acutis, aliis interdum intercalan-
tibus ; umbilico parvo. Long. -33, long. spir. -2, lat. -25, div. 58°.

Hab. — Puget Sd., Kennerley, sp. un.

The shells above described constitute what might be called a Darwinian
group of specific forms. With the exception of the typical shells dredged
by Dr. Kennerley, they are all in very bad condition. The Pugetian speci-
mens are flattened, with open umbilicus, as might be expected from quiet
water. Two specimens, however, form an exact transition to the Neeah Bay
shells, of which a fair number (var. a) were sent by Mr. Swan, though worn
and generally decorticated. They are more elevated, with fainter sculpture ;
and pass, by insensible gradations, into M. tenuisculpta, the two principal
spiral lines becoming evanescent, and a few others intercalating. In this
state (var. /?) the species can only be separated by the operculum, which is
pale and thin, and destitute of the strongly expressed rib of the 'Vahlii'
group. A third form (var. y) would certainly claim specific rank, but for the
intermediate series of a. and /?. The diagnostic characters for the whole se-
ries are the smooth operculum, the eight narrow riblets round the base, with
angular umbilicus and the sharp, narrow, principal riblets above, with wide
interspaces, smooth except from the lines of growth, which are principally

1865.]

62 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

visible in the epidermis. There may be three (so-called) species in the
group, viz. : lirulata, subelevata and conica.

Margarita inflata.

M. t. tumida, tenui, albida,, narceo pallide aureo ; anfr. vi. valde inflatis,
suturis ad angulum fere rectum impressis ; tota superficie tenuissime spira-
liter lirulata; lirulis acutis, haud elevatis ; in spira, circ. viii., minoribus sa?pe
intercalantibus ; interstitiis a lineis increinenti extantibus creberrimis tenu-
issime decussatis ; basi obtuse subangulata, striis creberrimis circ. xx. orna-
ta; apertura. subquadrata ; columella arcuata ; umbilico infundibuliformi,
laevi, angulato : operculo tenui, planato, suturis distinctis. Long. -44, long,
spir. -22, lat. -45, div. 85°.

Eab. — Puget Sd., Kennerley. Vancouver, Lyall. Neeah Bay, Swan.

Only two adult specimens of this remarkably elegant species have been
seen. It resembles the sbell from Greenland called M. striata, Brod. and Sby.,
in the British Museum, but that under the same name from Behring Straits
appears distinct. In many respects it is like M. undulata, but differs in the
greater swelling of the whorls meeting at a nearly rectangular suture, in the
far more delicate sculpture without waves the keeling of the umbilicus and
the bend in the pillar which causes a slight spiral hollow inside the umbilical
rib.

Mesalia lacteola, ? n. s.

M. t. parva., tereti, tenui, albida ; epidermide tenui, flavidii, induta ; anfr.
x. rotuudatis, suturis valde impressis, lcevious ; costis circ. xii. radiantibus,
tumentibus, suturam versus evanidis, interstitiis parvis ; costis spiralibus ro-
tundatis, costas radiantes transeuntibus, supra spiram iii. validioribus, aliis
interdum intercalantibus ; costulis suturalibus parvis, antice ii. ; basi rotun-
data, vix striata ; columella recta, paullum effusa ; labro tenuissimo, parum
arcuato. Long. -33, long. spir. -24, lat. -14, div. 30°.

Eab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley. In insula Vancouver legit Forbes.

Anne " M. lactelce" varietas insignis, sculpturae indole satis discrepans.

Mesaua (? lacteola, var.) subplanata.

M. t. " M. lacteolm" simili ; sed sculptura minus extante anfractibus 3ub-
planatis ; costis radiantibus pluribus minoribus, costulis spiralibus interdum
intercalantibus, aperturam versus saepe obsoletis.

JJab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina viventia sed maxime erosa legit Ken-
nerley: juxta "Neeah Bay" legerunt Indianuli, Swannii discipuli.

Rissoa compacta, n. s.

R. t. parva, rufofusca, haud turrita, compacta, marginibus spirae excurva-
tis ; anfr. nucleosis iii. globosis, lsevibus, apice mamillato ; normalibus iii.
subplanatis, latis ; lirulis spiralibus obtusis circiter xv., quarum circ. vi. in
spira. monstrantur, interstitiis vix aequantibus ; lirulis radiantibus circ. xxx.,
peripheriam tenus evanidis, anfractibus primis superantibus, anfractu ultimo
Bfepe obsoletis ; basi rotundata, haud (nisi testa juniore) umbilicata ; aper-
tura suborbiculari, peritremati continuo ; operculo tenui, paucispirali, rapid-
issime augente. Long. -06, long. spir. -04, lat. -045, div. 45°.

Eab. — In sinu Pugetiano satis abundanter legit Kennerley ; prope Neeah
Bay, Swannii discipuli.

Drillia incisa, n. s.

D. t. u D. inermi" forma et indole simili; sed cinerea, rufofusco copiose
spiraliter lineata; anfr. nucleosis majoribus, subplanatis; anfr. normalibus
vii. subplanatis, epiraliter subobsoletc ccelatis ; sulcis in spira circiter viii.,
quarum quarta radiatim sinuata ; canali quoad genus longiore, aperta ; co-

[ April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63

lumella arcuata ; labio distincto ; labro tenui, parum sinuato ; epidermide
subfugaci, laminis incrementi subrugosa, ; operculo pyriformi, haud angulato,
apice antico. Long. 1-13, long. spir. -65, lat. -4, div. 30°.

Hab. — la sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley: prope " Neeah Bay" legerunt
Swannii Indianuli.

A Drilliis typicis sinu minimo et operculo haud angulato conspicue differt :
Clionellae, Grayi, magis convenit.

Drilua cancellata, ?n. s.

D. t. " D. incisse juniore" siruili, sed omnino albido, sculptura elevata, haud

coelata epidermide tenui; anfr. nucleosis ? [detritis ;] normalibus iv.

planatis, suturis distinctis; costulis radiantibus circ. xx. angustis, acuti-
oribus, et costulis spiralibus subaequantibus, quarum circiter v. in spira,
monstrantur, eleganter cancellatis, ad intersectiones subnodulosis ; apertura
obovali, in canalem longiorem, subarcuatam, apertam, producta ; labro acuto,
medio producto, ad costulam spiralem ex sutura tertiam eleganter sinuato,
sinu altiore.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano duo specimina legit Kennerley; quorum altero
labium subcallosum, altero planatum.

Mangelia levidensis, n. s.

M. t. rudi, fusca, elatiore ; anfr. nucleosis iii. subelongatis, vertice haud
mamillato ; anfr. normalibus vi.'subplanatis, suturis distinctis, quarum primi
costis radiantibus circiter xii. latis, interstiiiis parvis, et costulis spiralibus
crebrioribus, quarum v. magis insculptte supra costas transeunt, rude ornan-
tur ; anfr. ultimis sculptura subobsoleta ; apertura elongata, subquadrata in
canalem brevem arcuatim producta, intus hepatica; labro juxta suturam vix
sinuato ; labio vix conspicuo. Long. -86, long. spir. -53, lat. -29, div. 27°.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley : prope " Neeah Bay " collegit,
per Indianulos, Swan.

A Mangeliis typicis columella torta differt.

Bela exccrvata, ? n. s.

B. t. " B. Trevzyliante" simili, sed alba, curtiore, marginibus spiraR valde

excurvatis; anfr. nucleosis ? [erosis ;] dein iv. normalibus, subplanatis,

fere rectangulatim prope suturas tabulatis ; costis obtusis radiautibus circiter
xviii., medio anfractus et prope suturam obsoletis, postice retrorsum valde
arcuatis ; sulcis spiralibus subdistantibus impressis, costas superautibus, in
spira. circiter v., postice evanidis, antice crebrioribus ; aperatura longius
ovali, antice brevissime canaliculato, postice aite sinuato; labro acuto, medio
valde excurvato ; columella regione labii eroso. Long. -28, long. spir. -13,
lat. -15, div. 55°.

Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano ante decessum prematuram specimen unicum pis-
cavit Kennerley, eheu deploratus !

EULIMA MICANS, ? n. S.

E. t. u E. politce" simillima, sed minore ; anfr. nucleosis stylinis, apice sub-
decliviter sito ; anfr. normalibus xii. omnino planatis, maxiine nitentibus,
suturis nullis ; albida, rosaceo tincta ; basi arcuatim rotundata. ; apertura
ovali; labro postice, et paullum antice sinuato, calloso ; labio calloso ; co-
lumella, vix torta. Long. -52, long. spir. -3G, lat. -16, div. 25°.

Hab. — la sinu Pugetiano specimen juniore legit Kennerley. Juxta Neeah
Bay idem legerunt fiwannii Indianuli. Plurimos adultos viventes inter S.
Pedronem et S. Diegonem, in insula quoque Catalinam piscavit Cooper.

An Eu. politue varietas Pacinca ?

1865.]

64 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

OCINEBRA INTERFOSSA.

0. t. satis elongata, purpureo-fusca, ; anfr. nucleosis ii., laevibus, elongatis ;
anfr. normalibus v. convexis.suturis valde irapressis ; costis radiantibus sub-
varicosis circ. xi., et spiralibus subaequantibus, quarum iii.-v. in spira, mon-
strantur, decussata ; interstitiis altis, quadratis, laminulis incrementi, et in-
terdurn costulis spiralibus obtusis intercalantibus, ssepe ornatis ; aperturd
ovata, labro (t. adulta) iatus dentato ; canali satis longa, saspius clausa.
Long. -85, long. spir. -4, lat. -45, div. 60°.

Hab. — Neeah Bay, Swan: Vancouver, Lord, (named Fusus orpheus, as of
Gld. in Br. Mus.)

Variat. : t. atropurpured; costis spiralibus distantibus, in spira. duabus,
foveis majoribus. Variat quoque t. albido zonata.

1 Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. s.

?Chr. t. parva, albida, carueo maculata, gracili epidermide tenui, cornea
induta, ; anfr. nucleosis ? . . . [decollatis ;] anfr. normalibus vi. planatis, su-
turis parum distinctis ; adolescente, costulis radiantibus circiter xiv. latis,
haud expressis, adulta obsoletis ; lineis spiralibus baud conspicuis : apertura
elongato-pyriformi, in canalem valde productum, apertum, rectum, subito
attenuata; labro acuto, parum arcuato, haud sinuato ; labio inconspicuo.
Long. -88, long. spir. -43, lat. -32, div. 33°.

jjab — In sinu Pugetiano, specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

Aspectu Belam, forma Perronam, nisi labro haud sinuato, commemorat :
characteribus plurimis subgeneri Siphoni convcnit.

Synopsis of the Genus POMOXYS, Raf.

BY THEODORE GILL.

In order to dissipate part of the confusion iDto which the nomenclature of
this genus has fallen, and to make known several new species, the present
article is submitted.

Genus POMOXYS, (Raf.)

I. Caudal peduncle with its height in front (-14) greater

than its length (-11 — -12); anal fin extending back-
wards nearly to base of caudal. P. brevicauda.

II. Caudal peduncle longer (-13— -15) than high ('11— *13) ;

anal fin not passing beyond the second third of pe-
duncle.
Height exceeding three-tenths ("31) of length ; head less

than three-tenths (-24). P. intermedins.

Height less than averaging three-tenths ('29) of length,
and scarcely longer than head.
Caudal peduncle slender ("15 long, '11J high).
First dorsal spine less than half ("02^) an
eye's diameter. P. storerius.

Caudal peduncle stout, little longer than high (*13^
long, *13 high). First dorsal spine equal to
two-thirds (04^) of an eye's diameter. P. protacanthus.

POMOXYS BREVICAUDA, Gill.

D. VI. 15. A. VI. 17. P. 15.

(3
Scales (12—29-) 42 — .*
14

* The twelfth and twenty- ninth scales of the lateral line, respectively, correspond with the
vertical of the anterior and posterior ends of the dorsal fin. The total number of scales through
which the lateral line runs, exclusive of those on the caudal fin, is forty-two. At the region of great-
est height, there are six rows above and fourteen below the lateral line.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65

This species is readily distinguished by its abbreviated caudal peduncle and
the consequent extension of the anal fin backwards nearly to its end. The
back is also considerably more gibbous and decurved than that of any con-
gener.

4564. North Grand River, Livingston Co., Mo. Dr. Hoy.

POMOXTS INTERMEDIUS Gill.

D. VI. 15. A. VI. 17.
6
Scales (12—31—) 45 — .
14
This species distinguished by its comparatively longer caudal peduncle and
the height of the body, as well as by the smaller size of the scales.

POMOXTS STOREKIUS Gill.

?Pomoxis annularis Raf. f Ag.

Cichla storeria Kirtland, MSS.

Centrarchus hexacanthus Cuv. et Val., fide Storer (nee Cuv. et Val.)

Pomoxis nitidus Girard.

Centrarchus nitidus Giinther.

D. VI. 15. A. VI. 17. P. 15.

6

Scales (14—30—) 43 — .
14

The Pomoxys storerius is remarkable among all its known congeners on ac-
count of the slender caudal peduncle.

The species has been quite unfortunate in its nomenclature. It is possible
that it is the species described and figured (!) by Rafinesque, but it would be
an act of injustice to any other naturalist to suppose that his figure could so
disagree with nature as does that of Rafinesque with the species in question.
Agassiz has adopted Rafinesque's name for a species found in the Tennessee
River,* and, while he has remarked that it does not have the caudal ring
mentioned by that author, has not alluded to any other disagreement with
the fish of Rafinesque ; the normal inaccuracy of that man is, however, so
well known, that Agassiz has doubtless considered it superfluous to allude to
any such discrepancies, and, consequently nothing may be predicated from
his silence on that subject.

The species was first intelligibly noticed by Dr. Kirtland ; in the "Report
on the Zoology of Ohio," p. 191, he introduced it under the name Cichla Sto-
rsrin. Being subsequently informed by Dr. Storer " that Cuvier had pre-
viously described it in the third volume of his " Histoire Naturelle des Pois-
sons," from specimens taken by Lesueur in the river Wabash," he referred
it to the latter species, called Centrarchus hexacanthus Val. The fishes of
Kirtland and the French naturalists, not only belong to different species, but
even to different genera. The name Cichla Storeria must therefore be ac-
cepted as the specific appellation of the species described by Kirtland, if Ra-
finesque's is deemed unworthy of adoption.

Subsequently, the species was described and figured by Girard under the
new name of Pomoxis nitida, while the name of Kirtland was retained as a
synonym of the Centrarchus hexacanthus, which was erroneously called Pomoxis
sparoides, and the name of Rafinesque was preserved for a third nominal
species.

* Agaspiz remarks, that the species of the Tennessee Kirer '-agrees fully with the description
given hy Kafint-wjiu- of his Pomoxis annularis, with the sole exception of a golden ring at the base
of the tail, which may be faded io the specimens sent by Dr. Newman from Huntsville ;" but this i
agreement surely can scarcely extend to the figure, which remains unnoticed bv Agassiz.

1865.] 5

66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

POMOXYS PKOTACANTHUS Gill.

D. VI. 15. A. VI. 17.

6

Scales (13—30—) 43—.
14

The Pomoxys protacanthtis may be at once distinguished among the other
Bpecies here enumerated by the comparative elongation of the anterior dorsal
and anal spines. A single specimen (4565), from Tarboro, North Carolina,
is in the Smithsonian collection, and has no opercular spot. The absence of
this latter furnishes another specific character, unless it has been obliterated
by the alcohol.

The following table gives the relative proportions of the several species :

4564 4563 4565

Extreme length 8£ 6| 6| C

Body— Greatest height 35 31 29° 29

Heightof tail behind anal fin 14 12 11$ 13

Least height of tail 11$ 10 9* 10

Length of tail 11$ 13 15 13$

Head— Greatest length 31 29 29 28

Height at pupil 15.} 14 14 15

Length of snout 6} 6 6 6$

Orbit — Diameter 5.} 6 6 6

Dorsal— Length of base 27 25 24 24

Height at first spine 3 2} 2$ 4$

Height at last spine 11$ 13} 14 12

Height at longest ray 16 16 16

Anal— Height at first spine 4 2$ 2$ 3}

Height at last spine 9$ 12 11 10"

Caudal— Length of middle rays 17 18 17 19}

Length of external rays 21 22 22 24

Pectoral— Length 16} 17 17 16

Ventral— Length 15 15 15 14

On the Genus CAULOLATILUS,
BY THEODORE GILL.

CAULOLATILUS Gill.

*=CauloTatilas Gill, Proc. Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, 1862,
p. 340.

Dekaya Cooper, Proc. California Academy of Natural Sciences, iii. p. 70, 1864.
Latilus sp. Car. et Val.

Body much compressed, elongated, with the height nearly uniform to the
anus ; thence gradually decreasing to the caudal peduncle, which is moderately
narrowed.

Scales small, oblong, with a rather large central, minutely granular and
estriate area, from the posterior portion of which the rhipidal ridges radiate ;
and with a wiflo muricated posterior border ; the exposed surfaces are vertical,
especially near the head.

Lateral line indistinct, parallel with the back ; median on the caudal
peduncle.

Head compressed, scarcely oblong, with the profile boldly decurved, the
forehead flattened. Forehead behind cheeks and opercula, except interoper-
uilum, covered with ctenoid scales like those of the body. Eyes subcircular,
large. Preorbital bone cUnyated rhomboid, with the height less than the di-

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 67

ameter of the eye ; cheeks longer than high. Nostrils approximated, simple.
Pre.operculum esinuate, pectinated. Operculum with a blunt, bony projection
behind. Suboperculum narrow.

Mouth moderate, with the cleft little oblique. Jaws even ; sitpramaxillaries
nearly straight behind, and subtruncated at end. Lips thick, the lower attached
by a frsenum in front.

Teeth on the jaws alone, in a broad, villiform band in front, preceded by a
row of larger acute ones continued to the corners of the mouth ; the hindmost
teeth enlarged canines directed forwards.

Branchiostegal rays six. (Branchial membrane well developed, and free
below.)

Dorsal fin with seven or eight graduated, pungent spines, and rather nu-
merous (22—27) uniform branched rays ; antepenultimate normally longest.
Anal similar to^the soft dorsal, armed with one or two pungent spines ; first
spine, when present, extremely small.

Caudal fin emarginated, with its lobes pointed.

Pectoral fins well developed, longer than the ventrals.

Ventrals thoracic or subbrachial, with the spine slender but acute, and with
second ray longest.

Type Caulolatilus chrysops Gill.

The genus Caulolatilus is widely separated from Latilus by the form of the
body, structure of the scales and especially by the form of "the head and the
structure of the fins. It is also related to Prohitilus,* but is readily distin-
guished by the general form, the form of the head, the thoracic position of
the ventral fins, as well as the number of dorsal spines and form of the cau-
dal fin.

Caulolatilus was first separated from Latilus in an article entitled " Remarks
on the relations of the genera, and other groups of Cuban Fishes ;" it was
said to be distinguished by its form and the structure of the fins, and was
founded for the reception of the Latilus chrysops C. et V.

Subsequently Dr. Cooper described as a new generic type allied to Hetero-
gnathodon Blkr., a Californian species of the same genus, and considered it "to
be a very aberrant form of the Percoid family, having many characters of
other orders.

Four species of the genus are known to me ; their relations and differential
characters may be expressed by the following scheme :

I. D. vii (-viii.) 24. A. i. (ii.)22.f Profile quadrantiform. C. chrysops.

C. affinis.

II. D. viii. 25—26. A. ii. 25—26. Profile less decurved, the

snout being produced.

a.. Dorsal spines behind longer than the space between the
fin and lateral line ; pectoral fin equal to distance
from snout to middle of operculum C. anomalus.

p. Dorsal spines behind about equal to space between fin
and lateral line ; pectoral fin about three-fourths the
length of the head (Jenyns.) C. princeps.

Caulolatilus chrysops.

Latilus chrysops C. et V., ix. 496 ; Guict., in Sayra,, tab. 2, f. 1 ; Gthr., ii.
253.

* Prohitilus Gill, (type Latilus Jugularis Cuv, Val.,) is distinguished by its general form, a«
well as the form of the head, scaly forehead aud approximated eyes ; few (4) dorsal spines, entire
caudal and subjugular ventrals.

+ My own enumeration of the dorsal and anal ray exactly coincides with Gunther's; Cuvier as-
signs D. -viii. 24. A. ii. 22. I cannot discover the small spine in front of the anal one, and there
are certainly only seven dorsal spines,

1865.] '

68 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Caulolatilus chrysops Gill, Phil. 1862, 340.
Hab. — West Indies.
D. vii. (-viii.) 24. A. i. (-ii.) 22. C. v. 1, 7, 6, 1, v. P. 18. V. I. 5.

Caulolatilus affinis Gill.

In a young specimen the following peculiarities are exhibited :

The profile describes the outline of a quadrant, and in front is almost ver-
tical. The greatest height is contained less than four times (*27) in the
length, exclusive of caudal ; that of the caudal peduncle about nine times.
The head forms more than three-tenths of the length, while its height
bears to its length the proportion of 22£ : 31. The diameter of the eye equals
almost half the height of the head. The preorbital is very narrow. The
teeth of the preoperculum are strong and distant, and those of the middle di-
rected obliquely upwards. The sixth dorsal spine equals a, ninth of the
length. The anus is behind the middle of the length. The caudal rather ex-
ceeds the height of the head. The pectoral equals a fifth of the length ; the
ventral is shorter ("18,) and is inserted beneath the base of the pectoral, its
spine being at the vertical of the upper axil.

D. vii. 25. A. ii. 22. P. 18.

The color is reddish brown on the head and back, lighter on the sides. A
very distinct blackish spot is present above the axilla of the pectoral.

This species is very closely related to C. chrysops, but the single individual
which is a young one about three inches long, differs from adults of the latter,
of which I have seen none less than fifteen inches long, by the greater height
of the spinous dorsal and the proportions of the other fins, and the situation
of the ventrals, strongly serrated preoperculum, as well as as the large eyes
and narrow preorbital. The last two characteristics are doubtless those of
youth. The value of the others yet remains to be ascertained, but it is pro-
hable that they will be found to be specific, although, perhaps, slightly modi-
fied with age. The species has been known to me for three years, but I have
felt reluctant to^describe from so small a specimen. The specimen was ob-
tained by Mr. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas.

Caulolatilus anomalus.

Dekaya anomala Cooper, Proc. California Academy Natural Sciences, vol. iii.
p. 71, fig. 17, 1864.

Hab. — Catalina Island, California.

D. viii. 25. A. ii. 25. P. 18.

Sq. 135— 140-1 5 pm,

Caulolatilus anomalus is very closely related to the C. princeps of the Gala-
pagos Archipelago, but appears to differ in the more elongated spines of the
dorsal fin, as well as the longer pectoral and ventral fins. A critical compari-
son of fresh or wet specimens of both species is, however, requisite not only
to verify the differences 'referred to, but to ascertain the other differential
characters. It is scarcely probable that the two forms are co-specific, but at
the same time we must remember that at least one species is common to
Lower California and the Galapagos Islands.

The type specimen of C. anomalus was kindly forwarded for examination
by Dr. Cooper, the discoverer. It is an adult, and belongs to the collection
of the Geological Survey of the State of California.

Caulolatilus princeps.

Latilus princeps Jenyvs, Fishes Beagle, 52, pi. 11. Gthr., ii. 253.
Hab. — Galapagos Islands (Chatham Island.)

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69

On the Cranial Characteristics of GADUS PROXIMUS Grd.
BY THEODORE GILL.

While engaged in the investigation of the comparative anatomy of the
Gadoids and allied families, my attention was arrested by the very distinctive
characters exhibited by the Californian Gadoid named by Girard Gadus prox-
imus or Morrhua proxima. The title of that form to generic separation from
the typical Gadi, is fully confirmed. I may remark, that I had long distrusted
its pertinence to Gadus on account of its small size, but the few and trivial
outward peculiarities exhibited by it, almost forbade a separation, until more
should be known concerning its organization.

The affinities of the new genus are, perhaps, rather with Brachygadus than
Gadus itself; but the form of the head sufficiently distinguishes it from thai
type. The distinctive external characters are the angular form of the fins,
especially of the first dorsal, the small size and the immaculate body. All
the osteological characters, herewith given, are contrasted with those of
Gadus, and the peculiarities are indicated by the italicized portions.

If, as I suspect, the Gadus pygmaus of Pallas belongs to Boreogadus, as
restricted by myself, at least three genera of Gadinoz are represented along
the western American coast.

MICROGADUS Gill.

The cranium is proportionally broader towards the front and less flattened,
while the brain case is flattened below, decidedly swollen laterally and on each
side of a depressed sphenoidal groove, and has an ovate cordiform shape.
The paroccipital or epiotic is not produced into an angle behind, but is ob-
tusely rounded, and its posterior or outiuardly descending ridge blunt. The pe-
trosal or opisthotic is well developed, oblong, and with its re-entering angle
high up, and, on a line with it, the surface is divided into two parts ; an upper
narrow and flattened one, and a lower expanded one, much swollen ; the
alisphenoid or pro-otic is oblong, acutely emarginated in front, swollen from
the region of the high anterior sinus, and above it little produced forwards.
The great frontal is little longer than broad, with supraoccipital crest continued
only along its posterior third, but an anterior low crest continued forwards on
the bone, and near the front expanded upwards, and with the expanded por-
tion behind dividing into narrow lateral wings ; the lateral tectiform ridges of
the frontal are continued forwards and curved outwards towards the antero-
lateral angles. The anterior frontals are mostly covered in front by £he great
frontal, and are much developed in the direction of the antero-lateral angles ;
the inferior expanded axillar portion being very narrow. The nasal has a
rounded ridge in front continued well below, and its posterior crest is laminar"
and trenchant.

The rest of the bones offer less decided peculiarities, and, therefore, their
immediate consideration is less requisite.

Gadus tomcodus Mitchill exhibits similar modifications of the cranium, and
should be approximated to G. proximus.

Note on several Genera of CYPRINOIDS.

BY THEODORE GILL.

As considerable misapprehension appears to have prevailed regarding several
genera of Cyprinoids, established for forms characteristic of the Pacific slope of
North America by Girard, due, perhaps, to the vague or erroneous ideas enter-
tained by that gentleman himself, it may be advisable to give the partial
results of a renewed examination.

1865.]

70 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

The genera Lavinia, Siboma, Algansea, Tigoma, Cheonda, Gila, Ptycho*
chilus aad Mylochilus, are closely related to each other, and cannot be dis-
tributed among different subfamilies, as has been attempted. Indeed, some
of the genera so separated are so intimately allied, that their claims to generic
distinction are extremely doubtful. Siboma appears to be nearly allied to
Lavinia, and includes only the S. crassicauda, the <S. atraria belonging rather
to Algansea. Algansea itself and Tigoma are scarcely distinguishable, they
differing only in the pharyngeal teeth, — Algawea having teeth 5 — 5, increas-
ing upwards, while Tigoma has, normally, 2 | 5 — 5 | 2 : both groups have
narrow suborbitals. Cheonda should be restricted to C. Cooper i. The dif-
ference between C. cozrulea and species of Tigoma are not evident. Gila and
Ptyrhochiius both require revision. Mylochilus and Mylopharodon do not dif-
fer generically, wherefore the former name alone can be retained. The genus
Acrochilus of Agassiz, referred to Lavinia by Girard, has no affinity to that
group, being nearly related to Ckondrostoma, as shown by Agassiz, who has
well described its peculiarities, while Lavinia as well as Tigoma, Algansea,
&c, are closely related to the European Leucisci. As I propose, on another
occasion, to give the full generic characters, as well as anatomy of the genera
of Western American Cyprinoids, I defer till then further consideration of
their affinities.

Observations on the EOCENE LIGNITE FORMATION of the United States.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

OLDER EOCENE OR LONDON CLAY.

Lignite Epoch.

Some years ago I visited a marl deposit near Long Branch, Monmouth Co.,
New Jersey, in which casts of a few shells presented an eocene character.
Observing in Vanuxem's cabinet a specimen of what is now known to be
Aturia ziczac, I described it in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences, vol. i. 2d series, p. 129, and referred the marl, principally on account
of the presence of this shell, to the eocene era. I also described an imperfect
cast of the same species as Nautilus angustatus, in Dana's Report on the Ge-
ology of the Exploring Expedition, which was found at Astoria in Oregon, in
company with many shells which I mistook for miocene forms ; but a more
extended acquaintance with eocene types shows their older tertiary relations,
and their matrix to be synchronous with the Loudon Clay of Sheppey, High-
gate and Bracklesham. Professor Cook has lately sent me a box of specimens
of similar age from Shark River, Monmouth Co., N. Jersey, collected by Dr.
Kneiskem. In company with Aturia ziczac there are imperfect specimens of
Nautilus Lamarclcii, Deshayes, another older eocene form of the Paris basin
and of Belgium. Fruits also occur in this bed, referrible to the genera Nipa-
dites and Mimo sites, showing the tropical or semitropical climate of the era,
and giving evidence of the intimate relations of the deposit to the Brandon
and Mississippi Lignite strata. Indeed, it seems clear that this Shark River
marl was the bed of the oldest eocene ocean, and that the flora of the Bran-
don and Southern tertiary epoch flourished at the same time. The local,
circumscribed character of the Brandon Lignite is attributed by Prof. Lesley
to its having filled a deep depression, thus escaping the denuding forces
which swept all traces of it away over a wide region that it once covered.
The locality at Mont Alto, near Chambersburg, described by Prof. Lesley, is
doubtless a locally preserved fragment of a vast formation once deposited
over the Appalachian slope to the very base of the mountain range, and oc-
cupying a large space in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi,
and in fact, extending to the Pacific as far north as Vancouver's Island.

[April,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 71

Dana's map of the cretaceous epoch gives a general view of the United States
at this time, supposing what was then ocean had become land and fresh water.

It is probable that the estuary deposits of Upper Missouri are the base of
the older eocene, and the fresh-water shells are the earliest tertiary types of
this continent. The species of Vivipara resemble the eocene forms of the
Paris basin. According to Meek and Hayden these beds are more than 2000
feet thick.

Vanuxem was the first geologist who stated that a lignite bed is situated
in South Carolina between the cretaceous and eocene strata, and Tuomey has
since described several localities in that State and one in Clark Co., Alabama,
represented by No. 6 of his Bashia Creek section ; and No. 2 of the section
represents the Marlborough and Buhrstone group, or second stage of the
eocene. In general, some doubt rests upon the identity of species by Tuomey,
but the following list of shells contained in No. 2 is copied, with emendations,
from bis Report: Ostrea Carolinensis, Con., Venericardia planicosta, Proto-
cardia Virginiana ? Con., Volutilithes Tuomeyi, Con. This bed represents the
dark-colored loose sand of Piscataway, over which and next in succession
lies the Marlborough rock, which corresponds to the " great Carolinian bed"
of Ruffin, and the "calcareous strata of the Charleston basin" of Tuomey.
The sand bed and condition of its fossils, as well as the similarity of some of
its species, reminds us of the Bracklesham Bay locality in England, and the
superimposed rock of the Bognor beds.

Although the Aturia ziczac is the only fossil of Oregon known to be identi-
cal with the New Jersey eocene, the vast distance between the localities will
account for the variation ; for the Continent was then as wide as from the
Appalachian to the Rocky mountains, and seems to have been intersected by
many rivers and fresh-water lakes, which have left an abundance of shells
and mammalian remains entombed in the strata deposited by their waters.
The Brandon fruits described by Hitchcock are all different from those of
Shark River, but the conditions under which they nourished may account for
this variation. They probably grew on high land, at some distance from the
coast, whilst the station of the others was on low land along the shore, where
Palms and Acacias scattered their fruit within reach of currents which swept
them into the sea.

At present, the marine beds of this era are found to lie close to the Atlantic,
and in Oregon they skirt the shore ; but estuary deposits were observed by
Meek and Hayden in Upper Missouri. The Shark River marl is an indurated
clay, with disseminated grains of green sand, which are often smooth and
shining, and the shells are all in the form of casts, which are distorted mon-
or less. Portions of this clay are indurated, making it as difficult to break
as the hardest limestone. Its thickness is yet unknown. The Aturia of this
locality is discoid, which is the result of pressure, whilst the Oregon forms
are broader, and one specimen approximates the normal form of the Eu-
ropean shell.

Professor Harper describes a deposit on Chiekasawhay River, Mississippi,
which also is of similar geological age. "The Nipadites and Cycadites mixed
with coniferous trees, and even oaks.'' "Stumps are seen rooted in the
ground, as smooth and even as if not cut with an axe, but sawed with a sharp
saw." " A little higher up, on the Chiekasawhay River, occurs the most
southern outcrop of the large eocene marl stratum. Above the marl lies a
stratum of hard limestone, which contains abundance of an Ostrea of large
size." In this description I recognize the strata on Savannah River, where
the lignite is overlaid by the " great Carolinian limestone" group, and suc-
ceeded by the Ostrea Georgiana, which is found as far west as Cape St. Luoa.-i
in Lower California.

The lignite bed underlies the bluff at Vicksburg, where we find — 1. lignite :
2. ferruginous rock, with Ostrea Georgiana, Conrad ; 3. St. Stephen's lime-

1865.]

72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

stone, or Orbitolite limestone, eighty feet ; 4. Vicksburg group, with a new
species of Orbitolite, — N. sup era, Conrad.

This formation appears at Cape Sable, near Annapolis, where, at about the
water level, "under a stratum of sand, and resting upon an impermeable
crust of ferruginous sandstone, lies imbedded in a layer of almost pure alu-
mine, a forest of pine trees, thrown down by some ancient convulsion. The
crust which forms the base of this aluminous layer is a little below the level
of low tides and is of considerable hardness. The imbedded pines are con-
verted into lignites more or less impregnated with sulphuret of iron. The
central parts are generally transformed into pure metallic sulphuret, some-
times exhibiting in the hollow parts octohedral crystals of a yellowish metal-
lic lustre and great hardness. The more remote the ligneous layers from the
centre, the less they are saturated with sulphuret of iron. The external rays,
as well as the cortical layers, are generally pure lignite, some compact and
black, others retaining the color and friability of rotten wood. In some in-
stances their texture seems to have suffered but little alteration : the central
system, concentric rays, the bark and knots being perfectly discernible ; even
fruits are occasionally found in a pretty good state of preservation as to
form."* The lignite is correctly placed in Morton's diagram as overlying
the secondary marls. In Morton's paper the first published notice of the for-
mation appeared, drawn up from the notes of Lardner Vanuxem, who was
familiar with the strata in South Carolina.

Deshayes states that he has found no species of organic remains common
to cretaceous and eocene strata in Europe or Asia, and I have no doubt that
the destruction of life was total over the whole surface of the globe at the
close of the cretaceous era. Deshayes, indeed, affirms that life has been fi\*p
times destroyed and renewed in the past history of the earth. When we find
evidence of surprising changes of level in the eocene period, the limited na-
ture of a mixed fauna is remarkable, for we would expect to find it much
more extensive at the base of the eocene. The bed of the Atlantic along the
coast of the United States, from Cape May to the Gulf of Mexico, contains a
mixture of recent and miocene shells, which, if elevated above the sea level
would present a group of shells consisting of recent and extinct species, so like
in preservation that the fossil could not be distinguished from the recent forms,
except by one conversant with all the miocene shells.

Deshayes affirms of the Maestrich beds, " that there has been an accidental
mixture of cretaceous and eocene ; a degradation of a stratum of fossilliferons
marl diluted in the bed of the tertiary sea at the time of the first deposit.
The bed of the ocean, under our own eyes, shows an accidental mixture of
this nature."

The Wilmington rock proves conclusively that this was the case in North
Carolina. Eocene and cretaceous fossils are there mingled in a breccia. When
I first saw this rock in 1832, no fracture or excavation revealed its true cha-
racter ; but the external resemblance to the Timber Creek limestone of New
Jersey, with its corallines, was striking. The mixture of secondary aDd
tertiary species in this breccia, shows ti.at a disturbance occurred in the bed
of the eocene ocean, which evidently, from Tuomey's account, extended into
South Carolina. No one, I suppose, will tell us that the Venericardia plani-
costa existed iu the cretaceous period, yet countless thousands may be ob-
served at the base of the eocene. It is true that in Europe a series of strata,
termed Upper and Lower Landenien and Heersien, are said to intervene be-
tween the chalk and eocene ; but one of the characteristic fossils of the Upper
Landenien occurs in the Shark River beds, — the Cyprina Morrissi, of Sowerby.
It is therefore probable that the former system is merely an extension of the
London Clay. Certainly, in the United States, there is no such system as the

* Durand, Joum. Phila. College of Pharmacy, v. 12, 1834.

[April,

NATURAL 8CIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 73

Heersien, whilst Lyell found, in the Belgium Lower Landenien grey marl, a
perfect specimen of the Terebratulina gracilis, — a well known chalk fossil, —
together with Ostrea (Exogyra) lateralis, N.vst. Lyell remarks, that the
Lower Landenien, at Folx les Caves, rests on the Maestrich chalk.

There is an extensive bed of lignite in Europe of eocene age, which Des-
hayes says forms a well-determined horizon with the long series of " sables in-
ferieures." " Above the lignite appears a bed of fresh-water and marine shells,
the horizon of which I believe to be the same as the lignite formation of the
United States. They reveal a singular state of the globe at the commencement
of the tertiary period, presenting a vast level region covered by a dense forest,
in which palms and oaks grew side by side, interspersed with lakes and
rivers and long shallow bays of salt water penetrating to the interior of the
continents. This state of the globe was exhibited in Europe and America at
the same time, and the land was little elevated above the sea level, except
that in America the Appalachian and Rocky mountain ranges stood out from
the vast plain.

The Shark River fossils are few in number of species, and generally im-
perfect casts, with small chalky portions of the shell occasionally remaining.
A few of the bivalves have connected valves. About twenty-five species of
shells and plants have been collected, of which I think six shells are identi-
cal with species of the London Clay and one of the Plastic Clay, Cyprina
Morrisii.

Catalogue of Shells of Shark R.'ver,

Mactra . Aturia ziczac, Sowerby.

Cyprina Morrissii. Nautilus Lamarckii, Desk.

Dione . Priscofusus , Con.

Yoldia protexta, C. Volutilithes mutata, Desk.

Axinaea Surculi annosa, Con.

Crassatella Sycotopus Smithii, Sowerby.

Venericardia perantiquua Con. Onustus extensus, Sowerby.

Avicula annosa, Con. Hippochrenes columbaria ? Defrance.

Pinna . Acteonema prisca, Con.

Pecten . Architectonica .

Ostrea . Pleurotomaria perlata, Con.

Fish.
Ccelorhynchus rectus, Agassiz.

Catalogue of the EOCENE ANNULATA, FORAMINIFERA* ECHINODEBMATA
and CIRRIPEDIA of the United States.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

Annulata.

SERPULA, Lin.

S. ornata, Lea, Cont. to Geol. 37, 1, 5. Claib.
S. squamulosa, C. J. A. N. S., vii, 149. Claib.

SPIRORBIS, Daudin.

S. tubanella, Lea, Cont. to Geol. 36, 1, 4. Claib.

DITRUPA, Berkeley.
D. subcoarctata, Gabb., J. A. N. S., 2d series, 386, 67, 47. Texas.

Foramwfera.

TRILOCULINA, D'Orbigny.
U. lineata, C, n. s.

1865.]

74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

CRISTELLARIA, D'Orbigny.
C. ? rotella, C, Amer. Journ. Science, ii., 2d series, 399, f. 4. Florida.
Cristellaria? rotella, D'Orbigny, Prodromus, ii. 406, 1300.

NEMOPHORA, Conrad.
N. Floridana, (Nnmmulites) C, Amer. Journ. Sci., ii., 2d series, 399, f. 3.
Florida.
Cristellaria fFloridana, D'Orbigny, Prodromus, ii. 406, 1301.

ORBITOLITE8, Lam.
O. (Nummulites) Mantelli, Morton, Org. Rem. Cretac. Group, 45, 5, 9. St.
Stephens, Ala., S. C, Miss.
Orbitpides Mantelli, D'Orbig., Prodromus, ii. 406.
O. supera, C* Vicksburg, Miss.

Echinodermata.

ECIIINIDjE.

SISMONDIA, Desor.
S. alta, C, Proc. A. N. S., 1865, N. C. Emmons, Geol. N. C, 308, 247, 8.
S. crustuloides, (Scutella) Morton, Org. Rem. Cretac. Group, 77, 15, 10. S. C.

Desor , Synop. des Echin. 227.
S. Lyelli, (Scutella) C, Journ. A. N. S., vii. 152, Ala. Desor., Synop. des

Echin. 225.
S. marginalis, C, Proc. A. N. S., 1865, near Charleston, S. C.
S. pileus-sinensis, (Scutella) Ravenel., Proceed. A. N. S. ii. 97. S. C.
S. Plana, C. S. C.

MORTONIA, Desor.
M. Rogersi, (Scutella) Morton, Org. Rem. Cretac. Group, 77, 13, 3. Alabama.
Desor., Syn. des Echin. 231. Clark Co., Ala.
Laganum Rogersi, Agass., Catal. Syst. 6.
M. Jonesii, (Scutella) Forbes, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, i. 440. Georgia.

MELLITA, Klein.
M. Caroliniana, (Scutella), Ravenel, Proc. A. N. S. 1, 81. S. C.

MACROPHORA, Conrad.
M. macrophora, (Scutella), Ravenel, Proceed. A. N. S. 1, 81. S. C.
M. Raveneli, C. S.C.

Smaller than the preceding, suborbicular, with an obtusely ovate perfora-
tion.

PYRGORHYNCUS, Agass.

P. Gouldii, Bouve, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 192, and iv. 2. Desor.,
Synop. des Echin. 299. Georgia.
Nuc. Mortoni, Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. series, 40.

CCELOPLEURUS, Agass.

C. depressus, C. , n. s. S. C.

C. infulatus (Echinus) Morton, Org. Rem. of Cretac. Group, 75, 10, 7. Desor.,

Syn. des Echin. 98, S. C.

CLYPEASTER, Lam.
C. Jonesii, (Scutella) Forbes, Quart. Journ. Geol., i. 440. Desor., Syn. des

Echin. 243. Georgia.

* Smaller than the preceding and comp natively thicker, without the raised central point. Di-
ameter 13—20 inch. This species is readily distinguished by the convex centre, and is limited to
the Oligocene strata. .,

[April,

V

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 75

ECHINIANTHUS, Breynius.
E. Mortonis, (Pyrgorhyncus) Mich. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1850, 2. Desor.,

Synop. des Echin. 295. Miss.

CASSIDULUS, Lam.

C. amygdala? Desor., Synop. des Ecbin. lxv.

C. Conradi, (Catopygus) Couper, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv. 2d series, 39, 1,

9. Georgia.
C. Lyelli, (Nuclaolites) Con., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. 2d series, 40, 1, 14.

Georgia.

C. patelliformis, (Catopygus) Bouve, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv. 2. Georgia.

Cassidulus patelli/orjiiis, Desor., Synop. des Echin. 290.

HEMIASTER, Lam.
H. Conradi, Bouve", Bost., Soc. Nat. Hist., v., 2d series, 3. Georgia. Desor.,
Synop. des Ecbin. 373.

DISCOIDEA, Lam.

D. Haldemani, C, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv., 2d series, 40, 1, 12. Georgia.

ECHINOCARDIUM, Gray.

E. orthonotus, (spatangus) C, Proceed. A. N. S. 1, 327. Virg.

Amphidetus Virqinianus, Forbes, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, i. 425.
Echinocardium Virginianum, Desor., Synop. des Ecbin. 408.

Cirripedia.
BALANUS, Lin.
B. bumilis, C, Amer. Journ. Sci., ii., 2d series, 400, f. 4, Florida.
B. peregrinus, Morton, Organic Rem. of Cretac. Group, 72. S. C.

Descriptions of new species of ECHINID2E.
BY T. A. CONRAD.

SISMONDIA, Desor.

S. alta. Suborbicular ; margin thin, disk gradually rising towards the
centre and concave in outline ; central portion elevated and obliquely flattened
at the summit ; ambulacra lanceolate, nearly closed ; anus subquadrangular,
thin, position nearer the mouth than the posterior end ; margin thin, un-
dulated.

Scutella, Emmons, Geol. of North Carolina.

S. marginalis. Subovate or suborbicular, depressed ; ambulacra lanceo-
late ; central prominence rounded, margin thicker than the submarginal area
of the disk ; truncated posteriorly, emarginated ; anus subquadrangular,
minute, situated near the margin, which is thickened beneath. Diameter §
inch. Height ' inch, S. C.

S. plana. Discoid, subovate, very thin, margin slightly thickened, disc
convex depressed, summit anterior to the middle ; ambulacra broadly lanceo-
late, nearly closed ; anus distant from the margin, but nearer to it than to the
mouth. Longitudinal diameter ii of an inch ; transverse diameter JL inch.

s.c. lb lS

Descriptions of three new species of Exotic UNIONES.
BY ISAAC LEA.

Unio Wrightii. Testa, plicata, lata,, ad umbones inflata, valde inaequilate-
rali, postice acuto-angulata, antice rotundata, ; valvulis crassiusculis, antice
craasioribus ; natibus subprominentibus et crebre plicatis ; epidermide tene-

1865.]

76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

broso-fuscata, eradiate et marginata; dentibus cardinalibus sublongis, sub-
obliquis, crenulatis, lamellatis, ia utroque valvulo duplicibus ; lateralibus
praslongis, obliquis, lamellatis corrugatisque ; margarita alba, et valde irides-
cente.
Hab.— China ; A. R. Wright, M. D.

Unio tortuosus.^ Testa, imequivalva., contorta, plicata, valde obliqua, in-
flata, postice obtuse angulata, antice oblique curvata ; valvulis percrassis. an-
tice crassioribus ; uatibus promiaentibus, crassis terrainalibusque ; epidermide
tenebroso-oliva., obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus permagnis, crassis,
rectis corrugatisque ; lateralibus sublongis, subrectis, striis perpendicularis
instructis ; margarita argentea, et valde iridescente.

Hab. China ; A. R. Wright, M. D.

This remarkable Unio is the first which has been found possessing an ir-
regular plane of the margin and being incequivnlue. When looking on the ante-
' rior end with the ligament above, the line of the opening of the valves curves
to the right. The beak of the left valve is higher than that of the right and
projects anteriorly. The left valve is therefore larger than that of the right,
and the weight differs — the left being 257 grains and the right 242 grains.
The very remarkable perpendicular striae on the lateral teeth of this speci-
men, if always present in other individuals, will demand its being placed
in the genus Prisodon, Schumacker = Caslalia, Lam. These stria? are proba-
bly normal to the species. Before Triquetra contorta, from China, was des-
cribed by me, none of us could have expected to see a member of the Unionidx
to be curved likfe Area torluosa, Lin.; but now we have a second member of
the family totally unlike the other, except having a curved plane of the shell.

Unio rufofuscus. Testa, plicata, subquadratii, subsulcata, sublenticulari,
insequilaterali, postice rotundata, antice rotunda ; valvulis crassiusculis, an-
tice crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, crebre et minute plicatis ; epidermide
rufofusca, eradiata, micanti ; dentibus cardinalibus subcompressis, crenulatis,
in utroque valvulo subduplicibus ; lateralibus longis subcurvisque ; marga-
rita, alba" et iridescente.

Hab. — ? Sig. Patricio Maria Paz.

May 2d.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

The following paper was presented for publication :
" Partial Catalogue of the Cold blooded Vertebrata of Michigan, Pt.
IL," By E. D. Cope.

May 9th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Thirteen members present.

May 16th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty-four members present.

The following paper was presented for publication : " Description
of eight new Species of Unio of the United States." By Isaac Lea.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 77

May 23<f.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twentv-two members present.

The following paper was presented for publication : " An Examina-
tion of Birds of the Genus Chrysomitris, &c." By John Cassin.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to specimens of
Gryphaea and Ostrea, from the New Jersey Green-sand, presented this
evening, as affording evidence of the existence of a boring sponge,
during the Cretaceous period, which penetrated the shells in the same
manner as at the present time.

In answer to a question, Dr. Storer stated that he had observed no
true viviparous fishes on the Atlantic coast of the United States, but
that Sygnathus carried its young in an abdominal pouch.

May 30th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Sixteen members present.

The Secretary announced the death, on the 6th inst., of Dr. Wm.
Darrach, and ou the 13th, of Mr. Fernando de la Cuesta, late members of
the Academy.

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

Some Remarks on LABRTJS PULCHER (Ayres.)
BY ALBERT OUNTHER, M. A., M. D., PH. D.

The March number of the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, 1864, page 57, contains a paper entitled, " Description of a
new Labroid genus allied to Trochocopus (Gthr.), by Theodore Gill," in which
the author states that he had been misled by me in considering the Labrus
pulcher (Ayres) as a species of Semicossyphus (Gthr.), but having received a
specimen of this fish, found "that it has not the 'lateral teeth distinct,' as
in Semicossyphus, but au ' obtuse osseous ridge round the edge of the jaws
without distinct lateral teeth,' as in Trochocopus (Gthr.), to which Gunther
should have referred it." A single glance at pp. 99 and 100 of the fourth
volume of my "Catalogue of Fishes," will show that Mr. Gill inverts the
characters given by me to those genera. However, his description of the
teeth of this fish (p. 58 ) is distinct enough ; and I have no doubt that I should
have referred it to Trochocopus, if I had seen it.

But a few lines further, the author goes on to say : " I (Mr. Gill) previously
followed him, (Dr. G.), as he was acquainted with Semicossyphus and Tro-
chocopus through autopsy, while 1 was not." This is not correct, as will be
perfectly evident on turning to p. 99 of the volume mentioned, where no refe-
rence whatever is made to a specimen contained in our collection, and as is
curiously enough acknowledged by Mr. Gill himself on the following page,
(p. 59 of his paper), where he says, contradicting himself, that Dr. Gunther
" was acquainted with neither (viz., Semicossyphus and Trochocopus darwinii)
through autopsy."

1865 ]

78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Partial Catalogue of the Cold-blooded VERTEBRATA of Michigan.

BY PROF. E. D. COPE.

Part II.

(Continued from page 285 of last volume.)

Malacop terygii.

Fundulus multifasciatus Cuv., Val. From Frederick, Macomb Counij,
Grosse Isle, and Oakland County.

Fundulus* aureus, sp. nov.

Head flattened, its depth at orbit three-fourtbs interorbital width ; latter one-
half the length of head, or one-eighth the total length to end of scales at base
of caudal. Eye large, its diameter contained once in advance of it, and one
and a half times to opercular border. Mouth terminal, mandible slightly
longer. Back flat to middle of its length, then rapidly compressed to caudal.
Scales large, with no exposed and ten concealed radii, nine longitudinal, thirty-
three transverse series. Greatest depth four and three-quarter times in length
from end of muzzle to end of scales. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, norven-
trals the vent. Anal originating in advance of dorsal, like the latter, rather
short. From base of caudal to anterior base of dorsal equals one- half the
length from latter point to end of ossa nasalia. Radii D. 10 C, rounded 16
(complete) ; 11 ; V. 6 ; P. 13. Br. 5. Total length two inches. Above uniform
light golden brown; below pale yellow, inferior part of opercula silver white ;
a brown band extends from the end of the muzzle to the origin of the caudal
fin.

From Grosse Isle ; obtained by Prof. Fox.

The anterior position of the anal fin allies this to some species which have
been separated under the name of Zj/gonectes, for what reason has not yet been
explained. A banded species from St. Louis, Mo., has been named Z. zonal us
by Agassiz, but as there is no description, it has not entered the zoological
record.

Melannra 1 i m i Agass. Hydrargyra Kirt.
Flint River, Grosse Isle and Oakland Co.

Esox cy p h o, sp. nov.

Profile steeply descending ; muzzle slightly concave. Frontal concavity
short, strongly marked, as wide as the superciliary plane on each side of it ;
eye contained six and one-half times in length of head, a little less than frontal
width ; pupil opposite extremity of maxillary. Latter appressed posteriorly,
so as to give a shorter cranial diameter than at the middle of the muzzle.
Head contained two and two-fifth times in length to end of caudal. Buccal
and opercular scales equal, similar to those on middle of body, smaller than
those near anal fin. On body, IS 110 — 12. Dorsal region elevated, broad;
caudal peduncle thick, its length equal from eye to posterior edge of oper-
culum. Emargination of caudal two-fifths length of the fin. From symphysis
mandibuli to anterior margin of orbit 1 in. ; from latter point to edge of oper-
culum 1 in. 5 lin. ; from last point to origin of ventrals 1 in. 8 lin. ; from same

* Fundulus s c i a d i c u s, sp. nov., was brought by Dr. W. A. Hammond from the Nebraska or
Platte River, and presented to the Academy. The lorm is short and stout, the scales large the
Ads small and the anal originating a little in advance of the dorsal. Length of head 85 times to
biise of tail; eye 3£ times in length of head, once in front of orbit, and one and two third timrj
between supercilia. Base of caudal to anterior base of dorsal a little less thm half from latter 10
end of premaxillary. From base of caudal to base of ventrals equal from hitter to opposite ante-
rior margin of pupil. Thirteen longitudinal, thirty-nine transverse series of scales. I), prolonged
a little beyond anal 10. A. 12. V. 8. Largest specimen two inches in length, many smaller.

Above olive slate color; below, the caudal peduncle and opercula brownish yelbw. No spole
or linee.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 79

to origin of anal 3 in. 3 lin. ; origin of anal to middle base of caudal 2 in.
Total length 10 in. 5 lin.

Above iron brown; numerous closely arranged spots and vertical bars on
the lower part of the sides, largest anteriorly, forming a serrate outline to the
narrow pale hue of the abdomen. Operculum obliquely barred. A few spots
on mandibles below, and a vertical black bar from eye ; fins spotless.

No. 64 ; Waterford, Oakland Co. Several specimens.

The outline, colors and radial formula distinguish this small species from
its ally the umbrosusof Prof. Kirtland.

The following table represents some of the relations of the species of this
genus, as far as deducible from our specimens and the very imperfect descrip-
tions such as authors too frequently inflict upon science.

I. Operculum and cheek entirely scaled.
Branchiostegal R. 11 to 13.

Dorstl outline arched ; pectorals much nearer ventrals than end
of premaxillary. D. 16. V. 9. A. 14. Depth five times to base
of tail. Head 3J times in total length. End of upper jaw to
orbit much less than from orbit to opercular border. Frontal
groove shallow cypho.

Dorsal outline straigbter ; pectorals nearer (Dekay) end of muzzle
than to ventrals. D. 14 — 15. V. 9. End of upper jaw to orbit
less than from orbit to opercular border. A deep frontal
groove. Vomerine teeth in a shorter series than the palatines, fasciatus.

Dorsal outline straighter. D. 13. V. 12. A. 12. Head four times

in length. (Kirtld.) umbro&us.

"Similar to fasciatus, but D. 12, and the vomerine series

longer than palatine," (Holbr.) ravenelii.

Br. R. 14—16.

Dorsal outline straight ; pectoral fin nearer ventral than end of
muzzle. D. 18. A. 17. Depth six times to base of caudal.
End of muzzle to orbit equal from orbit to opercular border or
beyond reticulatus.

D. 22. A. 21. Probably, not certainly, in this section deprandus.

E. cr as s us* Ag. enters this section. Of it little else peculiar
is mentioned than that the buccal scales are larger than the oper-
cular, and equal to those on the body, and the front deeply grooved.
E. affims has not been definitely separated from reticulatus.

II, Cheek entirely, operculum half, scaled.

Dorsal outline horizontal ; pectoral nearer end of muzzle than to
ventral. B. 14 — 15. D. 19. End of muzzle to orbit equal from
orbit to border of operculum. Frontal groove deep lucius.

III. Cheek and operculum half scaled.

B. 19. D. 19. No frontal groove nobilior.

Esox ? With the form and proportions of reticulatus and the branchios-
tegal and fin radial formula of f a s c i a t u s ; not far from the E. affinis (?) of
Holbrook, Ichth. S. Caiolina. Grosse Isle, Prof. Fox.

Esox lucius L. Richardson.

I find no external specific difference between this fish and the estor of Leseur,
Perhaps the large inner palatine teeth are a little longer, and in more nume-
rous rows. The position of the ventral fin, with reference to the anal, caudal
and pectoral, varies much in both Kuropean and American specimens. Agap-
siz' description of his E. borcus applies very well to speeimeus of the so-called
estor ; in some of these the vomerine row of teeth is longer, as in tjpe of boreus,

* Am. Journ. Sci. Arte (2) xvi. p. 308.

1865.]

80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

ia others shorter than the palatine. Neither Cuvier nor Richardson could
•eparate American specimens as a distinct species from the European pike.

Esox n o b i 1 i o r Thomp.

Hist. Vermont, and Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1850, 305, where this is rightly
stated to be the eslor of Richardson. It is also evidently estor of Agassiz, Am.
Journ. Sci. Arts, xvi. p. 308, and formerly of Kirtland, but later correctly
named by the latter, Cleveland Annals of Science, 1854, p. 78 ; also E. lucioides,
Agass. and Gir., in Frank Forester, by Herbert. Fine specimens from Saginaw
Bay, No. 228. A specimeu is in the Academy Museum from the Alleghany River,
ia Warren Co., Pa., and another was presented by Thaddeus Norris, from
Conneaught Lake, Crawford Co., Pa. The head of the latter measures 12 in.
9 1. in length, and 17*6 in circumference at the preopercles.

The Esoces ohioensis Kirtl , and lineatus and lugubroms of Leseur (C. V. vol.
18) can hardly be said to be described, while the vermiculatw of Leseur, and
villains and salmoneus of Rafinesque, may be recognized in the localities where
first taken, if existing. Leseur's specimens were taken in the Wabash.

Trutta namayc ush Penn. Saginaw Bay.

Thymallus tricolor, sp. nov.

Muzzle slightly rounded in profile, as long as diameter of orbit; under jaw
slightly longer. Cranium rather broad above, median ridge strong to nasal
region. Eye just one-fourth length to opercular border. End of maxillary not
quite reaching middle of pupil. Nares as near the premaxillary border as to
the orbit. Superior angle of interoperculum in contact with operculum ; latter
twice or more than twice the width of suboperculum. Maxillo-pretnaxillary
ancle open, rounded; maxillary little convex; mandible hardly angulated.
Head contained in length to base of caudal a little less than five times ; greatest
depth four and two-thirds in the same. Teeth, including the palatine, well
developed ; those on the vomer few, in one or two transverse rows. Dorsal,
origin opposite median point betweeu ventrals and operculum ; length of base
equal to from first ray to upper border of preoperculum, or a few lines nearer
the orbit; penultimate rays longest, about equal length of head, not quite at-
taining the base of the anal ; R. 21, the first nine undivided. P. 16, extending
bevond origin of dorsal ; V. 10, under the eighteenth dorsal ray ; A. 13 ; C. 19.
Scales extending between longer rays to opposite the edge of the not very deep,
rounded emargination. Sc. j° 95 — 8, exposed portion little higher than wide.
Br. 8. Pyloric coeca twenty-two, (in one specimen), twelve round the pylorus,
and ten in two longitudinal parallel rows immediately beyond.

Below silvery, above pale brown, every where with blue reflections. Small
deep blue spots scattered on the sides, more abundantly anteriorly. Dorsal
fin with numerous blue spots, and two and three rows of narrow pinkish purple
spots above them ; superior border pink-purple.

Length to hasp of caudal 8 in. 9 lin. ; to vent 6 in. 5 lin. Length of limb of
caudal 1 in. 4 lin. ; base of anal 10i lin.

The stomach was filled with neuropterus larvae and small twigs of Thuja.

This genus, first brought to light in the United States by Prof. Miles, is rep-
resented in the more northern parts of the Continent by a fine species — the T.
s j gnifer— and in Europe by the widely distributed T. vex il lifer. The
present species is intermediate between the two in some respects. The muzzle
is shorter, the mouth less angulited, and the eye smaller than in its European
convener: the scales are more numerous, and the median froctal ridge is pecu-
liar° the coloration is different. The head is longer than in the s i g n i f e r of
Richardson, and the anterior part of the body more produced ; the eye is con-
siderably smaller. Dr. Richardson mentions another high northern species,
under the name of Th. t h y m a 1 1 o i d e s, but little of its distinctive character
can be ascertained from his description.

Coreconus sp., from Saginaw Bay, indeterminable.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 81

Acanthopterygii.

Chirostoma s i c c u 1 u m, sp. nov.

Mandible scarcely longer than premaxillary ; mouth extending four-fifths the
distance to opposite anterior border of orbit; muzzle conic. Eye 3£ timesin
length of head ; head five times in length to base of tail. Scales small, in six-
teen longitudinal and eighty-five transverse rows. Origin of first dorsal oppo-
site origin of anal, equidistant between base of caudal and anterior border of
orbit. Tip of pectoral reaching ventral. Dorsal outline from end of muzzle
to end of second dorsal plane. D. V.— 12. A. 25. V. 1—5. P. 10. Length to
base of caudal

Color in spirits pale brown, (probably translucent in life), the silvery band
traversing the 7th row of scales from the dorsal, covering one and two half
rows. Top of head, and median dorsal region punctulate with black ; opercula
silvery.

From Grosse Isle, Detroit River. Prof. Fox.

Gasterosteus inconstans Kirtl.* Grosse Isle. Prof. Fox.

Specimens labelled as having been brought from Sukertoppen, Greenland,
by Dr. I. I. Hayes, appear to belong to this species.

Potamocottusf a 1 v o r d i i Cotlus, Girard, Monogr. Cottoids. Smiths. Contr.

Several specimens, agreeing in all points with Girard's description of a
young individual except in the position of the vent; the latter is invariably
considerably nearer the base of the caudal than to the symphysis mandibuli —
most nearly median in the smallest specimens. The largest are 3| inches in
length. In all I find numerous palatine teeth and a considerable patch of mi-
nute dermal spines behind and above the axilla. This species will enter both
Girard's Cottopsis, and Gill's Potamocottus ;% but Prof. Gill informs me that he
regards the C. asper as the only species referable to Girard's genus, and that
the others belong truly to Potamocottus. Similar spinous scales occur on a

* Gasterosteus micropus is an ally of the incon stans brought from the neighborhood of
Fort Riley, Kansas, by Dr. W. A. Hammond. It has a much smaller post-pectoral plate and ven-
tral spine, shorter anal and second dorsals, shorter, thicker head, with the bony radii on the upper
surface distinct. Length of anal less than from its last ray to end of caudal, and three lengths
from the same point reaches the preopercular angle, or hinder margin of orbit. Post-pectoral
plate smooth, oblique, concave in front, reaching lower pectoral rays, as long as diameter of orbit
longer than smooth ventral spine. Length of muzzle less than diameter of orbit. Belly shield
small, twice the ventral spine. Caudal peduncle compressed, smooth. Eye one-lburth length of
head ; latter is measured three and two-thirds times in length to base of caudal. D. 4, slender,
without plates, 1+10; C.+10+ truncate; A. 1,9, first under second of second dorsal. P. 10. Above
blackish, below grey; sides, belly and cheeks densely punctulated with black.

Near Fort Riley, Kansas ; from the Platte River. Dr. W. A. Hammond.

f The Academy's museum possesses a specimen of a Greenland Cottid, which appears to be a
second species of the genus Triglops. It may be called T. pleurostictus, and defined as follows :

Head above a line drawn along the suborbital bones, and back above the latpral line covered
with minute scales. Eye 3j- times into head ; interorbital breadlh less than half orbit, concave;
parietal region concave, with a knob on each side. A transverse depression across the line of the
posterior nares. Four preopercular spines, two directed backward, one downward and one for-
ward. Mouth horizontal, mandible longer, end of maxillary opposite hinder margin of pupil, On
each side, opposite each interval between each dorsal ray, a patch of naked skin imitating a shield ;
on each side of the fin a row of tubercles extending to middle of second dorsal. Lateral line with
ctenoid plates, whose free posterior borders are continuous with the numerous vertical lateral
series of small contiguous ctenoid scales; these give an appearance of the existence of the lateral
plates seen in some species of Gasterosteus; several transverse rows of similar scales in advance of
the ventrals. The body from the middle of the second dorsal to caudal is depressed cylindrical.
Pectorals extending much beyond vent to anal fin : ventrals reaching vent ; latter with a large
papilla. Branchiostegal membrane continuous, rays six, (seven in pingelii). Head enters
three and three-fourths times in length to base of caudal ; greatest depth five times. Rays, D. XI.
2. 4. C. 11 full rays; fin small. A. 27 (24 p i n g elii) V. I. 3 (5 pinge lii) P. 18, the rays rough-
ened. Total length 4 in. 9 lin.

General color brown, darkest above; silvery from vent to branchiostegal membrane, and behind
and in front of pectoral fin. Sides pale chestnut ; a band of sienna streaks from opposite middle
of pectoral to base of caudal, interrupted by silver spots and lines.

From Godhaven, Greenland, (Coll. No. 114).
t Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.

1865.] 6

82 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

specimen from Absecom, N. J., referable to Cottus meridionalis Gir. My
specimens all exhibit a more depressed head than is represented by Girard.
They differ from the w i 1 8 o n i i in a larger eye and narrow interorbital space,
and in their simple pectoral rays ; the caudals are twice furcate. Second
dorsal has from 16 to 18 rays. They differ from richardsoniias described,
in having the vent considerably nearer the tip of the caudal fin than the end
of the muzzle.
Dexter, Washington Co., No. 183. Grosse Isle, Prof. Fox.

Uranidea s p i 1 o t a, sp. nov.

Entering the section with five ventral rays, and with an elongate body ; and
resembling apparently the b a i r d i i, except in its short and anteriorly situated
ventral fins. In w i 1 s o n i i the eye is smaller, and frontal width greater ; the
pectoral rays are branched, in the present species simple. Inrichardsonii
the vent is said to be the median point of the distance from the muzzle to the
caudal fin ; here it is much nearer the muzzle. Incognatuswe are informed
that the anal fin has a more posterior position.

The length of the head is contained three times plus one orbital diameter
from end of muzzle to base of caudal fin ; said diameter enters 4£ times length
of head, and is one-third greater than interorbital width. The head is slighty
contracted laterally, and not so depressed as in T. a 1 v o r d i i, giving the or-
bits less vertical range. One preopercular spine. Insertion of pectorals ob-
lique, rays undivided, reaching anus and anterior rays of second dorsal ; ven-
trals below middle of pectoral insertion in advance of dorsal, extending half
way to vent. Width of isthmus equal from border of (closed) premaxillary to
opposite hinder margin of pupil. Dorsal outline low, regularly descending to
near end of second dorsal. Greatest depth enters five times from end of muzzle
to base of caudal Lateral line disappears between middle and end of caudal.
First dorsal low, first ray three-fourths of 2d, 3d and 4th ; anal begins opposite
fourth ray of second dorsal. Caudal fin rather small, rays once divided. No
trace of palatine teeth. Rays D. VIII. 17, A. 13, V. I. 4, P. 15, Br. VI. Length
three inches.

Above brown, below yellowish, everywhere densely punctulated with darker,
except between the veot and anterior to ventral fins. Dorsal, caudal and pec-
toral fins barred ; anal yellowish. Base of caudal and dorsal spots blackish ;
large lateral round spots of the same color sometimes in seven or fewer cross-
bars.

Several specimens from Grand Rapids, on the Grand River, which flows into
Lake Michigan.

Catonotus flabellatus Put. 329 a. Grosse Isle.

Poecilichthys coeruleus* Agass. , 329 b. Grosse Isle. This is P. transver-
sa Abbott, which name has been accidentally exchanged with the next
species ; vide the Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., List of Fishes.

Hyostoma cymatogramma. Pileoma cymatogramma Abbott. Pr. A. N. S.,
1860. 329 c. Grosse Isle.

Percina caprodes Gir. Putn. 329 d. Grosse Isle. Small specimens,
agreeing with P. Zebra Ag.

Stizostedium americanu m* C. V. Lucioperca Auct.
Nos. 224, 244, 245, 251, 252, from Saginaw Bay.

Perca flavescens Cuv.

63. Oakland Co., 229 Saginaw Bay, (presents a monstrous form of skull,

* The S. cana dense of Smith is identified by Agassiz. " Lake Superior" p., with the ameri-
canu m, but it is evident that it is more nearly allied to, if not identical with, the S. aalmoneum
Raf.. of the Ohio, a handsome and peculiar fish, slightly resembling an Aspro, as has been remarked.
The latter is not tare, an 1 is well described by Rafinesque in Ichth. Ohiensis.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 83

similar to that figured by Steindachner of Vienna in Cyprinus c a r p i o) ; Pine

Lake, etc., etc.

Roccus chrysops Gill. Labrax Auct. No. 246. Saginaw Bay.

Micropterus nigricans Gill, MSS. Huro C. V. Grystes Agass., Lake
Superior. Nos. 116 Orchard L. Oakland Co., 122 Strait's Lake do., 317-
18-19 Bald Eagle Lake, do., 261 Copenaconic Lake, Grosse Isle.

Micropterus fasciatus Gill, MSS. Cichla Leseur. Grystes Agass. Black
Bass of the Lakes and the Ohio. 291, 296, Swartz Creek, Genesee Co.
235, Saginaw Bay. Grosse Isle.

Pomotis maculatus* Gill. Pomotis vulgaris Richardson. Fauna Bor.
Americana, et Auctorum. Thirty-five spec. No. 56, 58, 59, Waterford,
Oakland Co. ; 111, Clinton Riv. ; 264, Long Lake, Genesee Co., Copena-
conic Lake, do., and Grosse Isle.
This species also occurs in the Eastern States and in South Carolina. The

dimensions of the largest specimen are : length, 24" ; greatest height of body,

10" 5'".

Lepomis incisorf Holbr., Ichth. S. Ca. Pomotis C. V. Forty-five spec.

Nos. 60, 60a, 61, 265, 258, from same localities as the preceding, and

124, 126, 327, from Strait's Lake, Oakland Co. ; 268 near Crooked Lake,

Genesee Co.

The identity of this species with that so abundant in the South, is rather

unexpected. I find, indeed, an additional anal ray in a few specimens from

South Carolina, but no other difference. The largest specimen measures :

length, 25v 5///; depth 11". Independent of the difference between this and

* Bryttus oculatusisa pretty species obtained by Dr. J. H. Slack in Lake Whittlesey. Minn.
The head is compressed, elongate, contained (measured to just below opercular flap), two and three-
fifths or three-quarters to base of caudal; front rather concave, one diameter of the eye reaches to
premaxillary border, and five and six measures the length of the head. Mandible not longer when
closed ; end of maxillary opposite half-way between pupil and edge of orbit. Scales on cheek in

5
six rows, below suborbital bones; on body — 33-4. Superior posterior border of operculum strong,

12
rounded, serrate. Dorsal with spines well developed, and no depression between the divisions 10
— 10; caudal slightly emarginate, +16+; anal projecting beyond second dorsal, 3—9, its first ray
opposite the last spinous dorsal. Ventrals quite or barely reaching anal, 1 — 5; pectorals extend-
ing a little further posteriorly, 12. Greatest depth 2% times to base of caudal; depth at posterior
border of second dorsal one-half depth from first dorsal to origin of ventral ; length of caudal pe-
duncle (to line of dorsal) cont. three times from base of caudal to opercular border below flap.

Color in spirits reddish, not punctulate; lower surfaces and fins golden. Second dorsal, anal,
and caudal, punctulate, the base of the latter slightly spotted. Opercular flap well developed,
outline nearly circular, marked with a black central disc, which is interrupted by the convex
border of the operculum, and entirely surrounded by a broad white (? red) border.

The length of this species is about four inches.

t Lepomis longispinisof the Mus. Academy was obtained by Dr. Heermann on hisjourney
from St. Louis to Southern California.

It approaches the speciosus of Girard, but has a longer head and fins, the spines much more
developed, and a larger eye. Front slightly concave ; dorsal outline elongate gibbous.

Greatest depth is measured 2% times from muzzle to base of caudal. The head measures 3^4
times to the same point ; the latter fin If times in total length. Kye three times from muzzle to
suture between operculum and suboperculum; a little longer than length of muzzle, and equal
frontal width ; maxillary reaching its anterior border. Four rows scales below the orbit. Supe-
rior posterior process of operculum distinguishable from the short flap; not serrate; preopercu-
lum finely serrate. Ventrals reaching first anal spine ; pectorals a little longer. First soft ray of
anal equal base of the fin ; third long ray little shorter. Fifth (longest) ray of bony dorsal as long
as or longer than half depth of body, measuring to the eleventh row of scales from its base, scales
yfl3 41. Caudal not deeply furcate. No trace of palatine teeth. Radii D.10— 11; C4-17-4-; A. 3
— 11; V. 1 — 5; P. 1 — 12. Length three and one-half inches. General color olivaceous, (possibly
stained,) dorsal region, front and baf.e of tail, brown. Belly brighter; an elongate black spot on
upper part of operculum, without lighter border, and a round one on the middle of the last rays of
the second dorsal.

This is a more elongate species than the incisor, which it resembles, has longer fins and fewer
rays in the second dorsal. The opercular flap is much smaller.

1865.]

84 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

the preceding species in the pharyngeal teeth, (Pomotis rounded, molar-like ;
Ichthelis acute, canine, ace. to Holbrook,) they may be distinguished by the
anal radii — mac ulatus 91, incisor 101, and by the upper posterior process

of the operculum having a distinct serrate border in the former, in the latter
gradually losing its bony consistence ; there are also permanent marks of dis-
tinction in the coloration.

Chaenobryttus* melanops. Ichthelis melanops Raf. Ichth. ohiensis, p.
28. Not Calliurus melanops Gir., (Chaenobryttus Gill.) U. S. Pac. R.
R. x. p. 11.

Chaenobryttusf g u 1 0 s u s. Centrarchus C. V. Calliurus Ag.

I am indebted to Prof. Gill, of Washington, for the identification of this and
some other species of Centrarchine genera.

Ambloplites rupestris Raf. Gill, Proc. A. N. S., 1860, p. 20. Centrarchus
aeneus Auct.
302, Algoma, St. Clair Co. ; Long Lake ; Flint River.

Hyperistius hexacanthus Gill, Sillim. Journ., 37, p. 97,1864. Cuv.
Val. nee Centrarchus hexacanthus Kirtl.
Saginaw Bay, No. 238.

BATRACHIA.

Gradientia.
Necturus maculatus Bd.
Amblystoma 1 u r i d u m Bd.
Amblystoma fuscum Hallow.
Amblystoma punctatum Bd.
Amblystoma j e ffe rs oni anum Bd.
Amblystoma laterale Hallow.
Notophthalmus m i n i a t u s Bd.
Notophthalmus viridescens Baird.

SALIENTIA.

Chorophilus triseriatus Wied.
Acris crepitans Bd.
Hyla pickeringii Lee.
Hyla versicolor Lee.
Rana s e p t e n t r i o n a 1 i s Bd.

* Vid. Gill, in Sillim. Journ., 1864. 37— p. 94.

•}• An allied species was contained in a fine collection of fishes made in Minnesota by J. H. Slack,
M. D., and presented to the Academy by him. It may be thus distinguished :

Bryttus in i u e o p a s sp. nov. End of maxillary opposite posterior margin of pupil ; eye If to
twice in frontal breadth, five and a half to six times from end of muzzle to upper posterior bor-
der of opercular bone. Greatest depth 2l£ to 2% times in length to base of caudal. Length of
head to upper border suboperculnm a little over three times in length to base of <-audal. Opercu-
lar flap a mere border above, little prolonged, but wider opposite the superior angle ot subopercu-
lum. Spinous rays of dorsal very short; angles of caudal slightly rounded, the emargination
shallow, its length entering b}i in the total. Anal not reaching caudal, and prolonged beyond
second dorsal. The ventrals originate a little anterior to the first dorsal, and do not reach the anus ;
are two-thirds their length from anal ; pectorals not extending beyond them. Preopercular angle
finely denticulate. Scales JL 48 ; ten series on the cheek below orbit. Rays, D. X 11 ; C. +17 X ;

A III 9; V. 15; P. 12.

Color in alcohol light-reddish, shaded above with brown, below with yellow ; a black spot at
posterior base of second dorsal, the fin otherwise immaculate, sometimes dark shaded. Anal
shaded dusky, bordered with white; ventrals dusky. Opercular spot large, oval, bordered with
light narrowly above, more broadly inferiorly. No stripes on the head.

Specimens obtained at Minneopa, Minnesota.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 85

Rana clamitans Daud.
Rana silvatica Lee.
Rana halecina, Kalm.
Rana catesbyana Shaw.

The seventy-eight species embraced in the above synopsis form but part of
the fine zoological collection made by the State Geological Survey, under Prof.
Alexander Winchell.

Note on the Fishes brought from the Platte River, near Fort Riley, by Dr. Wm.

A. Hammond.

Bryttus longulns Gird., U. S. Pac. R. R. Rept., x. p. 16.

Stizostedium americanumC. V., Dekay, Zool. New York.

Poecilichthys m e s ae u s Cope, Pr. A. N. S. Phil., 1864, p. 232.

Gasterosteus micropus Cope, supra.

Trutta 1 e w i s i Gird., U. S. Pac. R. R. Rept., x. p. 318.

Hyodon tergisus Les., Gird. 1. c, p. 332.

Percopsis h a m m o n d i i Gill, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1864, p.

Fundulus sciadicus Cope, supra.

Carpiodes d am a lis Gird., loc. cit, p. 218.

Catostomus chloropterum Abbott, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, 473.

Campostomahippops Cope, Pr. A. N. S. Phila., 1864, p. 264.

Hybognathus e van si Gird., loc. cit., x. p. 236.

Pimephales promelas Raf., Ichth. ohiensis, p. 53.

Alburnus* oligaspis Cope, Pr. A. N. S. Phila., 1864, 282.

Gila af fin is Abb. 1. c, 1861, p. 474.

Semotilus corporalis Mitch., Putn. Sera, hammondii Abb., 1. c. p. 474.

Semotilus pallidus Gird., loc. cit., x. p. 251.

Platygobio gulonellus Cope, 1. c, 1864, p. 277.

Ceratichthys cyclotis Cope, Pr. A. N. S. 1864, p. 277.

Rhinichthys m a x i 1 1 o s u s Cope, loc. cit., 278.

Ictalurus cserulescens Raf. Pimrlodus hammondii Abbott, Pr. A. N. S.
Phila., 1861, 569, appears to be same as that named by Rafinesque palli-
dus marginatus.

* A species of this genus occurs in some of the tributaries of the Allegheny, e. g., the Kiskimi-
nitas, which differs from those hitherto described. The head is elongate conic and compressed,
the outline of the vertex ani front nearly plane, scarcely descending at the end of the muzzle;
length one-fifth the total, (thus differing from dilectus Gir. one-sixth). Operculum a little
higher than long. Mouth elongate, very oblique, end of maxillary opposite anterior margin of
orbit ; border of pre-maxillary above opposite middle of pupil, (differing in this from r u b e 1 1 u 8
Ag.) Orbit nearer end of muzzle than to opercular border, its diameter not reaching former, and
contained four times in length of head. Shape regularly fusiform, greatest depth five and one
half times in length including caudal. Scales £ 39+2, fewer than in u m b r a t i 1 i s, more than
in oligaspis, and much as in a m a b i 1 i s, m e g a 1 o p s and s o c i u s. These species are not
go elongate, have differently proportioned heads ami different coloration. The lateral line has a
long slight deflection as far as the dorsal fin. The pectorals do not reach the ventrals, which
originate anterior to the dorsal, and do not extend to the anal. Base of anal more elongate than
in rubellus, equal depth of body at its fourth ray. D. 1.8. C,-f-19+. A. 2, 10. V. 8, P. 11, the
four upper rays enlarged in the spring, as in Rhinichthys, etc, From origin of caudal to that of
dorsal equal from latter to posterior border or middle of orbit. Length 2 in. 6 lin.

Above yellowish olive, the scales with punctulate margins; a median dorsal line. A dark late-
ral band has a distinct outline on the third row of scales above the lateral line, but vanishes in
punctulations below ; it is broader and more distinct on the caudal peduncle. From its superior
border a silver reflection extends over the white abdomen. Sides of head silvery; chin, muzzle,
lips, front and vertex light vermiliion during the breeding season. The bases of the fins, except
the caudal, are similarly colored at this season. The pharyngeal teeth are but little hooked ; in
three specimens. 4. 2 — 1. 4, and in two. 4. 2—2. 4.

I have called this species Alburnus rub rif rons. Its form is quite different fiom that of the
A. nitidusKirtlani; the latter resembles more the Hybognathus proc ne.

1865.]

86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Ictalurus notatus Abb., loc. cit.
Amia c a 1 v a Linn.

Lepidosteus otarius, sp. nov.

Distinguished from the other species of the genus contained in the Mu9.
Academy, as below.

A complete series of adult and young specimens of Lep. huronensis,
from the Alleghany River and the Lakes, shows but a limited variation in the
relations of the diameter of the eye, operculum, cheek, and frontal width.
The Texan specimen included in the list below, may be the leptorhynchus
Gird., but that species is not recognizable from the description, Pac. R. R.
Rept., x. 351. I have seen no individuals assignable to the gracilis* Agass.,
Fauna Bor. Americ, Richardson., iii. p. 240.

I. Horizontal diameter of the eye more than half the dis-
tance from its border to the operculum.
a. Distance from pectoral to ventral fins considerably less than
from ventrals to anal.

Anterior border of operculum longer than horizontal diame-
ter of the same ; its inferior border straight. Eye one and
three-fourths to twice in frontal breadth. Scales smooth,
43 — 4, in a ring passing behind ventrals. From ventral
to anal three and a half to three and three-fifths times in
length from muzzle to inferior origin of caudal. Fourteen
specimens huronensis.

Operculum also higher than long, its lower border descend-
ing anteriorly. Eye one-third of frontal width ; 44 rows
of scales, as above, 57 on lateral line ; many on anterior
third of body rugose radiate. One spec crassus.]

* Cylindostreus pro ductus was brought by Dr. A. L. Heermann in a valuable collection
made in Texas, for the most part near fan Antonio, his place of residence. It approaches
nearer the true Lepidostei than any of the flat-billed species yet known : the bill is considerably
more elongate than in the platystomus, and the opercula more posterior. Length of bead
enters total length (including caudal) three and a half times in the former, four times in latter.
Width of muzzle at middle enters nine and one-half times the length of the head, above. Frontal
breadth five and one-half times in length of head above in productus, four and one half iu
platy s torn us. Orbit contained three times in distance from its posterior border to opercular,
and twice in fruntal width. Four scales border the occipital plates, and the line connecting the
opercular borders cuts the hinder edge of the third row. Parietnl plates presenting each a promi-
nent angle forwards, near the median suture: radii of upper surfaces of head but little broken
into granules. Scales perfectly smooth, with entire borders straight posterior to ventrals, anterior
without sigmoid curve. Plates of vertebral series each broader than long, anterior to ventrals.
Forty-one scales posterior, forty-three anterior to ventrals iu an armulus. Anterior border of
operculum linger thau the greatest length of the same. D. 8; C. 11; A. 7 ; P. 10. End of muzzle
to pectoral 5 in. ; pectoral to ventral 4 in., 3 1. Ventral to anal 4 in., 5 lin.; to caudal below 6 in.,
6 lin. Above light lead-colored; sides of body and head silvery, former densely punctulated;
latter with a series of spots on the jaws. Muzzle above with eight cross-bands to angle of mouth;
three across top of cranium. Below yellow, many scales (in a stuffed specimen,) spotted and
shaded with pink.

The spncies la tiros tris, oculatus, and alb us have the muzzle broader than, or similar
to, that of the platystomus.

t This is a stout, thick species, with broad head, and not very elongate muzzle Breadth just
anterior to opercula, three and a half times in total leaath of head from occipital shields : the
latter enters length to origin of caudal three and one-twelfth times. The front is slightly convex,
and descends strongly. The circumference of the body in front of the ventral fins is one-half the
length from the middle of the origin of the tail to the anterior border of the orbit. Four or
five rows of scales on the anterior third of the length are radiate grooved. End of the longest
dorsal ray above the first pair of braces of the lower caudal ray. Behind the ventrals, about eleven
rows of scales that are longer than high on each side of the median line. Rays D. 8; C. 12; A. 9 ;
V. 6; P 12. Above plumbeous, the scales with paler centres; below straw-color; several large
dark spots and shades on the sides, from the caudal fin to near the ventrals: all the fins spotted.
Length from end of muzzle to base of caudal, 2 ft., 11 in.; to origin of anal, 2 ft., 5 in.; to ventrals,
1 ft., 7j in.; to opercular border, 11 in., 5 lin.; to Anterior margin of orbit, 8 in. Length of pecto-
ral fin, 2 in., 6 lin. ; of ventral, 3 in.. 2 lin.; of anal, 3 in.

The type specimen was probably taken in brackish water at Bombay Hook, near the mouth of
the Delaware River.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 87

aa. Distance from pectoral to ventral equal to or greater than
from ventral to anal.
Operculum higher than long. From ventral to anal four
times from muzzle to lower origin of caudal ; head two
and three-fourths times in length to same point : 43—4
rows of scales in ring: 57 in lateral line: faint traces of

radii on a few anterior rows. One spec longirostris.

Operculum- longer than high. Scales smooth, in 41 rows
in ring behind ventrals ; lat. lin. 61—3. Head three and
one-sixth in length to inferior base of caudal. Eye one
and two-thirds in frontal breadth. Generally as in h u r o-

nensis. Three spec •••• otarius.

II. Horizontal diam. of eye contained ir-ore than twice,
from its post. bord. to operculum.

a. Scales smooth.

Eye 2£ in front; lat. line 58 ; pect. fin 13 rays sp. from Texa3.

Eye 3^ in front ; lat. line 64 ; pect. fin 11 rays. One spec, oxyurus.
aa. Scales on anterior half or more of body crenate and some-
what radiate and tuberculate.
Head three times from end of muzzle to lower origin of cau-
dal ; from ventral to pectoral a little less than from v. to
anal. Opercular anterior suture longer than length of
operculum. Eye three and two-thirds to three and five-
sixths in frontal breadth. Scales 47 to 50 in ring behind
ventrals, and 56 in lateral line. Two specimens osseus.

In the L. otarius the temporal breadth is contained more than five times
in the total length of the head. D. 8, A. 9, P. 12. The borders of the scales
are hirsute, as in h u r o n e n 9 i s, and the shorter straight, behind the line of
the ventral fins, except a few toward the dorsal region. The first row in front
of the dorsal is the third from the inferior origin of the caudal, and fifth from
the anal. The parietal membrane shields present each a principal angle ante-
riorly near the median line ; five scales bound the occipitals posteriorly. From
end of muzzle to anterior border of orbit 5 in., 6 lin. ; to anterior horder of
operculum 7 in., 10 lin. ; to posterior edge of do., 8 in., 8 lin. ; to origin of
ventrals, 15 in. ; to inferior origin of caudal, 24 in., 9 lin. Lead-colored
above ; the sides silvery ; below white. Pectoral and ventral fins unspotted ;
the others spotted : the anal sparsely ; a black spot at base of caudal.

Number of species obtained by Dr. Hammond, 23 ; in the Michigan synop-
sis, 63 ; species occurring in both, Amia, Hyodon, Stizostedium americanum,
Ceratichthys, Pimephales promelas, and Semotilus corporalis. In the
following list is shown the number of species of the synopsis as yet known
to occur in the Ohio and tributaries, the Susquehanna, and the Delaware :

Michigan. Ohio. Susquehanna. Delaware.

Ganoidei 3 2 0 0

Nematognathi ••.. 4* 3 1 1

Eventoguathi 28 10 6 4

Malacopterygii * 7 ?3 1 1

Acanthopterygii 19 12 ?5 ?3

Supplementary Note on a peculiar genus of CrpRiNiDiE.

I obtained a small fish in the Kiskiminitas River, Western Pennsylvania,
the present spring, which appears to be related in structure to allied genera
of the Cyprinidae, as Acerina is to some others among Percidse. Its gene-

* Ameurus d e k a y i must be added to the Catalogue pt. I., and the supposed Ictalurus gra-
cilis is the coerulescens.

1865.]

88 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

ral appearance is that of a small Gobio or a Hybognathus, with the muzzle
rather heavier than is usual in either ; but examination shows that, besides
the absence of barbels, it is peculiar in that the suborbital and interopercular
bones, with the rami of the mandible, are greatly dilated, and bear septary
laminae, which separate mucous cavities, relatively as large as those of Acerina
or Percopsis. They extend in two series ; seven from the postorbital bone to
the side of the end of the muzzle, and eight from the same point to the sym-
physis mandibuli. The muzzle overlaps the mandible ; no cartilage on the
latter. Scales large, the usual surface exposed. Anal shoit, originating op-
posite end of depressed dorsal. Origin of ventrals opposite first dorsal ray.
Pharyngeal bones slender ; teeth acutely uncinate-raptatory, without masti-
catory surface, 4-1 — 0-4.

I am not aware that any genus of Cyprinidae is known to exist in America
or the old world, which possesses the cavernous structure above mentioned.
Traces of it may be observed on the interoperculum in certain genera, e. g.,
Hypsilepis.

The suboperculum is small ; operculum height to breadth as one and one-
half to one. Head broad, muzzle obtusely rounded. Canthus of mouth op-
posite nares. Length of head contained three and five-sixths times to origin
of caudal ; greatest depth (at dorsal) nearly five times in the same. Caudal
peduncle elongate, not constricted. Eye large, contained a little more than
three times in length of head, a little more than frontal width. Origin of
dorsal a little in advance of the point midway between end of muzzle and
origin of caudal, its anterior ray equals half the distance from its base to an-
terior nostril. Caudal furcate one-half its length. Ventrals barely reaching
vent ; pectorals attaining ventrals. Scales 5 33 ; exposed portion with very
numerous and delicate radii and concentric lines, not visible to the naked
eye. A narrow space from vent to opposite middle of pectorals scaleless.
Fins, DI. 8. C.+17+. A. I. 8. V. 8. P. 12. Lateral line nearly straight. Along
and above it is a lateral band of brown punctulations ; general color above
yellowish olive, the edges of the scales dark-shaded, and a narrow brown ver-
tebral line from nape to tail. Below lateral line silvery. Dorsal and caudal
fins rosy. Length from muzzle to opercular edge 7 1. ; to dorsal fin 13 1. ; to
end of appressed anal 1 in. 9 1. ; to origin of caudal 2 in. 2 1. ; to end of caudal
2 in. 8 1.

This species appears not to have come under the notice of Prof. Kirtland or
of Raiinesque. It may be called Ericymba b u c c a t a.

Descriptions of Eight new species of TJNIO of the United States.

BY ISAAC LEA.

ITnio doliaris. — Testa laevi, elliptica, valde inflatfi, inaequilaterali, postice
obtuse angulata, antice rotundata; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus ;
natibus promiueutibus, valde inflatus ; epidermide virido-lutea., radiis undique
indutis ; dentibus cardinalibtis erectis, acuminatis, compresso-conicis crenu-
latisque ; lateralibus sublongis, curvatis corrugatisque ; margarita alba et
valdfe iridescente.

Hab. — Etowah River, Georgia. Rev. G. White.

Unio protensus. — Testa laevi, late elliptica, subcompressa, valde inaequi-
laterali, postice subbiangulata, antice rotunda ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice
aliquantd crassioribus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca,
obsolete radiata, ; dentibus cardinalibus minimis, obliquis striatisque ; late-
ralibus pnelongis subcurvisque ; margariti vel caeruleo-alba vel salmonia, et
iridescente.

Hab. — North Carolina. Prof. E. Emmons.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 89

Unio punctatcs. — Testa laevi, elliptica, ad latere planulata, valde inaequi-
laterali, postice et antice rotundata ; valvulis crassis, antice aliquanto crassi-
oribus ; natibus vix promiuulis ; epidermide olivacea, ; radiis punctatis
undique indutis ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compresso-conicis crenula-
tisque ; lateralibus longis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et
iridescente.

JIab.-Ca.ney Fork, Tennessee, Dr. Edgar ; and Tuscumbia, Alabama,
B. Pybas.

Unio amabilis. — Testa laevi, triangulari, subinflata, inaequilaterali, postice
angulata, antice rotunda, valvulis crassiusculis, antice crassioribus ; natibus
subprominentibus, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide vel luteola vel fuscescente,
obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, obliquis corrugatisque ; late-
ralibus sublongis, obliquis corrugatisque ; margarita vel alba, vel dilute sal-
nionia et valde iridescente.

Hub. — Butler, Taylor Co., Georgia. H. M. Neisler.

Unio Lyonii. — Testa laevi, subrotunda, subcompressa, inaequilaterali : val-
vulis subcrassis, antice crassioribus ; natibus prominentibus ; epidermide
rufo-fusca, late radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, subcompressis
corrugatisque ; lateralibus crassis, obliquis subcurvisque ; margarita dilute
salmonia et valde iridescente.

Hub.— East Tennessee. Major S. S. Lyon, U. S. E.

Unio proprids. — Testa laevi, oblonga, subinflata, inaequilaterali, postics
obtuse angulata, antice rotunda; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassioribus;
natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide lutea, eradiata ; dentibus
cardinalibus parvis, acuminatis, erectis, compressis ; lateralibus sublongis
subcurvisque ; margarita vel purpurea vel salmonis colore tincta et irides-
dente.

Rob. — Lafayette, Georgia. Rev. G. White.

Unio Cromwellii. — Testa laevi, elliptica, subinflata, valde inaequilaterali,
postice rotundata, antice rotunda ; valvulis subtenuibus, antice crassiusculis ;
natibus subprominentibus, ad apices concentricis plicatis ; epidermide minute
striata, fusca, vel virenti, radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis,
corrugatis, in utroque valvulis duplicibus ; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque ;
margarita purpurescente et valde iridescente.

Jlab. — Kiokee Creek, near Albany, Dougherty Co., Georgia. B. M. Crom-
well, M. D.

Unio marginis. — Testa elliptica, inflata, valde inaequilaterali, postice et
antice rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis, antice crassioribus; natibus sub-
prominentibus; epidermide striata, fusca, marginata, obsolete radiata, den-
tibus cardinalibus parviusculis, valde crenulatis ; lateralibus subcurtis
rectisque ; margarita alba et valde iridescente.

Hab. — Blue Springs, Dougherty Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott.

An Examination of the Birds of the genus CHRYSOMITRIS, in the Museum of
the' Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

BY JOHN CASSIN.

Genus CHRYSOMITRIS, Boie.

(Genus Chrysomitris, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 322.)

1 . Chrysomitris.

1. Chrysomitris spinus, (Linnaeus.)

Fringilla spinus, Linn.; Syst. Nat., i. p. 181, (1758.)
PI. Enl. 485. Gould, B. of Eur., pi. 197. Naum., B. of Germ., pi. 125.

1865.]

90 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Numerous specimens from Europe. Two specimens, male and female, seem
to be smaller, and may be C. pistacina, Bonap., Consp. Av., i. p. 515. They
are in adult plumage, and are quite identical with C. spinus in all characters
except size, and a slightly greater elongation of the bill. Though evidently
the preparations of one collector, these two specimens bear no reliable label
indicating locality.

2. Chrysomitris spinescens, Bonaparte.

Chrysomitris spinescens, Bonap., Consp. Av., i. p. 517, (1850.)
" Fringilla spinescens, Licht., Mus. Berol." Bonap. ut supra.
Several specimens, labelled South America. Of all of the birds of this
group, this species is most nearly related to C. spinus of Europe, and in the
greatest degree resembles it in colors. It is sufficiently described in Conspec-
tus Avium, as above cited, and can be distinguished readily from any other
species, though resembling in colors C. Yarrellii, (Aud.) The latter is
smaller, with the bill larger, and having the yellow parts of the plumage
clearer, or less tinged with green.

3. Chrysomitris barbata, (Molina.)

Fringillabarbata, Mol., Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, (1782), 2d ed.. p. 209, (1810.)
Carduelis Stanleyi, Aud., Syn. B. of N. A., p. 118, (1839.) '
Chrysomitris marginalis, Bonap., Consp. Av., i. p. 517, (1850.)
Chrysomitris campestris, Gay, Hist. Chili, (not of Spix, Av. Bras.)
Crithagra flavospecularis, Hartl. Naum., 1853, p. 213.
Aud., B. of Am., oct. ed., iii. pi. 185. Gilliss' Astronom. Exp. Chili, ii. pi. 17.

Specimens from Chili in the Academy Museum and in the National Muse-
um ; and, through the kindness of Professor Baird, I have also before me the
original specimen of C. Stanleyi, Audubon, described and figured by that
author as above. The last is either a young male or female, and has the
general appearance of specimens collected and prepared by the late Dr. Town-
send, several of which Audubon erroneously described as from California. A
specimen of the same species, in much more mature plumage, is in the
Academy Museum, from Dr. Townsend's collection, and is labelled in his
handwriting, " Valpo. Chili, $, J. K. Townsend." The specimens from Chili
in the Academy, and those of Townsend and Audubon, are quite identical,
and entitled to all the names above specified.

The colors of this species are not fairly represented in Audubon's plate,
above referred to, though sufficiently accurate for the recognition of the fe-
male, or of the male in imperfect plumage. The plate in Gilliss' Rept. is
better, though the transverse band on the wing is unusually pale, and is
generally yellow. The description by me in the same volume, (as cited
above, p. 181,) is correct. Though having the black cap and black throat
and general colors of the typical C. spinus, the bill in the present bird is much
thicker, and the general organization more robust. The affinities of this
species are, however, clearly in this group, but it is not so nearly related to
Carduelis spinoides, Vigors, of India, as to be properly included in the same
genus, which Dr. Cabanis considers probable (Mus. Ilein., i. p. 161). That
species, C. spinoides, is quite properly separated from Chrysomitris by that ex-
cellent and distinguished ornithologist, and is the type of his genus Ilypacan-
this, though in my opinion not fully entitled to generic distinction. Its
relations are, I think, to the group Chlorospiza, Bonaparte, and especially to
the species C. kawariba, C. sinica, and perhaps others.

Specimens of this species, from the collection made in Chili by Gilliss'
Expedition, have the transverse band on the wing nearly white, as represented
in the plate cited above. In all other respects they are identical with others
in a collection made in Peru and Chili, and presented by the Hon. John Ran-
dolph Clay, late Minister of the United States to the former country. They

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 91

are identical, also, as stated above, with the types of Audubon's C. Stanleyi,
which were undoubtedly collected at Valparaiso, Chili, by Dr. Townsend.

4. Chrysomitris pinus, (Wilson.)

Fringilla pinus, Wils. Am. Orn., ii. p. 133, (1810.)
Wils. Am. Orn., ii. pi. 17. Aud. B. of Am., pi. 180. Oct. ed., iii. pi. 180.

Numerous specimens from various localities in North America, but pre-
senting no important differences. This species shows in colors but little
similarity or near relationship with any other of this group. It is well known,
and a favorite with collectors in the Middle States of this Republic, as one of
the specialities of winter shooting, and is best known in its winter plumage.
The summer plumage ought to differ materially, judging from the seasonal
changes that take place in C. tristis and other species of this group. Speci-
mens from Orizaba, Mexico, in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution,
seem to be identical with others from the United States, and I fail to dis-
cover in any of them the characters of C. macroptera, Du Bus.

2. Pyrrhomitris.

5. Chrysomitris cucullata, (Swainson.)

Carduelis cucullata, Swains., Zool. 111., i. p. (not paged, 1820.)
Fringilla Cubae, Gerv., Mag. Zool., 1835, p. (not paged.)
Swains. Zool. 111., i. pi. 7. Mag. Zool., 1835, pi. 44.

