i el e a : SRR e ae ROR Se ye SO UOR S0r FE Vins) aren stenthtbeh tthe memenupeethghenserh] OPT ot Hd eine. ‘Onretrhet>ehsess ox on, ND Rtg ll pet ele td ” TREN pete elle pon A we ee et hag Shae we > pebehened + PP eykehes C1RKENOLOhmagder tens sehen oe Nee ED LAe rena a owe nh PON apag ee ¥rs ¢ ae a onthe ‘ ; ar bsebealaWipngsbapel 7 NS ee At Ce te Samp dy nore: een —— aoe : ow , v wate . nt nieinn Sanaa ie te * etubatee + ipetean a . OP Pe oS 4 mig ob ge et one, ee piandeicse en f ena ae oi =~ Setieetet spicabaote Wenge ae seni, Saat ahah anager oe ety + 32w pai , Ente ia Se ees : se SIE a CDC i age oR ed oo RSL teeta tema rT aot ee by bpeben = AP MEd oh ee ne ee Pein tit oe a unre “fans : P sreabsesjias Pe catered ae sarees sore rakes be are . : : - ect RWuatnoyns el as fe ml ioee: ‘ mira =e as hit te. spn ROS, r t RE es i * Eh % > . ‘ & MG OY t ss . Yep Se NATURAL SCIENCES \ an aN c \ we aX Z~N\\ ‘ f Pe Naronat, Soumvoas or P PHILADELPHIA. Viws Cex eee sae 0 f 189-186... 187-234... 235-280 281-328 ‘¢ 329-360 Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D.,. Witwer Sronz, A.M., Henry A. Pussry, Sc.D., Wiaiam J. Fox, The President, Joun CapWALapDER, A.M., LL aE shee EDITOR: Epwarp J, Nouan, M.D., Sc.D. EDWARD J. NOLAN, _ Recording PUBLICATION. COMMITTEE: : Epwarp J. Nouan, M.D., Sc.D. oF ie 74. CONTENTS. For Announcements, Reports, etc., see General Index. PAGE Bopinzt, JosrpH Hau. Experimental results in Ischnura and Pr aces Enallagma........... 103 M9 ie _CADWALADER, JouHn. Legal attainments of Doctor Dixon..... 116 CaLvERT, Puttip P. Eruptions of the Costa Rican Volcano : Trazii in 1917-18 73 Pe CarRouu, Mitcuer. The hind-gut, abdominal trachez and = rectal respiration in the larva of Mecistogaster modes- 4 tus from Costa Rica........... 86 : ConkuInN, EpwIn GRANT. In memoriam, Samuel Gibson Dixon, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D... 115 Cutten, ANNA M. Rectal tracheation of Argia putrida.......... 75 : CuLuLEen, ANNA M., JANET P. JAmMreson, MitcuEet CARROLL, 4 and JosepH Hatt Bopine. The rectal tracheation and rectal respiration of the larve of Odonata zygoptera...... 75 Fowier, Henry W. New and little-known fishes from the : Philippine Islands. 2 i A new Characin from Paraguay. 141 In memory of Samuel Gibson Dixon, M.D., LL.D., Se.D............. 115 ae JAMIESON, JANET P. The tracheal supply of the rectum of ae the larve of Argia talamanca from Juan Vifias, Costa | | Rica 81 JORDAN, Davin Starr. Notes on Gistel’s Genera of Fishes..... 335 | New Genera of Fishes 341 Pinspry, Henry A. On the generic position of Sonorella wolcottiana Bartsch 139 Pinspry, Henry A. and James H. Ferriss. Mollusca of the southwestern States—IX. The Santa Catalina, Rin- con, Tortillita and Galiuro Mountains—X. The mountains of the Gila headwaters. Plates ITI-VI1....... 282 Reun, James A. G. On a collection of Orthoptera from the | State of Pard, Brazil (Plates I, IJ)... 144 Royer, B. Franxuin. Dr. Dixon’s work in sanitary science..... 127 STONE, Witmer. Dr. Dixon’s life and services to the Academy 120 Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to - a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel.......cc:ccooocenne 239 VanatTra, E. G. Two new shells from Hayti.... 237 Wave, Bruce. New generic names for Upper Cretaceous Gastropoda... jon dneeee A ade sevnscsaccopesynsbnsin 114 oe ae - ses PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1918. January 15. | Henry SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., in the Chair. Thirty-one persons present. The Publication Committee reported the presentation of papers for publication as follows: “The Meteor Crater of Arizona,’”’ by Beeby Thompson. “Contributions a l’histoire naturelle du fer du Canyon Diablo,” par Stanilas Meunier. “New and little-known fishes from the Philippine Islands,” by Henry W. Fowler. 3 Dr. Harley Stamp made a communication entitled: An Anthro- pological Amateur in Alaska, Siberia, and the Arctic, illustrated by colored lantern slides. (No abstract). The deaths of Caleb Cresson, December 30, 1917, and Joseph P. Remington, January 1, 1918, members, were announced. Andrew J. Carty and Annabella E. Richards, were elected members. The following was ordered to be printed: 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BY HENRY W FOWLER. During the past summer the writer had opportunity to study the _ collection of fishes in the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia, — obtained some years previously from the Philippine Government. Dr. William P. Wilson, the Director of the Commercial Museums, — very kindly offered every assistance in this work and through him a TP series of the duplicates, including the more important species of scientific interest, have been received into the collection of the Acad- emy. Though the specimens are usually without detailed localities, most were probably obtained near Manila. Others were collected and shipped to Manila, so that no localities are here noted other than the ~ islands as a whole. In some instances the native names were also preserved, although many have been lost prior to my examination. The characteristic richness in species of the great East Indian fauna is at once apparent in even a cursory study of such a collection. Twenty-six species are described as new and figured. An imperfectly known rare cardinal-fish is redescribed. Scoliodon walbeehmii (Bleeker). Four small examples, the largest about 305 mm. Mouth little — longer than wide. Teeth entire or nearly so. Upper jaw with short labial fold. Anal fin length little less than its distance from ventrals. Outer pectoral angle nearly a right angle. Mobula eregoodoo-tenkee (Cuvier). Young example with umbilical cord and egg-sac. Tail short, not — half length of disk.. Teeth numerous, little distinct. Cephalic fins curved inward, and front flange folds upward so tips well overlap. Last gill-openings each side wider than interspace. Small dorsal over ventral. Skin smooth. Color uniform pale brown, edges of cephalic fins darker. Eyes slaty. Disk length 254 mm., width much greater. Pisoodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson). Giinther gives coloration uniform, with more or less distinct blackish spot forward on dorsal. Bleeker quotes Richardson that the lateral line is not present and in the latter’s figure it is so indicated. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3 My five examples all show it. Richardson’s figure has a much smaller eye and has no pores behind the eye. Jordan and Richard- son give the chin and throat pale yellow in life, and the pectoral yellowish; in my examples, muzzle and head below dusky or soiled blackish. Pisoodonophis boro (B. Hamilton). Several, with very fine longitudinal wrinkles or grooves, mostly parallel,on pharynx Jordan and Richardson omit this species from their check-list, though Giinther previously recorded an adult from Zebu.! Hemiramphus limbatus Valenciennes. Large series, all small, and with broken beaks. These show: Head 4; to 44; depth 73 to 82; D. 1, 12 or 13; A. 11, 12 or 13; scales 46 to 52 in lateral row to caudal base, and 6 to 9 more on latter; predorsal scales 42 to 47; snout 2$ to 3 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 33 to 43; maxillary 3 to 332; interorbital 33 to 4; rakers 5 to 7+10 to 17, lanceolate, about $ of filaments and latter 2 in eye; length 80 to 118 mm. Probably Oxyporhamphus brevis Seale belongs in Arrhamphus Giinther (type A. sclerolepis Giinther) or the short-billed forms with short pectorals. a Mugil ruthveni sp. nov. Fig. 1. one Head 33; depth 33; D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 8,1; P..1, 14; V. I, 5; scales 30 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base, and 3 more large ones on latter; 11 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 20 predorsal scales; head width 13 its length; head depth 12; snout 34; eye 44; mouth width 32; interorbital 22; first dorsal spine 12; first dorsal ray.14; third anal spine 24; first anal ray 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; pectoral 14; ventral 14. Body elongate, with fusiform contour, compressed, deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth about 1% its length. | Head robust, somewhat constricted below, profiles alike. Snout moderately broad, convex as viewed above, length nearly half its * The American species described by Goode and Bean and referred to Pisoo- donophis is evidently different in its serpent-like head, strong neck-muscles and constriction of the head somewhat as in Derichthys. It may, therefore, stand as a distinct subgenus. . Omochelys subgen. nov. Type Pisoodonophis cruentifer Goode and Bean. Dior from subgenus Pisoodonophis in having the dorsal inserted behind the pectoral. (Quéc, cruel; éyxedvc, eel; with reference to its savage habits.) 4° PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., width. Eye circular, hind edge about half a pupil-diameter before center in head length. Adipose-eyelids well developed, posterior extends over last. third of eye and anterior very narrow. Mouth slightly inferior, corner falls about opposite front nostril. Mandib- ular angle very broad, obtuse, symphysis forming little knob which fits in depression above. Teeth minute, uniserial in upper jaw, obsolete in mandible. Lips rather fleshy, upper jaw width about half of pupil. Inner buccal folds moderately broad, upper little broader. ‘Tongue small, tip free, elongate. Maxillary exposed, not ae quite to eye. Lower preorbital edge straight, with minute denticles. = = Front nostril about last 2 in snout, simple pore with slight cutaneous _ Sa rim. Hind nostril short vertical slit, little nearer front nostril than eye. Interorbital broadly convex. Fig. 1—Mugil ruthveni sp. nov. Gill-opening forward about midway in eye. Rakers about 30+ 46, ae slender, fine, 2% in filaments and latter about equal eye. Pseudo- a branchie about half of gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly con- ss stricted, smooth. Scales large, in even longitudinal series. Head scaly, scales smaller below, and extends well forward on snout though not to its edge. Scaly pointed flap along spinous dorsal base 12 in fin. Short scaly pectoral flap (damaged). Axillary ventral flap 2{ in fin. Broad — scaly flap between ventral bases half of fin. Soft dorsal and anal scaly over basal halves. Caudal largely covered with small scales. Pectoral with small scales basally. Ventral scaly. Three scales be- tween dorsal spine tips and soft dorsal origin. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 5 Spinous dorsal inserted about midway between front of eye and caudal base, first spine longest and depressed fin 13 to soft dorsal origin. Latter nearly an eye-diameter nearer caudal base than spinous dorsal origin, depressed fin 14 to caudal base. Anal origin nearer caudal base than ventral origin, depressed fin 12 to caudal base. Caudal emarginate behind, 33 in head and trunk, lobes about equal. Pectoral short, broad, 14 to spinous dorsal origin. Ventral inserted about opposite middle in depressed pectoral, 1% to anal. Vent close before anal origin. Color in alcohol dull brownish generally, slightly tinted olivaceous on back. Fins all pale, and hind caudal edge narrowly dusky. Iris pale slaty. Peritoneum blackish. No dark blotch at shoulder or pectoral base. Length 240 mm. Type, No. 47,478, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Only the type known. The « dark hind caudal edge is suggestive of Mugil sundanensis Bleeker,? but that species has 9 branched anal rays, preorbital deeply notched, snout long as eye, etc. (Named for Dr. Alexander G. Ruthven, of the University of Michi- gan, well known among leading herpetologists, who has written on Michigan fishes.) Mugil ogilbyisp. nov. Fig. 2. _Head 34; depth 33; D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 9; P. 1, 14; V. I, 5; scales 28 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base and 4 _more large ones on latter; 10 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 20 predorsal scales; head width 15 its length; head depth 15; snout 3%; eye 45; mouth width 3; interorbital 24; first dorsal spine 14; first dorsal ray 14; third anal spine 23; first anal ray 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; pectoral 13; ventral 14. Body elongate, contour fusiform with lower profile slightly more convex, deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Caudal peduncle com- pressed, least depth 1% its length. Head robust, very slightly constricted below, lower profile slightly more convex and inclined. Snout broad, widely convex as viewed above, length about 2 its width. Eye circular, hind edge anterior to center in head length about diameter of pupil. Adipose-evelids - * Nat. Tijds. Ned. Indie, IV, 1853, p. 265. Benculen-Sumatra. Batavia, ava. Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., III, 1861, p. 425 (copied). 6 “PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF —_[Jan., little developed, posterior extends over last fifth of eye and anterior very narrow. Mouth little inferior, and corner falls opposite front nostril. Mandibular angle very broad, obtuse, symphysis formin little knob which fits in depression above. Teeth very minu uniserial in upper jaw, apparently absent in lower. Lips fleshy, width of upper about + of pupil. Inner buccal folds erately broad, upper little broader. Tongue small, tip free, elo: ee Maxillary exposed, about to eye. Lower preorbital edge slis th; curved, with few very minute obsolete denticles. Front nostril about last 2 in snout, simple pore with slight cutaneous rim. Hind nost short vertical slit, little nearer front nostril than eye. Interorbi broadly convex. 3 : EL ae g LEG << va, “33 ~ —— <= SS —~ Fig. 2—Mugil ogilbyi sp. nov. Gill-opening forward about opposite front pupil edge. Rakers = ‘ about 35+52, slender, fine, 24 in filaments and latter 14 in eye. © Pseudobranchie about 13 in gill-filaments. Isthmus narrow, — constricted, with median groove. a aed Scales large, in even lengthwise series. Head scaly, scales smaller. below, and extend well forward on snout, though not to its edge. — Scaly pointed flap along spinous dorsal base half depressed fin — length. Scaly flap in pectoral axil 4 of fin. Axillary ventral scaly flap 25 in fin. Broad scaly flap between ventral bases 2 in fin. Soft dorsal and anal scaly over basal halves. Caudal largely scaly, fewer scales about pectoral basally. Ventral with many small scales. | Four scales between dorsal spine tips and soft dorsal origin. rhe 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Spinous dorsal inserted midway between hind nostril and caudal base, first spine very slightly longer than second, depressed fin 13 _ to soft dorsal origin. Last slightly nearer caudal base than spinous dorsal. origin, depressed fin 14 to caudal base. Anal origin little nearer caudal base than ventral origin, depressed fin 13 to caudal base. Caudal emarginate behind, about equals head in length, lobes about equal. Pectoral short, broad, 13 to spinous dorsal. - Ventral inserted near last third of depressed pectoral, reaches half way to anal. Vent close before anal origin. Color in alcohol dull brownish generally, upper surface tinged with olivaceous. Pockets of fallen scales exposed with more or less dusky. Traces of darker lengthwise streaks, one to each row of scales along back. Dorsals and caudal tinted with pale dusky, though hind edge of latter not dark. Pectoral brownish and other fins pale. Iris pale slaty. Peritoneum blackish. No dark shoulder spot or at pectoral base. Length 210 mm. : Type, 47,479, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums. of Philadelphia. sete aw Also No. 47,480, paratype, same data. Head 34; depth 32; D. ‘IV-I, 8; A. III, 9, 1; seales 29 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base; 11 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 20 predorsal scales; snout 33 in head; eye 4§; mouth width 33; inter- orbital 24; length 205 mm. This species is closely allied with Mugil alcocki Ogilby,* but differs in the larger head, deeper body, longer snout, etc. Giinther does not give the length of the first dorsal spine, though Ogilby remarks ‘it is noteworthy that neither Cantor or Bleeker have recorded any mullet having the first dorsal spine prolonged, from any part of the _ Malay Peninsyla and Archipelago.” (Named for Mr. J. Douglas Ogilby, the accomplished Australian Ichthyologist of the Queensland Museum.) Mugil philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 3. Head 34; depth 34; D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 8; P. 1, 13; V. I, 5; scales 30 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base and 3 more large ones on latter; 10 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 19 predorsal scales; head width 14 in its length; head depth 13; Ann. Queensland Mus., No. 9, 1908, pp. 21-2. Based on Mugil subviridis Day (non Valenciennes). —Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., III, 1861, p. 423, fig. (head below). Madras. . hea oye EY LAT ANN 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF - [Jan., snout 4; eye 4; mouth width 32; interorbital 22; first dorsal spine 12; first dorsal ray 13; third anal spine 3; first anal ray 17; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; pectoral 13; ventral 12. | - Body elongate, with fusiform contour, compressed, deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth about 1} its length. Head robust, somewhat constricted below, profiles alike. Snout broad, widely convex as viewed above, length about 2 its width. Eye circular, hind edge little anterior to center in head length. Adipose-eyelids well developed, posterior extends over last third of eye and anterior about half so wide. Mouth little inferior, corner — falls very slightly behind front nostril. Mandibular angle very eS ee ; FS ES Mien Ith oY pein a et ae x\ Se S BS A A AA Fig. 3—Mugil philippinus sp. nov. broad, obtuse, symphysis forming little knob which fits in depression above. ‘Teeth very minute, uniserial in upper jaw, and obsolete in mandible. Lips rather fleshy, width. of upper about 2 of pupil. Inner} buccal folds moderately broad, upper little wider. Tongue - small, tip free, elongate. Maxillary exposed, about reaches eye. Lower preorbital edge not notched, with a few obsolete denticles. Front nostril about last third in snout, simple pore with slight cutaneous rim. Hind nostril short vertical slit midway between front nostril and front eye edge. Interorbital broadly convex. Gill-opening forward about opposite hind pupil edge. Rakers about 38+48, slender, fine, 23 in filaments and latter equal eye. Pseudobranchiez about 17 in gill-filaments. Isthmus narrow, with slight depression. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 Scales large, in even longitudinal series. Head scaly, scales smaller below and extend well forward on snout, though not to its edge. Sealy pointed flap along spinous dorsal base about 13 of first spine length. Scaly flap in pectoral axil about 34 in fin. Axillary ventral scaly flap about 22 in fin. Broad scaly flap between ventral bases 2 in fin. Soft dorsal and anal scaly over basal halves. Caudal largely covered with small scales from base, pectoral likewise. Three scales between dorsal spine tips and soft dorsal origin. Spinous dorsal inserted about midway between eye front and caudal base, first spine about as long as second, depressed fin 14 to soft dorsal origin. Last about midway between first dorsal origin and caudal base, depressed fin 12 to caudal base. Anal origin slightly nearer caudal base than ventral origin, depressed fin 13 to caudal base. Caudal emarginate behind, 32 in head and trunk, lower lobe slightly longer. Pectoral short, broad, 14 to spinous dorsal. Ven- tral inserted about opposite last fourth of depressed pectoral, 14 to anal. Vent close before anal origin. Color in alcohol dull brownish generally, back and upper surfaces with dull olive shades, belly and below paler. Dorsals and caudal tinted with pale dusky. Iris pale slaty. Fins whitish. Peritoneum blackish. ° Length 237 mm. Type, No. 47,481, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also No. 47,482, paratype, same data. Head 34; depth 3%; D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 8; scales 30 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base; 11 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 19 predorsal scales; snout 34 in head; eye 44; mouth width 34; inter- orbital 22; length 254 mm. This example figure 3. Differs from M. ogilbyi in the fewer (3) scales after depressed spinous dorsal, slightly larger body scales and first dorsal spine not longer than the second. Mugil lepidopterus sp. nov. Fig. 4. Head 4; depth 32; D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 9; P. 1, 12; V. 1, 5; scales 30 in lateral series from gill-opening above to caudal base and 3 more large ones on latter; 10 scales between second dorsal and anal origins; 20 predorsal scales; head width 1? its length; head depth 12; snout 34; eye 4; mouth width 3; interorbital 2¢; first dorsal spine 12; first dorsal ray 13; third anal spine 23; first anal ray 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 2; pectoral 13; ventral 1}. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF | [Jan., Body moderately elongate, contour fusiform, compressed, deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth 4 its length. ee Head moderately robust, somewhat constricted below, profiles alike. Snout broad, convex as viewed above, length nearly half its width. Eye nearly impinging on upper profile, little advanced before center in head length. Adipose-eyelids well developed, posterior — extends over last third of eye and anterior very narrow. Mouth © slightly inferior, and corner falls about opposite front nostril. Man- = dibular angle very broad, obtuse, symphysis forming little knob == fitting in depression above. Teeth very minute, feeble and uniserial - in upper jaw, apparently absent in lower jaw. Lips little fleshy, Fig. 4—Mugil lepidopterus sp. nov. upper jaw width about half of pupil. Inner buccal folds rather narrow. Tongue small, tip free, elongate. Maxillary exposed, reaches eye. Lower preorbital edge slightly convex and finely denticulate. Front nostril about last 2? in snout, simple pore with slight cutaneous rim. Hind nostril short vertical slit, over and little nearer front nostril than eye. Interorbital broadly and slightly — convex, depressed medially. : Gill-opening forward nearly opposite front pupil rim. Rakers about 30+-48, slender or finely lanceolate, 3 in filaments and latter about equal eye. Pseudobranchize about half of gill-filaments. . Isthmus narrowly constricted, with median groove forward. Scales large, in even longitudinal series, mostly uniform. Head scaly, smaller scales below, extend forward on snout though not 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 11 quite to its edge. Scaly pointed flap along spinous dorsal base 14 in-fin. Short scaly axillary pectoral flap 4 in fin. Axillary scaly ventral flap 23 in fin. Broad scaly flap between ventral bases (damaged). Soft dorsal, anal and caudal all densely scaled,. only hind edge of last naked. Pectoral and ventral largely scaly over basal portions. Three scales between dorsal spine tips and soft dorsal origin. | | Spinous dorsal midway between snout tip and caudal base, first and second spines subequal, fin 13 to soft dorsal origin. Latter nearly midway between spinous dorsal origin and caudal base, depressed fin 13 to caudal base. Anal origin much nearer caudal base than ventral origin, depressed fin 12 to caudal base. Caudal well emarginate behind, about long as head, lobes about equal. _ Pectoral short, broad, 13 to spinous dorsal origin. Ventral inserted about opposite last fourth in pectoral, extends slightly over half way to anal. Vent a scale width before anal. Color in alcohol faded, dull, uniform brown, slightly olive above. -Dorsals slightly dusky’ above, and same tint very slight along hind caudal edge. Iris dull slaty. Peritoneum black. No dark blotch at shoulder or pectoral base. Length 206 mm. Type, No. 47,483, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. This species is allied with Mugil dussumieri Valenciennes* in its densely scaled soft dorsal and anal fins. As described by Day® M. dussumiert would differ in the bent and emarginate preorbital, spinous dorsal origin midway between front eye edge and caudal base, and first spine longest and strongest. Day’s fish is also slightly more slender than my example. (Aeris, scale; ztepdy, fin; with reference to the scaly rayed vertical fins.) Corythroichthys matterni sp. nov. Fig. 5. Head 33 to vent; depth 74; D. 25; A. 2; P. 15; C. 6; rings 15+39; snout 2§ in head; eye 54; pectoral 54; caudal 14 in snout; inter- orbital 23 in eye. Body very long, trunk well compressed and deepest midway in its length, and combined with head 1,2, in long slender tapering tail. Upper keel each side on back not extending beyond last fourth of 4 Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 1836, p. 109. Bombay, Coromandel. 5 Fishes of India, II, 1876, p. 352 (non Pl. 74, fig. 4). 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., dorsal. This replaced by similar parallel keel beginning little below opposite dorsal origin and continued to end of tail. Median lateral keel from pectoral axil, slopes down behind close to lower body keel, and ends opposite beginning of hind section of upper keel along back. Median keel on belly complete from breast to vent. Lower keel along each side of body from head to caudal base, and not interrupted. Head short, compressed, and upper profile ¢ concave. Snout little longer than postocular region, profile concave. Eye circular, rather small, supraorbital keel moderate. Mouth terminally superior, small. Maxillary short, about half of eye. Interorbital concave. Opercle with well-developed horizontal keel, and fine striz radiate above and below. Slight median keel on snout above occiput, and L then continued back obsoletely to dorsal, each one being broken at segment junctures. Gill-opening small superior oblique slit about its own length above pectoral origin, 15 in eye. MMM sep SE ee ee ew eR 20 mam. Fig. 5.—Corythroichthys matterni sp. nov. Rings all firm, and keels without spines. Each ring with numerous transverse striz. Dorsal origin slightly behind vent and beginning of second section of upper lateral keel, and extends over 6 abdominal rings. Anal very small, about long as pupil, insertion near last third of ring before dorsal origin. Caudal small, oblong, median rays longest. Pectoral broad basally, long as eye. Color faded dull brownish in alcohol, ground-color uniform, speckled and finely dotted minutely and irregularly with deeper or — darker brown to burnt umber. Side of head with brownish dots and bars, especially on opercle below. Eye crossed by several deep brown radiating bars. Broad deep brown streak from eye along side of snout. From behind each eye obliquely down below deep brown bar, but not united on lower surface of head. Fins all plain and unmarked. Iris pale slaty. Length 138 mm. Type, No. 47,484, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. ep Sao ON tae Ee Ri oe ar dee ae ee Si rw Pe ceil ip ee al anni nea pie Le pe Se hee Seale mene | in aT ee) Pn i: tap os s en 2 See, NG ee ey SN ee ene eS AY oe Bee ee ae Oe, Ieee bai as Mie ie ae a ee ai Na ke inci b : eae oP ot ee ) kL tes is tate a ee Se nl 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 _ This species differs from the preceding chiefly in its greatly elon- gated tail and shorter snout. Of the various synonyms located with C. spicifer some approach the present species. Perhaps Syngnathus biserialis Kaup® is closer, it having D. 26 or 27, rings 16+46 and a much shorter tail. The Indian Microphis tenuis Blyth’ is equally with _ long tail as my example, snout half the head, D. 24? and rings 16+36. (For Mr. Edwin 8. Mattern of Allentown, Pa., who collected many local fishes for the Academy.) Doryichthys philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 6. Head 3+/; to vent; depth 144; D. 40; A. 5; P. 21; C. 5; rings 21424; snout 12 in head; eye 84; pectoral 8}; caudal 53; interorbital 1% in eye. Body very long, especially greatly elongated trunk which broad as deep, and deepest midway in its length, tail 12 in combined head and trunk. Tail tapers moderately, and not especially slender at caudal base. Upper keel along each side of back to about last Fig. 6—Doryichthys philippinus sp. nov. fifth of dorsal. This replaced by similar parallel keel beginning little below about opposite dorsal origin and continued to end of tail. Median lateral keel from pectoral axil, slopes down to lower body edge extent of first three keels along dorsal base and continuous then to caudal base. Median keel on belly complete from breast to vent. Lower keel along each side of body from head to vent, when slightly approximate over first two abdominal keels, then give place to lateral keels. Head elongate; well compressed, and profiles largely alike. Snout little over twice length of postocular region, profile sloping up behind. Kye circular, moderate, center at last third in head. Mouth ter- minally superior, small. Maxillary short, about 1? in eye, expansion equals pupil. Interorbital slightly concave. Well-developed median keel along snout edge above and one each side which extend to middle of interorbital. Occiput and first 2 rings with median keel. Opercle with well-developed horizontal keel, and from its front end 4 less distinct keels radiate obliquely down and back. Opercle and side of rostrum with fine flutings, reticulate and variable. 6 Cat. Lophobr. Fish., 1856, p. 33. 7 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1858, p. 272. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Gill-opening small, horizontal, well elevated and little before pectoral origin, about long as pupil. Rings all firm, and keels each minutely serrate, each ending in slight spine at sutures. Surface of each keel with many fine vertical striz. Dorsal origin about opposite vent or about opposite beginning of second section of upper lateral keel, and base extends over 9 abdominal ~ rings. Anal small, length about half of eye, and its insertion on first abdominal ring slightly behind dorsal origin. Caudal small, oblong, median ray longest. Pectoral very broad basally, so its base equals eye-diameter, and length slightly less than its base. : Color in alcohol rather dull brown generally, sides and belly minutely dusted or speckled with dark brownish. Fom side of snout. end to eye deep brown streak, then this as well defined dark brown line over postocular region, on side of back to caudal. Also on sides below this dark line various dusky mottlings, most distinct on trunk rings. Iris pale slaty. Fins largely colorless. Length 173 mm. Type, No. 47,485, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. : : Allied with Microphis pleurostictus Peters, M. caudatus Peters and M. jagorii Peters, all from the Philippines, but differs at once in the much longer snout. Scomberoides tala (Cuvier). Five examples. Eleira Jordan and Seale, based on the present species, does not appear really of generic rank. It is characterized by the diverging front canine each side of the lower jaw tip. My examples show this most pronounced in the young, and the teeth gradually erect and inconspicuous with age. Young also without black apical dorsal blotch. S. moadetta has enlarged front canines, besides the black apical dorsal blotch. SELAR Bleeker. Selar Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Indie, I, 1850, pp. 343, 352; 353. Type Caranx boops Cuvier, first species. Trachurops Gill, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 431. Type Scomber crumenophthalmus Bloch, monotypic. The type of Selar has not been formally designated, so the above may be adopted. Trachurops is thus superseded, as its type species like that of Selar, has a deep cross-furrow at the shoulder-girdle at =] mi S$ - > : a | = ms s 5 a asin” By 2 Tee ~ ieee Sai ee oa 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15 its juncture with the isthmus, also a small fleshy knob above the furrow. | : Jordan and Starks recently contend® the use of Selar for the Caranz kalla, C. ire and C. affinis group. Selar boops (Cuvier). Four adults. Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Several examples. Leiognathus philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 7. Head 3; depth 23; D. III, 16; A. III, 14; P. m, 15; V. I, 5; tubes 55 in lateral line to caudal base; about 13 scales in vertical series between spinous dorsal origin and lateral line; about 20? scales in a Fig. 7.—Leiognathus philippinus sp. nov. vertical series between spinous anal origin and lateral line; head width 1% its length; head depth at occiput 1; second dorsal spine 12; first dorsal ray 3; second anal spine 1%; first anal ray 2%; upper caudal lobe 12; pectoral 14; ventral 2; snout 34; eye 22; maxillary 22; interorbital 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 44. 8 Ann. Carnegie Mus., XI, 1917, p. 4438. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF. [Jan., Body rather elongate, compressed, deepest near middle or origin of spinous anal, and upper profile little more convex anteriorly than lower. Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth 12 its length. ~ Head rather deep, compressed, profiles similarly inclined. Snout obtuse, convex over surface, protrudes little beyond lower jaw, long - as wide. Eye large, close to upper profile, hind pupil edge midway in head length. Mouth small, with short gape horizontal about half way to eye. Lips thin, narrow. Profile of mandible slightly concave to articulation below, which about opposite front pupil edge. Mouth protractile downward. Teeth fine, small, weak, uniform, brush-like, single row in each jaw. No teeth on mouth roof or tongue. Inner buccal folds rather narrow. Tongue thick fleshy, not distinct. Maxillary hangs down from preorbital about 3 eye-diameter below eye, its expansion 3 in eye. Nostrils together, close before eye about level with upper pupil edge. Interorbital concave. Two short sharp-pointed spines above nostrils. Supra- ocular ridge finely serrated. Lower preopercle edge well serrated, and serre largest behind, hind edge entire. Supraocular spine almost meets that of predorsal process. | Gill-opening extends forward about opposite hind pupil edge. Rakers 6+19, lanceolate, trifle less than filaments, which about 23 in eye. Pseudobranchie little longer than gill-filaments. Shoul- der-girdle edge within gill-opening with 2 firm low processes, upper - trifle above and lower trifle below, pectoral base. Isthmus width 4 in eye, membranes broadly joined. Seales small, narrowly imbricated, caducous, and extend forward | on chest. Well-developed scaly sheaths along bases of spinous dorsal and anal. Soft dorsal and anal with a series of inconspicuous spines each side basally, fin ray between each ana and all directed — evenly backward. Axillary scaly ventral flap ? length of spine. Caudal base scaly. Abdomen narrowly contol: lower face of preanal spine with median groove, spine to vent or midway in space between ventral and anal origins. Short median groove on process | of chest. Two small keels extend forward from ventral bases, converge slightly in front. Lateral line convex most its course, reaches caudal base, though with scale interrupted here and there behind. Pores in lateral line simple, each well i and form nearly continuous series. Spinous dorsal inserted slightly behind pectoral origin, second spine longest, and others graduated down behind to uniformly low soft dorsal. Spinous anal inserted trifle nearer caudal base than 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17 snout tip, first spine about 3 in second, and third about #. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal well forked, pointed lobes about equal. Pectoral pointed, reaches soft anal origin. Ventral inserted below pectoral origin, fin # to anal and spine ¢ of fin. Front basal edges of third dorsal and anal spines finely serrated. Color in alcohol largely pale brownish. Pale diffuse streak from shoulder to caudal base. Below this and on sides of head many dusky dots, crowded at first but becoming sparse below. Along back, close to dorsal base, dusky line. Along anal basally dusky blotch between each basal spine. Near hind opercle edge blackish short line above and another below. Also shorter bar or blotch above pectoral base and another below, axil with dark brown dots. Opercle shaded dusky, also inside of gill-opening. Chest and cheek with dusky dots like on trunk below. Side of snout dusky-brown. Iris slaty-gray. Black blotch on outer portions of second to fifth spinous dorsal membranes. Length 65 mm. _ Type, No. 47,486, A. N.S. P. _ Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also Nos. 47,487 to 47,490, same data, paratypes. These show: Head 3% to 34; depth 23; D. VIII, 16; A. III, 13 or 14; snout 32 to 34 in head; eye 2g to 3; maxillary 2} to 22; interorbital 22 to 34; length 63 to 68 mm. Easily distinguished from L. splendens by its colors. Falls within Eubleekeria. AURIGEQUULA subgen. nov. Type Clupea fasciata Lacépéde. Breast and lower part of belly naked. Lateral line complete. Second dorsal spine twice or more length of third, conspicuously produced. Second anal spine also elongate. Characterized chiefly by its elongated second dorsal and anal spines. (Auriga, coachman; Equula an old name for Leiognathus; with reference to the long whip-like dorsal and anal spines.) Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacépéde). One example. _ Amia melas sp. nov. Fig. 8. Head 23; depth 23; D. VII-I, 9; A. II, 8; P. 1, 12; V. I, 5; scales about 21? (according to pockets) in median lateral series from - 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., shoulder to caudal base and possibly 4 more on latter; apparently 2 ? scales above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin and 6? in vertical series below to spinous anal origin; 3 predorsal scales; head width 2% in its length; head depth at occiput 14; mandible 1%; fourth dorsal spine 2; second anal spine 2; second dorsal ray 13; fourth anal ray 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; caudal 13; pectoral 12; ventral 13; snout 33 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 23; maxillary 1; interorbital 33. Ph, Body well compressed, deep, back moderately elevated, deepes at spinous dorsal origin, slight median predorsal keel and other Fig. 8.—Amia melas sp. nov. edges rounded convexly. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth about 14 its length. Head large, deep, well compressed, flattened sides nearly evenly sloping above and below, and upper profile little more steep than lower. Snout short, surface convex, though profile little concave, and length 2? its width. Eye very large, rounded, impinging on upper profile slightly, and center in head length near hind pupil edge. Mouth large, oblique, and closed lower jaw slightly protruding. Maxillary large, oblique, entirely along upper edge slipping below narrow preorbital, and reaches to pupil center. Terminal maxillary expansion 2} in eye, hind edge little emarginate. Preorbital width a ee oe ee ie > gs 4 “Ny es . 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 19 about 4 in eye. Lips little developed, narrow, firm. Teeth fine, even, short, in moderately wide bands in jaws. Narrow band of similar teeth over vomer to each palatine. ‘Tongue free, depressed, smooth, rounded in front. Front nostril simple pore nearly midway in snout length and hind nostril little larger, close before front eye edge. Interorbital with slight furrow each side in front, slightly convex behind. Preopercle ridge entire, and hind edge minutely serrate. Opercle with 2 small spines along hind edge. Gill-opening extends forward about opposite front pupil edge, Rakers tv, 1+10, tv, lanceolate, slender, twice length of filaments or 2 in eye. Pseudobranchiz long as gill-filaments. Isthmus long, constricted forwards, and with deep trenchant keel over greater portion anteriorly. Scales large, at present mostly fallen, finely ctenoid, and apparently in lengthwise rows. Head scaly, and evidently 2 rows of. large scales on cheek. Occiput with number of mucous channels. Appar- ently scaly flap between ventral bases. At present no axillary ventral scale. Caudal base scaly, otherwise fins naked. Lateral line apparently complete, and largely concurrent with dorsal profile. Tubes? Suprascapula entire. , | Spinous dorsal inserted about opposite pectoral origin, fourth spine longest though little longer than third or fifth, second and sixth subequal, and first much shorter than seventh. Soft dorsal inserted about midway between eye centre and caudal base, second ray highest, and depressed fin 1% to caudal base. Spinous anal inserted opposite soft dorsal origin, first spine about 5 in second. Soft anal like soft dorsal, though much lower, 11 to caudal base. Caudal (damaged) apparently rounded. Pectoral moderate, reaches about opposite last basal fourth of soft dorsal. Ventral origin slightly before pectoral origin, fin reaches soft anal origin and ventral spine but little short of spinous anal origin. Vent about opposite jast seventh of depressed ventral spine. Color in alcohol rather dark chocolate-brown generally, pockets of fallen scales deeper brownish. Except pectorals-all fins blackish- brown, very dark and without spots or markings. Pectoral pale brown. Muzzle and mandible slightly paler than rest of head. Iris dull slaty. ) Length 55 mm. Type, No. 47,491, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF |Jan., Allied with Apogon nigricans Day,? but differs in the much lower anal, pectoral with pale base, and apparently without traces of the dark vertical bars. 3 (Myias, black.) Amia sealei sp. nov. Fig. 9. Head 23; depth 2%; D. VII-I, 9; A. II, 8; P. 1, 12; V. I, 5; scales 22 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 2 scales above 1]. to spinous dorsal origin, and 6 in vertical series below to spinc Pa anal origin; 4 predorsal scales; head width 2} in its length; head ~~ depth at occiput 12; snout 44; eye 27; maxillary 23; interorbital 5; third dorsal spine 2¢; second anal spine 3; second dorsal ray 14; Fok: Fig. 9.—Amia sealet sp. nov. first anal ray 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; caudal (damaged) about 12?; pectoral 17; ventral 2. Body well compressed, rather deep, back not elevated, deepest at_ spinous dorsal origin, and edges rounded convexly, though slight median predorsal keel.. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth about 14 its length. Head large, moderately long, compressed, flattened surfaces nearly evenly sloping above and below, upper profile much more inclined than lower, and rather convex. Snout short, surface convex, ° Fishes of India, I, 1875, p. 58, Pl. 16, fig. 3. Madras. 1918.]. _ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21 also profile, length about 2 its width. Eye large, circular, impinging slightly on upper profile, and head center in length midway between hind pupil and hind eye edges. Mouth moderately large, scarcely inclined from horizontal, and closed lower jaw included within upper. Maxillary large, little inclined, nearly straight, and reaches past eye center nearly opposite hind pupil edge. Terminal maxillary expansion 3 in eye, little emarginate behind, and whole upper max- illary edge slips below preorbital. Preorbital rather narrow, width about 4 in eye. Lips rather narrow, fleshy, firm. Teeth fine, even, short, in narrow bands in jaws. Also similar narrow band over vomer to and on each palatine. Tongue free, depressed, smooth, rather rounded in front. Front nostril lateral on snout, slightly nearer snout tip than eye, in short tube. Hind nostril short vertical slit close before front eye edge. Interorbital with slight furrow each side in front, slightly convex behind. Preopercle ridge entire, and hind edge minutely serrate. Opercle with small spine above and smaller one median on hind edge. Gill-opening about opposite front pupil edge. Rakers mu, 3+12, Iv, lanceolate, rather robust, about # of filaments and latter 3 in eye. Pseudobranchie large as filaments. Isthmus long, constricted forward, and with median trenchant keel anteriorly. Scales large, finely ctenoid, above lateral line in rows parallel with its course, and below in horizontal rows. Head scaly, cheek with 2 rows of large scales, though hind row greatly crowded or concealed under front row, and scales on opercles moderate. Suborbitals and upper surface of head with numerous mucous channels. Large scaly flap between ventral bases nearly half length of fin. Axillary ven- tral scale small and inconspicuous. Caudal base covered with small scales, otherwise fins naked. Lateral line complete, largely concurrent with dorsal profile. Tubes simple, extend well over scales, and with appearance as if located on somewhat small obscure accessory scale. | Spinous dorsal inserted about opposite pectoral origin, third spine longest, second and seventh subequally short, though longer than first. Soft dorsal inserted about midway between caudal base and hind eye edge, second ray apparently highest, and depressed fin 13 to caudal base. Spinous anal inserted opposite second dorsal origin, first spine scarcely + of second. Soft anal smaller than soft dorsal, otherwise similar. Depressed anal 12 to caudal base. Caudal very slightly emarginate behind, lobes rounded. Pectoral mod- erate, reaches anal, upper rays longest. Ventral inserted slightly 22 -PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Ce fis page eh pectoral origin, reaches vent or zt to anal. Ventral spine 2 of fin. Color in alcohol pale brownish generally, slightly paler below. Fins all pale or whitish, except brownish shade on and scales at caudal base. Latter also with smal spot, less than half of pupil diameter, just above lat al snout tip narrow blackish-brown line to front of eye evenly from hind eye edge to caudal base medianly, in course, also ends just below black caudal SPvie Above this = on a! caudal peduncle above and behind. Pale brown median line from interorbital and borders dorsal bases, continued medially behind to caudal. Opercle with 2 brownish vertical bars. Iris slaty. Length 66 mm. : 3 Type, No. 47,492, A. N.S. P. 7 es Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums: cr Philadelphia. o Also Nos. 47,493 to 47 499, paratypes, same data. ‘These shoe Head 2? to 23; depth 22 to 24; D. VII-I, 9, 1, A. II, 8; scales 23 to 26 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; snout 32 to it head, measured from upper jaw tip, eye 23 to 3; maxillary 2y'0 ae 4; interorbital 42 to 42; length 63 to 68 mm. oe “This species appears to differ chiefly in its coloration, eapeulnile : the narrow lengthwise dark lines and the small black caudal spot above the lateral line, as in A. exostigma Jordan and Seale. Though very much narrower, the disposition of these lengthwise dark bands — is like those of A. quadrifascatus.Cuvier. | (For Mr. Alvin Seale, in slight recognition of his work in the Philippine fisheries. ) Amia wilsoni sp. nov. Fig. 10. : . Head: 22; depth 24; D. VIII-I, 9, 1; A. II, 8; P. m, 12; A. I, 5; ~ scales 22 in lateral line to caudal base and 3 more on latter; 2 scales _ above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and 6 below to spinous anal origin; x about 4 predorsal scales; head width about half its length; head depth — S 12; snout 4; eye 2%; maxillary 24; interobital 44; third dorsal spine __ 1}; first dorsal ray 12; second anal spine 23; second anal ray 2%; least depth of caudal peduncle 2}; caudal 14; pectoral 13; ventral 13. Body well compressed, rather deep, back not elevated, deepest at spinous dorsal origin, and edges rounded convexly, though slight median predorsal keel. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth about 13 its length. ~ 1918.] _ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 Head large, moderately long, compressed, flattened surfaces nearly evenly sloping above and below, profiles about evenly sloping above and below. Snout short, surface convex, length $ its width. Eye 2 large, circular, impinging slightly on upper profile, -and center in head length about hind pupil edge. Mouth well inclined, moderately large, and closed lower jaw slightly included within upper. Maxil- lary large, well inclined, nearly straight, and reaches eye center. Terminal maxillary expansion 3 in eye, little emarginate behind, and whole upper maxillary edge slips below preorbital. Preorbital rather narrow, width about 4 in eye. Lips rather narrow, fleshy, og és ty \ Cj in IAI m4 6 & % S > Esity ectut ¥ Wieck | Fig. 10.—Amia wilsoni sp. nov. firm. Teeth fine, even, short, in narrow bands in jaws. Also Similar narrow band over vomer to each palatine. Tongue free, depressed, smooth, rather rounded in front. Front nostril lateral on snout, slightly nearer snout tip than eye, in short tube. Hind nostril simple slit at last fourth in snout. Interorbital level. Pre- opercle ridge entire. Hind and lower preopercle edge finely serrated. Opercle with single small spine. Gill-opening about opposite front pupil edge. Rakers rv, 3+12, Iv, lanceolate, longer than filaments or 22 in eye. Pseudobranchie little longer than filaments. Isthmus long, constricted forwards and with median trenchant keel. : Scales large, finely ctenoid, above lateral line in rows parallel with “Sea - 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., its course, and below in horizontal rows. Head scaly, cheek with 2 rows of large scales, and hind row of but several under front row. Opercles with scales of moderate size. Suborbitals, muzzle, pre- opercle and upper surface of head with numerous mucous channels marked by great numbers of minute pores. Large scaly flap between Bs bases nearly ? fin length. Axillary ventral scale about 4 of ventral i spine. Caudal base covered with small scales, otherwise fins naked. — 7 Lateral line complete, largely concurrent with dorsal profile. Tubes _ simple, extend well over scales, and with appearance as if on some- what small accessory scale. Spinous dorsal inserted about opposite pectoral origin, third spine. longest, second little shorter than seventh, and first shortest. Soft dorsal inserted about midway between eye center and caudal base, first ray highest and depressed fin 12 to caudal base. Spinous anal inserted about opposite soft dorsal origin, first spine scarcely + of second. Soft anal little smaller than soft dorsal, otherwise similar. Depressed anal 14 to caudal base. Caudal very slightly emarginate behind, and lobes rounded. Pectoral moderate, reaches nearly to anal, upper rays longest. Ventral inserted well before pectoral origin, reaches beyond vent or about 7 to anal. Ventral spine 13 in fin. Color in alcohol pale brownish generally, slightly paler below. Fins all pale, except dusky shade on spinous dorsal terminally. Upper and lower caudal edges slightly dusky. Conspicuous blackish- brown blotch on caudal base just above lateral line, in size about . ‘ half of pupil. From snout tip narrow blackish-brown line to front oo * of eye, and horizontal from hind eye edge to caudal base medially, also obscure just below caudal spot. On snout and behind eye this line wide as pupil, though on side of body narrows until like other lines. Another parallel narrower line extends from lower eye edge to middle of pectoral base and back towards lower portion of caudal peduncle. On each side of snout above narrow line extends up over interorbital close above lateral line, and fades out behind on upper surface of caudal peduncle. Finally narrow median brownish line begins on interorbital and extends to spinous dorsal, borders base of each dorsal fin and then forms single median line again on post-— : dorsal to caudal. Iris slaty. 4 Length 72 mm. . Type, No. 47,505, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. bt ee aha on . i oo ‘—) * Yee Ban 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25 Greatly resembles the preceding species, but differs at once in, coloration. Besides the presence of the third lateral line below, the larger caudal spot and wider median lateral band anteriorly, there are no dark bars on the opercle. (To Dr. William P. Wilson, of the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity to study the present collection.) : Amia radcliffei sp. nov. Fig. 11. Head 22; depth 24; D. VII-I, 9, 1; A. II, 8, 1; P. 1, 10; V. I, 5; scales 23 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 2 scales between spinous dorsal origin, and lateral line, and 6 scales in vertical Fig. 11.—Amia radcliffet sp. nov. series to spinous anal origin; 4 predorsal scales; head width 2 in its length; head depth at occiput 12; snout 33; eye 33; maxillary 2; interorbital 5; third dorsal spine 2+; first dorsal ray 14; second anal spine 33; second anal ray (damaged) 22; least depth of caudal pedun- cle 23; caudal (damaged) about 14; pectoral 2; ventral 2. Body well compressed, moderately deep, back not elevated, deepest at spinous dorsal origin, and edges rounded convexly, pre- dorsal scarcely with median keel. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth 1% its length. Head large, moderately long, compressed, flattened surfaces slightly swollen below, profiles nearly straight and similarly inclined. Snout moderate, surface convex, length about ? of width. Eye 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF large, circular, next to upper profile, ial head center in length ee at hind eye edge. Mouth large, rather well inclined, and closed lower jaw included within upper. Maxillary large, well inclined, nearly straight and reaches past eye center about to hind pupil edge. Terminal maxillary expansion 2 in eye, slightly emarginate behind, and whole upper maxillary edge slips below preorbital: Latter mod- erate, width 3 in eye. Lips moderate, fleshy, firm. Teeth fine even, short, in moderately wide bands in jaws. Narrow band over ; vomer to and on each palatine. Tongue free, depressed, smooth, rounded in front. Inner buccal folds rather narrow. Front nostril - short inconspicuous tube about midway in snout. Hind nostril moderate pore close before, and nearer eye, than front nostril. Inter- orbital generally depressed, with slight furrow each side. Preopercle ridge entire, hind edge finely serrate. Opercle with single small spine. : Gill-opening forward about opposite hind nostril. Rakers u, ee ~4+412, u, rather robust, lanceolate, nearly long as filaments, which 3 in eye. Pseudobranchie about long as filaments. Isthmus long, constricted forward, and with median keel, especially trenchant forward. ae Scales large, finely ctenoid, above lateral line in rows parallel _ with its course, and below in horizontal rows. Head scaly, cheek with 2 rows, and opercles with moderate scales. Head above and mandible with numerous mucous channels. Large scaly flap between ventral bases about ? length of fin. Axillary ventral scale mod-» erate, rounded. @andal base covered with small scales, fins other- | wise naked. Lateral line complete, largely concurrent with dorsal profile. Tubes simple, extend well over scales, large, and with appearance as if located on small obscure accessory scale. Spinous dorsal inserted slightly behind pectoral origin, or about midway between snout tip and middle of last depressed dorsal ray, all spines slightly curved, third longest, second little longer than seventh, and first very short. Soft dorsal inserted nearly midway between hind eye edge and caudal base, spine 2 of fin, and depressed fin 13 to caudal base. Spinous anal origin about opposite that of soft dorsal, and with soft anal much smaller than soft dorsal, though 5 8 reaches about as far posteriorly. First anal spine about 4 length tae of second. Caudal broad, slightly emarginate behind, and lobes rounded. Pectoral broad, not quite to anal origin. Ventral inserted well before pectoral origin, fin depressed 3 to anal origin, spine about 7 in fin. Vent little nearer depressed ventral tip than anal origin. 7 We ani 5 oh ro 1918.] _ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 Color in alcohol dull brownish, more or less with general dull sooty tint, below well as above. Four obscure dark longitudinal bands, broad at first and narrow behind. First on back above lateral line, then along upper edge of caudal peduncle. Second from shoulder just below lateral line, and crosses latter below hind portion of soft dorsal. Third as band on snout tip, behind eye and crosses opercle back above pectoral to base of lower caudal lobe. Fourth obscurely along lower edge of abdomen. Caudal base with round jet-black spot about size of pupil, slightly above middle. Muzzle sooty-brown. Iris slaty. Fins all pale, outer portion of spinous dorsal brownish, and soft dorsal, anal and caudal all with 3 or 4 rows of small brown spots transversely. Gill-opening edge © below broadly dusted dusky-brown, also lower surfaces of ventrals. Length 90 mm. (caudal damaged). Type, No. 47,500, A. N. 8. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also Nos. 47,501 to 47,504, A. N.S. P., paratypes, same data. They show: Head 22 to 23; depth 27 to 3; D. VII-I, 9, 1, and one VII-I, 10, 1; A. I, 8, 1; scales 22 to 24 in 1.1. to caudal base and 4 or 5 more on latter; snout 32 to 4 in head; eye 3 to 32; maxillary 2; interorbital 5 to 54; length 75 to 90 mm. Allied with Amia hartzfeldi Bleeker,’® but that species is figured by its author with the dark caudal spot median basally, and but one blackish bar sub-basally on soft dorsal and anal, also scales on cheek in 4 rows, and maxillary longer. (For Mr. Louis Radcliffe, of the Bureau of Fisheries at Washington, who:studied the cardinal fishes of the —. ) Amia savayensis (Giinther). A large series of this very vadiable species, 40 to 73 mm. in length. Sixteen agree with Giinther’s figure in most cases, but as they have long been in formaline the color-pattern has largely faded. In some the dark vertical stripes are very narrow, as the dark bands in all are margined each side with a still darker tint, and all the inter- vening color fading leaves them increased from the original eight to twice that number. The broad dark band on the caudal peduncle is present only as a saddle above. Every one of these examples have the oblique dark streak from the lower corner of the eye across the cheek. Upon comparison with eight specimens from Apia, 10 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., VIII, 1876-7, Pl. 69, fig. 2. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF - [Jan., Samoa, all smaller, the dark streak from the eye to the preopercle angle is narrow, not quite so wedge-shaped as in the Manila exam- ples. Also some show the dark saddle on the caudal peduncle simply as a dark blotch above the lateral line. The rest of the series embraces 115 examples; all seem to agree in the dull unicolored caudal. They show underlaid traces of the three vertical broad dark bands of A. bandanensis, but only one on the caudal peduncle distinct, while others give place to about six vertical and rather broad bands in the space between the head and last dorsal ray’s base. bat Apogon savayensis Day may represent a species distinct from the present one, as it is described and figured with the hind caudal edge dusky. It also has three broad dark vertical bands, one from each dorsal and the other a saddle on the caudal peduncle above. It surely approaches more closely Bleeker’s A. bandanensis, which» is figured with a uniform caudal. A. nubilus Garman’ is closer to my larger lot of specimens grouped above under the present species, but differs in the dark bar on the caudal basally, the dark broad vertical underlaid shades on the body below the dorsal fins, and the caudal peduncle blotch complete. Jordan and Seale say it is apparently the young of Ama savayensis with the markings faded. : : Archamia zosterophora (Bleeker). Fig. 12. Head 23; depth 22; D. VI-I, 9, 1; A, II, 15; P. 11, 12; V. I, 5; seales © (pockets) 20 in lateral line to caudal base and 4? more on latter; 3 2 scales (pockets) above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and about 6 below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; 6 predorsal scales; head width 24 its length; head depth 14; mandible 12; third dorsal spine 2%; second dorsal ray 14; second anal spine 23; first branched anal ray 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; upper caudal lobe %; pectoral 13; ventral 23; snout 43 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 24; maxillary 23; interorbital 34. Body well compressed, contour rather elongately ovoid with greatest depth at dorsal origin, and edges all convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth 14 its length. Head deep, well compressed, flattened sides slightly approximated below, and lower profile very much more steep and convex than upper. Snout convex over surface, length about half its width. Eye large, close to upper profile, rounded, and hind edge about 1 Fishes of India, I, 1875, p. 60, Pl. 16, fig. nS 2 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, 1903, p. 230, Pi. 1, fig. 1. Suva, Fiji. a 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 midway in head length. Mouth large, well inclined, mandible slightly protruding in front. Maxillary well inclined, straight, reaches opposite last fourth in pupil, and terminal expansion about + in eye, its hind edge slightly emarginate. Upper maxillary edge slips below preorbital except very short part of hind edge. Teeth | minute, in narrow bands in jaws and apparently absent from mouth roof. Lips narrow, little fleshy. Tongue free, smooth, depressed, rather narrowly triangular. Inner buccal folds narrow. Front nostril small pore about first third in snout, and hind nostril short slit very close to front eye edge. Interorbital nearly level. Sub- Fig. 12.—Archamia zosterophora (Bleeker). orbital width about half of pupil. Preopercle ridge entire, with broad short spine at angle, and hind edge finely denticulate. Opercle without spine. Gill-opening forward opposite front eye edge. Rakers 6+14, lanceolate, twice length of filaments or 2 in eye. Pseudobranchize long as gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly compressed, slightly attenuated forwards, with trenchant edge, especially anteriorly. Scales caducous, large, narrowly imbricated, in longitudinal series, minutely ctenoid. Scales in 2 rows on cheek, and scales on opercles moderate. Axillary ventral scale moderate, broad, pointed, about % length of spine. Caudal base scaly, also anal base. Lateral line complete, concurrent with dorsal profile. Tubes large, trifid, well exposed. Bones of head rather cavernous. Suprascapula edge. jagged. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Spinous dorsal origin little behind that of pectoral, fin low and spines weak, or slender, third longest with second and fourth sub- equal, depressed fin not quite reaching soft dorsal. Latter inserted about midway between eye center and caudal base, spine about half fin length, which depressed extends 2 to caudal base. Anal inserted well before soft dorsal origin or about midway between front eye edge and caudal base, first branched ray longest though second subequal, and when depressed neither reach last dorsal ray _ base. Caudal emarginate, lobes rounded. Pectoral broad, reaches = about first third in anal base. Ventral inserted before pectoral origin, reaches anal, and spine 3 of fin. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol very pale or light brownish generally, scales on back above obscurely and finely dusted with slightly darker brownish. On postocular, cheek and suborbital a number of dull brown dots, some enlarged slightly. Blackish-brown band from snout tip to eye. On shoulder-girdle behind gill-opening, blackish brown streak forward to breast which same color. This also extends back over belly below, rising up obliquely after ventral bases to second dorsal fin as broad dark band, in width about equal to 15 eye-diameters. It is also reflected out on soft dorsal basally, but not the anal. All dark area noted made up of large crowded dark specks, larger and more sparse below.. At caudal base round jet-black spot, median, and less than half of pupil in diameter. Fins, except coloration of soft dorsal and caudal base as noted, all uniform pale or brownish- white. Length 58 mm. Twelve examples from the Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Eleven show: Head 23 to 23; depth 24 to 22; D. VI-I, 9, 1; A. II, 15, 1 or 16, 1, rarely 14, 1; scales 19 or 20 in 1.1. (pockets) to caudal base; snout 4 to 43 in - head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 24 to 3; maxillary 14 to 2%; interorbital 32 to 4; length 53 to 63 mm. I redescribe this species as my material differs somewhat from both the description and figure by Bleeker. This is especially evident in the broad dark band extending forward on the breast, and the black caudal spot not half the pupil diameter. Bleeker’s figure does not show the former before the ventral bases and its forward limit is not mentioned in the description. He shows the caudal spot large as the eye. Weber’s note does not add sufficient detail to help solve this point. 2 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., VII, 1873-6, p. 103. 4 Siboga Exp., Fische, 1913, p. 5: oe Le 2 . — Tie . x" Bi an hy ater | , NS m1 a ee a Ne. nee ‘ak 4 dete et Ht > 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 Epinephelus matterni sp. nov. Fig. 13. Head 23; depth 3; D. XI, 15,1; A. III, 8,1; P. 1, 16, 1; V. I, 5; seales 92 in lateral line to caudal base, and about 6 more on latter; tubes in 1.1. 52 to caudal base and 5 more on latter; 17 scales in vertical series above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin; 11 seales in vertical series between soft dorsal origin and |.1.; about 27 scales in vertical series between spinous anal origin and |.|.; head width 1# its length; head depth at occiput 13; mandible 2; third dorsal spine 22; second branched dorsal ray 24; second anal spine 2; second branched anal ray 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 35; caudal 12; pectoral 14; ventral 2; snout 44 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 5; maxillary 24; interorbital 6. q e732 dee eneeee : sR aa WASS ERE aE 4 DSP Rare Fig. 13.—Epinephelus matterni sp. nov. Body robust, elongate, compressed, profiles rather evenly convex, though upper little more so, contour slightly ovoid with greatest depth about base of fifth dorsal spine. Body edges rounded con- vexly, chest and belly. broadly so. Caudal peduncle compressed, length about 2 its least depth. Head rather large, compressed, greatest width slightly swollen below, profiles similarly inclined and nearly straight. Snout convex over surface, profile obliquely straight, and length about 2 its width. Kye little longer than deep, rounded, close to upper profile and center near first third in head. Mouth oblique, and broad mandible protruding in front. Lips rather broad, thick or fleshy. Maxillary well exposed, reaches about opposite hind pupil edge, and expansion 1Zineye. Bands of rather small fine teeth in jaws, a few canine-like 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., in front of upper and along rami of mandible posteriorly, where also in but 2 rows on each ramus. Latter but little elevated inside mouth. Bands of much smaller teeth across vomer and on each palatine. Buccal folds moderately broad in mouth. Tongue depressed, smooth, free, and attenuated. Nostrils close together on side of snout, also close before front eye edge, front one with short tube and short cutaneous flap behind. Preorbital narrow, 2% in eye. Interorbital slightly convex. Preopercle edge slightly convex behind, finely serrated and with about 5 enlarged denticles around | corner. Opercular spines 3, median largest, closer to lower and little posterior. Gill-opening extending forward opposite front eye edge, and uppermost edge but slightly inclined from horizontal. Rakers Iv, 3+9, Iv, lanceolate, and longest about equal gill-filaments or 21 in eye. Pseudobranchie about 2 of gill-filaments. Isthmus broad, bevelled in front, with slight keel behind. Seales all finely ctenoid, largest on trunk, smaller along body edges, especially predorsal, breast and belly. Very small scales on head above, with crowded smaller ones basally, these also extend over postocular and suborbital regions, and cheek. Small scales also crowded about upper part of opercular flap. Very small scales: over mandible, and about 10 rows on maxillary. Scales on trunk in more or less horizontal rows, crossing lateral line. Minute scales over basal portions of all fins more or less. Pectoral axil with pit, sheathed above by broad flap covered with small scales. Though of irregular size scales on cheek in about 25 rows from eye to lower preopercle angle. Lateral line of simple inclined tubes little exposed, and its course nearly concurrent with dorsal profile, out on caudal base medianly. Spinous dorsal inserted little nearer snout tip than origin of soft dorsal, spines graduated down from third which longest, edge deeply notched with cutaneous point behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal inserted midway between spinous dorsal origin and caudal base, fin oblong, rounded in front and behind. Spinous anal inserted little nearer ventral origin than caudal base, second spine longest, third but little shorter, and first # of second. Soft anal rounded, also caudal. Pectoral broad, reaches about 2 to anal, and median rays longest. Ventral inserted close behind pectoral base, depressed fin reaching 2 to anal, and spine about 3 fin length. Vent at first third in space between depressed ventral tips and anal origin. Color in aleohol brownish generally, only paler or much lighter Boar” X ay ; ae aan 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. BB) on extreme lower surface of head, breast and belly. About 5 indis- tinct deep brown obscure slightly inclined band-like saddles on back, first. at predorsal, second on spinous dorsal medially, third just before soft dorsal, fourth at front median region of soft dorsal, and fifth at hind portion of soft dorsal. Whole trunk and head with slightly inclined dark streaks, irregularly and obscurely, slightly wavy, and quite numerous, but not parallel with rows of scales. Also ground- color with many pale blotches, spots or streaks, underlaid and . obscure. Head more with speckled or spotted appearance than trunk. Coloration of latter extends on vertical fins more or less basally. Maxillary with brownish streak on scaly area. Fins all with obscure speckled appearance. Iris slaty-gray. Length 178 mm. Type, No. 47,506, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. This species is allied with EH. bontoides (Bleeker), E. megachir (Richardson), EL. diacanthus (Valenciennes) and E. maculatus (Bloch) in its biserial mandibular teeth. It most closely approaches LE. bontoides in its equidistant opercular spines and mostly ciliated scales. These characters also agree with EH. megachir, but that species has the pectoral long asits head. From E. bontoides it differs at once from any material or accounts I have seen, in color. This has been described as brown above with more or less numerous black dots, which may not be present on the fins. RHOMBOPLITOIDES gen. nov. Type Rhomboplitoides megalops sp. nov. This genus of Lutianide resembles the American Rhombloplites in its scaly soft dorsal and anal fins, but differs in squamation, as the scales above the lateral line in oblique rows and those below in horizontal rows. It falls within the Lutianine in its entire inter- orbital and dentition. (Rhomboplites; Bull. Bur. Fisher., XXV, 1906 (1907), p. 21. 16 Fishes of India, I, 1875, p. 71. ° 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 37 along body edges and caudal base. Few small scales on soft dorsal and anal basally, also pectoral. Cheek with 5 rows of scales. Ll. concurrent with back and body scales in nearly parallel rows. ‘Tubes small, simple, greatly exposed. Fourth dorsal spine 1% in head, fin edge deeply notched. Soft dorsal small, well back, first ray 24 in head. Second anal spine usually longest, 2 in head, though third often subequal. Caudal very slightly emarginate behind, 14 in head. Pectoral rounded, 1# in head. Ventral 12 in head, spine 13 in fin. Color in alcohol pale olive brownish above, each row of scales with slightly darker line. Spinous dorsal edge dusky, also soft dorsal, anal and caudal tinted with dusky, other fins pale. Iris pale slaty. Length 116 to 140 mm. Philippine Islands. A very large series of individuals in the present collection, and they cover the discrepancies found in the accounts listed above. Kner’s figure of D. plumbea does not show any small scales on the soft dorsal and anal bases. Bleeker has separated 7. kneri, as Kner gives more numerous scales, and more pointed elevated dorsal and anal, etc. Jordan and Seale entirely overlook!” Bleeker’s reference and list 7’. knert as “T. argenteus Kner,” and as the locality Kan- davu is in heavy-faced type, they may have thought it distinct from T. argenteus Cuvier, under which they place it. Upeneoides philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 15. Head 32; depth 32; D. VIII-I, 8,1; A. I, 6, 1; P. m, 14; V. I, 5; scales 35 in lateral line to caudal base, and 4 more on latter; 3 scales above I.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and 7 below to spinous anal origin; _ 16 predorsal scales; head width 12 its length; head depth at occiput 14; snout 24; eye 42; maxillary 22; interorbital 34; second dorsal spine 14; first branched dorsal ray 24; anal spine 3; first branched anal ray 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 22; pectoral 14; ventral 13. Body elongately ovate, deepest at spinous dorsal origin, edges all broadly convex. Caudal peduncle well compressed, least depth about 1 in its length. Head well compressed, flattened sides slightly converge below, profiles convex and upper more inclined. Snout convex in profile and over surface, nearly long as broad. Eye moderate, rounded, close to upper profile, and hind pupil edge about midway in head length. Mouth moderate, little inclined from horizontal, and lower jaw slightly included in upper. Maxillary reaches about opposite front pupil edge, expansion 14 in eye. Lips rather narrow, fleshy, 17 Bull. Bur. Fisher., 1905 (1906), p. 266. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Teeth granular, in about 3 irregular rows in each jaw. Patch of granular teeth on vomer and each palatine. Inner buccal folds narrow. ‘Tongue fleshy, thick, not free. Mandible shallow, rami not elevated inside mouth. Barbels short, and scarcely extend beyond hind eye edge. Nostrils greatly distant, front one simple pore about last 2 in snout, hind one short slit close before eye. Inter- orbital very slightly convex. Preorbital broad, width slightly greater than eye. Preopercle edge entire. Opercle with 2 small concealed spines, close and above. 7 ) Gill-opening forward about opposite hind nostril. Rakers 6+ 10, v1, lanceolate, slender, 13 in filaments, and latter 1% in eye. nes ay neh: OTN ees ay ae - Mere a > Fig. 15.—U peneoides philippinus sp. nov. Pseudobranchie about half length of gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly constricted. Seales uniformly large, finely ctenoid, in lengthwise rows parallel with lateral line. Small scales over most of caudal basally and front of soft dorsal and anal. Head scaly, and 2 rows of scales on cheek to preopercle ridge. Several large scales on exposed maxillary expansion. Pectoral axil with firm adipose scale above. Ventral with free pointed scaly flap 12 in fin. Broad scaly flap between ventral bases 3 fin length. Lateral line concurrent with dorsal — profile, well out on caudal base, tubes well exposed and each with several small branches. Spinous dorsal inserted little nearer front nostril than second dorsal origin, second spine longest with third and fourth subequal, depressed fin ~ to soft dorsal. Last inserted midway between 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39 spinous dorsal origin and caudal base, first branched ray longest with spine 2 its length, and depressed ? to caudal base. Anal origin slightly behind second dorsal, fin similar though smaller. Caudal well forked, sharp pointed lobes about equal. Pectoral small, pointed, reaches 12 to second dorsal origin. Ventral origin close behind pectoral base, though before spinous dorsal origin, reaches 13 to anal. Ventral spine about 2 of fin. Color in alcohol faded largely uniform dull brownish, lower sur- faces scarcely paler. Spinous dorsal pale, apex broadly jet-black, and median brown horizontal band. Soft dorsal pale with three nearly horizontal dusky bands, uppermost apical and lowermost on hind rays. Caudal whitish, upper lobe crossed by three oblique’ broad dusky-brown bars, and lower lobe with two, but outer very broad and black. Median caudal rays also dusky. All other fins pale brownish. Iris pale slaty. . Length 180 mm. _ Type, No. 47,508, A. N.S. P. . Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also Nos. 47,509 to 47,511, paratypes, same data. These show: Head 34 to 3#; depth 34 to 34; D. VIII-I, 8,1; A. I, 6, 1; scales 35 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 3 scales above 1.1. to dorsal origin,-and 6 or 7 below to anal origin; 14 predorsal scales; snout 2? to 3 in head; eye 34 to 4%; maxillary 21 to 23; interorbital 5 to 4; rakers 7 or 8+13, Iv or 14, Iv; length 120 to 149 mm. Allied, if not identical with Upeneoides vittatus (Forskal), but appar- ently differs in the presence of but two black bars on the lower caudal lobe, the outer quite broad. The oldest synomym of U. vittatus is Mullus band: Shaw, based on Russell’s Badi goolivinda.’ This is doubtless U. vittatus and Russell says ‘‘the length seldom exceeds six inches.” Shaw apparently copies Lacépéde’s crude figure, showing lower caudal lobe likely for the present or a closely allied species. Russell’s figure has three dark lower caudal bars, but obliquely parallel with those of upper lobe! Russell also shows spinous dorsal tip not black, though fin crossed obliquely with three dark bars, and soft dorsal end dark, also fin crossed by two oblique dark bars. Upeneus biteniatus Bennett” is simply diagnosed with two golden bands below lateral line, and dorsal and caudal with - oblique black streaks. 3 18 Gen. Zool., IV, 1803, p. 615, Pl. 89. 19 Fishes of Coromandel, II, 1803, p. 43, Pl. 158 (-60). Vizagapatam. 20 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-1, p. 59. Mauritius. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF | [Jan., Under Upeneoides vittatus later writers, as Ginther,”! Bleeker,” Day” and Sauvage™ mention the lower caudal lobe with three dark oblique bars. Giinther mentions two or three such bars, with adult material about a foot in length. Bleeker’s figure shows greater upper portion of spinous dorsal black, only broad pink lengthwise band below middle. It also has soft dorsal apex black with two yellow lengthwise bands. Its caudal differs from Day’s figure in innermost black bars leaving only narrow pale area, also tips of both lobes black, and bar next black tip on lower lobe twice wide as one nearer caudal base. Day’s figure shows dark bars on lower caudal lobe evenly spaced, of about even width. Sauvage mentions three dark lower caudal bars, but his figure shows all the fins uniform and the body with four dark transverse bands. He includes in his table U. teniopterus with U. vittatus, as a group with eight dorsal rays, though Day, who examined Valenciennes type of the former gives but seven. Compared with Upeneoides arge Jordan and Evermann,”® my ex- amples of the present species differ as the former has pale tipped dorsal and caudal markings different. Jordan and Seale describe as U. vittatus Samoan material?