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1897

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Thirteenth Annual Convention

OF the

Society of American Florists

HELD AT

PROVIDENCE, R. I.,
AUGUST 17th, 15th, 19th pS» 20th,

1S97

COPYRIGHTED. 1597. BY WM. J. STEWART, SECRETARY.

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CHAPEL

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o F F I c e: RS

OF THE

Society of Hmerican 3f lorists

AND ORNAENTAL HORTICULTURISTS.

yor 1807,

President.

Adam Graham, Cleveland, 0.

Vice-President.

Farquhar Macrae, Providence, K. I.

Secretary.

Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass.

Treasurer.

H. B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa.

\ Executive Committee.

For One Year: For Two Years:

Jackson Dawson, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
Grove P. Rawson, Elmira, N. Y.
J. F. CowELL, Buffalo, N. Y.

W. K. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa.
J. G. EsLER, Saddle River, N. J.
W. N. RuDD, Mt. Groenwood, 111.

For Three Years:
Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich. I W. F. Gude, Washington, D. C.

Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill, Mo.

fox 1898*

/» President.

W. r. Gude, Washington, D. C.

Vice=President.

A. DoNAGHUE, Omaha, Neb.

Secretary.

Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass.

Treasurer.

H. B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa.

Executive Committee.

For One Year:
W. K. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa.
J. G. EsLER, Saddle River, N. J.
W. N. RuDD, Mt. Greenwood, 111.

For Two Years:
Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich.
W. F. Gude, Washington, D. C.
Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill, Mo.

For Three Years:
Tlu-ee Members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1898.

a'//^^

PROCEEDINGS.

Providence, R. I., Tuesday, Aug. 17, 1897.

The Society of American Florists assembled in thirteenth
annual convention, this day in Music Hall, Providence. All parts
of the country were represented in the sessions of the Convention,
. and a large number of accessions to the membershij) were reported
by the Secretary. The genuine New England hospitality of the
local clubs of Providence and Newport contributed to make the
Convention one of the most enjoyable of the annual reunions of
the Society. The trade exhibit in the lower hall of the Convention
building was the most complete collection of greenhouse and gar-
den products and appliances that had ever been seen in Provi-
dence, the plant display being especially noteworthy.

In the Convention Hall, plant and floral decorations abounded.
The speakers' platform, surrounded by a massive bank of palms
and ferns, with rows of lilies and cannas, was a bower of beauty.
Secreted behind the foliage an orchestra entertained the delegates
with enlivening music prior to the hour of meeting.

WELCOME TO PROVIDENCE AND A RESPONSE.

The first session of the Convention was opened by Vice-
President Farquhar Macrae (the President of the Florists' and
Gardeners' Club of Rhode Island), who cordially welcomed the
Society of American Florists, on behalf of the local club. He said
that this agreeable duty had been assigned to him by his associates,
and he desired to assure his hearers, in all sincerity, that it was
hoped to make their visit so enjoyable and the recollections of it
so pleasant that, when the time came again to invite them to the
shores of Narragansett Bay, they would unhesitatingly answer,
" Yes, we accept ; we will be glad to go where we had such
a pleasant time at the Convention of 1897." [Applause.]

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Hon. Edavin D. McGuinness, the Mayor of the City of
Providence, upon being introduced by Chairman Macrae, was
heartily applauded. He said : —

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen — The pleasure afforded me
to-day of extending to the delegates of the Society of American Flor-
ists, our city's welcome, is- as gratifying as was the opportunity
afforded me, one year ago, of joining in the invitation to the Society
to hold its Convention in our city in the present year. I congratulate
you that the weather is so auspicious for your meeting.

You are here as representatives of a most important body of men
in our community and in all communities. The true and successful
florist is an artist, for there is required of him the same skill, in the
arrangement of flowers and in portraying a love of the beautiful, that
is required of the successful artist in other specialties. He is also an
educator, for he teaches a love of the beautiful. His influence is ele-
vating and reflning. He brings out, in our youth, a love of the good,
the true and the beautiful ; and the flowers he cultivates are, in every,
period of life, the symbols of love, of affection and of cheerfulness.
The little child, on its way to school, plucks from the garden at home
flowers to present to the favorite teacher ; the youth presents as a
token of admiration and affection a bouquet of flowers to the maiden ;
the bride is decked, on her wedding day, with flowers as a symbol of joy
and of love ; and the supreme tokens of affection and reverence that
we place on the biers of our dead ones are those same flowers. Flowers
are joined, throughout our lives, with the most important events.
No man, I think, can be thoroughly depraved who has in his soul a
love for flowers. [Applause.]