Numerous specimens of both sexes, labelled " Trinidad," and, in one in-
stance, " Cayenne;" and also one specimen in a collection made by Mr. Geo.
Robbins, in Venezuela. The last, though in nearly mature plumage, is re-
markable for having the transverse band on the wing dull yellow, instead of
the usual pale red, and is the only instance of that description of variatiou
that I have seen in this species.

3. Melanomitris,

6. Chrysomitris atrata, (D'Orbigny et Lafresnaye.)

Carduelis atrata, D'Orb. et Lafres., Mag. Zool., 1837, p. 83.
D'Orb., Voy. Am. Mer. Ois., pi. 48, fig. 2.

One specimen in adult plumage, from Verreaux, and another not mature,
from D Orbigny's collection. The former is almost precisely as given in the
figure of D'Orbigny, as cited, but his description is different, and more like
the present specimen from his collection, having the under parts from the
breast mixed with pale yellow feathers. He says in his description in Voy.
Amer. Mer. Ois., p. 364 : " sublus lotafiava, gutture, collo, peclore hypochondriis-
quefusco striatis." The description in Mag. Zool., as above cited, is different,
and applies strictly to the adult bird.

7. Chrysomitris uropygialis, Sclater.

Chrysomitris uropygialis, Sclat., Cat. Am. B., p. 125, (1862.)

Easily distinguished from the preceding by its yellow rump, and by having
the entire under parts of the body and under wing coverts yellow. Specimens
from Gilliss' Exp. to Chili, now in the National Museum in charge of the
Smithsonian Institution, were mistaken by me for the preceding, (C. atratus,)
having at that time only the young specimen from D'Orbigny's collection, to
which I above allude, and relying on it for my determination of the species.

8. Chrysomitris Bryantii, nobis.

Resembling both of the preceding, but smaller, and with the entire upper
parts, including the rump, clear lustrous black in the male, and with the
head also black. Under parts of body, under wing coverts, and under tail

1865.]

92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

coverts, yellow. Wing with a large transverse band of yellow, not including
the first quill, and not extending longitudinally on the quills, but abruptly
defined, (differing in that respect from both C. atratus and C. uropygialis.)
Quills externally (in the male,) clear lustrous black, without paler margins,
internally edged wi£h pale yellow, forming a large spot of that color on the
inferior surface of the wing. Sides of body mixed with black feathers. Tail
black, all the feathers, except the two in the middle, with their bases yellow.
Bill and feet bluish black, under mandible lighter at base.

Female. Entire upper parts, including the head above, dark green, under
parts greenish yellow, middle of abdomen and under tail coverts yellowish
white. Wing brownish black, with a large transverse band of yellow, re-
stricted, as in the male ; tail brownish black, yellow at base.

Total length 4} to 4£ inches, wing 2£ to"2§, tail 1£ to If inches, "extent
of wings 6J inches."

Hab. Dota, Costa Rica. Discovered by Mr. Julian Carmiol. Spec, in
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution.

This handsome little species is allied to C. atrata and C. uropygialis, and of
the same general colors, but is much smaller than either, being little larger
than C. mezicana and G. Columbiana. It is easily distinguished by having the
entire head and upper parts uniform lustrous black, and the under parts
yellow. The large yellow spots on the wings are "restricted, and do not ex-
tend longitudinally along the primary quills, as in the preceding and other
species.

This interesting little bird is dedicated to my friend Henry Bryant, M. D.,
of Boston, Mass., as a slight token of my respect for his many accomplish-
ments as a gentleman and naturalist, and in pleasant remembrance of years
of uninterrupted friendship.

4. Sporagra.

«

9. Chrysomitris magellanica, CVieillot.)

Fringilla magellanica, Vieill., Nouv. Diet., xii. p. 1C8, (1817.)
Fringilla icterica, Licht. Verz., p. 26, (1823.)
Fringilla campestris, Spix, Av. Bras., ii. p. 48, (1825.)
Vieill., Ois. Chant., pi. 30. Aud., B. of Am., pi. 394. Oct. ed., iii. pi. 182.

Numerous specimens from South America, in which there is not so much
uniformity of specific characters as is desirable, though I find myself unable
to trace sufficient regularity for distinction or separation. In specimens from
Southern Brazil the black of the head seems to be more restricted, and ex-
tends but slightly on the neck in front, and the light edgings of the quills
and wing coverts are nearly obsolete. This appears to be the species figured
by Audubon as above, and stated by him to have been obtained in Kentucky.

10. Chrysomitris notata, (Du Bus.)

Carduelis notata, Du Bus., Bull. Acad. Bruss., 1847, p. 106.

Numerous specimens from Mexico. Resembling the preceding, (C. magel-
lanica,) but easily distinguished by its deep black wings, without paler
edgings, though the extension of the black of the head on the neck in front
is bv no means a special nor reliable character of this species. Specimens in
the collection of the Smithsonian Institution are from Mirador and Orizaba,
Mexico, and from Gautemala.

'j

5. Astragalinus.

11. Chrysomitris tristis, (Linnaeus.)

Fringilla tristis, Linn., Svst. Nat., i. p. 181, (1758.)
Fringilla Taria, Mull., Syst. Nat., Supp., p. 163, (1776.)
Carduelis americana, Rich and Sw., Faun. Bor. Am., ii. p. 268, (1831.)
Wils., Am. Orn , i. pi. 1. Aud., B. of Am., pi. 33. Oct. ed., iii. pi. 181.
Buff., PI. Enl., 292.

[May,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 93

Numerous specimens, all of which are from North America.

12. Cheysomitris Yarrellii, (Audubon.)

Carduelis Yarrelli, Aud., Syn. B. of N. A., p. 117, (1839.)
Aud., B. of Am., pi. 433, fig. 4, 5. Oct. ed., iii. pi. 184.

Three specimens, apparently adult male and female and young male, all of
which have been labelled in Europe, " Orenoque." Through the kindness of
Prof. Baird, I have also before me the original specimen of Audubon, which
seems to be entirely identical with the former, except that the quills are
edged externally with greenish yellow. This bird is accurately figured by
Audubon, as above cited, and is a strongly marked species, though apparently
not known to ornithologists. At present I know of no other name for it,
though it may have been given in another genus, on account of its thick and
strong bill. Audubon's specimen bears no indication of locality, though
stated by him to have been from California, which I regard as probably
erroneous.

13. Chrysomitris Lawrencei, (Cassin.)

Carduelis Lawrencei, Cass., Proc. Acad., Philada., v. p. 105, (1850.)

Pr. Acad., Philada., v. pi. 5.

Now well known as a bird of the western countries of North America,
though apparently not found abundantly by collectors. This curious little
bird does not intimately resemble any other in its colors or general specific
characters.

6. Psendomitris.

14. Chrysomitris psaltria, (Say.)

Fringilla psaltria, Say, Long's Exp., ii. p. 40, (1823.)
Bonap , Am. Orn., i. pi. 6. Aud., B. of Am., pi. 394. Oct. ed., iii. pi. 183.

Specimens from California. Apparently an abundant species in the western
countries of North America ; carefully figured by Bonaparte, as above cited,
and sufficiently so for recognition by Audubon. The assignment of this
species and the two immediately succeeding to this genus, I regard as
probably erroneous.

15. Chrysomitris mexicana, (Swainson.)
Carduelis mexicana, Sw., Phil. Mag , 1827, p. 435.
Fringilla melanoxantha, Wagl., Isis, 1831, p. 525.
Fringilla texensis, Giraud, B. of Tex., p. 21, (1841.)
Chrysomitris nana, Bonap., Consp. Av., i. p. 516, (1850.) ?

Baird, U. S. and Mex. Bound. Rept., pi. 16. B. of N. A., pi. 54. Giraud,
B. of Tex., pi. 5.

From Mexico and Lower California. One specimen, labelled " Valparaiso,' '
in the hand-writing of M. Victor Massena. Distinguishable from the next
species (C. columbiana,) only by several of the outer tail feathers being white,
— a character liable to some variation, several specimens which I assign to
this species having only a trace of white, and, in fact, with this character so
little developed as to present a difficulty somewhat in specific distinction.

Specimens of this little bird in the museum of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion are from Texas and New Mexico, and have also been received from Costa
Rica, in the interesting collections of Mr. Julian Carmiol.

16. Chrysomitris columbiana, Lafresnaye.

Chrysomitris columbiana, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 292.

Specimens labelled "Bogota " and " Ameriq. Merid." Singularly like the
preceding, but with the tail entirely black.

1865.]

94 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

The three last species, here given as C.psaltria, O. mezicana, and C. Columbi-
ana, and so given also generally by modern authors, I regard as very probably
not belonging to this genus. In my opinion these little birds are more nearly
related to the group given by Dr. Sclater as Cyanospizinse, and possibly are
entitled to generic distinction.

June 6th.

Mr. Cassin, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Twenty-one members present.

The following papers were presented for publication :
" Descriptions of new species of Fossils from the Marshall Group of
Michigan, &c." By Alexander Winchell.

" Descriptions of new species of Eocene Tertiary Fossils." By R.

P. Whitfield.

•

Dr. Leidy exhibited some bones and teeth of Horses from California and
Oregon, recently submitted to his examination by Prof. J. D. Whitney. He
stated that fossil remains of Horses had been found throughout the length
and breadth of the North American continent. They had been obtained from
the frozen cliffs of Eschscholtz Bay, in Arctic America, and from Honduras in
Central America; from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North
and South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, Missouri, Ne-
braska and Texas. Many of the remains are undistinguishable in anatomical
character from corresponding bones and teeth of the domestic horse ; others
are comparatively large, though not larger than in the largest variety of the
latter, but their molar teeth exhibit a more complex folding of the enamel
than is seen in the domestic horse. Dr. L. considers it probable that the
fossils represent several extinct species, all differing from the living horse,
though this was not a matter of demonstration.

Most of the remains from California, among them an entire skull, are un-
changed in appearance, and are undistinguishable from corresponding parts
of the Mustang, or recent Indian Horse of the West, though taken from au-
riferous gravel a considerable depth from the surface.

Among the California specimens are several molar teeth having more the
general appearance of true fossils than the others, though they are also but
slightly changed. Two of them are second upper molars from different indi-
viduals, of more robust proportions than any of the recent looking specimens,
and equal in this respect to the corresponding teeth found anywhere. One
of the teeth was taken from auriferous clay at a depth of thirty feet below
the surface, in Tuolumne County, and is slightly infiltrated with oxide of
iron. The other was obtained from a bed of asphaltum, in company with a
last lower molar, near Beuna Vista Lake, and is impregnated with bitumen.
These two upper molars, strongly resembling each other, differ from the more
recent looking specimens, and from the corresponding teeth of the domestic
horse, in the remarkable degree of simplicity of the enamel folding, as seen
on the triturating surfaces. They differ in another circumstance, which is
perhaps accidental, or at least was dependent on the peculiar character of
the food, that is to say, the triturating surface, in both specimens, is remarka-
bly flat, whereas, in the horse ordinarily it is worn into two transverse hills.
Dr. L. was disposed to view these teeth as representing a species different
from any heretofore indicated, and proposed for it the name of Equus occi-
dentals. The measurement of the specimens are as follows : Anteropos-
terior diameter of triturating surface 14| lines, 1 5^ lines; transverse diameter
of do. 12£ lines, 13J lines.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 95

June \%th.
Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.
Nineteen members present.

June 20(h.
Mr. Cassin, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Sixteen members present.

The following papers were presented for publication :

¥ New species of Mordellidae." By C. A. Helmuth, M. D.

" Note on the species of Myodites," and " Notes on the species of
Harpalus, &c." By John L. LeConte, M. D.

" On a new Genus of Serraninae." By Theo. Gill.

The death was announced of Mr. William Parker Foulke, member
of the Academy, on the 18th inst.

By resolution, Mr. Aubrey H. Smith was requested to prepare a
biographical notice of Mr. Foulke for publication in the Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy directed the attention of the members to some shells, bones,
fragments of pottery, &c, which had been recently obtained at Cape Hen-
lopen. He stated that, during the last week, he had accompanied a small
party in a steamboat excursion to the Delaware Breakwater. The boat
having anchored inside the latter, he went ashore opposite the little town of
Lewes and strolled along the beach towards the light-house. About half a
mile inland, and about a mile from Lewes, he observed large accumulations
of shells. These extended over a space of about half a mile, at the foot of a
high sand dune which had encroached upon and partly destroyed a forest of
pine and cedar trees. The accumulations of shells consist mainly of those
of oysters and clams, many of large size, but most of them small, and gene-
rally more or less comminuted, as if by the action of fire. The loose white
sand of the piles, when scraped from the surface, exhibited intermingled
black pulverulent matter, apparently carbonaceous, and in some places pieces
of charcoal. Many fragments of rude pottery were strewed among the shells,
being of the sort made by the Indians, and consisting of baked clay with
powdered shells. Some of the fragments are coarsely ornamented on the ex-
terior. On scraping the sand and shells at random, a clay smoking-pipe
was discovered. The specimen, exhibited by Dr. Leidy, is about four inches
long, and has a conical bowl, bent at an obtuse angle from a thick stem and
ornamented with bands and triangles of points. A few rude arrow heads
and many small chips of yellow and red jasper were found among the heaps.
In one of the piles portions of a human skeleton were discovered, of which
Dr. L. exhibited fragments of the skull, jaws, and a humerus.

Dr. L. observed that, notwithstanding the interest of this North American
Indian " Kjokkenmoduing, ' or kitchen refuse heap, he had but an hour to
examine it.

The part of Cape Henlopen on which the accumulations are situated is
composed of loose white sand with few pebbles or shells, and is remarkably
barren. Oysters and clams are not now found living within some miles of
the shell heaps. The Captain of the steamboat, who lived at Lewes, stated
that the heaps were known to the neighboring people under the name of
Indian heaps.

1865.]

96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

June 21th.

Mr. Cassin, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Thirteen members present.

On Report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

New Species of MORDELLIDiE collected in Illinois.
BY C. A. HELMUTH, M. D.

MORDELLA.

M. lunulata. Anal style long, slender. Last joint of maxillary palpi
scalene triangular. Black; head, margins of thorax, scutellum, basal margin
of elytra, a humeral lunule and suture cinereous pubescent, beneath varied
with cinereous and black. "18.

MORDELLISTENA.

M. intermixta. Hind tibiee with two equal ridges ; first joint of hind
tarsi with two, second with one ridge. Black ; mouth, front legs and elytra
piceous ; pubescence of elytra dark brown, with light hairs intermixed. -10.

M. auricoma. Hind tibiae with two equal ridges; first joint of hind
tarsi with three, second with two ridges. Black, linear ; pubescence brown
sericeous ; head, antenna;, anterior half of thorax, front and middle legs fer-
ruginous. "11.

M. nigerrima. Hind tibiae with two ridges, the anterior one extending
across the tibia; first joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two ridges.
Narrow, entirely black ; pubescence grayish. -09.

Note on the Species of MYODITES Latr. inhabiting the United States.
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

The species of this genus are found on the flowers of Solidago, in the
months of August and September. As they are not much sought after by
collectors, several species probably yet remain to be discovered.

The following analytical table will separate the species now before me.
The measurements are decimals of an English inch :

Abdomen yellow; podex piceous ; elytra yellow, immaculate.

•36. Vertex prominent, acutely carinated 1. s c ab er Lee.

•30. Vertex prominent, not carinated 2. semiflavus n. sp.

Abdomen of both sexes black.

•24. Vertex obtusely rounded, elytra yellow. 3. 1 u t e i p e n n i s n. sp.

•28. Vertex prominent, slightly carinated ; elytra sparsely punctured, with
the base and outer margin black 4. fasciatus Lee.

•20. Vertex acutely prominent and carinated ; elytra densely punctured,
with the base aud outer margin blackish 5. W a Is h i i n. sp.

•12 — -14. Vertex slightly but acutely prominent; elytra fuscous; middle
and tip pale 6. stylopides Newman.

1. M. s c a b e r. Niger, confertim subtiliter punctatus, vertice conico, apice
acute breviter carinato ; thorace linea dorsali tenuissima elevata ; elytris

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 97

politis, Iuteis parce subtiliter punctatis ; abdomen (feminae) flavum, fortiter
punctatum, segmentis anticis dorsalibus fere lasvibus, ultimo dorsali piceo ;
pedes nigri. Long. -35.

Myodes scaber Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 67.

One mutilated female, from Creek Boundary Survey. Collected by S. W.
Woodhouse, M. D. The antennae are wanting. The wings as usual, in the
females have a broad fuscous band near the tip.

2. M. s emif 1 avu s. Niger, subtiliter minus dense punctatus, vertice ob-
tuse conico, apice haud carinato ; thorace basi rotundato, linea dorsali nulla ;
elytris politis laevibus, flavis, callo humerali obscuro ; abdomen (feminae)
flavum parce subtiliter punctatum, apice piceum ; pedibus testaceo variega-
gatis. Long -30.

Maryland. One specimen given me by Rev. J. G. Morris.
■The antennae are wanting. The anterior feet are entirely testaceous, with
the base of the thighs dusky ; the middle thighs are dusky, and the tibia?
and tarsi testaceous ; the hind feet are entirely dusky. The wings have a,
broad smoky band near the tip.

3. M. 1 u t eip enn i s. Niger, capite, thoraceque minus dense punctatis,
vertice tumido, apice rotundato, haud carinato ; thorace plaga laevi utrinque
ornato ; basi rotundato, medio minute emarginato ; elytris politis flavis, basi
fortius, apice parce punctatis, callo humerali fusco, abdomen subtiliter minus
dense punctatum ; antennae fuscse, pedes anteriores flavo-testacei, postici
nigri. Long. -24.

New York. Two females given me by Mr. Koestlin. Very distinct by the
obtusely rounded vertex. The wings have a broad fuscous band near the
tip.

4. M. fasciatus. Niger, subtiliter dense punctatus, et breviter pubes-
cens, vertice conico, apice carinato; thorace linea dorsali brevi impressa ;
basi late rotundata medio paulo emarginata ; elytris politis, parce punctatis,
flavis, basi margineque externa usque ad medium nigris ; abdomen fortiter
punctatum; antennae fuscse; pedes picei tarsia testaceis ; antici testaceo-
marginati. Long. *26.

Leconte, Say's Entom., Writings, 2, 162.
Dorthesia fasciata Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 274.
Two females from Pennsylvania.

5. M. Walsh ii. Niger subtiliter dense punctatus et breviter pubescens,
vertice anguste elevato et carinato ; thorace plaga parva laevi utrinque or-
nato, linea dorsali nulla, ad basin rotundato ; elytris subopacis, rugulosis,
subtilius punctatis, flavis, basi margineque externo ad medium nigris ; ab-
domen dense punctatum ; antennas fuscae ; testaceae pedes fusco-testacei ; fe--
moribus anterioribus basi, posticisque fuscis. Long. "20.

One male. Rock Island, Illinois. B. D. Walsh, Esq. The wings are en-
tirely hyaline. Distinct from M. fasciatus by the vertex being less
prominent, and therefore appearing more acute at the tip, by the base of the
thorax being not emarginate at the middle, and by the finer and denser punc-
tuation of the elytra. t

6. M. stylopides. Niger, capite punctato, vertice medio submucronato ;
thorace confertim subtilius punctato, plaga magna laevi utriuque signato ;
elytris snbtiliter rugosis, punctatis, nebula media, margineque apicali palli-
dis, ore pedibusque obscure testaceis ; antennis fusco-testaceis. Long. *12 —
•14.

Myodes stylopides Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 376.

9 Dorthesia Jiavicornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 274.

Myodes flavkornis Lee, Say's Ent. Writings, 2, 162.

Washington, D. C. ; Baron Osten Sacken ; Canada, Mr. William Couper.

The front and mouth are usually dark testaceous ; the vertex has a small

1865.] 7

08 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

acute tubercle ; the punctures of the thorax are fine, and there is a smooth
space each side of the middle. The elytra are finely rugous, sparsely punc-
tured, and vary in color, from black to fuscous ; there is a pale band at the
middle, sometimes reduced to a sutural spot ; the apical margin is also pale.
The pectus and sides of the abdomen are tolerably coarsely punctured. The
antennae are fuscous, sometimes paler ; the feet are dark testaceous. The
wings of the male are transparent; iu the female there is a subapical fuscous
cloud as usual.

In none of my specimens are the antennae bright yellow, as described by
Say, and I therefore suppose his description to refer to a species unknown to
me.

7. M. americanus Guerin, Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. xi. 369. Icon. Re"gne
An. tab. 34, fig. 5.

Unknown to me ; seems by the figure to be an entirely black species, about
the size of M. f a s c i a t u s.

Notes on the Speoiea of EAEPALUS inhabiting America, north of Mexico.
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

My attention has been recently drawn to the essay on classification of the
Harpalini of Denmark, by Schiodte,* and I have attempted by aid of the ideas
therein developed to group our species in a natural manner. In doing this,
I have noticed peculiarities in some of them, which seem to show that
the characters used in the essay quoted do not possess the value that has
been attributed to them by the author.

Thus, for example, in the first division (genuine Ilarpalini,) Bradycellus is
separated from all the other genera by the last joint of the palpi being atten-
uate, and the body smooth ; in the other genera the last joint of the palpi is
fusiform, and the body reticulate.

I find that this is correct, as far as relates to the genera allied to Aniso-
dactylus; but fails in the others; in Stenomorphus and Gynandropus the
surface is not reticulate, while in Gynandrotarsus it is quite distinctly so.
In most species of the group (or perhaps genus) Selenophorus the surface is
reticulate, but in the iridescent species (o p a 1 i n u s Lee, gagatinus Dej.,
and i r i p e n n i s Say,) no trace of reticulation can be seen ; in S. f a t u u s
Lee. it can scarcely be observed.

Similar exceptions may be found among the typical Harpalus : thus in H.
amputatus Say, the female is very finely reticulate, and the male is
polished ; the reticulation is scarcely perceptible in the male of H. f al 1 ax
Lee, megacephalus Lee, while in both sexes ofH. spadiceus Dej.,
testaceus Lee and nitidulus Chaud., the surface is polished.

So in the Stenolophini, in which the body is declared to be smooth, a
similar exception is seen in the finely reticulate S. carbonarius.

The fundamental division of the species of Harpalus into two groups, (I.
Setaj ambulatoriae abdominales pilis nullis intermixtae: setae ambulatoriae
femorales parciores et graciliores, foveolis setigeris minutis, and II. Setae
ambulatoriae abdominales pilis longioribus inaequalibus intermixtae : setae
ambulatoriae femorales copiosae validiores, foveolis setigeris plerumque pro-
fundus impressis,) seems to me also defective when applied to our species.
I find that the ambulatorial setae of the anterior thighs are more numerous
and stronger in the males than in the females, and that the use of this char-
acter will be likely to lead to error. In some species I observe some long
bristles about midway between the ambulatorial setae and the side of the
abdomen, which may serve to group the species in a secondary manner. I
have termed them accessory setae.

* Kroyer, Tida. 3d ser. vol. i.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 99

The paraglossae of the genuine Harpalus are rather thick, not longer than
the ligula, and are furnished on the sides with a few bristles ; the ligula is
broader at the tip and truncate, with the side angles acute. In Selenophorus
the paraglossae are flat, longer than the ligula, without lateral bristles ; and
the ligula is narrow, not dilated at the tip. I am therefore inclined to believe
that Selenophorus should be considered a genus, and not a group of Harpa-
, lus, as I have recently placed it.

The species of Harpalus in my collection may be grouped as follows : (the
measurements are in decimals of the English inch.)

A. Elytra very deeply sinuate at tip ; outer angle acute and dentiform in the

female; third interval without dorsal puncture ; abdomen finely punc-
tured and pubescent towards the base. Body elongate.

•56 — -76. Thorax narrowed behind, side margin depressed, base scarcely
punctured ; color dark ferruginous, elytra piceous, deeply striate. Sandy
places ; Middle States, Kansas 1. erraticus Say.

•56 — -66. Thorax narrowed behind, margin not depressed, base punctu-
late, hind angles not rounded at tip ; color nigro-piceous, antennae and legs
ferruginous. New Mexico 2. retractus Lee.

B. Elytra truncate, or deeply sinuate at tip ; anterior tibiae with the outer

angle prolonged behind, forming a small tooth ; abdomen sparsely punc-
tured and pubescent.

a. Elytra truncate ; armed with a sutural spine in the female ; dorsal
puncture distinct.

•38 — -40. Thorax narrowed behind, angles rounded, basal foveae small,
punctured ; color beneath dark piceous or black, above metallic blue or
green, rarely black. Kansas, New Mexico, Saskatchewan, Montreal, Canada.

3. amputatus Say.

b. Elytra transversely sinuate, outer angle acute in female : dorsal punc-
ture wanting; sides of elytra finely punctured and pubescent.

•38 — -40. Thorax narrowed behind, hind angles not rounded; basal foveae
small, finely punctured; color beneath dark piceous or black; legs ferrugin-
ous or black; above metallic green or coppery, rarely black. Middle States,
Canada, Newfoundland 4. viridiaeneus Beauv.

C. Elytra obliquely, but slightly sinuate at tip ; abdomen without acces-

sory setae, finely punctured and pubescent towards the base.

a, Mentum tooth completely wanting : elytra without dorsal puncture ;
feet black.

•80 — -94. Thorax narrowed anteriorly, side margins broadly depressed,
and basal foveas densely punctulate. Middle, Southern and Western States,
Canada, Kansas 5. caliginosus Say.

b. Mentum tooth more or less distinct ; elytra without dorsal puncture ;
antennae and feet ferruginous.

*Side margin of thorax depressed, scarcely wider behind ; sides and

base punctured.

f Thorax nearly square ; elytra not punctulate.

•50. Hind angles slightly rounded ; sides feebly rounded. Middle States.

6. f a u n u s Say.

•42 — -48. Hind angles scarcely rounded ; sides more rounded in front.

New York 7. convivus n. sp.

f-j- Thorax slightly narrowed behind ; hind angles not rounded.

•54 — -58. Elytra punctulate, at least at the sides. Illinois.

8. v a g a n s n. sp.
1865.]

100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

** Thorax with base and side margin densely punctulate.
•50 — -62. Thorax narrowed in front; sides strongly depressed; elytra
sparsely punctulate at the sides. Atlantic States, Kansas.

9. pensylvanicus.

Thorax slightly narrowed behind ; sides feebly depressed ;

•54 — -66. Hind angles less obtuse ; elytra not punctulate at the sides.
Atlantic States, Kansas •. 10. compar Lee.

•54 — -64. Hind angles more obtuse ; elytra finely punctured at the sides.
Pennsylvania, New York 11. longicollis LtcfrFHjp*jT.

•42 — -48. Smaller, hind angles of thorax less obtuse ; elytra not punctu-
late at the sides. Atlantic States 12. erythropus Dej.

*** Thorax scarcely punctured at base ; sides not distinctly depressed.
•34. Head very large ; hind angles of thorax rounded ; basal fovea?, slightly
punctured ; elytra slightly bronzed. Lake Superior.

13. megacephalus Lee.
c. Mentum tooth more or less distinct ; elytra with dorsal puncture.
* Antennae and feet ferruginous ; bead of prothorax yellowish.
| Thorax distinctly narrowed behind ; sides not depressed.
•38. Base of thorax not punctured ; elytra not reticulate. Middle States.

14. spadiceus Dej.
|f Thorax not narrowed behind ; body oblong oval.

•38. Elytra feebly bronzed ; base of thorax punctured. Russian America,
Saskatchewan 15. fulvilabris Mann.

Elytra not bronzed ;

| Sides of thorax narrowly but distinctly depressed ; (basal foveas

vaguely defined.)
•34 — -42. Hind angles slightly rounded; base finely punctured. Atlantic

States, New Mexico 16 fa 11 ax Lee.

•30 — -42. Hind angles not rounded ; base punctured ; (epipleurae always

ferruginous. Canada, Minnesota, Winnipeg 17. pleuriticus Kirby.

•30 — -42. Hind angles rounded ; base scarcely punctured ; epipleurae gene-
rally dark. Atlantic States, Canada, Kansas 18. herbivagus%.

•32 — -36. Hind angles scarcely rounded ; basal foveas sparsely punctulate ;
knees blackish ; Russian America, Oregon 19. somnolentus Dej.

%% Sides of thorax scarcely depressed ; base not punctured.
•38. Hind angles rectangular ; not rounded. Kansas.

20. v e n t r a 1 i s Lee.
fff Thorax narrowed in front; body nearly elliptical.
•34. Sides of thorax feebly depressed ; elytra reticulate. Pennsylvania,

Kansas, Ft. Simpson 21. opacipennis Hald.

•26 — -30. Sides of thorax not depressed ; elytra not reticulate. Southern
and Western States, Kansas 22. n i ti d u lu s Chaud.

** Feet piceous or black ; or at least thighs dark ; bead of prothorax

not paler.
Thorax narrowed in front; intercoxal process of abdomen nearly

smooth.
•30. Body elliptical ; sides of thorax not depressed ; elytra of male not re-
ticulate. Kansas, Louisiana 23. ellipsis Lee.

•30 — "44. Body longer oval ; sides of thorax feebly depressed. California,

Oregon 24. cautus Dej.

Thorax not narrowed in front; intercoxal process of abdomen punctulate ;

| Head decidedly narrower than the thorax.
Thorax not very transverse ; base punctured ;

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 101

•37. Hind angles of thorax slightly obtuse, not rounded ; (tibiae and tarsi
ferruginous.) Lake Superior , 25. in noc u u s Zee.

Thorax strongly transverse ;

Hind angles of thorax obtuse ; scarcely rounded at tip ; base punctured ;

•40. Sides of thorax less strongly rounded ; (elytra of female without sutu-
ral spine.) Saskatchewan . 26. carbonatus Lee.

•39 — -46. Sides of thorax more strongly rounded ; (elytra of female with
distinct sutural spine.) Lake Superior ........27. rufimanus Lee.

•56. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rounded at tip ; base scarcely punctured.
Colorado Terr 28. mo nt an us n. sp.

•52 — -58 Hind angles of thorax flattened, rectangular not rounded ; base
sparsely punctulate. Lake Superior ......29. Lewisiin. sp.

ff Head very large, scarcely narrower than the thorax.

•48 — -60. Sides of thorax distinctly depressed. Lake Superior.

30. la tic e p s Lee.
•56, Sides of thorax not depressed. Illinois 31. viduus n. sp.

D. Elytra very slightly sinuate at tip, (except in 39 ,) abdomen with accessory
ambulatorial setae, proceeding from distinct punctures.

a. Mentum tooth more or less distinct.

* Elytra with dorsal puncture; antennae concolorous, reddish Crown,
f Mentum tooth very small; (larger species of dark color, with the

elytra reticulate in both sexes.)

Base of thorax smooth, or scarcely punctulate ; sides slightly

depressed.
•58 — '64. Body oblong oval ; elytra of female with sutural spine. Oregon.

32. fraternus Lee.
•46. Body oblong oval ; sutural spine of female obsolete. Kansas.

33. funestus Lee.
•48 — -54. Body broader ; thorax slightly narrowed behind ; elytra of fe-
male with sutural spine. New Mexico and Colorado 34. oblitusi/ec.

Sides of thorax not depressed ; feet ferruginous.

•40. Hind angles obtuse, slightly rounded ; base nearly smooth. Colorado.

35. fu rti vu s n. sp.

•45. Hind angles subrectangular, slightly rounded at tip ; base of thorax

punctulate. Nebraska 36. s tup i du s Lee.

ff Mentum tooth large, prominent ; smaller species of brown color/paler

beneath ; elytra of male smooth ; of female scarcely reticulate.
•30. Sides of thorax not depressed. New Mexico, Kansas.

37. desertus Lee.
•30. Sides of thorax depressed, base punctured. Kansas.

38. lucidus «. sp. ufU
** Elytra with dorsal puncture, tip much more distinctly sinuate;

antennae paler at base.
•36. Body broad, hind angles of thorax scarcely rounded; sides slightly de-
pressed. Oregon, Idaho, Winnepeg 39. 0 b e s u 1 us Lee. (***<u

*** Elytra without dorsal puncture ; antennae paler at base.

•35. Thorax not narrowed behind, sides ;<not depressed. Lake Superior,
Canada 40. varicornis Lee.

b. Mentum tooth entirely wanting ; elytra not reticulated ; hind angles

of thorax rectangular.

* Elytra without dorsal puncture.

•42. Body uniformly testaceous, oblong oval. Iowa, Illinois.

41. testaceus Lee.
1865.] 7*

102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

** Elytra with dorsal puncture.
•35. Body broad, piceous ; thorax and elytra green bronzed. Texas.

42. gravis Lee.

The following species are unknown to me :

H. 1 o n g i o r Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 43. Found in Lat. 54°. Perhaps H.
v a g a n s Lee.

H. basilaris Kirby, ibid. 41. Found in Lat. 54°. Seems allied to H.
obesulus L/ec, but the trochanters in the latter are not dark yellow,
nor are the elytra chestnut black.

H. ochropus Kirby, ibid. 42, is perhaps H. desertus Lee.

H. albionicus Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, 213, agrees with immature speci-
mens of H. ca utus Dej., in my collection. Not having seen atypical
specimen, I do not venture to propose the synonym.

H. curtatus Mann., ibid. 1853, 124. Russian America.

H. d u 1 c i c ol 1 is Ferte", Rev. Zool. 1841, 44. Texas. Probably an imma-
ture form of Anisodactylus ellipticus Lee.

H. depressicollis Motsch., Bull. Mosc. 1860, 2, 136. California.

H. alternans Motsch., ibid. 1845, 2, 343. California.

Descriptions of new Species.

7. H. c o n v i v u s. Elongato-oblongus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis pedi-
busque ferrugineis; thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus anguste fortiter de-
pressis punctatis, antice magis rotundatis, margine summo, ferrugineo angulis
posticis fere rectis, foveis basalibus rotundatis, profundis punctatis ; elytris
reticulars profunde striatis, puncto dorsali nullo ; subtus piceus, abdomine
rufescente, inter et post coxas parce punctulato. Long. -42 — -48.

One pair from New York. Related to H. faun u s, but the thorax is more
rounded on the sides in front, distinctly transverse, very slightly narrowed
behind with the basal foveae deeper.

8. II . vag an s. Elongato-oblongus, subtus rufo piceus, supra nigro-piceus,
antennis, palpis pedibusque ferrugineis ; thorace latitudine paulo breviore,
postice paulo angustato, lateribus anguste depressis punctatis, antice magis
rotundatis, margine summo ferrugineo, angulis posticis obtusis haud rotun-
datis, basi dense punctato, foveis profundis vage definitis ; elytris reticularis
profunde striatis, puncto dorsali nullo, interstitiis feminse omnibus, maris
externis confertim punctulatis. Long. -54 — -58.

One pair. Western States. Quite distinct by the characters given above.
Seems related to, and perhaps identical with H. 1 o n g i o r Kirby.

11. H. longicollis Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 396.

I indicated this species on a single male specimen found at New York, and
subsequently considered it as probably au aberrant form of H. c o m p a r, but
Mr. Ulke has recently fouud it abundantly in the mountains of Pennsylvania.
The characters in the table as well as those formerly given by me, will en-
able it to be recognized, and it is, moreover, much narrower in form than H.
c o m p a r.

12. H. ery t h r o p u s Dej. This species seems to differ from H. c o mp a r
only by the smaller size, and by the hind angles of the thorax being a little
less obtuse. I have some doubt, about the validity of these characters as
specific differences.

25. H. m o n t a n u s. Oblongo-ovalis niger, antennis palpisque piceo-rufis,
thorace capite latiore, latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus rotundatis, parum
depressis, obsolete parce punctulatis basi fere laevi, foveis parvis, angulis
posticis obtusis apice rotundatis ; elytris subtiliter reticularis, feminae opaci-
usculis, striatis, interstitiis planis, 3io puncto postico impresso ; abdomine
pone coxas subtiliter, inter coxas vjx punctulato. Long. -56.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 103

Colorado Territory. One pair given me by Dr. S. Lewis. The suture of
the female is armed with a small spine. Resembles in appearance II. fra-
ternus Lee, but besides minor differences it is readily distinguished by the
absence of setigerous punctures between the ambulatorial setae of the abdo-
domen and the sides.

26. H. Lewisii. Oblongo-ovalis, niger, antennis palpisque piceo-rufis,
illis articulo lmo nigricante ; thorace capite paulo latiore, latitudine plus
sesqui breviore postice paulo angustato, lateribus rotundatis, parum depres-
sis, basique fere laevibus, angulis posticis subrectis, apice haud rotundatis,
elytris subtiliter reticulatis, feminse opacis, striatis, intertitiis planis, 3io
puncto postico impresso, abdomine pone et inter coxas parce punctulato.
Long. -52— -58.

Marquette, Lake Superior. Collected and given to me by Dr. S. Lewis, to
whom I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species. Also found in Canada.

The under surface of the abdomen and the legs in the specimens examined
is piceous, but in more mature individuals will perhaps be found black.
The apex of the suture of the female inH. montanus, Lewisii, rufi-
manus, laticeps, viduus and f r a t e r n u s, is armed with a small but
distinct spine, of which no trace is seen in H. c a r b o n a t u s. Of H. i n-
n o c u u s, I have but one specimen, a male.

31. H. viduus. Ovalis, niger, antennis palpisque ferrugineis, thorace
capite parum latiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus haud depressis,
angulis posticis apice rotundatis, basi la;vi, foveis parvis ; elytris reticulatis,
feminae sericeo-opacis, interstitiis planis, 3io puncto postico impresso; abdo-
mine inter et pone coxas parce puuetato. Long. -56.

One female ; Rock Island, Illinois ; B. D. Walsh, Esq. Differs from H.
laticeps by the hind angles of the thorax being rounded at the apex, and
by the head being not quite so broad.

32. H. fraternus. This species is very closely allied to H. funestus
and o b 1 it u s, but with specimens of each before me I am able to note the
following differences :

H. fr at ern u s, thorax near the basal foveae feebly and sparsely punctu-
late, scarcely perceptibly narrowed behind ; elytra more than 2 J times longer
than the thorax, nearly equally shining in both sexes ; sutural spine of female
distinct. (5 specimens, Oregon.)

H. oblitus, thorax distinctly narrowed behind, basal foveas scarcely
punctulate; elytra less than 2 J times longer than the thorax; elytra more
opake in the female than in the male ; sutural spine of female distinct. Body
broader and more oblong than in H. fraternus. (5 specimens, Kansas
and New Mexico.)

H. f un e s t u s, of the same form as H. fr ate r n u s, but smaller, with
the sides of the thorax more distinctly depressed, and the suture of the fe-
male not armed with a spine at the tip. (5 specimens, Kansas and Ne-
braska.)

35. H. furtivus. Oblongo-ovalis, nigro-piecus, nitidus, subtus piceus,
antennis palpis pedibusque piceo-ferrugineis ; thorace latitudine fere duplo
breviore, lateribus rotundatis, haud deplanatis, angulis posticis obtusis sub-
rotundatis, basi rugoso, haud punctato, foveis parvis, linearibus ; elytris
(maris) thorace haud latioribus, vix reticulatis, interstitiis planis, puncto
postico dorsali impressis ; abdomen setis accessoribus distinctis, ad basin
pone coxas punctulatum, inter coxas^laeve ; mentum dente minuto armatum.
Long. -40.

Colorado Territory. One male kindly given me by Dr. S. Lewis. Seems
most nearly related to H. stupidus in characters, although differing in

1865.]

104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

form. The appearance is very similar to H. f al lax Lee, but the accessory
sctee of the abdomen enable it to be at once distinguished.

38. H. 1 u c i d u s. Longior ovalis, piceus, nitidus, corpore subtus, antennis
pedibusque pallidioribus ; thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, lateribus de-
planatis antice rotundatis, augulis posticis rectis rotuudatis, basi usque ad
latera punctato, foveis basalibus vagis ; elytris peruitidis (maris) haud reti-
culatis, puncto dorsali distiucto ; abdomen setis accessoribus distinctis, basi
pone et inter coxas parce punctatum ; mentum dente magno armatum. Long.
•30.

One specimen. Nebraska, near the Rocky Mountains. Of the same form
as H. d e s e r t u si but with the base of the thorax punctured and the sides
distinctly depressed.

39. H. obesulus. In the list of North American Coleoptera, published
by the Smithsonian Institution, I referred this species to Bradycellus. The
examination of male specimens proves that the middle tarsi are widely dila-
ted in that sex. In one specimen from Lake Winnipeg, the palpi have the
last joint singularly impressed and concave towards the tip, which thus ap-
pears pointed when viewed in a certain direction. It is easily distinguished
from the other species having accessory ventral setae and by the elytra being
quite distinctly sinuate obliquely at the tip.

On a new genus of SERRANINiE,
BY THEODORE GILL.

Genus TRISOTROPIS Gill.

Body compressed, very oblong and subfusiform, with the caudal peduncle
oblong and moderately contracied behind.

Scales small, regularly imbricated.

Lateral line parallel with the dorsal outline.

Head moderate, oblong-rhomboid, with the profile gradually decurved to
the snout, and the lower jaw nearly rectilinear. Eyes oval, moderate, situated
entirely in the anterior half of the head, and close to the profile. Nostrils ;
anterior small, simple ; posterior large, divided inside by a horizontal ridge
into an upper and lower chamber. Preorbital bone narrower than eye. Pre-
optrculum far behind eyes, minutely serrated behind ; operculum with three
spines ; the middle continued from an oblique rib on the inner surface of the
bone. Scales extending over the whole head, except the preorbital region,
and also on the jaws.

Mouth rather large, with the cleft moderately oblique ; supramaxillaries
continued backwards beyond eye.

Teeth of the upper jaw in the outer row moderate, little curved inwards,
with one or two canine teeth on each side in front ; within, moveable and re-
cumbent, on the sides pauciserial, small inwards ; in front enlarged and
somewhat barbed at the points. In the lower jaw biserial on the sides ; those
of the outer row fixed, moderate and erect ; those of the inner larger, move-
able, and somewhat barbed ; in front, on each side, a canine.

Dorsal fin with its spinous portion depressed behind, generally slightly con-
vex, considerably larger than the soft, and with eleven (exceptionally 10 — 12)
rather slender spines ; soft portion oblong, with about sixteen to eighteen
rays.

Anal fin under the middle of the soft dorsal, higher in front than behind,
with the margin convex, and with three graduated spines and about eleven
(10—12) rays.

Caudal oblong, slightly emarginated behind.

Pectoral fins moderate, convex behind.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 10.5

Ventral fins under or in front of pectorals, angular externally, attached by
a small axillar membrane to the breast.

The skull differs from that of Epinephelus {Serranus gigas C. V., S. morio C.V.,
= S. erythrogader Dekay, S. lunulatus C. V., S. striatum Poey ex Bl., S. remotus
Poey — skulls known — &c.,) by the wider interorbital area, the parallelism
and continuation of the lateral crests forward to the middle of the orbits,
inclosing an elongated parallelogram, the surface of which, especially be-
tween the orbits, is more uniform ; the absence of a frontal crest ; the simple
curvature or straightness of the naso-vomerine ridge and absence of the
angle at the suture between the nasals and vomer.

This genus is recognizable externally by the oblong form, the peculiar
structure of the nostrils, the form of the fins, &c, but is more especially dis-
tinguished by the development of the skull, which differs in a very marked
manner from that of Epinephelus. It is closely related to Mgctcroperca {Ser-
ranus olfax Jenyns) but differs in the form of the dorsal and the very scaly
supramaxillaries.

Type T. gutatis Gill ex Bloch.

To this genus belong the Serranus dimidiatus Poey, S. cameleopardalis Poey,
S. cardinal™ C. V., (T. guttatus Gill ex Bloch), whose crania I have examined,
and their allies, S. interstitialis Poey, S.falcatus Poey, S. arara Val., S. brunneus
Poey, S. latepictus Poey, S. cyclopomatus Poey, S.felinus Poey, S. rivulatus Poey,
S. repandus Poey, S. petrosus Poey, S. tigris C. V., S. undulosus C. V., and S.
acutirostris, C. V.

It may be here remarked that all the genera of the subfamily Serranina?,
established by me for West Indian species, are well distinguished by their
crania, even Lioperca, which would perhaps be thought to be the most doubt-
ful, being so indicated. The species with nine spines, for which I formerly
proposed to retain the name Bodianus, are represented by two genera ; one
(Enneacentrus, type Serranus out alibi C. V.) with the skull channelled between
the orbits and the surface uniform in texture, &c. ; the other (Petrometopon,
type S. guttatus Poey) distinguished by the petrous-like convexity between
the supra orbital grooves, and its triangular sinus behind, into the angles on
each side of which the lateral crests terminate ; the crests are parallel, and
the surface between flat or scarcely convex. The name Bodianus cannot be
retained apparently for either genus, and as it was originally proposed more
especially for the Bodianus bodianus, (Ilarpe rufus), it must either be retained
for that type or consigned to that oblivion to which the utterly worthless
nature of its original constitution so richly entitles it.

Trisotropis reticulatus.

The height is contained four times and a half in the total length ; the head
three times, and the caudal more than six times. The eye is contained seven
times in the head's total length, and distant about two diameters from the
snout. The preoperculum behind is almost vertical, scarcely indented above
the angle ; finely serrated above the indentation and more coarsely between
it and the angle ; the inferior margin is entire. The spines of the dorsal are
moderately weak ; the longest contained twelve times in the length, and the
tenth about seventeen times ; the greatest height of the soft portion some-
what exceeds an eleventh. The pectoral equals a seventh of the length.

D. XL 17. A. III. 11. P. 17.

The color appears to have been brownish, distributed in polygonal spots,
surrounded by reticulating bluish gray broad lines which are more distinct
on the head, on the hinder portion of which about four or five are on an area
about the size of the eye, while around the eye and on the snout they are
much smaller. The fins appear to have had no distinct delineations, and are
dark purplish brown.

Two specimens of apparently the same species are deposited in the Smith-
sonian Museum; both were obtained at Barbados; one is about eighteen

1865.]

106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

inches long and almost twice as large as the other. Their colors have faded,
but in a proper light the evidence of the spots on the body is obtained, and
those on the head are quite distinct in the adult, but in the young the spots
of the body have not been found.

The species appears to be readily distinguished from any hitherto described
by the system of coloration.

By special permission of the Academy, a paper was presented and
referred to a Committee. The latter having made a favorable report,
the paper was ordered to be published, as follows :

Descriptions of four new Species of BIRDS from the Isthmus of Panama,

New Granada.

BY GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

1. Tachyphonus rubrifrons.

Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Lawr., nee Scl. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vol. vii. p.
331.

Male. Front and part of crown dull red ; back part of crown, hind neck
and upper part of back of a slaty brownish black ; hind neck just tinged with
yellowish green : lower part of back and rump bright lemon yellow ; upper
tail coverts and tail brownish black, the former edged with dull greenish yel-
low ; wing coverts black, the middle and larger with lighter or slaty grey edg-
ings ; quills brownish black ; under plumage plumbeous grey, the feathers
of the throat with their centres lighter grey ; the abdomen with a slight
wash of greenish yellow ; the under tail coverts margined with greenish yel-
low ; axillars and under lining of wings white ; irides reddish brown ; bill
and feet black.

Length (measured fresh) 6 J in. ; wing 3| ; tail 2f ; bill 1^ ; tarsi f.

Habitat. — Line of the Pan. R. Road, near Lion Hill Station.

The female is rather smaller than the male, but the general plumage is
much the same ; it is without the red front and has more of the yellowish
tinge on the plumage.

Allied to T. xanthopygius, Scl. The females appear to closely resemble each
other, but the males differ much in color and markings, xanthopygius being
black below as well as above, with a scarlet post-ocular stripe and bright yel-
low shoulders ; in my species the shoulders are black, it is without the red
stripe behind the eye, and the colors of the general plumage are much as in
the female.

The red on the forehead of the male extends back for about half the extent
of the crown, where it is rounding in form ; in the single specimen of the
male the red spot is rather dull, but it may be brighter in other or older indi-
viduals, possibly as bright as the scarlet stripe in xanthopygius.

The first specimen I received of this species was marked as a male, which
it probably is, but as it answered to the description of the female of T. utin-
thropygius, I put it in rny Cat. of Pan. Birds, as that species, supposing it to
be young and still in the plumage of the female. I have since received the
male described above, and two females.

2. Anthds (Notiocorys) parvus.

Anthus rufus, Law., nee. Gm. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vol. vii. p. 322.
Male. Upper plumage dark brown, the feathers margined with pale ful-
vous, the lighter margins most conspicuous on the hind neck ; outer tail
feather white, with a portion of the margin of the inner web at the base
brown, the next feather white with the margin of the inner web brown almost
to the end, the other tail feathers brown ; wing coverts brown wilh pale ful-
vous margins ; quills brown with very faint paler edgings ; under plumage

[JuDe,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 107

whitish, tinged with very dilute tawny yellow ; across the upper part of the
breast is a tawny colored band, spotted with brown ; upper mandible black-
ish brown, the lower yellowish with the tip dusky ; irides brown ; tarsi and
toes pale yellow.

Length (fresh measure) 4| in. ; wing 2_5g ; tail If ; bill | ; tarsi f.

Habitat. — The Savannah near Panama City.

The female is smaller and has the margins of the feathers above more ru-
fous and distinct ; the hue of the under surface much more tawny, especially
the sides which are conspicuously spotted, as well as the breast ; the outer
tail feathers are of a light fawn color.

Length (fresh) 4£ in. ; wing 2^ ; tail If; bill J>^'; tarsi |I.

I determined this species to be A. rufus from specimens in the Phil. Acad.;
these being mounted, the comparison could not be made satisfactorily, except
as regards general appearance, in which they are much alike. The Panama
species, however, is smaller, the lengths of the two sexes taken from fresh
specimens, are respectively 4| and 4^ inches, the dried skins measuring half
an inch less. Since my first determination of it, I have received specimens of
A. rufus (as I suppose them to be) from Bahia, Brazil; these now measure 5\
in., and probably the length of recent specimens would be fully 6 inches.

The under plumage of the Brazil species is more decidedly yellow ; and in
several specimens there are none resembling the female of the other species,
in its tawny under plumage. The Brazil bird has the outer tail feather white,
with the margin of the inner web broadly brown nearly to the end; the next
feather is brown, with a wedge shaped white stripe in the centre, terminating
half way from the end.

Birds from the two localities are certainly different, though I may err in
calling ihose from Brazil, A- rufus. However, as it differs in its diminutive
size, together with some other characters from all described species, I have no
hesitation in deciding that it is new.

Prof. Baird (Kev. Am. Birds, p. 157) considers its nearest ally to be Neo-
corys Spraguei, which species I state that it resembles in habits, in my first
account of it. Prof. Baird proposes for it a new subgenus, viz. Notiocorys.
He also expresses a doubt of my identification of it as A. rufus being correct.

3. Thamnophilus nigricristatits.

Male. Crown deep black, on the front a few feathers are narrowly pencil-
led with white ; upper plumage black, regularly banded with lines of white ;
the feathers of the throat and the sides of the head have black centres, with
their outer edges white ; tail black, all the feathers marked on the margins
of both webs With roundish white spots, six on each side ; quills black, the
outer webs marked with white spots of a quadrate form ; wing coverts black,
all terminating in white ; the feathers of the under plumage marked with al-
ternate bars of greyish white and black ; upper mandible black, the lower
plumbeous, paler at the end ; irides yellow ; feet black.

Length (fresh) 6 in. ; wing 2| ; tail 2§ ; bill 1 1 ; tarsi 1.

Habitat. — Line of Pan. R. R., Lion Hill Station.

Female. Crown dark cinnamon, the feathers of the hind neck and sides of
the head pale cinnamon, with black centres ; wing coverts and outer margins
of quills and back bright cinnamon ; tail dark cinnamon ; inner webs and ends
of the quill feathers blackish brown ; throat grey with a slight cinnamon
tinge, under plumage clear cinnamon, much paler than the back; the mid-
dle of the abdomen whitish ; under lining of wings pale cinnamon; inner
margins of quills of a light salmon color ; bill and feet as in the male.

This species differs from doliatus and affinis in having no white in the crest;
doliatus is darker below, the black bands being nearer together ; it also differs
from affinis in having the white markings above smaller and more distinct ; in
that species they are more linear in form ; the female of the new species is very
different from that of affinis, being much brighter and clearer in color ; it is

1865.]

10S PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

destitute of all markings except on the hind neck and sides of the head,
whereas the female of affinis, besides its duller plumage, has the wing coverts
brownish black barred and tipped with rufous, and the smaller quills barred
and spotted with black ; there are also black spots on the upper part of the
breast, and faint indications of narrow bars on the upper and under plu-
mage.

I have enlarged more in pointing out wherein this species differs from affinis
for the reason, that I sent it to Mr. Sclater for publication (with some other
birds) in the Ibis, more than two years since. He returned it marked "affi-
nis;" to this opinion I demurred on the ground of that species having the crest
largely white, which in this is entirely black. I so wrote him; he replied that
not Laving the specimens before him he could uot then determine, but would
do so when examining Mr. Salvin's collection received from Panama. In
the List of that collection given, Proc. Zool. Soc. June, 1864, I notice T. affinis
is given, and referring the bird I called T. doliatus, (Ann. Lye. N. Y. vol. vii.
p. 293,) to the same species ; this specimen was in McLeannan's first collec-
tion ; when I received the collection made by Messrs. McLeannan and Gal-
braith, I noticed that the species now described was not doliatus, but supposed
it was similar to the one so called in my Catalogue, without comparing them.
I thereby misled Mr. Sclater, as I have since found that the specimen in Mr.
McL.'s first collection is T. radiatus. But as Mr. Sclater only saw the speci-
mens now described, of course these are the ones alluded to as being " affi-
nis."

I do not pretend to say that the specimens received by Mr. Salvin from the
Isthmus and put in the List as affinis, are the same as mine now described.
There is every probability of affinis being found there, and I should not like
to give an opinion about their specimens without seeing them, therefore only
speak of my own.

4. Geotrygon albiventer.

Geotrygon violacea, Lawr., nee Temrn. Ann. Lye. of N. Y., vol. vii. p.

477.
Geotrygon ? Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864.

Male. Front pale rosaceous, crown dull brownish violet ; region of the
ears to hind neck bluish cinerous ; upper part of back of a rich reddish violet;
back, wing coverts and tail dark cinnamon or rufous brown, tinged with vio-
let ; the primaries are of a lighter cinnamon color than the tail, with their
inner webs dusky near their ends, the other quills are darker, becoming brown-
ish next the back ; all the quills and larger wing coverts have their ends
margined with light cinnamon, inside of which is a dusky narrow subterminal
band ; the under wing coverts are white with their ends blackish brown ; the
axillars are blackish brown at the base, remaining half white ; throat, sides,
abdomen and under tail coverts pure white ; feathers of thighs brown ending
in white : the feathers on the middle of the breast are of a light brownish ash,
with their ends pale rufous, the lower part and sides of the breast are of a
light pinkish lilac, these seem like new feathers ; and the whole breast in a
more mature bird is probably of this color ; it becomes paler as it extends
downwards, and gradually merges into the pure white of the abdomen ; bill
and legs in the dried specimen brownish yellow.

Length 9 in. ; wing 5^ ; tail 3| ; bill § ; tarsi f.

Hab. — Line of Pan. R. Road, near Lion Hill Station.

My identification of this species as violacea, Temm., was made from his de-
scription and plate, Knip, Pig. t. 29, but I had misgivings as to it's correct-
ness. I then was not aware of their being two specimens of that species in
the Mus. of the Phil. Acad., which came from the Rivoli Collection. I have
since compared my specimen with these and find it quite distinct.

G. violacea has the crown, back and wings greenish bronze; the upper
part of the back violet blue, and the tail and quills of a lighter red than in
my species.

[June,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA 109

July Wth.
Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.

Thirteen members present.

The resignation of Dr. B H. Rand, as Recording Secretary, was read.

The following papers were read and referred to a committee :

11 Remarks oo the genus Taxocrinus, &c, with descriptions of new
species,'! and " Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea, &c." By
F. B. Meek and A. H. Worthen.

The deaths of Joseph Hopkinson, M. D., Mr James Dundas, Mr. J.
Reese Fry, and Mr. Richard Price, late members, were announced.

July \%tli.

Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

The following paper was read and referred to a committee :

" On Amphibamus grandicep3, &c." By Prof. E. D. Cope.

July 25th.

Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.

Nine members present.

On Report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published.

Descriptions of New Species of FOSSILS, from the Marshall Group of Michi-
gan, and its supposed equivalent, in other States; with Notes on some
Fossils of the same age previously described.

BY PROFESSOR ALEXANDER WINCHELL.

The following paper is intended to constitute a further contribution to our
knowledge of certain western rocks occupying a position near the boundary
line between the carboniferous and Devonian systems.* The materials for
this paper have been in part collected by the writer in Michigan, Ohio, Indi-
ana, and towa. Further material has been found amongst the inrestigandu
of the " White Collection " of the University of Michigan. Col. Charles Whit-
tlesey's collection of fossils from the "Fine Grained Sandstone " of Ohio, has
also been placed in the writer's hands for study. In addition to this, the lat-
ter has spent several days with Prof. James Hall in .his cabinet, engaged in
making direct comparisons between the fossils of the rocks under considera-
tion, and the types of the Chemung group, preserved in his magnificent col-
lection. An opportunity has also been enjoyed of making a hasty survey of
the fossils from the same horizon, contained in the extensive collection of the
Illinois Geological Survey, for which the writer's acknowledgments are due to
the Director, A. H. Worthen, Esq.

The reader will observe that all the identifications heretofore made with
typical Chemung fossils from New York and Pennsylvania, have been aban-

nial
352

* Former papers by the writer, cm the same subject, may be referred to as follows : " First Bien-
al Report" of the Geological Survey of Mich. I860; Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arte, [2J Vol. xxxiii. p.
i2; ib. [2] xxxv. p. 61 ; Proe. Aeal. Nat. Sci. Phil., Sept. 1862, p. 405 ; ib. Jan. 1863, p 2.

1865.]

110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

doned. On critical comparison between actual specimens, it has appeared
that the differences — some of which have always been admitted — are of too
important a character to permit the identification formerly assumed. On the
other hand, the following paper discloses an extended network of identifica-
tions amongst the fossils from States west of Pennsylvania. But perhaps the
most interesting feature of all is the identification of four western species with
fossils, contained in the supposed carboniferous conglomerate of western New
York. These are Euomplialu.s depressus, Hall, ( = Straparollus Ammon, White),
Cypricardia contracta, Hall, (= Edmondia ? bicarinata, Winchell), Edmondia
oeqmmarginalis, Win., and A'lorixma Hannibal.ensi*, Shumard.* Considering
the small number of fossils as yet discovered in this conglomerate, in New
York — and these only at one locality (four miJes north of Panama, Chautau-
aue County) — so considerable a number of identifications is calculated to ex-
cite some surprise, and not a little hope, that we are getting glimpses of the
clue to a solution of geological difficulties of long standing.

But further than this, two of the above species— Edmondia cequimarginalis
and Allorisma Hannibalensin — occur in what has been regarded as another con-
glomerate, whose position is beneath the first and at the top of the Chemung
rocks of Western New York.

In the light of these identifications, and in the absence of all identifications
between western species and those of the Chemung, as well as between the
species of this conglomerate and those of the Chemung, it might not seem un-
reasonable to doubt its affinities with recognized Chemung rocks, and to sus-
pect its continuity with the supposed "carboniferous conglomerate," until
observation shall have demonstrated that its stratigraphical position is really
below that formation. And further, since we must probably abandon the at-
tempt to coordinate the Chemung of New York with the fossiliferous portions
of the sandstones and shales of the west lying between the ''Black Slate "
and the coal conglomerate, it stems not unlikely that we may yet be able to
prove the conglomerates of Western New York to be the attenuated and lit-
toral eastern prolongation of those western sandstones and shales — at least
of the superior and fossiliferous portions of them ; so that the latter would
^tand as a hitherto unrecognized group of strata lying at the very base of the
carboniferous system ; while the Chemung rocks of New York fall within the
Devonian system, toward which the writer is now inclined to think that their
paleontological affinities attract them.

It yet remains to determine by observations in the field, whether the so-
,;alled "carboniferous conglomerate" of Western New York is really the equi-
valent of the coal conglomerate of Ohio ; and whether any actual junction of
superposition can be discovered in Western Pennsylvania or Eastern Ohio, be-
tween the Chemung rocks in their westward prolongation and the fine grained
sandstones and gritstones of the Western States.

The total number of species at present described from the rocks under con-
sideration is about 379, of which 170 were first described by the writer, and
four have been recognized as belonging to undescribed genera". The number
of .-pecies neticed in the. present paper is 94, of which 3b' are described as new
species, and two are made the types of new genera.

Descriptions and Notes of Species.
COXOPOTERIUM n. gen.

Etymology. K^v&c, a cone, and ttoth^iov, a little cup.

Generic Characters. Corallum compound, generally free, sometimes adhe-
rent, but without a distinct base of attachment. Cells somewhat crowded,

* The writer is under special obligations to Prof. Hall for the unreserved liberality with
which he has been allowed to examine the specimens in his cabinet, as well as for many kind-
nesses incident to the generous hospitality of his house.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. Ill

rapidly enlarging, inseparable, with only occasional and rudimentary dia-
phragms, and no radial lamellae. Walls marked internally by vertical striae,
and a few pores which communicate between the cells. Exterior, where ex-
posed, covered by an epitheca, marked only by irregular encircling striae.
Cells increasing laterally and interstitially.

This genus, perhaps, approaches nearest to Sphenopoterium, Meek and Wor-
then. It differs in the absence of the cuneate form of the base even in Sphen-
opoterium— the cell mouths in this genus being turned indifferently in all
directions. The cells also are smaller and more numerous ; and the fewer
mural pores communicate from cell to cell, instead of terminating in the in-
tercellular substance. But one species has thus far been observed.

Conopoterium EFFPS0M n. sp. Corallum small, spheroidal, consisting of 20
to 50 cells, which are crowded, subcircular or irregularly angulated in trans-
verse section, feebly striated internally, and having a thick, feebly wrinkled
epitheca. Specimens presenting cells of all sizes. Some tendency is manifest
toward a proliferous growth ; some of the lateral cells becoming adherent by
their sides to a foreign body.

Diameter of largest mass, "58 ; diameter of mouth of largest cells, about
•20.

From the Lithographic Limestone, Clarksville, Mo., " White Collection "
of the University of Michigan.

ZAPHRENTIS, Rafmesque et Clifford.

Zaphrentis Ida n. sp. Coral simple, of medium dimensions, in the general
form of an inverted cone, strongly curved, with numerous encircling wrinkles
of growth, and an occasional deep constriction. Epitheca rather thick,
though the vertical lamellae show faintly on the exterior. Cup very oblique,
turned toward the shorter side, with a distinct fossette -reaching from the
centre to the shorter side. Radial lamellae 31 in a specimen -62 inch in dia-
meter. On the side opposite the fossette is a thick lamella reaching from the
periphery to the centre ; one-sixth of the circumference on each side of this
is another lamella reaching to the centre, and at the same interval from these
are two others ; in the fossette, near the periphery, is the rudiment of a sixth.
The remaining lamellae do not extend to the centre but become confluent in
each sextant, with the principal lamella which lies between them and the fos-
sette— the fossette taking the place of a principal lamella. There are thus, in
each sextant, four subordinate lamellae joining their primaries, except that in
one of the sextants adjacent to the fossette there appears a supernumery lam-
ella, caused apparently by the splitting of the shortest subordinate or the one
next the fossette. Taking no account of this anomaly, the whole number of
lamellae is 30, a multiple of six instead of four.

The spaces between the lamellae are intersected by thin trans verse dia-
phragms arranged at unequal distances,, and either flat or concave upwards.
There is no correspondence in the positions of the diaphragms in contiguous
interlamellar spaces ; and the wrinkles of the epitheca sustain no relation to
them, since they are not continuous, but are intercepted by vertical interlam-
illar walls ; and besides, they nearly disappear in the peripheral region of the
internal cavity.

Collected by A. Winchell, in the Goniatite Limestone at Rockford, Indiana.

The septal system of this coral is described above as senary instead of
quaternary. The senary arrangement, as a fact, is sufficiently apparent ; and
yet it must probably be regarded as illusory — the primary lamellae being four
instead of six, and the illusion being produced by the mode of confluence of
the lamellae of the second and third cycles.

Zaphrentis acutus ? White and Whitfield.

Occurs in the Lithographic Limestone of Clarksville, Missouri. "White
Collection" of the University of Michigan

1865.]

112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

FAVOSITES, Lamark.

Favosites ? mancus ii. sp. Coral a small hemispherical mass, with an ob-
tuse apex.; principal cell-mouths very small, sub-circular; those occupying
the interstices smaller and angular ; cell-walls strong, prominently raised
above the general surface. Cells rapidly enlarging and multiplying by fre
quent gemmation. No pores, stria? or diaphragms have been discerned.

Diameter of polypary, "68 inch; largest cell-mouths, -05 inch in diameter.

This differs from F. divergent, White and Whitfield — the only other species
described from rocks of this age — in its extremely diminutive proportions, and
in the apparent absence of diaphragms. There is perhaps as much reason for
referring this species to Conopotcrium as to Favosites.

Collected by A. Wiuchell, in the Goniatite limestone of Rockford, Indiana.

Trematopora ? vesiculosa, Win. Specimens undistinguishable from the
Iowa species, in their existing state of preservation, have been collected by A.
Winchell, at Alan's quarry, in Hillsdale, Michigan.

Lingula Cuyahoga, Hall. Numerous specimens, not distinguishable from
this species, were obtained by the writer from fragments of a hard, calcareous,
brecciated rock, quarried from a well on the premises of Judge Alan, at Hills-
dale, Michigan. The geological position is apparently in the lower part of the
Marshall group. The rock here is the nearest approach in physical charac-
ters that has yet been seen to the Goniatite limestone at Rockford, Indiana.

Occurs also in the "Fine-grained sandstone beneath the coal at Ward's
mine, Wethersfield, Trumbull County, Ohio— conglomerate wanting." Whit-
tlesey's collection.

DISCINA, Davidson.

DlSCINA GrALLAHERI, n. Sp.

Shell of medium size, nearly circular. Ventral valve with the apex sligrTtly
excentric ; foramen lanceolate, reaching from near the apex four-fifths the
distance to the margin, and acute at both extremities. Surface marked by
about fifteen rigid, sharp, sub-equidistant stria3, which are somewhat more
approximated toward the apex. The striae are less distinct on the shell than
upon the cast.

Dorso-ventral diameter about l'O ; transverse diameter about 1*0 ; distance
from apex to dorsal side, *48 ; length of foramen, -33.

Found at Hillsdale, Michigan, on the premises of Rev. F. A. Gallaher, in a
small loose fragment having the lithological characters of the lower gray
portions of the neighboring Marshall sandstone. It occurs also in Col. Whit-
tlesey's collection from Girard and Wethersfield, in Trumbull County, Ohio.

I at first referred the specimens to D. Newb&rryi, Hall, (xvi. Rep. N. Y.
Regents, p. 30,) but direct comparison with the types of that species shows
that it differs in having more remote, stronger and more regularly equidistant
concentric stria?. In its striation it resembles D. grandis, Hall, from the Ham-
ilton group, but the form is more circular and the striae are relatively less
remote.

Discina capax, White, (1S64.) Identified in Whittlesey's collection, "from
rocks next below the coal canal level, one mile below Girard," and also at
" Girard, Trumbull County," Ohio.

The types of D. Nezvberryi, Hall, (1864,) do not seem to be distinguishable
from this species.

PRODUCTA, Sowerby.

Producta gracilis, n. sp. Shell small, aperture of the ventral valve form-
ing a little more than a semicircle. Ventral valve moderately inflated for a
Producta, with flattened, smooth, triangular auriculations ; hinge-line equal

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 113

to greatest width of shell ; mesial sinus wanting or barely perceptible ; exter-
nal surface marked by fine, rigid, sharp, once dichotomizing radial lines or
ribs, numbering about 40. No indications of spines have been detected.

Length of hinge line, "29 (100) ; length from beak to anterior margin,
•21 (72).

Described from an imperfect ventral valve ; but its peculiar characters
easily distinguish it.

Museum of University of Michigan, Collected by A. Winchell at Valley
Forge, one and a half miles below Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

PfiODtjcTA duplicostata, n. sp. Shell rather large with subcircular outline.
Ventral valve very ventricose and greatly arched, with steep slopes to the
right and left margins, not enlarged at the aperture, and entirely destitute of
mesial sinus ; marked with numerous interruptedly and irregularly striate
sinuous ribs, which dichotomize once or twice in the middle region of the
valve, and towards the front resolve themselves each into a fascicule of three
or four smaller ribs, themselves raised into a wider rib-like elevation around
the anterior margin. The tubular spines are scattered over the whole exte-
rior, but become much more abundant at the commencement of the marginal
costate ridges. The whole exterior of the cast is marked also by oblique
punctations, which are placed mostly in irregular lines between the ribs, and
become consequently most abundant toward the margin. On the sides of the
cast the punctations become elongated into short furrows which cross the
surface obliquely.

Length, 1*19 ; breadth, 1*24; convexity of ventral valve, "58; number of
marginal ridges, 15 to 20.

Collected by A. Winchell, at Battle Creek, Michigan. Occurs also in Lick-
ing County, Ohio.

Producta morbilliana, n. sp. Shell smal', transversely subelliptic, only
moderately produced. Hinge line seven-eighths the greatest width of the
shell; ears small, nearly right angled. The shell regularly contracts from
the aperture to the beak, which is small, subacute, and projects slightly be-
yond the hinge. The arching of the shell is such that when resting on the
aperture the greatest height is equal to one-half the greatest width. No
sinus or flattening present. The surface is marked by a series of deep, con-
tinuous, equidistant wrinkles, ten or eleven in number, becoming obscure
toward the beak ; between the wrinkles are numerous fine concentric stris
not easily seen without a magnifier. These features are crossed by a longitu-
dinal system which, near the beak, is a set of fine regular costae, which near
the middle become interrupted by the wrinkles, and, losing their identity,
result in several concentric bands of short longitudinal tubes buried in the
substance of the shell, and gradually emerging and presenting their apertures
anteriorly.

Transverse diameter of aperture, '58 (100) ; length of hinge line, -51 (88) ;
distance from hinge line across the aperture to opposite side, -44 (76) ; height
of shell when resting on the aperture, "26 (45).

From the base of the Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa. "White
Collection " of the University of Michigan.

A cast from the yellow sandstone below (probably "No. 5,") is probably
identical with this.

This beautiful species is most nearly related to P. speciosa, Hall, (xth Rep.
N. Y. Reg. p. 176.) The resemblance, however, is not striking, except in
the cast referred to. This differs in having the pustules more regularly ar-
ranged in concentric bands. P. morbilliana may also be compared with P.
Rogersi, Nor. and Prat., (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [2] iii. 9, pi. i. 3, a, b,
c, not P. aspera McChesney.) It is, however, a much neater species, without
trace of sinus, not so full near the beak, while the rib-like tubes arranged
1865.]

114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

along the concentric bands are smaller and more regular. Its nearest foreign
analogue is P. punctata, Sowerby, (Min. Conch, iv. 22, pi. 323.) Its surface
features, in point of regularity, are intermediate between the extremes pre-
sented by that variable species ; but it differs constantly in the absence of a
sinus.

Producta curtirostka, n. sp. Shell of moderate size, semi-globoid, with-
out mesial sinus. Hinge line nearly equal to greatest width of valve, with
but slight flattening in the region of the extremities. Beak scarcely surpass-
ing the hinge line, extremely flattened ; general surface regularly convex,
marked by numerous interrupted, sub-obsolete costse, and, in the umbonal
region, by numerous concentric wrinkles, most distinct upon the ears. The
inside of the dorsal valve presents an appearance very similar to the outside
of the ventral valve.

This is the species formerly referred by me (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Jan. 1863, p. 4,) to P. speciosa, Hall. A careful comparison of specimens, how-
ever, fail to justify this identification. It most nearly approaches P. lacry-
rnosa, Hall. The remarkable features of the beak of the ventral valve, and
the great concavity of the dorsal, are, however, characters which distinguish
this species from all others. P. lacrymosa has less fulness in the region of
the cardinal extremities, giving the umbo less breadth and greater isolation
from the ears.

From the yellow sandstone, Burlington, Iowa. " White Collection" of the
University of Michigan.

Producta dolorosa, n. sp. Shell of medium size, somewhat hemispherical,
outline subcircular or somewhat transverse, truncated along the hinge line,
which is considerably shorter than the greatest width of the shell. Ventral
valve regularly convex, with scarcely an apparent flattening at the hinge ex-
tremities ; beak depressed, obtuse, slightly surpassing the cardinal line.
Dorsal valve but slightly concave, with a low and inconspicuous median sep-
tum reaching to the middle of the valve ; the muscular scars presenting
together a somewhat semicircular contour, in front of which the interior of
the shell presents a finely papillose area. External surface presenting a
series of elongated pustules, or interrupted, irregular depressed costse, and a
few coarse concentric wrinkles, between which the surface is covered with
fine concentric stria?.

Length from hinge, in a straight line to front margin, -54 (66) ; transverse
diameter, -82 (100); length of hinge line, *56 (68) ; depth of ventral valve,
•24 (29).

This species, on casual observation, would be referred to P. lacrymosa,
Hall, (x. Report New York Regents, p. 177.) The beak, however, is less
acute and projecting, the ears less flattened, the dorsal valve less concave,
and tlie ventral less produced. If possessed of cardinal spines it might be
taken for Chonetes truncata, Hall. Figures D and Dd, Whittlesey, (Proc.
Amer. Assoc. Cincinnati, p. 220,) may be intended for this species.

"Weymouth, Medina County, Ohio, 60 feet below the conglomerate."
Whittlesey's Collection.

Producta concentrica, Hall. In quoting this species from Michigan,
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Sept. 1862, p. 411,) it was stated that only the
interior of dorsal valves had been seen in the southern part of the State.
Since then I have obtained good ventral valves from Battle Creek, which agree
in every respect with specimens from Burlington, Iowa.

A dorsal valve of this species was found at Rockford, Indiana, in the bluish
argillaceous brecciated limestone of the famous " Goniatite bed." This spe-
cies is now known to occur in Northern and Southern Michigan, at Burlington
and Rockford, and probablv in Missouri and Illinois.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 115

The young of P. concentrica, Shumardiana, pyxidata, Cooperensis and arcu-
ata, present resemblances so strong that it is scarcely possible to distinguish
them from each other. In the adult state, however, the last may be distin-
guished by its much stronger and regular costae, its less rapid expansion and
greater arcuation. P. Cooperensis has the form of P. arcuata, without its
strongly marked ribs. The other three species are not satisfactorily distin-
guishable, even in the adult state. P. pyxidata was described by Hall from
the so-called Hamilton shale and limestone of Hamburgh, 111., and Louisiana, _
Mo*; P. Shumardiana was described by Hall from the so-called Hamilton of
Clarksville, Mo., and the so-called Chemung of Burlington ; P. concent rim
only from the latter locality. It is probable that the rocks at all of these
localities are of nearly the same age. This being the case, the probabi'ity be-
comes strengthened that the three species first named are one and the same.
If so, P. concentrica, having been first published, will displace the other two
names.

Peoducta semireticuxata, Fleming, (P. Martini, (De Kow) Win. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Jan. 1863, p. 4; figs. B. and Bb, Whittlesey, Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Cincinnati, p. 219.) This species occurs plentifully at Battle Creek,
Michigan. Collected by A. Winchell. Also in Hillsdale County. Collected
by Rev. J. D. Parker.

A large specimen from the sands'ones at Burlington, Iowa, resembles, in
its want of mesial sinus, the forms of P. semireticulata occurring in the
Burlington limestone, rather than its associates in the same strata. It pos-
sesses in addition, a peculiar sharpness of the ribs not seen in othrr speci
mens.

Occurs also in Whittlesey's Collection from "Weymouth, Medina county.
Ohio, 60 feet below the conglomerate;" and " Sheldo 's sawmill, Orange.
Cuyahoga county, below the grindstone grit."

P. Newberryi, Hall, (x. Rep N. Y. Regents, p. 180,) from Ohio, is perhaps
too closely related to this species. Dorsal valves cannot be distinguished-
from dorsal valves of P. semireticulata, as they occur at Battle Creek, Mich.
The ventral valve of P. Newberryi does not become so much arcuate, the con
centric wrinkling is a little more wavy, and less regular, the beak is less at-
tenuate, and projects less beyond the hinge, and the mesial depression is
smaller.

Prodccta Cooperensis, Swallow, (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 640.)
The hinge line is shorter than in the typical specimens, but otherwise the
agreement is good.

Bed "No. 1," Burlington, Iowa. " White Collection " of the University
of Michigan.

Chonetes pulchella, Win., (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Sept.. 1S62, p.
410). Collected by A. Winchell at Germain's and Alan's Quarries, Hillsdale,
Michigan. Oue specimen from this locality is larger than usual, presenting
a greater elongation of hinge line, which is drawn out at the extremities to
an abrupt acumination. The number of ribs is about 60. Two cardinal spines
are seen on each side of the beak, making an angle of about 60° with the
hinge line.

Occurs also in Ohio, at " Howland, Trumbull County, one half mile east
from Center, at " Warren, Trumbull County, in coarse bedded sandstone,
next below the conglomerate," and at "Tallmadge, Summit County, in a boul-
der, supposed to be from the shales next below the conglomerate," Whittle-
sey's Collection.

C. pulchella, in the number of its ribs, is. intermediate between C. Logani,
Nor. and Prat, and C. Illinoisensis, Worthen. In this character it most re-
sembles the former, while it differs from it in the smoothness of the ribs. It

1865.]

116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

resembles C. setigera, Hall, and C. nana, but differs from the former in
having oblique instead of erect spines, and from the latter in the smaller area
of the ventral valve. C. setigera occurs in the Hamilton and Chemung of
New York, and I have identified it in the blue argillaceous shales of the Huron
group of Michigan. C nana is found in the corniferous limestone ; and Euro-
pean geologists regard it as a Devonian species.

Ciionetes Illinoisensis, Worthen, (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 571) ;
C. Logani, Hall, (Iowa Rep. p. 598, pi. xii. fig. la— e and 2) ; not C. Logani,
' Norwood and Pratten, (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. [2] iii. 30, pi. ii. fig 12,
a, b, c] ; C. Illinoisensis, Winchell, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Jan., 1863,
p. 5). This wide spread species occurs at the Grindstone quarries at Pt. aux
Barques, Mich. The specimens are smaller than the typical ones from Bur-
lington, Iowa, and perhaps for this reason do not number as many striae
around the margin ; but specimens from Burlington of the same age cannot
be distinguished.

Collected also by A. Winchell at Rockford, Indiana. It also occurs in the
base of the Burlington limestone at Burlington, Iowa, (" White Collection")
and in the fine grained sandstones of Licking County, Ohio.

This species may be confounded with C. Shumardianq, De Koninck ; but
the latter has 270 to 280 or more radiating striae, which are less distinctly
isolated from each other. The former has from 100 to 125 striae.

Cheilitis geniculates, White, (Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. ix. 29). A single
ventral valve, collected by A. Winchell at Rockford, Indiana, cannot be dis-
tinguished from this species.

Choketes Logani, Norwood and Pratten. In a former paper I pointed out
the error of Hall's identification of C. Logani, N. & P., though this species
had not at that time fallen under my observation, and, I believe, has been
seldom seen since first described. I have now, however, in some later addi-
tions to the " White Collection " of the University, a number of examples of
•C. Logani, N. & P., fully answering to the original description and figure.
These specimens are from the base of the Burlington limestone, and the ma-
trix holds C. Illinoisensis in the same association, as previously believed.

C. Logani, N. & P., as far as I have observed, is restricted to the horizon
of the Marshall or Burlington sandstone — including the base of the Burlington
limestone, which belongs evidently to the same epoch. Prof. Hall, however,
has a small Ciionetes from the Tully limestone, which, he informs me, he has
decided to refer to C. Logani, (see 11th volume Paleontology of N. Y.), a
reference to which, with full acknowledgement of his superior authority, I
cannot, at present, give my assent. The Tully limestone species presents a
series of concentric rugosities or wrinkles, which extend both across the ribs
and the intervals between the ribs ; while in C. Logani the rugosities are
feebler, and are confined to the crests of the ribs.

C. Logani is also recognized in Ohio, with about 40 to 50 ribs. It hence
appears that the species, like C. Illinoisensis, Worthen, and C. multicosta,
WiDchell, ranges from the Burliugton limestone into the sandstone below.

I may perhaps be permitted to add that some typical specimens of C. Logani
in Prof. Hall's cabinet, sent to him by Dr. Norwood, are imbedded in a matrix
.if oolitic limestone, such as occurs at the base of the Burlington limestone.

Ortiiis Michelini, L'Eveille, occurs in Whittlesey's collection from "Wa-
verly sandstone, near Newark, Licking County, Ohio." Another Ortiiis from
Akron, Ohio, resembles the Burlington species commonly referred to O. Va-
nuxemi (?), but differs in the parallel direction of the dental lamellae, and in
the very indistinct character of the radial striation.

Still another Orthis, received from Dr. Shumard and collected at Sulphur
Springs, St. Louis County, Missouri, is perhaps the species referred by the

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 117

»

Missouri geologists to 0. Michelini (?). It is a small circular species, with
extremely fine ribs or strise, apparently too obscure for either 0. Michelini or
0. Vanuxemi.

Orthis flava, n. sp. Shell small, transversely oval, slightly truncate on
the cardinal side. Ventral valve convex, perceptibly flattened toward the
anterior margin, though without a marked sinus ; most elevated near the
slightly projecting beak ; area rather high and broad, triangular, with an
equilaterally triangular foramen ; dental lamella? slender, short, diverging at
an angle of about 80° ; occlusor scars small, together enclosing a longitudinally
oval space, which readies one-third the distance from the beak to the anterior
margin ; a median internal ridge reaches froin the beak to beyond the middle
of the valve. The shell was evidently thin ; its surface marked by one hun-
dred or more delicate radiating ribs, which increase by implantation.

Transverse diameter of shell -50 (100) ; longitudinal diameter -39 (78) ;
depth of ventral valve .12 (24). ~

Burlington, Iowa, apparently from Bed " No. 1." at the lbase of the yellow
sandstones. " White Collection," of the University of Michigan.

This species is less circular than the forms referred to 0. Michelini, and has
a more convex ventral valve and larger area. It differs from 0. impressa,
Hall, (Geol. Rep. 11th Dist. N. Y., p. 267, fig. 2), in its more transverse
shape, smaller size, more convex ventral valve, and feebler sinus.

Streptorhynchus lens? White, (Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. ix. 28), /'Wey-
mouth, Medina County, Ohio, 80 feet below the conglomerate." Whittlesey's
Collection.

Streptorhynchus umbraculum ? Schloth. sp. From "coarse bedded sand-
stone, next below conglomerate, Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio." Whittle-
sey's Collection.

A large, undetermined species from oolitic limestone, "No. 6," Burlington,
Iowa, probably belongs here. Collected by A. Winchell.

Streptorhynchus inequalis, White sp. From Weymouth, Medina County,
Ohio, 80 feet below conglomerate." Whittlesey's Collection.

Streptorhynchus sp. ? A single interior of a ventral valve from

"near Ashland, Ashland County, Ohio," resembles S. Chemungensis, var.
pectinacea, Hall. (Pal. N. Y., Vol. iv.) It differs, however, in the possession
of a longer hinge line, and distinct auriculations, and lacks the alternation in
the size of the radial ridges.

Pentamerus lenticularis, White and Whitfield. This species, described
from the yellow sandstone of Burlington, occurs also in the base of the Bur-
lington limestone. " White Collection " of the University of Michigan.

SPIRIGERA, D'Orbigny.

Spirigera Missouriensis, n. sp. Shell of moderate size, broadly ovate, mo-
derately ventricose, with lamellose exterior. Ventral valve with an extended
beak, turned up at right angles with the plane of the shell, and having a cir-
cular perforation at its extremity. Between the beak and the dorsal valve is
an external flattening simulating an area, but traversed by the incremental
lines. Sinus a shallow but distinct groove, beginning at the beak, widening
and deepening anterior to the middle, and near the middle becoming well
characterized. Dorsal valve nearly circular, with straight hinge slopes, and
obtuse, beak closely incurved and concealed, though not in contact with the
ventral beak. Mesial fold less distinct than the sinus of the ventral valve,
arising near the middle of the valve. Both valves are marked by numerous
strongly imbricating lamella? of growth. Greatest thickness through the
middle of the ventral valve.

1865.]

118

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Length -69 (100) ; width -65 (94) ; thickness of both valves -41 (59).

From the Lithographic limestone of Louisiana, Missouri. White Collection
of the University of Michigan. Also from the sandstone at Weymouth, Me-
dina County, Ohio, 60 feet below the conglomerate. Whittlesey's Collection.

Close observation is necessary to distinguish this species from 5. subtilita,
Hall. That species, however, is less lamellose, the ventral sinus does not
extend above the middle of the shell, and the flattening beneath the beaks of
the ventral valve is wanting.

Spirigera biloba, n. sp. Shell broadly ovate in outline. Ventral valve
rather ventricose, with a prominent beak which is gradually recurved, and
apparently minutely perforate at apex. A deep, narrow, median furrow
begins at the apex and extends to the anterior margin ; from the bottom of
this the surface rises with a convex curvature to the summits of the two
rounded ridges which constitute the most prominent portion of the valve ;
from these summits the curvatures continue to the right and left margins,
which are thus rendered quite obtuse. The external surface is marked only
by a few faint incremental lines. Shell structure fibrous. Characters of
dorsal valve unknown.

Length -16 ; breadth -16.

Collected by A. Winchell in the Goniatite limestone at Rookford, Indiana.

This shell has somewhat the aspect of a CentronAla or Terebratula, but its
structure is not punctate. The unique character of the mesial furrow distin-
guishes it from any known species of Spirigera.

Spirigera Ohiensis, n sp., (Figs. A and Aa, Whittlesey, Proceedings Amer.
Assoc. Cincinnati, p. 220). Shell large, subcircular in outline, moderately
ventricose. Ventral valve regularly arched from beak to anterior margin,
having the cardinal slopes somewhat straight, and the lateral margins con-
siderablv compressed. Sinus shallow and broad, extending half way to the
beak. Surface marked by numerous delicate, subequidistant, rigid, concen-
tric stria?.

Length 1*18 ; breadth 1'40.

Akron, Ohio, 50 feet below the conglomerate. Whittlesey's Collection.^

This species differs from S. Hannibalen.tis, Swallow, in its less ventricosity,
especially around the margin, and in the absence of concentric lamellae ; it
differs from S. Missouriensis, Win., in its transverse form, more compressed
lateral margins, and its numerous and regular concentric stria?. In the last
character it resembles S. concentrica, but the mesial sinus (and probably fold)
is much less marked.

Spirigera Hannibalensis, Swallow, occurs in the Lithographic limestone at
Clarksville, Missouri. White Collection of University of Michigan.

SPIRIFERA, Sowerby.

Spirifera centronata, n. sp. Shell of medium size, with an elongate, cus-
pidate hinge margin, and, aside from the cardinal extremities, a somewhat
semicircular general outline. Ventral valve of medium fulness near the
umbo, somewhat depressed between there and the margins ; beak elevated
above the cardinal line more than one-fifth the whole length of the valve, in-
curved and overhanging a very narrow area. A distinct and comparatively
deep sinus begins at the extremity of the beak, very gradually widening and
becoming ill-defined in the middle of the valve and beyond. External surface
marked by 36 to 40 ribs, of which from three to five fall in the mesial sinus.
The ribs disappear on the alate cardinal expansions. One or two concentric
furrows marking the middle region of the valve.

Length along cardinal line, 1-23 (100); length from beak to anterior mar-
gin, *52 (42); greatest convexity of ventral valve, -11 (9).

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 119

i

Museum of the University of Michigan. Collected by A. Winchell, at Cuya-
hoga Falls, Ohio, in the flagstones below the conglomerate. Occurs also in
Col. Whittlesey's collection from Akron, Ohio, 50 feet below the conglome-
rate.

This species is distinguished from all other spirifers by the association of
cuspidate hinge extremities with a ribbed mesial sinus, and semicircular front
margin. When the cuspidations are removed, the shell recalls S. Marionen-
sis, Shumard, from the so-called Chemung of Missouri and Iowa ; and, in all
except the semicircular outline it corresponds with S. cuspidatus, Hall, (not of
Martin, ) from the Chemung of New York.

Spirifera Sillana, n. sp. Shell transverse, broadest at about the middle ;
anterior margin somewhat straight ; ends rounded anteriorly, sub-truncate
from the extremity of the greatest diameter to the cardinal side. Dorsal valve
of medium convexity, arched regularly from beak to anterior margin ; beak
but slightly elevated above the hinge, incurved ; area narrow. A well de-
fined mesial fold extends from the beak to the front margin, rising abruptly
from the general surface, and arching regularly over. The fold is marked
only by incremental lines, save a faint indication of two radial ribs in the
vicinity of the umbo ; the other portions of the external surface are marked
by one or two imbricating lamellae of growth, and regularly formed ribs which
radiate without increase in number, from the beak ; eighteen or twenty of
these can be distinguished on each side of the mesial fold.

Greatest transverse length, 2-1 ; length from beak to anterior margin, 1-05;
greatest convexity of dorsal valve, *20 ; width of mesial fold at anterior mar-
gin, -45.

This species is readily distinguished by having an elongate form, without
having its greatest length along the hinge line.

Collected by A. Winchell, at Valley Forge, one and a half miles below Cuya-
hoga Falls, Ohio, in fine ferruginous sandstone underlying the conglomerate.
Museum of the University of Michigan.

Named in honor of Judge E. N. Sill, of Cuyahoga Falls, in acknowledgment
of facilities afforded the writer in the examination of the rocks of his vicinity.

Spirifera extenuata, Hall. This Burlington species occurs at Battle
Creek, Calhoun county, and Germain's quarry, Hillsdale county, Michigan.
•Collected by A. Winchell.

Spirifera hirta ? White and Whitfield. A ventral valve of a spirifer dif-
fering from the above only in the absence of all trace of a mesial sinus, and
in its somewhat fainter radial lines.

Bed "No. 6," Burlington, Iowa, while the typical specimens seem to come
from Bed "No. 1." "White Collection" of the University of Michigan.

Spirifera Vernonensis, Swallow, 1860. (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. i.
644.) A specimen labelled as above by Dr. B. F. Shumard, from Sulphur
Springs, St. Louis county, Missouri, too strongly resembles S. Carteri, Hall,
1858, (xth Rep. N. Y. Regents, p. 170,) judging by a specimen of the latter
from Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, which Prof. Hall admitted to be S. Carteri. Coll.
A. W.

Stringothtris Halli, Win. This peculiar form occurs at Battle Creek,
Michigan. Collected by A. Winchell.

SPIRIFERINA, d'Orbigny.

Spiriferina Clarksvillensis, n. sp. Shell small, transverse, semielliptic,
with coarse plications. Ventral valve rather ventricose, most elevated to-
ward the beak, regularly arched from beak to anterior margin ; beak broad,
projecting much beyond the hinge, strongly recurved ; hinge line nearly as

1865.]

120 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

long as the greatest width of the shell, forming a rounded right angle
with the short lateral margins ; area triangular, three and a half times as
long as high, arched in the quadrant of a cylinder, striated in both directions,
pierced by a foramen reaching to the very apex of the beak, nearly twice as
high as broad, rounded at its upper angle. Mesial sinus deep, broad, regular,
beginning at the apex of the beak, the bounding ribs forming with each other
an angle of about 22° ; on each side of the sinus five large plications, of which
only the first three reach the beak, the others terminating at the area ; these
are crossed by sharp, neat, imbricating lamellae of -growth, of which, in the
middle of the valve, about four occur in one-tenth of an inch. Dental plates
short, columnar ; a median internal septum reaching from a point a little
posterior to the teeth, as far as the middle of the valve, thick at the bottom,
thinned to an edge above. Internal surface of valve marked with numerous
indented punctations. Dorsal valve unknown.

Length, -48 (71) ; breadth, -68(100); length of hinge line, -52(79);
height of area, -15 (22) ; convexity of ventral valve, -22 (33).

From the Lithographic limestone, Clarksville, Missouri. " White Collec-
tion " of the University of Michigan.

This species bears perhaps too close a resemblance to S. solidirostris, White.
The single valve, however, on which the species is founded, is more convex,
with more rounded ribs, less regular lamella?, a higher area and more incur-
ved beak. This is the specimen referred to by White, (Boston Proc. ix. 25,)
and doubtfully identified with S. subtexta, White— a Burlington limestone
species.

Spiriferina binacuta, n. sp. Shell of moderate size, transverse, with nu-
merous rounded ribs and attenuate hinge extremities. Dorsal valve some-
what ventricose in the middle, regularly arched from anterior margin to the
beak, becoming depressed toward the lateral extremities. Hinge line elon-
gate, thickened at the margin, abruptly acuminate. Area narrow and long.
Mesial fold little elevated above the general surface, divided by a furrow into
two ribs, which, in old specimens, are again divided ; ten or eleven rounded
ribs on each side of the mesiaf fold, of which the last two or three are subob-
solete. External surface finely and regularly lamellose. Substance of shell
thin and apparently possessing a rather coarsely punctate structure.

Length of hinge line, -78 ; length from beak to base, -30.

This species is readily distinguished by its auricular acuminations and pli-
cate mesial fold.

From the base of the Burlington limestone. "White Collection" of the
University of Michigan.

Spiriferina solidirostris, White. From near Hamburg, Illinois. "White
Collection." The ribs are more rounded than in the specimens from the Bur-
lington sandstone. The same species occurs associated with S. binacuta in
the base of the Burlington limestone.

RHYNCHONELLA, Fischer de Waldheim.

Rhtnchonella ? tetrapttx, n. sp. Shell minute, subcircular in outline,
with few and deep plications. Ventral valve moderately convex, highest in the
middle, with a straight projecting beak, which is circularly perforate at apex,
with a triangular opening below to the hinge. Along the middle of this valve
is a very deep and very narrow sinus reaching nearly to the beak, and bound-
ed by a very prominent rib on each side, beyond which is another smaller rib,
making four in all. Dorsal valve almost strictly circular, with the same con-
vexity as the ventral, highest also in the middle, with the inconspicuous beak
closely appressed, and the middle raised into a strong plication or rib corres-
ponding to the sinus or furrow of the ventral valve ; on each side of this rib

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 121

is another strong one, and still beyond, a very feeble one. None of the shejl
being preserved, no revelations are made of the minute structure.

Length, -17 (100) ; breadth, -15 (88) ; thickness, -09 (53).

Collected by A. Winehell, at Rockford, Indiana.

Tbe straight beak of the ventral valve, and the general aspect of the shell,
render the above generic reference unsatisfactory. Externally it seems to
have some relations with Trematospira and Leptoccelia, of Hall, while it still
more strikingly resembles Spififer Buchianus, de Kow, (Anim. Foss. pi. xv.
bis fig. 3, and xix. fig. 6 ;) but until its internal characters are known, I leave
it where it stands.

Rhyxchonella heteropsis, n. sp. Shell small, varying from sectoriform to
transversely elliptic, with moderately projecting be*£k ; very young speci-
mens in tbe shape of a barley-corn. Plications sharp, ranging in number
from ten to twenty ; of which three generally (sometimes two or four,) occupy
the sinus of the ventral valve. This valve has a moderately sharp beak,
turned back in an angle of 45° with the plane of the shell, and slit (in the
cast) from the apex to the hinge ; sinus deep toward the front of the mature
shell, wanting in the young one ; the plications on each side of the sinus vari-
able ; four in those with two plications in the stnus, six, seven or eight in
those with three, and five in those with four, making the whole number of
plications ten to nineteen. These lateral plications are bent backwards in
approaching the margin. Greatest prominence of ventral valve near the beak.
Dorsal valve more ventricose than the ventral, most prominent at the ante-
rior margin ; mesial fold much less marked than the sinus opposite, consist-
ing of two, three, four or five plications, elevated at their extremities some-
what above the lateral plications, the remotest of which exhibit a strong
downward curvature -Beak of this valve concealed beneath that of its fel-
low.

Length, 38 (90) ; breadth, -42 (100) ; thickness of both valves, -28 (67).

From one of the calcareous beds, "No. 4," of the yellow sandstone, Bur-
lington. " White Collection" of the University of Michigan. Also near Ham-
burg, Illinois, and at Weymouth, Medina county, Ohio. Whittlesey's Collec-
tion.

I had hoped that these varying forms could be brought under one of the
numerous species already described from this group. It is a much smaller
shell, with more abrupt sinus than R. pustulosa, White, from the same loca-
lity. It is about the size of R. cameriftrn, Win., from Pt. aux Barques, but,
besides wanting the long dental and median plates of that species, the sinus
and fold are much more strongly marked, and the transverse diameter is re-
latively greater, giving the rostral region less relative prominence ; and the
mean number of plications is considerably less. In the rostral region it dif-
fers from R. Sugeriana, Win., in the same manner, besides being a smaller
shell with shallower sinus.

Rhyxchoxella persinuata, n. sp. Shell of medium size, transversely oval,
with abbreviated rostral extension. Cardinal slopes nearly straight, sides
rounded, front straight. Ventral valve depressed, with about twenty straight
plications, of which eight occupy the broad and rather shallow sinus. Ante-
jior margin of valve abruptly deflected. Dental lamellae extending nearly
one-third the length of the valve. The beak of this valve projects nearly in
the plane of the shell, and the lateral portions of the valve are continued,
without convexity, to the borders, thus giving this valve a peculiarly flatten-
ed surface — the broad sinus forming a similar plane lying at a lower level.

Transverse diameter, -67 (100); length, '52 (77); thickness of ventral
valve, -16 (24).

Burlington, Iowa, in the yellow sandstone. "White Collection ". of the
University of Michigan.

1865.]

122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

This shell suggests Terebratula pleurodon, variety polyodonta, Phillips,
(Geol. Yorks, pi. ii. p. 222, pi. xii. fig. 27.) It is a smaller species than that,
with a shallower sinus and an abruptly deflected margin.

Rhynchonella unica, n. sp. Shell minute, longitudinally ovate in outline,
the sides and front equally rounded, the cardinal slopes somewhat straight
and the beak acute. The peculiarity consists in the arrangement of the me-
dian plications of the two valves. In the middle of the ventral valve are five
sharp plications which extend to the beak ; the two outer of these are very
prominent, projecting above the general surface like vertical laminae ; the
middle three are anteriorly depressed considerably below the general surface,
and constitute the mesial sinus, which extends to the middle of the valve,
and thence rises above the general surface to the level of the two outer plica-
tions. On each side of the median plications are four others, which, instead
of converging toward the beak in conformity with the median ones, converge
toward an imaginary point some distance in front of the beak, in consequence
of which the posterior extremities of two or three are overlapped by the median
set. In the dorsal valve four median plications rise in an elevated band and
attain an equal elevation near the front of the valve, but posteriorly, the two
middle ones of the four sink below the level of the others, and are lost from
sight before reaching the beak. In consequence of these arrangements, the
ventral valve presents a sinus anteriorly and an elevation posteriorly ; while
the dorsal valve presents an elevation anteriorly and a sinus posteriorly.
The two valves are about equally convex. The beak of the ventral valve
projects in a tubular form slightly beyond that of the dorsal, and exhibits a
circular perforation of the extremity.

Length, -24 (100; ; breadth, -19 (79) ; thickness of both valves, -15 (62).

From Bed " No. 4," Burlington, Iowa. " White Collection " of the Univer-
sity of Michigan.

