SKI UMASS/AP^HERST aiEObbODSflsaobb is^f ^^m »^| • ■ !^'< ^ • wf ^ •■:,'*: r-)' LIBRARY OF THE DATE DUE 1 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SB A03 S6 7th 1891 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE I I n SOCIETY OF HPIEKIOaH FLOBISTS HELD AT TORONTO, ONT., CANADA, AUGUST 18, 19, 20, and 21, 1891 Publi^bed by Order of the Society. BOSTOX: A. A. Blaik & Co.. Prixter:?, 15 Miltox Plack. 1891. U 'i AU'oi l^ 34.. ^L> CHAPEL ^'^^ / OFFICERS OK THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. For 1891 President : M. H. NOKTON, Boston, Mass. Vice-President : JOHN CHAJMBERS, Toronto, Ont. Secretary : AyiLLIA3I J. STEWAKT, Boston, Mass. Treasurer : I^rYRON A. HUNT, Terre Haute, Ind. Executive Committee : For One Tear. Frank Huntsman, Cincinnati, O. Wm. R. Smith, AVasliiugton, D.C. J. T. Temple, Davenport, Iowa. For Two Years. Wm. Falconer, Glen Cove, X. Y. John Burton, Chestnut Hill, Philadelpliia, Pa. D. B. Long, Buffalo, X. Y. For Three Years. James Dean, Bay Bidge, X. Y, P. Welch, Boston, Mass. H. W. BuCKBEE, Rockford, 111, For 1892 President : JAJVIES DEAN, Bay Ridge, N. Y Vice-President : ^T^L. R. SMITH, Washington, D, C. Secretary : Wn^LIAJM J. STEWART, Boston, Mass. Treasurer : IVIYRON A. HUNT, Terre Haute, Ind. Executive Committee : For One Year. Wm. Falconer, Glen Cove, X. Y. John Burton, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. D. B. Long, Buffalo, X. Y. For Three Years. Three members to be appointed by the President-elect on Jan. 1, 1892. For Two Years. P. Welch, Boston, Mass. II. W. BuCKBEE, Rockford, 111. W. A. Manda, Short Hills, X. J, r'»f^ «.*. ^< r-vn. ..^. ""^J^^xsf'mfyKvmii MASS, a . ■srrrs | PROCEEDINGS. HORTICLLTURAL PAVILION, Toronto, Ont., Tuesday, August 18. In the gayly decorated pavilion, festooned with evei-green, the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack were conspicuous in all directions. Ferns, palms, and handsome fohage plants ornamented the phitform, from above the centre of wliich appeared on a wliite banner the words, "Welcome to Toi'onto." The outer circle of the hall, reserved for the customaiy trade exliibit. and separated from the interior by canvas par- titions, contained a display of inventions and appliances for canning on the work of the gardener and the florist. In the adjoining conserva- tory building a line collection of flowers and plants embraced many rare sj)ecimens of interest to horticulturists. FORMAL (iREETINGS AND THE RESPONSE. At the appointed hour for the preliminary proceedings, a number of officials of the city of Toi-onto, members of the Eeception Commit- tee appointed by the City Councils, and members of the Reception Com- mittee of the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Toronto, with the officers of the Society of American Florists, appeared on the jilatform; and, after an interAal of waiting, in expectation of the arrival of the Bos- ton and New York delegations, which had been delayed en rotite, the Convention was called to order. ^Ir. John Chambers, of Toi-onto, Vice-President of the Society of American Florists, and President of the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Toronto, presided. Chairman ChajMBErs, in formally welcoming the visitors in behalf of the local organization, assured them of the pleasure which their presence had given their Canadian brethren, and expressed the hope that all of them would have a pleasant time during their visit. He then opened the proceedings by introducing Mayor Clarke, of Toronto. Hon. Edward F. Clarke, Mayor of the city of Toronto, came for- ward and said : — Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I have been asked to ap- pear here, representing my fellow-citizens, to extend to you a most hearty welcome to our Queen City. TMs is the first time, I believe, 6 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, that any Canadian city has been honored by its selection as the phice for the annnal meeting- of your Society, and we feel that a great compliment has been paid to the Province of Ontario, and especially to the city of Toronto, in the holding- of your seventh annual meeting in our city. I assure you that we are delighted to haA^e you among us. This is, probably, the first A'isit to Canada for some of tlie ladies and gentlemen now here, and I hope they will carry aAvay with them pleas- ant reminiscences of the Dominion and its inliabitants. I regret to confess my inability to convey to you any specific infor- mation about the profession in which you are engaged, or about the progress of horticulture in Canada, but I am buttressed on the platform by the gentleman (Mr. Alderman Score) who is the chairman of the Gardens and Parks Committee, and who takes a deep interest in horti- culture, and by a member of our committee, whose name may be fa- miliar to some of you, I refer to Mr. Alderman Hallam, whom we look upon as the greatest living- horticulturist. I reinemljer that, two years ago, in London, Eng., I met my friend Hallam. and he took me on a trip to the Kew Gardens ; and I do not think, ladies and gentlemen, that I exaggerate when I say that he named to me some twelve or fifteen thousand different plants and trees that were growing there. [Merri- ment and applause.] AVe have also Avith us another member of our Council, Mr. Alderman Leslie, whose father is, 1 tliink, the pioneer nurserjnnan of the ProA-ince of Ontario. We esteem and honor these gentlemen, our fellow-citizens appreciate their eflforts, and haA'^e elected them to occupy positions in our Council. I am sure, ladies and gentle- men, it would be more profitable to you to listen to these gentlemen, who knoAV something- about your business, than it Avould be to listen to me. I AA'ill not take up your time, as the members of our committee feel desirous of sajdng.a few words to you, but I should feel disap- pointed if in any waj^ wanting on my own part in assuring you that you are right royally welcome to Toronto. I join Avith the Chairman in ex- pressing the hope that your Aasit may be an agreeable and a profitable one, and that the objects of your Society may be promoted by it. Again I welcome you to Toronto, and trust that your stay Avill be iileasant and profitable to you all. Mr. Alderman E. K. Score, chairman of the Gardens and Parks Committee of the City Council, was then introduced. He said that the allusion to liimself wliich the Mayor had seen fit to make had rather amused liim, in Aiew of the fact that he was a noA'ice in horticulture, though he was an ardent admirer of it. He continued: — Three months ago, when your committee representing the American Society came here and I had the pleasure of si^ending an evening Avith SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7 them, I promised them that, if their hundreds of members came to To- ronto, we would give them a hearty welcome, and that, while they stayed -with us, we would hind and blend together the Stars and Sti'ipes and tlie British flag that had braved a thousand years. I point you now to wliat you may see in tliis hall as an evidence that, in one respect, my promise has been made good by the committee in charge here. Let me improve tliis opportunity to say to you that when Mr. J. D. Raynolds, of Cliicago, at your meeting in Boston last year, moved that your Convention meet here, he displayed, in my judgment, very good common-sense. Various reasons occur to me in support of my state- ment, and I yv\\\ enumerate some of them. They are these: first, that it is very agi-eeable and pleasant to us to meet our American fi-iends fi'om over the line ; second, that we should see more of each other than we do, and that our conventions and associations of all kinds should be made a means to this end; third, that Toronto is beautifully situated, is convenient of access, and aftbrds a visiting place for you in which we may become better acquainted with each other. Allow me here, Mr. President, to congratulate you on your gi-and National Society. The truth of the old sa\-ing that "in union there is strength*' has been ])roven by the rapid strides you have made in the art of cultivating flowers and plants. AVe cannot show you here such great flower markets as you have in Boston or Cliicago, for we know that your florists are unsurpassed for intelligence and taste, but we can assure you that we are growing, year by year, on the same lines that you have so successfully put before us in large cities. Do not fail to visit our parks, as I am sure you will not, and you will see what we have done in tills great work of art. I am sure that you will agree with me when I say that in Canada, as well ;as in America, the taste for flowers, combined with skill in their cultivation, is growing rapidly; and I hope that your societies and our own will make flowers one of the necessaries of the rich and the poor alike, and that the day is not far distant when Ave shall see flowers and plants in all our public squares and parks, in every city through- out our Dominion. Ladies and gentlemen, in extending to you a hearty welcome to Toronto, the Queen City of our fair Dominion, I venture to assure you, fi"om what I see before me, that of the many associations and conven- tions that have visited our city, your own is certainly entitled to the distinction of being "the flower of the flock. "' [Applause.] In introducing the next speaker. Chairman Chambers remarked that the gentleman was not a florist or horticulturist, but an official whose duties could not well be enumerated in a few words. He added that, if 8 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, any of the ladies should happen to lose their way in the city, they would only need to inquire for Alderman Orr, when they would receive all the facilities they desired. Mr. Alderman J. O. Orr, upon being presented, said that he could but reiterate the remarks of the Mayor in extending- to the delegates a hearty welcome, and also the remarks of the Chairman to the effect that the visitors would find a guide to the city of Toronto if they would apply to the Reception Committee, who, he hadno doubt, would do all they could to make the stay of the American florists as pleasant as possible. He continued: — I do not know that we could have any visitors whom we are more pleased to entertain than our American cousins. We consider that the flag that floats over the Dominion and the flag that represents the American part of this continent should be placed side by side, as they are the two flags that carry liberty and civilization throughout the entire world. [Applause.] I am pleased to see, by the number of them here to-day, that so many ladies take an interest in floriculture. If there is one tiling more than another to which that industry is indebted for success, it is the in- terest in it which is manifested by the ladies. I rejoice to see so many of them here, and trust they Mill enjoy themselves equally with the gentlemen during their stay in this city Alderman Orr, in conclusion, called attention to a programme for the entertainment of the visitors, which had been prepared Ijy the Reception Committee of the City Councils in conjunction with the Reception Committee of the Florists' Club of Toronto. He hoped the delegates would a\ail themselves of the entertainments that had been prei)ared for them, and again expressed his pleasure and that of the people of Toronto in greeting the Convention. Mr. Alderman John Halla3I was here introduced by Chairman Chambers as "one of our most successful amateur horticulturists, or, if not the most successful, the most enthusiastic. [Applause.] Alderman HLaxlam responded with a humorous allusion to the in- troduction given him as "a grand set-off," and one wliich he did not know whether to appreciate or not. He continued : — There is one statement made by his Worship the Mayor, which I want to correct. I must tell you that he has drawn upon his imagina- tion for the "twelve or fifteen thousand plants" named by me in the Kew Gardens. I have not the slightest doubt that there are twelve or fifteen thousand varieties of j)lants in that grand garden, but to say that SOCIETY OF AJMERICAN FLOKISTS. V I would know one tenth of the names of them is to claim for me an impossibility. HoweA-er, my object in indncing- his Worsliip the Mayor to g-o to that garden was tliis. He was not a very enthusiastic lover of flowers, at least when considering the cost of them fi'om a corpoi-ation point of view, and I wanted to show to him, as well as to others, what had been done from a national standpoint, and what could be done in tliis gi-and city of ours, provided we had a liberal corporation that would appropriate a little of the taxes for the advancement of horticul- ture and for beaiitifj-ing- our public parks. That was the object I had; I thought I could convert his AVorsliip on that line. Subsequently I was repaid a little for my trouble, but I will leave to you to g-uess how far his remark is correct when he says I told him the names of •• twelve or fifteen thousand plants." I think that the nomenclature of plants is, of all tilings, the most incomprehensible to me ; and if I were to begin to repeat some of the names, I would need a dictionary bigger than my- self. [Merriment.] However. I have much ploasure, as a citizen and as one of the people's representatives in Councils, in welcoming you to this city of ours. "We are a little ambitious here ; we think there is no city on the face of the earth that can compare with Toronto ; and I hope that be- fore you leave us, we will induce you to tliink as Ave do. [Applause.] And I want you. Avhen you go back to your wives, your sAA'ecthearts, your relations, and to the ncAVspapers, to tell them, and through them the people of the United States, that we do not live in tlie backwoods, that we are not clad in beai''s-cloth furs and eA'erything of that kind, but that we haA'e a grand country, a fine climate, and just such a climate, understand, as will giA'c us good men and Avomon to represent the good old Anglo-Saxon stock. Any of you Avho have read the history of England haA'e observed that, in the ancient times, the Anglo-Saxon stock in its ascendency loA'ed flowers. It always had a sympathy Avith flowers. It has flower lore. I am not going to inflict a si)eech upon you on that line, but I could tell you anecdote upon anecdote of super- stitions and proA'erbs connected Avith that subject, that might amuse you. I Avelcome you here as horticulturists. I think you are entitled to rank first among national organizations. You beautifj' everything that comes under your hand. I have perfect sjnnpathy Avith the objects you are meeting here to promote. It is right that you should have a Con- A'ention; it is right that it should be international; and I hope that this Avill not be the last CouAention of the kind held in the city of Toi'onto for the objects you have in A'iew. [Applause.] Horticulture in the city of Toronto, in my time, has made wonder- ful progress. I am not going to detain you on that line, because others here, Avho haA'e been practically engaged in the business, can tell you 10 PROCEEDIN had charge, but that they all found their Avay out agrain, and none of them remained with him. [Merriment.] He invited his hearers, especially the ladies, to visit and inspect the insti- tution. He explained that he was not a florist, and that he had been unable to recollect the names of plants to wldch Ms attention was called by Adsitors in the greenhouses of the institution, but he did feel a pride in the efforts of the citizens of Toronto to beautify their city. lieferring- to these efforts as of comparatively recent date, ]Mi\ Massie said that the adornment of the public squares and institutions had been begT.in witliin a very few years ; that only within the last ten years had any eflfort been put forth to beautify the City Park : and that for this Toronto was very largely, wholly indeed, indebted to President Chambers of the Florists' Club. He said he Avas mindful of the assist- 12 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, ance rendered by Ids esteemed friend. Alderman Hallam, in taking- the Mayor of Toronto to the Kew Gardens and showing- him what had been done there, as the beneticial eftects of that visit had been demon- strated. To President Chambers, however, more than to any other man, was due the credit of the successful eftbrts to beautif)^ the city. To tliat gentleman the city was also indebted for the presence of the American Florists to-day. Tlie speaker further said that he looked forward to excellent results fi'om the presence of the Convention. lie suggested that the visits of the florists to the ornamented grounds and other public places of the city, in whicli flowers and plants were displayed, would have the effect of encouraging' and stimulating- the citizens of Toronto to further beautify the city by similar displays. Thus, not only would their visit be pleasant and beneticial to themselves. l)ut Uie visitors, by expressing" their opinions upon Avhat had been accomplished in the decoration and ornamentation of the city, would leave protttal)]e impressions which could eventually be utilized in the further beautifying of the city. Mr. Massie then extended an urgent invitation to his hearers to visit the Central Prison, adding- that he would not detain them, as he presumed they all had certificates of character. [Merriment.] He trusted that they would revisit Toronto, in the future, to note the progress and results of the efforts being- made in floriculture. [Ap- plause.] Judg:e C. W. IIoiTT, of Nashua, N". H., on behalf of the Society of American Florists, made the response to the addresses of welcome. He said: — Mr. President, Mr. Mayor, and Aldermen. Ladies, and Grentlemen: It becomes my duty and pleasure, in behalf of the Society here as- sembled, to accept the hospitalities so generously tendered us. It is a duty, because as such spokesman I am called upon to voice the senti- ments of the " strang-ers witliin your gates," and to assui'e you, sirs, that the Society fully appreciates the great honor conferred upon it as a whole, and upon the members indiA idually, in being- so gracefully and cordially received in your beautiful city. I esteem it an honor that I was selected by our President to represent a Society wiiich cannot be characterized, in the lang-uage of Burke, as "still, as it were, but in their gristle and not yet hardened into the bone of manhood," but an organization of more than eleven hundred members, residents of forty States, of the three leading- provinces of British America, and of England, Ireland, and France. To occupy such a position, I long-, like BjTon, for a speech " of forty parson power" ; but that being denied me, I wall proceed as best I may. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13 It is the flrst time in the liistory of the Society that it has convened outside the limits of the United States. How fitting that your charm- ing' city was chosen ! The name itself is a synonjiiie for hospitality ; for in the poetic Indian tongue fi'om wliich it is derived, "Toronto" signifies the " place of meeting" ; and in the days long ago, the beauti- ful site on the lake shore was selected as the rendezvous of the great tribes when called to deliberate on matters of their common welfare. Thus at an early period its natural beauties and advantages were apijreciated, and time has but added to its charms. TMs may offer an explanation of the liberal hospitality tendered us here to-day. From the beginning, the good people were accustomed to it. The city itself, from its location and surroundings, offers most extraordinary facilities for such courtesies. It is easily accessible by rail or water, having six or more railways converging from difl'erent points of the compass ; a fine harbor, to which steamers come fi'om all the principal cities on the lakes and the St. Lawrence ; with a people thorouglily alive to its advantages and natural surroundings; " framed," as Gloster says, "in all the prodigality of nature."' Is it any wonder that a city with such a combination has made the wonderful growth attributed to it? In 1813, we are told, the population was but foiu" hundred and fifty-six. In 1885 it was one hundred and twenty thou- sand, while now the returns show more than two hundi-ed and twenty thousand inhabitants. In assessed valuation, in a period of eight years alone, it showed a gain of forty-eight per centum ; the people meau- wliile keeping pace in all the branches ; so that to-day it is the religious, educational, political, literary, legal, and commercial centre of the most populous province of the Dominion. AYell may its citizens be proud to occupy such a position in a country which has been styled '- the princi- pal gem of the girdle of precious stones encircling the waist of Bri- tannia." Most truly may they boast of a province wliich by the mother country is so esteemed ; to which is given the greatest latitude in self- government, and in the management of its own affairs ; a country of enterprise and progress. And though we from the States consider our- selves as lively, progressive, and aggressive, yet we find ourselves not a little taxed in all our modern ideas and thoughts to even keep abreast of you. But a few short months ago there dwelt among you a leader whose ability, tact, good judgment, and loyalty marked him as one of the greatest statesmen of modern times ; to whose suggestions and advice your Queen listened with respectful admii-ation ; one to whom Canada lovingly and loyally paid her grateful tribute; and when over the wires was flashed the news that he had gone to Iris reward, all Christen- dom testified with tender condolences to the worth of "this great, 14 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, good man." Of such a country, of such prosperity, of such 7)ie)K this fair land may well be proud. [Applause.] The horticultural portion has especial reason to conj^ratulate itself upon belonjiing" to a nation whose mother country has done so much for the advancement of tliis branch. To an Englishman. AVilliam Kent, we are indebted for the modern style of gardening, ditTering' mate- rially from the Dutch and the Italian styles. Horace Walpole spoke of liim as "an original, the inventor of an art that realizes painting and improves nature. jNIahomet imagined an Ellysian ; Kent created many." The style of gardening then introduced by liim in the eighteenth cen- tury was quickly copied by other nations, and extended all over Europe. He was followed by other British artists, and the lead then secured has been maintained to the i)resent time. Again, the London Horticultural Society, formed through the efibrts of Sir Joseph Banks and two others, obtained its charter in 1808, and nine years later was the first to establish an Experimental Garden. From tliis other societies sprung up. until now similar organizations are found in all the leading Euroix-an cities; in fact, in Great Bntaiu and Ireland alone there are to-day three hundred and fifteen botanical, horticultural, and floral societies. England has produced such botanists as Hooker, Lindley, and Ben- tham; such hybridizers as Dominy, Bennett, and AVaterer; such plants- men as Yeitch, AVilliams, and Low: such growers as Molyneux, Turner, and Laing; and a host of others in each of the above classes, who are a source of pride not only to their own country but to the world. [Applause.] Such a fatherland have you; to such did our own honored and revered statesman, Daniel Webster, a native of my own little State, refer, in a memorable speech in May. 1834, when he said, '< A power with which, for purposes of foreign conquest and subjugation. Home, in the height of her glory, is not to be compared; a power wliich has dotted over the surface of the whole globe with her possessions and military posts, whose morning drum-beat, following the sun and keep- ing company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." Such is the mother country; such is the leading daughter of that parent land; such is the leading city of one of the principal pl■o^dnces thereof. To be in such a city, to be so cordially received by tliis people, to be privileged to assemble here for carrying out the purposes of our Con- vention, is assuredly most flattering and advantageous to us ; and wliile, before coming, we looked forward to our advent here as one into a foreign land, yet we now appreciate the fact that we were separated by imaginary lines alone, and that we are come to visit, not only our SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15 fi'iends, but those of our own '* kith and kin," and to more closely cement the common bonds which unite us. We most heartily accept your Iiospitalities, and tender you our grateful thanks. Judge Hoitt's response was enthusiastically applauded. THE president's ADDRESS. At this point, Chairman Chambers having retired, President M. H. Norton assumed the duties of the Chair and delivered his address to the Society. He said : — Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Society of American Florists : For the first time in the liistorj' of this Society, by the kind invitation of the Toronto Gardeners' and Florists' Club, we meet out- side the limits of the United States ; and I assure you it is a pleasant duty for me to preside in accordance with your choice, to open the business part of the Convention in tliis beautiful and thrifty city. Our meetings are for tlie puri^ose of ])romoting and advancing the interests of our members; witli that end in view wc convene to delib- erate and glean knowledge that Avill be of interest and value to us. It is very gratifying to be able to state that our membersliip is still increasing, that we have more money in the treasury than at any time since tlie organization of the Society, seven years ago: that the several committees have attended to their duties earnestly and promptly with very satisfactory results, wliich Avill appear in their reports during the session. The (Committee on Nomenclature, composed as it is of the most able and intelligent of our members, has already exerted a salutary influence, and cannot help being a great benefit to the cause of hoi-ticulture generally. The very existence of this committee has a healthy eftect, and it is a constant reminder to evil-doers that the Society has its eye on them. Let the good work go on until every purchaser can feel sure of receiving what he orders, and that whatever he buys, let it be seeds or plants, will prove to be just what the description or the illustration reiH'esents it to be. In the Avay of recommendations to the Society, I find it ditficult to say anj-thing that is new or to find any ground that has not been pretty tlioroughly gone over by such able and intelligent predecessors as Thorpe, Craig, Hill, May, and Jordan, who, l^ogether with many others whose names are prominent in tliis Society, have said and written so much that is valuable and useful to us. To the young man with visions of future prosperity, who aims to become a successful gardener or florist, I would say, do not forget that it is not so much the opportunities as the use made of them that tells in 16 PROCEKDIKGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, the end. Good honest toil during working hours, together with that intelligence wliich can only be obtained by study during leisure, will give you the reputation of being faitliful and industrious. Wliile I believe recreation after Avorking hours to be necessary and desirable, yet to devote every evening during the week to pleasure is a neglect of opportunities which is sure to be felt in after years, and Avill do much to blight the hopes of ambitious young men. Constant Avork without intelligence may become a burden, but with it work will be turned into pleasure and profit. A proper use of opportunities — and many will present themselves — will certainly bring a reward in later years; for when he enters business for himself, he will have that pi-actical experience combined witli good common-sense wliich will save him from many annoying mistakes and discouraging failures, and in addition to pecuniary success he will also have that respect which is only accorded to men of refine- ment and education. I would say to the beginner as a florist, in the first place to make his business a success a man must be bright and active, and smart enough to succeed in any business in which he might take an interest; he nuist also have a love for his business. The tendency now is to grow specialties. Some take to roses and a very few varieties ; others to carnations and violets ; others to bulbs and chrysanthenuuns ; and many to bedding, stove, and greenhouse plants. The first thing to be done is to decide on Avhat you Avish to make a specialty of, for. as a rule, the gi-eatest success is attained by liaAdng one principal money crop. Then choose a good location, Avhere the soil is best adapted for the particular plants you vrish to grow. Be sure and locate near a railroad station or Avithin easy access to the nearest market, then erect such houses as are best fitted for the plants you take a live interest in. That florist aa^U succeed best who AAall take the greatest care in preparing his flowers for the market, culling out and throAving away the poor ones. Far too many of the ordinaiy or inferior class of floAvers are gTown. There has been, however, a w^onderful improvement in the ciuality, more especially with roses, chi-ysanthemums, and carnations. Wlio would have thought a few years ago that those flowers would sell for such high prices as they brought the past season? It only shows that the public are Avilling to pay for a good article, and the florist who makes quality rather than quantity his first consideration will always have a ready market Avith satisfactory prices. The wholesale men Avill have no trouble in dis- posing of such stock, and will be able to make good returns to the producer, instead of being obliged to consign it to the ash barrel and the dump, as is frequently done with the poorer quality. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOKISTS. 17 With the retailers it is a pleasure and a satisfaction to handle first- class flowers; although they are generally very modest persons, yet with this class of stock they can stand up and face their customers and dena^ind a price without a blush, and they will be sure to get it. Florists in general are to be congratulated upon the great advances made in the arrangement of cut flowers. The loose, natural way of putting them together, with their long stems and beautiful foliage, with an eye to harmony of color and artistic effect, and the custom of using one or two colors only in each design, is a long step in the I'ight direc- tion, and a vast improvement over the style of a few years ago, where match-sticks, broom corn, tootlipicks. and wire were supposed to be indispensable factors in making up designs, and an endless variety of flowers of all colors were packed stiffly together into what was wrongly called artistic work. A successful florist always keeps his eyes open and is on the look- out for any new and rare things iu his line coming on the market, not waiting two or three years and allowing liis competitors to get ahead of him. He tries to avoid everytliing that will draw liis attention from Ids business, for his whole soul is in it. Above all, he will avoid all small mean jealousies, and endeavor to live on friendly business relations Avith his neighbors. Honorable competition is commendable at all times. This Society has done much to do away ^ith senseless jealousies and bad feeling in the trade. The local clubs are doing a good work in the same direction, and those who have not a clul) in their city or town already should organize one right away. Fref|uent meetings with your neighbors in a business or in a social way cannot result otherwise than in a mutual benefit. We should not forget the ladies. I Avould recommend they be given the opijortunitj^ to enter the business. More especially in the retail stores will they be found very useful, not only as book-keepers and cashiers, but in waiting on custonu'rs and iu putting up orders. Their correct taste and their aptitude for recognizing the beautiful in form and color will make their services desirable as artists and designers, where harmony of color is so essential. There are many women to-day throughout the country that are doing a profitable business on their own account, and there is room tor many more in an occupation which is so apijropriate and pleasant, and for wliich they are so admirably fitted in refinement and taste. I believe we should as a Society encourage public exhibitions of plants and flowers. There is no better method of advertising for the trade than by displaWng our productions at such exhibitions. It educates the public taste, and tliis creates a demand for our goods. It 18 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, is a good sig'ii to see the coiiiineroial florists waking- up to the advan- tages ottered by such means for increasing their business. In the i)ast, hortifuUural exliibitions liave been supported mainly by contributions from private collections, but in recent years much creditable w.Oflik in tliis line has come from the hands of our connnercial growers. As the "World's Columbian Exhibition is to be held at Chicago in 1898, and the time for preparation is short, it is urgent that we should make some move in the mattei-. if we want to make our influence felt at that great and important event. I believe we should as a Society do all in our pov.'er to assist and encourage the directory, and to insui'e the completion of a horticultural exhibition siu'h as the world has never seen. Now that the business of the (Convention is open, I hope the mem- bers will attend every session until its close, as there will be plenty of time l)etween sessions for sight-seeing and entertainments now that we meet but twice each day. TJiere are many valuable and interesting ])apers to be read and dis- cussed, essays which have been prepared with nuicii tliought and attention. I hope the members will take part generally, expressing their views, and not hesitating to ask questions of the essayists. In tlial way a great amount of valuable infornuition may be gained. And I hoi)e tiiat if any of the membei-s here have succeeded in develoi)ing anytliing of real merit in methods of growing plants, construction or heating greenhouses, or any improvements in any way connected with the business, they will be gfenerous enough to make it known, for we are all here to learn, and a discussion will be of mutual advantage. I cannot close witliout thanking the Executive Committee, also the Secretary, for their support and kind assistance whenever it was desired; they have performed tlieir duties cheei'fully and well; also to every member, for wherever I have been, on either side of the line, I have met ^ith nothing but kindly greetings, and the hand of friendsliip and brotherly love has always been extended to me. Although we are on what is to most of us foreign soil, yet Ave find the fraternal ties that bind us together as horticulturists and as florists stronger than any political bonds. The kindness received by your Executive Committee at the hands of our Toronto brethren last winter is not forgotten, and the liearty words of welcome we have just listened to are a proof to us that we are in the hands of our fi-iends. Thanks to a merciful Providence, the death rate has been light since our last meeting, and let us pray it may long continue that we may all be able to attend many Conventions in the future, and continue to meet the same old familiar faces, and exchange annually our hearty greetr- ings; and may the Society of American Florists long continue to pros- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19 per and make itself a power in the interests of tioriculture, the material and social advancement and the mental uplifting of the fraternity. The address was warmly applauded. On motion of Mr. J. M. Jordan, of St. Louis, Mo., the remainder of the progTamme of the morning- session was postponed until evening, to which time the Society. adjourned. FIRST DAY — EVENING. The Convention was called to order at 8. .30 o'clock, p. m. ; President M. JI. Norton in the Chair. REPORTS OF THE SECRETARY ANT) TREASURER. Secretary William J. Stewart being called upon, presented and read liis annual report, as follows : — Mr. President, and Members of the Society of American Florists : While it is true that no specially new or striking undertaking adorns our past year's history, yet it is gratifjing to be able to report that we have been making steady progress as a Society, and that much has been accomplished, quietly but thoroughly, towards the internal building up and solidifying of the organization, so that we now lind ourselves financially and numerically stronger than ever before, and well pre- pared to prosecute our work in new directions. The net gain in membership has been large, and this, in itself, is one sure indication of jji-ospcrity. The funds in the treasury liave been steadily accumulating, and competent committees have been at work perfecting plans whereby tliis very necessary part of our equip- ment may be still further strengthened and increased. The two lesser societies which have been fostered wdtliin our organ- ization, the Florists' Hail Association of America, and the Florists' Protective Association, are both prosperous and self-supporting. It seemed to the Executive Committee that the request of these associa- tions for more time and better facilities for their annual meetings than has been allotted to them in the past should be granted, and therefore one of our regular sessions — that of Wednesday evening — has been dropped, and the time given up to these bodies. The most important undertaking now on our hands is the work of the Committee on Nomenclature. Comparatively few members of the Society have any idea of the great responsibility entailed upon this committee, or the vast "amount of faithful and earnest work wliich has been so conscientiously done by the chairman, Mr. William Falconer, to whom tliis Society is under lasting obligations. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Many of the State Vice-Presidents have shown a commendable readiness to do what they could to advance the Society's welfare. There are some of these State Vice-Presidents, however, every year, who are not inclined to do any work "^viiatever in the interest of the Society. The i-emedy lies with the State delegations, who should be careful to elect for the office of Vice-President only those who can be depended ui)on to represent their State creditably. The number of members Avho paid assessments for the year 1889 was 827; for 1890, 926. The number of lapses in 1889 fi-om the membersliip of 1888 was 282. The lapses in 1890 from the member- ship of 1889 were only 142. From Jan. 1, 1891. up to Auf;:. 