To you, then, the representatives of the florists of this country, I
extend a hearty welcome to our city. I hope that in the intervals
between your deliberations you may have an opportunity to Inspect
our public buildings, to go through our City Hall and to see our mag-
nificent Bay, at the head of which we are so favorably located. I can
only hope that, as the presiding officer has said, after you have left our
city and gone to your respective homes, the memory of your visit to
Providence will remain in the future as bright and as sweet as
the fragrance of your own flowers. (Long continued applause.)

Mr. W. W. Coles of Kokomo, Ind., was called upon to
respond to the Mayor's welcome. Mr. Coles said :

Mr. Mayor, ladies and gentlemen of Providence — It affords me
great pleasure, on behalf of the Society of American Florists here
assembled in convention, to respond to the warm words of welcome
spoken by the honorable and highly respected Mayor of this important,
interesting and prosperous municipality.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7

Taking everything into consideration, it seems to me tliat as a Soc-
iety we are very fortunate in having the privilege of meeting in this
city — among other things to enjoy the hospitality which you so gener-
ously accord us ; because of your promise to make it pleasant during
our sojourn among you, and because of the reputation which you
sustain abroad in this direction. [Applause.] The name of your city
is most significant — Providence — and who knows but what; our com-
ing among you shall prove to have been providential.

AVe are reminded of the fact that this city has age and an interest-
ing history more or less eventful. It is recorded that in 1776 you had a
population of 4,355 souls. Since the close of the Revolution your pop-
ulation, like other commendable things worthy to be named and
praised, has increased steadily and substantially. Your city gives
visitors the impression that you have much wealth^ an evidence
.probably that Providence has favored Providence. We observe that
your manufactories are many and varied ; and this city therefore must
be the center of a manufacturing district of large commercial and
industrial interests. Your silverware fovmd upon the tables of this
and other lands, tells us that your trade is extensive.

As we look upon your magnificent parks, public buildings, monu-
ments, beautiful cemeteries, and your palatial homes, we are satisfied
that many of you are in love with the beautiful. Hence we, whose
life's work it is to beautify and enrich, are not surprised to find
ourselves here. We do not believe that flowers are trifles. Our
observation is that murderers do. not ordinarily wear roses in their
buttonholes and that villains seldom train vines over their cottage
doors. [Applause.]

Your many and well supported charitable institutions, after which
many cities making large pretensions have patterned, attest your
philanthropy, generosity and benevolence. [Applause.] Where insti-
tutions of this sort are founded and flourish, are invariably the places
where we like to live, build our homes and rear our children. The high
character of your incorporated institutions, and your public schools, is
widely known, and they speak emphatically of your culture, refine-
ment and commendable enterprise. In certain respects your city is
like what ancient Athens is said to have been — full of sights worth
seeing and of valuable information, a good place in which to learn
splendid and useful lessons. Your churches, so numerous and so beau-
tiful in architectural design, speak to us and -the world of your
religious history and life. There are educational advantages here
offered the Society of American Florists, of which the Society should
avail itself during its brief sojourn ; and we have no doubt that your
hospitality will Avarm our hearts and that lessons from your thrift and
industry will do us good.

Mr. Mayor, I am sure I voice the sentiment of the Society of
American Florists when I most heartily thank you for your warm and
cordial welcome. [Long continued applause.]

O PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

THE president's ADDRESS.

After the delivery of the preliminary addresses, Chairman
Macrae vacated the chair to President Graham of the Society of
American Florists, who, upon coming forward, was cordially
greeted. The President then read his formal address, which was
listened to with close interest. His allusion to the zealous but, as
yet, ineffectual efforts of ex-President William R. Smith to secure
a national charter for the Society of American Florists brought
forth hearty applause. Other points of the address were also
applauded, particularly that in regard to tariff rates on imported
stock, and the one commendatory of the Society for what it had
done for florists individually, and for the trade in general. The
address was as follows :

Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Society of American Flor-
ists— After a two years' campaign west of the Allegheny Mountains
our Society comes back to the east, the stronghold of advanced horti-
culture in our country.

While we have no reason to regret our experience in the Middle
States, where the work accomplished was of a character which we feel
assured will leave a lasting impression for the benefit of our profession
in its influence on the communities where these meetings were held,
yet a broad and correct conception of the aims of the Society will
bring the conviction that we cannot fully accomplish our mission
unless we carry the banner of the Society into every section where its
presence and influence may advance and promote the interests of the
noble profession in which we are engaged, and where its unifying
qualities may be brought to bear with advantage. It is, nevertheless,
a very great pleasure, as well as a privilege, to assemble here in the
good old city of Providence, within an easy journey for all our friends
from Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and last, but
far from least, Boston. With such favorable surroundings we surely
cannot fail to have a pleasant and a profitable convention.