Rhynchonella (Retzia ?) micropleura, n. sp. Shell of medium size, Retzia-
like externally. Ventral valve ovate, somewhat produced rostrally, with
rather straight lateral margins, and a semi-circular anterior margin ; most
tumid near the beak, slightly flattened anteriorly ; beak somewhat incurved ;
mesial sinus wanting or represented only by a slight flattening of the anterior
portion ; surface with two or three varices of growth, and about 50 rigid, con-
tinuous, rounded, radiating ribs, which are separated by narrower spaces.

Length of ventral valve, -59(100); width, -48(81); convexity, -15 (25).

Collected by A. Winchell, at Battle Creek, Michigan.

It much resembles Retzia polypleura, Win., of the Huron group, but the
beak is less prolonged and less straight, and the width of the shell is greater.
1 know of no Rhynchonella which like this is without a sinus, and so finely
ribbed at the same time. In the first of these characters it is approached by
R. Hubbardi and R. Sageriana, from the same rocks.

Rhynchonella Hubbardi, Win. This species originally described from Mar-
shall and Pt. aux Barques, Michigan, has since been found by the writer at
Napoleon Cut in Jackson county ; and also rather plentifully in some of the
thin layers of sandstone at Valley Forge, near Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. It oc-
curs also at Talmadge, Summit county, Ohio, in beds next below the conglo-
merate. Whittlesey's collection.

Rhynchonella Sageriana, Win. Identified in Whittlesey's collection from
Weymouth, Medina county ; near Ashland, Ashland county ; Drew's saw-
mill, Big Brook, Orange, Cuyahoga county, and two miles southwest of North-
field Centre, Summit county, Ohio.

R. Sageriana has remote relations to some of the forms of R. pleurodon,
Phillips. Compare var. Vevreuxiana, De Kon. (Davidson's Mono. Brit. Carb.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 123

Brach. pi. xxiii. iig. 19-21.) The ribs, however, are more numerous, and the
frontal commissure more deeply sinuate.

CENTRONELLA, Billings.

Centronella Allei, n. sp. Shell large to medium size, terebratuliform,
greatest width a little anterior to the middle, contained one and one fourth
times in the greatest length. Ventral valve somewhat ventricose, full to the
immediate vicinity of the margin, especially along the cardinal slopes ; regu-
larly arching from beak to anterior margin, highest in the middle ; anterior
margin with a barely perceptible truncation ; no -sinus or fold present ; beak
produced beyond that of the dorsal valve, truncated and circularly perforate
at the extremity ; dental lamellae more than one-fifth the whole length of the
valve ; muscular scars, consisting of one faint median linear impression, on
each side of which is another, all reaching to the middle of the valve. Dor-
sal valve with its short imperforate beak closely concealed under that of its
fellow, slightly truncate in front, but without mesial fold or sinus ; regularly
arched from beak to front, highest in the middle, exhibiting a convexity
equal to that of the opposite valve. Muscular scars consisting of a faint but
distinct linear median impression, with a much deeper linear impression on
each side, and a very faint one exterior to each of these — the three principal
impressions reaching to the middle of the valve. Shell thin, stony and solid ;
structure beautifully punctate under a lens ; general surface polished, mark-
ed by a few feeble concentric lines of growth.

Length of ventral valve, -66 (100) ; breadth, -41 (62) ; convexity, -19 (29).

The dorsal valve above referred to comes from bed " No. b'," at Burlington;
the other specimens are apparently from "No. 5." " White collection " of
the University of Michigan. Also near Hamburg, Illinois, and at Talmadge,
Summit county, Ohio. Whittlesey's collection.

Though the peculiar loop of Centronella has not been seen in these speci-
mens, the characters given are so closely conformable with that genus that
the reference can scarcely be questioned in the present state of our knowledge.
It is a larger, more ventricose and more elongated shell than C. Julia.

Centronella Julia, Win. A single small specimen of this northern spe-
cies occurs in Whittlesey's Collection, from "one mile east of Orange Center,
Cuyahoga county, Ohio."

Specimens of this species from Pt. aux Barques, have been employed by
Prof. Hall to illustrate the characters of his genus Cryptonella, (Trans. Albany
Inst. Feb. 3, 18(53, p. 4 ; reprinted Amer. Jour. Sci. [2] xxav. 399. J The re-
ference of this species to Centronella was made solely in the light of Billings7
description and figure of that genus and comparisons with the internal struc-
ture of Centronella glansfagea, the type of the genus. Prof. Hall asserts that
the description and figure do not bear out the reference ; and, having pre-
viously founded Cryptonella on the external characters of certain terebratuli-
form species, he assumes that Centronella Julia affords an exhibition of the
internal characters of Cryptonella. There is not the least doubt that the ori-
ginal reference of Centronella Julia was correct ; and since its internal char-
acters are assumed by Prof. Hall as being those of Cryptonella, the latter
genus is thus admitted by its author to cover the same ground as the older
genus Centronella, and must consequently pass out of use. Prof. Hall seems to
have suspected this result ; for in a note interpolated in the New Haven edition
of his paper, (p. 405,) he refers to a drawing of a specimen of C. glansfagea,
showing the loop, (sent him by Dr. Rominger of Ann Arbor,) and admits that
the loop " shows essentially the same character as that of Cryptonella.'''' He yet
insists that this character is not to be inferred from Billings' original descrip-
tion and figure ; and, expressing a doubt about the identity of Billings' type
species (C. glansfagea) and the one figured by Rominger, "hesitates to

1865.]

12-1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

unite" Cryptonella and Centronella "until a reexamination of the original
specimens of Mr. Billings shall confirm his first observations, or show them to
correspond with" Cryptonella. It is this hesitation to admit the inevitable
consequence, and to retract his honorable and friendly, but unfounded criti-
cism, which induces me to reassert the correctness of my generic reference of
Centronella Julia, resting as it does upon the original description and figure,
and the observed characters of the type of the genus, as well as the subsequent
confirmation of the author of the genus, himself.

OSTREA, Linmuus.

Ostkea rATERCCLA, n. sp. Shell adherent, thin, small, ovate, deeply boat-
shaped, with the deeply excavated beak of the lower valve prominent, incur-
ved and somewhat posterior. The muscular scar is large, transversely broad-
reniform, concave on the cardinal side, situated nearly midway between the
centre of the valve and its posterior margin, and is marked by two transverse
lamellose lines. The deepest part of the valve is midway between the centre
and the beak ; the depth is nearly the same for as great a distance on the
other side of the centre. The exterior of the shell is irregular with concen-
tric lamellose lines of growth.

Greatest length, "65 (100) ; greatest width, *40 (61) ; greatest depth of
lower valve, '25 (35) ; depth of cavity of the beak, *15 (23).

From the buff sandstone at the base of the Burlington limestone, Burling-
ton, Iowa. " White Collection " of the University of Michigan.

The unexpected discovery of this oyster — believed to be the most ancient at
present known — together with its somewhat cretaceous aspect, awakened a
suspicion that it had not been found in place. To certify myself on this point,
I addressed Dr. White on the subject, and received the following reply : "The
Ostrea, if I remember rightly, was imbedded in a white or light gray, silicious
material, of chalky appearance, containing some remains of dririoids and shells.
My impression is, also, that it was from a quarry about half a mile north of
my residence, and in the lower bed of the Burlington limestone, and not far
from its base. I think the label which accompanied it, and also my letter at
the time, may be entirely relied on. I admit the possibility of error, but I do
not believe there is any."

Ptebinea ceenistbiata, Win. (Carcliopsis crenistriata, Win., Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. Sept. 1862, p. 417.) More perfect specimens from the typical
locality of C. crenistriata reveal the fact that the species is possessed of an an-
terior wing, which is a mere flattened portion of the anterior angle of the car-
dinal line, with a barely perceptible sinus beneath. This feature does not
belong to Carcliopsis as defined, and establishes a probable conformity with
Pterinea.

The right valves— recently discovered — might be mistaken for another spe-
cies. They show no radiating lines, except near the hinge, behind the beak.
The concentric markings are only small, irregular wrinkles of growth, with
none of the sharply raised lines which characterize the other valve. It is of
course possible that these right valves belong to another species, but as they
have exactly the form of the crenistriated valves, and the latter are all left
valves, it seems probable that they belong together.

Ptekinea spinalata, n. sp. (Avicula acanthoptera t Win., Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Jan. 1863, p. 8 ; not A. acanthoptera, Hall, Geol. Rep. 10th Dist. N. Y. p.
263.) Careful comparison with the types of A. acanthoptera, Hall, convinces
me that the Iowa specimens ought to be separated. The left valve of A. acan-
thoptera, Hall, has the body of the shell broader than in the Iowa specimens,
and. both wings are less defined. The right valves, also, are much Hatter.

Amongst the Iowa specimens appear to be two types — one with the body of
the valve arcuate, and the other with it straight. The former type was

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 125

adopted for the specific description, (see the paper referred to.) The latter
may constitute the type of still another species.

The species described as Avicula Whiter, Win., and Gervillia strigosa,
White and Whitfield, should probably be referred to Pterinea in accordance
with views recently put forth by Mr. Meek.

Aviculopecten Caroli, Win. This species first described from the yellow
sandstone at Burlington, Iowa, is found also in the base of the Burlington
limestone at the same locality. "White Collection."

Aviculopecten texuicostus, Win. A very small specimen, collected by A.
Winchell, at Rockford, Indiana, seems to agree with the above Burlington
species.

Other specimens collected at Germain's quarry, Hillsdale, Michigan, have
the same proportions and general surface characters, but they are once and a
half as large as the Burlington types, and the anterior auriculation is marked
by coarser, instead of finer striae. The body of the shell presents about 57
striae and the anterior ear 8.

The foreign analogue of this species seems to be Pecten arenosus, Phillips.

PERNOPECTEN, new genus.

Etymology. — Perna and Pecten, from a combination of some of the charac-
ters of the two genera.

Generic Characters. — Shell bivalve, sub-equivalve, monomyary. Valves
more or less inequilateral and auriculate. Hinge line straight ; hinge fur-
nished with a central, triangular cartilage pit, and a transverse plate bearing
on each side of the middle a series of smaller pits diminishing in size and
depth from the centre outwards. The shell seems to be thin, and probably
has a structure more like Pecten than Perna.

This genus, or subgenus is founded on Aviculopecten linueformis, White and,
Whitfield, (Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 295.) My attention was.
first directed to the peculiarity of the hinge structure in two or three speci-
mens sent me by Dr. White himself; and an examination of a number of spe-
cimens previously referred to this species shows that they all possess it. The-
genus Aviculopecten, happily constituted by McCoy to receive a number of
paleozoic species having affinities with Pecten in their external form, and with.
Avicula in their cardinal structure, is made by its author to differ from Pecten
by the absence of a central ligameutary pit, and from Avicula by its nearly
equilateral outline. The present genus differs from Avicula and Aviculopec-
ten, and approaches Pecten and Monatis, in the presence of a mesial ligament-
ary pit ; and it ditfers equally from Pecten, Aviculopecten and Avicula, and ap-
proaches Perna, by the presence of a series of isolated ligameutary pits in the
cardinal area. It differs from Perna in its sub-central beaks, with ligamentary
pits on both sides. It agrees with Amusium in its sub-symmetrical ears, cen-
tral cartilage pit, and the absence of radiating ridges, but differs in its straight
hinge line and lateral cartilage pits. The position of the genus i* apparently
between Perna and Pecten, with a preponderance of affinities for the latter,
sufficient, perhaps, to throw it into the family of Pectinidw, White. Aviculo-
pecten is grouped with the Aviculida.

It is probable that in addition to the two following species,, others referred i
to Avicula, Pterinea, and more especially Aviculopecten, Amusium, and Pecten,
will be found to possess the assemblage of characters shown in Pemopecten
Lima ? obsoleta, Hall, (Rep. 10th Dist. N. Y., p. 265,) = Pecten. subobsoletus,
d'Orb., is stated to have a " crenulated hinge line," while its external char-
acters are quite conformable to Pemopecten. Not improbably Lima glaber,
Hall, belongs in the same association. The same may be said of, Pecten den-
sistria, Sandb., from the Posidonomyenschie/er of Nassau ;- Avicula, tumida and.

1865.] 9

126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Avicula laevigata, de Koninck, from the carboniferous limestone of Belgium,
&c. &c.

This genus is known to have existed in the Chemung of Phillipsburg, New
York,* whence it probably continued to the epoch of the Burlington lime-
stone. An uudescribed species occurs iu the fine grained sandstone of Ohio.

Pernopecten lim^formis, Winchell. {Aviculopecten limceformis, White and
Whitfield.) In this typical species, the number of ligamentary pits is about
seven on each side of the mesial one. The hinge line is short, and the auri-
culations are small and Lima- like.

Pernopecten limatus, n. sp. Shell rather small, moderately ventricose,
subcircular. Body of shell bounded by two straight lines diverging from the
beak at an angle of 126°, and proceeding to the superior lateral margins, from
which points the outline of the .^hell is very nearly circular. Hinge line
straight, a little more than one-third the greatest width of the shell ; ears
very small, flattened, subequal ; the anterior (of the left valve) making an
angle of about 10(5* with the hinge line, and 120° with the body of the valve ;
the posterior ear forming an angle of 129^ with the hinge line and 146° with
the body of the shell. Beak small, inconspicuous, not projecting beyond the
hinge line. Convexity of the valve nearly a segment of a sphere, a little more
elevated in the umbonal region. Surface extremely smooth.

Dimensions parallel with the hinge 1*20; at right angles with the hinge
1*05 ; length of hinge line *40 ; length of anterior slope of body of valve -59 ;
of posterior slope -47 ; convexity of left valve '17.

From the base of the Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa, a horizon
identified by its fauna with the yellow sandstones below, (compare my paper,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Jan., 1863, p. 25). "White Collection " of the
University of Michigan.

* The internal hinge structure of this species has not been observed, but the
auriuulations are scarcely such as belong to Aviculopecten, as defined by
McCoy, while they present a close conformity with the foregoing species.

Aviculopecten occidental it, Win., differs from this in its longer cardinal
slopes, making a smaller angle with each other, and in its longer hinge line,
with larger and distinctly ribbed auriculations.

Pernopecten Shumardanus, Winchell, {Avicula circulus, Hall, not Shu-
mard). It is scarcely possible that the species identified by Hall (Iowa Rep.
022, pi. vii. fig. 9) as A. circulus, Shum., (Missouri Rep. 206, pi. c. fig. 14),
can be the same species. Prof. Hall's figure and description do not show it ;
nor do specimens from the same bed, commonly regarded as A. circulus, Hall,
present satisfactory correspondence. The shell has a much shorter hinge
line, with smaller ears, joining the cardinal slopes by obtuse angles. More-
over the concentric lines are very regular, and the radial ones are faint, irre-
gular dashes, entirely unlike the continuous and distinct though diminutive
ribs of A. circulus, Shumard.

Yielding to the suggestion of Dr. White, I formerly identified A. circulus,
Hall -before I had seen actual specimens — with Aviculopecten limceformis,
White and Whitfield. I am convinced, however, on careful comparison of
specimens, that we must regard A. circulus, Hall, as a distinct species.

In general characters this species resembles P. limatus, and only differs in
its shorter and less sharply defined cardinal slopes, and the presence of the
two systems of superficial markings.

PINNA, Linnaeus.

Pinna ? Marshallensis, n. sp. Shell small, equivalve, compressed, lance-
olate, squarely truncate and gaping at the extremity opposite the hinge, and

* I find tbat Prof. Hall has also marked this form as a distinct frenus.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127

acuniiiiately tapering toward the opposite extremity. Anterior side nearly
straight, or distinctly hollowed. Posterior side parallel with the anterior for
half its length ; toward the hinge gradually approaching the opposite side.
The truncation is at right angles with the anterior side, leaving a broadly
gaping ventral margin. External surface smooth.

Length dorso-ventrally "97 (100) ; greatest dimension at right angles with
this -26 (27) ; thickness of both valves -12 (12).

Collected by A. Winchell at Napoleon cut, Jackson County, Michigan.

MYALINA, DeKoninck.

Myalina Lowensis, n. sp. Shell rather small, ventricose, obliquely elon-
gate-quadrate. Umbonal ridge elevated, arched, highest about midway be-
tween the beak and the opposite end, forming an angle of 50° with the straight,
somewhat elongate hinge line ; anterior and posterior sides parallel, the former
distended in a very shallow pouch just beneath the beak, the latter very
slightly hollowed throughout its upper half ; basal region regularly rounded,
with an obtuse angulation next the posterior side. From the umbonal ridge
the slope is precipitous to the anterior margin, much less so toward the pos-
terior, and it gradually subsides into a flattening toward the dorso-lateral
angle. Surface of shell nearly smooth, marked with fine incremental lines.

Greatest dimension — from beak to opposite extremity — -83 (100) ; length of
hinge line *46 (55) ; diameter, at right angles with umbonal ridge, "41 (50).

From the base of the Burlington limestone. "White Collection," of the
University of Michigan.

This species resembles M. angulata, Meek and Worthen, from the Chester
limestone of Illinois, and M. Michiganensis, Winchell, from the Marshall group
of Michigan. From the former it differs greatly in its smaller size, its shal-
lower posterior concavity, and its less abruptly rounded base. From the
latter it differs in having straighter anterior and posterior sides, giving it a
more quadrate outline, a more elevated umbonal ridge, and a shorter antero-
posterior dimension.

Myalina Michiganensis, Win. Collected by A. Winchell at Napoleon Cut,
Jackson County, and at Germain's Quarry, Hillsdale, Hillsdale County, Mich.

Edmondia ? bicarinata, Win. A species apparently identical with this
occurs in a conglomerate four miles north of Panama, Chataque County, New
York, supposed by Prof. Hall, in his Report on the Fourth District of New
York, to constitute a portion of the Millstone Grit of Pennsylvania. It was
figured and briefly characterized under the name of Cypricardia contracta,
Hall. The later specific name must therefore be abandoned.

Edmondia jequimarginalis, Win. Specimens clearly identical with this
occur in the same conglomerate with the above, as also in a conglomerate at
another locality, supposed by Prof. Hall to underlie the Millstone Grit, and
to constitute the terminal member of the Chemung Group.

The specimens of these two species occurring in New York, as well as the
two others to be mentioned, are preserved in Prof. Hall's cabinet ; and I desire
to acknowledge my great obligations for the opportunity afforded of making
the direct comparisons.

Edmondia Burungtonensis ? White and Whitfield. A lamellibranch, too
imperfect for certain determination, but closely resembling the above, occurs
in Whittlesey's Collection, from a place "one mile east of Orange Center,
Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 25 or 30 feet below the Grindstone Grit."

SANGUINOLITES, McCoy.

Sangdinolites sthigatcs, n. sp. A small species, resembling Area modesta
Win., from Burlington, Iowa. Unfortunately the specimen was lost while
awaiting a description. It had, however, been investigated and its generic

1865.]

128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

position fixed. Coming from a locality difficult of access, and poor in fossils,
it seems proper to admit this reference to its existence.

Collected by A. Wincliell at Point aux Barques, Huron County, Michigan,
at the base of the Marshall group.

Sanguinolites concentkica, Win., (Cardinia concentrica, Win., Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., Sept., 1862, p. 413). Collected by A. Wine-hell at Alan's and
Germain's quarries, Hillsdale, Hillsdale County, Michigan.

This species is the analogue of Cardinia tdlinaria, Goldf. sp., (Petr. Germ,
ii. ISO, pi. 131, fig. 17), but is more enrolled and more distinctly furrowed.
It resembles also, in external characters, Allorisma Hannilmlensis, Shum.

In the.original description of this species, "ventral," in the second line,
should be changed to " vertical."

Sanguinolites Hannibalensis, Win., {Allorisma Hannibalensis, Shum.) The
single specimen collected by the writer at Alan's quarry, Hillsdale, Michigan,
less resembles the original figure than it does the Burlington specimens re-
ferred to this species. The Hannibal type is more elongate, with broader
furrows.

This species also occurs, satisfactorily identifiable, in both the conglome-
rates spoken of under Edmondia.

Cardiomorpha Julia, Win. Occurs at Napoleon Cut, Jackson County,
Michigan. Collected by A. Winchell.

Leda bellistriata, Stevens. This has been collected by A. W. at Alan's
and Germain's quarries, Hillsdale, Michigan.

CTENODONTA, Salter.

Ctenodonta Hubbardi, Win., Nucula Hubbardi, Win., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., Sept., 1862, p. 417; ? = Nuculites sulcatina, Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat.
Phila., viii. p. 250, pi. xv. fig. 10). Collected by A. W. at Napoleon Cut,
Jackson County.

Amongst my collections from the Marshall group are numerous specimens
generically closely allied to, if not identical with, Nucula, from which I have
described N. Hubbardi, sectoralis, stella and lowensis — the latter having been
originally described by White and Whitfield from the yellow sandstones at
Burlington, Iowa. To the Iowa species I have added another — N. microdonta.
These five species all present a line of teeth continuous from one side of the
beaks to the other, without the ligamental pit which belongs to the modern
species of Nucula. This variation attracted my attention at the very first ;
and I observed that )the hinge characters seemed to identify the species with
Tellinomya, Hall, and Ctenodonta, Salter. A species from the Hamilton group,
and identified again in the Chemung group, had been described by the subse-
quent founder of Tellinomya, as Nucula bellatula, (Rep. 10th Dist. N. Y., p.
196) ; and Nucula hians had also been recently described by him (xiii. Rep.
N. Y. Regents, p. 110) from rocks of nearly the same age in Indiana, to say
nothing of the description by Stevens of N. Eoughtoni, from the Marshall
group. Without being acquainted with the details of the hinge structure of
these species last mentioned, I yielded to the influence of example in referring
my species to Nucula. I did this the more readily, as Prof. Hall had expressed
the conviction (x. Report N. Y. Regents, p. 184) that Tellinomya would prove
to be a Silurian genus. It may be added to this, that Nucula ventricosa, Hall,
(Iowa Rep. p. 716, pi. 29, fig. 4, 5) does not possess the ligamental pit of a
modern Nucula, although it offers rather important departures from Telli-
nomya.*

* A fossil from the Coal Measures of Lasalle, Illinois, usually identified with JV. venlricosa, Hall,
exhibits no teeth whatever on the anterior side of the beaks, and thus presents generic characteis
heretofore unobserved. This feature is shown in several separated valves mineralized by Pyrites.
This character would seem to possess equal importance with the absence of the ligamentary pit,
on which Ctenodonta has been founded.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 129

The uninterrupted series of teeth possessed by the Nuculoid shells already
referred to, from the Marshall group and its supposed equivalents, seems to
constitute good grounds for a generic separation. For this hinge structure
three names have been suggested. Nuculites was assigned by Conrad to shells
having a continuous series of teeth and an internal clavicular ridge like C/i-
dophorus. This genus has a real existence in the Hamilton group. Tellinomya
has been applied by Hall, and Ctenodonta by Salter, to shells having the ge-
neric charactersvof the species under consideration. As, however, objec-
tions have been urged against the import of the name Tellinomya, and, on the
other hand, Prof. Hall insists upon the rights of priority over Ctenodonta, (x.
Report N. Y. Regents, p. 181), it becomes a delicate matter to decide between
the two. But since the genus Tellinomya was not founded upon characters
possessing generic value, while the real generic characters, owing to the state
of preservation of the specimens, entirely escaped observation ; and, since the
name proposed actually conveys a false idea of the relations of the genus, I
feel constrained, in spite of my desire to perpetuate an American name, to
pursue the same course as I do in regard to Athyris and other terms founded
upon a misapprehension, and, in their meaning, at variance with facts.

In regard to Ctenodonta Hubbardi, I desire further to admit the possibility
that this is the species described by Conrad under the name of Nuculites sirt-
catina. All that is stated in the description applies to this species ; and the
figure also agrees. Nothing, however, is said or shown respecting the hino-e
structure ; and both the description and figure will apply nearly as well to
Sanguinolites concentrica, Win., which occurs abundantly at the locality
whence Conrad's specimens were obtained ; while Ctenodonta Hubbardi, so
far as I have observed, is unknown at that locality. The latter, nevertheless
approaches nearest to Nuculites ; and it may be fair to presume that Conrad
had a view of the hinge structure of the specimens he described. But it must
be stated, finally, that not one of the hundreds of specimens that I have had
in my hands, furnishes evidence of the existence of the internal septum which
is essential to Nuculites and Cucullela. For the present, therefore, I feel
compelled to regard Nuculites sulcatina, Con., as a species that has not \'et
fallen under my observation.

Conrad, in the paper referred to, has described Nuculites maclroides. If this
is really a Nuculoid shell it approaches Ctenodonta sectoralis, Win., without
being identical. If not a Nuculoid shell, as I suspect, it approximates Ed-
mondia cequimarginalis, Win^ but at the same time, I could scarcely identify
it. For the present, therefore, I leave it as I have left the species just refer-
red to.

Ctenodonta stella, Win. {—Nucula stella, Win.,) also occurs at Napoleon
Cut, Jackson county, Michigan.

SANGTJINOLARIA, Lamarck.

Sanguinolaria rostrata, n. sp. Shell rather large, transverse, cuneate-
ovate in outline, of medium convexity. Beaks two-fifths the shell length,
from the anterior end, quite prominent, and rather strongly incurved. Great-
est convexity above the middle, continuing along the postero-dorsal slope.
Hinge line somewhat rmore than one-third the length of theNshell, slightlv an-
gulated between the beaks ; buccal slope slightly curved, the anal nearly
straight ; extremities obtusely rounded ; ventral margin nearly straight in the
middle region, curved rapidly beyond. Longest dimension equidistant be-
tween the beaks and venter. Pallial impression deep, without sinus (?) ; an-
terior muscular pit deep on the rostral side, roundish-oval, striate radiately
and concentrically ; equidistant between the beaks and extremity ; posterior
muscular pit more elongate ; a feeble ridge extends from the beak ajong the
inner border of each muscular pit — more perceptibly the posterior. In the
right valve a strong triangular cardinal tooth stands just anterior to the point

1865.]

130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

of the beak, and is bounded posteriorly by a deep triangular pit, and ante-
riorly by a shallower and narrower one. Nothing further is clearly known in
reference to the hinge. The shell seems to be thick and externally smooth.

Length, 1-72 (100) ; height, 1-13 (66) ; convexity of one valve, '34 (20);
distance from beak to anterior extremity, "55 (32); to posterior extremity,
1 21 (70).

Collected at Battle Creek, Michigan, by A. W.

Resembles S. similis, Win., but differs in more prominent beak, greater
convexity and straight ventral margin.

Sanguinolaria similis, Win., occurs at Napoleon Cut, Jackson county,
Michigan.

CONULARIA, Miller.

Conularia Newberryi, n. sp. Shell very small, in the form of a quadran-
gular pyramid, (the apex of which has been broken off in the specimen de-
scribed.) The pyramid is inclined over one of the angles. Angles of the
pyramid slightly rounded, and marked by a shallow groove running longitu-
dinally. Each side is marked by sharp, raised, transverse lines, which, in-
stead of running directly across, are angulated in the middle, so that at this
point they are nearer the base of the shell by a distance equal to once and
a half the distance between two lines. The distance between the lines in-
creases from above downwards, and is everywhere equal to about one-ninth
the width of the side. These transverse lines have the appearance of the pro-
jecting e'lges of septa, and are continuous from the middle of one of the
shorter sides of the pyramid around to the same point, though the ends do
not join but alternate in position. The sides of the pyramid are inclined at
an angle of 30°, and, if they met at a point in the perfect specimen, it must
have been about half an inch in length, with a width at base of about '17
inch.

Collected by A. Winchell, at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, in the water limestone
below the conglomerate.

Named in honor of Prof. J. S. Newberry, M. D , equally distinguished in the
service of science and of his country.

BELLEROPHUN, Montfort.

Bellerophon Whittleseyi, n. sp. (" Goniatitfi," figs. 1 and 2, Whittlesey,
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cincin., p. 219.) Shell rather large, globoid, rapidly en-
larging, umbilicus moderately large, exposing one anterior whorl. Trans-
verse section triangularly and broadly lunate, the dorsum being slightly ele-
vated, and the dorso-lateral slopes slightly flattened; greatest diameter of
section near the umbilicus. Keel rather distinct but with an indistinct band.
Surface marked by raised, rather distant striae, which emerge from the umbi-
licus with a slight backward inclination, and, curving forwards, pursue a
course directly across the lateral surfaces for two-thirds the distance from the
lateral to the dorsal angle, where they undergo a sudden deflection back-
wards, making with themselves very nearly a right angle, and forming on the
dorsum, by the meeting of opposite branches, a retral angle of 45°. Sinus
not seen, but probably triangular and broad.

Greatest diameter of whorl, *87 ; dorso-ventral diameter of aperture, '57 ;
number of striae in one-tenth of an inch, near the aperture at the point where
they turn backwards, 3 to 3J.

This species resembles B. rugosiusculus, Win., in general features, but
lacks the longitudinal decussating striae. It may be distinguished from all
related species by the peculiar geniculation of the striae in the dorso-lateral
region.

One mile east of Orange Center, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, 20 or 30 feet below
the grindstone grit. Whittlesey's collection.

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 131

Bellerophon nautiloides, Win., (Proc. Acad. 'Nat. Sci. Phil. Sept. 1862, p.
427.) Collected by A. W., at Alan's quarry, Hillsdale, Michigan.

Conrad has described B. stamineus, from Moscow, Hillsdale county, Michi-
gan, at which place I have observed both B. nautiloides and B. galericulatus,
Win., and it is probable that he had one of these species in view in his de-
scription. The ten words employed in the description, however, will apply
equally well to half a dozen species of Bellerophon ; and it is hence utterly im-
possible to avail myself of the results of his studies.*

Bellerophon cyrtolites, Hall. This widely distributed species has been
found at Alan's quarry, Hillsdale, Michigan. I

Pugiuncuxps ? AC0LEATUS, Ha"ll. This Rockford species has been collected
by A. W., at Alan's and Germain's quarries, Hillsdale, Michigan.

Dentalium ? Barquense, Win., (Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil., Sept. 1862, p.
425.) Additional specimens from the same locality, show that the short tubes
supposed to belong to the shell structure, are not always normal to the sur-
face ; and that when the internal cylinder is removed, so as to afford a view
of the inner surface of the prismatic coating, the oblong sections of the prisms
as they were applied to the cylinder, look somewhat like the polyp cells
shown in longitudinal sections of some branching corals ; and there is seen
also something like the same divergent disposition of the tubes. Moreover,
the structure is extremely like that referred to in the last paragraph of my
paper in the Proceedings for Sept. 1862, p. 430. This latter structure U folia-
ceous, but occurs at the same locality. Can these rigid stems, then, be corals
with very large hollow axes ?

METOPTOMA, Phillips.

Metoptoma undata, n. sp. Shell of medium size, nearly erect, apex nearly
central, aperture transversely slightly elliptic; body of shell most inflated in
the middle, somewhat acuminate toward the apex, and contracted at the
aperture. Cast nearly smooth over the body of the shell, longitudinally un-
dulate near and at the aperture, with a few wavy concentric lines of incre-
ment.

Height of shell, 1*15 (100) ; longest diameter of aperture, T06 (92).

From Bed "No. 5," Burlington, Iowa. " White Collection" of the Uni-
versity of Michigan.

The inferior side of the only specimen seen is defective ; yet there are in-
dications that it was flattened, as in the typical species of Prof. Phillips.

Platyceras paralkjm, White and Whitfield. Identified in the Lithographic-
limestone of Clarksville, Missouri. " White Collection."

A variety more robust than the typical form, and wanting in the longitudi-
nal folds which characterize the latter, occurs in the base of the Burlington
limestone at Burlington.

Platyceras vomerium, Winchell. From Sheldon's saw-mill, Big Brook,
Orange, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, below grindstone grit. Whittlesey's collec-
tion.

The Ohio specimens have a dorsum not quite so acute as the Iowa types,
and an aperture a little less expanded.

PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance.

Pleurotomaria quinquesulcata, n. sp. Shell of medium size depressed —
conical, consisting of three or four rapidly enlarging whorls. Outer whorl

* In the 4th line of my description of B. galericulatus, (!oc. cit. p, 426,) fur " ventrally," read
" retrally."

1865.]

132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

nearly as wide as all the others, having a nearly circular section, and pre-
senting on its exterior about five broad longitudinal furrows, covering the
space from the suture above to the base below ; shell otherwise apparently
smooth.

Diameter of last whorl, 1-07 (100) ; height of spire, about -72 (67).

From the oolitic bed "No. 6," Burlington, Iowa. " White Collection" of
the University of Michigan.

This species is imperfectly known, though clearly distinct from all other
species of this age, and hence deserving of notice. It is probable that the
base is regularly rounded into a broad and deep umbilicus, and that the
aperture is nearly circular. It calls to mind Euomphalus carinaius, Sow., from
the " Aymesbuty limestone," but the sulcations are only half as numerous.

A similar species exists in Whittlesey's collection, from " Sheldon's saw-
mill, Big Brook, Orange, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, below grindstone grit."

Pleurotomaria vadosa, Hall, (xiii. Rep. N. Y. Regents, p. 108.) To Prof.
Hall's description of this species, founded upon casts, may be added the fol-
lowing observations on the shell: The periphery of the body whorl is flat-
tened into a sharp carina, just above which is another, heavier one, but not
quite so projecting ; a concave belt separates these from another pair of
ridges which lie near the suture, and are interrupted by numerous regular
transverse rugulations rising into minute nodes, on the ridges.

Collected at Rockford, Indiana, by A. Winchell.

Straparollus macromphalus, Win. Specimens having twice the diameter
of the types of the species, showing the tube septate a little more than one
whorl back from the aperture. One specimen preserving the shell, shows
that it was marked only by incremental lines.

From bed " No. 1," and the oolitic layer, "No. 6." " White Collection " of
the University of Michigan.

Straparollus ammon, White. This Burlington species occurs in the so-
called millstone grit of Western New York, and was figured as Euomphalus
depressus, Hall, (Geol. Rep. ivth Dist. New York, p. 291.)

Orthoceras Indianense, Hall. Collected by A. W., at Alan's and Ger-
main's quarries, Hillsdale, and Napoleon Cut, Jackson county, Michigan.

Nautilus (Trematodiscus) discoidalis? Win. A small fragment from
Rockford, Indiana, affords strong presumption that this species existed at
that locality.

CYRTOCERAS, Goldfuss.

Cyrtoceras Rockfordense, n. sp. Shell rather large, rapidly expanding,
especially toward the aperture, apparently forming, in adult age, nearly a
complete* whorl. In some specimens the transverse section is subcircular or
laterally compressed, in others decidedly elliptic, being flattened dorso-ven-
trally. The curvature is rapid for a shell of so large size, which renders it
necessary that the chambers should be about four times as deep on the outer
as on the inner side of the whorl. Septa deeply and regularly concave ;
siphon small, situated close to the dorsal side. No surface markings are pre-
served on casts.

Transverse diameter of the last chamber, in a specimen wholly septate,
1-86 (100); dorso-ventral diameter, 1-35 (72) ; depth of chamber on the dor-
sal side, -5;i (32); on the ventral side, -13 (7); diameter of siphon, -10 (5).
In another specimen the transverse diameter of a section is 1-60; the dorso-
ventral diameter, 170.

Collected by A. Winchell, at Rockford, Indiana.

It is impossible to affirm that this species did not describe one or more de-
tached volutions. In case such was its character, it must have borne a close
resemblance to Nuvtilus cyelostomus (Phillips) de Kon., (Anim. Foss. 553, pi.
xxv. 1, a, b ; xlix 1, a, b.)

[July

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 133

Goniatites Allei, Win. The most perfect specimens seen were collected
by A. W., at Germain's quarry, Hillsdale, Michigan. Apertural constrictions
occur at regular intervals.

Goniatites Marshallensis, Win. Collected by A. W., at Napoleon Cut,
Jackson county, Michigan.

Occurs also at Weymouth, Medina county, Ohio, 80 feet below the conglo-
merate. Whittlesey's collection.

PHILLIPSIA, Portlock.

Phillipsia Doris, Win. (=Proetus Doris, Hall, xiiith Rep. N. Y. Regents,
p. 112.) This species was established by Hall on some pygidia occurring in
the Goniatite limestone at Rockford, Indiana. I am in possession of several
pygidia from this locality which agree with his description, though in the ab-
sence of measurements, it may be that his specimens are much larger. Associa-
ted with these are numerous fragments of bucklers, which prove that the trilo-
bite is a Phillipsia. The head is furnished with a border sloping downwards,
and separated from the cheeks by a deep but narrow groove ; the middle of
the border is marked by a groove which reaches from a point opposite one
eye, to the corresponding point on the other side of the head ; in some speci-
mens the latter groove reaches backward to the posterior borders of the buck-
ler. The cheeks are raised abruptly above the border, and terminated by
spinous points which are ornamented with raised longitudinal striae, aud ex-
tend backwards a distance equal to one-third the whole length of the cepha-
lic shield. The principal lobe of the glabella is in the form of a prolate
semi-ellipsoid, is almost destitute of furrows, and is supported on each side
by a large complementary lobe. The surface is obscurely granulose. The
pygidium is in the form of a semi-ellipse, with the longer diameter trans-
verse ; it is convex, with a gibbous axis, obtuse posteriorly, and articulated
to the extremity. The lateral lobes are a little narrower than the axis, and
their terminal points join the extremity of the axis. The pygidium is bor-
dered by a plain belt curved downwards around its margin, and barely mark-
ed by a continuation of the articulations* — except the two which bound it
anteriorly. Number of segments in the axis, 1 1 ; in the side lobe, 7 ; surface
the same as in the buckler.

Width of pygidium, -35 ; length, *21 ; width of axis at anterior end, -12 ;
width of border, -04. Length of buckler of another specimen, -31.

Proetus Missouriensis, Shumard, (Missouri Report, p. 196, pi. B, fig. 13, a, b,)
would seem also to be a Phillipsia, as well as its Ohio representative, Proetus
auriculatus, Hall, (xv. Rep. N. Y. Regents, p. 107.) Pictet says of Proetus, "La
glabelle est lob6e par des sillons," and of Phillipsia, "La glabelle est com-
posee d'un grande lobe median simple, et de deux petits lobes latero-poste-
rieurs."' Furthermore, Proetus Swallovi, Shumard, (loc. cit.J does not pre-
sent the posterior termination of the great suture required by the genus to
which it stands referred.

Phillipsia Rockfordensis, n. sp. Cephalic shield surrounded by a nar-
row, convex border, which is bounded internally by a narrow but deep
groove, and terminates posteriorly in conically tapering genal points. The
principal lobe of the glabella is relatively very large, convex, highest in the
middle, widened anteriorly, circularly rounded in front, and gently curved on
the sides ; no glabellar furrows are present. The complementary lobes are
large, oval, and project laterally farther than the main lobe. The surface of
the test of the glabella is finely, but sharply granulated ; that of the border
is finely striated. Size about the same as that of P. Doris.

Collected by A. W., at Rockford, Indiana.

Cythere crassimarginata, Win. Collected by A. W., at Alan's and Ger-
main's quarries, Hillsdale, Michigan.

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 13th May, 1865.

1865.]

134 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

On AMPHIBAMUS GRANDICEPS, a new Batrachian from the Coal Measures.

BY PROF. EDW. D. COPE.

The recent additions to oar knowledge of the air-breathing vertebrates of
the carboniferous period, are of great interest to the comparative anatomist,
as furnishing new points in the series of structures between the Ganoidea and
Lacertilia, or new " generalized " types combining the structures of these and
of the Batrachia.

I owe to Prof. Jos. Leidy, of our University, a specimen of a reptile, belong-
ing to the Illinois State Survey, in charge of Messrs. Meek and Worthen. It
was discovered by the latter near Morris, Grundy Co., 111., in a bed belonging
to the lower part of the coal measures. It is imbedded in a concretion of
brown limestone. The casts of the bones are. occupied by a white friable
mineral, which has probably percolated into them.

This animal combines with its Batrachian, a few Lacertilian characters,
having some resemblance to Dawson's genus Hylonomus, and much affinity
with Prof. Wyman's Ranceps 1 y e 1 1 i i . Its squamous integument and narrow
nasal roof give it the somewhat Lacertilian physiognomy, more especially
Geccotian, in its broad cranium and orbits, its large marginal palpebral scales,
and rather short digits. Its true affinities are indicated by the presence of
two premaxillaries, with a squamoso-postorbital arch, as in Labyrinthodontia,
some Batrachia Gradientia, and Crocodilia ; its quadratojugal arch as in
Labyrinthodontia and Batrachia Salientia ; its posteriorly directed oblique
quadratum and lack of ribs, as in Batrachia Salientia ; its probably short
pelvis, short separate bones of the leg and fore-arm ; its opisthocaeliau dorsal
vertebra;, and long caudal neural spines, as in Batrachia Gradientia. It is
then the type of a group intermediate between the Labyrinthodontian and
Gradient Batrachians, distinguished from the former by the opisthocoelian
vertebrae, absence of ribs, and pleurodont dentition ; and from the latter by
the scaly integument, absence of ribs, and structure of the nasal and pre-
frontal regions. But one genus of Salamanders, Glossolega, has a similar os
quadrato-jugale, and but a part of one family, the Salamandridte, the post-
fronto-squamosal or posterior zygomatic arch. A ribless type might, however,
well exist among Gradientia, when we consider the great difference between
their developement in Pleurodeles on the one hand, and Amphiurna on the
other. From the Salientia the dentigerous mandible, squamosal arch, form
of vertebrae, sacrum and extremities, etc., widely distinguish it. To the Ba-
trachian orders Labyrinthodontia, Gradientia, Gymnophidia and Salientia,
the present may be added, under the name Xenorachia.

The general form of the skull is much that of a frog, and large in proportion
to the size of the animal; its length is one-half that of the spinal axis from
the occiput to the middle of the sacral region, and five-sixths its own breadth
in the flattened specimen. The outline is not broadly rounded, as is usual
among Salamanders, but is slightly contracted, as in many frogs. The orbits
are large, regularly rounded, their longitudinal diameter one 'and one-half
times the frontal width ; their point of nearest approach is behind opposite
the position of the iris; one diameter measured obliquely, in advance of each
extends a little beyond the common premaxillary suture.

The premaxillary bones have considerable horizontal extent, terminating
opposite the narial openings, each bearing eleven or twelve teeth. Their nasal
spines were in close contact, and do not appear to be prolonged backwards,
as in most Gradientia. The external nares are rather widely separated, as in
most Gradientia, the integument which they pierced roofing a large space be-
tween the median and peripheric bones of the muzzle. The roof of the nasal
cavities is a truncate cuneiform plate, whose apex joins that of the premax-
illaries. Its composition can only be conjectured, from the appearances pre-
sented by the specimen. It may be a superior ethmoid plate, as in the frogs

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 135

Borborocoetes and others, or, more probably, a united or separate pair of
free frontal, as in Dactylethra or Rana. There is no trace of the composition
of nasals and frontals which occurs in the Gradientia, nor is such an arrange-
ment probable, in view of the regular elongate cuneiform outline of this
singular piece. A moderately distinct suture crossing the front at the ante-
rior third of the interorbital space, which presents a regular convexity for-
wards, appears to be the anterior border of the frontal ; the latter can scarcely
be an interorbital plate of ethmoid, as it appears to unite behind by suture
with the parietals. There are bosses on the prefrontal region indicating
prefrontal or " lachrymal " bones similar to those in Sceloporus and other
Lacertilian genera.

What I suppose to be the coronal suture, since it appears to be too regular
to be a fracture, crosses the narrowest part of the interorbital space ; it is a
zigzag, presenting posteriorly a median angle, and one on each side. The
posterior zygomatic arches are strong, and bound a cranial plane, which is
broader than long, and exhibits nearly parallel lateral outlines. The probably
small " crotaphite foramina " of the temporal fossae appear to have been
roofed over by perhaps the strong scales of the cranial integument. The
quadratum is convex externally, and is directed obliquely backward to oppo-
site the occiput; it is strongly concave in its posterior outline, indicating a
large auricular meatus. Whether this was covered by scales or by an exposed
tympanic drum, cannot be, determined. The quadratojugale is broad and
strong. The postorbital arch is continuous with the quadratum; the breadth
of the two equals the frontal width. The angular process of the mandible is
but little prolonged beyond the quadratum. The maxillary is toothed at least
as far as opposite the malar process.

The dentition is pleurodont ; the teeth are only visible on the mandible and
the outer edge of the upper jaw ; they are there of but one kind, small, closely
set, acute-conic, not compressed, hollow, and without any inflections of the
enamel.

The integument of the head was squamous. The scales appear not to have
been imbricate, and were perhaps more dense on the posterior regions, where
their position is occupied by the white material before spoken of, which has
here a somewhat ganoid appearance. They were more elongate on the muz-
zle. There appears to have been a distinct superciliary, and a postorbital
row, as well as a series on the border of the upper lip. A whorl of elongate
scales arranged like the pieces of an arch, surrounded the one on each side
which marked the crotaphite foramen. In the specimen these are connected
by a suture or line, which is regularly convex posteriorly. The superior pal-
pebrae were covered by small separated scales, as are seen among Geccos and
Anoles, and were bordered by a larger and continuous series, of about four-
teen subquadrate scales. These have evidently bordered the lid, extending
transversely across the orbit, and were not sclerotic scales, which are arranged
round the pupil as a centre.

The vertebral column is much injured, especially in the cervical region.
The dorsal vertebra? appear to have been short, and probably thirteen in
number between the interscapular and sacral regions. They appear to have
been constricted medially. Traces of ribs or of transverse processes are not
to be found. The impression of a sacral vertebra is distinctly preserved. The
caudal vertebrae were perhaps without osseous centra, as no definite im-
pressions can be traced, and their place is occupied by the matrix. There
are traces of osseous neural arches, perhaps similar to those of Archegosaurus,
and apparently disconnected, long, compressed neural spines, and slender
pleurapophyses ; the latter were probably united as chevron bones. Of the
former, twelve very distinct impressions maybe counted to the sacral region ;
the posterior are most slender, the median most elevated, the anterior lower,
and of greater longitudinal extent. They are more expanded in the direction

1865.]

136 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

of the axis of the body near their superior extremities, and evidently supported
a flattened natatory tail, as that of Protonopsis. These neural spines were
continued on the posterior third of the dorsal series. The visible, which is
probably the greater part of the tail, enters the remainder of the column two
and a quarter times, by measurement.

Sternal and hyoid pieces are not recognizable, though sundry fragments
are no doubt to be referred to these regions. An impression resembling that
of a raniform scapula, was probably made by that piece. The anterior limbs
were short and weak. The humerus is slender; its length equals the distance
between the centres of the external nares ; it is apparently not much dilated,
nor furnished with a process proximally, but is dilated and grooved distally,
and has no condyles. The ulna and radius are separate and slender : the
distal extremities of these, with the remaining bones of the anterior limbs,
have been lost.

Of pelvis nothing is recognizable. The femur is slender, much dilated distally,
slightly curved in the posterior direction, and without condyles. Its length
is equal to the breadth of the cranial table.

The tibia and fibula are one-half the length of the femur, are slender, most
dilated proximally ; the autero-exterfor bone is a little longer', not in contact
with the inner distally, which relation I believe to be normal. The tarsus was
probably cartilaginous, as in Protonopsis (Menopoma), a faint impression of
the outer border remaining. It was broader than long, and without heel-like
projections.

While the great shortness of the lower leg is a Salamandrine peculiarity,
the length and slenderness of the digits are quite Lacertian. The leg being
extended backward, the exterior or first digit is shortest, and a little less than
the second. This is equal to two and one-half phalanges of the fifth, (reckon-
ing from its base,) or the. proximal pair of phalanges of the fourth. The
fifth is a little shorter than the third, which is scarcely equal to the three
proximal phalanges of the fourth. The number of phalanges is 3—3—4—5
— 4 : among the Salamanders the last two numbers are usually 4—3. They
are without condyles, but exhibit one or two emarginations at their articu-
lating surfaces. The length of the basal phalanx of the first digit is two-
thirds that of the second ; the latter equals that of the fifth and the second
phalanx of the fourth ; these are very little shorter than the basal of the third
and fourth. The terminal phalanges are elongate acute, those of the first
and fourth slightly curved. They are much less obtuse than in Salamanders,
and the animal has probably had weak claws : of these no trace remains.

A few traces indicate that the dermal integument was covered on the an-
terior part of the body, at least, with small and subgranular_ scales. There
have been abdominal scales arranged in narrow imbricate series, directed in-
ward and posteriorly. Traces of plates are wanting, excepting a small frag-
ment lying beside the cervical vertebrae.

The length of this species from the sacral centre to the interscapular re-
gion, was 13 lines ; from the latter point to the end of the muzzle, 12 lines ;
to the occipital border, 4-5 lines. Longitudinal diameter of orbit, 3 lines ;
frontal breadth, 2 lines ; from border of orbit to border of nostril, 1-5 lines ;
breadth of cranial table, 3-75 lines. Length of humerus 3 lines; of femur,
3-6 lines; of tibia, 2-3 lines ; of fifth digit, 2-75 lines ; of fourth, 4-2 lines ; of
first, 1-8 lines. The portion of the tail preserved measures 5-2 lines.

If we compare the peculiarities of this genus with those of the Batrachia
of the same period, we find it to be distinguished, independently of the ordi-
nal characters, from such genera as Osteophorus, Melosaurus, Sclerocephalus,
Xestorrhytias, Baphetes, and Brachyops, by the absence of the sculpturing
of the cranial bones, the lack of dermal shields, characteristic of most of
these, and by the presence of cranial and palpebral scales. The crania of
the first genera are much more elongate, and imitate those of some Croco-

[July,

NATURAL SCIENCKS OF PHILADELPHIA. 137

dilia. Similar differences exist between the Illinois Batrachian and Dendrer-
peton (Owen) ; the latter possesses also a double row of teeth. Hylonomus,
(Dawson), supposed to possess Lacertilian affinities, exhibits ribs and bicon-
cave vertebra. The ribs of Telerpeton will distinguish it also. The only
genus as yet known to approach closely that under consideration, has been
described by Prof. J. Wyman under the name of Raniceps.* This animal is
only known from a study of the inferior aspect of a portion of the skeleton ;
nevertheless it is certainly different, being nearly double the size, and having
relatively longer and stronger anterior limbs. The angles of the mandible
appear to have been considerably more incurved than in the Illinois species.
They may have belonged to the same genus ; in that case the name here given
will not prove superfluous, as the older appellation was previously applied
to a genus of Gadid fishes.

The name Amphibamus grandiceps has reference, first, to its two
modes of progression ; its flattened oar-like tail enabled it to swim in the
waters of the swamps. of the coal period, and its elongate, clawed digits indi-
cate ambulatory power ; perhaps it climbed upon the low limbs of the Sigil-
lariaa that rose above the water. The animal was most probably nocturnal
in its habits. The humors of the eye could not have escaped far beyond
their natural envelopes, so that the subsequently formed limestone has been
hardened, and so fractured in nearly the form of the ball. On the fractured
surface below and under the remaining palpebral scales, the mineral is dis-
tinctly blackened, as by the pigmentum nigrum ; below the margin of the lid
this is interrupted by a discoid spot of the form and dimensions of an iris,
which presents a median lenticular vacuity, again revealing the pigment, ob-
viously the vertical pupil of a nocturnal animal. The preservation of the out-
line of color is certainly remarkable in a specimen of such great antiquity.
A somewhat parallel case occurs in the preservation of the ink-bags of the
Sepia? ; these do not date further back th*n the Jurassic. These appearances
cannot be explained on any supposition of artificial production.

August 1st.

Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.

Twelve members present.

The following paper was read and referred to a committee :
" Descriptions of new species of fossil Crinoidea, &c." By F. B.
Meek and A. H. Worthen.

August Sth.

Dr Ruschenberger, in the Chair.

Ten members present.

The following papers were read and referred to committees :
" Notes on a species of Whale found in the River Delaware," By
E. D. Cope.

" On some Conirostral Birds from Costa Rica." By John Cassin.

* Anier. Journ. Sci. and Arts, 1858, p. 158.

1865.]

138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

August 15 th.

Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.

Eight members present.

The following papers were read and referred to committees :

« New Polyzonidse." By H. C. Wood, Jr., M. D.

" On a new genus of Vespertilionidae." By H. Allen, M. D.

August 22 J.
Mr. Cassin, Vice President, in the Chair.
Eight members present.

August 29 th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

On report of the respective committees, the following were ordered
to be published.

Remarks on the genus TAXOCRINTJS, (Phillips) McCoy, 1844; and its relations
to FORBESIOCRINUS, Koninck and Le Hon, 1854, with descriptions of new
species.

BY F. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN.

The genus Taxocrinus, Phillips, as published by McCoy in 1844, (Carb. Foss.
Ireland, p. 178,) was founded upon Cyathocrinus ? macrodaclylus, Phillips, and
Taxocrinus polydactylus, McCoy, both of which are described, and the latter
figured by McCoy, as if- composed of five basal pieces directly alternating
with the five radial series, the latter forming free arms without any interra-
dial or anal pieces between. Phillips' figures of T. macrodactylus, however,
(Palaeozoic Fossils, pi. xv.,) particularly his figure b, certainly shows a small
interradial piece wedged in between the truncated superior lateral angles of two
of the first radial pieces. From these illustrations, therefore, as well as from
the fact that in redescribing the genus in 1851, according to the later im-
proved nomenclature of the parts, (Brit. Pal. Foss. p. 51,) McCoy distinctly
says " five hexagonal interradial plates intervene between the second primary
radials, resting on the upper lateral edges of the 1st do.,"* it is manifest
that there is generally, if not always, one or two ranges of interradial pieces,
in adult examples of what are regarded in Europe as typical species of this
genus, when found entire.

* From the species included, as well as from that author's usual method of describing these
parts of crinuids, it is obvious that by,the words " five hexagonal interradial plates intervening,
Ac," he means a single piece occupies each of the five interradial, or rather four interradial,
and one anal spaces.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 139

The genus Forbesiocrinus, proposed by Koninck and Le Hon, in 1854, (Re-
cherch. sur les Crinoides, p. 118,) was founded upon their F. nobilis, which they
think probably the same as Poteriocrinus? iiobilis, Phillips, originally included
by the latter author in his lsocrinitis, for which the name Taxocrinus was af-
terwards substituted, when he became aware of the fact that Isocrinus had
been previously used by Meyer for another group. In their description of
Forbesiocrinus, Koninck and Lehon characterize it as having five basal pieces,
alternating with five series of primary radials consisting of four pieces each,
with the anal and interradial spaces each occupied by from 12 to 13 pieces,
and the axillary spaces by three small pieces each.

From all the descriptions and illustrations yet published, of the groups
Taxocrinus and Forbesiocrinus, it is therefore clearly evident that these two
types as understood by European authors, are distinguished by Taxocrinus
having but one or two ranges of interradial pieces, or none, and Forbesiocrinus
having from 12 to 13 of these pieces occupying each interradial spaces, and
a few small pieces in the axillary spaces above. In all other points of struc-
ture, and arrangement of parts, whether of the column, basal, radial or arm
pieces, they are understood and acknowledged to agree exactly. But as it
has been found that typical species of Forbesiocrinus, possess three more or
less developed basal pieces within or beneath those regarded as such by Kon-
inck and Le Hon, (Iowa Report, p. 628,) it might be supposed this character
would aid in distinguishing the two groups. It is well known, however, that
American typical species of Taxocrinus, without interradial or anal pieces,
or with but a single range of the two, such as T. Thiemei and T. juvenis,=
[Forbesiocrinus Thiemei and F. fuvenis, Hall, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H. vii., 317 and
318,) possess precisely the same structure, being both described as having
small basal and subradial pieces.* Nor can we make the presence of inter-
axillary pieces, or the small patelliform supplementary pieces, so often seen
at the sutures of the radials in well defined Forbesiocrinus, a means of distinc-
tion, since neither are always present in otherwise typical forms of that
group with the interradial spaces filled with plates ; while well marked spe-
cies of Taxocrinus, such as T. Thiemei and T. juvenis, Hall, (sp.,) the first with-
out anal or interradial pieces, and the latter with the " interradial and anal
series consisting of one plate each," are described, the first as having " arm
joints showing the small patelloid plates very distinct," and the latter, with
" the small patelloid plates indicated by the strong curvature of the suture
lines of the radial plates, becoming more distinct in the arm plates." So if
we attempt to distinguish ihese groups at all, we must fall back upon the dif-
ference of the one group being without anals or interradials, or with but one
or two ranges of these pieces, and the other with a greater number.

Now, however well this difference may serve to separate into two groups
the few known European species, an attentive study of our more nume-
rous American forms has shaken our confidence in the possibility of separa-
ting all the species hitherto discovered, into two sharply defined genera,
until some more reliable characters can be pointed out. Our reasons for this
conclusion will be better understood by consulting the following list of 22
American and European species and varieties, with a tabular statement of
the number of the various parts of each.f

* Our Taxocrinus gracilis, of this paper, with a single series of interradials, shows clearly
three small pieces uuder the five considered the basale, by most authors.

t We have not included Taxocrinus inter scapular is, Hall, (Iowa Report, pi. i. fig. 3,) in this
list, because it deviates from the typical forma of the genus, and seems allied to Dimerocrinus.
Phillips, though differing trom that genus in not having the arms composed of a double series of
minute interlocking pieces, as well as in some other points of structure.

18H5.]

140

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+ By referring to the description and diagram of Forbesiocrinus Agassizi, (Sup. Iowa Report,)
nages 6fi and 67. it will be seen that one ofthe subradial pieces is there by an oversight described
as the first anal. It is also worthy of note, that the diagram there given, shows clearly five
basal pieces. If this is correct we may doubt the propriety of placing this species in the genus

It has not b?en considered necessary to mention in this table the number of basal pieces, be-
cause both groups agree in having three of these pieces.

t Messrs Lyon and Casseday described this species as the type of a new genus Onyctwcrinus, in
1859. We do not see, however, that it can be distinguished from Furbesiocrinus, as now under-
stood. r .

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 141

From this statement, it will be seen that, starting from such forms as Taxo-
crinus poly daclylus, T. Thiemei, &c., without interradial or anal pieces, we pass
by a very easy gradation through the young of T. communis, having a single
range of granules representing interradials, to the adult of the same, with
one well developed interradial in each space, and one anal surmounted by
two or three granules. Then we have several other species, with a single
range of interradial and anal pieces, after which we pass to T. ramulosus, with
one interradial, three to six anals, and three interaxillary pieces, and then to
T. tuberculatum, with two interradial and two anal pieces in each space ; after
which we have F. asterixformis, with its four interradials and four anal pieces.
Continuing down the list, we find, as we pass from species to species, the
number of these intermediate plates increasing as gradually as we could ex-
pect these pieces in species of the same genus of crinoids to do, until we ar-
rive at F. Worlkeni, with its thirty or more interradials, and twenty or more
anals. Nor is it probable this is the maximum number of these pieces some-
times visible between the rays, since it is known that in some species, such
as F. exculptus, Lyon and Casseday (sp.), they continue on up, and pass with-
out change or interruption, into a series forming a solid dome above. Hence
it is probable that in the typical forms of Taxocrinus, without interradials, or
but one or two rauges, and long ponderous rays, such as T. macrodactylus, T.
polydactylus and T. ramulosus, the visceral sac corresponded in size with
that of the column and rays, or in other words, extended as far up at least as
the second bifurcation, and that it was merely protected by a dermal enve-
lope between the rays aud above. The fact that this integument protecting
the softer parts, may have, in some instances, merely secreted a rudimentary
piece at the bottom of each interradial space, or one or two well developed
plates, or filled the whole space partly or entirely, or continued the process
of secreting calcareous matter, until the whole summit was arched over with
a solid vault, although probably presenting in the various degrees of this
process good specific differences, can scarcely, we should think, be regarded
in this group as presenting sufficiently important characters for the distinc-
tion of genera, especially when these differences are not coincident with any
other peculiarities. In addition to this, when we bear in mind that different
sized individuals of the same species, as in Forbesiocrinus Agassizi and F. ez-
culptus, the number of interradial pieces are acknowledged to vary in the first
instance from fifteen to twenty five, and in the second from twenty to twenty-
five, we can readily understand that some caution is necessary in basing even
specific distinctions on these differences alone.

Nor on the other hand, if we direct our attention to the primary or second-
ary radial pieces, or to the arms, do we see anything to sustain the generally
accepted distinction of two genera in this group ; for, if we make the radial
series, for instance, a basis of classification, we would have, as may be seen
by glancing at the 5th and 6th columns of the foregoing table, to place Taxo-
crinus nuntius, without anals or interradials, not only along with Forbesiocri-
nus spimfer, with its single range of interradials, but with F. Agassizi, -with its
thirty to forty anals, and twenty-five to thirty interradials. The same me-
thod would also place a variety of F. Meeki with seven interradials in the
same group with Taxocrinus juvenis, Hall, with its single range of interradial
pieces.

Now from these facts, it must be evident, we think, that if Forbesiocrinus is
to be retained as a distinct genus from Taxocrinus, it will have to be separated
upon some characters or differences not yet observed. Hence, although we
shall continue to use the two names, for the sake of convenience, ranging un-
der Taxocrinus species without interradial or anal pieces, as well as those
with one or two of each ; and under Forbesiocrinus, those with a greater num-
ber of these pieces, we shall do so — at least until better evidences of their
being distinct genera have been adduced — with the understanding that we

1865.] • 10

142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

regard the latter group as a section or subgenus under the old name Taxocrinus.
In this sense, then, we leave under the names Forbesiocrinus, our F. Monroensis
and T. Nonvoodi, as well as all those mentioned in the foregoing list from No.
12 to 22 inclusive. Our FJ semiovatus, however, seems to be a typical Taxo-
crinus, and its name should be written Taxocrinus semiovatus. The species
Forbesiocrinus nun tins, F. Thiemei, F. communis, F. Kellogi, F. spinifer, and F.
juvenis, of Hall, we regard as likewise typical forms of Taxocrinus, and hence
their names should be written Taxocrinus nuntius, T. theimei, T. communis, T.
Kellogi, T. spinifer, and T. juvenis.

Taxocrinus gracilis, Meek and Worthen.

Body small, expanding moderately from the base. Basal pieces small, and
looking like the last joint of the column divided into three pieces ; subradial
pieces so small and narrow as to allow the lower middle extremity of the
first radials to come nearly, or in some instances, quite down upon the basal
pieces ; four of them triangular and more or less wedge-shaped so as to pro-
ject up between the first radials as much as half the length of the latter ; the
fifth one larger than the others, but slightly tapering, and truncated above by
the anal? piece, so as to present a quadrangular or subpentagonal outline.
First radial pieces considerably larger than the subradial, of nearly equal
length and breadth, or a little wider than long, hexagonal in form, the infe-
rior sloping, and upper horizontal sides much longer than the others. Se-
cond radials, in four of the rays, shorter than the first, wider than long, and
generally hexagonal ; in the fifth ray of the specimen under investigation,
the second piece has its right margin enormously, and perhaps abnormally,
developed, and extended obliquely upwards, so as to fill the whole interra-
dial space above the comparatively minute interradial piece, quite up as far
as the second bifurcation of the rays, with one solid plate. In the ray con-
taining this singularly developed second piece, there are two other primary
radial pieces succeeding it, of near the natural size and form, upon the last
(fourth) one of which the first bifurcation takes place ; after this each of the
divisions bifurcates again on the fourth piece, and the two inner subdivi-
sions again on the fourth piece, while the two outer ones send off" subdivi-
sions, one on the sixth, and one on the seventh piece. In the ray immedi-
ately to the right of that just described, and apparently the anterior one, no
division takes place until upon the eighth piece, all the pieces between the se-
cond and eighth being transversely oblong or about twice as wide as long, and
gradually diminishing in size. In the other three rays, the first division
takes place on the third piece, and the second and third divisions also on the
third piece, the arms rather rapidly diminishing in size with each bifurca-
tion.

Interradial pieces very small, rather longer than wide, somewhat wedge-
shaped above, and resting between the short superior lateral sloping sides of
the first radials, and supporting on each superior sloping side a short trun-
cated margin of the contiguous second radials, which generally meet over the
little interradial, so as to isolate it from the free space above, though not
always. Anal piece a little larger than the interradials hexagonal in form,
and resting with one short side upon a truncated upper side of the largest
subradial ; while it connects on the right with a first and second primary
radial, and on the left with a second and third primary radial, and one first
secondary radial.

Surface of body apparently smooth, but showing granules on some of the
divisions of arms. Patelliform accessory pieces not developed between the
primary radial pieces, but quite distinct between some of the secondary.
Column, as in other species of the group, round and tapering downwards
from the base, near which it is composed of very thin pieces.

This species, although somewhat like T. intemcapularis, Hall, (Iowa Report,

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 143

pi. 1, f. 3,) from the same locality, will be at once distinguished by its more
spreading rays, greater interradial and interbranchial spaces, and particu-
larly by its proportionally, smaller and shorter interradial pieces, as well as
by haying the latter resting upon the superior lateral truncated sides of the
first radials, instead of upon one of the second, while it has no interaxillary
pieces as seen in T. inter scapular is It likewise shows some differences in the
bifurcations of its arms, after the first division.

A marked feature in the specimen from which the description was made
out, is the extraordinary development of the right margin of one of the se-
cond primary radial pieces, by which it is made to fill the entire adjacent in-
terradial space. This, however, as already stated, is probably abnormal.

Locality and position. New Buffalo, Iowa. Hamilton division of the Devon-
ian.

Descriptions of new species of CRINOIDEA, &c , from the Palseozoic rocks of
Illinois and some of the adjoining States,

BY F. B. MEKK AND A H. WORTHEN".

RADIATA.

ECHINODERMATA.

CYSTIDEA.

Genus COMAROCYSTITES. Billings, 1854.

Comarocystites, Billings, Canadian Journal, vol. ii. p. 269, 1854; Report Geol.
Survey Canada, p. 288, 185(3 ; Decade iii. Canadian Organic Remains, p.
61, 1859.
"Body ovate, the smaller extremity being the base ; pelvis small, of three
plates, above which are from eight to eleven irregular rows of plates, mostly
hexagonal; mouth near the summit provided with a valvular apparatus;
arms free, grooved, and composed of a single series of joints bearing
pinnulse ; ambulacral orifice in the apex between the arms ; celumn round and
smooth. The plates of the only species that has been collected present, in
some conditions of preservation, a peculiar vesicular structure of their exte-
rior surfaces, while sometimes they are solid and smooth."
"Generic name Comaron, a strawberry."

Comarocystites Shumardi, M. & W.

Body obovate, the summit being more broadly rounded than the lower ex-
tremity ; height about one-tenth greater than the breadth. Basal pieces
wider than long, irregularly heptagonal and octagonal, extending out hori-
zontally from the column, and having, at two of the sutures, small supple-
mentary pieces wedged in between, so as to come nearly in contact with the
end of the column. Succeeding ranges of plates above, five, very irregularly
arranged, and differing in size and form, but increasing in diameter from
below upwards, mostly hexagonal or heptagonal in form ; all deeply con-
cave on the outside, with prominent sharp carinse at the sutures ; when these
angular prominences are weathered or worn, slit-like pores are se«n passing
through the sutures, which they cross at right angles, being partly common
to each of the contiguous plates. Height, 1*50 inch ; breadth, 1-30 inch;
greatest breadth of one of the plates next 10 upper range, O-M inch. Arms
and openings of the summit unknown.

This species is nearly allied to C. punctatus, Billings, the type of the genus,
from which it may be distinguished by having only five ranges of plates above
the base, instead of seven or eight, as well as by the greater size. of the plates

1865.]

144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

i

near the summit, some of which measure as much as three times the diameter
of those of the corresponding pieces in the Canadian species of equal size. It
is true these are probably, to some degree, variable characters in this genus,
but not, we should think, to the extent exhibited between the Canadian species
and our specimens, in which latter they are constant. Again, where the
sutures of our species have been worn so as to expose the perforations, they
are seen to be less crowded, and not so numerous as in C. punctatus, while
none of the plates, even where apparently perfectly preserved, show any
traces of surface stria?.

The deep concavity of the external surface of the plates in this genus, and
the sharply carinated character of the sutures between, together with the
irregularity in the size, firm and arrangement of the plates, give a very pecu-
liar appearance to the fossil, that might, at a first glance, cause it to be mis
taken for a coial. When only found in the condition of detached plates, they
present a singular appearance, well calculated to mislead even an experienced
palaeontologist who had not seen the entire fossil, or enough of the plates
united, to show their true characters. The fact that they are all deeply con-
cave, and when unworn, smooth on the outside, while the inner side is convex
and strongly rayed, would naturally lead to the conclusion that the outside is
the inner side, and vice versa. When a few of the plates are found united,
however, it is at once seen that the deep concavity is on the outside, and
the convexity and rajs within. These rays extend one from the prominent
middle of each plate to each of its sides, where they connect with those coming
from the middle of the adjacent plates. When three or four of the united
plates are placed with the inside upwards, the spaces between the rays are
seen to present the form of deep, triangular pyramidal cavities, the apex of
each cavity terminating at the meeting of the corners of each three of the con-
tiguous plates. The rays are as prominent as the convex centres of the plates,
and quite narrow or linear within, but widen rapidly towards the outside of
the plates. They are also each split longitudinally into parallel laminae by a
series of profound tdits extending nearly to the outer surface of the plates,
and it is these slits that are seen, like pores, at the prominent angular sutures,
where the edges of the plates at the latter have been worn partly away. It
is difficult to understand the use of these deep slits, or divisions of the internal
rays, since, as noticed by Mr. Billings, they seem never to pass entirely
through the plates, excepting where the prominent edges of the latter have
been worn away.

Named in honor of Dr. B. F. Shumard, of St. Louis, whose labors in western
geology and palaeontology are well known.

Locality and position. —Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Trenton division of
Lower Silurian.

Comakocystites Shumakdi, var. obconicds, M. & W.

A single specimen in the collection from the same locality and position as
the species, just described, differs in being obconical instead of obovate, its
lower half tapering downwards gradually to the column. Its basal plates also
rise nearly vertically from the column, instead of extending out horizontally
as in the typical form of C. Shumardi. It has a part of the column attached,
showing it to be very nearly cylindrical, and composed of thin plates. In
form this specimen agrees nearly with Mr. Billings' figure 2, plate 5, decade
iii., Geol. Survey of Canada, from which it differs in having only five ranges
of plates above the base. It also agrees with the species we have just de-
scribed, ia having its plates above the middle proportionally larger, one of
these plates in a specimen only 0-72 inch in height, measuring nearly a third
more in diameter than those of Mr. Billings' species near 1*50 inches in height.

It is quite probable this form may belong to a distinct species, but as we

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. li.r>

are not clearly satisfied that this is the case, we merely call attention to it as
a variety of C. Shumardi.

Locality and position, same as last.

CRINOIDEA.

Genus POROCRINUS, Billings, 1856.

Porocrinus, Billings, Report Geol. Survey of Canada, 1856, p. 279 ; Canadiau
Org. Rem. 1859, Decade iw, p. 33.

Generic formula. — Basal plates 5. Proper interradials 0.

Subradials 5. Anals . 2.

Radials 1x5.

"Cup conical; basal plates five, pentagonal; subradials five, three hexa-
gonal and two heptagonal ; primary radials five ; one large azygos interradial
supported on the truncated summit of the anterior subradial, and one small
one, situated over the suture between the anterior subradials, and having
above it on one side the large azygos, and on the other the left anterior primary
radial; several small pectinate! rhombs similar to those of the C)Jstidea.,,
[Billings].

As remarked by Mr. Billings, this genus has the structure, so far as the
form and arrangement of the plates forming the base and lateral walls of the
cup are concerned, of Poteriocrinus and Cyathocriims ; from botli of which it
differs in the important character of having pectinated openings analogous to
those of the Cystidea.

Our specimens of the following described species also show that this inte-
resting type also presents another character in common with some of the Cys-
tidea— that is, the possession of several large rounded, non-pectinated open-
ings above. Of these openings there are three, one on the anal side, and two
on the anterior side. They are all nearly on the same horizon as the bases of
the free arms, though the anal opening is a little lower than the other two.

So it would seem this genus presents, as it were, a combination of the cha-
racters of the Orinoidea and Cystidea. With the regularity of structure and
arrangement of parts of a true Crinoid, it has the pectinated and other open-
ings of a Cystidean. It differs, however, from the Cystidea in having the pec-
tinated openings located at the junction of the corners of the plates, instead
of passing through them near one of the sides, while the little bars protecting
these openings are arranged obliquely, instead of at right angles to the mar-
gins of the plates, as in the Cystidea.

Our species also shows that the conical form of the cup is not a generic
character.

POROCRINUS CKASSOS, M. & W.

Body subovoid or a little higher than wide. Base depressed, rather widely
truncated below, pentagonal in outline, two and a half to three times as wide
as high, with a comparatively large pentagonal central perforation ; basal
pieces wider than long, pentagonal in outline. Subradial pieces twice to
three times as large as the basal, about as high as wide, three hexagonal, and
two on the anal side heptagonal. First radial pieces of about the same size
as the subradials, apparently all irregularly heptagonal, each with, near its
upper extremity, a small outward sloping subcordate, or oval, flattened sur-
face for the articulation of the second (first free) radial piece ; four of them
with each* one, and the fifth with two, of the superior lateral margins deeply
sinuous and forming in part the margins of the large rounded openings of the
summit. Anal pieces two ; the first smaller than the other, quadrangular in
form, resting between the superior sloping sides of two of the subradials,
and supporting, on its right upper sloping edge, one side of one of the first
radials, and on its left one of the oblique sides of the second anal piece.

1865.]

1 4G PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Second anal oblique, wider (obliquely) than its diameter in the direction of
its vertical axis, irregularly pentagonal, resting with its base upon the upper
truncated side of one of the subradials, and its left side against one of the
first radials ; while its upper right margin connects with another, and its sinu-
ous oblique superior side forms the under margin of the anal opening. Pec-
tinated areas situated in deep excavations, those at the angles of the basal
and subradial pieces largest, and obscurely trilobate ; the smaller ones at the
angles above oval or subcircular. Surface ornamented with strong radiating
costse extending from the centre to each of the sides of the plates, and all
widening from the centre outwards. Sutures distinctly furrowed, even on
the truncated under side of the base.

Length 0-72 inch ; breadth about O66 inch.

This species will be at once distinguished from P. conicus, of Billings, the
typical species of the genus, by its oval instead of obconic form, (being widest
a little below the arms, and rounded in above), and the strong radiating cos-
tse of its plates. We know of no other form with which it need be compared.

Like the typical species, its free arms commenced with the second radial,
and were evidently slender, and nearly cylindrical, or a little compressed late-
rally, and provided with a very small furrow above. We have not seen the
column, but it appears to have been large at its connection with the base.

Nor have we been able to see the structure of the small crown occupying
the narrow space within the area surrounded by the arms, but it seems to
consist of about three or four comparatively large plates.

Locality and position. Oswego, Kendall Co., 111. Cincinnati Group,* Lower
Silurian System.

POROCRINUS PENTAG0NIUS, M. & W.

Body pentagonal-obovoid, being more or less rounded above, and tapering
at an angle of about sixty degrees from the middle of the prominent sub-
radials to the summit of the column ; base forming about one-fifth of the
entire height, and having the form of an expanding pentagonal basin, with
flattened sides ; basal pieces pentagonal, and nearly twice as wide as high.
Subradial pieces as long as wide, and equalling nearly half the length of the
body. — the only one visible on all sides in our specimens, hexagonal in form ;
each prominent in the middle, from which point a well-defined ridge radiates
so as to connect with similar ridges on each of the surrounding plates ; the
ridges passing laterally and upwards intersect the sides of the plates, but the
one passing downwards from the middle of each subradial coincides with its
central inferior angle, where it connects with a corresponding ridge extending
up the sutures between the basal pieces ; the arrangement of the ridges being
such us to divide the surface into a series of large triangular, slightly concave
areas, in which are placed the pectinated openings. These openings at the
corners of the basal and subradial pieces consist of about twelve of the linear
fissures to ea< h plate ; those at the junction of the plates above smaller, with
a proportionally smaller number of fissures. Form and arrangement of the
anal and radial pieces, as well as of the arms, unknown.

Surface finely granulo-striate, the granules being ranged in lines parallel to
the ridges, particularly on the ridges below the middle of the subradials, so as
to present, as seen under a good magnifier, a finely substriated appearance.

Column rounded, and expanding rapidly upwards near the base, where it is
composed of very thin segments with minutely crenated edges ; farther down
the segments are proportionally thicker and more coarsely crenate.

Length of body, 0*43 inch ; breadth at the middle of the subradials, 0-40
inch. Breadth of column at its connection with the base, 0-15 inch ; do. 0-72
inch below, 0-05 inch.

* See Note at the end of this paper.

CA«g.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 147

This species will be readily distinguished from P. conicus, of Billings, by
its broader, more ovoid, and more angular form, owing to the much greater
prominence of its subradial pieces, and particularly by the well-defined ridges
radiating from the centre of the plates. In the latter character, it approaches
more nearly the last described species, P. crassus, from which it differs in a
marked degree, in having its under side below the middle of the subradial
pieces greatly more tapering, and base much smaller, and not wider than the
head of the column, as well as proportionally higher. It also differs in having
its greatest breadth at the middle of the subradial pieces, which are much
more prominent ; while its pectinated openings are not sunken, nor its sutures
furrowed as in the last.

Locality and position. — Trenton Limestone, of Lower Silurian; Dixon, 111.

Genus HETEROCRINE, Hall, 1847.
Heterocrinus crassus, M. & W.

Body robust, but rather small compared with the arms and column, wider
above than the length from the base to the summit of the first radials ; dis-
tinctly truncated at its connection with the column, from which point the
sides expand rather distinctly upwards ; subpentagonal in outline as seen
from below. Basal pieces pentagonal, wider than long, and all excavated or
indented on the outside at the superior angle and down the middle. First
radial pieces longer than the basal, about three-fourths as long as wide,
broadly truncated above, and regularly pentagonal in form, excepting two on
the anal side, which appear to each have one of the superior lateral angles a
little truncated for the reception of a small anal piece ; all deeply indented
at their inferior lateral angles, so as to leave a broad, rounded, undefined ridge
or prominence descending from the middle to the basal pieces. Succeeding
radial pieces forming free arms, nearly as wide as, but much shorter than,
the first; in four of the rays all transversely oblong, and about three or four
times as wide as long, excepting the fourth or fifth pieces, which is pentagonal,
and supports, on its sloping upper side, the first divisions. In one ray on the
anal side the second piece is pentagonal, larger than that of any of the others,
and gives off a lateral branch from its short sloping side on the left,* above
which the other pieces present the same size and form seen in the other rays.

Arms after the first division on last radial, bifurcating again on the sixth or
seventh piece, after which they are known to divide again in one arm, on the
sixth piece, which is as far as our specimens show the structure.

Surface usually appearing smooth, but sometimes showing traces of scatter-
ing granules. Column comparatively large, distinctly pentagonal, and ex-
panding upwards near the base of the body, where it is composed of irregu-
larly alternating thicker and thinner segments ; central perforation small and
round.

Height of body from base to the summit of first radial pieces, 0*35 inch ;
breadth at summit of first radials, about 0-67 inch ; length of five succeeding
radial pieces, 0-4(j inch ; breadth of do. about 0*15 inch. Breadth of column
at its connection with the base, 03:2 inch.

This is perhaps the largest and most robust species of the genus known. It
is composed of thick, strong plates, and the indentations or excavations at
the points where the superior angle of each basal plate connects with the
inferior lateral angles of the first radials, together with the more shallow
depressions extending down from these points to the lower margin of the basal
pieces, give a pentagonal outline to the body — the five angles being coincident
with those of the column.

* From some of the specimens it appears somewhat doubtful whether this may not be. a range
of anal pieces, instead of a branch of the arm.

1865.]

148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Locality and position. — Cincinnati Group of the Lower Silurian series ;
Kendall Co., Illinois.

Heterocrinps subcrassus, M. & W.

This species agrees so nearly with the last in most of its characters as to
render a detailed description unnecessary. It will be readily distinguished,
however, by its smaller size, as well as its less robust appearance, and the
different aspect of its arms. This latter difference consists in the more slender
appearance of all the divisions, and particularly in the joints of which they
are composed having their upper margins projecting beyond the base of each
succeeding piece above, so as to present a kind of upward imbricating appear-
ance and roughness, not seen in the arms of H. crassus.

As in the last, its rays bifurcate first on the fifth and sixth pieces, and one
of them gives offabranch (?) on the leftside ofthe second radial, abovewhichit
bifurcates regularly on the sixth piece. After the first regular division on the
last radial piece, some of the arms are seen to divide again on the fourth,
others on the fifth, and others on the sixth pieces, after which one division is
known to bifurcate on the sixth piece, and still again on the thirteenth.

Breadth of body at the summit of the first radial pieces, 0*27 inch ; height
of do., 0-13 inch ; length of rays from top of first radial pieces to the first
bifurcation, 0.21 inch ; entire length of arms from first division to extremities,
about 1-50 inches. Breadth of column at its connection with the base, 0-15
inch.

Locality and position. — Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati Group of Lower Silu-
rian .

Heterocrine ? incurvus, M. & W.
Subgenus Anomalocrinus, M. & W.

Body expanding rapidly from the base to the summit of the first and second
radial pieces, where it is more than twice as wide as high; composed of the
five basal, five first radial, and two second radial pieces. Basal pieces pen-
tagonal, of moderate size, wider than long, and forming together a low rapidly-
expanding, pentagonal cup. First radial pieces in three of the rays from
three to five times as large as the basal pieces, wider than long, two hexagonal
and one heptagonal, — all with their superior lateral angles strongly incurved
between the arms, and each with a small protuberant, rounded facet above,
for the reception ofthe small succeeding radials. In the remaining two rays,
the first pieces are smaller and lower than those of the others, and each pen-
tagonal in form, with the upper side horizontally truncated its entire breadth,
for the reception of a larger second radial, which in these two rays agrees in
size and form, as well as in being included as a part of the walls of the body,
with the large first pieces of the other rays. Succeeding radials not more
than one-third as wide as those included in the walls of the cup, and forming
small, rounded, widely separated free arms, consisting of one to three quad-
rangular and one pentagonal pieces to each ray. Arms above the first bifur-
cation on the second or third pentagonal free radial, in two of the rays seen,
bifurcating again on the third piece, and, in one instance, sending off nearly
at right angles from the second piece after the first division, a strong tentacle,
or small lateral branch.

First anal piece pentagonal, longer than wide, and resting between the left
sloping side of a large second primary radial and the right sloping side of a
first primary radial, with rather less than half its length projecting above the
focmer, and without extending down so as to bring its base in contact with
any of the other plates below. In the individual examined, this piece is
strongly incurved, and supports on its inner truncated end an oblong, narrow
second anal, which in its turn supports a smaller third piece, all of which are
arranged in a right line, and probably form one side of a proboscis.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 149

Surface smooth, or only with traces of flue granules. Sutures a little con-
cave. Column comparatively strong and rounded near the base, where it is
composed of short joints, and marked with obscure, regular longitudinal striae.

Height of body on the anal side, 0.28 inch; do. on the opposite side, 0.22
inch ; greatest breadth above (allowing for a slight accidental compression)
about 0.38 inch ; breadth of free arms at their connection with the body, 0.08
inch ; breadth of column at its connection with the base, 0.16 inch.

This species presents points of analogy both to Heterocrinus, Hall, and Hybo-
crinus, Billings, and yet seems to differ from both to such an extent, that if
we could be sure some of its peculiarities are not abnormal in our specimen,
we would be inclined to view it as the type of a new genus. As we have seen
but the one specimen, however, which is not complete in all its parts, we
have concluded to place it, for the present at least, as the type of a subgenus
under Heterocrinus. It differs from the typical species of that genus in having
the column round instead of pentagonal, and in having only the first primary
radial pieces in three of the rays, and two in each of the others, included as a
part of the walls of the body ; while its preceding primary radials are very
narrow, and form small, rounded, distantly separated arms, instead of being
nearly as wide as those soldered in the walls of the cup. Another peculiarity
is the strongly incurved superior lateral angles of the large radial pieces around
the margin of the cup between the arms.

In the rather unsymmetrical form of the body, the slender proportions of
the free arms, and its general aspect, it resembles Hybocrinus, from which it
differs in having but one anal piece connected with the walls of the cup, and
in having two of the rays and two of the primary pieces included in the wall,
while its free arms bifurcate twice or oftener, instead of being simple from
their origin.

Locality and position. — Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati Group of Lower Si-
lurian.

Genus ERISOCRINUS, M. & W.

Erisocrinus, M. & W., Am. Jour. Sci. xxix. p. 174, March, 1865.
Philocrinus, M. & W., ib., May, 1865 ; not Koninck, 1863.

Generic formula.

Basal pieces, 5 \

Subradials, 5 > united to form the walls of the body.

Radials, 2 X 5 }

Anals and interradials, 0.
Soon after publishing the description of this genus, we were led by its simi-
larity to a genus described by Prof. Koninck, from the Carboniferous rocks of
India, to believe it identical, and ranged our species under that name. Later
comparisons have caused us, however, to doubt the correctness of this con-
clusion. If there is no mistake in regard to Philocrinus being without a range
of subradial pieces, then the two types would be clearly distinct. The fact,
however, that the basal pieces in Erisocrinus are small, and might be easily
overlooked in imperfect specimens, taken in connection with the fact that the
lowest range of pieces represented in Prof. Koninck's figure, if true basals,
would have to present a singularly elongated cuneiform outline, leads us to
suspect there may be another range of small true basal pieces below them,
but not visible, from some imperfection in the speeimen in Prof. Koninck's
type. If so, then the identity of our Crinoid with our Indian type would be
complete. Until this question can be satisfactorily settled, however, we have
concluded to retain our name Erisocrinus for the American type. Should
they prove identical, however, of course Prof. Koninck's name will have to
take precedence, since it has priority of date.

1865.]

150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Erisocrinus conoideds, M. & W.

Body small, below the summit of the first radials obconic, nearly twice as
wide as high ; basal pieces a little wider than long, pentagonal as seen pro-
jecting beyond the column, and forming together a small low cup with di-
verging sides ; subradials near three times as large as the basal pieces, a little
wider than long, and all hexagonal ; first radial pieces half as long as wide,
about twice as large as the subradials, and all broadly truncated on the same
horizontal plane above, for the reception of the second radial pieces. Surface
smooth ; sutures linear, not impressed ; plates not convex. Column and all
the parts above the first radial pieces unknown.

Height to summit of first radials, 0-20 inch ; breadth of do. 0-34 inch.

This species will be at once distinguished from young specimens of the last
of its own size, by its obconic, instead of basin-shaped cup. From Prof. Ko-
ninck's species cometa (in case our species should really belong to his genus)
it will be distinguished specifically by the less convex outline of the sloping
under sides of its cup, as well as by its shorter and proportionally wide first
radial pieces. It will of course have to take the name P.hilocrinus conoideus,
in case Prof. Koninck's species should prove generically identical with these
American forms.

Locality and position. — Springfield, 111., Coal Measures.

Erisocrinus tuberculatus, M. & W.

Although we only know this fine species from its detached plates, these
agree so exactly in form with the corresponding parts of our Erisocrinus typus
from the same beds, that scarcely a doubt can be entertained in regard to
their belonging to the same genus ; while they differ so remarkably in their
surface characters as to be distinguished at a glance, specifically, from that or
any other Crinoid known in our Coal Measures. This difference consists in
their entire external surface being covered with regularly disposed, narrow,
prominent tubercles, instead of being smooth.

Of these tubercles there are, on a first radial plate measuring 0-00 inch in
breadth and 0-54 inch in height, about thirty in number, arranged so as to
form two rows of about eight each, ranging parallel to the inferior sloping
margins, and one row of about eight along the superior margin. Between
this latter row and those below, there are usually a few tubercles either iso-
lated or forming a third transverse row. There is likewise usually one or
several others at the lower middle angle outside of the regular rows. This
arrangement of the tubercles into rows is not, however, always obvious at a
first glance, but a tendency to such a disposition can always be seen.

On the second radials the tubercles are arranged in a single row along the
lower and eachaeuperior sloping margin, with one or more in the middle be-
tween the rows. In the articulating, or connecting surfaces of the radial
plates, we observe no differences between these pieces and those of the corre-
sponding parts of E. typus.

Some of the plates indicate a transverse diameter of 1*40 inch for the entire
body.

If our proposed genus Erisocrinus is, as we have suspected, identical with
Pkilocrinus of Koninck, the name of this species will have to be written Pliilo-
crinus tuberculatus.

Locality and position. Upper Coal Measures. Sugar Creek, Sangamon Co.,
111., and near Brighton, Jersey Co.

Genus CYATHOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.
Cyathocrinus quinquelobus, M. & W.
Body broad baain-shaped, composed of very thick, strong plates ; height to

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 151

summit of first radial pieces, less than half the width. Base small, a little
concave below, or forming a nearly flat pentagonal disk ; basal pieces about
half hidden by the column— the portion of each exposed pentagonal in form.
Subradial pieces much larger than the basal, four of them hexagonal, and one
on the anal side heptagonal ; each having a strongly elevated, bicarinate pro-
tuberance, extending out horizontally almost its entire length, like the rays
of a star, upon which the body rests when placed with the under side down.
First radial pieces two and a half to three times as wide as high, pentagonal,
and all transversely truncate their entire breadth above, for the reception of
the succeeding radials, so as to present a broad, moderately concave, outward
sloping facet above ; those of the two antero-lateral rays each nearly twice as
long as the others, and provided ne^r the middle of the upper margin with
two angular nodes or prominences ; sutures close fitting, and not very appa-
rent. First anal piece small, quadrangular, a little wider than high ; resting
upon the truncated upper side of one of the subradials, and connecting on
each side with a first radial, above which it does not project.

Columnar facet of moderate size, a little concave, with a rather small,
rounded, central perforation, and traces of radiating striae around the margin.
Surface finely and regularly granulose.

Height to summit of first radial pieces, 0-55 inch ; greater transverse diame-
ter, at summit of first radials, l-04 inches.

This species is evidently allied to C. sculptilis* of Hall, from the Burlington
limestone ; but it is much more robust, and has more prominent subradial
pieces, with the prominences more grooved along the middle. Its base is also
more concave, and its first radial pieces, particularly the anterior and postero-
lateral, proportionately shorter ; while it shows no tendency to develop ridges
across from the subradials to first radials, nor has it any surface striae.

Locality and position. — Warsaw, 111. Keokuk division of subcarboniferous
series.

Cyathocrinus subtumidus, M. & W.

Body below the summit of the first radial pieces, cup-shaped, robust, rather
deep, somewhat rounded below, with nearly vertical sides. Basal pieces well
developed, pentagonal, convex, about as wide as long. Subradials four or
five times as large as the basal pieces, thick, and very strongly convex,
slightly higher than wide, four hexagonal and one apparently heptagonal.
First radial plates about the size of the subradials, having a general pentago-
nal outline, with the two superior lateral angles usually a little truncated,
apparently by the first series of the vault pieces — not tumid, like the plates
below ; each with a moderately concave outward-sloping facet for the recep-
tion of the next radial above. Succeeding primary radials (of which one
ray shows two, and another three,) about half as wide as the first radial
pieces, all rounded on the back, two in one ray, and one in another, trans-
versely oblong ; the last one in each of these rays proportionally a little
larger than the others, and supporting on its superior sloping sides the arms,
which, in the anterior ray, bifurcate again on the second piece. (Number and
arrangement of the anal pieces unknown.)

Breadth of body, 0-90 inch ; height of body to summit of first radials, 0*72
inch.

This species has the general aspect of Cyathocrinus bullatus and C. protube-
rans, Hall, (Iowa Report, 624 and 626, ) but differs from both in having its

* We now regard our C.scilulus( Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Sept., 1860, p. 393,) as a synonym
of C. sculptilis. Hall. Our description was going through the press when we first saw Prof. Hall's
Supplement to the Iowa Report, in which he described his C. sculptilis, and, owing to the necessa-
ry haste with which our comparisons hail to be made, and the fact that Prof. Hall had inadvert-
ently described oue of the subradi 1 pieces of his species as the first anal piece, and the first anal
as the second, caused us to overlook their probable identity.

1865.]

152

PROCEEDINGS OF THE A^.iDEMY OF

basal pieces proportionally much larger and more tumid, and its radials above
the first narrower and proportionally longer. From C. protuberans it also
differs in not having its first radial pieces tumid, while one of its arms after
the first division is seen to bifurcate again on the third piece, instead of
merely giving off small lateral branches, as in C. protuberans.

Our specimen being defective on the anal side, we have been unable to de-
termine whether it has one only, or two anal pieces soldered in the wall of
the cup, though it appears to have but one.

Locality and position. — Keokuk limestone, of subcarboniferous series. Near
White Hall, Green County, 111.

CYATHOCRINUS ENORMIS, M. & W.

Poteriocrinus ? enormis,M. & W. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., June", 1861, p. 137.
Although this species possesses the structure and arrangement of the parts
composing the walls of the body, including the anal pieces, of Poteriocrinus.
the fact that it has a slender lateral proboscis, not larger than one of its armsj
instead of a large trunk nearly as wide as the body, as seen in typical species
of Poteriocrinus, leads us to the conclusion that it more properly belongs to
the allied group of Ci/athocrinus. This conclusion is also sustained by the
appearance of an opening in the summit, near the small lateral proboscis.
These differences in the structure of the summit will probably be found of
more importance as a distinction between these two groups, than the fact of
one or two more or less anal pieces being included as a portion of the walls
of the body.

Genus POTERIOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

POTERIOCRINUS (ZEACRINUS) CARBONARIUS, M. & W.

Poteriocrinus (Scarphiocrinus?) carbonarius, M. & W. Proceed. Acad. Nat.
Sci., June, 1861, p. 140.
This species has the elongated and constricted second radial pieces, as well
as the gaping sutures between these and the first radials, characterizing Scar-
phiocrinus, but differs from the typical forms of that group in having a con-
cave base. In the latter, as well as some of its other characters, it agrees
with Zeacrinus, to which it seems to more properly belong.

Genus ACTINOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

ACTINOCRINUS PISTILLUS, M. & W.

Body, exclusive of the proboscis, sub-pyriform ; the sides rising nearly ver-
tically from the base to the summit of the first radial pieces ; thence gradually
expanding to the secondary radials, after which they expand very rapidly, so
as to cause the brachial pieces to be directed horizontally outwards, or nearly
so, at about the middle of the body. Above the horizon of the arm bases, the
dome rises at first vertically, but very soon rounds inward, and rises with a
moderately convex slope to the base of the subcentral proboscis. Base trun-
cated and flat below, with a thick dilated margin notched at the suture, so as
to present a trilobate outline, as seen from beneath ; columnar facet a little
concave, and about one-third as wide as the base. Basal pieces twice as wide
as high, and hexagonal in form, the inferior margin being much longer than
any of the others. First radial pieces wider than long, smaller than the basal ;
three of them heptagonal, and two hexagonal. Second radial pieces very
small, twice as wide as high, and transversely oblong, or sometimes with one
of the superior lateral angles truncated by one of the interradials, so as to pre-
sent an irregular pentagonal form.

Third radials a little larger than the second, pentagonal or hexagonal in
form, and supporting on each superior sloping side, a secondary radial piece,

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 153

each one of which is succeeded by another. Upon the superior sloping sides
of the latter, in the anterior and one of the lateral rays, commence the brachial
pieces, of which there are two ranges, upon the last of which commence the
free arms, thus giving origin to four arms in each of these rays. In the two
posterior rays, however, and one of the lateral, after the second bifurcation
on the last secondary radial, the latter supports on the outer sloping side a
tertiary radial, which gives origin to two brachial pieces, making live arms to
each of these rays, or twenty-three to the whole series.

After the first bifurcation on the third radial pieces, all the succeeding
pieces of each ray are in di ect contact, so as to leave no spaces for interaxil-
lary plates : while the outer brachial pieces of each two contiguous rays con-
nect over the anal aud interradial spaces, so as to nearly or quite isolate the
pieces filling those spaces, from the dome.

First anal piece of the same form as the subradials, but rather smaller than
those of the anterior and antero-lateral rays ; surmounted by three smaller
hexagonal and heptagonal pieces in the second range, and three or four in the
third, making seven or eight altogether. Interradial pieces four, (rarely five, )
those of the inferior range being larger than the others.

Surface without costse or visible granules, but roughened by the tubercular
character of the plates. The tubercle occupying each first radial and the first
anal, is larger than those on any of the other pieces of the side walls above ;
where they become smaller and less distinct with each succeeding range, un-
til they are nearly or quite obsolete a few ranges below the arms. Upon the
dome, however, the tubercles are prominent and well defined. The proboscis
is unknown, but its base is stout, and rises rather abruptly from the dome,
being placed nearly its own breadth nearer the anal than the opposite side.

The arms are also unknown. They evidently projected at first horizontally
outwards from the body, and their bases are so crowded as to form an almost
continuous rim around the body.

Height from base to horizon of arm openings, about Ot)4 inch ; height to
base of proboscis, 1*22 inches. Breadth of dilated margin of base, 0-46 inch ;
breadth of same just above, 0-38 ; breadth of body at top of first radials, 0-55
inch ; breadth of same at arm openings, 1"05 inches ; breadth of base of pro-
boscis, 0'43 inch.

This species belongs to a peculiar group of Actinocritius, as generally under-
stood in this country, of which A. piriformis, tthumard, (Missouri
Report, pi. A, figs. 6a, b, ) may be regarded as the type. It also includes
our A. pistilliformis* and A. clavigerus, Hall. These species differ remark-
ably in form from typical species of Actinocrinus, such as A. triacontadactylus,
A. lavis, &c, of the old world, in having the body very narrow and attenuate
below the arms, so as to form, as it were, a kind of handle to the upper half,
giving the whole, when the arms and pioboscis are removed, somewhat the
form and appearance of a pestle. They also differ from the old world species
regarded as typical forms of Actinocrinus, in having the arms springing from
the body in a continuous series, instead of being in five groups. Should it be
considered desirable to separate this little group as a section of Actinocrinus, it
may be called Uperocrinus, from its resemblance, when the arms and proboscis
are removed, to a short-handled pestle. If Casseday's group Batocrinus, bow-
ever, should be adopted as a distinct genus from Actinocrinus, this should be
ranged under it as a subgenus.

Specifically, the form under consideration differs from A. piriformis in
having its first anal, first radial, and basal pieces, proportionally much
shorter, its base more flattened below, and more dilated around the margin ;

* In indicating this form under the name A. rudis, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci , Juue, 1S61, p. 131,)
we ha'l over ooked the fact of that name having been used by Prof. Hall for another species, in
the tfupplemuuc of the; Iowa Report, p. 33: hence we now propose to call it A. pialiUi/urrais.

18U5.]

154 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

as well as in the plates of the lower part of its body being much more dis-
tinctly tubercular, and in the greater number and more crowded arrangement
of its arms, which were evidently, at their bases, directed outwards, instead
of being, from their origin, directed obliquely upwards.

From our A. pistilliformis, with which it agrees more nearly in some re-
spects, it differs, not only in having three more arms, but in the less abruptly
contracted form of its body immediately below the arms, as well as in having
from four to six interradial pieces to each space, instead of only two or three.
There were doubtless other more important differences that would be apparent
on comparing perfect specimens of each, judging from the different geological
positions of these two forms.

Locality and position. — Burlington limestone, of subcarboniferous series,
Burlington, Iowa.

Subgenus SPHiEROCRINUS, M. & W.

Actinocrinus (Sph^erocrinus) concavus, M. & W.