10 there have been added to the roll sixty-two new names. The number of new members during" that period is considerably in excess of former years. A most interest- ing fact, in tliis connection, is the widely extended tenutory from which the accessions have come. There was one each from Indiana, Micli- igan, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, "West Virginia, and District of Columbia; two each from Alabama, California, and Connecticut; three each from Kentucky and AYisconsin; twelve from Pennsylvania; and tliir- teen each from New York and Massachusetts. As these new members have come in A^ithout any unusual solicita- tion, we cannot but interpret the signs as indicating that we are making good headway as a national institution. Just now we are harvesting in a field wliich has been liitherto scarcely touched, and no doubt the accessions to our ranks from Canada will be large. The report of the Boston meeting contained 140 pages. Copies were mailed to all members entitled to receive the same ; also gi'atu- itously to most of the leading horticultural journals in this country and abroad, and to various horticultural societies and florists' clubs. The Executive Committee held its regular midwinter meeting at Toronto. Besides the work of preparing a })rogramme and attending to other details connected with tliis Convention, there were many matters of vital interest discussed, I'eports and suggestions regarding- wliich will be presented here in due time. Each year seems to add to the difficulties encountered in obtaining satisfactory rates of fare on the railroad. The rules of certain passen- ger committees, wliich were already over-stringent, have this year been doubled in severity. However, as we get fully as good, if not better terms than other bodies of similar size, it is not probable that any agitation of the matter would be of benefit to us. The only death reported during the past year was one, — a phenom- enally low death rate for a Society as large as ours. Fred Schlegel, of Rochester, N. Y., died on May 15, 1891. He had been State Vice- President for AYestern New York in 1889. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21 In conclusion, your Secretary takes tliis opportunity to acknowledge ^■atefully his obligation to the otficers of the Society and the members in general for their kind support and willing assistance during the year that is past. Toronto, Ont., Aug. 18, 1891. On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, of Xew Rochelle, N. Y., the rei^ort was approved as read, without objection. Mr. Myron A. Hunt, Treasurer of the Society, being called upon, presented and read his report. It was as follows : — Receipts from Aug. 15, 1890, to July 1, 1891. Balance on hand .... Membersliip fees .... Total receipts .... Nomenclature Committee . . . , Kepresentative to Cliicago, in the interest o ticulture in connection Avith the AVorld's Representative to "Washington, to look tariff' interests .... Badges for 1890 .... Floral tribute to Peter Henderson Stenographer ..... Abram French & Co., silverware Designing and printing certificates Working drawings, standard flower-pots ^secretary's salary to Jan. 1, 1891 ^Secretary's assistant at Boston meeting Floral tribute to ]\[rs. F. B. Hayes . Miscellaneous printing- Printing of reports .... Ex^jress, stationery, postage, etc. Executive Committee meeting in January Secretary's salary to July 1, 1891 Total expenditures . Xeaving a balance in the hands of the Treasurer, July 1, 1891, $1,028.55 Examined and approved. M. H. Norton, John Chambers, P. Welch, Members of Executive Committee. On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, the report was a])proved as read, without objection. , , $554.87 2,792.00 *^ S'Ifi 87 " * )0, to Juli/ i, 1891. , $95.15 f hor- Fair . 98.20 aftei 24.50 42.00 20.00 130.00 90.50 95.00 25.00 338.33 25.00 20.00 168.33 307.95 135.55 327.81 375.00 O QIC QO • —,Oi0.c»ii 22 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, COMMITTEES. The President called for reports from standing- and special com- mittees, but no response to the call Avas made. Secretary Stewart explained, by request of Chairman Falconer, of the Committee on Nomenclature, that some important papers connected with the report of that committee, wliich had been sent fi'om New York by registered mail, had not arrived, but would doubtless be received in the morning. The report of the committee would necessarily be de- ferred until their arrival. Secretary Stewart here announced the Committees on Awards on Exhibits ; the first name of each being that of the chairman, viz. : — On Boilers and Greenhouse Construction. — W. H. Elliott, F. G. Foster, John Burton, Henry Dale, Edwin A Seidewitz. On Bulbs and Seeds. — Ernst Asmus, I. Forstermann, J. M. Gasser. On Plants. — John Thorpe, John F. Cowell, Samuel Goldring, F. L. Harris, F. L. Temple. On Cut Floavers. — "\Vm. K. Harris, Wm. W. Edgar, Henry Young, Jno. H. Dunlop. On Florists" Supplies. — Rout. Kift, P. AYelcii, C. J. Tidy, Chas. L. Dole, J. A. Peterson. horticulture at the avorld's fair. The President, when the order of miscellaneous business had been reached, announced the presence of Mr. James Allison, acting chief of the Department of Horticulture at the AVorld's Columbian Exposition to be held in Cliicago in 1893, and introduced that gentleman to the Society. Mr. Allison came forward and said: — Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen ; As I presume that my creden- tials would be in order, I beg leaA^e to present them at tliis time. They will relieve me of the embarrassment under Avhich I might otherwise labor, and are embi'aced in the following letter: — Office of the Director General, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, III., U. S. A., Aug. 17, 1891. Mr. Jas. Allison, Acting Chief of Horticulture, World's Columbian Exi^osition. Dear Sir, — You will please proceed, without delay, to Toronto, to attend the International CouA'ention of American Florists, to be held in that city on the 19th inst. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23 Tliere is u request made by the officers that some one connected with the management should be there to give the members of the Convention an idea of tlie buildings, the conditions of the department, etc., at the present time. You will take such maps, charts, and literature as we have on hand, and inform yourself as well as the time will permit on the situation, in order that you may be able to properly represent the department before the Society of American Florists. Yours very truly, Geo. II. Davis, Director General. In accordance with these instructions, I am here to carry out. as far as my ability will serve, the very best interests of tliis important de- partment. I shall have to ask your indulgence for any shoi't comings on my i)art, as up to the date of receiving the letter I had no knowledge of such action by the "World's Fair managers. Fortunately for me and for your Society as well, I am not commanded to deliver a lecture upon horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, or anything pertaining to these subjects, so that I shall not be obliged to tax myself or weary you by telling you what I do or do not know about these and kindred su])jects, which Avould make quite a large and interesting volume: but you will tind me a readv and attentive listener at all times. Having been com- missioned by Director-General Davis to be present at this meeting and by my presence to assure you of his own personal regard and the inter- est he has in the great work in which you are engaged, and to enlist your hearty co-operation in making one of the grandest exhibits in this department ever given this side of Paradise itself, I tender you the compliments of the World's Columbian managers, together with their best wishes for a successful meeting. In any manner as suggested that I may be able to serve you, I am at yoiu' command. It nuiy be proper for me to state that the temporary assignment to me of this department is in addition to my regular work, that of chief of the Department of Manufactures, and in which I am very busily engaged. Perhaps the Director General may have thought that I Avas not sufficiently emi)loyed in exploiting the department that is to occupy a building covering an area of thirty acres and upwards, and to be tilled with the veiy choicest exhibits, embracing every class and variety of manufactured products. However that may be, I assure you that the Department of Horticulture shall not sutler in my hands, if I can have your able assistance and very desirable support. It may not be out of place for me at this time to give you an out- line of the general plans, scope, and character of this great work in 24 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, general. The buiklings and gTOunds embraced in tliis gioantic under- taking cover an area of betAveen 600 and 700 acres, and for natural eftect and beauty it is safe to say are unsurpassed in this or any other country. The grounds are in the hands of competent landscape artists, and the foundations of many of the buildings have been laid and the structures are rising upon them. The grounds occupy the improved and the unimproved ])ortions of Jackson Park, on Lake Michigan; con- nected on the west side with a brojul avenue known as ''Midway Plaisance,"some 300 feet in Avidth and one and a half miles in length, Avith an entrance into the South (or Washington) Park. It is designed to skirt this beautiful aA^enue or boulevard, on either side, by the '•Congress of Nations" for the entire distance. In addition to the progressiA'e ideas of transportation back and forth as shown through tliis aA^eiwe and the Fair grounds ])roper, the original methods of loco- motion and transportation as used by the natiA'es will be seen in all their primitive glory. The buildings will be dedicated Oct. 12, 1892. The Exposition is intended to be opened May 1, 1893, and will run for a period of six months. It is proposed to build a grand pier and Casino aAvay out in the lake. From this jjoint, let us take a bird's-eye Anew of the panorama of the AVorld's Fair and the great Colum])ian Exposition buildings, before the exhibits and the people come to dis- tract our A'icAV and study. First, the Administration Building, the Exjjosition headquarters in fact, rises diiirctly in front of us. This building is the gem of all the arcliitectural jewels of the Exposition. It will cost $650,000, and will cover a space 250 feet square, and occupy the most commanding position on the grounds. It Avill consist of four paAilions 84 feet square, one at each of the four angles of the plan, and all connected by a groat central dome 120 feet in diameter and 250 feet high. In the centre of each facade is a recess 93 feet Avide, Avithin Avliich is a grand entrance to the building. A comparison of this may be had by referring to the height of the spire of St. James Cathedral in tliis city, which I am informed is about 40 feet liigher. . Mr. Allison then gave a detailed description of the external archi- tectural embellishments and interior decorations of the Administration Building, and then proceeded as follows: — Next, on the left, looking from the Casino, will be the Agricultural and Macliinery Halls, the former on the lake. With the exception of the Administration Building, the Agn-icultural Building Avill be the most magnificent structure on the grounds. In size it AAall be 800 by 500 feet, and seA'^erely classic in style. It Avill be almost entirely sur- rounded by artificial lagoons. The features of tliis building are its five j)aAilions, one at each corner and one in the centre. The corner SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS. 26 pavilions are 64 by 48 feet square; the grand entrance on the north, sixty feet Avide, leading into a vestibule thirty feet deep and sixty feet wide. At the entrance appear Corinthian columns tive feet in diameter and forty feet hig-h. Beyond these massive columns is the rotunda, 100 feet in diameter, surmounted by a glass dome 130 feet high. There are eight inner entrances thirty feet wide. The roof will be principally of glass. Kight over tliis building you will obsei've the cupolas and spires of the palace that is to be devoted to the exhibition of the possibilities in electricity. It covers a space of 700 by 350 feet, or more than tive and a half acres. The style is the Italian renaissance. It is 60 feet high and ornamented with designs suggestive of the department. Mr. Allison then proceeded to give an interesting description of the magnitude and beauty of the various proposed buildings devoted to the Departments of Machinery, Electricity. Mining, Transportation, etc., and continued: — A little to the right of the Transportation Building you see the crystal dome of the Horticultural Building. This fairyland structure is immediately south of the entrance to Jackson Park from the Midway Plaisance, and faces east on the lagoon, where, of course, there are boat landings. It is 1,000 feet long, with an extreme width of 286 feet. The j^lan is a central pavilion with two end pavilions, each con- nected Avith the centre pavilion by front and rear curtains, forming two interior courts, each 88 by 270 feet. These courts are beautifully decorated in color. The central pavilion is roofed by a crystal dome 187 feet in diameter and 113 feet high, under which will be exhibited the tallest palms, bamboos, and tree ferns that can be procured. All the pavilions have galleries, those in the end pavilions being designed for caf6s, the situation and surroundings being particularly w ell adapted to recreation and refreshment. These caf^s will be surrounded by arcades on their sides, fi'ora which charming views can be had. The exterior is in stucco. The cost will be about $400,000. In addition to tliis building, about 200,000 square feet of ground have been assigned .for such jjurposes as may be required by the Horticultural Depart- ment. Immediately to our right is tlie building for manufactures and decorative arts. It is the largest building on the grounds, covering an area of upwards of tliii'ty acres, and is magniticent in outline and architectural conception, with large central dome feature. There are the United States Government Building, the AYoman's Pavilion, the Fish and Fisheries Building, and the Illinois State Building away over to the right : and probably here will be the nucleus for the State buildings. 26 I'KOCEEDINiiS OF SEVENTH CONVENTIOX, Tlie Fisheries Buikliiifr will be built on a banana-shaped island, and will be 1.100 feet by 200. The NaA^al Exhibit is to be somethino; extraordinary and unique. There are many other buildings yet to be designed, including- those for the several States as headquarters and the foreig:n gfovernnient buildingi's. I liave simply gniven you this glance, hurriedly prepared, so that you might be the better able to form some idea of what the World's Columbian Exposition is designed to be. and in which we invite you to take an active i)art. The building's alone are to form a striking feature and attraction in tliis great work, and are estimated to cost from $12,000,000 to $16,000,000. AVith these preliminaries. I am ready for business, and will be glad to confer with any committee you may nominate, and to give them any further information 1 may possess in the promotion of our nuitual interests. I have copies of the classifica- tion and sketches of the Horticultural Building- in my room at the hotel, and will be pleased to distribute them as far as they will go. If the Secretary w ill kindly furnish me with a list of your membei's, with their addresses, it will aftbrd me pleasure to mail all printed matter of interest to tlieni. A round of applause followed the address of Mr. Allison. Mr. KcujERT CuAiG, of Philadelphia, here presented and read the following- : — Besolved. That this Society extends its hearty thanks to Mr.^ Allison for lus pi'esence here to-night, and for the valuable informa- tion he has given us ; and that wc send to Director-General Davis our best wishes for the entire success of theAVorld's Columbian Exjiosition. [Applause.] Mr. John N. JSLvy, of Summit, N. J., seconded the resolution. A vote being taken, the resolution was adopted. Mr. J. C. A"au(;hax. of Cliicago. 111., moved to extend to Mr. Allison any tVu-ilities required by him for the display of charts, maps, and such other material as he may have for the purpose of dissemi- nating information in regard to the Exposition. Mr. Allison suggested that by attacliing the pictures and sket<"hes of the Fair building to the curtains along the sides of tlie hall, an ins])ection of them could be had by the members at their leisure. The President stated that permission would be given for an arrangement of the exliibits as indicated; Avhereupon Mr. Vaugluurs motion was withdrawn. (Note. — A display of the engravings and other exhibits was made during the remaining sessions of the Convention, and copies of them were distributed to the delegates.) SOCIETY OF A3IERICAX FLORISTS. 27 Subsequentlj' , on motion of Mr. Frank Huntsman, of Cincinnati, it was ordered, by vote, that a committee of tive or more members of the Society be appointed to confer witli Mr. Allison, on the following day, in regard to promoting the interests of floriculture at the World's Fair. The Chair was requested, by acclamation, to make the ap- pointments. The committee, as constituted by the Chair, was announced as follows: Messrs. J. C. Vauglian, Frank Huntsman, John X. May, Robert Craig, F, L. Harris, and J. M. Jordan. CHIEF OF floriculture AT AVORLD'S FAIR. At tliis point, Mr. James Dean, of Bay Ridge, N. Y., with the permission of the Chair, offering the following: — Whereas, Mr. John Thorpe, the father of tliis Society, has signitied his willingness to accept the office of Chief of Floriculture, at the World's Fair at Chicago ; be it liesolced. That the Society of American Florists gives to Mr. Thorpe a liearty indorsement as a practical florist thoroughly qualifled for the position, and one whose Avell-known worth and ability pre- eminently entitle him to recognition by the management of the AYorld's Columbian Exposition, [(xreat ai^plause.] Mr. John Ciiamhers, of Toronto, Can.: Mr. President, 1 have much pleasure in seconding the resolution now oflered ; and I may say, as a Canadian, that I only re-echo the sentiments of all the Florists' Clubs of the Dominion in heartily indorsing the claims of Mr. John Thorpe for tliis position. I know of no man who is more fitted by lifelong training and ex])erience to fill the position of Cliief of Floriculture than is Mr. Thorpe. We all know of liini in some way or other, and those of the profession who have not had the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with him have read of Mm. We feel, Mr. President, that if the Commissioners of the World's Columbian Fair will place Mr. Thorpe at the head of the Horticultural or Floricultural Department, their selection will be, to us, a guarantee that that department will be in safe hands. The President stated the question on the resolution. Mr. C. Scrim, of Ottawa, Can., here forwarded to the Chair, as an amendment, a recommendation for the office of Cliief of the Department of Horticulture ; but, upon the suggestion of gentlemen near him, withdrew it for the present. A vote being taken, the resolution oflered by Mr. Dean was adopted amid general applause. Mr. John Chambers : Mr. President, I now move that a copy of the resolution just adopted be forwarded promptly, and if possible this 28 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, evening-, to Col. Davis, Director General of the World's Columbian Exposition, at Chicago; and that the sentiment of the Convention, as indicated in the resolution, be expressed in tlie strongest possible language. The motion was adopted by a unanimous vote and A\ith applause, and later a copy of the above resolution was telegraphed to Director- General Davis. Mr. C. Scrim, of Ottawa, here moved that the Society indorse the appointment, by the IJoard of Control of the World's Fair, of Mr. J. M. Samuels, of Clinton, Ky., as Cliief of the Department of Horticulture. Mr. ScRi.M, in support of his motion, said that he had been an employee of Mr. Sanuiels; that he had known that gentleman for a munber of years, and had found him to be truly a gentleman. He said that Mr. Samuels was well informed in all the branches of horticulture, had travelled extensively, and would give entire satisfac- tion in the position named. He thought that a man could not be found in the present assemblage, or among American florists, who would be more capable of representing horticulture than the one he had named. Judge C. W. HoiTT, of Nashua, N. H. : Mr. President, I have only to say that I tliink the indorsement of this Society should mean something, and therefore should not be given without due con- sideration. I think that, before they undertake to indorse a man for an honorable and important i)Osition, the members of this Society should be thoroughly conversant with him and have actual personal knowledge of his qualilications for the position. Perhaps the qualitications of the gentleman now named are such as have been represented, but I confess that I am not aware of the fact. I would like to be enlightened in regard to it, and to have an opportunity to look into the matter for myself, so that I may vote understandingly upon it. Therefore, in order that this Society may not act in the dark, but may vote intelli- gently when it does vote upon the motion, I move that the matter be laid on the table. Several delegates seconded the motion of Mr. Hoitt, and it was adopted with but one dissenting voice. The next item of business being "Discussion of the President's Address,'- remarks were invited by Vice-President Chambers, who temporarily occupied the Chair. No response was made, and the Chairman remarked that tlie address had apparently given general satisfaction, as no member seemed disposed to criticise it. President Norton then resumed the Chair. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29 THE FUTURE OF FLORICULTURE. Tlie first essay on the programme, on "The Future of Floriculture in America," was here read by the author of it, Mr. W. A. Manda, of Short Hills, N. J. It was as follows: — To predict tlie future of anytliing' we must first investigate the past, and the best opportunity is aftbrded us by the late census taken under the direction of Mr, Robert P. Porter. These statistics are presented in Census Bulletin No. 59, which every florist ought to have, as it contains very interesting- data. Here we find that the first florist's establishment came into existence i!i the United States in the year 1800, and tliat only three more were started in the next two decades. In 1890 a total of 4,659 establishments were reported in the United States alone, eighty per cent of which number had come into existence dui'ing the past twenty-five years. These establishments have in use more than ;38,000,t»()O square feet of grlass, covering a space of 891 acres of ground, and their total value amounts to close on $40,000,000, wliile the annual sales of plants and flowers amounted to .$27,000,000 in 1890. These figures denote that our industry is second to none in the country. The Benefits of Floriculture. To the professional florist it furnishes an honorable and renuinera- tive business, through which thousands are employed, while to the amateur florist and flower fancier there can be nothing which will bring such a pleasure and joyful pastime as the cultivation of plants and flowers on either a small or a large scale. For floriculture is not a trade but a profession, branching into science on the one hand and art on the other, and is a calling of which any man can be proud. The standard of ability in floriculture is not always denoted by financial success. On the contrary, the ablest floriculturists of the past or present to whom the public owes tribute have rarely amassed any fortune, but have built lasting monuments to themselves in the repro- ductions of their lifelong labors. While not very encouraging, we must hope that the future floriculturist of this country will devote more of his time to Avork and researches that will benefit posterity. For could not a florist, who has six greenhouses filled with remunera- tive plants, have a seventh for a class of plants wliich he may favor, and which he might improve by cultivation and bring up to the same standard of i)erfection as are many other plants at present? Look at the evolution and improvement of the Rose, the Pansy, the Carnation, the Chrysanthemum, the tuberous-rooted Begonia, and others. Com- pare the most perfect improved variety with the original from wliich it 30 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, was raised; and other plants, by being' cultivated, selected, and cross fertilized, could be brought to the same state of perfection, and bring to the raiser not only reimbursement for his trouble, but also the well- earned name of horticulturist. The Cause of Growth of Horticidture. As the country gets settled, the bare necessities secured and a home built, the next thing- tliat people think of is the beautifA'ing- of their homes with trees, shrubs, and plants of all descriptions ; and w ith the growth of Avealth in the country, and the daily increase of the leisure class who can atlbrd to build great mansions with conservatories and grcenliouses. in or near all the larger towns, the demand for tine tropical plants will increase year by year. Among- the best aids to horticultural advancement are horticultural societies and clubs, at whose meetings the flower-loving public come together and hear interesting- essays and discussions on the numerous branches of floriculture, by which they bring ncAV members to whom they impart the same life and enthusiasm. The exhibitions, either private or public, are the best and most direct means of interesting people in plants and flowers. There people can see plants and flowers in perfection, according to the season^ in wliich the exhi1)ition is held, and it can be said with certainty that half the amateurs who at present own their collections of plants have started them after having vdsited an exhibition of this kind. Public gardens and parks have also been the means of advancing the love of flowers, and it is hoped that in future all the present established i)ublic gardens and parks, and those new ones formed from time to time, will be i)lanted with a greater variety of trees, shrubs, and other hardy plants, properly labelled, which will be more ornamental than the artificial designs of beefsteak plants with a hen- and-chicken border, representing various monstrous and grotesque designs. For we may take it for granted, that while we can imitate natui-e, we can never improve upon her by artificial means. Such parks and gardens would not only aflbrd rest and recreation for the weary, but would instruct the masses, and many a visitor would receive his or her first lesson which would develop a desire for the possession and culture of the beautiful gifts of nature. One of the greatest factors in the development of horticulture is the horticultural press. It is in the same relation to the profession as is the daily press to the general public. It is looked upon as a source of information, and as an educator and recorder. What the future most needs is a horticultural press, with a regular staff" of reporters, Avho would visit the numerous private, public, and commercial estab- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31 lishmeuts, also all exliibitions, and describe new methods of culture, new plants, and other points of interest to their readers ; so that in future, instead of being- told of the advantages of large advertisements on account of a few extra copies, or being told of some parks and gardens or some exhibition in some far-ofl" country, we may hear more about home. For while a sprinkling of foreign news is welcome, it should not be to the exclusion of home items. There is plenty of material here to write about, beginning with nature itself. The flora of this countiy furnishes subjects wliich cannot be exhausted for centuries. There are public, private, and commercial establishments which at times have their grounds and greenhouses gay witlt beautiful flowers wliich those wlio cuniiut see would be pleased to read about; and the various exliibitions which are held from time to time the public would like to have minutely described, and, if necessary, illustrated. The liorticultura] press of the future should be the conveyer of tlie sentiments and ideas of the horticultural public, and not the mouthpiece of a few, whether connected in pecuniary matters or not. It should allow fair criticism and impartially represent the interests of its readers, who in turn will not fail to support it. It will be imi)()ssi])l(' in the short time allowed me to enumerate all the advantages which this country att'ords for the develojjment of horticulture. Stretching from the North Pole to the trojjics, and from the eastern to the western sea. we have varieties of soil and natural conditions Avhich, by judicious selection, will suit any plant, so that it will be but the matter of a few years when the tide will turn, and there will be more plants exported from this country than are im])ort('d, as the case is at jjresent; and with our proximity to troi)ical South America, and even chances with the East Indies, we \\ill be able to introduce and establish any tropical plants, and compete favorably Avith any market in the Avorld. It has been said that the comparative high wages in this country prevents the successful growing of jilants for comi)etition in the markets of the world. This is largely the case, but nature helps us in that respect also. "We have a more favorable climate, so that a i)lant makes as much growth in one season as it will make in two seasons in Europe. The methods adapted for our culture are by far the simpler and best, so that tliis item alone will even up the difference of the extra cost of labor. And wlule we are now exporting only Tuberoses, Orchids, and a few bulbs and seeds, we will in time groAV all our own Azaleas, Tulips, Hyacinths, Lily of the Valley, etc., not only for home consumption but also for export. AVhy should we not find in this large countrv of ours the same climate and soil as tliev have in Holland, 32 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Belgium, the South of France, or Eiiiiland? Certainly we can, and tliere is a grand opening for an enterprising horticulturist. The demand for plants and flowers varies just as much as fashion in di-ess. Plants that were thought the most of ten or twenty years ago are now scarcely grown at all. while other new plants liaA'^e taken their place. The drift of the general taste and demand now is for more varieties than ever before. There are i)lants, such as the Rose, the Lily, the Violet, etc., which will always be in large demand, but not to the exclusion of others. Year by year we have noticed an increased demand. for Palms, Ferns, Orcliids, Chrysanthemums, and other foliage and flowering plants, as well as the long-neglected hardy perennials. AVhat the favorite plant of the future will be it is impossible to predict. It may be a new plant introduced from some trojjical country, or it may be tlie improved form of some modest native plant, growing now by the wayside unobserved. The business side of horticulture is also making rapid ])rogress, and it is only a question of a few years when our business will have as much esteem and integrity as any other commercial enterprise. There is no calling whatever which brings people together in such a close and friendly relation as horticulture. The Society of American Florists and other similar institutions are the means of bringing the hard-working florists to their meetings and conventions, and after refreshing their knoAvledge of all the imjiortant questions of the present, they sit down to an informal feast and pastime, which only strengthens their commercial relation. Floriculture is cosmopolitan, disregarding nationality and i)()litics. AVhat can be a better proof than this meeting held here under the British flag in the hospitable city of Toronto, where we have been received with as hearty a welcome and treated with even more kindness than at any previous meeting in the States? Tliis onlj^ strengthens my belief, that in the near future every one engaged in this elevating calling will form but one body: for though we maybe in difterent branches and have individual interests at stake, j'et the cause is one and general, and that is to elevate horticulture. Mr. Manda's essay was much applauded, but there was no discus- sion of it. THE QUESTION BOX. The next essay on the programme, viz., •• A Review of new Plants," by Mr. William Falconer, was temporarily deferred. Secretary Stewart explained that the package containing Mr. Falconer's Report on Nomenclature, which had not yet arrived but was expected by mail SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33 to-morrow morning, also contained that gentleman's paper on <'New Plants." The President then Introduced, as the next business, "The Ques- tion Box." He read the three questions first in order on the list, with- out receiving any response thereto. Tlie next question was, " Should florists charge for boxes and packing? " Mr. R, T. Lombard, of Wayland, Mass., responded briefly as follows: — I did not know that I was to be called on to answer this question until to-night, but the question is a very plain one and can be easily ansAvered. It is simply whether those who ship plants should pack them in the best way to prevent their injury or detention, and then make a charge for so doing. I can answer that in my own way and as far as my experience goes. I do not believe in charging for packing or boxing. I tliink that when a man sells a thing, he is in duty bound to properly pack it so as to protect it, and to ship it on its way. There is only one point that I wish to bring out on this question, and that is this, that there sliould be a uniform system by wliich every shipper, while covering the cost of packing, would ship free of cost to the purchaser, so far as any chai-ge is concerned. If there is no uni- formity in a matter of this kind, we may find that while some florists are charging for package, others are perhaps cutting under in the price of their goods by making it known that they do not charge for packing. If an allowance is made to cover the cost of packing, without any special charge being made, I think the result would be satisfactory to all parties. [Applause.] The President. The next question is, ''What are the best twenty foliage plants, and the best twenty flowering plants, for decorative gardening?" A reply to tliis question has been received from Mr. David Allan and will be read. Secretary Stewart. Mr. Allan, who is unable to be here, handed me a list without any comments at all. It gives merely the names of twenty plants of each section. I will read them as they appear here. [Reading.] TWENTY FOLIAGE PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR DECORATION. 1. Musa ensete. 7. Ficus elastica and elas- 2. Ricinus communis, tica var. 3. Cannas. 8. Malva crispa. ■4. Eulalia zebrina. 9. Amaranthus, crimson fo- 5. Pahns. liaged. 6. Dracaenas. ^ 10. Celosia pyramidalis. 34 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, 11. Coprosma Baueri varie- 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. gat a. Agaves in variety. Caladium esculentum. 'Abiitilou Thoiii. varie- gata. Cannabis sativa. Ferns, in variety, in sliady places. 17. Begonia rex, in shady places. 18. Aralia Chinensis. 19. Banibusa aurea, in damp places. 20. Eurya Japonica varie- gata. TWENTY FLOWERING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR DECORATION. Azaleas, GhentandMollis. 11. Rhododendi-ons, hardv 12. and half hardy. " 13. Kalniia latifolia, in shady 14. places. Andromeda speciosa, in 15. shady places. Clematis, of the Jack- 16. manii type. 17. Lilium auratum. 18. Rose, Clotliilde Soupert. 19. Anemone Japonica alba. Hollyhocks. 20. Dahlias, double and singrle. Yucca tilamentosa. Crozy Cannas. Gladioluses. Agapantluis umbellatus and albidus. Tu])erous-rooted Bego- nias, in *hady places. Pa?onies, double and single. Iris Ktempfei'i. Montbretias. Hvdranaeas, hardv and half liardy. Yiljurnums, in variety. The President explained that the next question, " How to success- fully manage floral exhibitions," would be passed over informally, as Mr. John Thorpe, to whom the reply had been assigned, was not present. He announced, as the next question, the folloAving, " AVliat are the best twelve companions to India Rubbers and Latanias for house decoration?" The following named gentlemen had been assigned to respond to this question: Messrs. F. G. Foster, Robert Craig, W. K. Harris, and W. R. Smith. Mr. F. G. Foster came forward and responded as follows; The purport of tliis question, it appears to me, is somewhat indefinite. I take it to mean plants for hard wear in a house, not for temporary decoration. Assuming that to be the sense of the question, I have compiled what I had found in my experience to be twelve of the best for every-day use; many of them being patient and long suflering. I would head the list with Pandanus Veitcliii and its sister, utilis. Those are two plants that, I think, need no comment fi-om me. Then we have the Areca lutescens and the Kentia. You may take any variety of the latter you like. Next we have Phoenix reclinata and Aspidistra variegata, then Dracaena fragrans. And if you have a lady's room, in which you want to put a nice little plajit, take Cocos AYedde- SOCIETY Of AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85 liana, one of the most beautiful little plants that we have for that purpose. Next I name CjT)eru.s alternifolius and varieg-ata. I conclude with two plants that, I think, are much neglected : Aralia Sieboldi and A. Sieboldi varieg'ata. The President. The object in having three or four g-entlemen reply to the same question is that it may be seen how nearly they agi-ee on the same plants. The next response will be by Mr. Egbert Craig. [Applause.] Mr. Eobert Craig responded by reading- the following: — In attempting to answer tliis question, I shall assume that by the term "companion'' is meant only those that have some qualities in common Avith the plants named in the question, and I take it that the iiseful points in the Latania and Ficus (I suppose the variegated form of the latter is, as it certainly deserves t« be, included ; it was intro- duced over twenty years ago, l>ut has not been gi'OAvn in large quanti- ties, and is only now begiiuiing to receive the attention it merits ; it is, I think, destined to be lax-gely used in the near future) are their handsome and striking foliage, and the pleasing tropical appearance of the complete plant ; they are both typical of beautiful forms of vegeta- tion not indigenous to tliis country, and not a little of their desirability for house decoration lies in tlie fact that they present diflerent forms of beauty than are exempliiied in the native and other plants we enjoy in our rambles in the field and garden, and wliich seem to be in their most appropriate place when growing outdoors. AMiile endeavoring to name plants wliich may fitly be called •' companions," I will also try to mention those as distinct as possible in form and color, for there is a charm in diversity ; one thing to be avoided in a decoration of any kind is any undue appearance of monotony ; a decoration of all Latanias and Ficus would not be pleasing, and plants that resemble them closely are not so desirable as those wliich embody different types of beauty, either in form or color or both. As I am limited to only twelve plants, I deem it ad\asable to allude to only those which are witliin easy reach of every florist, and wliich can be obtained at a reasonable price ; many elegant and durable deco- rative plants, such as, for instance, Dracaenas Kuerckii and umbrac- tilifera, Anassasa saliva variegata, etc., are omitted fi'om the list I shall name, only because they are slow of proiiagation and therefore costly; but there is good reason to hope that in a very few years these, and other valuable plants now rare, will be available at a reasonable price through the eflbrts of some of our enterprising cultivators, who already have farms in the tropics, where they may be grown outdoors at a trifling cost. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, • The first plant I name is Areca lutescens, a well-known, tall-grow- ing palm, of exceedingly graceful habit, admirably adapted for decora- tive purposes ; a plant six feet or more in height can be grown in an eight-inch pot; by the way, it is wonderful how lai'ge a plant of most of the palms can be grown in comparatively small pots by proper attention to soil, syringing, and feeding with manure water, etc. The value of a decorative plant is greatly enhanced by the relative smaUness of the pot ; the old Philadelphia plan of charging extra on account of a large pot is falling into deserved disrepute. Kentias Belmoreana and Forsteriana are indispensable. Both are of sti'ikingly handsome appearance, and are among the toughest of the palms; not easily broken by handling, and not easily damaged by changes of temperature or by coal or other gas too frequently found in dwellings. Kentia Forsteriana is taller than Kentia Belmoreana, and very suitable for the corners of rooms when it is desirable not to encroach too much on the space; Kentia Belmoreana being of moi'e spreading habit shows to better advantage when standing on a table, or otherwise placed so that it may be seen from all sides. Raphis flabelliformis : this well-known palm is very valuable on account of its durability and toughness, and its very distinct chai'acter. Phoenix rupicola is the handsomest species in the genus, and well deserves a place in the most select collection of decorative palms ; it is very distinct and most graceful ; it is also not easily injured. Cocos AYeddeliana is also one of the finest decorative plants, of slender, gTaceful form. Aspidistra lurida (and the variegated form) is probably the < ' hardiest " plant in general use for decorative purposes ; it will sus- tain, without injury, as much " knocking about"" as anything in cultiva- tion; any temperature from 34^^ to 80° suits it. Ai-aucaria excelsa glauca is deservedly growing in popularity, and is one of the very best house plants ; small and medium-sized plants are especially adapted for dinner-table decoration, but it is beautiful in almost any position. Pandanus Yeitcliii is another most popular and useful plant; its striking, symmetrical outlines and handsome variegation make it wel- come in any group ; it is also admirable when standing alone. Pandanus utilis is another easily grown and ahiiost indispensable plant; with a little care it will gi'ow well all winter in an ordinary room. Draciena terminalis, wliile not so tough and hardy as the plants above mentioned, is most useful on account of its bright red color. Cycas revoluta is a most distinct, handsome, symmetrical plant; small and medium-sized specimens are well adapted for house decora- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37 tion ; they are not nearly so scarce as they were a few years ago, and can be bought at reasonable prices. With ordinary good care it will do well in the house all Tvinter, and if put outdoors in spring will probably make a new set of leaves each year. Phormium tenax variegata is unique as a decorative plant; very bold and striking- in its outline; its flat form admits of its being iilaced in spaces too narrow for most other plants ; it is not easily broken or injured, and is destined to grow in popularity. Mr. William R. Smith made the next response to the question. He said : Tliis question is one of considerable interest. Laiania Borbonica stands at the head of the list. Its true botanical name is Li^istoiiia sinensis. It would be an injudicious tiling, however, to change the name in a commercial way. Tlie botanical name has been changed, but the plant is known to commerce as' Latania Borbonica. Ficus elastica is the next. Of the tliirty species of Ficus, not one except Chauvieri will stand the dry atmosphere of a room. I then take Areca lutescens. When planted three in a pot. quicker results are obtained than otherwise. It is the only palm I know of that you can plant tln*ee in a pot and get a good specimen. I have put fourth, Dracaena fragrans and its variety, Lindenii. 5. Cordyline terininalis and its varieties. 6. Pandanus Veitchii. It should be well established in the pot before being put in a dry atmosphere. Careful selection of the cut- tings is essential in tliis case. 7. Pandanus utihs. It is largely used in hotels and restaurants of Paris. 8. Aspidistra lurida and variegata. AYill stand more bad treatment than any plant that can l)o named for house culture. 9. Kentia Belmoreana. Slow but very fine. 10. Phoenix rupicola. Slow but grand. 11. Phoenix canariensis, or reticulata. 12. Dracaena Goldiana. There are a few other plants that might be substituted as good seconds, viz., Cordyline australis and varieties. Dianella ensif olia, or Goddess of the Dancing Grove ; a rich green ; does well without much light. Sanseveria Zelanica. Yucca Guatemalensis (syn. Ghusbrichtii) C^'perus alternifolia, or Palm Grass. Aralia Sieboldii. [Applause.] Mr. W. K. Harris's response was read by Secretary Stewart as follows : — 38 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, We would infer that in the estimation of the one that asks tliis question, the Rubber and Latania stand tirst on tlie list of decorative plants; and if I should express my opinion, it would be the same. What is prettier in the list of palms than a well-grown Latania Borbonica, about tifteen inches high, in a six-inch pot? And what a giant of grandeur is the specimen fifteen or twenty feet high ! The Ficus elastica well grown is one of the noblest decorative plants we JiaA'e, and there is no plant that will stand such a variation of treatment ; it thrives in a room or window, and it delights in full sunsliine in summer. My idea of a well-grown Rubber is not what we usually see in the florists' store windows, which they ask the public to buy. A plant two or three feet high, one third of the stem without foliage, and what foliage it has is dull, drooping, hugging the stein as though it had an attack of ague from wliich it would never recover, but linger on for a few months, to be finally sold cheap to some grower for stock, who tliinks he has made quite a business venture and is happy. Growers of this kind usually haA'e a full greenhouse and an empty purse. My idea of a specimen Rubber is a plant from two to ten feet high, fi'om one to a dozen shoots, clothed A\ith bright, clean, erect foliage fi'om the ground up; and I assure you that Rubbers so gTOAvn are noble, decorative i)lants. either in the parlor or garden. We have some growers in Philadelpliia that grow them as I have endeavored to describe. Happy is the man that can combine such beauty and health. The effort will give him joy. the achievement wealth. Bui to the question, '< What are the best tw^elve companions to the India Rubber and Latania for house decoration ? " The first I will mention is Ficus elastica variegata. Tliis is a most beautiful plant, very decorative, and, like its parent, will stand a good deal of hardship. Then comes the Pandanus Veitcliii and utilis. These plants are so well known for their beauty and decorative qualities that they need no further remarks. Araucaria excelsa is one of great beauty, and cannot be well spared where the best efiect is wanted. Dracfena fi'agrans is one of the most effective plants in a group ; it is easily gi-own and stands well. Dracjena terminalis, if well colored, gives a fine tone to a decoration. Aspidistra elatior variegata, on account of it being so durable and capable of standing so much abuse, we cannot well omit. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39 Of the many palms we have in cultivation, Areca lutescens with Latania Borbonica, for beauty and decorative purposes, lead the list. Perhaps the next best would be Kentia Belmoreana or Forsteriana. Either of these Kentias makes a very flue specimen, and they stand the dry atmosphere of a room. PhoenLx rupicola or reclinata make very fine specimens, and are very decorative. Seaforthia elegans has a fine tropital appearance, but is a little tender. Cocos Weddeliana is one of the most gi-aceful palms as a small specimen, and very eftective around the edge of a group. The above twelve plants named, I think, are the best companions to the llubber and Latania, as they can easily be procured. I have kept my list to popular plants that are g-enerally grown. Among palms I could have mentioned Pritchardia grandis and many other fine, costly plants that Avould be more ettective, but useless to name, as such plants could be had only ])y tlie very few. As I have made this a rather legthy answer, I will conclude A^ath my address to the Rubber: — Tliy noble form surrounded with companions like these, In any court of i-efinemeut, thou wouldst be sure to please. [Applause.] After receiving an invitation, through Mr. John Chambers, of Toronto, to attend the garden party at Alderman Hallam's. to-morrow afternoon, also an invitation to those interested in Hose and Carnation culture to visit the greenhouses of Mr. H. Dale, at Brampton, the meet- ing adjourned. A CARRIAGE RIDE. On Tuesday afternoon the visiting ladies were treated to a drive through the principal streets of Toi'onto, and after being shown the l^ublic buildings and i)rivate residences, they were taken to Island Park across the bay, where refi-eshments were served. The ladies were afterwards joined at th(^ Park by a large number of the members of the Society, and all enjojed tlie outing, gardeners' and florists' CLUBS, A meeting of delegates from Gardeners' and Florists' Clubs convened at Horticultural Pavilion at 3.40 p. m., Tuesday, Aug. 18. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, was called to the Chair, and ]\Ir. A. H. EwiNG, of Toronto, was appointed Secretary. The Chairman explained that he did not fully understand the object of the meeting", but believed that its primary purpose was to afford an oi)portunity for an interchange of views upon pertinent topics by way of mutiial benefit. An informal discussion folloAved in a conversational manner. Mr. I). 15. Long, of Buffalo, who was called upon to state the object of the meeting, replied that the call for it had not originated with liimself , but that the matter had been brought to Ms notice in the columns of the ''American Florist," and, having been impressed by its importance, he had favored it. He thought that if the delegates came together at the animal meetings of the Society Avith power to act on certain matters, much good might be accomplished AvMch could not otherwise be attained. He suggested, as a starting-point for discussion, the subject of the financial backing- necessary for flower shows. Several delegates, being- called upon by the Chair to state their experience, explained that having- had no practical knowledge of exhibitions, their oi)inions on the subject had not been matured. A delegate spoke of the resort to a guarantee fund in the running- of exhibitions in certain cities. This, however, he explained, had been regarded as a temporary expedient, and one wliich it was hoped could be dispensed with. The Chair:vian stated that in Buffalo, citizens had been asked to subscribe to a guarantee fund, and he was glad to be able to say that the guarantors had not been called on for one penny, as there had been no occasion for it. He said the gaiarantee scheme was sometMng that was repugnant to him. Mr. James Dean, of Bay Ridge, N. Y., referring to the fioral exliibition in the city of New York, held last spring, attributed the financial failure of it to the fact thai it had not been sufficiently advertised. He thought that the cause of the failure of similar exhibitions elsewhere was to be found in the lack of advertising. With respect to a guarantee fund, he said he could see no objection to a club, especially a young oi-ganization, going outside, and asking assistance fi'om the citizens. Mr. George V. Smith, of Baltimore, expressed the opinion that exhibitions would be more successful if handled by practical gardeners, instead of being made dependent upon rich men who were not gardeners. He also argaied that only such material should be exhibited as the people wanted to buy and the gardeners wanted to sell. Messrs. L. H. Foster, of Boston, and E. T. Lombard, of Wayland, Mass., expressed their concurrence in the ^iew that liberal advertising Avas indispensable. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41 Mr. W. H. Elliott, of Boston, explained that the invariable snccess of the exliibitions in that city was due, not to any superior ability or sj'stem on the part of the trade, but to the fact that those exhibitions had been aided by the wealthy men of Boston. He referred to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society (wMch he understood to be the wealtliiest society of its kind in the world, except possibly that of London), and to the financial backing which it gave to these enterprises. Mr. D. B. Long described a lithograpliic show-bill for the use of clubs, which he said would be furnished by a company in Buflalo at less than the usual rates, provided a sutlicient number of the bills were ordered. Several delegates, in reply to tlie suggestion of 'Mv. Long, expressed their un^\illingness to take any action that would impose a pecuniary obligation upon the clubs they represented. They intimated that the matter would be presented by tliem at future meetings of their clubs. During the informal remarks tliat followed, various topics were sngopsted and briefly discussed. Concerning prices of admission to exhibitions, the consensus of opinion was that low rates attracted tlie public, and realized more money than higher rates; a twenty-five cent charge yielding a larger revenue than one of fifty cents. The effect of the presence of conventions of the National Society in an increase of tlie membership of local clubs was adverted to, and also tlie distinction between active and subscribing members of such clubs. It was stated that, in many localities, active uKMubersliip was confined strictly to those who are dependent upon the business for their iiveliliood. Tlie practice of appointing ladies as judges in making awards was com- plained of as having given dissatisfaction to exliibitors because of defects of judgment. Mr. F. G. Foster, of Toronto, commended a system of one judge, instead of three, which had been tried satisfac- torily in Toronto, and Avliidi lie hoped would become universal. Mr. 11. Mitchell, of Philadelpliia, suggested the propriety of the enrolment of the names of the delegates present, for future reference; and a motion to tliat eflect was adopted, after which the meeting adjourned }'^/«e best is the cheajiest ''' as regards Cyclamen seed, and by starting witli a good strain and then carefully selecting some of the best plants for seed bearing, it is possi- ble that the stock may be still more impi-oved in future seasons. Lilinms Hari'isii and longiflorum should not be forgotten, as with proper handling these may be had in bloom in successive lots all through the winter and spring. Some of the Amaryllises also force wcl], and their showy flowers appear to advantage among a mass of foliage plants. A selection of Dutch l)ulbs is one of the essentials for the complete equipment of the decorating florist, among the most useful being- Tulips, Daffodils and other Narcissi, and Hyacinths, and one point" worthy of remembrance in choosing Tulips and Hyacinths is to have none but clear, distinct shades, these being naturally the most satisfac- tory when endeavoring to form a combination of color in a decoration. In conclusion, it \\ill be understood that all the plants here referred to are not claimed to be profitable in all localities, the question of suit- ableness rather than profit having been the one under consideration, though in a majority of the examples cited the latter point has also been remembered. Discussion of the paper Avas iuAdted, but no response was made. COMMITTEE ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS. The President here suggested the propriety of the appointment of a Committee on Final Resolutions, and (after being authorized to make the appointments) announced that he had constituted the committee as follows: Messrs. J. D. Raynolds, R. J. Mendenhall, A\^m. Scott, J. D. Carmody, and Patrick J. O'Mara. COMMISSIONER OF HORTICULTURE AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. Mr. E. C Hill. I move that the Chair appoint a committee to re- port, at the evening session, the name of a suitable person to be recom- mended to the Director General of the World's Columbian Exposition for the important position of Commissioner of Horticulture. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75 1 understand that, on the day before yesterday, at wliich thne I was not present, the Society recommended Mr. John Thorpe for appoint- ment as Cliief of tlie Floricuhural Department. We have information tliat if a move of the kind now suggested be undertaken at tliis time, it may be productive of important results, therefore I have made this motion. I tMnk tliat perhaps a committee of eight or nine, embi'acing representatives of the diflerent parts of the country, would be prefer- able. A vote being taken, the motion of Mr. Hill was adopted, without ob- jection^ Subsequently, the President announced that the committee had been constituted as follows: Messrs. Craig, Vaughan. Hunt, Falconer, Siebrecht, Jordan, Hallock, Temple, and Lonsdale. Mr. M. A. Hunt, upon his own request, was excused fi"om service on the committee, as he was obliged to retire, and the name of Mr. J. D. Carmody Avas substituted. RECOGNITION OF MEMBERS. Mr. C. Wm. Turnley, of Haddontield, X. J. Mr. President. I A^ish to offer a resolution to facilitate the recognition of our members by each other. As illustrating the necessity for an arrangement such as I sug- gest, I Avould mention that a gentleman whom T met at the entrance asked me if I had seen our worthy ex-President, Mr. E. G. Hill. I answered that I had seen and couA^ersed with him and would introduce the gentleman to him. I have been unable to do so, however, because I am ignorant of the name of the gentleman avIio accosted me, but I take tliis opportunity of referring him to ^Ir. Hill, who is now on the platform. I suggest that what I propose would probably enable our Secretary to avoid considerable difficulty. The resolution is as fol- lows : — Whereas, The members of our Society from the ditlerent States have great difficulty in readily recognizing each other as belonging to their respective States ; therefore, be it Resolved, That a suitable regulation numerical badge or sign be worn by each member ; the nimiber to represent the name of the State to which said member belongs : the number also to correspond T\ith the date of admission of State into the United States ; said number to be supplied by the Society. I tliink tills Avill afford a simple means by wliich we may recognize each other either during our attendance at the sessions or upon the thoroughfares, and that it will be a help to the Secretary in enabling him to recognize personally the delegates fi'om the different States. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION. Mr. H. T>. Beatty moved that the resohition be referred to the Ex- ecutive Board. Mr. H. A. Siebrecht. Before the vote is taken I would say that, year after year, this proposition has been referred to the Executive Committee, and nothing" has been done. I, for one, am in perfect ac- cord with what is pi-oposed by tliat resohition, and deem it to be really necessary. Having- attended our Conventions from the tirst, I have often been obliged, Avhcn introducing members, to ask them, "What is your name?" and " Who arc you?'' It is impossible, in a large assem- blage like that which attends our Convention, for one to remember the names of all those whom he has met there before. The simple display of a number would not l)e out of place, and I hope that some such ar- rangement will be nuide. ]\Ir. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg. Pa. I rise to second the resolu- tion. 1 have attended every Convention of this Society, and have gone liome. year after year, to tind that a number of persons whom I wished to meet at the Convention were present and that I had failed to recog- nize them. I hope that a committee will l)o a^jpointed to attend to the matter. Mr. TuuNLEY. The resolution provides only for members from the United States, but I will gladly modify it to include our Canadian friends or any others connected with the Society. Secretary Stewart. Our friend ]\[r. Siebrecht states that this or a similar proposition has been referred to the Executive Committee year after year, and that "nothing- has been done." Having attended all the meetings of the Executive Committee, I know that a great deal has been done. In fact, more time has been spent over this subject than over anything else that has come before the Executive Committee; and that coniiuittee. although composed in successive years of dift'erent gentlemen, after giving it faithful consideration, has always been unani- mous in the conclusion that the proposition presented for their consider- ation was an impracticable one. It was considered by them one year ago, two years ago. and also on previous occasions. Indeed, a plan somewhat similar to that noAV proposed by Mr. Turnley was once recom- mended by the Executive Committee as a possible help in identifying delegates. The scheme that was recommended to the consideration of the Executive Committee two or three years ago, and which Mr. Siebrecht apparently confounds -with the one now suggested, was a A^ery different thing. That scheme was to luimber every delegate. But tliis, instead of lessening the Secretary's work, as has been suggested, would have multiplied the labors of that officer indefinitely. No one man could have done, in time to make it effective, what was proi)Osed to be done. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77 The Executive Committee endeavored to simplify the scheme, so that each member, or at least each chairman of a State delegation, should have a badge of a distinguishing color, vnth the name of the State printed on it. At once the advocates of the former plan came and said tliat the Executive Committee had put into effect a scheme that was worse than useless. In one respect, however, it seems to me that the plan now suggested is still worse. The gentleman (Mr. Turnley) pro- poses the numbering of the States. But why number them? If a man can read a number, he can read the name of a State ; referring to a number to find out the name of a State seems to me to be uimecessa- rily roundabout, and for that reason inferior to the plan formerly pro- posed by the Executive Committee. Mr. Charles P. Anderson, of Flushing. N. Y. It is quite appar- ent that there should be some better method by which strangers from the difterent States may become better known to each other. Wliatever plan is devised sliould, I think, be recommended by the Executive Com- mittee, in whose hands the matter may pi-operly be left. With the assistance of our good friends in Canada, I think that a plan can be perfected. In my judgment, it is better to let it rest in the hands of the Executive Committee, so that they may continue their good work. Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT. With the permission of our Avorthy Secre- tary, I would like to ask him, for tlie information of all of us, what has become of the plan which IMr. McFarland proposed at a previous session. I may say that I am not particular as to details ; I only ask for some means by which we can more readily recognize one another. I knoAV that Mr. IMcFarlaiuVs plan was being worked u]), but I cannot now call to mind what tliat plan Avas. Secretary Stewart. TIio Society's report for last year states, I think, Avhat Avas done Avitli it. It came up again, however, and the Executive Committee, at its meeting here last January, after full dis- cussion, voted that it Avas impracticable and impossible of being carried into eftect satisfactorily. Tliey so notified Mr. JSIcFarland. Mr. J. M. Jordan. In vicAV of the fact that the proposition has been before the Society a number of times, and has been repeatedly passed upon as being impracticable, I move that the further considera- tion of the subject be indefinitely postponed. A viva foce vote being taken on Mr. Jordan's motion, the President announced that the noes seemed to liaA^e it. A rising vote was then taken, which resulted tliirty-five in favor to fifteen against. So the subject was postponed. Mr. E. S. Nixon, of Chattanooga, Temi., moved that the Secretary be instructed to furnish, at the next meeting, a small narroAV ribbon to be Avorn by the members of each State delegation, Avith the name of tlie State in each case i^rinted thereon. 78 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION. The motion was not agreed to. The Convention then adjourned until evening. THE BOWLING CONTEST. During- the afternoon the bowling alleys in the Victoria Club Rink, on Huron Street, thundered and rattled with the contest of the bowling- teams of the various florists* clubs in the contest for the cup presented by the Toronto Gardeners' and Florists' Club. There was a large crowd of visitors in the rink, the ladies forming a good propor- tion, and the tumbling pins and the score board were watched with interest. Six clubs entered in the match, all with longing eyes on the handsome trophy displayed on a table at the western end of the rink. THE TKOPHY. The cup is of beautiful design. l)urnished silver with gold mount- ings. On the top is a beaver in oxidized silver on a gold maple branch. Two bowling alley balls of oxidized silver rest on the base. The scrolls, rims, and feet are neatly tipped with gold. The following- inscription is tastefully engraved on the side within a finely chased wreath : — '< Presented by the Toronto Gardeners' and Florists' Club, Toronto, August 20th, 1891." In addition to the handsome first prize, there were five other prizes furnished by contributions to a sweepstake among the clubs. These were a silver cup valued at §25 for the club making the second liighest score, a silver cup valued at §18 for the club standing third on the list, and three diamoiul pins valued respectively at $15, $10, and $7.50 for the three liighest individual scores. The aggregate scores made were as follows : — BOSTON. PHILADELPHIA. 1st game . 831 1st game . 894 2d game . 837 2d game . 954 1688 1848 BUFFALO. NEW YORK. 1st game . 792 1st game . 887 2d game . 825 1617 2d game . 961 1848 CHICAGO. TORONTO. 1st game . 795 1st game . 534 2d game . 785 2d game . 723 1580 1257 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. ' 79 Philadelphia and New York, being a tie for first place with 1848, played off a half-string- with the following result : Philadelphia, 480 ; New York, 432. The result gave Philadelphia first prize, with New York second, and Boston third. The individual prizes were won by the following gentle- men, with the scores as indicated: G. L. Grant, Chicago, 192; Alex. Burns, New York, 184; I. Forstermann, New York, 179. THffiD DAY. — EVENING. The Convention reassembled at 8.35 p. m., President Norton in the Chair. BEGONIAS. Mr. John Chambers, of Toronto, Can., being called upon, pre- sented and read an essay on "Begonias, Flowering and Foliage; their Value as Bedding and Decorative Plants," as follows: The genus Begonia was named in honor of a noted French botanist, M. Begon, more than one hundred years ago, and would it were possible for him to know the importance tliis genus is to us at the present moment, as it is one of the most amenable, distinguished, and popular plants we are in contact with to-day. The number of species up to date amounts to nearly two hundred. They come fi'om Mexico, from the West Indies, from Brazil and other parts of South America, and from India. It is impossible for me to tell yon about all Begonias in a paper so limited as tliis necessarDy is. It is, however, important for me to say that there is not one of the several sections of this important genus but what is worth the attention of our Society. It is seemingly neces- sary to divide up the genus for practical purposes into several gToups, \dz., Avinter-fiowering kinds of shrubby growth; summer-fiowering- kinds of the same structure; species of such kinds as Pex, having beautiful foliage and caulescent stems; species of such known as diversifolia and discolor, having party-colored leaves, l)ut of shrubby habit and growth. There is yet another section of this genus strictly herbaceous in character, springing into groAvth, flowering, and afterward going to rest as some other bulbous plants do. The types of tliis section ai'e, Veitchii, introduced from Peru in 1867, and Boliviensis in 1857, and from these species have all the magnificent varieties originated which are so de- servedly popular to-day. Both the double and single varieties include all known colors except black and blue. We have the pturest wliite to the darkest maroon ; all 80 PKOCKKDINGS OK SEVENTH CONVENTION, shades of yellow, from straAV color to old gold; reds, pinks, and salmons in all denominations; and many that take on two or even three distinct shades, merging into one another. Flowers of the single variety that would cover my hand are not an uncommon occurrence, the doubles attaining almost the same size. The cultivation of the Tuberous Begonia, also the propagation of the same, may be of some little interest to you, so I will give a short outline of the general methods practised by myself and of those who have made the Tuberous Begonia a specialty. It is a case of " first catch your hare and then cook him."' that is, you must either start with seed or bulbs, or both, which you may either beg, borrow, or steal. The seed should be new. If you have any shallow pans, clean them thoroughly ; use plenty of '• crocks "' at the bottom : mix a nice light compost of peat, a little well- decayed leaf mould, and sharp sand, after covering crocks with a little dry moss to keep the soil from running amongst them. Fill pan to within one half inch of the toj); press lightly; sow your seed very thin (this is an important point) and cover with a tliin layer of silver sand ; water well, and cover with a piece of glass, and shade from the direct rays of the sun. As soon as large enough to handle, prick out iunnedi- ately into shallow pans with as little delay as possible, as this is one of the secrets of success. Keep shifting into larger pots until the time arrives for rest; gradually dry oft" and place in a dry shed or cellar. The seed should have been sown as early in the spring as possible. Now that you have nice young tubers (unless you want to sow another packet of seeds) knock them out of the pots carefully, throwing away those that have been attacked Avith dry rot; procure a fcAV shallow propagating boxes and some leaf mould; place them in tliis about one inch apart, till they commence to start and make a few roots ; by this time you will have had some clean five-inch pots ready for their recep- tion. A nice light potting soil will do for this sliift, but when it comes to seven, ten, and twelve inch pots, which you can easily shift them into in one season, the following is a good recipe : Say to fifty parts of good fibrous turf add twenty-five good peat, ten leaf mould, ten sharp sand, and five good rotted manure or bone-dust. Mix thoroughly and pot lightly. Beiionias of this section are gross feeders, so Avhen they liaA'e had their last shift and the pots are full of roots, a good top dressing and a liberal supply of liquid cow manure applied three times a week Avill help them wondrously. Some varieties will require pincMng, but one must be guided by his common-sense in tliis respect. A light, airy, span-roofed house is the best place to groAV them, AA-ith plenty of shading on sunny days ; syringing in the early part of SOCIETY OF A3IEKICAX FLORISTS. 81 the day is also very beneficial ; tobacco stems placed around the pots Avill help to keep down green fly. For bedding, a iiartially shaded situation suits them best, and they should be planted in from four to five inch pots. Keep well watered, and they will well repay any trouble in that direction. The shrubby kinds can be propagated by cuttings in the usual way. Of the Kex varieties it is for me to say that if they are Uberally treated and well taken care of, magnificent specimens can be procured, and few plants are of more value for decorative purposes. The President invited discussion of the paper, and stated that its author Avas prepared to answer any questions in regard to it that might be addressed to him. Mr. John Thorpe, of Pearl River, X. Y. Mr. President, the very able paper just read must be of great value to all of us. I regret, however, that Mr. Chambers did not, in my judgment, lay sufficient stress upon the Begonia as a bedding plant. He states, in Ms paper, that it should be planted in shady positions. That is contrary to my own experience. I consider that the Tuberous Begonia is a rival to the Geranium as a bedding plant. I cannot give all the details of the varie- ties, but these doubtless could be given by a gentleman whom we have with us to-night, and who is identified with probably the finest collec- tion of Begonias in the world. I have no doubt he will AAnth pleasure give us some information on the subject. I refer to Mr. Harry J. Laing, of London, Eng. The audience, in rounds of applause, joined in the call upon Mr. Laing, but that gentleman, being apparently taken by surprise, was re- luctant to come forward. J^inally. upon lieing escorted to the platform by Mr. Thorpe, he responded as here stated. Mr. Harry J. Laing. Mr, President, it is but natural that, in my present position before you, I should feel some embarrassment, after th^ very able lecture just given by Mr. Chambers. His thorough exposition of the subject has left me but little, if anything, to say. Perhaps a brief history of the origin and improvement of the Tuber- ous Begonia, written by my father, would be of some interest to you, and I therefore propose to read it. (Kef erring to portions of a recent article by Mr. John Laing, of London, Eng., the speaker continued.) It is now some seventeen vears since I commenced cross-breedino- and hybridizing Tubei'ous Begonias, and as '■ truly marvellous *' may well be described the progress wliich has sin(!e been made. Previous to taking the Begonias in hand, I had been a keen observer of what had been and what was, about that time, being done by Seden and others, with the species found in Bolivia and Peru by Pearce and DaAis ; and conceived the idea that, in the improvement of the Begonia as a green- 82 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, house decorative plant, there was a field open to such an ardent hybrid- ist as I had long- been, which promised '> great expectations." I must now confess that never in my most sanguine moments did I anticipate that they Avould ever becohie the magnilicent plants we now see them. At the time when I began the Begonia cultivation there were only three species, viz., B. Boliviensis, B. A'eitchii. and B. Pearcei, and a few named seedlings raised by Messrs. Yeitch and Messrs. Henderson and worked n])on; but tliese I hybridized and cross-bred as.siduously for a few years, making-, however, no great progress until I had seed- ling-s of my own, and took advantage of every slight improvement I fonnd among them. The results, even then, were by no means satis- factory, and the rate of i)ri)gre^s altogether too slow, so that I had eithei- to give up or make a l>oldcr bid for victory. The latter course was determined upon, and I purchased, regardless of cost, every variety that could then be obtained. Among them were a lot of very inferior sorts. Init there Avere some good ones which, carefully crossed with my own seedlings, gave me a lot of pedigree seeds that were sown in 1878. "When the seedlings began to show their character. I was delighted to tind my hopes realized, for a great change had undoubtedly been effected: and when I exhibited, in the summer of the same year, at one of the Royal Horticultural Society's exhil)itions at South Ken- sington, a group of well-tiowered plants, it is no exaggeration to say tliat they fairly took the tlcn-al world by surprise. They were the admired of all beholders, and to that group was by acclamation awarded the first gold medal ever given for seedling- Begonias. Several first- class certificates were also given to selected varieties, and thus was the Begonia characterized as " the coming flower." Tliis. it should be remembered. Avas before any other nurseryman had attempted to raise them from seeds, with the exception of Messrs. Veitch. Messrs. Henderson, and Mr. Bull. The tAVO first-named firms soon gave up the race for novelties, but Mr. Bull continued "to raise seedlings and send out new varieties for some time after. One of my first seedlings Avas named Jfrs. Carter, and that Avas the first approach Ave had to a round liower with an erect floAver stalk. The successes of 1878 literally fired my enthusiasm for the Begonia, and by using the finest of that year's seedlings as seed bearers, while utilizing the pollen of all the colored varieties I had got. I obtained the next season some still greater advances. That year gave me the variety Stanstead Bival, \he finest Begonia ever seen at that time. It had a fine, stiff habit with good, bold foliage, almost erect fioAver stems, and nearly circular blossoms. Tliis variety, wliich was awarded several first-class certificates, was seeded for several years before being put into commerce, and itAvas the progenitor of all my subsequent improve- ments in single varieties. About the same time I also raised a small- SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS. 83 flowered variety, with blooms nearly black in color, and from tliis has sprung all our superb dai'k crimson sorts. The double-flowered varieties made their appearance at about tliis period, but progTCSS with them was very slow at first. Xevertheless, by carefully studying their qualities and individual characteristics, I was enabled to make headway with them in time, and had the good fortune to obtain many novelties of first-class merit. In due time the possibilities of the Begonia as a bedding plant became uppermost in my thoughts, and an exjieriment on a liberal scale soon proved to me that they had qualities for that purpose of a high order. To test them for hardiness I also let the roots remain in one bed all through the winter, but covered over with cocoanut fibre refuse, and a sheet of corrugated iron, to keep the wet ofi" the crowns of the tubers, and was rewarded the following season by their flower- ing splendidly. By tlfis experiment I found that the tubers were at least as hardy as potatoes, which perhaps Avas not to be surprised at, seeing that their native habitat and altitude in Central America ai'e about the same. I do not know what more to say, ladies and gentlemen. I think that most of you are aware to what quality the Begonia has arrived ; and if the position and situation are selected, I am certain the Beoonia will be found a most suitable plant for tliis country as well as for our own. [Ai>plause.] The President. The Begonia is still before the meeting for discus- sion. Mr. John Thorpe. Mr. President, I would like to say, in regard to the using of the Tuberous Begonia as a bedding plant, that I liave found if the bulbs are kept over daring the winter in a cold place, one in Avhich you can keep potatoes, and if the bulbs are planted out at about the same time that you would plant potatoes, the result is a great deal more satisfactory than it is Avhen the plant is subjected to artificial treatment previous to planting out. I am satisfied that tliis is an important factor in the success of the Begonia as a bedding plant. Therefore, my advice to you who are interested is to buy the bulb the same as you buy the Gladiolus or Lily, and to plant them at about the same time. XOMENXL ATURE . The President announced, as next in order, the report of tlie Com- mittee on Nomenclature. Mr. Wm. Falconer, of Glen Cove, X. Y., chairman of the com- mittee, presented the repoi-t. He explained that it would be printed in full in the Proceedings, and that, on account of its extreme length, he would economize time by reatling only the more interesting jjortions of it. The following is the report in full. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, EEPOET OF THE COMMITTEE OX NOMENCLATURE FOR 1891. i\[r. President : Tlie Committee on Nomenclature last ye;i,r centred their attention upon the question of synonymy among garden i)lants, such as Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, and the like, and presented as full a report on this topic as could well he compiled from the material, which was voluminous, at their command. So thoroughly had this subject been gone into last year, that we find but little to do in it this year. But we have applied ourselves assiduously, openly, and fearlessly to other ques- tions of the nomenclature of garden plants, and now come before you to submit the result of our labors. Through the horticultural and rural press we appealed to the florists and public at large to help us l)y l)ringing to our notice any mistakes in the nomenclature of plants, accidental or intentional, that had i-ecently come to their notice, also instances of false representation of plants offered for sale; and every newspaper we applied to published our appeal, and several, "The American Florist,'' "Florists' Exchange," "Popular Gar- dening,'' " Rural New Yorker.'' and the " Practical Farmer,'" for instance, also gave us vigorous editorial support. And we here wish to publicly thank these and the others for their able and generous aid in our behalf ; and we also thank the several newspapers which called attention to our work, without being asked by us to do so. "We have also written to one hundred and nine different persons who were likely to l)e interested in the nomenclature question, and received replies from ninety-eight of them, and in several cases a general corre- spondence between them and us on the subject has been the result. Forty-three letters have been voluntarily sent to us. Some of these have been giving us advice, others asking for advice, and one or two have been a little sarcastic or ill-natured, l)ut the large majority of them have been open, honest, well-meaning communications, drawing our attention to what the writers believed to be cases of misnaming, ill naming, or synonymy in the case of cultivated plants, or complaining of the evils of substitution or beguiling misrepresentation, of which they said they had been the victims. As you may like to know the geuei-al tenor of the letters we get from correspondents, the following from Indiana about misnamed plants will illustrtite a type of them : — "1. Mme. Camille Rose has also the name Amazone Tea. " 2. In buj'ing, my experience leads me to susiDcct there is some confu- sion in regard to Chromatella, Lamarque, and Solfaterre Noisettes. "3. Euphorbia splendens is quite commonly sold for a Cactus. Agaves and Aloes also frequently go under the same name. "4. Flowering Maple is in common use for the Abutilon. Saxifraga sarmentosa is best known here under the name of the Beefsteak Geranium. "5. Tecoma radicans is often catalogued as Bignonia radicaus, and by many the two names are considered as belonging to the same or one plant. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85 The first mentioned is the true Trumpet Creeper. The latter is a cirrif- erous, piuuate-leaved everg'reeu with smaller and lighter colored flowers. "6. I have also heard the name Habrothamnus and Achania inter- changeably applied to Achania jMalvaviscus. "7. Coccoloba is often given in place of the correct generic name of Muelilenbeckia platyclada. " 8. It is probably well known among all intelligent florists, but it maj'' be well to here call attention to the facts, that Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, though popularly is not correctly called Smilax, and the same is true of the name Geranium applied to Pelargonium Zonale." We could only answer this letter in this way: 1. Mme. Camille and Amazone are distinct Koses. 2. Chromatella, Solfaterre, and Lamarque are also distinct from each other. 3. Using the name Cactus as an English word, it is often applied to fleshj' cactus-like plants, even if they are not Cactuses ; and it is in this way also that Aloe is used for Agave, for instance, Agave Americana, the American Aloe (Dr. Asa Gray). 4. Flowering Maple is, probably, a local name suggested by the maple- like leaves of the Alnitilon. Beefsteak Geranium as applied to Saxifraga sarmentosa is, likelv, a mixing up of two other accepted and recorded English names for it, to wit. Beefsteak Saxifrage and Strawberrj^ Ge- ranium; but Beefsteak Geranium is now also a common name throughout the country for this plant. 5. Tecoma radicans and Bignouia radicans are identical; the first name is the proper one. 0. Both of these genei'ic names are wrong. Cestrum is the proper name of IIa1)rothamnus, and Malvaviscus is the proper name of Achania, and instead of writing Achania Malvaviscus we should use the correct name, which is Malvaviscus arboreus. 7. Muelilenbeckia platj-clada is correct. 8. In this case we use the name Smilax as an English name onh-, and not as a botanical one: more than that, Myrsiphyllum is now included in the genus Asparagus, so that Asparagus is the proper name, and not Myrsiphyllum. We also use the name Geranium as an English word to designate certain sections of Pelargonium, and no influence we could bear against its use in this sense would ever cause the people to renounce it in favor of the proper botanical name. We have also made diligent search among the catalogues of the florists and seedsmen that have come to us, and wherever we observed anything of an unseemly nature, we ai^plied ourselves to its investigation; and with this end in view, we not infrequently bought seeds or plants of the questioned or doubtful articles, to make sure of the condition of things before we brought the matter to the notice of the florist or seedsman. This gave rise to considerable correspondence, mostly pleasant, but occasionally unpleasant. In every instance, however, except one, as soon as it was realized that we had taken a determined stand in the matter, the error was acknowledged and its rectification promised. In several cases there were extenuating circumstances that rendered the dealer blameless, and in some instances the mistake had been discovered by the florists and noted for correction in future catalogues before we called their attention to it. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, NAMING PLANTS. It is understood by some that the business of this committee is to name Avhatever plants one may send to it ; but this is a mistalveu idea. In twenty- nine instances we have received samples of plants for name ; in most cases parts of the plant, as leaves or flowers, were sent, sometimes a sketch only of the plant was enclosed, and in a few instances merely a description. In most of these cases the plants inquired about were hardy perennials, trees, shrubs, and wild plants, in some greenhouse plants ; several have been plants picked up by florists on their travels at home or abroad ; occasionally they were flowers from dealers who had received them from growers anxious to sell the stock of them, and we have had a collection of fei'ns gathered in Central America, for name. AVhenever we w'ere able to give the desired information, we have done so cheerfullj^, but sometimes we were unable to name the plants, and the samples and descriptive matter regarding them were insutlicient for us to submit them to a systematic botanist. Although naming plants does not come within our sphere, we will take this opportunity to urge upon you, whenever 3'ou want a plant named by any one, to send the best and fullest sample j'^ou can get, together with as full a description as you can give of the plant ; also pack the flowers in tin, wooden, or other hard box that cannot be smashed in the mails. GETTING AT THE PROPER BOTANICAL NAME. We do not presume to interfere in any way with the botanical nomen- clature of plants ; that is the mission of the scientific, systematic botanist. But it is imperative that we know the proper botanical names of the species of plants we handle, and we can urge no valid excuse for not knowing the plants we deal in. It sometimes happens, however, that the botanical identification of a plant appeals more directly to the horticulturist than the botanist. Such a case is presented in the following letter from Mr. E. D. Sturtevant, Bor- dentowu, X. J. : — " Xymphjea Zanzibarensis was sent from Africa to Dr. Caspary of Konigs- berg, Prussia. Some time afterwards I received bulbs of this species from Dr. Caspary which produced flowers of a dark blue color approaching purple. I began to raise seedlings, but only a small percentage produced dark colored flowers, the majority (from the same seed-vessel) being of a fine l)lue color. Assuming that the dark colored form was the type, I have continued to call it X. Zanzibarensis, and for convenience named the lighter colored form X. Zanzibarensis var. azurea. After a time a seed- ling sport appeared resembling .the parent in every way except the flowers were rosy pink and the sepals bright green ; this I named X. Zan- zibarensis var. rosea. Xow some florists are oftering the blue-flowered form as X. Zanzibarensis. As the purple is so apt to revert to the blue when raised from seed, possibly the blue-flowered form is the type. If so, let it be detei-mined, and let us have a name for the purple one." This letter was submitted to Mr. Sereno "Watson, curator of the Her- barium, Botanic Garden, Harvard University, who replied : "The colors of SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87 Nymphcca Zauzibarensis, as described by Caspaiy in 1877 (Bot. Zeituug, 35. 203) are, sepals deep green on the ontside with a broad deep scarlet margin, or coming blue (cyaneus) — deep blue (xaolaceus) — scarlet within. Petals deep blue (azureus), whitisli at base, the outer ones scarlet above the base. You see that various shades of blue are mentioned, but not purple. Mr. Sturtevant's variety rosea appears to be the nearest type." Anotlier instance of tlie great importance to a florist of a wide and intimate knowledge of species of cultivated plants, and their corrected nomenclature to date, comes to us in the form of a complaint by one of the oldest and most conservative plant dealers in the country. He writes : " In the catalogue of a leading Loudon house, a plant is figured under the name of Thunbergia affiuis, with a very attractive descilptiou. I imported i)lauts of it at a good price, and now they are in bloom, and I find tliey are identical witli wliat I have grown for years under the name of Meyeuia erecta, and of whicli I sell nice plants for twenty-five cents eacli." As other florists would do, as soon as lie received his new Thunbergia from London, lie urged its growth and multiplication, and halted not to see it bloom, and accepting the English firm's description of it as true, used it in advertising his plants; and now when his customers have been served, and he has had an opportunity to let his plants grow and bloom, he is horrified to find, as he thinks, his new Thunbergia is nothing other than the old Meyenia erecta I And he concluded that he had been swin- dled l)j' the English house, and expected that every one of his customers who had bought a plant would also consider himself swindled. This case we submitted to Dr. Thomas Morong, curator of the Her- barium of Columbia College, and who ver}- kindly replied : " If you haijpeu to have access to * Curtis"s Botanical Magazine,' edited by Sir Joseph Hooker, you will find in Vol. XLA""., 3d Series, Tab. 6975, the whole thing which you wish to know fully explained, with a beautiful colored plate of the so-called Thunbergia aflinis. Hooker thinks that it is only a 'glorified form of the old T. erecta (Meyenia erecta, Benth.),' and says that had it not Ijeen named and described as a different species, he should probalilv name it as simply a form of T. erecta. '• I judge that the two species run very close together, and. that it needs careful discrimination to distinguish them. Very likelj^ your corre- spondent has not received the true aflinis, which would not, however, implj' any dishonesty on the part of the London house from whom he obtained the plant, it being so variable." A Washington correspondent writes: "Some years since, some English catalogues announced a new species of Ampelopsis as A. Japonica. I ordered a plant at a good j)rice; but it had much the appearance of Poison Ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron). However, to be sure, I imported another plant, and after growing this some time, I discarded all, being fully satisfied all sent me were Poison Ivy." This Ampelopsis Japonica case was also reported to us from Koch- ester, X. Y.. and we were informed the name, A. Hoggii, was likewise 88 PROCEEDINGS OK SEVENTH CONVENTION, used for the same plant. Umler the name of Cissus Japonicus, it was also imported from England Ijj' a member of this committee, who found in it such a strong resemblance to the Poison Ivy, that he too discarded it. But before doing so, as the jjlant liad a decided varietal difterence from our common Poison Ivy, he sent a plant of it (some year* ago) to the Arnold Arboretum under the name of "Rhus Toxicodendron from Japan." On submitting the matter to Prof. C. S. Sargent, some days ago, he replied : " You sent us a Japanese Khus Toxicodendi-on, which we still have in the collection. It looks a little difterent from the American species, but I have no doubt is identical with it." REVISING THE NAMES OF PLANTS IN CATALOGUES. It sometimes happens that the name of a plant given in a catalogue may be the true name, at the same time not the modern or now proper name of it ; and as we wish to l)e as progressive in our momenclature as in our busi- ness, we should adopt these modern names. For instance, Wahlenbergia grandiflora sliould be Platycodon grandiflorum; Pistia stratiotes should be Eichornia, and so on. Apropos of this matter, the veteran ]\Ir. T. R. Trumpy, of the Kissena Xurseries, wrote : " If we should suddenly make a new catalogue with the now likely correct names, our customers would be paralyzed, and so would we and others. You know perfectly well that our leading firms, Ellwanger & Barry, for instance, still carry to some extent the old names; now then you understand why we have to cling to the old. Prof. C. S. Sargent calls Stuartia Japonica, Pseudo-Camellia Japonica, and our beautiful Mag- nolia grandiflora of the South he calls MagLOlia ftttida, which means the Stinking Magnolia! And these are only a few of the things I would like to call your attention to; what saj' you?"' We explained to Mr. Trumpy that sooner or later the change would have to be made; that the horticultural press would recognize no other than the modern nomenclature ; that catalogues could not aftbrd to work in opposition to the press; that the press using one nomenclature and the cat- alogues another would confuse and mislead the public ; and our best efforts to preserve the names of garden plants in truth and i)urity would be sapped by the catalogue men — the very people who should be most ardent to sup- port our work — and our labors rendered useless. Besides, the change need not be made harshly ; the old and the new names both should be given, the modern one as the true name and the old name parenthetically, for instance. Magnolia fa?tida (grandiflora), Spir;ea Cantouensis (Eeevesiana), and so on. To exemplify how graciously the public will accept the change, let us mention the case of Exochorda grandiflora. It is only a few years ago that this plant was generally catalogued as Spir;t'a grandiflora, but now we all know it as Exochorda, and as such it is catalogued. In acknowledging our explanation, jNIr. Trumpy wrote : " You are, of course, absolutely right. . . . Sooner or later we all ha^'e to come to it and, why not now? SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOlilSTS. 89 As soon . splendidissimum grandillorum, hybrids of the same parentage, and all good. D. cluysodiscus, by Sir Trevor Lawrence, and obtained from D. Ainsworthii crossed with D. Findlayanum; sepals and petals white with purple apicular blotch ; lip pale yellow with orange disk, at the base of wliich is a purple blotch. A fine Orcliid. D. Cybele is a hybrid raised by Seden from D. Findlayanum crossed with D. nobile, and is a bold and beautiful flower. Sepals and petals white, slightly tipped with rose ; lip white, slightly suffused with pale yellow, and has a crimson blotch at the base. The flower stalks are very long, making it a desirable Orchid for cut flower work. D. euosmum leucopterum, a very beautiful Orchid, is between D. Endocharis and D. nobile; sepals and petals and lip are pure Avhitc. the disk of lip Indian purple. There are two more fine forms of D. euosmum, but the one just described is the finest. D. Schneiderianum, a grand hybrid, was obtained from D. Findlayanum crossed with D. aureum; flowers large; sepals and petals white, deeply tipped with lilac-purple ; lip orange-yellow with a i)ubes- cent disk, from which radiate deep purple lines, the Avhole surrounded by a white zone. A free-flowering plant of fine habit and easy[cultiva- tion, and its flowers are large, showy, and long lasting. We consider it one of the finest of all Oi'chids. D. Aspasia, a Veitchian hybrid between D. Wardianum and D. aureum. D. Yenus. a hybrid between D. Falconeriand I), nobile; of fine habit; looks like a gigantic D. Fal- coner]. Sent out by Sander. Oncidium Mautini, supposed natural hybrid between O. Mai'shalli and O. Forbesi; in appearance, however, it rather favors O. curium, though with larger labellum, and has about the same coloration, but the spotting and marking are brighter. O. splendidum was introduced from Guatemala in 1862, but was so rare that until it was rediscovered three years ago there were only two or three plants of it in cultivation. It is a free-blooming, easily grown species, with a large golden-yellow lip ; blooms on erect, brandling spikes, and is one of the finest Oncid- ium s in cultivation. HYBRID CYPRIPEDIUMS. — BY PITCHER & MANDA, THE RAISERS. Cji^ripedium Arnoldianum (Veitchii x concolor) . Leaves two inches wide, light green tassellated with dark green; stem dark brown with white down. Flower large, four inches across; dorsal sepal roundish, 112 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, slightly recurved, lemon yellow at base and extending upward ; veins purple, shading over the ground color; lower sepal same in color, only the veins are more pronounced. Petals two inches long, broad, inner portion lemon color, outer part washed ^vith vinous purple ; and three fourths of the inner surface is covered with crimson spots. Lip long with narrow opening, lemon yellow at base and vinous purple veins and dots in the upjxn- part; column bright green, staminole slightly horseshoe shajjcd and lemon yellow with purple border. Cypripedium Pavoninum inversum (venustuni x Boxallii) has broader leaves than in C. Pavoninum, but the flower markings and shape about the same as in that species. The dorsal petal is apple green shaded with blackish brown and bordered with white : lower sepal green; petals green, shaded, lined and spotted in the upper portion Avith dark brown ; lip light green with darker green veins ; whole flower sliining. • Cj'pripedium media superbum (liirsutissimum superbum x Spice- rianum) has leaves intermediate between the parents. Stem tliin, flowers large. Dorsal sepal broad, oblicolor, reflexed on the sides and recurved on top, white with vinous middle vein, and shaded with green and purjile at the base ; lower sepal small, pale gi'een ; petals undulated and slightly twisted at the ends, ground color green shaded Avith ]>urple and spotted and striped with dark purple spots; lip oblong, green, shaded Avitli ])urpli>h brown; staminole violet purple with white edges. Cypripedium Brownii (leucorriiodum x magniflorum) has larger leaves than, but similar leaves and gi'owth to, C. leucorriiodum. Dorsal sepal incurving, white, shaded with rose, and green blotch at base; lower sepal large, wliite; petals broad, flat, with rosy ends; lip large, roundish, rosy jjurple A\ith a gi-eenish cast. And as new varieties of Cypripedium insigne the above firm mention Ainesianum, Arnoklianum, Brownii, Cowperianum, Cuttingianum, Eyermannianum, Gilmoreanum, Mandevillianum and nitens; also, C. Lawrenceanuni var. pictum. SOME NEW ORCHIDS. — BV MR. GE0R<;E SAVAGE, ROCHESTER, X. V. GrammdtophyUnm Jleasursianum. — A magnificent plant making spikes of flowers three and four feet in length, with about forty flowers on each spike, about the same color as G. Ellisii, but veiy much freer flowering than that species. Vanda Amesiana . — A beautiful new winter-blooming Orchid, almost as large as a Phalaenopsis flower, white with narrow lip, and a very free- flowering plant ; a fine tiling. Phalcenojiis Liiddemaniana var. hierogJyphica. — A gem amongst Phalaenopsis. SOCIKTV OK AMEKKAX KI.OKISTS. 113 ()doiito(ll()!i>n(in iecef/'cu. — An extra tine form of O. crispuin. very distinct. SpathogJotttH luniha/lidiKi . — A free-growino- terrestrial plant, with large yellow flowers. Epidendrinii Eiidresii . — Very small, wliitc flowering. l)nt ])retty and rare. Saccolahiina Caleate. — One of the most lovely Orcliids in cultiva- tion, of a beautiful light blue color. PALMS AXl) FEHXS. [n the matter of new Palms and new Ferns. Mr. ("liarles 1). Ball of Ilolmesburg, Fhiladelpliia, who makes a specialty of Palms and Ferns for market, says: '• I do not handle new plants. My business is in good old standard kinds most useful for florists" work. I sell to florists only. New or scarce Palms or Ferns do not siiit my business. Florists buy only such well-known kinds as arc most hardy. i)lenty. and chea]), such as Areca lutescens, Latania 15orbonica, the Kentias. Phcenix, etc. ; also such Ferns as are easily grown in large quantity from sjjores. Besides, you may look over any collection of Palms lierc or elsewhere, and what can we find tliat is new? i Ihink very few. AVe know so well the • merits * of the scarce kinds, tliat fcAv care to cxiieriment witli such. Something Avas expected from ^Vrcca (?) Sanderiana: it was thought it would prove a useful Palm for decorative purposes, but the opinion now is that it is of no vahic. Tliis is decidedly my opinion at least. •'Regarding Ferns, some years ago I yearly imported many of the newer kinds, but found so fcAv of any real value that I gave it uj) as a bad job. \\'lieneA'er I see anything good now, 1 will buy, but when 1 buy it is no longer iieir. '*I might mention some few Ferns, not really ncAV, yet someAvhat scarce still, that I consider A^ery good : — "Pteris erotica var. nobilis. a beautiful crested form of the cretica type. ''•Pteris MaAii, Pteris cretica var. magnilica. Pteris tremula A-^ar. crispa, Pteris Victoria (new). Xephrolepis rufescens A'ar. trii^innatifida." NKW IIAUDY ROSES. — BV W.M. II. Sl'OOXEK, rUESlDEXT OF TJIE MASSACHU- SETTS HOKTICULTrKAI, SOCIETY. My observations upon tlie Pose are chiefly Avitli a vicAV to theii" adaptation for outdoor garden purposes. Auyuntine G?f^'noisse((i( seems to me an acquisition to the La France family, and likely to proA^e a A^aluable addition to this class of Roses: the color is a pale rose or cream, and apparently as free in floAA^er as tlie 114 PROCKKDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, La France, the plant making a similai* growth. We liave now in this group a trio of beautiful flowers, Aaz. : — La Fi'ance, Duchess of Albany, and the above, that will undoubt- edly prove of great value for summer bedding purposes. Gustave Piganean, flower of largest size; color bright carmine lake: the habit seems to be good. Arm petal, and confidently expect this Rose will i)rove an actpiisition ; the flower is similar to the Countess of Oxford. Jeannie Dickson. — This is a striking flower of a bright, cheerful color, rosy pink. From a single bloom, I am favorably impressed in its favor. It i$ another addition to the scentless class of Hoses, and, like the Baroness, its strength will make it a fine exhibition Rose. Lady Arthur HiU is another of Dickson's new Roses. The form of the flower is rarely equalled : the color rosy lilac, variable: appears to be a free bloomer. NEW UOSES. — r.V y\\i. KHXST ASMUS, \\ . Ilor.OKEN, N. .1. I tried some of the new French Roses last winter, and, as usual, found most of them worthless. The French raisers send out glowing- descriptions of their new Roses every fall, and somehow or other always succeed in luring us to take their bait. Yes. we bite and repent, and almost invariably declare it will be the last time! But the very next fall we take the bait again. Out of nine varieties of teas, I found only one that was worth retaining for another year's trial. Here are the names of the ones I found to be no good: Souvenir de Clairvaux. Comtesse de AVitzthum. Comtesse Eva de Starenburg, .laune Nabonnand, ^Maurice Bauviei-. Princesse Sarsina, Souv. de Lady xVshburton and Souv, de Mine. Sablayrolles (?), Eli/a Fugier, a white flower somewhat resembling Xiphetos. but - blind wood. Clotilde iSoNpcr/, Polyantha Tea. — One of the most valuable Hoses of recent introduction. It has endured 10° below zero planted in the oj)(Mi tf-round. Excellent for sale as a pot i)lant. J^ert/ J^eir Hoses. Wdban. — A sport from Catherine ]Vrermet. Flowers a \ cry deep sliade of rose, Avith a decided glint of red on the outer i)etals; in an even temperature of 5o° to 58° it i)roduces line buds; young g•rowtb^ and foliage darker than in the parent, but otherwise it is exactly similar. Our experience with it is limited to the growtb and behavior of ten 4-inch pot plants, bedded out in January last. In new European sorts our experience is limited to a few months' growth under glass. There seems to be some good Koses among- tliem. Jhiie. Klie Ldinbert may be described as a medium sized Marie Guillot, pure wliite with an edge of rose on the inner i)etals, very double, free blooming-, and a good grower; distinct. Eliza Fii(/i'er. — Style of bud and color very similar lo Xijjlietos. Every shoot produces a bud. (rrowth very A-ig()rou>, much more so than in 2sii)hetos. We advise a trial of this for forcing-. Iletiri Ji)'ichar. Mme. Pierre (jin'llot. Tea. — A magniticent and distinct new Kose, equally good for forcing- or for open ground bedding. This Kose will rank ynX\\ the finest of the teas. J. li. Varroiie. Tea. — This A^ariety nuiy be classed as intermediate between Countess La Barthe and the variety Luciole. It coml)ines the fi-ee-floAvering- qualities of the former with the rich (.-oloring of tlie latter. A most distinct and valuable ucav Hose. 3Iiss 3Iarston., Tea. — A large, open-shaped flower when fully developed, of the general build and style of Mermet. A proujising new Rose. Will probably force Avell. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS. 117 Mine. Marthe dx Boury, Tea. — A distinct sliaped bud of consider- able length, somewhat after the style of Niphetos in form, but difiering in color and texture. This Rose blooms well, forces readily, and is of good, sturdy habit. Other new varieties of the tea section may be mentioned briefly. Souv. de Dr. Passot, of very brilliant color, but too thin and scanty in petals, and not large enough. 8ouv. F. Gaulain. a tine, strong, free flowering Rose, quite double, and of good build, but with decided purplish cast. Jeanne Guillaumez. — Of beautiful apricot color, but scarcely large enough in bud; very showy Avhen fully blown, and quite free. Gudace Nadaud. — A long-pointed bud of bright carmine color, shaded with yellow, lacking in substance, however, and also in distinct- ness fi'om other varieties. May Rivers and Mme. Ohja are both very similar to the old variety Oplielia, and not distinct enough from Cornelia Cook. Georges Farber, MlJe. G. Godard, Jfnie. A. Tarle, Mile. M. Fabisch, Mile. M. TheziUat, and JIarqms de Foretan ai^p novelties that should not have been put on the market, as they are of no value to any one. Augustine Guinoisseau (White La France), 11. T. — This variety is adnured by many and condemned by not a few as lacking in distinctness of color; it is not white, but it is quite distinct from both Duchess of Albany and La France. In every respect but color it is a veritable La France, and worthy of culture. Bona Weillshotf, H. T. — Of good growth and great freedom of Idoom. but it is lacking l)oth in color and form: occasionally it is quite line, but so few good blooms are produced that it cannot be recom- mended. La France of ^89 is a most distinct and fine Rose. It, however, is not '• perpetual " in its bloom, like the hybrid teas, but is semi-climbing in ]ia})it. and of vigorous constitution. It promises avoU in form, size, and rich coloring. Mnie. Hortense MonteJiore,l\. T. — Weak in growth, flower lacking in size, genei-ally undesirable. M^ne. Zea CoUogne, H. T. — Of the La France iy^f^. witli a more distinct combination of colors than in most others of this type. Hybrid Ferpetuals. Gustave Piganeav. — A most distinct and valuable H. P. on account of its fine form, large size, and good color. These points, together with its great freedom of bloom, place it among the finest of its class. 118 PKOOKKDIXGS OF SKVKNTll ( ON VKXTIOX, G/oirerle Ex BruxeUes. — A very dark criinson-maroon colored Rof-e with scarlet sliadiiios. Very full and doul)le and free and tine in habit. Oscar II. Rot de Suede. — A very pronounced and distinct H. P. Color cinnabar crimson, with maroon shadings; of strong growOi and bearing large, handsome flowers. Lady Arthur Hill. James Broivnlow, Martin Cahuzac, undJfaurice Vilmorin are Hoses of ])roiiiise in the II. P. section, and can be com- mended for trial. The above liybrids arc the most noted ones out of the many sent out last yeai-. l)ut llic judging has all been done frt>m blooms produced under glass. Pink Hover. — A Bourbon of the general type and color of Mal- maison.but somewhat darker in its sliadings. This will doubtless pi-ove a u-eful variety. m:w (ji'.KANirM.s. — I'.v mi;, k. <;. iiii.i.. iJirii:MOXD. ixd. Beaute Poitevine (Bruant race). — A charming dwarf -growing- Geranium with immense semi-double salmon flowers. A valuable introduction. Mrs. E. G. Hill (Bruant race). — Somewhat similar to the above in jfoneral character, but of a difterent and distinct shade of salmon; very sturdy and dwarf. A variety of decided merit. Coperiiir. — Has round single florets of that ])eculiar shade of color found in Poete XalionaU'. Insurpassed as a market pot variety. Montesquieu. — Beautiful lavender-pink: very dwarf in growth, thromng large bold trusses of perfectly formed double florets. A decided advance in this line of color. Jeanne d'Arc — A flue fancy variety of tlie Souvenir de Mirande type, fi-om which it was seeded. It is creamy Avliite with rosy scarlet border on each petal. A fine acquisition. (IMr. J. C. Vaughan also has a very good word for this Geranium. — W . F.) M. V. Noulens. — Another of the Mirande type and quite the larifest. finest, and best colored in the section. It is of value to all Avho need a first-class ])ot variety. Beauty of Kent. — Perhaps the largest circular-shaped flower in the family ; the color, texture, and veining, combined Avith its dwarf habit and nicely zoned foliage, make it a pattern single variety. Jacques Callot is slightly larger than Mirande. but is not suffi- ciently distinct to warrant its continuance on the lists. Buffalo Bill. — Produces immense spheri('al trusses of semi-double flow^ers ; color. Avhite shaded blush. A good bedding variety. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLOKISTS. ' 119 Ici/ Geraniums. Sour. Ckas. Ttirner is larger and brighter in color than the grand old variety, Count H. de Choiseul. This is a novelty of exceptiorftil merit and every way worthy of extended culture. Mrae. Crozy is quite remarkable as showing so plainly the cross !>etweeu the iv'v and zonal families. The flower is semi-double, quite large, and very intense scarlet, and the leaf has the form and color of the zonals and the texture of the ivies. Destined to be very useful. Xi;W (JKlfAMIMS. I'.V MR. A. p. SIMMONS. CENEVA. OHIO. These ai*e some of the new varieties which have been thoroughly tt'sted by us, and we have only mentioned such A^arieties as have proved .meritorious and worthy of a j^lace among the good new plants. You need not have any fear to recommend any of,the varieties mentioned. Bniant Type. Jinn'. Jfnhiard. — Soft red, veined darker, with white centre, raised lt\ Delesalc. Jfiiie. Massage de Louvrex. — Ihiisedby Bruant. Beautiful salmon, flesh-color, semi-double. Mme. du Luc. — Clear rose color, with upper petals marked pui-e white. The best rose-colored variety of the type raised by Bruant. J//'.s'. A. Blanc. — Yery large trusses; color, apricot, veined red. Jfoii.s. Louis Faffcs. — Semi-double clear oi-ange scarlet; habit of l)laiit the same as the well-known variety Heteranthe. An excellent bedder. Jfille Strub. — An excellent variety, raised by I loste. Soft salmon, Avith rose border. Geraniums. — Double. JJontesqnieu. — One of the most beautiful new varieties sent out for some time : immense sized trusses of beautiful rosy mauve, shaded lilac. Enffalo Bill. — Yery large trusses: creamy white, marbled Avith rose. Wllhelm Pfifzer. — Y?ry bright apricot color. The A-ery best of the color cA'er sent out. liuy Bias. — One of the grandest varieties ever raised; trusses of remarkable size: a very bright salmon, with peach-colored border. Tliis variety I'eflects great credit on Mons. Lemoine, the originator. The above four A'arieties liaA'e been introduced b\- Lemoine. 120 i'ROCKi-:i)iN<;s or skvkntii convention. Jfine. Ai/me de La Checreliere. — An excellent pure white variety, from ]Moiiis. IJruant. By far the best while for pot culture, and also a very - distinct. centre of tlowers cherry, shading to rosy lilac at the borders. Dr. Audiijiiicr. — ^'ery large trusses, salmon, with bronze shading's; good bedder. J)r. (riii/oii. — N'ery soft rose, tinted violet, with white centre. Josephine Sonhtrij. — Sandal, or deep red. Kaised by llostc. Jfarqiiis Felix d' Albert. — An excellent variety, on the style of llic' good old variety. Peter Henderson. (jreVd llill HIS. SllKjh'. Copeniic. — iiose and carmine, witli wliitc centre. M. Piilrier. — Carmine and \iolcl color: very large trusses. Am extra tine winter-tlowering variety. Athlete. — The tinest single scarlet variety ever offered. Admividioii. — Pure white, with rose-colored centre. 3Ime. La liable. — I'urc rose. Comtesse de Comnlier. — Large puic wliite border: centre rose. Mme. le Gras Lacaillc. — The very best of the yellowish orange colored varieties. Panaehe de Xrnici/. — Salmon. nicel\- stri])cd with pure Avhite. Good for y)ot culture. Jeanne d'Arc. — A new variety. (»f the Souv. de Mirande type, being- darker and brighter in color. This is the best of the type, and will be sent out in this country this coming season. m:w fuchsias. — v,\ mm. a. i'. shimons. Molesirorfh. — \ery free blanching double-white variety, from England ; of the style of Storm King-, but stronger grower. Abbe Gamier. — The best double purple variety we have seen, hav- ing very large tlowers and being- early and free flowering. Color, violet blue with rose markings. Jupiter. — Violet blue, large, tine formed tiow^ers, extra tine. Countess of Aberdeen. — Described by Mr. E. G. Hill. Ernest lienan. — Very early single variety : tube and sepals white, corolla rose color. SOCIETY OK AMKKICAN FLORISTS. 