® closely approaching my specimens and refer to it as uete or vete. Two adult examples of U. vittatus — before me from. Tahiti, though in poor condition, still have traces of the fin markings, more as indicated in Bleeker’s figure, and with four dark bars on each caudal lobe. Smith and Seale report U. vittatus?’? from Mindanao 4} to 11 inches long with ‘‘each lobe of | caudal with 5 or 6 oblique dusky bars.”’ (For the Philippine Islands.) Upeneoides belaque sp. nov. Fig. 16. Head 34; depth 33; D. VIII-I, 8, 1; A. I, 6, 1; P.1, 13; V. 1, 5; scales 35 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 3 scales above l.l. to spinous dorsal origin, and 7 below to spinous anal origin; predorsal scales 17; head width 2 in its length; head depth at occiput 1{; snout 2g; eye 4; maxillary 24; interorbital 34; second dorsal spine 14; first branched dorsal ray 14; first branched anal ray 14; *1 Cat. F. Brit. Mus., I, 1859, p. 397. . —Journ. Mus. Godeffroy (F. Siidsee) II, 1873-5, p. 55. Samoa and Tahiti. ” Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., IX, 1877, Pl. 342 (2), fig. 3. *3 Fishes of India, I, 1875, p. 120, Pl. 30, fig. 2. *4 Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Pisc., XVI, 1891, p. 219, Pl. 27, fig. 2. *° Bull. U.S. F. Com., XXII, 1902 (April 11, 1903), p. 187. Honolulu. ** Bull. Bur. Fisher., XXV, 1905 (1906), p. 273. Samoa. *7 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p. 78. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA: 41 anal spine 22; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; upper caudal lobe 1; pectoral 14; ventral 13. Body elongate, compressed, profiles nearly alike and deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth 13 its length. . Head moderately ovate in contour, well compressed, flattened sides scarcely converge above or below, profiles alike and upper little more inclined. Snout convex in profile and over surface, long as broad. Eye moderate, rounded, elevated close to upper profile, and hind pupil edge about midway in head length. Mouth moderate, inclined little from horizontal, and lower jaw slightly included in upper. Maxillary about reaches to pupil center, expansion 14 in Fig. 16.—U peneoides belaque sp. nov. eye. Lips narrow, fleshy. Teeth granular in about 3 irregular rows in each jaw. Patch of granular teeth on vomer and each palatine. Inner buccal folds narrow. Tongue thick, fleshy, adnate. Mandible shallow and rami little elevated inside mouth. Barbels short, reach hind preopercle edge. Nostrils well separated, front one simple pore little nearer eye than snout tip, and hind one short slit close before middle of front eye edge. Interorbital slightly elevated convexly, flattened medially. Preorbital, broad, width nearly equals eye. Preopercle edge entire. Opercle ends behind in 2 small close-set spines above, concealed by scales. Gill-opening forward to front eye edge. Rakers 8+20, lanceolate, 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., slender, 14 in filaments, and latter 13 in eye. Pseudobranchie about 2 of gill-filaments. Isthmus moderately constricted. Scales uniformly large, finely ctenoid, in lengthwise rows parallel - with lateral line. Small scales over most of caudal base and front. of soft dorsal and anal. Head scaly, and 2 rows of scales on cheek to preopercle ridge. Several large scales on exposed maxillary expansion. Pectoral with broad scale above its origin. Ventral with pointed axillary scale very slightly over half of fin length. Broad scaly flap (damaged) between ventral bases. Lateral line concurrent with dorsal profile, well out on caudal base, tubes well exposed as arborescent groupings at each scale base. Spinous dorsal inserted about midway between front eye edge and second dorsal origin, first spine longest with second and third subequal, depressed fin % to second dorsal .origin. Last inserted about midway between spinous dorsal origin and caudal base, first branched ray longest, with spine 2 length of first ray and depressed fin 14 to caudal base. Anal origin slightly behind soft dorsal origin, fin similar. Caudal well forked, sharp pointed lobes about equal. Pectoral small, pointed, reaches about 14 to second dorsal origin. Ventral origin about opposite pectoral origin, reaches 17 to anal. Ventral spine about ¢ of fin. | Color in alcohol faded largely dull uniform brownish, lower sur- faces whitish. Fins all pale, at least ground-color. Spinous dorsal with broad black apex, two dusky horizontal bands, and penultimate membrane dusky. Soft dorsal with upper edge dusky and two pale dusky horizontal bands. Caudal uniform pale brownish, hind edge pale dusky. Iris pale slaty. Length 120 mm. Type, No. 47,512, A. N.S. P. | Philippine Islands. .Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also Nos. 47,513 to 47,517, paratypes, same data. They show: Head 3 to 34; depth 3 to 34; D. VIII-I, 8,1; A. I, 6, 1, rarely I, 7, 1; scales 32 to 35 in 1.1. to caudal base and 3 or 4 more on latter; 3 scales above |.l., and 7 below; 16 or 17 predorsal scales; snout 2% to 3 in head; eye 33 to 4; maxillary 2% to 24; interorbital 34 to 34; rakers 8 or 9 +19 to 22; length 69 to 140 mm. : Allied with Upeneoides sulphureus but when compared with Sumatran material differs in coloration and more numerous gill- rakers. U. sulphureus has but one horizontal dark band on each dorsal besides dark end or border. | 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 (Belaque, the native name of the allied U. sulphureus at San Fabian, P. I.) | Argyrosomus goldmani (Bleeker). Small example and two adults which agree with Bleeker’s figure, especially in length of second anal spine. My examples show latter 24 in head, and jaws about even when closed. Sciaena dussumieri (Valenciennes). Several examples. Contrary to the contention by Jordan and Thompson” that the “substitution of Sciena for Umbrina by Bleeker is not warranted by the rules of the International Zoological Con- gress”? in my opinion the type of a genus must be a species originally included in the genus under its distinct original binomial. As Gill designated S. aquila Cuvier the type of Sciena Cuvier” which evidently was the Cheilodipterus aquila previously described by Lacépéde and therefore definitely indicated a species not recognized by Linnzeus or named in his original account, Gill’s action is invalid. The first actual designation of Sciena cirrhosa Linnzus as the type of Sciena Linnzeus, by Bleeker, correctly argues that Sciena supersede Umbrina, and the designation of Sciena umbra by Jordan and others*! is invalid. Polydactylus plebius (Broussonet). - Three examples. Jordan and Evermann are wrong” in attempting to fix Polynemus paradiseus Linnzeus as the type of Polynemus Linneus, as Gill designates Polynemus quinquarius Linnzeus*® many years before 1883. Polydactylus will therefore remain the correct generic name for the present species. Pomacentrus violescens Bleeker. Four examples, which agree in the squamation and general colora- tion as shown by Bleeker. He gives the pectorals as clear violaceus with their bases commonly with a spot or transverse blackish or dusky streak. P. philippinus Evermann and Seale is very closely allied, if not identical. It is figured with 3 rows of scales on the cheek, the lowest on the preopercle limb. Its teeth are said to be small and uniserial. *8 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX XIX, 1911, p. 246. *9 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 82. 80 Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat. Harlem, XI, 1876, p. 326. a Spee eat Pub. (Genera of Fishes), 1917, p. 13. bry De ke 8% Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 273. Ad PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF © [Jan., Pomacentrus grammorhynchus sp. nov. Fig. 17. Head 32; depth 12; D. XIII, 15, 1; A. II, 15, 1; P. 1, 16, 11; V. I, 5; tubes in upper arch of lateral line 18, and pores in straight section to caudal base 9; 3 scales between spinous dorsal origin and lateral line, and 10 below 1.1. to spinous anal origin; 23 predorsal scales; head width 12 in its length; head depth about 14; snout 3; maxillary 32; interorbital 24; first dorsal spine nearly 4; thirteenth dorsal spine 14; eighth dorsal ray 12; second anal spine 2; sixth anal ray 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 13; ventral spine 1%. Body robust, compressed, contour rather deeply ellipsoid, with Fig. 17.—Pomacentrus grammorhynchus sp. nov. greatest depth well over median region, predorsal slightly trenchant just before dorsal, otherwise edges convex, and profiles alike. Caudal peduncle compressed, length # its least depth. Head robust, moderately compressed, sides moderately convex, upper profile at first convex, then concave at occipital and predorsal bulging distinctly convexly. Snout convex over surface and in profile, length half its width. Eye rounded, little elevated, and hind pupil edge nearly midway in head length. Mouth broad, gape short, oblique, and jaws about even. Lips fleshy, rather oF si 5 1918.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 45 narrow. Maxillary extends slightly beyond nostril, though not nearly to eye, and slips below preorbital. Teeth rather slender, somewhat compressed, pointed, crowded close to form an even cutting-edge in a single row. No teeth on mouth roof or on tongue. Inner buccal folds broad. Tongue thick, fleshy, apparently free in front. Nostril small pore about midway in snout length. Inter- orbital evenly convex. Preorbital broad, width about 1% in eye, ends behind in broad posteriorly directed spine. Lower suborbital and hind preopercle edges serrate, serrse on latter graduated longer below, and lower preopercle edge entire. Opercle with 2 blunt and inconspicuous spines, upper concealed by scales. ; Gill-opening forward about opposite front eye edge. Rakers. 6+13, lanceolate, about half length of filaments and latter 14 in eye. Pseudobranchie long as gill-filaments. Branchiostegal membrane short fold over short and constricted isthmus. Seales finely ctenoid, largest over middle of side’ of trunk and become much smaller all about edges, in lengthwise rows parallel with upper arch of lateral line. All larger scales narrowly imbricated. All fin bases scaly. Short scale between ventral bases about + length of spine. Suprascapula with 3 blunt points. Exposure of humeral scale little larger than pupil. Axillary ventral scale broad, pointed, + length of spine. Cheek with 3 rows of scales. Sub- orbitals, preorbital, snout edge, lips and chin naked. Upper arch of 1.1. extends below front dorsal rays, concurrent with upper limit of squamation on dorsals. ‘Tubes large, simple, and each extending well over scale exposure. Pores in straight section small, incon- spicuous, simple or double irregularly, and not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal origin about opposite that of pectoral, spines all more or less subequally high, edge of fin notched and slight cutaneous flap behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal inserted about last third in space between upper hind preopercle edge and caudal base, fin rounded with median rays longest. Anal inserted about midway between pectoral origin and caudal base, first spine about 4 of second. Soft anal similar to soft dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, upper lobe much larger, 34 in combined head and trunk. Pectoral broad, about long as upper caudal lobe, reaches hind edge of vent and upper rays longest. Ventral inserted close behind pectoral base, reaches anal, and spine slightly over half length of fin. Color in alcohol largely chocolate-brown above and posteriorly, head, breast and belly anteriorly paler or faded in appearance. Iris slaty. Dorsals and anals blackish-brown. Caudal pale brown- 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., ish. Pectoral brownish, with large blackish-brown blotch, nearly large as eye on base mostly above. Ventral blackish-brown, rays and spine pale. Dusky line from snout tip to eye. Length 115 mm. Type, No. 47,518, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Allied with P. melanopterus Bleeker, but differs in the presence of the dark line from the eye to the snout. (l'papp7,, line; pdyzos, snout.) Pomacentrus hebardi sp. nov. Fig. 18. Head 3; depth 2; D. XIII, 14, 1; A. II, 13, 1; P. 1, 15; V. I, 5; tubes 17 in upper arch of lateral line and 8? pores in straight section to caudal base; 3 scales above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin and 9 below in vertical series to anal origin; 20 predorsal scales; head width 1# its length; head depth 1; snout 32; eye 2%; maxillary 34; interorbital 22; last dorsal spine 23; second anal spine 2; eleventh dorsal ray 2?; ninth anal ray 1%; pectoral 13; ventral spine 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; caudal 1. Body well compressed, contour evenly and elongately ellipsoid, deepest medianly, and edges convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, length about 2 its least depth. Head compressed, andecubely large, rather flattened sides evenly converging above and below. Snout rather broad, slightly convex in profile and evenly so over surface, and length # its width. Eye rounded, little elevated, and hind pupil edge nearly midway in head length. Mouth small, short gape oblique, and lower jaw very slightly protruded. Lips moderate, fleshy. Maxillary extends back nearly opposite front eye edge. Teeth small, simple, compressed, rather obtuse and form as crowded in a single series nearly even cutting- edge. No teeth on mouth roof. Tongue pointed, depressed and smooth above, free in front. Inner buccal folds broad. Mandibular rami moderately elevated inside mouth. Nostril simple pore slightly behind middle in snout length. Interorbital slightly convex. Pre- orbital width 24 in eye, with broad flat short spine directed back from hind edge. Suborbital edge with few irregular serre below. Preopercle edge obliquely forward not quite opposite eye center, and 18 irregular serree behind, though graduated larger downwards, and lower edge entire. Opercle with 2 obtuse short spines. Gill-opening forward about opposite last 2 in eye. Rakers 6+13, lanceolate, slightly shorter than filaments, which 2 in eye. Pseudo- 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 branchie a little shorter than gill-filaments. Branchiostegal mem- brane moderately free over short constricted isthmus. Scales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, smaller along body edges, and at fin bases. Vertical fins covered basally with small scales. Suprascapula entire. Cheek with 3 rows of scales and lowest row on preopercle limb. Lips, chin, pre- orbital, suborbitals and snout edge narrowly, naked. Scales on snout above and top of head all small. Upper arch of lateral line Fig. 18.—Pomacentrus hebardi sp. nov. concurrent with limit of general squamation on dorsals, and extends back opposite soft dorsal origin. Tubes simple, large, extend over first half in each scale exposure. Pores in straight section simple, inconspicuous, and not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal origin opposite pectoral origin, spines graduated up to fourth when largely subequal to last, fin edge notched and with: cutaneous flap behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal origin at last third in space between hind eye edge and caudal base, and hind median rays longest, Spinous anal midway between pectoral origin and 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Jan., caudal base, first spine about half length of second. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal moderately emarginate behind. Pectoral long, about reaches anal. Ventral inserted close behind pectoral base, first ray ends in filament reaching second anal spine base. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol largely uniform brownish above, much paler below. Fins all largely pale, though marginal portions of spinous dorsal and anal dusky. Caudal pale to whitish. Very small dusky spot on uppermost scale of opercle. Another dusky spot, similar and about half size of pupil, at uppermost pectoral ray basally and above. Vent dusky. Iris slaty. ! Length 56 mm. Type, No. 47,519, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial. Museums of Philadelphia. | oh Also-Nos. 47,520 to 47,525, paratypes, same data. These show: Head 3 to 32; depth 12 to 2; D. XIII, 13, 1 occasionally XIII, 14,1 or XIII, 15,1; Asa ee Soaaeinies IT, 12, 1 or TI, 13, 1; tubes in] upper arch of 1.1. 17, vary 14, 15 and 16; pores in straight section of 1.1. 8; snout 3§ to 3¢ in head; eye 23 to 23; maxillary 23 to 3; inter- orbital 22 to 34; length 43 to 54 mm. In these examples dusky vent quite characteristic. Similar to Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, but without a pale lengthwise line across anals, as shown in Bleeker’s figure.*! The latter also does not indicate a suborbital spine, which well developed in all of my examples. _ (Named for Mr. Morgan Hebard of Philadelphia, an earnest student of Orthoptera, to whom I am indebted for small collections of fishes.) ; Pomacentrus burroughi sp. nov. Fig. 19. Head 34; depth 2+ D. XIII, 14, 1; A. Il, 15,4; P. am, 16; ¥. 7 oe tubes 13 in upper arch of lateral line, and 10 pores in straight section to caudal base; 3 scales above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and 9 below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; 20 predorsal scales; head width 13 in its length; head depth 1; snout 33; eye 33; maxillary 32; interorbitals 3; last dorsal spine 12; second anal spine 14; fifth dorsal ray 14; eighth anal ray 14; pectoral 1; ventral spine 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 2; caudal about 1. pods well compressed, contour rather deeply ellipsoid with greatest 34 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., IX, 1877, Pl. 3, fig. 3. ee 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49 depth medianly, profiles alike, and edges convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, length about half its least depth. Head compressed, rather small, rather flattened sides evenly converge above and below. Snout broad, convex, length 3 its width. Eye rounded, little elevated, hind pupil edge about midway in head length. Mouth small, short gape slightly oblique, and jaws nearly even or with lower very slightly included. Lips rather narrow, fleshy. Maxillary extends back to eye. Teeth small, simple, compressed, pointed, crowded to form rather even cutting-edge, Py aoa .-*) ee ot Bei ; Soe exe ‘ Var; Fig. 19.—Pomacentrus burroughi sp. nov. and in single series. No teeth on mouth roof. Tongue thick, pointed and free in front, smooth. Inner buccal folds broad. Man- dibular rami rather well elevated inside mouth. Nostril simple pore slightly behind middle in snout length. Interorbital evenly convex. Preorbital width 22 in eye, slips over upper maxillary edge, and with broad backwardly directed spine below at hind edge. Suborbital edge finely serrate below. Preopercle edge slopes forward with 19 serree behind, lower edge entire. Opercle with 2 blunt points. _ Gill-opening forward opposite front pupil edge. Rakers 6+10, 4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., lanceolate, nearly long as filaments and latter half of eye. Pseudo- branchie long as gill-filaments. Branchiostegal membrane narrowly over narrow short constricted isthmus. Scales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, smaller along body edges except breast and caudal peduncle above and below. Vertical fins with at least basal half covered with fine crowded scales. Suprascapula entire.. Cheek with 2. rows of scales. Lips, preorbital, suborbitals, edge of snout narrowly, __ and chin, naked. Upper arch of lateral line concurrent with limit of general squamation on dorsals, and extends back to soft dorsal - origin. Tubes simple, large, and each well over scale exposure, last nearly to edge. Pores in straight section simple, inconspicuous, one in center of each scale exposure, and not on caudal base. : Spinous dorsal origin opposite that of pectoral, spines graduated up to fourth, after which subequally long to last, and fin edge notched, also cutaneous point behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal inserted nearly at last third in space between upper hind preopercle edge and caudal base, fin rounded, with median rays longest. Spinous anal inserted much nearer pectoral origin than caudal base, first spine ~ “nearly 3 of second. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal slightly emarginate, and lobes rounded. Pectoral moderate, not quite reaching anal, though slightly beyond vent. Ventral inserted below — hind pectoral base, reaches anal, first ray with slender filamentous tip, and spine half length of fin. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol uniform chocolate-brown generally, scarcely. paler below. Fins also same general tint, except darker or mostly dusky, pectoral paler, and caudal still more so. Narrow obsolete dark line connects eyes around front of snout, including nostrils in its course. Uppermost opercular scale with conspicuous black blotch, though smaller than pupil. Inner pectoral axil brown, though at base of uppermost ray small black spot, smaller than — spot on opercular scale. Length 70 mm. Type, No. 47,526, A. N.S. P. 3 Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. 3 Also No. 47,527, paratype, same data. Head 3; depth 2; D. XIII, 14; A. II, 14; upper arch of 1.1. with 16 tubes and straight portion of 9 pores to caudal base; snout 33 in head; eye 2%; maxillary 3%; interorbital 34; length 57 mm. Allied with P. tripunctatus Cuvier, but differs in the absence of the 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 51 black ocellus on the back of the tail, which Jordan and Seale state is apparently a distinctive character.2> Bleeker gives six figures, though none exactly agree with my material. : (For Dr. Marmaduke Burrough, 1798?-1844, who obtained fishes at Manila, which found their way to the Academy collection.) Pomacentrus opisthostigma sp. nov. Fig. 20. Head 34; depth 13; D. XIV, 12, 1; A. II, 15, 1; P. m1, 15; V. I, 5; tubes 15 in upper arch of lateral line and 10 pores in straight section to caudal base; 4 scales above |.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and 10 ESN 7 SL) LE Sy, i Sas 7 ay, = SS$TE 4 Ra, SYN es. rRGi : aS SO : SNe Soe. é 1 acy si ><) Fig. 20.—Pomacentrus opisthostigma sp. nov. below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; 22 predorsal scales; head width 14 in its length; head depth 1; snout 34; eye 34; maxillary 3; interorbital 24; last dorsal spine 2 in head; second anal spine 14; sixth dorsal ray 1%; eighth anal ray 12; pectoral 1; ventral spine 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; caudal about 1?, Body well compressed, contour rather deeply ellipsoid with greatest ' depth medianly, profiles largely alike except slightly humped pre- 85 Bull. Bur. Fisher., X XV, 1905 (1906), p. 281. 36 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., [X, 1877, Pl. 7, figs. 1-6. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [Jan., dorsal, and edges convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, length about 3 its least depth. = Head compressed, moderate, rather flattened sides everily con- verging above and below. Snout wide, profile about straight, surface convex, and length # its width. Eye rounded, little elevated, hind pupil edge nearly midway in head length. Mouth small, short gape slightly oblique, and jaws about even. Lips rather narrow, fleshy. Maxillary extends back nearly opposite eye. Teeth small, simple, compressed, but little pointed, crowded to form nearly even cutting-edge in single row. No teeth on mouth roof. Tongue thick, pointed, free in front, smooth. Inner buccal folds broad. Mandibular rami rather well elevated inside mouth. Nostril simple pore slightly behind middle in snout length. Interorbital convex. Preorbital width 2 in eye, slips over most of upper maxillary edge, and. hind edge with 2 short spines directed back. Suborbital edge finely serrate below. Preopercle edge obliquely forward not quite opposite eye center, finely serrate except several broader serre at lower portion, and lower edge entire. Opercle with 2 short blunt points. Gill-opening forward opposite front pupil edge. Rakers 8+15, lanceolate, longest ¢ of filaments, which 14 in eye. Pseudobranchiz long as gill-filaments. Branchiostegal membrane narrowly over short constricted isthmus. Scales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, smaller along body edges and fin bases. Vertical fins finely — and closely scaled over basal portions. Suprascapula entire. Cheek with 3 rows of scales. Lips, chin, preorbital, suborbitals and narrow edge of snout naked. Scales on snout above and top of head all small. Upper arch of lateral line concurrent with limit of general squamation on dorsals, extends back opposite twelfth dorsal spine base, though follow by 3 more pores till below front of soft dorsal.. Tubes simple, large, well exposed or over first half of scale exposure. Pores in straight section simple, inconspicuous, one in center of each scale exposure, and not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal origin opposite that of pectoral, spines graduated up to fourth, after which subequally long to last, and fin edge notched with cutaneous flap from behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal inserted at last third between suprascapula and caudal base, fin rounded, with median rays longest. Spinous anal inserted about midway - between pectoral origin and caudal base, first spine nearly 2 of second. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal a little emarginate 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53 behind. Pectoral moderate, reaches } to anal or about opposite vent. Ventral inserted just behind pectoral base and reaches vent, spine 2 of fin. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol brownish generally, paler on belly and lower surface of head. Dorsals and anals deep brown to dusky. Last longest rays of soft dorsal with large black ocellus, not quite large as eye, on terminal portion of fin. Caudal, pectoral and ventral pale brownish. Pectoral axil pale, though external base with black- ish-brown vertical wedge-shaped mark on upper portion. Upper- most opercular scale with dusky blotch, much smaller than pupil. Tris slaty. Length 65 mm. (caudal tips slightly damaged). Type, No. 47,528, A. N. 8. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. Also Nos. 47,529 and 47,530, paratypes, same data. These show: Head 23 to 34; depth 2; D. XIV, 13 or XIV, 14; A. II, 15; tubes in upper arch of 1.1. 16 and pores in straight section 10 to 12 to caudal base; snout 3 to 34 in head; eye 2 to 3; maxillary 3 to 34; interorbital 3 to 34; length 41 to 61 mm. All show ocellus on soft dorsal well developed, “but preorbital spines very variable, and they may be single or double, even in the same individual. - Apparently unique in its coloration this species is characterized by the large black ocellus behind and terminally on soft dorsal. With the preceding three species this one appears to fall in Bleeker’s subgenus Pseudopomacentrus. COxtobey, rear; otTtypa, spot.) Pomacentrus lividus (Forster). Two small examples which do not show any scales on the lower limb of the preopercle, as in Bleeker’s figure, and only 2 rows occur | on the cheek. Cheiloprion labiatus (Day). Two examples. Weber figures the head from his single example*’ and though his text says the scales on the cheek are in 2} to 3 rows his figure shows 6 or 7. The former numbers are more in agreement with Day’s figure, which is called Pomacentrus labiosus.8 *7 Siboga Exped. Fische, 1913, p. 342, fig. 73. Beo, Karakelomg I. e % Fishes of India, III, 1877, Pl. 81, fig. 2. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Abudefduf antjerius (Cuvier). ; Pee Two, which agree as outlined by Bleeker in his limits of color- variation, with reference to the dorsal ocellus absent or at dorsal base behind and diffusely dusky. Abudefduf philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 21. Head 24; depth 14; D. XIII, 11; A. II, 12; P. 1, 14; V. I, 5; tubes’ in upper part of lateral line 17, and pores in straight section 7; 3 scales above lateral line to spinous dorsal origin and about 8 scales below in vertical row to spinous anal origin; about 14 predorsal rm cy Pr oe : a ly “oh ep Ce mee f Cae : a ee ee a Li ¥. eagenN vad, ’ i YS 7 i : iD i) Seg BIT AZZ Scag ee Ay Go At be ft] fi} ps Wid = Gt, KX. Ae ws PF Fig. 21.—Abudefduf philippinus sp. nov. scales; head width 12 its length; head depth 1; snout 34; eye 2%; maxillary 32; interorbital 22; third dorsal spine 2; thirteenth dorsal spine 2¢; fifth dorsal ray 12?; second anal spine 12; fifth anal ray 17; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; caudal 14; pectoral 14; ventra 15: Body well compressed, contour orbicular, deepest midway in length, predorsal with slight median keel and other edges convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, length 14 in its least depth. e 1918.] ; NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 55 Head moderate, well compressed, evenly constricted above and below, profiles similarly inclined. Snout convex over surface, very slightly so in profile, length 2 its width. Eye large, close to upper profile, and hind pupil edge nearly midway in head length. Mouth well inclined, gape moderate, and jaws about even.’ Maxillary extends back slightly beyond front eye edge, though not quite to that of pupil, upper edge entirely slips below preorbital. Row of moderate, even, rather crowded, compressed: incisors in each jaw, end of each tooth truncate, and whole forms even cutting-edge. No teeth on tongue or mouth roof. Tongue depressed, pointed, free. Inner buccal folds broad. Lips fleshy, moderately wide. Nostril slightly behind middle in snout length. Interorbital convex. Pre- orbital width 31 in eye. Hind preopercle edge slopes well forward, so that angle would fall nearly opposite center of eye, and like lower preorbital and suborbital edges, entire. Gill-opening forward opposite front pupil edge. Rakers 7+16, lanceolate, longest about long as gill-filaments or 3 in eye. Pseudo- branchie slightly longer than gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly constricted, trenchant, branchiostegal membrane moderately broad across. Seales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, smaller along body edges. Fins all scaly basally. Supra- scapula thin, entire, small. Cheek with 4 rows of scales. Opercle with moderate scales, small on interorbital, and still smaller on upper part of snout. Moderate scales on suborbitals and preorbital. Chin, lips, and narrow strip on front of snout naked, though mandible scaly. Scaly ventral flaps damaged. Lateral line with upper branch curving up at first, and then largely concurrent with upper limit of general squamation on dorsal fins, and ends below soft dorsal origin. Tubes simple, large, extend nearly over first half in scale exposure. Pores in horizontal section inconspicuous, small, and one in middle of each scale exposure, not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal inserted opposite pectoral origin, spines rapidly graduated up to third, then subequal, fin edge well notched. Soft dorsal origin nearly at last third between upper hind preopercle edge and caudal base, rays graduated up to sixth and seventh, which form sharp point behind. Spinous anal inserted well before soft dorsal, first spine about 3 in second, or fin origin nearly midway between ventral origin and caudal base. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal (damaged) apparently little emarginate behind. Pectoral reaches anal. Ventral inserted below middle of pectoral base, 56 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., nearly reaches soft anal origin, and spine nearly # fin length. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol largely faded dull brownish generally, eelceak : head above and front of back with traces of darker mottlings. Fins all pale uniform brownish. Iris slaty. Length 41 mm. (caudal tip damaged). Type, No. 47,531, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of - Philadelphia. eR ae No. 47,532, paratype, same data. It shows: Head 22; depth 12; D, XML, 113Ac IT, 12: tubes in upper arch of 1.1. 17 and pores in straight portion 7; snout 3% in head; eye 2; maxillary 3; inter- orbital 22; length 36 mm. Apparently falls within the subgenus Anbbpshahedoas Bleeker, and without much in common with the four East Indian species Bleeker describes. Abudefduf parasema sp. nov. Fig. 22. Head 33; depth 24; D; XIII, 11, 1; A. I, 12, 1; P. U6; Vo ae tubes in upper arch of lateral line 13, followed by oblique row of 4 pores and finally 8 pores in horizontal section to caudal base; 2 scales above 1.1. and spinous dorsal origin, and 9 below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; 15 predorsal scales; head width 1% in its length; head depth at hind eye edge 1; snout 32; eye 22; maxillary 2¢; interorbital 24; fifth dorsal spine 2; third dorsal ray 13; second anal spine 12; third anal ray 134; least depth of caudal peduncle 235; caudal (damaged) 14?; pectoral 14; ventral spine 1. Body well compressed, profiles evenly convex to form even ellipsoid contour, edges rounded, and greatest depth midway in length. Caudal peduncle compressed, length 2 its least depth. Head moderately large, well compressed, flattened sides evenly and slightly constricted above and below, profiles alike. Snout slightly convex in profile, surface also convex, length 3 its width. Kye large, rounded, little elevated, well advanced. Mouth small, jaws about even. Maxillary small, reaches very slightly beyond front eye edge. Lips thin, narrow. Teeth small, uniserial, ends truncate. Inner buccal folds narrow. Tongue pointed, free, depressed. Nostril at last third in snout, simple pore with slight cutaneous rim. Interorbital convex. Preorbital width: about 3 in eye, deeply notched but entire along edge. Preopercle edge entire and slopes forward about opposite hind eye edge. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 57 Gill-opening forward about opposite front pupil edge. Rakers 4+16, lanceolate, slender, about long as filaments or 235 in eye. Pseudobranchie about long as gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly constricted, short. Scales ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, little smaller along body rows. Fins all scaly basally. Suprascapula thin, entire. Cheek with 2 rows of scales. Scales on opercles moderate, small on top of head. Lips, snout broadly, preorbital and suborbitals naked. Broad scaly flap between ventral bases about half length of fin. Ventral axilla with small pointed scale . Fig. 22—Abudefduf parasema sp. nov. about 3 in spine. Height of large humeral scale equals % of eye- diameter. Lateral line with upper branch curving up at first and then follows concurrently along back with upper limits of general squamation, though continues as several simple pores to caudal peduncle. Pores in horizontal section small, inconspicuous and one in middle of each scale exposure, not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal inserted opposite pectoral origin, spines graduated up to fifth, then subequal, fin edge well notched and slight cutaneous point behind each spine tip. Soft dorsal origin at last third between 58 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF spinous dorsal origin and caudal base, rays: cuca 4: fourth | which longest. Spinous anal — little nearer as ones small (damaged) and apparently rounded. | Poo | rather broad, nearly reaches anal. Ventral inserted close pectoral base, fin to second anal spine base, and fin le combined head and trunk length. Vent close before anal. : Color in alcohol deep chocolate-brown, caudal peduncle and cau fin white in contrast. Vertical fin dusky-brown. Muzzle with oblique dusky-chocolate streaks. Dark bar at pectoral origin a base. Each scale with dark blotch on head and dark vertical bar on each larger scale on trunk. Iris pale slaty. Hind caudal Bs with moderately broad pale brown shade. Teeth hp cae Length 43 mm. — | 8 . Type, No. 47,533, A. N.S. P. , | Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums. Philadelphia. | Also, Nos. 47,534 to 47, 537, Slingo same pve: These sho Head 8 to 34; depth 2; D. XIII, 11, 1; A. II, 12, 1; scales 13 to with tubes, thee 3 or 4 -pores, nl finally 8 or 9 pores in horizont: section of lateral line; 2 or 3 scales above 1.1. and 8 or 9 below; 17 to 19 predorsal scales; snout 33 to 33 in head; eye 22 to 3; aba 3 to 32; interorbital 23 to 27; length 37 to 43 mm. : Related to Glyphidodon Mvsnidbus Quoy and Gaimard, 39 which differs in coloration, the figure without black pectoral blotch and caudal only slightly paler or about same tint as pectoral. G. lacr i matus also shows scattered and rather large obscure bluish spots on | back. Abudefduf sapphirus Jordan and Richardson has somewhat similar head markings, but has the tail and caudal peduncle like rest of body. (llapaoypya, streamer, with reference to the pale tail.) CTENOGLYPHIDODON subgen. nov. Type Abudefduf melanopselion sp. nov. eee ee Body of oblong contour. Preorbital broad, with peo a Hind preopercle edge entire. Gill-rakers very long and slender, — also numerous or about 76 on first arch. Front border of snout, or space before nostrils, naked. Preorbitals and suborbitals scaleless. Of three rows of scales on cheek lowest row on preopercle limb. *9 Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1825, p. 388, Pl. 22, fig. 7. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ae This subgenus appears unique in its very fine and numerous gill-rakers. (Aztecs, comb; Glyphidodon, an old name for Abudefduf; with refer- ence to the fine gill-rakers.) , Abudefduf melanopselion sp. nov. Fig. 23. Head 3; depth 23; D. XIII, 14, 1; A. IT, 15, 1; P. m, 13; V. I, 5; tubes in upper arch of lateral line 16, followed by 3 pores as one on each scale sloping down behind, then 5 pores in straight section on side of caudal peduncle; 5 scales in vertical series between 1.1. and Fig. 23.—Abudefduf melanopselion sp. nov. - spinous dorsal origin, and 10 below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; 21 predorsal scales; head width 13 its length; head depth 1; snout 24; eye 32; maxillary 34; interorbital 22; last dorsal spine 13; seventh dorsal ray 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 2§; second anal spine 2; seventh anal ray 14; caudal 14; pectoral 14; ventral 1%. Body well compressed, rather deep, and greatest depth median, edges rounded or predorsal scarcely trenchant. - Caudal peduncle compressed, least depth twice its length. Head moderately large, well compressed, evenly constricted above and below, upper profile little more inclined. Snout nearly straight 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., in profile, convex over surface, length about ¢ its width. Hye large, round, close to upper profile and hind pupil edge midway in head length. Mouth slightly inclined, jaws about even, gape short. Maxillary reaches about first 7 in space between nostril and eye, entirely slips below broad preorbital. Teeth as row of rather even crowded compressed incisors, as single cutting-edge, and each tooth with end rather broad, or truncate, though slightly emarginate medially. No teeth on roof of mouth or tongue. Inner buccal folds broad. Tongue free, pointed and depressed. Lips moderately broad. Nostril simple pore slightly before middle in snout length. Interorbital convex. Preorbital width 14 in eye. Hind preopercle edge slopes well forward or about opposite eye center, and both it and preopercle ridge, also preorbital edge, entire. Gill-opening forward about opposite hind maxillary end. Rakes 31+45, lanceolate or very slender, 13 in eye. Gill-filaments 2 in eye, pseudobranchize equally long. Isthmus narrowly constricted forward with narrow branchiostegal membrane. | Seales ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows, smaller along body edges. Fins all scaly basally. Suprascapula thin, entire. Cheek with 2 rows of scales. Scales on opercles mod- erate and small on top of head. Lips, preorbital, suborbitals and front edge of snout naked, also front of mandible. Scaly flap between ventral bases barely half of spine, and pointed axillary ventral scale about ? of spine. Height of large humeral scale equals eye-diameter. Lateral line with upper branch curving up at first and then follows concurrently along back with upper limits of general squamation — to end below front of soft dorsal. Tubes simple, large, over first half of each scale exposure. Pores in horizontal section small and inconspicuous, and one in middle of each scale exposure, not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal inserted opposite pectoral origin, spines rapidly graduated up to third or fourth, then slightly so to last, fin edge well notched, and cutaneous flap from each spine tip behind. Soft dorsal origin little before last third in space between pectoral origin and caudal base, rays graduated to seventh, which longest and forms pointed tip behind reaching back half-way in caudal. Spinous anal origin midway between that of pectoral and caudal base, first spine 2 length of second. Soft anal graduated to seventh ray, fin pointed behind like soft dorsal. Caudal (damaged) apparently truncate behind, broad. Pectoral moderate, 14 to anal, upper rays longest. Ventral inserted about opposite middle of pectoral base, spine $ Pe in cA. sa, ; 4 CE eS eee ey er ae esl aa Orie eee kei 1918.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61 length of fin and latter not quite to anal origin. Vent about midway between ventral spine tip and spinous anal origin. Color in alcohol pale russet-brown on front, shading off on front of back to chocolate-brown above medianly and posteriorly, which latter tint uniformly over dorsals. Region above anal, caudal fin, and anal fin chocolate-brown, fins of darker tint. Pale transverse streak on caudal peduncle and caudal base with broad dark transverse area. Median caudal rays dusky, outer pale. Dusky-brown blotch on upper half of pectoral base and slightly on humeral scale also. Lower surface of head, breast and belly all pale or light brownish. Lips grayish. Iris pale slaty. Pectoral grayish, paler below. Ventral blackish-brown, front and hind margins broadly pale. Length 93 mm. Type, No. 47,538, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. (Méras, black; ¢¢4cov, bracelet; with reference to the black pectoral bases.) ; | Chromis scotochilopterus sp. nov. Fig. 24. Head 34; depth 2; D. XIII, 11; A. I, 11; P. 1, 16; V. I, 5; tubes in upper arch of lateral line 19, and 9 in straight section to caudal base; 3 scales above 1.1]. to spinous dorsal origin, and 9 scales in vertical row below to spinous anal origin; predorsal scales about 32; head width 1 in its length; head depth 1; mandible 23; fourth dorsal spine 2; fourth dorsal ray 13; second anal spine 13; sixth anal ray 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 2; ventral 15; snout 4 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 3; maxillary 22; interorbital 3. Body well compressed, contour deeply ellipsoid, greatest depth midway in its length, edges convex. Caudal peduncle well com- pressed, length ? its least depth. Head large, deep, compressed, flattened sides slightly constricted below, and upper profile slightly steeper. Snout slightly convex in profile, length half its width. Eye large, rounded, scarcely elevated, hind edge but slightly behind center in head length. Mouth oblique, gape moderate, lower jaw slightly protruded. Maxillary reaches slightly beyond front eye edge, not quite to pupil. Lips rather narrow, fleshy. Teeth short, strong, conic, in outer row in each jaw, and those in front little larger than others. Inner teeth fine, minute, crowded close behind outer row. No teeth on roof of mouth or on tongue. Inner buccal folds broad. Rami of mandible but little elevated inside mouth. Nostril about last 2 in snout length, 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., simple, moderate pore. Interorbital convex. Preorbital partly_ ensheaths upper maxillary edge, width 3 in eye. Hind preopercle edge slightly emarginate, whole edge entire. Gill-opening extends forward opposite hind maxillary edge. Rakers 10+13, lanceolate, about ¢ of filaments, and latter 1# in eye. Pseudobranchie long as gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly con- | stricted forwards, with rather narrow branchiostegal membrane across. | Scales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated, in even lengthwise rows more or less converging behind, and smaller along body edges. , WW VSR CoS «K “1 meet a t ~ f ms) exe) Bae 53 5 Waa) ss nae S OAC US) Sze Oo EAE RE BO- ¥. = oe ae, Sat Be- te <2 <2 S2 SS ERS 20 Te Fig. 24.—Chromis scotochilopterus sp. nov. Fins all scaly basally. Suprascapula small, thin, entire. Head scaly, except lips, and on muzzle, suborbitals and interorbitals smaller scales crowded closely. Cheek with 6 rows of scales, two median rows enlarged. Opercles with moderately large scales. Humeral scale moderate. Ventrals with median scaly flap 3 of fin, and pointed axillary scale 4: Upper branch of lateral line curving up at first, then concurrent with upper limit of general squamation on dorsal fins, and ends below front basal region of soft dorsal. Tubes simple, large, and well over front half of each scale exposure. Pores in horizontal section simple, small, one in middle of each scale exposure, and 2 irregularly on caudal base. ~~ 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63 Spinous dorsal inserted about over ventral origin, spines graduated up to fourth after which subequal, fin edge notched and cutaneous flap from behind tip of each spine. Soft dorsal inserted nearly at last fourth in space between pectoral origin and caudal base, rays graduated up to fifth which forms point extending back well beyond caudal base. Spinous anal inserted midway between pectoral origin and caudal base, first spine 3 in second. Soft anal more rounded than soft dorsal, first 6 rays subequal. Caudal deeply forked, about. ‘24 in combined head and trunk, lobes sharply pointed and upper much longer. Pectoral reaches vent, which close before anal. Ventral reaches slightly beyond its to anal, and insertion close behind pectoral base. Ventral spine of fin. ? Color in alcohol largely dull uniform brownish, scarcely. paler ‘below. Some small obscure whitish spots sprinkled on opercles and upper side of head, along middle of side and near depressed | pectoral tip. Head brownish above, especially interorbital and upper snout surface. Iris slaty. Spinous dorsal blackish-brown. Soft dorsal blackish-brown basally, which broadly so at first and narrowly behind, rest of fin white. Dark color of this fin also reflected on adjacent region of back. Caudal white, except upper and lower borders broadly, to tips of lobes, which blackish-brown. Anals white, except along front edge of soft anal broad blackish-brown band to hindmost tip of fin. Pectoral pale, with small brownish axillary blotch above, though not extending on outside of fin. Ven- tral brownish, darker terminally. Apparently whole general colora- tion more or less olivaceous when fresh. Length 115 mm. Type, No. 47,539, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. : _ Also No. 47,540, paratype, same data: Head 3%; depth 2; D. XIII, 11; A. II, 11; tubes in upper arch of 1.1. 18, and 7 in straight section to caudal base; snout 4 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 22; maxillary 24; interorbital 33; length 75 mm. Allied ith Chromis anthochie (Bleeker), but differs in its colora- tion as represented in his colored figure.” (2xoratos, dark; zetdos, edge; ztepoy, fin.) -Chromis philippinus sp. nov. Fig. 25. Head 32; depth 14; D. XII, 11; A. IT, 11; P. m, 15; V. I, 5; tubes in upper arch of lateral line about 15, and 9 pores in straight portion "49 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., IX, 1877, Pl. 3, fig. 5. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Pea to caudal base; 3 scales above 1.1. to spinous dorsal origin, and 9 below in vertical series to spinous anal origin; about 23 predorsal scales; head width 1{ in its length; mandible 2%; third dorsal spine 22; twelfth dorsal spine 3; fourth dorsal ray 14; second anal spine 21: sixth anal ray 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 2; pectoral 1; ventral 1; snout 33 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 23; maxillary 3; interorbital 23. Body well compressed, contour somewhat ovoid with greatest depth near spinous dorsal front, and edges all convex. Caudal os peduncle compressed, about long as deep. 7 : ; Ske i) ig i x xe y ae Se Ee par,< & V4 Fig. 25.—Chromis philippinus sp. nov. my . Head rather large, well compressed, flattened sides slightly con- stricted below, profiles similarly and nearly evenly convex. Snout | convex in profile and over surface, length 2 its width. Eye circular, | 2 large, but slightly elevated and hind pupil edge about midway in : head length. Mouth small, oblique, gape short, and closed lower jaw slightly protrudes. Maxillary small, extends back very slightly beyond front eye edge. Lips fleshy, rather narrow. ‘Teeth fine, simple, conic, strong, in bands in jaws, and entire outer row enlarged, especially anteriorly. No teeth on mouth roof or on tongue. Inner buccal folds broad. Tongue broad, depressed and free. Nostril simple pore at last 2 in snout. Interorbital convex. Preorbital a lee . as 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65 ensheaths upper maxillary edge, its width 21 in eye. Hind pre- opercle edge obliquely forward opposite hind pupil edge, little emarginate below, and entire. Gill-opening forward opposite front eye edge. Rakers 9+20, lanceolate, very slender, slightly less than filaments or latter about- 2in eye. Pseudobranchize about as long as gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly constricted, especially ‘anteriorly, with rather narrow branchiostegal membrane across. Seales finely ctenoid, narrowly imbricated in even lengthwise rows somewhat converging behind, and smaller along body edges. Fins all scaly basally. Suprascapula small, entire. Head scaly, except lips, and on snout and mandible scales quite small. Cheek with 4 rows of scales, and a single row of broad ones on preorbital. Scales on opercle moderate. Humeral scale large as eye. Small scales on breast and pointed scaly flap between ventral bases 3 in fin, and pointed axillary scaly flap about same. Upper branch of lateral line curves up at first, then concurrent with upper limit of general squamation on dorsal fins, and ending below soft dorsal origin. Tubes simple, large, and extend well over each scale or for about first 3 its exposure. Pores in horizontal section mostly simple and single, though some few double, all median on each scale exposure, and not on caudal base. Spinous dorsal inserted about opposite hind basal pectoral edge, spines slightly graduated to third, others more or less subequal, and fin edge notched. Soft dorsal inserted about last third in space between hind preopercle edge and caudal base, graduated to fourth and fifth rays, which form point behind extending slightly beyond éaudal base. Spinous anal inserted nearer pectoral origin than caudal base, first spine nearly 2 length of second. Soft anal little more oblong than soft dorsal, little shorter behind. Caudal deeply forked, subequal lobes sharply pointed, 23 in combined head and trunk. Pectoral reaches second anal spine base. Ventral inserted below last half of pectoral base, reaches nearly to anal, and spine about + of fin. Vent about midway between depressed ventral spine tip and anal origin. | Color in alcohol dark brown above generally, and lower surface paler. Traces of obscure mottling or spots on head above and back especially anteriorly. Under surface of head, with lips pale. Iris slaty. Dorsals blackish-brown, also anals. Caudal with lengthwise blackish-brown band broadly on upper lobe above and lower lobe 5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or below, rest of fin paler or gray-brown. Pectoral ae : brown. | pee Length 70 mm. Type, No. 47,541, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial I Philadelphia. ORGY Also Nos. 47,542 to 47,547, paratypes, same a These sh Head 3 to 31; depth 14 to 2; D. XII, 11, once XII, 10; A. II rarely II, 10 to II, 12; tubes in upper arch of 1.1. 15, rarely 1: in straight portion ar 1.1. 10, rarely 9 or 12; snout 33 to 4 in measured from upper jaw tip; eye 22 to 23; maxillary 24 to interorbital 23 to 23; length 58 to 75 mm. Some of the smaller show a slight depression concavely above eye in upper profile. Allied with Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker), especially in its pal anal and dark edged caudal, though differs in its preorbital | not half so Suis: as in Bleeker’ s aes Day’ s figure of Heliastes 1 ; on the base of first ray. HOPLOCHROMIS subgen. nov. Type Heliases ceruleus Cuvier. species, in the presence of éberian: eer directed conic teeth in each j ie teeth.) Chromis ceruleus (Cuvier). Six examples. Callyodon ee . nov. . ‘Fig. 26. head depth 12; Sha 2}; - eye 63; oie tlocy 5; interorbital 92. thir : dorsal spine 3; first taal ray 22; third anal spine 33; third anal ray 25; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; caudal 12 pester 13; ventral 13 3 ; \ ; PT, 41 Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., IX, 1877, Pl. 4, fig. 4. “ Fishes of India, III, i877, Pi. 82, fig. 1. the eg ee ee AS ee SM wr WES ro —1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 67 Body compressed, contour elongately ellipsoid, deepest about midway in its length, and edges convexly rounded. Caudal peduncle well compressed, length about 3 its least depth. Head large, compressed, flattened sides about evenly constricted above and below, and upper profile a little more evenly convex than lower. Snout convex in profile and over surface, long as wide. Eye small, a little elevated, rounded, and its center nearly midway in head length. Mouth small, gape inclined forward, jaws even. Lips thin, broad, not covering teeth. Teeth welded into sharp-edged even cutting-edge. Two large upper posterior canines and larger lower one on each side. Inner buccal membranes broad. Tongue Fig. 26.—Callyodon philippinus sp. nov. thick, depressed, apparently not free. Maxillary not half way in snout, not nearly to front nostril. Nostrils small, lateral, incon- spicuous, little separated, hind one about 3 an eye-diameter before eye and both near level of upper eye edge. Interorbital broadly convex. Opercular flap narrow. | Gill-opening extends forward close behind hind nostril. Rakers 32 very short weak flexible points on outer edge of first arch, and about 52 slender sete-like rakers on inner edge, which latter about 3% in gill-filaments. Gill-filaments 2 in snout length. Pseudo- branchize about 4 of gill-filaments. Isthmus narrowly constricted, gill-membranes adnate. Seales large, cycloid, and those on middle of sides with exposed 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., width a little less'than half of exposed depths. Snout, interorbital, preorbital, muzzle and lower limb of ‘preopercle anteriorly, naked. Cheek with 2 rows of broad scales. Several large scales on opercle. Fins, except base of caudal which covered with large scales, naked. Smaller scales along bases of dorsals and anals. Round scale between ventral bases about ¢ of fin, and pointed axillary scale about 23. Lateral line concurrent with back, slopes down below bases of last dorsal rays and midway along side of caudal peduncle on caudal base. Tubes in first section of lateral line with several branches, _ all small, main stem most conspicuous and branches small. Origin of spinous dorsal about over that of pectoral, spines more or less equal, rather flexible adipose ends present, and edge of fin entire. Soft dorsal origin little nearer upper corner of gill-opening than caudal base, membranes very shallowly emarginate along fin edge, and rays subequally high. Anal spines graduated to third, which longest, each ending in flexible adipose-like end. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Closed caudal slightly concave behind, when expanded nearly truncate and corners always sharp-pointed. Pec- toral broad, upper rays longest, and fin ¢ to anal. Ventral inserted about opposite pectoral Onge fin about to anal, and spine ends in flexible adipose-like tip 4 of fin length. “Veit close before anal. Color in alcohol faded pale brownish with traces of olivaceous. Dorsals marginally with broad pale band length of both fins. . Anal with similar submarginal band lengthwise. Caudal uniform brown- ish. Pectoral pale olive, but second, third and upper portions of fourth branched rays with their intervening rays dark brown, forming a lengthwise dark band. Ventral pale uniform brownish. Upper lip broadly pale, and with narrow line from mouth corner back to eye. Also short pale line from behind eye over postorbital, besides several smaller ones below, at lower edges. Small broken bars and spots of pale brownish on under surface of head. :Iris slaty. Length 215: mm. Type, No. 47,548, A. N. 8.’P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. This species somewhat resembles Callyodon rivulatus (Valenciennes) as figured by Bleeker,® but differs in the coloration, as there are no traces of the green: median spots on the soft dorsal, the dark pectoral band is lower on the fin, and it does not show the — and bars of pale color on the under surface of the head. ® Atlas Ich. Ind. Néerl., I, 1862, p. 44, Pl. 9, fig. 3. I ee TT no 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69 Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn). | Large series, mostly young. These identical with material from Bacon, P. I., upon comparison. All have a dark shoulder-blotch and dark spots or blotches on trunk. | Siganus corallinus (Valenciennes). One which differs slightly from a Sumatran example in the smaller dark spots on the head, doubtless due to age. Both agree largely with Miiller. and Schlegel’s account. The alleged. closely related Chetodon. guttatus Bloch shows no dark spots on.the head. Surely the figure by Quoy and Gaimard of their, Amphacanthus argenteus cannot refer to this genus as it is shown with five dorsal spines and three anal spines. Its trunk is clouded olive and brown, and there is a white bar on the caudal peduncle. DROMBUS Jordan and Seale. ULCIGOBIUS subgen. nov. Type Drombus maculipinnis sp. nov. Differs from subgenus Drombus in the higher spinous dorsal, larger scales and very conspicuous pores on the sides of the head. Ventrals joined, at least for their basal halves. Probably D. tutwile Jordan and Seale belongs in the present group. (Ulcis, boil, with reference to the pores on the side of the head; Gobius.) Drombus maculipinnis sp. nov. Fig. 27. Head 3; depth 32; D. VI-10; A. I, 7; P. 1, 14; V. I, 5; scales 23 in median lateral series from shoulder to caudal base and 3 more on latter; about 7 scales between second dorsal origin and anal origin; about 6? predorsal scales; head width 1? in its length; head depth at occiput 13; mandible 34; first dorsal spine slightly less than head; eighth dorsal ray 12; last anal ray 12; least-depth of caudal peduncle 2;'5; pectoral 1; ventral 12; snout 32 in head measured from upper jaw tip; eye 43; maxillary 33; interorbital about 2 in eye. Body moderately long, compressed though little robust anteriorly and deepest about second dorsal origin. Body edges all rounded convexly. Caudal peduncle compressed, slightly longer than deep. ‘ Head large, elongate, profiles similar, cheeks and lower sides greatly and evenly swollen backward, with upper head surface more constricted than lower. Snout convex over profile and surface, length % its width. Eye moderate, superior, advanced, largely - directed upward. Mouth small, broad, gape extends about first 2 in snout. Mandible broad, protrudes, rather shallow. Lips thick, 70 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., fleshy, firm. Teeth in rather broad villiform bands in jaws, none on vomer, palatines or tongue. Inner buccal folds both rather - broad. Tongue large, thick, oblong, adnate, and front end rather — ae broadly truncate. Nostril small pore in depression at base of snout 00%: close before eye, but not visible in superior view. Interorbital % deep narrow groove between elevated supraorbital ridges. Gill-opening entirely lateral, long as space between mandible tip and front eye edge. Rakers 2+6, 111, lanceolate, slightly less than filaments, and latter about half of eye. Isthmus broad, width equals snout and half of eye. Scales large, ctenoid, moderately exposed, in even lengthwise Fig. 27—Drombus maculipinnis sp. nov. rows. Caudal base scaly. Head scaly, with numerous transverse cutaneous narrow areas on cheek, side of head and snout. Cutaneous flap each side of snout tip nearly equal to pupil in length. Fins other than caudal apparently scaleless and without scaly flaps. No Ll. . Oe x: Spinous dorsal inserted little nearer mandible tip than last dorsal ray base, first spines elongate, flexible and reach about % in second dorsal base. Origin of soft dorsal much nearer caudal base than ~ hind eye edge, median and posterior rays little longer, and last ones reach caudal base. Anal origin close behind dorsal origin, fin similar to soft dorsal only smaller. Caudal elongate and ends in median Sea Ca, 4 Div ne 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 71 point behind. Pectoral large, with broad base, and reaches little beyond anal origin. Ventral inserted below gill-opening close before pectoral base, fins united for their basal halves, and reach large vent close before anal. Ventral spine small, about # length of fin. Color in alcohol dark chocolate-brown, with basal pockets of scales dusky to blackish, and together with paler spots producing a mottled appearance. Fins all blackish or dusky-brown, barred or spotted with whitish. Cutaneous areas on head dark. Iris slaty. Length 50 mm. Type, No. 47,549, A. N.S. P. Philippine Islands. Presented by the Commercial Museums of Philadelphia. _Drombus palackyt Jordan and Seale“ has smaller scales, show 31 in a lateral series, body more slender or with the depth 6 and fins not marked with white. 3 (Macula, spot; pinna, fin.) 4 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 797, fig. 15. 72 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE. ACADEMY. OF [March, Marcu 19. Henry SKINNER, M:D., Se.D., in the Chair. Fifty persons present. The death, on February 26, of Samuel Gibson Dixon, M.D., LL.D., Se.D., President of the Academy, having been announced, the following minute prepared for a special meeting of the Council by John Cadwalader, LL.D., Vice President of the Academy, was read: This Academy has met the most serious loss in the death of its President, SAMUEL GIBSON Drxon. The death of an officer who has been twenty-two years in the service of such an institution inflicts a loss not easily compensated. . When a man of Dr. Dixon’s earnest character, unusual attain- ments and unflagging zeal in every cause which he espoused, is lost to the community, it becomes a public calamity. It would be hard to find a man whose services had been of more value to his associates, and to the public generally, than were those of Dr. Dixon. He was unusually well equipped for efficiency by early education, He thus came to the bar, at that time the commanding profession. The influence of an office discipline as well as Law School instruction still existed, and lawyers were truly men of affairs as well as legal advisers and could adapt themselves to all demands made upon them more readily than could men of any other training. | Having a natural trend of thought and interest in the pursuit of science, he entered the other great learned profession—medicine, after a very thorough preparation. A man in mature life who seeks a new vocation is apt to throw a deeper interest into what he under- takes, as he cannot afford to make another experiment. Dr. Dixon’s work in his profession and here in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and for many years in his great office, presiding over the Health Department of the State, cannot be properly dealt with in a brief minute. A fitting tribute to his work and memory will be paid at a suitable time. To-day we meet to record our deep sense of the loss of an able pre- siding officer, a loyal friend to the institution over which he presided, and a personal colleague whose friendship we all treasured. His col- leagues tender to his family profound sympathy in their bereavement. ‘ 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 4a The death of George Barrie, a member, January 4th, was also announced. Eruptions of the Costa Rican Volcano Irazt. in. 1917-18.—Dr. Puitip P. CaLvert stated that the first and greatest known eruption of Irazi occurred in 1723, from February intermittently to December. A contemporary account by the Spanish Governor of Cartago, Don Diego de la Haya, exists and has been reprinted several times. A recent report by Prof. Tristén refers to eruptions of “smoke” or of vapors seen by visitors to the old craters in 1844, 1847, 1855, 1859, 1870, 1880, 1884, 1888, and 1910. La Informacién, a daily paper of San José, for October 6, 1917, published a despatch from a correspondent who visited the craters of Irazti on the preceding day, in which he stated that they were violently exhaling large columns of steam, rising at times to a height of 70 meters, accompanied by sulphurous odors, rumbling sounds and small voleanic stones. This notice led Prof. J. Fidel Tristén, accompanied by Sefiores Alvaro Ferndndez Peralta and Ewaid Starke to visit the volcano on October 19 and 20, 1917. ee we, ee 1918.] . NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 93 p. 82, Fig. 1). They resemble more the folds seen in Argia moesta putrida (Cullen, l.c.) The epithelium, too, is much thicker (41 to 83 1) in Mecistogaster modestus than in the first two larve named above, resembling more Argia moesta putrida in this respect also. But on slide 7 of Thaumatoneura larva No. 7 (female, Dr. Calvert’s personal collection), I found sections where the epithelium of the rectal folds was about as thick (50 or 60 #) as that of the corresponding region in Mecistogaster.' About section 310 (Fig. 6) the three folds (4, 8, 12) of thick columnar epithelium begin to occupy less, and the pigmented areas separating them more, of the gut wall. At section 370 the folds (or rather bands, for they are no longer folds) of columnar epithelium have contracted so as to form only about half of the gut wall. The epithelium of these bands has, however, become much thicker (83) than further cephalad. Between these bands are seen three folds (Nos. 2, 6 and 10) of spongy or reticulate connective tissue covered on the lumen side by the more or less broken down epithelium of the pigmented areas mentioned above. While spaces filled with blood and an occasional Malpighian tubule exist between the basement membrane of folds 4, 8 and 12 and the circular muscle coat, the circular muscle fibres are in contact with the spongy tissue of folds 2, 6 and 10. Folds of spongy tissue, homologous to those in Mecistogaster, occur in the rectum of Thaumatoneura larva. On slide 7 of Thauma- toneura larva No. 7, female, (Dr. Calvert’s collection), there are three such folds of reticulate tissue covered by a _ pigmented epithelium. About section 373 (Fig. 6) some of the spongy tissue extends out into the hemocecele. From section 383 (Fig. 6), anterior part of segment X, caudad to the end of the gut no more is seen of the large columnar cells of the longitudinal folds. This region, from about section 380 to the end of the gut, corresponds to the vestibule or anal part of the rectum of Anisopterous larve (Sadones, 1895, pp. 277, 280, 315; Tillyard, 1916, p. 131 and 1917, pp. 101, 114, 115, 116; Faussek, 1887, p. 45). But there are not two kinds of epithelia as described by Sadones for Libellula depressa, nor is there any indication of a (} As the larvee of Thaumatoneura and of Argia talamanca figured in the papers above cited were unavoidably those which died in attempted rearing, it is perhaps not impossible that the thinness of their epithelia may be a starvation effect.—P. P. CALVERT.) 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, stratification of the epithelium as mentioned by that author (Sadones, Fig. 49). The epithelium covering the six longitudinal folds, although it is not as well preserved in this region as one would wish, seems to consist of a single layer of elongate cells. These, except for the presence of more pigment, are similar to those described for the folds of the first part of the hind-gut. The musculature of the anal part of the Mecistogaster intestine is homologous, as is pointed out below, to the musculature of the corresponding region in Anisopterous larvee. lmcgt rmcgt ret dlm legt rad vlm Fig. 5. Part of photograph of transverse section 393 (Anal Part, or Mier sy. of the Rectum). Enlarged 125 diameters. Abbreviations as in Figure 5 is a photograph of section 393. It illustrates the appearance of this sixth and last division of the hind-gut. In section 393 the following parts can be made out: intima, 7; pigmented epithelium of the six longitudinal folds, e (the epithelium of folds 2, 6 and 10 is continuous with the more or less disintegrated epithe- lium of the pigmented areas of the preceding division of the gut); basement membrane, b; reticulate connective tissue, ret; circular muscle layer, cm; and the radial muscle strands, rad. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 95 Summary of the Divisions of the Hind-Gut, with Homologies. Small Intestine or Ileum (Tillyard, 1917, pp. 101, 113, 114). Rectum (Tillyard, 1917, pp. 191, 114, 115, 116). ra) Rectum; Ves- tibule (Anis- optera). 6 folds (Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). - < HOMOLOGIES shai FOLDS LOCATION 1. Tleum (Orthop-| Fig.1 (12 folds (Nos. 1.2.3.4.5.6.;:Anterior part tera) Short 7a. O.-40. 11; 12). segment VII Intestine Sections 1-35. (Anisoptera). 2. |Prerectal Am-| Fig.2 (3 folds of thick columnar Middle part pulla (Anis- epithelium (Nos. 4, 8, 12)| segment VII optera, some and 9 other folds (Nos.| Sections 35- Orthoptera ). 1. 2.3—5. 6. 7—9. 10. 11).| 80. 3. |Colon (some Or-|(N ot fig-|12 folds (Nos. 1. 2.3. 4.5.6. Posterior part thoptera). We @ oh 7.8. 0102-18, F9). segment VII similar Sections 80- to Fig.| 140. 1) 4. /Pouched Region| Fig. 3 Anterior part (no reference segment VIII to sucha Sections 140- region found 160. in the litera- ture). 5. Anterior part) Fig.4 (3 folds (Nos. 4, 8, 12) of Segments VIII, of Rectum thick columnar epithe-| IX, X Sec- (most insects) lium. Toward posterior tions 160-380. Branchial end folds 2, 6 and 10 are Basket (Anis- also present. optera). 6. |Anal part of} Fig. 5 Segment X Sec- tion 380 to anus. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, There are six of the radial muscle strands. They connect with the rectum at the points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, of the clock notation as described by Tillyard. Radiating outward they are attached at their peripheral ends to the body wall. They correspond to the radial rectal dilator muscles of Anisopterous larve (Tillyard, 1916, pp. 139, 140; Sadones, 1895, p. 316). As indicated in the above table, Tillyard in his recent excellent book, The Biology of Dragonflies (1917, pp. 101, 113, 114, 115, 116), divides the hind-gut of Odonate larve into two main parts, the small intestine or ileum and the rectum. The small intestine is subdivided into the short intestine and prerectal ampulla. The first two divisions of the hind-gut in the present larva are evidently homologous with these two parts. But histologically the structure of this part of the intestine in Mecistogaster differs from the descrip- tion given by Tillyard or the other authors mentioned above. The third division of the small intestine, which is called the colon in the table, is not described by Tillyard. - Tillyard’s statement (1917, footnote, p. 101) that “in Zygopterid larvee the rectum is undivided,” is hardly true for Mecistogaster. In the present larva, as indicated in the above table and described on preceding pages, the rectum (as the term is used by Tillyard) is divided into three distinct regions. These differ from one another - both in gross morphology and finer histological structure. THE TRACHE# (Fig. 6). In the diagram (Fig. 6), in order to represent more clearly the main trunks with their branches, most of the trachee have been drawn far laterad to their true position. The correct orientation may be obtained by referring to the photographs of the transverse sections (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The diameters of the trachee and gut have been drawn on a scale twice as great as their length. A glance at Fig. 4, of section 250, shows that the rectum is slightly asymmetrical with respect to the epithelial folds of the gut wall. By comparing the mid-dorsal fold (No. 12) with the same fold in Thaumatoneura larva (Calvert, 1915, Plate XVII) it was possible to determine the true right and left sides. The latter are correctly represented in the diagram, Fig. 6, showing the distribution of the abdominal tracheze as seen from the dorsal side. From the anterior part of segment VII (Fig. 6) the two great dorsal longitudinal trunks (rdt, ldt) run ecaudad, dorso-lateral to the gut, as far as sections 40 and 60 respectively. At these points 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 transverse connectives (dic) are given off to the lateral longitudinal trachez (li, rit). From about sections 95 to 130 the dorsal trunks are almost in contact with one another and lie dorsal to the gut. At about section 170 on the right, and 180 on the left, two more transverse connectives (dlc) connect the dorsal and_ lateral longitudinal trunks. At section 190 the dorsal trachee have moved out laterally and are entirely lateral at section 240 (Fig. 4 of section 250, ldt and rdt), where they lie on opposite sides of the gut. The anterior or chief left (ldrt;) and right (rdrt,) dorsal rectal trachez are given off from the dorsal longitudinal trunks about section 250, posterior part of segment VIII. These dorsal rectal trachee run mesad and supply the columnar epithelium of the dorsal rectal longitudinal fold (No. 12), (Figs. 4, and 6, ldrt; and rdrt,). By the time they have reached section 260, posterior end of segment VIII, the dorsal trunks are really ventro-lateral in position with respect to the gut. At section 320 they are again dorso-lateral in position, and at section 328, caudad to the middle of segment IX, they divide into the median (lmcgt, rmcgt) and lateral (legt, rcgt) caudal gill trachee (Figs. 5 and 6). The lateral gill trachee pass to the ventral side of the gut and thence into the lateral gills. From the left median caudal gill trachea (lmcgt) small branches (ldrt;,) are given off to the dorsal rectal fold at section 345, segment 1X, and section 362, segment X. About section 352 a small branch (llrt::) is given off to the left ventro-lateral rectal fold. From the right median caudal gill trachea (rmcgt) a branch (rirt:) is given off to the right ventro-lateral rectal fold at section 356. Two other small branches whose course could not be followed, are also given off at about this point. In the anterior part of segment VII the lateral longitudinal trachee (lit, rlt) lie on opposite sides of the gut, beneath the dorsal trunks (Figs. 1 and 6). They remain lateral in position as far as section 180, anterior part of segment VIII. A little caudad to this they pass between the hypodermis and the ventro-lateral muscle masses to the ventral side of the abdomen. They run thence caudad beneath the gut (Figs. 6 and 4, lit, rit), but never in contact with it and giving off no branches to it, to section 373, segment X. Here the right lateral longitudinal trachea (rit) passes over to the left side and joins (section 388) the left lateral longitudinal trachea (llt), forming an anastomosis (anas); separating again almost immedi- ately after (section 391, Fig. 5), they join respectively tracheze regt and lcgt. 7 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, Closed spiracles (Fig. 6, Sp. 7) connect with the lateral longitudinal trachese (rit, lit) at sections 45-49 and 60, segment VII, where the © dorsal lateral connectives (dlc) are given off to the dorsal longitudinal trunks (ldt, rdt). There are closed spiracles (Sp. 8) also at the corresponding points on the lateral trachee in segment VIII, sections 165 and 171. But in addition to the dorsal lateral con- nectives, there originate here the trachez which bifurcate at about section 190 to form the right (rvs) and left (lvs) visceral trachee, oe and the right (rlrt,) and left (lrt,) lateral rectal trachee. The latter may be considered as prolongations caudad of the visceral trachee (Figs. 6 and 4). The left viseeral trachea (lvs), as shown in Fig. 6, runs cephalad as far as section 1, anterior end of segment VII. Between sections 190 and 155 it lies ventrad to, but not in contact with the gut (Fig. 3, Ws); anterior to section 155 it assumes a lateral position (Fig. 1). At section 120 the main trachea divides into three branches. One of these supplies the left ventro-lateral fold (No. 8) of columnar epithelium (Sect. 60). The third branch runs forward to the Fig. 6. Diagram of the hind-gut and rectal trachee. The abdominal thus . The tracheoles which run along or pass into the dorsal rectal wall are represented by solid lines. Abbreviations. anas, anastomosis. dic, transverse tracheae connecting the dorsal and lateral longitudinal trachee. Iegt, left caudal gill trachea. ldrt;, anterior or chief left dorsal rectal trachea. ldrt;,, posterior or secondary left dorsal rectal trachea. ldt, left dorsal longitudinal trachea. lit, left lateral longitudinal trachea. llrt;, anterior or chief left lateral rectal trachea. llrt;,, posterior or secondary left lateral rectal trachea. lmcgt, left median caudal gill trachea. lus, left visceral trachea. r, rectum. regt, right caudal gill trachea. rdrt,, anterior or chief right dorsal rectal trachea. rdt, right dorsal trachea. rlrt;, anterior or chief right lateral rec- | tal trachea. rlrty,, posterior or secondary right lat- eral rectal trachea. rit, right lateral trachea. rmcegt, right median caudal gill trachea. rvs, right visceral trachea. sp7, unopened spiracle of the 7th ab- dominal segment. sp8, unopened spiracle of the 8th ab- dominal segment. Soa 380, 420 99 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, junction of the Malpighian tubes with the gut where it breaks up into small tracheoles ramifying among these tubes and about the circular muscular coat of the gut. | . The distribution of the right visceral trachea (rvs) and its branches is similar to that of the left; except that, while it gives off tracheoles to the right ventro-lateral fold (No. 4) of the intestinal epithelium, it gives off none to the dorsal fold. The left lateral rectal trachea (llrt,) and the right lateral rectal trachea (rirt,) give off tracheoles respectively, to the left ventro- lateral rectal longitudinal fold (No. 8) and the right ventro-lateral rectal longitudinal fold (No. 4), (Figs. 6 and 4). | It will be seen that, in the main, the abdominal tracheal system of this Mecistogaster larva is similar to that described by Calvert for Thaumatoneura (1915, Plate XVI, and pp. 388, 389) and by Cullen and by Jamieson for Argia (1918, pp. 77, 79, figs. 1, 2; pp. 82, 84, figs. 1,2). For convenience in comparison I have used the same nomen- -clature and abbreviations as employed by those authors. ReEctTAL RESPIRATION. A glance at.Figure 6, shows that the tracheole supply of the hind-gut is not rich, and is limited to those portions of the latter which have been described as having longitudinal folds of thick columnar epithelium. All of the tracheoles have been traced, as far as possible, to their terminations. Owing to the fact that cell boundaries in the intestinal epithelium are indistinct, it could not be absolutely determined if any tracheoles terminate inside cells. Usually the twigs appear to end just within the basement membrane of the columnar epithelium of the rectal folds; so seem to end, for instance, the twigs seen between sections 300 and 320. Sometimes, like the terminations of llrt, (sections 320 to 340) and the caudal branch of rdrt, (sections 260-280), the twigs seem to end outside the basement membrane. Sometimes, as in the twigs running cephalad from llrt,; and rirt, in sections 178 to 200, the terminations may possibly be within the cells. Others may pass between the cells. But one fact is clearly evident and seems to be significant: all the tracheal twigs end on the basement membrane side of the thick columnar epithelium. The tracheoles are at all points separated from the lumen of the gut by the thickness (41 to 83 micra) of the columnar epithelium. Furthermore, the columnar epithelium is the only part of the internal rectal wall which has a tracheal supply. No twigs to the a TVS CE : he CO Ts eee ee 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 pigmented areas between these folds could be found. The extensive folds of spongy or reticulate tissue, covered on the inside by a thinner epithelium, and extending from about the middle of segment IX to the end of segment X, also seem destitute of tracheoles. In view of the above facts it seems improbable that any diffusion takes place between gases in the rectal tracheoles and those in the water in the rectum. This conclusion is strengthened if the position of the rectal tracheal twigs in Mecistogaster is contrasted with the position of the tracheal gill capillaries in Anisopterous larve, where diffusion of oxygen is known to take place. The gill capillaries in Anisopterous larve (Tillyard, 1915, p. 425, Figs. 3 and 5; also 1916) lie “‘in a thin layer of very flattened cells,” the gill epithelium. They lie, too, “fairly close up” to the chitinous cuticle of the gill. They are very numerous, excessively fine, and each forms a complete loop: In Mecistogaster the tracheal twigs are separated from the chitinous lining of the gut lumen by a thick epithelium, they are not excessively fine, do not form loops, and are not numerous. They are absent, except for one small area (sections 60 to 80), in segment VII, in which, together with segment VIII, lies the gill basket of Anisopterous larve (Tillyard, 1916, p. 139). Nevertheless, there must be other means of respiration in Zygopterid larve than that through the caudal gills. Calvert (1911 6, p. 455) found in Mecistogaster modestus, ‘‘as in most, perhaps all, Zygopterous larve, the caudal gills may be lost without inter- fering with growth, development and transformation.’”’ Mr. Bodine (1918), has recently succeeded in keeping Zygopterid larve, from which the gills had been removed, alive for three and four days when confined at the bottom of a Mason jar filled with stagnant water. . If we exclude respiration through the integument, the only alternative seems to be some sort of rectal respiration. In support of the latter we have Calvert’s observations on living larve of Calopteryx maculata, Hetaerina americana, and Argia moesta putrida (Calvert, 1915, pp. 437-442). He found regular rhythmic pulsa- tions of the rectum, with inhalations and expirations of water, in these forms may be carried on for long periods. Tillyard (1916, pp. 410-413) found. regular rectal pulsations in newly hatched larvee of Austrolestes leda up until they were half an hour or more old, when the movements became intermittent. If rectal respiration occurs in the larve of Mecistogaster modestus the only areas which seem morphologically suitable for an exchange 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEME OF of gases are the longitudinal folds of spongy or sexinsiiaies tissue. In this connection it may, or may not, be worth noting that — Calvert (1911 b, p. 453 and Plate XVID), in dissecting Mecistogaster os larva No. 1, found, “when the viseus was first opened the three non-cellular andl [folds of spongy tissue just referred to] had the © ; shiny, silvery appearance which suggests enclosed air.” But since these areas either lack entirely or have a very scanty tracl supply, the oxygen would have to be taken up and carried by the: blood.? . We are not able to correlate any peculiarity of tha tenchdaiiies | of the larva of Mecistogaster modestus with its habit of living in the water between the leaf-bases of epiphytic bromeliads ares 1911 a). In the study of these slides and in the preparation of the manu- script I am indebted to Dr. Calvert for suggestions, directions, sais corrections. : LITERATURE CITED. (For a more complete bibliography on the oscars organs and the physiology of respiration of Zygopterous Odonate larve see Calvert, Ent. News Vol. XXVI, p. 444). Bovine, a H.—1918. Papers on the Rectal Tracheation and Rectal Respiration of the Larve of Odonata Zygoptera. IV. Experimental Results _ in Ischnura and Enallagma. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, LXX, pp. 103-113. a Borpas, L. —1898. Appareil Digestif des Orthoptéres. Ann. des Se. Nat. Zoo. VIL, 5. ce. CALVERT, P. P.—1911, a. The Habits of the Plant-dwelling Larva of. Mecistogaster modestus. Ent. News, Vol. XXII, pp. 402-411. —1911, b. Structure and Transformation of the Larva of Mecistogaster modestus. Ent. News, Vol. XXII, pp. 449-460. a —1915. Internal Organs of Thaumatoneura Larva and the Respiration _ and Rectal Tracheation of Zygopterous Larve in General. Ent. News, Vol. XXVI, pp. 385-395, Nov.; pp. 435-447, Dec. . CULLEN, A. M—1918. Papers on the Rectal Tracheation and Rectal Respiration of the Larve of Odonata Zygoptera. I. Rectal Tracheation of Argia putrida larva. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., LXX, pp. 75-81. ; Fausspx, V.—1887. Histologie des Darmkanals der Insekten. Zeit. f. « wissench. Zool., 45. east: JAMIESON, J. 'P.—1918. Papers on the Rectal Tracheation and Rectal Res- : piration of the Larve of Odonata Zygoptera. II. The Tracheal Supply of the — Rectum of the larva of Argia talamanca from Juan Vifias, Costa Rica. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., LXX, pp. 81-85. Minot, C. S. —1880. Histology of the Locust Seacrest and the Cricket (Anabrus). ‘Second Rept. U. 8. Ent. Comm., pp. 183-222. 2 Tillyard suggests (1917, p. 116) that in Zygopterid larvp the tas a 3 (glands or folds) act as bloo alts liberating carbonic acid gas from the blood _ into the rectal water supply, by diffusion, and receiving air in exchange. This hardly seems likely. The hiood is separated from the water in the rectum by the basement membrane, the thick (41 to 83 micra) mactaesoond epithelium and the chitinous intima. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 PackarpD, A. §8.—1898. A Text-book of Entomology. Saponges, J.—1895. L’Appareil Digestif et Respiratoire Larvaire des Odonates. La Cellule, Tome XI. Timtyarp, R. J.—1915. On the Physiology of the Rectal Gills in the Larve of Anisopterid Dragonflies. Proc. of Linn. Soc. of N. S. Wales, Vol. XL, Part 3, Aug. 25th. 1916. A Study of the Rectal Breathing Apparatus in the Larvae of Anisopterid Dragonflies. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. Vol. XXXIII. November. : —1917. The Biology of Dragonflies. Cambridge Zoological Series, Cam- bridge, University Press. IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS IN ISCHNURA AND ENALLAGMA. BY JOSEPH HALL BODINE. (The following paper was written out by Mr. Bodine in nearly the form here presented. Owing to his having entered the war service of the United States, it is unlikely that he will be able to continue these researches for many months. He has placed his manuscript in my hands with the wish that I do with it as I think best. I have made some slight verbal changes, but otherwise the paper represents the author’s own observations and conclusions.—Philip P. Calvert.) The problem of the physiology of respiration among insects is by no means a settled one and presents a great many obstacles to its solution, especially in certain aquatic stages. _ The types, theories, etc., of respiration found in insects have beeh much discussed and can be easily learned from any of the more recent text-books of entomology and comparative physiology and hence need not be taken up here. I shall deal entirely with the phenomena among the dragonflies, eens the problem to the suborder Zygoptera. The morphological studies upon the structure of the rectum and caudal gills of the larve of Zygoptera bring forward several questions, as to the exact function of these parts. The organs generally supposed to be concerned in the respiration of these larve are the caudal tracheal gills, the so-called rectal gills or folds, the body surface and the spiracles. The structure of the rectal gills or folds, especially as regards the distribution of traches to the same is discussed in the papers of Calvert, Jamieson, Cullen and Carroll, and need only be referred to here. (The structure of the caudal gills has been described by Tillyard in 1917, in a paper published after Mr. Bodine’s work ceased.—P. P. C.) Various theories of respiration for these larve have been pro- posed, some of which are quite conflicting and the remainder are based rather upon philosophical, than physiological, ideas. Briefly stated and outlined these theories are as follows: Réaumur (1742) and Roesel von Rosenhof (1749) regarded the caudal gills 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, as having a fin-like or rudder-like function, mentioning no respiratory function whatever. Dufour (1852) and Roster (1886) ascribed. to them the functions of respiration and locomotion. Sharp (1895), remarking that the nymphs lived after removal of the caudal gills, thought their respiratory function must be of an accessory nature. Heymons (1904) held that the entire body surface serves for respiration in addition to the gill-appendages. A respiratory function was first attributed to the rectum in this group by Roesel von Rosenhof (1749). Dufour (1852) described the gills in the rectum and from this time on a respiratory function has often been assigned to them. Calvert (1915) has given a detailed account of the manner in which water is taken into and expelled from the rectum, and from these observations, we must undoubtedly ascribe to the rectum a relation to the respiratory functions of the nymph. Tillyard (1916) asserts that in early larval life, immediately after hatching, for a period of half an hour or so, the rectum contracts vigorously and to these contractions assigns a respiratory function, especially since he thinks the caudal gills of the very ' young larve are incapable of carrying on respiration. This con- clusion is undoubtedly true, but in later periods of the larval life, he attributes to these intermittent contractions only a possible respiratory function, governed ‘“‘by the efficacy of the total of other _ respiratory activities. Respiration through caudal gills, through lateral abdominal gills when they occur and through the integument in such cases as it may occur, all differ from rectal respiration in being practically continuous, carried on without special efforts on the part of the larva. Consequently, if the caudal gills have a poor tracheal supply, or a very tough integument, or if the general integument of the larva be unsuitable for respiration by diffusion, the call on the larva for rectal pulsations must be heavier.” If these statements be true, larvee which are old and hence have thicker chitin over body and gills ought to show rectal pulsations to a greater degree than the normal larve. Such a condition, however, has not been found to be the case in the larvee examined, but such larve have contractions quite like those younger and — with softer chitin. ‘Tillyard continues: “If the caudal gills are accidentally lost, we should expect that the rate of rectal respiration would be increased.’’ When the gills are removed one at a time, or all together, no change in rate of rectal respiration has ever been noticed, hence we can be quite sure of the non-respiratory function of these caudal gills. a Dv 5, Pie gal fe rh thi aie Cab 9. ics 1a es ay eC ee, | ——s i 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 Tillyard’s earlier views (1915) as to the respiration of the Zygopterous larve are stated as follows: ‘Firstly, I shall deal only with the suborder Anisoptera, 7. e. those dragonflies whose larve breathe by means of rectal gills, and shall not consider the somewhat different problem presented by the Zygoptera, whose larve breathe by means of caudal gills.’’ (The italics are ours.) Calvert (1915) says, “From the various data which have been brought together here, it seems reasonable to suppose, at least until much more exact experiments show the limitations of each mode of respiration for different stages and for different species of Zygopterous larve, that the general body surface, the caudal pro- cesses, the rectal epithelium, certain spiracles and in a few species lateral external abdominal tracheal gills, all contribute to satisfying the needs of the organism for oxygen.”’ Summing up this historical treatment of the possible functions of these parts in respiration we find that three methods for the taking in of oxygen by the larva are described, (1) by the caudal tracheal gills—(2) by the rectal gills—(3) by the surface. of the body (including spiracles). Each of these will be discussed in turn and reasons for considering them heretofore as entering into the phenomena of respiration, will be given. I. The caudal tracheal ‘‘gills.”’ These, three in number, situated on the caudal end of the abdomen, have a structure which seems admirably adapted for a respiratory function. Normally, they are present on the larva throughout its life, but are, at the time of transformation, left behind on the exuvia in their normal position and relation. Their presence, however, does not seem to be necessary, because larvee with one, two or all of them missing, live apparently normally and transform into the adult in the usual manner. Hence, if they do act as respiratory organs, it must be only in a secondary manner. They do, however, aid the larva in swimming, acting as fins or as rudders. When at rest the larve have the tendency to move the abdomen in a wave-like fashion from side to side, the “gills” in this case possibly acting only as mechanical devices for the stirring up of the water and hence in bringing water in which the content of oxygen is richer near the larva. If they have (as many hold) a respiratory function, how can the larva continue to live and reach maturity, when they are completely removed? This seems to entirely eliminate them (or at least to cast much doubt on their rdéle) in a consideration of 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or. respiration. Other organs must take up a respiratory fonbiien a er the removal of the caudal “gills” from the emia but. this Peal caudal gills seem quite scaprebabhe II. The rectal folds or gills. The structure of peony) -assc with the observed intake and outgo of water into the sated rc ib anus, seems to warrant Ba inclusion in the consider ait rectum is that of a locomotor one. This, however, is rathor gy imy p able for several reasons. These larvee, when moving in the wat does have a locomotor function. The water when expelled { and taken into the rectum does not create currents strong en to propel the larva through the water. They are erent the Jarva is at rest and in this case do not move it. The function of respiration, then, can be assigned to the rest I until another possible means for this function can be found. possible respiratory function of the skin will have to be consid before one can draw a final conclusion, however. og III. The skin. The skin, or hypodermis and chitin, of the of time from the preceding moulting period. Just after exuviatic the chitin is soft and quite transparent. Soon it becomes ha thickens and becomes quite dark in color. Ramifying thro 1 oh the surface of the larva are innumerable, fine, thread-like tra which join larger branches and finally these latter unite with 1 main tracheal trunks. The thread-like trachesee being found — Ov the entire surface of the larva’ s body, afford a very os area eX] of saa A : ee IV. Spiracles. Spiracles on the thorax and abdomen: ane a 7 os posed to function when the larvee crawl up out of the water intothe air. This idea, perhaps true, need not be considered here because we shall only deal with respiration as carried on when the larve — are actually submerged. However, when the larve come to the — Vs 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 surface, and especially at the time of transformation, respiration must be carried on by this method, since the larvee have then come to the end of their aquatic existence and no longer need those means of respiration previously employed but rather are ready to begin an aerial existence, hence respiration by means of spiracles. EXPERIMENTS. Various experiments made during 1916 and 1917, seem to throw some light upon the possible respiratory mechanisms of Zygopterous larve. The larve used were of species of Jschnura and of Enallagma, obtained from small ponds at Primos, Pennsylvania. Many individuals were employed, the experiments were repeated several times and the data for each set of experiments represent average results. The normal larva (with three caudal ‘‘gills”) when observed under a binocular microscope and in a Syracuse watch glass, show rhythmic pulsations in the rectum, in the manner described by Calvert (1915) for the larva of Hetaerina americana, i. e., each pulsation consisted of three to four successive contractions of the rectum, followed by a pause. No uniformity, however, in the number of contractions per minute seemed to exist; this was possibly due to age, size and environment of the larve under examination. Particles of carmine and of lampblack were also used and these were seen to go in and out of the rectum. The current of water taken in and expelled was not so forcible that a possible locomotor function could be ascribed to it. The currents were not strong but rather weak and of only sufficient strength to be taken into and expelled from the rectum so that a change of water could be brought about. The three caudal gills were then removed as follows: the larva was placed under a binocular microscope as above and a fine needle, bent at a right angle was used to remove the gills. The needle was placed on the particular gill to be taken off and the larva pulling away under this stimulus, broke off the gill at its attachment to the posterior end of the abdomen. By this method the three gills were suecessively removed. The results obtained were the same whether one, two or three gills were removed at the same time or at intervals. The rate of rectal contractions was not increased or decreased at the time of operation and several hours afterward the contractions had not changed their regular normal rhythm. These larve, after the removal of the gills, behaved normally and lived in a regular way, and moulted as did larve with gills. 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, To determine whether the larve breathed through the skin several experiments were conducted. Glass battery jars were filled with pond water and into them were put both larve with gills and also those from which gills had been removed. A fine gauze was then stretched across the jars about two inches below the water’s surface, so that the larve could not come up to the alr. in jars from which the gauze was absent; lived for periods of four to six days—depending of course, upon the amounts of available food substances present in the water. The food question, however, can be eliminated, because both the larve in the controls, as well as those under experiment, were kept in water obtained from the — same pond and were under similar laboratory conditions. The same experiment, performed in a slightly different way, gave like results. Larvee, both with and without gills, were put in vials, the ends of which were covered with gauze, and the vials were then dropped into battery jars containing pond water. Larve put into distilled water in the same manner as above, lived only one to two days—in all probability due to food and osmotic conditions of their environment. 3 When the water was previously boiled the length of life of the larvee was greatly reduced—to one and one-half days when under the above conditions. This is doubtless due to lack of food and oxygen in the water used. | Tracheal System of larva of Enallagma sp., from Primos, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Larva No. 101. Drawings made by J. H. Bodine, November 12, 1915. Fig. 1, dorsal view. Fig. 2, dorsal view of hind end of abdomen with caudal gills. Fig. 3, ventral view. From a transparent specimen. (These are, perhaps, the first complete views, dorsal and ventral, of the tracheal system of an Agrionine larva to be published. would have found them alone impossible. Naturally, of late years — with the activities and responsibilities of the Health Department ever increasing, Dr. Dixon was able to devote less and less time to the Academy, but the planning of earlier years had placed the institution on a basis upon which it ran smoothly and needed less and less the detailed attention of the executive. During his long connection with the Academy Dr. Dixon served upon many of its committees, being Chairman of the Building Committee and also- of the Committee in charge of the Centenary Celebration in 1912. _ In March, 1892, he was appointed to act for the Academy in con- junction with the State Board of Health in making a bacteriological exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. He little thought at that time that he would in a few years be head of the ~ department that was to supersede the State Board in caring for : the health of the Commonwealth. : During the early nineties he made several communications and 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 presented several papers at the meetings of the Academy, dealing mainly with the development of Bacillus tuberculosis, but including also accounts of Bacillus typhosis and Actinomyces as well as of beri-beri and the bacteriological examination of drinking water. About this time, through his efforts, the Pennsylvania Antitubercu- losis Society made the Academy its meeting place and Dr. Dixon became its Vice-President, thus emphasizing his interest in what was to become one of his greatest achievements. | In 1898 Dr. Dixon was appointed on the Board of Public Education- in Philadelphia and took an active part in improving the hygienic conditions in the city schools. He was Vice-President of the Zodlogical Society of Philadelphia, a Director of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy, trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, Fellow of the College of Physicians, Past President of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and a member of numerous medical and scientific organizations. In 1909 the University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1916 Lafayette College honored him with the degree of Doctor of Science. In a life so fully occupied with duties of his official and executive position as was Dr. Dixon’s there seemed literally no time for recreation. But in the rare moments when he did indulge in holiday trips or in days of rest in the beautiful country place which he had built at Black Rock, near Bryn Mawr, his deep interest in nature asserted itself. He was always quick to notice unusual birds, striking wild flowers or strange insects, and upon his return to the Academy would seek the aid of specialists in determining their identity and learning something of their history, usually adding some original suggestions as a result of his keen powers of observa- tion. Horticulture, too, was a favorite hobby and the Rhododendron thickets and beds of rare plants that he succeeded in establishing at Black Rock Farm were a source of sincere pleasure and gratification to him. | His visits to the famous tuberculosis sanatorium which he had established at Mont Alto were always a great pleasure to him on account of the splendid mountain scenery and the beauty of the more intimate natural surroundings, of which, on his return, he never failed to speak. This love of nature was always in evidence, and from early youth he had delighted in hunting trips with gun and dogs, which led later to moose hunts in Maine and ducking trips to the clubs of the South Atlantic seaboard. But he indulged in such recreation far too little, especially during the later years of his life, 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF seeming to neglect in his own case the care that a was ever er urging upon others to conserve their strength and health. Even before his appointment as Health Commissioner those one were closely associated with Dr. Dixon were aware of the inroads | that constant attention to his business and executive duties were making upon his health, and on several occasions he had suffer . temporary breakdown. His was a nature that must delve it the details of every matter under consideration, to make sure tha there was no possibility of mistake and that nothing had been overlooked. Praiseworthy as is such a practice, probably no consti- tution can stand it indefinitely, and in the work of the Department of Health it reached the limit of human endurance. s Even during his long illness, which began about the end of July as last, Dr. Dixon’s indomitable will continued to assert itself, and for __ a long while he continued to direct the affairs of his department from his sick bed and to consider the more important matters con- nected with the administration of the Academy. As time wens. on, however, he became less and less able to make such effort ar the final rest from his labors came on February 26, 1918. Dixon was married in 1881 to Miss Fanny Gilbert, and she and daughter, Catharine H. Dixon, survive him. : Dr. Dixon had held the office of President of this Academy longed than any other incumbent, with one exception, .having just been elected for his twenty-third term, and no other President had seen, during his administration, such a physical expansion and develop- ment of the institution. These things speak for themselves and bear testimony of his executive ability and his devotion to the Academy. To the country at large his work as Commissioner of Health is his — monument, and he will stand for all time as an example of the — highest ideal of faithful service in public office and as an unselfish — benefactor of the people in his campaign for public health. : To those of us who knew him here in the halls of the Academy, : however, there will always be memories of the personal side of his — relations to the institution and to the staff—his kindliness and sympathy, his interest in the work of every individual, and back of it all that constant desire, ever present, ever conspicuous, to advance the Academy’s interests and to meet its needs as he saw them; a service, like that rendered as Commissioner of Health, which brought greater benefits to others than it did to himself. 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 DOCTOR DIXON’S WORK IN SANITARY SCIENCE. BY B. FRANKLIN ROYER, M.D. Acting Commissioner of Health, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The foundation of SamuEL Gipson Drxon’s unprecedented accom-- plishments in sanitary science was laid the day he took up the study of law in the offices of his brother, Edwin Saunders Dixon; and the erection of the superstructure began with his matriculation in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. It was probably because of his scientific bent of mind and his interest in chemistry and in physiological processes, in good part brought about by a break in health and search for recovery in 1881, that he- gave up law and studied medicine. So far as his intimate friends in the medical class of 1886 know, he did not, as a student, give any indication, either that he was especially qualifying for or antici-. pating a career in preventive medicine. While a student, however, | he did show unusual interest in chemistry and in the scientific side of physiology and before the completion of his course he had received. an appointment from the University Trustees as Assistant Demon- strator in Physiology, the main chair being so ably filled by the late: Harrison Allen. Throughout his life Dr. Dixon repeatedly referred to this pleasant association and'to the stimulation for research work. given him by his early master in physiology. The major Medical Faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. during the years when Dr. Dixon was a student (1882-1886) included. a number of intellectual giants. The Professors in 1885 and 1886 as. listed in the annual catalogue of the School of Medicine were as follows:: ALFRED Stitit£, M.D., LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine. Harrison ALLEN, M.D., Emeritus Professor Of Physiology. JoserpH Leipy, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Anatomy. Ricuarp A. F. Penrose, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. D. Hayes AGNew, M.D., LL.D., John Rea Barton Professor of Surgery and Professor of Clinical Surgery. Witu1aM Pepper, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and Professor of Clinical Medicine. Witu1aM GoopE.t, M.D., Professor of Clinical Gynecology. ccc: een, M.D., Professor of General Pathology and Morbid’ natomy. Horatio C. Woop, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Materia Medica,, Pharmacy and General Therapeutics. THEopore G. Wormuey, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Chemistry and: Toxicology. Joun AsHnurst, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgery. Witu14M Oster, M.D., Professor of Clinical Medicine. : eM ay Bites)” 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF The influence of such a remarkable group of America’s greate medical teachers undoubtedly molded the mind destined to cha so original a course along new public health lines later i in life. — Graduating with honor in 1886. at the : F e eaalaese for Europe, the prostrating illness not hei defi diagnosed until Queenstown was reached. Here under ‘the prilliant Dr. Horatio C. Wood, Dr. Dixon won the battle ¢ ‘what his physicians thought would be a fatal illness. Th the learned Sir Lauder Brunton, influenced the young 1 to study the then infant branch of hygiene—a bran 10 | that time receiving its greatest impetus on the conti nt of 1 particularly in Germany. After a prolonged holiday in Europe and complete pee +o health, Dr. Dixon returned to Philadelphia in 1888 and medical school year was appointed Dean of the Auxiliary Depart- ment of Medicine. Dr. Dixon, while holding this Chair, established the first laboratory of hygiene in the University of ro and one of the first on the American continent. In 1889, several months’ study in Europe, undertaken wi resolution to perfect himself to teach the science of bacteriolos brought him under the tutorship of Cruikshank, the celebrated bacte- -riologist in King’s College, London, and gave opportunity for taking a special course in bacteriology under Professor Klein of the College of State Medicine in London. It was while a student under Klein that Dixon made a notable observation, one by which he will perians be best remembered as a scientific investigator. | As he sat on his stool in Klein’s laboratory, looking throhels . the microscope and carefully searching a well stained slide prepara- tion made from a culture of tubercle bacilli, he made the observation — that certain of these organisms were club shaped and others appar-— 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 129 ently had little shoots or branches. Dr. Dixon was very fond of telling of the skepticism in the minds of the other students of this laboratory, and perhaps even in the thought of open minded Klein himself, when they were permitted to look at the branched forms in this microscopic field. Some said the organisms were lying across each other, or that the end of one bacillus projected against the side of another; but Klein said, ‘“‘Dixon, if this branching is true, you have made a great scientific discovery.”” He repeated his work, he checked his technique, he wrote a splendid little paper and illustrated it with a drawing which he made himself, showing the new form. That little paper and that small illustration prepared by the youth in research work attracted the attention of the scientific world and fixed a reputation in science. This brilliant observation in all probability led him into further research in tuberculosis, but in order to still better equip himself as a teacher of hygiene, he did not return to his Chair without having studied with the most noted hygienist of that time, Petten- kofer of Munich. It was in 1889, while studying in the Laboratory of Hygiene, Munich, so far as we know, that he undertook his first studies in purifying large water supplies and the purification of sewage. On his return to Philadelphia, late in 1889, he was made Professor of Sanitary Engineering in the University of Pennsylvania, and in October, 1889, we find him publishing a paper on the Treatment of Sewage in London. An opportunity has not been had to review the notes of his lectures given during this school year, but those who had the privilege of listening to his instruction, and who are in a position to contrast this instruction with the practices established under his supervision in the State Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, see worked out in practical detail what was then considered imaginative and by some medical men almost impracticable and visionary. In 1890, Dr. Dixon gave up his association with the University of Pennsylvania to become Professor of Bacteriology and Micro- scopic Technology in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, going there solely in the capacity of a scientific worker. Here he was stimulated by the great Leidy. During his last college teaching year—to be exact, the 19th of October, 1889—the second event in the unusual career of this unusual man occurred. This date is an important one in the career of a to whom we pay tribute tonight. In the experimental 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF research work undertaken by Dr. Dino he Poca that ‘es intro- _ ducing old cultures of tubercle bacilli into lower animals a certain. degree of immunity was produced, and the pub Medical News of Philadelphia on the abo more than six months a similar announcement anc similar work—that of the celebrated Koch of German announced somewhat reluctantly that a substance could be duced that would prevent the growth of the tuthervle bacillus i in th human system. ‘5 Following Koch’s announcement, Dr. Dixon, with authority from American scientific and medical institutions, visited Europe, inte viewed Koch, Virchow, DuBois-Raymond, and many others. At this time he had the privilege of admission to Koch’s own labora- tory. Europe and America were seething with public interest in — tuberculosis. Koch’s work, as discoverer of the tubercle bacillus — and his later work backed by governmental agencies controlling — Germany’s laboratories, resulted in robbing Dr. Dixon for a long: time of that credit of being the first to produce immuni ) should have been given him. In recent years America of tuberculosis have given this credit to Dr. Dixon and to America. i During the latter part of 1890, while working in his labpreiaee in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Dr. Dixon developed a tubercle bacillus extract that produces in the lower animals and in human beings that same stimulation toward cure in certain types of the disease that has been found by Trudeau, and other students of pulmonary lesions, to be brought about by the various forms of tuberculin. Later, this*same preparation was found by surgeons to be effective in the treatment of certain glandular and genito- urinary types of tuberculosis and ophthalmologists found it equall : helpful in the treatment of ocular types. me Dr. Dixon’s indefatigable energy and originality were no donuts Be responsible for his selection in 1892 as Executive Curator in the Academy of Natural Sciences, and it is perhaps here and as Curator, that he developed genius for ocular teaching. This experience as — Curator, together with his training in hygiene, led to his appointment _ as a.member of the Board of Public Education in 1898. During the _ greater part of the six year period in the Board of Public Education ay Dr. Dixon was Chairman of the Committee on Hygiene. It was — during this time that the active campaign was conducted for furnishing public school children of the city of Philadelphia with pure drinking 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 131 water. The city water supply at this time was unfiltered, the domestic household supply usually being purified by boiling. Filters were installed. In 1902 the Committee on Hygiene began volunteer medical inspection of the Public School children in Philadelphia, the first place in Pennsylvania to undertake such work. It was while working in his capacity on the Committee on Hygiene that the genius of the man of science stimulated the completion of plans and models (practically invented) for scientific construction of outlets from wash-basins, sinks, and bath-tubs. An illustrated bulletin by the Commissioner of Health as late as May, 1914, shows how actively his interest in such devices continued throughout his busy career as a public health administrator. As early as 1890 in the annual oration on hygiene before the Pennsylvania State Medical Society in convention at Williamsport, Dr. Dixon gave evidence of public health foresight by visualizing the future work of a State Health organization. In this address, which was later in good part repeated before the State Board of Health of Pennsylvania on Friday evening, May 15, 1891, Dr. Dixon practically forecast the work of a great State Department of Health. Its development came fourteen years later. In that address Dr. Dixon was consistent with his work in later life in that he outlined ideal precautions for protection against tuberculosis, and even suggested a Cabinet Minister of Health to be as useful as a Cabinet Minister of -Aeneulture for essential national organization. Dr. Dixon’s foundations for administrative work in sanitary science were well and deeply laid in the twenty-two year interval between the time he gave up law to study medicine and during the period of his teaching and research work. When the invitation came to him from Governor Pennypacker in June, 1905, to organize the State Department of Health, provided for by the three Acts of the Legislature of that year, he came to the work with foundation training in science and big business such as no other man in America had. Dr. Dixon had nothing whatever to do with the drafting of the legislation or securing its adoption. In his pursuit of knowledge of preventive medicine, so far as is known, he had not done so with any thought of accepting an executive position such as was offered him by the Governor. The laws creating the Department were drafted by Dr. Charles B. Penrose and it was almost wholly due to the skill, patience and devotion of Dr. Penrose to a subject in which he had become intensely interested while serving as a member 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY. oF of the Board of Health in Philadelphia that the laws were pian drafted and their approval secured, ! In the selection of Dr. Dixon to- be the first. Commissioner of. Health in Pennsylvania, Governor. ronan $ biography may be quoted: “The session of the Legislature ended on the 13th day at Ag ment of Health had been created, to which had been given very great and power which extended to the person of the individual citizen and even be regarded as an infringement of his personal liberty. The value ¢ permanence of the legislation would depend upon the manner in which the department would be organized. It was at first suggested to me that it shou be placed in charge of Dr..................... but that thought I instantly dismisse I then had an interview with Dr. Charles B. Penrose, who had been very m ch interested in the matter, and he named to me a gentleman connected with on of the schools in the Western part of the State. I had a talk with this gent man, but was still not satisfied. Then Dr. Penrose told me he thought ] Samuel G. Dixon, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, would be willing to undertake the task. That suggestion suited me exactly. Dixon consented and I made the appointment. Under his direction it has come to be > accepted as the most important and efficient organization for this line of work in the United States. There is good ground for hope that many of the inflammatory diseases due to specific poisons, such as typhoid fever, poe : diphtheria “and tuberculosis, may be in time stamped out of existence. gare Dr. Dixon was commissioned by Governor Pennypai 6th day of June, 1905, and from that day until the day of his de devoted the greater part of each hour that he was awake to ‘the organization and administration of the State Department of Heal h. The organization was successful almost immediately for the reason that every new step taken by the Department was carefully though out before being projected, and because the public were fully taken | into the confidence of the Commissioner prior to his enforcing any e new plan of procedure. ; Knowing the common. interpretation that the wielding of culling . authority extending to the person of an individual citizen for the purpose of protecting all might be regarded as an infringement « personal liberty, Dr. Dixon from the beginning tried to change this general acceptance of the public and to make Pennsylvanians see — that in civilized life many primitive and individual liberties must — be given up to insure the benefits to be had by public health protee- Fe tion. From the very beginning of the State Department of Health — the central thought in its educational work was “how may we get — close to the people, and how may we make them see public health | problems from the viewpoint of benefits to be obtained.”” Dr. Dixon’s — preachment, ‘‘Pennsylvania’s citizens want to be kept well and in — good health and are willing to submit to inconveniences if we only — show them what to do”—these and similar slogans reached re-— 1918.] . NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 133 sponsive chords. Pennsylvania liked this new way of being taken into the confidence of an executive. It is not possible to faithfully treat of Dr. Dixon’s work in sanitary science without speaking in some detail of the great public health organization built by him during the last twelve and a half years of his life. It will likely stand as the greatest monument to his memory. The law creating the Department of Health centralized the authority in the hands of a single executive, giving him greater power than was given to any other officer of the Commonwealth, save the Governor, and perhaps greater authority than is granted any similar official in America. With all of this authority in the hands of a man known to be ruggedly honest and gentle as a woman, the public had no fear of usurpation of the unusual authority placed in his hands, and during all the period that he was Commissioner of Health many of the unusual powers that might be needed in case of great emergency were never even given trial. The first organization undertaken was that of the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Under Dr. Dixon’s supervision this bureau was so well planned that before it had been in operation a full year the Federal Census Office credited Pennsylvania with having a better organized agency for gathering vital statistics than any other State in the Union. This bureau consists of a central office under the supervision of the State Registrar and more than 1,100 Local Registrars—one for each civil unit in the State, each Local Registrar having a deputy. The second division of the Department’s organization taken up by Dr. Dixon was that of Medical Inspection. Before this division _ had been in operation a year it was found that all previous plans for public health organization in the civil sub-divisions known as second class townships were inoperative, and that in many of the small boroughs similar inaction was seen. For the first two years the Division of Medical Inspection was largely engaged in handling epidemics too extensive for local health organizations to cope with, and in helping lame health organiza- tions to form working bodies. In 1907, however, all second class townships were formed into 720 sanitary districts, and it was suggested to the Legislature that the law providing for school boards to act as Boards of Health therein be repealed. The advice was followed and at once the 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, Department assumed entire executive supervision over public health matters in a population of more than two million souls. In all of the countryside, as well as in small boroughs, details were worked out for handling quarantine just as it is done in our large cities. It is fair at this time to say that a great deal of the reduction in sickness from communicable diseases in our larger centers of | population is due to establishing proper regulations in the unorganised ree country villages and on farmsteads, such points prior to that time often feeding infection through food supplies or by visits into the larger centers of population. The third great division of the Department’s organization taken — up was that of Sanitary Engineering. One of the Acts upon which the Department is based provided for the prevention of pollution — of streams, and Department measures had to be perfected for — approving, according to the Act, the plans for all water works and sewage treatment plants. Studies had to be made looking toward the requiring of many cities to build sewage -purification | works so that municipalities down stream might not be continuously poisoned by filth entering from the neighboring city above. i li, The amount of work required to supervise and intellipenti@ Sica approve the hundreds of plans brought before the Commissioner ? in this period of time was in itself almost a full task for one well trained sanitarian. For every set of plans that came before the Commissioner of Health completed and safe for approval in all details, two sets of plans required rejection in some particular, and a goodly number during the early days of the Department required rejection in toto. The Division of Laboiitiohas was organized as soon as the other divisions were well-planned, the organization being made with a ‘ threefold purpose in view: a First, to afford doctors in the Commonwealth remote from % instruments of precision opportunity to study their cases in a scientific way and to apply modern methods of treatment. Second, to properly check the operation of water filtration and sewage purification plants and to codrdinate the engineering studies with end results. : Third, with the purpose of undertaking such research work as might be advisable. . Division of Distribution of Biological Products.—Early in the history of the Department plans were made for averting the need- less sacrifice of life to the ravages of diphtheria. The Attorney asc RS » i J ; f Sy TAA : . f + te 4i Pus tar aaivn § ad F: ad eL ee Te Sena Weer " aE’ 5¢ mt é US ee sae 7 3 Seem NSS tog Waar TAS RS - ie x : my ead 77 nee. 2: t at tayo vid oe CaS, |" 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 135 General ruled that the appropriation items were so liberal in their wording that the purchasing of diphtheria antitoxin would be per- - missible. Stations were established in all populous centers in the Commonwealth and antitoxin was placed within the reach of all Pennsylvania doctors for use in treating the poor. Divisions of Accounting and Purchasing and Supplies. —From the very beginning of the Department’s organization up to the present time systematic keeping and auditing of accounts, and purchasing and distribution of supplies were carried out with pre- cision creditable to a large business concern. ‘Two divisions were devoted to this portion of the Department’s business and work, thus giving the executives of the other divisions all of their time for essential public health details. _$o firmly had the organization worked out in 1905 been estab- lished by 1907, that when the Legislature of that year came to fulfill the campaign pledges of both great political organizations to support an anti-tuberculosis campaign, they deliberately voted $1,000,000 to the Department of Health to start the work. This was done so that the organization incident to the conducting of a chain of dispensaries and the building of tuberculosis sanatoria for the poor might.be worked out along the same lines followed in the organization of the new Health Department. . To properly undertake this new line of work, two new divisions were organized —one of Tuberculosis Sanatoria and the other of Dispensaries. This tuberculosis work lay nearest Dr. Dixon’s heart and into its organization he put the best that was in him. Twenty-three hundred free beds in three great sanatoria in the Pennsylvania mountains, and one hundred and fifteen dispensaries, each with its quota of physicians and nurses, followed. The work of these various divisions was extended and broadened from time to time, each division taking on its new load as directed by the Commissioner. Year after year elapsed, Dr. Dixon being appointed by Governor after Governor, and from time to time the Legislature broadened and made heavier the load by providing additional lines of work and liberal funds for its execution. In 1915 a Bureau of Housing was created. An organization had to be planned to direct work over the entire State with the exception of first class cities, working for the most part through local health organizations in boroughs, second and third class cities. The Bureau was planned to improve living conditions of the poor, and especially to improve sanitary conditions as affecting the lives and health of infants and children and of workers. of Dr. Dixon’s life three additional divisions were , First, a Division for the control of the sale of f narcotics by a ern Act of 1917. subjected during the high tension period of the war. Third, a Division for the Treatment of Venereal Diseases, ‘A within reach of the poor those speni Bow which, when seicbieey applied, ie might lessen the chances of visitation unto me second and third | tion of vital importance to the public. The woke: of aa | information arriving in the segerhedes office was enormous, and the codrdinating, digesting, abstracting and reflecting back ve t public all those essential details helpful in keeping the public fully | informed as to results obtained in making them see that the prom- ises held forth at the time of launching any new line es ibe we being kept. . was made to gratify political ambition or to catiaty Golitioal recom: mendation. It very often happened, later in the executive work Dr. Dixon, that the prominent political leader, who felt hurt that k insistent rechnanbadatie could not be complied with, was big enoug and broad enough to later come back to Dr. Dixon and say, “I felt — at the time you refused my request that you were making a mis- a take in taking the attitude you did concerning the health organi- iy 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 137 gation. I am convinced, however, that you are right and am glad to tell you so.”’ During the time that has elapsed: since the organization of the Department was fairly well launched in 1906 until the end of 1917, 2,640,000 birth certificates, 1,500,000 death certificates, and 840,000 marriage certificates have been received, catalogued, bound, filed and stored .in fireproof vaults of the State Capitol, where they are available for all legal and statistical purposes. Two hundred thousand persons have been quarantined in rural districts for the various communicable diseases, with subsequent sanitary cleansing and disinfection of premises, and breaking the con- tinuous chain of infection leading from farmstead to town and city and back again to farm. One hundred and twenty thousand dairy farm inspections have been made, and 2,500,000 school children in fourth class district schools have been examined with recommenda- tions to parent or guardian for correcting defects. Two hundred and eighty-four plans for water works and sewage treatment plants have been filed, studied and approved. 2,274 de- crees have been issued requiring the installation of sewage works and water works, and 150 separate pollutions have been removed from streams. One hundred and seven thousand three hundred and sixty-three patients have been treated at the tuberculosis dispensaries. 1,250,- 348 visits have been made to the homes of these patients for the purpose of giving practical teaching and sanitary instruction. Nearly 30,000 poor patients have been treated and educated at the Depart- ment’s tuberculosis sanatoria. The amount of work done in the Division of Laboratories for physicians of the Commonwealth was enormous, more than 20,000 Specimens being examined monthly and scientific reports made to the family doctor. Since the distribution of antitoxin was begun in 1905 until the end of the last statistical year 300,000 packages of diphtheria anti- toxin were distributed free to the poor, 2,000 persons have been immunized against tetanus; nearly 50,000 against smallpox; and large numbers of persons were immunized against typhoid fever. During the twelve and three quarter years’ period when Dr. Dixon was Commissioner of Health in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania there ‘as appropriated to his Department and expended in the promotion of public health, including the treating of the tuberculous sick, more than twenty million dollars of State 138 PROCEEDINGS. funds, and yet no criticism oft 3 During this period in his official : he Sane activities ex declined to 14.7. This eticatee a saving of 120, 266 iv Conrtncneren i: the Pemieciranis State Medical Sonity: see eleven years - enfore- ing police law (and sometimes in a drastic way against medical men elected him to its highest office. He passed away while ser President of Ane Society. His death was ome most Dr. Conxuin.—The addresses to which we ce just 1 stent have revealed to us a man of unusual ability and achieve who has left upon his city, State and ee an sndicie a impressic n “Si monumentum quaeris, circumspice.’’ He died too soon, in- the thick of work, in the midst of public service. Now he rests from his labors and his works do Lanes him. Penge to me, — honor to his TEMOKY, 4 ies ay - 2 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 139 ON THE GENERIC POSITION OF SONORELLA WOLCOTTIANA BARTSCH. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Sonorella wolcottiana, described from Palm Springs, a health resort at the foot of the San Jacinto Mountains, not far from the Southern Pacific Railroad, has been known hitherto by the original specimens collected by Mrs. H. T. Wolcott in 1903 and by a small series taken by Messrs. Morgan Hebard and J. A. G. Rehn in 1910.- Unfortu- nately, all of these were dead shells. From the close correspondence of the shell to the Sonorellas of Arizona and New Mexico, the species was naturally referred to that genus. The receipt of living speci- mens taken early in March by Dr. Emmet Rixford of San Francisco, enables me to transfer it to the genus Micrarionta, chiefly known by coast Helices, such as facta, gabbi, kelleti, stearnsiana, etc. It appears that a group of this genus has been adapted to the arid interior, where they have assumed the appearance of the desert group Sonorella. Fig. 1.—Genitalia of M terarionta wolcottiana. In the right figure another view — of the 9 organs. d, Diverticulum of the spermathecal duct; ds, dart sack; fi, flagellum, g, mucous glands; ov, oviduct; p, penis; pr, retractor of the penis; sp, duct of the spermatheca. The mucous glands are shaded to show their forms more distinctly. The reproductive organs are illustrated for comparison with Son- orella and other Micrariontas. It will be seen that on each side of the 11 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ‘ base of the dart sack, the duct of a u ascends and expands into a bulb, then is itself, descending, becoming flatte in gland adhering to the vagina. glands and their ducts are shaded in ‘the genus, one of the mucous glands rises high over the « other being lower, and concealed behind the dart sack hand figure. The tia has an sss | 1m, raathoos and. octets were bon off. Lense ei penis... i ashen. . OF oe RR ee Se ails aa. ‘“ ‘ vagina...... ee dart ey 2 ack a para J acinto Mountain’ and had oppertue: to. Bes a e found only the one variety and no other shells except a sm which I take to be a common sida of the West Coast. I have not been able to identify. shells, it must be very numerous in that region, but because t rained shortly before my visit the live shells were much scatt Peace having left their summer quarters. On the under surfaces of rocks _ I found markings of large colonies. In this region the rainfall is — only an inch or so a year and the summer temperature much abo t: 100 F. The rocks are granitic.” ee 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 141 A NEW CHARACIN FROM PARAGUAY. BY HENRY W. FOWLER. Recently the Academy received a small collection from Senor A. De W. Bertoni, secured at Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. As this contains several interesting fishes: Otocinclus vittatus Regan, Parodon paraguayensis Kigenmann, Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel) and the Characin belonging to the Tetragonopterinae described below, this note has been prepared. The Academy is indebted to Senor Bertoni for these interesting gifts to its Museum. BERTONIOLUS gen. nov. Type, Bertoniolus paraguayensis sp. nov. -Preventral region evenly convex. Maxillary slips below preorbital or only about half its upper edge shielded. Upper teeth 5 each side in inner row as in Moenkhausia, and outer series in row parallel. Mandibular teeth uniserial. Upper lip covers premaxillary teeth. Gill-rakers lanceolate. All scalescycloid. Predorsal scales uniform in size. Preventral with normal scales. Anal with rather broad basal scaly sheath its entire length. Caudal base covered with large scales. Lateral line complete, slightly decurved, parallel with rows of scales below. 3 Allied to Moenkhausia Eigenmann and Markiana Eigenmann. From the former it is distinguished by the second suborbital in contact with the preopercle below, a point in agreement with Knodus. It differs from Knodus in the 5 teeth each side in the inner upper row, a character in agreement with Moenkhausia. Markiana Eigenmann somewhat resembles it, but the anal is more scaly and its unequal short lobed caudal is quite different. In Bryconamericus the caudal scales are small, not large as in this genus. One species in the Parama basin. (For Senor A. De W. Bertoni, the accomplished naturalist of Peurto Bertoni, Paraguay.) Bertoniolus paraguayensis sp. nov. Head 3%; depth 23; D. 1, 9; A. 11, 27; P.1, 11; V.1,.7; scales 43 in |. 1. to caudal base and 3 more on latter; 9 scales above 1. 1. and 10 below; about 17 predorsal scales; head width 2 in its length; head depth over eye center 132; snout 34; eye 3}; maxillary 2%; interorbital Gy 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF e pest 22: first branched dorsal ray 1; first branched anal ray at: ; pectoral 15; depth of caudal peduncle 24; upper caudal lobe 1, ventral 13. eat ae ieee Body elongately ovoid in contour, deepest at do1 profile more evenly convex in front than upper Predorsal with very slight median ridge, — otherv convex. Caudal peduncle compressed, about long as deep. — Head moderate, upper profile slightly concave and lower little more inclined and convex. Snout convex, short, length half its width. Eye rounded, hind pupil edge little before center in slightly enlarged. Apparently no maxillary teeth. Inner buccal folds thin, moderate. Maxillary slender, slightly oblique from — vertical, extends little below eye, and expansion about 3 in eye. — Tongue with free edges, elongate, smooth. Mandible moderatel deep or rami little elevated in mouth. Nostrils together, close to upper front eye edge. Interorbital convex. Suborbitals broad, and lowest infraorbital entirely covers cheek. Preopercle edge entire. Suborbitals and opercle each with marginal obsolete strize. os 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 143 Gill-opening forward to front eye edge. Rakers 10 + 16, lanceo- late, slender, about 2 of filaments, and latter 2 in eye. Pseudo- branchize about half of gill-filaments. Isthmus slender. Seales cycloid, rather narrowly imbricated, in lengthwise rows parallel with |. 1. and become slightly smaller along ventral edge. Caudal with broad basal scaly area, also whole basal extent of anal. L. 1. complete, slightly decurved, and each scale with short tube, exposure about half of each scale exposure. Ventral with scaly axillary flap about 4 length of fin. | Dorsal origin. about midway between snout tip and hind edge of adipose fin, first branched ray longest and depressed fin half way to caudal base. Origin of adipose fin little nearer depressed dorsal tip than caudal base, adipose fin about long as eye. Anal with long base, first branched ray highest and fin edge nearly straight, so anal origin nearly opposite hind dorsal edge or about midway between hind preopercle edge and caudal base. Caudal well forked, pointed lobes similar, with lower slightly longer. Pectoral low, reaches slightly beyond ventral origin though not quite to that of dorsal. Ventral inserted nearer anal than pectoral origin, fin _ reaching latter. Vent close before anal. Color in alcohol faded dull brownish generally, though back slightly darker than other regions. A pale sheen, as if silvery in life, along middle of side, though narrowing on caudal peduncle side where giving place to slight dusky tint and then continued out on caudal medianly to hind edge as blackish streak. Iris pale slaty. Black ellipsoid spot, little smaller than eye, at shoulder. Dorsal slightly tinged with dusky, and fins otherwise pale. Length 97 mm. Type No. 47, 686, A. N.S. P. Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Senor A. De W. Bertoni. Only the type known, quite distinct from the allied species of Bryconamericus and Markiana, etc. The dentition, shown to the left below in the accompanying figure, is enlarged a little over twice that of the indicated line of proportion for the profile drawing. 144 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, ON A COLLECTION OF ORTHOPTERA FROM THE STATE OF PARA, BRAZIL. BY JAMES A. G. REHN. The present study is based on material collected at two localities in the State of Pard, and all of which is now in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The localities represented are Igarapé-assii and the vicinity of the city of Para. The former locality is about one hundred and twenty miles east of the city of Pard, off the main line of the railroad between Parad and Brangan¢ga and in primaeval forest conditions. The material - from this locality was secured by Mr. H. 8. Parish of Toronto, Canada, while that from the vicinity of Pard was taken by Prof. C. F. Baker, while attached to the Museu Goéldi at Parg. Portions of both series have already been recorded by the present author in connection with studies of other series of Brazilian material,’ a total of forty-eight previously known and seven new species having been reported from the series now completely studied. These figures | are not included in the totals here given. In the present paper are discussed one hundred and nine species, representing seventy-one genera, of which twenty-two species and two genera are described as new. The number of specimens represented is four hundred and twenty-one. DERMAPTERA. FORFICULIDA. Doru lineare (Eschscholtz). : 1822. Forficula linearis Eschscholtz, Entomogr., p. 81. [Santa Catharina, Brazil.] Igarapé-asst. One female. ORTHOPTERA. BLATTIDA. Ectobiinee. Anaplecta replicata Saussure and Zehntner. 1893. Anaplecta replicata Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. aa -Amer., Orth., I, p. 25, pl. IV, fig. 12. -[Pernambuco, Brazil.] 1 The general features of this region have been entertainingly described by Dr. Emilie Snethlage, Director of the Museu Goéldi, in a recent number of the Geo- graphical Review (IV, pp. 41 to 50, 1917). 2 The Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911, J. C. Branner, Director. Dermap- tera and Orthoptera I. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soe., XLII, pp. 215 to 308, (1916). The Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911, J. C. Branner, Director. Orthoptera II. Ibid., XLIII, pp. 89 to 154, (1917). SST ance a at Pee Ge ge ee, et } BOE ee Sa eae ORM or eee eee <¥ 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 145 Igarapé-assi. Three males. These specimens fully agree with the description of the species. The status of three unquestionably related forms, i. e. lateralis Burmeister, minutissima (DeGeer)? and pumila (Stal), we are compelled to leave in abeyance for the present, although it is quite probable that one at least is the same as the present species. The original descriptions are so brief that little other than the general relationship of the species can be ascertained from them, and the desired more detailed information can only be gleaned from the types or topotypic material. Anaplecta bivittata Brunner. 1865. A[naplecta] bivittata Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 63. [Brazil.] _Igarapé-assi. One male. This specimen shows some points of difference from the original description, but it is apparently the same species. The head is not. wholly rust color, as described, the interocular region of the vertex being blackish brown, while the tegminal maculation does not reach the costal margin of the same, but does, however, border the humeral trunk to the distal squarely truncate margin of the maculation. This is apparently the first definite locality for the species. Pseudomopine. Pseudomops annulicornis (Burmeister). 1838. Th[yrsocera] annulicornis Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. II, pt. 1, p. 500. [Bahia, Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. Two males, four females. These specimens fully agree with the description of Walker’s Pseudomops deceptura from an unknown locality, which is considered a synonym of Burmeister’s species by Shelford. The original description of annulicornis is extremely brief, so little can be learned ’ We cannot agree with Shelford in his placing this species as a Holocompsa (Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1908, p. 464) from the evidence of the alleged type. The description and figure given by DeGeer are undoubtedly of an Anaplecta and it is not at all difficult. to see which species are its closest relatives. It seems evident that Shelford did not see the material on which DeGeer based his species and ad interim the Holocompsa specimen was probably by accident associated with DeGeer’s label. DeGeer’s original description says of the insect: ‘‘Sa couleur est d’un brun noiratre et trés luisant; c’est aussi la couleur de la plaque du corce- let, qui est arrondie, mais dont les deux bords latéraux sont blanes & trés trans- parents.’’ This would clearly apply to an Anaplecta of the present group and certain other characters mentioned, as the folding of the wings, make the identifi- cation even stronger. The redescription of the ‘‘type” by Shelford presents the following features comparable to those quoted above from DeGeer: ‘‘Head........ in with rufous pubescence. Pronotum fuscous with a recumbent rufous pubescence. Tegmina with marginal area with rufous pubescence.” Further comment seems unnecessary. 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF —_ [[May, from it. In all of the specimens the head, the two distal joints of the palpi, the extremities of the femora and tibiz and the tarsi are black or blackish. In no case is the usual dark transverse arcuate bar of the pronotal disk strongly marked. | The only previous records of the species are from Bahia (Bur- meister), Par&4é (Rehn) and Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, interior Brazil (Rehn). Pseudomops affinis (Burmeister). 1838. Thlyrsocera] affinis Batteisted, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. II, pt. 1, p. 499. [Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. Two females. December, 1911 (one). [One; Cornell University.] Para and Surinam are the only localities from which the species was previously known. Pseudomops angusta Walker. 1868. Pseudomops angusta Walker, Catal. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 81. [San- tarem, Brazil.] Igarapé-assti. One female. As in material already recorded hee us,* his specimen differs from the original description in the palpi being entirely black, the femora blackish dorsad and the -cerci almost entirely black. Ischnoptera crispula n.sp. (Pl. I, figs. 1-4.) A species showing certain affinities with the inca group on one hand and with the marginata, castanea-rubiginosa group on the other. It is apparently allied to I. hebes Walker,® from Santarem, Brazil, agreeing in the general form, the small size, the widely separated eyes, the setose antennex, the thinly pilose pronotum and tegmina and most of the color features, but differing in the limbs being in large part fuscous instead of “pale testaceous,” in the abdomen having the fourth ventral segment uniformly dark with remainder of the same surface of the abdomen, instead of “tawny” as in hebes, while the tegmina have the marginal field, and to a lesser degree the __ costal margin of the tegmina, pale ochraceous and sharply contrasted with the remainder of the tegmina. The genital features of the present species are quite distinctive. We are able to give only color differences to separate the species, as all the structural features mentioned by Walker for hebes are shared by the present species, but our experience with the species of this section of the genus indicates that beyond certain permissible fluctuations color features are well fixed. An ‘ Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 224, (1916). 5 Catal. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 122, (1868). : : ” : ~ ‘ ! ‘ : , Kes : / SSR bs: Py Mercke | na } : i ; 25 ea Bin Sai BT ee tea Ane GIN Rs 2. a j apa io i Ree at oi ot oa bes Dede Peres p Vii Fai OT) EE ACUTE fee eee ae ema PEN LM Soe SE RR ee oe OT Erne ee een, ae ee eee ee ene e vues - 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 147 examination of the original material of hebes will, in all probability, show the older species possesses characteristic genital features. Type: o; Pard, State of Pard, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5316.) Size very small: form moderately depressed: surface moderately polished, of the head, pronotum, tegmina and limbs with sparse, but distinct, erect hairs. Head for its full width visible cephalad of the pronotum, the outline of the eyes and occiput regularly arcuate; interspace between the eyes very broad, equal to one and one-half times the depth of the adjacent portion of the eye: ocelli elliptical, oblique in position, the interspace between them subequal to that between the eyes; palpi with the third joint slightly longer than the fourth, fifth appreciably longer than the third and moderately inflated, excavate face obliquely truncate for the greater portion of the length of the joint: antennz faintly exceeding the body in length, rather sparsely but regularly setose. Pronotum subtrapez- oid in outline, the greatest width, which is distinctly caudad of the middle, contained one and one-half times in the greatest length of the same; cephalic margin moderately arcuate, rounding into the but weakly arcuate, diverging lateral margins, caudo-lateral angles well rounded, caudal margin moderately arcuate, all the margins dis- — _tinectly though narrowly cingulate: in transverse section the disk is flattened dorsad and distinctly and roundly declivent laterad; sur- face unimpressed. Tegmina lanceolate-elliptical, the greatest width contained slightly more than three times in the greatest length of the tegmen, distal section surpassing apex of abdomen by nearly the dorsal length of the pronotum: costal margin moderately arcuate proximad and distad; sutural margin in greater portion straight, distad regularly arcuate to the broad and well rounded apex, which is more costal in position: marginal field relatively narrow and abbrevi- _ ate; anal field elongate pyriform, reaching to two-fifths the length of the tegmen: discoidal vein with sixteen costal rami, several of the distal ones of which are bifurcate; median vein with four rami (made up by bifurcation of two main rami); ulnar vein with three to four rami, the number of both median and ulnar rami very difficult to determine owing to the anastomosing of the veins in the proximal portion of the discoidal field; anal sulcus regularly arcuate in proxi- mal half, straighter distad except for the short distal arcuation near the junction with the sutural margin; axillary veins fourteen in number, as the usually weak adventitious veins are equal in strength to the usually ‘more pronounced principal veins. Wings with the 148 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, costal margin straight oblique proximad, very gently arcuate distad, with a faint flattening at the middle of the arcuation: anterior field very broad, broadly rounded distad; intercalated triangle distinct — but small: costal veins eleven in number, in general regularly oblique, simple and non-clavate; medio-discoidal area in general faintly wider than the medio-ulnar area, divided into moderately regular, subquad- rate areole by thirteen cross-veins; median vein simple, direct, un- branched; medio-ulnar area with similar but less numerous and more oblong PR ulnar vein with two complete and seven incomplete rami; axillary vein with two rami. Sixth and seventh dorsal ab- dominal segments with the structure characteristic of Ischnoptera:® supra-anal plate large, semi-ovate, very shallowly arcuato-emarginate mesad; slightly sinuate near the cercal bases, peripheral margin and its vicinity with scattered, erect hairs; ventral surface of the plate with a long dextral, subchitinous tooth, which is directed meso- ventrad: cerci moderately elongate, fusiform, depressed, apex nar- rowly blunted; subgenital plate moderately asymmetrical, sinistral portion of white arcuate-emarginate ventrad of the cercus, mesal portion of plate similar, the area between obliquely sinuato-truncate, the sinistral style situated sinistrad on the same section, dextral side of the plate deeply rectangulate-emarginate, the dextral style situated on the apex of ‘the rounded lobe between the median and dextral . emarginations; styles short, thick, fusiform, unequal, with distal extremity arcuate aciculate; margin of the plate closely haired, dorsal surface of the subgenital plate having at the base of the dextral style a lamellate, suberect, subchitinous process, the free margin of which is unequally bilobate. Cephalic femora armed ventro-cephalad with a typical Ischnoptera spine arrangement.’ : General color blackish brown, the trochanters, ventral earthed of the femora, dorsal surface of the tibize and flecks on the tarsi ochrace- ous-buff. Head with the interocular region faintly reddish; eyes - black; ocelli naples yellow. Pronotum with the margins, except for the median section of the caudal margin, narrowly ferruginous. Tegmina with the marginal field and an evanescent edging of the scapular field light ochraceous buff. Wings infumate. Length of body, 7.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.3; greatest width of pronotum, 3; length of tegmen, 7.6; greatest width of tegmen, 2.4. The type is unique. 6 See Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 339 to 340, pls. XVI and XVII, (1916). 7 See Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 340, pl. XVII, fig. 1, (1916). —1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 Ischnoptera castanea Saussure. (Pl. I, figs. 13, 14.) 1869. I[schnoptera] castanea Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XXI, p. 112. [Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. One male. This specimen fully agrees with the original description, as far as it supplies characters derived from the female sex. As the male genital characters have never been described, the following notes on the same should prove of assistance. Supra-anal plate moderately transverse, the margin broadly arcu- ate, appreciably flattened in the middle and there very weakly bilo- bate, cercal emargination decided, regularly concave, margin between apex and cercal emargination moderately arcuate; surface of plate sub-depressed proximo-laterad, with a distinct, broad, median im- pression on distal half: distal portion of margin very sparsely haired: ventral surface of supra-anal plate with patches of short, agglutinated hairs on the faint lobes of the distal margin, also meso-laterad on the body of the plate, while a distinct, tuberculiform node is situated immediately mesad of the dextral cercus; immediately mesad of the sinistral cercus there projects ventrad a heavy, claw-like process, which is nearly straight and robust in the proximal two-thirds, thence sharply bent mesad and straight acuminate: from immediately ven- trad of the dextral cercus springs an unpaired lamellate, articulate process, a portion of the internal genitalia, the dorsal surface of the same bearing in proximal two-thirds a carinate ridge, the apical sec- tion rotated dorsad and weakly rostrate, bearing five distinct teeth: genital hook slender, bent recurved, the apex slightly flattened. Sub- genital plate faintly asymmetrical, with dextral, sinistral and median emarginations, between which are short, truncate projections of the margin of the plate; sinistral emargination broad, faintly angled mesad; median emargination regular; dextral emargination small but deep and rectangulate; styles unequal in size and development, the sinistral large, straight proximad, acuminate distad, distal half decurved; dextral style smaller, regularly acuminate, decurved; margin of the plate and styles sparsely haired; dorsal surface of the subgenital plate at base of dextral style with an erect, laterad directed, lamellate lobe, bearing at the internal angle of the apex a distinct, dentiform spine. Ischnoptera imparata n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 5-8.) This peculiar species appears to be allied on one hand to J. castanea Saussure, and on the other to J. amazonica Rehn,® but it can be recog- 8 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 225, (1916). 