Actinocrinus {Amphoracrinus) concavus, M. & W. Proceed. Acad. Nat- Sci.,
Phila., June, 1861, p. 132.

This curious little species may be regarded as the type of a section of the
group Actinocrinus, as usually understood, for which we would propose the
name Sphcerocrinus. Its peculiarities consist in the deep convexity of the
base, and the tumid and curved character of its first radial and first anal pie-
ces. These characters are so marked, that when placed with the under side
down, it rests directly upon a broad base formed of the first radial and first
anal pieces, which curve under to connect with the sunken basal pieces, and
upwards to form a part of the vertical walls of the cup. In the lateral position
of its anal and oral opening, it agrees with Agarricocrinus and Amphoracrinus ;
but it differs from the first, with which it also agrees in being concave below,
in the tumid and curved character of its first radial and anal pieces, as well as
in having the succeeding radials, anals, and interradials forming a vertical
wall, instead of extending out on a horizontal plane, while its arms are very
much weaker, and rise from around the summit, instead of from the horizon
of the lower part of the body. Its interradial and second range of anal pieces
are also much shorter.

From Amphoracrinus, it not only differs in tbe concavity of its base and the
curved character of its first radial and first anal pieces, but in all the other
peculiarities of form, and the weakness and position of its arms.

From Dolatocrinus, Lyon, (Cacabocrinus, Troost ?) with which it agrees in
form, the number of basal pieces, and the sunken condition of its base, as well
as in the incurved character of its first radials, it differs in having its first
anal piece down on the same range with the first radials, and connecting with
the base as in the typical forms of Actinocrinus, instead of being up on a range
with the first interradials. It also differs in its lateral anal and oral opening,
as well as in not having protuberant arm bases.

MOLLUSC A.
CEPHALOPODA.

GoNIATITES COMPACTUS.

Shell subdiscoid ; umbilicus wide, or about twice the dorso-ventral diame-
ter of the last turn near the aperture, moderately deep, and showing about
half of each inner turn. Volutions four, near twice as wide as their diameter
in the direction of the plane of the shell, broadly rounded externally, and
each provided with a broad moderately deep concavity on the inner side, for
the reception of the next whorl within ; sides rather narrowly rounded near
the umbilicus, and rounding off more gradually to the periphery, the most

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 155

prominent part being within the middle. Aperture (as inferred from sections
of the whorls) transversely subreniform. Septa with a single pointed lobe on
each side ; dorsal lobe infundibuliform, the narrow portion being lanceolate ;
dorsal saddle broadly and very obtusely rounded ; superior lateral lobe from
one-fourth to one-third larger than the dorsal, and having much the same
shape, excepting that it is proportionally wider ; inferior lateral lobe consisting
merely of a broad rounded sinuosity. (Surface unknown.)

Should Montfort's name Aganides be retained for this genus, the name of
this species would become Aganides compactus.

Greatest diameter 2-50 inches ; convexity (or breadth of aperture) 1'33 inch ;
breadth of umbilicus, about 1\12 inch.

Locality and position. — Coal Measures. Macoupin Co., 111.

Note in regard to the name "Cincinnati Group," used in the foregoing paper.

As it is now acknowledged that the rocks along the Hudson river valley, to
which the name Hudson River Group had been applied, belong, as long
maintained by Dr. Emmons, to a different horizon from the so-called Hudson
River rocks of western New York, and the states farther westward, it seems to
be an awkward misnomer to continue to apply the name Hudson River Group
to these western deposits. Hence it is certainly desirable that this group
should receive some appropriate and generally applicable name. Its subdi-
visions, it is true, have already received various lithological names, such as
" Utica Slate," "Frankfort Slate," "Lorraine Shale," &c. ; but as each of
these names will probably be always directly associated, in the minds of
geologists, with the particular subdivision to which it was originally applied,
while neither of them is applicable to the lithological characters of the whole
series, we cannot, without creating confusion, so extend its signification. It
has recently been proposed to designate this series as the " Green and Blue
Shales and Limestones;" this, however, is not a name, but descriptive
phrase, and has the disadvantage of being based upon lithological characters
not everywhere characteristic of these beds.

In view of all the facts, we have concluded to propose the name Cincinnati
Group — (which will be adopted in the forthcoming reports of the Illinois Geo-
logical Survey) — for this series. This name possesses the advantage of being
equally applicable to rocks of any color or composition, while it carries the
mind to a well-known locality, where the formation referred to is extensively
developed, and its fossils so abundant that they have been thence widely
distributed, both in this country and Europe. Consequently, geologists will
everywhere at once understand to what particular horizon of the Lower Silu-
rian this name refers.

Descriptions of New Crinoidea, &c, from the Carboniferous Rocks of Illinois
and some of the adjoining States.

BY F. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN.

Genus POTERIOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

POTERIOCRINUS InDIANKNSIS, M. & W.

Body rather deeply cup-shaped or truncato obconic. Base basin-shaped,
comparatively rather broadly truncated below by the columnar facet. Basal
pieces well developed, pentagonal, about one-third wider than high. Sub-
radials large, three pentagonal, and two on the anal side hexagonal, there being
no defined angle at the middle of the under side of any of these plates. First
radial pieces about half as large as the subradials, wider than long, rounded
on the outside, and nearly pentagonal, or with one or both of the superior

1865.]

156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

lateral angles slightly truncated, so as to give an obscurely hexagonal or hep-
tagonal outline ; all broadly truncated nearly their entire breadtb above, and
one on the immediate right of the anal series, resting in part directly upon the
upper truncated side of one of the subradials, and elevated almost its entire
length above the horizon of those of the other rays. In this latter ray, and
the one on the immediate left of the anal series, the second piece is quadran-
gular, and wider than long, while the third is pentagonal, and supports the
first division of the arms on its superior sloping sides. These divisions in the
ray on the right are simple, rounded, and each composed of a single series of
somewhat wedge-shaped pieces; while the left branch of the one on the left
of the anal series, bifurcates again on the second piece, making three arms in
this ray, which are constructed like those already described, and continue
simple as far as they can be traced. In the only other ray preserved in the
specimen, the bifurcation takes place on the second radial, beyond which the
arms continue simple.

First anal piece nearly as large as one of the first radials, hexagonal, and
resting between the upper sloping sides of two of the subradials, partly under
the first radial on the right, while it connects on the left with the second anal,
and supports a third on its truncated upper side. Second anal piece rather
large, longer than wide, hexagonal, and resting upon the superior truncated
side of one of the subradials. Third anal piece smaller than the others, hexa-
gonal, and surmounted by several other hexagonal pieces in direct succession,
belonging to the. proboscis.

Surface apparently smooth. Columnar facet rather large and marked with
distinct radiating stria? around the margins.

Length of body to summit of first radials, about 0-48, excepting in the ray
on the immediate left of the anal series, where it is 0-58 inch; breadth about
0-56 inch. Breadth of columnar facet, 0-26 inch. Usual diameter of the arms
after the bifurcations, 012 inch.

Locality and position. — Crawfordsville, Indiana. Keokuk division of the
Subcarboniferous series.

POTERIOCRINDS (SCAPHIOCRINUS) TENUIDACTYLUS, M. & W.

Body in comparison with the length of the arms small, inversely campanu-
late below the summit of the first radial pieces ; being narrowly rounded below
and rather expanded above, where the breadth is nearly twice the height.
Base less than half as wide as high, basin-shaped, the sides rounding under to
the columnar facet, which is of medium size and a little concave. Basal
pieces well developed, pentagonal, and wider than long. Subradial pieces
twice or three times as large as the basal ; those on the anterior side (the only
ones seen) hexagonal. First radials wider but shorter than the subradials ;
transversely truncated about three-fourths their entire breadth above, for the
reception of the succeeding radial pieces ; those on the anterior side curving a
little outwards and having an irregular pentagonal outline, the superior lateral
angles being more or less truncated, or rounding inwards. Second radials
pentagonal, nearly as long as wide, separated by interradial pieces of nearly
their own breadtb, rounded and constricted around the middle, with the central
superior angle prominent, and the sloping margins on each side of it supporting
the arms.

Anal pieces unknown. Arms long, slender, and in two of the anterior rays
known to bifurcate on the tenth piece above the third primary radials, after
which they are seen to be extended to a considerable length, without, showing
distinctly another division, though there is some appearance of such bifurca-
tion in one of the branches, on the twentieth piece. Immediately after the
division of the rays on the third primary radials, the arms are rounded and
composed of wedge-shaped pieces, wider than long, and alternately thicker
and thinner on opposite sides, each one supporting at its larger end a stout

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 157

tentacle. Above the bifurcation on the tenth piece, the divisions are very-
long, slender, somewhat angular on the outer side, and still composed of a
single series of wedge-shaped pieces, each one of which is strongly protuberant
laterally, for the reception of a tentacle at its larger end, — the protuberances
and the sinuosities between giving the divisions of the arms a zigzag appear-
ance, somewhat like those of Platycrinus nodobrachiatus, Hall.*

Surface apparently smooth, or only finely granulose. Suture not impressed
between the plates of the body, but somewhat gaping between the first and
second radials.

Height of body to top of first radials, 0-41 inch ; breadth, 0-60 inch. Length
of arms to first bifurcation, 0-70 inch; entire length nearly 3 inches.

This species seems to be related to several of those described by Prof. Hall
from the same locality and position, but on comparison will be found not to
agree in all its characters with the description of any of them. From his S.
spinobrachiatus it evidently differs in not having the plates of the body convex,
nor the sutures indented at their angles, as well as in not having the arms
subspinous, and the whole body is less broadly cup-shaped.

From S. Whitei, Hall, it differs in not having the " surface of cup marked by
deeply impressed pits " at the junction of the sides of the subradials, and
between the first radial pieces: and from S. Halli, Hall, it differs in not having
the arms simple after the first division on the second primary radial, as well
as in some of the details of their divisions.

Locality and position. — Burlington, Iowa. Burlington Limestone of Snb-
carboniferous series.

POTERIOCEINUS (SCAPHIOCRINUS) BaYENSIS, M. & W.

Body of medium size, rather depressed obconic below the top of the first
radials. Base about twice as wide as high, expanding directly from the head
of the column on a line with the subradial and first radial pieces. Basal pieces
moderately developed, wider than long, pentagonal, and showing the whole
surface of each in a side view. Subradials about three times as large as the
basal, somewhat wider than long, three hexagonal, and two on the anal side
apparently heptagonal, the angle on the middle of the under side of all being
very obtuse. First radial pieces wider and a little shorter than the subra-
dials, all pentagonal, apparently transversely truncated their entire breadth
above. Second radials of nearly the same size as the first, and like them pen-
tagonal, but having the middle angle above and more salient, while the two
superior sloping sides each supports an arm, thus giving origin to two arms to
each ray, or ten to the entire series ; all of which are nearly in contact all
around below, excepting on the anal side.

First anal piece smaller than the subradials, hexagonal in form, and resting
between the upper sloping sides of two of the subradials, with its upper right
edge supporting one side of one of the first radials, and its left connecting
apparently with a second anal piece, the form of which cannot be made out in
our specimen. In the third range, one piece evidently rested upon the upper
truncated edge of the first anal piece, but its form and connection with the
other pieces on the left have not been determined.

Arms long, and, as far as can be determined, apparently simple after the first
division of each ray on the second radial piece ; each composed of a single
series of wedge-shaped pieces, alternately longer and shorter on opposite sides,
but not protuberant on either side ; those near the lower part about as long on
the longer side as their breadth. Tentacles numerous, rather stout, and com-
posed of joints three or four times as long as wide, and not swollen or dilated
at the ends.

Column of moderate thickness near the base, where it is round and com-

*Iowa Report, p. 542.

1865.] 11

158 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

posed of alternately thicker and thinner pieces. Surface apparently smooth
Sutures slightly furrowed excepting those between the first and second radial
pieces, which are distinctly gaping when the arms are folded together.

Height of body to the top of the first radial pieces, 0-25 inch; breadth of do.
0-48 inch. Length of arms above the second radials, 1-90 inches or more;
diameter of column at its connection with the base, 0-13 inch.

This species seems to be closely related to S. decabrachiatus, Hall, (Iowa
Report, p. 679, pi. xxv. fig. 1,) but is larger and more robust, and its second
radial pieces differ materially in form, being nearly or quite twice as wide as
long, while in S. decabrachiatus they are ''nearly once and a half as long as
wide." Its basal pieces are also proportionally about twice as large. Other
differences would doubtless be apparent, if we had the means of comparing all
the corresponding parts of each with those of the other.

Locality and position. — Bay City, Pope Co., Illinois. Chester division of the
Subcarboniferous limestone series.

POTERIOCRINDS (SCAPHIOCRINUS) ? NoRWOODI, M. & W.

Body small, depressed basin-shaped, rounded and concave below, breadth
three times as great as the height to summit of first radial pieces. Basal pieces
very small, deeply impressed within the concavity of the under side, and almost
entirely hidden by the column. Subradial pieces comparatively well developed,
curving under to connect with the concave base ; three pentagonal, (exclusive
of. the scarcely-defined angle at the middle below,) and two on the anal side
hexagonal. First radial pieces short, and about twice as wide as high, pen-
tagonal, with the upper side transversely truncated its entire breadth. Second
radials as wide as the first, and twice as long, pentagonal, and at the middle
above acutely angular. Arms after the first division on the second radial
bifurcating at least once more, on the third or fourth piece, the joints beyond
being slightly longer than wide, and supporting alternately on opposite sides
of the arms strong, long-jointed, rather remotely-separated tentacles. First
anal piece nearly as large as one of the subradials, pentagonal, and resting
between the upper sloping sides of two of the subradials, with its right superior
sloping side supporting the left under side of a first radial, and its left upper
side a third anal piece, while its short left vertical side connects with the
second anal piece. Second anal about the size of the first, and resting upon
the short upper truncated side of one of the subradials, with its left side con-
necting with one of the first radials, and its right with another anal piece.
Above these several other anal pieces are seen to rise so as to form apparently
a narrow, rounded, lateral proboscis, on a range with the arms, which it ap-
pears to scarcely exceed in thickness. Summit and column unknown.

Surface nearly or quite smooth, excepting an angular ridge or carina, which
extends up each second radial its entire length. Sutures distinct and indented
a little at the connections of the corners of the first radials and the subradial
pieces ; that between the first and second anal pieces gaping.

Height to summit of first radial pieces, 005 inch; breadth, 0-15 inch.

This little species presents rather a combination of characters belo"ging to
several groups. In the number and arrangement of its anal pieces forming
a part of the walls, as well as in the general structure of its body, it agrees
with Poteriocrinus, and its depressed form and round deeply-concave underside
are characters belonging to the group Zeacrinus, while the form of its arms,
and the distinctly gaping character of the sutures between its first and second
radial pieces, suggest relations to Scaphiocrinus. Its apparently distinctly
lateral, slender, rounded proboscis, however, would remove it entirely from
the genus Poteriocrinus to Cyathocrinus. Indeed if we could be sure the
latter character is real, and not produced by the accidental folding together
into a cylindrical form of merely a part of the external wall of the large trunk
bo characteristic of the genus Poteriocrinus, we would not hesitate to call

[Auj

»g-

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 159

it Cyathocrinus Norwoodi, since the absence of the large trunk-like summit,
and the presence of a slender lateral proboscis, are characters probably of more
importance, than the presence of a few more anal pieces and the differences in
the form of the body.

Named in honor of Prof. J. G. Norwood, of the University of Missouri.

LocaUty and position. — Hancock Co., Illinois. St. Louis division of the Sub-
carboniferous series.

POTERIOCRINDS (ScAPHIOCRINDS) SUBTUMIDUS, M. & W.

Body basin-shaped below the summit of the first radial pieces, three times as
wide as high, composed of thick tumid plates. Basal plates very small, deeply
impressed, and hidden by the column. Subradials comparatively large, very
convex, and extending out nearly horizontally, but curving upward at their
outer extremities; about as long as wide, three of them subhexagonal, and two
subheptagonal, the angle at the basal or inner side being nearly obsolete. First
radials convex, about twice as large as the subradials, half as high as wide,
regularly pentagonal, and all nearly evenly truncated above, their emire breadth.
Anal plates like the others, tumid; first one one half to one-third as large as
the subradials, irregularly pentagonal, and resting obliquely beneath one side
of a first radial, between the upper sloping sides of two subradials, while its
left and upper side connect with the other anals. Second anal piece .resting
upon the truncated upper side ot one of the subradials, and connecting on the
left with a first radial, above which it projects nearly half its length. Third
anal piece hexagonal, supported upon a shoit truncated upper side of the first
anal, and connecting on the left with the second, and on the right with a first
radial, above which it projects a little.

Second radials and parts above unknown. Surface smooth ; sutures strongly
defined, in consequence of the tumid character of the body plates.

Height of body to summit of first radial pieces, 0-27 iuch ; breadth of do.
O-TS inch; breadth of base, 0-13 inch.

Until specimens of this species can be examined, showing the struc'ure of the
parts yet unknown, it will be difficult to determine whether its name should
not be more properly Zeacrinus subtumidus, or whether it may not belong to
another group, of which Graphiocrinus li-brachialis, of Lyon, is the type*

This latter form differs widely, not only from Poteriocrinus proper, but from
Scaphiocrinus, Zeacrinus, and also from Graphiocrinus, in having its arms com-
posed each of a double series of interlocking pieces, as well as in its unusually
massive tumid plates and general physiognomy. In some families of the Cri-
noidea, such for instance as the Platycrinus group, a difference like this in the
structure of the arms may be of less importance, but in that including Poterio-
crinus and the allied genera, we believe it to be of more significance, if not
indeed of generic value, especially when accompanied by the other differences
of habit presented in this instance. Hence we would propose fur this group
the name Eupachycrinus, with Eupachycrinus 14- brachialis = {Graphiocrinus 14-
brachialis, Lyon) as the type. It will also doubtless include E. pentalobus =
(Cyathocrinus? pentalobus, Hall,) and possibly also Scaphiocrinus orbicularis, Hall.

Should our species here under consideration prove to have its arms con-
structed of a double series of pieces, we should unhesitatingly call it Eupachy-
crinus subtumidus, since in the massive tumid character of its body pieces, small
sunken base, and general form and appearance, it agrees, so far as its parts are
known, essentially with the type of that group. Specifically, however, it will
be readily distinguished by its subradial pieces being proportionally smaller
and so much less protuberant as to give a different outline to the under side
of the body, as seen in a side view. It also differs entirely in the form and
arrangement of its anal pieces.

Locality and position. — Bay City, Pope Co., Illinois. Chester division of the
Subcarboniferous series.

* See Kentucky Geological Eeport, vol. iii. p. 477, pi. i. figs. 2 and 2a.

1865.]

1<30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Genus CYATHOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

Cyathocrintjs arboreus, M. & W.

Body rather under medium size, conoidal-semiovate below the top of the
first radial pieces, about as wide as high. Basal pieces well developed, form-
ing a low basin-shaped cup; all pentagonal, and about as long as wide, the
greater breadth being slightly above the middle. Subradial pieces three or
four times as large as the basal, about as long as wide, usually arcuate, or
a little concave on the outside along the lateral margins — four hexagonal and
one heptagonal. First radial pieces of near the same size as the subradials,
ar.d presenting a more or less nearly pentagonal outline ; facet for the recep-
tion of the second radials nearly equalling one-third the breadth of the first
radial pieces, slightly protuberant, and sloping outwards. Succeeding radials
small, rounded on the outside, and varying from two to five in the different
rays; there being but two in one of the posterior rays and five in the other,
while the anterior ray has four, one of the antero-lateral three, and the other
four, — all excepting the last or axillary piece being quadrangular.

After the first division into two arms on the fourth primary radial piece, (at
least in one of the antero-lateral rays,) another division immediately takes
pla "e on the first piece of each principal branch, and of the four branchlets
thus foumed, the inner two ascend directly upwards, and each bifurcates again
on the second piece, and the subdivisions each again on the third piece; while
the two main lateral branchlets spread out on either side, each giving off above
two or more subordinate branchlets, the first of which is seen to bifurcate at
least once. The whole of the divisions and subdivisions being thus spread out
to as to resemble the trained limbs of a tree spread upon a wall. The divisions
of the other rays cannot be traced out in the specimen examined, in the same
detail, but some e>f them appear to divide much in the same way, and others
somewhat differently.

All the arms and their divisions aie rounded, and the smaller divisions com-
posed of joints that are longer than wide, while no tentacles have been observed
connected with any of them.

The first anal piece is quadrangular, a little longer than one of the basal
pieces, and rests directly upon the superior truncated side of one of the sub-
radials, while it connects on each side with one of the large first radial pieces,
above which it does not project. Other anal pieces unknown.

The sutures are slightly impressed, and the surface nearly smooth, or only
obscurely granulose. The column and summit are unknown.

Height to summit of first jadial pieces, 0-66 inch, on the anal side, and 0*55
inch on the other; breadth at top of first radial pieces, 0-53 inch ; breadth of
second and succeeding primary radial pieces, 015 inch.

Locality and position. — Crawfordstille, Indiana. Keokuk division of Sub-
carboniferous series.

Genus PLATYCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

As first proposed by Miller, this genus was badly defined, and it is manifest
that its author himself, had no very clear ideas of its limits, since he also in-
cluded in it species of Pentremites, Say, Dichocrmus, Munster, and of his own
genus Actinocrinus. Later writers, however, have restricted it within far more
natural limits, and, as now generally understood, Miller's first species, P. Icevis,
seems to be regarded as the typical form of the genus. In this and the closely
allied species, the body is more or less hemispherical below the arms, while
the dome terminates above in a long, generally slender, central or subcentral
proboscis, closed at the summit, but apparently pierced by a small aperture on
one side near the upper extremity. In these typical forms the arms bifurcate
once or oftener near the body, beyond which they are simple, and composed
at first, of a single series of wedge-shape pieces, passing more or less gradually

fAug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 161

into a double series of small interlocking pieces supporting numerous tenta-
cles. Other species, however, generally included in the genus, have no pro-
boscis, but a simple aperture in the summit, located either laterally, or nearly
centrally ; while some of these have the arms composed of a double series of
interlocking pieces, and others of a single series of wedge-shaped pieces,*
neither of these peculiarities in the structure of the arms being always especial-
ly coincident with apparently any one of the other characters mentioned.

As defined by Koninck and Le Honf , in accordance with their improved
nomenclature of the parts, the structural formula of this group is as follows : —

Basal pieces, 3 ; forming a wide cup.

Radials, 2 ; one large aud one small. X 5. J

Anals, 1 large, or 3 small.

Interradials, 1, X 4.

Arms, 10, 20, 25, 30 or 35, according to the species.

From the foregoing remarks, it will be seen, that the group including species
agreeing with the above formula, may be divided, as (in part) suggested by
the Messrs. Austin, $ into the following four sections : —

1. Platgcrinus, (typical). — With the summit terminating in a more or less
elongated, central, or subcentral proboscis, bearing the opening on one side
near the upper extremity.

Type. P. Ixvis, Miller. Also includes P. spinosus, and P. 30-dactylug, Austin ;
P. Miillerianus, Koninck; and P. granulatus, Miller.

2. Centrocrinus, Austin. — Opening of summit nearly or quite central, but
not elevated upon a proboscis.

Type. P. \_Centroer.~\ gigas, Gilbertson.

3. Cupellseocrinus, Troost. — Differs from the last only in having its second
radial pieces merely rudimentary, or so small as to allow the first brachials to
rest partly upon the first radials.

Type. P. Tennesseensis , Roemer.

4. Pleurocrinus, Austin. — Diifers from Centrocrinus only in having the open-
ing of the summit lateral, and nearly or quits on a line with the arm bases

Examples. — P. [Pleurocr.~\ mucronatus, Austin;' P. \_Pleurocr .] tuberculatus,
Miller; P. [Pleurocr.~\ tub eros us, and P. [Pleurocr.~\ subspi?iosus,H>i\l; P. [Plev-
rocrA asper, Meek & Worthen, &c, &c.

In regard to the value and importance of the characters distinguishing these
sections, Palaeontologists will probably always differ. Hitherto these differ-
ences have scarcely been noticed, even by the most respectable authorities,
excepting as one of the means of distinguishing species. From all analogy,
however, it seems reasonable to suppose that they were accompanied by cor-
responding modifications in the structure of the softer parts of the animal. It
will also be observed, that they correspond, in part, almost exactly to the charac-
ters distinguishing sections of the allied Aclinocrinus group. For instance the
species embraced in the section Pleurocrinus, differ from the typical forms of
Platgcrinus, almost precisely as Agaricocrinus and Amphoracrinus do from the

*P. nodobrachialus, Hall, is an American example with the arms composed of a single series of
pieces. We allude here to a species described under that name by Prof. Hall, in the Iowa Report,
p. 542, 1S58, aud not to another form described by him under the same name, in his " Descriptions
of New Species of Crinoidea, Ac." Albany, Feb. 25, 1851, p. 17. The inconvenience and confusion
liable to result from the use of the same specific name for two forms of the same genus, makes
it necessary that another name should be applied to one of these species ; hence we would propose
to call that described at the latter date, P. perasper.

fRecherches Sur les Criuoides du Terrain Carbonifere de Le Belgique, p. 155, 1854.

Jit is worthy tf note that although Koninck and Le Hon give two radials (one large and one
small) as the number, that their figure 1 a, pi. vi. of P. Ixvis, Miller, shows clearly 3 radials,
one large and two small. As others figure and describe it as having only two. this may be only
an accidental variety. It will be seen, however, that our P. parvulus, described on another page
of this paper, has 3 radials, one large and two small. Still two seems to be the normal number
in this genus.

J Monograph of Recent and Fossil Crinoidea, p. 6.

1865.]

162

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

typical species of Actinocrinus. Hence, if we admit these latter groups, either
as genera or subgenera, consistency at least, if not indeed a philosophical system
of classification, would require that equal prominence should be given to these
corresponding sections of the Platycrinus group. Whatever theoretical views
may be entertained on this subject, however, the practical difficulty of ascer-
taining the nature of the summit, and the position of the aperture in palaeozoic
crinoids, will prevent the general distribution of the species into groups, upon
characters of this kind, unless a more profound study of great collections of
the remains of these animals, may yet bring to light some coincident, but
more easily observed characters, in the structure of the body, or other parts.

Platycrinus Niotensis, M. and W.

Body below the summit of the first radial pieces cup-sbaped, wider than
high ; sides slightly ventricose above the base. Base basin-shaped, several
times as wide as high, moderately expanding, rather broadly truncated below,
its lower margins projecting slightly downwards around the end of the column,
and provided with three very small projections, one at the lower extremity of
each of i's sutures. First radial plates large, higher than wide, widening
slightly from below upwards, subquadrangular or with the superior lateral
angles a- \ittle truncated by the interradial pieces ; each with a concave facet
for the reception of the second radials, equalling about half its breadth above,
and excavated near one-fourth its length on the outer side, below the upper
margin. Second radial pieces trigonal, very small, or scarcely filling the facet
or excavation in the upper side of the first radials ; rounded below, with each
superior sloping side supporting secondary radials, on the second of which
another bifurcation takes place, making four arms to each ray.

Arms after the second division described above, simple, and at first composed
each of a single series of wedge-shaped plates, but soon passing into a double
series of small interlocking pieces, supporting on each side of the arms closely
arranged series of long-jointed tentacles.

Column near the base compressed and tortuous, being composed of alter-
nately thicker and thinner elliptic pieces, with a very minute central per-
foration.

Surface somewhat granulose ; sutures not grooved, nor distinctly apparent ;
those between the basal pieces indicated by a faint linear ridge.

Height to summit of first radials, 0-30 inch ; breadth about 0-40 inch.
Grea'er diameter of column at base of body, 012 inch ; smaller do. 0-09.
Breadth of one of the arms, 006 inch; length of do. apparently an inch or
more.

In its general appearance, this species is not unlike P. sarce of Hall, (Iowa
Report, p. 673, pi. 18, fig. 4), though it is much smaller, has a proportionally
much shorter base, and also differs in having but four, instead of six arms to
each ray.

Locality and position. — Niota, Hancock County, Illinois. Keokuk division
of Subcarboniferous Limestone.

Platycrinus hemisph^ricus, M. and W.

Body rather above medium size, hemispherical, being rounded below, and
about twice as wide as high ; base broad basin-shaped, and forming about
one third the entire height of the cup, with a pentagonal outline as seen from
below; columnar facet between one-third, and one-fourth the diameter of the
base, and subelliptical in outline. First radial pieces larger than the basal,
wider than high, nearly quadrangular, and widening moderately from below
upwards; facet for the reception of the second radial one third as wide as the
summit, and extending down about one fourth the length of the plates, — con-
cave and sloping outwards, with a deep notch within. Second radial pieces
very small, but filling the cavity in each of the first radials, from which they

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 163

extend out nearly horizontally — pentagonal in outline, and each supporting on
its superior lateral sloping margins the first divisions of the arms, which are
comparatively small and bifurcate again on the second piece ; beyond this the
two outer divisions remain simple, but the two inner divide again on the second
piece, making six arms to each ray, or thirty to the entire series. Arms after
the last divisions long, slender, cylindrical, and composed at first of a simple
series of quadrangular pieces, but passing gradually upwards into interlocking
triangular pieces, and still farther up forming a double series of small alterna-
ting cuneiform pieces, supporting closely arranged, long-jointed tentacles.
Anal, interradial, and vault pieces unknown. Sutures, excepting between the
basal pieces, distinctly, but not widely or deeply channeled.

Surface ornamented with rather small, but well denned, prominent nodes.
On the base, tnese nodes are arranged in ten rows, five of which radiate
from the columnar facet, one to each of the corners ; while those between each
of these form intermediate radiating rows, consisting at first of a single range,
but becoming a double or triple range near the margin, when the three some-
times coalesce laterally. On the first radial pieces two rows pass from just
beneath the facet for the reception of the second radials, to each of the inferior
lateral angles, while between these there is, at first, a single node, but farther
down two or three rows, consisting of nodes which show a disposition to
elongate, or coalesce laterally, so as to form little transverse ridges. Above,
there is also a row extending horizontally to each superior lateral angle, with
a few less regularly arranged nodes on the sides below these. A single trans-
versely elongated node sometimes also occurs on the little radials, and one
less distinctly defined also sometimes on each of the pieces between this and
the next bifurcation.

Breadth of body at summit of first radial pieces, 1-07 inches ; height of do.
0-60 inch ; breadth of base 067 inch; breadth of second radial pieces at the
summit, 0-54 inch ; do. of second radials, 0-19 inch.

From the description, it will be seen this species is rather closely related
to P. granulatus of IMiller, which it nearly resembles in form and general ap-
pearance. It is a larger and more robust species, however, and differs, not
only in the arrangement of the pustules on the base into distinct radiating
rows, but according to Austin's figures and description (Monogr., Recent and
fossil Crinoidea, p. 33, pi. 3, f. 2,) in having but six instead of seven arms to
each ray, as well as in having the arms above the middle composed of a double
series of small wedge-shaped pieces, instead of consisting of a single series
throughout. From its analogy to P. granulatus, of Miller, it will probably be
found to possess, like that species, a long subcentral proboscis.

Locality and position. — Crawfordsville, Indiana. Keokuk division of Sub-
carboniferous Series.

Platycrinus parvulus, M. and W.

Body very small, short subcylindrical, or deeply cup-shaped. Base depressed
basin-shaped, or several times as wide as high, columnar facet about one third
as wide as the base, with a small marginal rim. First radial plates nearly ob-
long, being longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides ; some of them with
two obscure linear ridges extending from the middle of the upper side, and
slightly diverging to the base ; each moderately concave above for the recep-
tion of the next range of pieces. Second radial pieces very minute, about
twice as wide as long, but not equalling the breadth of the slight concavity in
the upper side of the first radials. Third radial pieces, slightly wider than the
second, and about of the same length, pentagonal, and each supporting an arm
on each superior sloping side. Arms each dividing on the second piece be-
yond which they are simple, at least for four or five pieces above, and com-
posed of a single series of quadrangular pieces, about as long as wide, ex-
cepting the first, which is near twice as long as wide. Tentacles apparently

1865.]

164 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

comparatively stout. Column near the base nearly or quite round, and com-
posed of very thin pieces. Surface smooth.

Length of body to summit of first radial pieces 0-12 inch ; breadth of do.
0-12 inch. Length of arm about 0-30 inch; thickness of column, 0-02 inch.

This very small species, differs remarkably from all the others with which
we are acquainted, resembling it in other respects, not only in its small size,
but in having two minute radial pieces in each ray, above the larger first radial
piece, making three radials to each ray.

Locality and position. — Pope County, Illinois. Chester division of Subcarbo-
niferous Series.

Genus ACTINOCRINUS, Miller, 1821.

Subgenus ALLOPROSALLOCRINUS, Lyon & Casseday, 1860.

Actinocrinos (Alloprosallocrinus) euconds, M. & W.

Body having the form of the subgenus remarkably well developed, being
perfectly flat or slightly concave below the arm bases, and regularly conical
above, where it terminates in a rather slender central proboscis. Base very
small, with a round, deep, conical depression for the reception of the column,
occupying almost its entire area, and surrounded by a narrow, slightly pro-
jecting ring-like margin. Radial, interradial, anal and first brachial pieces,
all extending out horizontally from the base. First radial pieces hexagonal
and about twice as wide as long. Second radials transversely oblong, and
rather, smaller than the first. Third radials a little larger than the second,
pentagonal or hexagonal in form, and each supporting on its superior (more
properly outer) sloping sides two slightly larger secondary radials, each of
which is succeeded by another, and the latter each by two brachial pieces,
making four arms to each of two rays seen, or twenty to the entire series, if
the others have the same number. First interradial pieces larger than any of
the radials, heptagonal or octagonal, and supporting two smaller pieces in the
next range, beyond which are two others, making altogether five pieces in the
only interradial area we have been able to make out clearly. Anal pieces un-
known.

Vault regularly conical, with slightly eonvex slopes, and armed around the
middle with two or three rows of irregularly disposed, short, conical spines,
or spine-like tubercles. Proboscis slender and apparently not inclined to
either side.

Surface smooth, or indistinctly granulose ; sutures very close fitting and
difficult to see. Arm bases forming an almost continuous series (being but
very slightly interrupted at the anal and interradial spaces) around the base
of the abruptly truncated conical body. Column unknown.

Height to base of proboscis, about 0.70 inch ; breadth, 1.13 inches.

This species is remarkable for its conical form, being almost perfectly flat, or
a little concave below the horizon of the arm bases, and rising with slightly
convex slopes above, to the base of the proboscis. Hence the whole of the
cavity occupied by the viscera of the animal corresponds to the dome only of
species of the usual form of Actinocrinus. For the group to which it belongs.
Messrs. Lyon & Casseday proposed the name Alloprosallocrinus in 1860, and
Dr. Troost had proposed for it the name Conocrinus, in a list published without
a description in 1850.

Since the above was in type, a more careful comparison with Lyon & Casse-
day's description of their A. conicus leads us to suspect that our crinoid may
be identical with their species. Still we do not feel satisfied that this is the
case, particularly as they describe the columnar facet as involving the basal
and part of the surrounding range of pieces ; while it is very small in our
crinoid, not even covering the small basal pieces. In addition to this, our
specimens seem to show the bases of a more numerous series of arms.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 165

Locality and position. — Six miles southeast of Anna, Union Co., Illinois ; from
the St. Louis division of th*e Subcarboniferous series. Collected by Mr. Henry
Engelmann.

PENTREMITES (GRANATOCRINUS?) granulosus, M. & W.

Body small, subglobosus, base deeply concave, particularly in the middle,
and not visible in a side view. Radial plates a little longer than wide, about
two-thirds as long as the entire body, and tapering from above to the base,
each divided by the narrow pseudo-ambulacral areas, down almost to the very
base ; lateral margins moderately promiuent. Interradial pieces subtrigonal,
or with a fourth obscure angle in the middle below; longer than wide, and
each narrowing from below to the summit, where they are perforated by two
minute openings. Anal piece of the same size and form as the interradial,
with its opening circular, and comparatively large, its outer margin being pro-
tected by a small, rather pointed node. Pseudo-ambulacral areas narrow, or
sublinear, rather impressed, and each with a distinct longitudinal, linear,
mesial furrow ; pore pieces from twenty-five to thirty. Surface marked by
comparatively distinct granules, most strongly defined on the interradial and
anal pieces, where they sometimes show a tendency to arrange themselves in
transverse lines parallel to the lower margin.

Height of body, 0-22 inch; breadth of do. 0-23 inch. Breadth of pseudo-
ambulacral areas, 0-05 inch.

Not having at hand a specimen or figure of the type of Troost's Granatocrinus,
we are not quite sure this form belongs to that group, though we have no
doubt in regard to the propriety of separating such species from the typical
forms of Pentremites. Our species has somewhat the general form and appear-
ance of P. Roemeri of Shumard, (Missouri Report, pi. b, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d,),
but differs too widely to render a detailed comparison necessary.

Locality and position. — Keokuk division of Subcarboniferous series, near War-
saw. Illinois.

POLYZOA.

Genus EVACTINOPORA, M. & W.

EVACTINOPORA RADIATA, M. & W.

The interesting fossil upon which we propose to found this genus and
species is entirely silicified, and, as seen from below, presents the form of a
regular eight-rayed star, the rays being slender, and nearly equalling in length
the diameter of the nucleus. In a side view, however, it is seen to be regu-
larly rounded in outline below, while the slender rays are observed to be pro-
duced upwards in the form of thin vertical laminae, which converge to the
centre over the nucleus. The specimen is not in a condition to show whether
or not there is a central axis extending all the way up, but there probably is.
The rays are thickest below, and taper gradually upwards on their outer margins,
which are beveled or carinated all the way down to where they meet at the
middle of the under side. Within, they each pass abruptly into a thin lamina,
which is poriferous on both sides, and extends to the middle over the nucleus.

The pores are circular, with a slightly prominent margin, and regularly dis-
posed nearly in quincunx, at intervals about equalling their own diameter, or
sometimes less. They only exist in the thin portion of each ray, while the
thicker outer and inferior portions seem to be nearly or quite solid.

We are not able to determine satisfactorily whether this was a free or an
attached Bryozoon; but if attached, the stem or point of attachment was pro-
bably very small.

Greatest transverse diameter to the extremity of the rays, 0-90 inch ; do. of
nucleus between the rays, 0-35 inch ; thickness of the outer margin of each ray
near the nucleus, 0-10 inch ; diameter of pores about 0-02 inch.

1865.]

166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Locality and position. — The only specimen of this fossil we have seen is in a
granular mass of decomposing chert, containing some fragments of small cri-
noid columns. It was obtained from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Missouri,
but the exact locality and position we have been unable to ascertain.

Note on the genus GILBERTSOCRINUS, Phillips.

BY F. B. MEEK.

Genus GILBERTSOCRINUS, Phillips, 1836.
Gilbertsocrinus, Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, part ii., p. 207, 1836.
Goniasteroidocrinus, Lyon and Casseday, Am. Jour. Sci. xxviii. p. 233, 1859.
Trematocrinus, Hall, Sup. Iowa Report, p. 10, 1860.
Phillips' diagnosis of this genus reads as follows :

" Basal joints five, forming a pentagon ; suprabasal [subradials] five, hexa-
gonal, forming a decagon with five re-entering angles, from which proceed
five heptagonal first costals [first radials] and five hexagonal second costals,
[second radials], bearing a pentagonal scapula [third radial] supporting joints
[secondary radials] which combine into rounded arms perforated in the centre.
First in.tercostals [first interradials] pentagonal. The following species have
been usually referred to Rhodocrinus, Miller, from which, it appears to me, they
differ entirely." (Phillips.)

He mentions but the following three species, viz., G. calcaratus, G. mammil-
laris and G. bursa, all from the subcarboniferous. His specific descriptions are
very brief and unsatisfactory, but his figures are tolerably good, and give a
, sufficiently intelligible idea of the generic characters of the group. From these
.figures, and his description, it is therefore evident that the formula, in accord-
ance with the later improved nomenclature, may be stated as follows:

Generic formula of Gilbertsocrinus.

Basal pieces 5.

Subradials 5.

Radials 3x5.

Secondary or supraradials 3 or 4x10.

Anal and interradial pieces 12 to 15x5.

Pseudo-brachial appendages (arms of some authors) 5, located over the rays.

Arm-openings (ambulacral,) 10, located directly under the pseudo-brachial
appendages.

On comparing this formula with the following, given by Messrs. Lyon and
Casseday, of Goniasteroidocrinus, cited above, the close relations of these crinoids
will be, apparent.

Generic formula of Goniasteroidocrinus.

Basal pieces 1x5, pentagonal, perforation not visible.

Subradial pieces 5, hexagonal, nearly equal in size.

Primary radial pieces 3x5, first spiniferous.

Secondary radials 3X 10, hexagonal.

Interradial fields [including the anal area] 5x13 to 14, [pieces each].

Interbrachial fields 5x1 to 9, [pieces each].

It may be proper to explain that the term pseudo-brachial appendages
is used in the formula of Gilbertsocrinus, for the parts regarded by Phillips and
by Messrs. Lyon and Casseday as arms, and that arm-openings, not alluded
to by Phillips in his description, though clearly shown in his figur. s, are men-
tioned. These openings were not observed by Lyon and Casseday, because
they were hidden in their specimens by the attachment of the small pendulous
true arms, or, in the absence of the latter, by portions of the matrix, as is
known to the writer from the examination of specimens of their typical species
loaned by Mr. Lyon.

/ [Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 167

It will therefore be seen that, excepting, in mere specific details, these formu-
las, as far as they go, agree exactly. There is, however, a character which,
although not apparent in Messrs. Lyon and Casseday's formula, was neverthe-
less mentioned in their description, in which the types of these groups differ,
that is, in the position of the pseudo-brachial appendages (arms of Phillips
and of L. and C.) with relation to the other parts. In Gilbertsocrinus these
appendages are placed directly over the arm-openings and above the inter-
brachial spaces, while in Goniasteroidocrinus they stand over the interradial spaces.

There may be various opinions in regard to the value of such a difference, but
to the writer it seems of not more than subgeneric importance. If these appen-
dages were true arms, or like the arms in other crinoids, designed to support
the reproductive organs, (" conceptacula,") little doubt could be entertained
in regard to the full generic value of such a difference in their position. The
fact, however, that although provided with a central cavity through their entire
length, theyr have nowhere any external openings, being as it were hermetically
sealed, is conclusive evidence that they could have performed no such function.
Hence it is probable they should be viewed rather as being in some respects
analogous to the lateral branches, or verticils, so often given off from the
columns of Platycrinus and other crinoids. This opinion seems to derive sup-
port from the fact that, in some of the typical forms of Gilbertsocrinus, as well
as in American species of Goniasteroidocriniis, these appendages, at their origin,
consist of a double series of pieces, pierced each through the centre by the only
cavity they posses, exactly like the joints of a column, or those of its lateral
branches, for which latter they might readily be mistaken, if found detached.

From all the facts it seems probable, therefore, that the only relations these
false arms bore to the reproductive system, was that of strong rigid guards
thrown off from the margins of the dome, for the protection of the slender, true
ova-bearing arms hanging beneath them. Hence, although their existence or
absence may be a good generic distinction, ihe'ir position over the interradial, or
interbrachial spaces, can scarcely be regarded as such.

It will probably be remembered that, in a paper read before the Academy by
Prof. Worthen and the writer, in September, 1860, and published in the Pro-
ceedings for that month, (p. 383), we suggested that a genus proposed by Prof.
Hall at about the same time, under the name Trematocrinus, was apparently
very closely related to Goniasteroidocrinus, Lyon and Casseday, 1859, and that
we should not be surprised if it would prove to be the same. Having recently
had an opportunity, through the politeness of Mr. Lyon, to examine good spe-
cimens of the typical species of the latter, the writer is completely satisfied that
there is not the slightest generic or even subgeneric difference between the
types for which these two names were proposed,* and as Lyon and Casseday's
name has priority, it will have to be retained for the group, whether we regard
it as a genus or a subgenus. It is true the later name is shorter and more
euphonious, but we have no right for that reason to make it an exception to
the generally accepted law of priority. It is surely not greatly more objec-
tionable than Macrostyloerin.ua, Hall, still retained by its author instead of the
later name Cytocrinus, Roemer.

The following are the American species of this group, viz. : Gilbertsocrinus
(Goniasteroidocrinus) tuberosus, Lyon and Casseday; Gilbertsocrinus (Goniast.)
fiscellus, = Trematocrinus fiscellus, Meek and Worthen ; Gilbertsocrinus {Goniast.)
typus, G. (Goniast.) tuberculatus, G. (Goniast.) papillatus, G. (Goniast.) robustus,
and G. (Goiiiast.) spinigerus, = Trematocrinus typus, T. tuberculatus, T. papilla-
tus, T. robustus and T. spinigerus, Hall.

* As already stated, it was ascertained from the examination of Mr. Lyon's typical species, that it
possesses the same ambulacral openings as the species upon -which Trematocrinus was founded ;
and that the slender pendulous "plumose cilia' of Lyon and Casseday (here regarded as true
arms) are connected with these openings, as the arms of other palaeozoic crinoids connect with the
arm openings, excepting that they hang down, iustead of ascending. •

1865.]

168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Note on a Species of WHALE occurring on the coasts of the United States.

BY E. D. COPE.

As a contribution to the history of the cetaceans of the Atlantic, I desire
to give a brief account of the osteological characters of a species of whale-
bone whale, the Black Whale of the whalers of our coast.

Individuals are frequently cast ashore Eastward, and some are known to
enter New York harbor. They were formerly abundant about the mouth of
the Delaware : a letter of Wm. Penn's, dated 1683, states that eleven were
taken that year about the capes. Five specimens are stated to have been
seen in the Delaware river since that time, and two of great size are recorded
to have been found on the coast of Maryland.* Three have come under my
notice, one taken opposite this city three years ago, one cast ashore in Reho-
both Bay, Del., and one in Mobjack Bay, Va.

The first of these, a half grown individual, was taken and exhibited for
some time, and its nearly complete skeleton, presented by George Davidson,
occupies a prominent place in the Academy's museum, and has afforded the
best means of determining the affinities of the species. From an examination
it is' evident that it is a species of the genus Eubalaena, Gray, therefore widely
different from the right whale, Balaena mysticetus, and congeneric with
the B. australis and antipodarum of the Southern seas. While dif-
fering in many points from the first, it is strongly separated from the last two,
and has no doubt remained without proper notice up to thepresent time.

The total length of the specimen, in which all the epiphyses are as yet un-
united, is thirty-one and a half feet ; which the presence of the intervertebral
cartilages would extend to thirty-seven ; of this the head, measured axially, is
eight feet five inches, or a little less than one-fourth. This proportion is
similar to that of the australis. The vertebrae are fifty-six, of which the
seven cervicals are all united, the posterior three in the lower part of their
centra only ; above, they form a solid crest, the atlas and the last attached
by the superior part of their neural arches only. The fourth, fifth and sixth
cervical diapophyses are distinctly united .on one side, while the remainder
are separate ; on the other side the seventh is united with the three posterior,
and the three anterior are united. The first, second and third only have
inferior transverse processes. The thirty-first vertebra from the cervicals, or
sixteenth from the last rib is the first that encloses the vertical foramen with
the diapophysis, and the neural spine is strong on the thirty-seventh. Of the
ribs, which appear to have been all preserved, there are fourteen pairs ; the an-
terior are single headed. Of the dorsal vertebrae the first four have slender
elongate diapophyses ; the anterior zygapophysis is first definitely separated
on the tenth. The scapula is 29 inches broad by 23 high.

The outline of the top of the muzzle is much arched ; the frontal orbital
processes are subtransverse and rather broad. The supraoccipital is more
produced anteriorly than represented by Cuvier in the a u s t r a 1 i s.f Nasals
heavy, nine inches and a half long by three, or distally four inches broad,
much as represented for the B. mysticetus. J with the posterior outline
oblique inward, attached by a plicate suture. They are much narrower than
in the Leyden Eubalaena, which is evidently not the true australis, whose
skeleton I have studied in the Jardin des Plantes.

In the periotic bones there is much peculiarity discoverable. The specific
characters are confirmed by the same portion of a much larger individual
from Newport, R. I. The meatus is narrow, occupying nearly the whole
length of the bulla, but is nearly closed by the curved marginal anterior pro-
cess. Its form from below is that of a rounded trapezium, with a deep ante-

* Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, ii. 428.
t Ossemens Fossiles, pi. 226. J Flower P. Z. S. London, 1864, 390.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 169

rior groove. Anteriorly it is much more obliquely transverse than figured
by Cuvier : the posterior process of the periotic is only half as long as the
anterior, and the latter is cylindrical acuminate not spatuliform at the extre-
mity. From above, these processes are nearly parallel, while they are very
widely divergent, and equal in the auatralis ; the interior outline instead
of being truncate, has a massive acumination. On the posterior view the
anterior process is nearly concealed.

The humerus is short and furnished with a large bicipital process, marking
one-third of its length.

The points in which this species differs from the austral is, as yet im-
perfectly made known, are the more acuminate parietals, the presence of four
more vertebrae, where the last neural spine stands on the thirty-seventh in-
stead of the thirty-fourth ; and one more pair of ribs ; the considerably greater
breadth of the scapula, and strongly peculiar periotic bones.

This species may readily occur on the European coasts, and is no doubt
allied to, or the same as, the species pursued by the Biscay whalers, which
Eschricht* says is related to the australis. This does not appear to have
been described, though catalogued without reference by Gray and Flower,
under the name of biscayensis. The former saysf its head is two-fifths the
length, by what authority does not appear, as he states that he has not seen
specimens. The characters which separate the genus Eubalaena of this au-
thor, from Balaena, appear to be very slight.

Harlan, in Fauna Americana, includes a species Balaena glacialis Klein, or
Nord-Caper of some old authors. There is no real description of this ani-
mal extant, and Scoresby and Cuvier regard it, with good reason, as imaginary.

The species above described maybe called Balaena cisarctica; its
skeleton will be more fully illustrated in a future publication.

On some Conirostral BIRDS from Costa Rica in the Collection of the Smith-
sonian Institution.

BY JOHN CASSIN.

1. Sporophila corvina, (Sclater.)

Spermophila corvina, Sclat., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 379.
One specimen only, which is in adult plumage, and presents all the charac-
ters of this species given by Mr. Sclater, as above. San Jose, Mr. J. Carmiol.

2. Phonipara pusilla, (Swainson.)

Tiaris pusilla, Swains., Philos. Mag., 1827, p. 438.
San Jose, Mr. J. Carmiol.

3. Pyrgisoma Kieneri, Bonaparte.

Pyrgisoma Kieneri, Bonap., Consp. At. i. p. 486, (1850.)
One specimen only, which is in adult plumage, and is the first that I have
ever seen. This species is clearly distinct from P. biarcuatum, though strictly
of the same genus, being smaller, and having a strong character in the wide
transverse band on the breast. It is sufficiently described by the Prince Bona-
parte, as above. Dr. Cabanis' note on this species and P. biarcuatum in Journ.
Orn., 1860, p. 412, is to me difficult to understand, especially as he seems never
to have seen the latter bird nor the description of it in Voy. Venus, Zoologie,
vol. v. p. 216, (Paris, 1855.) The two species are quite distinct. Mr. J.
Carmiol.

4. Melozone ledcotis, Cabanis.

Melozone leucotis, Cab., Jour. Orn. 1860, p. 413.
Specimens in adult plumage. This species is not, in my opinion, of the
same genus as the preceding and P. biarcuatum. Angostura, Costa Rica
March 2, 1864. Mr. Carmiol.

*Comptf s Rendus, 1860, p. 924. * Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. 1860, d 348

1865.] P

170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

5. Pitylus grossus, (Linnseus.)

Loxia grossa, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. p. 307, (1766.)
One specimen in young plumage. Paqua, Mr. J. Carmiol.

6. Embernagra striaticeps, Lafresnaye.

Embernagra striaticeps, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 154.
Clearly this species, and quite similar to specimens in the Academy Museum
bearing the valuable labels of M. Jules Verreaux. Specimens of Arremon coni-
rostris, Bonap., are also in the Academy Museum, from the same excellent
naturalist, and labelled with his usual great care and accuracy. The dis-
tinctions between these two species are indicated correctly by Messrs. Sclater
and Salvin in Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 352, but unfortunately with
their usual great economy of words! Angostura, June 8, 1864. Mr. Carmiol. ,

7. Arremon rufidorsams, nobis.

Allied to A. aurantiirostris, spectabilis and erythrorhynchus, and about the
same size, but with the back chestnut. Bill red ; edges of wings at shoulders
yellowish-red.

Head above black, with a medial longitudinal band of dark ashy; cheeks
black, long superciliary line white. Back chestnut; rump and upper tail
coverts dark olive green; wings dark green, the outer coverts tinged with
chestnut; shoulders narrowly edged with yellowish red; tail brownish black.
A wide pectoral band, black, edged below with dull greenish ; chin black ;
throat and middle of the abdomen white; flanks and under tail coverts dark
olive green, (especially the under tail coverts;) under wing coverts green ; bill
bright yellowish red ; feet greenish brown.

Total length about 6J inches, wing 3, tail 2£ inches.

Hob. — Turrialba, Costa Rica. May 24, 1865, Mr. J. Carmiol.

Resembles most nearly A. spectabilis, Sclater, Proc. Zool Soc. LondoD, 1854,
pi. 67, but has a wide pectoral band and dark green under tail coverts, and
differs from that and all other allied species in having the back chestnut. In
the present specimen the bill is bright yellowish carmine, paler at the base of
the under mandible.

8. Buarremon brunneindchds, (Lafresnaye.)

Embernagra brunneinucha, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 97.
Dota, Costa Rica, July 24, 1864. Mr. J. Carmiol.

9. Buarremon crassirostris, nobis.

Bill strong and larger than usual in this genus ; wing short, rounded ; tail
rather long; feet strong. Head above dark chestnut, which color extends
somewhat on the back of the neck ; throat and sides of the head fully encircling
the eyes dark greenish brown, (nearly black,) some feathers of the throat and
others forming an obscure line from the corner of the under inaudible white at
their bases. Entire upper parts of body dark olive green, lighter on the rump,
a few of the longer upper tail- coverts tinged with brown ; wing dark brown,
all the quills and coverts widely edged with green, uniform with the back.
Middle of breast and abdomen bright greenish yellow, sides, tibia? and under
tail-coverts dark green, very nearly uniform with upper parts of body ; tail
dark brown, nearly black. Bill light colored, (in specimen, the upper mandible
is light yellowish horn color, under mandible pale yellowish ;) feet reddish-
brown.

Total length about 6 inches ; wing 3, tail 2f inches.

ffab. — Barranca, Costa Rica. Aprill4, 1864, £, Mr. J. Carmiol.

This bird forms a new subdivision of the genus Buarremon, easily character-
ized by its strong and more Pyranga-like bill. It is most nearly related to the
species of the group Pipilopsis, but does not intimately resemble any of those
nor other species known to me.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 171

10. Buarremon chrysopogon, (Bonaparte.)

Chrysopoga typica, Bonap. Consp. A v. i. p. 480, (1850.)

Ataleptes chrysopogon, Bonap.

Buarremon gutturalis, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 97?
This bird seems to be regarded by authors as entitled to the name here
adopted, but specimens in the Academy Museum bear Paris labels : " Arremon
gutturalis, Lafres." Dota, Costa Rica, July 24, 1864. Mr. J. Carmiol.

11. Chlorospingcs albitemporams, (Lafresnaye.)

Tachyphonus albitemp oralis, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 12.
San Jose, Gosta Rica. Dr. A. von Frantzius.

12. PHffiNicoTHRAUPis rubicoides, (Lafresnaye.)

Saltator rubicoides, Lafres., Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 41.
Grecia, Costa Rica, Dec. 12, 1864. Mr. Carmiol.

13. Tachyphonus DeLattrei, (Lafresnaye.)

Tachyphonus DeLattrii, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1847, p. 42.
One specimen only of this species in very fine adult plumage, but not dif-
ferent in any respect from others in the Academy Museum from New Grenada.
This bird is scarcely a Tachyphonus, nor congeneric, properly, in my opinion,
with any other bird with which I am acquainted. Paqua, Costa Rica, March
23, 1865. Mr. J. Carmiol.

14. Tachyphonds luctuosus, D'Orbigny et Lafresnaye.

Tachyphonus luctuosus, D'Orb. et Lafres., Mag. Zool., 1837, p. 29.

D'Orb. Voy. Am. Ois., pi. 20.

Numerous specimens, in nearly all of which the males have a partially con-
cealed but well defined coronal spot of pale yellow, a character not previously
known in this species. Those evidently in quite mature plumage are larger
than D'Orbigny's specimens in the Academy Museum, but not larger than his
figure above cited. The coronal spot is not present in D'Orbigny's specimens,
nor in numerous others which I have examined, and I suspect it appears only
at maturity, or in full nuptial plumage. No other peculiar character is appa-
rent to me in the present specimens. Angostura, March 10 and June 7, 1864,
and March 16, 1865. Mr. J. Carmiol.

15. Tan agra Diaconus, Lesson.

Tanagra Diaconus, Less., Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 175.
San Jose, Costa Rica, April 5, 1864. Mr. J. Carmiol.

16. Tanagra melanoptera, Hartlaub.

Tanagra melanoptera, Hartl., Rev. Zool.
Turrialba, Costa Rica, March 9, 1864. Mr. J. Carmiol.

17. Pykanga bidentata, Swainson.

Pyranga bidentata, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, p. 428.
"Iris Yellow." Birris, Costa Rica, May 17, 1865. Dr. A. von Frantzius.

18. Lanio ledcothorax, Salvin.

Lanio leucothoraz, Salv., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 581.

Numerous specimens, all of which present with much uniformity the peculiar
characters of this curious species as given by its discoverer, that excellent
naturalist and most judicious and liberal patron of the zoological sciences,
Osbert Salvin, Esq., of London.

Angostura and Payariqui, Costa Rica, March, 1865. Mr. J. Carmiol.

19. Euphonia fulvicrissa, Sclater.

Euphonia fulvicrissa Sclat., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 276.
Specimens apparently quite identical with others from New Grenada in Oipt.
Michler's collection in the Smithsonian Museum.

Angostura and Paqua, Costa Rica, March, 1865. Mr. J. Carmiol.

1865.]

X72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

20. Euphonia hirundinacea, Bonaparte.

Euphonia hirundinacea, Bonap., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 117.
Turrialba, Costa Rica, March 10, 1864. Mr. J. Carmiol.

21. Eophonia gracilis, (Cabanis)?

Fhonasca gracilis, Cab., Jour. Orn., 1860, p. 333?
Young birds, which seem to be this species. Mr. J. Carmiol.

22. Eophonia Annexe, nobis.

About the size of and resembling E. ruficeps, D'Orb. et Lafres., but with the
under parts of body clear yellow, and the under tail coverts white. Bill mode-
rate, rather wide at base; wing short, with the third quill longest; tail short.
Head above to occiput dark yellowish chestnut, other parts of head, including
throat, black; body above, wings and tail fine dark violet-purple, (not steel
blue, as in E. ruficeps;) under parts of body clear yellow; under tail-coverts
white. Quills black ; inner webs of secondaries and tertiaries with large white
spaces ; tail feathers black, edged with violet purple, the outer feathers with
large while spots in their terminal halves. Bill and feet dark bluish, (in skin.)

Total length about 4£ inches ; wing 2J, tail If inches.

Bab. — Sauta Rosa, Costa Rica, March 3, 1865. Mr. J. Carmiol. Specimen
in Museum Smithsonian Institution, Washington.

Of this interesting species one specimen only is in the collection of Mr. Car-
miol, and is fortunately in adult plumage. It is allied to the South American
E. ruficeps, zanlhogaslra and others, belonging to the subgroup designated
Acroleptes by Dr. Cabanis. (Jour. Orn., 1861, p. 90.) This bird has the upper
pans fine lustrous violet-purple, quite different from the steel blue and violet
of E. ruficeps, and it differs also in having the under parts clear yellow without
orange or darker shade, as in that species. The under tail coverts are white
in this species, but yellow in all its allies. Tail slightly emarginate.

This handsome liitle bird is dedicated to the lady of my friend Daniel CUraud
Elliot, Esq., of New York, whose excellent judgment and exquisite taste have
most efficiently aided her husband in the production of the most splendid orni-
thological works ever produced in this country.

New P0LYZ0NIID.E, Gervais.

BY HORATIO C. WOOD, JR., M. D.

Glomeris bicolob.

G. parvus ; dorso olivaceo-nigro, linea mediana brunnea (interdum obso
leta) ornata ; lateribus dilute brunneis; oculi utrinque 6.

The eyes are arranged in two straight linear series, of six each, on the outer
edge of the head. The antenna are somewhat elongate, filiform, and com-
posed of seven joints. Their last article is very small and inconspicuous, but
the penultimate is very large and long.

The first scutum is semilunar and of a brownish tint. The second is not very
large, and has the anterior half of its surface chased with numerous parallel
transverse lines. Each scutum has a transverse, somewhat semilunar, dark
olive blotch, which, from the second to the last, covers the whole of its dorsal
surface. The second scutum has a blotch of about the same size as the
others, and another very small one in front of this. The last scutum is brown-
ish with a rather indistinct olive blotch on each side.

This species is very interesting from the fact of its being the first Glomeris
found in Asia. As it has only 12 eyes, some naturalists would consider it as
representing a new genus, and if it is hereafter found that there are other Asia-
tic species with this peculiarity, I myself would regard it generic. Almost,
if not quite, all the European and African species have 16 eyes ; but a genus
has been described with the name Gervaisia, from the Carpathian mountains,
which has but five pairs of eyes. Taking this fact into consideration, I have

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173

hesitated to consider this one character sufficient to indicate a new genus in
a single species.

Hah. Hong Kong. Wm. Stirapson, M. D.

OLIGASPIS* n. g.

Corporis segmenta 9 ; antennae brevissimas, quinque articulatae. Oculi aggre-
gati.

This genus is allied to Zephronia, from which it differs entirely in the num-
ber of its segments. The antennae are very short and thick.

0. PUNCTICEPS.

O. dilute olivaceo brutmeus, capite et segmento cephalico castaneis ; capitis
superficie anticafere rude punctata; segmeutis postice obscure rubido-brun- '
neo marginatis.

The head superiorily is emarginate and a little swollen at its external
angles so as to give somewhat of a reniform appearance. Its vertex is smooth.
Many of the scuta have a large dark olive blotch or even blotches. Their sur-
face is mostly smooth and polished. The last scutum is very closely and dis-
tinctly punctate. The male genital organs have a pair of very heavy forceps
on each side, resembling the claws of a crab. These are placed at an angle
with one another, their bases attached to opposite sides of a broad plate. On
one side of their lower part is a curious surface corrugated by close, straight,
parallel furrows.

Springing from the top and centre of this broad plate are a pair of straight
diverging small processes, with a conical central tongue or process.

I have never had an opportunity of examining a female. For figures,
illustrating this species, see my forthcoming Monograph of North American
Myriapoda. [Trans. Philos. Soc]

"Hab. Port Natal. Rev. Alden Grout. Mus. A. N. S.

On a New Genus of VE3PESTILI0NID2E.

BY H. ALLEN, jM. D.

The genus Synotus, founded by Keyserling and Blasius,f had for its type
the common Barbastelle. But Dr. GrayJ and Buonaparte, § having previously
defined Barbastellus as a distinct genus, it follows that Synotus is but a syn-
onym of Barbastellus. In my memoir on N. A. Bats,|| I followed Wagner,^
who placed both the American and European species under Synotus. A more
extended study of this group has convinced me that this course is untenable.
There is not sufficient evidence in the diagnosis of Synotus, as given by K.
and B., to warrant the conclusion that it was intended to apply to the Amer-
ican species ; and since they cannot be received by either Plecotus or Vesper-
tilio, it is necessary to propose a new genus to include them.

CORYNDRHINUS, n. g.

Skull slightly depressed at vertex ; supra-occipital region inflated, sides
inconspicuous ; frontal bones without crest. Nasal bones, broad, flat,
not depressed ; median fossa marked, — linear ; superior border of anterior
nares rounded ; summits convex and somewhat higher than orbital processes of
superior maxillae. The latter processes are swollen, and extend anteriorly

* Oxiyoc d(T7ri;, Scutum. *

1 Wirbel thier* Europas, 1S40, 55.

J Zoological Journal, ii. 1826, 243.

$ Fauna Italica Fasiculo 15, tab. 15, 1836.

j Monag. N. A. Bats, Smithsonian Inst.. June, 1864.

f Schreb. Sang. y. 1855, 719.

1865.] 12

174 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

beyond the incomplete infra-orbital ridges, to which the infra-orbital fora-
mina are nearly contiguous. Zygomatic arch expanded at posterior third.
Molars 5. Cochlea? not visible. Internal basal lobe of ear rounded, thicken-
ed, gradually losing its distinctness along the marked fold at inner border.
Inter-auricular membrane rudimentary ; external basal lobe terminating on
a line with the angle of the mouth ; it possesses a manifest lobe on the internal
surface. Antitragus scarcely perceptible. Tragus pointed gradually, ex-
ternal basal lobe conspicuously cupped. Nose with two lateral hairy con-
Terging excrescences — nostrils wider than long, subtriangular. No rounded
swelling at base of foot. Vertebrae of tail, <.*

C. MACROTIS.f

Head half the length of body. Upper lips tumid, — on sides of face rather
thickly set with pendant hairs. Excrescences on a line with the lateral
border of nostrils sparsely haired ; tuberosities at base flattened, well defined
posteriorly. Nostrils terminal, of an irregular triangular shape, the apices
pointing inward ; exterior lateral angle acute, borders not everted ; mental
space narrow, crescentric. Ears, length of body, with internal fold one-fifth
width of auricle, sparsely haired at internal border, tips turned slightly out-
wards ■ outer half of auricle marked with irregular transverse lines ; the inner
lip to external basal lobe convex, nearly as high as long. Antitragus simple,
linear. Tragus nearly half the height of auricle, interior border' thickish
and marked with a few hairs, tip rather blunt; exterior basal lobe longer
than wide inner and outer borders deflected upwards. Outer end of the free
edo-e of the sigmoid internal lobe thickened. Fur long and silky, that of the
back of a blackish hue at base, verging to an obscure fawn or brown at tip.
The hair is, therefore, indistinctly bi-colored. The extent of the tip colora-
tion varies but in all specimens that of the color of the base predominates.
The hair of the belly is blackish at root, in some specTmens slightly plumbe-
ous. Tips grayish, running to white toward the pubis.

♦Compare Plecotug {P. auriius.) Skul!#not depressed at vertex; supra-occipital space well
defined but little inflated; frontal bone crested. .Nasal bones narrow, depressed, no median fossa.
Orbital process produced, bounded anteriorly by the infra-orbital ridge, which is sharply defined,
complete, and protects the infra-orbital foramen immediately in front. Zygomatic arch expanded
at middle third. Molars £; cochleae not visible.— Internal, basal lobe of ear obscure; a thin
papery fold terminating the internal border, and rung thence upwards and inwards, terminates
in a prominent, thickish lobe, forming the outer boundary of the large inter-auricular membrane.
Antitragus salient, convex, external basal lobe simple. Tragus bread, points sharply; external
basal lobe developed, incurred upon itself. Nose simple— nostrils longer than wide, with tumid
inner, walls. Base of foot with small rounded spelling. Joints of tail, 8.

Vespertilio. {V. subulatus.)— Skull not depressed at vertex; supra-occipital region greatly
swollen; par-occipital process trenchant, matly as long as condyles; nasal bones narrow, convex,
higher than orbital process, and tape ing from above downwards. Orbital process slight, swollen,
not involving side ot face ; infra-orbital foramen at posterior fourth of orbito-nasal space. Zygo-
matic arch convex, not expanded, becoming more slender posteriorly, depressed in middle.
Cochleae visible. Molars £.— Internal basal lobe of ear simple, acute, inner border of auricle

simple. No swelling at. base of foot. Vertebrae of tail, 9.

BarbasUlius. (B. communis.)— Skull scarcely depressed at parietal suture. Nasal bones flat,
depressed below the level of the orbital process; internal process produced inferiorly at anterior
nares. Infraorbital ridge rudimentary, foramen midway between orbit and anterior nares. Zygo-
matic arch straight, and of uniform tenuity. Molars A. Cochleae visible posteriorly. — Internal
basal lobe of ear scarcely perceptible, not joining the small inter-auricular membrane; internal
border of ear not folded backwards, but erect; external border sinuate; external basal lobe
simple, terminating above the angle ot the mouth. Antitragus sharp, well defined, convex.
Tragus points gradually, external border obscurely bi-eiuarginated ; basal lobe simple, inferior
border alone curved, to form a minute wart. Nose simple, truncate; nostrils irregular, inner
border produced laterally* not tumid. No rounded swelling at base of foot. Joints of tail 9.
(This genus has remote affinities with Nycteris aud Megaderma.)*

t (Mon. N. A. Bats, loc. cit.)

• Histiotus, Gervais, (Castelnau's L' Amerique du sud Mam. 1855, p. 7" , pi. xiii. f. 6) apparently
belongs to this group. 1 have not had an opportunity of examining it.

[Aug.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 175

C. TOWNSENDI.

Head length' of body. Upper lip slightly tumid on sides of face, a line of
delicate hairs pendant. Excrescences sparsely haired ; tuberosities swollen
at base, bulging, outline obscure iuferiorly. Nostrils terminal, of an irregu-
lar trilobed shape ; external lateral angle obtuse, edges everted, with internal
inferior border rimmed. Chin with a wide triangular mentum. Ears with
internal fold one-fourth width of auricle, sparingly dotted with hair. Inner lip
to external basal lobe convex, much longer than high. Antitragus inconspicu-
ous. Tragus nearly half the height of auricle ; internal border thickened,
and slightly haired ; exterior basal lobe indistinctly quadrangular, wider
than long, and somewhat flattened externally, border convex ; central inci-
sions of upper jaw almost unicuspid.*

Fur long and silky, on back less distinctly bi-colored than in the preceding
species, verging in some individuals to unicolor. The tips are of a darkish
brown mixed with grey, verging to the style seen in macrotis. The fur of the
belly is also blackish at base, with occasionally a ferruginous tinge ; the tips
are of two kinds, either a whitish hue, as in macrotis, or of an indistinct yel-
lowish brown.

The points mentioned in the above descriptions with reference to the " in-
ternal basal lobe" and "inter-auricular membrane," may need explanation.
A simple auricle is seen in V. subulatus with a clearly defined internal
border and basal lobe. In Plecotus, Barbastellus and Synotus a crescentic
fold of membrane is seen at basal region of internal portion of auricle,
which is evidently homologous with the free lobe of the simple auricle.
But surrounding and extending upwards from it along the inner border .is
a membranous fold, which renders the true outline obscure. Such growths
I consider to be appendages to the auricle, and, while complicating the
detail of structure, in no Fay affect the plan. Should these folds meet
across the head, there woulcrbe formed an "inter-auricular membrane ;" this
may be complete, (that is, extending the entire length of auricles), as in some
genera of Noctilionida? and Megadertnatidas ; or it may be rudimentary, as in
the above genera. In the latter class the appendages are quite largely de-
veloped, though not touching ; and in this connection they may be considered
to be rudiments of an inter-auricular membrane.

September 5 th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

Dr. Leidy remarked, that of the two fishes from the Isle of Shoals, N. H.,
presented this evening by Mr. W. M. Canby, one was of unusual interest. It
was a foetal Dog-fish, or Dog-shark, with the vitelline sac appended to its ab-
domen, which Mr. Canby had obtained, together with others, from a gravid
parent fish. Mr. C. had heard a dispute among several persons as to whether
the Dog-fish (Acanthias Americanus) laid eggs or brought forth living young,
and, having mentioned the matter to a fisherman, the latter said they brought
forth living young; and an opportunity offering shortly afterwards, proved it
by opening a gravid female and taking out the living young, of which the
specimen presented was one. •

The deaths of Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker, of England, and Mr. Charles
J. Wistar, of Germantown, correspondents of the Academy, were an-
nounced.

* In Mon. loc cit. p. 66, read, on 7th line, leu " distinctly bifid at cutting edge."

1865.]

176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

September I2ih.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eighteen members present.

The deaths of Mr. Jacob R. Smith and Mr. Joseph D. Brown, mem-
bers of the Academy, were announced.

September 19th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Twenty members present.

The following papers were offered for publication :
" On a new generic type of Sharks," and " On two species of Del-
phinidae." By Prof. Theo. Gill.

" Notes on a species of Hunchback Whale." By Prof. E. D. Cope.

Dr. Leidy directed the attention of the Academy to some fossil remains of
Rhinoceros from Texas and California, which, he observed, together with those
already described by him from the Mauvaises Terres of White River, and from
the Niobrara or L'eau-qui-court River, of Nebraska, were probable evidence of
the former existence of five species of the genus within the boundaries of the
United States.

One of the species, previously described, from White River, is so peculiar as
to constitute a subgenus apart from the others. It was a small animal, with a
hornless skull, and possessed six incisors and a pair of canines in each jaw,
besides the usual series of seven molars on each side. It was named Hyraco-
don nebraskensis (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, 92.^

The second species, Rhinoceros occidentalism from White River, has the same
formula of dentition as the Indian or Javan Rhinoceros, and was about half
the size of that animal.

Rhinoceros crassus, (Pr. Ac. 1858, 28), from L'eau-qui-court, has the same
formula of dentitiou as the Indian Rhinoceros, and was about the same size.
The incisors appear to have held the same proportionate size as in the latter,
but in R. occidcnlalis they were proportionately very much smaller. A worn
superior incisor of R. crassus measures 28 lines antero-posteriorly and 10 lines
transversely. The corresponding tooth of R. occidentals measures 11 lines by
5 lines. A broken superior last molar of the former is estimated to have
measured 28 lines obliquely and externally, the same diameter transversely
and anteriorly, and 24 lines antero-posteriorly and internally. In R. occidentalis
corresponding measurements hold the relationship of 18 lines, 18 lines, and 16
lines.

The Texan Rhinoceros is indicated by the greater and more characteristic
portion of the crown of an upper molar tooth, probably the penultimate. It
was obtained from a tertiary deposit, probably miocene, and submitted to Dr.
L. for examination, by Dr. Benj. F. Shumard. It presents much the general
appearance of preservation of the Mauvaises Terres fossils of White River. It
evidently indicates a species different from those of the latter locality, and
was larger than either, approaching in size R. crassus, though it was smaller.
The estimated measurements of the restored tooth are two inches for the an-
tero-posterior diameter externally, 22 lines for the transverse diameter ante-
riorly, and 18 lines in the latter direction posteriorly. The median valley is
strongly sigmoid, arising from each of the inner lobes being provided with an
oblique offset extending into the valley in a parallel manner. For the species
the name of Rhinoceros meridianus was proposed.

The California Rhinoceros is indicated by the greater portion of the right'

[Sept.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 177

side of a lower jaw retaining the symphysis ; from Chili Gulch, Calaveras Co.,
and was submitted to Dr. L.'s inspection by Prof. J. D. Whitney, who is in
charge of the California State Survey. The specimen resembles, in its con-
dition of preservation, the Mauvaises Terres fossils of White River, Nebraska.
The formula of dentition is the same as in the Indian Rhinoceros, and the
proportionate size of the teeth was the same. It was about the size of R. oc-
cidentalism or perhaps a trifling degree larger, but its lateral incisors were triple
the size. The estimated length of the jaw is about 16 inches. The space
occupied by the molar series is 8 inches. Regarding the specimen as indicating
a species distinct from any of the preceding, the name of Rhinoceros hesperius
was proposed for it.

September 2Qth.

The President. Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Thirty-two members present.

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

On a New Generic Type of SHARKS.
BY THEODORE GILL.

In the year 1858 the Smithsonian Institution received, from Capt. Stone,
the jaws and vertebrae of an enormous species of shark existing in the Gulf
of California and known to the inhabitants of the neighboring regions as the
" Tiburon ballenas," or " whale shark." The specimen represented by the
spoils was said to have been "twenty feet long," with a " head six feet wide,"
" pectorals three feet long " and " flukes six feet between tips.'' " The back
from the head to first dorsal fin, brown with reddish spots." The head is re-
presented as truncated in front.

The dried dentigerous band of the upper jaw is slightly curved forwards,
about nineteen inches between the extremities, and somewhat more than an
inch in width in front. The teeth are fixed and extremely minute, the largest
being little more than a line in length, and decrease towards the ends of
the jaw ; they are disposed in regularly transverse rows, of which there are
over one hundred and sixty (164 — 167) on each side, while in front there are
from thirteen to sixteen in each transverse row ; each tooth is recurved back-
wards and acutely pointed, swollen and with a heel-like projection in front
rising from its base.

This type will be seen, therefore, to be very distinct, but is evidently re-
lated to the South African genus Rhinodon, and must be referred to the family
of Rhinodontidee with the name of Micristodus punctatus.

On two species of DELPHINIDiE, from California, in the Smithsonian

Institution.

BY THEODORE GILL.

While examining the species of Cetaceans, represented by skulls and skins,
in the Smithsonian Institution, I discovered two species of Delphiuidse sup-
posed to have been hitherto undescribed. Brief descriptions of these are now
submitted ; at another time, it is proposed to give more extended descriptions
as well as figures.

Lagenorhynchus obliqoidens, Gill.

The skull in its generic characters agrees with that of L. leucopleurus, the

1865.]

178 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

type of the genus. The beak is rather robust, its greatest width being con-
tained about three times and a half in the length of the skull ; thence it de-
creases gradually forwards, the lateral contour .describing a sigmoid outline,
while the surface above towards the end is moderately and quite regularly
arched from side to side, no groove separating the intermaxillaries and supra-
maxillaries. The triangular or deltoid area, in front of the nostrils, is nearly
plane but elevated, and its surface corrugated ; it gradually ascends back-
wards to the posterior angles of the intermaxillaries, while forwards it is in-
curved, and continued as a narrow internal margin of the maxilliaries, almost
to the anterior fourth of the beak ; its greatest width is less than half the
width of the cranium. The interspace between the intermaxillaries is wide,
and scarcely contracted at the middle. The supraoccipital projects forwards,
and its point almost or quite touches the nasals. The temporal fossae project
far backwards. The lower jaw is nearly uniformly high for the posterior
fourth of its length, and at its symphisis is again enlarged and deeper.

The teeth are elongated, boldly curved, in the upper jaw about thirty-two
in number ; all are directed obliquely forwards and outwards ; the distance
between the last and the posterior notch of the supramaxillary equalling the
width of the bone ; in the lower jaw there are about thirty or thirty-one
teeth on each side, directed somewhat outwards, and the posterior one also
slightly backwards.

Three skulls of adults of this species, obtained at San Francisco, California,
are in the Smithsonian collection. They indicate a species different from any
that lias yet been intelligibly described. I refer it to Larjenorhynchus, as con-
tradistinguished from De.lphinus by its flat palate, destitute of lateral grooves ;
the differences between skulls of this genus and Cephalorhynchus are not evi-
dent from the published accounts.

Phocaena vomerina, Gill.

The skull is very similar to that of P. communis, and the proportions gene-
rally differ little or none, but it is at once distinguished by the development
of the vomerine bone, which is more developed and recurrent backwards, ex-
panding below into a more or less enlarged horizontal process behind the
palatines. The teeth appear also to be more numerous ; in the upper
jaw, on each side, there are about thirty-nine or forty teeth, disposed in two
divaricating series, in the front of which are about eighteen, and in the pos-
terior eleven. In other respects no decided specific differences seem to exist.

This species is represented in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution
by the much injured skull of an animal obtained by Dr. Kennerly at Puget's
Sound, and by the skin and skull of a younger animal, procured at San Fran-
cisco by Dr. William Stimpson as naturalist of the North Pacific Exploring
Expedition.

Note on a Species of HUNCHBACK WHALE.
BY PROF. E. D. COPE.

The author has had an opportunity of studying the skeleton of a hunch-
backed whale of our coast, preserved in the museum at Niagara Falls, in
Canada. A label on the specimen explained that the animal was found dead
at'sea, forty miles from Petit Menan lighthouse, off the coast of Maine, and
was towed to shore by a Capt. Taylor. It was carefully cleaned, and appeared
to be perfect, except in the lack of the sternal, pelvic, and periotic elements.
Its length, when fresh, was fifty feet.

It presents all the characters of the genus Megaptera, Gray, especially of
the northern species, including the lack of coracoid process, and presence of
a small coronoid process of the mandible. Its subordinate characters differ

[Sept

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 179

from those of the M. longimana and gig as, the known north Atlantic
species, as figured and described by Rudolphi and Gray. The transverse pro-
cess of the atlas is directed obliquely upward, truncate, deeper than long,
measuring half the depth of the articular face, its upper origin above the lat-
ter, and at the base of the neural arch. A rounded process, bearing the pos-
terior articular surface, projects into the upper part of the spinal canal. Of the
transverse processes of the axis, the superior is longer ; the canal is not
depressed, a little over half the diameter of the centrum. The superior
transverse processes increase in length to the fifth cervical, where they are
straight and slightly descending ; those of the sixth and seventh are well
developed. The last is the only one without inferior process ; the others are
well developed ; that of the fifth, three-fifths the diameter of the centrum,
and slightly angulated near the middle. Total number of vertebra?, 48, all free;
the neural spine is first smaller than the zygapophysis on the fortieth. The
neural arches and spines are remarkably elevated on the dorsal and lumbar
regions, somewhat as in the Catodontidae : e. g., in the 33d vertebrae, the ver-
tical diameter of the centrum is 9.75 inches, and the height of the arch and spine,
17.87 inches, or nearly double ; the position of the zygapophysis measures half
the elevation. The caudal series is short, and though a few vertebrae have pos-
sibly been lost, the series appears as though complete ; there are attachments
for eight chevron bones. There are fourteen pairs of ribs, of which the
anterior are simple-headed, and flattened distally ; the first is especially
dilated, double the width of the median, and presents a process on its pos-
terior edge near the extremity. This is present on the two following, being
successively nearer the extremity in each. Those of the last pair are slender,
and longer than iu Balaena, exceeding the second pair. The length of the
humerus and remainder of the fore limb is 9.05 feet, equal the length of the
cranium ; they supported a fluke equal in life to one-fifth the total length.
The breadth of the cranium measured below, from tip to tip of the orbital
processes of the frontal, 6.41 feet, or to the length as 8 to 11 ; in Rudolphrs
figure of the longimana, the proportions are as 8 to 14. Breadth between
coronoids of mandible, 5.75 feet. The ulna is much curved, and with two
proximal heads. Scapula, height, 29.6 inches; breadth, 44.4 inches.

This specimen differs from those described by Gray * and Rudolphi, f in the
long inferior lateral processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae ; in the
former, they are said to exist on the anterior only. W. P. Flower, however,
in a valuable paperj on cetacean skeletons, describes two specimens, one in
the museum at Louvain, and the other at Brussels, which exhibit these
processes as far as the sixth and fifth vertebrae, respectively, but of diminished
length. In the specimen under consideration, that of the fifth is as long as
that of the second.

The parallelopiped form and elevated position of the transverse processes,
and the internal process of the atlas, are not represented in Dr. Gray's figures.

The cranium is broader, in proportion to its length, than represented by
Rudolphi, and shorter in proportion to the total, than in the measurements
of Flower and Moore : in these it is one-fourth, or more ; in the Maine speci-
men, one-fifth, or less. The fins are, also, relatively shorter, measuring one-
fifth of the length, instead of one-third.

A most striking peculiarity of the species is the great elevation of the
arches and spinous processes of the dorsal, and especially the lumbar verte-
brae, reminding one of the structure in the toothed whales. The outline of
the skeleton is thus somewhat humped behind, presenting a contrast to that
represented by Rudolphi in the type specimen of the longimana, where the
elevation of the arches and spines does not exceed the diameter of the cen-
trum, on the lumbar region at least : on the 33d vertebra, the zygapophysis

* Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 208. t Mem. Acad. Berlin, 1829, 13:.

1 Pr. Z. S. Lond., 1864, 416-18.

1865.]

180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

measures one-third this height. The length of the diapophyses is considerable,
and similar in both. Rudolphi represents eleven chevron bones, and the
anterior ribs are not flattened, or furnished with an inner process in his
figure.

In the M. gigas, the spinal canal is relatively larger, and the cervical
superior and inferior transverse processes of one side are more symmetrical
and similar.

An American fin-backed whale has been named Megaptera americana,
from a very brief and indefinite description in the Philosophical Transactions,
I. p. 11. A species named on such a basis can never be recognized; but, if
we must accept it, the only character given, the relative lengths of the body
and fin, are entirely at variance with those of the present species : the length
of the latter is said to be one-third of the total.

Supposing the reduced number of vertebra? and chevron bones to be the
result of accident, and the form of the anterior ribs to have been unnoticed
by Rudolphi, the shorter head and fins, the peculiarly high neural spines and
peculiarities of some of the cervical vertebrae, would seem to distinguish this
specifically from the 1 o n g i m a n a, if, as is most probable from the recent
researches of Gray, such characters are invariable in the species of Cetaceans.
On such premises this animal may be called Megaptera os phy ia.

A species of this genus has left its remains in the miocene of Eastern Vir-
ginia, judging from periotic and other bones sent me by my friend Edw. Hol-
way, of Yorktown. Probably it is one of the species described by Leidy, Proc.
Acad., 1851, 308.

A pair of bullae without their other periotic elements has been sent me from
the Museum, Salem, Mass., by Frederick W. Putnam, Secretary of the Essex
Institute. They-,were presented to the Museum by Capt. J. W. Clever, and
are said to have belonged to a hunchbacked whale. Their locality is unknown.

The transverse section represents a cylinder. Taking the bulla of the left side,
the incurved lip of the interior face (position derived from the figures of Balaena
australis in Ossemens Fossiles) forming no angle with the inferior aspect : this
lip rolls regularly inward without compression or fold ; with its laminae the
smooth surface terminates, all the remaining surface of the bulla being closely
rugose. Viewed from above, the anterior extremity is more contracted than
the posterior, and the outer face presents three inflations, while the inner is
medially straight. Of the superoexterior inflations, the middle is prolonged
into the usual superior process, which is much recurved, and constricts mode-
rately the great fissure at two-fifths its length from its posterior extremity ; it
is separated by a deep fissure from the posterior inflation. The main fissure
is in one plane, and is expanded into both lips anteriorly. The portion sup-
porting the other periotic elements postero-interiorly stands on a strong
pedicel. Greatest length, 4 in. 5 1. ; breadth at middle inflations, 2 in. 8'4 1.

Huxley's figure of the periotic bones of Balaena australis (Elem. Corn-
par. Anat. 273) represents the longer process as Cuvier, longer and not so
acuminate as in our specimens of the B. cisarctica, but the shorter process
as much shorter than in the former figure, and more as in our specimens.

A pair of earbones of one individual from the Museum Salem, differ con-
siderably from those of three individuals of the B. c i s a r c t i c a in the Academy
collection of nearly the same size. In them an arched ridge descends from
the upper elongate lip process, on its inner side, and, describing a curve, rises
to the pedestal of the longer periotic process. In the cisarctica the ridge
is inconspicuous, and includes but a groove between it and the labial border,
while in the Salem specimen it is very strong, and, descending farther, in-
cludes a pocket with the lip border. In the latter there is a broad smooth
rim on the rising outer lip margin of the other end ; in the cisarctica none
at all. Viewed from below, the end next the long processes is broader and
more nearly truncate, owing to the strong development of the exterior inflation

[Sept.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 181

of that end into a strong solid basal angle, and the expansion of the inner
basal outline. The angle formed by the meeting of the inner and nnder faces
of the bulla is more acute, from the greater flattening of the former.

These differ as much from Balsena mysticetus angulata,* Gray. The long
section of the opening is narrower, and the short portion shorter ; the external
basal angle opposite this portion, as well as the "pocket, is not represented in
Gray's figure. The former feature, with the greater prominence of the long
external inflations at the other end, gives a very different inferior view, from
the greater breadth, etc. The characteristic angle of Dr. Gray's figure is also
wanting in the Salem species or variety.

Another bulla from Mus. Salem (No. 113) is narrower on the inferior view
than even the cisarctica, and the outer lip of the opening is considerably
higher. The inner inferior outline below the long process is very obliquely
truncate, and the outer prominence near it is directed more outward. The
inner or thick lip is not heavy, and is much plicate. The inner inferior com-
pressed margin is much less flattened than the other Salem variety, (111 — 112.)
Locality unknown.

October 3d.
Mr. Cassin, Vice-President, in the Chair.
Fifteen members preserjt.

Dr. Leidy observed that the fine specimen of Cryolite, presented this evening
by Edmund A. Souder, Esq., was from Ivigtut, Aiksuk Fiord, Greenland, and
was a sample from a ship load, one of a number of similar loads imported to this
place for the manufacture of soda alum.

Prof. Carson stated that he recently had an opportunity of ascertaining the
plants from which the so-called American Tea is made. The variety called
Green Tea is the product of the Ctanolhus Amtricanus ; the Black Tea, the pro-
duct of the Lysimachia quadrifolia.

The death of Dr. Francis M. Moore, member of the Academy, was
announced.

October 10th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty-four members present.

Dr. Leidy made some remarks in relation to the specimens of oolitic phos-
phates of lime and alumina, from the Island of Navassa, W. I., presented this
evening. The material, he stated, was imported in large quantities to this
place, by Messrs. Potts and Klett, and was employed in the manufacture of a
fertilizer. The mineral presents several varieties of color, but is especially
remarkable for its constitution, resembling that of ordinary oolite. Dr. L. sup-
posed that it was probably of organic origin, though the reverse opinion was
held by persons of judgment.

Dr. Leidy further called the attention of the members to a collection of bones
and stone implements, presented this evening by Mr. Frederick Klett. The
remains were obtained from the Island of Orchilla, W. I., from a deposit of
guano, eight inches below the surface. The bones are parts of three human

* Proc. ZjoI. Soc. 1S64, 201.

1865.]

182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

skeletons, together with a few fragments of bird and turtle bones. They are
all very friable and appear much eroded on the surface.

The human bones are all of mature age, and rather small. Most of them are
portions of two skeletons, apparently a male and female ; a few belonged to a
third skeleton, apparently male. Of portions of three skulls, the most perfect
is the greater part of a small- cranium, judging from its size, that of a female.
The base in advance of the occipital bone is broken away. The cranium is of
the brachycephalic type and bears a near resemblance to that of the ancient
Peruvian pattern. It is rounded or ovoidal, with a high compressed occipital
region, with a quadrate outline viewed posteriorly, and an ovoidal outline
viewed above and laterally. The forehead recedes in a gentle curve from the
supra-orbital margins, and the supra-ciliary ridges are feebly developed. The
greatest height of the cranium is on a line with the anterior glenoid tubercle
and the centre of the sagittal suture. The biparietal diameter is 64 lines; the
antero-posterior, from the glabella to the occipital protuberance, 76 lines ; and
the height from the anterior margin of the occipital foramen to the centre of
the sagittal suture 64 lines. The breadth of the forehead at its narrowest part,
just above the external angular processes of the frontal bone, is 44 lines ; the
height of the latter bone from the root of the nose to its summit is 49 lines.

Fragments of the other skulls indicate a larger size but the same form,
except larger superciliary ridges. A fragment of the face of one of them ex-
hibits the cheek bones prominent anteriorly, and the orbital and nasal orifices
large.

The jaws are of moderate proportions and orthognathous. The teeth of all
three skulls are of the ordinary 'forms. Those of two of the skulls are much
worn. In one of the skulls some of the teeth had been lost during life, and the
alveoli obliterated. In a lower jaw containing an entire series of teeth but
little worn, the back two molars on one side present on the top of the crown a
small cavity, probably the result of caries.

The remaining human bones consist of a few vertebra? with fragments of
others, fragments of two scapulae and innominata, a number of long bones of
the extremities, and a few small bones of the feet.

The collection contains four humeri belonging to three skeletons. Two from
one of the larger skeletons measure 12 inches in length from the summit of the
head to the edge of the inner articular condyle, and 2 inches 10 lines in cir-
cumference, just below the deltoid insertion. A third humerus, apparently
from the same skeleton as the more perfect cranium before indicated, is of
more delicate form, II J inches in length, and 2 inches 8 lines in circumference
at the middle of the shaft. The fourth specimen, intermediate in proportions
to the others, has lost the head, and is peculiar from the very prominent sharp
angular character of the shaft internally. All the humeri present a small in-
tercommunication between the fossse above the ulnar trochlea.

The bones of both fore-arms of a larger and smaller skeleton exhibit the
following measurements : larger ulna 1 0£ inches long ; smaller one 9h inches :
larger radius 9} inches long; smaller one 8 inches 8 lines long.

Of two femora from a larger and a smaller skeleton, both without the head
and condyles, one has measured about 17 inches in length, the other about 16J
inches. They are more bowed anteriorly than is usual, and both present a
greater degree of prominence of the linea aspera.

Four tibia?, without the head, belong to the same skeletons as the femora.
The larger, when perfect, measured about 13£ inches long from the front of
the head to the end of the inner malleolus; the smaller 13 inches. The former
present nothing peculiar, but the latter are remarkable for their laterally com-
pressed character; the antero-posterior diameter nf the middle of the shaft or
the breadth of the internal surface being 16 lines, while the transverse diame-
ter is but 9 lines.

The stone implements found with the bones are six stone axes, of compressed
conical form, with a sharp trenchant basal border and a pointed apex.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 183

Prof. Gill offered a communication on a new generic type of the family 7a-
piridce, of which two skulls, representing adult and very young individuals,
are contained in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. The former in-
dicates that the species attains a size superior even to that of Tapirns ameri-
canus, and that it is consequently much larger than the Tapir of Roulin. Both
skulls were obtained, by Dr. W. S. White, on the Isthmus of Panama. The
outline of the skull resembles that of the Pinchaque, (T. Roulinii, Fischer,
1829, = T. villosus, Wagner, = T. andicola, Gloger, 1842, = T. pinchaque,
Goudot,) but the new type is distinguished at once by the peculiar develop-
ment of the supramaxillaries, which are swollen above and in front of the
infraorbital foramina, and thence extend upwards and backwards into a
squamous portion which embraces with its fellow a thick, bony, nasal sep-
tum continuous with the vomer, and which is elevated to a line with the
forehead, and has a widened upper edge, which still further enlarges behind
and embraces the nasal bones. The grooves for the muscles of the proboscis
are in front straight, entirely confined to the frontals, and do not encroach on
the supramaxillaries ; while behind they describe a spiral curve around a pit
between the nasals and frontals. Other peculiar characters exist and will be
hereafter illustrated. The species may be named Elasmognathus Bairdii.

Mr. Glenn, of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy and Zoology of
Cambridge, exhibited to the Academy various beautiful microscopic
preparations made by him.

October \lth.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty- two members present.

The following papers were offered for publication :

" Observations on American Fossils, with descriptions of new spe-
cies." By T. A. Conrad.

" Third Contribution to the Herpetol >gy of Tropical America,"
and "A Contribution to the knowledge of the Delphinidce." By Prof.
E. D. Cope.

October 24th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Eighteen members present.

The following papers were offered for publication :
" On species of Galeruca and allied genera," and " Prodromus of the
Anobiini inhabiting North America." By Dr. John L. LeConte.
" Notes of a study of the family Icteridae." By John Cassin.

October 31st.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Seventeen members present.

The resignation of Dr. Band as Recording Secretary was accepted,
and Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.. was unanimously elected.
1865.]

184 PKOCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

Observations on American FOSSILS, with descriptions of two new species.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

Prof. Cook, of New Brunswick, N. J., has lately received a few fossils from
Ocala, Florida, which prove the limestone of that locality to be of the same age
as the Shark River marl of New Jersey. The species consist of Globulus
alveatus, Con., Venericardia prima, Con., Dosiniopsis alta, Con. These are all
Eocene species of California, Maryland and New Jersey. In this rock no
doubt occurs Carcharodon angustidens, Agass., of which I obtained a specimen
at Tampa Bay, Florida.

Among Prof. Cook's fossils are a few species from Jasper Co.. Miss. The
rock of this county, in which the fossils occur, is stated by Hilgard to be of the
Jackson Group, (Upper Eocene.) The species are Ostrea Tuomeyi, Con., Mor-
tonia turgida, Con., Pecten Poulsoni, Morton, P. perplanvs, Morton, Carcharodon
angustidens, Agass., Orbitolitcs Mantelli, Morton. The former of these I sup-
pose to be the shell which Tuomey found so common in the Basilosaurus lime-
stone of Alabama, and which he referred to Pycnodonla vesicularis (Gryphsca
mutabilis, Morton.) It is very different, however, and may be distinguished by
the following characters :

Ostrea Tuomeyi. — Ovate, sublobate, lower valve deep, umbo narrow, rough
and unequal in surface, with rough lines of growth; not distinctly plicate ;
upper valve convex above, slightly convex below ; with a rough and unequal
surface; concentric lamination very prominent, when weathered.

It differs from P. vesicularis especially in wanting the inner plications about
the upper submargins of the interior, and the umbo is much narrower ; it is
also a true Ostrea, whilst the vesicularis is the type of the genus Pycnodonta,
Fischer, and characterizes the cretaceous era.

Echinodermata.
MORTONIA, Desor.

Mortonia turgida. — Suboval or subpentagonal, swelling medially, with a
convex outline ; thin on the submarginal portion of the disc ; ambulacra ellip-
tical.

Allied to M. Rogersi, but larger, thinner round the central prominence, more
elevated medially, the depression about the mouth greater, and the anus
smaller. It bears about the same relation to Rogersi as Sismendia alta, Con.,
bears to S. Lyelli, Con.

Testacea.
LIODERMA, Conrad.

Volutilithes lioderma. — This shell has not the characters of Volutililhes,
but is covered entirely by enamel, has very oblique columnellar folds, and an,
outer lip somewhat ernarginate on the upper part to its juncture with the body
whorl ; base deeply emarginate.

I have not met with this genus in any American Eocene bed.

SOLENA, Browne.

Subgenus Leptosolen, Conrad.

Solena BiPUCATA (siliquaria) Con. — Cretaceous.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 185

Third contribution to the HERPETOLOGY of Tropical America.

BY E. D. COPE.

Alligator h el o i s.

Muzzle 6| inches from end to lines connecting orbits, 5| inches wide near
the middle. Two keels behind and between the eyes, diverging posteriorly,
a short and nearly transverse keel in front of the eyes. Upper eye-lid divided
by grooves into three areas ; an elevated keel, above each ear opening. Two
oblique rows of elevated horn-like shields^n each side of the neck, of rather
small size, four on the inner, three on the outer rows ; the third of the inner
and second of the outer form, with two large elevated median plates, a trans-
verse row. Four very high, short, keel-like postcervicals. Eight rows of
dorsal shields, excepting anteriorly where there are six in the first cross-row.
and four in the two succeeding ; all are like heads of spikes keeled. Four
rows on the tail at its middle. Lateral caudal shields continuous, abrttptly
elevated. like the dorsals, subquadrate. Sides with small rounded scales ;
width between dorsals and ventrals equal to length of third dorsal cross series.
A large row of plates on the inner side of the fore arm. Claws long ; no pal-
mar webs. Abdominal rows eleven, each plate with a thin ossification ; two
or three large plates in the thoracic cross-row. End of tail little serrate above,
scarcely compressed. From end of muzzle to occipital 12 inches ; to between
femora 32 inches ; from latter point to end of tail 50 inches ; total 7 feet 10
inches.

Color dark brown with vertical yellow bars on the sides and tail, the former
very irregular. Chin, throat, under and upper lips yellow, without spots.