121 Gem of Lavingtnn. — Sei)ab white, corolla single, canaiiie tinted violet; early and free. NKw ircnsiAs. — I'.v jir. e. g. hill. Out of a multitude of new varieties only a very few possess points of merit sufficient to liivc them a place with Phenomenal and Mrs. E. (t. Hill. Co/i litem- of Aherdeeit is wortliy of notice on account of its approach- ing' so near a pure white in color. When gTown in shade, both sepals and corolla are' absolutely pure white, but in sunshine it "pinks" slightly. This is a tine novelty, and will probably prove the forerunner of a race of distinct colored Fuchsias. (li/sep Trelhit lias a somewhat conical corolla, large and pure white beautifully sliaded rose; sepals deep crimson. Of nice habit and very free Howering-; an excellent variety. I have selected onlx the \'ery tinest of the introductions of lust year, and would say that there are novelties that possess many other i)oints of merit that nnist reconnnend them for certain purposes, while there are large numbers of otliers which should never have been introduced, because they are inferior to existing' sorts. NKW I'AXsiKs. — - I'.v >ri;. dkxvs ziuxgiebel, oi" xkkdiiam. mass. There arc good old English and Scotch strains that the (ierman s('ed>nien and florists have got hold of and subdivided into ever so many colors and varieties, but they practically remain the same thing", and I do not see that any ini])rovement has been made in them, excej^t in the catalogues by recin-istening' them. A really new strain is the Trimardeaux, originated l)y a florist near Paris. France, but it has been gTeatly improved since tii<'n. These I'ansies are very large in all their proportions, flowers and foliage, and, too, very hardy, standing well l>oth extremes of heat and cold, and they give general satisfaction all over the country. Another new strain, also of French origin, is the Odier or live-spotted varieties which of late years have been greatly improved on by the well-known specialists, Cassier and lUignot. the latter especially intro- ■ ducing' new shades of color, and flowers wliich would have been thcmght injpossible a few years ago. 'J'hese last strains, however, are by no means as hardy as other strains, owing', I suppose, to closer breeding'. These two races are the onl\- really new varieties that have been in- troduced Avithin the past few years, and that are, in my opinion, of any merit, and I have come to this conclusion after having tried, within the past Ave years, everything of note in the Pansy line. 122 I'KOCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTH toNVENTlON. AZALEAS F«»K FORCING. BY MK. JAMES DEAN. liAY KIDOE. I.. I.. X. Y. The best of the Azaleas that I have imported ^xathiu the i)ast two years are : — Azalea VerccKiieana. — A niagiiiticent. hirae. double flower of a rich rosy pink color, broadly margined with white, and a carmine blotch. It is very distinct and free flowering, and it forces well: indeed, it is one of the best Azaleas in cultivation to-day. Azalea Imperatrice Victoria. — A splendid variety, and perhajjs the most beautiful of all the donl)li'-flowcring Azaleas: flowers of a most beautiful shade of rosy pink banded with pure white. The plaiifr recpiires careful attention during tlie hot summer months, or the foliage w ill get brown and drop. " Azalea Madame Louis Vervaene. — A most distinct variety: flowers pure white, striped and spotted carnation-like with rosy incarnate. A flrst-class Azalea. ^Izalea IViuniphe de Jfont St. Ariiand. — A line Azalea, with very large double flowers of a clear rose color with pure white ribbon : briglit carmine spot on upper segment. The best of the older varieties of Azaleas are Madame Vandercruysen, Simon Mardner. Empress of India, Emperor of Brazil. Bernard Andrea alba. Saconntala (if Easter is late), and Deutsche Perle (if Easter is early ) . AQUATICS. HV Ml;. K. I). STURTEVAXT. I'.ORDEN TOWN. N. .T. Xymphcva Marliacea chromatella. — Tliis variety deserves unstinted praise. The petals are of a delicate yellow color, and the stamens deep yellow : and the flowers are of fine form and fragrant, and produced continuously from early summer till fall, long after N. ordorata has ceased to bloom. It is of the easiest culture and perfectly hardy. Kymphcea Marliacea var. rosea. — Flowers pink, somewhat lighter in color than tli;jse of X. odorata var. rosea. Have grown it for two or three years. Xymphcea Marliacea var. carnea. — Flowers delicate flesh color. Both tliis variety and the last named one bear fine flowers for a long period, and both are hardy. Eichornia (Pontederia) azurea I introduced in 1890. In habit it is quite distinct fi"om E. crassipes. as it has a creeping stem which rambles in shallow Avater as a verbena does on land. Limnanthemum Indicum. — Though not new in Europe, it is so here. Its white flowei-s are about the size of a silver quarter to half dollar, and dehcately feathered on the entire upper surface, making SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123 them rei^emble snowflakes. The plant flowers fi-eely all siunmer. and is easily ^\'intered under glass. Victoria liandi is the name now given to the new variety of Victoria regla. SOME XYMPH^AS. BY WILLIAM TRICKER. STATEX ISLAXD. N. Y. JV^ymphd^a Mexicana. — I have gi'own this species side by side with N. flava during the pi'esent season : and wliile its habit of growth, size of leaves, and color of flowers show close affinity to X. flava. the I'hizome is different, being smaller and smooth tuberous rooted. Tlie blossoms are also larger and more abundant than those of X. flava. and they ifjjpear earlier iu summer and last later in fall. With X. flava I find it nece^^ary to pick oft' its runners to iuduce it to bloom early: but not ink. John Firth. — (Spaulding.) Soft pink. Lilt/ Bates. — (Spaulding.) Bright pink. 124 PKOCKEl)IN(i.S OK SKVENTH CONVKNTION, Anna M. Weybrecht . — (E. A. Wood.) Pure white; Chinese form. Target. — (Surniiui.) Brigiit crimson, similar to C'lillingfordii or Tokio. Exliibited in Philadelphia under the name of Shenandoah. Yonitza. — (N. Smith & Son.) White Chinese; distinct. Mrs. H. A. Pennock. — (Harris.) Might be described as a yellow- violet Ifose. Beacon. — (Fewkes.) Creamy white; an improvement on Mrs. Langtr^'. Winner of silver medal at Boston. Waban. — (Fewkes.) Pink. A very much improved Robert Crawfoi'd. Jr. 3Irs. John. Westrotf. — (Harris.) Creamy white, shaded with delicate pink ; very large. Flora JliU. — (Craham. ) White. Extra tine variety. Mrs. E. W. Wood. — (Wood.) Kich dark purple. Very distinct. James H Freelaml. — (Wood.) Blush; petals broad, flower large. Beautiful. Pitcher & Manda name Dr. Chas. Brigham. white; John Dyer, chrome yelloAv: AV. W . Lunt. lemon yellow; Kohallion, chrome yellow; John Lane, pink tipped \\\W\ yellow; Etoile de Lyon, white; Harry E. Widener. yellow; Shasta, white; and Mrs. Grace Hill, blush. The first three named are new this year, the rest are considered the best of the introd'.ictions of the ])ast two years. lUI.nOLS I'l.ANT.S. 1!V K. V. HAM.OCK, C^LKICNS, N. V. Amaryllises sa'C g-aining- favor. Meriden, Tendresse. and AN'illiamsii are fine sorts. Aiiomallteca criienta, known in the trade as Scarlet Freesia, from the Cape of Good Hope, has sprays of scarlet flowers. Starts slower and blooms later than Freesia. Brodkeas are Californian bulbs, quite popular with aniateurs. With a winter mulching they arc hardy here. Calochortuses are decidedly good for dealer and consumer. Easy to grow, easy to flower, and bloom well indoors or outside; beautiful and lasting-. I think C. Gunnisoni is the best of all of them. Chionodoxa Lucilice is very beautiful and has become a standard bulb. C. Sardensis is newer, smaller, and of a darker blue color. Crininn Kirkii. from Zanzibar. Bulb, plant, spike and truss of flowers very large. Should be grown in the South until the bulbs reach a large size. liichardia ^thiojnca tmr. comimcta, known as the dwai-f Calla. Is dwarfer and more floriferous than the type. and. too, the flowers are smaller, but of fine shape. SOCIETY OF A:MKKI( AX FLOKISTS. 125 Zephyranthes An(ler.s(j/n'. kiinwii in the trade as Habrantlius. Is yellow flowered and a tine companion plant to the pink and white flowered species. Easy to grow and kee])S well. Gloxinins. — The French tigered and spotted and some other good strains come true from seed. Deflance. scarlet, and Emperor Fred- erick, azure blue with wliite throat, are both flne varieties tliat come true from seed. Tigridia violacea and T. Patacnaro (?) are new this year. T. buc- cifera has small, purple flowers, but they last only a short time and the plant soon runs to seed; these should be cut otl'. hoAvever. T. I'ringiei is a fine species of the Pavonia type, but 1 have found various shades of color in it. Eather a good bulb, and grows very compact. 3fonthretk(s bave thoroughly established tliemsclves in the public's favor, and. too, in the dealer's pocket. They possess all the advantages of a (xladiolus. They are easy to keep. grow, and bloom, and the blossoms are beautiful on the plant or cut. Some kinds have distinct bulbous roots, others more fibrous — doiTt bother with the latter; and some have a better habit than others. The very best sorts are Crocos- mijtflora. Pluie d'or, Transcendent, Soleil Conchant, and Elegans. fj'i.ses. — Among- Kjempfcr's Irises, Alexander. Mahnaison. Gold Bound. Beth Hallock, and Blue Daiuibe are very fine. Iris fberica, although an old plant, is a good oui'. I)ut scarce. I. reticulata, a Iftilbous. early, sweet kind, lias always been high priced, but it is coming doAvn. (rfadioli. — Creole and U. S. (Irant. of Dingee A: Conard. and Miss Dudley and Nydia, of Burpee, and Florence Vaughn are exceedingly fine new varieties of American origin. Lemoine's new strain of Nanceianus is typical of the parents. In Harry Veitch the individual flowers are distinct and good, but set very bad on the spike ; the same is the case in Dr. II. P. Walcott and Cai-not. In other instances the spike is finely furnished, but the flowers lack color and form. New Blue has not brought much blxe Avith it, except to the one avIjo paid $2 for it. The color is bluish Adolet or purplish blue, and quite deep, and the flower is small and shaded, like purpurio-auratus. But much to my surprise the variety is a good groAver. Speaking of blue-flowered (Gladioluses: Ave ourselves have had many, fi'om deep in color to Avhite stained Avith clear blue. In some the bulbs are even blue. But all are poor groAvers. Of ten varieties of these Ave have, five have not yet started to groAv this year, although the bulbs are apparently in good order and healthy. To get up a stock of blue (iladioli is hard Avork and no •■kodak"' process, and this is what surprises me in the New Blue; it is a good groAA'er. Louis Van Houtte. both in Xanceiaims and Ganda- vensis, is so poor as to have no excuse to exist in either section. And I 126 PROCEKDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTIOX, / would ask our Gallic friends why put out eight to fourteen new varieties a year when there is real merit in only two or three? Lilies. — In Lilies there is Lilium ochroleucum, soft yellow, trumpet shaped, from India. L. Gra\i. from Roan Mt.. not unlike a crimson L. Canadonse. but tiie flowers arc not rcflexed. Tlierc is also a small form of L. AVashingtoniaiuuu on the market, and said to possess merit. I don't mean rubescens. L. auratuni niacranthum is very line; and L. speciosum var. Opal will soon be on hand. It is a good one. (1 have had an eye on this new variety called Opal for several years, and seen it in all its stages of growth, rest, multiplication, and bloom, and unhesitatingly pronounce it one of the grandestacquisitions we ever have had in the way of hardy Lilies. The plant is healthy, and an excellent oTOwer and free hlooniiiiii': the dowers are white, si)otted, stained Avith pink. A most lovely lily. — \Vm. Falcokeu.) Dahlias. — A. I). Livoni is the best of all pinks. Triumi)he de Solferino. a veiy marked l)nsh form, with large, intense solferino flowers: Margaret i'.ruant. tlic best dwarf white, on camelli^ttora order; Lucy Fawcett. a show \ variety, early and exceedingly free: Electric, cactus order, brilliant scarlet, very free; White Dove, long stems, toothed petals: Hai-ry Freeman, cactus order, an improvement on TTenry Patrick: Crimson Beauty, a remarkable i)ompone. and Robert Maher, the best yellow cactus Dahlia. Herbaceous Phloxes. — The new ones are wonder.^, shigle florets in many cases cover a silver dollar. Aurore Boreale, Eclaireau, Panama, Paul Bert, Le Soleil, Stendhal, and Fhunbeau are fine. The foliage of Golden Bedder is of a good yellow color. ANNUALS. — 1;Y A\ . A Tl.EE BURPEE & CO. • Asters. — Among the best arc Gomet, Queen of the Market, and the Diamond. Balsams. — The Defiance strain has the largest and most double flowers: individual flowers measure 2 to 2 1-2 inches through. Calendula Oriole, or large flowering bright yellow, is a very large, golden yellow flowered variety; and Royal Marigold Trianon has sulphur yellow blossoms, as big as those of Oriole. Carnation, Ilarguerite strain. — About eighty per cent come true fi'om seed. Dianthus, Dwarf Fireball. — Blood red. Fine for late summer and fall cutting. Euphorbia heterophylla makes a good pot plant for the greenhouse in fall. Lobelia compacta oeulata. — Distinct, robust, compact, free bloom- ing; good for bedding or as a pot plant. SOCIKTV or AMKUIOAN FLORISTS. 127 Candytuft. £)i)j>re.ss. — An extra line strain of Rocket. ]}iastKrtiums. — Aurov'd. yellow, lower petals spotted with crimson; Brown Tied, a rich shade, and Brilliant Yellow, well described in name, are the best of the recent additions. Petunia. — The Defiance strain is a line selection of the best of the iirandiflora type. Phlox Drummondii. — The Fordbrook strain of grandiflora has very large flowers of a wide range of color. The Star of Quedlinbnrg- varieties have been improved immensely of late in size and form, and it embraces about forty shades of color. Salvia far inacea is a Texas perennial, but grows well when treated as an annual. FloAvers blue, or silvered blue, in long, close spikes. Easy to grow, free blooming, and lasts long in flower. Pansies. — Defiance strain has very large, circular flowers of fine substance ; individual blooms measure two and a half to four inches across. Poppies. — Among Ranunculus-flowered varieties. Golden Gate and Shirley are unsurpassed ; and Fairy Blush is the most beautiful of the large-flowered Poppies. Sweet Peas. — Blanche Ferry (or Nellie Janes) is the most profuse and earliest variety. Among the new varieties we would recommend Primrose, a near approach to yellow ; Splendor, briglit pink ; Purple Prince, maroon and purple; Queen of England, white; Boreatton, maroon; Mauve ()uecn, white, delicately shaded with mauve; and Orange Prince, orange, pink, and rose. Among other plants we would especially recommend the Orchid Water Lily (Pontederia o*"assipes major). It flowers better when grown in a tub of water on the lawn than in deep water. SOME HARDY PLANTS. — 15V KDWARI) GILLETT, .SOUTHWICK. MASS. Arenaria G^'eenlandica. — A little alpine, easily grown from seed, forming small tufts of fine narrow leaves and large flowers. Clematis Fremontii. — A low-growing licrbaceous species with light purple flowers, perfectly hardy, and adapts itself to any garden soil. Cooperia pjedunculata and C. Drummondii. — Fine bulbous plants fi'om Texas. The floAvers are white and pink. Pedunculata blooms earliest in the season and has larger and more numerous blossoms than Drummondii. Erythroniuhi albidinn var. coloratum. — A bulbous plant from Texas. Has large white, sometimes pink flowei-s: a thrifty grower, great bloomer, and quite hardy. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVEN I'll ( ( >N VKNTIOX, Sli(jrli(( (fulucifoUd. — Its beauty i^ luiicli overrated, and it is not an easy plant to establish. Tlie interest attarlied'to its rediscovery. after having been lost for a hundred years, lias made it famous. Galax ap/it/Na is, in my opinion, a finer plant. Its floAvers are not show>', but it has such beautiful leaves, from dark green to bright crimson, and it can be grown in shade or sunsjiine. in dry or wet soil. TriUiKm sylosum has beautiful white or ])ink floAvers. and is very easy to grow. Calochortus JinruN conies to us from Mexico, and is a beauty. Tlie outer leaves of the flower are dark mahogany color, and not quite ;is open as are those of Cyclobothra flava. LlHum (rrayi. — Like L. Canadensc. but tlic llowers are darker in color. Nemaiscented wMte flowers. Although not quite new, it is too little known. Tecoma Amboinensis. — A handsome stove climber bearing racemes of large orange-red flowers. Tecoma Bicasoliana (Mackenii). — As this plant comes fi-om South Africa, we may expect it to prove hardy in the Southern States and Southern California. It bears magnificent racemes three to four feet in length of large, showy, trumpet-shaped flowers of a rosy-lilac color. It has done well with me. Wistaria multijuga. — This is the Japanese species, with racemes three feet long, and wiiich we see so often in pictures of Japanese gardens. I have had it for over twenty years. I have a large plant in bush form ; when it flowers it is one of the most beautiful objects I have ever beheld ; delicately and gracefully pendent, from it hang in- numerable two to three feet long racemes of flowers. NEW CANNAS OF 1891. — Bi' HENRY A. DREER. Al2)honse Bouvier. — Foliage deep green ; plant Aery vigorous, but of dwarf habit ; flowers very large and of an intensely rich crunson color. Cajntaine P. de Suzzoni. — Rich, deep green foliage, of strong, compact habit; flowers very large and produced on stout, branching stems ; the color is a rich, golden yelloAV, minutely spotted with cinna- mon red; undoubtedl)^ the best of the spotted sorts. Henry A. Dreer. — The best of tliis year's introductions that has yet flowered with us. The flowers are of very good size, nearly equalling those of Mme. Crozy, but with broader petals so as to form a rounder flower, wliile in color it is of an intensely rich glowing crimson over- laid with scarlet. It is the brightest colored A^ariety yet introduced ; foliage rich, bronzy purple. P. Marquant. — Rich, deep green foliage, of dwarf, robust habit, and has bright crimson-scarlet floAvers of good size. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, NEAV CALADIUMS. — BY HENRY A. DREER, PHILADELPHIA. Barao de 3Ianiore. — Very large foliage, ground color white, ribs sharply marked with crimson and green border; very distinct and line. Crato. — Eich crimson ribs on a white ground with green border. C. JE. Dahle. — Wliite ribs on a green ground with large rose spots. Cuyaba. — Large, transparent, rosy pink foliage, with deep green ribs and veins ; very distinct. D. Wettstein. — Yellowish green foliage, wliich is closely covered with reddish brown spots. Dr. Netthronner . — An entirely distinct variety, with light green foliage, with lighter centre and crimson midrid, the entire leaf being covered with bright red spots. Franz Joost. — Creamy white foliage sujffused with silvery rose in the centre ; large and bold ; entirely distinct. Joaquin Nabiicco. — Deep carmine veins on a I'osy carmine gTound bordered with gray, aiul broad green edge. JS'itherot/. — Bright crimson-rayed centre on a yellow ground. 2fucuripe. — Rosy crimson centre on a transparent creamy white ground, and green border. Tapajoz. — Yellow-green edge with a rosy crimson-rayed centre. Porto Novo. — A distinct variety with large, green foliage, with white centre, thickly mottled border with crimson spots. The above tAvelvc; varieties are a selection from about sixty varieties introduced during the past two years, and are really distinct. The balance of the collection are either similar to old existing varieties, or not desirable in color. MISCELLANEOrS (iKEEXHOUSE PLANTS. — P.Y PITCHER & MANDA. Alocasia Laselliana. — Leaves eight to ten feet long, blade being one third of the length ; deeply sagittate and deeply lobed. Alocasia Jier/iiia'. — Leaves sagittate, slate color above, vinous purple below ^vith green veins; petioles finely spotted with reddish purple. Cuphea Llavce. — Flowers in masses; tubes of the flowei'S red; the opening purplish blue ; anthers wliite. Antlviriiim Baijnohlianum. — Hybrid between A. Ferrierense and A. Andreanum. Leaves like Ferrierense, spathe of same color too, but shaped like that of Andreanum. Anthurium Clarkianum. — Hybrid between A. Ferrierense and A. Andreanum ; leaves lax'ge and broad ; spathe salmon pink ^vith darker corrugations; same shape as in Andreanum. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133 • Anthurium Brownii.^ Same parentage as preceding; spathe bright crimson. Dieffenhachia memorie Costa. — Leaves ^-een, blotched -svdth green- ish wliite, netted vdth green veins, and many white spots scattered irregularly over both sides of the leaves. Dieffenbachia amcena. — Irregularly marked with greenish yellow on a velvety green ground; petioles wMte ; caudex dai'k green. Dracaena Neo-Caledonica. — Leaves large, dark green, with indis- tinct white lines below; stems glaucous purple; strong growing. Dracaena Cantrellii. — Leaves dark purple with red midvein or red margin ; stems glaucous purple ; colors when young. Dracaena argentea striata. — Leaves small, lined with silvery bands. Pandanus amarylUdifolia. — LeaA-es amaryllis-like, scarcely a ves- tige of a spine ; free grower. Pandanus Lvcianiis. — Leaves resemble those of F. utilis in a young state, but they are stitter. and instead of drooping outward, they at first stand upright, then tend to horizontal. FERNS. Asjiidium viridescens. — A large species with bipinnate tapering- fronds, having crenately lobed pinnules; also a variegated Adiantum cuneatum. HARDY PLANTS. Iris Caroliniana, three feet high with blue flowers ; Phlox i^ani- cidata var. Gloire d. Orleans, one and one half to two feet liigh, varie- gated foliage; Helianthus mxltijfori's f/randij)leni(s, very double; Eulalia Smithii gracilis, and semi-double Oriental poppy. BY MRS. HELENE BERGER, SAN FRANCISCO. Styrax Ohassia. — An exceedingly fine shrub from Japan, of somewhat fastiglate form, with ample leaves and a great profusion of white, fragrant blossoms in ^lay and June. (Perfectly hardy at Glen Cove, N. Y., free growing and with delightful blossoms. — W. F.) Magnolia parviflora audi Watsoni, hoihtvom. Japan. Most beauti- ful shrubs or small trees, and sure to bloom. (Two of the choicest gems among shrubs, perfectly hardy at Glen Cove, very free blooming, and plants as small as two feet high bloom nicely. — AV. F.) Idesia ijolycarpa, also from Japan, should be better known. (Only precariously hardy about New York. — "NV. F.) CALIFORNIA PLANTS. Among those that are not nearly as well appreciated in the East as they should be, are, Dodecatheon Clevelandii, Lathyrus splendens, 134 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Delpliiiiiuin nudicaule, D. cardinale, Romneya Coulteri, and Ceanotlius azureus. Our California small bulbs, such as Calochortus, Brodiae, Fritillaria, Camassia, Erythronium, and Trillium, are not as well known and appreciated in the trade in this country as they are in Holland, Eng- land, and France, but they certainly deserve to be. MISCELLANEOUS PLANTS. — BY MR. L. ^V. GOODELL, DWIGHT, MASS. Base Waban. — Fine bedding- variety, good grower, and blooms freely. Canna Star of" 91. — Can indorse all you have written about it. Has been in constant bloom since March. Dianthus Little Gem. — The Bride or a selection fi-om it, and, per- haps, better. Zinnia Hacujeana var. pumila. — Very good. Giant Esrhacholtzia. — Can see no diflfcrence from the common. Arnebia cornuta. — A good thing, but can never become popular, as it bears very little seed, and only flive to ten per cent of it will germi- nate under the most favorable circumstances. Mountain Fleece. — Too late for this locality. ^Siceet Pea Blanche Ferry. — Excellent; distinct; larger and better than Painted Lady. Double Bachelor Buttons (Centaurea Cyanusfl,. pi.). — Good Avhen true. But they need rigid selection. They were sent out too soon. Phlox Drummondii nana compacta Defiance. — A new color in Phloxes, and a gem for pot culture, small beds, or edgings. China Aster Xon Plus Ultra. — One of the most double and best of the Victoria class. Limnanthenium Indicuni. — The most interesting of all small aquatics, and will become popular as it is easily grown. Nymphcea Marliacecz chromatella is perfectly hardy here and finer than ever tliis year. BY MR. R. D. HOYT, SEVEN OAKS, FLORIDA. Mucuna paniculata. — If it will do even half as well North as here, it will be a valuable addition to our soft- wooded climbers. Aristolochia grandiflora is all that is claimed for it, more perhaps in the way of abominable smell. FERNS FROM HONOLULU. Among some nice ones we have from there are Aspidinm cyathe- oides, PoljTpodium spectrum, Cibotium Chamissoi, and Sadleria SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135 cyatheoides. The two last are fine specimeus, with clear stems four to five feet high. MISCELLANEOUS PLANTS. — BY WM. ROBINSON, NORTH EASTON, MASS. Carex variegata, about eight inches liigh and gro^dng in tufts like Isolepis gTacilis, is a beautiful little variegated plant with narrow grass- like leaves. It will yet be heard from. Antkurium Scherzeriamim var. Parisiense has beautiful light pink flowers. BongainviUea glabra variegata is a sho^vy plant with a deep, rich golden variegation of its foliage. Phoenix Itcehelini is a small-grovsang Palm, dwarfer and more deli- cate than P. recurvata. A fine acquisition. MISCELLANEOUS PLANTS. — BY HENRY A. DREER. Sehn/i))eIIa EmiUaiia. — A distinct species. Bright green color, upright habit, forming beautiful specimens six to eight inches high. Asjilenium grandis, Pteris nobilis, and Pteris Victorias are very promising ncAV Ferns. The variegated Impatiens Sultani was raised by Mr. F. Scholes, of Brooklyn. The foliage is beautifully edged, and variegated with silvery white. In all other characters it resembles the parent. Coleus 3Irs. James O. Cowles has long serrated foliage, pea gi'een mth yellow border. MISCELLANEOUS PLANTS. — BY MRS. THEODOSIA B. SHEPHERD, VENTURA, CAL. Abutilon Niobe. — Flowers salmon with red veins and large over- lapping petals like A. Sensation; foliage deeply divided; branches slender and drooping. Abutilon Golden Puff. — Flowers clear rich yellow, shining and waxy, incuiwed and puffed ; foliage large ; habit robust. Canna Anacopa. — Light green foliage, six feet high; flowers rich orange spotted with scarlet, petals long and waved. Canna Comulus. — Habit tall ; flower stems outbrancliing ; flowers brilliant orange- scarlet with yellow throat and small petal, red flaked with yellow, and the blossoms lean outward fi'om the spike. Canna Ventura. — Flowers carmine-scarlet, five inches across; petals one and one quarter to one and one half inches wide, falling loosely; five feet high; dark green foliage. Fuchsia Shandon Bells. — Dwarf, pretty habit ; medium-sized grace- 136 PKOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, fill flowers; sepals pinkish scarlet, Avell recurved; petals creamy wliite ; double ; continuous bloomer. Fuclisia General Vandever. — Climbing habit, rampant; yellowish bronzy foliage ; very large single or sometimes semi-double flowers, with extra long stems; sepals light red; petals purplish crimson. Not for winter blooming. IpomctM Heavenly Blue. — Mrs. Shepherd asserts her belief that this is a hybrid between Ipomira Leari and ]Mina lobata. Annual, vigorous, fi'ee blooming; flowers about size and shape of those of Leari, but of a light, pure blue without a trace of purple or violet in it. 3fanclevilla stiaveolens. large floioering. — More robust than the type; flowers three and one half to four inches Avide, with petals an inch wide, and their rounded sides daintily fluted; in the type the flowers ai"e only one and one half to two inches wide. Carnation American Flag is the most vigorous grower of any of the new Carnations, and has done better than any other of the new sorts with me, SiEBKECHT & Wadley, Ncw Roclielle, N. Y., inform us '' of a few- plants Avhich arc ncAV Avith us and which aac haAe had under cultivation for the last year or two, but Avhich we think have never had any popu- larity in this country. ^^ As2Kiragus decumbens (j^rocumbens) . " Allamanda grandijiora. <* Tillandsia {Bilbergia) species. We named it T. rubro A'iolacea. It is a native of India. << Areca Catachile. — A Palm supposed to be a natiA-e of Paraguay. AYe liaA' e it under cultivation. It is somewhat like Kentia Wendtlandii, though the leaves are not as long, and hence not asarcliingas the above. A handsome decoratiA^e i)lant. ' ' Pteris tremula Smithii, sent out by Richard Smith & Co. , Worcester, England, is a distinct novelty, and in the way of Pteris nobilis and fully as much crested as it is." MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. Rose Toronto is the golden flowered form of Perles des Jardins, raised and grown by Mr, John H. Dunlop of Toronto, and which was seen at home growing and blooming and in fine condition last January by the Executi\^e Committee of the S. A. F., Avho admired it and eulogized it unstintedly. " The habit is dwarf er than that of Perles, but the growth is very robust, and almost always there is only one blossom to the shoot ; flowers large, deep golden yellow deepening in the centre in open flowers to soft rosy pink ; foliage distinct fi'om SOCIETY OV AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137 Perles, larger and deep blood red in youiigest wood like Sunset. It is a j)rofiise bloomer, and in mnter almost free from ' bull-heads.' " A tricolor-striped variegated-leaved Carina. — This was raised by Mr. McPherson, of Toronto, and noA\' handled by Mr. Gilchrist, of West Toronto Junction, and appears to be a very promising variety. As all of the plants we saw were gTeenhouse grown, their variegation was paler than would have been the case in outdoor specimens. JS'everthe- less, it looks well and promises to be better than the variegated AVarscewiczii, or any other variegated-leaved Canna in the market. Cotyledon {Echeceria) John Cotterill, a beautiful and highly tricolor-variegated dwarf form raised by Cotterill Brothers, Toronto. Their description: •• In growth similar to E. secunda glauca; the main stem is delicate pink, the leaves have a pale green centre varying from white and pink to a deep carmine at the edge."' Mantona'' SeedVuKj Echeveria is a glaucous green variety, raised in 1881, by Manton Brothers, of Toronto, from seed of E. metallica. Mantons' Fern. — This is a seedling Fern that originated with Manton Brothers, Toronto, but its parentage is unknown. It is an elegant Fern. The raisers' description: "Habit like Pteris tremnla, and appears to have some of the characters of P. serrulata; fronds two to three feet long, branched and divided, the ends of the pinnje running out long like those of P. serrulata, and sometimes crested. A good grower." Lilitnn WalUchiamim var. svperhum is one of the L. Japonicum sec- tion, and has exceedingly large trumpet-shaped blossoms, white overcast with yellow inside, and powerfully fragrant. As a pot plant, it is easily grown and flowered, and bulblets are often produced at the leaf axils along the stems, thus rendering its multiplication an easy matter. President-elect James Dean writes me regarding it: '• It is a decided ac(iuisition to our Lilies.'' Ilibisciia intermedins is said to be intermediate between the Hibiscus and the Altluva, with a promise of its being hardy. Flowers scarlet, single, medium sized; petals fringed. — E. G. Hill. Ahutilons, L'Africain, very large, dark maroon red; Calypso, the best white Abutilon ever sent out; and Sar/lant, dark blood red. Heliotrope, Fleur d'ete. — Plant healthy grower, producing very lai'ge trusses of white flowers, wliich are very fragrant. A good variety. — A. P. Simmons. Of the Mosquito Plant (A^incetoxicum acuminatum), Mr. J. C. Vaughan writes: "It is really a beautiful tiling, covered with Lily-of- the-Yallev-Iike flowers." 138 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, A nice lot of seedling Nepenthes, obtained from seeds of N. Chelsoni crossed with N. Taplini, are reported by the I'aiser, Mr. G. Bennett, of Flatbush, L. I., who also mentions a running- Bon Seline Rose raised by Kretchmar Brothers, of Flatbush. Agave vestita is reported from tlie Botanic (harden, Cambridge, dis- covered by Mr. C. G. Pringle in Xorthcrn Mexico. A rosetted form with taj^ering leaves nine to twelve inches long, and white threaded edges. Spirsea Japonica multiflora and S. astilboides floribunda are also mentioned and said to be improvements on the types. Mrs. T. (iould, of Ventura, California, tells me of a strain of super- bissima Petunias she has secured bearing flowers six and one fourth to six and one half inches across. Mr. Henry Michel, of ^Marion, Indiana, strongly reconnnends the white Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus latifolius var. albus), and the white variety of Campanula persicifolia, although not new, as indispensable to the florist for a supply of white flowers. ^Ir. Jolni Eblen, of New Orleans, sends me fi'on-ds of an extremely beautiful and deeply and finely fringed variety of Pteris serrulata, and which he says is a seedling of P. serrulata var. cristata. Aquatics. — Mr. Wm. Tricker, of Dongan Hills, Statcn Island, sends me leaves and flowers of the charming yellow Nyniphjea Mexicana, which blooms far more abundantly tlian the Florida N. flava. He also sends me flowers of Dr. Bahnsen's new hardy pink Nymphaea, which is supposed to be a hybrid between N. odorata rosea and N. alba candissima. It is a vigorous and free-blooming Lily, bearing all summer long, large pale pink fragrant blossoms, and he informs me that Mr. McElvcry, of Flatbush, has an unusually larg^-floAvered form of N. odorata which he calls major. ^Ir. Chas. Burr, president of the Springfleld, Mass., Am. Hort. Society, says: " The new Lilliput Zinnias are little beauties, and one of the best tilings I have iu my garden. The Margaret Carnations are good, but need close selection, and the new dwarf variety of it is an improvement on it, but it isn't fixed enough yet. HARDY BULBOUS PLANTS WHICH SHOULD BE BETTER KNOWN. — BY PROF. B, M. WATSON, INSTRUCTOR IN HORTICULTURE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Tulipa Kaufmanniana, also Leichtlinii, fine in every way and perfectly hardy. Tulipa Kolpal-oirskyana , Koralkowi, and lanato, interesting, but not likely to be of much use. Allium oreophyllum (Ostroivskyanam) . — First class, and should be SOCIETY OF AMKKICAN FLORISTS. 139 grown largely ; in the way of A. Moly, but a good pink and not quite so late. Anemone Appennina is hardy, but does not bloom freely. Anemone blanda is fine. Chionodoxa gigantea, sardensis, and Cretensis albifloru are all good and worthy of cultivation (C. Lucilliae is the best, however). Bulbocodium vernum, should be more extensively planted. Crocus speciosus seems the best autumn Crocus, audi do not under- stand why it is not common; first class and perfectly hardy here. Gdlantkus Elivesii is the best. Every garden should be well stocked with it. G. Fosteri is not a success here (in one year's trial). Gladiolus Bi/zantinus, communis, nanus, and ramosus in variety are all hardy here and interesting. Kniplwjia (Tritoma). — Why are they not oftener planted? Fine for decoration when flowers are scarce, both in open air and in rooms. Lachencilia aurea. — Tender; fine for forcing. Lillum umbellatum. — Excellent for open air. Should be planted largely. Also forces well. Narcissus Bulbocodium. — Fine for forcing. All in open air hei'e were winter-killed last winter, but in winter before they came through in first-class condition. Narcissus, named varieties of the '' Trumpets," seem unsatisfactory to me at the prices charged for them, they resemble each other so much; perhaps they will improve with age. iV. poeticus grandiflorus has not yet given aflower stock two feet high and a flower four inches across. Scilla campanulata and 8. nutans should be grown in greater quan- tities. Trillium grandijlorum, ditto. Brodiwa coccinea and B. congesta. — Both were hardy at Plymouth, Mass., last winter, with flowers in June much better than I have ever seen under glass. Iris Hispanica was also hardy at the same place, and beautifully in bloom June 20. No protection except two inches deep of pine-needles. Soil very sandy. Camassia esculenta. — Hardy at Plymouth; forced here well, but came into bloom late in May. Doronicum plantagineum excelsum. — Bloomed under glass (undoubtedly hardy), and promises to be better than any of the old ones ; very large flower. Epemediums force well and are very nice. Eremurus. — Why do we not have E. robustus in the fine form in which Mr. AVm. Falconer furnished it at the Botanic Gardens, Cam- bridge, Mass.? One of the grandest of all bulbous plants. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Hellehorea . — The more I see them, the more I like them, both out of doors and under glass. They should be grown in larger numbers, both in the open air and for forcing. Leucojum vernmn is not new but uncommon. A beautiful plant. Puscliinia Libanotica . — Completely hardy at Plymouth. Mass., and here, and a most interesting addition to siiring-blooming plants. Neophilcea and Trichomma. — I have had no success with either; tried under glass and out of doors. SIIUUBS AND OTHER HARDY PLANTS AVHICH SHOULD BE BETTER KNOWN. — NOTES FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, BY PROF. B. 51. AVATSON. Clematis coerulea odorata. — Promises to be an interesting plant. Clematis viticella. — Garden hybrids, well worthy of moi'e extended use. Clematis erecta. — "Wliy is not tliis a good flower for florists' use? (It is splendid. But where practicable, get the double-flowered variety, as its blossoms are whiter and last longer when cut. It is not plentiful, however. — W. F.) Berber is stenophi/lla. — Very pretty and quite unlike other barber- ries. (Barely hardy at Boston, though. — W. F.) Alyssam gemonense A line yellow, in the way of A. saxatile, but not so bright. Iberis Tenoreana . — Much the earliest and best of the hardy Candj- tufts. HelianthernKms. — The garden varieties of H. vulgaris have been abundantly in flower this year and very interesting ; they need protec- tion. Hypericum calycinum is rather tender here, but very effective both in flowev and foliage. Stuart ia. — Unnamed species from Japan; is now (July 1) in flne bloom and very handsome. This and one or two other Japanese Stuartias are much hardier here than our native species growing side by side with them. The flowers are two to three inches in diameter, and the plant being of fine foliage, promises to be a great addition to our flowering shrubs. Primus pendula (known under many names, generally a longer one), the early floA^ing, weeping Japanese plum, blooms abundant in early spring. One of the very best of recent introductions. The plant is much better to be grafted low and staked, than when worked stand- ard high. It should have a place in every good garden. Prunus Miqueliana seems only a A'ariety of the above. Prunus Jlirobalana seems more worthy of cultivation than the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141 variety Pissardi, whicli is more often seen. (Tlie double forms are fine. — ^V. F.) Primus tomentosa is very good and is now (July 1) in some cases well covered with fruit, wliich adds to its attractions. In the Arbore- tum there is a variety showing a little pink in the flower, which is gen- erally Avhite. Prunus avium multiplex. Prunus avium Jl. pi. Lonicera Sullivantii combines fi'uit and foliage, so continuing the interest in the plant after the flower is past. Andromeda speciosa, with its large bell-shaped flowers, is among the best of its class ; the flowers are now (July 1) just x^assiug. The var. pulverulenta makes a pleasing addition. Symplocos cratm/oides is a charming plant in every way. The flowers, are abundant, and in the autumn comes the blue fi'uit, which is unique. Styrax Americana is a little tender here, but a most worthy plant. (Very lovely, and hardy on Long Island. — "W. F.) Pseudo-styrax Jiispidum bloomed here for the first time this year. It is from Japan, and has been known under the name of Halesia hispida, but it does not at all resemble Halesia. The flowers are white, small, in clusters about six inches long, and borne on the ends of the branches. Altogether it promises well, but there may be trouble in its hardiness. (Perfectly hardj^ at Glen Cove. — W. F.) Forestiera acuminata seems perfectly hardy here. Liyustrum Ibota is fine in masses, now in good bloom in the Arbo- retum. Syrinya Pekinensis has been magnificently in fiowcr in various places this year. It is a great addition. The weeping variety does not seem at all a success. Syrinya Japonica is not as yet apparently so profuse a bloomer. It is, however, very desirable and quite by itself. Incarvillea 01 gee is just coming into bloom (July 1), Its pretty foliage and small bignonia-like fiowers make it a i)leasing addition. Aristolochia Sipho has fruited now for three years at my father's place in Plymouth. Tlie seeds germinate readily. Ekeagnus longipes is certainly a great addition. Corylo})sis pauciflora is interesting on account of the ea;rliness and abundance of its small yellowish white flowers. It stands here with some protection. (Splendid and perfectly hardy at Glen Cove. — ^Y. F.) Acanthopanax ricinifolia seems a great addition to our foliage 142 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, plants; although not so tine, in some ways, as Aralia spinosa and A. Sinensis, it stands the climate better. Viburmim. — "WTiy are not the Amei'ican Viburnums more largely grown? Foliage, flowers, and fruit all make them highly desirable for ornamental planting. Y. Opulis, V. dentatum, V. cassinoides, and V. prunifolium are all good and they should be get-at-able. Lonicera Tartar ica. — Some of the varieties are now well covered with fruit, and so very ornamental. Lonicera Morroxoi is well fruited. Lonicera hella rosea, atro rosea, and alhida ai'e perhaps even better than the tAVO foregoing kinds in this respect. Primus Cerasvs ranunculiflora (I do not think any of these are new) are all good double-flowering Cherries. Prunus Chamcecerasus is certainly well worth gi'owiug for foliage alone. It should be worked low (about eighteen inches) for this pur- pose. Spfroia discolor rar. arioifoUa is now (July 1) just coming into fine flower. Unfortunately it is " bothered '' by the climate. Spiraea canescens is a fine plant, somewhat resembling an extra good form of the common Meadow Sweet. Biibns deliciosus is not as common as it should be. BubKS frufiro.siis ff. pi. — A white-flowerod form. There is in the Boston parks a double pink Kubus. The pink-flowered plant is the best. Bosa Wichuraiana (R. bracteata of many nurserjoiien's lists) is a most desirable plant. It seems to me that its hardiness is not yet beyond dispute, but it has stood here a number of years, and is largely grown in Franklin Park. The bright green, glossy leaves and large pure white flowers coming in July, after all the Roses, except R. seti- gera, are out of bloom, makes it of great interest to the grower of hardy shrubs. About here it is kept trailing on the ground, and so makes pi'otection easy. Ito.sd repens. — The type from wluch probably the Ayrshire Roses came is very pretty and interesting. liosa (/randijiora. — A large single, early blooming Rose, which appears to be a variety of R. spinosissima. Very handsome indeed. Rosa mult i flora. — Mr. Dawson has a large number of hybrids of this Rose, with various hybrid perpetual and other Roses. Most of them are very interesting, and they will prove great additions to the garden. Xone have as yet been put into the market, but some have been shown at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society meetings. One, perhaps the best grown out of doors, is seven to eight feet high, and has been covered with hundreds of bright red flowers in clusters ; each SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS. 143 bloom is double or semi-double, and of the small size which marks the R. multiflora blood. They are unique, and besides being perfectly hardy, do not at all resemble the Polyantha Roses. Photinia villosa. Pourthicea arguta. — Tavo plants, coming near the Amelanchiers, wliich promise to be good additions to our list of shrubs. The foliage is fair, and they have an abundance of white; flowers somewhat resembling the Cratfeguses. Pyrus haccata (the P. floribunda of the nurserymen's lists) cannot be too highly recommended. Fothergilla Gordoni (F. alnifolia) should be more commonly planted. Bhododendron {Azalea) Vaseyi is one of the best new shrubs we have had here for the past ten years, and is a capital subject for cross- ing. Bhododendron {Azalea) arborescens is quite like R. viscosum, but distinct enough to make it a valuable addition. Deutzia parvijlora is a handsome flowering shrub, and unlike any other Deutzia. HARDY PERENNIALS, WHICH SHOULD BE BETTER KNOWN. — i;V MR. J. W. MANNING, READING, MASS. Chysanthemum lacustre was shown in line form, by ]\Ir. X. P. Kidder in r.oston the other day. It has large, white floAvers with yel- low disk, and blooms late and has none of the weedy features of the white weed, or C. maximum. Achillea Le Pei'le and A. I^armica fl . pi. are indispensable. The first is very fi-ee and copious, and has large pure wliite flowers, but is a little weedy as to spreading in the ground ; the last named is too old and useful to need remark. Aster ptarmicoides, for August and September wliite flowers, is desirable, and it is neat, rather dwarf, and easily grown. A. longifolia var. formosissima makes a dense self-supporting bush, and bears a wealth of rosy or purplish pink flowers. Very desirable. Aster apectahiUs in color and habit is good. Ve7'onica spicata var. alba has pure white flowers; of much serAdce to florists; V. incana for cutting or bedding is a gem; V. amcethystina gives us a choice blue in June ; and V. longifolia var. subsessilis is particularly showy, but the stock of it in the country is limited. Eulalia gracillinia var. univittata has come to stay. It is the most graceful of all the ornamental Grasses. Aira ccerulea var. variegata is a pretty dwarf Grass suitable for edgings. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, Arnieria vulgaris car. Laiichiana. — Deep rosy red, is the best of the seapinks; and A. plantaginea var. rosea, clear deep pink, very showy and continuous blooming-. Heuchera sanguineahQ.ii mce, o^en clusters of deep crimson blos- soms; continuous blooming; grand. The perennial Candytufts are g^aining' in favor. Iberis Tenoreana is the earliest; I. corrjeafolia, next. The double-flowered I. semper- vix'ens is not as good as the single one. (Enothera glauca var. Frazeri has large, cupped, glowing yellow flowers; fine. Astilbe (iSpircea) Jtijxj/n'ra rar. grandijlora is larger and better than the common form, and must supplant it. Spiroia astilboides is very fine, and when plentiful enough florists will force it in quantity. Achilhfa tomentosa gives us a fine bright yellow. Eiiphorbia corollata in July and August is exceedingly useful for cutting. Spircea palmata, carmine crimson, and its white var. alba are fine. (Sometimes, but generally, it is not nearly so satisfactory as S. venusta. — AV. F.) ' Doronirum plantaginevm rar. excelsinn is the best of its class, and I), caucasicum, though less floriferous, is also fine. Anthemus tinctoria, though not new, is fine. It blooms for a long time, (rood for the plant trade. Alstrcevierias are fine for cutting, but not trustworthily hardy. Hybrid Potent iUas. — The self-colored ones particularly will be sought for. Gypsophila repens is a dwarf creeping plant, earlier and larger blooming than G. paniculata, and worth having on this account. G. acutifolia, though large and coarse, prolongs the blooming i^eriod. Veronica spicata rar. alha has pure white flowers; of much service to florists. Phlox ovata, about eighteen inches high, has medium panicles of pink flowers that come in between P. subulata of spring and paniculata of late summer, and is a really good thing. Pyrethrum uliginosum, white, August and September, has come to stay. Helianthus Imtiflorus {H. rigidus var.i) — Yellow, approaching orange-yellow, of perfect form. One of the finest of all. Malva moschata var. alba, if kept free from heavy seeding, gives a large measure of flowers. Aspernla hexaphylla, after the fashion of Gypsophila, but earlier. Lychnis Chalcedonica, double scarlet and double white. Splendid perennials, but the stock is limited. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145 Pyrethrums are vei\y desirable and here to stay. Viola cornuta var. alba blooms for a long time. Dicentra eximia, wherever planted under proper conditions, has captivated the planters. Clematis ixmiculata, for cut flowers iji September, should be planted liberally. Boltonia latisqiiama. — For cut flowers excellent, and a tremendous bloomer. Delphinium grandijlorum (Chinensis) will yet create a furore among the florists. Platycodon is good in all its forms. But the wliite and double white and the dwarf IVIariesi are the most desirable. Lychnis diurna var. fl. x>l., clear red, veiy double, and blooming fi-eely and for a long time ; particularly valuable for Decoration Day flowers. Coreopsis lanceolata, C. grandijlora, and C. auriculata are all good, but we still consider C. lanceolata the best. THE EXHIBIT AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. Secretary Stewart here stated that the special committee which had been appointed at the request of Mr. AUison, Acting Chief of the Department of Hoi'ticulture of the World's Columbian Exposition, had prepared a report wliich they were now able to submit. He then read the f olloAving report from the committee : — Your committee appointed at the request of Mr. Allison, Acting Chief of Department of Horticulture of the World's Columbian Expo- sition, beg leave to submit the follomng for your approval. Many suggestions have been made, but those considered by us of great and vital importance are briefly these : — First. Lnmediate action. Many immense specimen plants must be brought from the tropics. Success with these requires a year's careful growth before the Exposition opens, and our work can be conducted successfully but six months of the year. Second. Ample outdoor space must be provided. In the displays of Tulips. Hyacinths, Gladioluses, Dahlias, Roses, Clematis, etc., 'as well as annuals like Pansies, Phlox, Asters, etc., liberal outdoor room is absolutely essential for a representative international or even American display. Third. The co-operation of the owners of private conservatories of the country, by whom we believe many grand sj)ecimens will be donated which could not otherwise be secured. Fourth. We pledge the united efforts of this Society in the direction of harmonious work with the World's Columbian Exposition to make 146 PROCEKDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, the horticultural display in 1893 the grandest the world has yet known, and to harmonize with the gi-eat displays prepared on all lines of human industry. By the committee, llOBT. Craig, Chairman. J. C. Vaughan, Secretary. Discussion of the report was invited. Mr. John Chambers, of Toronto. Mr. President, I would like to supplement what has been so well said by Mr. Vaughan or Mr. Craig in tliis report, by saying that I think this Society should take action on the matter, and should take action at once. We all realize that the preparations for a great horticultural exhibition cannot be made Avithin a period of one or two months. Tliere is a great deal to be done. I would like to see, as would every one in Canada like to see, the World's Fair a success. I would like to see there plants from every part of America. Here in Canada we may not have establishmeiits that can make a great exhibit, but we have a large number of private places in wliich plants are grown. I would like to see every one of those places exhibit a plant that would reach to the top of this hall. I think that, by united effort, by taking up one plant here and one plant there, our people in Canada can aid in making a creditable show, and one in which all parts of the country will be represented. I think it due to ourselves to appoint a committee in this matter at once. I therefore move that a committee be appointed to take into consideration the mat- ter of gathering together the exliibits for the World's Fair. Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT seconded the motion. Mr. Chambers's motion was adopted by a unanimous vote, and the President was authorized to appoint the committee. Mr. Chambers. Mi-. President, permit me to add, for this is what I intended to say in the first instance, that I would like to see the Society of American Florists make an exliibit as a Society, and to take charge of the exhibit. In fact, I intend to suggest to the committee, when it is appointed, that they make application at once to the man- agers of the Exposition for an allotment of space for a special exhibit at the AYorld's Fair. I will not specify now the amount of that space, but it might be, say, 5,000 feet. Then the management may see that we mean business. The President inquired of how many members the committee should consist. Mr. Chajvibers. I would suggest that, as the territory to be repre- sented is so extensive, the committee should be as large and as repre- sentative as possible. Mr. Chas. p. Anderson, of Fluslung, N. Y. Would it not be well SOCIETY OF AMEKICAX FLORISTS. 147 for the Vice-Presidents of the clifterent States to be upon that commit- tee? I would ofler that as an amendment. The President. The Chair would state to Mr. Anderson that the names of manv of the Vice-Presidents for the ensuing- year have not yet been sent in. If onh' a portion of them are appointed, the com- mittee would hardly be a representative body. Mr. AxDERSOX. I withdraw the amendment. The President here constituted the committee as follows: Messrs. John Chambers, of Toronto; Kobert Craig, of Pliiladelphia ; H. A. Siebrecht, of New York ; and F. L. Harris, of Natick, Mass. ; with power to add to their number, if necessary. FINAL RESOLUTIONS. Mr. J. I). Caioiodv, of Evausville, Ind., Chairman, presented the following report from the Committee on Final Resolutions : — Resolved. That the thanks of this Convention and of every member of the Society are due to the officers and the Executive Committee for their active, able, and conscientious work in promoting by every pos- sible means the welfare of the Society and the usef nlness of its annual meetings. Resolved, That the Society of American Florists, in Convention assembled, tenders to the Tctronto Gardeners' and Florists' Club its grateful acknowledgment of all that has been done to promote our com- fort and add to the pleasure of our sojourn in their beautiful city. Resolved, That our thanks are especially due to the Mayor and the City Council botli for the very cordial welcome that we have received, and for the placing at our disposal of this ideal place of meeting, a building more perfectly adapted for our requirements perhaps than any we have yet had. Resolved, That to Alderman TIallam for his lavish hospitality at Rosedale, to the Victoria Club for throwing open to us the doors of their admirably appointed establishment, and to Warden Massey for his unfailing coui'tesy to all visitors to the institution under his charge, the thanks of this Convention ai'c especially due. Resolved, That the press of Toronto are entitled to our cordial acknowledgment of their success in accurately reporting the proceed- ings of this Convention, and of their good taste in refraining from publishing any but faithful and lifelike portraits of prominent members of the Society. Resolved, That the thanks of this CouAention and of the whole Society are due to our essa\ists for their very able and successful effort in making this meeting both entertaining and instructive. (Signed) -J. D. Eaynolds, Chairman. Patrick O'Mara. J. D. Carmody. 148 rUOCEKDIXGS OK SEVKNTH CONVENTION, On motion of Mr. J. L. Dillon, of F>loomsbni'<^', Pa., the report was adopted by a unanimous vote. NEW IDEAS IN GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION AND HEATING. The Question Box was here reached; the first item being, "New Ideas in Greenhouse Construction and Heating-."' Mr. E. G. Hill, of liiclmiond, Iiid., Avho had been assigned to make a reply, read the following- response : — The enterprising management of the "American Florist," through their correspondents, have stolen nearly all my thunder on the subject assigned me, for in recent issues of their paper they have given most of the i)oints on which I was supi)osed for the moment to hold a monopoly. It Avill pcrliaps not be amiss to reiterate Avith emphasis the usefulness and practicability of some of the sujiposed ''new ideas" there mentioned, and at the same time give double emphasis to the importance of some ''old and well-established points" in greenhouse building which are well known to the fraternity, while at the same time they are ignored in the great majority of cases. Construction. 1. Posts. Wlicrc wood is used, red cedar is preferable, on account of its known durability; mulberry comes second, with locust third. Red or Tennessee cedar costs 5 in. x 5 in. x 8 ft. long, 70 cents each, in Cincinnati; 6x6, 10 ft. long, $1.10 Hewn posts of red cedar about 5x4 and 7 ft. long can be had for 40 cents ; these will answer, though sawed posts are preferable. The price of these posts, in cedar, mul- berry, and locust, varies according to location, of course. 2. Setting the Posts. By all means place a large stone under each post; or, instead of digging the hole, use a post auger, set the post, and rill up Avith liquid cement; in this method great care must be taken in the alignment of the posts, for after the cement is set it is impossible to readjust thom. Too many florists are like the old gentleman Avho wasted a great amount of money on the education of a very mediocre son. Complain- ing to the president of the college of the meagre results jiekled for so great outlay, the educator replied. '' It's a mistake, friend, to try to put a thousand-dollar roof upon a fifty-dollar barn." Too many of us, who use excellent judgment in other matters, may be seen putting- splendid roofs, the finest of glass, and a good ventilating apparatus upon oak or other quick-rotting material, only to see the structure go to wreck in from six to ten years. A splendid purlin is made of galvanized one-inch pipe, fastened by SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOKISTS. 149 strips of the same metal to each sash-bar ; these purlins are also used to convey water through the house, thus doing double sei-vice, in sup- porting the roof and also acting as water conduits. We ream out the T's so that the upright supports are readily adjusted, ^^^thout having to cut purlin every six feet, this being the distance the supports are apart. At proper intervals the down pipes or supjjorts have water cocks with hose attachments. AVith adjustable joints, the ventilating shaft may also carry and temper the water used for syringing, and why not avail ourselves of every possible advantage in this line in ranter? The direct rays of the sun acting on these j)ipes take the cliill off" the water in an incredibly short time. Are there not many other ways in Avhicli natural forces may be made to work to our advantage? Doubtless tlie answer to the question next in order will bring out the application of some of these latent forces. Benches. The posts for these sliould be of the same material as that used for supporting the roof; the loss to the fraternity by falling benches and decaying material is something frightful. AVaste, waste, both of time and money, with no end of vexation and trouble. For side benches we simply mortise into the posts supporting the houses, using a light second-hand T rail from the street railway, which can be bought at the current price of old iron in most of the larger cities. Ours cost $22.50 per ton, making the cost per lineal foot about eleven and one half cents. We use this T rail for cross supports, on which are run the lengthwise rails for supporting the bench bottom. For slate, the rails are i)laced lengthwise, eighteen inches apart, thus using three lengthwise rails for holding the slate: this gives a side bench three feet wide whei"e eightcen-inch slate is used. The centre bench is formed in the same way, except that the cross rail is placed on top of the posts, which are bedded in the ground eighteen inches. The side boards are the one weak point in this bench system. They are held in position by galvanized iron straps, which pass through two slits in the board and clasp around the outside rail, thus holding it upright; we use these strips every four feet. The ''American Florist" of July 30 makes this very plain; those contemplating the use of the rail will tind an excellent illustration of the plan on page 983. AVe have also used clay slabs for the bottom of benches, and like them very much, but they are both heavy and expensive. AYe think, however, that they might be made by brickmakers in better style and at more reasonable figures, if they could be assured of enough trade to warrant them in making proper moulds and furnaces for their manu- facture. In using slate, care nuist be taken to select a good quality of one 150 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTIOX. fourth inch stuft', as occasionally a soft slate is met with that ^^ill soften and crumble when exposed to the moisture and heat of a gi-eenhouse. First-quality slate, 18 x 18 inches, costs $7.50 per 100 pieces, or 3 1-3 cents per square foot, or $33 1-3 per 1,000 square feet. Tliis makes a cheap bottom when its durability is taken into account. Objection is made to this material for benching purposes, as it is so responsive to heat that it burns the roots Avhcn they come in contact with it. Some of the best growers condemn it for this reason; as I have only used it for benching pots, I can neither verify nor disprove the statement. Red cedar bottoms for holding the soil of Carnation and Hose beds wei'e used with good results, and if this material lasts as mcU in board as in post form, it will solve the i)roblcm of a durable and permanent bottom. A\^e bought posts of suitable length and had them sawed into boards, which cost when rii)ped$38 per 1,000 square feet, about double the price of good pine or hemlock. If cedar wall last twenty years and pine only four years, it makes a net saving of .*34, to say nothing about the building of the bench three additional tunes. Often we venture to trust the pine bottom one year more than we should, and to our grief, one board gives here and another there, and fungous growths show throughout the bench. If clay slabs can be had at a reasonable price, and these placed on iron supports resting on strong piers or posts, then we shall have an ideal greenhouse bench. For sides of greenhouses, also for roofs and sides of sheds, we use steel sheeting or iron, that pressed into brick form makes a neat and durable siding, especially if lined oft" in white. We use felt or tarred paper on the boards to which tbe steel is nailed. It renders the house fireproof from outside influences. Heatinrf. I confess to this assembly that the more I experiment in this line the less I know. I have nothing to sa>' on this head, save that we carry the supply steam for each individual house overhead, distributing and returning the same at the farther end in pipes placed under the benches, thus making a complete dowuAvard grade from the highest point directly over the boiler, until it is again returned to the boiler. Instead of suspending the pipes or having them expand on wooden supports, we use 3-4 inch iron pipes, wliich reach from one post across to the other, and work in auger holes about two inches in depth, thus practically making a complete set of rollers on which the pipes expand and contract. The advantage of this is obvious where the piping is laid under the benches. This ])lan works equally well with steam or hot water. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 151 I have notliing further to say on this point, but there are plenty of specialists in greenhouse heating present, who can doubtless post us up to date on all the latest improvements in tliis important department. An additional response on the subject by Mr. J. N. May, who had also been designated to reply, was read, in the absence of Mr. May, by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows: — NEW IDEAS IN GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION AND HEATING. The above question, having been assigned to me, I fear Avill hardly be treated as it deserves, or as manj^ of the members of tliis Society could do, for the reason that I have had but little actual experience in this line of late, not having built a greenhouse in four years. This, I doubt not many of you will tliink, looks like standing still. Well, with the present condition of the cut-flower trade in the East, I tliinlv it would be far better if we all stood still for a season or two. In other words, it would be far better for the trade if there was not another foot of new greenhouse constructed for two or three years, for tlie simplest of all reasons, namely, that the supply exceeds the demand ; and ever)' business man in tlic country understands fully what that means to any trade, and jnore particularly to ours, whose produce is of such a perishable character. But, Avith your permission, I will return to the subject named, and give you the ideas I have gained in the past few years by observation. First, I tliink we have not yet obtained the midlum in 2i(ii'i'0 either in a greenhouse proper or in the heating of the same. Every so-called ^' modern sj^stem" I have yet seen has many points that can be improved upon, both in the construction and heating. That some of them have not many good ])()ints about them I am not going to gainsay for a moment, but the perfect greenhouse, or greenliouse heating system, is a tiling yet to come, and that we shall see it in the near future is, I tliink, very probable ; for with the enormous demand all over the country in the past ten years for this class of buildings, it has stirred up builders and designers to such a pitch that they ai*e bending all their energies to attain tlie desired object. Some tirins of liuilders have recently been making considerable improvements in iron and wood combined, using iron posts and iron rafters at about eight feet apart. These are braced together with angle iron purlins front and back, and supported by one column to each rafter, using wooden astrals to bed the glass in. The benches are also supported by iron standards and bearers, making very light houses. The greatest drawback against these is their first cost, which is much too high for the general florist; another tiling about them which is detrimental is the liability of the woodwork form- 152 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, ing the sides to rot out so quickly from the contact with the iron where moisture can collect. In the heating of greenhouses the subject is an inexhaustible one. Very much is being continually written upon the subject, yet how few of lis really understand the true principles. A few years ago the down-hill (so called fi-om its style of construction) system of circu- lation of hot water under pressure was strongly advocated by many as much the best way, and many of the Avriters were so emphatic abont its advantages that I adopted it for a range of houses I was then building; but it was an expensive experiment, and after two seasons' trial I changed the whole system to that of carrying the hot water to the highest point at the farthest end of the greenliouses from the boiler, or on just the same plan as is generally followed by circulation under gi'avity, and any one who will give the subject a little careful considera- tion will see that it is the only correct principle. Hot water, being- much lighter than cold, will always struggle to get to the highest point possible, and have a strong tendency to cling there as long as possible, or till absolutely forced away by a warmer volume. Hence when placing a large pipe directly or as near as possible over the boiler, and from there carrying the pipes on a down grade all through the houses, a very large volume of the heat will be lost in the highest point, where it is absolutely doing no good, hence additional cost of fuel. Many to-day are advocating steam as the best means of heating, and undoubtedly those who have substituted a good system of steam for a poor one of hot water can find considerable advantage by it; but mj' advice to those having a really eflacicnt system of hot Avater heat- ing is to go slow in changing it. But, as I fear I have exceeded the time allowed to answer this question, I will close by advising a more liberal use of co:*oion-sense in greenhouse building and heating. The day for heavy cast-ii'on pipe will soon be numbered among the past. Two-inch wrought-iron gas pipe can be put up much easier and cheaper and will do the Avork equally avcII, and is very much easier changed at any time it is necessary to do so. In building a new greenhouse, put it up with the very best material you can aflibrd to buy: build as lightly as possible consistent with strength, using glass fourteen or sixteen inches Avide ; thoroughh^ coA'cr every joint Avith white lead and metallic paint before nailing it together; prime eA^erytliing thorouglily with the same material, and never let your greenhouse sufter for the want of paint ; it adds very much to the neat ajipearance and much more to the durability of the same. For all sections south of New York, and where practical, I think a front sash under the front gutter or plate is a A'aluable addition, more particularly Avhere summer flowers are wanted to be grown in them, SOCIETY OF AMElilCAN FLORISTS. 153 as it helps very materially to keep down the hig'h temperature ; but care must be used in the fall, or they may be a positive injury rather than a benefit. A third response, which had been forwarded by Mr. F. R. Pierson, of Tarry town, N. Y., was also read by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows : — XEAV ideas in GREEiSTHOUSE COXSTRUCTIOX AND HEATING. I do not knoAV as I will advance any new or novel ideas, but in the short time allotted will try and call attention to what I consider some of the most advanced ideas in reference to greenhouse construction and heating-. The first thing I consider of importance in the construction of greenhouse buildings, in these days of close competition and reduced rates, is durability. As to what expense one would be warranted in going in order to secure such durability, that would depend largely on the capital available ; but where circumstances favor, and the necessary amount of capital can be commanded, there is no question in my mind that the best houses in the long run are the cheapest. Heretofore, large profits have induced the cheapest kinds of buiklings, the object being" to secure the most glass for the least money, many growers say- ing", " I can well afford to tear down and rebuild the house from the additional profits v.'hich the increased glass will aftbrd," but Avith falling- markets and decreased reveiuies, the time is fast approaching Avhen such loose business methods Avill only result in failure. With capital at five per cent, to my mind tliere is no question but what the best greenhouse that can be built is advisable. In the new houses we have just erected, we have used a continuous solid iron rafter running- from the ridge to the ground, set in concrete blocks, Avhich makes iirobably the most durable construction possible, as the iron rafters, being contin- uous and solid, cannot be aflfected by decay, and in consequence the roof wiW remain fixed and solid, although the sides of the building-, which are the parts most subject to decay, should become so rotten as to possess little if any strength. "WHiat the ribs are to a boat, the rafters are to a greenhouse ; any defect in these, and the house soon requires rebuilding. Our idea -in construction has been to secure practically an indestruc- tible rafter, as we consider the life and strength of the house are depend- ent upon this. Many are now putting considerable iron in the roof in order to lighten it and secure as much sunlight as possible, as it aflbrds the least obstruction to the rays of the sun, being of less bulk, j^et are still using Avooden posts and plates. In this combination of wood and 164 rKOCEEDiN(;s ok sir\i:xTii coxvkxtiox. iron, a lar<;x' proportion of the expense of the better Iiouse is incurred, and the particuhir advantages of the entire iron rafter lost, as siicli a house is but little better than tlie regular conventional wooden house so far as strength is concerned, as the weak parts of the house are the sides, where the most moisture accumulates and most decav occurs; for no matter liow good a roof is, if the posts on Avhicli the roof rests become weak tlirough decay, the roof settles, g-lass breaks, aud the house soon becomes practically valueless. Of one tlving' I am tlior- ouglily satistied: gTcenhouse benches should be built entirely of slate and iron, these aftbrding- tlie most desirable materials of which tliey can be built. ^lany tliink that the cost of these precludes their use by the average Horist ; but 1 tliink when the matter is thoroughly looked into, but one conclusion can be arrived at, viz., that there is no question but the use of suchbenclies would show a large protit in every case. There is notliing' around a greenhouse" which decays so rapidly, requires such large repairs and such frequent renowings as the average bench ; so much so, that the average life of a greenhouse bench as ordinarily con- structed Avill hardly exceed live years, and as an average I consider this an outside tigure, as when built of the cheapest material as they usually are, three years sometimes is their life instead of five. Aside from first cost, there is one loss occasioned by the frecpient renewal of the benches which is very seldom taken into consideration, and that is, the loss of a crop or the partial loss of a crop through the time consumed in tearing- down the old benches, cleaning- the houses, and erecting' the new ones. Let the florist calculate as closely as he will, more time is consumed in this operation than should be, and the result is the house is planted so much later than it ought to be, that crops are very often discounted twenty-five per cent in value, which would pay the entire cost of the best iron bench. Our system of constructing greenhouse benches we consider superior to anything we have ever seen ; whether I can describe our method to make it intelligible in a few words or not, is a question. In our iron rafter house a 1 3-4 inch angle iron is bolted to the perpendicular rafter that forms the side of the house at whatever height the bench is to be built. On tins rest the 1 1-2 inch T irons, which are used for the cross-bearers of the bench, placed every four feet apart, the front of the angle irons being drilled to receive a bolt to hold the clam]) (which is an ordinary cheap casting), Avlfich is used as a socket in Avhich the leg of the bench rests, the legs of the bench being made of common one-inch wrought pipe. The cross- bearers are drilled on the upper or T side, front and back, in order to bolt a light 1 ;]-4 inch angle iron to them, drilled every four feet to correspond. These angle irons are also drilled on the other side for one-inch screws, and to these angle irons yellow pine strips five inches SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 155 in width are screwed, forming the edges of the bench. The inner and outer angle iron, by being" bolted to the cross-bearers, holds the bench together, and acts as an outer and inner support for the slate. To sup- poi"t the slate between, two light 1 1-4 inch T irons are used, which are placed on top the cross-bearers lengthwise of the house, reversed and between the angle irons at equal distances ; these are not fastened in any way to the bearers, which allows them to take up or give a little in case of variation in the slate. Our benches are exact diii)]icates of each other in width, being three feet and four inches in width over all, taking three runs of slate twelve inches in width, centre beds being twice the width, with a ten-inch w^alk between. The amount of drilling required to erect such a bench is very slight, and can all be done at any machine shop at trifling expense. Everything used in the construction of such a bench is standard materials that can be procured anywhere, and consequently such a bench is within the reach of all. The only special casting required is a clamp to receive the iron pipes used for legs at the front of the bench. "We have set the cross- bearers in our new houses on the angle iron, bolted to the upright iron rafters ; of course this could be modified in old houses or houses con- struced diflTcrently. With locust posts, such an angle iron could be bolted to the locust posts, and the cross-bearers could be lengthened out for a brick wall and inserted directly in the wall, or a back leg could be used, letting the bench set on two legs : but where it is possible to enter the cross-bearers into tlu^ brick wall, or where it is possible to fasten the angle iron in a durable way to the sides of the house, it cheapens the bench. One of the most important considerations in a greenhouse is convenience. Everything should be so built that the amount of labor required is reduced to a mininuun, as the time is soon to be reached in this business when it