We come here, not expecting to be able to teach our friends here
how to love and cultivate all that is most beautiful in nature, for the
people of New England have these lessons constantly before them in
many magnificent parks and pleasure grounds, and in hundreds of
beautiful private establishments. Rather do we come to draw inspira-
tion from these beauties that have resulted from man's skill and intel-
ligence, and to hear from the lips of riper experience than ours the
lessons that will enable us to go back to our homes better and stronger
for the same battles there. In all these matters the men of the east
have been leaders and teachers equal to the best in the world. And
because these things are so, few of us expect or hope to contribute as
much as we receive, believing as we do, moreover, that from the gen-
eral fund of information here each should be able to take more than he

SOCIETY OF AMEPaCAN FLORISTS. V

gives, as aggregate knowledge must always far exceed that of the indi-
vidual. So I should say to each one here: Improve these opportuni-
ties that are before you. Our hospitable brethren of Providence give
us a kindly welcome ; the Society of American Florists provides
instruction on many important subjects, on all of which nearly every
one of us is still open to further information.

Our friends at famous Newport will show us what wealth and skill
well applied can do toward improving a scene of great natural possibil-
ities. Go to Newport and inhale the pure and invigorating sea air and
enjoy one of the grandest views that the Atlantic coast anywhere
offers to the eye of man. Or if these things be not to your liking, and
you long for other means of relaxation to drive the cares of business
away, you will find suitable opportunity in the various ways provided.
In regard to detailed information as to the finances and membership
particulars will be forthcoming in the reports of our Secretary and
Treasurer, respectively.

The national charter, which we hoped the government would grant
us before this time, is still under consideration at the Capital by the
powers that be. This is not by reason of any lack of hard work and
earnest endeavor. Mr. Smith, once our honored President, and always
our tried and staunch friend, has labored with unflagging zeal in our
behalf, and so far succeeded in his efforts as to have it passed through
both branches at the last congressional session. But either through
some unfriendly influence or through a misapprehension as to its pur-
poses, President Cleveland saw fit to veto the measure.

It has been suggested that by adding the words, "Ornamental Hor-
ticulturists " to our present title we should be better able to express
the purposes of our organization, and we should at the same time
facilitate the acquisition of the charter by removing the objections
which some have raised to the present apparent narrowness of the
scope of our operations. This amendment, with some other proposed
changes in the by-laws of the Society, will be submitted for your
consideration at the proper time.

At the Executive Committee meeting in March Messrs. May,
Harris and Manda were appointed a committee to correspond with the
congressional committee of ways and means in reference to certain
proposed changes in the tariff regulations and their effect on our
business. They were also to appear personally before the committee,
if necessary, and present such facts and arguments as would aid
Congress in arranging as just and acceptable rates as possible upon
imported plants, bulbs, and so forth.

These instructions to our committee were given only after a very
thorough and careful discussion of the whole situation, which is a
much more complicated matter than appears at first glance. Aside
from the proposition to increase the first cost of imported stock, it was
necessary to consider to what extent the resultant added expense to
the final consumer would cause him to take other goods that, under
present conditions, are entirely a home product. For instance, it is

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

common knowledge that, under the past few years' tariff laws, bulb
flowers of all kinds have been sold so low that they undoubtedly were
many times purchased solely because they represented the greatest
return for the money to the average buyer, thereby leaving upon the
home growers' hands, stock that was produced by American skill and
capital. There is also to be remembered the fact that jthis twenty-
five per cent, tariff represents that much direct, absolute protection
against foreign competition. It would appear as though this advan-
tage, combined with those of far cheaper land and more efficient labor
and methods, should enable us to keep at home a great deal of the
business in plants of all descriptions that heretofore has been done
abroad.

Certainly the experiment seems well worth trying, though it is
possible that natural conditions may be too much against us in the
matter of Dutch bulb culture. These are some of the points that have
been considered. Whether or not the reasoning has been sound, exper-
ience can alone determine. There can, however, be no question as to
the absolute justice of the duty levied upon articles of this character
so long as the government .is in need of money to meet its urgent
annual expenses. As patriotic citizens we should not object to bear
our share of the burden. To distribute the balance of this extra charge
equitably among those who deal with us is a matter between us and
those who buy of us, and the result will depend largely upon the wis-
dom with which we conduct our business.