This rugged looking species belongs to the genus Alligator, as restricted by
Gray, in which the prolongation of the nasal bones separates the external
nares, and there is no cross ridge between the orbits. It approaches Jacare
in that an external portion of this cross-ridge exists on each side. The hab-
itat is not known, as the single specimen I have seen is preserved without
label in the Museum of the University of Munich. Through the courtesy of
Prof. C. Von Siebold, I was enabled to make the above description.

I may mention here that the crocodile described by me (Proc. Acad. 1860,
550) as Mecistops bathyrhynchus, is the species identified by Dr. Gray
(Catal. Brit. Mus.) with the C. intermedins Graves; with the limited pub-
lished material as a basis, I have reached a different conclusion.

Chelopus punctularius, Emys punctularia Daud., E. scabra Bell, Gray,

Linnaeus (fide Agass.

At first sight, the female of this animal gives the impression of a Testudinid
form, with separate caudal plates, but an examination of the phalanges shows
their number to be that in the Emydidae, two for the longest digits, (exclusive of
ungueal,) instead of but one remaining upon the extinction of the proximal,
as in the former. The proximal phalanx is articulated somewhat, as in Cistudo,
but is shorter, and nearly excluded from a serial connection ; its proximal
glenoid cavity is superior, and near the distal condyle. The inferior projec-
tion of the proximal end gives the foot its angulated outline. The structure
is not unlike that in Chelopus muhlenbergii, and there are really more pha-
langes than in Cistudo, where the foot is longer ; the external digit behind
having two internal phalanges instead of but one. In similar manner the re-
duction of the penultimate phalanx in the parallel Sternothaerus, prepares us
for its absence in Pelomedusa*, the extreme of the Pleurodera in this direc-
tion, and representative of the Testudinidae. Podocnemys and Peltocephalus
imitate the Cheloniidae in their overarched temporal fossae, as observed by
Wagler, while intermediate forms are more or less similar to some Emydidae.
After a consideration of various osteological peculiarities, I incline to differ

•Which has not, I believe, been previously noticed.

1865.]

186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

from Agassiz, who mingles these types with those of Amydse, and to regard
the Testudinata as primarily divisible into three orders or suborders, Chelo-
nii, Amydse and Pleurodira.*

The name Chelopus Rafinesque has been recalled by Leconte, as identical
with Calcmys, Ag., to which Nanemys, Ag., must probably be united, and
which have been previously named Geoclemmys, by Gray. The present spe-
cies is in any case congeneric with G. annulata, Gray, which is of terres-
trial habit.

Pectoral plates normal, broad, sternum notched behind. Feet very short,
clubbed, quite as in the Testudhfidse, digits flattened above* last phalanges
only distinct, not webbed ; claws short, obtuse. Head very small, covered
with a smooth skin, without sub-divisions. Eyes lateral, with a transverse
depression between them ; muzzle short, nearly vertical, swollen above, nos-
trils anterior. Alveolar plate narrow, without median ridge, cutting edge
smooth, neither notched, hooked nor toothed at the symphysis. Mandible
broad. A strong zygomatic arch.

In a 9 specimen the dorsal region is elevated with a trace of a broad keel,
as in Cistudo, and the sides are steep. The outline is parallelogrammic,
rounded at the extremities. Posterior slope regularly oblique. Margin no-
where reflexed, posteriorly weakly serrate. Twenty-five subquadrate margi-
nals, the nuchal broad behind. Vertebrals, the four anterior of equal breadth,
the anterior pentagonal, the remainder hexagonal. All the plates concentri-
cally sulcate, with a slightly rugose areola. Inguinals very small ; sterno-
costal bridge very broad. Lobes of sternum short, free outlines, subquinque-
lateral. Large scales all round the forearm and foot, (seven rows anteriorly,
two rows of three each behind,) on the sole and heel only of the hind foot.
Above dark brown ; sternum black, bordered with yellow ; remaining under
surfaces yellow ; forelegs with a black stripe on ou'er edge. Top of head
black ; a narrow red band from behind and above the eye to the middle of the
neck, above and below which are black lines on a yellowish ground ; neck
below immaculate.

This species is more elongate than C. annulatus; anal and gular plates
larger; color of head and extremities different. It is nearer the C. areola-
tus,f A. Dum., but is even more testudiniform. The latter is less elevated,
the hind feet a little webbed ; the carapace more elongate and narrowed ante-
riorly ; the artist has given six vertebral shields ; the anterior lobe of the plas-
tron is considerably shorter.

One 9 specimen in the Smithsonian Museum, obtained in Yucatan by
Arthur Schott, naturalist to the Scientific Exploration of that country.

In a female from Tabasco the frontal depression is less marked and the
muzzle not quite so rounded. In a male from the same locality the muzzle
is elongate and the vertex and front fiat. This is evidently the E. scabra fi-
gured by Bell, agreeing with it in the superior position of the head bands, etc.,
thus differing from the allied dorsalis Gray, Spix. The carapace differs from
that of the Yucatan female in sexual characters, as the revolution of the
margins, but has a very small nuchal shield, and the first vertebral prolonged
between the marginals, while the former exhibits a short broad shield. This
is the only difference which cannot be regarded as sexual.

This, with the following seven species of Tortoises below enumerated, was
presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Berendt, who, during a resi-
dence at Tabasco, Mexico, devoted much attention to the natural products and
features of the country. He has furnished me with the following notes on the
Testudinata. The specimens are complete and of adult age.

The Chelopus punctularius is the Mojina of the natives of Tabasco.

" Mojina is often found tame in the houses, and attaches itself very much
to men. The very same specimen which I brought living with me, and left

* Vid. Proc. Acad. Phil., 18C4, 181.

t Suspectod by Agassiz to be thn Malacoelemuiys palustrisof North America.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 187

with Prof. Baird, I got from an Indian woman, living in a hut on the Tabas-
quillo River. I asked for turtles, when she said she had one, but it was in
the woods behind the house. She went to the door and called, 'Mohina,
Mohina !' and the turtle came out of the bushes to the house, and was sold to
me. I could never induce her to eat any thing for more than three months,
until I gave her, in Washington, some cherries, which she tried, and after-
warcfe commenced to eat. It was told me that the Mojina eats animal food (?)"

Ptychemys o r n a t a, Aga ss. et Bell.

" Hicotea " of the natives.
Dermatemys mavei, Gray. " Emys berardi, Dum."

Two specimens, eighteen inches long, of this remarkable species, agreeing
with Gray's figure, except in the single gular plate, and presence of a minute
gemmiform intergular plate, as in some Hydraspididae. This is the first in-
stance of the kind among the Emydidse, of which family this species presents
every character. Called Tortuga blanca.

" Hicotea and Tortuga live ou vegetable food, leaves, grass, and, principally,
the fruits of Tobillo (Spondias mombin) and Amate (a Ficus.) At the time
the amate is ripe, the tortugas are caught easily, and in numbers, under these
trees. They distingui? h in Tabasco three kinds of Tortuga : T. blanca, or del
rio, (white or river turtle ;) T. negra, or de popal, (black or swamp turtle,)
perhaps the same ; and T. de Chilapa, (a village,) or de Chichicaste, (a very
bitter Euphorbiacse, ) which I have not seen. It is not eaten, as the former
two are ; the flesh is bitter and of a bug smell ; their form is said to be not
elliptic, but nearly round. It is believed that they feed on chichicaste.
(Chichic is Mexican, and means bitter.)"

Prof. Poey has sent me from Cuba some living specimens of the Ptychemys
decussata, (Emys rugosa, Sagra, and Trachemys rugosa, Agass. = 9 fide Poey,)
whose habits contrast with those of the P. ornata and Dermatemys. They
devour flesh eagerly, but reject bread and vegetables, unless soaked with fresh
gravy, and dislike apples, the only fruit offered them,

Chelydra sp. Called Chiquihuau.

This variety is well marked, but that it will eventually be found to be a
different species seems very doubtful. In the single individual at my disposal,
the only peculiarity observable in the shell is the broader and shorter poste-
rior sternal lobe, which scarcely measures three-quarters the anterior, and has
not the gradual acumination of the ordinary variety. The axillary plates are-
only distinguishable upon close examination, owing to the obsolescence of the
sutures. The lateral processes of.the pubis are more than double the length of
the median ; in a specimen of the northern variety, the former are only a
little longer than the latter. The skin of the occiput and neck, instead of being
tuberculate, is furnished with numerous flexible dermal appendages, and one
side or angle of the warts on other regions of the skin is free. The large
scales of the row on the outside of the antebracliium are larger and almost
entirely free, forming a broad serrate dermal border. The caudal crest is not
so elevated as in the common form, but one large process being higher than
long. The color of all the under surfaces is very light.

Claudius a n g u s t a t u s, sp. nov.

Character gencricus. A single row of marginal plates. Plastron small, cru-
ciform, solid; hyo- and hyposternal bones connate, forming an exceedingly
slender bridge, which connects the plastron with the carapace, and is not cov-
ered by a corneous axillary plate, but by thin epidermis. No inguinal or gular
plates ; anals united. Carapace completely ossified, extending much beyond
plastron anteriorly and posteriorly, elevated and narrowed in front, neither
dilated nor steeply descending behind; vertebral line nearly plane. Verte-
bral neural segments eight, the last pair of costals meeting on the median
line, but separated from the small posterior marginal by a large penultimate

1865-]

188 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

shield. Anterior in contact with a very large anterior marginal, making to-
gether eleven vertebrals in an interrupted series.

' This interesting genus is nearest to Chelydra, though widely different ; its
general appearance and interrupted vertebral series approximate it to the Cino-
sternidse, especially Aroniochelys and Staurotypus s a 1 v i n i i,* Gray. Indeed
it only differs from the latter species in the immobility of the anterior lobe of
the sternum, and absence of inguinal and axillary plates, as well $s the
presence of the mesosternal bone, if the latter belong truly to the Cinosterni-
dsef. Claudius must be placed on the confines of the Emydidse in this direc-
tion, as Chelopus marks the extreme in the other.

Character specijicus. — Marginal scales all very narrow, especially anteriorly;
four lateral grooved ; nuchal very small, transverse. Anterior vertebral longest,
broad as long, posteriorly rounded, acuminate, in contact with second marginal.
Third and fourth vertebrals broader than long ; last narrowed above. Anterior
costal li the length of the third. Epidermoid layer rather thin, concentrically
ridged anteriorly and externally on the plates ; a median and lateral keel on
each side, all quite weak. Sternum rounded in front, acute behind, equal
portions before and behind the abdomino preanal suture. Abdominal three-
fifths of pectoro-gular plate. Above blackish brown, the plates paler medially,
below yellow, unspotted.

The head is disproportionately large, and of an elongate form, with narrow
postorbital arches ; baove plane, covered with a soft skin, except an oval
plate of horn on the top of the nose. Maxillary sheath hooked in front, and
with a sharp tooth below the anterior margin of each orbit ; edges sharp.
Mandible with a remarkably long symphyseal hook, which is received into a
correspondingly deep premaxillary pit. A pair of barbels ; skin of neck with-
out warts or appendages. Toes and claws rather slender, very fully webbed ;
tbe forearm with three anterior curved corneous ridges, and the heel with
four series. Tail (of 9 ) very short, without terminal claw, and with a double
dorsal row of skin warts.

Color blackish plumbeous, the inferior surfaces paler.

Called Talmame by the natives. Museum Smithsonian, 6518.

" Talmame lives in swamps, and digs itself in to a depth of two and three
feet ; eats small fish, crustaceans, snails, etc. Animal food I have found also
in the stomach of Chiquihuau, (entire ampullarias,) Huau and Pochitoque."

ritaurotypus triporcatus, Wagl.

Called by the natives Huau.

Travellers relate that the alligator is often killed by a turtle, which he
swallows alive, and which devours the intestines to get out. Heller (Reisen
iu Mexico, p. 313) says that he has seen a living turtle " of the genus Cynixis"
within a fresh-killed alligator. Waldeck, whose imaginatory power exceeds
far his observatory, says (in Voyage pittoresque) that he has found in every
killed alligator's stomach a living " Ticotea or potohitoque, which is the same
known in Egypt, (thirse,) and also the Testudo triunguis of Torskal." (!)

I have it from a number of different and reliable persons that they have
witnessed the fact ; either found a living Huau in the body of a dead alligator,
who was supposed to have run on shore and died, or even seen the Huau just
breaking out of the dead body of the alligator ; but never any other kind of
turtles ; only the Huau.

Huau has two very distinct voices ; one imitated in the name, a strong
expiration in the given vowels, not intoned with the larynx, but only with the
fauces and mouth, — and a squeak, like that of dry carriage wheels or of a
large door. The first seems an expression of anger, when teased ; the second
perhaps a call, as I heard them often when at night ; once alone in a corner
of my house ; never when male and female were near each other.

* Proe. Zool. Sob., Lond., 18t 4, 127.

fVid. Le Conto's system, Pr. A. N. S., 1854, 1S2.

["Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 189

Mohina has a soft, melancholy piping, which is rather touching when they
are killed."

Cinosternum leucostoniuui, Dume'ril. Arch, du Mus. 18, p.

The number of specimens of this species would indicate it to be the most
abundant. Called Pochitoque camatotl. The Mus. Smithsonian possesses
also a specimen from Turbo, in New Grenada, from the Michler Surveying Expe-
dition.

Cinosternum b e r e n d t i a n u m, sp. nov.

Most nearly allied to the preceding, agreeing with it in the contracted
rounded outline of the posterior lobe of the sternum, which fits the carapace
accurately, and is without emargination, in the large size of the caudal mar-
ginals, and the absence of lateral dorsal keels. , The carapace, though more
or less keeled, is more depressed tlrm in 1 e u c o s t o m u m, the outline rising
behind, and the fixed plastron has greater longitudinal breadth.

leucostomum. berendtianum.

Shorter than front, three- Middle plastron ; Longer than front, four-

fifths of hind lobe. fifths of hind lobe.

Rounded, without external Marginal bones ; Strongly angnlated.

angle ; a groove near

upper margin. First vertebral plate; Lanceolate rarely touch-
Equilateral, bordering sec- ing second marginal,
ond marginal.

Gular plate ; Two-fifths longer than

Long as remaining me- remaining median su-

dian suture. ture.

Broader. Last vertebral ; Narrower.

The shell is a very dark brown above ; below, a dark brownish yellow, with
reddish stains on the sutures, or over portions not touching the ground.
Length of carapace, 3 in. 9 1. ; of plastron, 3 in. 6 1. ; breadth of carapace,
2 in. 6 1. Mus. Smithsonian, No. 6,517-

Called in Tabasco, Pochitoque jaquactero and negro.

" I have heard of a third Cinosternum in Tabasco called Pochitoque huau-
gito, (the little huau, ) which is said to be smaller than the leucosternum, and
lias the same three longitudinal keels as the Huau on the upper shell." Berendt.
Probably the C. shavianum (mexicanum, Lee, fide Agass.)

" Tortugas, Hicoteas, Mohinas and Pochitoques are generally eaten in Ta-
basco. The Staurotypus is considered good enough for the Indians, who like
it much, but it is despised by the whites. I had«it cooked, and found it better
than the Derm itemys. The flesh is reddish when boiled.

" I was told that, in Tabasco, Staurotypus and Dermatemys lay their eggs in,
November and December ; Hicotea in February ; Pochitoque in March and April.

" Staurotypus lays 10 to 30 eggs ; Dermatemys, 20 eggs ; Hicotea, 12 to 15
eggs ; the Mojina, Pochitoque and Talmame, only a few."

On the etymological character of the native names, Dr. Berendt states as
follows : —

"In Tabasco come together three languages of entirely different families ;
the principal language is the Chontal, closely related to the Tzendal (Chiapas)
and belonging to the Maya family, — the Zoque to the South, and the Mexican
to the West. We find, consequently, a great mixture of languages in names
of natural objects ; besides those names introduced by the Spaniards, eithe.r
from the Spanish or from the West Indian language, (Haiti, Cuba, ) and ap-
plied to the same or similar things found on the continent

" Huau is Maya. (' Uauu— unos <ja dpagos b tortugas de agua dulce.'1 — fresh.-
water turtles.)

" Chiquihuau. Chic is maya, —means flea, (jumping Huau.)
1865.] 13

190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

" Hicotea or Scotea is 'turtle' in the Haitian language.

" Tortuga blanca, white turtle, (is Spanish.)

" Pochitoque or Puchitoque seems Maya. Pitch is bark, and tok flint.

" P. Jaguactero. Jaguacte is a palm tree, (a Bactris,) standing in thick
groups in low swamps, which are called jaguacteros.

" P. chato. Chato is Spanish ; means short or upturned nose.

" Talmame, perhaps Talmeme, (a corruption of Tlameme, a Mexican word,)
means ' carriers.'

" Mohina is Spanish, (anger, sadness,) though I do not see why applied to
this turtle."

Pliocercus d i m i d i a t u s.

Tail two-fifths the total length, urosteges 120, nearly equal in number to the
gastrosteges — 127. Scales in seventeen rows, the median scarcely narrowed.
Head very distinct, flat, muzzle truncate. Top of rostral shield round, curved
back on the upper plane. Internasals very small ; lateral borders of frontal
(vertical) nearly parallel, a little shorter than anterior. Occipitals large.
Temporals, 1 very narrow, 1 pentagonal, 2. Loreal nearly a rhomb lower
than postnasal ; preoculars three, upper not reaching froatal, lower cut from
labial. Superior labials nine, fifth and sixth entering orbit: postoculars two,
superior in contact with occipital only. Nine inferior labials, sixth largest ;
geneials equal. Teeth equal.

Red, crossed by fourteen black rings on the body, and eight and a part on
the tail. These are separated by nearly equal spaces below, and rather nar-
rower (3.} scales) above. A black space involves the nape to the tips of the
occipital and last upper labial plates and all the last lower, and does not cross
the jugulum. The remainder of the head above black, except the anterior
part of the frontal and the first second and third superior labial shields.
Lower labials bordering anterior geneials, with mental, black.

From Arriba, Costa Rica. Sent by Chas. N. Riotte, correspondent of the
Smithsonian Institute: Mus. No. 6363.

The species of this genus now known are four, — viz. :

Two pra oculars ; dentition isodont ; scutella near 143-)-85. Color of Elaps
lemniscatus type, red with black wings in threes separated by yellow.
P. elapoides m. Elapochrus deppei Pet. Liophis (Cosmiosophis) tricinc-

tus Jan.

One preocular; dentition diacranterian ; scutella near 130-f97. Color of
the E. corallinus type, red with simple numerous black rings.
P aequalis Salvin. P. Z. S., 1863.

Three prseoculars ; dentition isodont; scutella 129+120; color of the E.
type, few approximated black rings on red ground.
P. dimidiatus m.

Two prseoculars ; dentition isodont ; scutella near 138+46. Color of the E.
langsdorflii type ; broad contiguous equal black rings, leaving but lines of the
red ground.
P. euryzonus m. Liophis {Cosmioaojilih) splendens Jan. Coronellida?

Arch. p. 1. Zoologia Modena, 1863.

Tropidoclonium storerioides.

. Size small, form not slender, muzzle obtuse ; in general similar to Storeria
d e k a y i. Scales fifteen rows ; the inferior row only smooth, much broader
than the others, which are narrowest medially. Scales of tail strongly
■ keeled, in six rows. Nasals not elongate, usually entirely, sometimes half
separated. Loreal trapezoidal touching the decurved postfrontals by the supe-
rior angle only, its hinder suture shortest, sometimes entering the orbit pos-
teriorly between the two preoculars ; of the latter, the inferior is the smaller.
Postoculars three ; in contact with one broad temporal, which separates two

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 191

labials from the occipital. Superior labials seven, or six from confluence of
two, sometimes of the third and fourth which bound the orbit. Inferior
labials seven, fourth largest ; postgeneial equal pregeneial, separated by
scales. Vertical shield longer than broad, outlines straight, posterior angle
less than right ; occipitals nearly as long as from their border to rostrals,
emarginate behind. Gastrosteges 126, 1—1 urosteges forty pair. Color olive
brown (one specimen light brown), with dense, minute punctulations above
and below, and about fifty-four light-edged black cross-bars extending over
six rows of scales, alternating with shorter ones on the sides : both are
broken into spots on the neck, whore there is a large postoccipital blotch on
each side»

Length of rictus of mouth, 4 lines ; of head and body, 10 inches, 9 lines ;
of tail, 2 inches, 8 lines.

Habitat. — Mexican plateau between the eastern range and the valley of
Mexico. Sent by our correspondent, Dr. Ch. Sartorius.

Ancistrodon bilineatus, Gthr. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1863, 364.

Fine specimens in Mus. Smithsonian from Western Mexico, from Guadal-
axara and Colima, from our correspondents, I. I. Major and Jno. Xantus. The
species nearest our A. contortrix.

Crotalus r a v u s.

Twenty-three rows of scales, all keeled, except the exterior ; keels of the
median thick. Head broad in front, canthus rostralis and muzzle rounded,
the latter elevated. Rostral abruptly acuminate ; both pairs of fiontals
broader than long ; occipitals well developed, their outer portion cut off
wholly or in part by a suture. Temporal scales all smooth. Pit separated
from labials by a series of small scales ; one row between the former and
orbit. Superior labials eleven and twelve, last eight nearly equal ; in-
feriors, twelve and thirteen ; gastrosteges, 147, urosteges, 26. Color yel-
lowish brown, with from twenty-six to thirty-one elongate deep brown
narrow parallelogramic spots, four scales long to five wide, and a series
of as many short transverse bars on the sides opposite them : a series of
thrice the number of small spots on the inferior rows of scales. Belly yel-
lowish, thickly varied with blackish brown. Tail yellow brown, with but
two proxrmal cross-bars. Head pale, similar, without spots or marks, except
a minute punctulation. A brown anteriorly furcate nuohal spot.

Length of rictus, 5.7 lines; of head and body, 7 inches, 6 lines: of tail,
10.2 lines.

Hub. — Table land of Mexico.

The specimens in the Mus. Smithsonian are young : the species is, no
doubt, small, and nearer C. miliarius than any other.

Caudisona polysticta.

The species which I call by this name reminds, at first sight, of the
Bothriechis mexicanus, and the head markings resemble those Of the
South American Trigonocephalus alternatus. The pattern of color is, how-
ever, more broken than in either, and represents a new type in the genus.

The superciliary plates are normal ; the rostral higher than broad, acu-
minate ; two marginals between them, the anterior pair linear , separated by a
small plate, the posterior broad oval, separated by two rather narrow plates.
Three between the superciliaries, the outer large. Two nasals, two loreals,
one above the other. Superior labials fourteen, separated from the orbit by
two rows of smooth scales ; inferior labials thirteen ; temporals smooth.
Rows of scales twenty-seven, all keeled, except the outer two. Gastrostega
123, urostega 19, the first only divided. Crepitaculum slender, acuminate,
delicate for the size of the animal; joints eleven. The color above is later-
ally gray brown, medially yellowish brown, marked by seven longitudinal
1865.]

192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

*

series of brownish black spots. These alternate ; the inferior involves the
tips of the gastrosteges ; the median embraces the largest spots, eight and
nine scales wide, which are occasionally subdivided, the halves alternating.
The tail is brown, crossed by three pairs of dark brown bars. Lips pale,
with a spot below the pit, and one from behind the eye to near the canthus
of the mouth. A dark band convex forwards extends between the eyes, and
is continued below the eye nearly to the labial border. A pair of blackish
bands form a V-shaped figure, the limbs diverging over the temples, each
followed by a spot : two small round spots in the angle of the V, and a
broad divergent band from the occiput on each side of the nape. Below pale,
each scute with a broad basal border of blackish spots and punctulations.

Length of rictus of mouth, 11 lines ; breadth between eyes 5 lines*; length
of tail, 15J lines; of rattle, 13 lines; total, 23 inches, 9 lines.

Habitat. — Table Land, Mexico.

In the related C. triseriata, there are twenty-three rows of scales, a
broader front, and different coloration.

Laemanctus alticoronatus.

Posterior outline of cephalic casque nearly vertical ; its lateral borders
ascending from the parietal plane, and furnished with six corneous processes
or horn-like scales on each side (each once or twice constricted). Two scales
on canthus rostralis ; two between them and labials, and two between nasal
and orbit. Nine upper labials, ten lower, infralabials broad as long, nearly
smooth. Four between second labials. Scales all keeled, fifty-one in a ring
round the body, dorsals a little larger than laterals, scarcely smaller than
ventrals. A few elevated vertebral scales on nape and interscapular region,
the latter equal dorsal scales ; no further crest. Four pairs of supranasal
plates, posterior largest, lateral parietal much larger than median. Forelimb
extends from wrist to nostril ; posterior limb heel to neck fold. General
color chestnut, with five deep brown dorsal cross-bars (last sacral) and a nar-
row yellow band from loreal region to groin, bounded above, from orbit to
tympanum, by black and chestnut. Muzzle and front above, with lower sur-
faces "emerald to pale malachite" (Schott), limbs scarcely banded, darker ;
lumbar and inguinal regions yellow.

End of muzzle to end of casque, 14.2 lines ; anterior limb, 22.8 lines ;
axilla, 18.8 lines ; throat to top of casque, 9.2 lines ; vent, 3 inches, 4.5 lines;
vent to end of tail, 11 inches, 8 lines ; vent to end of hind limb, 3 inches,
4.5 lines.

Habitat. — Yucatan, near Merida. Collected by Arthur Schott, naturalist
of the Comision Cientifica de Yucatan, under authority of D. Jose Salazar
Starregui, Governor of that country.

Called Yaxtoloo Maya, Coll. No. 308. Nearly allied to L. s e r r a t u s.
Cope, Pr. A. N. S., 1864, p. 176.

Sphaerodactylus g 1 a u c u s.

Dorsal scales very small, but flat, rounded, smooth ; about ninety series
round the body ; abdominals larger, rounded, about forty-four rows from
vent to axilla, continued larger on under side of tail (not reproduced in this
specimen). Labials 4, three scales bordering mental. Supraorbital mucro

present, orbit equal from its border to, or little beyond, nostril ; muzzle and
front gradually acuminate. Auricular meatus smaller than digital pallette.
Above light brown, "greenish stone color or glaucus " in life, with minute
paler spots and dark vermiculations ; below whitish. Tail in life orange,
more intense toward tip; in spirits with two yellow black-edged spots near
tip, and one on each side the origin. Limbs and digits annulated with yel-
low, black bordered.

Muzzle to axilla, 5.5 lines ; Muzzle to vent, 11.6 lines ; vent to end of tail,
10.4 lines.

[Oct

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 193

Habitat. — Near Merida, Yucatan. Coll. Couiision Cientifica under Arthur
Schott.

Allied to the c i n e r e u s and sputator, and somewhat intermediate be-
tween them. The second from Mexico.

Pharyngodon petasatus.

Char. Gen. — Fam. Hylidse. No fronto-parietal fontanelle ; prefrontals exten-
sively in contact anteriorly, developed into an angulated preorbital crest.
Corium entirely involved in the ossification of the cranial bones, to which
the epidermis is closely adherent. Tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth pre-
sent, a longitudinal series on the paraaphenoid bone, tongue round, but little
free. Digits normal, the posterior webbed.

This genus is strictly a member of the Hylidae, as lately defined,* and
allied to Trachycephalus ; the character in which it differs from that genus,
and which is unique in the whole order of Salientia, is the presence of a
longitudinal series of teeth on the parasphenoid bone. If this point is unique,
the physiognomy of the animal is equally so, its profile resembling that of Aeto-
batis, or some allied genus, more than anything else in the animal kingdom.
This results from the extraordinary development of the canthus rostralis,
which forms a transverse wing entirely across the muzzle, and prominent
angular process in front of and continuous with the superciliary border ; and
the more excessive prolongation of the angular outline of the maxillary and
premaxillary bones. The latter projects in a more convex arc than the out-
line of the former, and as far beyond the mouth as the external nostrils are
in advance of a line connecting the orbits. The mouth is, therefore, very in-
ferior, its margin being a little behind the opening of the aforesaid nares.
The outlines of the muzzle are recurved and serrate, leaving the loreal region
as a gutter, overhung by the canthus rostralis. Straight sutural grooves out-
line all the bones of the cranium, as in Trachycephalus scutigerus,
leaving the ethmoid plate nearly an obliquely placed square. The border of
the cranial casque is a straight line just behind the tympanum, elevated, con-
tinuous, and serrulate. A strong ridge passes over the tympanum and joins
on bordering the orbit. Supercilia much elevated, eyes large, directed
nearly forward, protected behind by a large development of the united
palpebral, the opening about three times the size of the tympanum. Between
supercilia proper equal from occipital crest to union of canthus rostralis ;
from latter to premaxillary border, one half the same. Breadth between
maxillary ridges at canthus oris less than length of casque, and three and a
half times into total length. Vomerine teeth in two rounded ridges nearer
each other than to the nares, and behind posterior border of latter. Para-
sphenoid series simple, as long as from nostrils to premaxillary border.

Abdominal areolae wanting on breast and gula, but extending on pre-
brachial and lateral regions, otherwise nearly smooth. Tibia half the length
to orbit ; foot rather short, digits stout, web measuring three-fifths of the
longest. Fingers free, stout ; dilations not broad.

Above ashen olive, with many irregular brown spots ; external surfaces of
limbs barred with the same. Head blackish, with white punctulations.
Below uniform ashy white.

Length of cranium, 12.1 lines ; of body from casque, 24.2 lines ; from ax-
illa to wrist, 10.1 lines; of hand, 8 lines; femur, 12 lines ; tibia, 14 lines;
foot, 19.3 lines.

Habitat. — The vicinity of Merida, Yucatan. A 9 specimen, No. 363 of
the collection made by authority of Jose Salazar Starregui, Governor of
Yucatan, by Arthur Schott, Naturalist of the Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.

According to the notes of Arthur Schott, this animal was taken from a hole
in the rocky wall of the Cenote Pamanche, on the new road to Progreso.

* Nat. Ilist. Review, London, 1865, p. 108.

1865.]

194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

It is interesting that an animal living in rocky situations should present
such a singular cranial bony development : this, in connection with its colors,
no doubt, aids especially in concealment, and is another instance of the Crea-
tor's bountiful care for his humblest creatures.

It will be useful here to present a synopsis of the genera of Hylidae.

I. No Frontoparietal fontanelle.

a. Cranium above connate with a dermoossifica-
tion ; prefrontals in contact.

A series of parasphenoid teeth ; no dorsal pouch Pharyngodon.

No parasphenoid teeth ; ho dorsal pouch Trachycephalus.

No parasphenoids, a dorsal dermal pouch Opisthodelphys.

eta. No cranial derinoossification.

/?. A dorsal dermal pouch.
Toes slightly webbed Nototrema.

0/3. No dorsal pouch.

y. Prefrontals united by suture.

Two longitudinal cranial carina? ; no gland Osteocephalus.

No carinae ; a parotoid covering head and back Scytopis.

No carinse or parotoid; prefontals large Acrodytes.

yy. Prefrontals small, separated by ethmoid.
No keels or glands ; ?a coccygeal diapopbysis Dryomelictes, g.n.*

II. A frontoparietal fontanelle.

a. Posterior digits free, opposable, two and three.

Parotoid glands present ; tongue elongate free Phyllomedusa.

m. Posterior digits on same plane not opposable.
(J. Posterior digits webbed, prefrontals separated

by the large ethmoid plate.
y. Brain case and fontanelle broad ; superior eth-
moid plate broad ; inner finger not opposite to
the others,
ef. An elongate acuminate flat postorbital process
of the frontoparietal bone.

Formstout Smilisca,f 9- >(•

cfef. No postorbital process.
Tongue elongate, extensively free ; inferior palpebra

reticulate with white fibres : vomerine teeth Agalychnis.

Tongue short, attached or little free ; palpebra usually

transparent; vomerine teeth Hyla.

Tongue short ; palpebra transparent ; no vomerine

teeth Hylella.

Tongue extensively free ; dilatations minute, palmation

extensive behind ; vomerine teeth Acris.

yy. Brain case and ethmoid elongate, fontanelle
narrow ; inner finger opposed to the others.

Tongue slightly free Litoria.

/?/?. Posterior digits free.
Superior ethmoid plate osseous ; prefrontal bones sepa-
rated Chorophilus.

Superior ethmoid plate cartilaginous, the prefrontals

developed, in contact medially Thoropa.

Hyla gracilipes.

Tonvue elongate, free one-third its length. Inferior palpebra not veined.

* Type Hyla nurantiaca auctorum.

t S d aulinia, sp. nov. This species I only know from a skeleton in the private anatomical
museum of llyrtl, Professor of Anatomy in the University of Vienna. The head is a little broader
than long; the interorbital width greater than from external nares to orbit ; vomerine teeth in
short transverse series; general form similar to the Acrodytes venulosus.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

195

Fingers elongate, free ; toes webbed at base only, remarkably elongate, tbe
foot from tarsus a Utile longer than tbe tibia, and equal from axilla to middle
of origin of femur, the width of head. Head flat, longer than broad, eyes
little prominent, one-half tympanic disc ; canthus rostralis little concave.
Body elongate, skin entirely smooth above : vomerine teeth in two almost
connate fasciculi which present a convexity to each narial opening and pos-
teriory where they are opposite the hind outline of the latter. Sacral
diapophyses much dilated, presenting a prolongation posteriorly.

Length of fore limb, 9 lines ; posterior limb, 24.4 lines ; from end of muz-
zle to behind tympanum, 4.4 lines; muzzle to vent, 15 lines.

Color above, bright leek green, with a brown band from the nostril through
the tympanum to the middle of the side, white-bordered above ; and a short
band on each side the ilium, white-bordered. Femora not spotted behind ;
limbs not cross-banded. Upper lip with a brown border ; its green becoming
yellow under the tympanum. Below whitish.

Habitat. — Mexican table land, north-east of city of Mexico.

A species near in technical characters to the ewingii, r.egilla, and
squirella, but abundantly distinct from all, in its sacrum, feet, head, etc.

Hyla stau fferi.

Tongue rounded, a border only free ; a large gular vocal vesicle ; vomerine
teeth in fasciculi between nares, which are a little larger than the choanse.
Digits all short, with pallettes large ; the anterior free, the posterior short,
the palmation measuring half the length of the longest digit. The heel
extends to in front of orbit. Head plane, depressed, muzzle very prominent,
rounded. .Outline from above elongate oval, canthus rostralis weak, straight,
lores flat, oblique.

Length of orbit equals frontal width. Skin of sides rugulose, otherwise
smooth above ; no appendages. Mizzle to rictus oris, 4 lines ; anterior limb,
6.4 lines ; muzzle to vent, 11.7 lines ; posterior limb, 17.1 lines.

Color above dark olive, with a short longitudinal black bar over each scapula,
and one from eye to eye, with a trace along the coccyx. Below yellowish,
deeper to brown on the extremities. Upper lip olive, sending a pale line to
near axilla, sides minutely varied with dorsal and ventral tints.

Habitat. — Orizava, Mexico. Obtained by Prof. T. Sumichrast.

The species sent from Orizava by Prof. Sumichrast to the Smithsonian
Institution are : —

Spelerpes chiropterus.

Geotriton carbonarius.

Hyla baudinii.

Hyla staufferi.

Hyla mio tympanum.

Hylodes conspicillatus.

Bufo valliceps (nebulifer, Gird.)

Ran a sp.

Sceloporus.

Sceloperus.

Sceloporus.

Anolis nanno lea.

Corythaeolus cristatus (Thysanodacty-
lus, Gray, Dracontura, Hallow.)

Gerrhonotus gramineus.

Diploglossus steindachneri.

Oligosoma gemmingeri.

Catostoma semidoliatum.

Ninia collaris.

Ninia diademata.

Coniophanes fissidens ( Glaj hi rophis
lateralis, Jan Elenco.)

Spilotes poeeilonotus.

Atropus uudulatus.

Hemidactylium pacificum.

This species is of some interest, inasmuch as our native species of this genus
has hitherto been the only representative of its form. It differs from this in its
uniform brown color above and below, and in some more important points.
Vertebrse and costal folds between axilla and groin, seventeen, the latter not
prolonged dorsally, as in the scutatum. Head oval, elongate, lip rounded,
eyes large, prominent, longitudinal diameter longer than length of muzzle.
Muzzle to humerus, half length from latter to groin. Tongue elongate oval ;

1865.]

196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

sphenoid teeth approaching near to the short oblique series of vomerines.
Fore limb to orbit, hind limb scarcely longer, reaching the eight fold from
behind. The inner digit on both extremities is so short, as to render the
numbers almost 3-3. Tail elongate, slender subcylindrical. Gular fold
represented by a line.

Length of head to angle of mouth 2*5 lines. Breadth of head behind eyes
2 lines. Froni muzzle to humerus 5 lines. From muzzle to groin 16*5 lines.
Length of tail 17 lines. Length of posterior limb 3-5.

Hub. -Santa Barbara, on the coast of Southern California. Sent to the
Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Hays.

Spelerpes cephalicus.

With the present addition to the Batrachian fauna of tropical America, it is
appropriate to enumerate the salamanders so far known from this region. They
are mostly natives of the mountainous sections, or of that elevated plateau
which presents us with most of the northern forms found in Mexico.
Geotriton* carbonarius, Cope, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1860, 373. North

Eastern Mexico.
Geotriton adspersus, Peters, Monatsber. Acad. Berlin, 1863, 468. Bogota,

New Grenada.
Spelerpes cephalicus, sp. nov. Table Land, Mexico.
Spelerpes orculus, sp. nov. Table Land, Mexico.
Spelerpes chiropterus, Cope, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1S63, p. 54. North Eastern

Mexico.
Spelerpes bellii, Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus., 46, 1850. Cope, 1. c, 1860, 372.

North Eastern Mexico.
Spelerpes lineolus, sp. nov. Table Land, Mexico.

The form of the present species is more that of Amblystoma o p a c n m, and
is the shortest and stoutest seen in th% genus. Muzzle rounded, truncate,
with obtuse angles at the nares, its length from line connecting anterior can-
thus oculorum equal length of eyte. Distance between these canthus equal
from hinder canthus to nares. Breadth behind orbits equal length of tibia
and foot. Muzzle to axilla equal | distance from axilla to groin. Costal folds
(i. e., dorsal and lumbar vtsrtebrae) eleven. Tail swollen, little compressed,
constricted at base. Posterior limb stout, extending to sixth fold from be-
hind ; toes flat, depressed, margined, inner very rudimental. Inner and
outer digit of anterior limb similar ; the longest extend to the middle of
the orbit. Series of vomerine teeth nearly straight, not in contact. A post
gular fold. Skin everywhere finely wrinkled. Color dull black, paler on the
sides : lips and gular region minutely marbled with ashen.

Length of rictus oris 2-75 lines. Length to axilla 6'8 lines. Length to
groin 16 lines. Length of tail 15 lines. Length of hind limb 5*2 lines.
Habitat. — Mexican Table Lands, Dr. C. Sartorius.

Spelerpes orculus.

Form like that of S. chiropterus, (the inner digits being similarly ru-
dimental; but stouter, a body of equal length being thicker, and the head and
neck longer and larger ; the lip is not angularly truncate, and the color is uni-
form black. Costal folds eleven. Head elongate, broader behind ; muzzle
rounded, truncate, lip rounded ; eyes little prominent ; length of orbit equal
from orbit to nostril, and greater than between their anterior canthi. Ante-
rior digits to middle of orbit ; posterior extends to the sixth from the groin.
Tail' compressed, flat above. The digits are all short and flattened, not pal-
mate. Series of vomeiiue teeth very oblique, in contact medially. Postgular
fold distinct.

From end of muzzle to postgular fold 3-8 lines. From end of muzzle to ax-

*The genus recently named, by Du Bocage, Chioglossa, 1*. Z ?., 1S64, p. 204, appears to be not
different from Neurergus, Cope, Pr. A. N. S., 1862, 343.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

197

ilia 5*4 lines. From end of mu#zle to groin 13 • 9 lines,
of tail 21 "1 lines. Length of hind limb 4'4 lines.
Habitat. — Mexican Table Land, Dr. C. Sartorius.

From groin to end

Spelerpes 1 i n e o 1 u s.

The species has the general form of Batrachoseps attenuatus, but, as
the number of digits is as in Spelerpes, I retain it for the present in that ge-
nus. Form very slender ; fourteen costal folds from femur to axilla, the first
at the femur. Muzzle short, rather thick, regularly rounded ; eye large, di-
ameter equals frontal width between middle supercilia, longer than length of
muzzle. A delicate linear supraoccipital crest on the cranium. Limbs very
small, each extending backwards or forwards over but two costal folds. Digits
obtuse, rudimental ; no web. Tail compressed, slightly flattened above and
below, two and a half times length of body. Head to axilla a little less than
half from axilla to groin.- A delicate postgular fold. Color, above and below,
uniform glossy black.

Length from end^f muzzle to rictus oris 1*4 lines. Length from end of
muzzle to axilla S-SWines. Length from axilla to groin 8*2 lines. Length
from groin to end of tail 20 "4 lines. Length of anterior limb 1-2 lines. Length
of posterior limb 1-5 lines.

Habitat. — Table Land of Mexico. Dr. Chas. Sartorius.

The species sent by Dr. Sartorius to the Smithsonian Institute, are as fol-
lows :

From near Vera Cruz. From Table Land and Southern Mount-

Spelerpes chiropterus, s. n.

Spelerpes bellii

Geotriton carbonarius.

Hyla miotympanum, s. n.

Hyla baudinii.

Rana, sp.

Sceloporus.

Sceloporus.

Laeninnctus longipes,

Corythaeolus vittatus.

Anolis biporcatus.

Gerrhonotus tessellatus.

Ameiva undulata.

Boa eques.

Catostoma semidoliatum.

Tantilla miniata, s. n.

Stenorhina ventralis.

Ophibolus polyzonus, (Coronella for-

mosa, Schleg.,) s. n.
Diadophis ?stictogenys, (D. texensis,

Kenn.)
Ninia collaris.
Ninia diademata.
Che'sodromus liebmanni.
Thamnophis, sp.
Spilotes auribundus,t s. n.

ains.
Siredon, sp.

Spelerpes cephalicus, s. n.
Spelerpes orculus, s. n.
Spelerpes lineolus, s. n.
Hyla gracilipes, s. n.
Hyla miotympanum, var.
Rana ruontezuni3e*(Miex icana, Ruppel.)
Sceloporus.
Sceloporus.
Sceloporus.
Anolis biporcatus.
Gerrhonotus.
Ameiva.
Ameiva.
Plistodon lynxe.
Catostoma semidoliatum.
Catostoma chalybaeum.
Tantilla.

Ophibolus micropholis.
Rkadinsea decorata.
Pliocercus elapoides.
Thamnophis.
Thamnophis.

Tropidoclonium storerioides, s. n.
Arizona deppei, {lineaticollis, Cope.)
Drymobius margaritiferus.

* The species from Natal, supposed by me toba R. mascariensis, from Natal, Pr. Acad. Phil.,
1862, 340 is very different, and may be called it s p i n i d a c t y 1 a.

t The so-called diacranterian and allied genus Stegonotus, D. B., has but a slight development of
the posterior tooth, and might be as well considered coryphodont. Giiuther's Lidaphis is identi-
cal.

1865.]

198 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Tropidodipsas sartorii, (Leptognathus Himaotodes cenchoa.

dumerili, Jan Elenco,) s. n. Elaps, sp.

.Sibon septentrionale et var. Trigonocephaly atrox.

Himantodes leucomelas, s. n. Crotalus ravus, s. n.

Elaps elegans. Caudisona polysticta, s. n.
Trigonocephaly atrox.
Bothriechis mexicanus.

A Contribution to a Knowledge of the DELPHINIDJ2.
BY E. D. COPE.

Thirty specimens of species of this family at my disposal indicate twenty-
two species, of which ten are in the Museum of the Academy. They are :

Monodon monocerus. Specimens from Drs. Hayes and Kane; the
latter complete.

Beluga c a t o d o n . Three complete skeletons, from Drs. Kane and Hayes.

Phocaena, undetermined. 0

Globicephalus intermedins Gray, Harlan. Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., 1829,
51 ; Gray, Catalogue B. Mus.

One specimen from Cape Cod, Mass , kiDdly lent me from the Mus. Salem,
Mass., (No. 223,) through my friend F. W. Putnam, indicates a form differing
little from the European G. m e las, or Pilot Whale.

The muzzl.e from the maxillary notch is longer, and the premaxillaries a
little narrower on its terminal two-thirds than represented by Cuvier's plate
(Ossemens Fo?siles 222), or Gray's measurements of the me las. Like the
m e 1 a s, it is characterized by the straightness of the plane between the fora-
men magnum and the supraoccipital crest, by the large exposure of the vomer
to beyond the maxillary notch, and of the inner portion of the maxillaries
from the nasal meatus to opposite the notch. The concavity of the cranium
at this point is 1 in. 4 1. below the plane connecting maxillary alue at the
notch, and the intermaxillaries fall very much out of view, except on the
terminal half of the mu/zle.

In this specimen the supraoccipital crest and spine and the protuberance
of the nasal bones are remarkably developed ; and the palatines and ptery-
goids regularly rounded and without angle in section.

In. Lines.

Length from end of muzzle to occipital condyle 24 6

" " to maxillary notch 13 6

" " " to occipital crest.... 22 4

" from occipital crest to foramen magnum 6 2

Breadth of muzzle at middle 7 2

" " at notch 9 3

" of premaxillaries at front of blow hole 6 4

between orbits 15 4

" , " temporal crests ' 11

Elevation of nasals above maxillary plate 2 6

Teeth 9or]0

?
Orca meridionalis Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, 420.

A muzzle and jaws of this formidable tyrant of the Australian seas are in
the Mus. Salem, Mass., unfortunately without locality. The specimens in its
museum are derived from the merchant vessels which trade between that port
and various parts of the world.

The form is massive, and agrees closely with the description and figure
above cited ; the end of the muzzle is perhaps a little more arched. The out-
line is more acuminate and the intermaxillaries broader, the mandibular rami

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 199

are narrower, and the end of the muzzle more prolonged into an edentulous
beak than appears in Prof. Reinhardt's figure, in his memoir on Orea eras-
si d e n s.

The triangle extends to opposite the posterior tooth ; the premaxillaries
below, to opposite the third from behind. At the latter point the width of
the intermaxillaries is double the width from their border to the plane of that
of the maxillaries, and it increases from that point to the end of the muzzle,
where they are rugose and decurved. Teeth JL, very strong, cylindrical, and
incurved, except the posterior superior, whicn is weak and straighter.

W In. Lines-
Breadth of muzzle at notch 8

" at fifth tooth 6 6

" at anterior tooth 3

Length from notch 12 8-8

of ramus maudibuli from condyle 20

of series of mandibular teeth 9 8

" gonys 3 7

Depth of ramus behind last tooth 2 9

" " at coronoid process •. 5 5

Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus Gray.

One cranium Mus. Academy, loc. unknown, with long styloid process and
deciduous maxillary teeth. • m

Iu Lines.

Length from end of muzzle to occipital condyle 13 8

" " to supraoccipital crest :. 11 6-8

" " " to maxillary notch.... 6 11

" of temporal fossa 2 8

" of styloid bone 3 1-8

Breadth at middle of muzzle ." 2 7

" at notch 3 10

of nasal meatus 2 1-4

between postorbital processes 7 8

" " temporal ridges " 6 5-8

Teeth 27

?

Delphinus tursio, Fab. A half grown specimen, judging from the dis-
tinctness of the epiphyses. Though differing in various points from the
description of Cuvier, the most exact we possess, the peculiarities can be
mostly ascribed to immaturity. The specimen is complete, and is supposed,
with some degree of probability, to have been taken on our coast.

Breadth of muzzle at notch, two and one-sixth times its length ; latter dis-
tance, five-ninths total length of cranium. Occiput fuller in profile than in
Cuvier's figure, and considerably broader when viewed from above : this
breadth enters length of cranium two and one-sixth times. Parasphenoid alas
not excessively prominent. Vertebra C. 7, D. 11, L. 22, to first pierced laterally;
C. 13. Eleven pairs of ribs. Cuvier gives D. 13, L. & C. 3S, and thirteen
pairs of ribs. It is evident that six vertebrae have not been lost from our
specimen, though some may be wanting, and possibly one pair of ribs : the
limit of variation in this respect among the dolphins is not known.

Compared with Cuvier's figure, the diapophyses of the atlas are narrower and
more acuminate, and the superior and inferior processes of the fifth cervical
verteba-a less developed and convergent. The dorsal diapophyses are thinner,
and destitute of a marked anterior ridge. In the twelfth caudal the chevron
bone is as large as the neural spine in profile. The anterior sternal piece is
less emarginate and not laterally projecting in our specimen: the nosterior

* K. Danske vid. Selskab. Forhandl. 1862, 101.

1865.]

200 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

piece is cartilaginous, with the anterior fourth alone ossified. The trifling
differences in the scapula would probably vanish with age, as the less extent
of the superior and supero-anterior outline. Teeth acute, incurved.

Length from end of muzzle to notch 9 in.

" (straight) from end of muzzle to occ. condyle ;. 17 "

" " " atlas to last dorsal 14-25 in.

" " " " " caudal 40 in.

" of anterior limb 9-75 in.

" of scapula ! 6-5 "

Height of " % 4-5 "

Breadth of occiput between temporal crests 7 in.

" muzzle at notch 4 "

" " middle 2-75 in.

Other characters are apparent in the following comparison :

A. Palate without lateral grooves : teeth 53.
Premaxillaries forming an elevated, rounded ridge tursio.

B. Palate do. : teeth 34—42.

a. Outline from foramen magnum to frontal crest

nearly straight.

Diameter of temporal fossa, made longer than preorbital

process ; muzzle flat ; paroccipital most curved outward

and developed ; width of muzzle at notch two and a half

times in length clymene.

aa. Outline from foramen to crest curved, cranium
rounded ; temporal fossa much longer than pre-
orbital process.
Occiput rounded, broad ; paroccipital well developed ; tri-
angle to tooth line. Muzzle shorter, 2J its width at
notch, flat at the end, premaxillaries" a high ridge me-
dially doris.

Occiput rounded ; paroccipital ala strongly curved outwards ;
width of flat muzzle at notch two and a half times in

length. Triangle short styx.

Occiput elevated ; paroccipital ala very little developed ;
muzzle flat, narrow ; width at notch nearly three times

in length; triangle long asthenops, var.

Occiput broad, subtruncate, prominent behind the temporal
fossae ; width of muzzle at nqtch two and a half times or
less in length ; frontal regions broader — otherwise as last, asthenops.
a.aa. Supraoccipital rounded in profile ; diameter of tem-
poral fossa shorter than preorbital process.
Muzzle very flat, 2£ times breadth at notch ; a keel in front

of nasal meatus crot aphis c us.

C. Palate do. : teeth 48—54.

Muzzle ridged by the elevated premaxillary bones ; width at
the notch one-fourth the length ; triangle short ; occiput
rounded; teeth below 49—51 mi crops.

D. Palate with deep lateral grooves.
Teeth ^ | ; occiput rounded ; premaxillaries forming an ele-
vated angular ridge, subtrigonal in section ; paroccipital

little developed. Smaller nasal meatus delphis? var.

Teeth 37 — 42 ; occiput short, rounded ; breadth of muzzle to
length as 1 : 2§ ; premaxillaries forming a rounded ridge.

Larger nasal meatus delphis.

The form of the fossa of the orbitospheuoid which is overhung by the plate

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 201

of the maxillary, appears to coincide to some extent with other peculiarities
of the species. It appears under the following modifications :

a. Deep, enclosed, so as to be a blind canal ;
D. doris, clymene.

/?. Shallower, open, but strongly marked ;
D. s ty x, Delphinapterus peronii, D. delphis, (less marked.)

y. Very shallow, little marked ;
D. asthenops et var., microps, crotaphiscus.

Delphinus doris Gray, Catal. Brit. Mus. Zool. Erebus, Terror tab.

One specimen, habitat unknown, from the Museum at Salem, Mass., agrees
closely with Gray's indications, with, however, a shorter occiput than repre-
sented in his figure. The triangle is marked with numerous curved grooves
which converge, and are convex, backwards. The cranium is quite as heavy
as that of the t u r s i o. The sella turcica is more strongly marked than in
the other species, and the processus olivaris much more prominent and solid.
The basioccipital is not grooved for the medulla oblongata ; the paroccipital
alae are well developed. The glenoid cavity sends a groove upwards on the
inner border of the squamosal process, but its inner border is not pro-
longed into an extended lamina towards the sphenoid bounding the periotic
elements in front, as in the Delphinapterus. The palatines have not the
strong external ridge seen in the latter and the D. crotaphiscus. Teeth

3 5* , i-

in. lines

Length from end of muzzle to convexity of occ. condyle. 16 4

" •« " notch 9 9

" from notch to middle of occipital crest 5 4

" ofgonys 1 11

Width at notch 4

" at postorbital processes 7 10

" between temporal crests 6 5

Delphinus clymene, Gray, Cat. Cetac, p. 115. Zool. Ereb. & Terror, 39.

That this species is an inhabitant of the coasts of the United States, is proven
by the specimen in the Museum of the Academy from off New Jersey, pre-
sented by John Krider, of this city. Its peculiarly flat occiput distinguishes
the cranium at once from that of its congeners ; in other respects it is not un-
like the s t y x of our collection.

Length of muzzle to notch 11*25 in.

From end of muzzle to foramen magnum 18

Length of gonys 1*5

" from notch of muzzle to foramen magnum 6-25

" " foramen magnum to occipital crest 4

Breadth between temporal ridges 6*5

" " angles of mandible 3-87

" at notch of muzzle 4*25

Delphinus styx, Gray, 1. c. 117. Zool. E. T., pi. 21.

One cranium, Morton collection. Habitat unknown.

Length from end of muzzle to notch 10 in.

" " notch (straight) to foramen magnum 7 "

" " " to occipital crest 5 "

" ofgonys 1*75 in.

Breadth at notch of muzzle 4*25 "

" between temporal ridges (straight) 6*75 "

" " angles of mandible 3*50 "

Delphinus asthenops, sp. nov.

Two crania of this species before me are light and rather slender, though

1865.]

202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

less so than those of the D. euphrosyne and rniorops. The muzzle,
though convex in section, is more depressed than in any of the other species,
especially opposite the posterior extremity of the dental series. The acumi-
nate basal triangle extends an inch or more beyond this point. The prernax-
illaries are in one specimen quite continuous with the surface of the maxil-
laries ; in the other specimen, a slight groove marks the suture. The blow-
holes are rather small, and the nasal bones prominent. The breadth and de-
pression of the occipital region is the most striking feature. The temporal crests
are as. far apart as one-half the length of the muzzle measured in front of the
blow-holes, (in the variety b^low it enters two and two-fifth times,) and the
outline of the occiput between them nearly transverse. Its breadth is more
than double the height of the occipital crest above the foramen magnum, (one-
half in the variety.)" The frontal bones are broad and large ; the width at the
blow-holes enters the length of muzzle from the same point one and three-
fifth times ; in the variety very nearly twice. These differences are not
greater than occur in human skulls, yet it is probable that in a state of nature
they accompany other differences, which are together preserved isolated, indi-
cating the existence of species. The gutter between the occipital condyles is
narrow. In one specimen (596) the anterior basi-occipital suture is but little
concave; in the second, (595,) its sphenoid portion is a little distance be-
hind its pterygoid, while in the variety (499) the sphenoid encroaches
much more upon the occipital. In the latter, the supraoccipital crest is
slightly developed ; in asthenops, (595,) a larger individual, it is more
so, though slight ; in 596, neither it nor the temporal crest exist. In this the
muzzle is a little shorter ; it is evidently a younger individual of a larger
specimen than the variety. The following measurements will explain their
other features :

595 596

Length from notch to occipital condyle 5J in. 5| in.

" " " to middle supraoccipital crest... 4| " 4| "

" " " to end of muzzle 9i " 9 "

Width of muzzle at notch 3 , (j in. 3T<j in.

" " at middle 2 If "

" between outlines of frontal expansion 6f " 65 *"

" " temporal crests 5f " 5£ "

" across blow-holes If " lj

Length of gonys 1|

m ..I • 3 6 42

Teeth ? 42

The above measurements are to be understood as made in right lines. The
muzzle of the asthenops is less elongate, with the premaxillaries much
more depressed than Dr. Gray represents to be the case in his D. euphro-
' syne, (Zool. Ereb. and Terror, t. 22.) and the number of the teeth is con-
siderably less than in his D. a 1 0 p e. The habitat is not known.

The cranium representing the variety above mentioned may really belong
to another species. It differs from the e u p h r o s y n e in the longer triangle,
muzzle, and gonys, (and smaller number of teeth). It differs from our speci-
men of the styx in the smaller size, obsolete orbitosphenoid fossa, longer
triangle, and longer gonys. The last measures four-fifths of the width at the
notch : in the styx one-half or less. Habitat unknown ; from the Morton Coll.

499

Length from notch to occipital condyle 5| in.

" " " middle of supraoccipital crest 4§

<(

" " " endofmuzzle 9^'

13 K

Width of muzzle at notch 3g

" " middle 1| "

" between outlines of frontal expansions 5| '

" " temporal crests 5

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 203

Width across nasal meatus If in.

Length of gonys 2£ "

Teeth §|

Delphinus crotaphiscus sp. nov.

This species belongs to the same group as the styx, euphrosyne, (?)
and asthenops, resembling most especially the last. Its prominent fea-
tures are the flat muzzle, with carina in front of the blow-holes, the very small
temporal fossa, and the shallow trace on each side of the roof of the mouth,
of the groove so prominent in the delphis group.

The paroccipital aire are moderately developed. The glenoid cavity sends
no gutter on the inner border of the squamosal process, but its inner margin
is produced into a lamina, which is weaker than in the Delphinapterus. Pala-
tines terminating next the orbitosphenoids in a free keel, and with a strong
lateral keel. Occiput broad, rounded, short. Basioceipital groove and sella
turcica shallow ; corpus olivare represented by a transverse ridge. Triangle
extending beyond the line of posterior teeth.

Tn. Line?.

Length from end of muzzle to occipital condyle 16

" " " to notch 10

" of gonys 2

Breadth at notch , 3 9

" at middle of muzzle 2 1*5

" at postorbital process '. 7 7

" between temporal crests 5 c

Teeth 4 2

4 3

Habitat. — Unknown. -Mus. Salem, Mass. E. W. Putnam.

Delphinus microps, Gray, 1. c, p. 126. Zool. E. T., pi. 25.

Two crania, resembling closely Gray's figure quoted, differ from the pre-
ceding as given in the table, and in the shorter basal premaxillary triangle.
The premaxillary ridge is strong, rounded, and the surface not at all con-
tinuous with that of the maxillaries. Proportions as follows :

♦ 537 S94

Length from notch to occipital condyle 6 in. ,5-75 in.

" " " middle of supraoccipital crest... 4.3 in. 4-5 "

" " " end of muzzle lOf " 10*75"

Width of muzzle at notch 3 " 3 "

" " middle 1-75 " If "

" between outlines of frontal expansion 6 " 6 "

" of temporal crests 5 " 4-5 "

" across blow-holes 1| " 1-5 "

Length of gonys 2| " 2 "

Delphinus an sp. nov. ? vel delphis, varietas.

A single skull, from the Morton collection, stated to have been brought from
the Indian Ocean ; is very near those of the delphis, but has smaller nasal
meatus and heavier proportions than our specimens of the latter. It resembles
rather the cranium of the D. fulvivittatus, Lesson, figured in Voy. d.
1' Astrolabe et Zel6, in the nearly equal width of the muzzle ; but the temporal
fossa is elongate in the direction of the axis of the skull, as in most species,
and not vertical to it. The D. brevimanus, Lesson, 1. c, differs in the
much more prominent occiput and the smaller number of teeth. The cranium
ofD. novaezelandiae is not described. In D. s a o the palatal grooves are
much shorter. General proportions as follows :

Length from notch to occipital crest 5 in. 3 1.

" " " end of muzzle 10" 9 1.

" ofgonys : 1" 101.

1865]

204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Breadth between temporal crests 5 in. 3 1.

" " frontal borders 6" 9 1.

" of nasal meatus 1" 101.

" of muzzle at notch 3 " 7 1.

middle 2 "

Teeth ||

Delphinus d e 1 p h i s.

In four specimens (two from Mus. Salem,) the teeth vary within the above
tabulated range, and have the length of muzzle from notch three times the
breadth at latter point. The intermaxillaries form an elevated ridge. One
specimen probably from the British seas.

Steno frontatus Gray ex Cuvier.

A fine specimen from Mus. Salem (No. 102,) differs from the figure in Osse-

mens Fossiles in that the contraction of the muzzle takes place behind the

middle of its length, instead of in front of it, and the prominence of the nasal

bones marks nearly the middle of the orbit instead of falling a short distance

behind the postorbital process. Dimensions as follows :

In. Lines.,

From end of symphysis mandibuli to convexity of occip. condyle... 21

Length of symphysis 5 3

" of ramus 16 6

End of muzzle to palatal notch 13 10

" " to preorbital notch 12

Width at " " 4 3

" of palate at first tooth 3 3

" " ninth tooth - 1 8

" between temporal crests 5 8

" of nasal meatus 2 3

" at postorbital processes 8 5

Teeth incurved, fang compressed |J

Habitat. — Unknown.

Platanista gangetioa. •

Mus. Academy. Morton Coll.

On the Species of GALEKUCA and allied Genera inhabiting North America.
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

Some of the species mentioned in the present paper are of interest in an
economical view, being quite injurious to cultivated plants. Others will pro-
bably be found more or less injurious, as the advance of civilization in the
western territories will from time to time enable them to substitute for their
indigenous food plants useful to man.

Confusion exists in regard to the nomenclature of our species, not only
because some of the most abundant have remained undescribed, but also for
the reason that those already known have not been properly referred to the
genera recognised in other parts of the globe ; nor have definitions of the genera
yet been given in any American work.

With a view of supplying the information thus needed, and enabling those
interested in economic entomology to work with more effect by having the
objects distinctly defined by characters and names, I have here endeavored to
give in a brief synoptic form the distinctive marks of the Galerucse and allied
genera contained in my collection.

The tribe Galerucini (Galerucidse of authors) consists of those Chryso-
melidje having the antennae inserted upon the front, generally closely approxi-
mate, long and slender ; the anterior coxce prominent and conical, generally

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 205

contiguous, (separated by a very narrow prosternal prolongation only in
Malacosoma;) the margin of the body not foliaceous, and the last joint
of the tarsi extending beyond the lobes of the third joint. Lacordaire (Mon.
Col., subpent. i., li.) states that the ungues are always appendiculate, but in
several of the genera they are cleft, and in the new genus Monoxia they
are quite simple and acute.

The group of genera which will now occupy our attention is distinguished
by the hind thighs not being thickened. They do not therefore possess the
power of leaping which is observed in Haltica and its allies.

I have not recognized the following species :

Galeruca dors at a Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii. 456 ; ed. Lee, ii. 221.

Galeruca puncticollis Say, ibid., iii. 458; ed. Lee, ii. 222. Perhaps
a species of Monoxia.

Galeruca f u r c a t a Oliv., vide Cerotoma.

Galeruca atomaria Fabr., Syst. El., i. 490. Carolina; probably a
species of Monoxia.

Galeruca salicis Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii. 31. Maine, on
willow ; probably a species of Monoxia.

Galeruca femoralis Meis., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii. 161. Ap-
pears to be a specimen of the European G. c a pr e se , and has, like several
others in the Melsheiiner collection, been erroneously regarded as native.

The genera represented in our fauna may be thus tabulated :

I. Claws with a broad basal dilatation :

Antennae with the 1st joint very long, and the third

longer than the 4th Cerotoma.

Antenme with the 1st joint moderate :

Front coxae separated by prosternum Malacosoma.

Front coxae contiguous :

Elytra not margined at the sides Phyllobrotica.

Elytra distinctly margined :

Epipleura not extending to the tip :

Last joint of maxillary palpi small, subulate Phyllecthris.

Last joint of maxillary palpi conical, acute Luperus.

Epipleurae extending to the tip :

Upper margin of epipleurae thick, obtuse Agelastica.

Upper margin of epipleurae very sharp, prominent Gastrogyna, n.g.

II. Claws cleft or acutely toothed :

Tibiae with a deep groove on the outer side Ccelomera.

Tibiae not sulcate externally :

Front carinated between the antennae Diabrotiea.

Front flat, with a median impressed line :

Epipleurae extending to the tip , , Galeruca.

Epipleurae not extending to the tip Trirhabda, n.g.

III. Claws acute, usually entire Monoxia, n.g.

CEROTOMA Chevr.

The greater length of the first joint of the antennae easily distinguishes this
from the other genera. The body is rather robust and convex, glabrous
above, with the thorax not impressed, and the epipleurae well defined, ex-
tending nearly to the tip of the elytra, which are finely punctured. Erichson
(Wiegm. Arch. 1847) describes the ungues as bifid ; they are, however, appen-
diculate in our species.

1. C. c a m i ne a Dej., Cat. 403. Crioceris caminea Fabr., Syst. El., i. 459.
Galeruca cam. Oliv., Ent. vi. 656, (No. 93, 72,) pi. 5, f. 73.

Southern, Middle and Western States ; varies with the elytra destitute of
the usual marking, the suture and scutellar region alone being dusky.

1865.] 14

208 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

2. C. furcata Dej., Cat. 403. Galeruca furc. Oliv., Ent. vi. 643, (No.
93, 48,) pi. 3, f. 50.

Unknown to rne. Olivier mentions the locality as doubtful, and describes
the thorax as having a transverse impression. I think that the reference to
the present genus is therefore incorrect, and that Dejean probably had in view
a variety of C. c a na i n e a , in wnich all the spots except the apical one were
confluent.

MALACOSOMA Rosenhauer.
Easily distinguished from the other genera by the prosternum being pro-
• longed between the front coxae, which are thus separated by a narrow interval.
The first joint of the antenna? is moderate, the 2d one-half as long as the 3d,
which is equal to the 4th. The body is elongated, convex, glabrous, and
nearly smooth above ; the epipleurae are well defined, and extend the length
of the elytra.

1. M. fuscula, fusca, vel fusco-testacea, subnitida, thorace convexo,
quadrato, ad basin rotundato medio subemarginato, angulis posticis parvis
prominulis, disco alutaceo, parce subtiliter punctulato, elytris fere obsolete
punctulatis. Long, "12 — *15.

Pennsylvania, Illinois and Kansas. The head is marked between the eyes
with two curved deeply-impressed lines, which limit small tubercles ; in front
of them, and between the antennae is a short elevated ridge ; the space before
the antennae is uneven, but scarcely punctured. Antennae half as long as the
body. Palpi darker at the tip. Thorax quadrate, scarcely wider than its
length, sides converging slightly in front, apex truncate, anterior angles
rounded, base broadly rounded, slightly emarginate at the middle, hind angles
small, laterally prominent ; disc convex, transversely impressed near the base,
finely shagreened with very small scattered punctures. Elytra wider than
the thorax, and about four times as long, sides parallel ; transversely convex,
vaguely impressed near the base, surface not very shining, feebly and almost
obsoletely punctulate, without brilliant reflexions. Beneath colored as above.
In the male the 5th ventral segment is excavated, and furnished with a large,
flat appendage, which is broadly and obtusely truncate at tip, and projects
over the 6th segment. In two specimens (males) from Illinois the thorax is
vaguely channelled.

2. M. tincta, testacea, nitida, elytris punctulatis, viridi-cyaneo suffusis,
sutura margineque anguste testaceis. Long. *12 — -15.

Two specimens from Quincy, Illinois, given me by Mr. Willcox. This
species is of the same form and size as the preceding, but differs by the elytra
being distinctly but finely punctured, with a beautiful bluish-green gloss,
which fades insensibly into testaceous at the suture and margin.

The 5th ventral segment of the male is deeply emarginate, and the process
is narrow and acute, instead of broad and truncate, as in M. fuscula.

PHYLLOBROT1CA Redtenbacher.

Among the genera with the claws dilated at the base into a broad tooth,
this will be easily known by the side margin of the elytra being entirely
wanting ; the epipleurae are consequently not defined. The body is elongate,
k glabrous and nearly smooth above, the thorax quadrate, truncate in front.
The antennae are moderately long, with the 2d joint about half as long as the
3d, which is equal to the 4th. The maxillary palpi are stout, with the last
joint conical, as long as the preceding.

1. P. decorata Lee, Say'a, Ent. writings, ii. 203. Galleruca dec. Say,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci Phila., iii. 459 ; ed. Lee. 1. cit. Gall. Olivieri Kirby,
P'auna Bor. Am. iv. 218.

Canada, Lake Superior, Illinois ; rare. In the male, the 5th ventral seg-
ment is very large, canaliculate, deeply excavated behind, with a small testa-

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 207

ceous triangular appendage projecting over the 6th segment. The disc of the
thorax is not impressed. The reference by Kirby of Haltica 4-maculata
Oliv., Ent. vi. 673, pi. 1, f. 6, to this species, is more than doubtful.

2. P. discoidea Dej., Cat. 405. GaUeruca disc. Fabr., Syst. EL, ii. 485.
Gall, circumdata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii. 457 ; ed. Lee. ii. 221.
Var. G. limbata, Fabr., Syst., El. ii. 486.

Throughout the Atlantic States and Canada. Both Fabricius and Say
describe the antennas as black ; the basal joints are quite frequently yellow,
and I have specimens in which the antennae are yellow and slightly fuscous
towards the tip. The color also varies, the head and thorax in one specimen
being black, and the under surface dark testaceous varied with piceous, the
thighs blackish, -the tibia and base of tarsi testaceous. The thorax has a broad
transverse discoidal impression, which is sometimes disposed to divide into
two.

In the male, the 5th ventral segment is very large, very deeply excavated,
with a small elevated ridge in front of the excavation ; the 6th is deeply exca-
vated ; the smaller males from Canada also have the antennae quite sensibly
thickened externally.

A singularly-colored specimen, collected in Kentucky, was given me by
Mr. J. Ph. Wild. The head is black, with the front and mouth pale yellow.
The thorax is bright yellow, the elytra black, with the sutural, lateral and
apical margin yellow, and a small humeral vitta extending one-fourth the
length of the elytra ; the abdomen is black both above and beneath, ventral
segments margined with piceous, the tip yellow ; the feet are bright yellow*
with the tarsi black.

3. Ph. viridipennis. Diabrotica virid. Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1859, 81.

Fort Tejon, Cal. ; Mr. Xantus. A beautiful species, having the thorax
strongly impressed. The 5th ventral segment of the male is excavated for its
almost entire surface, and is neither channelled nor carirated.

4. Ph. luperina, nigra, thorace laevi quadrato, utrinque vage impresso,
elytris cyaneis, parce subtiliter punctatis, antennis testaceis extrorsum infus-
catis, pedibus ilavis, femoribus piceo maculatis. Long. -26.

One specimen, collected at San Mateo, Cal., given me by Mr. A. Agassiz.
The discoidal impression of the thorax is vague, and scarcely extends to the
middle, so that it appears to be divided into two. This insect closely re-
sembles in appearance a Luperus.

PHYLLECHTHRUS pej.

Body elongate, glabrous and nearly smooth above. Head transversely im-
pressed between the eyes, and with a short median impressed line ; acutely
carinate between the antennae, which are very long ; 2d and 3d joints together
shorter than the 4th, nearly equal in size in the female, 2d connate with the
3d, and nearly obsolete in the male. Maxillary palpi stout, the last joint
shorter than the preceding, slender, subulate, acute at tip. Prothorax quad-
rate, truncate at the apex, with a lunate dorsal impression more or less dis-
tinct. Elytra with the lateral margin distinct, epipleurae very narrow, not
extending to the tip. Anterior coxae conical, contiguous ; legs slender, tibiae
not sulcate externally, middle tibiae of the male incised at the extremity on
the inner margin ; ungues with a large angular basal dilatation. Abdomen
with five ventral segments nearly equal in length and alike in both sexes.

I have adopted the generic name proposed in Dejean's Catalogue for Gall,
dorsalis Oliv.

1. Ph. atriventris. Gall, atriventris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
iii. 461; (ed. Lee, ii. 224.)

1865.]

208 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

I found this species quite abundant near the Arkansas Rivet, below Bent's
Fort. Say states that it lives on Amorpha fruticosa. It differs from the
next by the head and thorax being entirely yellow, with the impression of the
latter tolerably deep, as in Phyllobrotica decorata.

2. Ph. dor sal i s Dej., Cat. 406. Galleruca dors. Oliv., Ent. vi. 646, (No.
93, 52,) pi. 4, f. 54.

Two specimens from Kansas ; is also found in the Southern States. Of the
eanie size, form and sculpture as the preceding, but the discoidal impression
of the thorax is very faint, and it is marked with two black vittse, which
sometimes unite along the anterior margin, thus causing the anterior part of
the thorax to become blackish ; the tibiae and tarsi are entirely black.

3. Ph. gentilis, elongatus, nitidus flavo-testaceus, supra laevis, thorace
quadrato, dorso vage transversim impresso, vittis duabus latis nigris ornato,
elytris nigris, sutura margine laterali apicalique anguste navis : antennis
fuscis, articulis 4 et 5 testaceis. Long. "15.

Three specimens ; Georgia. A very pretty little species, easily distinguished
by the characters given above. The discoidal impression of the thorax is
faint ; the under surface of the body is yellow, with the last ventral segment
of the abdomen fuscous. The legs are entirely yellow. The sexual characters
are as in the two preceding species.

LUPERUS Geoffr.

The species of this genus as now restricted will be readily recognised by
the e'ongate form, the quadrate thorax, without discoidal impression, and
the epipleurae moderately wide at base, not extending to the tip of the elytra.
The body is glabrous, shining and nearly smooth above. The antennae are
11-jointed in both sexes ; the 2d joint is shorter than the 3d, but the latter is
not equal to the 4th. The maxillary palpi are rather slender, with the last
joint as long as the preceding, gradually narrowed to the tip, which is
rounded. The thorax is truncate at the apex, slightly rounded on the sides,
nearly truncate at base, with the hind angles acute and laterally prominent.
The front coxae are conical and contiguous ; the legs are slender, the tibiae not
Bulcate externally, and the ungues have a broad acute basal dilatation.

In the males the antennae are a little longer than in the females, and the
5th ventral segment is broadly impressed and truncate at the tip.

Our species may be distinguished as follows : —

A. Prothorax yellow :

Yellow, elytra black, pectus and abdomen fuscous 1. thoracicus.

Yellow, occiput, base of elytra and transverse spot behind

the middle fuscous, pectus black 2. fibulatus.

Yellow, elytra with suture and submarginal vitta black.. 3. bivittatus.
Blue shining, prothorax yellow, post pectus black 4. flavicollis.

B. Body uniform in color.

*Hind angles of prothorax not prominent, but acute :

Prothorax sparsely punctulate, hind angles not prominent:

Legs entirely black 5. smaragdulus.

Legs varied with testaceous 0. v a r i p e s.

Prothorax convex nearly smooth :

Legs varied with yellow ... 7. c y a n e 1 1 u s.

**Hind angles of thorax acute, dentiform.
Thorax wider than long :

Elytra smooth, legs yellow 8. r u f ipes.

Elytra punctulate, thighs varied with black 9. m e r a c a.

Thorax longer than wide, legs black 10. 1 o n g u 1 u s.

*** Hind angles of thorax obtuse :
Body entirely black, elytra punctulate 11. morulas.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 209

1. L. thoracic us. Calomicrus thor. Mels., Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. iii. 162.
Pennsylvania, Georgia, Kansas ; rare. Somewhat less elongated than the

other species, and resembling in appearance Haltica collaris Fabr. The
second and third joints of the autennae united are longer than the fourth ; the
elytra are black, slightly bronzed, and strongly but finely punctured. The
thorax is transverse, of a pale yellow color.

2. L. fibulatus. Galleruca Jib. Germ., Ins Nov. 601; IGall. 4-notata
Oliv., Ent. vi. 665 (No. 93, 89) ; pi. 5, f. 90.

A specimen from Pennsylvania, given me by Dr. Melsheimer. It agrees
perfectly with the figure and description of Olivier above cited, but the local-
ity as given by him is Java. The type was contained in Bosc's collection,
which contained many United States species, and it is quite possible that the
locality became confused.

Germar does not mention that the occiput is dark-colored; otherwise, his
description applies to the specimen before me.

3. L. bivittatus. Phyllobrotica biv. Lee, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.,
1859, 81.

California ; first collected by Mr. Xantus at Fort Tejon.

4. L. flavicollis. Phyllobrotica fiav. Lee, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.,
1859, 81.

Also found at Fort Tejon, Gal., by Mr. Xantus. The sexual characters are
as in the following species.

5. L. smaragdinus Lee, Proo. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1859, 286.
Capes Reyes and Mendocino, California ; Mr. G Davidson. Differs from

the next by the less densely punctulate thorax, and entirely black legs.

6. L. varipes Lee, Report Pac. R. R. Expl., p. 69.
San Francisco, California ; not rare.

7. L. cyanellus, elongatus, supra cyaneus nitidus, thorace lati-
tudine breviore, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis rectis haud prominu-
lis, disco convexo punctulis paucis fere obsoletis versus latera impressis,
elytris parce fere obsolete punctulatis ; subtus niger, pedibus flavis, antennis
fuscis articulis 4 primis flavis. Long. *15 — -20.

Western States ; Michigan, Illinois. Differs from the two following by the
brighter color, and by the thorax being broader than its length, with the
hind angles not prominent. The antenna? and feet vary in color, the thighs
being sometimes marked with a black line ; and the antennae being sometimes
entirely yellow.

8. L. rufipes Zee, Col. Kansas and New Mexico (Smithsonian Contr., )
p. 27.

Santa Fe, N. Mexico ; collected by Mr. Fendler. Of the same size and color
as L. m e r a c a, but differs by the elytra being obsoletely punctulate, and the
feet uniform yellow. The sides of the thorax are less rounded, the front
angles not at all prominent, and the hind ones not so dentiform.

9. L. m e r a c a. Galleruca mer. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., v. 299 ;
ed. Lee. ii. 344.

Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, Georgia ; not rare. The anterior angles of
the thorax are acute, the hind ones dentiform, the elytra finely punctulate, the
antennae uniformly yellow, and the feet yellow, with the thighs more or less
varied with piceous.

10. L. longulus Lee, Report on Pacific R. R. Expl., p. 69.

One specimen, Oregon. Narrower than the preceding species ; the thorax
is longer than wide, with the front angles not prominent, the hind angles
dentiform, and the disc finely and sparsely punctulate each side and at the
1865.]

210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

base ; the elytra are scarcely punctulate ; the antennae and feet are entirely
black.

11. L. morulus, elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, quadrate-, angulis omnibus subrectis baud proniinulis, disco obsolete
parce punctulato, utrinque versus latera leviter impresso, elytris thorace
latioribus, parce fere obsolete punctulatis ; antennarum articulo 3io 2ndo vix
longiore, conjunctis 4to asqualibus. Long. -4.

Texas ; I owe three specimens to the liberality of Mr. Ulke. This species
differs from all the preceding by the third joint of the antennae being scarcely
longer than the second, and both united are not longer than the fourth. I
infer from European works that it represents the genus Calomicrus
Stephens, of which Redtenbacher observes, that he finds no difference between
it and Luperus, except the equality of the second and third joints of the
antennae in the former.

In the three specimens before me, the ventral segments 1 — 4 are nearly
equal in length, and the fifth is much longer, marked with two distant deeply
impressed lines extending from tbe hind margin nearly to the base of the
segment. The antennae are more than two-thirds the length of the body, and
I consider them all as males.

AGELASTICA. Redt.

The body in this genus is ovate and convex, resembling in form 0 e d i o n y-
chis among the allies of Haltica. The head is deeply channelled between
the eyes, and the usual transverse siuuated line is faint ; the front between
the antennae is scarcely elevated. The antennae are rather long and stout,
with the second joint half as long as the first, the third is a little longer than
the second, and both together are longer than the fourth. The maxillary
palpi are very stout, the last joint is shorter than the preceding, conical,
scarcely longer than its width at base. Prothorax transverse, broadly
emarginate in front, and rounded at base, with the angles not prominent.
The disc is marked each side with a deep excavation. Elytra convex, dilated
behind, obtusely rounded at tip, marked with two foveae at base ; epipleuras
distinctly defined, extending to the tip ; lateral margin thick and obtuse
toward the tip. Anterior coxae conical, prominent, contiguous ; tibiae not
sulcate externally, ungues with a broad angular basal dilatation.

The characters of this genus are not very well defined, but its more robust
form and stronger sculpture will enable it to be readily distinguished.

1. A. hale ns is, rufo-testacea, occipite cyaneo, thorace transverso nitido,
utrinque profunde excavato. elytris laete cyaneis, fortiter licet subtiliter
punctatis, autennis nigris, pedibus rufis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigro-piceis.
Long. -20 — -28.

Redt. Faun. Austr. 2d ed. 930. Chrysomela hal. Linn. G. nigricornis
Panz., &c.

Two specimens of this common European species were given me as col-
lected at Farinington, Connecticut, by Mr. Edward Norton.

GASTROGYNA Lee.

Body different in form in the two sexes, above glabrous, nearly smooth.
Head with a short medial impressed line between the eyes ; front before the
antennae transversely broadly impressed, labrum large, not emarginate.
Maxillary palpi slender, last joint longer than the preceding, pointed at tip.
Antennae long and rather stout, second joint one-third as long as the first,
third somewhat shorter than the fourth ; eyes small, rounded, not very promi-
nent. Prothorax transverse, truncate in front and behind, sides nearly
straight, front angles prominent, but rounded at tip, hind angles- not promi-
nent, slightly obtuse. Elytra elongate and parallel in the male, wider

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 211

than the thorax, flat and broadly separately rounded at the tip in the female ;
punctured in both sexes, with the lateral margin acute, and the epipleurae
well defined, extending nearly to the tip. Anterior coxae prominent, conical,
contiguous ; tibiae not sulcate externally, tarsi with the last joint as long as
the first, ungues wi'h a large obtusely rounded basal dilatation.

In the male, the antennae are as long as the elytra, which extend a little
beyond the abdomen ; wings perfect.

In the female, the antennae extend to the tips of the elytra, but the abdo-
men is enormously inflated, and more than twice the length of the elytra ;
wings wanting.

1. G. insolita. Diabfolicaf insolita Lee , Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phil.,
1861, 338.

Cape San Lucas, Lower California ; Mr. Xantus. The head, thorax and
elytra are muddy yellow ; the elytra distinctly punctured, with a humeral
spot, and another behind the middle black ; the scutellum, tibiae, tarsi, palpi
and antennae are black, the thighs testaceous, the postpectus and abdomen
blackish piceous.

CCELOMERA Chevr.

Erichson (Wiegm. Arch., 1S47) desires to restrict this genus to those
species in which the anteunal joints 5 — 10 are much shorter than the 4th. A
more valuable character appears to me to be the deep groove on the outer
face of the tibia?, which distinguishes this from all the other genera repre-
sented in our fauna. The maxillary palpi are rather stout, with the last
joint as long as the preceding, but narrower, subconical, and rounded at the
tip. The claws are cleft, with the inner part shorter, but as broad as the
outer, and acute at tip. The epipleurae are very narrow, and do not extend
to the tip. The body above is glabrous and nearly smooth.

1. C coryli. %Galleruca cor. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 3, 455;
ed. Lee. ii. 220.

Middle, Western States, a~d Kansas. Mentioned by Say as feeding on
hazel bushes. I have never collected this species, but have received it from
several friends. It is easily known by its large size, pale color, with broad
basal and subapical bands of a bluish black color on the elytra. The elytra
of the male are parallel at the sides, those of the female are considerably
dilated from the base for two-thirds the length, then obtusely rounded. In
the only male before me, the elytra are longer than the abdomen, and the
extremity is longitudinally compressed and elevated ; this is probably an
individual deformity. The last ventral segment is deeply cleft in the male,
but less so in the female.

Specimens occur with the dark bands badly defined, and sometimes
entirely wanting.

DIABROTICA Chevr.

This genus contains small species, with elongate body, glabrous above,
and generally nearly smooth, though sometimes with deep elytral striae. The
head is marked with a deep transverse impression, or a large fovea, between
the eyes, and the front is strongly carinated. The maxillary palpi are not
very stout, the last joint is conical, acute, and somewhat shorter than the
preceding (but scarcely subulate, as described by Erichson, Wiegm. Arch.,
1847). The antennae are moderately long, the third joint is sometimes equal
to the second, sometimes longer, but both united are not longer than the
fourth. The thorax is sometimes even, sometimes deeply impressed each
side of the middle. The elytra are sometimes elongate and parallel, some-
times convex and ovate ; the epipleurae are well defined, but do not extend to
the tip. The legs are slender, the tibiae not sulcate externally, the claws .
cleft, the inner part nearly equal to the upper one.

1865.]

212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Our species can be arranged in four natural groups, of which the fourth
seems to be equivalent to the European genus Rhapidopalpus Iiosenh.

A. Thorax without distinct impression, third" joint of

antennae longer than the second. (Group 1.)

Elytra yellow, with three broad hands and apex

black 1. tricincta.

Elytra with two transverse bands, and two poste-
rior spots on each, brown 2. connexa.

B. The third joint of antenna? equal to the second :

a. Elytra not striate ; thorax with two faint impres-

sions. (Group 2.)
Elytra with twelve large black spots

Abdomen and base of thighs yellow 3. 12-p u n c t a t a.

Abdomen and legs entirely black 4. sorer.

Elytra with twelve small black spots 5. ten el la.

Elytra with transverse pale green bands 6. balteata.

b. Thorax with two very deep impressions :

*Elytra deeply striate. (Group 3.)
Elytra pale, with suture and submarginal vitta
black :

Knees and tarsi black 7. vittata.

Legs black, femora pale at tho base 8. trivittata.

**Elytra carinate'towards the sides. (Group 4.)
Greenish yellow, elytra strongly punctured and

subsulcate 9. longicornis.

Black, elytra sparsely punctulate, prothorax yel-
low or black 10. atripennis.

1. D. tricincta Lee, Say's Ent. ii. 222. GaHerucq trie. Say, Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. iii. 457; ed. Lee. ii. 221.

Abundant along the Arkansas river, near the mountains : a specimen was
sent me from Arizona, by Dr. B. J. D. Irwin, TJ. S. A.

2. D. connexa, rufo-fiava, nitida, capite fusco, elytris postice latioribus,
convexis, basi, fascia transversa ad medium, guttisqueutrinque posticis duabus
rufo-fuscis, fascia basali et mediali vitta angusta convexis ; postpectore tibiis
tarsisque obscuris, antennis fuscis basi pallidis. Long. "28.

One specimen from Rio Grande, Texas. Of the same size and form as D.
12-punctata, but differing by the elongated third antennal joint, and by
the elytral markings, which are thus arranged ; a basal band extending from
the suture to the refiexed margin, another at the middle slightly oblique,
connected with the first by a short longitudinal stripe near the side ; two
rounded spots behind the middle, placed transversely, the outer one being
smaller and a little posterior. The thorax is quadrate, a little longer than its
width, smooth, and without impressions. The antenna? are fuscous, with the
first three joints pale ; the second is only one-third the length of the third,
which is as long as the 4th. The thighs are yellow, the tibia? and tarsi
fusceus ; the postpectus piceous. The scutellum is of the color of the
elytral bands.

3. D. 12-punctata Dej., Cat. 405; Mannh. Bull. Mosc, 1843, 309.
Chrysomela, Gallcruca et Crioceris 12-punct. Fabr. ; Galleruca \2-punct. Oliv.
Ent. vi. 628 (No. 93, 23), pi. 2, f. 31.

Abundant throughout the Atlantic district from Canada to Mexico ; vari-
eties sometimes occur, having the spots more or less confluent longitudinally.
The first three joints of the antenna? are yellow, the abdomen and base of the
thighs are also yellow.

4. D. s or or. Diab'otica 12-punctata, var., Mannh. Bull. Mosc, 1843, 309.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 213

California, Oregon, and Arizona. This species represents the preceding in
the Pacific district, and only differs from it by the under surface, the legs and
the antenna being black. I have observed no transition between the two
forms, and since in this, as in other genera of Chrysomelidae, the distribution
of color is an important specific character, I am obliged to admit it as a dis-
tinct species.

5. D. tenella Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1850, 88.

Fort Yuma, Colorado River, California. Colored like D. 12-punctata,
but the elytral spots are very small.

6. D. balteata, elongata, pallida, nitida, thorace biimpresso, elytris sub-
tilius punctatis, fasciis tribus pallide viridibus ornatis, antica versus basin vitta
emittente ; occipite antennLsque rufo-fuscis, his articulis tribus baseos
pallidis ; postpectore, tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long. *23.

One specimen from the Rio Grande, Texas. A very beautiful and delicately-
tinted species ; the second transverse band of the elytra is a little behind the
middle, and is limited each side by oblique impressions.

7. D. vittata Dej., Cat. 405. Crioceris via. Fabr., Ent.Syst. i. 2, 12;
El. i. 455; Galleruca via. Oliv., Ent. vi. 633; Enc. Meth. vi. 590; Harris
Ins. Iuj. Veg. 2d ed., 124 ; Shimer, Prairie Farmer, xvi. 109.

Abundant in the Atlantic States ; quite destructive to cucumber vines
and other cultivated Cucurbitacese. The two thoracic impressions
become confluent at the middle ; the elytral strife are very deep ; the legs are
yellow, with the knees, the tips of the tibiae and the tarsi black.

8. D. trivittata Mannh., Bull. Mosc, 1843,309.

California. Closely resembles the preceding, but the impressions of the
thorax are smaller and not confluent ; the strife of the elytra are less
deep, and less strongly punctured ; the feet are black, Mth the base of the
thighs pale ; the antennae are entirely black.

9. D. longicornis Galleruca long. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.,
iii. 460 ; ed. Lee. ii. 223.

Illinois and Kansas ; differs from the next species by the elytra being
densely punctured, with traces of faint striae.

10. D. atripennis Galleruca atr. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.,
iii. 4G1; ed. Lee. ii. 224. Prothorax and abdomen yellow.

Var. a. Body black, prothorax yellow, with a broad dorsal black vitta.
Galleruca (Adimonia) cristata Harris, Hartford Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 90.

Var. b. Body entirely black. D.? fossata Lee, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,
1858, 88.

The type occurs in Kansas ; var. a. throughout the Atlantic States, and
var. b. in Texas, Illinois, and at Lake Superior. After careful examination, I
can find no differences but those of color.

GALERUCA Geoffr.

This genus, by an error of spelling, is usually known as Galleru-
c a, and is restricted to species which are punctured, and more or less pitbes-
cent above. The front is not carinated between the antennae ; the maxillary
palpi are rather stout, with the last joint conical ; the third joint of the an-
tennae is equal to the fourtli and longer than the second. The epipleura; ex-
tend to the tip of the elytra, except in G. x a n t h o m e 1 ae n a, where the low-
er margin becomes obsolete behind, without uniting with the upper margin, and
inG. infuscata and m o r o s a, where the upper margin is obtuse, and be-
comes obsolete near the tip. The front coxae are contiguous, conical and pro-
minent ; the tibiae are not sulcate, the claws are acutely toothed, or may be
regarded as cleft, with the lower part much shorter than the upper.

1*65.]

214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Our species are numerous, and may be grouped as follows, in a tolerably
natural manner, though intermediate forms occur. The relation between the
groups and the sexual characters does not appear to be as precise in our
species as it was found by Suffrian in those of Europe. (Vide Stettin Ent.
Zeit., 1843, p. 91.)

A. Extreme margin of elytra acute ;

a. Body above coarsely punctured, glabrous or slight-

ly pubescent :
*Marginal sulcus not distinct from the margin. (Group 1.)

Black, elytra costate, margined with yellow 1. externa.

■Testaceous, elytra usually with black vittae :

Elytra cribrate-punctate, thorax shining 2. crib rata.

Elytra cribrate-punciate, thorax opake .3. americana.

Elytra densely coarsely punctured, thorax opake 4. conferta.
Elytra densely less coarsely punctured, thorax

opake 5. sex vit tat a.

**Marginal sulcus distant from the margin, which is

thickened, (color uniform dark red.) (Group 2.)
Body ovate, convex ; elytra cribrate-punctate :

Thorax shining, deeply excavated 6. cavicollis.

Thorax opake, deeply excavated 7- rufosanguinea.

Body elongate, elytra densely punctured 8. hrematica.

b. Body above not very coarsely punctured, serice-

. ous pubescent ; never ovate convex : (Group 3.)

Base of thorax sinuate each side near the angles 9. tuberculata.

Base of thorax obliquely truncate each side :

Thorax shining, with two deep excavations ; su-
tural angle of elytra prominent, side mar-
gin yellow :

Elongate, elytra rather finely punctured 10. punctip en n is.

Elytra less finely punctured :

Elongate, angles of thorax scarcely prominent 11. marginella.

Less elongated, angles of thorax prominent 12. sagittariaa.

Thorax opake, bifoveate ; sutural angle not
prominent :

Elytra not densely punctured, color brown 13. decora.

Elytra not densely punctured, color entirely

black 14. ca r b o.

Elytra testaceous, with four black lines on each :

1st and 2d vittse confluent behind the middle 15. n o t u 1 a t a.

2d vitta very short, basal 16. not at a.

2d and 4th vittae entire 17. i n tegra.

c. Body above finely punctured, moderately pubes-

cent, inferior margin of epipleurre obsolete

near the tip. (Group 5.) 18. xa nt ho m e lae u a.

B. Lateral margin of elytra obtuse, but slightly promi-
nent. (Group 6.)

Elytra with very short pubescence 19. m ar it i m a.

Elytra with moderately long pubescence 20. mor os a.

Group I. Adimonia Laich.

In this group the body is usually stout, ovate and convex, with the elytra
dilated behind, scarcely pubescent, and generally very eoarsely punctured ;
the thorax is short, narrowed in front, rounded on the sides, with the angles
frequently not prominent or dentiform. The wings are perfect in all our spe-
cies, though some European species are destitute of those organs.

root.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 215

1. G. externa Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., hi. 458 ; ed. Lee, ii.
222. Adimonia ext. Lee, ibid. ; G. rudis Lee., Rep. Pacific R. R. Expl., C9.

Kansas and Oregon ; those from the former locality are more coarsely
punctured, hut do not show any specific differences.

Tke fifth ventral segment in both sexes is marked with two large impres-
sions, and in the male is emarginate at tip.

2. G. crib r at a, ovata, convexa, sordiderufo-testaceanitida, thorace brevi
antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis haud prominulis, basi
utrinque oblique truncato, disco haud dense punctato, vage 3-foveato et ad
angulos posticos oblique impresso, elytris fortiter cribratim punctatis, sspe
vittis angustis tribus utrinque ornatis ; margine laterali fortius refiexo : anten-
nis extrorsum infuscatis. Long "21 — '28.

Massachusetts, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas. The black vittse
are very narrow, and extend from the base almost to the tip ; the outer one
is very frequently obsolete, and often all are completely wanting. Sexual
characters as in G. externa, except that the impressions of the fifth ventral
segment are transverse and smaller.

3. G. americana Fabr., Syst. El. i. 4S9 ; Oliv., Ent. vi. 636, (No. 93,
36,) pi. 3, f. 43.

Middle States, Illinois, Lake Superior. Of the same form as the preceding,
but generally a little smaller, and the elytra are clothed with coarse pubes-
cence. The punctation of the elytra is equally coarse, but the sides are not
so strongly margined ; the thorax is more punctured, the hind angles are
not flattened by oblique impressions, and are somewhat prominent ; the three
discoidal impressions of the thorax are fuscous ; the suture of the elytra and
three narrow vittse on each are blackish ; the inner one is sometimes obsolete.
Last ventral segment with a transverse impression each side ; tip emarginated
in the male.

4. G. conferta, elongato-ovata, minus convexa, sordide testacea haud
nitida, thorace brevi antrorsum angustato, angulis haud prominulis, lateri-
bus rotundatis, basi utrinque oblique truncato, disco late canaliculato, vage
biimpresso, fusco trimaculato, confertim subtilius punctato ; elytris dense for-
titer punctatis brevissime parcepubescentibus, fortius marginatis, vittis utrin-
que tribus nigris, intermedia postice abbreviata ; antennis fuscis, articulis
3 primis testaceo-maculatis ; abdomine fusco, cinereo pubescente. Long *21.

Canada and Illinois ; two specimens. This species has the elongate form of
G. notulata, but is more dilated posteriorly ; the elytra are densely but
coarsely punctured, the pubescence is very short, and not conspicuous. The
last ventral segment is transversely impressed each side, as in the preceding
species.

5. G. sexvittata, elongata, supra obscure testacea opaca, thorace brevi
antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis haud prominulis, dense
minus subtiliter punctato, subcanalioulato, utrinque late impresso, vitta dor-
sali maculaque utrinque nigris ; elytris dense punctatis, (punctis antice for-
tioribus), vittis utrinque tribus nigris fere integris ornatis ; vitta capitis, auten-
nisque nigris, femoribus medio, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. Long -24.

One male from Pennsylvania ; the fifth ventral segment is transversely im-
pressed each side, and slightly emarginate at tip. _ This species resembles G.
conferta, but is more finely and densely punctured.

Group II. Adimonia p. Laich.

In two of the species of this group the body is ovate and convex, but in the
third the form is elongate ; the upper surface is coarsely punctured, and the
pubescence very short and indistinct ; the thorax is deeply channelled, and

1865.]

216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

has a large excavation each side ; the anterior angles are prominent, and the
base each side is sinuate. The superior epipleural margin is acute, but not
prominent, the margin of the elytra being thickened, and the marginal sulcus
somewhat remote from the extreme margin. The last ventral segment in
both sexes is transversely impressed each side, but in the male is deeply ex-
cavated and emarginate behind, the outline of the emargination being rounded
and not angular, They are all of a dull red color.

6. G. c a v i c o 1 1 i s, obscure sanguineo-rufa, ovata convexa, thorace nitido,
brevi, lateribus subangulatis, angulis omnibus prominulis, basi utrinque pro-
funde oblique sinuato, disco cribratim punctato, profundo canaliculato, et
utrinque late excavato, elytris parce brevissime pubescentibus sat dense cribra-
tim punctatis ; antennis nigris, tarsis fuscis. Long. '21,

One specimen from North Carolina, Dr. C. Zimmermann. This species must
be very similar to the European G. sanguine a, but I have had no oppor-
tunity for comparison.

7. Gr. r uf os an gu i n ea Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., v. 299 ; ed.
Lee, ii. 343 ; Adimonia ruf. Lee, ibid. 344.

Middle and Southern States. Of the same convex form as the preceding,
but not at all shining.

8. G. h je m a t ic a, sanguineo-rufa, elongato- ovata, minus convexa, thorace
nitido, brevi, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis omnibus prominulis, basi
utrinque oblique sinuato, disco cribratim punctato, profunde canaliculato, et
utrinque valde excavato, elytris opacis, parce brevissime pubescentibus, con-
fertim fortiter punctatis, antennis nigris, pedibus nigris plus minusve rufo-
variis. Long -20— -22.

Quebec, Canada, Mr. W. Couper ; also found in Illinois, and at Fort Liard,
Hudson Bay Territory. The last ventral segment of the male is deeply ex-
cavated, the excavation limited by a sharp edge, which is curved in front and
not angulated.

Geoup III.

Oval or elongate species, less convex than most of those of the preceding
groups, and clothed above with a fine sericeous pubescence ; the punctures are
never very coarse, the angles of the prothorax are frequently prominent, and
the marginal sulcus of the elytra is broader than usual, causing the margin
itself to appear thinner and more reflexed, except in G. tuberculata,
where the sulcus is somewhat separated from the margin, and the latter ia
slightly thickened, though much less so than in Group II.