Avill not be a question as to wdio grows the most stuff, but who can run his place the cheapest, that will come out ahead. Everything that c(>nduc(>s to labor saving is a matter of the most vital importance. In our new grecidiouses we have erected we have carried out a great many ideas, which, Avliile not original, embody the most advanced ideas w^e could glean from our own experience and that of others. TiUce the question of liquid manure, for instance; we liave large vats out of doors that can be reached readih' l)y carts, so that the labor in handling the manure is small. The manure is dumped into these vats from dump carts, and water i)umi)ed by steam through a system of pipes into these vats. This is allowed to soak for twenty- four hours or more, when the liquid is drawn off into a slide vat lower than the first; two valves close the pipes, one leading to the first vat, and one from the Avell from which our water supply is obtained, and the same pipes and the same pump are used to distribute the liquid 156 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, manure. AYe liave such perfect control of it that we use weak hquid manure regularly once a week and occasionalh* oftener, and no moi-e tune is occupied than would be in watering- the place regularly. The amount of labor saved by this arrangement will be best appreciated Avlieu we state tliat we can now water the place with four men Avith liquid manure in two hours, wiiereas by using cans it took four men two days to go over the place before our present arrangements were in opei-ation. The diflerence in cost between the two methods would make a substantial profit alone in twelve months. In Rose growing a large item of cost is the annual removing and refilling of the soil in which the Roses are grown. We use small tram car w^heels and dump cars, the sides of the benches being used as tracks. These cars are made large and run through the centre of the houses, caiTjang as much soil as a good stout boy can push, more soil than four boys could carry. AVhen emptying a house, several cars are used and two or three men are employed filling the cars. As fast as a car is loaded, a boy propels it to the end of the house, where it is dumped into a cart in Availing and brought back: during the time occupied in running do aa'Ii the first car, a second car is filled up by the same gang of men, which keeps them constantly employed. By the time the second car is filled, the first has been emptied and returned, so by the use of two carts to carry the soil aAvay, and two or three cars in a house, the men are occupied constantly, and the great('St economy secured in labor. Our houses are 304 feet in length, Avith doors at either end, which necessi- tates carrying the soil only 150 feet to the farthest point, and this is rapidly reduced as the houses are emj^tied. This may not be pertinent to the question I am considering, except in so far as the question of construction Avould admit of the use of such cars, and for this reason I consider it pertinent. An idea seldom thought of, but very important, is the location of the walks and the purlins Avith reference one to the other. We use di-ip bars, wliicli we consider a decided advantage, as they reduce the drip in a house A^ery mucli, but the question of the loca- tion of the purlins Avith reference to the walks, CA^en AA'ith the use of drip bars, is still a matter of vital importance, especially where liigh- grade Roses are grown. Drip in midwinter on Roses, such af La France or American Beauty, will often destroy flowers Avorth fifty cents to one dollar each. By locating the purlins over the walks, almost cA'ery bit of drip in the house that would do any damage could be obviated by such location of the purlins ; this is possible, as in our new houses nojie of the purlins are over the benches. Some will say there should be no drip in a properly constructed house, but Ave find the drip that causes the damage is that produced from condensation from zero and mid- A\inter weather, and not that Avhich comes in from out of doors. That SOCIETV OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 157 is something' that should never occur, and never does when a roof is in proper condition, as it should be. Much has been said and written about overhead heating- pipes, but fi-oni wliat we have seen in other places and from our own experience we have nothing to say in favor of this system. In the tirst place, it disfigures a house ; then thej' are in such a position it is almost impos- sible to avoid striking- them with water when syringing, creating steam, which is a serious disadvantage, as it bleaches high-colored Roses, and tends to soften foliage, and is decidedly detrimental to healthy plant groAvth. Then it is impossible to i)lace the pipes in such position that they will not, some time or other, be in a position whei-e the plants are likely to strike them, and much damage often ensues. Me experi- mented with them in our old houses when first advocated, but they have all been taken down for reasons just given. We believe the use of overhead mains, as commonly used in distributing' the steam from the far end of a house, does not secure the best results. We have adopted on our place what we consider an original plan for the dis- tribution of steam, and after a year's experience can hardly see how it can be improved. As I have already stated, our houses are 304 feet in length, and detached. In order to do away Avith the necessity of carry- ing steam the entire length of the houses, two houses, each 304 feet long, are heated in pairs, the boiler-room for each range being situated between two houses, and midway fi'om either end. The steam mains and returns are, by this plan, reduced to a minimum, each being only fifty- eight feet in length : this main is situated in a trench below the walk through the centre corridor, which is used as a connection between the separate houses, making- access to each house very convenient, the boiler-room doors being- connected on the corridor. We consider the central location of the boiler-rooms a matter of the greatest importance, for several reasons ; first, we have no large mains filled with dead steam, the flow-pipe, as I said before, being- fifty-eight feet in length, and this controls GOO running feet of house. It must be borne in mind that fires are kept for the greater part of the time in moderate weather, and in order to have steam available there must be a pressure on the mains. If but one or two pipes are used in a house, long mains are not economical, for no matter how perfectly they may be insulated, there is always a large percentage of condensation taking- place, and that means loss of coal, and expense. From the central main, pipes are run to either end of the house, returning back on the opposite sides of the house, which makes each circuit some 325 feet, which is about as far as steam can be carried to any advantage under low pressure. Every pipe throughout its entire length is then a flow-pipe, and is brought into the return, Avliich is located three feet below the flow-pipe 158 rUOCEKmNGS ok .SKVENTII t'OXVKNTION. in the treiicli beneath the central corridor; the flow and return mains are entirely out of sight, and the steam pipes entirely beneath the benches. Every pipe has exactly the same duty to perform, and one pipe is the exact counterpart of the other, so that each pipe works exactlj' the same; each i)ii)e takes steam exactly the same, and there is no complica- tion of any kind. No noise is ever heard, and steam can be circulated practically with no indicated pressure. A fcatui'e of this system is the location of the valves. l)()tli the flow and tlie return valves being in the corridor, so that the men, in turning on and off" pipes, are not obliged to travel long lengths of houses if there is a sudden cliange in the temperature. We consider this system, when properly applied and built under the best scientific principles, to be the best system of steam heating for the commercial florist of to-day, especially for Rose grow- ing; as the heat can be controlled at will. In Palm growing, from what experience I have had up to the present time, my preference would be for hot water, as it is necessary, in the ])rofltable growing of Palms, to carry a trifle of heat during the summer; and I believe hot water can be run, when very little heat is required, cheaper than steam; but in all other cases. I should give steam the decided preference. A matter that suggests itself, in reference to the subject under consideration, is the destruction of green fly. (Considerable was said last year about evaporating liquid tobacco. We were decidedly sceptical as to the advisability of evaporating tobacco juice, as we were afraid the moisture generated would tend to bleach American Beauty Roses, of which we are very large growers, and for that reason we experimented with it some time before adopting it generally. Our experiments were satis- factory, and we fitted our whole place Avith pans for the evaporation of the tobacco juice, and after one year's experience can recommend it thoroughly, (xalvanized iron troughs, about tlu-ee feet in length and four inches in width and depth, were fitted to the steam pipes, the steam pipes running through the troughs. By letting the steam pipes run through them close to the bottom, the liquid is evaporated very much more quickly than if the troughs were placed on the pipes, evaporating in about two hours. Tliis should be used more as a pre- ventive than a cure, for if the house was badly infested with green fly, it would take some time to remove them, but used regularly and con- stantly, no green fly will ever appear. AVe have saved hundreds of dollars by the use of this simple remedy, and have demonstrated entirely its desirability beyond all question. We consider it a great advantage to take the chill from water before using for watering in mid-winter. In watering we use a steam pump to pump the water, and the plan we use in tempering the water we think is as good as can be devised, where steam poAver is used. The SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 159 distribution i)ipe after it leaves the pump is thrown into an ordinary galvanized hot water boiler, such as is used in kitchens, entering- at the bottom, the outlet being- at the top. Through the centre of this heater or boiler a coil of one and one fourth inch pipe has been introduced, containing- about fifty or sixty feet. The exliaust steam from the pump is thrown into tliis coil, and in passing- tlu'fiugh it completely condenses, heating- the water to a temperature of about fifty-five or sixty degrees in the coldest Aveather, which is about the normal temperature of the house. The advantage of tliis scheme lies in the fact that exhaust steam is absolute waste, and the lost heat is thus utilized. It is a very practical adaptation, from tliis fact that there is no exhaust steam unless the pump is going, and then the water is circulating, the two conditions being inseparable. Tliis will be of very little value except to a limited number, but where the conditions exist, it is a very satis- factory and cheap arrangement. The danger in putting steam lieating pipes through the heater would be, that when the water had stopped passing- through the heater, it would soon become so hot as to incur danger in its use, as it would soon be raised to a boiling point. It would not be as economical as our plan, where nothing but lost steam is utilized to heat with. It is very difficult, in the limited time permitted in a paper of this character, to treat such a subject as this at all satisfactorily or thoroughly. I hope that the few ideas here given, however, may be of interest to some. Each of the foregoing- responses was heartily applauded. Mr. William L. Herenueex, of Geneva, X. Y. Mr. President, I have been a member of tliis Society and have attended its Conventions for three years, but I do not remember having heard in that time any discussion on the subject of heating greenhouses. I was much pleased to see by your programme that new ideas on the subject were to be advanced to-night ; but I must confess that, with the exception of those in the paper last read, no new ideas have been promulgated this even- ing. I regret that the florists regard the matter of properly heating greenhouses as of so little importance as to give it only a few moments near the end of their closing session, and to talk upon it but once in three years. It seems to me that, when the price of coal is as liigh as it is now, more attention should be given to new ideas in heating green- houses. Since 1888 I have been somewhat instrumental in heating considerable more than two million feet of glass, and have come to this Convention to learn something new on the subject. In conversation to-day. a prominent florist, one who, I believe, has more glass than any other in this country, advanced a new idea, one to which Prof. Taft and I took exception, in regard to the use of very cool smoke when he IGO PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTH CONVENTION, used hot water under pressure. Now, hot water under pressure is a good means for heating a greenhouse, l)ut I do not believe it is possible to have cool smoke when you have hot water under pressui'e, because you cannot very well dismiss your smoke at a lower temperature than that of your water. If you carry five-pound pressure, your water is t\\ o hundred and twenty degrees hot, and that is rather too warm to be known as " cool smoke." Hence I do not tliiidc it is possible to have a very economical system in that way. The speaker here complimented Prof. Taft, of the Michigan State Agricultural College, as one who had given more time to. and had acquired more knowledge of, greenhouse heating than any one else. He concluded by asking that the gentleman referred to be called on to address the meeting. (Note. — The gentleman named not being present, the speaker then called on Mr. P. P. demons, of Syracuse, N. Y., but no response was made.) THE AVORLD'S fair. Mr. James Allison, the representative of the World's Fair manage- ment, being here presented, expressed his appreciation of the valuable co-operation of the committee of the Society, with which he had been associated for two days. He said that he desired also to express his thanks to tlie members of tlie Society in general for similar elfcctive co-operation, lie requested that a copy of the committee report concerning a representation of floral interests at the World's Fair, which had been adopted this evening, be furnished to him, so that he might embody it in the general report to be submitted by him to the management on his return to Chicago. The President informed Mr. Allison that Secretary Stewart would supply liiin with any material required by him. THE QUESTION BOX. The President announced, as the next question in the Question Box, the following, "Is the growing of plants for exhibition purposes in parks detrimental to the commercial interests? " the answer to wliich was assigned to Mr. Thorpe. Mr. John Thorpe replied: I take great pleasure in repljdng to this question. I will say this, that it is to the advantage of all commercial establishments that bedding and exhibition plants should be grown in public parks. From these parks the people are educated to a love of flowers. If there was no opportunity to give them this education, there would never be any demand for the plants and flowers that are gi'own. It is an injury to the public welfare to impede the progress of horticulture. The public parks educate the people in eveiy sense of SOCIKTV OF A:MEKI<\V\ FT.OIMMS. 161 the word. Tlie question is equally as uni-easouablo as it would be to ask, •• Is it a jiood tiling' to build a stable, and not liave a liorse to put in it? * The Pkesidknt. The next in order of tlie (|uestions is the one as to the best method of tempering- hy(b-ant water. Mr. John X. May (at eleven o'clock v. m.) said that as the audience was apparently anxious to retire, lie a\ ould move that the remaining" answers to the ([ue.«tions ])v (h'fcrrcd and be jirinted in the annual report. Tlie motion was adopted witliout olijection. Invitations were here given by Mr. John Chambers to participate in the excursion of to-morrow, and by Mr. Quinn tendering facilities to delegates intending to return home via Ottawa. The Convention then adioui'iied. FOURTH DAY. Friday. Aug. 21. was devoted to recreation, the meml>er> of the Soci- ety with their ladies having been invited jointly by the Toronto Gardeners' and Florists" Club, and a committee of the city government of Toronto, to a sail on the lake. After the labors of the Convention, the membCTS were not slow to accept the generous oti'er of their hosts, and when at 11.30 A. M. the good steamer •• Eurydice ■■ started out from her dock, she carried a most gay and happy i)arty. The weather was all that could be desired, and the bracing air. rhe charming view of the coast, the music by the band, and the impromptu selections by various musically in- clined members. w(n-e all thoroughly enjoyed. Arriving at the Exhi- liition I'ark. a baiHiiiet was found all ready spread in one of the large halls, for which the iiiAigorating air and pleasant com^iany had well prcjiared the guests. After justice had been done to the >pread. toasts and speeches followed. •• The Queen." •• The President of the United States." ••The ^layor and Corporation." ••The Society of American Florists." ••The Ladies." "The Tcn^onto Cardeners' and Florists' Club." all received due attention, and brilliant responses were made Ijy many eloqiient gentlemen. The tinale was the iiresentalioii to Pi-esidenl M. 11. Xortox of a handsome silver tea service, by his many friends in the Society, tlie presentation speech being made 'by Mr. AViij.iam Scott, of Duftalo. Mr. NoKTOX accepted the gift in a brief but appreciative address. After the banquet there was a game of cricket on the grounds adjoining, and later those present were grouped and photographed. NVii.i.ia:m J. Stkwaut. S(^rretin\i/. 162 rui; ameuk ax < iruvsAN tiikmum sociktv TllK AMEIJR'AX C11KY6AXT1I EML'M .SOCIETY. Tlie aniiiKil moetiiig" was licld in tlic ( 'onveiitiou Hall. :i1 'I'oi-onto. Thursday iiioriiiiii;'. President -Jolui Thorpe occupied the ('liaii-. The rciK)rt{)f the Secretary is as follows: — List of varieties reg"istere(l in the fall of 1890 !ind spriui: (»f isid: By Thos. H. Spaukliuo-. Orange. X. ,!.: :\[rs. I). 1). I.. Farson, Clancy Lloyd, Mrs. Kendal. Mattie (". Stewart. Anna M. AVeybrecht, Lizzie Cavtlcdgc. :\rrs. IJ. ,1. I'.aylis. Lily P.ates. .lohn I'irtli. Charles Caiitield. By Mrs. K. M. (;ill: Mrs. Dudley C. Hall. By Messrs. i'itcher A: Manda. Short llil]>. \..l.: Astoria. Atlanta. Colorado. Delaware. Dr. ('lia>. IJriiiinan. .hiliii Dyer, .losephine Sclilicht. Alichigan. Ontario. Oswego. Tyro. A\'. AN". J^unt. SiiHjIc r. I'loral Bark. X. Y. : Mrs. ,7ohu LeA\i.s Childs and Cardinal Sunshade. By Thomas Laurence. Ogdensburg'. X'. Y. : Champlain. (anton. By Xathan Smith & Son. Adrian, Mich.: Youitza, Ai'istiue Aiuler- son. Oeta. Alcazar, and Bobert Flowerday. By Fred Doruer. I^afayette. Ind.: Mistletoe, Mermaid. Innocence, Evaleen Stein. Kda I'rass. Fmma Doruer. Mattie Bruce, and .\nna Dorner. By 11. Watercr, l'hiladelj)hia. l*a.: Eldorado. Kate Bambo. Mrs. Herbert A. Pcnuock. Mrs. John Westcott. Mary AYaterer, and ;M. P. Mills. By George A\'. Aliller. AA'rigiit's Grove. 111. : Lyman J. Thigc, George B. Davis. J. A^. Farwell. Cyrus H. McCormiek. Andrew Mc- Xally. Potter ]»almer, Fred. W. Peck, Charles H. AA'^acker, Bobert A. AYaller. Chas. T. Yerkes, S. AA'. Allerton, Martin A. Ryerson. and Fred. S. AVinston. By C. D. Kingman: Kildare. Leather Stocking, Alpha, Eglantine, Dorothy Tennant. AYarsaw. Rosalie, Blushing- Maid. Bv Georo-e Hollis, South AA'evmouth. Alass. : Edith M. llollis. TIIK AMEIMCAX CHRVSAXTHEMrM SOOIKTV. lCu\ Captain Crosbie. Xaiu. Califoniia. Warrior. Wi'viuoutli Bolle. New- ton's Favorite, Crimson (Tlobe, Jessie K. Crosbie. By J. C. Yauglian, Cliicago. Til.: Beacon. Charles Henderson. J. C. Tauglian. Panrlanus. Mrs. A. Rogers. Tremont. Target (Shenandoali). Waban. Clara James. C. Hartwig. Mary Moran. B,v Edwin A. Seidewitz. Annapolis. Md. : My Maryland. The Sun. The American. The Herald, The Xews. Tlie World. The Journal. The Correspondent. Adele, Lord Baltimore. Ancient City. By E. C. Hill it Co., Bichniond. Tnd.: August Swanson. Flora Hill. Frank Thomson. C. ^V. DePauw. Philip Breitmeyer, INIrs. Isaac D. Sailer, Sugar Loaf. ]?. Maitre. Mrs. J. G. Whilldin. John Goode. Kmily Dorncr. Elmer D. Smythe. European varieties of i-ecent introduction: Suntiower (pronounced by good antlioritit's to be identical with Swanley Yellow). Stanstead White, Mrs. Falconer Jamison. Etoile de Lyon, Mad. Ferd. Bergmaiui. ■Cesare Costa. Rose Tjaing. Cleo])atra, M. Victor Patallier. and Sabine Mea. The following- list is reported as meritorious, they having been dis- seminated within the i)ast two years: H. E. Widenei". Rohallion. Etoile de Lyon. Shasta. John Lane. James R. Pitcher. Ada Spaulding. Flora McDonald. E. G. Hill. Mrs. William Bowen. Violet Rose, Mrs. .1. T. Knilcn. Miss Mimiie Wananniker, Ivory. W. II. Lincoln, Kioto. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, Y. H. Hallock. Aniiole. Mrs. Benjamin Har- rison. Mrs. W. Baker. Mrs. W. Sargeant. Mrs. Hi(>ks/ Arnold. Presi- dent Hai'rison. and Rose Qnecn. There were others i'e[)orte(l. but as tiiey were only sent out in (lie spring' of 18!) 1. it was thought too soon to put them on record. List of varieties reported as being" of doid^tf ul value: Aranza. l>run- liild (poor groAver). Clara Rieman(" too single and a poor grower"), Edwin Lonsdale (jiooi- coloi- and weak grower: the disseminator declares that it will show to better advantage this year). Model (too small). Piquant (too single). Hon. S. Bnnvn (the Hon. John Welsh and .lolm Thor])e. both similar in color, are said to be nuich l>etter). Si)iratis (single). Snow Crest (small), Indiana (small). Golden Fleece (snmll). Tri. de rEx])Osition de ^larscille (malformed flowers). White Cap (Avater-marked n. g.). E. II. Fitler (weak grower). AVeAVa (nor as strong- as ]Mrs. ('. Wheeler, which it resembles in color). Golden Burr (too small), Alohawk (poor color). Tecumseh (poor grower), Mrs. (!. Dissel. Cyclone. Mrs. Carnegie, are all condemned as l)oor growers. There were also several reported in this list that had not been generally distributed. It was therefore deemed adAisable to hold them over for another year's trial. List of members is as follows: John X. Alav. Summit. X. J.: 164 THK A:MKI!I< AX ( IIlv'VSAXTHIOHM SO(li:iV. AV. .1. I'aliiHT. .Ir.. Uurtlilo. X. Y.: D. I). I.. Farsoii. I'liiladol- Ijliia.Pa.: .lolin Lane. ( 'liicaiio. III.: Hoberl ( 'raiii'. Pliilado]])liia. Pa.; Knist Asimis. W'cM ll()l)(>kcii. X. .1.: W . (i. Uci'teniiami. Iiidiana])- olis. Iiid.: \y. \\. Harris. I'liiladclpliia. I'a. : .lohii Harljc. Indianap- olis, hid.: Ansel T. Sinnnuns. (icncva. Ohio: (icortic ( ". \Vatson, JMiiladclpliia. I'a.: IJol)i')l < .corop. Paincsvillc. ( )liio : K. irerljort Tong-, Krir. Pa.: !•;. (i. Hill. Pidnnond. hid.: (iroNc P. Paw son. KIniira, N. ^'.: (reoriic iioiliv. Somh WCymontli. Mass.: W. A. ]\randa. Shoil Tlills. X. .1.: .lanio Morion. ( larksvillc Tcnn.: W. W. Coles, Kokonia. hid.: Plijaii A. Wood. WC-t Newton. Mass.: Kdwin A. Seidewilz. Aiina|ioli>. Md.: M . A. I hiiil . Terre Ihiiile. hid.: .1. .^^. Jordan. S|. Lonis. Mo.: < ). P. r>a>>eti. Hinsdale, ill.: (Jeoi-o-e (J-ardncr, llinxlalc. 111.: .iolni J). hiila\ . Zaiie>\ille. <)liio: .loliii Tliorpe, j'earl Piver. N. ^•.: Kdwin Lonsdale. ClieMiinl Hill. Pliiladelpliia. Pa. .Vinoniit received for nienil)er^lii|) t'ee^. .•<.■)(;.()() J)isbur,scun'nt>. 12.80 Palance on hand. $4:5.20 Prcsidenl Tiioki'K stated thai I he rei)ort of the proceedinjis of tlie nieetin.ii' hold at HntValo had been handed to one of the hovticultural pai)ei"s for i)nl)lieatioii : only a f<'w extracls wei'e pnhlished and the report had not lieeii returned, nor. after rejK'ated attenii)ts to iiccess. it was ajiToed to estal)lish a classitied list of ( "hrysantlienunns accoi'dinii to the .Vniei-iean standard, and Mr. E. A. AV'ood was appoint<'d to jjropare >iieh a list to be submitted to the .\.nierifaii ChrysanthenHim Soeiety at its ue.xt nieetiny for action. .lud.iiin.ii' from the e\i)erience of the past, it is likely that every •ireenlionse in this fa\ ored land will have seedling- Chrysanthemums, which are thought by the projjrietors to be worthy of a name. It is earnestly recpu'sted tliat such names be registered with the .Secretary as early as i)Ossible. thus avoiding the possibility of a duplication of names. The American Chrysanthemum Societ\ has done some good in tlie past in thi- way. and it rests with raisers and dissejninators of new varieties themselves, if it continues in this good and im])oi"tant work. List of otticers: President John Thorpe. Pearl Piver, X. Y. ; V^ice- President. W. K. Harris, Philadelphia. Pa.: Treasurer, Jolin Lane, Chicago. 111.; Secretary, Edwin Lonsdale. Chestnut HilL Pa. Edwin Lox.sdai.e, ' /Secretary Americfui Chriisaothermim Society. APPENDIX. REPORTS OF (■0MMITT?:ES OX EXHIBITS. COJIMITTEE OX BULBS AND SKKDS. Vour Committee on Hulbs would respectfully reeommeiul th-it houora- ble mention be awarded to Pitcher & Mauda, of Sliort Hills, X. J., for large display of bulbs, comprising sixteen varieties. Their Lilium longi- florum, Lilium candidum, and White Roman Hyacinths are extra fine. We would also recommend that an award of honorable mention be given to H. A. Dreer, of Philadelphia, for his display of bulbs. His Paper White Grandiflorum, Lilium Harrisii, and I^reesias are excellent. J. A. Simmers, of Toronto, shows some very large Lilium Harrisii and other varieties of bull)s. F. E. McAllister, of Xew York, shows Lilium Harrisii, Lilium longi- florum, and Roman Hyacinths. •L ( ". Vaughau, of Chicago, exhil)its Lilium Harrisii and other bulbs, besides a lot of Dutch l)ulbs comprising about forty varieties, which were detained in the custom house, and he was unable to displaj- them in time for judging. We, however, recommend honorable mention for them. Your conmiittee would respectfully suggest that, in future, all bulbs be placed side by side, to facilitate the work of the judges. Respectfully submitted, EUNST ASMUS. I. FORSTERMANN. J. M. Gasseh. COMMITTEE OX BOILERS AXD OKEENHOUSE COXSTRUCTION. Herendeen Manufacturing Company exhibits on large, brick-set Fur- man boiler, one smaller surface Inirning Ijoiler, both for hot water. The vertical circulation of the water, and the manner of the circulation of the draught through the back tubes as it enters the chimney, point to great economy of fuel. E. C. (iuniey Company exhibit hot-water heaters, 'i'hey are strong, compact, and simple in construction, easy to clean, (iood circulation is secured by three water columns. Arrangement of heating surface is very good. W. P. Wight exhibits bench tile, made of material well adapted to allow^ perfect drainage. For planting on, it seems the best thing we have seen. Certificate of Merit awarded. 11 APPENDIX. Edw. ^V. Holt exhibits rubber hose of different sizes, armored uud plain, also rubber aprons, etc. Tli6se goods could only be .judged by actual use. E. Hippard exhibits model of ventilating apparatus applied in three ways, outside, inside, and side ventilating; opeiating wheel can be ad- justed to any angle, quick and even in operation, and not liable to accident. Quaker City ^lachine Company exhiJ)its ventilatiug apparatus, easy of action and simple in construction. 'I"he iron work is well finishcnl. 'I'he mode of fastening wheel to the shaft is the best we have seen. Davis & Son exhibit a large variety of flower-pots, seed-pans, and vases, apparently hard and strongly niaile, though of light color. George Plant makes a credital)le exhil)it. including standard pots very nearly correct in size, also well-tinished hand-made pots and vases of large size. A. H. Hews & Co.'s exhibit of flower-pots did not arrive in time for exhibition. Locklaud Lumber ComiKiny make an exhibit of a section of green- house, and samples of sash-bars; equally as good as exhibited by this company before. ^Varden King tt Sous exhibit one Spence \Vater Heater, strong and simple in construction and easy to keep clean. Detroit Flower-Pot Manufactory exhibits samples of standard pots that are well made, and correct in measurements. Essex Heights Floral Company exhibits double-Jointed galvanized steel glazing i^oints, strong and easily applied, there being no rights and lefts. W. H. Elliott. John Burton. Henry Dale. F. G. Foster. Edwin A. Seidewitz. CO>niITTEE ON (IT FLOWERS. We note the following exhiliits : — Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, collection of Petunias. Certificate of Merit. C. H. Allen, Floral Park, X. Y., collection of Gladioli. Certificate of Merit. Fred Mitchell, Innerkip, Out., collection of Tuberous-rooted Begonias. Certificate of Merit. W. H. Elliott, Brighton, Mass., Asparagus plumosa. Certificate of Merit. The Cannas from H. A: Dreer, Philadelphia, are a very fine exhibit, and worthy of special mention. The exhibit of two varieties of Water Lilies from Win. Tricker, Dungau Hills, X. Y., is also worthy of special mention. APPENDIX. Ill The uew Cauna exhibited by A. Gilchrist, of West Toronto Junction, is considered by the committee as possessing some merit, but owing to want of foliage, habit could not be determined. A collection of Pausies exhibited by J. D. Imlay, of Zanesville, Ohio, is good for the season of the year. Wm. K. Harris. Wm. W. Edgar. Hexry Young. Jno. H. Dunlap. COMMITTEE OX FLORISTS' SUPPLIES. AVe note the followino; exhibits » Cefrey Florist Letter Company, Boston, Mass., florists" letters. D. B. Long, Buffalo, X. Y., floral photographs. Honorable mention. X. StefFens, Xew York, wire goods. Honorable mention. G. B. Wilcox, bouquet-holder. Handy and useful. M. F. Gallagher, Chicago, paper boxes. C. S. Ford, Philadelphia, immortelle goods. W. P. Wight, Madison, X. J., growers' cut-flower shipjjing box. Cer- tificate of Merit. J. A. Simmers, Toronto, Out., best display of miscellaneous florists' supplies. Honorable mention. H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, best exhibit of florists" supplies. Honorable mention. J. C. A^aughan, Chicago, exhibit of miscellaneous florists" supplies. Honorable mention. F. E. McAllister, florists' supplies. xVdam Dunn, Gault, Out., lawn rake of merit. ^y. C. Krick, display of immortelle letters. Honorable mention. Runyard's impioved Chrysanthemum cut-flower exhibitor. Honorable mention. KOBT. KlFT. p. Welch. C. J. Tidy. Chas. L. Dole. J. A. Peterson. In the case of Messrs. Bayersdorfer, their display of florists" supplies was thought by the committee to be the best, and to consist entirely of supplies suitable for a florist"s store. The display of J. A. Simmers consisted of misc.eUaneous florists'supplies, that is, store supplies and greenhouse necessaries as well. The committee thought it would be better if they could in future be entered separately, as greenhouse supplies are not, strictly speaking, florists' supplies, as many firm^lnake a specialty of baskets, designs, immortelles, and the like, while others, who do not keep a line of these goods, have shears, thermometers, iy APPENDIX. knives, sj'iinges, and goods of a similar nature. In Messrs. Simmers's and Vaughan's displays there were^also bulbs of various kinds. ROBT. KiFT, Chairman. COMMITTEE ON PJ.ANTS. Vour committee desires to say that all of the exhil)its in this depait- ment show that plant growing is in a ])r()gressive way, and that all of the exhibits are worthy of mention, inore particularly a collection of Orchids shown by Pitcher tt Manda, of Short Hills, N. .1. This collection com- prises Cypripedium super1)um, C. concolor, C. calurum, C. Schlimii. ( '. Dominianum, C. Sedeni, C. Druryi, C. ojnanthum, C. Curtisii, C. llarrisi- anum. C. hirsutissiminn, C. Crossiaiiuni. C. Crossianum superbum, C. S])i- cerianum, C. Ilookera', C. lougiflorum. C. selligerum, Miltonia spectabile. Cattleya Ilarrisoui, C. Dowiana, C. trianjv gigas, C. crispa, Odontoglossum crispum, Od. Bictonense, Od. Bictonense alba, Oncidium papillio, On. spar- hillatum. Lycaste anmiatica. Ladia majalis, Saccolabium Bluniei majus. S. Sanderiamim, IMiajus Humblolii, Zygopetalum (iautherii, Fhal;i'iioi)si^ graudiflora, P. amabilis. This collection was awaided a Certificate of Merit. Other awards made were as follows: — To Pitcher it Manila, Short Hills, X. J., a Certificate of Merit for stove and greenhouse plants. To Pitcher it ^laiida, a Certificate of Merit for specimen of Pteris Victoria. To Manton Bros., Toronto, Ont., a Certificate of Merit for specimen of Pteris Hallamii. To II. A. Dreer. a Certificate of ^lerit for iMdlection (if Palms and Ferns. Honorable mention was given to the following exhibitors: — Cottrell Bros., Toronto, Ont. ornamental plants. Kobt. Craig, Philadelphia, Pa., Palms and other decorative plants. The committee desires to state that Edwin Lonsdale, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, John Burton, Chestnut Hill. Phiiadidphia, Miss M. E. Coftin, Astoria, L. i., and F. G. Ileinl, Terre Haute, Ind., have fine exhibits of Palms and other decorative plants, showing superior cultivation. A new Canna exhibited by A. Gilchrist resembles the form known as tricolor. John Thorpe. John F. Cowell. Sam. GoLDKiNG. F. L. Harris. F. L. Temple. WOPJ.D'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Toronto, August 19, 1890. Minutes of Meeting of Special Committee of the Society of American Florists, held at Queen's Hotel, Toronto. APPENDIX. V Members of committee present: Messrs. John Chambers, Toronto; J. C. Vaughan, Chicago; Frank Huntsman, Cincinnati; F. L. Harris, Boston; J. M. Jordan, St. Louis; Robert Craig, Philadelphia; John N. 3Iay. Summit, N. J. ; and others. On motion, Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, was chosen Chairman; and J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, Secretary. Chairman Craig, when calling the meeting to order, said : — We are met together here for consultation with Mr. James Allison, acting Chief, Department of Horticulture, World's Columbian Exposition, to advise him concerning the views of this organization in regard to what steps should be undertaken in the Horticultural Department at the coming World's Fair. (At this time, Mr. Jordan, of the committee, introduced Secretary Noble of the Department of the Interior, who made a few remarks expressive of his interest in this department, and then withdrew.) The following is the substance of the remarks. as made by various mem- bers of the committee : — Mr. Craig. The donation of specimen plants by public-spirited citizens ought to be of much assistance to the department. If such a movement was properly inaugurated, there would be a noble response. Such noted amateurs as Mr. Ilunnewell, of Boston, George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, and others would loan valuable specimens from their large conservatories, which would aid in making up a collection which money could not buy. A fine Latania growing at Newport, twenty feet in diame- ter, was offered to the Philadelpliia Public Grounds, but was refused for lack of room. There are many places where such plants could be hadi if proper steps were taken. Money must also be expended freely for large specimen plants which are not obtainable in this way. Tree Ferns from the tropics must be procured : Crotons from Cuba, which can there be had thirty feet high and upwards. This latter stock cannot be secured by donation, l)ut must be purchased, and will cost in addition heavy freight and packing charges. The feature of outdoor planting must not l)e overlooked. Plenty of room must be given to this department. Immediate action; foreign plants especially require time to become estaV)lished. We have received from Mi-. Allison the impression that tlie World's Columbian Exposition, of 1893, will be on a scale never before attempted, and we realize that in the Ilorticuluural Department a great eftbrt must be made, otherwise this Exposition will lack harmony and completeness. Mr. Falconer (superintendent of Charles A. Dana's establishment at Glen Cove, Long Island). We all know the enormous number of plants required to fill the space named by Mr. Allison. If you fill it well, it will look well ; if scantly, the result will be a failure. You must go to China for Bamboos : to the West Indies for otlier tropical plants which cannot be obtained elsewhere. They must be had in quantities and in very large VI AITKNDIX. sizes. Agents of the clepartment must go and lift these plants ami get them estal)lishetl, or they will die and present a sorry appearance at the time of the great show. It will cost money to secure these specimens. They must he nursed in Chicago for a year prior to the opening of the Exposition. Many of the lesser plants can he had here, hut you cannot pick up desirahle stock at the roadside. Plants of any size, to be worthy of exhibition on this occasion, nmst be selected ones. These must be bought and paid for and well eared for, all of which costs a good deal of money as well as time. In France, in 1889, they had only to draw from private conservatories. Many plants would be loaned here. We have among amateurs, whose greenhouses are of very magnitieent sizes, few plants exceeding ten to twelve feet in lieight. Von must not liave too many duplicates. All native plants suital)le to the summer climate at Chicago should be shown out of doors. Plants for economic uses, the Cinnamon and Pepper tree and like species, should be shown in great variety. Mr. SiKBHECHT, of New Yoik. Bamboos tan he secured in the AVest Indies if they are taken up with balls carefully wrapped, and tlie tops cut l)ack to some extent; they would in one season re-establish themselves. Much must be done for grand decorative and spectacular effects, and in no way horticulturally can this be so well accomplished as with these mam- moth si)ecimens from the tropics, with which few of the people of the United. States are familiar. .Many of tliese are worth going one thousand miles to see. Some of them are fifty feet liigh and upwards. Such would create a sensation at the Kair. Crotons; these are best moved by digging trenches about the roots some little distaiici' away, and then cutting oft' the long roots; after stand- ing three months in this condition, they could he shipped, if taken up with a ball of earth. Tree Kerns can also be had in the AVest Indies, and some from the island of Dominica, which could be made to stand transportation fi^irly well, and at a less price than from Australia. Mr. Craig. It will eertainly be a revelation to the people of this country to see what size these tropical plants assume in their native habitat. It goes without saying that something i^henomenal must be presented at the Fair. Mr. Hill, of Indiana. I think a st'rious mistake will be made if plenty of outdoor room is not provided. At Paris ilitterent nurserymen were alloted space for outdoor display, which attracted as much attention as the indoor exhibitions : for instance, collections of Clematis were shown in from fifty to two hundred kinds ; Poses in lots of from one to one and a half acres ; and the noted three exhibitions of ten thousand plants each out of doors, besides many smaller ones. Xew plants can thus be inspected side by side, which is of special interest to all horticulturists, and I regret lo hear that outdoor space is scarce. APl'EXDIX. VU Mr. Allison. I believe that, with the large park areas at Chicago and the midwaj^ plaisance, the Chief of this department, when appointed, will, if ])roper representations are made, secure all needed space. Mr. Chambers, of Toronto. ' The importance of immediate action is apparent to all. ^Vould it not be possible to secure by loan some large specimen plants in Europe? Canada will do all that is possible, and will certainly make a magnificent display in the Pomological Department. Mr. IIiLL. The display of aquatic plants must not be overlooked. A immoth lake ii most attractive. mammoth lake in the centre of the grand Horticultural Hall could be made Mr. SiEBRECHT. .