Upon the suggestion of Mr. May, the Executive Committee passed
a resolution requiring the Secretary to compile an annual list of all
American novelties introduced during each year, together with the
names of the originator and introducer, in addition to such informa-
tion in reference thereto as would be likely to be of interest or value to
the trade and the public ; the same to be published exclusively in the
annual report of the Society. A report of this kind would undoubtedly
be very desirable and valuable, but can only be made correct, or
approximately so, by great care and labor on the part of the Secretary,
together with the hearty assistance of members of the trade.

At the same meeting a committee consisting of , Messrs. Eudd,
Smith and May was appointed to work with the experiment stations in
the investigation of fertilizers as applied to plant growth. The work
assigned to this committee is of very great importance, and these very
capable gentlemen should receive every aid possible in order to make
their investigations and experiments productive of correct and profita-
ble results. It has also been suggested that wherever possible so to do,
we select some place for the holding of our meetings where facilities
can be had for a large display of horticultural exhibits under cover of
a tent or similar inexpensive and suitable enclosure. Whether the
society endorses this suggestion or not, it certainly has some advan-
tages to recommend it. At many of our meetings we have been
more or less cramped for space, even where nothing more extensive
than a trade extent has been attempted. We have been obliged on

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11

more than one occasion to occupy two halls, sometimes a considerable
distance apart. This certainly is not very encouraging to exhibitors or
convenient for members. This being so, such a condition can not be to
the best interests of the Society. If we had assured facilities for
holding our meetings in connection with an exhibition upon a scale
more comprehensive than anything we have as yet attempted, it would
be an attractive feature both for members of the Society and the
general public, hence of value to the trade and the Society.

The past few years, as we all too well know, have been a period of
extraordinary business depression, and in some degree we have all felt
its effects. But when we consider the immense and constantly increas-
ing quantity of our productions, it will surely be conceded that we
have come through the ordeal with less disastrous results than any
•other business interests. Our Society, as might have been expected,
has not entirely escaped the general depression, but we have reason to
be gratitied that we have so well maintained our position, and that so
many of our members have stood by the colors through every dis-
couragement with a loyalty which should give us encouragement and
confidence in the future prosperity and usefulness of the society. It
would not be candid, however, to attribute the present stationary con-
dition of our organization entirely to business causes. Although it
may appear somewhat like a reflection upon the good business judg-
ment of many of the craft, it is nevertheless true that many of them
take no active interest in the work of the Society. Some do not stop
at this point, but go further in adverse and not over-friendly criticism
from the outside, instead of attempting to better what they object to
from ithe proper position. These critics should bear in mind that de-
struction has alway been easier than construction, and that an edifice,
however faulty, is better than no building at all. The best way to cor-
rect architectural faults is not necessarily to attack the foundation of
the structure.

Aside from these, there is another and far larger class that stands
outside the Society asking of what benefit it would be to them individ-
ually to join such an organization. In answering such a query, I
should like to lay more stress than is usually done upon the unification
that has been accomplished throughout the trade since the Society has
been established. Prior to that time the florist nearly everywhere was
a solitary individual, hardly recognized by the world as a unit in a
great and growing industry. He had absolutely nothing in common
with the craft in other cities, and not very much with his own fellow-
tradesmen in his own city. Trade papers of general circulation and
recognized authority among commercial florists did not exist. Local
clubs were confined to a very few of the largest cities. Methods of
construction, heating, ventilating, many of the processes of cultiva-
tion and sale, were of the crudest character.

There is nothing in these statements that should be construed to
mean that the Society of American Florists alone has brought about
the wonderful results of late years. But what is meant, what I desire

12 PROCEEDI]SrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

to lay particular emphasis upon is this, that through this organization,
through the development of this tangible body, has come the feeling of
strength, the sense of power to do those things that for the benefit of
the trade in general and the individual in particular, should be done.
The melancholy hermit, abiding in various more or less dilapidated,
flue-heated structures, conscious of his own littleness and feebleness
compared with other callings, and forgetting to what degree his was
intrinsically the better and nobler occupation, has given place (or is
fast doing so) to modern methods of conducting operations.

The florist of to-day feels himself more than ever a member of a
great and growing profession, worthy of ranking with the greatest and
best. He has recognition and respect from the general public, not
alone for himself but for his business. He can buy or sell in various
markets. He gets reasonable consideration from transportation com-
panies. He can attend, if he wishes, various exhibitions, general or
special in their character, but all educative in his business and broaden-
ing in their tendency. By his trade papers he may keep in touch with
the best and most modern methods. As I have said before, our
Society has not done all these things, nor all of the many others that
you all can recall. But I do say that without that convention of
earnest workers in Cincinnati years ago, the recognition of the poten-
tial power of the florists in America might have gone unrealized for
many years, and we to-day should be as a whole far behind our
present stage of progress. Some of these things have been made
possible, and all of them have been helped by the Society.