The species are found exclusively upon aquatic plants, and, with the ex-
ception of the small species allied to G. decora, are easily defined and re-
cognized.

9. G. tuberculata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii. 456 ; ed. Lee,
ii. 220; Adimonia tub., Lee, ibid.

Middle and Western States ; distinguished by its larger size, and slightly
thickened elytral margin ; the sutural angle of the elytra is not prominent ;
the base of the thorax is obliquely sinuate near the sides.

The fifth ventral segment in the male is narrowly incised at tip, and canali-
culate nearly to the base.

10. G. punctipennis Mannh., Bull. Mose 1S43, 308.

California, two specimens kindly sent me by Col. Motschulsky. Of the same
elongate form as the next species, with the front angles of the thorax scarcely
prominent, and with the sutural angle of the elytra equally prominent ; they
are, however, more finely punctured, and the punctures become smaller to-
wards the sides and tip.

The fifth ventral segment of the male is acutely emarginate.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 217

11. G. marginella Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. iv. 220; ?G. luctuosa
Mannh., Bull. Mosc. 1S65, 368 ; ibid. 1853, 259.

I refer a specimen of narrow form, and -25 uno. long., from Fort Simpson,
Hudson Bay Territory, to this species. It differs from the next by its more
elongate form and scarcely prominent anterior angles of the thorax. The
body beneath is black, clothed with silvery hairs, legs brown, tibiae and tarsi
paler. This species should probably not be separated from G. nymphsse
Fabr, Ent. Syst.. i. 2, 21 ; Syst. EL, i. 486. Oliv. Ent., vi. 643, (No. 93, 49,)
pi. 3, fig. 51, &c, &c. Chrysomela nymphaxe Linn.

12. G. sagittarise Gyll., Ins., iii. 511, &c, &c. Redt., Fauna Austr.,
2d ed., 928.

Found throughout the middle and northern parts of the Atlantic district.
I refer to this species the rather stoutly-formed specimens with punctured
elytra and well marked sutural angle, which occur abundantly on Nym-
ph ?e a and N u p h a r ; the prothorax is polished, with scattered large punc-
tures ; the dorsal channel is well marked, and the two discoidal excavations
large and deep ; the sides are subangulated, and the anterior angles promi-
nent ; the base is obliquely truncate each side, as in the two preceding spe-
cies ; the disc is yellow, usually with three large blackish spots. The pubes-
cence of the elytra is very short, and the margins yellow-testaceous. The
under surface is dusky, the tip of the abdomen pale ; the logs testaceous, with
part of the thighs and outer portion of tibia? and tarsi dusky.

The last ventral segment of the male is deeply and acutely emarginate.

13. G. decora, longiuscula, fusca vel picea, dense sericeo-pubescens,
thorace opaco, subtiliter dense punctato, canaliculato, utrinque late foveato,
lateribus late rotundatis, augulis omnibus valde prominulis, basi utrinque
oblique truncato, elytris baud dense punctatis, angulo suturali apice rotun-
dato ; subtus nigro-picea, pedibus obscure testaceis. Long. "19 — '21.

Say, Long's Exp. St. Peter's, ii. 294 : ed. Lee. i. 195.

Abundant at Lake Superior, Slave Lake, and in Canada ; found also in
Mass. and Illinois.

This species varies considerably in color and sculpture ; the lighter-colored
specimens have the thorax yellow with three black spots, and the elytra
margined with yellow ; the thoracic angles are usually very prominent, but
sometimes are less conspicuously so ; the elytra are sometimes very strongly
and uniformly punctured : sometimes the punctures towards the tip are less
impressed. I have not been able to discover any constant differences sufficient
to lead to a division of the species into races.

The fifth ventral segment of the male is deeply excavated, the margin of
the excavation being acute and elevated, almost as in G. hseruati c a.

14 G. c arbo Lee, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 358.

Oregon, east of Fort Corlville, G. Gibbs, Esq. Only differs from the preceding
by the color, which is entirely black. It should probably be considered as a'
race of G. decora.

15. G. notulata Fabr., Syst. El., i. 439; Oliv. Ent., vi. 636, (No. 93,
37,) pi. 3, fig. 44.

Found throughout the Atlantic district. Of the same form and sculpture
^s G. decora, but differing in color, which is dirty testaceous above, with
an occipital line, three thoracic spots, and four narrow lines on each elytron
black ; the subsutural vitta extends from before the middle nearly to the tip,
where it unites with the submarginal one ; the second vitta is oblique, and
becomes confluent with the subsutural one behind the middle.

I think that G. bilineata Klrby, Faun. Bor. Am., iv. 220, is a specimen
of this species with indistinct markings.

The fifth ventral segment is impressed transversely each side in both sex,
and is tolerably strongly emarginate at tip in the male.

1865.1

218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

16. G. not at a Fabr., Syst. El., i. 488. Oliv. Ent., vi. 637, (Nos. 93,
38,) pi. 3.%. 45.

Also widely diffused in the Atlantic district. Of the same form and color
as the preceding, but the first, third and fourth black stripes of the elytra
reach neither the base nor the tip, and the second one is very short, extend-
ing from the base only about one-sixth the length. The elytra are rather
more finely punctured.

The last ventral segment is transversely impressed each side, and in the
male is acutely but not deeply emarginate at tip.

17. G. integra, elongata, minus convexa, supra subtiliter at dense
pubescens, sordile testacea subopaca, thorace brevi, lateribus rotundatis, an-
gulis baud prominulis, dense subtiliter punctato vix canaliculato, utrinque
vage impresso, vitta dorsali punctoque utrinque discoidali nigris, elytris dense
punctatis, punctis postice subtilioribus, vittis utrinque quatuor angustis nigris,
quarum secunda et quarta integris, apice conjunctis ; tarsis fuscis, antennis
piceis basi testaceo-maculatis. Long. *22.

Two specimens ; Pennsylvania.

More elongated and less convex than the two preceding species, with the
vittse of the elytra differently arranged ; the subsutural one reaches neither
the base nor the tip ; the second and fourth commence at the base and unite
near the tip ; the third is a little abbreviated behind.

The fifth ventral segment of the male is deeply and acutely emarginate.

Group IV.

A European species, introduced upon this continent, represents this group
in our fauna. The body is oval, very slightly convex, densely rather
finely punctured and pubescent above. The lateral margin of the elytra is
acute and the marginal sulcus, as in Group III., is not removed from the
margin ; the inferior margin of the epipleurse becomes obsolete near the tip,
without, however, uniting with the upper margin, as it does in those genera
in which the epipleurre do not extend to the tip.

18. G. xanthomelasna Duftschm. Redt., Fauna Austr., 2d ed., 927,
&c, &c.

G. calmarimsist Fabr., Syst. El., ii. 488; Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 2d ed.,
124 ; Fitch, Fifth Report on Noxious Insects of New York, No. 346.

G. gelatinaricB Fabr., Syst. El. i. 490 ; Oliv. Ent., vi. 32, (No. 93, 30,) pi. 3,
fig. 37 ; (a dark colored variety.)

Maryland and Pennsylvania. Injurious to elm trees by the larvte eating
the young leaves. The fifth ventral segment of the male is deeply and acutely
emarginate.

Group V.

Two elongate slightly convex species, found near the shores of the ocean,
constitute this group. They are densely punctured above and moderately
pubescent ; the thorax is rounded on the sides, with the angles not at all pro-
minent ; the lateral margin of the elytra is obtuse, and but slightly promi-
nent, becoming obsolete near the tip, and scarcely uniting with the inferior
margin of the epipleune. The marginal sulcus is very narrow.

19. G. maritima, elongata, testacea, fusca, vel nigra, capite rude
punctato, thorace brevi antrorsum angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, an-
gulis baud prominulis, basi utriuque oblique subtruncato, disco parum con-
vexo, fortiter punctato, breviter canaliculato, utrinque vage foveato, angulis
posticis obtusis explanatis, elytris dense subtilius punctatis, pube brevi pal-
lida minus dense vestitis. Long. *30.

Abundant along the the sea coast from New York to Florida. Intermediate

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 219

variations occur in which the thorax is partly testaceous, and the elytra black,
with the margin and suture pale.

20. G. m or os a Zee, Rep. Pacific R. R. Expl., 70.

One specimen found on salt marsh at San Francisco, Cal. Resembles a black
individual of G. maritima, but the thorax is less narrowed in front, less
rounded on tbe sides, and the hind angles are not flattened ; the elytra are
more coarsely punctured, and the pubescence is longer and nearly white.

TRIRHABDA Lee.

Body elongate, not very convex, finely punctured and pubescent. Front
flat, with the usual impressions as in Galeruca ; not at all carinate between
the antennae ; maxillary palpi not very stout, with the last joint conical, acute,
as long as the preceding, and not smaller than it at the base ; antennae with
the third joint intermediate in size between the second and fourth. Prothorax
with a large, transverse, broad impression, which is disposed to divide into
three, being deeper at the middle and at the sides. Elytra distinctly margined
at the sides, with the epipleurae very narrow, and becoming indistinct about
the middle. Anterior coxae conical, prominent, contiguous ; tibiae not sulcate
externally ; ungues cleft at the tip, with the inner part a little shorter than
the outer. The last ventral segment in the males is slightly emargiuate.

These species are of large size : the head and thorax are pale, the former
with an occipital, the latter with three discoidal black spots ; the elytra are
pale, with a broad sutural and discoidal black (or rarely green) stripes. In
some species these vittae coalesce, causing the margin only to remain pale.

The differences in the proportion of the joints of the antennae and in the
epipleurae prevent these species from being retained in Galeruca. The
genus does not appear to be represented in Europe.

The species may be distinguished as follows :

Thorax smooth, polished, feebly impressed 1. nitidicollis.

Thorax more or less punctured ;
Lateral and apical margins of elytra yellow ;

Elytra extremely finely punctured ;

Vittae black, generally uniting near the tip 2. canadensis.

Vittaa green or bronzed, entirely confluent 3. luteocincta.

Elytra moderately finely punctured ;

Vittaa blue, entirely confluent 4. f 1 a vo 1 i mb a ta.

Vittae blue, gradually approaching behind ;

Larger, elytra more finely punctured 5. attenuata.

Smaller, elytra less finely punctured 6. convergens.

Vittae black, gradually approaching behind 7. tomentosa.

Vittae black, not united at tip 8. virgata.

Yellow margin of elytra not extending to the tip 9. brevicollis.

1. T. nitidicollis, luteo-teatacea, occipue subtiliter punctato, nigro-
maculato, thorace latitudine vix duplo breviore, convexo laevi polito, angulis
haud prominulis, disco utrinque oblique impresso, guttis tribus nigris signato,
elytris subtiliter dense punctulatis et pubescentibus, vitta suturali alteraque
submarginali angustis cyaceo-nigris rnox ante apicem conjunctis ; antennis
fuscis. Long. -42.

One specimen collected in New Mexico by Mr. Fendler. Easily distinguished
by the characters above given. The elytra are very little wider than the thorax,
and the sutural angle is slightly prominent, while in all the following speciea
it is rounded.

2. T. canadensis. Galeruca canadensis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am., i v. 2 1 9.
A common species, extending from Lake Superior and the Mississippi Valley

to the Pacific. The black vitta? are regular, and generally are united near the

1865.}

220 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

tip, though sometimes they are entirely separate. It is easily distinguished
from all the following, except T. 1 u teo c inc ta, by the extremely fine punc-
tation of the elytra.

The sculpture and form of the thorax is subject to some variation ; there is
sometimes an impressed dorsal line, and the angles are occasionally quite pro-
minent.

3. T. lu teoc incta. Galleruca luteocincta Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci
Phila., 1858, 88.

Very abundant at San Diego, California, upon a species of A r t e m i s i a. I
have also received it from Santa Cruz, Cal. The elytra are generally green or
bronzed, with the sides and apex broadly margined with yellow ; individuals oc-
cur, however, in which the vittaj are well defined, and which can only be distin-
guished from T. c a n a d e n s i s by the thorax being more shining, with larger
scattered punctures, and by the color of the elytral vittae, which are always
dull black in the preceding, while they are greenish blue or bronzed in the
present species.

4. T. fl avoli mbata. Galleruca flavolimbata Mannh., Bull. Mosc, 1843 308.
Northern and middle California. For a type I am indebted to the kindness

of Col. Motschulsky. Differs from the preceding by the elytra being of a
beautiful' blue color and less finely punctured. I have seen no variation in
color, though specimens will probably occur having the blue disc of the elytra
divided into vittae.

5. T. a 1 1 e n u a t a. Galleruca attenuala Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. iii 459 •
ed. Lee, ii. 223.

Kansas. Larger than the next species, and with the elytra more finely punc-
tured, being'in this respect intermediate between T. flavolimbata and T.
canadensis. The discoidal vitta of the elytra is gradually widened behind
and becomes confluent with the sutural one about one-third from the apex,
(very much as in T. b a c c h a r i d i s) in the two specimens before me.

6. T. co n ve rge n s, testacea, pallide pubescens, occipite parce punctato
nigro, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, angulis vix prominulis, disco parce
grosse punctato, utrinque oblique profunde imprcsso, linea dorsali brevi impressa,
maculis tribu3 magnis ornato, elytris fortius dense punctatis, vitta suturali al-
teraque discoidali latis cyaneis vel viridibus, hac pone medium sensim dila-
tata ; pectore abdomineque eaepissime fuscis, antennis nigris basi testaceo-ma-
culatis. Long. -24 — -28.

Kansas ; Nova Scotia, Mr. Ulke. A widely diffused species, easily recog-
nized by its small size and rather coarse punctures.

The dorsal vitta of the elytra is dilated behind in most specimens, but does
not rendt-r the pale vitta shorter than in other species but merely attenuates
it behind the middle. In some of the specimens from Nova Scotia, the blue
vittaj are not united even at the tip, thus showing the same variation already
noted under T. canadensis.

7. T.tomentosa. Chrysomela tomentosa Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12mo., i.
ii. 601. Galleruca baccharidis Weber., Obs. Ent., 57; Fabr., Syst. E!., i 480 •
Oliv. Eut., vi. G29, pi. 3, 34..

Occurs near the sea coast from New York to Florida. In all the specimens
before me, the discoidal black vitta of the elytra is dilated behind, and becomes
confluent with the sutural vitta about one-fourth or one-fifth from the apex.
It is easily distinguished by the very prominent thoracic angles causing the
sides to become quite sinuous. The description of Linnajus, which is quite
characteristic, seems to have been overlooked, except in the Melsheimer Cata-
logue.

8. T. virgata, testacea, subtiliter pubescens, capite parce punctato, oc-

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 221

cipite nigro, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, angulis parum prominulis,
disco vage punctato, utrinque profunde oblique impresso vix canaliculato,
maculis tribus magnis nigris ornato, elytris dense punctatis, vitta suturali al-
teraque subraarginali latis nigris apice baud conjunctis ; antennis nigris basi
testaceo-maeulatis ; subtus fusco-testacea incisuris tarsorum obscuris. Long.
•36.

Middle and Southern States. Distinguished from T. baccharidis by its
smaller size, not prominent thoracic angles, and not convergent elytral vitta;.
Resembles in elytral markings T. canadensis, but at once known by the
more strongly punctured elytra.

9. T. b re vi c o 1 1 i s, fusco-testacea, occipite parce punctato nigricante,
thorace latitudine triplo breviore, angulis anticis prominulis, disco rugose
punctato utrinque oblique profunde impresso, maculis tribus magnis nigris
ornato, elytris confertissime subtilius punctatis, vitta suturali alteraque late-
rali latis nigris; margine laterali a humero usque ad medium testaceo; anten-
nis nigris, articulis baseos subtus testaceis ; corpore subtus fusco, pedibus
testaceis, fusco-maculatis. Long. -31 — -38.

Abundant in the Southern States, near the sea coast, one specimen from
Kansas. Easily known by the very short thorax and by the black vitta extend-
ing to the lateral margin of the elytra, from the middle to the apex, which is
therefore not margined with yellow, as in the other species.

MONOXIA Lee.

This genus contains small testaceous species, densely clothed with yellow
hair, and easily recognized by the ungues being neither cleft, nor appendicu-
late.

The body is elongate, convex ; the head is destitute of the usual impressed
lines, the front narrow, not carinate ; the maxillary palpi are rather slender,
with the last joint conical, acute, and a little longer than the preceding. The
antennae are stout, with the third joint longer thau the fourth ; the second
joint is half as long as the third. The thorax is rounded on the sides, with
the angles prominent, and the disc broadly channelled, with two discoidal im-
pressions. The elytra are wider than the thorax, distinctly margined, as in
the smaller species of Galleruca, with the epipleurae sharply defined, and ex-
tending to the tip. Pygidium perpendicularly deflexed in both sexes. Front
coxa? contiguous, conical, prominent ; tibiae not sulcate externally, ungues
slender, acute, not toothed, nor dilated at base, in one section, with a small
acute tooth not divergent as in Galleruca in the second section. The deflexed
pygidium readily distinguishes this genus, and gives to the ventral surface
somewhat the appearance observed in genera allied to C lythra.

A. Ungues slender and entirely simple ;

Angles of prothorax very prominent 1. angularis.

Angles of prothorax not prominent ;

Elytra not impressed 2. obtusa.

Elytra impressed 3. g u 1 1 u la t a.

B. Ungues stouter, with an acute tooth near the tip ;

Elytra uniformly convex 4. d e b i 1 i s.

Sides compressed, disc obliquely impressed ;

Elytra strongly punctured 5. con sputa.

Elytra finely punctured 6. sordida.

1. M.angularis. Galleruca annularis Lee, Prtfc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
1859, 90.

California, near San Francisco ? given me by Mr. S. S. Rathvon. Easily
distinguished by the very prominent angles of the prothorax. The elytra are
finely and densely punctured, and not impressed.

1865.] 15

222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

2. M. obtusa, testacea, pallide pubescens, thorace fortiter dense punctato,
latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtnsis, apice
summo dentiformi prominulo; disco canaliculato et utrinque late impresso
elytris dense punctatis, punctis antice fortioribus ; antenni3 extrorsum, pec-
tore abdomineque infuscatis. Long. '20.

One specimen from Andover, Mass., (Mr. Sanborn,) and two from Kansas.
Of the same size as the precediug and following, but differs from M. angu-
lar i s by the angles of the thorax not being prominent ; from M. g n 1 1 u 1 a t a
by the elytra not being impressed at the sides and on the disc ; and from both
by the elytra being not distinctly dotted with black. The punctuation is
stronger than in M. a n g u 1 a r i s, and about the same as in M. g u 1 1 u 1 a t a.
The disc of the prothorax is sometimes slightly fuscous.

3. M. guttulata. Galleruca gnttulata Lee, Rep. Pacific R. R. Expl., TO.
One specimen found by me at San Francisco. Similar in size and shape to

M. angular is, but the angles of the thorax are not prominent, and the
elytra are compressed at the sides, and obliquely impressed behind the hume-
ral elevations.

4. M. debilis, pallide testacea, dense pallide pubescens, thorace latitu-
dine duplo breviore, lateribus rotundatis, angulis po?ticis minutis prominulis,
disco dense punctato late canaliculato utrinque vage impresso, elytris thorace
latioribus, profunde punctatis, punctis antice fortioribus, punctis parvis nioris
eerie 4-plici utrinque ornatis, transversim convexis; antennis extrorsum fuscis.
Long. -15— -18.

New Mexico, Mr. Ulke. The pubescence is dense and somewhat silvery.
The black dots of the elytra are minute, and those of the subsutural series
usually coalesce, forming a narrow, abbreviated line; the humeri are promi-
nent and marked with a larger black spot.

The fifth ventral segment of the male is deeply and narrowly incised.

This species most closely resembles in appearance M. obtusa, but the
claws are distinctly cleft, with the inner portion acute and shorter than the
outer one.

I am disposed to think that G. puncticollis Say, (Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci., iii. 458 ; ed. Lee, ii. 222,) is allied to this species, but the elytra are de-
scribed as having two vittae on each, which are frequently obsolete, and the
tibiae and tarsi are black. The comparison made by Say with G. b a c c h a-
ridis, to which it has no relation whatevei , has rendered the species ob-
scure.

5. M. con s p u ta. Galleruca consputa Lee, Rep. Pacific R. R. Expl., 70.
San Jose and San Francisco, Cal., on oak leaves. Smaller and narrower

than G. d e bi 1 is, with the elytra coarsely punctured, the sides compressed
and impressed, and the disc obliquely impressed behind the humeri.

6. M. s o r d i d a. Galleruca sordida Lee, Proe Ac. Nat. Se Phil., 1858 88.
Colorado Desert, California, two specimens. Very similar in form and color

to G. consputa, but the elytra are finely punctured, with the punctures
almost concealed by the dense golden pubescence

•The fifth ventral segment of the male in both species is incised at the tip.

Prodromus of a Monograph of the Species of the Tribe ANOBIINI, of the Family
PTINID.E, inhabiting North America.

BV JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.

In the classification of the Coleoptera of North America, published by the
Smithsonian Institution, I proposed, in 1862, an arrangement of the insects
allied to the old genus A n o b i u m, by which the number of genera was

[Oct.

V

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 223

largely increased. My views were not noticed in the excellent work of Duval,*
on the genera of the Coleoptera of Europe, in which, with the addition of some
genera not represented in our fauna, the classification remains as before. I
subsequently learned, by the reception of the very valuable work of C. G.
Thomson,! on the Coleoptera of Skandinavia, that several of the genera re-
cognized by me had been previously described by him, and, in fact, so far a3
his arrangement is applicable to our fauna, I have had occasion to make no
changes in the genera as limited by him. Within a few weeks I have received
a copy of the admirable work of Mulsant and Rey.J on the Terediles of France,
which would, indeed, have been exhaustive, if it had not happened unfortu-
nately, that the work of Thomson, above mentioned, remained unknown, to
the authors. The result is that all of the geuera described by Thomson have
received new names in this later memoir.

It has been my endeavor, in the present brief treatise, to harmonise, with
the material before me, the views and names contained in the three works
quoted, and at the same time to arrange the genera in a more natural manner
than has been heretofore proposed.

It has seemed to me that the genera form a nearly regular series, repre-
sented by species, more or less numerous, from those in which the members
(antennae and legs) are but slightly contractile, to those in which all are re-
ceived in appropriate excavations of the trunk ; from those in which the head
is scarcely deflexed, to those in which the mandibles in repose fit against the
mesosternum, shutting in the under surface of the head and prothorax.

Considering the variation in form and structure of the antenna?, in genera
which are evidently closely related, I have regarded the manner in which the
body is contracted in repose as of fundamental importance in the classifica-
tion of the genera.

I divide them, therefore, as follows :

A. Head received in repose upon the under sur-

face of the prothorax group Anobia.

Prothorax not excavate beneath, head free., subgroup D r y o p h i 1 i.
Prothorax excavated beneath, for reception

of head subgroup A n o b i a.

B. Mandibles in repose, resting against the me-

sosternum group Xtletini.

Head excavated beneath for reception of an-
tennae subgroup Xy 1 eti n i.

Antennas received between the coxa? subgroup Dorcatomata.

In all the subgroups, excepting the first, (in which the contractile power i3
feebly developed,) there is great difference between the genera in the mecha-
nism adopted for the protection of the antennae, and a regular gradation in
the power of contractility, as will be readily observed by looking at the tables
of genera given below.

Anobium pudicura Boheman, Eugenie's Resa, 86, is said to have been
collected in California, but as the localities of the insects of the expedition
3eem to have been confused, it may be regarded as a doubtful member of our
fauna. (Vide Eup actus.)

I have excluded Ptili nus from this tribe ; it seems to me, as stated in
the Classification of Coleoptera of North America, to represent a separate
tribe, leading to the subfamily Bostrichidce.

Subgroup I. DRYOPHILI.
In the species of this group the body is elongate, the head capable of being

•Genera dee Coleopterea d'Europe, par M.Juequelin Du Val, (Camille.)

tScandinaviens Coleoptera synoptiskt bearbetade af C. G. Thomson. Lund, 1859— "863.

X Hist. Naturelle des Uoleopteres de France, TereJiles par E. Mulsantget C). Key. Paris 1864.

1865.]

224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

only moderately deflexed ; the prothorax not excavated beneath for its recep-
tion, and the legs not received in cavities.

The antennae haveihe intermediate joints narrow, and the last three dilated
and sometimes much elongated ; they are not received between the coxae in
repose, but rest loosely upon them, and are 11-jointed in our genera. The
anterior aperture of the prothorax is circular. In our genera the thorax is
margined, and the elytra are not striate, though European genera exist in
which these characters are wanting. The ventral segments are never connate.
Our genera are related as follows :

Anterior coxae contiguous, prominent, conical E r n o b i u s.

Anterior coxae separated by the presternum :

Prosternum moderate, tarsi narrow Ozognathus.

Presternum very short, tarsi dilated Xestobium.

ERNOBIUS Thorns., Skand. Col. i. 88, (1859 ;) v. 146, (18G3.)

This genus, first recognized by C. G. Thomson, in his excellent work on the
Coleoptera of Skandinavia, has been since described by other authors, as
follows: Liozoum Mulsant & Rey, opusc. Ent. xiii. 92, (18G3); Coleopt.
de France, Terediles, 133, (18G4) ; Dryophilus Lee, Class. Col. 205,
l 18G2) ; P h i 1 oxyl o n Lee., ibid. ; Conophoribium Chevr., Ann. Ent.
Tr., 1861, 391.

I divided the species into two genera, on account of the difference in the
length of the prosternum in front of the coxae, but a renewed examination
convinces me that this character is of merely specific value.

The genus will be readily recognized by the characters above given. In ad-
dition to them, the middle coxae are nearly contiguous, the tibiae are slender, the
tarsi are narrow, with the first joint elongated, and the fifth joint not dilated,
but slender and elongated. The plates of the hind coxae are very narrow, and
not dilated internally. The sixth ventral segment can usually be seen.
The species known to me may be grouped as follows :
Ninth joint of antennas shorter than the 4th — 8th
■ united ; (joints 5 — 8 equal in thickness ;)
5th and 7th longer than sixth ;
Thorax not transversely impressed ;

Sides of thorax much rounded 1. mollis.

Sides of thorax less rounded 2. punctulatus.

Thorax with a vague transverse impression 3. alutaceus.

Joints 6th, 7th and 8th equal in length 4. d e b i 1 i s.

9th joint of antennae as long as the 4th — 8th united :

Elytra densely finely granulated 5. gran ul atus.

Elytra finely not densely punctulate 6. marginicolli s.

9th joint of antennae as long as the 1st — 8th united... 7. tenuicornis.

1. E. mollis Thorns., Skand. Col. v. 146; Dermestes mollis Linn.; Ano-
bium molle Fabr., &c. ; Liozoum molle? Muls. & Rey; Anobium convexifrons
Mels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. 309.

A common European species, introduced in the Atlantic States. The thorax \
is twice as wide as its length, and is much rounded on the sides, which are
broadly margined; all the angles are rounded ; there are two vague rounded '»
basal impressions, and a scarcely perceptible medial elevation.

The fifth joint of the antennae is longer than the fourth, the fifth to the eighth
joints are equal in thickness, oblong, and the sixth is shorter than the ad-
joining ones ; the eighth is a little shorter than the seventh, the ninth, tenth
and eleventh are equal in length, and each is a little longer than the seventh
and eighth united.

2. E. punctulatus. Anobium punct. Lee, Proc. Acad., 1859, 284.
California. Related to the preceding, but the thorax is more transverse,

[dot.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 225

with the sides much less rounded, and the elytra are less densely punctulate ;
the disc of the thorax is obsoletely channelled behind the middle. The pro-
portion of the joints of the antennae seems scarcely different from E. mollis.

3. E. alutacens. Philoxylonalut. Lee., Proc. Ac. 1861, 352.
California, one specimen. More elongate than the two preceding species,

with the sides of the thorax considerably rounded, but the anterior angles
more distinct, and less rounded ; the disc is marked with a vague transversa
impression in front of the middle ; the elytra are scarcely distinctly punctu-
late. The joints, 5 — 8 are less unequal in length than in E. mollis
and punctulatus; the ninth is equal in length to the three preceding
united, and but very little wider.

4. E. debilis, oblongus, testaceus, nitidus, dense pallide pubescens, ca-
pite thoraceque granulato-punctatis, hoc latitudine plus duplo breviore, late-
ribus explanatis late rotundatis, angulis omnibus rotundatis, basi utrinque
vage impresso, linea dorsali pone medium lasvi, scutello tomentoso, elytris
punctulatis, thorace haud latioribus : antennis articulo 5to sequi longiore,
6— 8vo aequalibus, 9mo — llmo pnecedentibus duobus conjunctis singulo long-
ioribus et latioribus. Long. -10.

One specimen from Sta. Barbara, and one from Sta. Cruz Island, California,
collected by Mr. C. M. Bache. As stout in form as E. p u n c t u 1 a t u s, but
readily distinguished by the smaller size and different proportion of the joints
of the antennae ; the third joint is equal to the fifth, the fourth is somewhat
shorter ard about equal in length to the sixth ; the seventh and eighth are
each equal to the sixth ; the ninth, tenth and eleventh are about equal in size,
and broader than the preceding joints, each one is longer than the seventh
and eighth united, and the three together are about equal in length to the
joints 2 — 8 united.

5. E. granulatus, rufescente-fuscus, pube brevi sericea vestitus, sub-
opacus, subtiliter dense granulato-punctatus, thorace latitudine plus duplo
breviore, lateribus et angulis rotundatis, disco obsolete canaliculato, versus
apicem, et ad medium vage transversim impresso, elytris thorace haud latior-
ibus ; c.ntennis testaceis articulis 4 et 5 a?qualibus, 6, 7, 8 aequalibus mi-
noribus, 9mo praecedentibus 5 haud breviore. Long. -20.

One specimen, collected in Florida by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Quite, distinct
from all others known to me, by the upper surface being finely granulated ;
the antennae are very nearly as in E. m a r g i n i c o 1 1 i s, but the third joint is
one-half longer than the fourth, the fourth and fifth are equal, and together
are as long as the sixth, seventh and eighth ; the ninth is fully as long as the
five preceding united. The form is less elongated than E. marginicol-
1 i s, and is even a little stouter than E. mollis.

6. E. m a r g i n i c o 1 1 i s. Anobium marg. Lee, Proc. Acad., 1859, 87.

One specimen, Oregon. Of much more elongate form, and readily distin-
guished by the joints of the antennae, 3 —5 being equal in length, 6 — 8
shorter, (the seventh being very slightly longer than the others) scarcely
longer than their width, the ninth as long as the five preceding united,
and but slightly broader ; tenth and eleventh each equal in length to the
ninth. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, the sides broadly mar-
gined, the angles rounded, the disc vaguely impressed in front, and feebly
channelled behind ; the elytra are very finely punctulate, the prosternum is
less abbreviated than in the preceding species, and the fifth joint of the tarsi
somewhat shorter.

7. E. t e n u i c or n i s, modice elongatus, fuscus, nitidus, dense pallide pu-
bescens, capite thoraceque fere opacis , confertim granulatis, hoc latitudine
duplo breviore, antrorsum angustiore, lateribus valde rotundatis angustius

1865.]

226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

explanatis, scutello tomentoso, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, dense punc-
tulatis ; oculis (^) maximis, antennis articulis 9—11 linearibus, singulo prse-
eedentibus conjunctis longiore. Long. -18.

York Co., Pennsylvania; one male, given me by Dr. Melsheimer. Easily
recognized by the characters given above. The second and fifth joints of the
antennseare equal, and a little longer than their width, the sixth to the eighth
joints are shorter, transverse and closely connected ; the ninth is not wider
than the others, linear and very elongate, being longer than all the preceding
united ; the tenth and eleventh are each equal to the ninth. The prosternum
in front of the coxae is less abbreviated than in the species 1 — 4 ; the last joint
of the tarsi is longer than usual. The form is less elongated than in E.
in a r g i n i c o 1 1 i s.

I have single individuals, indicating two other species, which seem closely
allied to what I have considered as E. mollis, but I am unwilling to de-
scribe them, until the discovery of other specimens will enable the specific
characters to be defined with greater precision.

OZOGNATHUS Lee, Class. Col. N. Am., 205, (1862.)

In this genus the anterior coxa? are narrowly separated by the prosternum,
which, in°front of the coxa?, is longer than usual ; the coxae themselves are
oval, and not very prominent; the middle coxa? are well separated by the
mesosternum, which is flat, declivous and obtusely triangular. The metas-
ternum is deeply channelled behind; the hind coxa? are very narrow extern-
ally, and moderately dilated internally, with the hind margin obtusely angu-
lated ; the sixth ventral segment is visible. The tarsi are narrow, with the
last joint elongated.

The antenna? are alike in both sexes, less than half the length of the body,
the joints 3 — 8 nearly equal in size but with the fifth and seventh some-
what stouter, not longer than their width; the ninth is as long as the
three preceding united, and double their width ; the tenth is about equal in
size to the ninth, and the eleventh a little longer; united they are about
equal in length to all the preceding joints together. The eyes are small, con-
vex and prominent.

The male differs from the female, by each mandible being armed at its base
by a slender cylindrical horn, as long as the head, which rises perpendicularly,
and is inflexed and acute at the tip, meeting the horn of the opposite side.

1. 0. cornutus Lee, Class. Col. N. Am., 206 ; Anobiurn corn. Lee, Proc.

Acad., 1859, 87.

California. Sent me by Mr. Andrew Murray, as having been hatched from
some galls received by him from California.

1. 0. mise.llus, niger, nitidus, tenuiter pubescens, capite thoraceque
punctulatis, hoc convexo, latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus late rotundatis,
elytris parce punctulatis, antennis basi, tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis. Long.

•05

One female found by me at, San D^ego, California. Differs by its very much
smaller size, less dense punctures, and by the hind angles of the thorax not
being acutely prominent.

XESTOBIU.M Molsch.

Bull Mosc, 1845, i. 35. Muls. and Rey., Col. de France, Terediles, 119.
Synonym. C n e c u s Thorns., Skand. Col., i. 88, (1859 ;) v. 145, (1863.)
As in the preceding genus, the anterior coxae are oval, not prominent, and
separated by the prosternum, which, however, is very short in front of the
coxae. The middle coxae are well separated by the mesosternum, which is
obtusely triangular. The metasternum is somewhat channelled behind ; the
plates of the hind coxa? are widely separated and suddenly dilated internally,

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 227

and the posterior margin is obtusely angulated, as in Ozognathus. But five
ventral segments are visible. The tarsi are broad, shorter than the tibiae,
the first joint longer, the last joint dilated, furnished with a dense brush be-
neath ; the claws are distant and minute.

The name A n o b i u m Fabr., should be retained for this genus, as it is
not only the first species described under the genus, (vide Fabr., Ent. Syst.
and Syst. El.,) but is the one which Olivier has assumed for the type, and
from which his drawings of the trophi were made. Nevertheless, with a
view of disturbing the synonymy less, other species have been assumed by
European authors as the types of the genus, and I have refrained from restoring
the generic name to the imported species, by which alone it is thus far
represented on this continent.

1. X.tessellatum Motsch., Bull. Mosc, 1845, i. 35; Muls. and Rey ,
Col. Fr. Terediles, 122. Anobium tessellatum Fabr., Eat. Syst., i. 236 ; Syst.
El., i. 321 ; Oliv Ent., ii. 16, tab. 1, fig. 1, &c. Cnecus tessellatus Thorns.,
Skand., Col., v. 145.

Introduced from Europe into the Atlantic States. Our largest species, and
varies considerably in size.

Sub-Group II. ANOBIA.

The body is usually elongate in form; the head capable of being strongly
deflexed, and resting in repose in the excavated under surface of the pro-
thorax ; the antennae are received between the anterior and middle coxae, in
a more or less distinct excavation, which is sometimes prolonged into the
metasternum. The mandibles do not reach the metasternum in repose, the
head is convex beneath, and not excavated for the reception of the antennae.
The antenna? have the last three joints generally larger, and the stem usually
not serrate, though these characters vary much. The anterior opening of
the prothorax is circular; the epipleurae are foveate in Petalium and
Th e c a; and the hind feet received in excavations of the first ventral seg-
ment in Theca and Eupactus.

The genera are numerous. Those found in the United States may be
grouped as follows :

f. First ventral segment not excavated for reception of
hind feet.
A. Metasternum not excavated in front ;

a. AntennaB not received between the coxae, but

resting upon them ;
Anterior coxae contiguous ; antennae 9- or 10-jointed Oligomerus.
Anterior coxae nearly contiguous; antennae 11-

jointed S i t o d r e p a.

b. Antennae received between the coxa?, which

are distant ;

Antennas subpectinated Ctenobium.

Antennae not pectinated;

Thighs strongly clavate, tarsi dilated Ptinodes.

Thighs not clavate, tarsi dilated ;

Claws armed with a broad tooth Tfichodesnia.

Claws not toothed N i c o b i u m.

Tarsi slender, thighs not clavate H a d r o b r e g m u s.

B. Metasternum deeply excavated in front ;

Antennae not serrate, last joints elongated Anobium.

Antennae serrate, last joints scarcely longer Trypopitys.

C. Metasternum produced in front into a large lobe ..Petalium.
II. First ventral segment excavated for reception of

hind feet ;
Mesosternum carinate, epipleurae foveate at middle.. Theca.
Metasternum emarginate, epipleurae not foveate Eupactus.

1865.]

228 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

OLIGOMERUS Redt., Fauna Austr.
Muls. and Rey., Col. Fr. Terediles, 198.

The European species, 0. brunneus, has 1 0-jointed antenna?, but I have
recently discovered a species which, without showing any other structural
difference, has but nine joints in the antennae.

The species resemble in the form of antennas certain Hadrobregmi, but
may be at once distinguished by the anterior as well as the middle coxa?
being contiguous, without any intervening cavity for the reception of the
antennne.

The species before me may be separated as follows :

Sides of thorax feebly serrate, disc scarcely gibbous 1. s erica n a.

Sides of thorax distinctly serrate ;

Disc slightly gibbous ; antennae 2. ob tu s us.

Disc strongly gibbous ; antennas 9-jointed 3. alternans.

1. 0. sericans. Anobium sericans Mels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. 309.
O. thoracicus Lee, Class. Col. N. Amer., 205.

Middle States. I received a specimen of this species from Dr. Melsheimer
under the name A. thoracicum, and in citing it did not refer to his original
description, by which it appears that the name is a synonym of his A. s e r i-
c a n s. It will be readily distinguished from the other species by the thorax
being but feebly serrate on the sides, with the hind angles not obvious, and
the disc very feebly elevated behind the middle, being scarcely gibbous.
There are five small but distinct joints between the second joint, and the
elongate ones ; the antenna? are therefore 10 jointed. The striae of the elytra
are strongly punctured, the outer ones are deep, and those towards the suture
shallow ; both punctures and striae become obsolete at the tip.

2. 0. obtusus, elongatus, cylindricus, fusco-ferrugineus, subtiliter se-
riceopubescens, thorace lateribus serratis, angulis posticis obtusis, distinc-
tis, disco punctulato, opaco, ante basin modice elevato ; elytris apice sub-
truncatis, striis punctatis, apice haud obliteratis, externis profundioribus.
Long. -02.

One specimen from Vermont, Prof. C. B. Adams. Larger than the preced-
ing, of a different color, and quite distinct by the form and sculpture of the
thorax, which is distinctly and densely punctulate, more convex, with the
disc more elevated in front of the base ; the sides are more distinctly serrate,
the hind angles are obtuse, and but slightly rounded ; the reflexed side mar-
gin is narrow, and the transverse impressions at the anterior angles are
deeper. The antennae are mutilated, but appear to have been 10-jointed.

3. 0. alternans, nigro-piceus, opacus, pube brevi fusco-cinerea seri-
cea dense vestitus, thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, punctulato, lateri-
bus serratis valde rotundatis, angulis posticis haud distinctis, disco valde
convexo, leviter canaliculato, postice elevato, gibboso, et utrinque impresso,
elytris striis fortiter punctatis externis profundis, interstitiis lmo, 3io, 5to et
7mo prominulis versus apicem subreticulatim connexis ; antennis 9-articula-
tis. Long. "20.

One specimen found by me on a fence near Long Branch, New Jersey, July,
1865. This species is very distinct, not only by the strongly gibbous thorax,
but by the peculiar sculpture of the elytra; the striae are more impressed
than in the other species ; the sutural interval and the alternate ones, as far
as the seventh, are more convex than the intervening spaces, and are irregu-
larly connected towards the tip by a few anastomosing elevated lines. The
antenna? are fusco-testaceous ; the third joint is nearly «is long as the three
following, which are short, but quite distinct; they are followed by the elon-
gated joints, each of which is as long as the joints 1 — 6 united, and about

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 229

twice as broad, though the first of them is broader than the other two, and
is somewhat triangular in form ; the antennae are but 9-jointed, the seventh
joint, which is conspicuous iu the other species, being probably the one
which becomes obsolete. The eyes are larger and more prominent than in
the specimens of the other species before me, which are females ; the under
surface of the head, as in them, is coarsely punctured at the sides, and finely
rugose longitudinally in the gular space.

SITODREPA Thorns. Skand. Col., v. 166, (1863.)

Synonym. Anobium Zee, Class. Col., 204. Anobiura, subg. A r t o-
b i u m Muls. and Rey., Col. France, Terediles, 114.

This genus contains but a single species, which has been introduced from
Europe in flour, bread, and other articles of commerce, to all parts of the
globe. As it is the most common and the best known species of the Fabri-
cian genus Anobium, I preferred, in separating the genera, to retain the
original name for this one. It has, however, since been designated by a dis-
tinct name in the excellent treatise of Thomson, above cited, and is, more-
over, no more entitled to be regarded as the type than any other of the spe-
cies chosen by Thomson, Duval, or Mulsant; under these circumstances, I
think it proper to adopt the generic name proposed by Thomson.

The genus will be readily recognized by the moderately stout form, and the
nearly contiguous anterior coxa?, which are conical and prominent; the mid-
dle coxae are but slightly separated by the obtusely triangular mesosternum ;
the metasteruum is finely channelled; the segments of the abdomen are free,
and the plates of the hind cox* moderately dilated inwards. The elytra are
finely striate, and the striae are punctured ; the outer striae are deeper, and
the margin near the base is somewhat prominent. The antennae are 11-joint-
ed, rather short, with the last three joints together about equal in length to
the others in the female, but longer in the male. The tarsi are narrow, with
the joints gradually decreasing in length, the fifth is not slender.

1. S. p a n i c e a Thorns., Skand. Col , v. ICO ; Dermestes pan. Linn. ; Anobium
pan. Fabr., &c. ; Anobium (Artobium) panum Muls. and Rey., Col. France, Tere-
diles, 114.

An. tenuistriatum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 173 ; Ent., (ed. Le Conte,)
it. 288. An. obemm iMels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 309.

Common throughout the United States and Canada; found also in Lower
California, at Cape San Lucas, by Mr. Xantus. The sides of the thorax are
distinctly serrate.

CTENOBIUM, n. gen.

Body slender, cylindrical ; prothorax deeply excavated beneath for recep-
tion of head, which is received in repose upon the anterior coxa;. Antenna
1 1-jointed ; first joint thicker, nearly cylindrical ; second smaller and shorter ;
third equal in length to the second, triangular, about as broad as its length
in the female; fourth to eighth transverse, with the outer angle acutely pro-
longed in the female, with the fifth and seventh more prolonged than the
others ; in the male the third to eighth joints are prolonged externally
into a cylindrical branch, twice as long as the joint itself; the ninth and
tenth joints are compressed, elongate triangular, and as broad as the pro-
longations of the preceding joints ; the eleventh joint is long, oval, and com-
pressed ; the three last joints together are equal in length to all the preceding
united, in both sexes, and are much longer in the male than the female.
Prosternum narrowly separating the anterior coxa?, which are conical and
prominent; middle coxas narrowly separated by the mesosternum, which is
obtusely rounded behind; metasternum deeply channelled behind; hind
coxae with the plates narrow, nearly parallel, not dilated inwards; tibiae

1865.]

230 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

slender, not compressed; tarsi longer than the tibiae, narrow, first joint elon-
gated, last joint short, somewhat dilated, claws slender. Abdomen with the
ventral segments not connate, equal in length, tip of fifth segment conical,
and prominent in both sexes.

The last joint of the maxillary palpi is elongated, and obtusely subtruncate
at tip.

This genus seems closely allied to Oligomerus, but the anterior coxae are
somewhat separated, and the antennae are very different. The elytra are
striate, and the punctures of the inner striae are confused, as in Oligomerus
sericans.

I. Ct. antennatum. Elongatum, cylindricum piceum opacum, pube
subtili sericea vestitum, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, dense subtiliter
scabro. lateribus cum basi late rotundatis, disco fere ad basin canaliculato,
dein acute elevato, basi vage 4-impresso, elytris thorace 4-plo longioribus,
Btriis punctatis, externis profundis, internis subconfusis ; antennis pedibusque
ferrugineis. Long. -20 — -25.

Mas antennis corporis dimidio longioribus, articulis intermediis longius
pectinatis.

Femina antennis corporis dimidio fere brevioribus, articulis intermediis
breviter pectinatis.

Virginia: four specimens kindly given me by Dr. S. Lewis. The sides of
the thorax are not serrate, the reflexed margin is very narrow, and extends
around the anterior angles upon the apex. The disc is convex, gibbous,
strongly channelled until within a short distance of the base, where it is in-
terrupted by the gibbositv ; the latter is bounded behind by two converging
impressions, outside of which on each side is a feeble elevation, and then a
transverse impression, extending to the sides. The hind angles are not ob-
vious. The internal striae of elytra are not impressed, and their punctures
are confused ; the striae near the margin are impressed and regular punctured.

PTINODES Lee, Class. Col., 204.

Body elongate, convex, pubescent, and clothed with long, erect hairs. Pro-
thorax excavated beneath for the reception of the head, disc gibbous, not
channelled. Eyes convex, moderate in size, prominent. Antennae, rather
stout, joints 3 — 8 nearly equal, the outer ones slightly transverse ; ninth
and tenth each longer than the three preceding, and somewhat wider, oblong ;
eleventh a little longer, oval. The ninth to tenth somewhat longer than all
the preceding united. Prothorax narrowed behind, not contiguous to the
trunk ; prosternum obtusely truncate behind, separating widely the anterior
coxae, Avhich are conical and prominent; middle coxae prominent, well sepa-
rated by the mes"osternum, which is truncate (?) behind ; metasternum not
sulcate ; hind coxae with the plate very narrow, scarcely visible. Abdomen
with the ventral segments smooth, sparsely hairy, not connate, the fourth
shorter than the others, which are equal. Thighs strongly clavate, tibiae not
compressed, with external rows of long hairs ; tarsi shorter than the tibiae,
stout, first joint very slightly elongated, fifth joint dilated, claws broadly di-
lated at base.

The separation between the prothorax and trunk, as well as the clavate
femora, easily distinguish this genus, and cause the resemblance to Ptinus,
which has suggested the name.

1. Pt. setifer Lee, Class. Col., 205; Anobium seiiferum Lee, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., 1858, 73.

One specimen was collected by me at San Diego, California.

TRICHODESMA Lee.
Body oblong, rather stout, pubescent, and clothed with erect setae and tufts

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 231

of fine dense hair; prothorax gibbous above and marked with small rounded
tubercles, excavated beneath for the reception of the head. Elytra granulate,
and with indistinct rows of large punctures. Eyes small, convex; antennae
11-jointed, last three joints elongated, not longer together than all the pre-
ceding united in the female, but longer in the male ; first moderately dilated,
second not so stout, and shorter than the first, third as long as the second,
but more slender, fourth to eighth nearly equal, oblong, a little longer than
their width. Prosternum widely truncate behind, anterior coxae distant,
small, rounded, prominent ; mesosternum broadly concave, with a slightly
elevated ridge each side beyond the middle coxae, which are widely separated ;
tip broadly truncate, closely joined with the metasternum ; the latter is
marked with a very short furrow behind; the hind coxae are distant, and
their plates are moderately and somewhat suddenly dilated iuwards. The
ventral segments are not connate, though they appear more closely united
than usual; the second and third segments are a little longer than the others.
Legs rather short, thighs feebly clavate, tibiae slender, pubescent, and with
fringes of long hairs; tarsi short, broadly dilated, joints about equal iu
length, fifth broad, triangular, hairy beneath like the others, claws distant,
dilated at base into a broad semi-transparent tooth. The last joint of the
palpi is broadly truncate at tip.

1. T. gibbosum Lee, Class. Col., 205. Anobium gibbosum Say, Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 171, (ed. Le Conte, ii. 280.)
Middle States. Our most conspicuous species.

NICOBIUM Lee, Class. Coll., 204, (1862.)

Synonym. Anobium, subgenus N e o b i u m, Mils, and Rey., Col. France,
Terediles, 106, (1864.)

This genus, represented only by the introduced European Anobium h i r t u m,
differs from the preceding by the less gibbous thorax, the claws not toothed,
but slightly broader at the base, and by the regularly striate elytra. The
form of body is rather stout and convex, with the thorax separated from the
elytra and a little narrower than them. The sterna, coxae, and tarsi are as in
Trichodesma, but the thighs are not at all clavate, and the claws are not
appendiculate.

1. N. hirtum. Anobium hirtum Illiger, Mag. vi. 19, &c. An. (Neobiuvi)
hirtum Muls. and Rey., Terediles, 106.

I have one specimen in my collection, marked as fouud in the Southern
States, probably in Georgia; it is incorrectly referred to in the Class. Col.
N. America, p. 205, as Anobium sericcum Muls.

The species will readily be recognized by the stria; composed of large
quadrate punctures, and the interstices furnished with single rows of sub-
erect hairs, longer than the pubescence.

HADROBREGMUS Thomson, Skand. Col., i. 89, (1859.)

Synonyms. H em i c oelu s, p. Lee, Class. Coll.N. Am., 204, (1862.) C a c o-
t e m n u s Lee, ibid. Anobium, p. Muls. and Rey., Col. Fr. Terediles, 62.

The body is long and subcylindrical ; the thorax gibbous or tuberculate,
excavated beneath for the reception of the head, hind angles not obvious,
except in H. foveatus. Elytra with regular punctured striae. Antennae
varying according to the division; in the second, 11-jointed, with the inter-
mediate joints well defined, and the last three not very much longer than
the preceding united ; in the first division (Cacotemnus) 10-joiuted, the
last three joints much longer than the joints 1 — 7 united.

Prosternum subtruncate behind, separating the anterior coxae, which are
prominent and flattened in front ; mesosternum concave, truncate behind,

1865.]

232

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

separating the middle coxae, and leaving a cavity for the reception of the
last joints of the antennae. Metasternum channelled behind; hind coxae
separated, plates very slightly dilated behind, first' equal to the second, ex-
cept in H. foveatus. Ventral segments not connate. Legs moderate,
thighs not at all clavate, tibiae slender, tarsi not shorter than the tibiae, nar-
row, first and second joints elongated, fifth rather broad, claws small, not
toothed.

Our species may be grouped as follows :

A. Antennae 10-jointed ; hind angles of thorax rounded ;

Disc of thorax slightly gibbous and compressed behind ;

Sides sinuous near the front angles 1. e r r a n s.

Sides regularly rounded in front 2. carina tus.

Disc of thorax strongly gibbous ;

Sides of thorax subparallel 3. linearis.

B. Antennae 11-jointed; hind angles of thorax rounded;

(thorax strongly gibbous ;)

Sides of thorax nearly straight ,... 4. p u m i 1 u s.

Sides of thorax constricted in front 5. g i b i co 1 1 i s.

C. Antennae 11-jointed ; hind angles of thorax distinct 6. foveatus.

A. Antennm lO-jointed ; (Cacotemnus Lee.)

1. H. errans. Anobium errans Mels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. 309.
Middle States and Lake Superior. The disc of the thorax is but slightly

gibbous behind ; the base and sides are rounded, so that the hind angles are
not apparent : the sides converge in front, and are impressed so as to become
sinuous near the anterior angles, which are distinct.

2. H. carinatus. Anobium car. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii.
187 ; ed. Lee , ii. 120.

A very large specimen from Pennsylvania (-26 unc.) has the thorax rather
broader, with the sides more rounded and less impressed at the anterior angles
than in H. e r r a n s.

3. H. linearis, valde elongatus, fuscus, sericeo-pubescens, thorace
latitudine baud breviore, lateribus antice fere parallelis, angulis posticis haud
conspicuis, anticis subrectis, disco scabro, postice alte elevato, antice obso-
lete canaliculato, elytris striis profunde punctatis, antennis 10-articulatis.
Long. -20.

One male specimen from Hudson Bay Territory, about the Saskatchewan
region. The sides of the thorax are very broadly impressed near the ante-
rior angles, and are nearly parallel for more than two-thirds the length, and
are serrate as in H. errans. The disc is considerably elevated in front
of the base, the elevation becoming gradually broader and indistiuct in front,-
a feeble dorsal impressed line can be observed, which is more obvious upon
the elevated portion; there is also a very feeble lateral accessory tubercle.
The elytia are parallel, and the tip is obtusely rounded. The joints four to
seven of the antennae are equal and about as long as their width; the eighth
is as long as the five preceding united, and about twice as long as its width ;
the ninth and tenth are each a little longer than the eighth joint.

B. Antennm 11 -jointed ; (Hemic<elus Lee.)

4. H. pumilus, valde elongatus, castaneo-rufus, sericeo-pubescens,
thorace subtiliter punctato latitudine haud breviore, antrorsum paulo an-
gustato, lateribus fere rectis angulis posticis rotundatis, anticis subrectis,
dorso postice alte elevato, et gibboso, medio breviter canaliculato, dein cari-
nato, ad basin et versus latera late impresso, elytris punctis quadratis stri-
atim positis, iuterstitiis planis ; autennis 11-articulatis. Long. -11 — -14.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 233

Two specimens, Monmouth Co., New Jersey ; collected in the sweeping net.
Easily distinguished by the small size and 11-jointed antennae.

The sides of the thorax converge in front and are nearly straight, and
strongly margined ; the anterior angles are subacute, and the hind ones are
rounded; the disc is very acutely elevated in front of the base, and com-
pressed from the top of the elevation to the base ; the front declivity of the
elevation is channelled ; a distinct impression runs obliquely from the base
of the elevation to the anterior angles, and the base each side is transversely
impressed ; the accessory tubercles are thus rendered more obvious than in
the preceding species.

The striae of the elytra are scarcely impressed, the punctures are large
and quadrate, and the intervals flat; the tip is obtusely rounded. The joints
of the antennae, fourth to eighth, are small, and nearly equal; the ninth is
as long as the six preceding united ; the tenth is as long as the ninth, and
the eleventh, as usual, a little longer.

5. H. g i b b i c o 1 1 i s. Anobium gibbicolle Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859,
284.

One specimen from California. The disc of the thorax is still more ele-
vated than in H. p u m i 1 u s, the impressions still deeper ; the sides do not
converge in front, and are deeply bisinuate ; the anterior angles are promi-
nent, but not acute at tip.

C. Antennse W-jointed ; hind angles of thorax distinct.

6. H. f o v e at u s. Anobium foveatum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am , iv. 190.

Northern portion of the United States and in Canada. This species dif-
fers in several important respects from the others and should very likely be
separated as a distinct genus. The hind angles of the thorax are quite dis-
tinct, the base, instead of being rounded, is sinuous each side and prolonged
at the middle ; the sides are straight and parallel; the disc is tuberculate
each side, broadly excavated in the middle, and but feebly carinate at base.
The first ventral segment is obviously shorter than the second ; the tarsi are
less slender, more distinctly dilated, and the second joint is scarcely longer
than the third.

ANOBIUM Fabr. (emend. Thorns., loc. cit., 1859 )

Synonym.. Coelostethus Lee, Class. Col. N. America, 204.

The name Anobium has been restricted by Thomson to those species in
which the thorax is excavated beneath for the reception of the head, and the
pectoral excavation for the reception of the antennae prolonged into the
metasternum. As he was the first author who has divided the species com-
posing the old genus upon structural characters, it is proper that his right
to select that genus for which the name is to be retained should be recog-
nized. The modern idea of types for genera cannot be rigorously applied
to those founded by the older authors, and the attempt to do so has been
productive of much confusion. The author who first distinguishes the com-
posite elements of a genus to which no type is definitely assigned by the
founder may certainly use his judgement in applying the original name
to any one of the new genera which contains species of the original author.
This judgment once exercised constitutes a kind of priority, which must
be respected, in order to prevent the inconvenience of applying the old name
to several different genera, according to the ideas of subsequent commenta-
tors. Our species are but two in number.

1. A. quadrulum Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 87.
Puget Sound.

2. A. no tat u m Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 172 ; (ed. Le Conte, ii. 281.)
Middle and Northern States.

1865.]

234 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

TRYPOPITYS Redt.

la this genus the thorax is deeply excavated beneath for the reception of
the head, and the pectoral excavation is prolonged into the metasternum, as
in A n o b i u m, but the autennae are serrate, with the second joint shorter
than the third ; the third to the seventh are triangular, and gradually a little
longer; the eighth to the tenth become gradually less triangular, they are
nearly equal in length, and each is a little longer than the seventh ; the
eleventh is still longer, and somewhat pointed. The first ventral segment
is bounded behind by a distinct suture, but the other sutures are obliterated.

The last joint of the labial palpi is triangular, and broadly truncate.

Our two species may be distinguished thus :

Punctures of elytral striae large, quadrate s e r i c e u s.

Punctures of elytral striae smaller, oblong punctatus.

1. T. sericeus Lee, Say's Ent. Writings, ii. 280. Xyletinus sericeus Say,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 172, (ed. Lee, 1. c, sup.)

Atlantic States ; generally diffused.

2. T. punctatus Lcc, Col. Kansas, (Smithsonian Contr.,) p. 13.
New Mexico, near Santa Fe.

PETALIUM Lee, Class. Col. N. Am., 204, (1862.)

Body elongate, prothorax closely united with the trunk, excavated beneath
for the reception of the head, which is small and convex, both above and be-
neath. The eyes are large and not very convex ; the antennas are half as
long as the body ; the first joint is long and moderately tbick, the second
joint is nearly as wide as the first, and about as long as its width ; the third
and fifth are transverse and triangular ; the fourth, sixth and seventh are nar-
rowed and smaller, the eighth is still smaller, and only visible with a very
high power ; the ninth is triangular, and as long as the third and eighth in-
clusive ; the tenth is similar, and equal to the ninth ; the eleventh is a little
longer, oval and somewhat poinded. The last joint of the palpi is fusiform
and acute.

The prosternum is extremely short, the anterior coxa? are conical, and rise
perpendicularly, leaving a wide intervening cavity. The mesosternum is
deeply excavated longitudinally, and is overshadowed by the metasternum so
as to be visible only on dissection. The metasternum is long, deeply sulcate
at posterior half, prolonged in front into a very large, slightly convex lobe,
which extends over the mouth in repose ; towards the sides the anterior por-
tion of the sternum is declivous, and hollowed transversely for the reception
of the middle feet; there is a deep transverse excavation for the reception of
the middle tarsi each side of the metasternal lobe. The first ventral segment
is short, not excavated for the reception of the hind feet ; the second segment
is as long as the three following united. The fec-t are moderate, thighs rather
long, tibia; slender, tarsi short, stout, moderately dilated. The epipleurae are
hollowed out below the humeri for the reception of the middle knees, and fo-
veate about the middle for the hind knees.

I have been thus particular in the description of this singular genus, on ac-
* count of the difficulty of placing it properly in the system. By the approxi-
mation of the metasternum to the head, and the reception of the middle feet
in excavations, it is related to Dorcatoma, but the form of the body, the struc-
ture of the antennas and head are those of Anobium. The head, although
protected in part by the prolonged metasternum, does not touch it in any
position.

By the epipleurae foveate for the reception of the hiud knees, this genus
resembles Theca.

But one species is known to me.

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 235

1. P. bistriatum Lee, Class. Col. 205. Anobium bistr. Say, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sc, v. 172; (ed. Leconte, ii. 281.)

Not uncommon throughout the Middle, Southern and Western States.
Easily recognized by its very small size, elongate form, by the two strife of
the elytra next the margin being deep, while the others are merely rows of
punctures, becoming obsolete behind. The color is usually nearly black,
with the feet yellow.

THECA Muls. & Rey.

Body oval, moderately elongated, narrowed in front, convex ; head convex
beneath, not at all excavated for reception of the antennae ; when deflexed,
received in a very deep excavation of the under surface of the prothorax,
which is nearly closed behind; antennae 1 1-jointed, rather short, received
under the head, in the prothoracic excavation. First joint large auriculate,
second slender, oblong, 3 — 6 small, seventh acutely prolonged inwards,
eighth also prolonged inwards, short, but nearly as wide as the ninth,
the 9 — 10 large, dilated, triangular, eleventh somewhat longer, oval ; the
last three united, longer than the preceding joints; palpi with the last
joint securiform. Prosternum not visible, except on dissection, short, de-
clivous ; front coxae nearly contiguous, horizontal ; mesosternum compressed
and elevated in the form of a spear head, between and in front of the middle
and anterior coxae, extending to the prothoracic cavity; middle coxae not
widely separated, legs received in deep excavations of the meso- and meta-
thorax. Metasternum rather short, deeply channelled, declivous in front and
excavated for reception of middle legs, narrowly truncate at the middle.
First ventral segment excavated for reception of hind legs. Legs rather
feeble, tibiae slightly compressed, tarsi short, the first joint somewhat elon-
gated. Elytra with all the striae deeply impressed, epipleurae foveate at the
middle for reception of hind knees.

The position of this genus is somewhat doubtful. The antennae do not lie
in repose between the coxae, that space being occupied by the elevated me-
sosternum. The head, however, is not excavated beneath for the inception
of the antennae, and the head is also prevented from reaching the metaster-
num by the interposition of this piece. The form of the body suggests rather
an affinity with A n ob i u m than with Dorcatoma, orXyletinus, and I,
therefore, regard it as an aberrant member of the present group, in which we
have had already (Petalium) an instance of anomalous and excessive de-
velopment of the metasternum, simulating the form observed in the genera
allied to Dorcatoma.

1. Th. profunda, elongato-ovalis, convexa, antice attenuata, nigro picea,
griseo-pubescens, capite punctulato, thorace lateribus obliquis rectis, rude
haud dense punctato, elytris striis aequaliter profundis, in fundo punctatis,
interstitiis planis vix punctulatis ; abdomine punctulato, metasterno rude
punctato. Long. -085 — -10.

One specimen from Pennsylvania, and another from Lake Superior.

EUPACTUS Lee.

Body elongate, oval, very convex, smooth, shining, glabrous, head with two
deep frontal lines before the eyes, and a deep transverse suture separating a
smail flat clypeus. Eyes large, moderately convex, entire, tolerably finely
granulated. Antennae 1 1-jointed ; first joint large, curved ; second joint as
wide as, but much shorter, than the first, and suddenly curved inwards ; third
joint much narrower, triangular, 4 — 8 as wide as the third, short, transverse ;
ninth large, compressed, triangular, but not prolonged inwards, about twice
as long as its width, and equal in length to the joints 2 — 8 united ; tenth tri-
angular, as wide as the ninth, truncate at tip, closely applied to the eleventh,
which is obtusely rounded at the extremity; the tenth and eleventh together

1865.1

236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

form a mass a little longer than the ninth joint. Palpi with the last joint
oval, truncate (?). Head convex beneath, with a deep, nearly semicircular
excavation behind the mentum ; the bottom of this excavation is smooth, but
opake ; mentum large, trapezoidal. Mandibles strongly dilated at the base.
Prothorax narrowed in front, and rounded at the apex, deeply excavated be-
neath for reception of head. Prosternum short, concave, declivous, widely sepa-
rating the anterior coxas, which rise to the level of the metasternum, and are
dilated into a transverse, horizontal plate. Mesosternum invisible, (probably
concave, and nearly perpendicular.) Metasternum tolerably large, not chan-
nelled ; produced in front between the middle coxa? into a short and deeply
emarginated lobe, which receives the end of the antennae ; declivous each
side at the anterior part, and deeply excavated for the reception of the middle
feet, excava'ion distinctly limited by an elevated line; side pieces very nar-
row, nearly concealed by the elytra. Plates of hind coxae gradually widened
externally. First ventral segment deeply excavated for reception of hind feet ;
segments 2 — 4 gradually diminishing in length, the third and fourth sutures
double, (that is, composed of two approximate lines.) Legs slender, tibiae
uot dilated, tarsi robust, first joint scarcely longer. Elytra uniformly
sparsely punctured, entirely destitute of striae or rows of punctures.

This singular genus is remarkable for the form of the antennae. The dila-
tation of the anterior coxae shows a relation to Theca, while the manner in
which the antennae are folded between the coxae, in a sternal excavation re-
calls the more typical A n o b i a. In the arrangement of the sternal pieces,
and close contractility of the feet some resemblance toCh elonarium can
also be observed. It resembles very much the figure of Mesoccelopus niger,
Duval, but in that genus the antennas are serrate.

1. Eu. n i t i d u s, elongato-ovalis, convexus, niger nitidus, glaber, supra parce
subtiliter punctatus, abdomine punctato, metasterno parce fortius punctato,
antennis piceis, tibiis tarsisque dilutioribus. Long. -09 — 12.

Western States, Kentucky, (Mr. Wild,) Illinois, (Mr. Walsh.) I have also
a specimen marked as collected by Mr. Xantus, at Cape San Lucas, but I re-
gard the locality as doubtful. The surface above is sparsely and finely punc-
tured, the punctures at the middle of the thorax and hinder part of the elytra
being less distinct ; the thorax is a little wider than its length, narrowed in
front, rounded at the apex, feebly Insinuate at base, transversely very convex,
sides not margined, the true margin being very much inflexed. Elytra des-
titute of striae, suture feebly elevated. Beneath the abdomen is tolerably
deusely punctured, the third and fourth ventral sutures composed of two ap-
proximate lines ; the metasternum sparsely but strongly punctured, middle
and front feet densely punctulate ; inflexed sides prothorax densely punctured.

2. Eu. puuctulatus, ovalis valde convexus, niger nitidus, glaber sub-
tiliter parce puuctulatus, elytris prope basin intra humeros oblique impressis.
Long. -12.

One specimen from Louisiana, in Mr. Ulke'g collection. Differs from Eu.
nitidus by the broader form, and much more finely punctured elytra : the
basal impression is quite distinct, and is just inside of the humeral elevation.
No trace of a similar impression is visible in the five specimens of the pre-
ceding species now before me.

3. Eu. p u d i c u s, subcylindricus, piceus opacus, alutaceus, dense subtilfrter
sericeo-pubescens, obsolete haud dense punctulatus, antennis rufo-piceis, ar-
ticulis duobus ultimis arete applicatis, praecedente conjunctis longiore.
Long. -19.

? Anobium pudicum Boheman, Eugen. Resa, 86.

One specimen from Lower California, given me by Mr. Ulke. Very
different in form and appearance from Eu. nitidus, but without any marked
generic distinction. The form is a little more robust than Ernobius mol-

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 237

lis; the lustre is somewhat leaden, owing to the very fine and dense sericeous
pubescence with which it is clothed. The 9th joint of the antennae is flat,
nearly oblong, and more than twice as long as its width ; the 10th is trian-
gular, and narrowed at the base ; closely joined to the 11th, which is not
longer than its width, shorter than the 10th, and rounded at tip; the 10th
and 11th together are shorter than the 9th.

The antennae are described by Boheman as having but two elongated ter-
minal joints ; unless the student would consider such a form impossible in
this type, the union between the 10th and 11th joints might be readily over-
looked, and the antennas thus erroneously described.

Subgboup III. XYLETINI.

The species of this subgroup are generally oval in form, rarely subelongate,
and, except in some species of Xyletinus, have the contractile power consid-
erably developed. The head, when inflexed, extends beyond the excavated
under surface of the prothorax, over the mesosternum, so that the man-
dibles attain the metasternum, and in most the genera lie in close apposition
with its anterior margin. The head is deeply excavated each side in the gu-
lar region for the reception of the antennae, which in repose are curved into
these cavities, and do not lie between the coxae. The front coxae are contig-
uous and depressed ; the middle feet are frequently received in excavations
of the meso- and metasternum, and the knees rest in a subhumeral cavity of
the epipleurae. The first ventral segment is sometimes excavated for the re-
ception of the hind legs, sometimes not ; the epipleurae are foveate for the
hind knees in Protheca. The metasternum is never prolonged and lobed
in front of the middle coxae, as in the next subgroup, but is broadly truncate,
on a line with the coxae, when the latter are widely separated. The mandi-
bles are always broadly dilated at the base. The antennae are variable in
shape, being sometimes serrate or subpectinate, and sometimes having the
last three joints dilated, forming a long, loose club.

The European genera Mesothes and Mesoccelopus, with the first ventral seg-
ment excavated for reception of the hind feet, the antennae serrate, and the
front coxa? contiguous, probably belong to this subgroup.

Elytra striate, antennas serrate Xyletinus.

Elytra not striate ; first ventral segment not
excavated :

Antenna; serrate Lasioderma.

Antennas with the last three joints large ?Catorama.

First ventral segment excavated :

Epipleurae not foveate at the middle Hem iptychus.

Epipleurae foveate at the middle P r o th e'ca.

XYLETINUS Latr.

Our species differ notably in form; in the first the body is cylindrical,
and the head but feebly excavated beneath for the reception of the antennae ;
in the others (typical Xyletinus) the head deeply excavated each side beneath.
The metasternum is declivous in front, but the declivous portion is not sharply
defined by a transverse line, as in the two following genera.

1. X. peltatus. Anobium pdtatum Harris, Trans. Hartf. Nat. Hist. Soc,
75. Throughout the Atlantic States, not common.

'i

2. X. mucoreus, cylindricus, piceus opacus, alutaceus, dense sericeo-
pubescens, thorace punctulato convexo, latitudine duplo breviore, lateribu3
obliquis paulo rotundatis, angulis posticis valde obtusis rotundatis, elytria
striis subtilius punctatis, interstitiis planis parce subtiliter punctulatis ; palpis
antennisque ferrugineis, his articulo primo piceo. Long. -26.

One specimen from Louisiana in the collection of Mr. Ulke. Resembles

1865.] 16

238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

somewhat X. peltatus, but is very much larger, and rather stouter, and
the head is more excavated beneath.

3. X. fu cat us, elongato-ovalis, convexus, niger, subtiliter pubescens, ca-
pite thoraceque subtiliter reticulato-punctatis, hoc latitudine triplo breviore,
lateribus valde rotundatis, antice late explanatis, margine obscure ferrugineo,
dorso modice convexo, ad basin linea brevi larvi subelev^ta, elytris striis pro-
fundis impunctatis, interstitiis planis, alutaceis ; autennispedibusque ferrugi-
neis, ill is articulo lmo nigricante. Long. -18.

Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior; three specimens.

4. X. p a Hi du s, dilute piceo-ferrugineus, elongatus, pallide sericeo-pu-
bescens, capite thoraceque dense punctulatis, hoc brevi, lateribus late rotun-
datis, angulis omnibus apice rotundatis, disco convexo, linea dorsali pone
medium laevi subelevata, elytris dense rugose punctulatis, striis parum im-
pressis punctatis ; antennarum articulo 2ndo triangulari, sequentibus vix
minore. Long. -12.

A single specimen collected at Cape San Lucas, Lower California, by Mr.
Xantus. The antennae (male) are but little shorter than the body, the joints
are broad and triangular, the second being scarcely smaller than the third ;
the eyes are very large and prominent. This species resembles X. pellatus
more than the preceding, but diifcrs from both by the punctured aud scarcely
impressed striae of the elytra.

LASIODERMA Stephens, Illust. 5, 417.

Syn. Pseudochina, subg. Hypora Muls. $ Rey, Col. Fr. Te're'diles, 294.
The metasternum is declivous in front, with the declivous portion sharply
defined by a transverse elevated line, extending entirely across the trunk.

1. L. serricorne. Ptinus serric. Fabr. Ent. Syst., i. 241; Syst. El.
Pseudochina (Ilypora) serric. Muls. & Rey, Terediles, 307. Plilinus testaceus
Duftschm. Xyletinus testaceus Sturm., &c. Lasioderma testaceum Stephens, III.
T. 417.

Carried by commerce oyer the whole globe ; lives chiefly, though not ex-
clusively, upon tobacco ; I have found it, also, in the powder of capsicum.

Mr. Chevrolat, (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1861, 390,) refers this species to Cato-
rama,but subsequently has corrected the error ; he considers Pi. testaceus
Duftschm., as a different species. Xyletinus pallidas Lap., Hist. Nat., iv. 295,
is also cited by him as a synonym, but I have had no opportunity of verifying
it; I accept it with hesitation, as Plilinus pallcns Germ., Ins. Nov. 79, a spe-
cies with striate elytra, is also quoted under the same name (pallidus.)

2. L. dermestinum, elongato-ovale, convexum, nigro-piceum, subti-
liter griseo-sericeo pubescens, subtilissime alutaceum, thorace latitudine baud
breviore, antrorsum subangustato, apice valde rotundato, basi truncato, an-
gulis anticis valde deflexis rectis, posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris tho-
race plus duplo longioribus ; antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. "11 — -13.

Cape San Lucas ; collected by Mr. Xantus, and given me by Mr. H. Ulke.
In the two specimens before me, I can merely see that the antennae are reddish
yellow, without distinguishing particularly the relation of the joints to each
other. This species resembles in form a small A 1 1 agen u s, and is much
less stout than L. serricorne.

7CATORAMA Gue>.

The species which I have referred to this genus differs from C. t a b a c i, the
type described by Gucrin (Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1850, 431.) by the last joint of the
palpi being truncate, but not emarginate. There is, however, not a complete uni-
formity in the different species of Xyletinus in this respect, and I have, there-

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 239

fore, preferred placing the insect in question in the present genus, to multiply-
ing unnecessarily the divisions already proposed.

The body is oval and convex, very similar to Hemiptychus, but the first ventral
segment is not excavated for the reception of the hind feet. The metasternum
is declivous in front, with the declivous part limited by a transverse line, pre-
cisely as in Lasioderma s e rr ic o rn e, (which it resembles in appearance,
though larger), except that the line becomes obsolete towards the sides. The
anterior and middle coxae are contiguous, as in the species just named. The
antenna? are 11-jointed, with the first joint curved and moderately dilated, the
second longer and thicker than the third ; 3 — 8 equal in thickness, the third
longer, the others about as loDg as their width ; ninth and tenth large, com-
pressed, triangular, ninth as long as the five preceding united, tenth a little
longer, eleventh as long as the tenth, and a little narrower, oval, rounded at the
tip. The head beneath is as deeply excavated as in L. serricorne; the
front is obtusely impressed in the same manner. The tibiae are compressed,
with two elevated lines externally ; the tarsi are dilated, with the first joint
moderately elongated, the second equal to the third, and the fifth clavated and
depressed. The eyes are uniformly convex, moderately granulated, as in La-
sioderma, and not at all emarginate.

1. C. s i m p 1 e x, longius ovale, convexum, nigro-fuscum, pube helva sericeo-
pubescens, opacum alutaceum, punctulatum ; thorace medio dense, lateribus
parce punctato, brevi antice subtruncato, basi cum lateribus rotundatis, an-
gulis posticis nullis, anticis impressis valde deflexis, (lateraliter visis acutis,)
elytris thorace triplo longioribus, baud punctatis ; antennis pedibusque testa-
ceis. Long. -14 — -18.

Two specimens, collected in Kentucky, by Mr. J. H. Wild.

HEMIPTYCHUS Lee.

Synonym. Dorcatoma Zee, Class. Col., 204.

This new genus completes the passage from the preceding genera to Dorcato-
ma, from which it differs by the anterior coxae being contiguous, as'in Lasio-
derma; by the prosternum being short, and not prolonged into two processes
behind ; the mesosternum being flat, perpendicular and triangular, and the
metasternum without medial channel, not produced in front, but straight, with
a very small protuberance at the middle between the middle coxae. The eyes
are coarsely granulated, not uniformly convex as in Catorama, but compressed
longitudinally at tne side, and very feebly emarginated in front. The antennae
are 10-jointed, the first joint large auriculate, second much smaller, somewhat
dilated, 3 — 7 narrow, very small, closely united, eighth triangular, as long as
the six preceding united, -ninth a little narrower than the eighth, tenth oval,
longer than the ninth, and rounded at the tip. ' Palpi with the last joint dilated,
truncate. Feet robust, tibiae, compressed, with a deep, longitudinal furrow on
the outer surface, tarsi stout. First joint as long as the two following united.
First ventral segment excavated for reception of hind feet. Elytra with two
submarginal striae, extending from the middle to the tip.*
Our species may be distinguished as follows :

Elytral striae faintly visible at base ; pubescence coarse :

Body elongate, elytra densely punctured 1. punctatus.

Body oval, elytra sparsely punctured 2. gravis.

Body almost rounded, elytra sparsely punctured 3. p u si 11 u s.

Elytral striae not prolonged in front; pubescence fine :
Surface very finely and densely punctulate:

Stria fine, body broadly oval 4. borealis.

Striae deep, body elongate oval 5. v entr a li s.

* Dorcatoma externa Muls. A Rty, TSiediles, 367, probably belongs to this genus.

1865.]

240 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Strife very fine and short, body oval 6. obsoletus.

Surface sparsely and finely punctulate, body elongate oval,

striae deep 7. nigritulus.

1. H. punctatus, elongato-ovalis, subcylindricus, piceus, dense minus
subtiliter helro-pubesceus, subtilissime punctulatus, elytris praecipue versus
latera punctatis et rugosis, striis duabus externis a medio ad apicem profun-
dis, antice obliteratis, externa ad humerum paulo impressa ; antennis flavo-tes-
taceis. Long. -11.

Two specimens, one from Louisiana, the other from Georgia. The species of
this genus agree so nearly in most of the characters, that it is only desirable
to mention the distinctive marks under each species. Tbis oue is narrower
than the other coarsely pubescent species, and the elytra are twice as long as
their width, and decidedly more punctured, especially at the sides ; the two ex-
ternal strife are deep, and extend from the middle to the tip, before the middle
they are obliterated, but at the base the outer oue again becomes visible ; there
are faint traces of strius near the sides and tip.

2. H. gravis, ovalis, piceus, dense minus subtiliter helvo-pubescens, sub-
tilissime punfUulatus, elytris parce punctatis, striis duabus externis a medio
ad apicam profundis, antice obliteratis, externa ad basin paulo impressa, an-
tennis flavo-testaceis. Long. -12 — -15.

Dorcatoma grave Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1858, 72.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer ; Texas. " More )egularly oval than the prece-
ding, with the elytra only sparsely punctured. There are some faint traces of
strife inside of the two outer ones, which are deep from the tip to the middle
and then obliterated ; the outer one is visible near the base.

Two smaller specimens (-10 unc.) collected in Illinois, by Mr. B. D. Walsh,
differ by the elytra being more finely punctulate, and more sparsely but dis-
tinctly punctured ; I do not regard them as indicating a distinct species.

3. H. pu sill us, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, rufo-piceus, dense minus sub-
tiliter helvo-pubescens, elytris parce punctulatis, striis duabus externis antice
obliteratis, antennis flavo-testaceis. Long. -08.

Dorcatoma piikillum Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1858, 72.

Found at Fort Yuma, (junction of Colorado and Gila), California. The
smaller size and more rounded form readily distinguish this species. The
surface appears nearly smooth, with scattered very fine punctures on the ely-
tra, almost concealed by the pubescence.

4. H. b o r e a 1 i s, rotundato-ovalis, convexus piceus, subtiliter griseo-pubes-
ens, vix conspicue punctulatus, elytris striis externis duabus ad medium antice
abbre'viatis, capite rufescente, antennis testsceis. Long. -12.

One specimen, Lake Superior. The thorax is somewhat more compressed at
the sides, so that the outline is straight, and the body becomes more acuminate
in front, than in the preceding species. The surface is scarcely visibly punc-
tulate, and there are no scattered punctures on the elytra; the strife are finely,
but well impressed, and are absolutely abbreviated, not obliterated in front as
in the preceding three species, and without any traces of prolongation near
the base.

5. II. ve n t r al i s, elongato-ovalis, niger nitidus, subtiliter griseo-pubes-
cens, subtilissime punctulatus, elytris striis duabus externis profundis, ad medi-
um antice abbreviatis, capite abdomine pedibusque obscure rufo-piceis, anten-
nis flavo-testaceis. Long. -07 — -09.

Illinois, Mr. B. D. Walsh. The elongate oval body, equally rounded at each
end, and not at all acuminate in front, will readily distinguish this species.
The pubescence is very fine, and there are very fioe scattered punctures on the
elytra.

6. H obsoletus, ovalis, convexus, niger nitidus, subtiliter griseo-pubes-

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 241

cens, vix subtilissime punctulatus, elytris parce subtiliter punctulatis, striis ex-
ternis duabus subtilibus, pone medium antice abbreviatis, antennis testaceis.
Long. -10.

One specimen collected at Cape San Lucas, Lower California, by Mr. John
Xantus, and given me by Mr. Ulke. This species has also a regularly oval
form, equally rounded at eacb end, but is broader than H. n i g r i t u 1 u s, with
the striae of the elytra finer and shorter, extending scarcely more than one-
third of their length.

7. H. n igr i t u lu s, elongato-ovalis, niger nitidus, subtiliter griseo-pubes-
cens, minus dense subtiliter punctulatus, elytris striis duabus externis profun-
dis pone medium antice abbreviatis, antennis tarsisque testaceis. Long. -09.

One specimen, Pennsylvania. Of the same form and size as H. v e n t r a 1 i s,
but distinguished by. the body being entirely black, with the upper surface less
finely and not densely punctulate.

PROTHECA Lee.

The two species constituting this genus are small, short, cylindrical insects,
having more the appearance of minute Hylesinus than of any genera of
this group. The head is deeply excavated beneath, with a medial gular pro-
minence, as in Lasioderma serricorne, near which the antennae are curved
in a state of repose. The eyes are entire, slightly convex, and moderately
finely granulated. Palpi with the last joint triangular, broadly truncate. An-
tennae with the first joint long and thick, slightly curved, but scarcely auricu-
late ; second joint rounded, thicker than the following; 3 — 8 small, triangular,
the third, fifth and seventh being broader thau the others ; ninth and tenth
subtriangular, one-half longer than wide ; eleventh longer, oval, the three to-
gether as long as the preceding joints united. Prothorax convex, transverse,
gradually narrowed in front, with the sides nearly straight, hind angles rounded,
front angles very much deflexed ; prosternum very short, acute behind ; front
coxae almost contiguous, conical, depressed ; mesosternum perpendicular,
slightly concave in the middle; metasternum deeply channelled, declivous in
front each side, somewhat prominent and deeply foveate between the middle
coxaj, declivous portion scarcely excavated for reception of middle feet, but
defined posteriorly by a transverse line, extending to the medial furrow. First
ventral segment excavated for reception of hind feet, and almost entirely con-
cealed by them. Feet slender, tibiae not compressed, tarsi moderate. First
joint slightly elongated ; front tarsi visible in repose, folded over the tip of the
mandibles, and along the anterior margin of the metasternum. Epipleurse ex-
cavated beneath the humeri for the reception of the middle knees, sinuate at
the margin, and foveate for the reception of the hind knees (as in Pe ta li u m
and T h e c a) ; strife composed of punctures, scarcely impressed, even at the
sides.

Our two species may be distinguished as follows:

Striae of elytra not obsolete behind p u b e r u la.

Striae of elytra obliterated behind h isp i d a.

1. P. p u b e r u 1 a, ovalis, subcylindrica, picea, pubescens, thorace subtiliter
dense punctulato, elytris nitidis, seriebus punctorum postice haud obliteratis,
interstitiis rugosis, antennis Mavis. Long. -08.

Pennsylvania, three specimens ; Georgia, one specimen. The pubescence of
the elytra is arranged in lines, the hairs are not rigid, and the rugosities of the
intervals are quite obvious ; the striae are composed of punctures, which are
large at the base, and become small towards the tip.

2. P. h i s p i d a, ovalis, nigro-picea, opaca, pube rigida cinerea induta, tho-
race punctulato, elytris seriebus punctorum subtilibus pone medium oblitera-
tis, interstitiis alutaceis, parce punctulatis, antennis flavis. Long. -08.

1865.]

242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Georgia, several specimens. Shorter and more robust than the preceding,
and easily distinguished by the difference in sculpture.

Subgroup IV. DORCATOMATA.

The body is oval convex, or even globose, capable of being closely contracted.
The head when deflesed is received into a deep cavity of the prothorax, aud
the mandibles abut against the anterior margin of the metasternum, which ia
prolonged between the middle coxa? into a short, broad lobe, nearly truncate
in front. The antenna? are received in a sternal cavity between the front coxae,
and in the mesosternum, which is deeply buried under the metasternum. The
first joini is large and auricnlate, and the last three joints dilated and very
large, forming a loose club much longer than the preceding portion. The pro-
gternum is very short and broad, and separates widely the front coxa?, which
are small, conical and ascend perpendicularly along the sides of the cavity.
The middle legs are received in deep excavation.? of the meso- and metaster-
num, the tarsi resting in small, deep grooves behind the metasternal lobe, and
the knees in subhumeral cavities of the epipleurae. The first ventral segment
is deeply excavated each side for the reception of the hind legs ; the knees are
not received in epipleural foveas. The ventral segments seem disposed to be-
come connate.

Our genera are but two, distinguished as follows:

Prosternnm produced behind into two long horns. Dorcatoma.
Prosternum broadly truncate behind Ccenocara.

DORCATOMA Herbst, (emend. Thomson, Skand. Col. i. 90.)

This genus, as restricted by Thomson, and subsequently by Mulsant and Rey,
contains species of oval form, having the eyes slightly emarginated and rather
finely granulated. The head is not excavated beneath, but only impressed,
and the antenna? are received upon the breast, between the anterior coxa?.
Antenna? 10-jointed ; first joint large, auricnlate, second much smaller, di-
lated ; 3 — 7 narrow, very small ; eighth triangular, as long as the six preceding
united; ninth triangular, as broad as the eighth in the males, but in the fe-
males a little narrower; tenth, oval, about one-third longer than the ninth,
more or less curved, rounded at tip. Palpi with the last joint securiform.
Prosternum (visible only on dissection) broad, short, concave, produced be-
hind into two slender and divergent horns, which fit into excavations of the
mesosternum ; anterior coxa? small, perpendicular, widely distant. Mescster-
num deeply excavated, concealed under the metasternum, which is produced be-
tween the middle coxa?, and truncate in front; medial channel well marked.
Feet moderate, tibia? slender, tarsi moderate, first joint somewhat longer. First
ventral segment excavated for the reception of hind feet. Elytra generally
with two entire marginal stria?, and a short one near the humerus, more or less
visible, sometimes with stria? abbreviated near the base. The punctures in our
species are arranged so as to leave intervening, narrow, smooth vitta? ; the
epipleura? are not at all foveate for the reception of the knees of the hind feel.

Our two species may be readily distinguished by the sculpture of the elytra.

Elytra sparsely punctulate in rows, stria? entire setulosum.

Elytra densely punctulate in bands, striae abbreviated in

front incomptum.

1. D. setulosum. ovale convexum nigrum nitidum, pube brevi erecta
fusca vestitum, thorace subtiliter punctulnto, elytris subseriatim baud dense
punctulatis, seriebus fere per paria approximatis, striis duabus externis pro-
fundis, 3ia brevi antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. -09.

Lake Superior, Pennsylvania, G-orgia, also in North Carolina, (Dr. Zimmer-
mann.) The punctures of the elytra are fine, not densely placed, arranged al-
most in regular rows, which are approximated by pairs ; the pubescence is

[Oct.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 243

brown, rigid and erect; the two outer strife are deep, the third is short at the
base, but continued by punctures of large size almost to the middle. The ab-
domen is finely and densely punctured, the segments apparently connate, the
metasternum coarsely and irregularly punctured.

2. D.incomptura, ovale convexum, nigrum nitidum, pube longiore fusca
vestitum, thorace punctulato, capite abdomineque rufescentibus, elytris dense
punctulatis, vitiis angustis impunctalis ornatis, pilis bifariam positis, striis du-
abus externis profundis, antice paulo abbreviatis ; antennis testaceis, pedibu3
piceis. Long. 09.

South Carolina (Dr. Zimmermann,) and Pennsylvania ; two specimens. The
punctures of the elytra are very fine and close set, arranged in bands, with in-
tervening, narrow, smooth bands ; the pubescence is brown, and the hairs lie
some longitudinally, some obliquely directed outwards ; the striae are deep, do
not extend to the base, but are abbreviated about the anterior fourth ; no vestige
of a short humeral stria is seen. The abdomen is finely, the metasternum more
coarsely and less densely, but equally punctured.

CCENOCARA Thorns., Skand. Col. i. 90, (1859.)

Synonyms. Tylistus Lee, Class. Col. 203, (1862.) Enneatoma
Muls. $'Rey, Col. Fr. Terediles, 367, (1863.)

In this genus the body is broadly ovate, nearly globose ; the eyes are deeply
emarginate, and nearly divided by an impression. The antennae are 9-jointed ;
first joint long, auriculate, second small, rather broader than its length ; 3 — 6
very small, indistinct; seventh large, transverse triangular, very much pro-
duced inwards in the male ; eighth elongate, subtriangular, as long as the
transverse diameter of the preceding joint, ninth longer than the eighth, elon-
gate oval, somewhat curved, very small at point of attachment to preceding
joint. Palpi with the last joint triangular, truncate : head transversely vaguely
excavated beneath. Piosternum very short, concave, broadly truncate behind,
widely separating the anterior coxae; mesosternum entirely concealed under
metasternum, deeply concave. Metasternum large, not channelled ; produced
between the middle coxae, and widely truncate in front. First ventral segment
excavated for reception of hind feet. Feet slender, tibiae not compressed, tarsi
moderate. First joint longer than the two following united. Elytra with
three striae towards the sides, the two outer ones entire, the inner one extending
from the humerus to near the middle.

The larvae live in species of Lycoperdon (puff balls,) and before being
transformed construct small, ellipsoidal cells, in which the subsequent changes
take place. The perfect insects are found on leaves, chiefly of oak.

The two species in my collection are easily distinguished.

Elytra coarsely punctured, pubescence hispid o c u 1 a ta.

Elytra finely punctured, pubescence short, prostrate scymnoides.

To this genus probably belongs Dorcatoma bi color Germ., Ins. Nov. 79,
which is unknown to me. The antennae, head, thorax and feet are red, the
rest of the body black.

1. C. oculata. Dorcatoma oculata Say, Long's Exped. St. Peters., ii. 273,
((-^); (ed. LeConte, i. 180 ;) Bore, simile Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., i. 166,
( 9 ) ; (ed. LeConte, ii. 642 ;) Tylistus similis Lee, Class. Col. N. Amer., 204.

Abuudant throughout the Atlantic States, from Lake Superior to Louisiana,
and from Maine to Kansas. The punctures of the elytra are coarse and distant,
and the pubescence rigid and snberect, some of the hairs directed longitudi-
nally, others obliquely outwards. In the female the seventh joint of the an-
tennae is almost regularly triangular, and but little produced inwards; the
eighth joint is less slender than in the male, and the last joint less arcuated.
These differences account for the two specific names given by Say. The striae
are deep, and the inner one extends from the base nearly to the middle.

1865.]

244 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

•

2. C. seymnoides, rotundata convexa nigra subnitida, confertim subtili-
us punctata, pube brevi cinerea depressa vestita, striis externis duabus integris,
3ia ante medium postice abbreviata, antennis tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis.
Long. -10.

One specimen (female) collected in Vermont, by the late Prof. C. B. Adams.
The fine, short cinereous pubescence produces a pruinose appearance ; the
striaft are less deep than in C. o c u 1 at a. The under surface is less coarsely
and more densely punctured than in that species. The seventh joint of the an-
tenna? has the form of an equilateral triangle ; the eighth is narrower, and sub-
triangular, the ninth elongate, oval and not curved. The general appearance,
dependent on the form and pubescence, is that of aScymnus.

November 7 th.
Mr. Cassin, Vice-President, in the Chair.
Twenty-five members present.

November 14 th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Thirty-four members present.
The following paper was offered for publication :
" Contributions to tbe Palaeontology of Illinois," &c. By F. B.
Meek and A. H. Worthen.

November 21 st.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Thirty-one members present.

November ,28th.
The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.
Thirty-four members present.

December bth.

Mr. Vaux, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.
The following paper was offered for publication :
" Observations on the microscopic shell structure of the Spirifer
cupidatus," &c. By F. B. Meek.

Adjourned Business Meeting from November 28th.

On report of the Committee the following paper was ordered to be
published :

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 245

Contributions to the PALEONTOLOGY of Illinois and other Western States.

BY F. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN,

(Of the Illinois State Geological Surrey.)

MOLLUSCA.

LAMELLIBRANCHIA TA .

Genus LITHOPHAGA, Bolten, 1798.

(Lithodomus, Cuvier, 1817.)

LlTHOPHAGA? PERTENU1S, M. & W.

Shell slender, elongated, narrowing anteriorly, extremely thin, moderately
convex, in the central and anterior regions, more compressed and cuneate
behind ; posterior margin narrowly rounded in outline; anterior extremity
extremely short and very narrowly rounded ; basal margin straight along the
middle, and curving up gradually towards the extremities ; hinge line
straight, not exactly parallel to the base, and apparently about half as long
as the shell, — passing imperceptibly into the posterior dorsal margin. Beaks
almost terminal, very oblique, and nearly obsolete; umbonal gibbosity
slightly raised above the hinge line. Surface smooth, or with only faint
traces of fine concentric stri e, and very obscure, undefined concentric undu-
lations.

Length, 1*73 inch, height, 0'6"2 inch ; convexity, 0'50 inch.

This species has very nearly the form of the following, but may be dis-
tinguished by its smooth surface, which never shows the distinct thread-like
concentric striae and regular wrinkles of that shell. As we know nothing of
the hinge and interior of these species, we merely place them provisionally in
the genus Lithophaga, from the similarity of their external characters, to the
recent L. lithophaga. Possibly their names should be written Modiolus lin-
gua/is and M. perlenuis, or more properly Volsella lingualis, and V. pertenuis,
as they may belong to that genus, and Modiolus and M>diola are merely sy-
nonyms with the older name Volsella.

Locality and position. Warsaw, Illinois. Warsaw division of the subcar-
boniferous series.

Lithophaga ? lingualis, Phillips (?) sp.

Modiola lingualis, Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, ii, p. 209, pi. v, fig. 2.

The shell we have referred with doubt to Phillips' species cited above,
agrees with his figure in so many respects, that we are inclined to believe it
probably identical, though it may prove to be distinct on comparison of speci-
mens.*! It is an exceedingly thin shell, and ornamented by moderately
strong thread-like concentric strise, which, on the umbonal slopes, sometimes
form neat little ridges or undulations, while a few more irregular, distant
marks of growth, are seen on other parts of the surface. Some of the speci-
mens are much larger than that figured by Phillips, being nearly three inches
in length. The direction of the marks of growth on these larger specimens,
show that they were almost exactly like Phillips' figures, when of the same
size. They also show that the hinge line is long, straight, and bordered by
a slender marginal line within.

Locality and position. Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk division of subcarbonif-
erous series.

* Tt is much to be regretted that many of the species figured by Trof. Phillips in his Geology of
Yorkshire, have not yet been fully and clearly described.

18G5.]

246 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

Genus MODIOLOPSIS, Hall, 1847.

MODIOLOPSIS PEROVATA, M. & W.

Shell longitudinally ovate, the widest part being a little behind the middle,
compressed, very thin, extremely inequilateral and oblique; posterior side
compressed, cuneate, regularly rounded in outline ; anterior side very short,
more narrowly rounded than the posterior margin. Dorsal outline forming
a broad, nearly regular arch from the beaks into the posterior border ; base
oblique, and somewhat straightened just in front of the middle, and round-
ing up towards the extremities. Beaks compressed, scarcely projecting be-
yond the rounded anterior outline, and placed directly over the anterior ex-
tremity. Surface marked with regular concentric striae, and small, irregular
furrows. Anterior muscular impression oval, distinct, located close to the
margin, under the beak.

Length, 1-92 inches ; height, 1-18 inches; convexity, (MO inch.

This species has much the general appearance of Modiolopsis concentrica,
(Hall, Geol. Fourth Dist. p. 19b', fig. 9,) but differs in having its anterior out-
line rounded, instead of protuberant and subangular in outline. Its margin
is also more prominent in the antero-ventral region, and without "a longitu-
dinal impression directly below the beaks."

Locality and position. White Sulphur Springs, Delaware County, Ohio.
Hamilton Group, of Devonian series.

Genus PLEUROPHORUS, King, 1844.
Pleurophokus subcostatus.

Shell elongate-oblong, moderately convex ; umbonal ridges the most convex
part of the valves, and extending obliquely from the beaks towards the pos-
tero-basal margin ; anteror ventral region somewhat compressed ; basal and
cardinal margins very nearly straight and subparallel, the former being usu-
ally somewhat sinuous or arcuate along the middle ; extremities rather nar-
rowly rounded, the posterior being generally a little wider than the other,
and sometimes faintly subtruncate obliquely. Hinge line long and nearly
straight ; posterior lateral tooth of each valve elongated parallel to the hinge
margin, very remote from the cardinal teeth, and extending back a little be-
yond the posterior muscular impression. Beaks depressed upon a line with
the dorsal margin, small, somewhat compressed, and placed about one-ninth
the entire length of the shell behind the anterior margin. Scar of the ante-
rior adductor muscle deep, trigonal-subovate, pointed above, and strongly de-
fined by the prominent vertical ridge just behind it ; those of the pedal
muscles small, nearly marginal, and located directly over the anterior ad-
ductors ; posterior adductor scars larger and more shallow than the anterior,
subquadr, te in outline, and placed close up under the posterior hinge teeth.
Pallial impression well defined. Surface of casts showing traces of a few ob-
scure concentric markings, crossed on the postero-dorsal region by traces of
about three equal obscure radiating costse. Exterior surface and cardinal
teeth unknown.

Length of a medium sized specimen, (internal cast,) 0 88 inch ; height of
do., 0-37 inch ; convexity, 0-26 inch. Some larger specimens of same pro-
portion, measure 1*33 inches in length.

This species is apparently related to P. costatus, of Brown (sp.), some vari-
eties of which, as figured by Prof. King <Monogr. Permian Fossils, England,
pi. xv.) it closely resembles, at any rate, so far as can be determined from the
comparison of internal casts. Yet it evidently differs from that species, in
having the scars of its pedal muscles nearly marginal, and placed directly
over those of the anterior adductors, instead of partly behind them upon the
internal ridge. This ridge is also stronger in our species ; while the basal
margins of its valves are likewise more sinuous.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 247

This shell is also scarcely distinguishable from a form that has been re-
garded as a variety of P. subcuneata, Meek & Hayden, in the Permian and
Permo carboniferous beds of Kansas. Whether specifically identical with
this Kansas shell, (the supposed variety of P. subcunetta,) may admit of some
doubt ; bat it certainly differs materially from the typical form of P. subcu-
neata, not only in attaining a much larger size, but in its distinctly sinuous
instead of convex basal margin ; also in the presence of radiating postero-
dorsal costse.

Locality and position. North branch Saline Creek, Gallatin County, 111-,
in a bed belonging to the upper Coal Measures.

PLEUROPHORUS ? ANGULATOS, M. & W.