\^bundant outdoor space for exliibitions or Gladioli, Lilies, Dahlias, and like bulbous stock, as well as all the imported Dutch and French bulbs, will be absolutely indispensable, as nearly all of the above cannot 1)<» shown satisfactorily under glass. The various types of gardening, the Dutch, the English, and the Italian, as well as the American schools, should be represented, and this on outside space, of course. , Mr. Hill. It is my judgment that an advisory board from our Society should l)e chosen for consultation with the Chief of the department, who- ever maj^ l)e appointed. Mr. Deax, of Bay Kidge, X. Y. The necessity of an early appoint- ment of the Chief is recognized Ijj' all practical men. We horticulturists can work only for half a j-ear, owing to extreme cold weather, and can only work by day, not by night, as many other enterprises can be carried for- ward. The tropical jdants will require a year to recover from the check made iu transporting them. Mr. Valohan. The Italian gardening, as shown in London in 1888, was very effective. The combination of the carpet bedding as practised by the Italian horticulturists, and the effect of these displays at night when lighted by electricity, made their gardens, as seen in Loudon, of great interest to all visitors. .V summary of the above remarks was submitted to the Society and unanimously adopted. (See page 22.) (Signed) Kobert Craig, Chairman. J. C. Vaughan, Secretary. Among other persons than members of the committee, who were present and took part in the consultation, were the following : William Falconer, William F. Dreer, E. G. Hill, C. B. A\Tiitnall, H. A. Siebrecht, II. S. Sun- derbruch, H. B. Beatty, James Dean, G. L. Grant, M. A. Hunt, E. V. Hallock. Vm APPENDIX. THE QUESTION BOX. Owing to lack of time and other causes, a number of inquiries taken from the " Question Box,'" to which answers had been prepared, were not called up at the regular sessions. The several questions, with their answers> are here recorded. " How can we best profit by the demand at special seasons'? " To enable the grower of plants and flowers to best profit by the demand at special seasons, he must have a clear knowledge as to the recjuire- ments of the market at special seasons, and put that knowledge to practical use months before the plants and flowers are ready for sale; he must also be a thorough plant-man and be competent to grow his plants and flowers so that they will be at their best at the special season grown for; if too early or late in bloom, his object will not be realized, that is, the best profit at special seasons. The retailer or seller of plants and flowers must also know the wants of the market at special seasons, to enable him to purchase his supplies, to enable him to fill his orders at short notice, and be able to show his cus- tomers a stock of seasona))le goods of superior (lualitj'. He must be a good judge of the quality of plants and flowers, a careful buyer, ready to pay a fair price for a good article, pass the poor plants and flowers at any price, sell at a fair profit on his investment, and by a strict attention to his business will l)est profit by the demand at special seasons. Jamks Dkan. *' Growing roses for summer use?" In most sections through the Eastern States of late years, the growing of Koses in the open ground, to depend on anything like a continuous cro]) of good flowers, has become almost a failure from various causes too complicated to exi>lain here; and where this is the case, and good flowers being in demand, I would advise planting one or more houses specially for this ])urpose, according to the requirements and room at command. To insure a good crop of flowers, prepare the benches in the sanit; way as for winter cropping, as early as possible in March ; then select good strong plants of such kinds and numbers as required, plant them out about twelve inches apart each way, grow on liberally, but keep the l)uds picked oft' till all the other Roses on the place are almost through blooming, or till a large quantity are required. By this time the plants will have made good strong growths, and be ready to produce fine flowers. After planting as above, and the plants have made a good start, it will greatly helj) them to give the whole surface of soil a good middling of well- decomposed manure ; before doing so it would also be beneficial to give a light dressing of pure {/round bone, covering the same with the manure. Keep the house fumigated with tobacco frequently to keep down gt-een fly. APPENDIX. IX etc., syringe freely on hot days, and as soon as flowers are wanted give a very light shading. I prefer equal parts in weight of dark green ground in oil and white lead, adding enough kerosene to make a very thin i^aint or wasli ; then with a bevel-head brush and long handle, put enough on the glass to obscure the strong rays of the sun. During the whole progress of their growth the house should have all the air possible on favorable days, and during July and August consider- able air should be left on all night ; this will insure strong, sturdy growth and tine buds. A house of Eoses treated thus can be kept in fipe bearing till after New- Year's, when it can be cleared out and other crops brought in, to be again replaced with Eoses for the next summer and fall crop. The varieties most suitable for this purpose are: Marie Guillot, white, a very fine summer Eose; Meteor, dark red, extra fine; Madam Pierre Guillot, a lovely Eose, shaded yellow and pink, which does not burn in hot weathei- like Wafteville ; Perle des Jardin, bright yellow; Souvenir de la Mal- niaisou, flesh color and very sweet. Bride and Mermet will also do very finely undei' such conditions. Several other fine varieties could be added to the above, but each grower will, undoubtedly, be able to judge wlint sorts will suit his purpose best. As soon as the night temperature in the fall begins to run a little below sixty degrees, a verj' little fire heat at night, with a little air kept on, will greatly help to keep the plants healthy, and to continue bearing freely. Where the al)ove system is impracticable, I have fouud the following varieties do fairly well in the open ground: Papa Gontier, ^Nlarie (iuillot, Clotliilile Soupert, Meteor, Princess de Eadziwell, Malmaison, Mrs. Degraw, Aggiipina. Duchess de Rrabnntand her daughter. Madam Josej)]! Schwartz, all very biiautil'ul varieties, and very free bloomers under favorable circum- stances. To insure success, good plants should be set out in verj- rich, \\ (dl-prepared beds as soon after frost is out of the ground as it is practical to get the soil into a healthy working condition; and should dry weather pi-evail, a good mulching of some light material will gieatly help tliem to produce a continuous crop of flowers. John X. .May. •' The best varieties of Gladioli for forcing':"" hi answer to this K, AVashingtou, Vice-P resident. (lark, W . S., Bladensburg road, Wa.shington. Durfee, Beuj., Washington. Freeman, J. P., llUh and E sts., Washington. (Jauges, Philip, IJotanic Garden, Washington. Glorius, E. B., ;^17 P St.. \. W.. Washington. Gude, Adolfus, 428 Centre Market, Washington. Gnde, Wm. F., Washington. Hale, C. F., 71 !» 14th st., Wash- ington. Kane, Hugh A., Washington. Lewis, Geo. W., Whittier Machine Co., 13th St., Washington. Pollock, George H., 249 Centre ^Market, Washington. Saul, John, ()21 7th St., X. W., Washington. Small, C. A., 14th and O sts., Washington. Small, .1. H., 14th and (i sts., Washington. Small, .1. H., Jr., Washington. Smith, W. K., Botanic Garden, AVashington. Watt, James A., 102.5 Madison st., X. W., Washington. FLORIDA. Crane, A. II.. Nashua. Iloyt, P. 1)., Bay View Lewis, W. F., Peusacola. Pike, Walter X., Jessamine. GEORGIA. G. KiESLiNG, Savannah, Vice-President. Dahl, C. A.. Atlanta. Tlinman. (Jeorgo, Atlanta. Kiesliiig, G., 42-44 Bull St., Sa- vannah. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah. Smith, A. W., Americus. Wacheudorff, Ed., Atlanta. ILLINOIS. Frank F. Bkxtitev. Chicago, and Thomas Franks, Champaign, Vice- Presidents. Allen, George F., 2205 Michigan ave., Chicago. Anthony, J. T., 3425 Prairie ave., Chicago. Basset t, 6. P., Hinsdale. Beuthey, F. F., 175 AVabash ave., Chicago. BUsh, F. D., 379 So. Canal st.., Chicago. Brown, A. C, 527 Walnut St., Springfield. Buckbee, H. AV., Roekford. Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge. Calvert, E. S., Lake Forest. Calvert. F., Lake Forest. Chad wick, AV. H., 402 Rialto, Chicago. Diez, J. L., 530 Xo. Halstead St., Chicago. Eddy, Burt, 146 AV. AVashington St., Chicago. Fisk, C. IL, 116 Dearborn St., Chicago. Forster, John S.. Evanston, Cook County. Franks, Thomas, Champaign. Gallagher. M. F., 163 AVabash ave., Chicago. Gardner, Mrs. S. P., Hinsdale. Gentemann, C. F. W., Quiucy. Grant, G. L., 54 La Salle St., Chi- APPENDIX. XV ILLINOIS — Continued. Guv. E. W., Belleville. Haistead. A. 8., Belleville. Ilartwig. Charles, 417 Woodside ave.. Lake View. Hay, Charles E., Springfield. Heller, J. A.. Quiucv. Hunt, E. H., 7it Lake St., Chicago. Kemiieott, F., '27 AVashiugton St.. ( hieago. Killen. J. E., 14(5 W. Washington St., Chicago. King, F. J., Ottawa. Klehni, Geo., Arlington Heights. Lane, John, 4801 Lake ave., Chicago. Lau, Paul F., River Grove. McAdams, Andrew, Hyde Park. McCluer, G. W., Champaign. Miller, E. J., Downer's Grove. Miller. Geo. W.. Wright's Grove, Chicago. Phelps. H. !>., Springfield. Phceuix, S. T., 14B W. Washington St., Chicago. Eaynolds, J. D.^ Eiverside. Eingier, Arnold, Chicago. Eobinsou, J. D., Bloomiugtou. Eockafeller, Mrs. M. H., May wood. Schlaack, H., Elgin. Silliman, I. C, .553 W. Madison St., Chicago. Singler, X., AVashington Heights. Swavne. H. S., Blooniington. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st., Chi- cago. 88 State St.. Chi- Vaughan, J. C. cago. Viberts. W. A. Chicago. Wadsworth, B Walcott, S. A. 3425 Prairie ave. E., Danville. Batavia. Wallis, Thomas, Havelock. Washburn, Andrew, Blooniington. AVeinhoeber. E., 417 Elm St., Chi- cago. AVilsou, Charles E., Hoopeston. INDIANA. AVm. G. Bektehmanx, Indianapolis, Mif-Presidcut. Hill, E. (iurnej-, liichuiond. Huut, M. A., 'i'erre Haute. Larsen, .Tans, Indiana])olis. ^fichel, Henry, Marion. Eeiman, H. AV., Indianapolis. AVade, .John IL, I^vausville. AA'iegand, A., 7tli and Illinois sts. Indianapolis. Bertermann, .Tohn. Indianapolis. Berterinaun, AVilliam G., Indian apolis. Carmodj", .L I)., Evansville. Dorner, Fred., Lafayett(>. Evans, ,1. A., IJichniond. Halbrooks, AVilliam, Evansville. Hartje, John, Indianapolis. Heinl, John .!., Terie Haute. IO"WA. J. C. Eennisox, Sioux City, Vice-rrcsHh-nt Barr, F. D. Jr., Davenport. Bather, John E., Clinton. Casper, L. A., Council Bluffs. Clark, J. M., Des Moines. Greene, W., Box 58. Davenport. Ilarkett, AA'. A., Dubucpie. Kramer, Judson A., Jlarion. Kranz, Conrad, Muscatine. Laisle, Christ, Keokuk. Renuison, J. C, Sioux City. Eennison. AV. S., Sioux City. Temple, J. T., Davenport. KANSAS. Coventry, ^1. Grew, Mrs. .)., Fort Scott. L AV., Independence. Patterson, Mrs. A. S., 509 South Eddy St., Fort Scott. AVhitcomb. A., Lawrence. KENTUCKY. C'HAKLES Neuner, LouisviUe, Vice-President. Hobbs, T. ('., Anchorage. Krieger, Charles, Mt. Sterling. Lauer, A.. 1213 I-ouisville. East Broadway, XVI APPENDIX. KENTUCKY — Continued. Morat, Frank, Jr., Louisville. Xauz, ('. (i., Owensliorough. Xeuner, CharleiJ, Louisville. Power, E., Frankfort. Hayncr, (^'harles, Anchorage. Samuels, J. "XL, Clinton. Eble, Charles, Xew Orleans. Ehleii, .lohn, Ihirst St., Orleans. Sc'hulz, Jaool), 132.5 E. IJroadway, r>ouisville. Thompson, S. J., Louisville. Walker, Herbert G., 644)^ Fourth ave., Louisville. Walker, William, Highland and Everett aves., Louisville. LOUISIANA. Xew L\u'ien, F., White st., Xew Orleans. Maitre, IL, New Orleans. MAINE. .J<).sEPH A. DiUAVAXGEK, Tort land, Vice-President. Allen. Mrs. Thomas, Bangor. Burr. .lohn. Free])ort. Biur, I'erev S., Freejwrt. Dickerman, J. Enos, Calais. Dirwanijer. Josepli A.. Portland. Goddani. Edw. IL. Woodfords. >Lxlioney, George L., Saco. M()S(>s. F. H., Bticksport. Ikoak. (ieorge M., Auburn. Wallace, Alexander, 136 Vaugliau St., Portland. MARYLAND. Mus. J. W. Dayhoff, llagerslown, Vice-PrcsidnU. Campbell, C. (i.. Pensylvania ave. Exten.sion, Baltimore. Cook. .Tolm, 318 Ni)rth Charles St., Baltimore. Dayhofi'. Mrs. .L \V.. 43 E. North St., Hagerstown. Donn, John, 1st Toll-gate, Har- fonl road. Baltimore. Eckhardt. Louis. Mt. AVashington. Halliday. Holx-rt .).. Baltimore. Hermann, Charles, Frederick. Kress, E., 2506 North ave., Balti- more. Kumlehn, Herman, Baltimore. Millman, F. X., Green st. station. Cumherlancl. Nicholson, It. (i.. Chestertowu. Siedewitz, E. A.. Annapolis. Smith, S. v., Baltimore. Thomas, Mary J., 329 No. Clurrles St., Balthnore. Wagner, C. M.. Kider. Wiedey. Charles, Mt. Washington. Wiedey, .lohn, Mt. Washington. MASSACHUSETTS. W. H. Elliott, Brighton, and D. Zikxuikhkl. Xeedhum, Vicc-rrcsiiJcnta. Adams, C. Thom])son, West Med- way, Allan, David, Mt. Auburn. Anderson, George M., 3Hlton. Atkinson. C. M., Brookline. Ball, PHer, Maiden. Barker, M., Caml)ridge. Barker, J. (i., .Jamaica Plain. Beals, E. B., Greenfield. Becker. Frank, Camltridge. Behreud, Bruno, Framingliam. care A. S. Lewis. Bennett, Henry, Boston. Berry. IL E., fioddard ave.. Brook- line. Bird, .L L , Dorchester. Blair, Pobert, Dorchester. Blodgett, S., Palmer. Bock, W. A., X'ortli Cambridge. Borden. C. P., Taunton. Bowditcli, A. C.. 32 Webster ave.. Somerville. Bowker, W. IL. 43 Chatham st.. Boston. Brai;ue. L. B., Hinsdale. Breed, E. W., Clinton. APPENDIX. XVll MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. Billiard, J. O., Cambridge. ("alder, A. P., Boylstou St., Boston. ('efrey, A. T., Boston. Chandler, C F., South Lancaster. Clapp, E. B., 175 Boston St., Doi-- chester. Clark, H. W., (Jloueester. (lark, J. I'., 1 Park St., Boston. Clark, Thomas J., Hotel Berkeley, Boston. Cleveland, V. E., Barre. Coleman, S. .1., Dorchester. Condey, James, Lexington. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury. Cox, Thomas A., Olney st., Dor- chester. Cox, John II., 47fi Tremoiit St.. Boston. Crowley, J., Dedham. Curtis, J. Frank, Ninvtoiivillc De Mar, J. A., Brighton. Dike, Winfred, Stoneham. Donovan, T.. \atick. Downe, Mrs. L., Fitclibiug. Doyle, John, 4;^ Tremont St., Boston. Doyle, W. E., 43 Tremont St.. Boston. Duane, John, West Medtord. Edgar, AVilliam, Wavei-lv. Eldridge, li. W., Natick". Elliott, W. H., Brighton. Evans, Charles, Watertown. Ew(dl, Warren, Dorchester. Farqnhar, Pobert, Boston. Kewkes, A. H., Xewton Highlands. Fewkes, B., Ipswich. Fife, L. H., Shelbnrne Falls. Finaghty, Martin, l^enox. Fislier, D., Montvale. Fisher, Sewall, Framinghani. Flvnn, Thomas II., Xewton. Forbes, A. B., By field. Forristel, P. J., Prince St., Jamaica Plain. Forristel, W. II., Prince St., Jamaica Plain. Foster, F. W., 51 Charlestown st., Boston. Foster, J>. H., 45 King st., Dor- chester. Fottler, John, Jr., 2G So. Market St., Boston. Fuller, J., Leominster. Gale, W. F., Springfield. Galvin, J. M., AV heat land ave., Dorchester. Gearv, J. E., Salem. Gill, '(H'orge B., Medford. Gill, Mrs.E. M., Medford. Gilmore, J. A., Westboro. Gipner, J., Byfield. (ioode, ^Villiam, 43 Tremont st., Boston. Goodell, L. W., Dwight. Gordon, George, Beverly. Gormley, D., II Tremont st., Boston. Greaves, Thomas, Xorth Eastou. Grey, Benjamin, Maiden. (Uieriueau, Louis, Cambridge, (xuinivau, D. H., P. O. Box 45, Beverly. Gimn, John, Whitinsville. lIale,G. II., -22 Clifton pi., Boston. Harris, F. L., AVelleslev. Haskell, E. S., New Bedford. Hatch, E. O., 49 X. Market St., Boston. Ilatheway, A. B., Xew Bedford. Herrick, X. J., Sjjringfleld. Hews, A. IL, Xorth Cambridge. Hickev, D., Dorchester. Hill, B. D., Peabody. Holmes, I^ben, Brookline. Howard, J. W., 4i) No. Market St., Boston. Iloyle, A. W., Spencer. Hudson, Thomas, 19 Beacon st., Somerville. Ingram, William, Montvale. Jenkins. H. P., Mt. Auburn. Joues, J. H., Worcester. Jones, Robert, 1 Poplar ct., Boston. Jones, T. B., 9 Congress st., Boston. Junkins, (Tcorge S., Lawrence. Kej^es, C. A., Worcester. Kingman, M. B., Amherst. Knapp, W. IT., X^ewtonville. Koehler, Hans J., Halifax. Lauge, H. F. A., Worcester. Lawrence, II. Y., Falmouth. Lombard, E. T., Wayland. Love, William, Jr., Withlngton St., Dorchester. Mann, Mary S., Florence. Marshall, G. W., Chelsea. Manning, J. W., Jr., Reading. Manning, W. H., Brookline. Martiue, A., Wakefield. ' Mathieson, Fred. R., Waltham. Maynard, Prof. S. T., Amherst. XVIU APPENDIX. MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. McCartliy, N. F., 1 Music Hall pi., Boston. McCartliy, T. F., 7 Proviucc et., Boston. McDowell, Thomas p]., Sixth St., So. Boston. McGee, W. J., 4;^ Bromley park, Roxbury. McLaren, John, Moutvale. McLau«2:liliii, K. N., Haverhill. Meade, I'. 11., Dorchester. Messinojer, George, No. Cam- bridge. ^liellez, A., Springfield. Miller, Williani, West Lynn. MoUoy, William F.. Wellesley. Moiiteith, 1)., Dedhain. Moiilgomery, Alexander, .\atick. Montgomery. Alexandei' W., .Ir.. Natick.' Mooney, .F. E., Mattapan. Morton, .Ian\es II.. Mattapan. Mullen, Cieorge, 17 Chai)inan pi., Bo.st()n. Murdock. II. L., West (Jardner. Xeil, Samuel, Dorchester. Newman, A. II., 51 Tremont St., Boston. Newman, J. K.. AVinchester. Xicholson. William. Framingham. Norton, M. II., Hotel Berkeley. Boston. Norton, r., Dorchester. O'Hiit'ii. ( harles.T.. Jamaica Plain. O'Corman, I'. F., i:5!) Boylston st., Boston 0"Hara. Kugene, Wel)ster. Oliyer, John, Lowell. Osborne. Arthur, Hyde Park. Palmei', F. L., iirookline. Page, J. W., Medtield. Parker, G. A., Halifax. Parker, George J]., Worcester. Parker, George L., Dorchester. Parker, Nelson, Stoneham. Pasell, F. H., New Bedford. Patten, George W., Lowell. Patten, Marcellus A., Lowell. Peck, L. T., (57 Bromfield St., Bos- ton. Peters, J. L., Worcester. Pierce, William, New Bedford. Plimpton, MissM. C., Southbridge. Poor, Lorenzo, Ljnin. I'orter, J. C, 400 Washington st., Boston. Power, J. S., Everett. IJaddin, E. W\, 9 Forest St., No. Cambridge. Keed, John, Everett. IJichwagen, P. E., Waylaiid. liobinson, J. B., 49 No. Market st., Boston. Hose, Ilichard P., Jamaica Plain. Sargent, W. E., 6.5 Main st., \Vorcester. Saeverns, George, Auburndale. Seaverns, Herbert, Box G3, Auburn- dale. Shaw, E. D., Holyoke. Shea, J. F., Jamaica Plain. Shepi)ard, E., Lowell. Snow, Dexter, Chicopee. Spooner, W. H., Jamaica Plain. Spragne, F. T^., llingham Centre. Steyi'ns, Abel F., Xatick. Stewart, NVilliam J., 07 Bronifieltl St., Boston. Sutherland, George A., 07 Brom- field St., Boston. Tailby, .losei)h, AVellesley. Temple, F. L., Cambridge. Thayer, C. D.. 8 Hipley St., Worces- ter. Townsend, H. J., Hyde Park. Tyler, Richard, 47 Irving st., Bos- ton. ^Valsh, John. Melrose Highlands. Warbuiton, C, Fall River. Wartl, J. M., Peabodv. Ward, W. S., Salem." Welch, D., 105 Tremont st.. Bos- ton. Welch, E. J., 105 Tremont St., Boston. Welch, P., 105 Tremont st., Bos- ton. Westland, George, Natick. ^Vheeler, L. B., Berlin. Wheeler, W. L., Berlin. White, John, Pittsfield. Whitney, Charles A., I'pton, Worcester Co. Wight, L., Framingham. \Vood, E. A., West Newton. Wood, E. M., Natick. Wood, Harvey C, West Newton. \Voodman, E. E., Danvers. ^'ollng, A. AV., So. Hingham. Zirngiebel, D., Needham. APPENDIX. XIX MICHIGAN. D. C. Jones, Detroit, Vice-President. Balsley, H., Detroit. Boehme, A., 45 Fountain St., Battle Creek. Breitmeyer, J., Detroit. Cousins, William, Ann Harbor. Flowerday, Kobert, Detroit. Hancock, George, Grand Haven. Hancock, James G., Grand Haven. Holznagle, F., Iliorhland Park, Detroit. Irvine, John, Bay City. Jones. D. C, 220 Woodward ave., Detroit. Krumholtz, Joseph G., Superior St., Detroit. Noel, Jno., Hi,<>liland Park. Henwiek, T. P.. Grand Pajjids. Smith, Elmer I)., Adrian. Smith, Henry, Grand Pai)ids. Taepke, G. H., 4.50 Khnwood ave., Detroit. Taft. P.P., Agrieultural ('ollen-e. Tajdin, Stephen, WM Fort st., Detroit. >Vilcox, (;. B., Bay Citv- MINNESOTA. P. J. Mendenhall, Minneapolis, Virc-l'rcsidiiii Bunde, A. H., 26 West 6th St., St. Paul. Bush, Fred., Pichfield. Edlefsen, Louis, St. Paul. Gould, F. G., Excelsior. Malmquist, G., jNIinneapolis. May, L. L., St. Paul. Mendenhall, Mrs. Abbie (i.. Minne- apolis. Mendenli.-dl. I{. J.. .Minneapolis. \\unflei", .lolin, Winona. MISSOURI. Hknkv Young, St. Louis, Vice-President. Armstrong, Luther, Kiikwood. Bi'own, N. S., Kansas City. Brown, Vj. P\, Kansas Citv. Brown, I). S., 1301 Lanii st., St. Louis. Brown, P. S., P. (). Box 09, Kansas Citv. Brohan, .1., 12(iO Old Manchester road, St. Louis. ,Connon, Charles, 2742 Olive st., St. Louis. Fillmore, F. J., South St. Louis. Jordan, J. M;, 706 Olive St., St. Louis. Juengel, Charles A., 1841 So. Linn St., St. Louis. Kellogg, George M., I'leasant Hill. Koenig, J., 6471 Florissant ave., St. liOuis. Kuehn, C. A., 14.32 Morgan st., St. Louis. Michel, E., Magnolia and Tower Grove ave.. St. Ijouis. Murray, Samuel, Kansas Citv. Nielson, Hans, St Joseph. Ostertag, F. W., St. Louis. Probst, G., Kansas Citv. Sanders, C, .5600 Delniar ave., St. Ijouis. Sclirav, Emile, St. .loseph. Schray, William, 4104 Penna. ave.' St. Louis. Waldbart, Alexander, 353S Chest- nut St., St. Lonis. Weber, F. C, 3146 Olive st., St. Louis. Wurst, Eugene, 1.301 Lami st., St. Louis. Young. Henry, 1406 Olive St., St. Louis. Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St. Louis. Oldham, IL, Billings. Donahue, A., Omaha. MONTANA. I NEBRASKA. I Hesser, W. J., Plattsmou APPENDIX. A. 11 Penedict, G. J., Concord. Burlinsjanie, Willuim, Exeter. Buxton, (ieorgc K., 70 Vine Nashua. Cragg, Arthur 11., Strathani. Ellis, Marcus, Keeue. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Stacy, Portsnumth, Vice-President. St., lloitt, C. W., Nashua. Main, George, Concord. Paterson, Kobert, laie Hon. Kiuidv Jones, Portsmouth. Stacv, A. 11.. Portsmouth. NEW JERSEY. C. Willi A.M Tukxley, Asmus, Krnst, West Iloboken. Asmus, Pudolph, New Durham. Austin, J. II., Maple Shade, Bur- lington County. liarkhjim, AVillia'm F.. Saddle Eiver. Hishoi), William P., Burlinglon. Boddhigton, A. T., Short Mills. Bonn, F., Weeliawken. Hiidireman, 'riu)mas, Pamsev"s. Bunj-ard, II. A., Sliort Hills' Butterfoss, J. IP, Pand)ertville. Chittv. H. E., Paterson. Clucas. H. W., Short Hills. Coddington, Lyman B.,Ne\v Piov- idence. Cook, W. C, Short Hills. Davis, Alexander, Jersey City. Demarest, J. C., Etna. Dinnnock, Alfred, Sunnnit. Dressel, F., AVeehawken. Driseol, James, 2.54 Main ave., Passaic. Du Pie, AV. B.. Pahwav. Fdwards, Theo. E., Bridgton. Eisele, W. G., Cedar ave.. Pong Branch. Hosier, Andrew, SadiUe Piver. Esler, John G., Saddle Piver. Field, S. B., Poselle. Forbes, H. E., Pidgewood. Gardiner, J. G., Jobstown. Haddonfield, Vice-President. (iarlicli, Harry, Short Hills. Green, J. S., Morristown, Morris County. Jones, Thomas, Short Hills. Macbean, C. .^., Lakewood. Macrorie, I)., Short Hills. Manda, .Joseph, Jr., Short Hills. Manda, W. A., Short Hills. May, J. N., Summit. McDonald, I'eter, Sunnnit . McMalion, Frank, Sea lirigbt. Mindei-, P., Jr., 488 South Orange ave., Newark. .Moore, Franl< P., Chatham. Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co. O'Mara, P. J., Grand St., Jersev City. Iteid, John, Bergen ave., Jersey City. Poehrs, Julius, Carlton Hill. Saling, William. Pahway. Scbuit/, A., Phillipsburg. Steinhoff, Herman C, AVest Ilo- boken. Sturtevaut, E. D., Bordentown. Taplin, James, Maj'wood. Thurston, ('., Paterson. Thurst-;in Hills. Katoll, Fred., 121 Linwood iivc., Buttalo. Keller, J. M., Bay Hidf,^'. Keller, John H., IJocliestcr. Kendall, J. H., Tonuwaiida. Keppler, M., 1.") .John e U., Hural Pub. Co., 'rimes BuildinjrNew York. Koffnian. K., Walilen, Orange Co. Krick, \V. ('.. 1287 Broadway. Brooklyn. Krombacli," Charles, ISl 2.">lli >!.. Brooklyn. Lawrence, R. F.. HufValo. Lawrence, Thomas. ( )ii-dcnshui-<>-. ivittle, Georo^e W.,472S Kidj?e St.. (xlens Falls. Lister, Thomas, Fishkill. Long, I). B., 4.57 Main st.. iinllalo. Losey, J. F., Medina. Lynch, M. J., Toughkeepsie. Mackay, W. M., 234 Water St., New York. Mansfield, Thomas, Lockport. Marshall, B. S., 401) .■)th avc. \ew Yoiiv. McAllister, F. K., 22 Dey St.. New York. McBride, Alex., .Vlplans. McMillan, William. Buffalo. Meissuer, I'. liruno, Flatl)usli. Mepsted, Ed., linffalo. Miller, E. S., Floral Park, L. I. Miller, K. D., Catskill. Miller, Henry, East X. Y., Brookl y u. Mische, Eniil, 209 Douglas st., Syracuse. Morgan, .lames, P. (). Box 2:i, Aulnirn. Morlach, Henry. Bay Pidge. Mornin, James, Tuxedo Park. Xewbrand, F]. W., Tarrytowu. Newton. H. G., Xyack. Nilson, William, Woodlawn, Xew York. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main St., Buf- falo. Palmer, AV. J., Jr., 304 Main st., Buftalo. Parsons, Edw. W., Westchester. Patrick, Ernest A., Auburn. Peck, John B., Rye. Penman, J. Aj-not, 7 Warren st., Xew York. Picklemann, Sebastian, 230 High St., Buffalo. Pierson, F. P., Tarry town. Plumb. \Villiam, Piverdale. Powles, John P., Sparkill. (^)uinlau, P. P., Syracuse. Itath, E. H., Lincoln st.. Flush- ing?. IJawson, G. P.. Ehnira. Ifcbstock. .1. II.. o(i7 Main st., Buf- falo. Poehrs. Theo.. Ill W. ;;()tli St., New York. Polker. Jos. E., ia()-l3S W. 24th St., Xew York. Polk.'r. Winfried, 13B-13S W. 24th St.. Xew York. Salter. A. A., Rochester. Salter, IL <;., Rochester. Schlegel, F. P., Pochester. Schmitz. L., F^latbush. Schneider, F., Attica. Schuster. Mrs. T.. .51!) Herkhner St., Brooklyn. Scott, William," 470 Main st.. Buf- falo. Sealy, K. E., PearsalPs, L. I. Sexton, S. B.. Hyde Park. Shanley. James, 2rto 20th st., Brooklyn. Sheridan, W. F., 32 W. 30th st., Nevy York. Shuphelt, R. E., (ihatham. Siebrecht. H. A., Xew IJochelle. Siebi-echt. Louis, East Hinds lal". Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria. Smith, John, Bayside. Smith, S. P., Waterford. Spaulding, Mrs. E. D.. Jamestown, Steftens, X., 33.5 East 21st st.. Xew York. Stiles, W. A., Tribune Building, Xew York. Taylor, J. LI., Bay Side. Tesson, P. F., Xewtown. Thorne, Samuel, 71 AVall St., Xew York. Thornton, Edw., Garrison. Thorpe, John, Pearl River. Townsend, W. H., Cauandaigua. APPENDIX. XXIXI NEW YORK -Continued. Tricker, William, I)ono:an Hills, Staten Island. Trillow, William, Baysldo. Tully, James B., Bingiiainton. Van de Yeur, P. W., New York. Vick, F. W., Rochester. Wadlev, A., 409 .oth ave., Xew York. Weathered, C. B.. 244 (anal st., Xew York. AVeimar, E. W., Mt. Vernon. Weir. Fred.. Bay Ridge, L. I. Whittle. AllredE., 56 North Pearl St., Albany. AVhittle, II. A.. Albany. AVood, L. E., Fishkill. Young, Robert B., 20.5 Greenwich St.. New York. Young, Thomas, .Jr.. 20 AVest 24th St., New York. Zeller, Charles, Flatbush. Zeller, Emile, Flatbnsh. NORTH CAROLINA. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville. | NORTH DAKOTA. ShotwoU, A. F., Fargo. OHIO. J. M. Gasser, Cleveland, and Herman Ahern, J. AA"., Lake Home, Mount Vernon. Bartlett, George, Station C, Cin- cinnati. Bayer, George, 261G Fulton st.. Toledo. Bauer, P. J., Cleveland. Caldwell, Thomas, Kirhy road. 25th AA'ard, Cincinnati. Congdon, A. R., Oberlin. Corbett, George, College Hill. Creasev, J., Steubenville. Critchell. B. P.. 4th and Elm sts.. Cincinnati. Eadie, Miss J. jNl., Cleveland. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave.. Cleveland. George, Ro))ert, Painesville. Graham, Adam, Cleveland. Hart, H. A., AA>st Cleveland. Heinl, George A., Toledo. Hippard, E., Y'oungstowu. Hoftman, A. H., 1741 Michigan st.. Cleveland. Huntsman, Frank, 37-39 W. 4th st., Cincinnati. Imlay, John D., Zanesville. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala. Knopf, Albert, Columbus. Kramer, L. R., AV^ooster. I.amborn, Leroy L., Alliance. Lodder, John, Hamilton. Luepke, Robert, East Liverpool. H. RiTTER, Dayton, Vice-Presidents. McCullough, Albert, 134 AA'alnut St., Cincinnati. McFaddeu, F. T., Rose Bank, Sta- tion K., Cincinnati. Mull, John, Dayton. Nolan, AV. ('., Myrtle ave.. Cin- cinnati. Paddock, E. J., Cleveland. Penney. John M., Newark. Perkins, L. A., Kinsman. 42 AVest 4th st.. Tallmadge Peterson, J. A. Cincinnati. Pierce. L. B. Ritter. Herman H.. Dayton. Rogers, Mrs. E. E., Lima. Schlacter, IL, AVinton pi. Schmitt, A., Glenville. Schramm, B., 1315 Cherry St.. Toledo. Simmons, A. T., Geneva. Stearns, A. M., I.ockland. Suder, Mrs. E., 147 Sunmiit st.. Toledo. Sunderbruch, H. L., 200i 4th St., Cincinnati. Sunderbruch, Win., 200)^ 4th St., Cincinnati. Swaby, R. AA"., Xenia. Thirkildson, P. H.. Irontou. Wilson, Mrs. Chas. H., Cleveland. AVilson, John, College Hill. AVitterstaetter, Richard, Delhi Heights. XXIV APPENDIX. PENNS YL V ANI A. JI, H. Batti.es, I'liihulelphiii, and E. ('. Kkine.max, Allegheny, Vire-Presidents. Anderson, (Jeorge, 5230 Woodlinid ave., Philadelphia. Bader, John, AllegllenJ^ Baker, Alfred E.. Westchester. Baker, W. J., l.olS Chestnut St.. Philadelphia. Ball, Charles D., llohnesburg. Battles, II. H., 108 So. Vith St.. Philadelphia. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50 North 4th * St., Philadelphia. Beam, David, Bala P. <). near Philadelphia. Beatty, II. B., Oil City. Becker, Jacob, 52d and .Market sts., Pliiladelphia. Beckert. Theodore F., AUcghriiy. Bell, w; T., Franklin. Berkowitz, Paul. 5uzerne Count}^ Farson, 1). D. L., Horticultural Ihill. Philadelphia. Fox, ( harlcs, Broad St., Phila- delphia. Fries, Jacob A., Goepp and Mono- cocy St., Bethlehem. (iass, D., Allegheuv- Giles, John H.. 37*Noitli lOth St., Reading. Gooding, J. C, Allegheny. Graham, Thomas, 12th st., below Spruce, Philadelphia. Grey, R. M., Pittsburg. Griffin, James S., Philadelphia. Ilahman, F., Harrowgate Lane, Philadelphia. Harris, J. T., Schuylkill Falls, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Jr., 5501 Darby road, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Sr., 5501 Darby road, Philadelphia. Hartman, F. M., Allegheny. Heacock, Joseph, Wyucote. Ileimnan, James B., Pittsburg. Heron, Richard, 1735 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338 Lancaster. APPENDIX. XXV PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. IToskiu, George H., Reailinjj. Hughes. J. M^, Bryii Miiur. Iluster, George, Philadclphiii. Iluttou, .Tames, Lower Roxbor- ough, Philadelphia. .Joyce, J. D., Philadelphia. Kahlert. C. W.. 1514 Ciiestuut St.. Philadelphia. - Kastiug, W. F., Erie. Kaufmauu. Ernest, 118 Xo.4th st., Philadelphia. Keller, William F., 1114 Northamp- ton St., Easton. Kemp, .lohn G., Asylum road. Fiankford, Philadelphia. Kift, Joseph, ^Vestehester. Kift, Robert. 17-21 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Kinnear, T., Philadidpiua. Kirchuer, Conrad, Philadel[)liia. Kletzly, J., Verona. Koehler. William IT.. -1000 Gei'man- town ave.. \icetancaster. Miller. J.. Allegheny. Mitchell, IL F., 714 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia. Moon. S. C., Morrisville. Moon, W. li., Morrisville. Morrow. \Villiam, Pittsburg. Mott. Walter, 714 Chestnut St., I'hiladelphia. Murdoch. Alexander. 50S Snuth- tield St., Pittsburg. Murdoch, A. :M., 510 Smithtield St., Pittsl)urg. Murdoch. John R.. Jr.. Pittsburg. Myers, Thomas J., .Ir.. 1173 South 9th St., Philadelphia. Neimeyer, Henry A., Erie. Nelson. Alexander, Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburg. Nesbit. .Tohn, 1735 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Oberlin, T. .)., Sinking Spring. O'Brien, ^I. I., Sharon. Oesterb'. George. Pittsburg. Otter, Harold, Doylestown. Patterson. X., Pittsburg. Patterson, Robert ('., .511 .Market St., Pittsburg. Patterson, ^Villiam, 4113 IIav(>r- ford ave., Philadelphia. Paget. John. Lochiel Park. Ilarris- i)urg. Peoo-e. IL. Howard St.. Philadel- phia. Pennoek. C. J., KVestcott, AVilliam 11.. 3443 North 2d St.. Philadelphia. Wetherspoon, J. P.. 2033 South St.. Philadeljihia. Whilldin. J. G., 713 Wharton St., Philadelphia. Wildey. .1. L.. 2738 Howard St., Pluladelphia. Williams. E. W., Pittsburg. Winters. Thomas J., 1016 Com- merce St.. Ilarrisburg. Wintzer, A.. West Grove. Woltemate. A.. Germantowu. \Voods, David, Pittsburg. Woods. D. P., New Brighton, ■^'onng. John W.. Frank st.. (;er- mantown. RHODE ISLAND. J AS. S, CoWLK.-s, Newport. Mrr-Prrxident. llodgkinson. ^Villianl, Bristol. Appleton. W.. Jr.. 158 Broadway. Providence. Brandt. .\.. Newport. Butcher. William. 20 Pitman St.. Providence. Corp, Z. P.. "iOS Cranston St.. Prov- idence. Cowles, James S.. Newport. Gardner. Pichard. Newport. Gibson. .loseph. Newport. Gibson, J. W.. 115 Bellevue ave.. Newport. Greene, P. W., W'arwick. Johnson. (Jeorge. 280 Greenwich St.. Providence. Johnston. T. J.. Providence. •Inrgens, Carl. Newport. OConnor. T.. Hope st.. Provi- dence. Peckham, Miss A. F., 59 Carpenter St., Providence. Pierce, N. D., Jr., Norwood. Itenter, S. J., Westerlv- Williams. Alfred H. O'lnevville. SOUTH CAROLINA. Shepard, Charles U., 68 Meeting St., Charleston. Thomson, Mrs. J. S. E., Spartans- l)ui-g. TENNESSEE. E. S. Nixox. Chattanooga. llri'-Prcshh'nt. Lanham, Harry, Memphis. Moore, Henry, 54 Beale St.. Mem- phis. • Morton, James, Clarksville. Nixon, E. S., Chattanooga. Williamson. J. T.. Memphis. Nickels, Anna B., Laredo. Reading, John, Salt Lake. TEXAS. UTAH. APPENDIX. XXVU VERMONT. C. E. Allen, Brattleboro, Vice-President. Allen, C. E., Brattleboro. Brvant, H., St. Albans. Butterfield, C. W., Bellows Falls. Cooke, George, St. Albans. Gibbs, C. F., St. Johusbury. Lee, W. A., Bm-lington. Mass, George 11., Woodstock McGillivray, D., Brattleboro. Miuott, C. W., Burlington. Thompson, Mrs. M.. Burlington. VIRGINIA. J. Harry Harvey, Eichnioud, Vice-President. Cole, Raymond, Richmond. Daughtrey, Mrs. M. F., 207 High St., Portsmouth. Harvey, J. Harry, Richmond. Loose, J. L., Alexandria. Robertson, John, Alexandria. Wilbur, J. Chesley, Norfolk. Wood, C. Frank, Richmond. Mosier, C. A., Snohomish. WASHINGTON. I WEST VIRGINIA. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg. Hess, Max L., Box 169, Wheeling. Hiehle, Adolph, Parkersburg. WISCONSIN. C. B. Whitnai.l, Milwaukee, Vice-Prpsidont. Brudahl, J. P., Racine. Demmler, O. R., Eau Clair. Dilger, Frank P., Milwaukee. Edlefson, William, 'M';^ Chestnut St., Milwaukee. Ellis, W. H.. Milwaukee. Freytag, J., Milwaukee. Gordon, Mrs. George, Milwaukee. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac. Helms, Walter, Janesville. Losey, J. W., La Crosse. Xelson, John, Oshkosh. Salzer, J. A., La Crosse. Schucht, Otto, Sheboygan. Turner. Lewis, Kenosha. AVhitnall, C. B., 428 Milwaukee St., Milwaukee. DOMINION OF CANADA. NOVA SCOTIA. Harris. .1. IL, Halifax. Henry Dale, Brampton, Aylett, S., Hamilton. Boucher, George, '60 Alma st. Thomas, Ont. Brown, E. G., Hamilton. Burnham, W. H., Stratford. Cairncross, George, London. Cape, Juo., Hamilton. Chambers, John, Toronto. Common, Alexander, Gait. Cotterill, Jno., Deer Park. Craig, S. IL, 308 Dufteriii London. ONTARIO. ;iiid Geo.Vaik, Toronto, Vice-Presidents. Dale, Henry, Brampton. , St. Dunlop, John IL, Box 50, l>rin-k- ton Post OtHce. Toronto. I Dunne, Adam, Gait. i Emm, Charles, Stratford. Ewing, A. IL, Normal School, Toronto. Foster, F. G., Hamilton. Fox, J. W., Hamilton. I Francis, D., Hamilton, ive., I Eraser, ^Irs. A., Toronto. ; Gammage, AVilliam. London. XXVlll APPENDIX. ONTARIO. — Continued. (iilchrist, A., VV'est Toronto June. <;rahani, John, Linden ave., Ot- tawa. Harper, Robert, llaniilton. Hay, Jas. B., Brantford. Hill, William, Toronto. Jeniiiuijs, If.. Brampton. Johnson, (). G., Kingston. Laiiio-, U'. J.. 411 Huron St., Toronto. Manton, Thomas, E«?lington. Marc'on, W. H., care Steele Bros., Toronto. Mearns. Robert. Toronto. Mitchell, F., lunerkip. Muston. Walter, Deer Park. Reeves, George. Toronto. Rogers. S. M.. Peterboro. Scrim, ('., Ottawa. Seeviour, Thomas, Toronto. Sinclair, H. A., Ingersoll. Taylor, William, Aiiandale. Tei-rill, A. M.. Pictou. Tidy, Charles J., KU Vonge St., Toronto. Townsend, E. J., Hamilton. Vair, George, Chestnut Park, Toronto. Vair, J.. Owen Sound. ^Vatkins, A., Toronto. \Vebster, James F., Hamilton. Westwood, A. M., Toronto. QUKBKC. Gkokck Trusselt., Montreal, Vicc-PresideiU. Bennett, Joseph, 1S5 St. Denis St., Montreal. Campbell, C, 48 Beaver Hall Hill. Montreal. Davidson, W. T.. ^lontreal. Doyle, .John, Durocher St., Mon- treal. Dunbar, John, Raven's Crag, Montreal. Eddy, .John. Slierbrook St., Mon- treal. (iirdwood, F. L., Montreal. McKenna, James, Cote des Neiges,^ ^lontreal. Moiiaghan, .Foseph E., Box 726, <^>U('bec. Trussell, George, Pine ave., Mon- treal. Walsh, John, Redpath St., ^lon- treal. ENGLAND. Fell. Francis, Tottenham, Loudon. Gray. Gc(»rge, York. Laing. .T. it.. Forest Hill, Loudon. ISIarshall, Simeon, The Xurseries, ^'oi-k. Ware, Thomas S., Hale Farm Nur- series, Tottenham, London. WALES. Benard. E., .51 Route de St. Mesmiu, Orleans. IRELAND. Dickson, Hugh, .5.5 Royal ave., Belfast. INDEX. Welcome by Mayor of Torouto, Judge Hoitt's Response, President Norton's Address, Report of Secretary, .... Report of Treasurer, .... World's Columbian Exposition, Essay — Future of Floriculture in America, Question Box — First Day, . Meeting Gardeners' and Florists' Clubs, Selection of Place of Meeting, Nomination of Oliicex'S for 18!»2, . Essay — Subtropical Bedding, Essay — Aquatic Plants, Meeting of Florists' Hail Association, . Meeting of Florists' Protective Association, Election of Officers, Essay — Credits, Essay — Store 'I'rade, . Horticultural Congress, Essay — Winter-Flowering Plants Recognition of Membei-s, Bowling Contest, P^ssay — Begonias, Report of Nomenclature Committee, Essay — New Carnations, Review of New Plants, p:xhibit at World's Fair, Final Resolutions, Annual Meeting American Chrysanthemum Society, Appendix. Reports of Committees on Exhibits, . World's Columbian Exposition, Question Box, . . . . . PAGE 5 12 15 19 21 22 29 32 39 42 44 48 f)0 53 5fi 57 59 03 68 71 75 78 79 84 99 103 145 147 162 i V viii .^^31... "•• . 1 >