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, © nized at once by its distinctive form, with tegmina not surpassing the apex of the abdomen, and the type of the male genitalia. Type: o; Parad, State of Par, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) cies. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5317.) Size very small: form elongate elliptical; surface moderately polished, sparsely pilose, more heavily so on the limbs. Head ex- posed cephalad of the pronotum for the greater portion of its width; interspace between the eyes moderately broad, very faintly less than that between the ocelli, which latter are ovate: antennz one and one- half times as long as the body, closely moniliform, proximal joint faintly shorter than the interspace between the eyes: palpi with the third joint simple, the fourth elongate funnel-shaped, slightly shorter than the third joint, fifth joint moderately inflated, greatest depth at proximal third. Pronotum weakly transverse, the greatest length contained one and one-third times in the greatest width and the © latter placed faintly caudad of the middle, general form subtrapezoid; cephalic margin broadly subtruncate, rounding laterad into the lateral margins, which are moderately diverging caudad, faintly arcuate on cephalic two-thirds, thence sharply arcuate to the obtuse caudo- lateral angles; caudal margin arcuato-truncate: disk moderately deplanate, with distinct diverging sulci; narrow lateral portions distinctly deflexed. Tegmina surpassing the apex of the abdomen by less than the length of the pronotum, lanceolate: costal margin moderately arcuate proximad, thence nearly straight to the narrowly — rounded apex, which is costal in position; sutural margin straight, except for a short proximal section and distad rounding into the strongly oblique, arcuato-truncate, distal margin: marginal field very narrow, in length nearly equal to two-fifths of the entire tegmen: | anal field elongate pyriform, in length equal to about one-half of the tegminal length: costal veins fourteen to fifteen in number; discoidal sectors longitudinal, six in number, with distinct, longitudinal, inter- calated nervures and regularly placed transverse nervures, which form rectangulate interspaces; anal sulcus sharply curved distad and joining the sutural margin at a right angle; axillary veins closely placed, with regular intercalated and cross nervures, their structure merged to such an extent that a count is not warranted. Wings falling slightly short of the apex of the tegmina when in repose, great- — est width contained one and two-thirds times in greatest length: costal margin regularly arcuate; apex broadly rotundato-rectangu- late; peripheral margin more amply arcuate distad than usual: an- terior field relatively very broad; intercalated triangle distinct but 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 151 small: mediastine vein straight in the greater portion of its length, bearing eight costal veins, remainder of costal veins seven in number, all non-clavate; discoidal vein almost straight; medio-discoidal area broad, divided by sixteen regularly placed, transverse nervures into subquadrate areolets; median vein arcuato-sinuate; medio-ulnar area narrower than the medio-discoidal area, similarly divided, but with veins fewer and less distinct; ulnar vein with one complete ramus, which is bifurcate close to its origin, and three incomplete rami; axillary vein biramose. Dorsal abdominal segments of the _ type characteristic of Ischnoptera:® supra-anal plate transverse, lateral margins regularly converging caudad, the distal margin trun- cate, its vicinity with long, sparse hairs; when viewed from the caudal aspect there is seen to be dextrad, briefly mesad of the cercus, a thick, eurved projection, which points mesad, and is distinctly tapering distad, the whole structure well hidden under the margin; cerci relative heavy, rather short, subequal in width for the greater por- tion of the length, rather abruptly tapering distad, depressed dorsad, rounded ventrad, with a close, adpressed coat of short hairs and scat- tered, erect, long hairs: subgenital plate moderately asymmetrical; sinistral margin with a broad, deep emargination ventrad of the cer- cus, relatively short, median section concavo-truncate, dextrad of which is a short, deeply arcuate emargination, with a moderate pro- jection separating it from the oblique subtruncate and then (proxi- mad) arcuate remainder of the same margin; both principal emargi- nations with their margins somewhat thickened and the plate there appreciably convex in section, between them the plate is concave dis- tad; styles unequal, the sinistral one twice as large as the dextral, situated at the lateral angles of the median subtruncate section, in- crassate, tapering, with the apex bispinose, the distal spine larger, decurved, the other spine situated slightly proximad of the apex, straighter; when viewed from the caudal aspect the plate is seen to have an incrassate arm extending mesad from the projection of the dextral margin, this arm reaching to the median line of the body, supplied at the apex with long hairs and on the cephalic face with a number of spines: genital hook sinistral in position, the distal portion sinuate, V-shaped, narrowed at the bend of the structure, slightly thickened and blunt distad. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin with four large, proximo-mesal spines, these followed distad by a regular series of very short, fine spines; distal spines three in 9 See Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., aoe! pp. 339 to 340, pls. XVI and XVII, (1916). 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, number, the extreme distal the larger: median and caudal femora with ventral margins regularly and heavily spined, genicular spine large: caudal tarsi with metatarsus distinctly longer than the re- maining joints combined, ventral surface strongly biseriate, pulvilli- small. : General color above and on the venter of the abdomen argus brown, paling to antique brown on the veins distad on the tegmina. Head deep blackish fuscous, except for the mouth-parts, labrum and distal half of the clypeus; eyes prout’s brown; distal palpal joint weakly washed with mummy brown; ocelli zine orange; antenne blackish fuscous, slightly paler proximad and distad. Pronotum with a relatively broad cephalic and lateral border of ochraceous- buff, the bounding line of the two shades appreciably sinuate laterad. Tegmina with the general color strongest at the base of the marginal field, this, in the same area, sharply giving way to ochraceous-buff, which passes distad into a weak shade of the general coloration; distal section of the tegmina very pale, as is the normally covered section of the right tegmen. Wings weakly infuscate, becoming ochraceous distad, the veins similarly but more opaquely colored. Abdomen faintly darker than the general dorsal coloration, more deeply infuscate laterad, the dorsal abdominal fold ochraceous-buff, surrounded by deep fuscous; styles deep fuscous. Limbs ochraceous- buff, coxee each with a proximal blotch of fuscous, those of the cephalic coxze much smaller than those of the other limbs. Length of body, 7.8 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.4; greatest width of pronotum, 2.9; length of tegmen, 6.4; greatest width of tezmen, 2.2. The type is unique. Ischnoptera clavator n.sp. (Pl. I, figs. 9-12). Allied to I. amazonica!® Rehn, from northern Brazil, but differing in the deeper color pattern, more inflated distal palpal joint and the radically different genitalia of the male, the subgenital plate of which bears a relatively large club-like appendage. ‘The supra-anal plate of the female of clavator is distinctly U-emarginate -mesad, while that of amazonica is entire. The species shows relationship to I. rubiginosa Walker, having a similarity in the form of the male supra-anal plate, but clavator is a larger species with more convergent eyes, a less strongly transverse pronotum, more elongate tegmina and wings, and decidedly different development of the subgenital plate and styles of the male. The female of rubiginosa has the 10'Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 225, (1916). - 1918.] ‘NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 153 supra-anal plate trigonal with the lateral margins sinuate-emarginate and the apex well rounded and entire, instead of U-emarginate ~ as in clavator. Type: o'; ee ap State of Para, Brazil. (H. S. Parish.) {Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5319.] ~ Size small: form elongate elliptical, strongly depressed: surface glabrous. Head distinctly projecting cephalad of the pronotum: interspace between the eyes very narrow, hardly more than half that between the ocellar spots, which latter distance is subequal to the greatest length of one of the spots, the spots are large, sub- reniform in outline: eyes with their greatest cephalic depth equal to about one and one-half times the interocellar width: antenne slightly longer than the body, moderately hirsute, second and third joints together about two-thirds as long as the proximal joint: third palpal joint of moderate length, slightly arcuate; fourth palpal joint two-thirds as long as third, slightly and evenly enlarging distad; fifth palpal joint slightly longer than the third, inflated, sublanceolate, apex subacute. Pronotum roundly trapezoidal, but moderately transverse, the greatest length contained one and one- half times in the greatest width; cephalic margin weakly arcuate, broadly rounding into the diverging, distinctly arcuate, lateral margins, which pass through the obtusely rounded caudo-lateral angles into the arcuato-truncate caudal margin, all margins finely cingulate and supplied with sparse, well-spaced, long hairs, the cephalic margin, however, with a series of short hairs: disk of prono- tum weakly arcuate in asian: appreciably declivent laterad, the immediate margin slightly reflexed; oblique sulci indicated but slightly irregular in impression, caudal section of disk weakly depressed. Tegmina elongate lanceolate, surpassing the apex of the abdomen by nearly the length of the pronotum, the width at the distal third greater than that at the proximal third: costal margin straight except for a short proximal arcuation and a brief distal rounding to the apex, which is at the tip of the median vein and very narrowly rounded; sutural margin in general straight, except at distal third, where it regularly and broadly rounds to the immediate apex: marginal field narrow, its distal extremity not quite reaching to the proximal third of the tegmen; scapular field moderately wide, subequal in width; anal field elongate pyriform: costal veins very numerous, regular in position; discoidal rami longitudinal, nine in number (aside from the discoidal vein itself), intercalated nervures regular and all connected by closely placed 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE — OF moderately, strongly arcuate distal: vointae the sutural margin faintly distad of the proximal third; axillary veins and their numer- ous intercalated accessories regularly Placed. _ Win; | : well rounded rectangulate and entirely in the anterior field; periph eral a of the posterior field regularly arcuate, except fers se. \ the mccitest ip vein) twenty-one in number, oblique, non-clavate e medio-discoidal area distinctly narrower than the medio-ulnar area, appreciably narrowing distad, with the transverse rami rather regularly placed, twenty in number, the majority weakly bent of much the same curve as the discoidal vetat -mnedio dinar We with the transverse rami less numerous than ibaa of the medio- discoidal area, fifteen in number, incomplete costad,. the areolets more rhomboid than quadrate: ulnar vein with two complete and seven incomplete rami; axillary vein with two rami diverging slightly proximad of the middle. Abdomen with the disto-dorsal segments having the structure usual in Ischnoptera: supra-anal — plate in general subquadrate, very faintly transverse; distal margin 2 bisarcuate laterad of a shallow, median, arcuate emargination, the whole margin, but particularly these arcuate portions, supplied — with long bristle-like hairs; surface of disto-dorsal section of the plate with two areas of impression: cerci elongate, styliform, — acuminate, depressed dorsad, rounded ventrad, strongly hirsute: ‘subgenital plate asymmetrical; free margin sinistrad with an arcuate emargination, in which is placed the sinistral style, mesad with a — transverse, truncate section, in the dextral angle of which is situated — the dextral style, dextrad of this is a deep acute-angulate emargina- tion, in which is visible an acute, lamellate projection of the internal genitalia, dextrad of this emargination and mesad of the cercus the margin develops an erect, lamellate peg-like process, which projects dorsad of the supra-anal plate when the parts are in their normal position, the apex of this process is covered with erect, 11 The presence of these areas may not be a normal condition. Ce ens ead 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 agglutinated hairs, certain of which appear spiniform, the remainder of the margin and a large portion of the ventral surface of the plate with long hairs, many of which are bristle-like; sinistral style strongly arcuate, the apex directed laterad and with a number of distinct — but short teeth; dextral style very short, decurved, rounded at the apex, with there a number of similar short teeth. Cephalic femora with the ventro-cephalic margin bearing three median and three distal spines, the latter group increasing in length distad, the area between the two groups with a continuous, regularly spaced series of short, piliform spinules, no disto-dorsal genicular spine present: median and caudal femora with a distinct disto-dorsal -genicular spine, ventral margins with large, well-spaced spines: arolia distinct; caudal metatarsus faintly longer than the remaining joints combined. | Allotype: 2 ; Same data as type. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] The following features are those of difference from the description of the type. Interspace between the eyes wider, more than two- thirds as wide as that between the ocellar spots, which area is nearly twice as great as the greatest length of one of the spots; ocellar spots somewhat smaller and less conspicuous than in the male: eyes with their greatest depth but faintly greater than the interocellar width. Abdomen simple: supra-anal plate moderately transverse, arcuate, the chitin with a median V-emargination which is filled with a semi- opaque membrane,” dorsal surface of the plate with a distal, medio- longitudinal, carinate fold, the free margin of the plate with numerous long, bristle-like hairs: subgenital plate large, distal margin arcuate- truncate between the cerci. Cephalic femora with the median group of large spines numbering four.¥ General tone of the dorsal surface clear dresden brown to mars brown, the venter largely fuscous. Head blackish fuscous, the clypeus and mandibles ochraceous-buff; ocellar spots warm buff: eyes mars brown to mummy brown: antenne clove brown, the proximal joint faintly ochraceous. Pronotum with the disk blackish fuscous, more or less distinctly divided in two by a medio-longitudinal line of kaiser brown to liver brown; broad lateral margins, a connected and narrower cephalic margin and a detached, usually weaker, caudal margining of warm buff to ochraceous-buff, the dark disk _? In two paratypic females this membrane is not apparent, the margin being distinctly and clearly V-emarginate. Apparently this soft area is not a perma- nent structure and may be due to the hardening of exuded body fluids. 13 Two paratypic females agree with the allotype in the number of these spines, while the type has but three. 12 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, appreciably narrower at a point slightly caudad of the middle. Tegmina of the general dorsal color, very pale on the portion of the dextral tegmen concealed when in repose; proximal section of the humeral trunk blackish fuscous; marginal field pale ochraceous translucent, proximad more or less suffused with the blackish fuscous of the humeral trunk. Wings clear hyaline, except for a slight infuscation of the sub-coriaceous region of the costal veins; venation — aie pencilled in prout’s brown. Dorsum of abdomen fuscous, paling a to bister along the median line; supra-anal plate of male with a oe ite. russet tinge, the characteristic Jschnoptera fold of the male ochraceous- __ buff; venter of abdomen becoming ochraceous-tawny meso-proxumad. Limbs ochraceous-buff, the coxee fuscous proximad, spines tawny. Male (type): Length of body, 12.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 3; greatest width of pronotum, 3.6; length of tegmen, 11.9; greatest width of tegmen, 3.7. Female (allotype): Length of body, 13.5 mm. length of pronotum, 3.2; greatest width of pronotum, 3.7; length of tegmen, 12.3; greatest width of tegmen, 3.3. In addition to the type and allotype we have examined two para- typic females, taken at Igarapé-assi. One specimen, while of the laa body bulk of the others, has the tegmina shorter (11.5). a Xestoblatta! nyctiboroides (Rehn). 1906. IJschnoptera nyctiboroides Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 266. [Demerara, British Guiana.] Igarapé-assu. January 23, 1912. One male. This specimen, the second known of the species, fully agrees with the. original description except that the ulnar vein of the wings has two complete rami on one wing and but one on the other, one incomplete ramus on one wing and none on the other. a , ee jute Neoblattella conspersa (Brunner). 1865. Ph{yllodromia] conspersa Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 106. [Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. December, 1911; January 13 to 25, February 6, : a 1912. Twenty-two males, twenty-five females. [Two: Cornell 4 University.] This interesting series shows that while the blackish punctulations on the tegmina in this species vary greatly in number and intensity they are never entirely absent, and are always placed on thickened nodes on the veins. In the individuals with the greater number of punctulations these are individually larger than in those specimens with a considerably smaller number of the same. The pattern of the disk of the pronotum varies in intensity and completeness pro- 14 Vide Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 370, (1916). 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 portionately with the tegminal punctulations, in occasional specimens being obsolete or completely absent. The pale transverse line _ventrad of the eyes varies considerably in degree of definition, but this is not correlated with the variation in intensity of the dorsal surface. The ventral surface of the abdomen is always marked by a medio-longitudinal bar of blackish brown, this varying individ- ually in width and to a less extent in distinctness. As one of the females bears an odtheca we know that in the present species the egg-case is carried vertically with the suture dorsad. Neoblattella titania (Rehn). 1903. Blatella titania Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XXIX, p. 267. [Bartica, British Guiana. ] Igarapé-assi. One female. This individual fully agrees with the type. Neoblattella pellucida (Burmeister). 1838. Bllatta|pellucida Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. II, pt. 1, p. 498. [Pard, Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. January 13 to 25,1912. Two males, three females. Cariblatta igarapensis n.sp. (Pl. I, figs. 15-18.) Closely related to C. fossicauda’* Hebard, differing in the larger size (this species being the largest of the genus), more elongate teg- mina and in the form of the subgenital plate of the male; this of a similar type in which the dextral portion is but weakly produced, the sinistral portion alone markedly projecting. In the female the distal portion of the subgenital plate is less strongly produced than is normal - for the genus, but the apex is broadly rounded, not appearing at all bilobate. Type: o'; Igarapé-asst, State of Parad, Brazil. (H. S. —_ [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5237.] Size relatively large oe the genus): form as usual in the genus: surface moderately polished. Head for its whole width visible eephalad of the pronotum; occipital line, when seen from the dorsum, straight; interspace between the eyes broad, the breadth subequal to the greatest depth of the eye, and slightly less than the distance between the ocellar spots; ocellar spots small, oblique, ovate: third joint of palpi elongate, simple, faintly arcuate; fourth joint very faintly shorter than the third joint, regularly though not greatly expanding distad; fifth joint slightly shorter than the fourth joint, moderately inflated, the flexor margin, when seen from the side, regu- 15 ‘Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 177, pl. XI, figs. 13 to 17, pl. XII, fig 17 and 18, (1916). 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, larly arcuate, the extensor margin faintly sinuate, apex roundly acute, when seen from the side: antennz slightly surpassing the body in length; proximal joint large, faintly longer than the second ° and third joints united. Pronotum rounded sub-hexagonal, trans- verse, the greatest length contained one and two-fifths times in the greatest width, which is placed distinctly caudad of the middle: cephalic margin weakly arcuate, passing by broadly rounded angles into the oblique, diverging and appreciably arcuate cephalic portions of the lateral margins, which strongly round into the caudal sections of the lateral margins; caudal margin arcuato-truncate, rounded > obtuse-angulate laterad: broad lateral portions of the pronotum weakly declivent. Tegmina lanceolate, greatest width contained about three and one-half times in the length of the same, when closed they surpass the apex of the abdomen by about the length of the pronotum: costal margin in large part straight, gently arcuate in the area of the marginal field, sharply and briefly arcuate distad; sutural margin in general straight, with a distal oblique, subarcuate third: apex rather narrowly rounded, slightly costal in position; marginal field reaching about to the proximal third, relatively narrow; scapu- _ lar field very broad, at proximal third of tegmen equal to one-half the entire width of the same, costal veins elongate, straight, oblique, the distal one of the regular series biramose, eleven in number exclusive of the rami of the distal one; discoidal vein furcate distad, one or both forks again furcate; discoidal sectors longitudinal, four to five in number, exclusive of the median vein itself; anal field elongate pyri- form; anal sulcus with its oblique portion nearly straight, reaching the sutural margin at about the proximal third; axillary veins five to six in number. Wings relatively broad: costal margin straight oblique in the greater portion of the proximal half, straight truncate in the region of the costal veins, sharply rounding to the rounded obtuse-angulate apex, which is situated at the apex of the median vein: intercalated triangle distinct, trigonal: mediastine vein simple, with a decided costal clavation at its apex; discoidal vein bifurcate and its divisions again furcate; costal veins ten in number, the distal four of a common origin and hardly clavate, the remainder heavily clavate; medio-discoidal area narrow, dividing into oblong or sub- quadrate areolets by transverse nervures; median vein simple, largely straight; medio-ulnar area subequal to or faintly narrower than the medio-discoidal area, distad more or less completely intersected by transverse nervures; ulnar vein with two complete rami; axillary vein with three rami originating mesad. Supra-anal plate strongly oe 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADEPLHIA. 159 transverse, the margin broadly obtuse-angulate with the immediate angle broadly rounded, the median section of the margin supplied with a group of long bristle-like hairs: cerci missing: subgenital plate very similar to that of fossicauda, having a large, elongate, quadrate, _peg-like projection sinistrad, this, however, being proportionately longer and more compressed than in fossicauda; mesad the distal margin is deeply U-emarginate, dextrad of which is a projection less than one-half the length of the sinistral protuberance, dextral margin arcuate: genital hook resembling that of C. insularis (Walker), but with the curve of the hook more distad in position. Spination of the limbs typical of the genus. Allotype: o’; same data as the type. Differing from the description of the male in the following features. Occipital line weakly arcuate; interspace between the eyes slightly exceeding the greatest depth of the eye and subequal to the distance between the margins of the antennal scrobes. Supra-anal plate transverse, with a distinct, relatively broad, rounded emargination mesad: cerci greatly surpassing the subgenital plate, tapering, moniliform, apex sharply acuminate: subgenital plate ample, the distal section broad, when seen from the ventral aspect not emar- ginate or bilobate, weakly channelled when seen from the caudal aspect. | General color above pale old gold, the tegmina and lateral portions of the pronotum semihyaline, the wings almost colorless hyaline with the veins tinted. Ventral surface largely cmnamon-buff to ochrace- ous-buff. Head of the ventral color, the face with bister bands which in disposition combine features of the patterns of C. reticulosa and eraticula, the ventral facial band clearly defined in the allotype, but not indicated in the type, a detached bister point present at each lateral angle of the clypeal base in the allotype but not indicated in the type; eyes kaiser brown, thickly mottled with bister; antennze old gold, becoming bister distad. Pronotum with a pattern in bister much like that of fossicauda but with the lines more connected and complete, the pattern more intensive and therefore more complete in the allotype than in the type. Wing veins, excepting the costal clavations and radiate veins, old gold, the exceptions bister, the clava- tions rather weakly so. Dorsum of the abdomen washed with bister laterad, leaving, however, a very narrow, pale margin; venter of abdomen with a proximal median area of bister and narrow submar- ginal lines of the same color. Tibial spines and the larger femoral spines with their bases surrounded by bister rings. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, Type: Length of body, 10 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.2; greatest width of pronotum, 3; length of tegmen, 9.8; greatest width of teg= men, 2.8. Allotype: Length of body, 10 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.3; greatest width of pronotum, 3; length of tegmen, 9.2; greatest width of tegmen, 2.5. The type and allotype are all the individuals of the species we have seen. Nyctiborine. Paratropes elegans (Burmeister). 1838. Phloraspis| elegans Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. II, pt. 1, p. 493. [‘‘Unknown locality,” probably Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. One male, one female. This species has been recorded from Surinam (Saussure) and Para, Ega and Sdo Paulo, Brazil (Walker). Epilamprine. Epilampra grisea (DeGeer). 1773. rie grisea DeGeer, Mém. Hist. Ins. ET: p. 540, pl. 44, fig. 9. [Suri- nam. 1903. Epilampra lucifuga Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., Ben, p. 271. [Southern British Guiana. ] Igarapé-assi. January 2 to 23, 1912. Ten males, five females. The acquisition of this series and the recent re-description of the type of DeGeer’s grisea by Shelford!* enables us to place our lucifuga as a synonym of this variable species. The material before us ex- hibits two color forms, one similar to the type of lucifuga, the other with the castaneous markings slightly larger and more thickly dis- tributed. In all of the specimens the paired trigonal patches on the pronotum are retained. In none of the specimens is the humeral trunk marked by a solid line, this region having either a series of blotches or almost no infuscation at all. | Apparently this is the only exact Brazilian record of the species. Epilampra conspersa Burmeister. 1838. E[pilampra| conspersa Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. II, pt. 1, p. 505. ([Para, Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. One female. This individual agrees fully with the description given by Saussure and Zehntner,” although its identity with Burmeister’s species is not so certain. The Burmeisterian description is very brief and is con- sidered by Kirby to represent a form different from that studied by Saussure and Zehntner. Personally we cannot express an opinion, but prefer to use Burmeister’s name for this handsome species until the type of conspersa has been re-examined. 16'Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1907, p. 462. 17 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 64, (i893), re 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 Blattine. _ Periplaneta americana (Linnzus). 1758. [Blatta] americana Linneus, Syst. Nat., X ed., p. 424. [‘‘ America.’’] Igarapé-assi. One female. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius). 1775. [Blatta] australasie Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 271. [In nave ¢€ » mari pacifico et regionibus incognitis revertente.”’] - Igarapé-assti. January 7, 1912. One female. Panchlorine. Panchlora!® exoleta Burmeister. 1838. Planchlora] exoleta Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., II, abth. I, pt. 1, p. 507. [Pard and Bahia, Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. February 25, 1912. Two males, one female. Panchlora bidentula Hebard. 1916. Panchlora bidentula Hebard, Entom. News, X XVII, p. 221, fig. 1. {Igarapé-assti, State of Pard, Brazil. Igarapé-assu. January 17, 1912 (type), no date (paratype). Two males. Corydiine. Melestora minutissima n.sp. (PI. I, figs. 22, 23.) This is the smallest form of the genus, being decidedly under the size of the three previously known species, 1. e., adspersipennis and fuscella Stal from Rio de Janeiro and fulvella Rehn from the Misiones, Argentina. Aside from the much inferior size, it differs from adsper- sipennis in the much less transverse pronotum, in the non-sulcate character of the median area of the same and in the dark and less varied coloration. From fuscella the new species also differs in the non-suleate median section of the pronotum and in the non-pellucid character of the lateral portions of the same. From fulvella, with the type of which the new form has been compared, the present species also differs in the less strongly transverse and more ovate pronotum, in the tegminal venation becoming obsolete distad, in the relatively longer caudal tarsi and in the fuscous coloration. Type: o'; Igarapé-assi, State of Pard, Brazil. (H. 8. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5248.] Size very small: form elongate ovate, depressed: surface moder- ately polished, regularly but sparsely clothed with silky pile. Head visible cephalad of the pronotum, the outline of the occiput and head arcuate; interspace between the eyes very broad, uniform in width, which is subequal to the greatest depth of the eye, surface of the inter- . 18 For comments on the important characters for diagnostic use in this genus, as well as the synonymy of many of the nominal species of the same, see Hebard, Entom. News, XX VII, pp. 217 to 221, (1916). 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, space finely rugulose and with regularly placed impressed pits with fine, diverging radial lines: interspace between the antennal scrobes~ very faintly narrower than that between the eyes, moderately ar- cuate in section, glabrous: palpi with the fourth joint very slender proximad, regularly expanding distad, the apical margin obliquely truncate; distal article longer than the fourth joint, broad, greatest width at proximal third, margins regularly converging to the acute apex: eyes with facets clearly defined and slightly elevated individu- ally: antennz at least as long as the body, the proximal segment short moniliform, subglobose, the joints becoming progressively longitudinal distad, regularly pilose. Pronotum transversely short elliptical, the greatest length contained one and one-fifth times in the greatest width: all margins arcuate, the nearest approach to angula- tion being the weakly suggested latero-caudal angles: oblique de- pressions distinct, extending from the medio-caudal section toward the usual position of the latero-cephalic angles, then turning mesad and extending subparallel to the cephalic margin, vanishing caudad before reaching the middle line, the enclosed area moderately bullate, with irregularly placed and irregularly indicated slight transverse wrinkles, no medio-longitudinal impression: lateral sections of pro- notum weakly declivent. Tegmina coriaceous, haired as the other portions of the body, lanceolate-elliptical, the greatest width con- — tained three times in the greatest length of the tegmen: costal mar- gin lightly and regularly arcuate; sutural margin straight for the greater portion of the proximal two-thirds, arcuate distad; apex rather broadly rounded; the entire costal margin thickened and finely nodulose cingulate: marginal field occupying about the proximal two-fifths, well developed, moderately wide: six well defined costal veins indicated: discoidal field with six definite longitudinal sectors (including the discoidal vein itself), these sinuate, connected by cross- veins and forming quadrate to oblong interspaces, all obsolete distad, becoming lost in the coriaceous shagreenous condition of that region; anal sulcus distinct, impressed, arcuate proximad, straight oblique distad, joining the sutural margin near the proximal third; anal field elongate pyriform; axillary veins three in number, poorly defined. Wings faintly surpassing the tegminal apices when all are in repose. Supra-anal plate transverse, the free margin sinuate-arcuate: cerci moderately long, robust, subfusiform, the apex rather short acute, the whole subdepressed: subgenital plate asymmetrical, from the sinistral side the margin is developed as follows: obliquely arcuate- emarginate ventrad of the cercus, then developed into an acute, peg- 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 like process, which is narrowly separated from a median rectangulate projection by a distinct but not deep V-shaped emargination, dextrad of the rectangulate projection the margin is briefly arcuate, then strongly oblique truncate. Median and caudal femora with ventral margins finely spined: caudal tarsi hardly shorter than the caudal tibie, the metatarsus occupying slightly more than one-half the length of the tarsus: arolia present. : General color mummy brown, becoming buckthorn brown distad on the femora and remainder of the limbs, and blackish-brown on the head and proximal antennal joint. Abdomen becoming auburn meso- proximad. Subgenital plate blackish-brown. Eyes blackish-brown. Length of body, 6.2 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.5; greatest width of pronotum, 1.7; length of tegmen, 5.3; greatest width of tegmen, Be. | The type is unique. Oxyhaloine. Chorisoneura parishi n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 19-21.) This is a most peculiar species, which we are placing in Chori- soneura chiefly on account of the peculiar structure of the male sub- genital plate. The femora are very weakly spined ventrad, while the general form is distinctly suggestive of an Anaplecta, so much so that we are not at all convinced of the proper generic position of the species, the assignment of which is tentative. The insect does not seem to be closely related to any of the described species of Chori- soneura and we are unable to give a comparative diagnosis for that reason. | Type: o'; Igarapé-asst, State of Pard, Brazil. (H. 8. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5234.] Size rather small: form depressed, elongate elliptical: surface moderately polished. Head projecting cephalad of the pronotum when seen from the dorsum: occipital line arcuato-truncate when seen from the dorsum; least interspace between the eyes, which is ventral in position, very broad, subequal to the area between the antennal scrobes; face moderately bullate: palpi with the third joint slender, slightly longer than the fifth joint; fourth joint faintly shorter than the fifth joint, slender proximad and regularly enlarging distad; fifth joint somewhat thickened, elongate elliptical in outline: eyes strongly reniform in basal outline: antenne slightly exceeding the body in length; third joint nearly twice as long as the second joint, proximal joint moderately enlarged, slightly longer than the third joint. Pronotum transverse, its greatest length contained one and 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, one-half times in its greatest width: cephalic and caudal margins very faintly arcuate, subparallel, the caudal of greater extent than= the cephalic, lateral margins broadly and strongly arcuate, latero- cephalic angles obsolete, latero-caudal angles very faint, greatest width situated slightly caudad of the middle: surface of the disk with a faint, discontinuous, medio-longitudinal impression, also with three pairs of poorly defined impressions, the caudal pair practically de- limiting the disk latero-caudad; lateral portions of the pronotum semihyaline, weakly deflexed. Tegmina elongate lanceolate, the greatest width contained about three and one-half times-in the great- est length: costal margin moderately arcuate in proximal third, straight thence to the moderately arcuate distal fourth; sutural mar- gin of similar form, but the distal arcuation is somewhat more exten- sive; apex rounded acuminate, nearly median in position: marginal field of medium width, sharply subdeplanate, extending to the proxi- mal third of tegmen; scapular field broad, comprising but slightly less than half the entire tegminal width; anal field subpyriform, com- prising slightly less than one-third the sutural length: costal vein twelve in number, oblique, somewhat sinuate and irregular; discoidal vein bifurcate distad, the sutural ramus sending two rami to the distal section of the sutural margin; median vein in general parallel to the discoidal vein, reaching the sutural margin proximad of the discoidal rami, sending two to three strongly oblique rami suturad; ulnar vein bifurecate; anal sulcus strongly arcuate proximad, straight oblique thence to the apex, which is very briefly arcuate; axillary veins five in number, poorly defined. Wings with the intercalated field rela- tively large, its axial length about equal to one-third that of the re- mainder of the wing, strongly arcuate distad, subrectangulate proxi- mad: costal veins eleven in number, the three proximal ones springing from the mediastine vein, the proximal nine all distinctly elongate clavate; discoidal vein straight, simple except for the costal veins; medio-discoidal area broad, its width at broadest point almost equal to that from discoidal vein to costal margin, divided into more or less distinctly quadrate areas by eleven transverse veins; median vein straight except for curving costad toward the discoidal vein near its apex, simple except for several rudimentary rami distad; medio- ulnar area narrow, distinctly less (at broadest points) than half as wide as the medio-discoidal area; axillary vein biramose. Subgenital plate’® of the slightly asymmetrical type, with the large, compressed 19 The condition of the material is such that we have refrained from making any effort to ascertain the features of the supra-anal plate. cm Be, 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 165 . type of styles, found in a number of species of the genus; form of the plate reading from sinistral portion; first, an infra-cercal, slightly oblique, subtruncate, projecting portion, this rounding into a rela- tively deep U-shaped emargination to the base of the styles, which are placed in broadly, unequally arcuate emarginations, between which is a slight, acute-angulate projection, dextrad of the styles the margin is developed similarly to the sinistral portion, but the pro- jection is narrower and more acute; styles in length distinctly sur- passing the remainder of the subgenital plate, distinctly compressed, subparallel, tapering, ventral margin thickened: cerci elongate, de- pressed, subfusiform, distad greatly attenuate. Femoral margins with a few weak, short spines; genicular spines strongly developed on median and caudal femora: arolia large. General color buckthérn brown. Head dull vinaceous-rufous; eyes cinnamon-brown; antennze with the proximal portion of the dorsal surface lined with mummy brown: palpi clay color. Pronotum dull mars yellow mesad, this flanked by a pair of poorly defined, broad bars of dark auburn, which diverge caudad and fail to reach the caudal margin of the pronotum; lateral portions of the pronotum nearly colorless hyaline. Tegmina with marginal field nearly colorless hyaline; humeral trunk and vicinity dark auburn. Wing weakly washed with buckthorn brown, the inter-marginal costal region washed, and the radiate Veins pencilled with mummy brown. Abdomen on both lateral aspects with indefinite marginal bands of mummy brown. Length of body, 8 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.6; greatest width of pronotum, 2.4; length of tegmen, 6.6; greatest width of tegmen, 1.8. _ In addition to the type we have before us a paratypic male bearing the same data as the type. This specimen shows no differences excepting a quadriramose condition of the tegminal discoidal vein, which has one ramus furcate on one tegmen, and biramose on the other. ; We take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting and aberrant species to the collector, Mr. Parish, to whose energy we are indebted for several extremely interesting and important series of tropical American Orthoptera. MANTIDA. Mantine, Acontiothespis eximia (Pascoe). 1882. Callimantis eximia Pascoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), IX, p. 423. [Nazare, near Para, Brazil.] Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Igarapé-assi. January 19, 1912. Two males, one female. Kirby?®, who examined Pascoe’s type, considers Saussure and o Zehntner’s paraensis to be the same as eximia. —— The male has not been previously described. In that : general form of the head is similar to that found in the fem the occipital line is weakly concave and the facial se slightly shallower, though of exactly the same gener: The pronotum is of similar form to that of the female but, nat slightly more slender. The tegmina are entirely hyaline except the © marginal field and the vicinity of the humeral trunk, which are opaque green. The wings are hyaline with the costal margin r rathe placed on the caudal two-thirds of the radiate field at about t: : fifths the length of the wing from the internal margin, bone brown in color. One of the Igarapé-assti males measures as follows: length of body, 19.8 mm.; length of pronotum, 4.4; greatest width of prow tum, 2.2; length of tegmen, 14; iasies of eephali pes 5. eas Brazil. Angela quinquemaculata (Olivier). 1792. Mantis quinquemaculata Olivier, Eneyal. Méth., Ins., . VIL P. : . 6 536. {Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. One male. * This specimen has been compared with a male of the species ey Bartica, British Guiana (II-27-1913; H. S. Parish) and agrees in all respects except two. The folded carination of the disto-dorsal — abdominal segments is well indicated in the Bartica specimen and not apparent in that from Igarapé-assi. The Bartica specimen is more intensely colored, having the yellow areas between the purplish bars on the wings brighter, but the general weak infuscation of » e wings is more extensive in the Brazilian specimen and the distal ferruginous patch on the anterior field of the same is more decided in this individual. : Apparently this is the first Brazilian record of the species. Macromantis ovalifolia (Stoll). 1813. [Mantis] ovalifolia Stoll, Natuur. Afbeeld. Beschr. Bpooken, ote, BP 58, 77, pl. XIX, fig. 72. [No locality.] _Igarapé-asst. One male. Be: This specimen has the marginal field of the tegmina valid ie the proximal two-fifths and viridi-coriaceous distad. Apparently 20 Synon. Catal. Orth., I, p. 233, (1904). Se 1918.] — NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 this is the first record of the genus from Brazil or from south of the Guianas. Miopterygine. Musonia! major Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Musonia major Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 165, pl. X, figs. 17 to 19. [South America.] Igarape-assu. Two males. These specimens have also been compared with a male of this species from Nouveau Chantier, French Guiana, recorded by Chopard. The form of the supra-anal plate of the male has never been described. From our material it is seen to be elongate lanceolate, with the apex rounded and but faintly surpassing the distal margin of the subgenital plate. There is present on the plate a distinct precurrent median carina. This is the first record of the species from Brazil. Vatine. Parastagmatoptera flavoguttata (Serville). 1839. Mantis flavoguttata Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orthopt., p. 183. [Cay- enne. | Igarapé-assi. One male. This specimen is inseparable from males from Nouveau Chantier, French Guiana, determined and recorded by Chopard. ACRIDIDA. Acrydiine. Eomorphopus granulatus Hancock. 1906. Elomorphopus] granulatus Hancock, Genera Insectorum, fase. 48, Tetrigine, p. 38, pl. IV, figs. 35 and 35a. [Dutch Guiana.] Igarapé-assi. January 25, 1912. One male. Allotettix peruvianus (Bolivar). 1887. Piaratettix] peruvianus Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg., XXXII, p. 272. [Pumamarca, Peru.] Igarapé-assi. Four males, one female. 21 The type of this genus was first fixed by the present author, in February, 1904 (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, p. 568), as surinama. Kirby later (Synon, Catal. Orth., I, p. 276—not earlier than November, 1904) indicated major Saussure and Zehntner as the type, an unwarranted and untenable designation, as it was not one of the originally included species. As Giglio-Tos has based his recently proposed generic name Promusonia on surinama (Bull. Soc. Entom. Ital., XLVII, p. 6, (1916)), it is evident that his name is a pure synonym of Musonia as properly re- stricted. As we have already contended (Ibid., p. 567), the generic name Mionyx also becomes a synonym of Musonia, although at the date of our previous writing no single type had been selected for it. Kirby, however, indicated (Ibid., p. 276) as its type, lineativentris Stal, which is apparently congeneric with swrinama, in addition being with the latter the original basis of Musonia. Certain species which have been referred to Mionyx are, apparently, not congeneric with suri- nama, and these will require a new generic name. « 2 Ann. Soc. Entom. France, LX XX, p. 332, (1911). 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEARO OF Micronotus caudatus (Saussure). 1861. T[ettix] caudata Saussure, Reve ‘et ‘Mogan de Doobie, 20 sér, XIII, p. 399. [Guiana.] " Tgarapé-asstl. Three males, five favnintea , These specimens are typical of this relatively wi y dist species. It seems to us very probable that Bruner’ Te tix from Trinidad” equals the present species. — Apotettix bruneri (Hancock). 1906. A potettix bruneri eaentse, in Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. - Mas, p. 614. [Paraguay.] Tandeoe cue One female. This specimen is inseparable from Paraguayan and eo nian individuals of the same sex. The range of the span is ml *h extended to the northward by this record. - Tettigidea hancocki Bruner, 1910. Tettigidea hancocki Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., VU, p. 131. umba, Brazil.] Igarapé-assu. One male. ‘[Cor- ; . 5. A. % The two localities from which this species are known are wid ly separated, but doubtless it will be found in suitable situations | the intervening region. : pica cg Proscopia scabra Klug. 1820. Proscopia scabra Klug, in Nees ab Esenbeck, Hore ever? Berolin. . : p. 19, pl. III, fig. 2. [Para, Brazil.] ; Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. The male i is particularly interesting in having a striking type o Taxiarchus paraensis described by from Obidos eee River" we find to be a synonym of the present species. The unsatisfactory character of Brunner’s generic key and lack of comparable material were largely responsible for the reference ef this insect to eMiciertihss *3 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XIV, p. 145, (1906). *4 Entom. News, XVII, p. 382, (1906). 1918.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 Certain of the genera of the present subfamily do not appear at all natural or, if so, are not properly defined. ~The species is known from as far south as Bahia and inland to the upper Amazonian region. Acridineze (Truzaline of authors). Orphulella punctata (DeGeer). 1773. Acrydium punctatum DeGeer, Mém. Hist. Ins., III, p. 503, pl. 42, fig. 12. [Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. Two males, one female. Pardé. (W. M. Mann.) One male, one female. (C. F. Baker.) Three males, seven females. This series exhibits the usual phases and variations of this plastic and widespread species. But two, these females from Para, are of the all green phase, while the strongly infuscated phase is represented in the Igarapé-assi and Parad lots. In a relatively large number of specimens the lateral carine of the pronotal disk show a more or less decided tendency to become obsolete between the first and second transverse sulci. Orphulella boucardi (Bruner). 1904. Linoceratium boucardi Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 84. [Rio Sarstoon, British Honduras; Panama; San Diego, Department of Magdalena, Colombia. ] Igarapé-assi. February 1, - 1912 ane: specimen only). Six males, two females. For comments on the synonymy of his species the student is referred to a recent paper by the author.”® Ommexechine. Ommexecha giglio-tosi Bolivar. 1899. Ol[mmexecha] giglio-tosi Bolivar, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., III, pp. 54, 55. [Caiza, Aguairenda and ‘San F rancisco, Bolivian Chaco. ] ‘Igarapé-assi. One male. This specimen is inseparable from. individuals of the same sex previously recorded by us from northern Argentina, except that the disk of the wing is more glaucous and less. azure blue. Pyrgomorphine. Omura congrua Walker. 1870. Omura congrua Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., III, p. 504. [Pardé, Brazil; Amazon Region; Archidona, Ecuador. | Igarapé-assti. One male. *5 ‘Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 277, (1916); i 170 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Locustinge (Acridine, of f author). Colpolopha obsoleta (Serville). 1831. Tropinotus obsoletus Serville Ann, Sei. Nat, XXI cay of Good Hope.”’] » y , Lp _ Igarapé-assti. One male. This specimen is inseparable ten British’ Bal the species, which has been recorded from San Pard (Bruner), Brazil. — ‘ : Tropidacris collaris (Stoll). | 1813. Gryllus (Locusta) collaris Stoll, Natuurl. Afb. Bake Do Trek-springhaanen, pp. 39, register 13, pl. XXIV, fig. 80. [No ] Igarapé-assi. One dated January 17, 1912. One ema, females. Stenacris cylindrodes (Stal). 1860. Opsomala cylindrodes Stal, Kong. Beg Freg. Ronee Ins., p. 825. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ] Igarapé-assi. One female. — | _ This specimen is inseparable from south Brazilian material. Oxyblepta xanthochlora (Marschall). 1835. Gryllus xanthochlorus Marschall, Ann. Wiener ae XVIII, fig. 7. [Brazil.] - Igarapé-asst. © One apd weqnaess Ty. 1912. Two male females. Ss their relationship is very poorly understood. Mastusia caeruleipennis Bruner. 1911. Mastusia caeruleipennis Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., VII, & 86. 3 [Benevides, state of Pard, Brazil.] Igarapé-assi. Three males, two females. ce This species was described from a female, apparently space of the vertex, more prominent eyes and slighty more | disti median carina of the pronotum. In size the male speciniene bef : us show the following measurements: : Length of body......... 223mm. 19 mm. 19. 5 mm ee: Length of pronotum...... 4.4 Bx Greatest dorsal (caudal) width of pronotum........ 2.2 Length of tegmen..... 11 1918. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 The male genitalic characters can be briefly deScribed as follows. The disto-dorsal abdominal segment has the distal margin concave mesad, the concavity delimited laterad by a short black projecting tooth; supra-anal plate of the trefoil type found in this genera group, the paired lateral sections strongly rounded, the median distal section short sublinguiform, the dividing emarginations roundly rectangulate, proximal half of plate with a median sulcus, widening distad; cerci developed as broad plates but slightly sur- passing the apex of the supra-anal plate, the dorsal section of the plate strongly impressed and depressed, with the apex slightly recurved on the main portion of the cercus, the lateral section, which is thrown into relief by the impressed and recurved sections, being _of the sub-faleiform pattern found in the cerci of other species of this group of genera, in which species, however, the cerci are not at all lamellate, but instead show modifications of a simpler cercal type; subgenital plate short, when seen from the lateral aspect blunted, the apex strongly pinched dorsad. _ The male sex, and to a lesser degree one of the females, shows certain color differences from the original description. The dorsal coloration is appreciably marked off from the darker lateral. bars by narrow lines of dull yellow on the head and pronotum, which are continued caudad from the pallid lines on the tegmina mentioned by Bruner. There is also a dark bar, which varies in solidity, across the ventral sections of the genx, lateral lobes and, more weakly, the pleura, bordering ventrad the yellow described by Bruner. The face is dull pale olivaceous green in both sexes. The caudal femora are clear oil yellow proximad, passing to oil green distad, with the distal extremity somewhat infuscated. The number of spines on the external margin of the caudal tibie varies from six to seven. Tetratenia surinama (Linneus). (PI. I, figs. 24 and 26.) 1764. [Gryllus] surinamus Linneus, Mus. Ludovic. Ulric., p. 146. [Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. Five males. Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. This series shows the male sex to have a very great amount of variation in size, and apparently to a certain degree locally in the depth of general coloration; in the Igarapé-assti specimens the dorsal surface of the head and pronotum is fully as dark as the lateral (i. e. ventrad of the narrow pale dorso-lateral lines) areas, while the tegmina are more olivaceous, instead of the same area 13 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF on the pronotum and the tegmina being distintly srecnish, as the cats ee Length of body............ 19.5 mm. | Length of pronotum...... 4.2 Greatest dorsal (caudal) width of pronotum............ 216° Length of tegmen......... : 178: Length of caudal femur... 13.6%: The species has been recorded from Surinam, “Brazil, ” Cc (Bolivar) and Valley of Santiago (GigharFos). Ecuador. i two latter records may not refer to true surinama. . Tetratenia phila” n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 25 and 27.) Allied to T. surinama (Linnaeus), but debate in es smaller size, less strongly bullate occiput, narrower between the eyes, shorter and proportionately broader t more prominent eyes, in the more slender and more regularly arcuate male cerci, in the less expanded genicular lobes of the median femora _ and the small dorsal spine of the same region, in the less prod ced and more robust caudal femora of the male and in the less strony | contrasted coloration. Type: o; Igarapé-assi, State of Para, Brazil. el S. pace [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5284.] ) margin arcucts abuse faintly excavate near the apex, ratte facial angle roundly obtuse when seen from the lateral aspect, face gently retreating, bounding border of the ieee: well indicated ; 26 From ®Ae, a Fike 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 ventrad: eyes prominent, distinctly elevated dorsad of the vertex, in outline broad ovate, in length twice as long as the infra-ocular portion of the genze: antennz almost twice as long as the combined length of the head and pronotum. Pronotum subsellate, greatest width (caudad) of the disk contained one and one-half times in the greatest length; cephalic margin of disk gently arcuate with a shallow median emargination, caudal margin obtuse-angulate with the immediate angle narrowly emarginate; prozona about one and one-half times as long as the metazona, the latter closely cribroso- punctate, transverse sulci deeply impressed; median carina faintly indicated on the prozona, severed by all the transverse sulci, distinct but low and not sharply defined on the metazona, lateral angles rounded, faintly more evident on the metazona than on the prozona; lateral lobes with their greatest depth contained one and one-quarter times in their greatest dorsal length; cephalic margin straight oblique, ventro-cephalic angle rounded obtuse-angulate; ventral margin arcuato-emarginate cephalad, obtuse-angulate mesad, straight oblique ascending caudad, ventro-caudal angle rounded; caudal margin moderately concave. Tegmina reaching to the tips of the caudal femora, apex rounded. Wings reaching to the tegminal tips. Prosternal spine erect, conical, acute; interspace between the mesosternal lobes quadrate, internal margins of the lobes straight, interno-caudal angles rounded; metasternal lobes very narrowly separated caudad. Furcula present as short spiniform points, between which and the cercal bases are placed on each side a single similar point, the abdominal segment bearing the same sublamellate expanded over the cercal base: supra-anal plate elongate trigonal, slightly arcuate-emarginate on each side mesad, apex broadly rounded, margins moderatc!y elevated, the median line of the plate finely sulcate proximad, carinate distad: cerci thick at the base, thence tapering to the subequal distal half, moderately arcuate in form, apex blunt, moderately incurved: subgenital plate considerably produced, distal portion strongly compressed with the apex faintly bulbous, this faintly elevated when seen from the lateral aspect. Cephalic limbs as usual in the genus. Median femora with the dorsal genicular teeth short and blunt, the genicular lobes not strongly developed. Caudal femora slightly more than twice as long as the head and pronotum together, rather robust, not surpassing the tips of the tegmina, genicular lobes acute, pattern of the paginz regular, moderately impressed: caudal tibiz slightly shorter than the femora, distal two-thirds expanded, margins there distinctly lamellate, 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF lamellar brush on intehiv margin iba ‘external margin i ithe but a few hairs; external margin with six to seven spines, internal margin with nine spines: caudal tarsi with pee ae ne, depressed. ; Allotype: 2; same data as type.” Se in depth about one a one-half times that of the infra-ocular Ds of the gene: antenne hardly twice as long as the pronotum : Pronotum not as sellate as in the male, the dorsal line not y concave when seen from the side, greatest dorsal. (caudal) - di of disk contained about one and one-third times in the great dorsal length of the same: prozona about one and one-third as long as the metazona: lateral lobes of the pronotum with. thei greatest dorsal length very faintly longer than their greatest depth. Interspace between mesosternal lobes faintly broader than in the male, that between metasternal lobes Loses iia ate ee narro Ovipositor jaws elongate, slender, compressed, roaegink $e ulé denticulate. Median femora of normal type, as usta! ee a of this genus. sean i dorsal and lateral aspects, ventral surface and abaenian™ ol yellow to yellowish olive, mottled in both cases with bottle gr metazona of the dorsum of the pronotum washed with ivy gree The usual four lines on the head, pronotum and pleura relstavel? narrow, the dorsal pair quite narrow, in color these lines are olive- ocher to olive-yellow, paling to cream-buff or primrose yellow whi the ventral pairs are connected on the face; pleural spots thi number. Eyes mars brown to prout’s brown; antenne of the general color, in proximal half weakly subannulate with dull ochraceous, tips briefly cream color. Tegmina with the anal vein lined with the continuation of the dorsal pair of pale lines; anal area sometimes weakly washed with bottle green. Wings with the disk china blue, apex and distal half of periphery clouded with Be fuscous. Cephalic and median limbs of the ventral color, th mottling of bottle green quite marked, the tibie subannulate wit. fuscous; proximal portion of the femora washed with nopal. red. — Caudal femora with the external, dorsal and internal faces of the — general dorsal color, triannulate with aniline yellow, the proximal annulus incomplete, the median one V-shaped on the lateral face, 1918.] ‘ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 175 ventral face aniline yellow or washed with garnet brown, the proximal portion of the femora washed more or less completely with nopal red; caudal tibize deep slate blue, paler along the margins, an incom- plete proximal yellowish annulus, spines yellowish, black tipped; caudal tarsi dull greenish, faintly washed with reddish (this probably more extensive and much stronger in life), internal margin of the two proximal joints lined with black. In the single recessively colored individual-before us the dorsal pale lines are greatly subdued and the femoral bands, particularly the eaudal ones, are obsolete, while the general color is less distinctly greenish and in places more brownish. The pale antennal tips and the ventral pair of pale bands are, however, as decided as in the in- tensively colored specimens. Measurements (in millimeters). of 2 (Type) (Allotype) Length of body : 18.7 25.4 Length of pronotum......... | 4 5.2 Greatest width of dorsum of pronotum.............. 2.9 3.9 Length of tegmen.............. 15.1 19 Length of caudal femut.............. 12.2 15.2 In addition to the type and allotype we have before us two para- typic females, which show structural differences only in the faintly more bullate dorsum of the pronotum of one specimen, which is of the recessive type of coloration noted above. An interesting thing concerning one female paratype is that the left antenna was broken off at the sixth joint some time during the life of the insect, and there has been regenerated distad of that joint a terminal joint much longer and appreciably more bulbous than the other segments, which ter- minal segment, curiously enough, bears a narrow terminal pale mark- ing. Since writing the above we have had placed in our hands a single female of the species from Albina, Surinam, collected May, 1904, by William Schaus, and belonging to the United States National Museum. ‘This individual is more brownish than the Igarapé-assti specimens, with the pattern recessive in character. CHLOROPSEUSTES”’ new genus. A member of the Tetratznix and allied to Tetratenia, Mastusia and Eumastusia, but completely apterous and in general form strongly resembling species of the Coscineutid genus Dellia, from which, how- ever, Chloropseustes can be immediately separated by the expanded 27 From yAwpoc green, wevorne deceiver. 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF ° [May, and marginally lamellate distal sections of the caudal tibie, as well as by the character of the genitalia of both sexes. The more fully the other features of the new genus are examined, the more superficial the- evident resemblance to Dellia is found to be. From all of the allied genera Chloropseustes can be separated by its apterous condition, its supra-genicular spiniform process and its highly polished surface; from Tetratenia also in the broadly emarginate caudal margin of the pronotal disk, the more (co) or less (2) suleate frontal costa, the simpler subgenital plate of the male and the absence of the clavation — of the distal extremity of the median femora found in the male of Tetratema; from Eumastusia the new genus differs in the form of the head and general type of the pronotum, as well as sculpture of the same, in the non-compressed male subgenital plate and in the linear, more exserted ovipositor jaws of the female; from Mastusia the new genus also differs in the form and sculpture of the head and pronotum, in the emarginate caudal margin of the pronotal disk and in the linear, more exserted, female ovipositor jaws. The coloration of the type species is very distinctive. ; Description of Genus.—Apterous. Glabrous. Surface of face, © genx, occiput, pronotum, pleura and proximal abdominal segment with small, raised but low, callose, white areas. Interspace of vertex narrow; fastigium subdeclivent, sulcate; fastigio-frontal region truncate when viewed from lateral aspect; face retreating; frontal costa distinctly (o) or weakly (@ ) sulcate mesad and ventrad, plane dorsad; eyes prominent in both sexes. Pronotum with three very deeply impressed transverse sulci, no lateral and little trace (in male only) of median carinze; cephalic and caudal margins of disk emargin- ate mesad; mesonotum not equal to one-third the length of the prozona. Supra-anal plate of male subtrigonal; cerci of male falci- form; subgenital plate short, broad. Ovipositor jaws of female elongate, straight, margins weakly denticulate. Prosternal spine sub-compressed, conical, acute. Mesosternal lobes with interspace slightly longitudinal (<7) or slightly transverse (2). Metasternal lobes contiguous (oc) or narrowly separated (2). Cephalic and median femora of male subinflated, cephalic genicular lobe larger than caudal lobe on each femur. Caudal femora with a more (@) or less (2) pronounced supra-genicular spine, genicular lobes weakly acute; caudal tibie expanded distad, with the margins sublamellate, external margin with seven spines, internal margin with nine spines; ~ caudal tarsi elongate, second joint subequal to one-half the length of the metatarsus, third joint subequal to joints one and two together. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 177 Genotype: C. leucotylus new species. Chloropseustes leucotylus** n. sp. (PI, I, figs. 28-31.) Type: o'; Igarapé-asst, State of Pard, Brazil. January 17, 1912. (H. 8S. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5287.] Size small. Head slightly enlarging cephalad of its insertion in the pronotum; occiput roundly inflated and ascending; vertex with interspace between the eyes very narrow, less than the width of the third antennal joint, caudad of the constriction the vertex is lanceo- late suleato-impressed; fastigium weakly declivent when seen from the lateral aspect, distinctly broader than long when seen from the dorsum, the greatest width subequal to twice the width of the proxi- mal antennal joint, fastigium delicately sulcate medio-longitudinally ; fastigio-frontal region vertically truncate to between the antennze when seen from the lateral aspect, face then strongly retreating, weakly coneave; frontal costa indicated to the clypeal suture, nar- row, weakly narrowed ventrad of junction with fastigium and faintly so immediately ventrad of the median ocellus, surface of costa dorsad plane with a few punctures, ventrad of ventral margins of antennal serobes deeply but narrowly sulcate; lateral facial carine well indi- cated, divergent ventrad; eyes quite prominent, large, well elevated dorsad of the vertex, in length about twice that.of the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne about three times as long as the pro- notum, simple, joints elongate, very faintly enlarging distad. Pro- notum weakly sellate in general form, but dorsal line straight, with greatest dorsal length slightly greater than the greatest dorsal width; cephalic margin of disk subarcuate with shallow, broad, median emargination; caudal margin of disk very broadly and faintly emar- ginate, with a more pronounced, broad, median V-emargination: median carina very weakly and discontinuously indicated on the prozona; transverse sulci very deeply impressed, the caudal one con- tinuous, the others, three in number, severed by the median carina, a supplementary, short, dorsal sulcus placed between sulci one and two; metazona forming no more than one-four:h of the dorsal length of the pronotum: lateral lobes about one and three-fourths times as long as deep, ventro-caudal angle rounded, caudal margin straight; surface of metazona of lobes faintly punctulate. Mesonotum with caudal margin faintly obtuse-angulate emarginate mesad, the surface as- cending dorso-caudad into a blunt, tubercular structure: metanotum with a structure similar to that of mesonotum, but the caudal margin is more decidedly obtuse-angulate emarginate. Tegmina 28 From Aevkoc white, tvA0c knob. 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF and wings completely absent. Abdomen slightly compressed, weakly — carinate medio-longitudinally dorsad, extremity slightly recurved: — furcula developed as short, broad, rounded well-separated lobes; __ lateral sections of the segment bearing the furcula sublamellate and © = projecting over the lateral face of the cercal base, the margin of these ae lobes arcuate obtuse-angulate: supra-anal plate moderately pro and constricted trigonal, the apex moderately broad, rounded, la margins with the cercal emargination broad, moderately deep from the plane of the proximal portion of the same, the deflected por tion with lateral sulci limiting a median rounded ‘‘boss”’: cerci falet portion Te very broad, then tapering strongly to ibe rela - tively slender and moderately acute distal portion, the whole cercus placed so as to incline toward the median line of the body: subgenital plate very short, broad, not at all produced, when seen from the lateral _ aspect rounded, the dorsal margin broadly U-shaped.2® Prosternal spine moderately compressed conical, acute, arising from a b 02 base. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes subcuneate, slig longer than broad: metasternal lobes touching on their caudal half Cephalic and median femora moderately inflated, appreciably arcu- ate, cephalic genicular lobe of each of these femora larger than the ~ eaudal lobe of the same. Caudal femora about twice as long as the. head and pronotum together, surpassing the apex of the abdomen by nearly one-half the femoral length, moderately slender, external pagine regularly and distinctly sculptured, genicular lobes moderately — eS acute, median section of dorso-genicular margin with a distinct pro- . : jecting spine: caudal tibiz very slightly shorter than the femora, distinctly expanded distad, the margins there considerably lamellate, marginal hairs few in number but individually long and regularly dis- posed, external margin with seven spines, internal margin with eight to nine spines: caudal tarsi not quite one-half as long as the caudal — tibie, slender, the first and second joints together but slightly longer than the third, the second joint about one-half the length of the aki joint, which is considerably depressed. Allotype: 2; same data as the type. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] : The female differs from the male description in the following fea- _ tures. Interspace between the eyes subequal to the width of the sec- ond antennal joint, the vertex caudad of the interspace hardly more | *® The type has this plate compressed, apparently unnaturally so, and we are taking its marginal form from the paratypic male, which, apparently, represents the normal type. 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 179 than finely sulcate: frontal costa less clearly defined ventrad and with the suleation weaker and sub-obsolete ventrad: eyes not quite twice as long as the infra-ocular portion of the gene: antennze about two and one-half times as long as the dorsum of the pronotum. Pro- notum slightly shorter, the lateral lobes about one and one-half times as long as deep. Mesonotum and metanotum with marginal form and tuberculiform structure less decided. Supra-anal plate elongate trigonal, strongly arcuate in transverse section, apex rather blunt, surface non-suleate: cerci short, blunt, styliform: ovipositor valves exserted, elongate, straight, compressed, apices slightly blunted, lateral margins rather finely denticulate, dorsal surface of dorsal valves weakly canaliculate. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes slightly transverse: metasternal lobes narrowly separated. Cephalic and median femora more slender. Caudal femora with dorsal genicular spine less aciculate. General color calla green to ivy green, passing into more or less clear oil yellow on the lateral lobes of the pronotum (0), the gen and lower face (o’) and rostral region (both sexes). The pale spot- ting ranges from maize yellow, through creamy white to light green- yellow, and is distributed roughly as follows: three paired spots on face, three to four paired markings ventrad of eyes and on gene, a paired series of eight spots following the usual position of lateral pronotal carine extending from eyes to caudal coxe, another paired series extending from mesonotum to and over dorsum of third to fifth proxi- mal abdominal segments, ventral section of lateral lobes of pronotum with three paired dashes; all these markings placed on strumose tubercles or ridges. Fastigium of male distinctly, of female weakly, pale lemon yellow: antennz of the color of the face, infuscated distad: eyes mars brown to russet. Abdomen of male occasionally yellowish disto-ventrad: furcula, edge of expansion of disto-dorsal abdominal segment and tips of cerci of male black. Caudal femora with distal extremity and adjacent section of tibize cadmium orange to cadmium yellow, strongest on the genicular arches and weakly tinged with the general greenish on the lobes and dorsum: caudal tibie with spines black-tipped: caudal tarsi with pulvilli pads scarlet red in some speci- mens, yellowish (possibly faded) in others. Measurements (in millimeters). of g (Type) (Allotype) Length of body............. 13.6 17.8 Tenet OF DTOnOtUING kc. cc eas 2.9 3.1 Greatest (dorsal) width of pronotal disk. aes 2.3 2.8 Length of caudal femurn.i.. i. cccccsccssuseessseneen 10.3 1.6 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF In addition to the type and allotype we hines before us a ‘ontateel pair (one—the male—dated January 17, 1912), which show no note- — worthy differences from the type material, except that the male has_ the general coloration more vee but this we ¢ feel i is due to ir ing. | Bucephalacris falcifer n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 32, 33.) Apparently a near relative of B. corallipes Bruner, 30 feat Coru Brazil, agreeing in the robust form, the closely veined tegmina the coral red caudal tibie. The new form differs, however, corallipes i in the female sex ae only one known of corallipes) h h tegmina. Type: o*; Pard, State of Pard, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad. © Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5288.] Sue Size small: fore robust: surface of face, lower. portion of occiput very shallowly punctate. Occiput arcuahochillate 4 vell elevated dorsad of pronotal level, at highest point faintly flattened; ; interocular portion of vertex very narrow, hardly more than one-— fourth the width of the proximal antennal joint, weakly suleate. ins caudal section; fastigium very faintly declivent, the greatest length subequal to the greatest width, in general form pentagonal, the cep alic margin strongly truncate and appreciably cingulate, the surface impressed, weakly nodulose and with a short, rather fine, medio- | longitudinal carina: frontal costa dorsad four times as broad as the of the hae moderately diverging ventrad, punctate as the face: ie quite prominent, more than twice as long as the infra-ocular portion Ae of the gene, in basal outline broad ovate, slightly flattened cephalad: antenne lacking. Pronotum narrower than the caudal width of — head, faintly constricted mesad, the greatest dorsal width of disk 80 Ann. Carneg. Mus., VIII, p. 93, (1911). 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 181 very slightly less than the greatest dorsal length: cephalic margin of disk obtusely produced with a very broad, shallow emargination: caudal margin of disk very broadly obtuse-angulate: median carina faintly indicated cephalad, more distinctly so on the metazona, obso- lete mesad: transverse sulci well impressed, metazona slightly more than one-half of the prozonal length: lateral lobes with the greatest dorsal length subequal to the greatest depth; cephalic margin of lobes straight, slightly oblique, ventro-cephalic angle nearly rectangu- late, ventral margin obliquely concave-emarginate cephalad, median angle distinct but obtuse, this margin obliquely subarcuate caudad, ventro-caudal angle obtuse, caudal margin straight, vertical. Teg- mina reaching to the apex of the supra-anal plate, moderately broad, distal four-fifths weakly tapering, apex rounded; venation close, particularly proximad. Wings reaching to the tips of the tegmina, very broad, the greatest width contained one and two-fifths times in the greatest length: distal section of anterior and portion of radiate fields subtruncate. Prosternal spine very robust, short, rather blunt, faintly transverse compressed: interspace between the meso- sternal lobes with cephalic width faintly greater than the depth, the caudal width very much greater, the interspace regularly narrowing cephalad, median width of interspace very faintly less than that of one of the lobes, ventro-internal angle of the lobes broadly obtuse: metasternal lobes touching caudad. Supra-anal plate with the greatest proximal width subequal to the greatest length, lateral margin subparallel proximad, then moderately and regularly narrow- ing, distal extremity rather broad, arcuato-truncate, the surface with a pair of shining black tubercles placed mesad at the distal third, proximad the same plate has indications of a medio-longitudinal im- pression, flanked laterad by a pair of low rounded ridges; margins slightly thickened and elevated: cerci robust, flattened and broad proximad, in general form subfalcate, the tip directed dorsad, strongly tapering from the broad base to the median section, thence weakly tapering to the subacute apex; when viewed from the dorsum the general form of the cercus is straight proximad, then incurved and last with the distal fourth straight, the arcuate distal margin of the broad proximal portion bears several blunt teeth: pallium*! greatly produced in an erect, distad compressed, falciform process consider- ably surpassing the subgenital plate, in form this process is gently tapering with a moderately acute apex: subgenital plate short, well 81 See Scudder, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 8, (1897). 