Shell oblong, about twice and a half as long as high, rather convex ; car-
dinal and ventral margins straight and parallel, or the latter very faintly sin-
uous along the middle; posterior side (which is a little imperfect in our spe-
cimen,) apparently obliquely truncated above, and very narrowly rounded
below ; anterior side very short, sloping abruptly from the beaks above, and
abruptly rounded beneath ; hinge line very straight, rather long, but shorter
than the base. Beaks depressed upon a line with the dorsal outline, and
located very near the anterior margin ; umbonal ridge prominent and dis-
tinctly angular from the beaks to the posterior basal extremity. Surface of
internal cast, showing faint traces of two or three distant, very obscure, con-
centric ridges, or undulations.

Length, 0-52 inch ; height, 0-20 inch ; convexity, 0-16 inch.

This is one of the kind of forms usually referred by palaeontologists to
Cypricardia, but as we very much doubt the existence of that genus, as
properly restricted to such types as the recent C. guinaca, Lamarck, during
the deposition of the palaeozoic rocks, we have concluded to refer it provis-
ionally to the genus Pleurophorus. Until its hinge and internal characters,
however, can be more clearly determined, its true relations must remain
doubtful.

The most marked peculiarities of the species are its oblong form, straight
and parallel cardinal aud ventral margins, and distinctly angular umbonal
ridge. Its anterior muscular impressions seem not to be as distinct as usual
in the genus Pleurophorus, but this may be due to a defect in our specimen,
which is an internal cast. All we know of the hinge, is an impression of a
long, linear posterior lateral tooth, parallel to the cardinal margin, and most
distinct behind. This tooth appears to have been double in the left valve,
for the reception of a similar elongated tooth in the right.

Locality and position. Wabash Cut-off, near New Harmony, Indiana.

Pleurophorus costatiformis, M. & W.

Shell elongate, suboval, moierately convex, slightly arcuate ; the dorsal
and ventral margins rather long and nearly parallel, the former being a little
concave in outline, and the latter convex ; extremities narrowly rounded.
Beaks small, depressed, or scarcely rising above the dorsal margin, — oblique,
somewhat compressed, incurved, and placed very near the anterior end ;
lunule small, moderately deep. Surface ornamented by concentric striae of
growth, and a few stronger concentric ridg6S, crossed on the postero-dorsal
and dorsal regions, by five distinct equidistant, radiating ridges or plications,
extending obliqu> ly from the beaks to the posterior margin. Of these plica-
tions, the lowest is the most prominent, and forms the umbonal ridge ; while
the upper one runs parallel to the cardinul margin, aud forms the boundary
of the long corselet or escutcheon. (Hinge and interior unknown.)

Length, about 1'10 inch; height, 0 46 inch; convexity, 0-43 inch.

At the same time that we propose to name this as a new species, we con-
fess that if we had found it in Permian strata, we should have, from its

1865.]

248

PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF

external characters at least, referred it to Pleurophorus costaim, Brown, (sp.)
Indeed it seems to be as nearly like Prof. King's principal figure of that
species, (f. 13, pi. xv, Perm. Foss. of England,) as any other individual speci-
men could possibly be expected to be, and more nearly like it than any other
figure of that shell we have ever seen. Nevertheless, from the different
horizons occupied by these shells, we have scarcely a doubt that, if we could
see the hinge and interior of that now before us, good specific differences
would be observable.

Locality and position. Keokuk division of the subcarboniferous series,
Warsaw, Illinois.

Genus GRAMMYSIA, De Verneuil, 1847.

GkAMMYSIA ? RHOMBOIDALIS, M. & W.

Shell rather large, very gibbous, presenting a rhombic form as seen in a
Bide view, and a distinctly cordate outline as seen in an anterior or posterior
view; umbonal slopes extremely prominent and very oblique ; beaks nearly
terminal, approximate at their points, rising above the hinge line, and dis-
tinctly curved inwards and forwards ; anterior and antero-ventral regions im-
mediately in front of the oblique umbonal ridge, abruptly contracted, with a
broad undefined depression extending from the front part of the beaks obliquely
to a point near the middle of the base ; dorsal region between the umbonal
ridge^ and the cardinal margin, a little concave near the beaks. Posterior
margin obliquely truncated with a moderately convex outline to the posterior
basal extremity, which is subangular, or very narrowly rounded ; base rather
long, a little convex in outline behind the middle, and straight or slightly
sinuous just in front of it, but rounding obliquely upward anteriorly. Anterior
side (which is imperfect in our specimen) short, or apparently scarcely pro-
jecting beyond the beaks, more or less obliquely rounded and somewhat gap-
ing ; cardinal margin (judging from casts) rather short, and inflected so as to
form behind the beaks a distinctly defined, rather wide depression or es-
cutcheon. Surface, as near as can be determined from casts, ornamented with
small, regular concentric ridges. Hinge, muscular and pallial impressions
unknown.

Length, about 3-55 inches ; height, 2-06 inches ; greatest breadth (near the
middle of valves), 2-42 inches.

The most marked peculiarities about this shell, are the remarkable promi-
nence and obliquity of its umbonal ridges, —which near the beaks stand out
as if compressed antero-posteriorly, — and the nearly terminal, obliquely in-
curved character of the beaks. The specimen is not in a condition to show
whether or not it has a distinct lunule in front of the beaks, but we suspect
that it has. In some respects it resembles in form Ci/rtodonta Hindi of Billings,
from the Cincinnati group, or so called Hudson riverbed of Canada, but diflers
in having its umbonal ridges so much more prominent as to give greater con-
vexity to the valves ; while its umbones, although more prominent, are much
narrower in their antero posterior diameter. More important differences,
howeve^ are the presence of a broad undefined sulcus extending obliquely
from the anterior side of the beaks of our shell, to near the middle of its base,
and the apparent slightly gaping character of its anterior side. Notwithstand-
ing the general resemblance of these forms, there can be little doubt but they
really belong to distinct families, since the Canadian shell doubtless belongs
to the Arcidw, Avhile that before us appears to be related to the Anatinidce.

Although we have placed our shell provisionally in the genus Grammysia,
we strongly suspect that when its hinge and interior can be seen, it will
be found to be either generic-ally or subgenerieally distinct from G. hi sulcata,
Con. sp., the type upon which that genus was founded. At any rate, it dif-
fers materially in form, and the prominence of its umbonal ridges, as well as

[»

ec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 249

in the absence of a mesial ridge extending from the beaks to the middle of its
basal margin, from that and other well determined species of the genus.

Should it be found necessary to establish a new genus for this shell, we
would propose to call it Rhombocardia. We remember a similar, but distinct
species, from the New York Hamilton Group, which, if we mistake not, has been
described by Mr. Conrad, though we cannot just now recall its name.

Locality and position. — Bake-oven, Jackson Co., Illinois, Hamilton Group.

Genus CONOCARDIUM, Bronn, 1837.

CoNOCARDIUM OBLIQUUM, M. & W.

Shell rather small, obliquely subtrigonal, gibbous ; anterior side (posterior
of Woodward) very obliquely and abruptly truncated with a forward slope,
and flattened so as to present a regular, cordate outline in a front view ; an-
terior auricle narrow, but of unknown length ; base very short ; posterior
margin sloping up from the base so as to intersect the hinge at an angle of
about 45°, rather widely gaping, and crenate its entire length. Beaks mode-
rately prominent, small, strongly incurved ; umbonal slopes very prominent,
angular, and directed obliquely forward to the angular anterior basal extremity.
Surface ornamented with rather sharply elevated, threadlike, subcrenate radia-
ting ribs, narrower than the depressions between ; each of these depressions on
the posterior and flattened anterior sides of the valves occupied by a smaller
intermediate rib ; entire surface also marked by fine very regular radiating
and concentric striae, so as to produce a neat minutely cancellated sculpturing,
as seen under a magnifier.

Length from the posterior extremity to the produced antero-basal angle,
0"70 inch ; height from the latter to the beaks, 0 50 inch ; length from the
beaks to the posterior extremity, 0-37 inch ; convexity, 0-44 inch ; breadth of
posterior hiatus, 0-17 inch.

We know of no other species liable to be confounded with this. Its most
marked features are the great backward obliquity of its umbonal axis, by
which its beaks are placed even a little behind the middle of the body part of
the shell ; and the beautiful regular cancellated style of ornament seen be-
tween the ribs, under a magnifier.

Locality and position.— Coal Measures. Wabash Cutoff, Posey County, Ind.

Genus EDMONDIA, De Koninck, 1842.

EDMONDIA ? PEROBLONGA, M. &. W.

Shell oblong, the length being about double the height, very inequilateral,
moderately convex ; the greatest convexity along the oblique umbonal slopes,
above and below which the valves are cuneate postero-dorsally, and antero-
ventrally. Posterior side distinctly compressed near the extremity, its mar-
gin rounded or subtruncate in outline ; anterior side very short, less com-
pressed and rather more narrowly rounded than the other ; basal and dorsal
margins nearly straight and parallel, the former being very slightly convex in
outline a little in advance of the middle. Beaks near the anterior end, very
oblique, compressed, and but slightly elevated above the hinge margin ; umbo-
nal slopes prominently rounded from the beaks obliquely to near the posterior
inferior margin. Surface of caA showing only faint traces of a few irregular
concentric undulations below the umbonal ridge. (Hinge and interior un-
known.)

Length, 2-46 inch ; height 1-25 inch. Convexity of a left valve, 0-47 inch.

Although we have but a cast of this shell, showing neither the hinge, in-
ternal characters, nor the surface markings, we have thought it should be in-
dicated, as better specimens can scarcely be expected from such a matrix.
We confess, however, that we are totally at a loss respecting its generic charac-
ters, and merely place it provisionally in the genus EJmondia.

1865.]

250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

In general appearance this shell approaches Edmondia ? compressa, of McCoy,
(Carb. Foss. Ireland, pi. 13, fig. 10,) but it is rather longer in proportion to its
height, and has much less prominent, and more compressed beaks, as well as
subangular, instead of rounded umbonal slopes.

Locality and position. — Lasalle, Illinois. Siliceous limestone of the Upper
Coal Measures.

Genus CHiENOMYA, Meek, 1865.*

CH/ENOMTA ? RHOMBOIDEA, M. & W.

Shell rather small, short, moderately convex ; outline rhombic as seen in a
side view ; basal and dorsal marg'ns nearly straight and parallel ; the former
very abruptly curved upwards behind, and more gradually in front ; anterior
aide very short and truncated or a little rounded ; posterior side distinctly
truncated (obliquely) nearly the entire breadth or height of the valves, gap-
ing but not dilated ; dorsal margin less than the entire length of the shell,
and inflected so as to form a narrow but well defined escutcheon or false area.
Beaks narrow, or compressed antero-posteriorly, rather pointed, prominent
and incurved, nearly terminal or placed directly over the anterior margin.
Umbonal slopes oblique, very prominent near the beaks, but less so aleng
the central and postero-ventral regions ; anterior and ventral regions ab-
ruptly cuneate, with a very faint undefined impression extending from the
beaks obliquely backwards, towards the middle of the base, just in front of
the umbonal prominence. Surface of cast ornamented with small, regular
concentric undulations, with apparently very faint indications of very small
radiating striae.

Length 1-17 inches ; height from ventral to cardinal margin, 0-80 inch, do. to
summit of beaks, 0-90 inch; convexity, 0-65 inch; gape of valves behind,
0-25 inch.

Although this species seems to agree, in most of its known characters, with
the types upon which the genus Chanomya was established, it differs in being
a proportionally shorter and less widely gaping shell, while its beaks are much
more prominent and oblique. As we know nothing of its hinge or interior,
nor of its finer surface markings, it is only provisionally that we place it in
the genus Chcenomya. Possibly we should call it Allorisma rhomboidalis, or
Sedgwickia rhomboidalis.

Locality and position.— St. Louis Limestone, of Subcarboniferous Series.
Alton, Illinois.

CHiENOMYA ? HYBEIDA, M. & W.

Shell longitudinally oblong, moderately convex, somewhat arcuate ; dorsal
margin concave in outline, ventral border longer than the dorsal, and forming
a broad gentle curve nearly parallel to the dorsal outline, excepting a very
faint sinuosity in advance of the middle ; posterior side a little compressed
near the extremity, but rather distinctly gaping — truncated or somewhat
rounded in outline ; anterior margin sloping forward from the beaks above,
and apparently narrowly rounded below. Beaks moderately prominent, some-
what compressed, and placed less than one-fourth the length of the valves
from the anterior extremity ; umbonal slopes not prominent ; flanks evenly
convex in the central region, and a little contacted anteriorly, so as to form
a very faint undefined depression from the bfjpts to the base. Surface (of a
cast)*showing small, obscure concentric ridges, which are most distinct and
regular along the posterior umbonal slopes, where they are abruptly deflected
upward at an obtuse angle ; anteriorly they are smaller, more closely arranged,
and deflected obliquely forward and upward.

* In describing the genus Chxnomya in the Palaeontology of Up. Mo., p. 42, 1865, some doubtn
were expressed by me, in a foot note, whether or not it might bo identical with An'.hracomya, of
Salter, a description of which i had not at that time seen. Since seeing Mr. Salter's figures axti
description. I am entirely satisfied that these forms belong to clearly distinot genera.— K. B. M.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 251

Length, 1*90 inches; height to cardinal margin, 0-90 inch ; to summit of
beaks, 1 inch ; convexity, 0-68 inch.

This is another form that can only be referred provisionally to the genns
Chcenomya, since we know nothing of its hinge and muscular and pallial im-
pressions. It has the form of the typical species of that group, excepting that
its posterior extremity is more compressed, and not so widely gaping. Its
most peculiar surface character, is the abrupt deflection of its obscure con-
centric ridges, which give it much the appearance of a Goniomya. Indeed if
found amongst Cretaceous or Jurassic fossils, we would not hesitate to refer it
to that genus. As in some species of Goniomya, the ridges run parallel to the
base along the middle of the valves, between the points where they are de-
flected. Perhaps we should call it Allorisma hyhrida, but for the present we
refer it provisionally to the genus Chcenomya. We know of no species with
which it is liable to be confouuded.

Locality and position. — Keokuk division of the Subcarboniferous Series ;
Nauvoo, Illinois.

Genus SEDGWICKIA, McCoy, 1844.

Sedgwickia (Sangdinolites ?) subakcuata, M. and W.

Shell elongate, suboval, somewhat arcuate, rather convex in the central
auterior, and umbonal regions ; anterior side sloping, with a slightly convex
outline from the beaks forward, and rather narrowly rounded at the extremity ;
posterior side narrow and compressed above and behind the umbonal ridge,
and obliquely truncated at the extremity ; dorsal outline horizontal and con-
cave behind the beaks ; ventral margin forming a long gentle convex curve,
nearly parallel to the dorsal margin, curving up gradually towards tho front,
and very abruptly at the posterior basal extremity. Beaks moderately promi-
nent, and placed about one-tkird the entire length of the shell from tho an-
terior extremity ; umbonal ridge prominently rounded from the beaks to near
the posterior basal extremity. Surface of cast without visible ci>neentrie
ridges or other markings.

Length, 2-20 inches ; height, 0-95 inch ; convexity, 0-72 inch.

We are by no means sure that this shell belongs to the genus Sedgwickia,
as properly restricted to such forms as S. attenuata and S. corruya/a of McCoy,
since it is more elongated, and wants the concentric ridges usually seen on
these shells. Iu general outline it approaches some species of Cercomya,
Agassiz, such for instance as C. striata, from the upper jura, but its posterior
umbonal ridge is not so angular, while its surface, judging from internal casts,
seems to have been very nearly smooth. As we only know it from casts,
nothing can be determined in regard to its hinge, nor have we any means of
ascertaining the nature of its muscular and pallial impressions. Possibly we
should call it Allorisma subarcuata, though its rather prominent umbonal
ridg^, compressed posterior dorsal region, apparently smooth surface, and con-
vex anterior slope, without a depression in front of the beaks, give it a kind
of Lyonsia like aspect, not seen iu the known species of that genus.

Locality and position. — Upper beds of the Keokuk division of the Subcarbo-
niferous series.

GASTEROPODA.

Genus HOLOPEA, Hall, 1847.

Subgenus ISONEMA, M. & W.

ISONEMA DEPRESSA, M. & W.

Shell much depressed, considerably wider than high : volutions nearly
four, increasing rather rapidly in size, obliquely compressed, with a slightly
convex outward slope above, — last one subangular around the middle, and

1865.]

252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

about as convex below as above tbe angle ; suture well denned ; aperture
rhomboid suborbicular, more rounded on the inner than the outer side ; outer
lip sharp and oblique in outline ; inner lip flattened, or somewhat furrowed
below, apparently for the reception of the edge of an operculum ; umbilical
region very slightly impressed, but not perforated. Surface ornamented with
strong, very regular, transverse lines, most distinct on the upper side of the
whorls, where they cross from the suture a little obliquely backwards, with a
slight forward curve, to the periphery, over which they cross iu the same
oblique direction, and pass on towards tbe umbilical region without any visi-
ble curve.

Height, 0-41 inch ; breadth, 0-50 inch.

This shell may be regarded as the type of a group apparently related to
Eolopea and Cyclonema, though it may be distinct from both. In some respects
it seems more nearly related to the latter group, but differs from the known
species of that genus, in having no traces of revolving lines. From the typical
forms of Holopea, it differs in having its volutions much less rounded above,
and more prominent or subangular around the middle, and its transverse lines
much more distinct. In its surface markings, and general appearance, it very
closely resembles Isonema bellatula (Loxonema bellatula,* Hall, Fifteenth Re-
port of Regents, pi. 4, fig. 4,) evidently belonging to the same group, but it
differs specifically in being much more depressed, or almost subdiscoidal.

Judging from some Ohio specimens, apparently identical with Isonnna bd
latula, Hall, (sp.,) it seems probable that some species of this group may be
slightly umbilicate.

Locality and position.— White Sulphur Springs, Delaware County, Ohio,
Hamilton division of the Devonian series.

Genus PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance, 1825.

Pleurotomaria (Murchisonia ?) META, M. & W.

Shell rather small, conical ; spire elevated ; volutions six or seven, rounded,
increasing regularly and gradually from the apex ; last one slightly produced
below, and forming about one-third of the entire length. Suture deep and
well defined, in consequence of the convexity of the whorls. Spiral band flat,
smooth, scarcely impressed below the general surface, and placed near the
middle of the whorls ; one third as wide as the volutions of the spire. Sur-
face without revolving striae, or ridges, but ornamented by small, regular,
oblique costae, which in crossing the upper side of the whorls, curve grace-
fully backwards as they approach the band, below which they are nearly
obsolete and curve forward. Aperture orbicular ; columella apparently per-
forated by a very small umbilicus.

Length, 0-37 inch; breadth, 0-23 inch; apical angle regular, divergence

about 40°. . ' .

This species will be distinguished by its produced conical spire, and rounded,
gradually enlarging volutions, which characters give it an intermediate
appearance between the genera Murchisonia and Pleiirotomaria. In form it is
much like Pleurotemaria trilineata, Hall, but it differs from that species in
being entirely without revolving markings.

Locality and position. --Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk division of Subcaibomf-
erous Series.

PTEROPODA.

? Genus CONULARIA, Miller, 1818.

CONULARIA MULTICOSTATA, M. & W.

Shell with sides equal and tapering to the apex at an angle of about 22£° ;

\

* We cannot believe these forms can be properly included in the genus Loxonema, as restricted
to such shells as the typical Terebra sinuosa, of Sowerby.

[Dec

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 253

furrows at the angles distinct and linear ; sides without a mesial furrow,
(fostae exceedingly fine and closely arranged, arching gently towards the aper-
ture, and sometimes interrupted or alternating at the middle ; most distant at
about 0*80 inch from the apex, where there are 10 or 11 in the space of 0'20
inch, while about 18 occupy the same space near the aperture ; all, as well as
the depressions between, very minutely crenate or granulose.

Length, l-30 inches ; breadth, 0-80 inch.

This species is remarkable for its extremely slender, and closely
crowded costae, which are not readily seen at a little distance ; and it is only
nnder a good magnifier that the very minute crenulations can be seen. The
spaces between the costae are slightly wider than the costae themselves, and
apparently marked by minute cross-lines, or crenulations, coincident with
those of the costae. Sometimes they appear to be obsolete on the costae, and
more distinct in the depressions. It is very distinct from all of the described
species known to us.

Locality and position. — Richfield, Summit County, Ohio. Waverley Sand-
stone, 50 to 60 feet below the Millstone Grit.

CoNULARIA SUBCARBONARIA, M. & W.

Shell very large, very thin, more or less distinctly and nearly equally four-
aided, the sides and angles being somewhat rounded, and converging towards
the smaller extremity, at an angle of about 18° ; section quadrangular, mesial
furrow along each side very obscure, those at the angles distinct ; aperture
subquadrangular, or subrhombic and contracted ; lip very profoundly notched,
or divided at the angles, so as to form four triangular flaps or appendages,
with inflected lateral margins. Surface ornamented with numerous, slender,
transverse costae, which arch slightly towards the aperture in crossing each
side, without any interruption or backward curve at the obscure mesial
sulcus ; costae regularly crenate, and separated by slightly wider depressions
near the middle of the shell, but much more crowded towards the aperture ;
depressions between the costae, with very obscure transverse furrows, coinci-
dent with the crenatures of the costae. .

Length, about 425 inches ; greatest breadth, measuring diagonally across
between opposite angles of an obliquely compressed specimen, l-63 inches;
greatest breadth of one side, 1-23 inches. Number of costae in the space of
0*20 inch, near the middle of the shell, 10 ; do. near the aperture, about 20.
Number of crenatures in the same space on each of the costae, 20.

In general appearance, the species of this genus usually present compara-
tively little difference, and often they resemble so closely in their ornamenta-
tion, as not to be very readily distinguished. Probably the most marked
peculiarity of this species is the presence of sharply defined notches in the lip,
at the corners, extending down nearly an inch from the margins of the aper-
ture, and widening upwards, so as to divide the lip into four subtriangular
flaps, which bend a little inwards, so as to contract the aperture, and cause
the widest part of the shell to be an inch or more below its upper extremity.
Our specimen is not in a condition to show whether these flaps are pointed or
truncated at the extremity.

This species will be readily distinguished from the last by its coarser, and
more widely separated, as well as more coarsely crenate costae, even where the
deep notches of its lip cannot be seen.

Locality and position. — Keokuk division of the Subcarboniferou3 Series.
Warsaw, Illinois.

CONULARIA WHITEI, M. & W.

Shell of medium size, tapering at an angle of about thirty degrees. Surface
ornamented with distinct, linear, transverse, minutely crenate costae, whioh
arch upward, or towards the aperiure, in crossing the sides, and either past
without interruption, the imaginary mesial line, or more frequently terminate
1865.] 17

254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

there, those on opposite sides of this line alternating. Depressions between
the costae several times as wide as the costae themselves, but diminishing
regularly and gradually in breadth, from tin larger to the smaller extremity
of the shell..

Length of a specimen incomplete at the larger end, 2-SO inches ; breadth,
(as obliquely flattened by pressure), 1*20 inch. Number of costae near the
larger end, in 0-30 inch, 6; do. in same space, 0*75 inch from the smaller
extremity, 12.

This species presents a marked contrast to the last, in its more widely sepa-
rated costae, as well as in having the costae much more finely crenate ; indeed,
to the natural eye, they seem to be perfectly smooth. When carefully exam-
ined under a magnifier, however, they are seen to be very minutely crenate.

Locality and position. — Waver ley Sandstone, Richfield, Summit County.
Ohio, 50 to 60 feet below the Millstone Grit.

? Genus TENTACULITES, Schlotheim, 1820.
Tentaculites tenuistkiatus, M. & W.

Shell attaining a rather large size, gradually tapering, and a little curved :
annulations large, prominent, rather obtuse near the smaller end ; separated
by rounded constrictions of about 0*10 inch breadth at the larger extremity
of a specimen one inch or more in length. Surface marked by numerous, very
fine, regular, closely arranged longitudinal stria?, most distinctly marked in
the rounded depressions between the annulations. Aperture circular.

Length, 1*16 inches ; breadth at the aperture, measuring upon one of the
rings, 0-25 inch ; do. between the rings, 0*19 inch ; space occupied by four
rings and the three intervening spaces at the larger end, 0*30 inch ; while the
same space includes six rings at the smaller end.

This species resembles rather closely the enlarged figure of a form from the
same horizon, referred by Prof. Hall to his T. flexuosa, (pi. 78 fig. 26, Palaeont.
N. Y. Vol. 1.) ; but its annulations are sharper, and its longitudinal stria?
more crowded ; while the natural size #of the New York species is much
smaller.

Dr. Shumardhas also described, under the name T. incurvus, (Missouri Re-
port, p. 195,) a similar form, though bis species is much smaller, with more
crowded rings, while it also differs in having minute annular striae.

Locality and position. — Cincinnati Group of Lower Silurian Series. Alex-
ander County, Illinois.

Tentaculites Oswegoensis, M. & W.

Shell attaining a rather large size, very gradually tapering to an acute point,
distinctly arched, particularly towards the smaller extremity ; section circu-
lar ; annulations rather prominent, somewhat obtuse, from three to three and
a half in a space equalling the transverse diameter, diminishing very regular-
ly in size, and in their distance apart, from the larger to the smaller extremity.
Surface without longitudinal or (visible) transverse stria?.

Length, 1*45 inches; greatest transverse diameter, 0-16 inch; space occu-
pied by six annulations, and five of the intermediate constrictions, at the
larger end, 0-35 inch.

This species has much the general appearance of curved individuals of 7".
etongatus, Hall, from the Lower Helderburg Group, (Upper Silurian) of New
York, but is decidedly more strongly arched, proportionally more slender, and
has more closely arranged annulations, while it shows no traces of the annn-
lar"l8trise seen on the N. Y. species.

• From our T. tenuistriatus, described on the preceding page, it will be dis-
tinguished by its more slender form, more closely arranged rings, and the ab-
sence of longitudinal striae. The last mentioned character, and its much

[Dee

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 255

larger size, will also distinguish it from T. incurvus, of Shumard, (Missouri
Report, pi. B, fig. 6a, b.)

Locality and position. Cincinnati Group, of Lower Silurian ; Oswego, Ken-

dall Co., Ill

»

Tentaculites Sterlingensis, M. & W.

Comp. T.flexuosus, Hall. Palaeont. N. Y., i. p. 2S4, (not ib, 92.)

Shell small, slightly arched, and gradually tapering to a point ; section cir-
cular ; annulations prominent, angular, rising abruptly from the surface, usu-
ally about their own breadth apart ; constrictions between the annulations
with fine, sharply elevated, longitudinal striae, which are not continued upon
the rings.

Lengtu, 056 inch ; breadth at the larger end, 0-08 inch ; annulations live
in the space of £ of an inch at the larger end, and nine or ten in the same
6pace at the smaller end. Longitudinal striae, five in the space of 0*02 inch.

It is not improbable that this will prove to be the form from the so-called
Hudson River group, referred by Prof. Hall to his T. Jlexuosus, in vol. i.
p. 284, Palaeont. N. Y. As that specific name, however, was founded upon
a Trenton fossil, described as being septate, and having nine rings in £ of an
inch, (being,«as is now supposed, the column of a Cystidian), the name /eiu-
osus could not be properly applied to this form, even if identical with the
New York species from the higher position.

It will be distinguished from T. incurvus, of Shumard, from the Cape Girar-
deau Limestone, which it resembles in size and form, by having its annula-
lations arranged about their own breadth, instead of twice that distance apart,
as well as in having the longitudinal stria? only defined between the rings,
instead of also upon them.

It seems to be very closely allied to T. distans, Hall, of the Clinton Group,
but differs in being curved instead of straight, as well as in being less rapidly
expanding towards the larger end.

From the last of the two foregoing species it will be readily distinguished
by its much smaller size, more sharply elevated rings, and distinct longitudi-
nal striae.

Locality and position. Sterling, Illinois. Cincinnati Group, of the Lower
Silurian series.

CEPHALOPODA.

Genus ORTHOCERAS, Auct.
Orthoceras crebristkiatum, M. & W.

Shell attaining a medium size, rather rapidly tapering, compressed, (in
part probably due to accidental pressure) ; section ellipitical ; septa transverse,
rather deeply concave, distant less than one-third the greater diameter of the
shell at the point of measurement ; siphon apparently subcentral. Surface
ornamented with numerous, closely and very regularly arranged, equal, thread-
like annular striae, of the same breadth as the depressions between, and dif-
fering but slightly in size throughout the entire length of the shell.

Length of the typical specimen (which is partly septate and imperfect at both
extremities), 12*50 inches ; greater diameter at the larger end, 4*20 inches ;
smaller do. of same, 2-56 inches. Greater diameter of the smaller end, about
2-13 inches ; smaller do. of same, l'OS inches. Angle of divergence, measuring
along the narrower sides, 11°. Annular striae, 8 in 0*20 inch at the larger end,
and 9 or 10 in the same space at the smaller end.

The most marked character of this species is its very regularly arranged,
equal striae, which seem to pass almost, if not quite, directly around the shell.
They appear to be simple, uninterrupted and everywhere arranged their own
breadth apart. It diners from O. Lqphami, from the same rock, in its much

1865.]

256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

more rapid expansion from the smaller to the larger extremity, and in its com-
pressed instead of cylindrical form, as well as in having its striae passing di-
rectly around, instead of obliquely.

Locality and jposition. Joliet, Illinois ; Niagara Group, of Upper Silurian
series.

ORTHOCERAS SlTBBACtJLDM, M. & W.

Shell attaining a moderately large size, slender and gradually tapering ;
entire length, as inferred from the convergence of the sides towards the small-
er extremity, about thirty inches ; section elliptical, the smaller diameter be-
ing to the larger as about 17 to 24. Length of specimen, imperfect at both
extremities, 18 inches, of which the outer or body chamber occupies a length
of 7"50 inches, while twelve of the smaller chambers occupy the remaining
10-50 inches ; greater diameter at larger end, 3*23 inches ; smaller do. of same
about 2*10 inches ; greater diameter at smaller end, 1*90 inches ; smaller do.
of same, 1*45 inches. Septa transverse, rather deeply concave, separated by
chambers, two and a half of which equal the greater diameter of the shell at
the point of measurement. Surface and siphon unknown.

At a first glance this species looks much like 0. Bigsbyi, Stokes, [= Ormo-
ceras tenuifilum, Hall], from the Trenton and Black River Limestones, but on
a closer inspection it is found to be more compressed and more gradually ta-
pering, while its septa are considerably more distant, and show no backward
curve on either side.

Locality and position. Joliet, Illinois. Niagara division of Upper Silurian
series.

Orthoceras Jolietense, M. & W.

Shell much elongated, very gradually tapering ; section oval or narrow el-
liptic, (probably to some extent, at least, due to accidental pressure) ; septa
very concave, unusually distant or separated by spaces, equalling three-fourths
the greater diameter of the shell at the point of measurement. Siphon and
surface unknown.

Length of a septate specimen, imperfect at both extremities, 14*50 inches ;
greater diameter of do. at larger end, 2-75 inches ; smaller do. of same, 1*77
inches; greater diameter at smaller end, 2-16 inches; smaller do. of same,
1*30 inches. Number of septa in the entire 14J inches, 8.

This species is remarkable for its very gradually tapering form, and unusu-
ally distant septa. The latter character will alone distinguish it from any
Upper Silurian species known to us, excepting 0. pauciseptum, Hall, from the
Shaly Limestone, of the Lower Heldeburg Group. From this New York species,
to which it seems to be nearly related, it will be distinguished by its com-
pressed, instead of cylindrical form. It is true this compression may be in
some degree due to accidental pressure, but it seems to be too regular along
the entire length of the shell not to be mainly the natural form.

Locality and position. Joliet, Illinois. Niagara division of the Upper Silu-
rian series.

Orthoceras nobile, M. & W.

Shell attaining a very large size, rather rapildy tapering ; section subcircu-
lar, or very slightly flattened on one side. Septa deeply concave, extremely
thin, distant about one-fifth the diameter of the shell at the point of measure-
ment; siphon central, round. Surface unknown.

Entire length of a septate specimen incomplete at both ends, 18 inches ; great-
est diameter at larger end, 8| inches ; smaller do. of same, 7 inches. Greatest
diameter at smaller end, 5 inches : angle of divergence about 14° ; diameter
of siphon at larger end, 0*80 inch. The entire length of the shell was pro-
bably not less than five feet, and its body chamber, owing to the large size and
rapid expansion of the shell, must have been very capacious.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 257

In form and proportions this large species seems to agree nearly with 0.
Munsterianum, of Koninck, from the carboniferous rocks of Vise, Tournay, but
it attains a greatly larger size, and also differs in having its siphon central. It
is probably the largest species known in our carboniferous rocks.

Locality and position. Randolph County, Illinois. Chester division of Sub-
carboniferous Series.

Orthoceras Winchellii, M. & W.

Shell rather rapidly tapering ; section nearly circular, its greater and small-
er diameter being as 10b' to 100 ; septa moderately concave, not oblique, dis-
tant one -fifth the greater diameter of the shell at the point of measurement,
and showing a gentle backward curve in crossing the dorsal and ventral sides ;
siphon very small at the points where it passes through the septa (probably
swollen or beaded between), placed on the shorter axis of the septa only about
its own breadth from the margin. Surface nearly smooth, or with more ob-
scure lines of growth, which, like the margins of the septa, make a slight
backward curve in crossing the dorsal and ventral sides.

Length of an entirely septate specimen, imperfect at both extremities, 3
inches ; greater diameter at the larger end, 1*50 inches ; apical angle 15°, ap-
parently becoming greater towards the smaller end.

This species seems to be somewhat similar to 0. occidentale, of Prof. Win-
chell, from his Marshall Group (Am. Journ. Sci. vol. xxxiii. 18t>2, 356), but
differs in being more rapidly tapering, and in having its siphon nearly margi-
nal, instead of placed midway between the centre and margin of the septa.
If much swollen between the septa, its siphon must be indeed quite marginal
at these joints.

Named in honor of Prof. A. Winchell, State Geologist of Michigan.

Locality and position. White Sulphur Springs, Delaware County, Ohio.
Hamilton Group. Devonian.

Genus PHRAGMOCERAS, Broderip, 1834.
Phragmoceras Walshii, M. & W.

Shell very large, clavato-sublunate in form, moderately arched, increasing
rather rapidly in size from the smaller end to near the middle, and thence ap-
parently somewhat tapering towards the aperture ; more or less compressed.
Outer or body chamber apparently rather short. Septa very oblique, (proba-
bly to some extent due to compression and distortion), comparatively closely
arranged, the chambers between scarcely equalling one-sixth the greater di-
ameter of the shell at the widest part, and one-eighth towards the smaller
end. (Siphon, surface and aperture unknown).

Length of specimen, (imperfect at both extremities), measuring alon°- the
middle of the side parallel to the curve, about 15 inches ; greatest breadth
near the middle, 5 inches; smaller do. at same place, 3-50 inches. Greater
breadth at smaller end, 240 inches. Of the whole length of the specimen 22
of the smaller chambers form 10 inches, and the remaining portion of the
body chamber the other five inches.

The only specimen of this large shell we have seen is very imperfect, and
much distorted, so that it is qnite probable some of the characters given in
the above description, will require more or less correction when good speci-
mens can be obtained. Its large size, general form, and rather closely arranged
septa, however, will probably render its identification not very difficult.

The specific name is given in honor of B. D. Walsh, the well known Ento-
mologist, of Rock Island, 111.

Locality and position. Rock Island, Illinois. Hamilton division of the
Devonian.

1865.]

258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

Genus GOMPHOCERAS, Sowerby, 1839.

GOMPHOCERAS SACCULUM, M. & W.

Shell *mall, subfusiform, or clavate, very slightly arched ; a little com-
pressed at right angles to the plane of the curve, particularly the nonseptate
part, which is more convex on the outer side of the curve than the inner;
most ventricose a little above the last septum, thence tapering gradually to
the lower extremity and towards the aperture, near which latter there is a
slight constriction. Section transversely a little oval near the middle of the
shell, and more decidedly so above, but nearly or 'quite circular towards the
lower extremity. Aperture transversely oval, its smaller diameter being
about two-thirds the greater ; lips faintly sinuous at each end of the aperture,
and at the middle of the dorsal side. Septa but slightly concave ; (distance
between them not distinctly determinable from the specimen examined).
Siphon very small ; placed on the line of the shorter axis of the septa, about
twice its own breadth from the dorsal or outer side of the curve. Surface
marked only with small annular strise, slightly arched backwards near each
end of the aperture, parallel to the faint sinuosities of the lip.

Length of specimen, imperfect at the smaller extremity, 127 inch ; do. of
nonseptate part, OG7 inch ; greatest transverse diameter of do., 053 inch ;
shorter diameter of do. at same part, 0-42 inch. Apical angle of septate half
of the shell, measuring along each lateral margin, 24p. Breadth of aperture,
0*33 inch ; smaller diameter of do., 0-22 inch.

This little shell has the general habit and appearance of Gomphoccras, and
yet differs from the typical forms of that genus in being slightly arched and
not having its aperture so remarkably contracted. In being a little curved,
it more nearly resembles Phragmoceras, though its curvature is less decided.
It is also worthy of note, that the comparatively small contraction of its
aperture is mainly on dorsal and ventral margins, while in Gomphoceras and
Phragmoceras the contraction is mainly on each lateral margin. In several
respects it approaches Oncoceras, Hall, and it is even possible that we would
be more nearly correct if we were to call it Oncoceras sacculum. Still it differs
from the type of that group in beiug less curved, and compressed dorso-ven-
trally, instead of laterally, as well as in having its siphon not quite, though
nearly marginal.

Locality and position. — White Sulphur Springs, Delaware County, Ohio.
Hamilton Group of Devonian Series.

Gomphoceras (Apioceras) turbiniforme, M. & W.

Shell rather small, turbinate, or obovate, very slightly unsymmetrical ; sec-
tidn circular, or nearly so ; chambered part rapidly expanding, with sides
slightly convex above. Non-septate part very short, or three times as wide
as long, rounding in abruptly above ; aperture contracted, but exact form
unknown. Septa only moderately concave, nearly equidistant at all points,
excepting near the outer chamber and the apex, where they are more
crowded ; at about the widest part of the shell, separated by spaces equalling
one-eighth its greatest diameter. Siphon small and marginal. Surface
nearly smooth, or with only fine lines of growth.

Length of a specimen not quite complete at the smaller extremity, 1*16
inch. Greater breadth (at the junction of the septate and non-septate parts),
1 inch ; smaller diameter at the same place, 0-90 inch. Greater diameter at
the smaller extremity, 0-32 inch ; smaller do. at same place, 0'30 inch. Di-
vergence of apical angle, 30°.

This is a very short turbinate species, somewhat like G. beta, Hall, (18th
Report Regents, pi. 7, fig. 1), but diners in being proportionally shorter and
more ventricose, and in having the septa proportionally more crowded. It
shows eleven septa in a space of three-quarters of an inch below the last one,
while G. beta is described as having only seven or eight in the same space.

[Dec,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259

Its last three septa are crowded within a space only equalling one of the
uhambers below.

Locality and position. — Charleston, Indiana. Devonian.

Genus NAUTILUS, Linnaeus, 1758.
Subgenus ENDOLOBUS, M. & W.

Nautilus (Endolobus) teramplus, M. &. W.

Shell attaining a very large size, compressed subglobose ; umbilicus rather
deep, about as wide as the dorso-ventral diameter of the outer volution, and
showing about three-fourths of each inner turn. Whorls three to three and*
a half, increasing rather rapidly in size, broadly rounded. over the dorsal or
outer side, and more narrowly round on each lateral margin, where tlie
greatest prominence is a little within the middle ; lateral margins each pro-
vided with a row of large, broad, depressed, orsubuodose prominences, about
fourteen of which may be counted on each side of the last turn ; from these
rows of nodes or mammillary protuberances, the inner side of each whorl
rounds abruptly into the umbilicus, and is provided along the middle with a
moderately deep, rounded concavity for the reception of each succeeding inner
turn. Septa deeply concave on the side facing the aperture ; separated by
intervals, measuring, on the dorsal side, more than one third the dorso-ven-
tral diameter of the whorls at the point of measurement, passing nearly
straight over the broad periphery, and with a very slight forward curve across
the sides ; while on the inner concave side they are each deflected abruptly
backwards, so as to form a deep, more or less funnel-shaped ventral lobe. Si-
phon placed rather more than its own breadth nearer the inner than outer
side. Surface of cast smooth.

Greatest diameter, 20 inches ; transverse diameter, 12 inches ; dorso-ven-
tral diameter of inner whorl, 8 inches; breadth of umbilicus, 8 50 inches ;
circumference around the periphery, 4 feet 8 inches.

We know of no shell with which this fine species is liable to be confounded,
though it has mu'li the form and general appearance of our N. spectabilis,
from the same position. It differs, however, in the position of the lobe on
the inner side of septa ; and in having its siphon located farther in from the
outer side. In a side view it presents some general resemblance to N.
tubcrcufatus, of Sowerby, as figured by Phillip, in his Geol. Yorkshirei i.
pi. 22, fig. 29, though even as thus seen, it will be observed to differ in its
broader whorls, and in having the most prominent part of their sides, with
their nodes, placed nearer the umbilicus, while in a profile view, it will be
distinguished at a glance by its periphery being rounded, instead of nearly flat.

As may be seen by the foregoing description, this species differs from tjie
typical Nautili, in the. possession of a peculiar funnel-shaped ventral lobe,
formed by the backward flexure of the septa. Hence it seems to bear almost
exactly the relations to Nautilus that the genus Tretoceras does to Orthoceras ; '
hence we regard it as the type of a group for which we propose the name
Endolobus.

If Montfort's name, Bisiphites, is to be retained, the name of this shell
should doubtless be Bisiphites peramplus, as the type upon which he pro-
posed to found a genus under that name, seems to have had an inner lobe
which he mistook for a second siphon. As his name, however, implies a plain
contradiction of fact, we think it should not be used.

Judging from Montfort's figure, his type not only differs from ours, in having
the outer whorl enveloping all the others, so as to leave no open umbilicus,
but in having the lobe of the septa a little removed from the inner side, in-
stead of being directly in contact with it, as in our shell. He says his type
was a large fossil species, attaining a diameter of two feet.

Locality and position. —Randolph County, Illinois. Chester division of
Subcarboniferous Series.

1865.]

260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Nautilus (Temnocheilus) Niotensis, M. & W.

Shell attaining a large size, globose-subdiscoidal ; umbilicus deep, and (con-
sidering the lateral margins of the whorls its limits) about twice the dorso-
ventral breadth of the outer turn. Volutions about three, contiguous but not
embracing, broadly rounded over the dorsal and ventral sides, and promi-
nently angular around the middle of each lateral margin ; section trans-
versely elliptic, the two extremities of the ellipse being angular. Septa rather
distinctly concave, and distant on the outer side less than half the dorso-
ventral diameter of the whorls at the point of measurement, — making a
broad backward curve in crossing the inner and outer sides of the whorls,
and curving forward to each of the lateral angles ; siphon piercing the septa
less than its own breadth outside of the middle. (Surface and aperture
unknown1).

Greatest diameter, measuring across the disk, about 8*50 inches ; convexity,
or transverse diameter of the whorls, 5 inches ; dorso-ventral diameter of the
last volution, about 3 inches.

This species belongs to a group of carboniferous Nautili, including N. coro-
natus, McCoy, and N. bianyulatu'', N. multicarinatus and N. cariniferous, Sow-
erby, &c. These shells are characterized by having a broad, deep, open
umbilicus, showing all the volutions, with the outer side of the whorls broadly
rounded or flattened, and the middle of each lateral margin prominently angu-
lar ; the angle being sometimes nodose, while the transverse diameter of the
volutions is always greater than the dorso-ventral. The siphon in these
ehells is generally, 'or perhaps always, between the middle and outer side of
the whorls. Although Prof. McCoy included a much wider range of forms in
his group Temnocheilus, we think it would be better to restrict it to such
species as those mentioned above, all of which were originally included in the
group by Prof. McCoy.

Specifically, our shell is perhaps most nearly allied to Nautilus cariniftrous,
of Sowerby, (Min. con. pi. 482, f. 3 and 4) though differing in its proportion-
ally wider umbilicus, merely contiguous volutions, and particularly in never
having longitudinal ridges on the outer side of the whorls, at any stages of
growth. It also differs in having its septa crossing the outer side of the
whorls with a broad backward curve, instead of passing nearly straight over.

Locality and position. — Niota and Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk Division of
Subcarboniferous Series.

Subgenus DISCITES, McCoy, 1844.

Nautilus (Discites) oknatus, Hall.

Var. amplds, M. & W.
The shell we here place provisionally as a variety of Nautilus (Discites)
ornatus, Hall, agrees very nearly in most of its characters with that species,
but differs in its much larger size, and the proportionally greater dorso-ven-
tral diameter of its volutions, (particularly the outer one), as compared with
the breadth of its truncated periphery. In the New York form, these propor-
tions, according to the published figure, (Thirteenth Regents Report, 1860, p.
102), are about as two and one-third to- one, in-the outer whorl, and nearly
equal in the inner turns ; while in our shell they bear the proportions of three
to one, the flattened sides of the outer volution being three times as wide as
its truncated periphery. The type of the New York species is also described a9
having its " siphuucle dorsal." If by this it is meant that the siphon is in
contact with the outer side of the shell, as in the Goniatites, then there can
be little doubt in regard to the form under consideration being a distinct
species, since its siphou is separated from the periphery by a space about
equalling its own breadth. It is probably distinct from the New York species,
but as individuals of these older types of Nautilida: seem to have varied more

[Dee.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 261

in form than those of more modern date, we have concluded to place it for the
present, as a variety of N. ornatus.

To facilitate compxrison, we would remark that our shell, when entire,
must have measured from 10 to 12 inches in its greatest diameter across the
disc ; while its outer whorl measures about 5 inches in thickness or convexity
at the umbilical side, and 1-50 inches at the periphery. The greatest breadth
of the sides of the outer turn is about 4*50 inches. Its septa, as seen on each
side, are arranged and curved very nearly as in the typical form of N. ornatus,
and are deflected, backwards on the truncated periphery, so as to form a sub-
trigonal lobe as deep as wide ; they also make a rather broad, deep, back-
ward curve on the inner side- Surface markings unknown.

The shells of this type seem to be very distinct from the typical recent
forms of Nautilus, and whatever others may think, should, as we believe, be
at least regarded as forming a marked subgeneric group. Objections have
been raised to the use of McCoy's name, Discites, however, because De Haan
had used it in 1825 for a type of Nautilidas ; but as De Haan merely used it in a
kind of synoptical table, with no other characters than " Sensim incrq/satis,"
without a figure, or any allusion to any type by which the most remote con-
jecture can be formed iu regard to what group of Nautilidae he meant, it must
be evident we cannot regard him as having established either a genus or a
subgenus, and the name was consequently free to be used by any other author.

Locality and position. — Hamilton Group (Devonian) ; " Devil's Bake-oven, "
Jackson County, Illinois.

Nautilus (Discites) discifoiuii-, M. & W.

Shell attaining a rather large size, discoid, much compressed ; umbilicus
shallow, a little wider than the dorso-ventral diameter of the outer volution,
and showing all the inner turns. Whorls about three and a half, nearly con-
tiguous, or very slightly embracing, nearly flat on each side, the greatest con-
vexity being about half way between the middle and the inner side, from
which point the sides round into the umbilicus, and converge to the periphery,
which is truncated, narrow and concave. Septa rather closely arranged,
crossing the sides of the whorls with a broad, graceful backward curve and
more abruptly flexed in the same direction on the truncated periphery, so
as to form a subtrigonal lobe about as deep as wide ; also, somewhat curved
backwards on the inner side of the whorls. Last chamber' long, or forming
about half the outer volution ; others shallow, or usually about equalling one-
fifth the dorso-ventral diameter of the volutions at the point of measurement.
Siphon small, suboval, located about its own diameter outside of the middle of
the whorls. Aperture and section strongly compressed, subovate, the inner side
being rounded, and the outer, which is much narrower, truncated, somewhat
emarginate, and biangular. (Surface unknown.)

Greatest diameter across the disc, SJ to 9 inches ; dorso-ventral diameter
of outer whorl nearly 3 inches; greatest convexity of whorls, about 1-50 inches ;
breadth of truncated periphery, 0*68 inch.

In size, form, proportions, breadth of umbilicus, &c, as well as in the
arrangement aud curvature of its septa, this species seems to agree almost
exactly with the discus of Sowerby. If that species has been correctly figured
and described, however, our shell presents the important difference of having
its siphon located a little outside of the middle, instead of near the inner
margin of the whorls.

Locality and position. — Niota, Hancock County, Illinois. Keokuk Division
of Subca'bouiferous Series.

Nautilus Lasallensis, M. & W.

attaining a m
is more than

I860]

Shell attaining a medium size, compressed, subglobose, or subdiscoidal ;
umbilicus more than half as wide as the dorso-ventral diameter of the last

262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

whorl at the aperture, moderately deep, and showing ahout half of each inner
turn. Volutions increasing rather gradually in size, very slightly compressed
on the dorsal an 1 lateral surfaces, but wiihout the compression imparting any
angularity to the dorsolateral and ventral margins, which are rounded ; each
concave within for the reception of the inner turns. Septa moderately con-
cave, separated by spaces measuring, on trie dorsal or outer side, less than one-
third the dorso-ventral diameter of the whorls at the point of measurement,
all crossing the sides and dorsum with a b oad backward curve. Siphon
scarcely more than its own breadth from the ventral or inner side. Aperture,
judging from the section of the whorls, about as wide transversely as its diam-
eter, in the direction of the plane of the shell, subquadrilateral, or approach-
ing subreniform, in consequence of the sinuosity of the inner side. Suiface
unknown.

Greatest diameter about 4-70 inches ; convexity about 2-75 inches ; breadth
of umbilicus, l-45 inches.

Locality and position. — Upper Coal Measures, Lasalle, Illinois.

Subgenus CRYPTOCERAS, d'Orbigny, 1847.
Nautilus (CitYrTOCERAs) cafax, M. & W.

Shell attaining a moderately large size, subglobose in form. Umbilicus
deep, with abruptly sloping walls, — one third as wide as the dorso ventral
diameter of the outer whorl, and showing each of the inner turns. Whorls
about two and a half, increasing rapidly in size, particularly in breadth ; last
one so expanded laterally as to be apparently one third to one half wider than
its dorso-ventral diameter ; inner ones proportionally narrower. All broadly
rounded on the outer side, and more narrowly rounded with a flattened
or slightly concave revolving space between the lidge bounding the umbilicus
and the middle of each side ; each provided with a narrow, shallow impres-
sion along the ventral side for the reception of the inner volutions. Septa
separated by spaces which measure, on the outer side, less than one fourth
the dorso-ventral diameter of the volution at the point of measurement ;
a little arched backwards on the slightly concave inner side of the whorls,
and less distinctly so on the narrow revolving flattened space just outside
of the umbilicus, after which they cross over the broadly rounded outer
side, with a very broad, scarcely perceptible backward curve. Aperture
transversely oval, or subelliptic. Outer chamber very capacious, composing
less than half of a volution. (Surface unknown).

Greatest diameter across the disc, about 7 inches ; breadth (transverse di-
ameter of the aperture), 6 inches ; dorso-ventral diameter 3-25 inches ; breadth
of umbilicus 1 inch.

The only specimen of this species we have seen is a cast, which shows,
along the outer side of the whorls, the appearance of a tube 0'20 inch in di-
ameter, extending backwards from each teptem. It is barely possible that
this may be a small lobe, but we have scarcely any doubts in regard to its
being the siphon, and hence that the species belongs to the group Cryp-
toceras.

Compared with N. dorsalis, Phillips (Geol. Yorks, ii. pi. xviii. fig. 1 and 2),
the type of the group Cryptoceras, our shell will be found to differ in its much
more broadly rounded dorsum, and much wider mouth, as well as in the pecu-
liar revolving flattened space near the umbilical side of the whorls, which im-
parts a slight angularity to the margin of the umbilicus, as well as an unde-
fined longitudinal ridge, or prominence near the middle of the whorls on each
side.

Locality and position. — Charboniere, Missouri. Coal Measures.

Nautilus (Cryptoceras ?) Leidyi, M. & W.
We only know this shell from the non-septate portion, — forming about one

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 263

third of a volution. It indicates a subglobose form for the entire shell, and
shows that the umbilicus was deep, with rather abrupt walls, and about as
broad as three fourths the do; so-ventral diameter of the body whorl at the
aperture. From the curve, and rapid increase in size of the outer chamber,
it is evident there could not have been more than two and a half volution9,
which are rather broadly rounded over the dorsum and sides, to the margins
of the umbilicus, into which the sides round rather abruptly. Towards the
aperture, the steep, somewhat flattened inner side of the volution forming the
walls of the umbilicus, meets the lateral margins, so as to form a pinched out
prominence, that must have imparted a p-culiar angularity to the inner mar-
gin of the aperture on each side. Just outside of this prominence, the ventro-
lateral sides of the outer whorl at the aperture are a little flattened. The
aperture is one-fourth wider than its dorso-ventral diameter, and forms about
three-fourths of a circle, being deeply rounded on the dorsal side, much flat-
tened within, and angular or apparently abruptly sinuous at each inner lateral
margin. These angles at the inner lateral margins, seem even to have pro-
jected out somewhat, as in the recent Argonauta gondola, of Adams, though
not to the same extent. The lip is rather deeply sinuous at the middle of the
dorsal side. The septa were moderately concave, and slightly arched back-
wards on each side. (Siphon and surface unknown).

Greatest diameter of the shell, about 3 75 inches ; greatest breadth (at the
inner side of aperture), 2.65 inches.

As we have not seen the siphon of this species, we are not sure that it be-
longs to the group Cnjptoceras, but from its analogy to the species just de-
scribed under the name capax, which shows apparently a dorsal siphon, we
are led to infer that it probably possesses the same character. It differs from
that shell, however, in having its body whorl less rapidly expanding, and
without a depression along the inner side forthe reception of the inner whorls.

Named in honor of Prof. Joseph Leidy, of Philadelphia, Pa.

Locality and position.— Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk division of the Subcar-
boniferous Series.

Genus TROCHOCERAS, Barrande, 1847.
Trochoceras ? Baeri, M. & W.

Shell subdiscoidal, consisting of about two or three rather rapidly enlarging
volutions, which are more broadly rounded ou the outer surface than on each
side, and about one-fourth wider transversely than their dorso-ventral diame-
ter ; each inner whorl slightly impressing the inner side of the succeeding
turn. Umbilicus a little more than half the dorso-ventral diameter of the
outer volution, and showing all the inner volutions. Spire apparently scarcely
rising above the upper surface of the last turn. Septa rather distinctly con-
cave on the side facing the aperture, separated on the outer side of the whorls,
at a point where the dorso-lateral diameter is about 1*25 inches, by spaces
measuring 0-35 inches — all showing a very slight backward jurve on the
rounded periphery, and passing nearly straight across each side. Surface,
siphon, and non-septate portion of the shell unknown.

Greatest breadth of the septate part of the shell, 5 inches ; height, (estima-
ted) about 2-50 inches. Dorso-ventral diameter of the volutions, increasing
about three-fold each turn.

The specimen from which this description was drawn up is defective on one
side, so that it is not easy to determine whether or not its whorls are coiled
in the same plane, though they have the appearance of being somewhat
oblique, and hence we have placed it provisionally in the genus Trochoceras.
Should it be found, however, when more nearly entire specimens can be ex-
amined, that its whorls are coiled all upon the same plane, it would belong
either to the genus Lituites or Nautilus, and hence its name would becoma
Lituites Baeri, or Nautilus Baeri.

1865.1

264 PROCEEDINGS OE THE ACADEMY OF

The typical specimen does not show the position of the siphon, hut a frag-
ment found near the same locality, and at the same horizon, apparently of
this species, though possibly belonging to another shell, lias the siphon placed
about its own breadth outside of the centre. It pierces the septa from with-
out inwards or backwards, as in Nautilus.

At a first glance this shell would seem to resemble Cryptoceras (Lituite.s)
undatus, as represented by fig. 3, pi. 13, vol. i. Pah-eontology of New York,
but on a closer inspection, it will be at once seen to differ materially in the
more rapid increase in the breadth of its whorls, and in the proportionally
smaller size and greater depth of its umbilicus, as well as in being apparently
not coiled on a plane.

The specific name is given in honor of Dr. 0. P. Baer, of Richmond, Indi-
ana, to whom we are indebted for the use of the typical specimen.

Locality and position.— Richmond, Indiana. From the Cincinnati Group of
the Lower Silurian Series.

ARTICULATA.

CRUSTACEA.

TRILOBITA.

Genus DALMANIA, Emmerich, 1845.

Dalmania DanjE, M. & W.

Attaining a large size, entire outline ovate, approaching subelliptic. Ce-
phalic shield rather compressed, nearly semicircular, about twice as wide as
long, rounded in front, and nearly straight or slightly concave in outline be-
hind, with posterior lateral angles produced into mucronate spines extend-
ing backwards to the fourth thoracic segment. Glabella composing rather
more than one-third the entire area of the shield, but slightly more convex
than the cheeks ; including the neck segment, as long as its greatest anterior
breadth, and about twice as wide in front as behind ; separated from the
cheeks on each side by a well defined furrow ; anterior lobe composing about
half its entire area., transversely elliptical, and a little less than twice as wide
as long ; lateral furrows well defined, anterior one oblique ; the other two
transverse, and not always strongly defined quite out to the lateral margins ;
anterior lateral lobe longer, more oblique, and at its outer end wider, than
either of the other two. Occipital segment widest and most prominent in the
middle, scarcely equalling the transverse diameter of the posterior extremity
of the glabella ; neck furrow well defined, but deepest on each side, and arch-
ing a little forward in the middle ; its continuations across the posterior sides
of the cheeks broad, deep, and straighter than the posterior margin, — extending
nearly to the lateral margins of the cheeks, where they curve a little back-
wards. Cheeks sloping slightly around the outer side, to a broad, shallow,
undefined marginal depression, outside of which there is a moderately thick,
somewhat rfcunded border, which does not extend entirely around the front
of the glabella, but continues back into the posterior lateral spine. Eyes
reniform, not oblique, nearly half as long as the antero-posterior diameter of
the front lobe of the glabella, and situated slightly more than their own length
in advance of the posterior margin of the cheeks ; with (in casts) a moderately
distinct marginal furrow around their outer bases, (height and other details
unknown) ; palpebral lobes semicircular and depressed. Facial sutures cut-
ting the lateral margins of the cheeks nearly opposite the posterior extremities
of the eyes, and passiug around the antero-lateral and front margins of the
glabella, so near the anterior border as scarcely to leave any perceptible band
connecting the movable cheeks around the front.

Hypostoma obscurely subtrigonal, about one-eighth wider posteriorly than
its length, moderately convex ; anterior margin forming a broad, regular con-

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265

vex curve ; lateral margins contracted behind the anterior lateral angles, and
converging a little posteriorly, for about two-thirds the entire length, thence
more abruptly to the posterior extremity, which is transversely truncated,
and provided on each side with a minute, slightly projecting point ; while still
farther forward on each lateral margin, there appears to be traces of another
minute slightly projecting irregularity of outline. Around the anterior and
lateral margins, there is a more or less distinct sulcus, behind which the pos-
terior margin is flattened. Within this marginal sulcus there is, on each side
a little behind the middle, au oblique eye-like depression.

Thorax wider than long, the length being to the breadth, as 21 to 28, near-
ly once and a half as long as the cephalic shield ; mesial lobe as wide anteriorly
as the posterior extremity of the glabella, and very slightly broader near the
middle, where it is about three-fourths as wide as the lateral lobes, from
which it is only separated by narrow, rather shallow furrows — most convex
along the middle and flattened on each side ; segments not clearly seen in the
specimens examined. Lateral lobes somewhat more depressed than the mesial
one, and sloping very gradually to the lateral margins. Segments equalling
the antero-posterior diameter of the posterior lateral lobes of the glabella ;
each curving abruptly backwards at the outer extremity, and terminating in
a flat, sharply pointed, or lanceolate projection, most produced in the posterior
ones ; provided with a deep, well defined, longitudinal furrow, which starts
from the anterior side of the inner end, and passes at first a little obliquely
outwards, and then straight outward, slightly nearer the posterior than the
anterior margin, to the middle of the flattened scythe- shaped outer ends, where
they usually curve a little backwards and become obsolete.

Pygidium nearly semielliptic, or subtrigonal, the anterior lateral angles be-
ing rounded, and the lateral margins converging to the more or less pointed
posterior extremity, with a broad convex curv.e ; slightly longer than the ce-
phalic shield, and rather more than two-thirds as wide ; mesial lobe somewhat
more convex than, and two-thirds as wide as the lateral lobes, gently rounded,
and tapering gradually to the posterior extremity, where it is apparently con-
tinued into an abruptly projecting caudal appendage ; segments 12 to 13,
straight well' defined (excepting near the termination) by distinct furrows,
which are deeper on each side than at the middle. Lateral lobes with eight
or nine well defined arched segments, which become more oblique posteriorly,
and are defined to near the edge of the smooth margin ; each divided by a
furrow deeper than those between, and like those of the thoracic ribs, the
anterior division being slightly shorter than the other.

Surface (of cast) smooth, excepting traces of small, scattering tubercles on
the anterior lobe of 'he glabella.

Entire length of the largest specimen seen (exclusive of the little caudal ap-
pendage, the length of which is unknown), 4*93 inches. Length of pygidium,
1-43 inches ; breadth of do. 2 inches ; breadth of its axillary lobe, 0*57 inch.
Length of thorax, 2-10 inches; breadth of do. 2-83 inches; breadth of its
mesial lobe, 080 inch. Length of cephalic shield, 1-40 inches; breadth of do.
3 inches ; length of posterior lateral spines, near 0-95 inch ; length of glabella
exclusive of neck segment, 1-30 inches ; anterior breadth of same, 1-35 inches ;
posterior breadth of do. 0*84 inch. Length of eyes,0 '39 inch; distance of
same from posterior margin of cheeks, 0 42 inch.

Named in honor of Prof. James D. Dana, of New Haven.

We have described this fine species in as much detail as possible, because
it is somewhat nearly allied to several of the already described species. Per-
haps it is most nearly allied to the well known European D. caudata of Bru-
nich, with which it agrees in size, form aud many of its details. In the first
place, it differs, however, from that species in having the anterior margin of
its cephalic shield decidedly more rounded than even the variety or form re-
garded by Mr. Salter as the female, while it shows no marginal rim (as seen
from above) extending around the front of the glabella. Again, the eyes, in-

1865.]

266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

stead of being placed about half tbeir own length in advance of the posterior
margin of the buckler, are rather more than their entire length from the pos-
terior margin. The produced spine-like appendages of its cheeks are also,
in all our specimens, uniformly distinctly smaller, and only extend back to
about the termination of the fourth thoracic segment, instead of to the sixth,
as in D. caudata. On comparing the hypostoma of our species with Mr. Sal-
ter's excellent figures of that of Brunioh's species, it is found to present
marked and decided differences, which it would be tedious to go over in detail,
and which would scarcely be intelligible without the aid of figures.^ In the
ribs of the thorax we also observe differences, those of our species being more
distinctly deflected backwards, and more sharply produced at their outer ex-
tremities, particularly the posterior ones. The differences in the pygidium
are likewise well defined, its lateral margins forming almost a regular convex
arch from the antero-lateral rounded angles to the caudal projection (which
seems to be shorter, and is much narrower than D. caudata), instead of being
nearly straight, or even concave in outline, posteriorly.

Most of these differences we have ascertained from a careful study of a
good series of specimens, to be constant in our species, so that they can be re-
lied upon as not being individual or sexual peculiarities.

In some respects this species is probably even more nearly allied to the
common American D. limuturus, while in others it differs more widely. In
size it far exceeds the largest examples of D. limulurus we have ever^ seen,
while all our specimens show the difference in the obtusely rounded anterior ex-
tremity of the head, and the absence of a marginal rim around the middle of
the front to be constant. The convex outline of the lateral margins of its
pygidium, already mentioned, also contrasts strongly with that of D. limulurus,
and even the largest specimens of our species, five inches in length, only show
twelve to thirteen segments in the mesial lobe, instead of fifteen, as in the New
York species. The caudal appendage, if produced at all, must also be much
narrower at its origin in our species.

The greater number of segments in the mesial and lateral lobes of the pygidi-
um, and the distinct granular surface of both D. plturoptyx and D. micrurus,
will alone serve to distinguish them from the species under consideration :
while the hypostoma of D. micrurus, at least, is entirely different.

If the name Dalmania cannot be retained for this genus, in consequence of
its having been previously used for a genus of Dlptera, Hawle and Corda's
name Odonlocheile will probably have to be adopted for it, in which case thi$
species will have to be called Odontocheile Dana.

Locality and position. Two miles above Thebes, Alexander County, Illinois.
Upper Silurian.

Genus LICHAS, Dalman, 1827-

LlCHAS CUCDLLUS, M. & W.

Glabella very convex ; middle lobe strongly elevated, or subconic, nearly
three times as wide anteriorly (measuring around the front) as behind, slop-
in" abruptly from the highest point behind the middle, with a straight, or
slightly concave outline, back to the neck furrow, and rounding with a regu-
lar convex, rapidly descending curve, to the rounded front; lateral slopes de-
clining abruptly, and separated from the lateral lobes by a linear but well
defined furrow, arching forward from the neck furrow, and curving laterally
on the anterior slope. ' Lateral lobes about half as high, and three-fourths as
long as the middle one, from which they slope abruptly outwards ; nearly as
wide behind as the posterior extremity of the middle lobe at the neck furrow,
but not more than half its breadth at the summit, and less than one-third its
anterior breadth. Outside of these, on each side, the much smaller and low-
er palpebral lobes are separated from them by a linear furrow, similar and
nearly parallel to those separating the lateral lobes from the central one.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 267

Neck farrow moderately well defined ; neck segment very much depressed be-
low the other parts, and sloping backwards ; apparently equalling the breadth
across between the two outer lobes.

Surface showing, under a magnifier, small, unequal, ratlier scattering pus-
tules, with smaller intermediate granules.

Lengtb, including the neck segment, 0'70 incb, do. excluding sam<?, 0-52
incb; height, (MS inch ; breadth, O9o inch; do. of middle lobe at posterior
extremity, 0-25 incb ; do. of same at summit, ()--il inch ; do. of same at front,
0-60 inch.

Compared with the corresponding parts of L. Trentonensis, this species will
be at once distinguished, by its much more elevated and differently formed
glabella, as well as by its less convex lateral lobes, and the presence of a de-
fined furrow between the lateral and the palpebral lobes. Its surface is also much
less strongly and distinctly pustulose. This latter character, and its propor-
tionally narrower neck segment, as well as its more conical middle lobe, readi-
ly distinguish it from L. hibernicus, of Portlock, which it more nearly resem-
bles. It differs too distinctly from L. Boltoni, of the Niagara Group, to render
a comparison necessary.

Locality and position. Alexander County, Illinois. Trenton division,
Lower Silurian.

Genus PROETUS, Steininger, 1830.
Pkoetus kllipticus, M. & W.

Ratlier small, entire outline narrow elliptic. Cephalic shield about one-
third wider than long, and slightly longer than the thorax,— semielliptic, regu-
larly and rather narrowly rounded in front and straight behind, with postero-
lateral angles produced into small spines, which extend back to the fourth tho-
racic segment ; anterior and lateral borders with a narrow marginal rim,
strongly deflected upwards, and separated from the cheek and glabella by a
deep furrow. Glabella more prominent than the cheeks, including the neck
segment, a little more than twice as long as wide, broader behind than in front,
where it is regularly rounded, separated from the cheeks ou each side by mode-
rately well defined furrows ; neck segment more prominent in the middle than
any part of the glabella, about twice as wide (antero- posteriorly) as the tho-
racic segments, and defined by a narrower, but distinct neck furrow, the con-
tinuation of which becomes wider, but rather less sharply impressed, as it
extends straight 'across the posterior margins of the cheeks to their lateral
marginal furrows ; lateral furrows of glabella, excepting the posterior ones,
nearly obsolete ; posterior lateral lobes small, subovate, and nearly isolated
by the rather obscure lateral furrows just in front of each being directed ob-
liquely backwards and inwards, so as to intersect the neck furrow ; the other
lateral lobes, of which there seems to be indications of two on each side, are
very small and nearly obsolete, anterior lobe composing nearly half of the
glabella. Eyes lunate, not oblique, one-third as long as the glabella, but not
so prominent, situated less than their own length in advance of the posterior
margin of the cheeks near the glabella, and about half their length from the
lateral margins of the cheeks ; reticulations very fine. Facial sutures inter-
secting the posterior margins of the cheeks near the middle, and extending
forward from the anterior side of each eye, at first close to the side of the gla-
bella, but soon curving outwards and obliquely forward, so as to intersect the
lateral margins nearly opposite the anterior end of the glabella.

Thorax about one-third wider than long, distinctly trilobate ; mesial lobe
prominent, about once and a half as wide as the lateral lobe, consisting, ap-
parently, of only eight segments ; a little widest near the middle, and taper-
ing posteriorly ; segments not arching forward, but strongly arched upward,
rather flattened. Lateral lobes depressed, somewhat flattened near the mesial
lobe, and rounding down rather distinctly to the lateral margins ; segments

18«5,J

268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

narrow on their upper edges, flattened in the direction of the axis, and bent
a little backwards below the knees, apparently rounded at the extremities.

Pygidium subsemicircular, but 3 little rounded at the anterior lateral
angles ; about one-third wider than long, and as long as the glabella, exclu-
sive of the neck segment and anterior marginal rim ; rather more broadly
rounded behind than the anterior margin of the glabella ; mesial lobe promi-
nent, about as wide anteriorly as the lateral lobes, and tapering backwards to
an obtuse point within the margin, where it ends rather abruptly and is a
little depressed, but not flattened ; consisting of nine or ten moderately de-
fined segments ; lateral lobes depressed below the mesial lobe, near which they
are slightly flattened, thence rounding to the margins ; each with about seven
rather faintly defined segment*, of which only the anterior one is marked with
a longitudinal furrow, all extending to within a short distance of the margin,
which seems to be slightly thickened.

Surface apparently nearly smooth excepting the glabella, which is covered
with small, rather closely arranged granules. A row of very small granules
may also be seen, by the aid of a magnifier, along the posterior margin of the
segments of the mesial lobe, both of the thorax and pygidium.

Entire length", 0-78 inch ; do. of pygidium, 0-23 inch ; do. of thorax, 0-25
inch; do. of head, O30 jnch. Breadth of head, 0'39 inch; do. of thorax,
<V3b' inch; do. of pygidium, 0-34 inch. Length of glabella, including neck
segment, 0-25 inch, exclusive of neck segment, 021 inch ; length of eyes,
O'lO inch; distance of same in advance of posterior margin of cheeks, 0"06
inch.

At a first glance this species might be readily mistaken for P. Swallowi, of
Dr. Shumard, from the same horizon. A moie careful comparison, however,
at once shows it to present well defined specific differences. In the first place,
the outline of the anterior margin of its head is more regularly rounded, its
entire cephalic shield longer in proportion to its breadth, while its postero-
lateral angles are produced into small spines. Its glabella also differs in being
a little narrower anteriorly than behind, instead of the reverse, and its sides
straight instead of sinuous. The posterior lateral lobe of its glabella likewise
differs in being entirely isolated by the furrow ju-t in advance of it intersect-
ing the neck furrow, and the other lateral furrows are less distinct than in
P. Swalloiri. Again, our species differs in having its glabella granulose, and
the segments of its medial lobe each provided with a row of minute marginal
granules, instead of having " the whole surface minutely punctate."

It is very probable we should call this species Phillijisia dhptica, as it seems
to present most of the characters of that genus. Unfortunately, the charac-
ters distinguishing these groups seem not to have been very clearly pointed
out.

Locality and position. Jersey County, Illinois. Kinderhook Group, of
Subcarbonit'eious series.

Genus PHILLIPSIA, Portlock, 1843.

Subgenus GRIFFITHIDES, Portlock, 1843.

Phillipsia (Gkiffithides) Portlockii, M. & W.

Entire outline subovate. Cephalic shield subsemicircular, nearly twice as
wide as long, moderately convex, rounded in front and straight behind, with
the posterior lateral angles terminating in short, pointed, spine-like appenda-
ges extending back to the third thoracic segment. Glabella ovate, tumid, con-
tracted and depressed behind, widest and most convex anteriorly, where it is
about one-thiid narrower than its length from the neck segment to its rounded
front, which is not margined by a projecting rim; very distinct from the
cheeks in consequence of its greater convexity ; posterior lateral lobes small,
much depressed, and isolated by the oblique lateral furrows in front being so

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 269

directed as to intersect the neck furrow ; immediately in front of these there
are, on each side, traces of another small, very obscurely defined, lateral lobe ;
anterior lobe ventricose, and composing much the larger portion of the whole.
Neck furrow deep and broad ; its continuation across the posterior side of the
cheeks distinct, straight and terminating at the lateral furrows of the cheeks ;
neck segment prominent, twice the size of the thoracic segments, and equalling
the greatest transverse diameter of the glabella in front, but more depressed.
Eyes in the form of somewhat oval, ventricose tubercles, considerably lower
than the glabella, from which they are separated by distinct depressions ;
placed about half their length in advance of the posterior margin of the cheeks,
and without visible facets ; palpebral lobes, depressed, not covering the eyes,
but merely connecting with their inner sides, so as to leave the visual area
forming an almost isolated tubercle. Cheeks sloping from the eyes into a
broad, rather deep marginal sulcus, which is not continued around the front
of the glabella, but extends back a little upon the lateral spine; outside of
this there is a rather thick, distinctly striated marginal rim, which becomes
very nearly obsolete around the front of the glabella. Facial sutures cutting
the anterior margin nearly on a line with the eyes, but curving so as to leave
a small semicircular wing on each anterior lateral margin of the glabella; in-
tersecting the posterior margin of the cheeks about midway between the late-
ral angles and the neck segment.

Thorax nearly as long as the glabella, exclusive of the neck segment ; dis-
tinctly trilobate ; axal lobe slightly wider than the lateral lobes, rounded and
rather prominent ; its nine segments narrow and straight, or not arching for-
ward. Lateral lobes more depressed, somewhat flattened on the inner and
rounding down to the lateral margins ; segment" duplicated by a nearly me-
sial furrow extending from their inner ends out to, or a little beyond the
undefined knee, beyond which they are obliquely flattened for folding to-
gether and rounding at their extremities.

Pygidium a little more than oue-fourth wider than long, rather distinctly
convex, rounded behind and more or less straight in front, with anterior late-
ral angles obliquely truncated and a little rounded. Mesial lobe very promi-
nent and well defined, rounded above, and a little flattened or furrowed on the
sides ; as wide anteriorly as the lateral lobes, tapering and declining some-
what posteriorly to an abrupt, obtuse termination, about half its own greatest
anterior breadth within the flattened margin ; segments, fourteen or fifteen,
distinctly defined, smaller than those of the thorax. Lateral lobes depressed
below the mesial lobe, somewhat flattened on the inner side, and sloping to the
rather narrow and more flattened border; segments ten, somewhat oblique,
well defined for three fourths of the distance out, and thence less distinctly
so, to within a short distance of the margin ; a few of the anterior ones with
an obscure longitudinal furrow.

Surface granulose, the granules being largest on the posterior portions of
the glabella, palpebral lobes and neck segment. On the segments of the axal
lobe, both of the thorax and pygidium, as well as on those of the lateral
lobes, they are very small and regularly disposed, so as to form a single row
to each segment.

Entire length, 1-19 inches; about, 0'70 inch. Length of pygidium, 0-44
inch; breadth of do. , 0-5t> inch. Length of thorax, 0*33 inch; breadth of
do. 0.60 inch. Length of cephalic shield, 0-42 inch ; breadth of do. 0-64 inch.
Length of glabella, exclusive of neck segment, 0-36 inch ; breadth of do.
0*24 inch. Length of eyes, 0-13 inch.

This species is remarkable for the structure of its eyes, which, instead of
being, as usual, cuvered by the palpebral lobes, have the form and appear-
ance of distinct oval tubercles, with the palpebral lobes very small, depressed
to, or a little below the elevation of the eyes, and merely connecting with
their inner side. We have not been able to see any facets in the eyes, even
under a good lens, but they doubtless existed beneath the external crust.

1865.] 18

270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

We know of no species with which it could be, for a moment, confounded.
With the exception of the above mentioned peculiarities of the eyes, it agrees
well with the characters of Griffithides, and doubtless must be called Griffi-
t hides PoTtlockii, if that group is to be retained as a distinct genus.

Named iu honor of Col. J. E. Portlock, of the Royal Ordinance Survey, of
Ireland, and author of the genus.

Locality and position. Warsaw, Illinois ; Keokuk Limestone, of Subcarbo-
niferous series.

Phillipsia (Griffithides) scitula, M. & W.

Small, entire outline nearly elliptical. Cephalic shield semielliptic, very
convex, about one-third its breadth wider than long, rounded anteriorly, and
nearly straight, or more or less concave in outline behind, with posterior la-
teral angles produced backwards into rather stout, carinated, pointed spines,
which extend as far back as the fifth thoracic segment. Glabella broadly
rounded and sloping in front, where it is destitute of a projecting marginal
rim ; distinctly contracted posteriorly, in which region it is most elevated ;
separated from the cheeks on each side by its much greater convexity, and a
shallow furrow, which becomes obsolete around the front ; posterior lateral
lobes comparatively large, subtrigonal, very oblique, depressed and isolated
by the strongly defined lateral furrows in front of them being so very oblique,
and produced, as to intersect the neck furrow ; midway between these two
lobes there is a more prominent mesial node, isolated by an accessory furrow
passing across in front of it, so as to cut it off, as it were, from the narrow
posterior central part of the glabella ; second and third lateral lobes very
small, transverse and obscurely defined by short, nearly obsolete linear fur-
rows ; anterior lobe larger than all the remaining portions of the glabella be-
tween it and the neck furrow. Neck segment a little higher in the middle
(where it is provided with a minute tubercle) than the glabella, strongly
arched upwards, (not forward) and more than twice as wide, antero-posteri-
orly, as one of the thoracic segments ; neck farrow deep, broad, and arching
with the neck segment. Eyes comparatively large, or half as lon<r, and (be-
hind) nearly as prominent as any part of the glabella, located with their po-
sterior margins opposite the neck furrow, and less than half their own length in
advance of the posterior margins of the cheeks ; visual surface ventricose, or
Bubhemispherical, smooth, or even polished, as seen under a good pocket lens,
but when examined by a high magnifying power, showing numerous, regularly
disposed, minute lenses, beneath the smooth, transparent, outer crust ; pal-
pebral lobes semicircular, convex, and resting upon the eyes like lids. Cheeks
as compared with the size of the eyes and glabella, small, sloping abruptly from
the eyes into the deep, broad, marginal furrow, which becomes suddenly ob-
solete on reaching the anterior lateral margins of the glabella, and extends
backwards to, or even a little upon the posterior lateral, subspiniferous ap-
pendages ; posterior margins with an elevated rim, strongly defined by the
deep continuation of the neck fnrrow ; lateral margins showing, as seen from
above, a narrow rim, which, in a side view, is seen to be deep, vertically flat-
tened, and marked by fine parallel longitudinal stria; ; anteriorly it continues
around the front of the glabella, but does not project so as to be visible from
above, while its upper margin is continued in the form of a carina along the
middle of the posterior lateral spines to their points. Fascial sutures very
nearly as in the last species.

Thorax nearly as long as the head, but somewhat narrower, very distinctly
trilobate ; mesial lobe prominent, rounded and a little wider than the lateral
lobes ; its nine segments narrow, and subangular. Lateral lobes depressed
and flattened near the mesial lobe, and so abruptly sloping from the outer
side of this flattened space as to impart a slight angularity along that region ;
segments corresponding in size with the segments of the mesial lobe, and

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 271

distinctly kneed near the middle, outside of which they are bent down and
obliqely flattened for folding together and rounded at the extremities.

Pygidium very convex, smaller than the cephalic shield, forming more than
a semicircle, with the anterior lateral angles obliquely truncated ; posterior
outline regularly rounded, with a moderately wide, smooth, depressed, nearly
fiat, or sloping marginal zone ; trilobation, as in the thorax, strongly defined ;
mesial lobe prominentias wide anteriorly as one of the lateral lobes including
its border, distinctly flattened on each side, slightly tapering to an obtuse ter-
mination, less than half its own greatest anterior breadth from the posterior
edge, segments eleven or twelve, well defined above, but nearly obsolete on
the flattened sides. Lateral lobes convex, but distinctly less so than the mesial
lobe, horizontally flattened near the latter, with an angle along the outer
margin of the flattened space, from which the sides slope abruptly to th«
flattened, smooth border ; segments six, simple, bent down in the middle,
very distinct, but terminating abruptly at the rather wide border ; each with
a minute pustule on the knee.

Surface of glabella and all the segments more or less granulose, the gran-
ules being larger on the posterior part of the glabella and neck segment than
elsewhere.

Entire length, 0*60 inch. Length of pygidium, 0*19 inch ; breadth of do.
0*27 inch ; length of thorax, 0*18 inch ; breadth of do. 0*28 inch ; length of
cephalic shield, 0-23 inch ; breadth of do. 0-32 inch.

As near as can be determined by a description of the pygidium alone, thia
species would seem to be nearly related to P. Cliftonensis, of Shumard. The
middle lobe of its pygidium, however, is proportionally wider than in that
speeies, being as wide as one of the lateral lobes including the smooth border ;
while in P. Cliftonensis it is said to equal one of the lateral lobes exclusive of
its border ; in addition to this, Dr. S. makes no allusion to the flattened sides
of this lobe, so characteristic of our species. We do not believe it always
possible, however, to distinguish allied species of this genus from the pygidia
alone, and hence, think it would be better if Palaeontologists would never pro-
pose a species without seeing also some of the other parts. At the same time
that our species may be identical with that described by Dr. S., it is far more
probable that if we could compare entire specimens of each, we would find
them entirely distinct.

We know of no described species, the head of which could be confounded
with this ; its comparatively large convex eyes, and distinct mesial node be-
^veen the posterior lateral lobes of the glabella, and the deep vertically flat-
tened and striated lateral margins of its cheeks are marked characters, that
will readily distinguish it. Whether the proposed genus Griffithides is to be
retained as a genus or a subgenus, this must be included in it, since it has the
posteriorly contracted glabella and. smooth eyes of that type. We do not be-
lieve, however, that non-reticulated eyes in any type of Trilobites proves
them to have been blind, for as in this case, they were doubtless always
provided with minute lenses beneath a transparent outer crust.
Locality and position. Upper Coal Measures, Springfield, Illinois.

Phillipsia (Geiffithides ?) Sangamonejjsis, M. & W.

Entire outline elongate subovate. Cephalic shield very convex, forming
more than a semicircle, and about one-third wider than long ; regularly
rounded in front and straight behind, with posterior lateral angles produced
into rather broad, carinated, pointed or subspinous appendages, equalling in
length the distance from the posterior side of the cheeks to the anterior end
of the eyes. Glabella ventricose, very prominent, separated from the cheeks
on each side by a moderately distinct furrow, which also passes around the
front ; most convex behind the middle, thence rounding and declining to the
rounded front, about one-fourth longer than wide, and slightly wider between

1865.]

272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

the eyes than anteriorly ; sides nearly parallel, bnt a little sinuous at the
middle ; posterior lateral lobes comparatively large, subtrigonal or tuberculi-
form, and entirely isolated by the distinct lateral furrows passing obliquely
across with a backward curve, from opposite the middle of each eye, so as to
intersect the neck furrow ; second lateral lobes much smaller and more ob-
scure than those behind, and also oblique, being merely defined by a faintly
impressed, curved, oblique line ; in advance of these there are also obscure
indications of two other short, nearly obsolete lateral furrows, scarcely visi-
ble without a lens. Occipital segment well defined, but lower, and consider-
ably shorter in its transverse diameter than the glabella ; strongly arched up-
wards, (not forwards) and projecting backwards a little beyond the posterior
line of the cheeks ; neck furrow distinct and arching upward with the occi-
pital or neck segment ; its continuation along the posterior sides of the cheeks
very deep, and nearly straight for about two-thirds of the way across towards
the lateral margins, where it intersects another furrow or depression, coming
around the sides of the cheeks. Eyes lunate, rather large, or nearly half as
long as the glabella, exclusive of the neck segment, prominent, but not as
high as the glabella, located about half their own length in front of the po-
sterior margin of the cheeks ; visual surface smooth, or even apparently pol-
ished, and showing no traces of lenses under a good magnifier ; palpebral
lobes convex, and not depressed, but resting like a lid upon the eyes. Cheeks
subtrigonal, declining abruptly from the eyes ; lateral margins turned down-
wards, and forming below a sharp edge, which continues back along the lower
margin of the posterior spine-like appendages ; above this there is a vertically
flattened, or even concave zone or belt, extending from near the front part of
the glabella around the outside of each cheek, and becoming a shallow furrow
as it passes back upon the spines, along which it seems to be more or less
marked nearly to their pointed extremities ; between this vertically flattened
band and the eyes, there is another nearly horizontally flattened, or outward
sloping zone, extending around each cheek from near the front posteriorly, so
as to unite with the lateral continuations of the neck furrow behind, and con-
tinue as a single furrow along the upper outer margin of the posterior spines,
thus leaving a more or less defined mesial ridge between these two furrows,
the entire length of the posterior lateral spiniferous appendages, as well as
around the cheeks to near the front of the glabella ; posterior margins of the
cheeks, behind the continuations of the neck furrow, very prominent, or form-
ing a thickened rim. Facial sutures extending obliquely forward and out-
ward from the anterior side of the eyes, and again curving inwards, so as to
cut the anterior margin nearly on a line with the anterior inner extremity of
the eyes ; from the posterior end of the eyes, directed obliquely outwards and
backwards, so as to intersect the posterior margin nearly midway between
the neck segment and the subspiniferous lateral posterior appendages.

Thorax only known from a few of the posterior segments, which show the
mesial lobe to be wider and distinctly more prominent than the lateral lobes,
which are flattened near the mesial lobe, and abruptly deflected downwards near
the middle ; segments divided by a furrow near the anterior side from the
knee inwards, and flattened in the direction of the axis at the rounded outer
extremities.

Pygidium semielliptic, slightly wider than long, and rather convex, dis-
tinctly narrower and a little longer than the cephalic shield, narrowing back-
wards and very narrowly rounded at the posterior extremity. Mesial lobe
prominent, a little flattened on each side, and narrower than the lateral lobes,
from which it is distinctly separated by broad, strong furrows ; tapering
gradually backwards, and terminating rather abruptly nearly one-third its
own length from the posterior margin, so as to leave a broad, nearly flat, or
more or less sloping, smooth border, which extends along each side the whole
length of the pygidium, but becomes narrower anteriorly ; segments of mesial
lobe, eighteen, well defined, rounded and very nearly or quite straight. Late-

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 273

ral lobes more depressed, and about one-third or one-fourth wider than th«
mesial lobe, rounding down rather abruptly to the lateral margins ; segments
nine or ten, rounded, simple and separated by distinct farrows ; all terminat-
ing abruptly at the inner edge of the broad, smooth, marginal zone.

Entire surface apparently very nearly smooth.

Length of cephalic shield, exclusive of spiniferous appendages, 0"45 inch ;
breadth of same, 0-6b'inch ; height of do. 0-31 inch. Length of glabella, ex-
clusive of neck segment and anterior border, 0-36 inch ; breadth of same,
across the posterior lateral lobes, 0-29 inch ; do. of same across the constricted
central region, 0 25 inch; do. of same anteriorly, 0-2S inch. Length of eyes,
0-18 inch ; height of same behind, to top of palpebral lobes, O0S inch.
Length of pygidium, 0-50 inch; breadth of same, 0-55 inch.

This species seems to combine the characters of Phillipsia and Griffithides,
as usually understood, to such an extent as to apparently warrant Prof. Ko-
ninck's opinion that these two types can scarcely be regarded as constituting
entirely distinct genera. In its somewhat swollen glabella and smooth eyes,
it agrees with the characters assigned Griffithides, while in almost all its other
characters, it corresponds to Portloek's definition of his genus Phillipsia. We
know of no species with which it is liable to be confounded.

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures.

Note. — In our paper published in the Proceedings of the Academy for Aug.,
1865, p. 154, we proposed the name Sphcerocrinus for a section of the genus
Actinocrinus, of which our A. concavus is the type. Since that time, we ob-
serve Roemer had previously used the name Spharocrinus for another group :
hence we now propose for our type the name Ccelocrinns.

December 12th.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty -one members present.
The following paper was offered for publication :
" Second Contribution to the History of the Delphiuidce." By
Prof. E. D. Cope.

Prof. E. D. Cope exhibited the skeleton of a seal which was shot near Cam-
bridge, Maryland, on an arm of Chesapeake Bay, eighteen miles from salt water,
by Mr. Daniel M. Henry. It was a species of Cystopbora, or hooded seal,
measured 6f feet, and weighed, when living, about 330 lbs. The skin was not
preserved, but the fur of the extremities was straw-colored. The nails very
strong and extended much beyond the palmar integument in its dried state.

Whether this species is the C. eristata or antillarnm can not be
determined, owing to the imperfection of extant descriptions. The eristata
has been taken as far south as New York.

DeKay, in his Zoology, mentions a seal recorded by Mi'chill as having been
taken high up the Chesapeake, near Elktou. It was probably the same as the
present.

Prof. E. D. Cope also exhibited some specimens of crania of Cetaceans of onr
coast, and stated that the only species which could as yet be proven to belong
to our fauna were the following :

Balsena 'cisartica, or Southern Ri«ht Whale.

Megaptera osphyia, The Humpbacked Whale.

Orca, sp., The Killer.

Globicephalus intermedins, or melas, The Black Fish.

Beluga canadensis, The AVhite Whale.

1865.]

274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

Pbocsena brachycium, The Northern Porpoise.
Delpbinus clymene, Dolphin.

tursio, Black Dolphin.

Hyperodon semijunctus, sp. nov., Southern Bottle-nose.
The remaining species are as yet undetermined.

He also alluded to the existence of several species of White Whales, probably
confounded hitherto, owing to their uniform coloration. Similar uniformity
exists in various genera, as Corvus, Chasmarhynchus, etc. A species brought
by Dr. 1. 1. Hayes, from Upernavik, was called B. r h i n o d o n, and a large one
presented by Dr. E. K. Kane was characterized under the name B. concreta.

Dr. I. I. Hayes stated that the two skulls, mentioned by Prof. Cope as be-
longing to the genus Beluga, brought by him from Greenland, were obtained
from the Governor of Upernavik, as those of the White Whale. He also ob-
served, that during his voyage he had seen the White Whale abundantly as
far north as 78° N. lat.

December 19/A.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty-nine members present.

Prof. E. D. Cope exhibited some large, fresh specimens of Accipenser s er o t i-
n us Raf., Scaphirhynchops p 1 atyrhynchus, Polyodon fo li u m, and Buba-
lichthys taurus from the Ohio. In regard to the geographical distribution
of fishes, he alluded to the species of the streams of the lowlands of late for-
mation near the coast in New Jersey, Delaware, and southward, as being to a
considerable extent different from those of the streams which descend through
the rolling country which lies between this and the first ridges of the Alle-
ghenies, — a distribution repeating points observed among the plants. The
characteristic types are —

Ambloplites pomotis, Hololepis erochroiis,

Bryttus obesus, Aphredoderus sayanus,

chaetodon, Melanura annulata,

Apeltes quadracus, Hybognathus procne,

and certain species of Cyprinodontidfe. Stilbius americanus and Moxos-
toma oblongum find a most congenial habitat in these sluggish streams,
though common species of the upper country ; but the Exoglossum, Rhinich-
thys, Semotilus, ( = Ceratichthys) are wanting, or very rare. Esox reticulatus i3
most especially abundant.

Of the list given, the Hybognathus occurs in still coves about dams in the
bill country, and Bryttus chaetodon, he was informed by J. Burke, had
been taken in a pond near Bristol., Pa., near the Delaware. Other than these
he knew of no example of the above species occurring in the upper country.

December 2Q(h.

The President, Dr. Bridges, in the Chair.

Twenty-three members present.

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were
ordered to be published :

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 275

Observations on the Microscopic Shell Structure of SPIRIFER CUSPIDATUS,

Sowerby, and some similar American forms.

BY F. B. MEEK.

In his valuable and accurately illustrated work on the British Carboniferous
Brachiopoda, page 45, Mr. Davidson states that Spirifer cuspidatus, Sowerby,
"belongs to the genus Spirifer proper, and not to the subgenus Cyrtia," as
he and others had supposed. He also adds that " no specimen of S. cuspi-
datus I have hitherto been able to examine, has exhibited a deltidium in its
entire condition, but which, in all probability, was not perforated by a circu-
lar foramen, as seen in true types of the subgenus Cyrtia." In a note at the
bottom of the page containing his explanations of plate viii., however, of the
same work, he corrects the above statement as follows : " At page 45, I stated
that no specimen of S. cuspidatus I had hitherto been able to examine pos-
sessed its deltidium, and that I considered it was, in all probability, pot per-
forated by a circular foramen, as in the true types of the subgenus Cyrtia.
Subsequently, however, Mr. S. P. Woodward showed me the internal cast of
the ventral valve of a specimen in the British Museum, thought to have be-
longed to S. cuspidatus, and derived from the Dolomitic carboniferous lime-
stone of Bredon Hill, in which there is evidence that the deltidium was in
reality perforated by a circular foramen as in Cyrtia." Of this internal cast,
as well as of a gutta-percha mould made from it, Mr. Davidson gives good
figures, on plate ix. (figs. 1 and la) of the work above cited.

From these remarks, and the accompanying figures, it seemed to be nearly
or quite demonstrated, that S. cuspidatus is a true Cyrtia, as had formerly
been supposed by Prof. McCoy and Mr. Davidson, and, as it is also the type
upon which Sowerby had founded his older genus Spirifer, it would follow,
as a matter of course, that Cyrtia, Dalman, could only be regarded as an exact
synonym of the typical section of Spirifer, Sowerby, which view was adopted in
the work on the Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri, by the writer and Dr. Hay-
den. It will also be observed that the shell structure of Spirifer is there de-
scribed as being impunctate, in accordance with the views of Dr. Carpenter
and Mr. Davidson in regard to the group to which we propose to restrict it,
after separating, generically, the punctate types Spiriferina and Cyrtina.

Some examinations I have recently had an opportunity to make, however,
of the shell structure and internal characters of several American forms,
closely allied to, if not in some instances identical with, Spirifer cuspidatus,
as well as of a supposed authentic British example of that species, in the
collection of Mr. Worthen, at Springfield, have given rise to doubts in regard
to the correctness of some of these conclusions.

I was led to make these examinations by observing in Mr. Worthen's col-
lection excellent specimens, apparently of Spirifer capax, Hall, (very similar
to S. cuspidatus, Sowerby) from Clarksville, Missouri, showing exactly tho
form and internal characters of a genus Syringothyris, proposed by Prof.
Winchell, in the Proceedings of the Academy for January, 1863. It will be
remembered that Prof. W. described the type of this genus as having the
form and general external characters of Spirifer cuspidatus, but differing in
the possession of a curious internal tube connected with the inner side of a
kind of deep-seated, false deltidium, or transverse plate passing across be-
tween the dental laminae. He also states that the shell structure is impunctate.

On examining the specimens above alluded to in Mr. Worthen's collection,
I at once observed their exact agreement in all internal characters, as well as
iu the form, ornamentation, &o., with Syringothyris, but soon saw, while look-
ing at them with a gool pocket lens, some evidences of a punctate structure,
and, on afterwards placing fragments of the shell under a high magnifier,
where they could be examined by transmitted light, they were found to be
beyond doubt punctate. Subsequently I mentioned this fact to Prof. Win-

1865.]

276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

chell, at Chicago, and requested him to re-examine his typical specimens
of Syringothyris, to see if he could discover any traces of punctures.
He afterwards informed me that he had done so, hut could see no evidences
of punctures, and he kindly gave me a slip of glass upon which wete fastened,
with Canada balsam, fragments of his typical species and of another not yet
described, in neither of which any punctures were visible.

In this connection, however, it is proper to remark, that all of these frag-
ments are either very small, or so opaque and badly preserved, that the punc-
tures might not be apparent, even if ihey exist. It is also worthy of note
that in several shells of this type which I have examined, the punctures are very
small, and so distant that fragments large enough to show clearly the punctures
as seen in the various types of Terebratulidce, might be without a single punc-
ture. From these facts, and others to be mentioned farther on, I am strongly
inclined to think Prof. Winchell's specimens are not in a good condition
for showing the shell structure, and without intending to attribute any care-
lessness or want of discrimination to that gentleman, that tjiese species may
yet be found to be punctate when other specimens in a better state of preser-
vation are obtained.

On looking farther through Mr. "Worthen's collections, I saw other species
of this type, and examined their shell structure with the following results :
first, a form from Missouri, believed to be Spirifer subcuspidatus, Hall,
from the Keokuk division of the subcarboniferous series, (and thought by
Mr. Davidson, from an examination of examples from Illinois, to be identical
with European forms referred to S. cuspidal us), was examined, and found to
be unquestionably punctate. The punctures are small and scattering, but
owing to the fact that they were, in the specimens examined, filled witli dark
opaque matter, they could be very clearly seen by transmitted light, in thin
fragments saturated with Canada balsam. The interior of this shell is unknown
to me.

Next, specimens of apparently another species or variety, (scarcely, if at
all, distinguishable, by external characters at least, from certain forms of S.
cuspidatus as usually understood), from the fine-grained sandstone of the
Knobbs, back of Albany, Indiana, were examined, and also discovered to be
clearly and unquestionably punctate, the punctures being small and scatter-
ing as in the. last. Internal casts of this shell, from the same locality, show
it to possess exactly the internal characters of Syringothyris, Winchell.

Having thus found the punctate structure clearly visible in the several
American forms mentioned, a specimen of S. cuspidatus, sent by Mr. Davidson
to Mr. Worthen from Millicent Island, was examined, and quite unexpected-
ly found to be also clearly punctate, like the American forms. This Irish speci-
men is not in a condition to show the interior, but on removing some of the ma-
trix from the foramen it was found to possess, near the beak at least, the trans-
verse plate, or deep-seated false deltidium, seen in Syringothyris, though it was
impossible to determine, without spoiling the specimen, whether or not the
characteiistic tube exists in connection with its inner side.

Now when it is remembered that as careful, conscientious, and accurate an
observer as Dr. Carpenter, has pronounced the structure of Spirifer cuspidatus
impunctate,* after a thorough examination, the question naturally suggests
itself, whether there may not be two closely similar, but really very distinct,
British types confounded under the single specific name S. cuspidatus ? that
is, one with a punctate structure and another without it. If so, and the punctate
structure is here, as I am much inclined to believe, coincident with the pecu-

* After speaking of the fact that Mr. Davidson hail, on other grounds, divided the Spirifer
group into sections, which it was also found could he distinguished by their shell structure, Or.
Carpenter remarks that " under the subgenus Ci/rlia, he [Mr. Davidson] places these impunctate
species, which, like C. Irapczoidalis. have a perforation for the pasi-age of a pedicle; besides these
tpecies 1 have examined C. cuspidata, [= Spirifer cuspidatus,] h:h1 am fully satisfied that in
neither of these do any perforations exist." (Davidsoii's Introduction lo the Classification of t/t*
Bradneipuda,p. C4.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 277

liar internal characters of Syringothyris, it becomes a matter of some interest
to know upon which of these types Sowerby formed the genus Spirifer. If it
was upon the one with a punctate structure and an internal tube, then Syringo-
thyris would apparently be an exact synonym of the genus Spirifer, which
would differ from the ordinary types usually referred to that genus, such as
S. striatum for instance, (= Trigonotreta, group of Koenig, ) as widely as the
latter differs from Spirifer in a and Cyrtina. If, on the contrary, Sowerby's
type was an impunctate shell without tlie internal characters of Syringothyris,
or in other words a Trigonotreta, then Syringothyris would stand as a distinct
group, differing from Spirifer proper in as important characters as those dis-
tinguishing Spiriferina and Cyrtina.

Since seeing some of the internal casts of Syringothyris, in Mr. Worthen's
collection, showing the peculiar appearances produced by the impressions left
by the false deltidium and its attached internal tube, I have been struck with
their similarity to the figures given by Mr. Davidson, (on plate ix. of his work
already cited), of an internal cast of a supposed example of S. cuspidatus,
thought to indicate the presence of a perforation through the deltidium. It
is also worthy of note that Mr. Davidson refers this specimen to S. cuspidotus
with doubt, and says it denotes the presence of a "tubular" perforation.
Hence, I am very much inclined to the opinion that it rather indicates the in-
ternal characters of Syringothyris, than of an actual perforation through the
deltidium, as in Cyrtiu,* and thus seems to sustain the view that there may
be at least a part of the British specimens referred to S. cuspidatus, possessing
the internal characters of Syringothyris. This opinion receives further sup-
port, too, from the fact that Prof. McCoy, in describing 5. cuspidatus from
Irish examples, says it has an " internal, deep-seated pseudo-deltidium, with-
out perforation, leaving only an opening at its base."

It is to be hoped that those who may have duplicate authentic British ex-
amples of Spirifer cuspidatus, may be induced to make sections across the
beak of the ventral valve, with the view of ascertaining whether or not any
of them have the internal tube of Syringothyris, and if so, to ascertain
whether the punctate structure is coincident with the presence of this internal
appendage.

It may be proper to repeat here, for the information of those who may b«
disposed to make such observations, that in all of these shells I have exam-
ined, the punctures are very small, scattering and not arranged with the regu-
larityseen in must types of Terebraiulidie, orin Cyrtina, Spiriferina, &c. Where
they happen, as is often the case, to be filled with matter of the same color
and translucency as the fibers composing the shell, it is exceedingly difficult
to see them. When very small fragments only are examined, they may like-
wise be readily overlooked, as the fragment may contain but one or two of
them, in which case they might not attract attention. Where they are filled,
however, with dark or opaque matter, and a fragment, say 0"03 of an inch or
more in diameter, is examined with a moderately low power, they are very
distinctly seen, and cannot be for a moment mistaken for any appearance
produced by a merely accidental cause.

Note. — It may not be out of place to add here, that the writer and Mr.
Worthenhave ascertained that the Coal-measure species, Spirifer hemiplicatus,
(Hall,) is a distinctly punctate shell, and that it has not the internal charac-
ters of Spirifer or Spiriferina, but those of Orthis, excepting that there are in
the ventral valve three prominent, very closely approximate, and nearly par-
allel laminae, extending from the beak forward to near the middle of the valve.
Hence we regard it as the type of a new group, probably a section of the genus
Orthis, for which we have in MSS. proposed the name Synjrilasma, M. & W.

* It is nut improl able, however, that the tube in Syringothyris may have sometimes, in young
shell, been connected with an external opening through the deltidium, though none of the speci-
mens 1 have seen Bhows such au opening.

1865.]

278 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

Second Contribution to a History of the DELPHINID.E.

BY E. D. COPE.

Beluga rhinodon, sp. nov.

Dr. Isaac I. Hayes brought, from his last Arctic expedition, the skeletons
of two evidently different species of White Whales. These, with another in
the Academy's Museum, brought by Dr. E. K. Kane, I enumerated as speci-
mens of the common Beluga catodon, in my "First Contribution to the
History of the Delphinidae," but subsequently, after a thorough study, I was
compelled to believe they had belonged to as many species, and recorded
them as such at a meeting of the Academy, %{vide Proceedings, 1865, p. 274.)
After a study of more extended material, I have come to the conclusion that
the genus of White Whales, like that of Corvus, Quiscalus, etc., is represented
by several species of similar color. This view is consistent with our know-
ledge of its distribution throughout all the Arctic seas, and the great num-
bers in which they occur on the coasts of all Arctic regions. At present I
give briefly the diagnostic characters of four species, premising that I have
not at present means of determining the full characters of two, — Beluga
vermontana, Thompson, and Beluga k i n g i i, Gray. The present species
comes under section

a. Cervical vertebrae distinct; no vertebral canal ; dorsals and ribs ten ;
acromion recurved.

Muzzle short, to notch equal from notch to supraoccipital crest; exposed
prenareal part of maxillaries extending to opposite notch. Palatines barely
in contact ; vomer well developed behind them. No tubercular process on
first rib. Teeth 4—6.

Beluga c at o d on, auctorum.

Muzzle to notch one-half of whole cranium ; exposed portion of maxilla-
ries half way to notch ; palatines much in contact; vomer scarcely developed
behind ; first rib with an elongate tubercular process. Teeth " 8 — 8 to 10
—10."

«a, Cervical vertebrae distinct, no vertebral canal ; dorsals and ribs
eleven ; acromion decurved.

Beluga d e c 1 i v i s, sp. nov.

Muzzle to notch half length of cranium; exposed portion of maxillaries
half way to notch ; palatines widely separated ; vomer well developed be-
hind them; first rib with an elongate tubercular process. Teeth 9 — 10.

«**. Axis and third vertebra anchylosed by centrum and diapophyses,
latter perforate for vertebral artery ; dorsals and ribs eleven ; acro-
mion recurved.

Beluga c o n c r e t a, sp. nov.

Muzzle to notch half total length of cranium ; exposed portion of maxilla-
ries half way to notch; palatines largely in contact; vomer little developed
behind them. No tubercular process on first rib. Teeth 6 — 7.

In the d e c 1 i v i s and concreta the neural spine of the axis is steeply
tectiform and keeled; in the catodon and rhinodon very flat. The
diapophyses of the seventh cervical are longer and more recurved in the
rhinodon than in the others.

The length of the skeleton of the rhinodon is 7 feet 10| inches ; .of
the con ere ta 13 feet 2^ inches. The former, and that of the c a t o d o n,
are from Upernavilt ; those of the concreta and d e c 1 i v i s were obtained
by Dr. Kane ; the last is in the Museum Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass.

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 279

The White Whale of the St. Lawrence, Delphinus canadensis of Des-
marest, figured roughly after Duhamel, by Gray, (Zool. Erebus and Terror,)
and recently described by Prof. Jeffries Wyman in the Proc. Bost. Society
Nat. History, is distinct from the preceding species. In all of them there is
a strong postero-inferior medial process of the atlas, not seen in Dr. Wyman's
figures, and in none is the odontoid process prolonged or elevated ; his
figure represents a deeper (thicker) axis, and'more elevated atlas than any of
the preceding possess. The rudimental dorsal fin and auricular meatus do
not exist in the true c a to don, (syn. B. albicans,) carefully described by
Barclay and Neill in the Wernerian Transactions, 1817, (the former repre-
sented by a ridge only;) nor do Pallas and others allude to a dorsal fin, as
observed by Dr" Wyman. The complete vertebral canal of the third cervical
vertebra is, perhaps, also a character. In a specimen ten feet in length, the
seven cervicals measured seven inches, which is the length given for those of
a catodon of fourteen feet.

The Beluga canadensis must be included in the fauna of the United
States, though not included in the published New York or Massachusetts fauna?.
Josselyn states, page 105 of "An account of two voyages to New England,
(1673,)" "The sea hare is as big as a grampus or herring-hog, and as white as
a sheet. There hath been some of them at Black Point Harbour, Maine, and
some way up the river, but we could never take any of them ; several shot slugs
at them, but lost their labour." Verrill, in his Catalogue of the Mammals,
observed at Anticosti in the summer of 1861,* does not enumerate this spe-
cies. He notes two species of Megaptera, which is probably the first record
of the Megaptera osphyia, (Proc. Acad., 1865, 178.)

Phocsena' brachycium.

Two specimens (Nos. 105-6) from the Museum of the Essex Institute at
Salem, Mass., which has lent me, through Fredk. W. Putnam, Director,! nu-
merous specimens of Cetaceans, represent this species. It is found in the
harbor of that port, and is called the " Puffing Pig."

As compared with the P. communis, the muzzle is less acuminate and
elevated on the median line ; the mamillaries are flatter, oblique, and not de-
scending vertically to the alveolar border. The triangle is more elevated,
and not flat, medially, and extends to beyond the posterior fourth of the
dental series. The premaxillary knobs are strongly developed, and their
posterior acumination does not extend behind the middle of the margin of
the nareal opening. Nasals with a curved concavity and external prominence.
The squamosal bone, occipital process, and sphenoid border are much pli-
cated. The points of insertion of the muscles on the basioccipital bone are
situate one opposite each condyle, instead of on a median longitudinal ridge.
A very small triangular surface of the vomer reaches the palatine plane,
giving its posterior border little of that W-shaped outline produced in the
P. communis by the large developement of the vomer. The pterygoids are
broader than in the same species, nor prolonged so far posteriorly.

The distance from the coronoid process to the angle of the mandible en-
ters 3| times into the length of the ramus ; its middle is measured by the
lower part of the condyle. The alveolar border is half the length of the
ramus to the coronoid process.

The sella turcica is but little depressed, and the corpus olivare little ele-
vated. The bony falx is well developed near the foramen magnum, but
rapidly diminishes superiorly; no tentorium. There is a lateral fontanelle
on the supraoccipital of «ie specimen, none on the other.

• Proc. Bust. Soc. N. H., 1862, 135.

f Not Secretary, as accidentally mentioned in my first "Contribution." i

1865.]

280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

106 105

Inch. Line. Inch. L/me.

Length from end muzzle to convexity of occipital con-
dyle 11... 1-2 11... 4

Length from end muzzle to basal notch 4... 6 4... 7-6

" " " nares 5... 1-2 5.... 8

" " " supraoccipital crest 8... 10-4 8... 10-8

" of ramus mandibuli 8... 0 7... 9

Breadth at middle of alveolar border 1 ... 1 1 *4 1... 9-2

" notch 2... 96 2... 10

«« middle of orbits 5... 0-4 4... 7-8

" temporal crests 5... 0-5 4... 10-5

" -of blow holes 1... 3 , 1... 2

" premaxillary knobs 1... 6-8 1... 5-4

" premaxillaries at middle muzzle 0...10-5 0...11

•• palatines anteriorly 1 1 1 1... 9

" angles of mandible 4... 8-6 4... 9

Length of upper tooth line 3... 63 3... 9-2

" gonys 1... 0 0... 98

Depth of ramus at middle tooth line 0... 8-4 0... 7-2

-r .i 25 24

Teeth _ — .

24 21

The os hyoides has somewhat the form of a caudal fluke. The anterior
extremity is grooved below ; the haemal apophyses are broader than the body,
convex exteriorly, thin on the edges, and tapering to a very small articular
extremity. Length of body 1 inch 5-8 lines. Extent of apophyses 3 inches
8-6 lines.

Prof. Wyman states,* that in " the porpoise," probably following Cuvier,
the seven cervical vertebrae are anchylosed. Hunter states of the Phocsena
communis that the four anterior only are united.

Hyperodon s e m.i j u n c t u s, sp. nov.

The question as to whether a Hyperodon exists on this side the Atlantic,
has at length been solved by the description which I have received through
Dr. Alexander Wilcocks of this city, of a species taken in Charleston Har-
bor. This is well drawn up by Gabriel Manigault, who set up the specimen,
which adorns the Charleston Museum. The points wherein it evidently
differs from its congeners, the H. bidens and latifrons, are. first,
the separation of the four posterior cervical vertebrae, the three anterior
only being solidly anchylosed, instead of the seven, as in the known species,
even in the young, according to Dr. J. E. Gray. Second, the possession
of one or more pair of ribs added to the flying series, and of two more ver-
tebrae, including ten dorsals instead of nine.f Five ribs are connected with
the sternum, of which the anterior articulates with the seventh cervical by
Its inferior head.

I extract the following from Gabr. Manigault's description :
"The superior maxillary bones are quite pointed in front and widen out
towards the base of the snout. Their lateral edges become developed on
each side into a prominent vertical ridge, which is slightly convex on the
outer surface, and the reverse on the inner. These bones, after having
widened out upon approaching the orbits, ascend vertically along with the
occipital (the two together holding the frontal, which is quite perceptible,
between them.) and form at the back of the heacfra transverse ridge, which
is quite high and very thick. From my not knowing by what name it was

* Journ. Bost. Sac. N. Hist., 1863, p. 6G9.

f Nine are given by Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, viii. 188 ; and Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond.,
1864, 419. ^

[Dec

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 281

known, I did not satisfy myself concerning the presence of palatine tuber-
cles. Another peculiarity of the head consists in the lower*maxillary bones
being provided each at its point with a single small and very sharp tooth.
These Were not noticed during the dissection, owing to their being too much
imbedded in the integuments ; they are now, however, quite visible. la the
cavity of the skull is a septum of bone separating the cerebrum from the
cerebellum, (i. e. the tentorium.) The first rib is very wide and short, and
presents a marked contrast to the others. -The sternum is quite flat and wide.
The pectoral fins are small, and have been carefully preserved, with the
various carpal and phalangeal bones kept together by their natural liga-
ments. As the skeleton stands, the fins consist only of the scapula, the hu-
merus, the radius, and the ulna, with but few phalanges.

" The length of this specimen is between twelve and thirteen feet."

Delphinus e r e b e n n u s, sp. nov.

This species has been noticed, Proc. Academy, 1865, p. 199, as the D.
tursio. though sundry differences were there enumerated, and the possibility
of its distinctness pointed out. The only specimen at that time in the Acade-
my's possession was the skeleton of a young animal. Since then, the institu-
tion has been presented with a skeleton of a very old individual by Dr. Howell
of this city, who obtained the animal some years since from a fisherman's
seine at Red Bank, below opposite this city. Like a usual form of the t u r-
8 i o, the species is probably entirely black, but smaller, and possessed of
several less ribs and dorsal vertebras. The skeletons of the American species
agree in the following formula: C. 7. D. 11. L. 16. C. 4 to 8 to last neural
spine. The first perforated caudal is two vertebras anterior in the older, to
that of the younger specimen. The separate vertebras resemble those figured
by Cuvier (Ossemens Fossiles) except the 12th caudal. It is doubtful, how-
ever, whether the latter represents the t u r s io, as the vertebral formula dif-
fers much from that recorded by Hunter, (Philos. Trans., 1787, 383,) which
must probably be regarded as the type, {vide Gray, Cat. Brit. Mu3.,) as fol-
lows: C. 7. D. 18. L. and C. 37.

The acromion in the erebennusis short, and broadly truncate. In the
small processes of the cervical vertebras the two specimens differ much, the
larger being much the more unlike the tursio. . Their position is elevated
opposite the middle of the ceutra, and two of them have a weak connection
with the superior process, forming a vertebral canal. The diapophysis of
the atlas is short. As in the tursio, this vertebra and the axis are anchy-
losed. The abbreviation of the sternum, apparent in the young specimen, is
borne out by the adult. All the original segments are abbreviated, but es-
pecially the posterior, which is not more than one-third the length given in
Ouvier's figure of the tursio; it is joined at much shorter distances by the
same number of haemapophyses — five. In this specimen it is singularly un-
symmetrical ; the animal exoibits numerous exostoses, and a synostosis of
the body and processes of two of the lumbar vertebrae.

This species has been also mentioned by Prof. Wyman as the tursio.

The length of the specimen presented by Dr. Howell is seven feet and a
half. The teeth are truncated as in the adult tursio.

The Annual Reports of the Recording Secretary and Curators were
read, as follows :

1865.]

282 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP

REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY,

For 1865.

During the year ending November 30th, 1865, there have been elected
twenty-five members and seven correspondents.

The deaths of the following members and correspondents have been
announced.

Members. — Dr. Thos. B. Wilson, Major Chas. Izard Maceuen, Dr. Wm. Dar-
rach, Fernando de la Cuesta^ Wm. Parker Foulke, Jos. Hopkinson, Surgeon
U. S. V., Jas. Dundas, J. Reese Fry, Richard Price, Jacob R. Smith, Joseph D.
Brown, Dr. Francis M. Moore.

At the Annual Meeting, the following additional were announced : Dr.
W. M. Ubler, Rev. Dr. Ducachet.

Correspondents : Dr. R. M. S. Jackson, Wm. Jackson Hooker, Chas. J. Wister,
Wm. F. Lynch.

One member has resigned.

The number of papers contributed and ordered to be published, during
the same time, has been fifty-one, as follows :

E. D. Cope, seven; Isaac Lea, LL. D., 3; John Cassin, 4; F. W. Lewis,
M. D., 1 ; A. Giinther, 1 ; Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., 1 ; Geo. N. Lawrence, "2 ; F. B.
Meek and A. H. Worthen, 5 ; Philip P. Carpenter, 1 ; Theo. Gill, 1 ; Timothy
A. Conrad, 3 ; Alex. Winchell, 1 ; C. A. Helmuth, M. D., 1 ; John L. Le Conte,
M. D., 4; Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M. D., 1 ; Harrison Allen, M. D., 1.

The resignation of Prof. Rand, from the office of Recording Secretary, hav-
ing been tendered, it was accepted at the October business meeting, and Dr.
H. C. Wood, Jr., was elected in his stead.

Chap. III., Art. VII., of the By-Laws, has been amended, by striking out
the second clause, viz. : "but correspondents residing in the United States
shall be charged with a diploma fee of five dollars.

Chap. III., Art. IV., has been amended by striking out the word " all,"
and substituting therefor "three-fourths of," and adding at the end of the
Article the words "not less than fifteen members being present.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

HORATIO C. WOOD, Jr.,

Recording Secretary.

REPORT OF THE CURATORS,

For 1865.

The Curators respectfully present their usual Annual Report, for the year
just about closing, on the condition of the Building and Museum of the
Academy, committed to their supervision and care. They have to regret, in
the commencement, to represent their charge, in some degree, in an unfavor-
able aspect. The collections in natural history, during a series of years,
have increased with such rapidity, and have accumulated to such an extent,
that they have outgrown the proper capacity of the building, and we find
ourselves exceedingly cramped to accommodate the incessant additions.
Further than this, three departments, which comprise the most destructible
objects of natural history, have become so extensive, that we can no longer
command* the voluntary labor of members and committees sufficient and
•ssential to keep them in proper order and preservation. The large and
magnificent collection of birds is actually suffering from the want of atten-
tion, and must inevitably be destroyed if further neglected ; and the same
may be said of the entomological cabinet, the herbarium, and, indeed, of all
the perishable collections.

To preserve the ornithological cabinet, it has become absolutely necessary
that the Curators should be authorized to employ the services of a compe-

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 283

tent person to attend to it at the earliest possible moment. This can be
done at the rate of one hundred dollars monthly, and would, in the course
of a year, ensure the temporary preservation of the collection. The matter
is so important, that we hope the Academy may feel disposed to take some
immediate action on it, even with the apprehension of future pecuniary
embarrassment.

In relation to other perishable departments of our Museum, the Curators
have recently taken steps by which they expect to be temporarily enabled to
ensure their safety ; but we feel it to be of the greatest necessity that, at an
early period, the Academy should attempt to make permanent arrangements
by which all departments of the Museum may be properly arranged and
preserved.

We would further urge upon the Academy the importance of looking for-
ward to procure more ample accommodation for its ever-growing Museum
and Library; and, indeed, we now feel greatly the want of at least double
our present space. A new building, two or three times the size of the one
we now occupy, together with a lecture-room capable of seating about five
hundred persons, and several minor conveniences, would greatly aid the views
of the Academy, and render it far more useful to the interests of science,
and of the community in which we live.

The accompanying list exhibits the contributions to the Museum of the
Academy in its various departments during the year 1865.

Mammals and Birds. — Three species of the former and ten species of the
latter, together with fifty species of birds' eggs, were presented by the Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences.

Reptiles and Fishes. — Of the former, Prof. E D. Cope presented 30 speci-
mens of 7 species of batrachians, and of the latter, 319 specimens of 70
species. Three reptiles and ten fishes were presented by Messrs. C. Guillou,
T. Norris, W. M. Cauley, and Dr. J. M. Corse.

Mollusks. — Four hundred species of shells of Mazatlan and Cape St. Lucas
were purchased. Eight hundred species of shells, of which abont 300 were
new to the Cabinet of the Academy, chiefly from the collection of the
Wilkes' Exploring Expedition, were presented by the Smithsonian Institution.
Mr. G. W. Tryon, Jr., presented 164 species of shells, mostly new to our
< Cabinet; Dr. Isaac Lea, 24 species; and J. H. Thomson, 32 species. Six
other species were presented by Messrs. H. F. Picking, B. Oman, and Dr.
Semple. *

Articulates. — Twenty-seven species of myriapods and spiders were pre-
sented by the Smithsonian Institution, H. C. Wood, E. D. Cope, and M. Miles.

Fossils. — A small collection of New Jersey Cretaceous Fossils, a collection
of 93 species from the Upper Missouri, and a collection from the Wilkes'
Exploring Expedition, were presented by the Smithsonian Institution. Col.
H. Romanowsky presented 36 species from Russia, and small collections and
specimens were presented by Dr. J. Letterman, U. S. A., W. S. Vaux P.
Tarbe, J. P. Lesley, F. Klett, Dr. J. L. Burtt, W. Anderson, J. G. Thayer,'w.
L. Mactier, R. Glover, J. H. Slack, A. Du Bois, G. J. Scattergood, and J.
Da Costa.

Minerals. — Forty-two specimens were presented by Dr. I. Lea, W. S. Vaux
J. C. Trautwine, P. W. Sheafer, A. Du Bois, B. A. Hoopes, E. A. Souder, f!
Klett, W. J. Vinal, J. B. Ware, Dr. Semple, and H. S. Stellwagen.

Botany. — John Warner presented 200 species of Alpine plants, and several
species were presented by Messrs. Garnett and T. E. Ridgway.

Comparative Anatomy. — Two mounted skeletons were presented by G. E.
Manigault, of Charleston, and three by Dr. J. M. Corse. Miscellaneous
specimens were presented by F. Klett and Dr. Leidy.

Respectfully submitted by

JOSEPH LEIDY,
Chairman of the Curators.
1865.]

284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CONCHOLOGY,

For 1865.

To the Curators of the Academy of Natural Sciences :

Gentlemen, — During the present year the Conchological collection has been
increased by the addition of abaut 1400 species (4000 specimens) of which
more than one half are new to us.

Among these donations, two deserve especial notice, viz. :

1st. A collection of 400 species from Mazatlan and Cape St. Lucas. These
are named by Mr. Philip P. Carpenter, and the collection is extremely valuable
to us, from the fact that this gentleman has devoted many years to the special
study of the Mollusca of our Pacific Coast.

A small portion of this collection was purchased by the Academy, but most
of the species were generously presented by Mr. Carpenter, who, in manycases,
has contributed the only duplicates of rare species from his own cabinet.

2d. We have received from the Smithsonian Institution over 800 species of
shells collected by Wilkes' Exploring Expedition. These shells have all been
labelled by the late Mr. Hugh Cuming, after comparison'with the types in his
own collection. Among them are a number of types of new species described
by Dr. A. A. Gould, in his "Report on the Mollusca of the Expedition."

With great satisfaction the Committee announce to you that, with a few
trifliog exceptions, they have during the present year completed the labelling
and arrangement of the entire Conchological Collection. The task has been
an arduous one ; over 7000 labels have been written, and corresponding entries
made in the Catalogue during the year.

lu almost every instance it has been necessary to determine the species by
reference to the Library of the Academy. The splendid donations of sheila
made by the late Dr. T. B. Wilson, were accompanied by loose numbers refer-
ring to catalogues drawn up by eminent London Conchologists ; in the con-
fusion attending the removal of our collection when the last addition was
made to our building, nearly all of these numbers were so displaced as to be
useless. This confusion, (certainly unavoidable, as the Academy has never
possessed adequate means to ensure the proper care of its collections) is deeply .
to be regretted, as the Committee have been compelled to substitute their own
instead of the original more authentic labels. The Academy has not recently
been able to continue to supply its library with Conchological works, which
has increased our difficulties.

When Dr. Wilson's collections were presented to the Academy, they con-
tained about 400 new species. These were not published in England until
several years afterwards, and if we had possessed the means to have them im-
mediately labelled and exhibited, we would doubtless have published most of
them in our Proceedings, and thus received a large portion of tho renown
which has attached to an European Journal among Couchologist3.

The Cabinet now contains upwards of 13,000 species, and is the largest in
America.

Having no published Catalogue of our collection and its duplicates, a neces-
sary basis for extensive exchanges, the Committee have effected very little in
this way. There is probably no other department of the Museum possessing
such numerous duplicates, so that the collection could be greatly enlarged by
exchanges.

The systematic classification of the shells was, until this year, chiefly La-
marckian, but the Committee have substituted for this the more scientific
arrangement of recent systematists. At present the mariae shells are classi-
fied according to the system of Messrs. H. and A. Adams, w.th modifications ;
the terrestrial shells according to that of Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, and the UnionidcP
and fresh water Gasteropods to those of Messrs. Lea, Binney and Tryon. The

[Dec.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 285

Committee have not been able, however, to exhibit the families and genera in
their proper sequence, on account of the over-crowded condition of the cases,
but this can be readily remedied at any time tbat we possess more space.

We also regret the want of space exceedingly, because it debars us from ex-
hibiting those interesting geographical series, which to a naturalist are not less
instructive than a collection of species ; enabling us to acquire a knowledge
of the limits and variations of species, as determined by climatal and other in-
fluences.

Nearly double our present space is required for the proper exhibition of the
collection which we already possess, and a small appropriation to publish a
catalogue, would enable us to increase largely and rapidly.

While we deem it but right that the Academy, through you, should be made
acquainted with our wants, the Committee forbear to press them at this time,
being well aware that other departments of the collection require the first, and
immediate pecuniary aid of the Academy.

Respectfully yours,

GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.,

For Committee on Conchology .

The election of officers for the ensuing year was held in accordance
with the By-Laws, with the following result:

President. Isaac Hays, M. D.

Vice-Presidents Wm . S. Vaux.

John Cassin.

Corresponding Secretary T. Stewardson, M. D.

Recording Secretary H. C. Wood, Jr., M. D.

Treasurer , W. C. Henszey.

Curators Joseph Leidy,M. D.,

Wm. S. Vaux,
John Cassin,
E. D. Cope.

Auditors Joseph Jeanes,

Aubrey H. Smith,
Wm. S. Vaux.

Publication Committee Robert Bridges, M. D.,

Wm. S. Vaux,
John Cassin,
Joseph Leidy, M. D.,
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

1865.] 19

286 ELECTIONS.

ELECTIONS FOR 1865.

The following persons were elected Members, — viz. :

Jan. 31. — Eckley Coxe.
Feb. 28. — Jas. C. Thompson, Chas. Kinsman.
April 25. — Jos. W.#Drexel.
May'SO.—J. B. McCreary, Henry Bryant, M. D.
June 27. — Edward Browning.

July 25. — Lt. Gen'l. Ulysses S. Grant, Maj. Gen. Geo. C. Meade.
Aug. 29. — Benj. -Smith Lyman, Henry Winsor, Chas. F. Parker.
Sept. 26. — Vincent Barnard, A. Hugel, John Brady, John B. Wood.
Oct. 31.— Dr. J. H. McQuillen, John M. Maris.
Bee. 5.— Newbold H. Trotter, Frederick Klett, S. Emlen Randolph,
Alfred B. Taylor, E. Dieffenbaugh, Isaac Burk.
Dec. 26. — Jas. H. Orne.

The following were elected Correspondents :

Jan. 31. — Rev. Ovide Brunet, of Quebec.

Feb. 28.— Chas. Stodder, of Boston.

May 30. — Wm. Theo. Roepper, of Bethlehem, Pa.

June 27. — Leo Lesquereux, of Columbus, Ohio.

Aug. 29. — Lieut. Col. Hennadius Romanowsky, of St. Petersburg,
Russia.

Sept. 26.— P. D. Knieskern, M. D., of Shark River Village, N. J.

Bee. 5. — Lewis H. Morgan, of Rochester, N. Y. ; Prof. Durieu de
Maisonneuve, of Bordeaux, France.

Dec. 26.— Augustus R. Grote, of New York ; Thos. Kite, of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

CORRESPONDENCE. 287

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ACADEMY,

For 1865.

Letters were received and read as follows :

January 3d— Natural History Society in Emden, Oct. 25th, 1864, advising
of their proposed celebration of their 50th anniversary on the 29th of De-
cember, 1864, and inviting the members of the Academy thereto.

The Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, Nov. 16th, 1864, acknowledging
the receipt of the publications of the Academy.

January llth. — A. Boivin, Paris, May 23d, 1864, acknowledging his election
as correspondent.

February ItL— Baron Osten-Sacken, New York, Feb. 1st, 1865, in regard to
exchange with the Natural History Society in connection with the University
of Moscou.

February 21st. — Maximilian, Prince de Weid, Nieuwied, Feb. 5th, 1865, ac-
knowledging his election as correspondent.

Theo. Gill, on a correction to a paper published in the last number of the
Proceedings.

March 14th. — Royal Asiatic Society, London, July 20th, 1864;

Natural History Society of East Altenburg, July 26th, 1864; transmitting
their publications and acknowledging the receipt of those of the Academy.

The Imperial Academy of Sciences, Moscow, June 15th, 1864 ;

The Natural History Society of Freiburg, Oct. 20th, 1864;

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Nov. 16th, 1864 ;
transmitting their publications.

Royal Horticultural Society, London, Oct. 26th, 1864;

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Oct. 4th, 1864; acknowledging the
receipt of the publications of the Academy.

March 2lst. — Imperial Leopold Carolus Academy, Dresden, Nov. 28th,
1864;

Geological Survey of India, Calcutta, July llth, 1864 ; severally transmit-
ting their publications.

The Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., Feb. 25th, 1865, acknowledging the re-
ceipt of the Proceedings.

Society of Natural Sciences of Wurtemburg, Nov. 15th, 1864, acknowledg-
ing the receipt of the Proceedings and requesting a supply of deficiencies.

Office of the Geological Survey of Sweden, Stockholm, Nov. 1st, 1864, trans-
mitting donations to the Library and desiring exchange.

Natural History Society, Nurmberg, June 15th, 1864, transmitting dona-
tions to the Library.

April 1th. — Smithsonian Institution, March 27th, 1865, accompanying a
donation to the Museum.

April llth. — Baron Von Osten-Sacken, New York, March 21st, 1865, trans-
mitting publications of the Entomological Society of St. Petersburg, and de-
siring exchange.

288 CORRESPONDENCE.

Theo. Gill, Washington, April 8th, 1865, desiring to withdraw his note of
Feb. 21st.

May 9th. — Royal Society, Edinburg, Jan. 4th, 1865 ;

Royal Library, Munich, Sept. 27th, 1864;

Royal Academy of Sciences, &c, Bruxelles, Sept. 15th, and Oct. 1st, 1864;

Imperial Geological Society, Vienna, Sept. 26th, 1864 ; severally acknowledg-
ing the receipt of the publications of the Academy.

The Natural History Society, Riga, Dec. 1864, transmitting a donation to
the Library.

Royal Society of Sciences, Gottingen, Feb., 1865;

Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Nov. 30th, 1864; severally transmit-
ting their publications and acknowledging the receipt of those of the Acade-
my.

May \6th. — Linnean Society, Bordeaux, Jan. 2d, 1865, accompanying dona-
tion.

Royal Academy, Belgium, Sept. 1863;

Royal Academy, Lisbon, March 22d, 1865;

Smithsonian Institution, Oct. 11th, and July 18th, 1864, severally ac-
knowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy.

Chas. Stoddart, Boston, May 11th, 1865, acknowledging his election as cor-
respondent.

May 23c?. — Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna, Feb. 1st, 1865, trans-
mitting a donation to the Library.

The Lyceum of Natural History, New York, May 15th, 1865, acknowledging
the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy.

June \3th. — Philosophical and Literary Society of Leeds, May 26th, 1865,
acknowledging receipt of deficiencies in the. Academy's publications.

June 20th. — W. T. Roepper, Bethlehem, Pa., June 13th, 1865, acknowledg-
ing his election as correspondent.

Smithsonian Institution, Dec. 12th, 1864;

German Geological Society, Berlin, Nov. 8th, 1864;

Imperial Society of Naturalists, Moscow, Feb. 26th, 1865;

Natural History Society, Augsburg, Oct. 10th, 1864; acknowledging the
receipt of the publications of the Academy.

Society of Physics and Natural History, Geneva, Feb. 1st, 1865 ;

Natural History Society, Gorlitz, Feb. 28th, 1865; transmitting their publi-
cations and acknowledging the receipt of those of the Academy.

Natural History Society, Briinn, Dec. 12th, 1865, transmitting its publica-
tions and desiring exchange.

Natural History Society, Montreal, June 15th, 1865, asking a supply of de-
ficiencies.

July \8th. — Prof. Jos. Henry, July 10th, accompanying donations to the
Herbarium.

Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid, acknowledging the receipt of the Pro-
ceedings.

Natural History Society, Hannover, accompanying their publications.

August 1st. — British Museum, London, acknowledging the receipt of the
Proceedings of the Academy.

August \Uh. — Albany Institute, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed-
ings.

September 5th— Messrs. Meek and Worthen, Aug. 29th, 1865, in regard to
their paper adopted at the last business meeting of the Academy.

September 12th. — Linnean Society, 'Lyons, Oct. 20th, 1864, and June 15th,
1865;

Catholic University, Louvain, Jan. 15th, 1865 ;

Asiatic Society of Bengal, March 23d, 1865 ;

CORRESPONDENCE. 289

■

Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid, April 28th, and May 3d, 1865;

Imperial Academy of Sciences, &c, Lyons, Oct. 30th, 1864; severally ac-
companying donations to the Library.

Museum of Bergen, Norway, April 24th, 1865, acknowledging receipt of the
Proceedings.

Natural History Society of Prussian Rheinlands and Westphalia, March 3d,
1865, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings and Journal.

Microscopical Society, London, May 11th, 1865, in reply to a letter con-
cerning deficiencies and acknowledging receipt of Proceedings.

Royal Horticultural Society of South Kensington, May 25th, 1865, in reply
to a letter concerning deficiencies and accompanying donation to Library.

Public Museum of Buenos Ayres ;

Natural History Society, Hannover, Feb. 15th, 1865 ;

Council of Improvement annexed to the Royal Technicological Institute of
Palermo,' dated July 29th, 1865, accompanying donations to the Library and
asking exchange.

October 3d. — Lyceum of Natural History, New York, Sept. 11th, 1865, ac-
knowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy.

October 11th.— Dr. G. Hartlaub, Bremen, Sept. 21st, 1865 ;

India Office Library, Westminister, Sept. 27th, 1865 ; each asking supply of
deficiencies.

October 2Uh. — Albany Institute, Oct. 16th, acknowledging the receipt of
the Proceedings.

Secretaries of the House of Bishops and of the House of Clerical and Lay
Deputies of. the Protestant Episcopal Convention, Oct. 19th and 20th, ac-
knowledging the invitation to visit the Museum of the Academy and return-
ing thanks therefor.

November lUh. — Swiss Society for the General Natural Sciences of Berne ;

Natural History Society of Berne, Dec. 6th, 1864 ; acknowledging receipt of
Proceedings.

Royal Asiatic Society, June 19th, 1865 ;

Royal Academy of Sciences, &c, Padua, June 15th, 1865 ; acknowledging
receipt of Proceedings and accompanying donations to the Library.

Society of Natural Sciences in Wurtemberg, Stuttgard, June 1st, 1865, ac-
knowledging receipt of Proceedings, asking supply of deficiencies and ac-
companying donation to Library.

Natural History Society, Emden, Aug. 1st, 1865, accompanying donations
to the Library.

Natural History Society, Danzig, May 8th, 1865, accompanying donation to
Library.

Lyceum of Natural History of New York, Oct. 23d, 1865, acknowledging
receipt of the Proceedings.

December 5th. — Dr. Robert Bridges, declining re-election to the office of
President of the Academy.

December 19th — Prof. Leo Lesquereux, Nov. 25, 1865, acknowledging his
election as correspondent.

Imperiale Institute of France, Nov. 6th, 1865;

Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, acknowledging receipt of Proceed-
ings.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM

1S65.

Anderson, Wm. Sept. 12th. Fossil vertebrae of a whale. York River, Va.

Burtt, Dr. J. L. July \lth. Two Mercenaria, from the Miocene, 390 feet from
the surface at Fort Monroe.

Canby, W. M. Sept. 5th. Two fishes from Isle of Shoals, N. H.

Chicago Academy of Sciences. Feb. 14lh. Three species of Mammals, 10
species of Birds, and about 50 species of Birds' Eggs.

Cope, E. D. June20th. Two species of Myriapoda. July Wth. Thirty speci-
mens of 7 species of Batrachia, 319 specimens, 70 species of Fishes ; from
Western Pennsylvania, Michigan and Europe.

Corse, Dr. Jas. M. Dec. 19th. Skeleton of the Codfish, Alligator and Dog.
Mounted Bull-frog.

Da Costa, J. Feb. 14th. Tooth of Oxyrhina. Mullica Hill, N. J.

Du Bois, A. March 1th. Three specimens of Auriferous Pyrites, 1 Aurifer-
ous Quartz, Calcedony, Fossil Wood and Fossil Coral. From South Park,
Colorado.

Garnett, Mr., U. S. N.. June 6th. Male flowers of a species of Palm from
South America, through Dr. Greenbank.

Glover, Ridgway. Oct. 3d. Fossil Trionyx Fragment. Camden Co., N. J.

Guillou, C. Mr. May 23d. Four Viviparous Fishes from California, and a speci-
men of Stalactical Lava, from a Lava cave of Sandwich Isles.

Hamlin, Dr. A. C. Dec. 19th. Large mass of Sulphuret of Copper. From
Ducktown Mines, Tenn.

Hoopes, B. A. Feb. 14th. Native Copper, Lake Superior.

Klett, Frederick. Oct. 10th. Pyrhotine from Vermont. Six specimens of
oolitic phosphates of lime and alumina, and a fossil coral from the Island
of Navassa. Some human bones and stone axes from a guano deposit
at the depth of eight inches. From the Island of Orchilla, W. I.

Lea, Isaac. Feb. 21st. Phlogopite, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., do. Jefferson
Co., N. Y. Steatite, Chester Co., Pa. Octohedral Iron, Chester Co., Pa.
Staurotide, Del. Co., Pa. March 14(h. Marmolite, 2 Lithomarge, Arra-
gonite, Actinolite, Melanite, Carbonate of Lime, Blue Quartz and Cubi-
cal Pyrites from Chester Co., Pa. Anthracite from Calcareous Sand-
rock, Little Falls, N. Y. May lGth. Twenty-one species of Fresh Water
Shells, types. May 23d. Specimens of Mica from Delaware Co., and
Quartz and Clinochlore from Chester Co. Nov. 14th. Cyauite and As-
bestus with Actinolite from Chester Co., Necronite from Newcastle, Del.
Nov. 21st. Lymnsea Pingellii, L. Groenlandica, L. Apicana from Green-
land and St. Lawrence River.

Leidy, Dr. Jos. Sept. 19th. Lampugus punctulatus. Nov. 21st. Lymnsea
oleacea, L. lanceata, L. catascopium, from Lake Superior.

Lesley, J. P. Nov. 14th. A collection of Devonian Fossils. From Gaspe"
Bay at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.

Letterman, Dr. Jona. Feb. 14th. Tooth of Mastodon.

Oman, Benj. Sept. 12th. Specimens of Hyalea from Newport, R. I.

Mactier, Wm. L. Sept. 12lh. Five specimens, of fossils from the limestone
formation near the Ottowa River, 20 miles from Montreal, Ca.

Manigault, Gabriel E. June 20th. Finely mounted skeleton of a Monkey of
South America, and an Owl.

Miles, Prof. Manly. June 20th. Four species of Myriapoda.

Newton, Mr. April 11th. Large Spider from Brazil.

Norris, Thaddeus. Oct. 24th. Leiostomus obliquus, Caranx defensor and
Labrax pallidus. From Newport, R. I.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 291

Picking, Lieut. H. F. Aug. 15th. Loligo.

Powel, S. May 16th. Foraminiferous Sand, Newport, R. I.

Reptiles and Insects, a collection of, June 6th.

Ridgeway, Dr. T. E. July llth. Fruit, leaves and woods of Sequoia gigan-
tea, California.

Romanowsky, H. June 13th. Thirty-six species of Jurassic, Cretaceous, De-
vonian and Silurian Fossils from Russia.

Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S. W. June 13th. Specimens of Vellela from the
Pacific Ocean.

Semple, Dr. Sept. 19th. Specimen of Sombrero Guano. Chiton from Som-
brero.

Scattergood, Geo. J. May 16th. Vertebrae of Hyposaurus Rogersii from
White Horse, Camden Co., N. J.

Sheafer, P. W. Feb. \4&h. Anthracite Coal, Sullivan Co., Pa.

Shells, four hundred species from Mazatlan and Cape St. Lucas. Purchased
by the Academy.

Slack, Dr. J. H. Nov. 21st. Cardium Spillmani from Monmouth Co., N. J.

Smithsonian Institution. May 9th. A collection of marine shells of about
800 species, of which 300 are new to the Museum of the Academy,
principally from the collection of Wilkes' Exploring Expedition. May 23d.
A collection of Fossils from the Marl of New Jersey, obtained by F. B.
Meek. A collection of Fossils, of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, from
Oregon and Australia, types of Dana's Geology of the U. S. Exploring
Expedition. A collection of 93 species of fossils from the Upper Mis-
souri, collected by Lieut. Warren and Dr. Hayden. June 20th. Fifteen
species of Myriapoda.

Souder, Edward A. Oct. 3d. Cryolite from Ivigtut, Arksuk Fiord, Green-
land. .

Stellwagen, H. S. Sept. 5th. Sculptured fragment of marble from Baalbec.

Tarbe, Prosper. May 23d. A small collection of tertiary fossils from Au-
teuil, France.

Thayer, Jas. G. Sept. 12th. Large slab of stone with fossil plant.

Thomson, J. H. Dec. 19th. Thirty-two species of terrestrial shells from
Tahiti.

Trautwine, J. C. Jan. 3d. Earthy Vivianite. Allentown, N. J.

Tryon, Geo. W. May 16th. Nineteen species of fresh water shells, types.
Sixty-six species of land and marine shells new to the collection. Oct. 3d.
Sixty-five species of land and fresh water shells. Nov. 21st. Nine-
teen species of land and fresh water shells, principally from Syria and
Algiers. Two Serpents from Hilton Head. Sept. 12th.
Vaux, Wm. S. Nov. 21st. Fine large specimen of Rutile from Lancaster
Co., Pa. Dec. 5th. A collection of fossils from Oriskany Sandstone of
Muncy Hills, Pa. Skeleton of a small species of Ichthyosaurus, a verte-
bra of a large species of Ichthyosaurus, series of five vertebrae of do.,
three bones of do., large coprolite, vertebra of Plesiosaurus. Jaws of
an Ichthyosaurus, dorsal spine of Hybodus reticulatus, two fishes, a Nau-
tilus and a fragment of fossil wood. From the Lias of England. A fossil
shell from Syria.

Vinal, W. J. Oct. 3d. Sal Ammoniac on anthracite from Mauch-chunk.

Ware, Maj. J. B. July llth. Two specimens of Auriferous Pyrites. Colora-
do Territory.

Warner,* John. Jan. 3d. Two hundred species of alpine plants from the
vicinity of Zermatt, Switzerland.

Wilcocks, Dr. Alex. June 20th. Skeleton of a Hawk. Deposited.
Wilson, Rathmell. May 9th. A small collection of woods and geological
specimens. Presented by Mr. Rathmell Wilson, Executor of the Estate
of Dr. T. B. Wilson.
Wood, Dr. H. C. June 20th. Five species of Myriapoda.
Woolman, Jas. May 16th. Fire Clay from Plainville.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY

1865.

JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS.

DENMARK.

Ghristiania. Forhandlingar i Videnskabs — Selskabet. Aar., 1863.
Copenhagen. Videnskabilge Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i
Kjobenhavn. 1863. From the Society.

HOLLAND.

Stockholm. Ofversigt af K. Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar. Tjugonde

Argangen. 1863, Nos. 1 — 10. 1864. From the Society.
Altenburg. Mittheilungen aus dem Osterlande. 16 Band, 4es Heft. 1864.

From the Society.
Berlin. Zeitschrift fiir die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. Jahrg., 1863.
Band 22, 1863. From the Society.
Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. 29 Jahrg., 6es Heft to 31 Jahrg., 2es Heft.

From the Editor.
Wochenscbrift des Vereines zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues. Nos. 30,

1864, to 30, 1865. From the Society.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft. 16 Band, 3 and 4

Heftes; 17 Band, les Heft. From the Society.
Berliner Entomologischer Zeitschrift. 8er Jahrg., 3es and 4es Heftes, 9er

Jahrg. Vierteljahresheft. From the Berlin Entomological Society.
Physikalische und Mathematische Abhandlungen der K. Akademie der

Wissenschaften. Aus dem Jahre., 1863. From the Society.
Sitzungsberichte, of the same. From 48 Band, 5 Heft, to 50 Band, 2 Heft.

From the Society.
Verzeichniss der AbhandluDgen Gelehrter Gesellschaft, &c, in der
Bibliothek der K. P. Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1864. From the
Society.
Mon atsberichte der K. P. Akad. der Wissen. 1864. From the Society.
Bonn. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorische Vereines der Preus. Rheinlands

und Westphalens. 21er Jahrg., 2es Heft. From the Society.
Bremen. VIII. Jahres-Bericht des Instituts fiir Schwedische Heil-Gym-

nastik in Bremen. 1865. From the Director.
Danzig. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Neue Folge. len

Bpnd, les and 2es Heftes. From the Society.
Darmstadt. Notizblatt des Vereins fiir Erdkunde und verwandte Wissen-

Ecbaften. III. Folge, III. Heft. 1864. From the Society.
Dresden. Novorum Actorum Academise Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolina?
Germanicaa Naturae Curiosorum. Tome 31. From the Soeiety.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 293

Emden. Neunundvierzigster und fiinfzigster Jahresberichtes der Naturfor-
schenden Gesellschaft. 1863. From the Society.
Erlangen. Jahresbericht iiber die FortscLritte in dor Biologie ira Jahres.

1843 — 1853. Herausg. von Dr. Canstatt und Dr. Eisenmann. Four Vols.

1844 — 1853. From the Library Fund.
Frankfurt-am-main. Der Zoologische Garten. 5er Jahrg., Nos. 7 — 12; 6er

Jahrg., Nos. 1—6. 1865. From the Editors
Freiburg. Berichte iiber die Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesell-

schaft zu Freiburg. Band, III. ; Heft, II. 1864. From the Society.
Giessen. Untersuchungen zur Naturlehre des Menschen und der Thiere.

9 Band, 5es Heft. From the Library Fund.
Gottingen. Nachrichten von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der

Georg-Augusts-Universitiit aus dem Jahre 1864. From the Society.
Gorlitz. Abhandlungeu der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 12er Band.

From the Society.
Halle. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 9en Bandes, les

Heft. From the Society.
.Hannover. Vierzehnter Jahresbericht der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft.

1865. From the Society.
Leipzig. Jahrbuch fur wissenschaftliche Botanik. 4er Band, 2es Heft.

From the Executors of the late Dr. Wilson.
Munich. Sitzungsberichte der K. B. Akademie der "Wissenschaften. 1863,

It, Heft, II. ■ to 1864, II., Heft, II. From the Society.
Annalen der K. Sternwarte. 13er Band, and 4er Supplement band. 1863 —

64. From the Society.
Abhandlungen der Philos.-Philol. Class der K. B. Akademie der Wissen-
schaften. lOen Band, les Abth. From the Society.
Neubrandenburg. Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in

Meklenburg. 18 Jahrg. From the Society.
Nu'rnberg. Abhandlungen der Naturbistorischeu Gesellschaft zu Niirnberg,

III. Band, Halfte. 1864. From the Society.
Offenbach-am-Main. Fiinfter Bericht des Offenbacher Vereius fur Naturkunde.

1864. From the Society.
Regensburg. Abhandlungen des Zoologisch-Mineralogischen Vereines in

Regensburg. Neuntes Heft. 1864. From the Society.
Correspondenz-Blatt of the same. 28 Jahrg. From the Society.
Stettin. Entomologische Zeitung. 1864. 25er Jahrg. From the Ento-
mological Society of Stettin.
• Amtlicher Bericht iiber die 38te Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher

und Arzte. Sept., 1863. From the Society.
Stuttgart. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie und Palreontologie.

Jahrg., 1864, 6es and 7es Heft. From the Editors.
Wiirttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. 19 er Jahrg., 2es

und 3es Heft; 20er Jahrg., les, 2e& and 3es Heft. 21 Jahrg., les

Heft. 1863—64—65. From the Editors.
Vienna. Jahrbuch der K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt. 1864. 14 Band,

No. 3, to 15 Band, No. 2. From the Society.
Denkschriften der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Math-Naturw.

Classe. 23er Band. From the Society.
Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. Band VIII. From the Editors.
Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft. XIV.

Band. 1864. From the Society.
Wiirzburg. Wiirzburger Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift. Vierter Band,

II., to 5er Band, 4es Heft. 1864. From the Physikalische Medicinischen

Gesellschaft.

294 DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

SWITZERLAND.

Basel. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 4er Theil lea

Heft. From the Society. '

Geneva. Bibliotheque Universale. Archives des Sciences Physiques et

Naturelles. Nouvelle Periode. Tome 21, No. 83, to Tome 24 No 93

Also Tome 9, No. 35; Tome lOme, Nos. 38—40 ; Tome lime Nos 41—

44 ; Tome 16me, No. 61. From the Editors.
Memoires de la Socidte de Physique et D'Histoire Naturelle. Tome 17

2d Partie. From the Society,
Lausanne. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles Tome

VIII., Bulletins 51 and 52. From the Society.
Neuchatel. Bulletin de la Spcie'te' des Sciences Naturelles. Tome Gme 3me

Cahier. '

RUSSIA.

St. Petersburg. Bulletin de L'Academie Imperiale des Sciences Tome 5
No. 6, to Tome 7, No. 2. From the Academy.
Memoirs of the Same. Tome 5, No. 2, to Tome 6, No. 12. From the
Academy.

Horae Societatis Entomological Rossicse. Fasc. Primus et secundus

1863. From the Society.

Moscow. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 1863
and 1864. From the Society.

BELGIUM.

Bruxelles. Memoires Couronne's et autres Memoires publie par L'Academie
Royale des Sciences, &c, de Belgique. Collection in 8vo. Tome 15
4to, Tome 31. From the Society.
Memoires of the Same. Tome 34. From the Society.
Bulletin of the Same. Tomes 15 — 17. From the Society.
Annuaire of the Same. 30me AnneX From the Society.
Louvain. Annuaire de l'Universite Catholique deLouvain. Annee Bissextile.

1864. 28me Annee. From the University.
Sixteen Religious Theses. From the Same.

FRANCE.

Angers. Memoires de la Societe Academique de Maine et Loire. 3me to 6me

Volume. From the Society.
Bordeaux. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences physiques et naturelles.
Tome III., ler Cahier. 1864. From the Society.
Actes de l'Academie Imp. des Sciences, &c. 3e Serie, 1864. ler to 4me.

Trimestres. From the Society.
Actes de la Societe Linneenne. Tome 24, le Livr, to Tome 25, 3me Livr.
From the Society.
Caen. Bulletin de la Societe Linne'enne de Normandie. 9me Vol. From

the Society.
Cherbourg. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles. Tome

10. From the Society.
Dijon. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-

Lettres. Anne'e, 1863. From the Society.
Lyon. Annales de la Societe Linneenne. Annee 1863 — 1864. Nouvelle
Serie. Tome lOme and lime. From the Society.
Annales de la Societe' des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. 3me Serie,

Tome 7. From the Sbciety.
Memoires de L'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, &c. Classe des Sciences,

Tome 13me, Classe des Lettres. Tome lime. From the Society.
Bulletin of the Meetings of the same. 1865. From the Society.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 295

Montpellier. Acad^mie des Sciences et Lettres. Memoires de la Section des

Sciences. Tome III., Fase. 1—3. From the Society.
Paris. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. From Tome II., Zoology, No. 5, and

Tome 1, Botany, No. 6, to Zoology, Tome 4, No. 2, and Botany, Tome

III., No. 5. From the Library Fund.
Revue et magasin de Zoologie. Recueil mensuel par M. F. E. Guerin-

Meneville.° 1864, No. 10, to 1865, No. 10. From the Editors. _
Bulletin mensuel de la Soci^te Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. 2me

Series. Tome ler, No. 10, Oct. 1864, to Tome II., No. V. From the

Society.
Annales des Mines. 6me Serie, vol. v. 3e Livr. de 1864, to vol. vii. Livr.

2. From the Minister of Public Works, France.
Journal de Conchyliologie. Tome IV., Nos. 3 and 4. 3me Serie. Tome

V., Nos. 1 to 3. 'From the Editors.
Comptes Rendus des Stances et M6moires delaSoci^te de Biologic Tome

5me de la 3me Serie. 1864. From the Society.
Congres Scientifique de France. 28me Session, Tomes lme to 5me. From

Mons. Ghas. Des Moulins.
Journal de l'Anatomie et de la physiologie, No. 6. From the Library

Fund.
Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. 4me Serie, Tome 4me.

From the Society.

ITALY.

Bologna. Rendiconto delle Sessioni dell'Academia delle Scienze dell'Istituto

di Bologna. 1863 — 64. From the Society.
Memoirs of the same. Serie II., Tomo 3 and Tomo 4, Fasc. 1. From the

Academy.
Palermo. Giornale d<S Scienze Naturali et Economiche publicato per cura del

consiglio di perfezionamento annesso al R. Istituto Technico di Palermo.

Vol. i., Fasc. 1 and 2. From the Institute.
Giornale del Reale Instituto D'Incoraggiamento di Agricultura, Arti e

Manifattura in Sicilia. Terza Serie, Anno 1, Nos. 1—6. 1863. From

the Society.
Padova. Revista Periodica dei Lavori della I. R. Academia di Scienze, &c,

21—26. 1862 — 65. From the Society.

SPAIN.

Madrid. Memorias de la R. Academia de Ciencias exactas fisicas y naturales.
Tomes II. III. IV. Ciencias fisicas, Tomo 1, part 3, T. 3, parte 1 ; Ci-
encias exactas, Tomo 1, parte 2, Tomo 2, parts 1 and 2. 1863 — 64.
From the Society.
Resumen de las Actas, of the same. 1863. From the Society.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Dublin. The transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol.24. Polite Lit-
erature, part 1 ; Science part 3 ; Antiquities, parts 1 and 2, 1864.
From the Society.
Proceedings of the same. Vol. 8, parts 1—7, 1864. From the Society.
Journal of the Royal Dublin Society. Nos. 32 and 33. From the Society.
Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 10, part 2. From the Society.
Edinburgh. Proceedings of the Royal Society. Session 1863 — 64. Vol. 5, No.
62. From the Society.
Transactions of the same. Vol. 22, part 3. From the Society.
Transactions of the Botanical Society. Vol. 8, part 2. From the Society.
Leeds. Report of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society
of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1863—4. From the Society.
Forty-fourth Report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Lit-
erary Society. 1863—4. From the Society.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 296

Liverpool. Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society, No. 18.

From the Society.
London. The Athenaeum Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science,

&c. Parts 442 to 444. From the Executors of the late Dr. Wilson.
The Reader. Vol. 4, No. 104. From the Editors.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. New Series, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2,

1864. From the Society.
The Ibis. Vols. 1—6, 1859—64. From the Library Fund.
Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society. Vol. 4, No. 8, to vol. 5,

No. 7. From the Society.
The Journal of the Society of Arts and of the Institutions in Union. Vol.

12, 1864. From the Society.
Proceedings of the Royal Institutions of Great Britain. Vol. 4, part 4,

Nos. 39, 40. From the Society.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 20, part 4, vol. 21, part

1. List of members. From the Society.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Vol. 13, Nos. 68 and 69.

From the Society.
Transactions of the same. Vol. 154, parts 1 and 2. From the Society.
Transactions of the Entomological Society. Vol. 2, parts 2, 3 and 4, vol.

3, part 1. From the Society.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Nos. 83 — 87. From the Li-
brary Fund.
London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. Nos. 190 — 195.

From the Library Fund.
Notes and Queries. Parts 34 — 38. From the Editors.
The Journal of the Chemical Society. New Series, from Oct. 1864 to June

18C5. From the Society.
Quarterly Journal of the Microscopical Society. New Series, Nos. 17 and

18. From the Executors of the late Dr. Wilson.
The Natural History Review. Vol. 2. From the Editors.
Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society, for the

year 1864, parts 1, 2 and 3- From the Society.
Transactions of the same. Vol. 5, part 4. From the Society.
Trubner's American and Oriental Literary Record. Nos. 1 to 8. From

the Publishers.

UNITED STATES.

Albany. Transactions of the Albany Institute. Vol. 4, 1858 — 64. From the

Institute.
Transactions of the Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts. Vol. 4,

part 2, 1819. From the same.
Boston. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 9, pp.

305 to end of volume, and vol. 10, pp. 1 — 16. From the Society.
Cambridge. Annual Report of the Trustees of the Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology for 1864 ; also for 1862. From the Trustees.
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 6, pp.

341-364. From the Academy.
Philadelphia. The Dental Cosmos. New Series, vol. 6, No. 6, to vol. 7, No. 5.

From the Editors.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. From Nos. 97 to 100.

From the Editor.
The Gardener's Monthly. Vol. 7, Nos. 1 to 12. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1865. Nos. 1 — 4.
Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vols. 78 and 79, Nos. 468 to 475. From

the Executors of the late Dr. Wilson.
Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. 1, 1864. From

the Society.

297 DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

American Journal of Conchology. Vol. 1, parts 1 — 4. From the Execu-
tors of the late Dr. Wilson.

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. Vols. 2, 3 and
4, and vol. 5, No. 1. From the Library Fund.

The Practical Entomologist. Vol. ], No. 1. From the Entomological
Society.

Proceedings of the American Phil. Soc. Vol. 9, No. 72, vol. 10, No. 73.
From the Society.

Transactions of the same. Vol. 13, part 1. From the Society.

American Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 37, Nos. 2 to 6. From the Editor.
New Haven. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vols. 39 and 40.

From the Editor.
New York. The New York Medical Journal. Nos. 1 — 4 and Nos. 6 — 9. From
the Editors.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. Vol. 8, Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
From the Society.

Proceedings of the American Geographical and Statistical Society. Pp.
117 — 174. From the Society.
Salem. Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol. 4, Oct., Nov. and Dec, 1864,
No. 4, vol. 2, pages 353—438, vol. 3. Vol. 4, No. 5, Act of Incorpora-
tion, &c. From the Society.

Journal of the Essex Co. Natural History Society, No. 3. From the So-
ciety.
San Francisco. The San Francisco Medical Press. Vol. 6, No. 4, 1865. From
the Editors.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences. Vol. 3, pp.
97 to 208. From the Society.

California Farmer for 1865. From the Editors.
Washington. Report of the National Academy of Sciences for the year 1863.

From Dr. Jos. Leidy.
Worcester. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, Oct. 21, 1864,
April, 1865. From the Society.

CANADA.

Montreal. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. New Series, Vol. 2, Nos
1 to 4. From the Natural History Society of Montreal.

Quebec. Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Ses-
sion 1864 — 65, New Series, part 3. From the Society.

Toronto. Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures of Upper Canada.
Vol. 5, Nos. 1, 2. From the Editor.
The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. New Series, Nos. 55
to 59. From the Editors.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Halifax. Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural
Sciences. Vol. 2, part 3. From the Society.

SOUTH AMERICA.

Buenos Aires. Anales del Museo Publico de Buenos Aires. Entrega Primers,
1864. From the Director.

ASIA.

Batavia. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-Lacflen Volkenkunde, uitgegeven
door het Bataviaasch Genootschap vair Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
Deelen 11 and 12. From the Society.
Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Weten-
schappen. Deel 29. From the Society.

298 DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

OTHER SCIENTIFIC WORKS.

Agassiz, Alex. Embryology of the Star Fish. From the Author.

Seaside Studies in Natural History. By Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alex.
Agassiz. Marine Animals of the Massachusetts Bay. Radiates. 1865.
From the Authors.
Andrew, Wm. Constitution of Nature. Milwaukee, 1864. From the Author,
Annual Report of the Geological Survey of India, 1863 — 64. Calcutta,
1864. From the Survey.
Memoirs of the Same. Vol. III., Part 2, and Vol. IV., Part 2. Calcutta,
1864. From the Survey.
Armored Vessels, Seven Plates of. From the Navy Department.
Baird, S. F. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Review of American
Birds in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1. North
and Middle America. From the Author.
Barrande, J. Defense des Colonies, III. Prague, 1865. From the Author.
Bentham, G. Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis herbariis kewensibus
servata definita. Vol. Primi, Pars II. Sistens Dicotyledonum Poly-
petalarum ordines XL London, 1865. From the Library Fund.
Bertolini, Ant. Amcenitates Italicae. : Bonanise, 1819. From Dr. C. Percy

La Roche.
Binney, W. G. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection. 1*74. Bibliography
of North American Conchology previous to the year 1860. Part 11.
1864. From the Smithsonian Institution.
Bircbaum, Dr. K. F. J. Untersuchungen fiber den Bau der Eihaute bei

Saugethieren. Berlin, 1863. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Bleeker, M. P. Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neederlandaises.
Livres 1 — 17. Amsterdam, 1864 — 75. From Dr. Wilson, on the usual
conditions.
Bohn, H. G. Catalogue of Books. Vol. I., 8vo., London, 1858. From the

Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Boot, Francis. Illustrations of the Genus Cares. 3 Vols. Folio, London,

1858. From the Library Fund.
Bourguignat, M. J. R. Malacologie de L'Algerie. 5me Fasc. Paris, 1864.
From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Mollusques nouveaux, litigieux ou peu connus. ler — 4me Fasc. Paris,
1863 — 64. From the late Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.
Boivin, Am. Description de Cinq especes nouvelles du Genre Conus. Paris,

1864. From the Author.
Brady, Geo. S. Reports of deep sea dredging on the coasts of Northumber-
land and Durham. From the Author.
Bruent, J. C. Manuel du Libraire et de 1' Amateur de Livres. 5 Vols., and

Vol VI., No. 1, 8vo. Paris, 1864. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Buchenau, Dr. F. Ueber Juncus pygmaeus Rich, und Juncus fasciculatus
Schousbee. 8vo. Tract. From the Author.

Ueber die Sprossverhiiltnisse von Glaux maritima. From the Author.
Buhl, Dr. L. Ueber die Siellung und Bedeutung der Pathologischen Anatomie.

Miinchen, 1863. From the Author.
Cabanis, Dr. J. Museum Heineanum. 4 Theil. Halberstadt, 1863. From

the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Caligny, Marquis Anatole de. Notice historique et critique sur les machines a

compression d'air du Mont-Cenis. Turin, 1860. From the Author.
Castilla, Rey D. Alfonso X de. Libros del Saber de Astronomia del. Tome III.

Madrid, 1864. From the Royal Academy of Madrid.
Catalogue of the American Ph^psophical Society Library. Part 1. Philadel-
phia, 1863. From the Society.
Claparede, Dr. A. R. E. Beobachtungen fiber Anatomie und Entwicklungs-
geschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kiiste von Normandie. Leipzig,
1863, From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 299

Claus, Dr. C. Die frei lebenden Copepoden. Leipzig. From the Executors

of Dr. Wilson.
Cresson, E. T. On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. January, 1865. From the

Author.
On the Hymenoptera of Colorado Territory. Part 1. Philadelphia, 1865.

From the Author.
Dalyell, Sir John Graham. Rare and Remarkable Animals of Scotland.^ 2

Vols., 4to. London, 1857. From the Library Fund.
Davis, Jos. B. Crania Britannica, Decade VI. London, 1865. From the

Executors of Dr. "Wilson.
De Candolle. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis regni vegetabilis. Pars 16.

Parisiis, 1864. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Denny, H. Observations on the Distribution of the Extinct Bear of Great

Britain. From the Author.
Des Moulins, Chas. Notes sur le Scirpus Duvali, Hopp. de Vayres (Gironde).

From the Author.
Le Bassin H/drographique du Couzeau. Bordeaux, 1864. From the

Author.
Dollen, W. Die Zeitbestimmung vermittelst des tragbaren Durchgangsinstru-

ments im Verticale des Polarsterns. St. Petersburg, 1863. From the

Author.
Dozy, F. Bryologia Javanica seu descriptio Muscorum, &c. Auctoribus F.

Dozy et J. M. Molkenboer. Fasc. 41 — 44. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1863.

From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Dubois, Ch. F. Oiseaux de L'Europe. 189 and 190 Livraisons. Bruxelles,

1864. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Dumont, A. H. Memoire sur la Constitution Geologique de la Province de

Li6ge. Bruxelles, 1832. From John Campbell.
Dunker, Dr. W. Palseontographica. Beitriige zur Naturgeschichte der Vor-

welt. Neunter Band, 7e Lief. Herausg. von Dr. W. Dunker. 12er

Band, 3e, 4e, and 5e Lief; 13er Band, le and 3e Lief; 14er Band, le

Lief. Herausg. von H. von Meyer. Cassel, 1864 — 65. From the

Executors of the late Dr. Wilson.
Elliott, D. G. A Monograph of the Tetraonina;, or Family of Grouse. Part

3, 1865. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Engelmann, W. Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis. ler Band,8vo. Leipzig,

1846. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Exploration Geologiquea du Canada. Rapport de Progres pendant les Annees,

1853—56. Toronto, 1857. From Dr. Leidy.
Frauenfeld, G. Ritter von. Ueber eine Pflanzeverwiister eingesendet von Sr.

Durchl. Fiirst Colloredo Mannsfeld. From the Author.
Ueber in der Gefangenschaft geborne Jungen von Salamandra Maculosa,

Laur. From the Author.
Entomologische Fragmente. From the Author.
Zoologische Miscellen. Nos 1, 2, 3. From the Author.
Eine Reise nach Hammerfest. Wien, 1864. From the Author.
French Universal Exposition for 1867. Official correspondence on the subject

published by the Department of State. Washington, 1865. From the

Department of State.
Frey, Dr. H. Das Mikroskop und die Mikroskopische Technik. 8vo. Leipzig,

1863. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Gaudin, M. A. ReTorme de la Chimie Minerale et organique. Paris, 1865.

From the Author.
Gegenbaur, C. Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelsiiule

bei Amphibien und Reptilien. Leipzig, 1862. From the Executors of

Dr. Wilson.
Gerlach, Dr. J. Handbuch der allgemeine und speciellen Gewebelehre des

Menschlichen Korpers. Mainz, 1850. From Dr. Leidy.
Gould, J. The Birds of Asia. Part 16. London, 1864. From Dr. Wilson

on the usual conditions.

800 DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

The Birds of Great Britain. Parts 5 and 6. London. 1864. From Dr.

Wilson, on the usual conditions.
Graesse, J. G. T. Tresor de Livres rares et precieux. Tome 6me, Livres 1

and 2, Dresde. 1864. From the late Dr. Wilson, on the usual con-
ditions.
Gray, Asa. Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany and Vegetable

t Physiology. New York, 1858. From the Library Fund.
Grona'u, Prof. J. F. W. Beilage zu den Tafeln fur sammtliche trigonometrische

Functionem der cyklischen und hrperbolischen Sektoren. Danzig,

1863. From the Author.
Grote, Aug. R. Notes on the Sphingidae of Cuba. From the Author.
Gumbel, G. W. Geognostische Beschreibung des Bayerischen Alpengebirges

und seines Vorlandes. Gotha, 1861. From the Executors of Dr.

Wilson.
Giinther, Albert C. L. G. The Record of Zoological Literature, 1864. Vol.

1. London, 1865. From the Library Fund.

Haberlandt. Ueber eine bisher wenig beobachtete Getreidemotte, Tinea pyro-

phagella, Kllr. From the Author.
Cecidomyia destructor, Say. From the Author.
Haine, A. J. J. F. De Hyperdulia ejusque fundamento dissertatio historico-

theologica. From the Author.
Haldeman, S. S. Notes on Wilson's Readers. From the Author.
Hall, Jas. Geological Survey of Canada. Figures and -Descriptions of

Canadian Organic Remains. Decade II. Graptolites of the Quebec

Group. Montreal, 1865. From the Survey.
Account of some new or little known species of Fossils from Rocks of the

age of the Niagara Group. From the Author.
Hammond, Dr. Wm. A. On Wakefulness, with an introductory chapter on

the Physiology of Sleep. 12mo. Philadelphia, 1866. From the

Author.
Hannover, A. Das Mikroskop. Leipzig, 1854. From Dr. Leidy.
Hansteen, C. Resultate Magnetischer, Astronomischer und Meteorologischer

Beobachtungen. 1863. From the Author.
Hartung, G. Betrachtungen iiber Erhebungskrater Jiltere und neuere Erup-

tiomassen nebst einer Schilderung der Geologischen Verhaltnisse der

Insel Gran Canaria. Leipzig, 1862. From the Executors of Dr.

Wilson.
Heer, Oswald. Beitrage zur niihern Keuntniss der Sachsich-thuringischen

Braunkohlenflora. Berlin, 1861. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Die Urwelt der Schweiz. 2e — 6e Lief, and 12, 13£ Lief. Zurich, 1864.

From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Herget, E. W. Der Spiriferensandsteir* und seine Metamorphosen. 8vo.

Wiesbaden, 1863. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Hervey, E. A Catalogue of the Plants found in New Bedford and its

vicinity. New Bedford, 1860. From J. H. Thompson.
Hewitson, Wm. C. Exotic Butterflies. Part 53, 1865. From the Executors

of Dr. Wilson.
Hcek, M. Recherches sur la Quantite D'Ether contenue dans les liquides, par

M. Hcek et A. C. Oudemans. La Haye, 1864. From the Authors.
Recherches Astronomiques de l'Observatoire d'Utrecht. 2me Livr.

La Haye, 1864. From the Author.
Honeyman, Rev. Dr. On the Geology of Arisaig, Nova Scotia. From the

Author.
Homes, Moriz. Die Fossilen Mollusken des Tertiaer-Bekens von Wien. Band

2, Nr. 5 and 6. From the Geological Society of Vienna.

Irgens, M. Om de Geologiske Forhold paa Kyststraekningen af Nordre Ber-

genhus Amt. Christiania, 1864. From the Author.
James, S. P. On New Mosses. From the Author.
Jan, Prof. G. Iconographie G6ntjrale des Ophidiens. Texte 8vo, Livr. 1

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 301

Plates 4to, Livr. 2—9. Paris. From Dr. Wilson, on the usual con-
ditions.
Note sulla famiglia dei Tiflopidi sui loro generi e sulle specie del generi
Stenostom*. From Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.

Jones, J. M. Contributions to the Natural History of the Bermudas. Part 1,
Mollusca. Halifax, 1864. From the Author.

Karsten, H. Bntrag zur Kenntniss des Rhynchoprion Penetrans. Moskau,

1864. From the Author.

Kercado. De la Sericulture dans la Gironde. Bordeaux, 1863. From the
Author.

Kolliker, A. Ueber das Ende der Wirbelsiiule der Ganoiden und einiger Tele-
ostier. Leipzig, 1860. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.

Kiinstler, G. A. Ueber Getreideverwiister. From the Author.

Leidy, Jos. Cretaceous Reptiles of the United States. Philadelphia, 1865.
From the Author.

Lesquereux, Leo. On the Origin and Formation of Praries. From the Author.

List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British
Museum. Part 2, and appendix. 12mo., London, 1847.
List of Coalcidites. Parts 1 and 2, London, 1846—48. From the Execu-
tors of Dr. Wilson.

Lyman, Theo. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
at Harvard College. No. 1. Ophiuridse and Astrophytidae. Cambridge,

1865. From the Director.

Malmgren, A. J. Kritisk Ofversigt af Finlands Fisk-Fauna. Helsingfors.

1863. From the Author.

Marcou, Jules. Geological Map of the World. Winterthur, 1861. From the

Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Mason, Rev. F. Burmah, its people and natural productions, 1860. From

Miss Mary A. Longstretb.
Massalongo, A. B. Specimen PLotographicum anamalium quorumdam Plan-

tarum Fossilium Agri Veronensis. Verona?, 1859. From the Executors

of Dr. Wilson.
Mather, W. W. First Annual Report on the Geological Survey of the State of

Ohio. Columbus, 1838. From Chas. Lenig, Esq.
McChesney, J. H. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Plates illustrating in part

the New Species of Fossils from the Palaeozoic Rocks of the Western

States. From the Author.
Meek, F. B. Check List of the Invertebrate Fossils of North America; Miocene.

From the Smithsonian Institution.
Meteorologische Waarnetningen in Nederland. Uitgegeven door het K. Neder-

landsch Meteorologisch Institut, 1863. Utrecht, 1864. From the In-
stitute.
Meteorologische Beobachtungen. Aufgezeichnet auf Christrania's Observatori-

uni III. and IV. Lief. Christiania, 1864. From the Observatory.
Meyer, H. von. Palaeontographica. See Dunker.
Middendorff, Dr. A. Th. v. Silbirische Reise, Band 4, Theil 1. St. Petersburg,

1864. From the late Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.

Miquel, F. A. G. Annates Musei Botaaici Lugduno-Batavi. Tome 1, Fasc.

4 — 10. Amstelodanii, 1864. From the late Dr. Wilson, on the usual

conditions.
Milne-Edwards, H. Lecoos sur la Physiologie. Tome 8me, 2me Partie. Paris,

1865. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.

Moleschott, Jac. Untersuchungen zur Naturlehre des Menschen und der Thiere.

9 Band, 5es Heft. Giessen, 1865. From the Library Fund.
Morse, Edward S. A classification of Mollusca based on the principle of Ce-

phalization. From the Author.
Mueller, Dr. C. Walper's. Annales Botanices Systematica?. Tome Sexti Fasc.

1 — 7. Lipsiae, 1861. From the Library Fund.
Munch, P. A. Olaf Tryggvesons Saga ved Odd Munk. Christiania, 1853.

From the Norway Frederick University.

20

302 DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas. 5me and GmeLivrs. From the Ex-
ecutors of Dr. Wilson.
Olaf den Helliges Saga ved Snorre Sturlasson. Cbristiania, 1853. From the

Norway Frederick University.
Orsted, A. S. Compte rendu provisoire de quelques observations sur le Po-

disma Sabinae, &c. From the Author.
Oudemans, A. C. See Hoek.
Packard, A. S. Synopsis of the Bombycidoe of the United States. Part 2.

From the Author.
List of the animals dredged near Caribou Islands, Southern Labrador.

From the Author.
Palaeontologie Franchise, Terrain Cretace, Livs. 14 to 18, Ter. Jur. Liv. 6.

Paris, 1863 — 65. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Perrot & D'Evreux. Bibliotheca Americana, 2 vols. &mo. By Nicolas Perrot

and Pere Yves D'Evreux. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Pfiiiger, E. F. W. Ueber die Eierstocke der Saugethiere und des Menschen.

Leipzig, 1863. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Pitschner, Dr. W. Atlas zum Mont-Blanc. Six Plates. From the Executors of

Dr. Wilson.
Provost, F. Historie Naturelle des Oiseaux d'Europe par Florent Prcvost et C.

L. Lemaire. Paris. From the Library Fund.
Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux exotiques par F. Prevost et C. L. Lemaire.

Paris. From the Library Fund.
Pringsheim, Dr. N. Jahrbucber fiir Wissenschaftliche Botanik. 4er Band.

2es Heft. Leipzig, 1865. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Quetelet, Ad. Resume des Observations sur la Meteorologie et sur la magne-

tisme Terrestres faites a l'Observatoire Royale de Bruxelles, en 1861.

From the Observatory.
Seven astronomical Tracts. From the Author.
Reakirt, T. Descriptions of four new species of Limarodes. From the Author.
Notes upon exotic Lepidoptera, chiefly from the Philippine Islands, with

descriptions of some new species. 1864. From the Author.
Contributions towards a monograph of the genus Crocota. From the

Author.
Observations on some American Pierinse. From the Author.
Reeve, L. Conchologia Iconica, parts 238 to 345. London, 1864. From the

Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Reinhardt, J. Pseudorco crassidens et for den Dansk Fauna nyt Hvaldyr.

Kjobenhavn, 1863. From the Author.
Reinwald, Ch. Catalogue Annuel de la Libraire Frangaise pnur 1858 — 18G4.

From the Executois of Dr. Wilson.
Riehl, Dr. W. H. Ueber den BegrifF der biirgerlichen Gesellschaft. Munchen,

1864. From the Author.

Robiano, Fr. C. Maria de. De Jure Ecclesise in Universitates Studiorum disser-
tatio historico-canoniea. Lovanii, 1864. From the University of Lou-
vain.

Rothroek, T. A synopsis of the North American Gaurineae. From the Author.

Sagra, Ramon de la. Icones Plantarum in Flora Cubana. Parisiis, 1863.
From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.

Salter, J. W. Palaeontology of Niti in the Northern Himalaya. Descriptions by
J. W. Salter and H. F. Blanford. Calcutta, 1865. From Col. R. Stra-

ihey.
Sars, Dr. Sh. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer ved Christiania, 1861. From

the Author.
Sebaufuss, L. W. Monographische Bearbeitung der Sphodrini. Dresden,

1865. From the Author.

Priced Catalogues of Mammals, Shells, Insects, B'rds Nests and Eggs.
From the Author.
Schlegel, H. De Toerako's afgebeeld en beschreven door H. Schlegel. Am-
sterdam, 1860. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 303

Schultze, Max. Die Hyalonemen Bonn, 1860. From the Executors of Dr.

Wilson.
Seudder, S. H. An account of the Discovery of Megalithic Cysts, near Madura,

South India. Boston, 1865. From S. H. Seudder.
On the Devonian Insects of New Brunswick. From the Author,
lievision of the hitherto known species of the genus Chionobas in North

America. From the Author.
Sexe, S. A. Om Sneebraeu Folgefon. Christiania, 1864. From the Author.
Simmony, Fr. Physiognomischer Atlas der Osterreichischen Alpen. Six

Chromo-lithographs with pamphlet of text. Gotha, 1862. From the

Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Sowerby, G. B. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, part 23. London, 1864. From the

late Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.
Descriptions of three new species of shells. From the late Dr. Wilson, on

the usual conditions.
Steenstrup, J. J. S. Om Skjsevheden bos Flynderne og navulig om Vandrjngen

af det ovre Oie fra Blindsiden til Oiesiden tvers igjennem Hovedet, m.

m. Kjobenhavn, 1864. From the Author.
Steindachner, Dr. Z. Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Chromiden Mejicos und Cen-
tral Amerika's. Wien, 1864. From the Author.
Steindachner, M. F. H. Catalogue preliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de

Portugal conserves au museum d'historie naturelle de Lisbonne, 1864.

From the Author.
Stevens, H. Bibliotheca Americana. 12tno. London, 1862. From the Execu-
tors of Dr. Wilson.
Stimpson, Dr. W. Malacozoological Notice, No. 1. On the Fossil Crab of Gay

Head. From the Author.
Stoppani, Antoine. Paleontologie Lombarde. Livrs 28e — 33e, Troisieme Serie

14 — 19. Milan. From the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Sullivant, Wm. S. Icones Muscorum. 8vo. Cambridge, 1864. From the

Author.
Sumichrast, F. Note sur les Mceurs des Quelques Reptiles du Mexique. From

the Author. ,
Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. Thirteen Geological Tracts accompanied

by ten Maps of Sweden. From the Geological Survey of Sweden.
Thomas, Dr. G. H. Die Stellung Venedigs in der Weltgeschichte. Miinchen,

1864.
Trubner's Bibliographical Guide to American Literature. London, 1859. From

the Executors of Dr. Wilson.
Tryon, Geo. W. Synonymy of Strepomatidae. From the Author.
Uriccechea, E. Contribuciones de Colombia a las Ciencias i a las Artas. Ano

Primcro. Bogota, 1860.
Van der Moeren. Dissertatio Theologica de Processione Spiritus Sancti ex

Patre Filioque. 1864. From ttie University of Louvain.
White, D. A. New England Congregationalism. Salem, 18G1. From the

Essex Institute.
Wilson, Dr. Thos. Bellerby, a memoir of. Philadelphia, 1865. From Jacob

Ennis, Esq.
Winchell, Alex. The soils and subsoils of Michigan. Lansing, 1865. From

the Author.

Notes on Selandria Cerasi, Harris as it occurs at Ann Arbor, Mich. From

the Author.
Some indications of a Northward Transportation of Drift Material in the

Lower Peninsula of Michigan. From the Author.
Wolf, Jos. Zoological Sketches. Second series, parts 5 and 6. London, 1863.

From Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions.
Wood, A. Class-book of Botaoy. New York, 1864. From the Library Fund.
Wood, Rev. J. G. The Illustrated Natural Histjry. 3 vols. London, 1863.

From the Library Fund.
Wright, Thos. On the early history of Leeds. From the Literary and Philos.

Soc. of Leeds.

INDEX OF GENERA

1865.

Acanthias 175

Acanthotelsoa 46

Accipenser 274

Acris 84, 194

Acrodytes 194

Acteonema- 73

Actinella 7, 15

Actinocrinus 152, 164

Adimonia 214

Agalychnis 194

Agelastica 205, 210

Alburnus 85

Algansea 70

Alligator 185

Alloprosallocrinus 164

Allorisma 110

Ambloplites 84, 274

Ameiva 197

Amia 85

Aniblystonia 84

Amphibamus 134

Ampbora 17

Auiusiuni 125

Ancistrodon 191

Aiiculosa 34

Angitrema 21

Aaisopoda 46

Angulus 56

Anobium 222, 227, 233

Anolis 195, 197

Anthracerpes 51

Antbrapalajmon 50

Anthus 106

Apeltes 274

Apbredoderus 274

Arcbitectonica 73

Arizona 197

Arremou 1 70

Astarte 57

Asterionella 16

Atropus

Aturia 70,

Ayicula ,. 73,

Aviculopecteu

Axinrea „

Balsna 168, 180,

Balanus

Bela

Belleropbon

Bellinurus

Beluga 198, 273,

Boa

Botbriecbis

Bryttus 83, 85,

Buarremon

Bubalichtbys

Bufo

Calemys

Calliostoma

Campostoma .,

Carcbarodon

Cardiomorpba

Carpiodes

Cassidulus

Catonotus

Catorama

Catostoma 85, 195,

Caudisona 191,

Caulolatilus

Ceanotbus

Centronella

Ceratbicbtbys 85,

Cerotoma

Cbsenobryttus

Chaenomya

Cbalybura

Chasmarbynchus

Chelopus

195

73

125

125

73

273

75

63

130

43

278

197

198

274

170

274

195

186

61

85

184

128

85

75

82

238

197

198

66

181

123

274

205

84

250

38

274

185

INDEX OP GENERA.

305

Chelydra 18?

Cheonda 70

Chersodromus 19*7

Cbirostoma 81

Chlorospingus 171

Chonetes 115

Choropbilus 84, 194

Chrysodomus 64

Chrysomitris 89

Cinosternum 189

Claudius 187

Clcmentia 5G

Clypeaster 74

Cocconeis 16

Cocconema 16

Coclocrinus 273

Coelomera 205, 211

Coelopleurus 74

Ccenoeara 242

Colletonema 16

Comarocystites 143

Coniophanes . 195

Coaocardium 249

Conopoterium 110

Conularia 130, 252

Corvus 274

Corynorhiuus 173

Corythsolus 195, 19?

Orassatella 73

Cristellaria 74

Crotalus 191, 198

Cryptoceras 262

Cryptodon 57

Ctenobium 227, 229

Ctendonta 128

Cyathocrinus 150, 160

Cylichna 58

Cylindrosteus 85

Cymbella 16

Cypricardia 110

Cyprina 73

Cyrtia 275

Cyrtina 275

Cyrtoceras 132

Cystopbora 273

Cytbere 133

Dalrnania 264

Decapoda 50

Delpbinus 199, 274, 281

Dentaluim 59, 131

Denticula 16

Dermatemys 187

Diabtotica 205, 211

Diadopbis 197

Diatoma 16

Dione 73

Diploglossus 195

Discina 112

Discites 260

Discoidea 75

Ditrupa 73

Dorcatoma 242

Dosiniopsis 184

Drillia 62

Drymobius 197

Dryomelictes 194

Ecbiniantbus 75

Ecbinocardium 75

Edniondia 110, 127, 249

Elapochrus 190

Elaps 198

Elasmognathus 183

Ember nagra 170

Endolobus 259

Entoraostraca 43

Epitbemia 16

Equus 94

Ericymba 88

Erisocrinus 149

Ernobius 224

Esox 78, 274

Eubalsena 168

Eulima 63

Eunotia 7, 12, 16

Euomphalus 110

Eupactus 227, 235

Eupbonia 171

Euryccelon 19, 33

Evactinopora 165

Exoglossum 274

Favosites 112

Forbesiocrinus 139

Fundulus 78, 85

Gadus G9

Galeruca 205, 213

Gasterosteus 81, 85

Gastrogyna 205, 210

Geoclemmys 186

Geotriton 195 196

Geotrygon 108

Gerrh'onotus 195, 197

Gila 70, 85

Gilbertsocriuus 166

Globicepbalus 198, 273

Globulus 184

Glomeris 172

Glossolega 134

Gomphoceras 258

Gomphonema 16

Goniatites 133, 154

Goniobasis 19, 22

Griffithides 268

Graculus 5

Grammysia 248

Gryphaea 184

306

INDEX OF GENERA.

Hadrobregruus 227,

Haltica

Haliastus

Harpalus

Hemiaster

Hemidactylium

Hemiptycbus

Heterocrinus

Himantodes

Himatidium 12,

Hippochrenes

Hololepis

Holopea

Hyla 84, 194,

Hylodes

Hylophilus

Hyodon

Hyostoma ,

Hybognathus 85,

Hylella

Hylonomus

Hyper istius

Hyperodon 274,

Hyracodon

Isopoda

Isonema

Ischnochiton.

Io

Ictalurus

231

205

4

98

75

195

239

147

198

16

73

274

251

197

195

37

85

82

274

194

134

84

280

176

46
251
59
19
85

Kennerlia 55

Labrus

LEemanctus 192,

Lagenorhynchus 177,

Lanio

Lasioderma

Lavinia

Leda 58,

Lepeta

Lepidosteus

Lepomis

Leptosolen

Lichas

Lielaphis

Lima

Lironaetus

Limulus

Lio derma

Liophis

Litbasia —

Lithophaga

Litoria

Lucina

Luperus 205,

Lysimachia

77
197
199
171
238

70
128

60

85

83
184
266
197
125
4

43
184
190

22
245
194

57
208
181

Macoma 55

Macrura 50

Macropbora 74

Mactra 73

Malacosoma 205, 206

Mangelia 63

Margarita 61

Mastogloia 17

Mecistops 185

Megaptera 178, 273, 279

Melanura 78, 274

Melozoae 169

Meridiem 16

Mesalia 62

Meseschiza 34

Metoptoma 131

Micristodus 177

Microgadus 69

Micropterus 83

Millita 74

Mimosites 70

Modiolopsis 246

Monodou 198

Monotis 125

Monoxia , 205, 221

Mopalia 59

Mordella 96'

Mordellistena 96

Mortonia 74, 184

Moxostoma 274

Murcbisonia ; 252

Myalina 127

Myiarcbus 38

Myodites 96

Myriapoda 51

Nanemys 186

Nautilus 70, 73, 132, 259

Navicula "7,9,16, 18

Nesera 54

Necturus 84

Nemopbora 74

Nicobium 227, 231

Ninia 195, 197

Nipadites 70

Nitzscbia 16

Notopbtbalmus 84

Nototrema 194

Ocinebra 64

Odontidium 7, 13

Oligaspis 1*73

Oligomerus 227, 228

Oligosoma 195

Onustus ?3

Opbibolus 197

Opisthodelpbys 194

Orbitolites ?4, 184

Orca 198, 273

Ortbis H6, 277

INDEX OF GENERA.

307

Orthoceras 132, 255

Orthosira 16

Ostrea 71, 73, 124, 184

Osteocepbalus 194

Otus 5

Ozogoathus 224, 226

Palaeocauipa 52

Palaeoearis 48

Pandora 55

Panychlora... 39

Pecten, 58, 73, 184

Pentamerus... - 117

Pentremites 165

Perca 82

Percina 82

Percopsis 85

Pernopecten 125

Petalium 227, 234

Pharyngodon 193, 194

Phillipsia 133, 268

Phocjena 178, 198, 274, 2^9

Phoanicothraupis 17 1

Phonipara 169

Phragmoceras 257

Phyllecthris 205, 207

Phyllobrotica 205, 206

Phyllomedusa 194

Pimephales 85

Pinna 73, 120

Pitylus 170

Platanista 204

Platyceras 131

Platycrinus 160

Platygobio 85

Pleurocera 19

Pleurosigma 16

Pleurophorus 246

Pleurotomaria 73, 131, 252

Pliocercus 190, 197

Plistodon 197

Poecilichthys 62, 85

Polioptila 37

Polyborus 2

Polyodon 274

Pomotis 83

Pomoxys 64

Potamocottus 81

Poteriocrinus 152, 155

Porocrinus 145

Priscofusus 73

Producta 112

Proetus 267

Protbeca 241

Protocardia 7!

Psammobia 55

Psephis 5G

Pterinea 124

Ptilinus 223

Ptinodes 227, 230

Ptycbemys 187

Ptychocbilus 70

Pugiunculus 131

Pycnodonta 184

Pyranga 171

Pyrgisonia 169

Pyrgorbyncus 74

Pythina 57

Rana 84, 195, 196

Rhadinea 197

Rbinicbtbys 85, 274

Rbinoeeros 176

Rhinodou 177

Rbynchonella 120

Rissoa 62

Roccus 83

Sanguinolites 127

Scapbirbyncbops 274

Sceloporus 195, 196, 197

Schizostorna 34

Scytopis 194

Sedgwickia 251

Sernicossyphus 77

Semotilus 85, 274

Sanguinolaria , 129

Sanguinolites 251

Serpula 73

Shajuia 54

Siboma 70

Sibon 198

Siredon 197

Sisraondia 74, 75

Sitodrepa 227, 229

Smilisca 194

Solena 184

Spelerpes 195, 196, 197

Sphserocrinus 154, 273

Spha^rodactylus 192

Spilornis 2

Spilotes 195, 197

Spirifer 275

Spirifera 118

Spiriferina 119, 275

Spirigera 117

Spirorbis 73

Sporopbila 169

Stauroneis 12, 16

Staurotypus 188

Steno 204

Stenorhina 197

Stilbius 274

Stizostedium 82, 85

Strepbobasis 22

Streptorhynchus 117

Straparollus 110, 132

Surculi .• 73

308

INDEX OF GENERA.

Surirella 7, 15

Sycotopus 73

Synedra 7, 15

Syntrilasma 277

Syringothyris 275

Tabellaria 16

Tachyphonus 106, 171

Tanagra , 171

Tantilla 197

Tapirus 183

Taxocrinus 133

Tellimya 58

Tellina 56

Tentaculites 254

Tetracyclic 14

Tetradecapoda 46

Thamnophilus 107

Thamnophis 197

Theca 227, 235

Thoropa 194

Thymallus 80

Tigoma 70

Tornatina 58

Trachycephalus 194

Trachydermon 60

Trematocrinus 167

Trichodesma 227, 230

Trigonocephalus 198

Trigonotreta 275

Triloculina 73

Trirhabda. 205, 219

Trisotropts 104

Trochoceras 263

Trochocopus 77

Tropidoclonium 190, 197

Tropidodipsas.. 198

Trutta 80, 85

Trypopitys 227, 234

Unio , 75, 88

Uraaidea 82

Venericardia 71, 73, 184

Venus 57

Vivipara 71

Volutilithes 71, 73, 184

Xestobium 224, 227

Xyletinus 237

Xypbosura 43

Yoldia 73

Zaphrentis Ill

GENERAL INDEX.

Alien, Dr. H., On a new Genus of Ves-
pertilionidas, 138, 173.

Brown, Jos. D., announcement of dea!h
of, 176.

Carpenter, Philip P., Diagnoses Speci-
arum et Varietatum Novarum Mol
luscorum, prope Sinum Pugctiauum
a kennerlio Doctore, nuper decesso,
collectorum, 54.
('arson, Dr. Jos., Observation on Amer

ican Tea, 181.
Cassin, John, Notes on some New and
little known Rapacious Birds, 2 ; An
Examination of the Birds of the Ge-
nus Chrysomitris, in the Museum of
the Academy, 77, 89 ; On some Co-
nirostral Birds from Costa Rica, in
the Collection of the Smithsonian
Institution, 137, 169.
Committees for 1865, 36.
Conrad, T. A., Observations on the
Eocene Lignite formation of tht
United States, 70 ; Catalogue of the
Eocene Annullata, Foraminifera,
Echinodermata and Cirripedia of tht
United States, 73 ; Descriptions of
New Species of Echinidre, 75 ; Ob-
servation on American Fossils, with
Description of two new species, 183.
184.
Cooper, Dr. J. G., On a new Cormo
rant from the Farallone Islands, Cali-
fornia, 5.
Cope, E. D., Partial Catalogue of tht
Cold- blooded Vertebrata of Michi-
' gan, Pt. II ., 76, 78 ; On Amphibamus
Grandiceps, a new Batrachian from
the Coal Measures, 109, 134: Note;-
on a Species of Whale found in tht
River Delaware, 137, 168 ; Notes on
a Species of Hunchback Whale, 176.
178 ; Third Contribution to the Her-
petology of Tropical America, 183.
185 ; A Contribution to a Knowledge

of the Delphinidae, 183, 198 ; Second
Contribution to the History of the
Delphinidae, 273, 278 ; Observations
on a Species of Seal and on Ceta-
ceans, 273 ; Observation on the
Geographical Distribution of some
Fishes, 274.

Correspondence during 1865, 287.

Cuesta, Ferd. de la-, Announcement of
the death of, 77.

Darrach, Dr. Wm., Announcement of

the death of, 77.
Donations to Museum, 290.
Donations to Library, 292.
Dundas, Jas., Announcement of death

of, 109.

Elections during 1865, 286.

Foulke, Wm. Parker, announcement of

the death of, 95.
Frv, J. Reese, Announcement of death

of, 109.

Gill, Theodore, Synopsis of the Genus
Pomoxys, 64 ; On the Genus Caulo-
latilus, 66 ; Notes on several Genera
of Cyprinoids, 69 ; On the Cranial
Characteristics of Gadus Proximus,
69 ; On a New Genus of Serraninae,
95, 104 ; On a New Generic Type of
Sharks, 176, 177 ; On Two Species
of Delphinidas, from California, 176,
177; Communication respecting a
New Generic Type of the Family Ta-
peridse, 183.

Gleon, Mr., Exhibition of Microscopic
Preparations, 183.

Giinther, Dr. A., Remarks on the Gen-
era Semicossyphus and Trochoco-
pus, 1 ; Remarks on Labrus pulcuer
(Ayres), 77.

Hayes, Dr. I. I., Observation on two
skulls of Whales, 274.

310

GENERAL INDEX.

Helmutb, C. A., New species of Mordel-
lidas collected in Illinois, 95,96.

Hepburn, James, Note on Graeulus
Bairdii, the White-patched Cormo-
rant of the Farrallone Islands, Cal.,
6.

Hooker, Sir Wm. J., Announcement of
death of,, 175.

Hopkinson, Dr. Jos., Announcement of
dtath of, 109.

Index of Genera, 304.

Jackson, Dr. R. M. S., Announcement
of the death of, 1.

Lawrence, Geo. N., Descriptions of new
species of Birds of the Families Pa-
nda, Vireonidte, Tyrannidse and
Trochilidae, with a note on Myiarchus
Panamensis, 37 ; Descriptions of four
new species of Birds from the Isth-
mus of Panama, 100.

Lea, Isaac, Descriptions of three new
species of Exotic Uniones, 75; De-
scriptions of eight new species of
Unio of the United States, 76, 88.

Le Conte, Dr. J. L., Notes on the spe-
cies of Myodites Latr. inhabiting the
United States, 95, 96; Notes on the
species of Harpalus inhabiting Amer-
ica, North of Mexico, 95, 98 ; On the
species of Galeruca and allied Gen-
era inhabiting North America, 183,
'204; Prodromus of a Monograph of
the species of the Tribe Anobiinii, of
the Family Ptinidse, inhabiting North
America, 183, 222.

Leidy, Dr. Jos., Observation on the
existence of a boring sponge during
the cretaceous period, 77 ; Remarks
on fossil remains of the Horse, 94 ;
Observations on a Kjokkenmodding
at Cape Henlopen, 95 ; Remarks on
a foetal Acanthias Aviericanus, 175;
Remarks on fossil Rhinoceros, 176;
Observation on Cryolite, 181 ; Re-
marks on specimens of Oolitic Phos
phates of Lime and Alumina, 181 ;
On bones and stone implements from
guano deposits in the Island of Or-
chilla, W.I., 181.
Lewis, F. W., Dr., On extreme and
exceptional variations of Diatoms in
some White Mountain localities, &c,
1,7.

Meek, F. B., and A. H. Worthen, No.

tice of some new Types of Organie
Remains, from the Coal Measures of
Illinois, 41 ; Remarks on the Genus
Taxocrinus, (Phillips,) McCoy, 1844 ;
and its relations to Forbesiocrinus,
Koninck and Le Hon, 1854 ; with
descriptions of new species, 109 ;
Descriptions of new species of Crino-
idea, &c, from the Palaeozoic Rocks
of Illinois and some of the adjoining
States, 109, 136, 143, 155; Note on
the Genus Gilbertsocrinus, Phillips,
166 ; Contributions to the Palaeon-
tology of Illinois and other Western
States, 245 ; Observations on micro-
scopic shell structure of Spir ifer Cus-
pidatus, by F. B. Meek, 244, 275.
Moore, Dr. Francis M., Announcement
of the death of, 181.

Officers for 1866, 285.

Price, Rich., Announcement of death
of, 109.

Proceedings, Presentation of the Num-
ber for November and December,

1864, 37.

Rand, Dr. B. H., Resignation as Record-
ing Secretary read, 109.

Report of Recording Secretary, 282.

Report of Curators, 282.

Report of Committee on Conchology,
284.

Smith, Jac. R., Announcement of death

of, 176.
Storer, Dr., Observation on the Young

of Sygnathus, 77.

Tryon, Geo. W., Synopsis of the species
of Strepomatidae, a Fluviatile Mol-
lusca inhabiting North America, 1,
19.

Wilson, Dr. Thos. B., Announcement
of the death of, and resolutions in
reference to that event, 40; Meeting
for the purpose of attending the fu-
neral of, 41.

Winchell, Alex., Descriptions of new
species of Fossils from the Marshall
Group of Michigan, and its supposed
equivalent in other States, 94, 109.

Wood, Dr. H C, New Polyzonidae, 138,
172 ; Election as Recording Secreta-
ry, 183.

Worthen, A. H., see Meek.

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