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF rounded when seen from the side, the dorsal free margin V-shaped, — the apex faintly rostrate produced, the proximal section of the V-form | es of the margin slightly embracing the ventral ridge of the pallium. — Cephalic and median limbs moderately robust. Caudal. femora genicular lobes moderately acute, external face shee caudal tibie slightly shorter than the femora, armed on the exte: margin with six spines, internal margin with eight spines: caudal tarsi very slender and elongate, the proximal and second Jette. sub= equal in length. Allotype: 2 ; Igarapé-assti, State of Parad, Brazil. (H. S. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. | ie Differing from the description of the type in the following joe ae. Size medium. Interocular portion ofthe vertex slightly wider than | the proximal antennal joint, weakly sulcate: fastigium distinctly but __ not strongly transverse: frontal costa twice as wide as the interocular portion of the vertex, of similar structure to that of the male b at the broad portion is plane and non-suleate, roughly biseriate punctate, a ventrad of the ocellus even more strongly constricted and suleate than in the male, thence obsolete: eyes less prominent than in the male, one and two-thirds times as long as the infra-ocular portion of the genx, in basal outline slightly broader proportionately than in the male: antenne nearly twice as long as the head and pronotum together, very slender, filiform. Pronotum with the median carina obsolete except on the metazona, where it is weak but distinct: lateral lobes with the greatest depth very faintly greater than the — greatest dorsal length of the same. Interspace between the meso- sternal lobes with its cephalic width equal to about one and one- third times the greatest length of the same, the form of which latter — expands caudad: metasternal lobes separated by an interspace which at its narrowest point (caudad) is subequal to its greatest 2 length. Ovipositor valves robust, short, the external margins of: the dorsal valves crenulate. a4 General color of the female saccardo olive, becoming weakly — mummy brown on the dorsum of the pronotum and faintly so on the face; of the male on the head, pronotum and pleura dusky olive- green, on tegmina buffy citrine. Eyes cinnamon-brown (co) to prout’s brown (2); antennze fuscous, becoming black distad, with . — the extreme apex narrowly vinaceous-rufous, proximal joint more ie () or less (2) completely raw sienna. Wings very weakly washed PE rie id Nee Te Aun Op ee a eee” 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 183 with fuscous, this more apparent along the costal margin and broadly around the periphery, veins fuscous. Abdomen dresden brown (0) to brownish olive (2), the ventral surface faintly more greenish; distal section of the margin of the male supra-anal plate, raised points on the same and distal extremity of the cerci black. Cephalic and median limbs of the general coloration: caudal femora hellebore green (2 ) or light hellebore green (co), the distal extremity english red (o’) to mahogany red (9), the genicular arches weakly greenish, in the female this weakly suffusing the lobes as well: caudal tibie and tarsi nopal red, spines black tipped. Measurements (in millimeters). of 9 ; (Type) (Allotype) Length of body..... 3 17.6 25.8 Length of pronotum.... 3.4 - 5 Greatest dorsal width of pronotal disk “hipaa 2.8 4.4 Length of tegmen..... 11 14.8 Length of caudal femur... 10.5 14 The type and allotype are the only specimens of this species | we have seen. Vilerna eneo-oculata (DeGeer). 1773. Acrydium eneo-oculatum DeGeer, Mém. Hist. Ins., III, p. 502, pl. 42, fig. 11. [Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. - One male. This specimen is somewhat smaller than British Guiana individuals of the same sex, but is clearly the same species. This Guianan type is known to range south as far as Chapada, Matto Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Abracris dilecta Walker. 1870. Abracris dilecta Walker, Catal. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV, p. 642. [Santarem, Brazil.] Igarapé-asst. January 17, 1912 (one). Two females. These specimens are ebparablo from a cotypic female of the synonymous meridionalis*! from Demerara, kindly loaned by Prof. Bruner. Abracris ceruleipennis (Bruner). 1900. Jodacris (?) ceruleipennis Bruner, Second Rep. Merchants Loc. In- vest. Comm. Buenos Aires, p. 68. [Asuncion, Paraguay; Territory of Formosa, Argentina. | Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. - #1 See Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 294, (1916). AA ee edict 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [May, Igarapé-asst. January 17 and February 1, 1912. Three males, six females. These specimens have been compared with a typical pair, a female _ from Asuncion, Paraguay and a male from San Bernardino, Para- guay, loaned by Prof. Bruner, from which they show no important differences, although they are rather different in coloration. The Pard female has the base color pale ochraceous, with no distinct markings on the body, and the external face of the caudal femora — unmarked. The male from the same locality has a decidedly varied pattern of the usual contrasted type of the genus, and a distinct oblique dark bar on the external face of the caudal femora, which marking extends to the base as a fine line. The Igarapé-assti males are duller and darker than the Pard male, but are much more varie- gated than the females. The external femoral bars are present in all of these, continued to the base by a fine line in one. The Igarapé-assti females are very dark and dull, very little contrasted and with the pale paired thoracic lines completely or nearly com- pletely effaced. The color wash of the proximal portion of the wings : in all the specimens, as in the typical material, is more bottle green than ‘‘blue”’ as originally described. The same is true of material from other localities in Paraguay and southern Brazil. The ventro- external face of the caudal femora is variable in the extent to which it is suffused with fuscous or blackish. It is always touched with darker in the punctations of the distal two-thirds of the area, which tendency becomes more pronounced and extensive until in the extreme condition that section is almost uniformly colored, but it is never as sharply defined laterad, as solid, or as solid to the base of the femur as in nebulosa, chapadensis, dilecta and obliqua. This feature is the one referred to by us as showing variability in the coloration of this margin. : Osmilia flavo-lineata (DeGeer). 1773. Acrydium flavo-lineatum DeGeer, Mém. Hist. Ins., III, p. 497, pl. 42, fig. 4. [Surinam.] Igarapé-assi. January 17, 1912 (one). Thirteen males, twelve females, one juv. male, one juv. female. These specimens have the disk of the wing more bluish green than in typical individuals of flavo-lineata, in which the same area is yellowish, although with a green tinge, the present specimens being 8 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 186, (1907). The material there re- corded as signatipes, as we have shown elsewhere (Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLII, p. 294, (1916)) belongs to ceruleipennis and chapadensis, - : Pumeegs eh a peat . 8 ; . js * 3 A Pel pg iad Ul reaches of the Amazon to its mouth. ne - Pie dee hia Bl: Mopathodis aquilina (Linnzus). ms ee (Tettigonia) | manos pee Syst. Nat., zg ed, P. A. ‘“‘Tndiis ; Para. (C. F, Baker.) One male. from Cayenne, determined and pecated to the Academy he Saus The species is known from localities extending from the m the upper portion of the Amazon, north to the Guianas and Be (Merida). Leurophyllum consanguineum (Serville). Mae 1839. Acanthodis consanguinea Serville, Hist. Nat. ah Orth. Dp. : [Unknown locality.] | E Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one immature male. aes This species is known to range from southeastern Brasil to Cayenne, west to eastern Ecuador. Leurophyllum maculipenne (Serville). wae ayes maculipenne Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Ot = ae razi : 86 See Rehn, Entom. News, XXVIII, p. 152, (1917). 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 197 Parad. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. Igarapé-assi. January 29, 1912 (one specimen). Three females. This striking and beautiful species is well distributed over the Amazonian and Guianan regions. Bliastes submarginatus (Wa!ker). 1870. Meroncidius submarginatus Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., III, p. 450. [Parda, Brazil.] Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. Kirby has placed Bliastes limbatus Brunner, described from Para, as a synonym of swbmarginatus *", with which action we fully agree. In the present specimen the caudal genicular lobes of the median femora are spined, and the spines on the ventro-cephalic margin of the cephalic and median femora number three instead of four as described by Brunner. Teleutias aduncus Stal. pater T\elewtias] aduncus Stal, Recens. Orth., II, p. 88. [Unknown local- ity. Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. This specimen fully agrees with the original description and the later one by Brunner. This is the first exact locality known for the species, which was recorded by Brunner from Upper Amazonia. Diophanes salvifolium (Lichtenstein). “1796. Locusta salvifolia Lichtenstein, Catal. Mus. Hamburg, III, p. 82.” Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. This specimen has the wings with a complete but narrow distal and peripheral edging of whitish, while the hyaline character of the interspaces of the axillary and radiate fields of the wings is very pronounced. Copiphorine. Copiphora cornuta (DeGeer). 1773. Locusta cornuta DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., III, p. 441, pl. 37, fig. 7. (Surinam. | Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. Igarapé-assi. One female. These specimens are fully typical of the species, except that the dorso-caudal margin of the median tibiz bear four to five spines in the Para individual and five in that from Igarapé-assi. The presence of but three spines on this margin has been considered diagnostic of this species by Karny, but reliance cannot be placed on the number of marginal spines in this instance as in many others, the material before us showing sufficient variation to nullify the 87 Synon. Catal. Orth., II, p. 331, (1906). 198 PROCEEDINGS oF rH ACADEMY OF eee tie We have also ‘before us for diagnosti¢ yetue of this feature. the median tibie, while the Paramaribo male has: thee this margin on one limb and four on the other. Bruner. Acantheremus elegans Karny. 1907. Acantheremus elegans Karny, Abhandl. k. k. ‘z00l. -botan. ‘Gorell Wien, IV, heft 3, p. 9, fig. 1. [Surinam.] Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. he This specimen fully agrees with the original description of t species, differing only in the slightly greater size of the e pecime! before us. ee Neoconocephalus nigrowicieates (Redtenbacher). 1891. Conocephalus nigropunctatus Redtenbacher, ‘Verhandl. k. -k. botan. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 380, 391, pl. III, fig. 32. Brazil; Surinam; Cuba; 5 Cayenne.] Paré. (C. F. Baker.) Three males, one female. | Benevides, Pard. (H. H. Smith.) Two males. [U. S. N. My) iS Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru. October to December, 1912 One male, two females. - the original description. Bruner has recorded*® the species from Para and Benevides. Neoconocephalus fratellus (Griffini). - 1891. Conocephalus frater Redtenbacher asik of Kirby 1890) k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 381, 399. {Cuba; St. Vineen Lesser Antilles; Trinidad; Brazil; tae Amazons] a te 1899. Conocephalus fratellus Griffini, Misc. Entom., VII, p. 5.. (New name.) Paré. (C. F. Baker.) One male. The tegmina are appreciably shorter in this specimen than. ihe measurements given for those of the same sex by Redtenbacher; otherwise the specimen is typical. : 38 Ann. Carneg. Mus., IX, p. 392, (1915). 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 199 Homorocoryphus cocanus (Bolivar). . 1881. Conocephalus cocanus Bolivar, Anales Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, p. 497. [Coca, Ecuador. ] : Pard. (C. F. Baker.) Three males, two females. Para. (Thayer Expedition.) One female. [M. C. Z.] These specimens have been compared with a male from Chan- chamayo, Peru, in the collection of the Academy, and found to be inseparable. | The species was recorded from Cayenne by Redtenbacher. Homorocoryphus brunneri (Redtenbacher). 1891. Conocephalus brunneri Redtenbacher, Verhandl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 385, 423. [Theresopolis, Brazil; Upper Amazons; Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina; ‘‘ Yalapa.’’] Igarapé-assi. One female. Listroscelinze. Phlugis marginata (Redtenbacher). 1891. Thysdrus marginatus Redtenbacher, Verharidl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 534, 537. [Upper Amazonia.] Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. | This specimen, the first known from an exact locality, fully agrees with the original description, except that the caudal femora are slightly shorter. Phlugis chelifera n. sp. (Pl. II, figs. 41-43.) Closely related to P. abnormis (Redtenbacher),** from Retalulen,*° but differing in the somewhat smaller size; in the male cerci being quite short, not a quarter as long as the subgenital plate; in the internal projection of the paired: processes of the disto-dorsal abdominal segment of the male being flattened, vertical, decurved plates, instead of spiniform; and in the subgenital plate of the same sex having the expanded distal section proportionately shorter and more sharply expanded, the proximal angle of the dorsal margin of the expansion slightly recurved acute, and in the vertical margin of the same section, when seen from the side, being distinctly indented proximad. Type: o; Igarapé-asstii, State of Parad, Brazil. (H. 8. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5321.]} Size medium (for the genus): form subcompressed. Head well seated in the pronotum: occiput and interocular space moderately 89 Verhandl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 534, 538, pl. IV, fig. 95. 40 This is apparently an error of transcription for Retahluleu, western Guate- mala. Karny was apparently unable to place the locality quoted, and we also have been unable to secure any information concerning it. We feel confident, however, that ‘“‘Retalulen” is an error for Retahluleu. 200 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, declivent cephalad; interspace between the eyes equal in width to one of the eyes, this area supplied with a mediar impressed point: fasti- gium of medium width, bilobate and angularly reflexed: face mod— erately retreating, broadly deplanate: eyes as prominent as usual in the genus, strongly projecting cephalad, when seen from the side the form is ovoid: antenne surpassing the body in length; proximal joint strongly inflated; second joint moderately inflated. Pronotum of the type usual in the genus, distinctly elongate, metazona well produced, greatest width of the pronotum contained twice in the greatest length of the same: cephalic margin of disk shallowly arcu- ate-emarginate, caudal margin strongly arcuate; principal sulcus deeply impressed ; metazona equal to two-fifths the length of the whole disk; a fine medio-longitudinal impressed line present caudad on the disk; three incomplete transverse sulci indicated on the prozona: lateral lobes two and one-half times as long as their depth, the margin arcuate from the cephalic margin of the disk to the very shallow humeral sinus, faintly flattened ventro-cephalad, caudal margin in general oblique subtruncate from the sinus to the arcuate caudal margin of the disk. Tegmina with length slightly exceeding that of the body, narrow, the greatest width contained over seven times in the length: margins in general straight, subparallel; apex rather narrowly rounded, sutural in position: discoidal vein straight, oblique, joining the costal margin at about its proximal third; number of rami in the marginal field sixteen, these straight and weakly oblique in trend; ulnar vein triramose distad; transverse nervures straight, weakly oblique, in general evenly spaced: tympanal field largely covered by the pronotal extension. Wings surpassing the tegminal apices by half the length of the tegmina, moderately acuminate. Penultimate disto-dorsal abdominal segment large, subcucullate, distal margin broadly arcuato-angulate, the mesal portion of the mar- gin with an overlapping transparent bisinuate lamellation, visible — only under fair magnification: disto-dorsal abdominal segment ver- tical, largely under the penultimate segment, roundly depressed mesad, roundly elevated disto-laterad; free margin with a median very deep U-emargination, laterad of which are paired V-emargina- tions of subequal depth, the processes between the three emargina- tions compressed, subfalciform, with their apices subacute and di- rected ventrad; laterad of the lateral emarginations the segment is produced into subconchate projections, which have a thickened ridge along their dorsal margin and are distinctly concave ventrad, when seen from the side the projections are spatulate, angulato-arcuate ae ee 3 S -1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 201 dorsad and distad, narrowly rounded disto-ventrad, sigmoid ventrad: supra-anal plate well hidden, acute-angulate in form: cerci very short, simple, styliform, faintly sinuate, apex blunt: subgenital plate of the elongate, specialized type found in the genus, compressed; when seen from the side the plate is narrowed at the distal third, thence strongly compressed, the dorsal margin arcuate-emarginate with the dorsal angle acute produced; distal margin oblique sinuato-truncate, the disto-ventral angle produced, bluntly angulate, ventral margin angulato-arcuate; when seen from the venter the plate is regularly narrowing distad, the proximal half with a distinct median carina, the distal half narrowly fissate, the apex of the fissure narrowly broad- ened; when viewed from the dorsum the branches of the plate are seen to be thickened and inflated from the basal excavation of the plate to the disto-dorsal angle, or in the section which is arcuate- emarginate when seen from the side. Cephalic femora with three _ spines on the ventro-cephalic margin and four on the ventro-caudal margin; cephalic tibize with five spines on each ventral margin ex- clusive of the apical ones. Median femora unspined on margins; median tibiz with two spines on the ventro-cephalic margin. Caudal femora of the usual type, with nine very small spines on the ventro- external margin and six of the ventro-internal margin. | General color honey yellow, the wings weakly washed with chamois, parts of the head, lateral lobes of the pronotum and limbs tending toward clay color. Eyes walnut brown. Length of body, 12.4 mm.; length of pronotum, 3.8; greatest width of pronotum, 1.6; length of 5 12.4; greatest width of tegmen, 1.6; length of toda! femur, 9.1. Tn addition to the type we have before us four paratypic males, all from Bartica, British Guiana (H. 8. Parish; March 6, 24 and 26; April 15, 1913), in the collection of the Academy. These specimens are all slightly larger than the type, but otherwise inseparable. The number of rami in the costal field of the tegmina ranges from fifteen to eighteen. In these specimens the coloration, particularly of the exposed portion of the wings and distad on the tegmina, is strongly approaching cosse green, the limbs also in part washed with weak javel green. Phlugiola redtenbacheri Karny. 1911, Phlugiola redtenbacheri Karny, Abhandl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, IV, heft 3, p. 20. [Surinam.] Branganza, State of Pard. (Miss H. B. Merrill.) One female. [A. N.S. P.] 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [May, This specimen fully agrees with the original description and fiona As far as we are aware the two localities given above are all those known for this striking and peculiar genus and species. Agroeciinz. Paralobaspis personata n.sp. (PI. II, figs. 44, 45.) | Differing from P. picta,” from Ecuador, the genotype and only previously described species of the genus, in the shorter pronotum and shorter and more arcuate ovipositor, the much shorter tegmina, » in the coloration of the mouthparts and the face, the latter being solid black in the present species, in the face being almost without impressed punctations, in the generally unicolorous pronotum, in the unicolorous ~ prosternal spines, in the more unicolorous limbs and in the fewer spines on the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic and median — femora. : Type: 9; Parad, State of Para, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5322.] oe Size medium: form relatively robust, subeompressed: surface == =3 ees : ; _ > 5 “a smooth. Head with the exposed dorsal length slightly less than one- half as long as the dorsum of the pronotum, ventral portion of head quite broad, narrowing dorsad: fastigium as characteristic of the genus, its plane in general continuous with the occipital line, the apex with a slightly decurved spine, the general direction of which is ceph- alad, cephalic margin of the fastigium ventrad of the spine distinctly compressed and carinate: paired ocelli subtrigonal in form, median ocellus small, in general circular: face with the very faintest and very sparsest type of punctation: eyes moderately prominent, irregularly subcircular in basal outline, slightly flattened cephalad and even more weakly so ventro-caudad: antenne over twice as long as the body; — proximal joint with the projection on the disto-internal face rounded dentiform. Pronotum with its dorsal line straight when seen from — the side, in transverse section moderately arcuate dorsad, rounding broadly into the lateral lobes: disk of pronotum quite narrow on the cephalic half of the pronotum, moderately expanding on the meta- zona, cephalic margin of disk with the faintest possible arcuate emar- gination, caudal margin of disk regularly arcuate; principal trans- verse sulcus weakly impressed, placed mesad, prozona crossed at its middle by a more decidedly impressed arcuate sulcus, which is weak mesad: lateral lobes of the pronotum twice as long as deep; cephalic ‘ margin of the lobes straight oblique, regularly rounding at the ventro- 41 Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, No. 311, p. 89, (1898). 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 203 cephalic angle into the oblique, but more nearly horizontal, weakly sinuate ventral margin, ventro-caudal angle roundly obtuse, caudal margin oblique, in general straight, with a broad though shallow humeral sinus; surface of lateral lobes moderately undulate, having one center of elevation or ‘‘boss” on the prozona, the other in the position of similar structures in the Conocephaline. Tegmina slightly surpassing the apices of the caudal femora, subequal in width, the greatest width contained nearly six times in the length: costal - margin straight except for short arcuations proximad and distad, sutural margin straight, apex rounded: principal venation simple; median vein diverging distad of the middle of the discoidal vein; reticulations in general irregular, the transverse nervures clearly defined only in the proximal portions of the marginal and discoidal fields. Wings reaching to the apices of the tegmina. Prosternal spines elongate, aciculate, weakly recurved, parallel: mesosternal lobes narrow, very acute, the apices weakly spiniform: metasternal lobes weakly obtuse-angulate, the angle briefly spiniform. Disto- dorsal abdominal segment with an impressed, medio-longitudinal crease, the free margin being produced each side of this into subspini- form projections, supra-coxal sections of the margin broadly and shallowly arcuato-emarginate: cerdi tapering, with the apices rather sharply aciculate, gently arcuate when seen from the side: ovipositor moderately faleate, in length almost equal to twice the length of the pronotal disk, greatest depth of the ovipositor mesad; dorsal margin of ovipositor very faintly curved in distal two-thirds, ventral margin of same regularly arcuate, apex acute: subgenital plate in general tri- gonal, the margin having a distinct angulate sinuation each side of the median V-emargination. Cephalic femora subequal to the pro- -notum in length, the ventro-cephalic margin with two spines distad: median femora with three to four spines in the same position on the same margin; all genicular lobes spined excepting the caudal ones of the cephalic femora. Caudal femora about three-fourths as long as the tegmina, robust proximad, narrowed distad, ventro-external margin with eight spines. General coloration clay color to ochraceous-buff, the abdomen approaching buckthorn brown, the dorsal aspect of the head and pronotum tinted with the same. Head with a large, solid facial area of moderately shining black, which dorsad involves all of the fastigium excepting its dorsal surface, the proximal antennal joint and the entire face, the black area expanding ventrad from as wide as the space between the ventro-cephalic section of the eyes to wider than that 15 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, between the latero-proximal angles of the clypeus, extending caudad as broad lines along the juxta-mandibular portion of the gene, and as three distinct dorso-ventral bars on the proximal half of the cly- — peus, one median, the others marginal: mandibles largely zinc orange: eyes dresden brown: antenne yellow ocher, becoming ochraceous tawny distad, with well-spaced annuli of mummy brown, these more closely placed proximad than distad, the same section of the antennsze — oe with the individual joints marked off by narrow shadow annuli of © mummy brown; ventral surface of second article barred transversely proximad and distad with mummy brown. Pronotum with a pair of — obliquely disposed spots of mummy brown laterad on the rounded shoulder at the cephalic fifth; pair of similar but very much weaker spots are placed immediately caudad of the transverse sulcus, the four spots having a cruciform disposition; area of the median im- pression washed faintly with mummy brown. ‘Tegmina with. their base color mummy brown, the venation, primary and secondary, forming a meshwork of warm buff to light buff. Wings infumate. tie Capa Ovipositor sanford’s brown. Limbs ochraceous-buff, the femoral spines (marginal) fuscous, with a fuscous spot surrounding the base of each, apices of the caudal femora infuscate; external face of the caudal femora with an oblique patterned area of fuscous, consisting of two long lines and portions of a number of generally transverse, briefly arcuate, lines: cephalic tibize with a fuscous patch on each face immediately distad of the foramina, the distal extremity also narrowly infuscate; median tibiz with similar areas in similar positions; caudal tibie marked with fuscous proximad and distad, all tibial spines tipped with fuscous, those of ventral surface with fuscous surrounding their bases. Length 'of body (exclusive of ovipositor), 20 mm.; length of pro- notum, 6.3; greatest width of pronotal disk, 3; length of tegmen, 19.8; greatest width of tegmen, 3.2; length of caudal femur, 14.5. The type of this most interesting species is unique. Gryllacrine. Gryllacris harpistylata n. sp. (PI. II, figs, 46, 47.) Allied to G. levigata Brunner,” but differing in the paired produc- tions of the disto-dorsal abdominal segment being closely placed mesad and spiniform, the whole segment more produced mesad, in the cerci being reduced to brief styliform appendages, in the sub- genital plate being large, moderately produced and having greatly 4 Verhandl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, XX XVIII, pp. 321, 344, pl. VIII, fig. 41c. [Upper Amazonia.] 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 205 elongate and recurved, hook-like, acute styles, in the smaller general proportions, but actually longer tegmina and wings, in the fewer spines on the ventral margin of the caudal femora, in the restriction of the infuscation of the head to the occiput and fastigium, and in the pronotum being broadly bivittate with fuscous. Type: o; Pard, State of Pard, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5323.] Size medium: form as usual in the genus, with greatly developed . tegmina and wings: surface moderately polished. Head broad, strongly transverse, the face markedly flattened, in fact slightly . impressed: occiput strongly arcuate transversely, in side view regu- larly rounding over the vertex into the face: vertex broad, about one and one-half times as wide as proximal antennal joint, lateral margins subparallel; lateral ocelli ovate, rather small, median ocellus large, elliptical: eyes rather prominent, weakly projecting dorsad, in basal outline elongate-ovoid: antenne imperfect, at least surpassing the apices of the tegmina and wings, heavy, brittle: third palpal joint moderately arcuate when seen from the side; fourth joint slightly longer than the third joint, straight, tapering proximad in the proximal half, distal half subequal in width, rather narrow; fifth joint slightly longer than the fourth joint, faintly enlarging distad. Pronotum transverse, in general form strongly rounded transversely: cephalic margin of dorsum faintly arcuate produced mesad; caudal margin arcuate laterad, shallowly and broadly arcuato-emarginate mesad; all margins more or less distinctly cingulate: transverse sulci two in number, the cephalic one placed close to the cephalic margin, being intermarginal and deeply impressed on the lateral lobes, the eaudal one placed a short distance cephalad of the caudal margin, on the dorsal surface being broadly obtuse-angulate in form, on the lateral lobes carried regularly and straight ventro-cephalad, joining the cephalic transverse sulcus; intervening area, area of humeral shoulders and caudal section of lateral lobes moderately bullate; a medio-longitudinal impressed area is indicated on the middle of the dorsum: lateral lobes of the pronotum subrectangulate in general form, cephalic margin of the lobes straight dorsad, curving through the rounded ventro-cephalic angle into the weakly oblique cephalic two-thirds of the ventral margin, this rounding into the reversed oblique, short caudal third of the same margin, ventro-caudal angle obtuse, caudal margin straight, no humeral sinus present. Tegmina distad becoming coriaceous and pilose, about one and two-thirds times as long as the body, broad, the greatest width at distal fourth and con- 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, tained but slightly more than three times in the greatest tegminal — length; costal margin strongly arcuate in proximal eighth, thence broadly and very shallowly arcuate emarginate to distal third, thence regularly and broadly arcuate to the rounded obtuse-angulate apex; sutural half of distal margin oblique rotundato-truncate, rounding into the sutural margin, which is broadly arcuate, flattened and straight mesad. Wings faintly surpassing the apices of the tegmina, the distal sections as coriaceous and pilose as the tegmina. Proster- — num unspined; meso- and metasternal lobes small, rounded laterad. Disto-dorsal abdominal segment large, half domed, dorsal surface with a pair of lateral patches of long pile, a medio-longitudinal im- pressed cuneiform area placed on the distal half, the free margin mesad supplied with a closely placed pair of slender processes, which when seen from the side are tapering, sinuate, with a recurved apex, these processes reaching as far caudad as the apex of the subgenital plate and their bases placed on each side of the median impression of - the segment: cerci simple, tapering, weakly depressed, incomplete in the type, sparse pilose: subgenital plate strongly produced in median linguiform development which is flattened, clothed with long — pile and laterad of the base of which spring styles of a most striking type; these being greatly produced, tapering, straight in their distal third, thence regularly arcuate dorsad and mesad, with the apex moderately decurving and produced in a distinct apical spine, the whole of the styles long pilose; the right style is simple, the left is compound, having a dorsal branch forking from the main style near its base, faintly more than one-half as long as the main branch, fol- lowing the principal arm in attenuation and curve but with an un- armed apex. Cephalic and median femora unarmed beneath; ceph- alic and median tibiz with three spines distad on each ventral margin. Caudal femora short, robust, weakly tapering distad, ventro-external margin with four to six spines, ventro-internal margin with three large distal and four minute proximal spines; caudal tibize with three external and four internal spines on the dorsal margin. General coloration between ochraceous-buff and zine orange, a broad V-shaped patch dorsad between the eyes and a pair of broad sinuate bars on the pronotum at the usual position of the lateral shoulders and also covering the dorsal half of the lateral lobes, bone brown. Eyes blackish fuscous. Tegmina colorless, semi- transparent proximad on marginal and discoidal fields and translucent washed with pale mummy brown distad; venation pencilled with prout’s brown, except immediately at the base of the tegmina, where 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 207 it is of the general color; anal field weakly suffused and venation heavily pencilled with bone brown. Wings with the venation weakly pencilled with prout’s brown. Disto-dorsal abdominal segment with the paired pilose areas touched with kaiser brown, the paired process of the same segment blackish fuscous; femoral and tibial spines tipped with chestnut brown. Length of body, 18 mm.; length of pronotum, 3.6; greatest width of pronotum, 4.2; length of tegmen, 29.5; greatest width of tegmen, 9.5; length of caudal femur, 9.6. The type is unique. Gryllacris cruenta Brunner. ; 1888. Gryllacris cruenta Brunner, Verhandl. k.-k. zool. botan. Gesell. Wien, XXXVIII, pp. 321, 345. [Upper Amazonia. | Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. This scarce and striking species has been recorded by Griffini, on the basis of a male, from Paramaribo, Surinam.“ His specimen showed certain differences from the original description, but these he considered to be individual. Our specimen also shows certain differences, but these are only in part those noted by Griffini. Our specimen has the coloration much like that given in the original description, less like that given by Griffini as far as the head and pronotum are concerned. The caudal femora have nine to ten spines on the ventro-internal margin instead of three to four as described, and eight as given by Griffini, while the external margin has seven to eight spines seven are given in the original description and six by Griffini. The caudal tibie have five spines on each dorsal margin instead of five internal and seven external as originally described, and six external and five to six internal as described by Griffini. It is evident there is considerable variation individually | in the number of these spines and their diagnostic value must not be overrated. The present specimen is slightly smaller than the original measurements of the female, except that the ovipositor is of exactly the same length. GRYLLIDZ. Gryliotalpine. Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille). 1804. Gryllotalpa didactyla Latreille, Hist. Nat. Gen. Crustac. et Ins., XII, p. 122. (Cayenne; Surinam.] Paramaribo, Surinam. (K. Mayo.) Two females. Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. (Thayer Expedition.) One female. [M. C. Z.] | Igarapé-assi. January 17 (1) and 23 (1), 1912. Five females. 4 Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., XII, p. 249, (1914). 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF These specimens all represent the iste: and narrow helided of the didactylus-camerant group. We have no Brazilian ‘materi: of this species in the collections before us other than those lis above, and it seems quite probable that som | of this species, particularly those of its oce ice a removed from the Guianan region, may relate to cam species. — We have material and records showing Mees Igarapé-assti series being very great. Ripipteryx circumcincta Saussure. 1874. Rhipipteryx circwmcincta Saussure, Miss. Scient. ae Rech. VI, p. 358. [South America.] | Pardé. (C. F. Baker.) One female. _ Igarapé-assi. December, 1911 and January 17, 1912 (two mens with dates). Four males, thirteen females. _ This series is quite uniform in coloration and si exact records we have for the occurrence of this specie of Bruner of material from es cries and ary State of Brazil. “spe cua Grylline. — eo Ce ee Hygronemobius albipalpus (Saussure). en 1877. Nlemobius] albipalpus Saussure, Mélang. Orthopt., dy tobe. y, {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] nee Igarapé-assi. January 17 to 28, 1912. Seven males, fou females. _ =f These specimens have been recorded by Hebard in his study fe) the genus.“ Nemobius brasiliensis (Walker). _ nia 1869. Argizala brasiliensis Walker, Catal. Dermapt Salt. Brit M 1S. 61. [Brazil; Santarem, Brazil.] © Igarapé-assi. One male. : : This widely distributed and striking species ‘ha been record C from as far south as Paraguay and north to Mexico. 3 Hemigryllus ortonii (Scudder). 1869. Nemobius ortonii Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Bist, XI, P. i [Napo or Marafion (Rivers).] Pardé. (C. F. Baker.) One female. 44 Entom. News, X XVI, p. 198. * We find that Bruner’s Nemobius argentinus, recently described sole. O, : carafia, Argentina (Ann. Carneg. Mus., X, p. 371, (1916)) is identical with the present author’s Nemobius hebardt, from Buenos Aires and the Misiones, Argen- tina, described over a year previous (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1915, P. 290, figs. 4 and 5, (1915)). rit tae » 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 209 Piexe Boi, east of Pard. November to December, 1907. (H. B. Merrill.) One female. | Igarapé-assi. January 17 and 23, 1912 (two individuals only with dates). Two males, five females. We have already resurrected and correctly placed this specific name,** which antedates Saussure’s kreichbaumeri, the designation under which this species has been universally reported in the literature. There is some variation in size in individuals of the same sex, but the diagnostic features are always well marked. Anurogryllus muticus (DeGeer). 1773. Gryllus muticus DeGeer, Mém. Hist. Ins., III, p. 520, pl. 43, fig. 2. [Surinam. | Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female. Igarapé-assi. Two females. The Igarapé-assti specimens are quite different in size, but this is not unusual in the species. The Parad individual is appreciably paler than the Igarapé-assti representatives, being more ferruginous and less fuscous. The three specimens examined all have caudate wings. APHEMOGRYLLUS” new genus. Related to Miogryllus Saussure, differing in the elongate and slender limbs, in the: elongate metatarsus of the caudal limbs, in the great reduction in size of the ventral pair of distal spurs of the caudal tibiz, in the striking disposition of the venation of the lateral field of the tegmina in both sexes, in the greater (o”) or lesser (2 ) strangulate character of the entire pronotum and in the tegmina of the male sex having no speculum present and the stridulating area very simply developed. | Generic Description—Head broader than the pronotum: inter- antennal portion of face subequal to greatest width of a single antennal scrobe, this area rounded in profile: eyes heptagonoid- ovate in outline, little prominent. Pronotum broader than long, distinctly (co) or appreciably (2) strangulate: lateral lobes distinctly longer than deep, the ventral margin obliquely arcuato-truncate. Tegmina of male with dorsal field but weakly developed as a stridulat- ing area, no speculum present; lateral field with two veins in addition to the mediastine vein, these diverging from the base and widely spaced: tegmina of female with venation of lateral field as in male, venation of dorsal field simple. Cephalic tibize with a decided}; 48 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XLIII, p. 128, (1916). 47 From a@, without; wyun voice and Gryllus. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, large, external foramen and a small internal one of variable exact — size and indication. Caudal tibie with each dorsal margin armed with four to five spines; distal spurs of caudal tibize three in number on each side, the median the longest in each group, ventral spur on each side short, the two subequal in length: caudal metatarsus elongate, over twice as long as the remaining tarsal joints, dorsal — surface armed the whole length of the external margin and distad on the internal margin, internal apical metatarsal spur over one- half as long as third tarsal joint. Ovipositor shorter than caudal femora, straight, apex acuminate, dorsal valves surpassing ventral ones. Aphemogryllus gracilis n.sp. (Pl. II, figs. 48-53.) Type: o&; Igarapé-asst, State of Pard, Brazil. February 6, 1912. (H. 8S. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5327.] Size small: form much like species of Nemobius: surface moderately polished. Head distinctly broader than the pronotum, moderately inflated: occiput strongly and regularly declivent from its caudal section to the interantennal protuberance; latter region but slightly wider than a single antennal scrobe, well rounded when seen from the side, its lateral margins faintly converging ventrad: ocelli disposed in a broad, depressed triangle, relatively large: palpi relatively short, robust, compressed; forth joint of same subequal to the third, slightly expanding; fifth joint distinctly compressed mesad, gradually expand- ing distad, the apical margin strongly oblique truncate: antenne > at least as long as the body. Pronotum strangulate when compared with the head, the greatest width about one and one-half times the greatest length: cephalic margin truncate, caudal margin feebly bisinuate, both margin strongly hirsute, the surface of the pronotum with many short, adpressed hairs; a fine medio-longitudinal sulcus present, which becomes weaker caudad: lateral lobes subquadrate, the ventral margin moderately arcuate ascendent caudad, the ventro-cephalic angle broadly rounded, the ventro-caudal obtuse. Tegmina well developed but falling slightly short of the apex of the body; apex well rounded: lateral field relatively broad; mediastine vein simple, preceded by two free veins, these diverging from an identical point near the base of the tegmen, the space between the vein itself and the first free vein quite wide; humeral and discoidal veins close to one another and at several points coalescing; stridulat- ing field relatively simple, no speculum present and normal Gryllid venation quite recognizable; median vein straight, simple; ulnar ™ Se, ee ea " re Ben ae Pos a ey eee ee ee en ey ee Oe oe NS ere ee 1918.] — NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 211 vein short, transverse;*8 anal vein following its general direction as the stridulating vein but not thickened, and from the general neigh- borhood of the usually present Grylloid anal node continuing an arcuate but longitudinal course to the apical margin of the tegmen; axillary veins three in number, the first terminating at the ‘‘node,”’ the second continued, following the trend of the anal vein, to a point of fusion distad on the sutural margin, third axullary vein following the sutural margin distad of the “node:” area between the ulnar and median veins mesad and distad wide, with three cross-veins*® and distad a spurious longitudinal vein; anal and axillary veins connected by a number of cross-veins. Wings caudate, sur- passing the closed tegmina by considerably more than the tegminal length. Cerci very elongate, nearly as long as the body, tapering. Subgenital plate moderately produced, spoon-shaped. Cephalic tibize with the cephalic face imperforate, but with a smooth elliptical area in the usual tympanal position; caudal face with a large, elongate, elliptico-reniform tympanum. Caudal femora moderately robust, the apex relatively slender: caudal tibia armed on the dorso-external margin with four spines, the dorso-internal margin with four to five spines; external distal spurs relatively short, the median one slightly more than a third as long as the metatarsus and half again as long as the dorsal one, ventral spur distinctly shorter than the dorsal one, internal distal spurs with the median and dorsal sub- equal in length, about one-half as long as the metatarsus, the ventral . small and subequal to the ventro-external spur: caudal metatarsus slender, moderately compressed distad; dorso-external margin with seven to nine adpressed spines, dorso-external spur faintly more than one-half as long as the internal one, the latter reaching to slightly distad of the middle of the third tarsal joint. Allotype: 2; Igarapé-assi, State of Pard, Brazil. January 23, 1912. (H.S. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] The following features are those of difference from the type. Pronotum faintly less strangulate; cephalic margin of same very shallowly arcuate-emarginate. Tegmina slightly shorter than in the male, reaching not quite to the middle of the abdomen; humeral and discoidal veins well separated, slightly diverging distad, humeral vein not furcate distad: dorsal field with the median, ulnar, anal and two axillary veins regularly disposed, cross-veins indicated 48 At least this is the usual position of the ulnar vein in the Grylline. 4 The ulnar vein (so-called) might be considered another one. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE RCE OF valves: shorter than the dorsal ones. Caudal: fie Sikh: tease spines on each dorsal margin: caudal metatarsus my Oe: to si spines on the dorso-external margin, in those having the darkest dorsal coloration dcteheeriees : buffy hyaline to weak fuscous hyaline, the venation of the do coloration. Head unicolorous with the mouth-parts washed with ochraceous-tawny to amber brown; ocelli ochraceous-buff to mars yellow; eyes mottled blackish-brown and dresden brown to mummy brown; palpi of the same coloration as the limbs; antenne of t general coloration. Wings whitish hyaline, with a brownish in the intensive specimens, with a distinct iridescence, lor veins colored similarly to those of the tegmina: Cerci of the ors coloration. Pubescence of the limbs golden. Caudal femora. eee : more or less completely with the dorsal coloration. Measurements (in millimeters) Length Length Greatest Length Greatest Length Length Length of body of pro- width of of teg- width of of wing ofcaudal of (exclusive notum prono- men dorsal distadof femur — of ovi- tum field of tegmen ~ “in positor) tegmen of uta Igarapé-asst, type...... 8.2 1.2 1.6 4.6 1.5 6.3 cA Meer eee Igarapé-asst, BP a PATALY Pl. ........0..c00-4 72 1.3 LS 42° eS 68 9? Igarapé-asst, . Ponce ALLOY Pe.......cccecceseeee 8.8 1.5 » 4.5 1.6 ri: Besa xs Igarapé-assu, ohne ea PATALY PC.2......cescc000 9.5 1 Ua 2.1 4.5 LG 42 5.5 Rio Pacaya, Peru, : POTALY DE: <<. ssccscediage 8.7 1.9 2.3 4.7 1.6 8.2 5.6 In addition to the type and allotype we have examined a paratypic series of seven; one male and three females bearing the same aes When examined for fontutes of variation we find that the paratypi male has five external and four internal dorsal marginal spines on the caudal tibie. The females all have four spines, excepting one from Igarapé-assi which has four internal on one limb and five o1 the other. The spines on the dorsal margin of the caudal metatarsus 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 213 vary from six to eight in number on the external margin and four to six on the internal margin in the paratypes. The paratypic male has the ulnar vein of the tegmina more oblique than in the type and the first cross-vein between the anal and median veins is also more oblique, forming an angle in the anal vein at its juncture, the next cross-vein obliquely sigmoid, while the proximal disposition of the axillary veins of the tegmina is also slightly different. One of the Rio Pacaya females has the humeral vein forked near the base. Miogryllus convolutus (Johannson). 1763. Gryllus convolutus Johannson, Amoen. Acad., VI, p. 399. [Surinam.] - Pardé. (C. F. Baker.) Two females. Igarapé-assi. January 17 to February 6, 1912. Four males, nine females. : : These specimens have already been recorded by Hebard in a study of the genus.*° Miogryllus verticalis (Serville). 1839. Gryllus verticalis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 343. [Cayenne.] ~ Igarapé-assti. One male. _ This macropterous individual has been recorded by Hebard in his study of the genus.*! Miogryllus tucumanensis Giglio-Tos. | 1894. G[ryllus| (Miogryllus) tucumanensis Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 41. [San Pablo, Province of Tucu- man, Argentina. ] Igarapé-assi. January 17, 1912 (one). Two females. These specimens fully agree with the description of this species, except for the presence of caudate wings and having the tegmina slightly longer and overlapping. They are, as far as we can determine, representative of the macropterous condition of this species, a-phase previously unknown. In the two specimens the tegmina measure 8.4 and 8.5 millimeters in length, while the other dimensions are as given in the original description. The reference of the species to Miogryllus is according to the original author, and merely tentative as far as we are concerned, for its exact relationship to Gryllodes remains to be determined, when more is known of the constancy and variation of characters in the. latter genus. , °° Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XXIII, p. 109, (1915). 51 Tbid., p. 121, (1915). 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or As far as eee the species hes been taken only at the two separated localities given above. Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius). ; ee 1775. [Acheta] assimilis Fabricius, Syst. hea ,p. - 280. ‘Vamaie Par4. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. — pee! Peixe-boi, east of Paré. November to Deane _ (H. B. Merrill.) One male, one female. Igarapé-assi. Two females. The Peixe-boi pair would be represented by the following . symbx as previously established by us: 7, AVauO1; 9, AVbuO2. Oecanthine. Lerneca varipes Walker. 1869. Lerneca varipes Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit, Mus Lr [Amazon Region. | ‘ Igarapé-assti. One female. This specimen is inseparable from individuals of bot § deees of this species from Caparo, Trinidad, comments on which | wil be published at a later date. _ ae 2 Trigonidiine. _ Anaxipha*® esau n. sp. PL II, figs. 54, 55.) Apparently a relative of A. tibialis (Saussure), but eee fides: off from any other species, studied or known to us, in the presence of : short, curved hairs placed along the veins of the tegmina and also regularly over the intervening areas, the exposed portion of the wings, : the body and the limbs being more decidedly haired than usual. From tibialis the present species also differs in the shorter and ‘more robust cephalic tibie, the shorter caudal metatarsi, in the reduction of the cross-veins in the dorsal field of the female tegmina, in the dis- tinct sculpturing of the main veins of the same and i in the more robust : general form. Type: 2; Igarapé-asst, State of Para, Brazil. “iehrane : 1912. (H. 8. Parekh, ) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5342.] _ . Size small: form elongate, slender, subcylindrical, wings caudae surface closely and relatively heavily haired, on the p temas the hairs 2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1915, p. 319, (1915). ee 53 For comments on the characters separating Cyrtoxipha and Anadis see Rehn and Hebard, Entom. News, XXIII, pp. 411 and 412; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1916, pp. 300 to 302 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 215 are particularly disposed along the longitudinal veins. Head with the greatest width across the eyes subequal to the greatest width at the caudal margin of the pronotum; when seen from the side the inter- ocular section of the head is regularly declivent from the narrowly rounded occiput, interantennal protuberance broadly rounded when seen in the same view, when seen from the dorsum subcompressed; hairs on the rostrum decurved: eyes with axis subvertical, in basal outline broad ovoid, prominent when seen from the dorsum, slightly projecting cephalad: antennz surpassing the body in length, proximal joint large, moderately deplanate: palpi with the third and fourth joints slender, the third subequal in width; the fourth faintly expand- ing distad, slightly shorter than the third; fifth joint reversed pyra- midical, about one and one-half times as long as the distal margin, which is straight truncate, the joint slightly flattened. Pronotum transverse, its greatest caudal width nearly equal to one and one-half times the greatest length of the same, narrowing cephalad, so that the cephalic width is distinctly less than the caudal width and faintly less than the width of the adjacent portion of the head, in transverse section the pronotum is regularly rounded dorsad and into the lateral lobes; cephalic margin of the dorsum gently arcuate, the caudal margin broadly obtuse-angulate, the immediate angle narrowly rounded, both margins faintly cingulate; hairs on the pronotum large and chetiform, those along the caudal margin directed dorso- caudad, those on the lateral lobes directed cephalad; a short cephalo- median longitudinal sulcus present; lateral lobes longer than deep, rounding into the dorsal surface; ventro-cephalic angle broadly rounded, ventral margin straight, ventro-caudal angle narrowly rounded, caudal margin straight; surface of the lateral lobes obliquely impressed. Tegmina reaching to the apex of the abdomen, pilosity covering the dorsal surface from the region of the humeral angle, the lateral field almost unhaired; lateral field with three veins, of which one parallels the margin, another is very brief, the third reaches the costal margin at about the distal fourth of the field; mediastine, humeral, discoidal and median veins of the tegmina subparallel, straight; ulnar vein arcuate proximad; anal vein bent both proximad and distad, straight between, joining the axillary vein at the distal third of the tegmen; axillary veins two in number, these joining and continuing as a single vein. Exposed portion of the wings projecting distad of the closed tegmina a distance slightly greater than one-half the length of the tegmina, haired similar to the tegmina. Ovipositor no longer than the head and pronotum together, robust, dorsal mar- 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, — gin nearly straight, ventral margin arcuate in distal half, apex acumi- nate: subgenital plate narrowly fissate-emarginate mesad. Cephalic tibize short, broadly fusiform inflated in proximal two-thirds, subequal and subcompressed in distal third; cephalic face with a large elliptico-~ reniform tympanum, caudal face with a much smaller elliptical tym- panum. Caudal femora subequal in length to the tegmina, moder- ately inflated; caudal tibize with three pairs of marginal spurs, which are not opposite in their insertion, the external series slightly more proximal in their position when compared with their equivalent on the internal series, the internal spurs faintly arcuate, their dorso-internal edge also faintly thickened, knife-like and pencilled with blackish; disto-external spurs small; disto-internal spurs very much longer, the dorsal one about two-thirds as long as the metatarsus, the dorso- internal margin thickened and pencilled as on the internal marginal spurs; metatarsi slightly longer than the remaining tarsal joints combined, a single spine present at the disto-internal angle, the in- ternal spur of the metatarsus large, reaching almost to the extremity of the tarsus, slightly falcate, with the dorsal edge thickened and pencilled as is the case with the other internal spurs. General color ochraceous-buff, the head distinctly and the pro- notum faintly washed with weak russet; eyes clear russet; exposed portion of the wings faintly washed with mummy brown, the veins pale; at distal fourth the cephalic and median femora bear narrow, incomplete annuli of weak mummy brown, indications of a similar one are present on the pregenicular section of the caudal femora. Length of body, 4.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 1; greatest (caudal) width of pronotum, 1.3; length of tegmen, 3.7; length of exposed por- tion of wing, 2.7; length of caudal femur, 3.6; length of ovipositor, 1.6. The type of this species is unique. Anaxipha angusticollis (Saussure). 1874. Cyrtoxipha angusticollis Saussure, Miss. Scient. Mex., Rech. Zool., VI, p. 377, pl. 7, fig. 2. [Eastern Cordillera of Mexico.] Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. Igarapé-assu. February 1, 1912 (two). Three females. This striking species, which shows great diversity in form between. the sexes, has the coloration more generally punctate, from the pres- ent material, than previous descriptions would lead one to suppose. The agreement with the features of the detailed original description is so full there can be no question of the identity, or at the most the very close relationship of the present material. Chopard reported the species from St. Jean du Maroni, French Guiana, and Bruner 1918.] “NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 217 refers material from Cacagualito, Colombia; Sao Luiz de Caceres, Matto Grosso, Brazil, and British Guiana to it, while Bugaba, Pan- ama is given by Saussure, in the Biologia, as another locality. The form of the whole thorax of the male is so remarkable that its isola- tion from the other members of the genus is quite marked. Anaxipha conspersa (Bruner). 1916. Cyrtoxipha conspersa Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., X, p. 406. [Las Juntas” (250 m.), Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.| Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. We have referred this specimen to conspersa although it shows several features of difference, which, however, we feel are due to in- dividual or sexual variation, lack of note or over-emphasis in the original description. In our specimen we see no distinct indication of the ridge, ‘‘ which separates this region (7. e., depressed section of the vertex) from the front.” There is, however, a slight elevation covering the base of the inter-antennal protuberance, which may be the feature referred to by Bruner. The other feature is that the whole occiput caudad of the transverse arcuate depression is solidly mars brown. Anaxipha simulacrum n. sp. (PI. IT, figs. 56-59.) The slender form, the blackish antenne and the shape of the ceph- alic tibize and of the ovipositor are quite characteristic of this very dis- tinct species, which has, at a glance, a Cyrtoxiphine appearance. The head and palpi, however, are Anaxiphine in character. The species is not closely related to any of the other forms known to us. é' Type: 9; Igarapé-assti, State of Para, Brazil. (H. 8. Parish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5340.] Size very large (for the genus): form moderately elongate, slender, terete: surface of body moderately shining, with numerous hairs, the marginal ones of the pronotum, particularly laterad, elongate and curved. Head in general vertical, its axis slightly retreating ventro-caudad, its greatest longitudinal length slightly less than the greatest depth (including the mandibles); in lateral view the occiput is well arcuate caudad of and between the eyes, thence very strongly arcuate-declivent to the inter-antennal region, which is rounded obtuse-angulate, the ventral section retreating to the clypeal suture; when seen from the dorsum the occiput is broad, very broad behind the eyes, the narrowest portion of the interocular section slightly less than half the width of the head at the caudal margin of the eyes, the least interocular width subequal to the transverse width 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, . of one of the eyes, width of the interantennal protuberance hardly more than one-half that of the interocular space: when seen from the dorsum the eyes are moderately prominent, when seen in lateral view they are sub-reniform ovoid: antennz with the proximal joint — broad, subdepressed, the internal margin roundly enlarged; remainder of antenne incomplete: palpi slender, elongate, third joint faintly longer than the fifth and distinctly longer than the fourth joint; fifth joint trumpet-shaped, its length about two and one-half times the distal width, distal truncation faintly oblique. Pronotum slightly longitudinal when seen from the dorsum, regularly rounding transversely, when seen from the dorsum slightly expanding caudad; cephalic margin of the dorsum truncate mesad, caudal margin moderately arcuate, these margins cingulate; dorsum with the medio-longitudinal sulcus indicated on the cephalic two-thirds, very deeply so in the median region, a transverse sulcus weakly indicated mesad: lateral lobes longitudinal, with a distinct caudo- ventral trend; cephalic margin and ventro-cephalic angle regularly and broadly rounded, ventro-caudal angle rounded rectangulate, caudal margin slightly oblique, straight, the vicinity of the ventro- caudal angle strongly impressed. ‘Tegmina slightly surpassing the apex of the abdomen, the closed pair cylindrical when seen from the dorsum, the outline of the dorsal field narrowing in the distal fifth; venation simple, prominent, transverse nervures regularly placed, separating areas which are regularly oblong: lateral field with the discoidal vein straight, regularly but weakly diverging from the humeral vein, incomplete veins costad of the mediastine vein two in number. Wings fully developed, caudate, projecting distad of the tegmina a distance slightly greater than the length of the head and pronotum combined. Ovipositor moderately elongate, relatively slender, very faintly arcuate proximad, more strongly so distad; distal extremity moderately acute, weakly crenulate on the dorsal margin, almost to the weak swelling, which is situated at the distal three-fifths: subgenital plate slightly broader than long, the apex briefly fissate, rounding narrowly into the margins of the plate. Cephalic and median limbs elongate, straight, moderately tapering: cephalic femora subequal to the combined length of the head and pronotum; cephalic tibiz subequal to the femora in length, the distal half quite slender, both faces of the tibize with elongate reni- form tympana, those of the two faces subequal in size: median femora faintly shorter than the cephalic ones; tibize subequal in length to the cephalic tibiz and distinctly surpassing the median eer 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 219 femora. Caudal femora moderately robust, tapering, surpassing the apex of the ovipositor and falling but slightly short of the tips of the wings; caudal tibie subequal to the femora in length, very slender, the dorsal margins armed with three pairs of spurs, which are not paired in position, those of the external margins being more proximal in position than the corresponding spur on the internal margin, the spurs slender, slightly faleate or but faintly hooked at the apex, their length about two and one-half times the depth of the tibial shaft; disto-external spurs very short, the median one three times as long as the dorsal and nearly twice as long as the ventral one; disto-internal spurs two in number, elongate, weakly falcate, the dorsal one about one-half as long as the metatarsus and half again as long as the ventral one: caudal metatarsi about one-fourth as long as the tibiz, straight, the dorsal surface with a short recumbent spine on each margin distad, the internal distal spur about one- half again as long as the external one; second tarsal joint elongate cordiform, the third slender. _ Allotype: o&; same data as type. January 26, 1912. Differing from the description of the type in the following features: Tegmina relatively narrow when seen from the dorsum (the pair in repose), narrowing distad: lateral field of the tegmina relatively broad, subequal in width; mediastine vein diverging regularly from the humeral vein distad, the area between with a number of trans- verse nervures which divide it into rectangulate spaces; three free veins are present in the proximal section of the lateral field costad of the mediastine vein: humeral vein curving costad at its apex: speculum elongate diamond-shaped, its length about one-half that of the dorsal field of the tegmen, its greatest length slightly more than one-half its length; postaxillary veins three in number; axillary veins two in number. Styles reaching to the apices of the caudate wings. General color buff-yellow, the pubescence largely golden. In the female there is a medio-longitudinal line of raw umber on the closed tegmina, which is distinct proximad and weakens distad. Eyes fuscous-black; antennz distad of the proximal joint blackish, the prox- imal one washed distad with fuscous; second and third tarsal joints of all tarsi washed with fuscous-black; ovipositor rich chestnut brown. Measurements (in millimeters). Length Length Length Length Length ot of of f , bade: pronotum. tegmen. caudal femur, Garkanaitocin oS type..... ree 8 1.5 5.3 5.2 2.5 D ALOE Y PE oc secsscsseseesssssse 7 1.4 6 5. comeranaies The type and allotype are the only specimens known to us. 16 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, Anaxipha smithi (Saussure). 1897. Cyrtoxipha smithi Saussure, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 236. [Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.] Igarapé-assi. One female. We have assigned this specimen to smitht without having seen Mexican material of either sex, but it agrees with the description, which was based on the male sex, in all features of any importance. Actual comparison may show the Brazilian material to be distinct, but at this time we know of no evidence requiring its separation. The ovipositor is short and robust, much like in zmtator, but the form of the ovipositor is more robust, with a more decided angle to the dorsal line in imitator, while the palpi are more slender and the cephalic tibie less robust in smithi, the coloration also being different. Chopard™ has reported this species from four localities in French Guiana. : Anaxipha aptera (Chopard). 1912. Clyrtoxipha] aptera Chepsel: Ann. Soc. Entom. France, LXXX1L, . p. 410, 4 figs. [Charvein, St. Laurent and Nouveau-Chantier, French Guiana.] Paré. (C. F. Baker.) One male. Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana. (K. Mayo.) One male. [A. N. 8. P.] The wingless condition of the known material of this species may not be a specific character of the form, as quite a few species are known to be dimorphic in this respect. The Parad individual has four reddish brown longitudinal lines on the vertex and occiput, the median pair continued on the interantennal protuberance. The Paramaribo specimen has these absent. Anaxipha minuta (Linnzus). 1767. [Gryllus] minutus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., ed. XII, p. 694. [‘‘ America” (Surinam according to DeGeer).| Parad. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female. Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana. (K. Mayo.) Three females. There is so little in the literature to enable us to pin this name down to a definite species, that we are under the necessity of using it for an insect not disagreeing with the insufficient diagnosis, and found in the region from which minuta was supposed to have come. The Linnean material is probably not in existence, as Stal did not feel that he had it before him, when preparing the Recensio, although part of the basic material of DeGeer’s testaceus, which is generally considered synonymous with minuta, was in his hands. The present 5 Ann. Soc. Entom. France, LX XXI, p. 407, (1912). 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 221 species shows no features of difference from the Linnean description which might not be due to discoloration of the oe ars material. Anaxipha cayennensis (Saussure). 1897. Cyrtoviphus aztecus var. cayennensis Saussure, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 235. [Cayenne.] Igarapé-assi. (H.S. Parish.) Two males. We have used for comparison material from British Guiana, and found some slight differences, chiefly in the relative width of the ‘dorsal field of the tegmina, but nothing sufficiently marked or con- stant to make it advisable to separate the two lots. Saussure considered this merely a variety of azteca, but we prefer to give the name specific rank until more is known concerning its relationship to azteca, in this following Chopard and Bruner. The former author has recorded the species from Nouveau-Chantier, French Guiana; the latter from Santarem, Brazil. Our material is of similar small size to that reported by Bruner.®*° Anaxipha nitida (Chopard). 1912. C[yrtoxipha] nitida Chopard, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, LXXXI, p. 408, 4 figs. [N ouveau-Chantier, French Guiana. | Parad. (C. F. Baker.) One female. This individual is fully typical of the present striking and beautiful species, although slightly smaller than the original measurements. The antennze are broadly white annulate on a fuscous ground, at a point about three millimeters from their bases. The coloration of the antenne is not mentioned in the original description. Anaxipha variegata (Chopard). 1912. Clyrtoxipha| variegata Chopard, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, LXXXI, p. 407, 4 figs. [St. Laurent and Nouveau-Chantier, French Guiana.] Pardé. (C. F. Baker.) One male. This specimen may prove to be distinct.from true variegata, as it shows certain color features not mentioned by Chopard, but, at pres- ent, we prefer to consider these individuals variations or the color features to have been omitted from the description by Chopard. The antenne are solid blackish proximad, then follows a broad cream- colored area, which contains two narrow brown annuli, distad of this the color is pale brownish with regularly placed dark brown annuli. The occiput is pale yellow, caudad broadly blackish brown, like the face and between the eyes, in the middle of the yellow area is a trans- verse bar of blackish brown. The median femora, like the cephalic ones, have a distal pale area colored like the tibiz, and in addition a median annulus of the same. 5 Ann. Carneg. Mus., X, p. 404, (1916). 222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, Anaxipha incompta (Walker). 1869. Eneoptera incompta Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., I, p. 67. [Tapayos[Tapajos], Brazil.] | Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One male. We are identifying this specimen with Walker’s species provision- ally, or at least until we can ascertain more about the type of the species, as the description is woefully inadequate. Anaxipha tibialis (Saussure). 1897. Cyrtoxipha tibialis Saussure, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orth., I, p. 236, abe XI, fig. 40. [Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.] Parad. (C. F. Baker.) Two males, three females. These specimens show no differences from the description of tibialis and we see no alternative but to record them as that species, although comparison with Mexican material is not at present possible. - The two male specimens show differences which demonstrate the presence in males of this species of a broad and a narrow type of teg- - mina, and consequently of the tympanum, also in both sexes of re- cessive and intensive types of coloration. In the former of these color types the dark lateral bar is quite narrow, distinctly dorsad on the lateral lobes, and on the tegmina pencils but the immediate vicinity of the mediastine vein; in the intensive type the bar is broad — and covers all of the lateral lobes except the ventro-cephalic portion, which is yellow, and on the tegmina suffuses a broad belt costad of the mediastine vein. As we here understand the species it is not far removed from imi- tator (Saussure), from which it differs in the narrower head and pro- notum, slightly different shape of the cephalic tibize and more re- stricted, less solidly infuscate dark areas on the pronotum and teg- mina. Anaxipha paraensis n. sp. (Pl. II, figs. 60-62.) Apparently related to A. tolteca (Saussure), described from eastern Mexico, but differing in the broadly rounded lateral shoulders of the pronotum, and in the shorter and narrower tegmina, which have the speculum more longitudinal. Doubtless other features of difference exist which will become Spee eet on actual comparison of the two forms. Type: o'; Parad, State of Pard, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5348.] Size relatively large, broad, tegmina well vaulted: surface of body well clothed with hairs, which are bristly on the head and pronotum. Head trigonal in cephalic aspect, faintly deeper than broad: occiput moderately declivent to the inter-antennal region, with numerous 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 223 bristles which are directed ventro-cephalad; inter-antennal pro- tuberance equal to about one-half the least width of the inter-ocular region: eyes very prominent when seen from the dorsum, their con- vexity directed cephalo-laterad, when seen from the side their basal outline is reniform-ovoid, the narrower portion ventrad: antenne reaching at least to the apices of the wings, the proximal jot enlarged but simple: palpi slender, the third and fifth joints subequal in length, the third joint slightly arcuate; fourth joint about two-thirds as long as the third joint; fifth joint trumpet-shaped, the distal margin very faintly oblique-truncate. Pronotum transverse, strongly and regularly narrowing cephalad, the width at the caudal margin about one-third greater than the length of the pronotum, the dorsum broadly and regularly rounding into the lateral lobes; surface of the dorsum and lateral lobes with scattered curved bristles, the margins, but particularly the cephalic, with a regularly placed series of smaller bristles; cephalic margin of the disk faintly arcuate, the caudal mar- gin more distinctly but weakly arcuate; medio-longitudinal impres- sion distinctly but not deeply indicated on the greater portion of the disk, transverse impression distinct, median, arcuate: lateral lobes distinctly longer than deep, subrectangular; cephalic margin oblique, the ventro-cephalic angle rounded obtuse, ventral and caudal margins each straight, the ventro-caudal angle narrowly rounded rectangu- late, the lobes well inbent ventro-caudad. Tegmina broad, distinctly broader than the body, in length slightly surpassing the apex of the body: lateral field broad, subequal in depth; costal margin in greater portion straight, very faint intimation of an emargination mesad, arcuate distad; mediastine vein arcuate proximad and dis- tad, straight for the greater portion of its length, little distant from and subparallel to the humeral vein in the proximal half, the area between these veins crossed by numerous straight transverse nervures; costal section of the marginal field with three incomplete veins, the third of which is a ramus of the mediastine vein: humeral and dis-’ coidal veins closely placed, subparallel; median vein parallel to the other veins of the humeral trunk, slightly weaker; stridulating vein regularly arcuate; ulnar vein regularly sigmoid; axillary veins three in number of which the third is strumose; post-axillary veins three in number; speculum roughly diamond-shaped, but slightly longer than broad, the sutural angle the only one of the four which is dis- tinctly rounded, the figure within the speculum complete, ovoid- subcordiform, its area coriaceo-rugulose; apex of the dorsal field of the tegmina slightly acute-angulate. Wings strongly caudate, pro- 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, jecting distad of the tegmina a distance equal to the length of the tegmina, the exposed portion of the wings faintly fusiform when seen from the side, the dorsal and ventral margins of the same rather thickly hirsute. Styles elongate, slender, tapering, falling but slightly short of the tips of the closed wings: subgenital plate elongate, scoop-shaped, narrowing distad, the distal margin narrowly bisar- cuate. Limbs moderately slender, elongate. Cephalic femora moderately tapering; cephalic tibize subequal in length to the femora, the proximal five-eighths moderately bullate, the distal three-eighths relatively slender, tympana perforating both faces of the tibie, that of the cephalic face relatively large, elongate acute-elliptical, of the caudal face but little more than half that size and ovoid in form. Median tibiz slightly surpassing the femora in length, but faintly - larger in proximal half than in distal half. Caudal femora subequal to the tegmina in length, moderately inflated proximad, tapering thence distad, genicular region very small: caudal tibize in length subequal to the femora, three pairs of marginal spurs present, those of the external margin more proximal in position than those of the internal, the spurs nearly straight with the immediate apex.briefly hooked; disto-external spurs small, the middle one not more than one- fifth as long as the metatarsus, the dorsal one not more than one-half as long as the middle one, the ventral one about two-thirds as long as the middle one; disto-internal spurs two in number, the dorsal one heavy, tapering, very faintly hooked at the apex, in length slightly more than two-thirds as long as the metatarsus, the ventral spur about three-fifths as long as the dorsal one, more slender: caudal metatarsi slightly less than a fourth as long as the caudal tibie, each dorsal margin distad with a single spine, external apical spur about two-thirds as long as the internal one. | General color buckthorn brown, the tegmina dresden brown, the head and thoracic bristles fuscous. The lower face with a weak pat- tern of liver brown, the interantennal protuberance dorsad with a pair of short, narrow lines of blackish; eyes tawny-olive; antennz chamois, largely washed on all but the ventral surface with bister. Pronotum, as well as the dorsal surface of the head, with a weak pattern of vandyke brown. Tegmina with the venation lined to a variable degree with bister, those distad on the lateral field with this most evident. Wings with the exposed portion heavily washed with fuscous, the cross veins of the paler general color. Cephalic and median tibize weakly marked with fuscous, the tarsi of the same limbs with the same color. Caudal femora with the genicular extremity, ¢ Cray ne Aeacy ‘ a, : } 5 ; ms nts ee pete ers J A, Pan en 4 if Matera rege ins eee Me eee oe Nn aspen oa et ae Aig aia seaeleaa c= > ‘ rl Mee as me eee oe JIN Ce ee ws Vi ol ee aap eee 3 nce cet ne Rey et a er se ee et eee, 1) ea. Bay 2, {ae 5 on: eae anh g * een ee pO ee eee ep ele See eS ae ee te) 7 - in 4 ela ee yd . Nc tect 4 | eet eee ro Dene STOEL ASP a aa GRP INE re pot ian © yj lima Pata eS Las ate Oh hpi : fe VES os Ae uty ARTE AEE | a eres Tae Dat sid, Me ee i < actenagta at ES CE eee eee [May, long as deep, somewhat impressed ventrad; ventro-cephalic angle | broadly rounded, ventral margin arcuate, ventro-caudal angle rounded obtuse and broadly lamellato-cingulate, the other margins” rather narrowly cingulate. Tegmina surpassing the tips of the - caudal femora by about the length of the-pronotum; when seen from the dorsum the lateral borders of the dorsal fields of the tegmina regularly converge distad: lateral field of uniformdepth inthe proximal i third, thence regularly narrowing distad; mediastine vein with five rami; lateral field with five proximal free veins; hyaline intercalated field very elongate, reaching to the proximal third of the lateral field: dorsal field rather narrow, five times as long as greatest breadth, regularly narrowing in distal half; between the median and the short anal vein there is but a brief section of the ulnar vein which is distinctly traceable, all the other longitudinal nervures irregular and sinuate, the cross-veins irregularly distributed and oblique sectors not clearly defined; anal and the two axillary veins oblique, straight, regularly disposed, connected by numerous cross- veins. Wings surpassing the tegmina by slightly more than the length of the pronotum. Cerci very slender, elongate, reaching almost to the tips of the wings, clothed with numerous, rather adpressed, short hairs and sparse, erect, long hairs, decurved: sub- genital plate elongate scaphiform, subcompressed, with a deep medio-longitudinal sulcus on the ventral surface; distal margin U-emarginate. Limbs moderately slender, third joint of tarsi slender. Cephalic tibiz with an elongate elliptical foramen on the cephalic face, caudal face imperforate. Caudal femora moderately slender, about two-thirds as long as the tegmina: caudal tibie very faintly shorter than the caudal femora; dorsal surface armed distad as follows: on external margin with five major spines, on internal margin with six, those of the internal slightly longer than those of the external; the intercalated spinulations placed, on external margin—3 (or 4), 4, 2, 1, on internal margin—l, 2 (or 3), 2, 1, 0; dorso-internal distal spur over twice as long as the ventral, almost as long as the metatarsus; external distal spurs short: caudal metatarsi armed on the dorso-external margin with a single (distal) spinula- tion, on the dorso-internal margin with three spinulations, metatarsal spurs very long, the internal slightly longer than the external, faintly arcuate when seen from the side, arcuate proximad when seen from the dorsum. Allotype: 2 ; same data as type. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Differing from the description of the male (type) in the following 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 233 features. Size larger: form and vestiture similar. Head slightly _ deeper than width across the eyes: ocelli similar to those of the male - but slightly smaller. Pronotum with cephalic margin distinctly. arcuato-emarginate; lateral borders of disk less distinctly diverging caudad than in the male. Tegmina surpassing the tips of the caudal femora: mediastine vein with eight rami; lateral field with five free veins proximad: dorsal field with its width contained slightly more than five times in the tegminal length. Cerci very elongate, appreciably surpassing the tips of the wings: subgenital plate of the type usual in the female sex of the genus, moderately compressed: ovipositor in length surpassing that of the caudal femora by not more than one-half the dorsal length of the pronotum, slender, compressed, moderately decurved in proximal half, thence straight; apical valves acute lanceolate, ventro-external surface of valves shagreenous, the ventral surface crassly crenate-dentate, the productions unequal and irregular in size, these arranged in several series. Caudal tibie with the intercalated spinulations numbering 3 (or 5), 3, 2, 1 (or 2) on the external margin; 2, 3 (or 4), 1, 1, 0 on the internal margin. General coloration of the male buckthorn brown, of the female between cinnamon-brown and dresden brown, in both sexes with an overlying coloration of points of mummy brown and blackish fuscous; pubescence pale golden. Head with the ocelli bordered dorsad by a transverse, poorly defined band of fuscous; ocelli naples yellow; eyes hazel, obliquely and rather irregularly barred dorsad with three lines of fuscous; antenne multiannulate with mummy brown on an ochraceous-buff ground, the contrast decided in the male, hardly apparent in the female. Pronotum with the cephalic and caudal margins beaded with fuscous except in the male, where the caudal margin is unmarked dorsad. Tegmina with the median vein strongly, closely and quite regularly beaded with blackish fuscous, except in proximal fifth, spot at base of humeral trunk blackish fuscous; dorsal surface with five oblique clouds of fuscous in the female, the cross-veins largely lined with fuscous, in the male no clouds are indicated and but a few cross-veins are pencilled; lateral field of female with cross-veins pencilled with fuscous; longitudinal veins all lined with dull ochraceous-tawny; intercalated field washed with mummy brown in the male, nearly clear hyaline in the female. Limbs thickly and closely speckled with fuscous in the female, in the male this hardly indicated on the caudal limbs, and much less distinctly so on the others than in the female; caudal 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF femora with the ventral margin broadly beaded with fuscous distad; caudal tibize with the spines and spurs annulate mesad with fuscous Ovipositor with the tips fuscous. “ie & (type). Length of body, 19.5 mm.; Jengih: of pronotum, eee, greatest (caudal) width of pronotum, 4.4; length | 0 -19:— greatest width of dorsal field of tober 3. 95 lengt! femur, 12.8. Beeee eS 2 (allotype). Length of body, 18 mm.; length of pronot 3.6; greatest (caudal) width of pronotum, 5; length of tegmen, 22.2; greatest width of dorsal field of tegmen, 4.4; length of caudal “ ur, 15; length of ovipositor, 16. : ict The type and allotype are the only individuals of the spec oS seen by us. It is evident that the male is in a recessive type of coloration, the female in an intensive one. EXPLANATION OF PLATES I AND IL PiaTE I. Bre es. Fig. 1.—Ischnoptera crispula new species. Wing of male (type). (x6) . Fig. 2.—Ischnoptera crispula new species. Pronotum of male (type). - view. (X6.) ee Fig. 3.—Ischnoptera crispula new species. Genital orifice of male (type). Cau . elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 4.—Ischnoptera crispula new species. Subgenital plate of male (type Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 5.—Ischnoptera imparata new species. Wing of sakes (type). (x8, be Fig. 6.—Ischnoptera imparata new species. Pronotum of male (type). — view. (X6.) Fig. 7.—Ischnoptera imparata new species. Genital orifice of male (type). Can dal elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 8.—Ischnoptera imparata new species. Subgenital plate of male (type) Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged. ) Fig. 9.—Ischnoptera clavator new species. Wing of male (type). (X4.)-" = a8 Fig. 10.—I. ere clavator new species. Pronotum of male (type). Dorsal me view. (X6.) ne Fig. 11.—Ischnoptera clavator new species. Genital orifice of male (type). C elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 12.—Ischnoptera clavator_new_ species. Subgenital plate of male (type Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 13.—Ischnoptera castanea Saussure. Genital orifice of male. Igarapé-ass, Brazil. Caudal elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) aa Fig. 14.—I schnoptera castanea Saussure. Subgenital plate of male. assti, Brazil. Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged. Fig. 15. —Cariblatta igarapensis new species. Pronotum of male (type). : view. (X6.) : Fig. 16.—Cariblatta igarapensis new species. Genital orifice of male (yt : Caudal elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 17.—Cariblatia igarapensis new species. Wing of male (type). (X5.) Fig. 18.—Cariblatta igarapensis new species. Subgenital plate of male Cove) Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 19.—Chorisoneura porn new species. Pronotum of male (type). Dorsal view. (X7. si Fig. OTe parishi new species. Tegmen and wing of male (type). x7. ot 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 235 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 21.—Chorisoneura parishi new species. Subgenital plate of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.) 22.—Melestora minutissima new species. Dorsal view of male (type). (X7.) 23.—Melestora minutissima new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) 24.—Tetratenia surinama (Linn.). Median femur of male. Parad, Brazil. (Greatly enlarged.) 25.—Tetratenia phila new species. Median femur of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.) acne ~n surinama (Linn.). Caudal femur of male. Para, Brazil. x3.) 27.—Tetratenia phila new species. Caudal femur of male (type). (X3.) 28.—Chloropseustes leucotylus new genus and species. Lateral view of male (type). (X2%.) ; 29.—Chloropseustes leucotylus new genus and species. Pronotum of male (type). Dorsalview. (X7.) 30.—Chloropseustes leucotylus new genus and species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Lateral elevation. (X7.) 31.—Chloropseustes leucotylus new genus and species. Apex of abdomen of female (allotype). Lateral elevation. (X?7.) 32.—Bucephalacris falcifer new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). ~ Dorsal view. (X7.) 33.—Bucephalacris falcifer new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Lateral elevation. (X7.) 34.—Sitalces jugatus new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Lat- eral elevation. (X6.) 35.—Sitalces jugatus new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Dorsal view. (X6.) Puate II, 36.—Cerata capra new species. Meso- and metasternal lobes of female (type). (X3.) Goes 37.—Ceraia capra new species. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of female (type). (X2.) 38.—Scaphura sphex new species. Lateral view of tegmen of male (type). © x 13.. 80.—Seaphura sphex new species. Head of male (type). Dorsal outline. 4. 40.—Scaphura sphex new species. Pronotum of male (type). Lateral ele- vation. (X3.) 41.—Phlugis chelifera new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Dorsal view. (Greatly enlarged.) 42.—Phlugis chelifera new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type).% Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) 43.—Phlugis chelifera new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type).® Lateral elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) 44.—Paralobaspis personata new species. Pronotum of female (type). Lateral elevation. (X3.) Biter eee ice personata new species. Ovipositor of female (type). 46.—Gryllacris harpistylata new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type) Dorsal view. (Greatly enlarged.) 47.—Gryllacris harpistylata new species. Apex of abdomen of male (type). Lateral elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) 48.—A phemogryllus gracilis new genus and species. Tegmen of male (type). Dorsal field. (X8.) 49.—A phemogryllus gracilis new genus and species. Tegmen of male (type). Lateral field. (X8.) 56Cerci and supra-anal plate drawn from paratype as they are flexed inward in type. 17 236 Fig. Fig. . 52.—A phemogryllus gracilis new genus and species. . 538.—Aphemogryllus gracilis new genus and species. : . 54.—Anaxipha esau new species. Caudal tarsus. and e: ig. 55.—Anaxipha esau new species. Cephalic tibia s of female (type). . 56.—Anaxipha simulacrum new species. Dorsal field of ‘tegmen. of . 57.—Anazipha simulacrum new species. Head and pronotum of fe 1 . 58.—Anaxipha simulacrum new species. Cephalic tibia of female (type). . 59.—Anazxipha simulacrum new species. Ovipositor of female (type). . 60.—Anazipha parensis new species. Dorsal field of tegmen of male (type). ‘ . 61. tates parensis new species. Palpus of male (type). . 62. Ragen parensis new species. Cephalic tibia of male a i ) ig. 63.—Anazipha fistulator new species. Dorsal field of tegmen 0 male ( ype). . 64, ancnphs fistulator new species. Pronotum of male (type). Lateral . 65.—Anaxipha fistulator new species. Palpus of male (type). one . . ig. 66.—Anaxipha fistulator new species. Cephalic tibia of male (type). ‘ . 67.—Anaxipha stramenticia new species. Dorsal field of tegmen. of bas . 68.—Anaxipha stramenticia new species. Head and pronotum of. male : . 69.—Anazipha stramenticia new species. Ovipositor of female (allotype). | . 70.—Anaxipha stramenticia new species. Cephalic tibia of male (type). . 71.—Aphonomorphus surdus new species. Dorsal field of ec sic of . 72.—A phonomorphus surdus new species. Head of male (type). ‘Cepl a . 73.—A phonomorphus surdus new species. Subgenital plate of male (type ay 4.—A phonomorphus surdus new. species. Cephalic tibia of male (type PROCEEDINGS OF _— ACADEMY OF | 50.—A phemogryllus gracilis new genus tik species. Head and pronotin male (type). Dorsal view. (Greatly enlarged 51,—A phemogryllus gracilis new. genus and species. eine of male (type). . (Greatly enlarged.) Caudal | tarsus sed exe : ‘Greatly tremity of tibia of male. Internal face. (allotype). (X11.) female (type). External face. (Greatly enlarged.) — (left) and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly enlarged.) (allotype). (X?7.) (type). Lateral elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) Cephalic (left) and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly enlarged.) (Greatly enlarged.) (Xt larged. alic (left) and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly enlarg elevation. (Greatly enlarged. larged. alic (left) and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly enlarged.) (type). (X7.) (type). Lateral elevation. (Greatly enlarged.) (Greatly enlarged.) Cephalic (left) and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly enlarged.) — (type). (X2}.) view. (Greatly enlarged.) Ventral view. (Greatly enlarged.) Cephalic ioe and caudal (right) faces. (Greatly snake nidakaots Oe A PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1918. PLATE I. BREIL LEE LUE me | | 34 REHN. ORTHOPTERA FROM PARA. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1918. REHN ORTHOPTERA FROM PARA. PLATE II. 1918.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 237 TWO NEW SHELLS FROM HAYTI. BY E. G. VANATTA. Odontosagda abbotti n.sp. Figs. 1, 2. ; Shell small, depressed, translucent white. Apex large, obtuse, spire low-conic, sutures distinct, whorls 43, slowly increasing, some- | what contabulate, body whorl convex, subangular above the ‘“#=, periphery, contracted below. 2 Surface smooth, indistinct, ir- / regular, the longitudinal striz, seen under a lens, without spiral sculpture. | Umbilicus wide, deep, well-like, its width contained about 4.5 times in the diam- eter of the shell. Aperture lunate, peristome simple, acute, convexly arched above, depressed arcuate below. Columella slightly reflexed, parietal callus very thin. Palatal wall with traces of a callus at the periphery and base, near the peristome. At a distance of about one-fourth of a whorl within the aperture, two short, high, white teeth or lamellae may be seen. These and a third tooth are visible through the translucent base. One very oblique transverse tooth is situated near the periphery, another longer one is placed spirally on the base, and traces of the third very short one may be indistinctly seen through the shell, on the columellar wall, close to the suture, - within the umbilicus. — Alt., 1.22; diam., 2.1; aperture alt., .75; diam., .83 mm. The types are in the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, tray No. 118,240, from The General’s Cave, one mile west of Jeremie, Hayti. Found in débris collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at the base of a cliff about 300 yards from the seashore. This species differs from O. hillc Pfr., of Cuba, which it resembles most in shape, by being smaller, the palatal lamell are shorter. The apex and umbilicus are also smaller. It also differs from O. blandi Weinl., of Hayti by having a more depressed spire, fewer whorls- It is also smaller, the palatal lamina near the periphery is not lunate the basal lamina is shorter and the umbilicus is larger. 238 Obeliscus abbotti n. sp. Bint 3. 118, 244, from The General’s. sae west of Je eremie, Hayit - Found with the above species in débris collected by DE: W. L. Abbott, in whose honor these. two = asset are named. Obeliscus péncns differs from 0. swiftiana Pir. by 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 239 “BIRDS OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A COL- LECTION MADE BY MR. LINDSEY L. JEWEL. BY WITMER STONE. Through the generosity of several of its members the Academy of Natural Sciences has come into possession of a collection of some four hundred bird skins obtained by the late Lindsey Louin Jewel in the Canal Zone, Panama. Mr. Jewel was stationed in the Zone from late in 1910 to the early part of 1913, engaged in engineering work, and had also been ap- pointed Vice-Consul at Colon. His beautifully prepared skins are accompanied by numerous notes on the habits, nests and eggs of many of the species. Unfortu- nately these do not cover all of the species, his death having prevented his return to the Zone, where he had hoped to complete his study of the bird life. They have, however, been used so far as they go in the following list, and as all the field notes, coloration of the soft points and description of the eggs and nests are to be credited to Mr. Jewel, it was thought unnecessary to make use of quotation marks; more- over, as there was frequently duplication in notes referring to several specimens of the same species, verbatim quotation was not practicable. Some few of Mr. Jewel’s notes refer to specimens which were sent to the American Museum of Natural History, but they have been in- cluded wherever the species was unrepresented in the collection, Mr. W. DeW. Miller having kindly sent me a list of such specimens. Mr. Jewel published an annotated list of the North American birds observed by him during his stay on the isthmus in The Auk, 1913, pp. 422-429, with a brief introduction describing the condition of the Zone at the time his collection was made, but did not identify any of the resident species. Some brief mention of his work and a list of birds of the Zone compiled by him from Ridgway’s “Birds of North and Middle America”’ appeared in The Canal Record for January 28, 1914, pp. 219-220. We have no record of a collection of birds having been made on the isthmus until 1847, when Lafresnaye described a number of specimens obtained there by DeLattre, a French collector, who was on his way to South America. This collection was purchased by Dr. Thomas B. 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Wilson and is still preserved in this Academy, along) with Dr. Wilson’s other material. (Revue Zoologique, 1847, pp. 67-79.) No fi ar collections were made in the Canal Zone so = as we : are aware { v - now in the American Museum of Natural History. In March, 1 65 Ne the noted British ornithologist, Osbert Salvin, visited ae Ca the second; station after leaving Colon and pret ten miles fated | coast. It was situated “in the densest tropical forest, So wet. that ever aa smpanetesbies Now we learn from Mr. famous locality is swallowed up in Gatun Lake. ‘g ne In 1895, the Italian ornithologist Festa made a spate ‘ tion at Punta de Sabana, Darien, and incidentally recorded : species from Colon and-Panama city. In March, 1900, Mr. W. W. Brown, Jr., spent pile ae des Loma del Leon, collecting for Mr. Outram Bangs, and secured skins representing 148 species. He also secured a collection of species in the vicinity of Panama city on the Pacific side of the i mus, where the country is much drier with a scrubby growth. - At the same time that Mr. J ewel was making his collection Mr. E J ewel that 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 241 at Gatun, some three miles north of the historic Loma del Leon. Other localities where he collected were Agua Clara, Mindi and Mt. Hope, between Gatun and Colon; Toro Point, across the harbor from the latter city, and Ft. Lorenzo on the sea front just west of the Zone border. A few specimens were also secured at Tabernilla, almost half way across the isthmus, and at Pedro Miguel and Miraflores, nearer to Panama. | While the ornithology of the Canal Zone is supposed to be pretty well known, every large collection from the region contains a few species not hitherto reported, and in view of the increased interest in the country due to the opening of the canal it has seemed desirable to add to my report on Mr. Jewel’s collection the names of such other species as have been recorded from the region, so that we may have a complete list of the avifauna. In making this compilation, in addi- tion to the papers above quoted, the ‘‘British Museum Catalogue of Birds”; “Biologia Centrali-Americana’’ and Ridgway’s “Birds of North and Middle America” have been consulted. It is possible that a few of the species recorded do not occur in the Canal Zone, as in some cases ‘‘Panama”’ has been understood as referring to the city while it may have been intended to denote the isthmus in general. From the light that Dr. Frank M. Chapman has thrown upon the distribution of neotropical bird life in his ‘‘Distribution of Bird Life in Colombia” we now recognize the importance of what he terms “‘the Panama fault”? and realize that many species are absent from the Canal Zone and its immediate vicinity which occur in the mountains of Chiriqui to the west and in the highlands of eastern Panama. As Chapman has shown, the subtropical and higher life zones are entirely lacking in the lower country of the Canal Zone, so that only the trop- ical fauna remains; subtropical species, therefore, which are usually quoted as occurring from Costa Rica to Ecuador have a gap in their - range coextensive with the low ground of the isthmus. In the list which follows the species not contained in the Jewel collection are placed in their proper systematic position, but have their numbers enclosed in brackets. North American migrants are marked with an asterisk. . TINAMIDZ. [1.] Tinamus castaneiceps Salvadori. Chestnut-headed Tinamou. 2. Crypturus soui modestus (Cabanis). Pileated Tinamou. Female, Tabernilla, March 19, 1911. Iris brownish-yellow,. bill fuscous lighter below, feet yellowish-green. One of a pair flushed in a thicket by a stream. They usually run 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF to find. Have seen them also near Bete 5 This bird contained a an_ egg ready to lay, very large for the size of the bird. Cilia tas: O DONTOPHORID 23. 3. Odontophorus guianensis marmoratus (Gould). Two males, Gatun, September 3, 1911, and Febransy 22 Iris brown, bare skin of face orange, bill black, feet dark slate. Spa 2 On September 3, a covey of nine was flushed from. rocks cy ne forest. They fly straight away when disturbed and are strong on the wing. Never seen in the open. : CRACID ZA. {4.] Crax panamensis Ogilvie-Grant. Panama Curassow. [5.] Penelope cristata (Linneus). Crested Guan. 6. Ortalis cinereiceps (Gray). Gray-headed Guan. Female, five miles south of Gatun, November 9, 1911. Iris gr y- ish-brown, bill black-grayish at tip, feet emacs Re ee Shot from a flock of four. COLUMBIDA. — [7.] Columba rufina pallidicrissa (Chubb). Pale-vented Pigeon. ' [8.] Columba subvinacea subvinacea (Lawrence). Ruddy Pigeon. [9.] Columba nigrirostris Sclater. Short-billed Pigeon. 10. Columba speciosa Gmelin. Scaled Pigeon. Male, Gatun, May 21, 1911. Iris brown, bill coral-red with white tip, feet purplish. | Found in a low flat thicket on the bank of Catia dam ai flew rather labored manner for the forest. 11. Chaemepelia rufipennis rufipennis (Bonaparte). Ruddy Ground Dove. Male and female, Gatun, February 12 and 26, 1911, Iris red, vil light with darker tip, feet reddish-pink. | _ A very common species in low lands along streams, sometimes flying : into the jungle growth when flushed. A nest found August 18, 1912 was a flat platform of twigs built on and between two fair-sized limbs. of a tree eighteen feet from the ground in second-growth pasture. Eggs two, .89 x .65 and .86 x .66 ins. 12. Chaemepelia minuta elaeodes Todd. Plain-breasted Ground Dove. amet . ‘ A pair, Miraflores, March 5, 1911. Iris light yellowish-brown, | bill grayish, feet pink. | pet 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 243 13. Claravis pretiosa (Ferrari-Perez). Blue Ground Dove. ; A pair, Gatun, April 20, 1911. Iris light pinkish-yellow, bill green- ish with a dark line on the culmen and gonys, feet pink. Female was about to oviposit. 14. Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi (Bonaparte). Verreaux’s Dove. Two males, Gatun, May 28, and Minti, October 7, 1911. Iris light yellowish-orange, bill black, feet coral red, cireumorbita! area deep blue. The latter specimen is largely.in the juvenal plumage. The call of this bird was a single ‘‘coo,’”’ very deceptive as to dis- tance, and in quality resembling two notes of a chord. 15. Leptotila cassini cassini (Lawrence). Cassin’s Dove. A male from Gatun, August 6, 1911; female, Trinidad River, March 12,1911. Iris light yellow, bill black, circumorbital space coral-red, feet red. Found in the forest along the trails. This bird has a peculiar habit of bobbing the head and tail, but the movement is not a movement of the entire body as in the sandpipers. Nest a frail platform of sticks in a large bush, overhanging the trail through a heavily overgrown pasture, at Gatun. Egg, 1.15 x .83 ins. [16.] Oreopeleia montana (Linnzus). Ruddy Quail Dove. RALLIDA. 17. Aramides cajanea (P. L. S. Miller). Cayenne Wood Rail. A male from the Chagres River, below Gatun, June 21, 1911, anda female from Gatun, April 28, 1912, are lighter colored than specimens from the Orinoco delta, especially as regards the gray of the throat and fore breast. Iris red, bill greenish at the tip passing into yellow basally, feet deep reddish-pink. A nest found April 27, 1913, at Toro Point, on the edge of woods at the head of a small stream, was made from a bunch of leaves and trash lodged on top of the bushes, eight feet up. A few strips of dead banana leaves, some twigs and a few green leaves had apparently been added to the mass already there. There was one egg, 2.06 x 1.34 ins. The bird sat very close and would not leave until the bush was shaken. *18. Porzana carolina (Linneus). Sora. A female from Toro Point, October 1, 1911. Iris reddish-brown, bill yellowish-green, tarsi greenish-olive. Shot on the bare beach at the foot of a cliff. 244 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY oF 19. Creciscus albigularis (Lawrence). eee Crake. also a jet. black dows es young from the aoe locality, Renton or 1911, evidently only recently hatched. Adult: iris reddish-brown, bill sooty-black above green on the sides and lighter 3 greenish-black. Young: iris black, bill white, feet browni Found in heavy grass in dry field near a marahy flat. striking whistle of alarm and a “gathering call” when running to that of the Bobwhite. | ae 20. Ionornis martinicus (Linn). Female, Gatun Lake, July 9, 1911. Tris reddish-brown, ett bi yellow. | Flushed from a small grassy island, dove laos shot, but stays under water but a short time. HELIORNITHID 4s. 21. Heliornis fulica (Boddaert). American Finfoot. This specimen was sieale ready to incubate. Rk COLYMBIDZ. Z gees [22.] Colymbus dominicus brachyrhynchus Chapman. Mexican Grebe. _ ee _ LARIDA. | *23. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmelin). Black Tern. Female, Gatun Lake, December 3, 1911. Iris sein: bill eo | feet blackish-brown. bs *24. Sterna hirundo Linneus. Common isha’ Hist.). Iris’ brown, bill black lighter at the =P and reddish at e, feet light orange-brown. : : sue CHARADRIID Ai. *25. Aegialitis semipalmata (Bonaparte). Semipalmated Plover. fh x A pair from Toro Point, July 23, 1911, shot from a flock of eis 0) the mud flats. Iris black, bill black with a narrow yellow-orange band from the nostrils underneath the mandible i in a half ae fee greenish-yellow. os It was ale present, August 4, 1912, oo September 4, 911. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 245° [26.] Aegialitis collaris (Vieillot). Collared Plover. *27. Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linneus). Killdeer. One specimen, Gatun, February 18, 1912. RECURVIROSTRIDZ:. - #28. Himantopus mexicanus (P. L. 8. Miller). Black-necked Stilt. A female, Gatun, November 12, 1911. Iris reddish-brown, bill blackish, feet deep pink. : Observed for a week on the edge of the hydraulic fill of Gatun dam. ~ SCOLOPACID Ai. *29. Numenius hudsonicus Latham. Hudsonian Curlew. A female, Gatun, October 18, 1911, shot from flock of four feeding in a pasture on grasshoppers and butterflies. Iris brown, bill dusky- greenish becoming black at the tip, feet grayish-blue. *(30.] Macrorhamphus griseus griseus (Gmelin). Dowitcher. *[31.] Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). Greater Yellowlegs. *32. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). Lesser Yellowlegs. A solitary male obtained at Gatun, May 21, 1911, and a flock of half a dozen seen at the same place August 27, 1911. A female was also obtained at Mindi, October 7,1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet yellow. Frequented a grassy marsh below the dacs. *33. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (Wilson). Solitary Sandpiper. Female, Gatun, September 10, 1911 (not. preserved); male, Mt. Hope, April 13, 1913. Iris brown, bill greenish becoming black terminally, feet green. A flock of four were seen September 10 in a small running stream. *34, Actitis macularia (Linnzus). Spotted Sandpiper. Specimens obtained at Gatun, February 22, September 4 and Octo- ber 1, 1911, and April 28, 1912; also at Pedro Miguel, April 23, 1911, Toro Point, August 4, 1912. The individual obtained April 23 alighted on a dead tree top, four feet above the water, an unusual action in a wader. *35. Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein). Field Plover. Two males, Gatun, October 12, 1911. Iris brown, bill yellowish with dusky tip, feet yellowish-green. Flushed in an open field. *36. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnzus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Female, Toro Point, September 4, 1911, Iris, bill and feet black. One of a few associated with many Pisobia minutilla on the beach. 246 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or : *37, Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot). Butf-breasted Sandpiper. One of a pair found on dry pasture land at Gatun, October 1 18, 1911. Tris brown, bill dusky-greenish, feet greenish. *38. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Two males, Toro Point, September 4, 1911. ‘es brown, b bil black, feet dusky-greenish. Obtained from a flock of a dozen or more on ms beach Another was obtained at Mt. Hope, August 31, 1913. *39. Pisobia maculata (Vicillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Two females obtained at Mindi, in a grassy marsh, October 7 and 22,1911. Iris black, bill blackish-green, feet greenish. | ee Pisobia fuscicollis (Vieillot). White-rumped Sandpiper. *41. Gallinago delicata (Ord.). Wilson’s Snipe. Male, Mindi, October 22, 1911, one of a bag of twelve killed in a grassy marsh. Iris brown, bill dusky-green tipped with black, enh yellowish-green. : JACANIDA. 42. Jacana nigra (Gmelin). Black Jacana. Three specimens, male and female, Gatun Lake, July 9, 1911, ‘ethers it was very common, and a female from Agua Clara, Trinidad River, March 12, 1911. A specimen in the American Museum of Natural History was obtained at Mindi, November 3, 1911. Iris greenish- yellow, bill greenish fading to pink at the base and yellow below at the base, frontal shield lavender, feet green washed with bite, wing ‘ spur bright yellow. | A common species on grassy knolls in the lake. [43.] Jacana melanopygia (Sclater). Black-rumped Jacana. EURYPYGIDA. {44.] Eurypyga major Hartlaub. Greater Sun Bittern. IBIDIDZ. {45.] Harpiprion a (Gmelin). Cayenne Ibis. CICONIID 4s. {46.] Mycteria americana Linneus. Wood Ibis. ectein = ARDEIDA. [47.] Ardea herodias lessonii Wagler. Great Blue Heron. {48.] Egretta candidissima (Gmelin). Snowy Egret. [49.] Herodias egretta (Gmelin). American Egret. 50. Florida caerulea (Linnzeus). Little Blue Heron. Two males, Chagres ante below ten February 19, 1911, one i in 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 247 the immature white plumage, the other in the adult blue. Iris bright yellow, bill light blue shading to black at the tip, feet greenish. A most abundant species, to be seen at almost any time in almost any quantity. 61. Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse). Louisiana Heron. Female, Gatun, February 18, 1912. Iris bright yellow, bill sooty- black on the culmen, pale yellow at the gonys, bare skin yellow, feet greenish. *52. Nycticorax nycticorax nevius (Boddaert). Black-crowned Night Heron. An immature female, Mindi, October 29, 1911. Dull gray and somewhat streaked below, but with the top of the head and interseap- ulum greenish-black. [53.] Cochlearius zeledoni Ridgway. Zeledon’s Boatbill. [54.] Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert). Capped Heron. 55. Butorides striata (Linneus). Black-crowned Heron. Two males, Gatun, June 9, 1912, and July 16, 1911. Iris bright yellow, bill black with yellow at the base and the gonys, feet yellow. *56. Butorides virescens hypernotius Oberholser. West Indian Green Heron. Male, Gatun, September 17, 1911. Iris bright yellow, maxilla black with pale tomia, mandible greenish-yellow, feet greenish-yellow. [57.1 Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert). Tiger Bittern. (58.] Tigrisoma cabanisi Heine. Cabanis’ Tiger Bittern. 59. Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin). Least Bittern. Female, Mt. Hope, September 138, 1913. Iris bright yellow, bill dusky above, yellow below, feet yellowish. A erippled bird, nearly starved. *(60.] Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu). American Bittern. ANATIDA. {61.] Cairina moschata (Linnzus). Muscovy Duck. [62.] Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linneus). Black-bellied Tree Duck. *(63.] Anas platyrhynchos Linneus. Mallard. *(64.! Dafila acuta (Linnzus). Pintail. *65. Querquedula discors (Linnzus). Blue-winged Teal. Female, Mindi, October 22, 1911. Iris brown, bill greenish-black paler below, feet dull yellow with dark joints and webs. This bird has rusty stains on the plumage of the entire lower parts. One of a flock on the Mindi marshes. *66. Marila affinis (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Female, Gatun, November 25, 1911. Iris brown, bill blackish, feet bluish-gray with black joints and webs. The species was abundant on Gatun Lake on November 26. | 248 . - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF PHALACROCORAOIDA, 67. Phalacrocorax vigua vigua (Vieillot). Brazilian Cormorant. oe Female, Gatun Lake, December 17, 1911. One of a flock roosting in a dead tree in the water. It is in the ae resinsoiie plumage. — SULIDA. .. 68. Sula ius Chodeiert: Booby. horn elak lighter at tie tip, tan blashewhte feet ow : PELECANIDZ. [69.] Pelecanus occidentalis Linnzus. Brown Pelican. FREGATID A. _[70.] Fregata minor palmerstoni (Gmelin). Pacific Man-o’-war Bird. . CATHARTID As. [71.] Gypagus papa (Linneus). King Vulture. [72.] Cathartes aura aura (Linneus), Turkey Vulture. (73.] Catharista urubu (Vieillot). Black Vulture. | FALCONIDZ. : 74, Ibycter americanus (Boddaert). Red-throated Caracara. Male, Rio Indis, four miles from Gatun, November 19, 1911. ci bare skin of throat and face and tarsi orange red, claws black, bill” yellow, cere grayish-blue. . , [75.] Milvago chimachima (Vieillot). _Yellow-headed Caracara, *76. Circus hudsonius (Linnzus). Marsh Hawk, See Female, Gatun, December 11, 1910. Iris dark ee bill ho ; | color black at tip, cere and feet scliow. One of a pair which beat along the shores of Gatun Lake edly for a week or more. A common species in winter. | [77.] Micrastur melanoleucus (Vieillot). Black and White Hawk, [78.] Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel). 79. Micrastur guerilla interstes Bangs. Cassin’s Barred Hawk,” Male, Agua Clara, May 19, 1912, and female, Gatun, August 27, eo 1911, both in immature plumage, are referred to this species. — ~The 2 te sale is marked above with indistinct buff transverse spots on the | wings and interscapulum and with narrow dark-brown bars below. __ The female is plain buff except on the sides of the breast and flanks, where there are a few transverse brown bands partially obscured by the buff feathers. Iris grayish-brown, cere yellowish or olive-green, __ 1918.| . NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 249 bill horn color, mandible yellow at base almost all yellow in female, feet yellow. The latter bird was shot from a perch in low bushes in the forest near a small marshy stream. Its stomach was filled with remains of slugs, batrachians and small lizards. [80.] Geranospizias niger (DuBus). Blackish Crane Hawk. (81.] Accipiter collaris Kaup. Semi-collared Hawk. (82.] Accipiter bicolor (Vieillot). Four-banded Hawk. *[83.] Accipiter velox (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. *84, Buteo platypterus (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Adult male, Gatun, December 13, 1911, and female in striped plumage, Gatun, November 30, 1911. Iris grayish-brown, bill black bluish at the base, cere greenish-yellow, feet yellow. Male shot in the heavy forest, the other in a clearing near the edge of the forest. *85. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. Swainson’s Hawk. Female, Mindi, October 22, 1911. Quite dark above and below. Iris brownish-gray, bill grayish-blue with dusky tip, cere dull green- ish, feet pale yellow. | Another specimen was given to the U. S. Biological Survey. 86. Asturina nitida (Latham). Shining Buzzard Hawk. Male, Gatun, November 3, 1911. This interesting specimen is in immature striped plumage and is referred to this species on the basis of comparison with adults, as I have no authentic specimens in this stage of plumage. The light bases and margins to the feathers of the head are pale buff, those of the back and wings more strongly rusty. Below the throat is nearly white, but the rest of the ground color tawny-buff. The brown spots are very coarse. The primaries are cream with blackish tips, with a rusty suffusion where the colors join. There are narrow dusky cross bars, fewer on the primaries than on the secondaries, so that the under part of the closed wing is almost uniform creamy buff, except for the dusky terminal portion. Iris grayish-brown, bill black, cere and feet yellow. Stomach contained a large lizard and the gullet a fair sized mouse. . 87. Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda (Sclater and Salvin). Large-billed Hawk. Female, Trinidad River, eight miles south of Gatun, March 24, 1912. Iris bright yellow, bill black, bluish at base, cere and feet yel- low. (88.] Busarellus nigricollis (Latham). Black-collared Hawk. {89.] Urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin). Brazilian Eagle. 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 90. Urubitinga anthracina (Nitzsch). Meiinas Black Hawk, base a cere and feet ae Shot from a palm tree. It had been feedings on carrion in n them marsh i [91.] Leucopternis semiplumbea Lawrence. Semiplumbeous Hawk. | 2 92. Leucopternis ghiesbreghti (DuBus). Ghiesbrecht’s Hawk, Female, Gatun, February 22, 1911, and another iC collection, July 28, 1912. Iris desk brown, bill grayish-bl tip, cere and orbital ring bluish, feet pale yellow. eh Be Shot in the thick forest. Had a peevish whistled note. “Amok e female was shot previously at the same spot; it is always found in t 1€ jungle timber, and had apparently just deposited eggs. [93.] Morphnus guianensis (Daudin). Guiana Crested Eagle. [94.] Thrasaetus harpyia (Linnzus). Harpy Eagle. (95.] Spiziastur melanoleucus (Vieillot). Black and White Eagle. [96.] Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin). Manduit’s Hawk Eagle. 97. Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied.). Tyrant Hawk Eagle. ; Female, Gatun, February 4, 1912. Iris pee? orange, : black, cere slaty, toes yellow. Shot in the forest. 98. Harpagus bidentatus (Latham). Double-toothed Hawk. eae Male, Gatun, June 9, 1912. Iris purplish-red, bill black, slaty 0 sides and beneath, cere greenish, tarsi yellow.. [99.] Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linnzus). Laughing Hawk. [100.] Elanoides forficatus (Linneus), Swallow-tailed Kite. [101.] Leptodon uncinatus (Temmink). Red-collared Kite. (102. ] Ictinea plumbea (Gmelin). Plumbeous Kite. *(103. ] Falco columbarius Linneus. Pigeon Hawk. 104. Falco albigularis Daudin., White-throated Hawk. - Female, Toro Point, August 4, 1912, Iris brown, bill black, bl gray at base, cere and feet rich yellow. Shot flying along the beach. #105. Cerchneis sparveria sparveria (Linnzus). Sparrow Hoek: Male, Gatun, January 29, 1911. Several others killed and re away—March 5, 1911, April 4, 1911. | [106.] Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin). Osprey. ie TYTONIDAs. 107. Tyto perlata guatemalae (Ridgway). Central American Barn Owl. Male, Gatun, August 1, 1911. Iris black, bill whitish i ivory. roe One of a pair living in ventilators of a building in the town. Always x came out at dusk and flew in the same direction. es ? 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 251 BUBONID. [108.] Rhinoptynx clamator (Vieillot). Striped Horned Owl. {109.] Otus choliba (Vieillot). Choliba Screech Owl. {110.] Otus vermiculatus (Ridgway). Vermiculated Screech Owl. {111.] Pulsatrix perspicillata perspicillata (Latham). Spectacled Owl. [112.] Ciccaba nigrolineata nigrolineata Sclater. Black and White Owl. [113.] Ciccaba virgata virgata Cassin. Cassin’s Owl. PSITTACIDA. 114. Ara macao (Linneus). Scarlet Macaw. A cage bird said to have been taken on the upper Trinidad. {115.] Ara chloroptera Gray. Red, Blue and Green Macaw. [116.] Ara ambigua (Bechstein). Buffon’s Macaw. [117.] Ara severa (Linneus). Severe Macaw. {118.] Eupsittula ocularis (Sclater and Salvin). Veragua Parrot. [119.] Pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris (Lawrence). Red-necklaced Parrot. {120.] Amazona autumnalis salvini (Salvadori). Salvin’s Parrot. [121.] Amazona ochrocephalus panamensis (Cabanis). Panama Parrot. 122. Amazona farinosa inornata (Salvadori). Plain-colored Parrot. Female, Gatun, June 4, 1911. Iris brown in young bird, red in adult; bill horn color with yellowish spot on side, cere grayish becom- ing darker with age, feet dark gray becoming yellow in adult, bare skin of chin and around the eye white. _ Found in heavy forest sitting motionless in a large tree with two others, probably young. Gullet was filled with very hard white seeds, 123. Pionus menstruus (Linneus). Blue-headed Parrot. Female, Trinidad River, near Agua Clara, March 12, 1911. Iris brown, bill lighter at base and with a large red spot on the sides of the mandible, cere black. A noisy species. 124. Brotogeris jugularis (Miiller). Tovi Parrakeet. . Two females, Gatun, May 14, and Toro Point, April 2, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet light gray-brown, cere very light ashy. Remarkably swift in flight and usually shy. ALCEDINIDA. 125. Streptoceryle torquata torquata (Linneus). Ringed Kingfisher. Female, Chagres River, four miles below Gatun, February 19, 1911. Eyes black, bill black, feet bluish-black. Found all along the river. They are comparatively shy and hard to approach, dashing out of the foliage and holding close to the shore in the shadow of the banks. 18 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June—Oct., *126. Streptoceryle alcyon alcyon (Linnzus). Belted Kingfisher. Male, Toro Point, October 1, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet dark brown. = One of six or eight migrants. 127. Chloroceryle amazona (Latham). Amazon Kingfisher. Male, Gatun River, July 8, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Shot three miles up the river, well into the forest. 128. Chloroceryle americana isthmica (Goldman). Isthmian Green Kingfisher. Two females, Gatun, January 29 and April 18, 1911; male, Chagres River, near the sea, June 11, 1911. Iris dark brown, bill and feet black. : The most common Kingfisher. {129.] Chloroceryle inda (Linnzus). Green and Rufous Kingfisher. 130. Chloroceryle aenea aenea (Pallas). Least Green Kingfisher, .- Male, Gatun, July 9, 1911. Iris black, bill black with pale stripe on the gonys, feet sooty-brown. MOMOTIDZ. 131. Urospatha martii semirufa (Sclater). Greater Rufous Motmot. Male, Gatun, August 18, 1912. Iris dark brown, bill and feet black. Stomach contained a small red crab, entire. 132. Momotus subrufescens conexus (Thayer and Bangs). Small-billed Motmot. Male, Gatun, March 17, 1912. Iris reddish-brown, bill black, feet flesh color. | 133. Electron platyrhynchus minor (Hartert). Lesser Broad-billed Motmot. Two males, Gatun, August 20, 1911, and April 28, 1912. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Found in heavy forest. {134.] Hylomanes momotula obscurus Nelson. Panama Tody Motmot. NYCTIBIIDA.. . 135. Nyctibius griseus panamensis Ridgway. Panama Potoo. Male,-Gatun, August 11, 1912. Iris golden yellow, bill blackish, feet light brown. [136.] Nyctibius grandis (Gmelin). Great Potoo. CAPRIMULGID AL. 137. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gmelin). Parauque. Male and female, Gatun, February 5, 1911, and April 7, 1912. Iris brown, bill brown, feet gray-brown. May be flushed from the ground in almost any medium thick growth, . \ EE ET OO ARN ak P ney oe ae 4 Pm 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 253 _ where it rests in the shade. Female specimen flushed from eggs laid on the bare ground on an old path. They measured 1.10 x .84 and 1.12 x .86 ins. {138.] Stenopsis cayennensis albicauda (Lawrence). White-tailed Stenopsis. {139.] Antrostomus rufus rufus (Boddaert). Rufous Goatsucker. *140. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus (Gmelin). Nighthawk. Female, Gatun, October 3, 1911. Bill black, tarsi grayish. One of a flock feeding overhead. #141, Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawrence). Texas Nighthawk. Male and female, Gatun, December 10, 1911. MICROPODIDZ. 142. Chaetura cinereiventris fumosa (Salvin). Smoky Swift. Male, Gatun, May 14, 1911. One of a flock feeding along the base of a hill over a wild banana plantation. Sexual organs well developed. 143. Chaetura chapmani Hellmayr. Chapman’s Swift. Two females, Gatun, July 9, 1911. Iris dark-brown, bill black, tarsi sooty-brown. Two of a large flock feeding over the jungle below Gatun dam. This seems to be the first record of this species from Panama. This species was described by Mr. Hellmayr: (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xix, p. 62, 1907) from a Trinidad specimen collected by Dr. ¥. M. Chapman and recorded by him as C. cinereicauda Cassin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 324). Before describing it as dis- tinct Mr. Hellmayr ak me a specimen of this and allied forms for comparison with Cassin’s type. As he has stated, I found Cassin’s specimen to be identical with C. brachyura (Jardine). At the same _time I found a specimen of the proposed C. chapmani in the Academy collection, and a comparison of this with the Panama specimens be- fore me positively confirms my identification. This extends the’ range of the species northward, as it was previously known only from Trinidad and French Guiana according to Hellmayr. ; TROCHILIDZA. ~ 144. Threnetes ruckeri (Bourcier). Rucker’s Hermit. Two males, Gatun, February 12, 1911, and January 28, 1912. Iris black; maxilla black above with a narrow yellow strip on each side from the base, mandible yellow with a black. tip, feet -pink. A bird of the jungle, a noisy species. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 145. Glaucis hirsuta affinis (Lawrence). Lesser ey: Hermit. April 30,1911. Iris bine rhein black, mandible yellow with b black tip, feet flesh color. _ eck A bird of the thick jungle, always well below the top cee eee Four nests found April 30 hung on blades of thorny palm leave fastened with cobweb. May 7, one nest contained two pur eggs, .35 x .61 and .34 x .62 in. : 146. Phoethornis adolphi saturatus Ridgway. Dusky. Hermit. : Two males, Gatun, April 9, 1911. Iris black, maxilla black, mand. ible bright yellow abruptly black near tip, feet flesh color. c Frequently seen but always near the same spot, a stretch of jungle just west of Gatun dam. They seldom fly over twelve inches from the — ground, usually under the foliage, darting about like bees. They are — very noisy, chirping constantly one note at a time and then sever: 1 rapid notes of varying pitch. This sounds so like several birds that have more than once crept close and looked long to find a single me vidual perched on a leaf stem a few inches from the ground, beati his little tail up and down as though he would break himself in two and _ chirping away for dear life. Once I saw one leave a leaf stem abou eight inches from the ground and hanging on invisible wings revol around and around as if he were a weight suspended at the end of thread, first one way and. then the other as if winding and unwinding. Then with great energy he flew in a figure eight back and forth over the same path, and the figure was not over eighties inches long. (Jewel.) | 147. Phoethornis longirostris cephalus (Bourcier and Mulsant). Nicaraguan Hermit. ee Two males and a female, Gatun, February 12, May 7 and 30, 1911. = Iris black, bill black with base of mandible yellow, feet pink. 3 A bird of the thick jungle. Its nest was hung on the underside of a_ broad leaf at the pendant tip. It was a compact cup of grass:stalks wrapped onto the leaf tip with.spiders’ webs, the nest tapering down | below the end of the leaf. The bird sits facing the leaf with his bill 3 pointed straight up against it. The broad point of the. deat arches : overhead like a roof. (Jewel.) 148. Phaeochroa cuvieri cuvieri (DeLattre and Bourcier). Cuvier’s Hummingbird.. Two males, Gatun, April 14, 1914. Iris brown, bill black, basal a half of mandible pink, feet black. pte eS 149, Tlorisues mellivora (Linneus). Jacobin Hummingbird. Two males and two females, Gatun, April 14, May 30, and April 2, May 21, 1911. Iris, bill and feet black. | 1918.) | NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 255 Stomach filled with very small! insects of a greenish metallic lustre. A bird of the jungle. 150. Polyerata amabilis (Gould). Lovely Hummingbird Three males, Gatun, January 1, February 11, 1912, and April 9, 1911. Iris dark brown, bill black yellowish below with black tip, feet black. Shot in the jungle. 151. Lepidopyga caeruleogularis (Gould). Duchassain’s Hummingbird. ‘Three males and a female, Gatun, March 2, 1911, and May 30, August 11, 1912; two other males, Mt. Hope, August 31, 1913, and Ft. Lorenzo, January 7, 1912. Iris and feet black, maxilla black, mandible pink with a black tip. 152. Saucerottia edwardi (DeLattre and Bourcier), Wilson’s Hummingbird. Three males, Gatun, April 14, 1911 (2), March, 1912. Iris, feet and maxilla black, mandible pale tipped with black. Obtained in the forest. [153.] Saucerottia niveoventer (Gould). Snowy-breasted Hummingbird. 154. Amazilia tzacatl tzacatl (De la Llave). Rieffer’s Hummingbird. . Two males and two females, Gatun, July 4, 1911, May 30, 1912, and May 7, 1911, January 14, 1912. Iris and feet black, bill black pur- plish about the nostrils and below. _ A nest found April 30 was on the horizontal limb of a shrub, five feet from the ground, a dainty cup of light yellow silky vegetable fiber, with a few gray lichens on the outside, all held together by a network of spiders’ webs. _ Contained two fresh eggs May 7. Another nest about fifteen feet from the ground in similar situation found May 7 contained one egg and one young bird. (Jewel.) It seems to the writer that it will be necessary to revert to the generic name Amazilia Lesson for these birds. When Dr. Oberholser proposed to adopt Amizilis Gray (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 206) he asked me to verify some references for him and through a misunderstanding a quotation from Gray’s large work, ‘Genera of Birds,”’ was quoted as from his ‘“‘List of Genera of Birds, 1840.” This, however, does not affect the main question and is mentioned in order to correct an obvious error for which I am mainly responsible. The generic name Amizilis does occur in Gray’s. 1840 “List” as correctly quoted in the 1910 edition of the “A. O. U. Check-List,” 2. €., p. 14, with the following as its basis: A. latirostris (Sw.) n. Ois. M., pl. 12. Or. amizili Less. The A. O. U. committee accepted Orthorhynchus amizili Less. as the type on the basis of Gray’s use of it alone in his 1855 edition of the 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF “List. ” As - matter of fact, in all editions of the “List” we find are cited as above the second is peal eet ritenden eee the first and is usually a reference to a plate or figure O Gray’s own statement on-the title page, moreover, proves . citing but a single species under each genus. did not capraet his error until the 1855 edition. ie te Mee C’. latirostris becomes the type of Amizilis Gray, 1840, which, ‘there- fore, becomes a synonym of Cynanthus Swainson, 1827. : Amazilia Lesson, L’Echo du Monde Sav. ser. 2, viii, No. 32, Oct. 22, 1843, col. 757, seems to be the first name available for the prese genus. Mr. Ridgway (Birds of N. and Mid-America, vol. V, p. quotes five species as mentioned by Lesson, and. of these ¥ designate Ornismia cinnamomea Less. (=0. rutila DeLattre) as type of Amazilia Lesson. - 155. Hylocharis eliciae (Bourciet and Mulsant). Elicia’ s Golden-tail. : «a Male, Gatun, July 28, 1912. Iris black, bill bright red, ‘termi third black, feet blackish. Z | [156.] Damophila panamensis Berlepsch. oo 2g 157. Chlorostilbon assimilis Lawrence. Allied Emerald. — . Male and female, Gatun, April 5, 1912, and October 14, 1911, ie and feet black, maxilla black, mandible Merch at SPR with black. | Ree 158. Thalurania colombica colombica (Bourcier). Colombian Wood Nyinghl? = i Four males and two females, Gatun, May 14, June 4 (2), 19. February 4, 1912, and May 28, 1911, July 28,1912. Iris and bill black the latter yellowish at extreme ies, feet black, ge side of toes pink. Found in the eral ~~ [159.] Chalybura buffoni (Lesson). Buffon’s Plumeleteer. ene - 160. Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis (Vieillot). Black-throated Mango. Two males and a female, Gatun, ome 14, 21 and 28, 1911. Tris, bill and feet: black. | A In wild banana thickets on the edge of the jungle. [161.] Heliothryx barroti (Bourcier and Mulsant). Barrot’s Fairy. [162.] Anthoscenus longirostris longirostris (Vieillot). Long-billed Star-throat. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 257 {163.] Lophornis delattrei (Lesson). DeLattre’s Coquette. [164.] Popelairia conversii aequatorialis (Berlepsch and Taczanowski). Salvin’s Thorn-tail. TROGONIDA. 165. Curucujus massena (Gould). Massena Trogon. Two males and two females, April 13, 1911, March 2, 1913, and June 11, 1911, March 2, 1913. Iris brownish-yellow in male, brown in female, bill red in male; mandible yellow, maxilla black in female, feet grayish-brown. Female, June 11, contained an egg nearly ready to deposit, pure glossy white. [166.] Curucujus melanurus macrourus (Gould). Large-tailed Trogon. (167.] Curucujus clathratus (Salvin). Lattice-tailed Trogon. 168. Trogon strigilatus chionurus (Sclater and Salvin). White-tailed Trogon. Male, Gatun, September 3, 1911. Iris dark brown, eyelids light blue, bill dull yellowish-green with a sooty terminal area, feet whitish. Found in open forest. 169. Chrysotrogon caligatus (Gould). Gartered Trogon. Male, Rio Trinidad, March 31, 1912. Iris brown, eyelids yellow, bill greenish-gray. . 170. Trogonurus curucui tenellus (Cabanis). Graceful Trogon. Two males and a female, Gatun, August 6 (pair), December 3, 1911. Iris brown or black, eyelids grayish-blue, bill yellowish-green, feet grayish-lead. Found in heavy forest. CUCULIDA. *171. Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linneus). Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Female, Mindi, October 22, 1911. 172. Piaya cayana-thermophila (Sclater). Central American Squirrel Cuckoo. Female, Toro Point, March 3, 1912. Iris red, eyelids greenish- yellow, bill greenish-yellow, feet blackish-slate. {173.] Neomorphus salvini Sclater. Salvin’s Ground Cuckoo. 174. Coccycua rutila panamensis (Todd). Panama Cuckoo. Male, Gatun, February 27, 1912. Iris and eyelids red, bill green- ish-yellow, feet greenish-gray, mouth black inside. [175.] Dromococcyx phasianellus (Spix). Pheasant Cuckoo. [176.] Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson. Groove-billed Ani. 177. Crotophaga ani Linneus. Ani, A pair, Gatun, August 11, 1912, and a male, Mt. Hope, June 1, 1913. Iris brown, bill and feet black. A nest belonging to these birds in bush three feet from ground, a Bipped off and crawled away eae i weede. eats 178. Tapera naevia excellens (Sclater). Northern Striped Cuckoo. Male, Gatun, November 5, 1911. Iris light reddish- TO illa brown, black on the culmen, mandible pale-horn, feet gra Stomach filled with grasshoppers. CAPITONIDA. 179. Capito maculicoronatus maculicoronatus Lawrence. Spotted-crowned Barbet, Male, Mt. Hope, February 22, 1913. Iris brown, bill and feet blue-gray. sietiga oo RAMPHASTIDA. (180.] Ramphastos swainsonii Gould. Swainson’s Toucan. [181.] Ramphastos ambiguus Swainson. Wagler’s Toucan. 182. Ramphastos piscivorus brevicarinatus (Gould). Short-tailed Toucan. Two males, Gatun, July 4 and 30, 1911. Iris bottle-green, bi oil yellowish-green with a triangular orange streak on the side of - th e maxilla, mandible bluish at base shading into the yellowish-green | é subterminally, ends of both blood red, a narrow black band all around. the base, bare skin around the eye and throat green, feet bluish-green. Call is loud and piercing, repeated rapidly and almost eatie = [183.] Selenidera spectabilis Cassin. Cassin’s Aracari. 184. Pteroglossus torquatus torquatus (Gmelin). Collared Aracari. Male, Gatun, February 22, 1911. Iris bright yellow, bane oe around the eye and lores dark red, bill with a narrow white band — around the base, mandible dark-horn color with one light spot be- neath, maxilla black at end with a black stripe the full length of the culmen, sides lighter with reddish-brown shading near base, edge of ‘“‘teeth” black, feet olive-green. Shot on the edge of the jungle. GALBULIDZ. {185.] Jacamerops aurea (Miiller). Great Jacamar. BUCCONID. 186. Notharchus tectus subtectus (Sclater). Black-breasted Puff Bird. beh ae Three females, Gatun, January 27, 28, 1912, and March 2, 1913. ee Iris brown, bill black, feet bluscblack, Stupid birds found in second growth, usually aes on seruiieed nests, fluttering to the nest and then back to their perches. —. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259 [187.] Notharchus hyperrhynchus dysoni (Sclater). Dyson’s Puff Bird. [188.] Notharchus pectoralis (Gray). Black-breasted Puff Bird. {189.] Ecchaunornis radiatus fulvidus (Salvin and Godman). Fulvous Puff Bird. 190. Malacoptila panamensis panamensis Lafresnaye. Panama Malacoptila. Male, Agua Clara, May 19, 1912, and female, Gatun Lake, March 30,1913. Iris red, bill dusky above greenish below, feet grayish-green. [191.1 Monasa fidelis Nelson. Golden Nun Bird. [192.] Monasa similis Nelson. Cerro Azul Nun Bird. [193.] Nonnula frontalis Sclater. Panama Nonnula. PICIDA, 194. Centurus subelegans wagleri (Salvin and Godman). Wagler’s Woodpecker. Three males, Tabernilla, March 19, Miraflores, March 5, and Toro Point, April 2, 1911, and female, Gatun, September 10, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet dark olive. The specimen taken March 19 was one of a brood just leaving a nest in a dead stub about eighteen feet from the ground in an open field. Another nest in a hole, fifteen feet up in dead stub, April 28, 1912, contained two eggs, .94x .70 and .93 x .69 in. _ 195. Melanerpes pucherani pucherani (Malherbe). Pucherani’s Woodpecker. Two males, Gatun, April 4 and May 30, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet greenish-gray. First bird had nest hole in dead tree in a clearing. [196.] Chloronerpes callopterus Lawrence. Panama Woodpecker. 197. Celeus loricatus loricatus (Reichenbach). Fraser’s Woodpecker. A pair, Mindi, October 22, 1911. Iris reddish-brown, bill pale greenish-yellow with dusky culmen, feet gray-green. 198. os ep lineatus mesorhynchus (Cabanis and Heine), Panama Pileated Wood- pecker. Male, Mt. Hope, August 31, 1913, and male, Gatun, November 12, 1911. Iris yellowish-white, bill brown, feet grayish-blue. 199. Scapaneus malherbii (Gray). Malherbe’s Woodpecker. : A pair, Gatun, November 12, 1911. Iris golden-yellow, bill brown, - feet grayish-blue. 200. Picuminis olivaceus panamensis Ridgway. Panama Piculei. Female, Gatun, May 28, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet greenish. Young male, Mindi, September 17, 1911. FORMICARIIDA. 201. Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus Ridgway. Fasciated Ant-Shrike. Female, Gatun, May 26, 1912. Iris carmine, bill black above gray below, feet blue-gray. : 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY Or : 202. Taraba transandeana transandeana (Sclater). Holland’ 8 | Ant-Shrike. sn Male, Rio Siri, twenty miles from Gatun, November 19, 1911, anc female, Gatun, March 29, 1911. Iris brownish-orange, bill blac : feet bluish-gray. Female, Gatun, March 29, 1911. Tris red orang! Stomach of latter specimen contained many ants and inches and a half in length, the legs and tail of which had off and swallowed separately. _ , oe 203. Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (Lawrence). ‘Badcounad Ant-Shrike, es Male, Tabernilla, March 19, 1911. Iris dull greenish-yellow, ) black above, bluish below, feet dark-bluish. es co AT 30, 1911. Iris light yellow. cs Found in clearings near the jungle. 204. Erionotus punctatus atrinucha (Salvin and Godman). Slaty Ant-Shrike. _ a Two males and two females, Gatun, July 30, 1911, February 11, 4 1912, and May 7, May 30, 1911. Iris brown, bill black sak > aes gray below, feet ane ; is with a broad wreath of rufous brown spots at the iatees i | A bird of the jungle. | 205. Microrhopias boucardi virgata (Lawrence). Panama Ant-Wren. Female, Gatun, January 21, 1912. Tris black, bill black ssh blue tomial stripe, feet blue-gray. — A noisy, active, arboreal species, an inhabitant of the jungle. 206. Myrmotherula surinamensis (Gmelin). Surinam Ait Wren, Female, Rio Siri, March 31, 1912. Iris brown, bill brovwnish-black paler below, feet blue-gray. | | Found in a clearing along the bark of the river. Nest vetale a end of slender branch six feet from ground, made of fine grasses with — curtain of green moss on exposed side. Eggs two, July 13, 1912, .67 x .51 and .69 x .53 in., grayish-white, heavily speckled, mottled and _ washed with shades of cinnamon-brown, with a heavier wreath around . : the larger end. = [207.] Myrmotherula pygmaea (Gmelin). Pigmy Ant-Wren. 208. Cercomacra nigricans Sclater. Black Tyrannine Antbird. Two males, Colon, February 25, 1913, Toro Point, heated 4, 1912. Iris brown, bill black, feet abst, 1918.| » NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 261 209. Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina (Sclater). - Tyrannine Antbird. Female, Gatun, July 30,1911. Iris grayish-brown, bill black above pale grayish-brown below, feet blue-gray. Shot in a forest thicket. [210.] Myrmopagis melaena (Sclater). Black Ant-Wren. 211. Myrmopagis fulviventris (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Ant-Wren. Three males and a female, Gatun, May 14, 1911, January 21, July 21, 1912, and June 25, 1911. Iris light yellow, bill bluish-black lighter below, feet pinkish, toes blue. Found in low wet forest, near the ground, creeping about the shrubbery like a warbler or vireo. 212. Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis Ridgway. White-bellied Antbird. Male and female, Tabernilla, March 19, 1911, and Pedro Miguel, May 5, 1912. Iris reddish-brown, bill black, feet pale. ~ The pair collected March 19 had their stomachs filled with ants and I watched them for some time hopping back and forth along a trail of leaf-cutter ants. 213. Myrmeciza exsul exsul Sclater. Sclater’s Antbird. Two males and a female, Gatun, July 2, 1911, March 24, 1912, and August 6, 1911. Iris brown, skin around the eye blue, bill black, feet bluish-gray. A noisy species, inhabiting the thick jungle. 214. Ramphocaenus rufiventris rufiventris. Northern Long-billed Ant-Wren.. . Female, Gatun, June 25, 1911. Iris brown, bill grayish-brown, feet blue-gray. A forest bird. [215.] Microbates cinereiventris semitorquatus (Lawrence). Half-collared Ant-Wren. {216.] Anaplops bicolor (Lawrence). Bicolored Ant*Thrush. 217. Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps (Cassin). Bare-crowned Antbird. - Two males, Gatun, February 5 and April 9, and one Tabernilla, April 8, 1911. Iris dark brown, bill black, feet blue-gray. | Several individuals were seen in the jungle climbing along roots and low stems; never saw one on the ground. 218. isinplistas naevioides (Lafresnaye). Spotted Antbird. Two males, Gatun, May 14 and aude 20, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet blue-gray. Nest found in fork of small bush in the forest, about four feet from the ground, a thin pensile cup containing two nearly feathered young. 219. Formicarius moniliger panamensis Ridgway. Panama Antbird. Female. Iris brown, bill black, feet brownish, bare skin pale bluish-gray. | 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June—Oct., [220.] Phaenostictus mcleannani mcleannani (Lawrence). McLeannan’s Asie nea 221. Pittasoma michleri michleri Cassin. Michler’s Ant-Pitta. Male and female, Gatun, July 21, 1912, and August 13; 1911. Iris brown, bill black whitish below, feet blue-gray. : A shy species found in the heavy jungle. Had a very loud pene- trating whistled call, “qua, qua, qua,” ete., slower toward the end, gave it several times on the ground and then flew to a perch about twenty feet up and repeated it several times more. [222.] Hylopezus perspicillatus perspicillatus (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Antbird. DENDROCOLAPTIDA. [223.] Synallaxis pudica pudica Sclater. Slaty Synallaxis. eo 224. Automolus pallidigularis pallidigularis Lawrence. Pale-throated Automolus. Male, Gatun, August 13, 1911. Iris brown, bill dusky-horn, feet grayish-olive. Shot on the ground in the Pia Nest on open tops of twigs, dead leaves, etc., lined with fine grass, slightly elbow-shaped, and about twelve inches long; situated in a tree fork, seven feet up; eggs, two fresh, .83 x .62 in. . 225. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus (Sclater). Mexican Xenops. Three males, Gatun, November 30, 1911, January 21 and May 26, 1912. Iris brown, bill black, feet dark blue-gray. Found in the forest. 226. Sclerurus guatemalensis (Hartlaub). Guatemalan Sclerurus. Two males, Gatun, August 20, 1911, and February 22, 1912. Iris dark brown, maxilla black, mandible pale brownish-yellow with dusky tip, feet blackish-brown. Nest found August 20 was elbow-shaped, made of twigs, leaf skele- tons, weed stalks, rootlets, ete., lined with fine leaf skeletons and four feathers. Eggs, .97 x .64 and .92 x .61 in., glossy white, smaller one very sparingly specked with deep rich brown, larger one more heavily marked with spots and specks of olive-brown. [227.] Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus Sclater. Mexican Sclerurus. 228. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus pectoralis (Sclater). Northern Wedge-bill. Male and female, Gatun, July 21, 1912, and March 22, 1911. Iris brown, bill blackish, feet bluish-black. | Found creeping about tree trunks in heavy jungle. [229.] Deconychura typica Cherrie. Cherrie’s Dechonicura. [230.] Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps (Sclater and Salvin). Panama Ruddy Dendrocincla. _ 231. Dendrocincla lafresnayi ridgwayi (Oberholser). Brown Dendrocincla. Two males, Gatun, May 21 and August 20, 1911. Iris grayish- brown, bill black, gonys light blue, feet blue. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 263: In company with the next species on tree trunks in the forest. [232.| Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae sancti-thomae (Lafresnaye). Barred Wood-Hewer. [233.] Xiphorhynchus punctigulus punctigulus (Ridgway). Spotted-throated Wood-Hewer. 234. Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Wood-Hewer. Two males and two females, May 21 and June 25, 1911; March 29, 1911, and July 21, 1912. Iris brown, bill blackish, feet bluish-horn color. ; A rather common forest bird. 235. Xiphorhynchus lacrimosus lacrimosus (Lawrence). Black-striped Wood-Hewer. Female, Gatun, November 12, 1911. Iris brown, maxilla horn color, mandible pale bluish-white, feet bluish-gray. Shot from a tree trunk in the submerged area of Gatun Lake. [236.] Picolaptes lineaticeps lineaticeps Lafresnaye. Streaked-headed Wood-Hewer. 237. Campylorhamphus venezuelensis (Chapman). Venezuelan Sicklebill. Male, Gatun, April 14, 1911. Iris brown, bill light reddish-brown, feet fuscous. Was picking dead wood from the rotted end of a tree limb, searching for boring insects or larve. TYRANNIDA. 238. Gageres leuconotus Lafresnaye. White-backed Copurus. Male and female, Gatun, February 18, 1912. Iris brown, bill and feet black. [239.] Placostomus superciliaris (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Spade-billed Flycatcher. 240. Craspedoprion aequinoctialis (Sclater). Equinoctial Flycatcher. y Two females, Gatun, December 18, 1910, and August 6, 1911. Iris black, bill black above pinkish below, feet gray-blue. Found in wild banana thickets and in the forest. [241.] Rhynchocyclus marginatus Lawrence. Yellow-margined Flycatcher. [242.] Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps (Sclater). Gray-headed Flycatcher. 243. Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus Lawrence. Yellow-olive Flycatcher. Male and female, Gatun, July 2 and May 28, 1911. Iris brownish- . . gray, bill black above whitish below, tarsi grayish-brown. A forest species. Nest hung loosely from a branch over the water, composed of a mass of very long brown fibers, entrance from the bottom, passage extend- ing up about eight inches to nest proper, which was compactly built; contained three young May 28. Another nest exactly like this one was placed a few feet below, close to the water and contained one_egg, light reddish-brown, with deeper colored spots forming a wreath_at the larger end. The lower nest had been water-soaked. The female specimen was sent to the American Museum of Natural History. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 244. Myiopagis placens accola Bangs. Panama Placid Flycatcher. . mG Male, Gatun, October 17, 1911. Iris brown, bill brown above pale below, feet brownish-black. Shot from a small hedge near the lake hoe Specimen not i in the collection. 245. Todirostrum cinereus finitimum Bangs. Northern Tody Mlyoataher. i Male and female, Gatun, February 27, 1912, and April 21, Iris light yellow, bill black, base and tip of mandible white. Nest found late in March, suspended from tip of twig ten feet from the ground, pensile and shaped like an inverted pear, opening on the side at about one-third the height. Nest ten and a half inches high and three in outside diameter at bottom, made of plant fibers, weed — bark and fine grasses, covered on exposed side with brown fuzzy seeds. Progress in building was very slow but on April 21 it contained two | eggs, .46 x .63 in. Two other nests contained two eggs wR: = | 1911, and June 23, 1912. [246.] Todirostrum nigriceps Sclater. Black-headed Tody Flycatcher. 247. Todirostrum schistaceiceps Sclater. Slate-headed Tody Flycatcher. Male and female, Pedro Miguel, May 5, 1912, and a male, Gaines | February 16, 1912. Iris brown, bill black paler below: feet i plue-erem [248.] Oncostoma cinereigulare (Selater). Bent-billed Flycatcher. 249. Oncostoma olivaceum (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Bent-billed Flycatcher. Two males and a female, March 26, November 3 and November 26, 1911. Iris yellowish-white, bill dusky paler below, feet grayish. — - Has a peculiar clear note, a short song or trill of several notes. Found in the dry jungle and in groves. | 250. Atalotriccus pilaris pilaris (Cabanis). Pigmy Flycatcher. © Two males, Pedro Miguel, April.23, 1911, and May 5, 1912. Iris yellowish-white, bill dusky paler below, feet pale-brownish. ~ Found in second growth. Call a trill, resembling the last syllable : of the Wood Pewee’ s note (M ytochanes virens) prolonged. er, ~ 251. Pipromorpha oleaginea parca (Bangs). Bangs’ Pipromorpha. . Two males and a female, Gatun, July 4, November 30,. hee 14, 1911. Iris brown, bill black lighter below, feet brownish-flesh. = A forest species. ©. EY Nest found May 14 hung ona ion slender vine between the trunks | of large trees, about six feet up. A long pear-shaped structure with entrance on the side, made of green moss and fine agri" ae three, pure white, .58 x .78, .57 x .76 and .56 x .75 in. eee a 1918.] : NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265 252. Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus Lawrence. Olivaceous Mionectes. Male, Gatun, August 20, 1911. Iris brown, = black paler basally and below, feet light aresvisle-tine a Found in the forest. ; [253.] Leptopogon pileatus Cabanis. Brown-capped Leptopogon. ' [254.] Leptopogon flavovirens Lawrence. Yellow-green Leptopogon. {255.] Capsiempis flaveola (Lichtenstein). Yellow Flycatcher. [256.] Tyranniscus vilissimus parvus (Lawrence). Lesser Paltry Flycatcher. 257. Camptostoma pusillum flaviventre (Sclater and Salvin). Yellow-bellied Camptostoma, Two males, Gatun, April 21, 1911, and May 26, 1912. Iris brown, bill fuscous paler below, tarsi Black. Shot from a small tree in an open marshy flat. 258. Elaenia martinica subpagana (Sclater and Salvin). ‘Northern Elaenia. Two females, Gatun, April 21, 1912, and Pedro Miguel, April 23, 1911. Iris brown, bill fuscous lighter below, feet blackish. Found on the edge of swampy thickets. Nest found April 23 saddled on a horizontal limb eight feet from the ground; a shallow and compact cup three inches in diameter, made of fine rootlets, twigs, etc., covered with green moss and gray lichens and lined with dove feathers. Two eggs, .64 x .86 in., white, with small cinnamon-brown blotches and spots in a wreath at the larger end. Another nest at Mt. Hope, April 13, 1913, was exactly like this one; eggs, two. ; 259. Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis Lawrence. Lawrence’s Elaenia. A male and female, Gatun, July 2, 1911, January 27, 1912, and a female, Miraflores, March 5, 1911. Iris brown, bill fuscous lighter below, feet bluish-black. 260. Legatus albicollis (Vieillot). Striped Flycatcher. Male, Gatun, May 2, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Shot on the edge of oe jungle. (261. ] Sublegatus glaber Sclater and Salvin. Smooth Flycatcher. 262. Myiozetetes cayanensis cayanensis (Linnzeus). Cayenne Flycatcher. Three females, Gatun, January 29, May 21 and July 16, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Nest adorned like others of the genus and contained one egg March 17, 1912, 62x .87 in. Another, May 21, 1911, contained three eggs, .63 x .84 and .64 x .85 in. Found in a marshy thicket. On January 29 there was a large flock feeding in the tree tops in wet woodland. 263. Myiozetetes texensis columbianus (Cabanis and Heine). Colombian Flycatcher. Two males and two females, February 12, April 9, 1911, and April 14, 1911, April 21, 1912. Iris light yellow, bill and tarsi black. 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June—Oct.,. A bird of the open, and never found far from water. Nest on horizontal stem of a bush leaning over the water, eight feet above the surface, constructed of plant bark, weed stalks and grasses, lined with very fine grass, bulky but compact, opening on side, nearly spherical, six inches in diameter. Contained three fresh eggs April 9, .64 x .90 and .68 x .94 in., white, finely speckled with cinnamon- brown. Another exactly similar nest found April 14 in same situa- — tion held two fresh eggs. 264. Myiozetetes granadensis Lawrence. Gray-capped Flycatcher. Male, Gatun, July 2, 1911. Iris gray, bill and feet black. Nest as in the last species. Found in thickets. 265. Pitangus lictor (Lichtenstein). Lictor Flycatcher. Female, Gatun, July 9, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Contained an egg nearly ready for deposit. [266.] Coryphotriccus albovittatus (Lawrence). White-ringed Flycatcher. 267. Myiodynastes maculatus nobilis (Sclater). Noble Flycatcher. Two males and a female, Gatun, November 26, 1911, March 30, 1913, and November 30, 1911. Another not in the collection was taken January 21, 1912. Iris brown, bill black above pinkish below with black tip, feet bluish-black. ; Found in the jungle and in clearings along the edge. [268.] Myiodynastes luteiventris Sclater. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. 269. Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus (Lafresnaye). Boat-billed Flycatcher. Female and young, Ft. Lorenzo, June 2, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Nest belonging to these birds was a shallow mass of sticks, thirty-five feet up. in a tree. [270.] Onychorhynchus mexicanus fraterculus Bangs. Colombian Royal Flycatcher. [271.] Cnipodectes subbrunneus (Sclater). Brown Flycatcher. [272.] Cnipodectes minor Sclater. Lesser Brown Flycatcher. 273. Laheodares shes. erythrurus fulvigularis (Salvin and Godman). Fulvous-throated Flye catcher. Two females, Gatun and Rio Trinidad, August 6, 1911, March 31, 1912. Iris brownish-black, bill sooty above whitish below, feet buffy. Found in the forest. 274. Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus (Thayer and Bangs). Bran-colored Flycatcher. Male and female, Gatun, March 26 and November 3, 1911. Iris brown, bill black lighter below, feet black. In second growth thickets and in thick jungle. 1918.1 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 267 275. Myionius barbatus atricaudus (Lawrence). Black-tailed Myiobius. Male and female, Gatun, June 25 and August 13, 1911. Iris black, bill black above, mandible grayish-blue with black tip, feet dark gray. In thickets on the forest edge. Nest a pendant bell-shaped struc- ture with entrance beneath the passage going up and over into the nest cavity; made of dead leaves and fine vegetable fiber, lined with vegetable silk and fine fibers. Situated on a branch overhanging a stream in the forest. Eggs two, rich deep rufous, wreathed about the larger end with deeper shade of the same, .65 x .50 in. Another pair found building July 30 had finished their nest by Au- gust 6. Eggs two, .64x .50 and .67x .50in. Location and materials exactly as in the former one. [276.] Myiobius xanthopygus sulphureipygius (Seclater). Sulphur-rumped Myiobius. *(277.] Empidonax flaviventris (Baird). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. *(278.] Empidonax virescens (Vieillot). Acadian Flycatcher. {279.] Empidonax albigularis Sclater and Salvin. White-throated Flycatcher. *(280.] Empidonax minimus (Baird). Least Flycatcher. *(281.] Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon). Traill’s Flycatcher. *(282.] Empidonax traillii alnorum Brewster. Alder Flycatcher. *[283.] Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee. *[284.] Myiochanes virens (Linnezus). Wood Pewee. Male, Gatun, November 3, 1911. Iris brown, bill black above yellow below, feet black. One of several migrants, calling repeatedly. Specimen not in the collection. [285.] Myiochanes brachytarsus (Sclater). Short-legged Wood Pewee. Two males and two females, Gatun, January 14, 1912, February 16, 1913, and April 4, 1911, January 1, 1912. Tris bivers, bill black above, mandible rich Yellow, feet black. Found in trees in low flat jungle. Note very similar to that of the preceding but with weaker accent. *[286.] Myiarchus crinitus (Gmelin). Great-crested Flycatcher. 287. Myiarchus ferox panamensis (Lawrence). Panama Flycatcher. Two males, Ft. Lorenzo, June 11, and Toro Point, July 23, 1911. Tris brown, bill and feet black. Found in low bushes along the river bank and seashore. 288. Myiarchus nigriceps Sclater. Black-crested Flycatcher. A pair, Gatun, February 4, 1912, and a male, Gatun, November 26, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. 19 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or 289. Tyrannus dominicensis dominicensis (Gmelin), ‘eny Kingbird. Female, Gatun, February 16, 1912. ‘Bill ‘and a black. *290. Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnzeus). Kingbird. | sa ip PS Female, Toro Point, April 27, 1913. ae * : es A solitary migrant, perfectly silent. Twi males and two females, Gatun, Hescabe 3. | ‘eb: and February 12, March 26, 1911. Tris brown, bill bl black. | A very common species in shrubbery along the lake, app , always near water. . i Nest a thin cup of vine stalks aid tendrils in a bush, five feet up, tained three eggs March 20, 1912, .98 x .71; .99 x .70 and 98 x ah: 292. Muscivora tyrannus (Linnzus). Swallow-tailed Flycatcher. Female, Mindi, October 29, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet blac Shot from a small tree in a pasture. PIPRIDZE. ee 293. Sins mentalis ignifera Bangs. Southern Yellow-thighed Minnis Three males, Gatun, April 30, — 27, 1911, and Fi 1912. i Found in trees in low flat jungle. 294. Pipra velutina Berlepsch. Velvety Manakin. Female, Gatun, July 30, 1911. Iris brown, bill lack grayish below, feet blue-black. A bird of the forest. [295.] Chiroprion lanceolata (Wagler). Sharp-tailed Manakin. [296.] Laniocera rufescens (Sclater), Rufous Manakin, 297. Manacus vitellinus (Gould). Gould’s Manakin. Three males and a female, Gatun, February 22, April 9 pale 14, and April 14, 1911. Iris and bill black, feet. reddish-orange. : Always found in fairly thick jungle. Flies with wing beats al as rapid as those of a hummingbird, seen in shrubs and bushes, high up nor on the ground. Makes a snapping noise exactly knocking two stones together and another sound like tearing he cloth. aa Nest hung on a fork of a horizontal twig of a small bush five from the ground, a very frail shallow cup, made of strips of plant. hair-like rootlets and grass stalks. Eggs two, heavily incubs (April 14), .62 x .82 in., grayish, heavily streaked longitudinally 1 varying shades of brown. Another nest contained two fresh eggs May 7, 1911. Sue. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 269 COTINGIDZ. 298. Tityra semifasciata costaricensis Ridgway. Costa Rican Tityra. Male, Ft. Lorenzo, February 26, 1911, and female, Gatun, Feb- ruary 23, 1913. Iris reddish, bare skin around the eye and base of bill red, tip of bill black, feet gray. Found along the shores of the lake and river. [299.] Erator albitorques (DuBus). Fraser’s Erator. [300.] Platypsaris homochrous (Sclater). One-colored Becard. 301. Pachyrhamphus polychropterus cinereiventris (Sclater). Gray-billed Becard. Male and female, Gatun, June 25 and 18, 1911. Iris black, bill blue-gray with black tip, feet blue-black. Nest found June 18 in a crotch of a small tree twenty-five feet from the ground, an enormous pile of strips of dead banana leaves, plant fibers, weeds, bark, etc. A small opening on one side. Eggs three, two of which hatched the same day. The young are hatched naked and blind, reddish in color. Eggs grayish-lavender, streaked and scrawled with deeper brownish. [802.] Pachyrhamphus dorsalis Sclater. Bogota Becard. 303. Pachyrhamphus cinereus (Boddaert). Cinereous Becard. Male, Gatun, May 26, 1912. Iris brown, bill blue-gray with black tip, feet light gray. 304. Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus Lawrence. Cinnamon Becard. Two males, Gatun, July 4, 1911, and February 22, 1912. Iris brown, bill black above, mandible blue-gray, feet blue-gray. Found in the forest. | [305.] Microtriccus brunneicapillus (Lawrence). Brown-capped Tyrannulet. 306. Tyrannulus elatus reguloides (Ridgway). Riker’s Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet. Male, Toro Point, March 3, 1912. Iris buffy-white, feet grayish- blue. 307. Elainopsis gaimardii macilvainii (Lawrence). Mcllvaine’s Flycatcher. Male, Gatun, July 4, 1911. Iris brown, bill blue-black lighter at base below, feet blue-black. Found along the forest trail. Has a quaint single call of Flycatcher quality. I follow Mr. Ridgway in placing this genus in the Cotingide, though I cannot but feel that its affinities are with the Tyrannida. {308.] Lipaugus holerythrus holerythrus Sclater and Salvin. Rufous Lipaugus. [309.] Lathria unirufa clara Ridgway. Panama Lathria. {310.] Sirystes albogriseus (Lawrence). Panama Sirystes. 311. Attila citreopygus citreopygus (Bonaparte). Sclater’s Attila. Male, Gatun, July 2, 1911. Iris gray-brown, bill sooty-black paler at base of mandible, feet blue. 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [June—Oct., A dull stupid bird, perching high up in the forest. [312.] Cotinga nattererii (Boissoneau). ‘Naterer’s Cotinga. 313. Querula purpurata (Miiller). Purple-throated Fruit Crow. Male and female, Gatun, June 23, 1912. Iris brown, bill blue- gray black at tip, feet: black. It flocks in the forest, a shy species. HIRUNDINIDZ{. *314. Riparia riparia (Linneus). Bank Swallow. Male, Gatun, September 23, 1911. Shot from a flock of migrants. 315. Iridoprocne albilineata (Lawrence). Mangrove Swallow. Two males and a female, Gatun, July 17, May 30, 1911, and July 17, 1911. Iris brown, bill blue-black, feet black. Common along the Chagres River, where it nests in holes in partly “submerged stumps. 316. Pygochelidon cyanoleuca (Vieillot). Blue and White Swallow. . Male and female, Gatun, July 7 and 16, 1911. Iris dark brown, bill and feet black. On the former date a flock was coursing over the lawns and clear- ings. On the latter some two hundred were lined up on a telephone wire. ae [317.] udabelifion tibialis (Cassin). White-thighed Swallow. *318. Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert. Barn Swallow. Male and female, Gatun, April 20 and May 30, 1911. A common migrant through April. The unusually late female specimen showed a breeding tendency, as several eggs were well started. It was associated with a flock of Iridoprocne albilineata. 319. Progne chalybea chalybea (Gmelin). Gray-breasted Martin. Male, Gatun, February 4, 1912. Another was obtained at the same place April 13, 1911, but is not in the collection. Iris brown, bill and feet black. Nest in holes usually inaccessible on account of the mud and water. *[320.| Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina Oberholser. Lesser Cliff Swallow. 320a. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon). Rough-winged Swallow. A male, Gatun, December 18, 1910, is typical of this species except. for a slight subterminal dusky blotch on the longest under tail coverts. It is quite uniform above and.is thus distinguished at a glance from specimens of S. ridgwayi. This occurrence is apparently farther south than any previously recorded. —1918.] - NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 271 321. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis (Lawrence). Panama Rough-winged Swallow. A male and two females, Gatun, July 9, 1911, and June 3, 1912, November 5, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet dull black. The last specimen has two pure white quills in the wing. POLIOPTILID As. $22. Polioptila superciliaris superciliaris Lawrence. Lawrence’s Gnatcatcher. Male, Gatun, January 1, 1912. Iris brown, bill black, mandible blue-gray at base, feet black. | Found in second growth. TROGLODYTIDA. - {328.] Heleodytes albobrunneus Lawrence. White-headed Cactus Wren. _ $24, Thryophilus modestus elutus Bangs. Panama Wren. Two males, Gatun, April 30 and December 24, 1911. Iris golden brown, bill black, mandible bluish-gray with black tip, feet blue-gray. In thickets near the jungle. [825.} Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus Ridgway. Chestnut-backed Wren. 326. Thryophilus galbraithii galbraithii (Lawrence). Galbraith’s Wren. A pair, Gatun, June 23, 1912, and a male, Gatun, April 14, 1912. Tris reddish-brown, bill dusky paler below, feet blue-gray. In thickets. 327. Thryophilus castaneus castaneus (Lawrence). Bay Wren. Male, female and nestling, Gatun, February 18, March 15, 1911, and July 28, 1912. Iris reddish-brown, bill black lighter below, feet black. 3 Found in heavy undergrowth in damp jungle-thickets. Song loud and ringing, resembling that of Thryothorus ludovicianus, but much longer. Nest a loosely built elbow-shaped affair, made almost entirely of a round-stemmed grass and lined with finer stems of the same, a few coarser stems and reddish-brown vine tendrils on the outside. Loosely placed in vines, four feet up, by a stream; contained one fresh egg, July 28, measuring .90 x .59 in. | 328. Troglodytes musculus inquietus (Baird). Panama House Wren. Male and female, Gatun, February 26, 1911; male, Gatun, Sep- tember 17, 1911, and female and young, Ft. Lorenzo, June 11, 1911. Tris gray-brown, bill and feet brown. In thickets along the lake shore, cocoanut groves, etc. A nest was built in a floating boathouse, on a beam under the roof, made of weed stalks, small twigs and a few feathers inside. Also contained a small cast snake skin and part of a kodak film. The 272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF pink heavily speckled with rufous Bien with cane aes effect at. ir end, ‘74 x .56 and .75 x .55 in. After these were Any ae 0 the change of location. ies 329. Henicorhina prostheleuca pittieri (Cherrie). Pittier’s Wood Wren. i Male, Gatun, February 22, 1912. Iris brown, bill and 330. Leucolepis lawrencii (Sclater). Lawrence’s Musician Wren. see Male and female, Gatun, July 30, 1911, and April 9, 191 brown, bill black, feet light brown, bare skin around the eye green. A bird of the jungle. 3 2 Nest found in low wet forest two feet from the ground on Ma; 1911. It consisted of a long tube or tunnel with the nes ] at the far end, built of sticks, twigs and dead leaves, lined wit Eggs two, .65 x .92 and .65 x .89 in., white, very finely an speckled with brown, one almost immaculate. ey ay [331.] Pheugopedius hyperythrus (Salvin and Godman). Talis netic weanan Be 332. Pheugopedius fasciato-ventris albigularis (Sclater). Panama Blac Male, Gatun, June 25, 1911. Iris bright brown, bill black , gray below, feet bluish-gray.. Shae Shot in a jungle thicket on a small stream. [333.] Microcerculus luscinia Salvin. Panama Nightingale Wren. ) MIMID 2. [334.] Dumetella carolinensis (Linneus). Catbird. TURDIDA. 335. nope grayi casius (Bonaparte). Bonaparte’s Thrush. 1912. Iris dark piswa bill dictle yellow een at ie feet p yellow. | Frequents tall trees in the jungle. Nest in fork of a small tree in second arom timber, twelve f : and moss, with a lining of ‘ants and tendrils. Eggs three, fresh, -86 x 1.24 and .88 x 1.23 ins., greenish-blue_heavily marked 1 various shades of brown, mainly at the larger end. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 273 Another nest in same vicinity, May 5, 1912, contained three incu- bated eggs, 1.12 x .83 and 1.13 x .84 ins. A third set of three meas- ured 1.04 x .72 and 1.06 x .73 ins. [336.] Planesticus obsoletus (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Thrush. *(337.| Hylocichla ustulata swainsonii (Cabanis). Olive-backed Thrush. *(338.] Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (Vieillot). Veery. VIREONID A. 339. Vireosylva flavoviridis flavoviridis Cassin. Yellow-green Vireo. Male, Agua Clara, May 19, 1912. Iris red, bill and feet pale blue-gray. *[340.] Vireosylva olivacea (Linnzus). Red-eyed Vireo. *[341.] Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieillot). Yellow-throated Vireo. 342. Pachysylvia viridiflava (Lawrence). Yellow-green Pachysylvia. Male, Mt. Hope, February 22, 1913; female, Gatun, May 30, 1912. Tris whitish yellow, bill and feet pinkish. 343. Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Pachysylvia. Male, Pedro Miguel, May 5, 1912. Shot from a tree in a wild banana jungle. 344. Pachysylvia decurtata (Bonaparte). Gray-headed Pachysylvia. Male and young, Gatun, July 4 and June 25, 1911. Iris dark brown, bill gray-brown, feet bluish-gray. . | Found in the forest. [345.] Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps Ridgway. Panama Shrike-Vireo. *(346.] Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. (347.] Anthus parvus Lawrence. Panama Pipit. MNIOTILTIDZA. #348, Moniotilta varia (Linneus). Black and White Warbler. Male, Gatun, March 26, 1911. *349. Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Male, Toro Point, October 1; female, Mindi, October 7, 1911. *[350.] Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnzus). Golden-winged Warbler. *(351.] Vermivora peregrina (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. *(352.] Dendroica magnolia (Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. *[353.] Dendroica coronata (Linnzus). Myrtle Warbler. *(354.] Dendroica virens (Gmelin). Black-throated Green Warbler. *[355.] Dendroica cerulea (Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. *(356.] Dendroica fusca (Miiller). Blackburnian Warbler. *357. Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnzeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Two males and one unsexed, Gatun, March 31, 1911 (molt com- pleted), February 4, 1912 (molt begun), February 22, 1912. 274 PROCEEDINGS OF i *358. Dendroica castanea (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. *359. Dendroica aestiva aestiva (Gmelin). Yellow Warblen. vember 5, 1911, and August 29 and Desentber 2, 9 360. Dendroica erithachorides Baird. Panama Yellow Warbler. os fe Be Four males, Mt. Hope, February 9 and August 31, 1913, ( Point, July 23 and October 1, 1911. Iris black, bill and et brown. s In bushes along the shore. *361. Oporornis formosus (Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Female, Gatun, February 22, 1911. *362. Oporornis philadelphia (Wilson).. Mourning Warbler. Male and female, Gatun, April 7 and 14, 1912. collection.) . [363.] Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend). MeGillivtay’s Warbler. = *364. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linneus). Ovenbird. ; Female, Gatun, November 26, 1911. *(365.] Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot). Louisiana Water Thrush. *366. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin). Water Thrush. PL EISE Male, Gatun, March 29, 1911; female, Caley _ 44, 1911 Found regularly all winter. | - *367. Wilsonia canadensis (Linneus). Canada Warbler. Male, Gatun, April 28, 1912. *[368.] Wilsonia citrina (Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. *369. Setophaga ruticilla (Linneus). Redstart. Es Three males, Gatun, March 26 and November 26, 1911, Apsil 1912; female, Gatun, April 14, 1912, . : 370. Basileuterus rufifrons mesochrysus (Sclater). Sclater’s Warbler. Male and an unsexed specimen, Gatun, April 7, 1912, and Pedro Miguel, April 23, 1911. Iris brown, bill fuscous, feet light flesh-color. 371. Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis (Sharpe). Buff-rumped Warbler. eee Female, Rio Siri, March 31, 1912. Iris brown, bill blackish. Frequents river banks and overhanging tree-roots. Flits its wings like a Kinglet (Regulus), flashing its bright rump. Hasabeau- tiful clear ringing song, somewhat like that of the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), but more striking because the crescendo rises higher. | The bird also walks like an Ovenbird and feeds along the water’s onee > like a Water Thrush (S. noveboracensis). <3 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. | 275 FRINGILLIDAL. *(372.] Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnzus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 373. Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway. Panama Blue Grosbeak. Two males and a female, Gatun, July 30, 1911; August 11, 1912; June 18, 1911. Iris brown, bill bluish-horn color, feet black. Nest a frail cup of fine twigs lined with vine tendrils in crotch of bush five feet up in a thicket. Eggs two, bluish-white, wreathed heavily at the larger end with reddish and purplish brown, .82 x .71 in. A bird of thickets and heavy forest. 374. Oryzoborus funereus Sclater. Lesser Rice Grosbeak. Male, Ft. Lorenzo, June 21, 1911. Associates with the next. 375. Sporophila aurita (Bonaparte). Hicks’ Seedeater. Three males and three females, Gatun, March 22, April 13, De- cember 24, 1911; June 25, 1911, June 2 and August 11, 1912. Iris brown, bill blackish-horn, feet gray-brown. Nest a thin-walled cup, made entirely of fine reddish-brown tendrils, situated in the terminal twigs of a small sapling, fifteen feet from the ground. Eggs two, heavily incubated (June 25), white, very heavily marked all over with brown and with some wash of lavender at the _ larger end, .66x .51in. Another nest August 11, 1912, contained two eggs nearly fresh, .69 x .53 and .70 x .53 in. Occurs in flocks of a dozen feeding on seeds in grass and shrubbery in open places and in second growth. (376.] Sporophila grisea schistacea (Lawrence). Slate-colored Seedeater. [377.] Sporophila minuta minuta (Linnzus). Minute Seedeater. (878.] Sporophila gutturalis (Lichtenstein). Yellow-bellied Seedeater. 379. Tiaris olivacea pusilla (Swainson). Mexican Grassquit. Male and female, Gatun, December 24, 1911, and April 7, 1912. Iris brown, bill horn-brown, feet gray-brown. Common in second growth. 380. Volatinia jacarini splendens (Vieillot). Blue-black Grassquit. Three males and two females, March 22 and November 26, 1911, July 21, 1912; April 18 and December 24, 1911. Iris black, bill black above bluish below, feet blue-black. Flocks with Sporophila aurita. Nest (July 21, 1912) in clump of weeds, two feet from the ground, a frail thin-walled cup of fine vine tendrils or rootlets. Eggs two, fresh, pale bluish or greenish-white heavily spotted with brown, lavender and burnt umber, denser at the larger end, .69 x .51 and .68 x .51 in. {381.] Amaurospiza concolor Cabanis. Cabanis’ Seedeater. 276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACA’ a MY OF | 382. Pitylus grossus (Linnzus). Slate-colored Grosbeak. — Male, Gatun, June 25, 1911. Iris dark bow, va salmon ik, tarsi dull black. E at Found in clearing in the forest. [383.] Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis Ridgway. ais Gea 7 884. Saltator magnoides intermedius (Lawrence). Panama Buff-th tator. Female, Gatun, April 30, 1911. Iris greenish-brown, vill I feet fuscous. fay Nest (April 30) in shrubbery in clearing two feet up, a = ky pact cup set on a light base of sticks, made of strips of banana and plant bark and lined with brown rootlets and vine tenc Eggs two, neatly fresh, blue with a few spots of black in a weenie the larger end, .72 x 1.03 and .75 x 1.01 ins. A common species in thickets adjoining the forest; very quiet. 885. Saltator atriceps lacertosus Bangs. Panama Black-headed Saltator. Mas Female, Agua Clara, March 12, 1911. Iris brown, a | blac grayish-horn color. at A fairly common species. Has a sud and pecntede ds harsl Nest (April 30) three feet up in a shrub grown over with vines b rather small open cup. Eggs two, bluish-green wreathed with bl ck at the larger end, 1. 13 x .76 and 1.12 x .79 ins. Another nes 7 886. Saltator albicollis isthmicus (Sclater). Panama Streaked Saltator. : ee A male, Pedro Miguel, May 5, 1912, and female, Tabernilla, — 18, 1911. Iris gray-brown, bill black, feet pale brown. [387.] Astragalinus psaltria croceus (Jouy). Central American Goldfinch. *388. Spiza americana (Gmelin). Dickcissel. Male and two unsexed specimens, Gatun, June 16, March. 16 ; February 18, 1912; male, Miraflores, March 5, 1911, and i Mindi, October 15, 1911. 3 March 16, a flock was seen along the river bank; the others were alone. : ; 389. Arremonops conirostris conirostris (Bonaparte). Lafresnaye’s Sparrow. Male, Gatun, April 18, 1911; female, Ft. Lorenzo, June 11, 1911. | Tris light bea bill black lighter below, feet gray-brown. Nest (April 18) in a tussock of grass against a stump about a foot from the ground, an open cup of dead leaves, strips of bark and weed stalks lined with light-brown rootlets. Eggs two, plain white,.71x .93 and .72 x .93 in. Two other nests (June 2 and June 11) were 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 277 found, but of same materials, one in a shrub six feet from the ground. Eggs, two in each, were fresh; those in the latter one were larger, 1.06 x ./2 and 1.05 x .74 ins. 390. Arremon aurantiirostris Lafresnaye. Orange-billed Sparrow. Male, Gatun, August 27, 1911. Iris brown, bill salmon-red, feet pale brown. Found in the forest. CCG:REBID 2. 891. Coereba mexicana (Sclater). Mexican Banana-quit. Three males, Gatun, April 4, June 25 and November 3, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet black. In thickets and second growth. 892. Dacnis cayana ultramarina (Lawrence). Ultramarinc Dacnis. Two males and two females, Gatun, June 4, November 26, 1911, and July 2, 1911, April 7, 1912. Iris reddish-brown, bill dull black above paler below, feet light brown. - Found in the jungle as well as in groves. 893. Cyanerpes cyaneus (Linnzus). Blue Honey-Creeper. Two males and a female, Gatun, July 2, 1911, April 14, 1912, and December 24, 1911. Iris brown, bill black, feet red. Common in second growth. [394.] Cyanerpes lucidus (Sclater and Salvin). Shining Honey-Creeper. 395. Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis (Sclater). Northern Green Honey-Creeper. Female, Gatun, June 4, 1911. Iris brown, bill black lighter below, feet bluish-gray. TANAGRIDZ. 396. Tanagra crassirostris (Sclater). Thick-billed Euphonia. Two males, Gatun, November 3, 1911, and April 4, 1912; male and female, Mindi, October 22 and September 17, 1911; male, Toro. Point, March 3, 1912, and male, Mt. Hope, June 1, 1913. Iris brown, max- illa black with a bluish spot on each side, mandible bluish-gray, feet dark gray. Seen frequently in second growth and in trees in open ground. [897.] Tanagra fulvicrissa (Sclater). Fulvous-vented Euphonia. [398.] Tanagra luteicapilla (Cabanis). Yellow-crowned Euphonia. [399.] Tanagra minuta humilis (Cabanis). White-vented Euphonia. 400. Tangara larvata fanny (Lafresnaye). Mrs. Wilson’s Tanager. Male, Mindi, October 15, 1911, and female, Gatun, April 30, 1911+ Iris brown, bill black, feet blue-black. Usually seen on the edge of the jungle. 278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June-Oct., 401. Tangara inornata (Gould). Plain-colored Tanager. Male and female, Gatun, April 7, 1912, and May 30, 1911. Iris brown, bill black blue-gray below, feet blue-gray. Found on the edge of the jungle. [402.] Tangara gyroloides (Lafresnaye). Blue-rumped Green Tanager. [403.] Tangara lavinia (Cassin). Lavinia’s Tanager. 404, Thraupis cana cana (Swainson). Blue Tanager. Two females, Toro Point, April 2, 1911, and also taken at Gatun, March 2, 1911. Iris brown, bill black above blue-gray below, feet dark grayish-blue. A fairly abundant bird in thickets and cocoanut groves. 405. Thraupis palmarum melanoptera (Sclater). Black-winged Tanager. Three males, Gatun, March 2, 1913; Toro Point, July 23, 1911, and Ft. Lorenzo, January 7, 1912. 3 Found in cocoanut groves. [406.] Ramphocelus luciani Lafresnaye. Bonaparte’s Tanager. 407. Ramphocelus icteronotus Bonaparte. Yellow-rumped Tanager. Male and female, Gatun, February 12, and a female, Gatun, April 30, 1911. Iris reddish-brown, bill light blue with dark edges and tip, — feet dark blue. Common in thickets along the edge of the jungle. Nest five feet up in clump of shrubbery, a very compact cup, made of vines on the outside, dead leaves, plant fibers and finally a lining of brown and black rootlets. Eggs two, nearly fresh (April 30), blue with heavy blackish blotches on large end forming a cap, .67 x .93 in. Another nest (May 14) exactly the same, with the same sort of vine wrapped around the outside. Eggs two, fresh, .73 x .95 in., blue, with black spots more scattered. 7 408. Ramphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus Ridgway. Panama Crimson-backed Tanager. Three males, Mindi, September 17, 1911; Tabernilla, March 19, 1911, and Gatun, April 5, 1912; two females Ft. Lorenzo, June 21, 1911, and Miraflores, March 5, 1911. Iris reddish-brown, bill black above, mandible white for basal two-thirds (uniform dusky in female), feet black. A fairly common species in thickets. Nest a frail shallow cup, made of strips of plant bark and dead leaves, lined with finer grass stalks and a few black hairs, ten feet up ina bush. Eggs two (June 11), blue, with irregular spots and scrawls of black about the larger end, one much more extensively spotted than the other, .96 x .66 and .96 x .69 in. Another nest (March 3, 1912) at Toro Point contained two fresh eggs, .94 x .70 in. Sy iar o Ve ae bu ~~ , = ia —- a S ca tr 1918.] — NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 279. *[409.] Piranga rubra rubra (Linnezus). Summer Tanager. *[410.] Piranga erythromelas (Vieillot). Scarlet Tanager. 411. Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda Cabanis. Dusky-tailed Ant-Tanager. Two males, Gatun, May 30, 1911, and January 21, 1912; two others, Agua Clara, March 12, 1911, and Mt. Hope, June 1, 1913; two fe- males, Gatun, May 14, 1911, and Agua Clara, March 12, 1911. Iris brown, bill black (brown in female), feet gray suffused with pink. Found in thickets and in the jungle. It has a guttural scolding note somewhat similar to that of a wren but with more volume. Nest in a cluster of orchids on a vine eight feet up; a eup made of dead leaves wound tightly with green vines and lined with brown rootlets. Two fresh eggs (May 14), glossy white, .66 x 1.01 and .65 x .95 ins. ; Stomach of one of the birds contained many insects, a few seeds and a small snake. [412.] Heterospingus rubrifrons (Lawrence). Lawrence’s Tanager. 413. Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert). Boddaert’s Tanager. Male and female, Tabernilla, April 8, 1911, and female, Gatun, May 7, 1911. Iris brown, bill and feet bluish. Nest (May 7) in a clump of leaves of wild banana two feet from the ground. Eggs two, .70 x .94 and .71 x .96 in., gray spotted and scrawled with black very much like those of Agelaius pheniceus. 414. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny. White-shouldered Tanager. Male, Gatun, February 11, 1912. Iris grayish-brown, bill black with wedge-shaped blue spot on the sides, tarsi blackish-slate. [415.] Tachyphonus delatrii Lafresnaye. Tawny-crested Tanager. 416. Eucometis cristata (DuBus). Gray-crested Tanager. Two males, Gatun, February 5 and July 9, 1911, and an unsexed specimen, March 3, 1912. Iris reddish-brown, bill black, feet flesh color. Found in thick undergrowth of jungle. Nest a loosely built cup, formed entirely of slender round fibers and very fine reddish-brown tendrils, situated in a bush. Two eggs, partly incubated (July 9), gray, heavily marked with blotches and smears of smoky-brown and blackish, .94 x .70 and .92 x .69 in. [417.] Mitrospingus cassini Lawrence. Cassin’s Tanager. 418. Rhodinocichla rosea eximia Ridgway. Panama Thrush Tanager. Two males, Tabernilla, March 19, 1911, and Pedro Miguel, May 5, 1912; female, Mt. Hope, February 20, 1913. Iris light brown, bill blue-gray dusky at base, feet bluish-black. Found in thickets. Song very striking; a loud clear whistle of two. ae 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or notes or syllables, repeated several tiles. ‘Mote often two birds n n together sing at the same time, but in a different Pee: as if one song was an accompaniment to the other. = I follow Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark in placin Tanagride and have altered Mr. Ridgway’s vernacular Warbler” as suggested by Dr. Clark (cf. The Auk, 1913, ICTERID Ai. {[419.] Zarhynchus wagleri wagleri (Gray). Wagler’s Oropendula. [420.] Gymnostinops montezuma (Lesson). Montezuma Oropendula. [421.] Cacicus microrhynchus (Sclater and Salvin). Small-billed Cacique. 422. Cacicus vitellinus Lawrence. Lawrence’s seer ens to judge of their size. 423. Cassidix orizivora violea Bangs. Colombian Rice Grackle. ays Female, Gatun Lake, July 16, 1911. _ nis "bully-yllow va feet black. Shot from a tree top; was alone. *[424.] Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnzus). Bobolink. 425. Amblycercus holosericeus (Lichtenstein). Prevost’s Cacique. Female, Gatun, February 5, 1911. Iris very light yellowi brown, bill light greenish-yellow, feet bluish-gray. ; An inhabitant of the jungle. _ [426.] Leistes militaris (Linneus). Red-breasted Blackbird. *(427.] Icterus spurius (Linneus). Orchard Oriole. *(428.] Icterus galbula (Linnzus). Baltimore Oriole. * [429.] Icterus giraudii Cassin. Giraud’s Oriole. 430. Icterus mesomelas salvinii (Cassin). Salvin’s Oriole. Three males, Gatun, February 18 (2) and 22, 1912; two females, Gatun, May 14 and 28, 1911, and a male, Toro Point, August 4, 1912. Iris brown, bill bluish-gray darker on culmen, feet grayish-blue. : Found in wild banana thickets and in trees. au | [431.] Megaquiscalus major macrourus (Swainson). Great-tailed Grackle. CORVIDZ:. 432. Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni Ridgway. Talamanca Jay. Male, Gatun, January 1, 1912; another not in the salleaasen was secured August 13, 1911, at the same place. Chie Found in the for est in small flocks, shy and hard to approach. | 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 281 NOVEMBER 19. Tuomas H. Fenton, M. D., in the Chair. Twenty-seven persons present. The Publication Committee reported the presentation of papers under the following titles for publication in the PROCEEDINGS :— “On the generic position of Sonorella wolcottiana,’ by H. A. Pilsbry (April 30, 1918). ““A new Characin from Paraguay,’’ by Henry W. Fowler (May 2, 1918). “Two New Shells from Haiti,” by E. G. Vanatta (July 1, 1918). “Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel,’’ by Witmer Stone (October 10, 1918). “Mollusca of the Southwestern States. IX, The Santa Catalina, Rincon, Tortillita and Galiuro Mountains. X, The Mountains of the Gila Headwaters,” by Henry A. Pilsbry and James H. Ferriss (November 8, 1918). A paper entitled ‘The Northeastern Florida Coast Revisited,’ by Clarence B. Moore, was presented May 6, 1918, for publication in the JouRNAL, completing the sixteenth volume of the second series. The deaths of the following members were announced :-— Frank Miles Day, William F. Dreer, heodore H. Conderman, Isaac Norris, M. D., William F. DuBois. The following was ordered to be published: 20 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY oF [Ni MOLLUSCA OF THE SOUTHWESTERN STATES—IX, THE CON, TORTILLITA AND GALIURO MOUNTAINS. THE GILA HEADWATERS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY AND JAS. H. FERRISS.! The Santa Catalina, in Pima County, north of Tueson, $01 the large ranges of Southern Arizona, about forty-five miles in including its Tanque Verde and Rincon outliers, with an width of twenty-five miles. Mount Lemon with an elevati 0 9,150 feet is heavily forested with yellow pine, quaking asp, cork bark fir (Abies arizonica), Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga mucronata cypress (Cupressus arizonica), other coniferous trees, large o - and an alder as tall as a pine. The male fern and the brake here four feet in height. The Douglas spruce are eigh i eter. There isa forest gloom at mid-day, and a ground cover indicating a timber growth of many years without interruption fires or lumbering. Winter often brings ten feet of snow. W numerous trout streams, it has the attractions, summer and Ww of the deep forests along the Canadian border without their insects. 3 In quantity and number of species of the smaller snails the l slope of Mount Lemon has the best record so far. © the fallen bark of the Douglas spruce and the dead poles of the qua! ing asp and cork bark fir. Unlike his brethren with a polished this snail seeks food and cover similar to those used by the Polyg of timbered areas in the Mississippi valley and eastward. The humid forest conditions of the region around Lemon Moun prevail at Soldier Camp, Kellogg’s Peak, Alder Canyon, Alder Springs. The Spud Rock Ranger Station and other high peaks of tk Rincon section, except in lacking cork bark fir, also follow Mo Lemon closely in forest conditions. They have the large yaks conifers, the quaking asp, and the heavy nPOE of humus und but not quite as many snails. ~ 1 The field work covered by this report was by Ferriss, assisted in the E soa River region and the Mogollon Mountains by the late L. E. Daniels. * 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 283 built villages of summer cottages. It is about a full day’s journey from Tucson on horseback. A small saw mill furnishes building material for this summer society, for a sanitarium now under con- struction and for the copper mines over the ridge at the foot of Marble Peak. Except in the valley of the San Pedro river and the village of Oracle only a few miners, ranch men and forest rangers are to be found in all this group of ranges. There are more bears and mountain lions than people. The southern slopes of the Catalinas, the foot hills and mesas, and the Galiuro and Tortillita ranges are not heavily forested. At best it is low, open woods or desert shrubbery, through which the granite rocks and precipices glisten in the sun. The soil is dry, though often covered with fallen leaves and growing vegetation. A few Sonorellas and some of the smaller snails may be found at all alti- tudes in the rock slides, the talus, on all sides of the mountain, and in any kind of rock, especially smooth and stratified rock; sometimes also under.fallen timber, or in small piles of boulders. In the dry season, among dry and hot rocks, dead shells will be the rule. Here one must dig a full eight hour day for a live one. We find a two-foot bar of half inch octagonal steel very helpful. The bar should have a two-inch chisel edge flattened out at each end, one of these turned at a right angle like a hoe. It will weigh one and three-quarter pounds; a good digger, a jimmy for rock work, and a helpful staff in steep and rough places. Sonorella is something of a rambler, more so than Ashmunella or Oreohelix, and upon damp days scouts may be met out in the fallen leaves far from their rocky homes. Often single, dead, lie along the trails where there is no shelter in the vicinity for snailkind. In 1913, on the south side of the Santa Catalinas in the dry season, day after day but one or two living Sonorellas were found. It was the same about Brush Corral Ranger Station, on the north side, in the rocky slides of the canyons nearly on a level with the river. In one of these slides of three or more feet in depth, three hundred good “bones” were found’ but none alive. It was also the same kind of collecting in the Galiuros and the Tortillitas in the winter of 1917-18. A small deep slide of “porphyry” or shale, shaded partially with rose bushes, elder or gooseberry bushes, makes an ideal home for the Southwestern snails. The Galiuro range, in Graham County, and the Tortillita range, in Pinal County, as yet unsurveyed, seem to have an elevation of 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov.—Dec., about 7,000 or 8,000 feet, granite or other igneous rock prevailing, and with but a little timber. A few ledges of sharp-pointed limestone, dolomite probably, had no attraction for the snails. The entire region at present is inaccessible except to horsemen and pedestrians and these should carry their own food and shelter. We did, and lived like kings before the war. One of us (Ferriss) collected a few days, less than a week, in the Santa Catalinas, Mount Lemon and Soldier Camp, in 1910; again much of the time from May to October in 1913, on the southern slope, around Mount Lemon, Soldier Camp, Marble Peak and on the northern mesa, about Brush Corral. Again a month was spent in 1917, at Sabino Basin, Bear Creek, and Brush Corral, the Rincon Peaks and the Galiuros. The guide, Frank Cole, on a hunting trip, brought in Sonorellas from the Tortillitas and from the Cafiada del Oro section of the Santa Catalinas. Many inviting prospects in these mountains remain neglected. They surely contain species still unknown. Life is rapid in snaildom, decay a slow process in an arid climate; and possibly these fat cemeteries in the basements of Sonorella slides merely represent the natural death rate of many years. It may be that one living inhabitant to one hundred skeletons is the right proportion. However an impression grows upon the collector as he digs in the arid foothills, that in earlier times there were periods or seasons more favorable to snail life—seasons with more moisture, more vegetation, and a deeper humus. The steep mountain gulches with walls on either side thrown above the surrounding surface quite plainly speak of days when the floods were greater than any known in modern times. These boulder bulwarks contain potsherds and other evidence of human occupation; also Sonorellas. As collecting grounds they are often preferable to the large slides farther up the mountain. Among these boulders, in the hot sunlight, we found the largest Sonorella. Measured crudely in the field it had a diameter of 33 millimeters. In collecting Sonorellas and Oreohelices from arid to humid zones in the same canyon or mountain, one gets the impression that the differences of size are mainly a matter of the breed; that they are racial, rather than due to length of growing season, supply of food or climatic comforts. We naturally search ideal environments of food, shade and shelter for robust races, and expect to meet the pigmy forms in hot, dry and barren places. Often what we find is the reverse of this. On one climb in 1918, at Kitt’s Peak, a large ES aaa al ESET ase 1 oP ee Ree eT eden eT 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 285 and robust Sonorella was found at a low elevation in a barrier of boulders, so dry and barren the snails would necessarily lie dormant a large part of the year. At a thousand feet higher, beside a stream of running water, came in a much smaller breed; and, 1500 feet above number two, with an ideal situation as to a moist atmosphere, food, shelter and snail comfort, lived a pigmy Sonorella of about 12 millimeters in diameter. : Again on the Kaibab Plateau in 1909, every colony of Oreohelix strigosa depressa seemed a little different from all other colonies. At Two Spring Canyon with running water all the way, the pigmies were at the higher station in a grove of quaking asp. Every colony increased in size and color brilliance at a regular pace down the canyon. Here seemed proof positive of the advantage of a longer growing season. Over the ridge in Snake Gulch the order was re- versed, for the larger shells were at the top in a dry situation, and their size seemingly decreased in proportion to the mileage as we descended along a running stream. In Jacobs Canyon, running parallel to Snake Gulch, dry all the way, the large and gaudy shells were midway, the smaller and paler above and below. Food condi- tions may have had some influence in the development of these races but if so the evidence was not apparent. In the field we meet contradictions continually beyond our understanding, but perhaps we may have a better comprehension before the survey of the South- west is completed. HELICIDZ. Sonorella odorata n.sp. PI. III, figs. 1 to 4. The shell is depressed, umbilicate, the umbilicus contained about 7% times in the diameter of shell; buffy-citrine below, somewhat lighter than isabella color above, with a chestnut brown band at the shoulder. The first half whorl has irregular radial wrinkles soon passing into a low granulation, the last embryonic whorl granular, over which there are close decurrent threads, interrupted into short dashes on the upper part of the whorl. . Subsequent whorls are very minutely granular, somewhat dull, the granulation effaced at the base, which is more glossy. The last whorl shows also numerous faint spiral striae. The whorls are quite convex, the early ones increasing slowly, the last widening rapidly, rather abruptly descend- ing close to the aperture. The aperture is elliptical-lunate; peristome is narrowly expanded throughout, dilated at the columellar insertion. Alt. 11.4, diam. 19.5 mm.; 43 whorls (type). 2 18.4;0.% (238 “fo 4h Station 18; 1917). ES > Rapa rae 4 ‘‘ Station 18, 1917). 286 Fig. 1. Genitalia of S. odorata. «, No. 119,032; 6, penis-papilla of. much ea tee c, No. 119,035, with Lefer of penis-papilla; d, No. erica “s The sole is tripartite in color, the Mae areas being norhenelieikt dar] The back and head are quite dark in most alcoholic anise I in life, the tips of the tubercles lighter. The penis is small, containing a cylindric papilla wilds: roun end, about two-thirds as long as the penis. The penial relearn inserted upon the epiphallus not far from its base. The fle is present as a very minute but distinct bud in most of the specin opened, but in two it was not seen though looked for. In the. men No. 119,032 (figs. 1a, b,), the male organs are evidently not ft developed, the penis and epiphallus being small and short, 1 the retractor muscle is correspondingly longer, making the — | adult. MMcasnrenenta of the organs in mm. follow: 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 287 | PI } ; o -| = fe) — i Loca.iry. ae bs a = agi 8 aS Be 2 B62 | 2 ES) BP leelse| E in eia | & ikl Se lass]. z Head of Alder Canyon...) 6.6)... | 7.5 | trace|7 | 6 ce 20s} 119,033 . :: Bert eee fTie) 2 1s. 1 et. to Pee | 120,088 N.-E. side Mt. Lemon 6 (3.3/8 |trace}5 |4.5).../} 19 | 119,034 uf Gor 8 6 |4 |5 |trace|7 |4 |... | 24 | 119,085 ee “a VT 16 (8 \taee'6 (5 [05.7.1 119,088 S. of spring, Mt.Lemon?..| 3.5|2 3.2) O (13.55 20 | 119,032 S. 0. marmoris, Station 36,10.7.6.5 8 dwt. i. | 8 20 | 109,075a Santa Catalinas above 7500 ft.: Mt. Lemon, Stations 5 and 6 (1911), 32 and 37 (1913), on the trail to Webber’s and other places. Soldier Camp, Bear Wallow, Head of Alder Canyon (type loc., No. 119,033). Kellogg Peak, southeastern side. Rincons at station 22, Spud Rock Ranger Station, and Station 20, on the north slope. It lives in deep humid forest in colonies, as our eastern helices do, under logs and bark of quaking asp and Arizona fir, sometimes by dozens. Only at Spud Rock it was found deep in rocks, also humid. It is a timber snail of the Canadian zone forest. In general aspect the shell reminds one of the Californian helices. This is a common snail in the heavily wooded upper levels of the Santa Catalinas, taken at many stations. When picked up it emits a strong unpleasant odor recalling that of the goldenrod of Thunder- head mountain in East Tennessee (probably Solidago odora). This - was first noticed at Kellogg Peak. When picked up the snail shot out two or three drops of liquid six inches or more (evidently ex- pelled from the lung as the foot is’ retracted). One often smelled them before finding any. But three or four shells broken by mice or squirrels were noticed in the course of collecting, and it may b that the snail-eaters object to the smell. | By the genitalia this species is related to S. clappi of the Santa Rita range, and S. ferrisst of the Dragoons, though differing from both in several details. The shell is most like S. clappi. It differs from other Santa Catalina species by the minute granulation of the surface, which gives it a dull, silky luster. 2 Specimen not fully mature. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF . [Noy—Dee. del Oro and some other places the general hue is cinnamon or cin- namon-buff, opaque, and the size small, diam. 18 to 20 mm. The smallest adult seen measures 17 mm. in diameter. - Specimens from the Rincons, Station 22 (1917), are pale cinnamon or greenish above, fading to a pale, bluish-gray on the base, the band with narrow, indistinct paler borders or without them. The lip is conspicuously brown-edged. The umbilicus is generally wider than in the Catalina shells. One perfect shell and another broken one in this lot are albinos, or at least the tint is very pale, and there is no band. These shells are found deep in a rock slide in a quaking asp thicket. At Station 20 (1917), on the northern slope of the Rincons, two dead but fresh shells were found in a day’s search. Sonorella odorata marmoris n. subsp. PI. III., figs. 6 to 6b. The shell is more solid than S. odorata, opaque; cinnamon, paler around the umbilicus and on both sides of the chestnut-brown band. Last whorl is decidedly more depressed than in S. odorata, and is narrower as viewed from above. The umbilicus is wider. The aperture is much smaller. Alt. 10.4, diam. 20 mm.; 42 whorls (type). ce 9, 73 18 (z3 4} 6c bi Fig. 2. Genitalia of S..o. marmoris, No. 109,079, with detail of penis-papilla. Santa Catalina Mountains: Marble Peak, on the east side above the rock slide; old Dan’s Gulch on the northwest side, type loc.; ridge running toward Mt. Lemon; Ferriss 1911 and 1913. Type No. 109,075 A. N. S. P.; paratypes 109,075a, also in Ferriss collection. Genitalia (fig. 2) in general similar to S. odorata but the penis and papilla are decidedly longer and there is a flagellum, well developed for a Sonorella. Measurements of the organs are given in the table on page 287. CET Ce a eee ne Ts oF eh ne ee a ee 1918.| _ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 289 It lives in relatively dry rock slides, with the smooth Sonorella marmorarius, high on Marble Peak and its flanks, thus differing in habits from S. odorata. The shell is readily separable from odorata, and perhaps it should be considered a separate species. It has the same peculiar odor. Sonorella sabinoensis n. sp. PI. IV, figs. 1 to 5d. The shell is rather narrowly umbilicate (width of umbilicus con- tained 8 times in that of shell in the type specimen), rather solid; cinnamon-buff, broadly zoned with white (or whitish) on both sides of the chestnut-brown band above the periphery. The surface is glossy; embryonic whorls having the usual sculpture of the hachitana group, granular, with divaricating protractive threads below and retractive above; subsequent whorls delicately marked with growth- lines. Suture descends moderately in front. The aperture is large, oblique, rotund-oval. Peristome narrowly expanded, dilated at the umbilical insertion. Alt. 12, diam. 21.2 mm.; aperture 12x13 mm.; 43 whorls. Santa Catalina mountains, Arizona, in Sabino canyon (type loc. Station 16, 1913) and its tributaries, Sycamore canyon and Mt. Lemon Fork, from about 3000 to 6000 feet elevation. Also Rock and Vantana canyons, west of Sabino, and Bear canyon eastward. It is a species of the dry, sun-baked rock-slides, living ones found only deep in the crevices, in the lower levels of desert vegetation. The Sabino Basin, Sycamore and Bear canyon localities are below the pine belt, in arid country, with some oak, juniper and sycamore. The species is not known to occur in the humid upper forest. Genitalia (fig. 3, a-d) resembling those organs in S. marmorarius. The penis is thin, not swollen basally. The penis-papilla is slender and corrugated, as in the other species, and nearly as long as the penis (fig. 3a). The flagellum is either minute or wanting. lEpiphal- | : an ame ota Mus. No. Penis. | Papilla. fos Rg | goevg | Vagina. 109,097 | 10 7 8 0 9 Type, fig. 3c. 109,092 9.5 8 7 0 Y ies 109,094 105 | 10 | 9 aa 9 Fig. 3d. 109,087 9 v | 6 0.3 8.5 109,098 | 8.5 Soi [65 0.5 6.8 Fig. 3a, b. | Shells from the type station measure from 20 to 24 mm. diameter. The relative size of the aperture also varies within rather wide limits. In the type specimen (pl. IV, figs. 2-26) the width of aperture is con- 290 (pl. IV, figs. 3-36) it is contained nearly 1st covered, and the last whorl, viewed from Si have tried in vain to use these characters for a S solid, thicker shells a those from higher; but this 1 is not 2 Wi the case. It is a species of the arid mountains, confined to eae elevatio is than S. marmorarius. Sonorella sabinoensis, Sabino aca genitalia. a, b, No. 109, 5 No. 109,097; d, No. 109,094. Fig. 3. in Sabino canyon (about 4,000 ft.); but others up to 25 mm. pe occur in the same place. The largest, 27 mm. diam. are from Station 9, 1913, the bluffs opposite Station 15. One of | this. ick is figured, pl. IV, figs. 4-4b. The degree of depression is variable in the same lot. Specimens selected from a station on Vantana canyon measure: Alt, 14.5 diam. 26, mm. (largest). “ ~13.2 “ 25, . “ (most depressed): “164 “ 248, “ ( “ elevated). “ 4122 “ 20, <““iaaiieadas Figures 5 to 5d are depressed and elevated shells from Bear canyon aes soe 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 291 . Sonorella sabinoensis occidentalis n. subsp. PI. V, figs. 1 to 10. The shell appears indistinguishable from S. sabinoensis. Alt. 16, diam.28 mm.;5 whorls. <3 17.3 73 ag 4 ce 5 ce 6é 16 cc 25 <9 “ 14 US ida a eee “ 14 tee Se, or aie This form is separated from S. sabinoensis solely on account of the difference in the penis, which is enlarged at the base in occi- dentalis, slender in sabinoensis. While the Pima canyon shells are distinguishable from the large-mouthed typical forms of sabinoensis, we can find no difference in the sabinoensis with slightly smaller aperture, such as those from Sabino canyon Station 9 (which agree in genitalia with the type of sabinoensis). No specimens with the penis swollen basally were found among the numerous Sabino canyon individuals opened. The head and back are hair brown, fading to drab on the sides, the tail and entire sole being dull chamois to dull cream-buff. Western end of the Santa Catalinas; type No. 119,491, from Sta- tion 36, east side of Pima canyon. Also on the west side, Station 37 (Pusch Ridge); Station 48 (1917), northeast of Sutherland’s ranch, in the foothills; Station 45, in the large canyon north-of Romero canyon (eastward from Sutherland’s). x a Cr Fig. 4. Genitalia of S. s. occidentalis. a, No. 118,052. b, No. 118,045, with detail of penis and papilla at c; d, No. 118,056, canyon north of Romero Canyon. 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or : : Genitalia (Fig. 4a-d). The penis is slender except at where it is suddenly dilated. Bebe 2 there is a where it passes into the atrium, which miso contai . ridges. The papilla is long, slender and corrugated. The epiphallus is nearly as long as penis, with a slight stl we li in place of a flagellum. The vagina is shorter than the daa urements of the organs in mm. follow: . — Mus. No. Penis. | Papitla. rere eee Vagina. | theca | oi heats land duct. 118,045 | 10 8 8 0 6 32 118,052 | 8.5 6 7.5 minute | 23 118,056 | 9 6.5 7.5 2 6 The series of 60 specimens from Pima canyon consist chiefly of dead shells. The average size appears to be slightly less in the specimens from the western side of the canyon, forming the easte slope of Pusch Ridge. There are three ‘‘dead”’ specimens from “Pusa Ridge” (2 =Pusch Ridge) in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 271,011, collected by Barber. The diameter is about 22 mm. The specimens from the canyon north of Romero ones none westward), Station 45 (1917), have the same range of variation noted in Sabino canyon S. sabinoensis. There are depressed, more > openly umbilicate shells, together with smaller, usually less depressed — shells with relatively larger aperture and smaller umbilicus, 3 to — 5 covered by the expansion of the columellar lip; also a few specimens s transitional in these characters. 14 examined. : Alt. 15.4, diam. 27.3 mm., 43 whorls (largest). és 15.6, 66 93 éé 4t 6c “14.38 “6. (22.2: 48 efeaeeee, The genitalia do not differ from Pima canyon shells. . Seven shells from Station 43 (1917) measure: diam. 21, 21. 5, ri 23.5, 23.7, 24, 24.4, 24.4 mm. All of the ‘anita for this form are in the arid iow) zone af the range. Sonorella sabinoensis buehmanensis n. subsp. PLY, figs. 2 to 3b. Typically the shell differs from S. sabinoensis by being more solid and more elevated, only very slightly paler near the shoulder band, and with nearly one whorl more in examples of the same diameter. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 293 Alt. 16.7, diam. 25.6 mm.; 53 whorls (type; Figs. 2-2b). SET, Cees. SOE ‘« (topotype). 6c 15.7 ce 93 (79 5+ (a4 ( ce * BONG 8 ORR SOR ee Bea cc 13.7 ‘c 21.5 ce 43 c¢ ( ce ce ). ce 13 ce P1 (74 42 “ ( ce a4 ). Buehman canyon, in the eastern part of the Santa Catalina Moun- tains, the type from Station 44 (1913), near the Korn Kobb mine. Also at Stations 41, head of Sycamore gulch, tributary to Buehman canyon, 42, Buehman canyon at the Brush Corral, and station 48, Buehman canyon a mile below the Brush Corral Ranger Station. ae Fig. 5. Genitalia of Sonorella sabinoensis buehmanensis, No. 109,196. There is considerable variation in the shells from Buehman can- yon, in size, degree of elevation and number of whorls; yet unless anatomical differences are found, we consider them all of one race. As yet, only the typical form has been dissected. Specimens from Station 41 (1913), from the head of Sycamore _ Gulch, have the umbilicus slightly more open than in typical bueh- manensis, and the borders of the shoulder-band are paler; thus approaching the larger forms of S. sabinoensis. In Stations 42 and 43 the size varies widely, and the smaller specimens have only a fraction of a whorl more than sabinoensis, from which they differ by the smaller aperture. One figured (pl. V, figs. 3-3b, Station 43) measures: alt. 13.7,diam.21 mm. In the same lots the larger shells have a diameter of 25 mm. or slightly more. Like other species of the dry lower mountains, living snails are rare. In one rock slide in Buehman Canyon, 360 fairly good ‘‘bones’’ were found, and only 8 living snails. 294 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY es Sonorella hesterna n. sp. Pl. IV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b. aed A long series of dead shells was taken “a Statio rock slide on the south side of the Tucson-Benson. cave on Shaw’s ranch, southern foothills of the 3,500 feet. They are smaller and more solid than and the umbilicus is somewhat smaller. It is more depr has a wider umbilicus than S. sabinoensis. In color si ; the aperture, but not aiihe so dace as in S. hachitana. Alt. 13.5, diam. 22.4 mm. (type). cc 1 4, eg (<9 9 5. 9 “6 In a series of 37 adult examples, the smallest measures 20.1 mn. in diameter, the largest 25.9 mm. They run as follows: Diam. 20-20.9 mm., 4 specimens. Bee 1-21.90. Hae = ae 100-020 Ah otg e ees Me: 23-23.9:. 2). a a 24 SAG ae ee 25-258 2 Soe ea a pines The station is an extremely arid one. It is a true desert Sonorella. The status of the form is uncertain, but-it can scarcely be linked witl any of the Santa Catalina or Rincon species, so that, while we do. not like to describe a Sonorella without examination of the soft anatomy, there seems nothing else to do in this case. Its status : may be revised when living examples come to hand. 3 Sonorella marmorarius n. sp. PI. III, figs. 9, 9a, 9b. - < The shell is depressed, rather solid, umbilicate (the width of me bilicus contained about 7 times in that of the shell, suddenly widening — at the last whorl to about double its former width); light pinkish © cinnamon, paler around the umbilicus, and whitish on both sides’ of the chestnut-brown band above the periphery. The surface is glossy. Embryonic shell of 114 whorls, the last of which is densely, - irregularly granular, with indistinct protractive and retractive threads (when unworn), subsequent whorls delicately marked with growth-lines, and under the lens showing some weak spiral impressed lines in places on the upper surface of the last whorl. The suture — descends rather deeply in front. Aperture is quite oblique, oval. Peristome expanded throughout, with a gray edge, somewhat thickened within, the margins generally connected by a roughened callous ridge in fully adult shells. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 295 Alt. 14 diam. 25 mm.; aperture 11.2x13.6 mm.; 4% whorls. Marble Peak, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; type loc. Station 26, 1913, quartzite slide on Marble Peak. Also found at Station 3, 1911, slide above Apache mine; Station 4, 1911, top of ridge south of the Peak; Station 38, 1913, north side of Marble Peak; “Joliet Cave,” and other stations on the same mountain. Fig. 6. Genitalia of Sonorella marmorarius, a, No. 109,077; b, c, No. 109,071; d, No. 109,039; e, No. 109,083; f, No. 109,084; g, No. 109,078. Genitalia (Fig. 6a-g). The penis is thin-walled, very weakly or usually not noticeably enlarged near the atrium, containing a slender tapering, corrugated papilla, half to two-thirds or more the length of penis. Epiphallus somewhat shorter than penis, typically ter- minating in a little flagellum, but this is often rudimentary or wanting. Penial retractor long, inserted on apex of penis and base of epiphallus. The vagina is but little shorter than the penis. Lengths of the organs in mm. follow, the specimens all from stations on Marble Peak: 296 ? PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Mus. No.) Penis. bia eta um. a 109, 078 | 42.5 7.3 8 —1 109, 077 | 12 8 10 1 119,039 9 6 7.3 1 119,040 10 8.5 7 O96 ©2350 ees 109,074) 11.5 10 9 Posey Saye 109,083 8.5 7 od eee 2 ae en eete 109,084 9 7 |e 0 109,080 | 12.5 Bae ea Oys e e 109,071 | t.3 6 ye 3 ees Pease This species is closely related to S. hachitana (Dall) and S. Pils. It has the peristome more thickened within than the former and differs from S. compar* by the more solid shell, more this : _ peristome, etc. Other specimens of the original lot Pas the type apie n Alt.15 diam. 26.3 mm. Alt. 13.8, diam.24mm. re 15.3 6c 24.6 6“ | 6“ cc 66 23 “c iz 13 (73 93. 6 (a9 “ec tte 5, <9 22, (73 : The largest examples were taken at Station 3, two me Alt. 16.4, diam. 28.2 mm.; 5 whorls, | (73 a (9 28 (3 5 (<3 Marble Peak and Apache Camp have oak, juniper ee sy 10 wood on the lower slopes; the crest of the ridge, the head of t main “slide,” is in the pine belt. | : Sonorella marmorarius limifontis n. subsp. Pl. III, ae 5, 5a, 5b. tana group, and sheen weal traces of impressed spiral lines upper surface of the last whorl. The last whorl descends d and abruptly in front. The aperture is very oblique, rounded Peristome somewhat expanded, slightly thickened within. : 3 Sonorella compar, new name for Sonorella ashmuni_Pils., Proc. A. N Phila. 1905, p. 259, pl. 17, figs. 9-14. Not S. ashmuni Bartsch. . On comparison with the type of S. ashmuni, this species is seen to differ con- spicuously hy the more depressed and more openly umbilicate shell. —H.A.P. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 297 Alt. 13.3, diam. 22.3 mm.; 5 whorls. 44 chageape ‘“« ~ searcely 5 whorls. soe Hi “96.6: -*. 2 whore Santa Catalina Mountains at Station 17, bluffs near Mud Sites: on Pine Canyon. The last whorl descends more than in S. marmorarius, the aperture is more oblique, and the color of adults is paler. The immature shells have more of a cinnamon tint than the adults. The spiral lines mentioned in the description are usually very faint, often scarcely discernible, but in the largest example they are quite distinct. The umbilicus sometimes varies to somewhat smaller than in the type specimen. Mud Springs, on Pine Canyon, a branch of Sabino above Sabino Basin, is a walled hole in the mud. It is on the trail from Sabino Basin to Soldier’s Camp, the elevation about 7,000 ft. It is in the pine zone. The Sonorella was found in the first rocks east of the spring along the trail. Also at the foot of a high cliff, in stratified “porphyry,” in a ravine heavily wooded with cypress (Cupressus arizonica), about a mile southeast of the springs. Sonorella marmorarius imulan. subsp. PI. III, figs. 7, 7a. At Stations 17 and 19 (1917), on a limestone hill 6 miles west of Brush Corral Ranger Station, north of Alder Springs, in the northern foothills of the Catalinas, many specimens were taken, chiefly dead, differing from typical marmorarius by the somewhat darker color, and by having about a half of a whorl more in examples of similar diameter. Alt. 26.5, diam. 15 mm.; 54 whorls. Highty-five specimens from Station 19, all of the adults collected, measure as follows: mes 1 NT ss 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.9 23 23.1 23.2 Number of specimens... 1 -1 1 3 1 3 1 3 RIIE. ts ess ., 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.9 24 24.1 Number of specimens... 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 Diam. in mins eS 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 246 24.7 24.8 24.9 ' Number of specimens... 6 2.6 4 5 3 2 3 Tee iN WO Os yk 25 25.1 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.9 26 Number of specimens... 4 2 2 y eae 1 2 1 Dian 18 Man ee ee. 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 - Number of specimens... 1 1 1 1 21 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE As the error in measuring may | 7H if a curve is plotted, that the no Sonorella galiurensis n. sp. PI. V, figs. 5 to 6b. Tatas The shell is umbilicate (the width of umbilicus ae ained abot 9 times in that of the shell), between cinnamon-brown and brown in color, fading on the base, and much paler on both sid the broad chestnut-brown band above the periphery. Glossy; bryonic whorls closely pitted-granulate, with the usual protractiv threads; subsequent whorls lightly marked with irregular growth- — lines. The last whorl is wide and descends somewhat in front. The peristome is narrowly expanded. The parietal callus oe has Z thickened edge in fully adult shells. a Alt. 16.7, diam. 27.5 mm.; 5 whorls. (type, Sta. 30). i. 26; CAS. fae ‘* - (Sta. 30). “16.4 "95 -4: Be (ee am 36.7.“ 30.5: (5 © ta Be Galiuro Mountains at the following Stations (1917): Fig. 7. Genitalia of Sonorella galiurensis, No. 118,122. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 299 24. Southern slope of mountains at eastern gate of John Rhodes’ ranch, among boulders on mesa. 26. Rhodes’ canyon. 27. Northern slope, amphitheatre on Whitlock ranch. 28. Foot of main gulch facing north, same amphitheatre. 29. Farther up same gulch. 30. “Porphyry” slide on trail 14 miles south of Copper Creek Mining Camp. Type locality. 31. Camp at smelter, Copper Creek. ~ 32. Rock slide sloping west, on trail half way between Copper Creek Camp and Table Mountain. 33. “Porphyry” slide in forks of creek 2 miles east of Table Mountain. 34. Slide near the preceding. 35. Cliffs on northeastern slope of Table Mountain. Genitalia (fig.7). The general proportions are as in S. marmor- arius. ‘The penis has a long, very thin sheath about the basal part, not seen in marmorarius; its lower portion is somewhat swollen and has several small longitudinal folds within. Retractor muscle long. Papilla weakly annulate, about half as long as the penis. There is the usual short flagellum. The vagina about equals the penis in length. Length of penis ........ 10 mm. papilla... ... Sed epiphallus....7 “ flagellum ....1.5 “ Vagina... ..... eee Museum No........... 118,122. This form is much like S. marmorarius. The shell is slightly more capacious and darker colored, and there is some difference in the penis. Its habitat is separated from that of marmorarius by the valley of the San Pedro River. The elevation is much less than that in- habited by S. marmorarwus. 20 living specimens from Station 30, all taken, measure as fol- lows: Diameters inmm... 25 25.5 26 265 27 27.5 28 29 Wo. specimens ...(1) (1) (2) (2) @3) @ © dQ” 17 specimens from Station 24, a southern slope: Diameters. ...... we 94.525: 26 26.5 | 27-28 --28.5-- 30.5 Wo. specimens: ;:.(1). (2) (3) (2) (4) @) ().. @):.(Q) Sonorella tortillita n. sp. Pl. V, figs. 4, 4a, 40. The shell is umbilicate (width of umbilicus contained about 83 times in that of the shell), pinkish buff, fading to white around the umbilicus and paler near the chestnut-brown band which revolves above the periphery of the last whorl and shows very narrowly above the suture on most of the penult whorl. The surface is glossy; BE eo wilt Sack ee aire 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov.—Dec., embryonic shell about 13 whorls, the first half whorl having some radial wrinkles, the rest of the embryonic portion closely irregularly eranulose, and having fine, rather indistinct, tangential (protractive) threads, often visible only near the suture. Subsequent whorls have the usual fine growth-lines. The whorls increase slowly at first, the last one very wide, suture descending slightly in front. The aperture is rounded oval-lunate. Peristome is well expanded. Alt. 15.5, diam. 27 mm.; aperture alt. 14.38, width 15.8 mm.; 43 whorls. Tortillita Mountains, Pinal Co., Arizona, the type, No. 118,053, from Station 41 (1917), east side of Hog Canyon; also found at Station 40, west side of same canyon near the cement dam, and Station 42, south slope of mountains east of Hog Canyon. Genitalia (Fig. 8). The penis is very long and rather slender, with muscular walls, containing a long, slender, corrugated, tapering papilla. The epiphallus is shorter than the penis, without a distinct flagellum, though there seems to be a rudi- mentary one concealed in the integu- ment. The penial retractor is long. Length of vagina is about equal to the penis. By the long penis and vagina : this species is related to S. rincon- Fig. 8. Genitalia of Sonorella tor- @NSt8, but in that snail these organs tillita with detail of the penis- gre far longer. S.santaritana is even pee. more like S. tortillita in genitalia, but the shell is flatter, the whorls of smaller caliber. None of the Santa Catalina species has the vagina and penis nearly so long as in S. tortillita. The larger shells referred to S. sabinoensis occidentalis are closely similar. The embryonic sculpture described is in large part effaced in the fully adult shells found. The color, too, is somewhat faded. In the young and barely full-grown examples it is decidedly darker than described. - 1918.] - NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 301 The largest specimen from the type locality measures 17.2x28.6 mm.; the smallest, 12.5x23.2 mm.; very few are under 25 mm. diam- eter. The largest shell in the lot from the west side of Hog Canyon -measures 17.5x30 mm. The Tortillitas are arid mountains without forest. Sonorella rinconensis Pils. & Ferr. Sonorella rinconensis Prrspry & Ferriss, Proc. A. N.S. Phila. 1909, p. 517, fig. 1, pl. 22, figs. 1-3, 5, 7.4 Rincon range: Rincon Peak and Wrong Mountain; Mt. Mica, — only those from Rincon Peak dissected. This species was not en- countered in the localities visited in 1917. It inhabits elevations above 7,500 ft., occurring in granitic rocks. Thysanophora hornii (Gabb). Santa Catalina Mountains: Stations 3 and 9, near mouth of Sabino Canyon, 4,500 ft. Station 138, mouth of Bear Canyon, 4,500 ft. Station 40, Alder Springs, 8,000 ft. Southern foothills of Rincon Mountains near the cave, Station 191 (1918). Galiuro Mountains. ‘Thysanophora ingersolli (Blaud). Santa Catalina Mountains: Mt. Lemon at Stations C, 19, 31, 34, 37, etc., at 9,000 to 9,500 ft. ENDODONTID. Gonyodiscus cronkhitei (Nc.) Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 21, Desert Laboratory Plantation, 8,500 ft. Soldier Camp. Bear Wallow. Around Mt. Lemon at Station C, spring on west side; Station 19, Congdon’s Cabin; Station 28, marshy spring; Station 37; Station 22, old Lemon trail; Station 31, aspens, new trail; Station 34, 9,000 to 9,500 ft. Rincon Mountains: Spud Rock and Catalina saddle. Radiodiscus millecostatus Pils. & Ferr. Santa Catalina Mountains: Environs of Mt. Lemon, Stations C, 19, 28, 30, 31, 34, 37 and some others, at elevation of 7,000 to 9,500 ft. Bear Wallow. Kellogg Peak. Generally distributed and locally very abundant, especially in the aspen zone. Helicodiscus arizonensis P. & F. Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 1, near weir, Sabino Canyon, 4,500 ft. Station 27, Bear Wallow. Marble Peak at Station 25, 8,500 ft., and Station 26, 8,000 ft. Rincon Mountains: Spud Rock. Galiuro Mountains, Station 24 (1917). 4 The reference to figures ‘‘1—4, 7”’ as given in our paper was incorrect. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov.—Dec., Punctum californicum Pils. ; Santa Catalina Mountains: trail from Webber’s to Lemon Moun- tain. r VITRINIDA. Vitrina alaskana Dall. Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 37, north side of Mt. Lemon 9,000 ft.; trail to Webber’s place. ZONITIDA. Polita indentata umbilicata (CkIl.). Santa Catalina Mountains: Station A, Bear Wallow Creek. © West side Mt. Lemon at Station C. Marble Peak at Stations 25— and 26, 8,000-8,500 ft. Trail from Webber’s place to Mt. Lemon. Alder Spring. Rincon Mountains at Station 21 (1917), Catalina Saddle, and Spud Rock. Galiuro Mountains, Station 24, Striatura milium meridionalis (P. & F.). Santa Catalina Mountains: Station A, Bear Wallow Creek; Soldier’s Camp; Station 21, Desert Laboratory plantation, 8,500 ft.; Mt. Lemon at Stations 22, 28, 31, 37, at 9,000 to 9,500 ft.; trail to Webber’s Cabin; Alder Spring. Zonitoides arborea (Say). Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 21, Desert Laboratory plantation, 8,500 ft. SoldierCamp. Stations 19, 22,37 on Mt. Lemon, at about 9,000 ft. Station 25, northwest ridge of Marble Peak, — 8,500 ft. Rincon Mountains, Station 20 (1917). Zonitoides minuscula alachuana (Dall). : Santa Catalina Mountains: Mt. Lemon, Bear Wallow; Kellogg Peak and Alder Spring. Rincon Mountains. Zonitoides singleyana (Pils.). Rincon Mountains. Euconulus fulvus (Mull.). — Santa Catalina Mountains: Alder Springs. Soldier Camp. Sta- tion 27, Bear Wallow Creek. Mt. Lemon at Station C, 19, 22, 28, 30, 31, 34. Common up to 9,500 ft. Ridge from Marble Peak, south- west, 8,500 ft.; south side of Marble Peak. Rincon Mountains. VALLONIIDZ2. - Vallonia cyclophorella Ckll. Santa Catalina Mountains: Mt. Lemon at Stations 19, 22, 30, 31, 37, at about 9,000-9,500 ft. Marble Peak, quartzite slide on south side, 8,000 ft. | | 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES’ OF PHILADELPHIA. 303 Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. _ Santa Catalina Mountains: Marble Peak, in quartzite slide on south side, 8,000 ft., rare. Galiuro Mountains: Whitlock ranch on the northern slope. PUPILLIDA. Pupoides marginata (Say). Southern foothills of Rincon Mountains near the cave, Shaw’s Ranch, Station 148 (1918). Pupilla hebes (Ancey). Santa Catalina Mountains: Mt. Lemon, at head of the aspen gulch, and { mile below, on the new trail, 9,500 ft., and on the north side, 9,000 ft. Among those from the last locality, Station 37, 6 out of 128 were albinos. Station 22, ridge near Marshall Pass. It occurred in some abundance in all the localities except Station 22. Pupilla hebes nefas Pils. & Ferr. Pupilla hebes form nefas P. & F., Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1910, p. 135. Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 20, northeast side of Kel- logg Peak, 8,500 ft., Station 27, Bear Wallow, 214 specimens. Sol- dier Camp, 63 specimens. Station 21, Desert Laboratory Station, 8,500 ft., 84 specimens. Station 22, ridge near Marshall Pass, rare. Station 29, Leaning Rock, south side Mt. Lemon, 9,500 ft., 15 speci- mens. Station 25, ridge of Marble Peak towards Mt. Lemon, 8,500 ft., 57 specimens. Station 26, ‘quartzite’ slide on Mt. Lemon, 8,000 ft., 2 specimens. Station 28, marshy spring near trail, Mt. Lemon, 1 specimen. Rincon Mountains: Spud Rock; Catalina Saddle. P.h. nefas almost always has a small parietal tooth, and is usually a little longer than P. hebes, with between 6 and 7 whorls. It differs from P. syngenes by having no crest behind the lip, though there is usually a shallow, wide depression there. In only one of the numerous stations mentioned above were hebes and nefas found together. That was Station 22, where very few shells were taken. Lots from all of the other stations, frequently copious, were either all hebes or all nefas. _ Elsewhere P. h. nefas has been found only in two places in the Chiricahua Mountains, at elevations estimated from 7,500 to 8,000 ft. It was not associated there with dextral hebes, which was found at another Chiricahua locality. We are now disposed to rank P. h. nefas as a well-marked subspecies. Chaenaxis intuscostata (Clapp). Southern foothills of the Rineons, near the Tucson-Benson high- way, near the cave, Shaw’s ranch, at about 3,500 ft. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF fees Gastrocopta ashmuni (Sterki). ae ae : a: Santa Catalina Mountains: Slide on Mame: Pea rare. . Galiuro Mountains: Whitlock ranch, on the. no : ] Gastrocopta cochisensis (Piis. & Ferr.). Payer. Santa Catalina Mountains: Alder Soria: ana Statio 25 west ridge of Marble Peak, 8,500 ft. The shells were dirty collected, like B. quadridens. , Wappead cae Gastrocopta dalliana (Sterki). | a aN Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 3, mouth of Sabino Cany on, 4,500 ft. Rig Gastrocopta petincide hordeacella Seine: ): ranch, Station 148 (1918), at about 3,500 ft. Gastrocopta bilamellata (St. & Clapp). Galiuro Mountains. Gastrocopta quadridens (Pils.). > ns BAG eeieg Santa Catalina Mountains: Stations 30, 31, 37, and all aroun Mt. Lemon at 9,000 to 9,500 ft. Soldier Camp, one —— | attached by the mucous of the animal. Gastrocopta pilsbryane (Sterki). BN Sey Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 3, mouth of Sabino Canyo1 4,500 ft. Alder Springs, very abundant. Station 27, Bear Wallow. Station 18, Soldier Camp, 8,500 ft. Station 21, Desert Laboratory plantation, 8,500 ft. Station 22, near Marshall Pass, old Mt. Lemon trail, 9,000 ft. Station 28, marshy spring, Mt. Lemon trail, 9,000 ft. Trail to Webber’s cabin. Station 31, north side of Mt. Lemon. Station 26, quartzite slide on Marble Peak, 8,000 ft. Galiuro Moun- tains at Whitlock ranch. Rincon Mountains: Spud Rock. FERUSSACIDZ2. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). Santa Catalina Mountains: Station 25, ridge to peak Mt. oe le 8,500 ft.; Station 26, slide on Marble Peak, 8,000 ft. Rincon Moun- tains: Bud Rock. Vertigo modesta insculpta Pils. The shell is similar to V. modesta in contour, but differs by bei closely and rather sharply striate on the intermediate whorls; the | first whorl smooth, the last less striate than those preceding. There 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 305 is a narrow but moderately high crest close behind the outer lip. The color is chestnut-brown, becoming paler towards the apex. When alive both animal and shell are black. Teeth fine, a small supraparietal denticle being developed. The parietal and lower palatal folds are rather large. Length 2.6, diam. 1.35 mm.; 53 whorls. Except in external sculpture, this form resembles V. modesta from Alaska, figured in Proc. A. N.S. Phila. for 1900, pl. 23, fig. 2. By its sharp striation V. m. insculpta is quite distinct from all other large Vertigos of the Rocky Mountains, but there is a smaller form of V. modesta in Labrador which is striate on the spire. It is very abundant between 9,000 and 9,500 ft. on Mt. Lemon, in and near the aspen zone, where several hundred specimens were > collected. | _ Very beautiful albino specimens occurred in the colonies from Sta-_ tions 30, 31, and 37, Mt. Lemon. Other localities for V. m. insculpia are: Santa Catalina Moun- tains: Soldier Camp. Mt. Lemon at Stations 19, 22, 28, 30, 31, 34, 37, at 8,500 to 9,500 ft. Vertigo coloradensis inserta Pils. In the original V. c. basidens from Bland, New Mexico, there is one parietal tooth and the basal is at the foot of the columella, re- mote from the lower palatal. In the Santa Catalina series there is often a small angular lamella, and the basal fold stands close to the lower palatal. This form replaces V. c. basidens in the Canadian zone of the Santa Catalinas. The type is from Bear Wallow. Santa Catalina Mountains: Desert Laboratory plantation, 8,500 ft.; Bear Wallow Creek, 8,500 ft.; Soldier Camp. Mt. Lemon at Stations 19, 22, 28, 31, 9,000 to 9,500 ft.; Alder Springs. Rincon Mountains at Station 20. V. c. inserta differs from V. c. arizonensis by the development of a basal fold, and all of the teeth are larger. Recent studies of the group have convinced us that Vertigo colum- biana utahensis Sterki is identical with V. coloradensis Ckll. The former name is therefore superfluous. Our record of V. c. utahensis from the Chiricahua Mountains, in these Proceedings for 1910, p. 144, should be changed to V. coloradensis. ANCYLIDA Gundlachia californica Rowell. Santa Catalina Mountains: Sabino Canyon, at Alkali Spring, Lowell U. S. Ranger Station, on leaves of Plantinus wrighti. 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [Nov.—Dec., Very few examples are in the Gundlachia stage; none were found in the septate stage. Many have the narrow, high, oblique shape of septates, but without septum. Many of them reached the normal size of septates, then had a resting stage during which the shell became blackened, subsequently resuming growth along the margins, forming a narrow, oblique shell somewhat like A. parallelus in outline. Other examples become wider, about as in A. rivularis, in the second — period of growth. The early stages are similar in all, having the usual Ferrissia sculpture. Those individuals in the Gundlachia stage do not appear specfi- cally separable from G. californica. PHYSID Ai. Physa virgata Gld. Small specimens which appear to belong to this species were taken in lower Sabino Canyon, with Gundlachia. List oF CoLLEcTING STATIONS IN THE SANTA CATALINA, RINCON, TORTILLITA AND GALIURO MOUNTAINS. For the Santa Catalinas and Rincons, these stations can be located and approximate elevations ascertained by reference to the U. 8S. Geological Survey topographic map, Tucson Quadrangle. As dif- ferent sets of station numbers were unfortunately used in different years, these numbers can only be used in connection with the dates. SANTA CATALINA Stations of 1913 (J. H. F.) 1. Sabino Canyon, bluffs on east side of creek at water gauge dam. Eleva- tion about 4,500 ft. 2. Same, “quarter mile farther up. 3. Rock slides near camp_at “Picnic Grounds,” Sabino Canyon. 4. Slide north of camp, 4,800 ft. 5. Mountain east of camp 6. About 2 miles along trail to Soldier’s Camp. 5,000 ft. 7. Spring near Ranger Staticn at mouth of Sabino Canyon (Physa and Gund- iachia) 4,500 ft. 8. Mouth of Sabino, foot of bluff, west side. 4,500 ft. 9. Rocks 1 mile above camp. 10. Vantana Canyon at its mouth; a small dry canyon next west of Sabino, ; not named on topographic map. Ca. "4, 500 ft. 11. Rock Canyon, in ‘“‘quartzite” bluff. This is the second small canyon west of Sabino. About 4,500 feet. 12. Vantana Canyon, west side of east mouth. Same elevation. 13. Bear Canyon, east side. 14, same, west side, near 13. 15. Mile above camp in Sabino, on mountain slope, west side. About 5,000 ft. 16. Slide below preceding, about the same elevation. 17. First rocks below Mud Springs, on Pine Canyon (a branch of Sabino above Sabino Basin). Mud Springs are about 9 miles south of Soldier’s Camp. About 7,000 ft. 18. Soldier's Camp. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 307 19. Congden Camp. 20. Northeastern side Kellogg Peak. 21. Carnegie Desert Laboratory experiment station, Marshall Pass. 22. Ridge running down east side Lemon Mountain. 23. Ridge running south from Soldier’s Camp towards Mud Springs. 24. West side of Marble Peak ridge. 25. Top of same ridge. 26. “Quartzite’ slide south side of Marble Peak (same as Station 3, 1910; Station 4, 1910, is the top of same slide). 27. Ridge south of Hinkley Camp. . 28. Marshy spring on Lemon Mountain trail. 29. Leaning Rock, south side Lemon Mountain. 30. Aspen Gulch, parallel with main trail to Lemon Mountain. 31, quarter mile below 30, where gulch is close to trail. 32, quarter mile farther down. 33, an of trail at the stream. Little shells very abundant at these stations and the next. 34. Cold Spring. — 35. Southeast side of Marble Peak, about Apache Camp and ‘‘Joliet Cave.” 36. Northwest side Marble Peak near ‘Old Dan’s Cabin.” 37. Westfall’s mine. 38. North side Marble Peak near the Daley mine. 39. Goodale’s house. 40. Alder Spring, Peck Canyon (one of the head branches of Buehman Can- yon). Alder Spring is about 12 miles east of Soldier’s Camp Ranger Station; Brush Corral Ranger Station is about 8 miles farther down Buehman Canyon. 41. Buehman Canyon: ‘“Quartzite” slide, Sycamore Spring. . — Buehman Canyon: Forest Ranger pasture near lower fence, Brush Corral. 43. Buehman Canyon. Lower on the stream, towards Korn Kobb mine. 44. Buehman Canyon. Near the mine. 45. John Lyon’s mountain (east of San Pedro River and Rincon Mountains, north of the Little Dragoon Mountains). The rock is granite, and only Thysa- nophora hornit was found. Stations of 1917 (J. H. F.). (Santa Catalina Range.) 12. Main fork of Sabino Creek, at camp in Sabino Basin. 13. Head of Bear Creek (Gundlachia and Physa). 14, Head of Bear Canyon. 15. Northeast corner of Sabino Basin, on trail to Soldier’s Camp. Boulder dykes along gulches. 16. Same as Station 12, in slides of mountain facing north. 17. Southwest side of Sabino Basin, big mountain in the ‘Window Range.” 18. Brush Corral, crossing of Peck Canyon, Alder Springs. 19. Limestone mountain in foothil!s of S. Catalinas, San Pedro slope. (Rincon Mountains.) 20. North side of the high Rincon peaks. 21. Saddle camp, between Santa Catalinas and Rincons. 22. Ridge west of Spud Rock Ranger Station, in aspens. 23. Drift debris of San Pedro River above Mammoth. (Galiuro Mountains. ) 24. Drift of boulders near southeast gate of the forest reserve pasture. 25. In slides, creek bank, above John Rhodes’ ranch house. 26. In slides head of the same gulch as 25. 27. In No. 4 slope in amphitheatre of the mountains on Whitlow ranch, east of Sombrero Peak. 28 and 29. Other slides in the same vicinity. 30. On trail two miles south of Copper Creek mining camps. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or [Nov.-D 31. Slide west across gulch from smelter, Copper Creek. | 32. On trail to Table Mountain about half way from last station. | 33. West of abandoned copper camp, creek running north, east of Table Mountain, in slide east of said creek. 34. Slides in same vicinity. 35. Cliffs, northeast rim of Table Mountain. (Western slope of Santa Catalina Range.) 36. East side of Pima Canyon. 37. West side of Pima Canyon. 38. Drift debris of Pima Canyon. 39. Fork of the Canada del Oro near the foot of Marble Peak. 43. Northeast of Sutherland’s ranch, in the foothills. S 44, First large canyon north of Romero Canyon, and south of the Suth r- Jand ranch. ae _ 45. About one mile east of Station 44. ee (Tortillita Mountains.) 40. West side of Hog Canyon, in basin near cement dam, 41. East side of Hog Canyon, on the mountain top. X—Mounrains oF THE Gita HeapwatTers: THE BLUE AND Wuiteé Mountains, ARIZONA, AND THE MoGOLLON Mount New Mexico. by Ferriss and L. E. Daniels in 1914. In 1900 Dr. Ree Woot well known for his work on New Mexican botany, made a ten-c y trip in the Mogollons, in course of which he crossed the range from Willow Creek to Mogollon and ascended the eastern flank of Mogollo Peak to almost 9,000 feet. The type of Ashmunella mogollonensis was collected on this occasion. So far as we know, no other mollusks had — been taken in the region of the Gila headwaters prior to the collec- tions here described. — - A few mollusks collected between the San Pedro River and Clif. ton, Arizona, are included, as they are geographically intermediate between the regions considered in articles [X and X. | Early in September, 1913, Ferriss left Tucson with Frank Cole, . the guide of tourists and neiamatiate for Mt. Thomas in southern — Apache county, 11,496 feet above sea level. Traveling by wagon, brief stops were made in the Graham Mountains and upper end of the — Peloncillo range. At Clifton the wagon was stored, saddle pga ts and pack mules secured, and the trail followed to Metcalf. ae From Clifton to the Double Circle ranch on Eagle Creek it is rough country, mostly forested, and with sufficient rock for snail cover, but the snails do not like it. The trail here ran northwesterly 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 309 for about 35 miles, then directly north 16 miles on Eagle Creek to the southern rim of the Blue Mountains. Pupas and Vallonias were found at Honeymoon Ranger Station, and Oreohelix a mile or two farther on, fifty miles from Clifton. The rim of the Blue has a wall of broken granite. We found Ashmunella mogollonensis and a grayish form of Oreohelix cooper, the latter also in the quaking-asp and cork-bark fir groves of the vicinity. The route lay northwesterly again, across the K. P. cienaga, down Corduroy and Fish Creeks and across Black River, to Reser- vation Creek in Apache Co. This high plateau has a continuous forest of the largest yellow pine, blue spruce, Douglas spruce, thickets of quaking asp and alder. Pupze and Oreohelix were the prin- cipal snails. Few were found on the dome-like summit of Mt. Thomas. Along Black river Oreohelices, from pale to nearly black, from high to low, were in every rock pile. On the return trip the Raspberry trail from the rim of the Blue Mountain to Cosper’s ranch on the Blue river was taken. Down the Blue and San Francisco rivers Ashmunella, Sonorella and Oreohelix were found in the slides investigated, but the journey was a hurried one. This ground was thoroughly covered in the journey of 1914. An account of the journey of 1913 may be found in Nautilus for January, 1919. -On the expedition of 1914, Ferriss was accompanied by Mr. L. E. Daniels.» Part of the route taken in 1913 was retraced—from Clifton, Graham Co., Arizona, up the San Francisco and Blue Rivers to Cosper’s ranch, a distance of about 50 miles. From this point they continued up the Blue River, northeast, to its head, and to Luna, Socorro Co., New Mexico. From Luna the party turned southeast, across the San Francisco Mountains (which lie south of Luna), and by way of Alma to the Mogollon Mountains. Some account of this trip was given in Nautilus XXVIII, February, 1915, pp. 109-113. The Ashmunellas collected were described and figured in Nautilus X XIX, June, July and August, 1915, to which the reader is referred for these matters. A map showing the collecting stations in the Mogollons may be found on page 331. 5 We have to record the death of Mr. Daniels, October 23, 1918. He was a companion of both authors on collecting trips of some months’ duration, and it is a real sorrow that he wil! no longer share the labors of the trail or the cheer of the evening camp fire. 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — [Nov.—Dec., The San Francisco and the Blue rivers have been seriously torn up by floods in recent years, but many of the snails remain. Nearly all the farmers have been swept out. Oreohelices, Sonorellas or Ashmunellas exist in every favorable situation from Clifton to Bob Cat on the interstate boundary, except in a few short stretches of these rivers where the snails seem to have a dislike for the soil, the chemistry of the rocks, or something not traced. This is about fifty miles in a straight line, and thus very long miles. Again on the Luna road to Alma, in New Mexico, Oreohelix was found on the crest of the San Francisco Mountains, and the largest colony, with many albinos, came from the Rio Saliz, a’ small stream draining the San Francisco Mountains eastward into the San Fran- cisco River. The Mogollons might be called a federation of sharp peaks. It is not a high plateau like the White and Blue mountain region, yet the forest conditions and tree associations are almost identical. On the Bursam wagon road from Mogollon to Willow Creek, ascending to 9,000 feet, and usually running along the north slope of the peaks, the conditions for snails are ideal. Ashmunella mogellonensis and Oreohelix coopert were soon picked whenever logs or stones were turned in this (for snail hunters) two-day journey. At two points Oreohelix barbata was found with the other two species. Afterward, when the canyons facing west and south were explored the smaller Ashmunellas were found in colonies with the three above mentioned. Sonorella has not yet been found in the Mogollon range. In the ex- treme southern part of Arizona (Chiricahua range) the large toothless Ashmunellas are in colonies with the smaller toothed forms and Oreohelix barbata with them. Also a Sonorella and sometimes Holo- spira. Three species of Sonorella have been found in one slide; but the general Arizona rule still remains one species of the genera of Helices to a colony. , The banks of the canyons running west, in the Mogollons, were abrupt, and the south bank furnished shade and cover. In Big Dry Canyon, running directly south, the banks were so abrupt and close together that snails were living on both sides of the stream, and in the greatest abundance within our experience. The wide differences in the Ashmunellas of the Mogollons and the presence of the Chiricahua Oreohelix barbata seem to indieate an al- luring future for Mogollon conchology. We believe that the deeper canyons, penetrating farther into the large mountains, had greater riches than Big Dry, lying in between them. Here too in the 1918.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. | oll canyon streams live the mountain trout, friendly and well condi- tioned, but they are not the cut-throat trout of the Colorado. On the whole the Mogollons, in scenery and camping delights, are not far behind the White and Blue Mountain region of eastern Ari- zona. Silver City is the nearest and most convenient railway station, and moreover it lies in a region unexplored by the snail fraternity. 3 | One more killing was made on the return to Clifton, a colony of Sonorellas at Steeple Rock, Sept. 14. Thus this event of 1914 had a continuous run of two months and seven days. Aside from the minute Canadian Zone snails which have a wide distribution at high levels, and the minutize of the desert foothills such as Thysanophora hornii, Succinea avara, the small Zonitoides, etc., there are several forms showing close affinity between the San Fran- cisco-Mogollon region and the Chiricahua Range. The species Sonorella binneyi, Ashmunella chiricahuana and Orohelix barbata of the Chiricahuas are represented here by S. binneyi franciscana, A. mogollonensis and O. barbata. The toothed Ashmunellas are of nearly related species, and the same group of forms extends farther east in New Mexico to the Black Range. None of the species mentioned are found in the northern or Dos Cabezas part of the Chiricahua range, their habitats being from 80 to over 100 miles south of the regions now under consideration. The intervening region is at the present time too dry for the existence of these snails. HELICID As. Sonorella grahamensis n. sp. Pl. VI, figs. 7, 7a, 7b. The shell is umbilicate (the width of umbilicus contained about 83 times in the diameter of shell), very thin, tawny-olive, paler at the base, with the usual band; not very glossy; under the lens showing the usual weak growth-lines, and both above and below there are numerous spiral impressed lines. Whorls slowly increasing at first, the last rapidly widening, descending in front. Aperture rounded- oval, quite oblique. Peristome is thin, very little expanded. Alt. 10, diam. 19 mm.; umbilicus 2.2 mm.; 43 whorls. Genitalia (fig. 9). The penis has a well developed sheath at the base, and contains a long, tapering papilla. The penial retractor is inserted at the base of epiphallus and apex of penis as in the hachitana group. There is a short flagellum. The organs measure: Length of penis 9 mm.; papilla 7; epiphallus 6; flagellum 0.5; penial retractor 4.7; vagina 7; spermatheca and duct 19 mm. [Nov.-Dec., Fig. 9. Genitalia of S. grahamensis, with two details of the penis-papilla. Type specimen. ‘ Mt. Graham, in the Pinaleno Range, Graham Co., Arizona, type No. 109,101 A. N.S. P., collected by J. H. Ferriss, 10-14-1913. _ Graham Mountain is composed of crumbling granite (similar to that of Nine-mile Water Hole in the Dos Cabezas range), and is very dry on both north and south sides. On top there is yellow pine and quaking asp forest. Camp was made in Stockton Pass, and a : couple of hours’ collecting done at Mud Spring, on the summit. | Besides Sonorella and Oreohelix, Vitrina alaskana was abundant, and ! two young Vallonias were found. The Pinaleno Range lies in line with the Chiricahua system, though separated by a rather wide hy mesa, in which the Southern Pacific R. R. runs, from the northern | end of the Dos Cabezas Mountains. a S. grahamensis is not closely related to any other species known Bs to us. The delicate, spirally striate shell and the rather fusiform penis-papilla are characteristic. | Micrarionta praesidii n. sp. Pl. VI, figs. 8, 8a, 8b. The shell is depressed, umbilicate (the width of umbilicus contained about 5.7 times in the diameter), thin. The ‘‘dead” shell is grayish white above, pale ecru-drab below, with some radial white streaks, and at the shoulder a narrow, faintly traced gray band which be-. comes cinnamon towards the aperture. Under a lens fine gray spiral lines are seen in places on the base. The initial half whorl is smooth; 1 * 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 313 next whorl has hyphen-like tubercles parallel with the suture, not closely placed; subsequent whorls have faint growth-lines only; there is no trace of spiral striz. The whorls are rather strongly convex, at first slowly increasing, the last very wide, rather deeply descending in front. The aperture is strongly oblique, nearly circular, faintly washed with ochraceous within. The peristome is sharp, very little expanded except at the eolumellar insertion where it is broadly dilated; terminations con- nected by a rather long, quite thin parietal callus. Alt. 8.5, diam. 16 mm.; umbilicus 2.8 mm.; 44 whorls. Fort Grant, at foot of the Graham Range, Graham Co., Arizona, the type, No. 58,121 A. N.S. P., collected by Dr. George H. Horn. By the sculpture of the embryonic shell, as well as the general appearance, this snail resembles Micrarionta hutsoni Clapp, which is smaller, more depressed, with a larger umbilicus. It is somewhat intermediate in form, between hutsont and indioensis. If it really belongs to Micrarionta, and there is no mistake about the locality, it is widely separated from its congeners. The single specimen has been in the collection for many years. It had been labelled H. strigosa Gld. Dr. Horn, the distinguished coleopterist, was stationed at Fort Grant sometime after 1863. He collected a number of shells in that vicinity, which were described by W. M. Gabb in the American Journal of Conchology for October, 1866, pp. 330, 331, as follows: Helix hornii Gabb. [Thysanophora hornit]. H. strigosa Gld. ‘‘The largest specimen I have seen of the species” [= Sonorella sp. undet.]. H. minuscula |Zonitoides minuscula alachuana,’). Pupa (Modicella) arizonensis Gabb [= Pupoides marginata ek Pupa hordacea Gabb |Pupoides hordaceai. The locality is given as “Fort Grant, at the junction of the Arivapa and San Pedro Rivers;”’ but that junction is really a long day’s travel—fully fifty miles—westward; yet it may have been the nearest definite landmark to be Sead on maps of the time. The “H. strigosa’” mentioned by Gabb is a Sonorella 25 mm. in diameter, of the S. hachitana group. The upper part of the peri- stome is broken away, and the shell is bleached; we do not recognize the species. Of the Zonitoides several live specimens are preserved. They probably came from around a spring. All of the other shells men- tioned are such as live among rocks in arid foothills. The speci- 22 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF _ [Nov.—Dec., men of Pupa hordacea seems to have been given to Mr. Binney; the other species taken by Dr. Horn are in the collection of the Academy. As Dr. Horn was also at Gila Bend, Yuma and other places in western Arizona, the possibility of an erroneous locality label for the specimen of M. praesidii is to be considered. ‘That specimen was not mentioned in Gabb’s paper, but he would doubtless have con- sidered it a small ‘‘H. strigosa’’. . Sonorella rooseveltiana (Berry). Pl. VI, figs. 9, 9a, 9b. Nautilus XXXI, July, 1917, p. 14. Roosevelt, Gila Co., Arizona, 2200 ft. elevation. Figures of the type, supplied by Dr. Berry, are here given for comparison with the forms of adjacent counties. They are 1.6 natural size, the diameter being 16.5 mm. S. rooseveltiana appears to belong to the hachitana group, but the single specimen dissected was quite immature. It is, we believe, the only mollusk reported from Gila County. : Sonorella de2licata n. sp. Pl. VI, figs. 6, 62, 65. The shell is umbilicate (umbilicus contained slightly over 6 times in diameter of shell), thin, somewhat translucent, light ochraceous- buff with several pale or whitish oblique streaks on the last whorl, and a cinnamon-brown band above the periphery. Glossy, having the usual weak irregular growth-lines. The embryonic whorls are nearly smooth, but short, protractive threads may be seen near the suture. . The last whorl is wide and descends rather slowly in front. The aperture is strongly oblique, rounded-oval. Peristome thin, ex- panded, with a dull brown edge. Alt. 10.5, diam. 18.3 mm.; 43 whorls. Genitalia (fig. 10) remarkable for the small size of the male organs. The length of penis is about one-fifth the diameter of the shell, very slender, having a stout basal sheath, and containing a short, cylindric papilla. The epiphallus is longer than the penis, terminating in a short flagellum. Length of penis 3.5 mm. papilla 1 epiphallus 4.5 “ flagellum 0.4 “ a vagina 5 | Northern end of the Peloncillo Range, about 6 miles south of the Gila River, on the toll road between Solomonsville and Clifton, 1918.] ' NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 315 Graham Co., Arizona; in a “malpais” rock slide, about 4,800 ft. elevation, type No. 109,110 A. N. S. P. paratypes in Ferriss Coll.; collected by J..H. Ferriss, 11-14-1913. The shell recalls S. bowiensis Pils., differing by the wider last whorl, smaller aperture and somewhat smaller umbilicus; also much less distinct sculpture of the embryonic whorls. The genitalia, examined in several individuals, differ by the very small size of the male organs, relatively even smaller than in S. hachitana and its Fig. 10. Genitalia of S. delicata. a, outline of penis-papilla, epiphallus and flagellum. immediate relatives. It differs from these by the cylindric penis- papilla with bluntly conic end. The genitalia of S. walkeri P. & F., of the Santa Ritas, have considerable similarity. The living animal has an odor like S. odorata in the Santa Catalinas. Sonorella ce#rulifluminis n. sp. Pl. VI, figs. 1 to 4. The shell is depressed, umbilicate, the umbilicus contained about 8 times in the total diameter, somewhat translucent, nearly isabella color, having a chestnut-brown band at the shoulder, showing above the suture on the penult and usually half of the next earlier whorl, and without white bordering bands, though the shell may be slightly paler there. It is somewhat translucent throughout. Surface glossy. Embryonic portion of 13 whorls, at first with some radial ripples, then irregularly pitted-granulose, with weak oblique threads as in others of the S. hachitana group. First post-embryonic whorl is weakly striate and minutely papillose; later whorls with sculpture of delicate, irregular growth-lines only. The whorls are moderately 316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADE: convex, the last descending slowly in front E oval-lunate, large. Peristome oe a little : columellar insertion. mame S 3. tea 14.6, diam. 25 mm.; alt. of aperture 123 1 whorls (type, Station 18). ek eee act and San Francisco Rivers, Geakin Go. Avizona, (No. 119,048 A. N. 8. P.) from Station 18 (1914), San F River 6 miles above its confluence with the Blue River. Found at Stations 5, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 (1914), and 89, 91 (1913); Ash Canyon, 6 miles above Clifton, to the mouth of Sardine on the Blue River. The higher ae these colonies are at littl than 4,000 ft. > While closely related to S. ie. it differs from that by the absence of white bands bordering the shoulder-band, and es a white Fig. 11. Genitalia of Scmanatla cerulifluminis. a, No. 119,048, Sa i typical, with enlarged detail of penis-papilla; 6, No. 119, 042, Stati Station 16, No. 119,046. Rees 1918.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ~ 317 The head and back are blackish brown, fading downward and back- ward to dark grayish brown, the tail paler. The sole has lateral bands somewhat darker than the central field (No. 119,048). Genitalia (fig. 11) generally similar to S. hachitana. The penis is very slender, its retractor muscle longer; penis-papilla slender, smooth, with tapering end. A short flagellum is present. The epiphallus is nearly as long as the penis. The vagina is generally longer than the penis. © In one specimen dissected, Station 20 (fig. 12a), the penis is about a third longer, its papilla very long, three times the usual length or more. The flagellum also is much longer. Such differences would usually be thought specific, yet I have not found any differences in the shells from this locality. < oS es Fig. 12. a, Genitalia of S. cerulifluminis var., 119,047, from Station 20, Blue River. 56,.S. binneyi franciscana Ne. 119,044. Measurements of genitalia of S. cewrulifluminis. Collecting Station... . 18 19 16 20 POM eee oe 8.5 7.5 7 12 Penis-papilla....... | 3 3.5 4 11 Epiphallus......... 8 6 7 ek PigwO IR 825%: 0.6 0.7 0.5 2 Retractor. ......... oa ee 10 13 APA oS Et. 15 14 8 9.5 Museum No....... 119,048. 119,042 119,046 119,047 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF __ [Nov.—Dec., The size of the shell is rather variable, the extremes of diameter in a series from Station 17 being 20 and 24.6 mm. The largest specimen noticed measures 26.4 mm. An individual without a dark band is photographed in fig. 4. It is from Station 19, Blue River, at the mouth of Pigeon Creek. Two other shells from this station are illustrated in figs. 2, 2a and 3, 3a. Sonorella binneyi franciscana n. subsp. PI. VI, figs. 5, 5a, 5d. The shell is umbilicate (width of umbilicus contained 9 to 10 times in that of shell), light pinkish cinnamon with some paler or white oblique streaks and indistinctly paler on both sides of a chest- nut-brown band above the periphery. This band shows above the suture of the last half of the penult whorl. The surface is glossy; embryonic shell of about 11% whorls, the first half having some radial ripples, the next whorl minutely granulate, having oblique, curved threads, protractive below, retractive above; the later whorls with fine, unequal growth-lines. The whorls are convex, slowly increasing at first, the last rapidly widening, descending a little in front. The aperture is unusually large, shortly oval-lunate. The peristome is very narrowly expanded, straightened and dilated towards the - columellar insertion. Alt. 11.6, diam. 19mm., aperture 9.8x11.5 mm.; 45 whorls. San Francisco River, Graham Co., Arizona; type locality, Station 92 (1913), above Sardine Creek. Also taken at Station 93 in the same vicinity, and at Station 13 (1914), 2 miles above Harper’s. Ferriss and Daniels. The head and back are dark grayish brown shading into dark vinaceous drab downward and backward, the tail light colored. Genitalia (Fig. 12b). The penis contains a cylindric papilla with blunt, rounded end. The epiphallus is about twice as long as the penis, and bears a small flagellum. The penial retractor inserts on the epiphallus some distance (over 2 mm.) above the penis. The vagina is nearly or about as long as the penis. Measurements follow: Station. ........ 5. einai 13 13 93 Length of penis .. >. «7 sees 5 6:0 daa papilla... 2255 ee 2 2:3 Sb epiphallus .. 053.455. 10.5 10 10.5 flagellum ; .. 7 S3a53 0.5 0.7 small penial retractor..... 3.3 te ve VAgINA .. ose Ree 4.7 5 5.50 mm. Museum No. .... 0... See 119,044 119,044 109,413 By its genitalia and shell this subspecies is closely related to S. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 319 binneyt P. & F., of the southern Chiricahuas. The blunt penis- papilla, and especially the insertion of the penial retractor on the epiphallus some distance beyond the apex of the penis, are alike in both. There are, however, some differences in the proportions of the organs, the epiphallus and penis-papilla being longer relative to the penis in S. b. franciscana, and the last whorl of franciscana is a little wider, viewed from above. The diameter, in specimens seen, is from 17 to 19.8 mm. Ashmunella pilsbryana Ferriss. Ashmurella pilsbryana Ferriss, Nautilus X XVII, 1914, p. 109. » Ashmunella pilsbryana Ferriss & Pilsbry, Nautilus X XIX, 1915, p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 3. Arizona: Along the San Francisco River, from near Harper’s Ranch to 2 miles above the mouth of the Blue River, Graham and Greenlee Counties, Arizona. Ashmunella mogollonensis (Pils.). - Ashmunella chiricahuana mogollonensis Pilsbry, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1905, p. 252, pl. 16, figs. 101,102. Ashmunella mogolionensis PiusBpry, Nautilus X XIX, 1915, p. 42. Prinspry & Ferriss, Proc. A. N. 8. Phila., 1917, p. 93, pl. 7, fig. 10 (shell), and pl. 10, fig. 3 (genitalia). Professor E. O. Wooten, who discovered this snail, crossed the Mogollon Range from Willow to Silver Creeks, along what is now called the Bursam road. He also made an excursion from the West Fork of the Gila towards Mogollon Peak, reaching a point about 15 miles due east of the Peak, in the forks of Whitewater Creek, at about 9,000 ft. It was probably here that he obtained the type of A. mogollonensis, though it is also common along Silver Creek and the Bursam Road. Specimens were taken along Silver Creek and the Bursam Road at Stations 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, from about 7,500 to 9,000 ft. elevation, and at Station 46, Little Turkey Creek, at about 9,000 ft. It is rather variable in size, specimens from Station 38 measuring from 16.5 to 21 mm. diameter, those from Station 46 from 17 to 19 mm. Other localities in the Mogollons are Station 51, head of Mineral Creek, where there are some beautiful albino shells, and 70, 76, 79, on Dry Creek, the shells mostly large. In Arizona it was taken in 1913 at Stations 59, 84, 86, all on or near the rim of the Blue Mountains, at 5,500 to 12,000 feet. The shells average larger than in the Mogollons, very few being under 20 mm. in diameter. Specimens from Station 59 measure: 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY or Alt. 11.5 diam. 22.8 mm. 2 whorls. (<3 11 (9 ot ge, 53 (73 “« 85 “ 18:3 Se Extremes of size, Station 86. Alt. 11 diam. 22.8 mm. 5? whorls. 6“ 10 6c 19. 5 (73 53 (a3 short penis, scarcely differentiated from the epiphallus; the - Si of a penial retractor muscle; and the more capacious sperma which is sacculate distally in some individuals. There are | ls not can be determined only by measuring a long series. In both the epiphallus is very long. The shells can be distinguished by a minute but deeply engraved spiral lines of A. mogollonensis. 3 Other species of Ashmunella from the Mogollon Mountains were described in Nautilus XXIX, 1915, as follows: 3 Ashmunella tetrodon Pils. & Ferr. Dry Creek. Ashmunella tetrodon mutator Pils. & Ferr. Dry Creek. | Ashmunella tetrodon inermis Pils. & Ferr. Dry Creek. Ashmunella danielst Pils. & Ferr. Cave Spring Canyon. Oreohelix cooperi (W. G. BL). Pl. VII, figs. 1 to 6a. ee Mogollon Mountains, Socorro Co., New Mexico: Willow Cree Stations 46-48, at from about 8,300 ‘ nearly 9,000 ft.; Silver Cree and along the Bursam Road (above Mogollon), at about 7, 500 9,000 ft., Stations 39, 40, 42, 425, 43, 44; also Station 35. ee The. specimens from these iéealitios emaiy resemble those figured | - us from ar Black Range, N. M. (in these ieee for aie | sistetitie Alt. 13, diam. 21 mm. $e 16. 5, ée 20 (79 The commonest form is like that shown in pl. 9, fig. 7 of. our pa Ye of 1917; the size generally from 21 to 23 mm. diam. “A large she from Station 48 measures, alt. 16.4, diam. 23.3 mm. At Stations 39 and 40 they are smaller, diam. 18 to 20 mm. The size is inde- pendent of elevation, as there are larger shells both above and is : these stations in the Willow Creek region. phe In Arizona the same “‘Black Range form” of cooperi was féuad on the southern slope of the Blue Mountains, Station 59 (1913), 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 321 in Cosper’s pasture, Station 58 (pl. VII, fig. 1) and farther north- ward in the southern part of Apache Co., on Mt. Thomas, White Mountains, at Station 75 (1913). In all of these stations there are the same capacious whorls and frequently very high spire noted in the Mogollons. - All of the preceding inhabit high elevations, and all were found under logs and leaves in heavy timber, as in the Black Range of New Mexico. The following lots were all among rocks (pl. VII, figs. 2—5b). Farther down the Blue River (in Greenlee Co., Arizona), the species was found as far as Station 23, east side of the river 2 miles above the mouth of Grant Creek (pl. VII, figs. 5-5b). While there is abundant intergradation with the shells of higher elevations just noticed, the majority of the shells are more openly umbilicate. Many have the spire very high, but this is variable in all the lots. Three examples from Station 23 figured measure: Alt. 16, diam. 26.5 mm., umbilicus 4.7 mm. cc 18, cc 24 (73 a 4.5 ‘e cc 17.8 cc 23 “ cc 3 ‘ec The shells from Station 25 are almost as large; those from Stations 26 to 32 (going up the river) are smaller. Specimens from Station 29, 1 mile above Blue River Ranger Station (pl. VII, figs. 2-2b) measure: Alt. 17, diam. 22.3 mm. <9 18 6c 7 2 “cc “cc 15 éé 99 ¢é 4é 15.6, <3 18 ée Fig. 13. Oreohelix cooperi, albino, Station 29. There are some beautiful albino specimens in this lot (fig. 13). Other examples are figured (pl. VII, figs. 3, 3a) from Station 27, near the Blue River Ranger Station, where the shells are very dark colored. One measures, alt. 13, diam. 20.5, umbilicus 5 mm. A series from Station 36, Mt. Lisa, Lisa Creek, Socorro Co., N. M., 20 miles north of Alma, is similar to those of Station 29, also with not a few albino shells. 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF _ [Nov.-Dec., The Blue River series shows all gradations of shape between very high shells, those of the typical coopert contour, and an openly um- bilicate shell with whorls of small caliber. The sculpture varies from that of Black Range cooperi to more effaced, the striation and spirals — weak. Fig. 14. Genitalia of Oreohelix cooperi. a, Cosper’s pasture; b, Blue River, Station 26; c, form apache, Black River, Station 81. eae The genitalia (figs. 14a, b, c) agree with those organs in O. cooperz from the Black Range, N. M., figured in these Proceedings for 1917, p. 101, fig. 5. The internally ribbed portion of the penis forms more than half of the total length of that organ, as in all forms of O. cooperi. Measurements in mm. follow. Numerous other specimens opened but not measured were seen to agree with those illustrated. They are distinguishable at sight from all forms of O. strigosa. | Internally : h l A Di f M Station. | Penis. ribbed part) @P!PBAr | Vagina, | Diam. ot | Museum 3 ~ of penis. lus. — ee fe ee = 1918.] _ NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 355 on the Jessup Fund, for the care of this department. Mr. Gordon has labelled and catalogued a number of accessions to the Wm. S. Vaux and the general collections and prepared a check list of the entire series. The William S. Vaux collection now numbers about 9,000 specimens, nearly half of which are on exhibition; the Academy gerieral series, 10,500 specimens, of which about 1,000 are exhibited, and the Adam Seybert collection, which is kept separate, 1,825 specimens, while there are 80 falls of meteorites represented. The duplicate specimens not on exhibition are arranged sys- tematically in storage cases immediately below the exhibition series so that they may be consulted with the greatest ease. Mr. Gordon has overhauled a large number of mineral and rock specimens received at various times and cleaned and labelled such as are of value. The rock series now in the Academy’s possession, including the first and second Pennsylvania penne Survey col- lections, amounts to about 19,000 specimens. The most important accession during the year was the Mrs. W. A. Drown collection, presented by Miss Emily Drown, comprising some 6,000 specimens. It was especially notable for the large num- ber of species represented, a number of which were new to our collection. ARCHAOLOGY. Miss H. N. Wardle has overhauled several thousand specimens mostly belonging to the Haldemann collection, which were stored in the basement, and has cleansed and identified them, entering some 2,000 in the catalogue. Little new material was obtained during the year. Mr. Clarence B. Moore’s expedition during the spring of 1918 explored territory along the Apalachacola River, the Flint River to Bainbridge, Ga., and the Florida coast from St. Andrew’s Bay to Crystal River. The result demonstrated how thorough had been his earlier exploration of the same region, as little new material was obtained. Pottery and artifacts regarded as duplicates were pre- sented by Mr. Moore to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. Owing to necessary repairs to his boat Mr. Moore was compelled to abandon his usual autumn expedition. Throughout the year the undersigned Curators have been without the advice and counsel of their associate Maj. Henry Tucker, who since the entry of America into the war has been in the service of his country in the medical corps of the Army. WITMER STONE, Chairman, Henry A. PILsBry. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF THE WILLIAM 8. VAUX COLLECTIONS, D&EcEMBER 1, 1918. Efforts during the past year, in the direction of securing as many rare and unusual species as possible, have resulted in the addition of no less than 127 species not hitherto represented in the William S. Vaux collection, of which number 87 were purchased and 40 se- lected from the Drown collection. This brings the total number of distinct species in the collec- tion up to 804, not including meteorites, hydrocarbons, varieties or doubtful species. — Altogether the number of accessions during the year exceeded 800, of which 104 were purchased, 700 derived from the Drown collection, 3 presented by Mr. Thomas Harvey and 3 presented by Mr. Samuel G. Gordon, who has continued his valuable services in caring for the collection. Respectfully submitted, F. J. Knetry, Curator Wm. 8. Vauex Collection. REPORTS OF THE SECTIONS. BIOLOGICAL AND MicroscopicaL Section.—The Section held six stated meetings during the year, a reduction of the usual number due to war regulations and the influenza epidemic. Communications on various subjects were made by members, among whom may be mentioned Messrs. T. C. Palmer, Hugo Bil- gram, Dr. Thomas 8. Stewart, F. J. Keeley, B. F. met Walter Palmer, Dr. L. A. Faught and C. 8. Boyer. The following officers were elected for the year 1919: Director... 0565 5 ee ae J. Cheston Morris, M.D. Vtce-Director 2... (speeds T. Chalkley Palmer. Recorder and Corresponding Secretary. .Charles 8. Boyer. TPVCQSUTE? . os ms is Khai ee ee Thomas 8. Stewart, M.D. Conservator. 6. Gee F. J. Keeley. 7 CHARLES 8. Borzr, Recorder. ENTOMOLOGICAL SEcTION.—Six stated meetings were held during the year, with an average attendance of eleven persons. The deaths of Erich Daecke, a contributor, and Benjamin H. Smith, a mem- ber, were announced. Arthur H. Napier and George M. Greene were elected members, and Francis M. James, Louis B. LaPlace, Carl Lorup, A. Reginald Allen and Max Reyher were elected con- ieee 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 357 tributors. Interesting communications were made by R. C. Wil- liams, Jr., J. A. G. Rehn, P. P. Calvert, Henry Skinner, Philip Lau- rent, Herman Hornig, Dr. P. W. Whiting, and Dr. J. Bequaert. The following officers and committee were elected to serve for 1919: DRT SO on iis ie Philip Laurent. VOGT FEE Ora en ov ta R. C. Williams, Jr. PRONTO a ns eRe ee EK. T. Cresson. SOPONLOP Pe rr ie elec cd eden 3a Henry Skinner. OCHA Ss re 3 2 ee J. A. G. Rehn. RCONIE i LS ta VN Saige fe i ue George M. Greene. Publication Commitee a a K. T. Cresson, Philip P. Calvert, E. T. Cresson, Jr. E. T. Cresson, JR., Recorder. BoTANIcAL Section.—The following officers were elected to serve during the year 1919: MO os i as Pe el vero k Joseph Crawford. RMN Ce ee ne es Alexander MacElwee. Se oe eae se BRS Ne gh ck John W. Eckfeldt, M.D. OO | ere oe oe ee has ees Stewardson Brown. CORSON oO Se i Stewardson Brown. JoHN W. Ecxretpt, M.D., Recorder. MINERALOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SEecTION.—The Section held four meetings, with the usual attendance. Prof. Wright discussed the topography of the upper James River; there were also discussions of peat growth, and of Tertiary coal. Other mineralogical and geologi- cal matters were discussed. The Section made six field excursions with an average attendance of eleven. The excursions were not formally announced, but were orally noted. The excursions were all in the crystalline region of Delaware County, except one in that of the Gulph region of Mont- gomery County. The deaths of Prof. Carter, Mr. Schumo, Mr. DuBois and Joseph Willcox were announced. They were active members of the Section, and particularly interested in the field excursions. Mr. DuBois was for many years an efficient member of the excursion committee. 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AcaDBaY RR - The officers elected for the coming year are: Director... SR Vice-Direcior . «sss: Gh pi Keeley. | Bey Recorder and Secretary...............Wm. B. Davis. TYCQSUPE? 0.50 sas chs + se eee Benjamin Smith Ly Conservator......+.+++seees++e++++-,George Vaux, Jr. BensaMIn Surra LyMan, —_ ‘courage ornithological activity at the Academy during ik ae nee The meetings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club and — Pennsylvania Audubon Society have been held in the building and have helped to stimulate interest in this department: of the Academy. a i elected for the year 1919: Director. .......ccececaseeeusecesss+. Spencer Trotter, M.D, . oe iden te Recorder. ....ccscuccccecceveeeessss .tewardson Brown. as Secretary. oe as ee Shryock. — Troamurer 6nd COnperyaior ss. 5: 0) 3) ate | WITMER STONE, cot result: | San PRESIDENT... ccs esses ee os SOREL Cudwaladan AM., Pe NG Vicu-PRESIDENTS.............+.-Edwin G. Conklin, Ph.D.,Se.D., Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D. s Resear SrcRETARY...........Edward J. Nolan, M.D., Se. D. CoRRESPONDING SECRETARY. .....J. Percy Moore, Ph.D. ; TREASURER...........secee0+-.-Creorge Vaux, Jr. LIBRARIAN... ... 0.00/00 ote oe olan he ae SeD. : a CURATORS... +0... 1.0 ¢sysinsegg pm aemnee BbOD, A.M:;Se.D., — Henry A. Pilsbry, Se.D., 3 Henry Tucker, M.D., Spencer Trotter, M.D. COUNCILLORS TO SERVE THREB YEARS.Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., | Frank J. Keeley, Bee Walter Horstmann, pase T. Chalkley Palmer. . | 1918.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 359 Wr -. CommMiTTEE on ACCOUNTS........ Charles Morris, Zi a Samuel N. Rhoads, 7 3 John G. Rothermel, ; . Thomas 8. Stewart, M.D., ; | Walter Horstmann. ¢ COUNCIL FOR 1919. . Ex-Officio—John Cadwalader, A.M., LL.D., Edwin G. Conklin, Ph.D., Se.D., Henry Skinner, M.D., Se.D., Edward J. Nolan, M.D., Se.D., J. Percy Moore, Ph.D., George Vaux, Jr., Henry A. Pilsbry, Sc.D., Witmer Stone, A.M., Se.D., Henry Tucker, M.D., Spencer Trotter, M.D. To serve three years—Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Frank J. Keeley, i Walter Horstmann, T. Chalkley Palmer. To serve two years.—Charles P. Penrose, M.D., LL.D., Ph.D., Charles Morris, Wm. E. Hughes, M.D., Spencer Trotter (elected Curator). To serve one year—Edwin 8. Dixon, Robert G. LeConte, M.D., George Spencer Morris, Henry Skinner, M.D. (elected Vice-Presi- dent). COUNCILLOR........ CA. 8 Goh age George Vaux, Jr. CuRATOR OF MOLLUSCA............. Henry A. Pilsbry, Se.D. CuRATOR OF WiLLIAM 8. Vaux CoL- BIN oon uleb yeas seeds aca Frank J. Keeley. ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN............005. William J. Fox. ASSISTANTS TO CURATORS............ Henry Skinner, M.D., Se.D., Stewardson Brown, Edward G. Vanatta, Henry W. Fowler, James A. G. Rehn, | Ezra T. Cresson, Jr. AID TNOMMOMAIOLOGY................ Harriet Newell Wardle. Aut ee, ww Ada Allen. fi David McCadden. SOMME ren CU NE ...... 6a... Charles Clappier, Daniel Hechler, Jacob Aebly, Adam E. Hechler. Po STANDING COMMITTEES, 1919. ) # | Frvancr.—Effingham B, Morris, John Cadwalader, A.M., LL.D., ‘ Edwin 8. Dixon, Walter Horstmann, and the Treasurer. he 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AC PuBiicaTion.—Henry Skinner, M. D;, Se. p NV Se.D., Henry A. Pilsbry, Se.D., William J. i Nolan, M.D., Se.D. Liprary. —Henry Tucker, M. oak ae: Vaux, J, | 2 “Morea: ELECTIONS, bias as January 16. ae if Cade: Annabelle B. Rie I March 19.—Francis R. Cope. April 16.—Geo. M. Greene. Commensninecien: so res aee March 19.—John Henry Comstock of Ithaca, N. YsE der Jennings of Baltimore, Frank Rattray Lillie of Chic Goldsborough Mayor of Princeton, N. J a John Merriam, Ph. D., of Berkeley, oa Geo, H wa , , of Madison, Wis. wae er 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 361 ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 1918, MAMMALS. Dr. J.P. Moors. Skin andskull of New York Weasel (Putorius noveboracensis), Delaware Co., Penna. of ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. Specimens prepared in the following manner: For mounting (skulls separate): Lion (Felis leo). Indian Antelope (Antilope cervicapra) 3. As skin and skeleton: Orang-utan (Pongo pygmeus). Wild Horse (Equus prezavelskit)Q. As skeleton: Warthog (Phacocherus afri- canus). Indian Tapir (Tapirus indicus). As skin and skull: Pinché Marmoset (Hdipomidas edipus). Texan Eyra Cat (Felis cacomiili). Fishing Cat (Felis -pviverrina). Binturong (Arctitis binturong). 'Thibetan Blue Bear (Ursus prui- nosus). Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus). Sloth Bear (Melursus labiatus). Mexican Raccoon (Procyon lotor hernandezi). Common Duiker (Cephalophus grimmi). Indian Antelope (Antilope cervicapra)?. Audad (Ovis tragelaphus) young. Coypu Rat (Myopotamus coypu). Common Dasyure (Dasyurus macu- datus). Squirrel-like Phalanger (Petawrus sciureus). As skulls:. Mandrill Baboon (Papio mormon)?. Woolly Spider Monkey (Brachyateles arachnoides). Humboldt’s Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha). Steller’s Sea-lion (Eume- topias stelleri). Cape Hyrax (Procavia capensis). Lund’s Opossum (Didelphis albiventris). 3 : Birps. Henry S. Bissex. Collection of mounted birds. Miss Emity Drown. Mrs. W. A. Drown’s collection of birds’ eggs and mounted birds. J. W. Horman. Two Barred Owls (Syrnium nebulosum), West Creek, N. J. Mrs. L. H. Parks. Collection of North American birds’ eggs. Mrs. Frank Saracoot. Mounted Short-eared Owl (Asio accipitrinus). Zo6tocicaL Society oF PHILADELPHIA. Specimens prepared as follows: As skin and skeleton: Black-footed Penguin (Spheniscus demersus). As skeleton: Somaliland Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes). As skin: Black Vulture (Cath- arista urubu). As skulls: Canvas-back Duck (Marila valisineria). Upland Goose (cloephaga. magellanica). Crested Curassow (Crax alector). Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Brazilian Caracara (Polyborus tharus). Barn Owl (Aluco pratincola). , REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. A. DE _W. Brrtont. Small collection of reptiles and amphibians. Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. cae fle Tenn Two toads (Scaphiopus holbrooki) and one salamander, Pap Laurent. Skink (Eumeces lineatus). Gunntown, Fla. FISHES. H. W. Arrken. Small collection of fishes. Connecticut and Florida. A. DE W. Bertont. Small collection of fishes. Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. SamuEL C. Castner. Two specimens of Remora (Leptecheneis naucrates). Cape May, N. J. Rabbit fish (Lagocephalus laevigatus). Cape May, N. J. = 25 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., FS cod Museum oF NaTuRAL History. (By exchange). Thirty-four Atherine es. Museum oF CompaRATIVE Zo6éLtocy. (For determination). Ninety-two loaches and three hundred and ninety-two cyrinoid fishes. India. : PHILADELPHIA COMMERCIAL Musreum. Large collection of fishes. Philip- ‘ pine Islands. Many interesting additions to the Academy’s collection. C. T. RamspEn. Jar of Domitator maculatus (Bloch). Guantanamo, Cuba. INSECTS. S. F. Aaron. Two katydids, Berks County, Pennsylvania. W.L. Assott. Three insects, North Carolina. C. P. ALEXANDER. Twenty crane-fly larve, United States. W.L. McAter. Fifteen Psyllide, United States. ANNETTE F. Braun. Thirty-eight Microlepidoptera, Ohio. B. Preston CiarK. Twenty-five Argynnis, Asia and Africa. T. D. A. CockrerELu. Fifteen exotic bees. Six fossil insects, one Coccid. W. J. Coxry. Two moths, Assam. R. W. Dawson. Three Serica, United States. W. T. Davis. One Orthopteron, Florida. Emity Drown. Large collection of Lepidoptera. ExcHaNnce. Two Catocala titonia, Missouri. ExcHANGE. ‘Two hundred Ephydride. J. H. Ferriss. Five Acridide, Arizona. H. Fox. Fifty-five Orthoptera, Tennessee. J. M. Geppes. One hundred and twelve insects, British Guiana. G. M. Green. Eight Meloids, Virginia; four Orthoptera, Maryland; two Dip- tera, United States. WacGneErR GREEN. Eight Coleoptera, United States. Morcan Hesarp. Six Blattide, Colombia; two Acridide, California. Frank M. Jones. Forty-one Orthoptera, United States. H. H. Knicut. Thirty-five Hemiptera, United States. Pure Laurent. Three Orthoptera, Florida. CHARLES LigeBEecK. One Earwig, Canada. WerRNER MarcuarbD. Four Orthoptera and Hemiptera, United States. J.P. Moorr. One Hymenopteron, Utah. Rosert K. Nasours. Five Acridide, Texas and Mexico. J. K. Primm. Two Coleoptera, New Jersey. PuRCcHASED. Five hundred and seventy-five Orthoptera, Madagascar. Henry SkinNeR. Three moths, Florida; thirty insects, New Hampshire. Recent Mo.uuvusca. Dr. W. L. Assorr. Forty trays of shells from Haiti and Tennessee. J. Arsuy. Three lots of marine shells from Greece. ALABAMA MusEum or Naturau History. Two trays of Lepyrium. C. C. ALLEN. Fifty-seven shells from Southeast United States. American Museum Expepition. Seventy African land shells. Cuar_es H. Baxer. Four lots of shells from Florida. F. C. Baxer. Amnicola clarkei Pils. from Oneida Lake, New York. Dr. Frep Baker. Tethys californica Cooper from La Jolla, California. E. B. Bartram. Five trays of shells from Florida. ee oe te esti ante ti ati 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 363 Dr. JosepH BrquarERt. Two hundred and seventy-seven trays of shells from Europe and Africa. BErRNIcE Pavaut Bishop Museum. Thirty-eight lots of Lyropupa from the - Hawaiian Islands. S.S. Berry. Four trays of shells from California and Wyoming. Louis H. Breey. Meretrix petechialis Lam. yy W. A. and E. J. Bryan. One hundred and ninety-six trays of Hawaiian shells. E. P. Cuacre. Five marine shells from California. Asa C. CHanpier. Eight lots of fresh water shells from Oregon. Dr. A. W. CHEEvEeR. Six trays of New England shells. G. H. Cuapp. Liguus solidus Say from Big Pine Key, Florida. W. F. Cuapr. Ten trays of land shells from the Philippine Islands and North America. T. D. A. Cockmretu. Eleven trays of shells from New Mexico. Eminty Couuins Coitiection. Epitonium pretiosa Lam. Pu. DauTzENBERG. Four African land shells. C. B. DeHaven. Twelve marine shells from California. Miss Emity Drown. Four trays of shells. Dr. FLORENTINO FELIPPONE. Two Mytilus from South America. J. H. Ferriss. Three hundred and seventeen trays of shells from southwestern United States. J. H. Ferriss and L. E. Danrets. Thirty-five trays of land shells from Ari- zona and New Mexico. - G,. M. Greene and F. Homer. Planorbis corneus rubra B. from an aquarium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. D. L. Brewer Haut Coiiection. ‘Thirty-five lots of shells. J. B. HenpErRSoN. Seven lots of Dentalium from Florida and Cuba. Junius HENDERSON. Ninety-eight trays of shells from Colorado and Idaho. A. Jacor. Three land shells from Ithaca, New York. L. A. Knrene. Eight species of Unionide from Illinois. C. H. Knowittron. Two land shells from Vermont. Mrs. A. F. Letson. Five marine shells from the Hawaiian Islands. O.S. Lewis. Four trays of shells from Tennessee, Virginia and Indiana. Bayarp Lone. Nineteen trays of shells from the Eastern United States. Dr. Henry Loomis. Four hundred and forty-seven lots of Japanese shells (purchased). H. N. Lows. Thirty-seven land and marine shells from California. J.G. Matong. Three slugs from Oregon. E. H. Marruews. Four Australian marine shells. Rey. H. E. Meyer. Twenty-two trays of shells. CLARENCE B. Moore. Nine trays of shells from Florida. Dr. J. P. Moore. Two fresh water shells from Utah. Mrs. Ina 8. OtpRoyp. Ten lots of shells from Western America. C. R. Orcutr. Three trays of shells from Texas. Dr. H. A. Pursspry. Twenty-seven lots of shells from ArizonaYand, the Hawaiian Islands. Dr. H. A. Purssry and J. H. Ferriss. Seven trays of Arizona shells. E. J. Post. Three species of shells from Canada. PurcHasED. Sixty-three species of land shells. CLARE W. RAVENEL. Twenty-one species of marine shells from Florida. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF: [Dec., Dr. Emmet Rixrorp. WMicrarionta wolcottiana Bart. from Palm Springs, California. S. Raymonp Roserts. Corbula contracta Say from off Nantucket Shoals, Massachusetts. Mariano S. Roia. Sixty-two Cuban marine shells. C. Henry Roney. Crepidula fornicata L. Estate Dr. B. SHarp. Three lots of shells. H.H.Smirx. Three land shells from Tennessee. ° Luoyp B. Smita. Twelve land shells from Haiti. Dr. V. Sterx1. Four trays of North American land shells. J. K. Strecker, Jr. Five lots of shells from Texas. Mrs. Mary Lupwie Suypam. Collection of marine shells. D. THaanum. Two Hawaiian marine shells. ; E. G. Vanatta. Five trays of shells. Bryant WALKER. Six lots of shells from Texas and Canada. Mrs. Nina WINcHESTER. Eighty marine shells from the Philippine Islands. — OTHER INVERTEBRATES. H. W. ArrKen. Several crabs, Connecticut and Florida. . Emiiy Couurns Conitection. A barnacle and coral. C. B. Dr Haven. Chthamalus fissus Dar. from Santa Barbara, California. Dr. FLoRENTINO FELIPPONE. Two lots of Balanus niveus Dar. from South America. H. E. Huserr. Balanus improvisus D. from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Puitie Laurent. Small collection of Crustacea, Florida. Dr. Henry Loomis. Twenty-nine trays of crabs and Brachiopoda, pureheball Mrs. Mary Lupwie Suypam. A sponge and corals. VERTEBRATE FOSSILS. Miss Ruts ANN SuLLivaAN. Mammoth tooth (Mammut primigenius), Alaska. Foss INVERTEBRATE. S.S. Berry. Tetraclita rubescens Dar. from Pt. Loma, California. Davip Datuam. One slab of Brachiopoda. Miss Emtty Drown. Nucula from England. E. J. Post. Two trays of Brachiopoda from Canada. Luoyp B. Smirx. Turritella gabbi B. and P. from Tierra Nueva, Haiti. — Ser STS ee. ee ot a ae AccEssIONS: MINERALS. Morre.ut G. BrernBaum. Quartz, Rowlandville, Phila., Pa.; Spinel, Frank- : | lin, N. J.; Microcline, Frankford, Pa.; Muscovite, Broad and Olney Ave., Phila., Pa.; Copper, Schwenksville, Pa. Mrs. M. B. Brapsury. Collection of minerals of Dr. N. R. Bradner. Miss Emity Drown. Collection of 6000 minerals. Dr. J. B. 8. Earn. Picrophyll, Bavaria. Horace M. Enatz. Molybdenite and Molybite, Ontario, Canada. Harowp Evans. Pyrite, Moore Sta., N. J. V. W. Fietp. Cyanite and Sphalerite, Idaho. Huan ALEXANDER Forp. Chabazite, Avondale, Delaware Co., Pa. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 365 SaMvuEL G. Gorpon. Orthoclase, St. Peters, Pa.; Tale, Lafayette, Pa.; Byssolite, Cornwall, Pa.; Ferruginous Quartz, Lehigh Co., Pa.; Aragonite, . Sterling Hill, N. J.; Pyrrhotite, MacAfee, N. J.; Calamine, Friedensville, Pa.; Pyrrhotite, Gottschall’s Mine, Berks Co., Pa.; Calcite, Stilbite, Chabazite, _ Laumontite, Calcite, Trap Rock, Berks Co., Pa.; Hematite, Garnet, Knauer- town, Chester Co., Pa.; Limonite, Upper Alsace, Berks Co., Pa.; Turgite, Udree’s Mine, Berks Co., Pa.; Jefferisite, Brinton’s Quarry, Chester Co., Pa.; Chabazite, Natrolite, Lenni, Delaware Co., Pa.; Titanite, Frankford, Pa; Graphite, Zircon, Stilpnomelane, Chalcopyrite, Hopewell Mine, Warwick, Chester Co., Pa.; Magnetite, Chrysocolla, Aragonite, Pyrite, Chaleopyrite, Jones Mine, Berks Co., Pa.; Limonite, Fleetwood, Berks Co., Pa.; Albite, Paterson, N. J.; Calcite, Amelia, Va.; Albite, Frankford, Pa.; Laumontite, Ward’s Quarry, Delaware Co., Pa.; Quartz, Overbrook, Phila., Pa.; Siderite, Ward’s Quarry, Delaware Co., Pa.; Orthoclase, O’Neill’s Quarry, Frankford, Pa.; Calcite, Trap Rock, Berks Co., Pa.; Deweylite, Magnetite, Lafayette, Pa.; Covellite, Chaleopyrite, Calamine, Phoenixville, Pa.; Stilbite, Frankford, Phila., Pa.; Stilbite, Prehnite, Apophyl- lite, Trap Rock, Berks Co., Pa.; Wavellite (7 specimens), Beraunite, Hellertown, Pa.; Serpentine, Aragonite, Asbestos, Easton, Pa.; Calcite, Stilbite, Paterson, N. J.; Microcline, Aragonite, Crocidolite, Calcite, Orthoclase, Galena, Pyroxene, Willemite, Garnet, Franklin, N. J.; Kaolin in limonite geodes, Oreland, Pa. H. Herweex. Limonite pseudo-Pyrite, Howard House, Delaware Co., Pa.; four stalactites, Crystal Cave, Kutztown, Berks Co., Pa. Cuarues W. Hoaptey. Microcline, Valhalla, N. Y. Frank P. Howr. Calamine, Embreeville, Tenn. Tuos. Harvey. Fifteen minerals from Delaware Co., Pa. Howarp Kup. Calcite, Howellville, Chester Co., Pa. BEnTLYy R. Morrison. Chalcopyrite, Falls of French Creek, Chester Co., Pa.; Orthoclase, Falls of French Creek, Pa. _ _ Freprerick Oxpacu. Prehnite, Calcite, Stilbite, Apophyllite, Trap Rock, Berks Co., Pa. _ Con. W. A. Rorsrine (by exchange). Amber, Roebling, N. J.; Mixite, Tin- tic, Utah; Ettringite, Bellerberg, Germany, and Tombstone, Ariz.; Tamarugite, Tarapaca, Chile; Elpidite, Greenland; Svanbergite, Wermland, Sweden; Hibschite, Aussig, Bohemia; Crestmoreite, Riverside, Cal. Dr. Jonn F. Rose. Vermiculite, Roseite (4 specimens), West Nottingham, Chester Co., Pa.; Ligniform asbestus, Molybdenite, West Nottingham, Pa. Harry W. TrupEtt. Gypsum, Falls of French Creek, Chester Co., Pa. H. L. Wituie. Margarite, Pequea Mine, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Picrolite, Chro- mite, Deweylite, Wood’s Chrome Mine, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Talc, White Rock, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Calcite, Wabank, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Limonite pseudo- ag Chestnut Hill, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Galena, Rutile, Chloritoid, Pequea ine, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Pyrrhotite, Cornog, Chester Co., Pa.; Tourmaline, Smoky Quartz, Gap Mines, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Tourmaline, Welsh Mt., Lancaster Co., Pa.; Cacoxenite, Beartown, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Kaolin, Narvon, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Calcite, Billmeyer Station, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Fluorite, Lancaster Co., Co., Pa.; Silicified Wood, Elizabethtown, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Tennantite, Bam- fordville, Lancaster Co., Pa.; Asbestus, White Rock, Lancaster Co., Pa. H. F. Zercer. Pyrite, Columbia, Pa.; Andradite, Serpentine, Cornwall, Pa. PurcHaseD. For Wm. S. Vaux Collection 104 specimens. HERBARIUM. Dr. W. L. Assort. Small collection of plants from Doubling Gap, Cum- berland Co., Pa. H. G. Autesaca. Helenium nudiflorum, Green Lane, Pa. Water M. BENNER. 14 specimens from Easton, Pa. O. H. Brown. 115 sheets of flowering plants, Cape May, N. J. Macy Caruart. Small series of ferns from New Jersey. 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Cuares C. Dean. A small collection of local plants. Excuancre. N. Y. Botanic Garden, 123 sheets of Jamaican plants; Gray Herbarium, 556 sheets of Newfoundland and Labrador plants. H. L. Fisuer. Plantago major, Annandale, N. 8. C. D. Fretz. 44 sheets of plants, Bucks Co., Pa, F. J. Keetey. Camptosaurus rhigophius, Chester Co., Pa. BayarpD Lona. 30 sheets of Eragrostis peregrina, eastern Penn’a and N. J. J. P. Orts. 25 local plants and a small collection from California. Harowp W. Pretz. 460 sheets of plants, Lehigh Co., Pa. PurcHAsEeD by the Academy. - 1000 specimens of New England plants. By the Botanical Section 475 New England plants, 170 Florida plants and 350 Cali- fornian plants. Gro. Revues. Fertile fronds of Mattenccia struthiopteris from Wissahickon Creek. . WITMER STONE. Ilex opaca, Cape May Pt., N. J. U.S. Dept. AGricuttuRE. (Through Dr. C. L. Shaw.)- Plants from Chester Co., Pa., from herbarium of Dr. Ezra Michener. ARCHAOLOGY. Miss Dewry. Dance Spear and Belt from South America. Miss Emity Drown. Roman Antiquities, etc. Mrs. L. Brown Hatu. Arrowpoint. ~Puitie Inman. Arrowpoints from Florida. CLARENCE B. Moors. Additions to the Moore Collection. C. Henry Roney. Aboriginal workshop material from near Bethlehem, Pa. By Purcuase. Collection of ethnographica from the Pacific and from South America. 1918.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 367 INDEX TO GENERA, SPECIES, ETC., DESCRIBED OR REFERRED TO IN THE PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918. Species described as new are indicated by heavy-faced, synonyms by tlalte numerals. Abracris caeruleipennis.................... 183 TST NS Se eae garals alpen eae Nee 183 Gl eS AR aed eR a 335 Abudefduf antjerius...00.0.... |= 54 melanopselion...............000cc000- 58, 59 MARCIE 5 oii lachicdis Gucevcacr ave 56 RPRNRERSEMIUMANS 2005s ick cydcce asco 54 Acantheremus elegans............0...0..... 198 2 SERIES ie ag He ESE 337 Acanthoderma.:::......0:....005 eds. S37 MUTI re Saye 337 Acanthodis aquilina.......0..00..000.00.. 196 CONSANZUINEA..........0.cccceeceeeceseeee 196 PeRUIOOe Oar ie Soak 337 Aceipiter DicOlor........5.5.605.05.5.60s80c 249 Sno ee es NETS SO RSET SEP 249 1. EGER RES RL cee eee 249 FE aR reg aye Cae aS IT a 337 Acheta assimilis..........00...cccccceeeeeees 214 Sree ops a aE 343 Acontiothespis eximia..............0.00.... 165 (nS SACI ret og aOR ea 337 RMN S65 6, 150k oh cs ick. Coens vou, et vs 337 Acrydium zneo-oculatum................ 183 flavo-lineatum.....0......cccccee 184 oy Lo a Rn 169 Actitis macularia......0...0..0.00.ccc ce 245 TS ED, Oe 337 Aegialitis collaris................ccccccccc000 245 SSS RE ee 244 Po con ape edi Tar) aan a 337 _ tr Seite) ne 344 PEROT citi ie ceeees. 336 Allotettix peruvianus........................ 167 Amaurospiza concolot................00.... 275 Amazona autumnalis salvini........... 251 farinosa inornata.................0..6 251 ochrocephalus panamensis...... 251 POOR eek SURE he 255, 256 tzacatl tzacath.i.i... 255 PS 0 ae Eee mE 255, 256 Ta teroeie ie ia 255 Amblycercus holosericeus................ 280 ADAG TOI oi. it acy ence acantohies 17 PORCH Oh. 562.5555, iside: ai asada 25 BAWAVONIS, ..),.cscacsiscisssiverecios 27 en ORES OER) Ota MRE: Renee 20 WHI esse ae 22 PRMDOEE I GR ides ssid 344 PMI isk fone Faves chs as cra i 336 Anaplecta................: Se etgcistavieuetinstessss 145 UR CSS RY Gare ee Aaa ee aE 145 WOT i Sicsaeaancis-s 144 APB DIODE DICOION. 6655.50.60 licen 261 Anas platyrhynchus.............0.000000.. 247 PORN a iinet Ne esas 387 Anaulacomera nodulosa.................. 195 Anaxipha augusticollis........0000000.0.. 214 1, RTE UR OSU SRL ARNIS? co ORR 220 CRY CRMONGIB: (35) iiss esses... 221 SRS rr a teen Shot eee 215 ie 52, eh sinaeves ces cased 214 ne ee a ee og, 225 MAMBO loos ise Eek kk 222 id coke Rose isons .. 220 pS RITE a a pa Se el 221 PINs bie Sei g so nosscaengs cance 222 SUEVUUEINE WIEN Foc Kisco esses seeds cise 217 fist fig tae ke gare ee 220 StYAMOENGICIB. ..6.6....cc0c0he.ceccseceeee 227 SPC” Citar St Cea 222 VATIONNUN tei oye beck osccsove 221 Anoylodonnn ia iooaecnaccs 337 Anepistomon....c nonce 338 Angela quinquemaculata................ 166 Anodonta dejecta.........ccccccecceeeeeees 329 ARAODIS : 66 SA oR a ae 337 Anthoscenus longirostris longiros- PIB. sicssscopsetacen th soa hel eee 256 Anthracothorax nigricollis nigri- COURS. 5 ...occiszteeas tanta reese 256 Anthus parvus. 28.32.08 coe 273 Antrostomus rufus rufus..........0...... 253 Anurogryllus muticus............00...0.... 209 POPU 055 hace cage ee Ge asa 341 368 A peptonneciscicc...ckiicasatiaaipnens eee 338 Aphemogry lus. i....iic.sesscjcocacecaidnnns 209 PACTS... cossccvcesscescgscansvecco taal 210 ADBODUS. .-ceis-ciectsiacl tee 339 Aphonomorphus QTiSeuS...........:c00008 230 STUN ION... ccolsgessisvaseseh tines cae 230 surdus.. 230 PGR oo, ik sancosessoks inidavea eae 336 Apistus............. scot voueaies tbkkdeee ee 335 Apotettix brunetl......<.ssisssisseceamuecan 168 Ara ambigua..........::nscnisanaee 251 chioropters...;.;.:4.ssseeassenaeeee 251 TORCAO. .ooisscssnipsteenssduehigenan abadedales 251 BEV ETAL. oa cicscgecaci options ete 251 Aramides CAjaned.........cccccecseeseeerse 240 Archamia zosterophora................:60 28 Ardea herodias lessonil.................. .. 246 AYBOB. .6)sciesicSinoces epbedpasebu ude 336 Argia moesta putrida...............0- 75-81 talamancas.:.)caicianccineac 81-85 Argizala brasiliensis.............:cs0c000000 208 Argyrosomus goldmanii................006 43 TRIG oi aac ee oe 339 Arremon aurantiirostris.................. 277 Arremonops conirostris coniros- t 2c RRMME cd's aac cased. 8 tea Ccus scenes 276 Ashmunella chiricahuana mogol- ONPGIGIE 6.5 55sscaeccs kore ee 319 danielsi............ daiisnoess cioeaeleuaae 320 Os CABO oo. cipsasc hic iscce eee 320 Mogollonensis............::ccecececeeeees 319 PUERTYANA, 65525 .. BccaG 319 BOER OGOU: 3 5. ciacescdodesseccstccueneeee 320 Re PROPMIG:, 5 ooo ccs castun css ase 320 Re WOUIEALOL,. «cc cigaysssdeostdeardeatbenets 320 ps: EB Rae pete eo ot car <1 an 337 ASEOTINA TTA. .....j.ccccccccecesessssesessees 249 Astragalinus psaltria croceus.......... 277 Atalotriccus pilaris pilaris................ 264 Attila citreopygus citreopygus......... 269 SRR SS aR AODB ERR 3840 PEPEOODIN 2) 5 o a gccscsdss coe obaane 17 Automolus pallidigularis pallidigu- a hector 262 FRING 5 oooh issesssicsecken sks. ree 341 Bagrus tamaarrii... 6.006003 341 BRIAR ge salicas siconccscavs-aconsssrnoecoaenten 342 Bartramia longicauda................0000 245 Bastileuterus rufifrons mesochry- GANG sis cs soacbiasienns oncaxtapennscebeane 274 . Semicervinus veraguensis........ 274 Bertomioltagsyei:is:.sacissssacblectaateaene 141 PATAQUAYENSIGS...........cccccescceveeees 141 Blatella titemia.....csssissssecteeseseeecd 157 Blatta americana..........ccssccssceseeseeees 161 australasine......saccsssussivacaiares 161 STISER.........cecsssciecesdn dane 160 . pellucida......:./425 jstineche eee 157 Bliastes submarginatus..........0-.e.-+- 197 BCI soi. scissor incense ee 337 BOAR fo issssscceiss cock hae 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF — Bombycilla cedrorum..............::000. 273 Borborodes....... Saket 339 Botaurus lentiginosus..............0:00+ 247 BOxXa0GOD. «0: :ccassnessseivasspeceneveeeeeae 342 Brontes..c.. 2.ccus.Snaendanoeeee 336 Brotogeris jugularis...............cc:cc000 251 Bucephalacris falcifer............... elie 180 Busarellus nigricollis.................. ies 249 Buteo platypterus........0c..cccceseeeeeees 249 SWANSON: « .oniniss-kesdoek aes ee 249° Butarides striatacisiisioscessisses 247 virescens hypernotius................ 247 Cacicus microrhynchua.......... \oonegs 280 vitellinus: ji.ii.iiicnuenc eee 280 Cacodoxus. .cisecsaccptcit osetia eeaeen 336 CWAB0 |. okie oa 338 Cairina, moschata..............:cssseseceeees 247 Callarias. ........caiususeavnaeeeeee 337 Callimantis eximia...........:ccccccceeeees 166 Callopterus ic: iiii:iintaincceeoaees 344 Callyodon philippinus...................... 66 Camptostoma pusillum flaviventre 265 Campylorhampus venezuelensis.... 263 Gan in0a...isccicecivdncsteeeee 337 Capellaria. i: iyeeodenau aaa 338 Capito maculicoronatus maculico- TONAUUS (5b nce 258 Capsiempis flaveola...............::c000 265 Carcharias.,.....i.cnucsmsunepeeeee 337 Cariblatta igarapemnsls...............065 157 Caryothraustes poliogaster scapu- ATI. os ccinn'egccisncias hota e eee 276 Cassidix orizivora violea..............0. 280. Catharista Urubu.............ccccccccseseeeees 248 Cathartes aura @Ura...............eeseees 248 Catochenulm..}..:.is.sican anne 338 Celeus loricatus loricatus................ 259 Centridermichthys................ccc000088 339 Centurus subelegans wagleri........... 259 Ceophloeus lineatus mesorhynchus 259 Cersia CAPlSicintsaceiaunve mesons 190 Cera todus.iic..s::-cnnistien eee 337 Cerchneis sparveria sparveria......... 250 Cercomacra nigricans. ............ 260 tyrannina tyrannina................ 261 COMBO. . cs ninth cha ee 337 PING soso sicacaddccyeg alee .. 887 Chaemepelia rufipennis rufipennis 242 minuta elacodes.............cccsee 242 Chaenaxis intuscostata..............:00 303 Chaptichthys. ;...0::...:.:ccsnsscoarsaueeasoanaetes 340 Chaetura chapmanil..............:000 253 cinereiventris fumO8a.............+-+- 253 Chalybura buffoni...........:c.ccceeeseeees 256 Cheilogipterus aquila....ccccceee 48 Cheiloprion labiatus...............::000+ 53 Chironectes...........ccceeceeeeeees ‘iene 3838 Chiroprion lanceolata...............:00 268 Chloroceryle aenea aenea.............+.+- 252 RIDA TOMA 4s os coicasassacend ssoeeogeaseaen aoe if iis. NATURAL SCIENCES Chloroceryle inda...............ccccc0cesees 252 Chloronerpes callopterus...............++. 259 Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis. 277 CRIOPOPROUBLOSE. 6 foci Salinas eile 175 5 MRCOG MI acc ecbopcssnl veh evecine 177 4 MEATS 225 Ses cs os casecnas kode 344 Chlorostilbon assimilis................+4 256 Chordeiles acutipennis texensis...... 253 virginianus virginianus............. 253 fe AER ecoed Gat Serge eee or 339 - Chorisoneura parishi..............0.000 163 Chromis ceeruleus...............c0ccesceeeceees 66 POLST Lob 111 Ue Me en er feet 63 scotochilopterus.........eeececeees 61 Chrysophrys................ oa een 838, 340 RAM WUGOCINM occ cass cacjcksese ceiscarncantsss 338 Chrysotrogon caligatus.................. 257 Ciccaba nigrolineata nigrolineata.. 251 VITgata VITZAtA..........-ccceeccveeeees 251 Circus hudsonius.............:.cceceecceeees 248 Claravis pretiOsa,................sssseeeeeee 243 Clupea fasciata.......... Wenes tupae duet 17 Cnipodectes MiNOF,......:....e cc eeeeeeeeee 266 SES ARATN OUR Si oe.o coe cse-sccnisGasshave 266 Coceycua rutila panamensis............ 257 Coccyzus americanus americanus.. 257 Cochlearius zeledoni..............0....0 247 Cochlicopa lubrica...............++ 304, 328 Coelophyllum coriaceum.................. 196 POCU CPV Coos cst is) - os oedonesrescncieets 196 Coereba mexicana.........cccccccceseeeeees 277 Colpolopha obsoleta............:::0 170 Columba nigrirostris...............0::000 242 rufina pallidicrissa................ 242 BEVONOUR TD ca ciicese ancevsssonssabetinesdabion 242 subvinacea subvinacea............ 242 Columelia alticola.....<...:.....6...h.00 329 Colymbus dorminicus brachyrhyn- EES ER RAGS nae RR 244 Conocephalus brunnevi...............00.+. 199 WRITE, 6 yas ahs toate ceaiatestonss 199 NTE, Nee Rate eae are 198 1 TRIE TOES 2 See em ene eee 198 MITOPUNCtALUS. ..........5.05...s cece. 198 Copiphora cornuta................... banter gs 5 Fé Copurus leuconotus..................0008 263 SESS ER 342 MR oie a sin Git icevinneresces. 340 Coryphotriccus albovittatus.......... 266 Corythroichthys matterni.............. 11 COBSY DRI CR arr aR hac icasissese 338 Cotinga nattererd...c.cccsccsssseccssecsceuse 270 Cotylichth ye eas eis 341 CHITA isbn sisi Noes vi DR idler 341 Sinbristace sin cakins 341 Craspedoprion aequinoctialis.......... 263 Crax PaNAMENSIBS..............cccecceesseeees 242 Creciscus albigularis................0...6 244 CPO T OCC 9s cre ccbeke ie teriiives div accnaks 339 Crotophame ABRs iii dG 257 WORT iio oe 257 Cryptophthalmus..........0....0:cc6cce 343 OF PHILADELPHIA. 36% Crypturus soui modestus.......:....... 241. CURD iiss ch cinta 336 Ctenoglyphidodon..............::c:ceeeee 58 Curucujus clathratus.................06 257 MASSEDA........0000 LawGchuniie Le melanurus Macrourus.............. 257 Cyanerpes CYaneuS..........cceeeeeesees 277 TRC a ee ics Cae cx 277 Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens 275. Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni............ 80: Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus..... 259° Cynanthus.c3 acai ania. 256 latirosthian . 65) saeoucin ee 256 Cyprinus bola -.5:aidaentaae 344. Cyrtoxipha angusticollis.............0... 214 RPLCP A oisaiicisccssicisspaanseecneveeetans 220 COMB DORBG oi sos issisccaspaccversenetioe 215 TUR as iss iccdand ors ere 221 raft 2) aaa pray MBE eer seesay otf 's ele 220: gt SR nate aie eae eS) ZR 222 VATIOTAGE oso hiss eae 221 Cyrtoxiphusaztecus var. cayennen- sis : 22 Dacnis cayana ultramarina............ 277 Pinta acGta. ack sk: he 8 a Te 247 Damophila panamensis................... 256: BU esis cha eke icaakdpdpccecnsens ee OOO? MCI ai ica ctehs coe iscsi soevcssssecsyenacs 336: WE oo ks athe Shacks pss destssacctes?. 336° Datnia argented...........:.ccseseeceees wc 86 WROD okies cc cd ates Daciseyanss 8e Deconychura typica............:ceee 262 GO SEER cairns reales gt Seep RC IS SED 339 Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps.. 262 lafresnayi ridgwayi.......:........... 262° Dendrocolaptes sancti - thomae sancti-thomae..............c0.006 263. Dendrocygna autumnalis................ 247 Dendroica aestiva aestiva................ 274- COUP Sock eck tk ta cyasscitsrasthsckocscess 274- COR otek a shagesdeocévensess 273- COPTER El oieavycoddessiess 273: erithachorides................0:.cc00e00- 274 SOB ics He oie a tates si scse ees 273: TRA QN OMB secs eevee ceatevoisivoaveensess 273 PENSYIVANICA..........0c.cesceesceesseees 273 WIFI <.ic4occnest Hee foe oa 273 Doerrina 2c caress caneee 25 339 Deportator :.iii.5.cscaatiaavavestosestassaneses . 339° Detichthy5. ........-.deraramnsrsrctoacsnsees 3 Deveximenttinit......220sesistecseccsessecsaeees 336 Diophanes salvifolium............:...00+. 197 DOUG: 53k inivics sce eeencdeeeaen 339 DipterygZonotus.......:.scssssesisescosersnesees 342 PSCODATOB isch cc aeons 336" Dolichonyx OryZivOCuS......0....cce 280 FOP JNGOTO. 355i. cassia Gausacrneciss 144 Doryichthys philippinus....:............ 13 | Cr a Ra Ea a kN OE 335 Drom Basen eds Sidiat 69 NBCU MMB oii oek cc esses 69 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF . {Dee,; Dromococcyx phasianellus.............. 257 | Gastrocopta bilamellata. Sips wa. 304 Dumetella carolinensis................+ 272 COCHISENSIS...:..../2-0-ssscncboqeeueenenene 304 . ; ; dalliana......5.5:i4 neta 304, 328 Ecchaunornis radiatus fulvidus...... 259 pellucida hordeacella................ 04 Fichemythe...........::cescseseeeseseresesenenens 338 pilsbryana.........cccecsesseeeeeee 304, 328 Egretta candidissima.............+-+.: weve 246 QUAGTIGENS, ....15-5.2.4¢005secberoeme 304, 328 Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis... 265 | Geranospizias niget...............000 249 martinica subpagana.............- 265 | Gerres......ccccccssesecsecsessecneeseeseeqesseenss 338: Elainopsis gaimardii macilvainil.... 269 | Glaucus hirsuta affinis...................... 254 ao FOTFCALUS cc... eeseeeseeeenees ‘ Ghiseus.....2 eso eee 337 E elr. Pos ccnccedecicuscds ob cualeadiuepeneces ee eeesapaeae “Gi horh chus cuneatus ectora- Blectron platyrhynchus minor. 252 | Bigs ecscssnnmnstn [BES Ellops. ssdencesercesacceneteccueseueensarsamescanssasens 338 Glyptocephalus 1 aie) ee seine eee ea 344 Emmelichthys. we aeeeceees sietesacenesenseerenens 3 42 Gonyodiscus eronkhitei Ge re ee 301, 326 Empidonax albigularis....0...:.0000.0 267 | Gotiania. i 2 338 fla VIVENETIS............0-eeeeerseeseeneees 267 | “Gremilla. ....ij:.ic0.ccs neon 337 MIDIMUS......-.eeecenrseesereesseeeeereneees 267 | Gryllacris cruenta.............0:cc08 207 traillii almorum..........eceeeeeeseees 267 harpistylata.............c.ccccsseseeeeeees 204 t. frail. aioe naa 267 | Gryllotalpa didactyla...............00 207 ViTCRCONR: |. 5ck.ccicaiesans meee 267 | Gryllus equinus. .c5.:..tconcaneenaeen 196 Bnallagms. = :.. ic occsseeomeae ae 103 assimilis.:..2. Se 214 End ymamad...........sescseessesesecesseeseeenesens 340 collaris.cc iia Tice ee 170 Eneoptera incompta.........-... 222 convolutus...:. 0c 213 Englottogaster..........-ssscseseceseseees 336 minwtus,:..:.3.5.5i002 eee 220 ONO. :, caches eee ae 335 mutiOus: <6 209 Eomorphopus granulatus................ 167 myrtifolius..i3. iia nea 195 Beran. .3i:\ cancion ae 341, 342 SUrINAINUS. .<...kchae ue 171 Eperlanus Si vibe eatevceea cu uhenseanorenmnes sense cage 342 TUCUMANENSIS...........seceeceeeeeeeoees 213 Epilampra conspersa..............::000+ 160 verticalis. 023... icc ee 213 grisea cack pai da pe aha ba SARA G Cage Ce Rae 160 xanthochiorus.....:i.. ccc 170 : lucifuga Satatscabeasss petteseeeeeceneceneeees 160 Gundlachia californica. .................06. 305 Epinephelus matternl...............4+ 31 | Gymnocephalus.......c..:c.ceccceereseeees 337 ‘Equula Epa te pereeeeesees SSS cube vaca paadeeon need 336 Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps.... 261 ‘Erator albitorques eaves ners Casatane ae tae Srey 269 Gymnostinops montezumMa............ 280 Ereunetes pusillus...............0:.0:::08 245 | Gypagus papa.....seccessseccssecserneenees 248 Erionotus punctatus atrinucha...... 260 PET T OR: ceain cs cstzs.-sdnekenobonsccne tugntatedaneates $48 | Haplovoluta..:..is.:i.0.daheenenen 114 ErythrichthyS............:.sccssseeceeees 342 bicarinatec:....-cc6cccekne 114 schlegeli Be pr ie eure Dye pre opts ta 342 Harpagus bidentatus:.:..2k222085 250. Birythrocless ..o:.c:oieeds cist a ccessonaes B48.) Harpe: wicisssicinissceae A 338 Erythrodon.... Sr reper e pre b thes Ries O99, 336 Harpiprion cayennensis FEO 246 Eucometis cristata... 279 | ‘Harpockirus,::,.c..0..dks ccna 335 Euconulus fulvus neg oe Sa gets 7 302,327 | Heleodytes albobrunneus................ 271 Eucypyga TROT sins. 00 5h 5 sass panrepaiese ree 246 Helicodiscus arizonensis............ 301, 326 UGG... css casas cen essnenseaseneananah $36 || Fieliornis fuliea.....,<..4220 nee 244 Kupneea OES apes PRONE I RCE ean 340 Heliothryx barroti 6 iA ee 256 HUPOrist]...........-.esceeceeeseereseeseees Peper 339 | Helodromas solitarius solitarius..... 245 Eupsittula ocularis.............cccec 25) | Helope:::....scnenscssen eee eee 338 FPO GIB. oi... ccc 335 | Hemigryllus ortonii............0c0c 208 Exoles. CE RET OER PIERRE or atl: Bie. 338 Hemiramphus himbatus: 355s a 3 “FE CERETAG oss sivesosctdecstasennee ena 342 oe prostheleuca pittieri.. Se . : Herodias egretta. ......:...cscecdessocssessnesa Falco sees tt PP USS DMN mS ios Herpetotheres cachinnans............. 250 Fl di ue ee Sener Rae 246 Hetaerina americana.:............c0ce 107 Florida caerulea................0:-:+4+ Paty & Heterospingus rubrifrons. .............. 279 Florisuga mellivora.............:.s:ssee+ Be? | erent OPUS MEXICANS... 245 Forficula linearis...............--.:0-1+« oe Be | Pteando erythrogaster... 970 Formicarius moniliger panamensis 261 Eiistiodromes 337 Frogata minor palmerstoni.....m 248 | Holocompst.....ccesennene 145 PULO....snissccssecsersarsesnsancrcs een enema 336 H omorocoryphus brunneri..........6... 199 Gallinago delicata............cccscccesesecees 246 COCATIUS 5. 0.055 :s0essvstarcesstelnee ae 199 ‘Gastrocopta ashmuni o> ae ee 1918.] Hybopsis tetranemus.................:000 342 Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis.......... 247 Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. 244 Hygronemobius albipalpus.............. 208 Fa big bits. Ramtarcuane ney on anh tana fre enneaeaaiey 114 Hylocharis eliciae................:s..c0006 256 Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens.... 273 ustulata swainsonii.................... 273 + Hylomanes momotula obscurus...... 252 Hylopezus perspicillatus perspicil- La) te, RSI ai eM ene epee UTES 262 Hylophylax naevioides................... 261 SRV DOOV COG oi-k csi inten 335 Ibycter americanus..............00000c000 248 ROCCRTUS PAIDUIA co cit Gace 280 Oy USS 5 GRBAC AR Be ye aed Sart fete es 280 mesomelas salvinii.................... 280 RIOR IS app cots ed tox 0: 280 Ictinea plumbea..................-c.ccsscseeeees 250 TRS E Sipatdies Mabie hse ar asme pe ersT ae 342 Ionornis martinicus............0...0...000. 244 Tridoprocne albilineata mars poeacaaaele 270 BOM RRRUR Yio sooo Sci ie cee cahe pass cca ce eee 342 Taseroptcra SRS Sle OER Ne ec? 149 IRV AGO ei ee eect ss .k Ae caters 152 a) SAIS Soha tea Rte 146 Te TRR eo ioscan de 149 nyctiboroides........ ee ere ee 156 ss Ea) RIS eer ae 103 PROWVY CIUG CRIB fico. occe css cssckscesénsess 247 JACAMELOPS AULECA......0..cccccceescseseseeees 258 Jacana melanopygia...........0..c0.0008 246 a Seat ROBE ERA Shree 246 Jodacris ceruleipennis.............00.0...... 183 IIEIERE onc) 5 oe Ab SA 338 J ulis awetd hit cio sa ah sien salgSa SET Mee tbash eo UR MARR ake ook 338 NOT ere kgi cis 1s ps ox cons ecabs saavlesertanere 338 Eo ei cs sad ceceeeets eotins 338 Laniocera rufescens......................04. 268 Lanivireo flavifrons.............0..0...00.. 273 Lathria unirufa clara.............0.0.00..... 269 Legatus albicollis..............0..000cc00 265 ST ES 336 RUMOR 5 Ao o5hi 5 5s ckdscosscccsedese 17 OR Se a 15 Digiates MUMMATIN es... 280 Lepidopyga ceruleogularis............. 255 Leptodon uncinatus............000.cc... 250 Leptopogon flavovirens.................... 265 PEARS: she: red ate eicitkiesies. 265 Eeptorbyne hue oi eciiesca icvcicteacnsse 338 Rv 1S Rear cael et ae 0 a 338 Leptotila cassini cassini.................. 243 verreauxl VerreauXi...........0...0.. 243 EMNCCR, GAPING, 5. ciosecsissiseencstcctlons 214 StL AON DOES TRS AOL roe a 338 Leucolepis lawrencii.....................6. 272 Leucopternis ghiesbreghti................ 250 BEMIPIUMDCA isis esecdssdncsinaiyie 250 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 371 Leurophyllum consanguineum........ 196 MICU DODNE: oi. oosi ccc cicssce eset 196 Linoceratium boucardi.................... 169 NaN fesh ihc cc civuddes Jidcaavekeses 338 Lipaugus holerythrus holerythrus.. 269 1S CUETEE Lie hon: SR Sean eR 340 PsOCUStA COTMULA, (55... 0.0.55 esccceesesees 197 Phe Daa ROR EN ile Oe es 197 Lophomis delattrei..............0..c00008 257 MMNOCCR ic hited enka on oe 339 ME MCOMATIOT 3.004. AG: 339 PEMETOYDODRIS.: caesar 342 MOCTOGON..<. .:..; sonirguratuu