These are real, tangible solid benfits, of which the trade in general
has reaped the profit, and this is an answer to him who asks of what
use has the Society of American Florists been to him. And if these
benefits are to be retained, and increased in many ways impossible to
forecast until the emergency arises, this sense of unity, of existence
as a solid, compact and serviceable body, must be maintained and
increased either by this Society or some similar body. It is the real
visible embodiment of the influence and power of the individual flor-
ists of America.

The rule holds good for the various auxiliary societies as well.
While they do not, perhaps, in every case, owe their existence to the
original organization, yet they arose from a special need, the sense of
which has developed in the parent association. The advance made in
some of these special flowers, to promote which the smaller organiza-
tions were established, has been remarkable.

It may be well to notice here in this connection that the Chrysan-
themum Society proposes to have certificates prepared during the
present year, in which provision will be made for the endorsements of
the President and Secretary of the Society of American Florists, as
well as the oflicers of the Chrysanthemum Society itself. The Presi-
dent of your Society was also requested to appoint a committee to
work with their committee in making awards to new chrysanthemums
entitled to these joint certificates. Some such system appears to have

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13

many advantages, and is calculated to maintain and enlarge the
influence of the national society, at the same time giving more weight
and importance to the work of the Chrysanthemum Society.

To the national organization many of the local clubs, now scattered
throughout the country, owe their existence and usefulness in their
different spheres. Whenever it has been determined to hold a conven-
tion in a certain city, the necessity for a local organization has at once
been felt and the want supplied, and the result has been to bring
florists together for this purpose in a way impossible to have accom-
plished otherwise. These clubs hold together afterward and exercise
their solidifying influence in many ways, even where their members
are not all members of the national society. It would seem, therefore,
as though some means of connecting our local organizations more
closely with the national one would present many advantages to all
parties concerned, and a thorough canvass of the situation should
result to the benefit of us all.

In years gone by, such men as Peter Henderson, Robert Buist, and
others, men of strong individuality, strict integrity and great business
ability, men who came to this country with nothing luit these qualities
and an indomitable pluck and energy to carry them through, fought
their way to the front and became recognized leaders in our industry.
These men were looked up to within the various spheres of their
activities, and to a certain extent within those limits they furnished
example and instruction in the various branches of horticulture and
floriculture. They stood for the forces of organization and intelligent
effort, and as such were looked up to by the gardeners of their day.
I do not doubt that many to-day still owe a great deal to the inspira-
tion of these men.

But the enormous expansion of the limits of capital and labor
involved in our business, makes the domination of a few individuals
no longer possible. We must have a greater, broader, and more
impersonal organization around which the trade can rally. This
centralization is recognized as absolutely necessary for the best results,
whether the matter at stake be religion, politics or plain business; and,
so far, this subject has been treated purely from a business point of
view, because circumstances compel the most of us to make business
considerations the fundamental ones.

The occupation that we follow is in itself one of the most beau-
tiful, the most interesting, and ennobling, that the development of
man's higher nature has brought into existence. It has always seemed
to me that the intimate contact with nature and her various compli-
cated processes, that our calling makes necessarj% should tend to make
us better men in every way. We see, or should at least do so, in the
constant contemplation of these marvelous processes, the delicate
handiwork of an influence far beyond our present powers of compre-
hension. We should feel, I think, that all the small matters about
which we so constantly fret and worry, are but trivial things and little
worth the trouble, and that, after all, the great things, those really

14 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

worth striving for, lie far aside along the path of mutual trust and
assistance, and when, in the pursuance of that end, we use all the
opportunities that organization offers, then and only then, the mission
of our national society is ended and its work done.

Mr. M. H. Norton of Boston, moved a vote of thanks to the
Mayor of Providence, in appreciation of the earnestness and elo-
quence of his welcome to the city.

The motion was adopted unanimously, whereupon President
Graham formally notified Mayor McGuinness of the vote, and that
gentlemen bowed his acknowledgments in acceptance of the
compliment .

REPORT OP the SECRETARY.

Mr. William J. Stewart, the Secretary, here came forward,
in response to the call of the Chair, and read his annual report,
which was listened to with jattention, and applauded The report
was as follows :

Mr. President and Members of the Society of American Florists —
In the Secretary's report at Cleveland last year, it was shown that
lapses from membership on account of unpaid dues appeared to be on
the decrease. It now becomes my agreeable duty to note not only a
continuance of this encouraging condition, but also to report substan-
tial additions to our ranks, in new members and former members
who have rejoined.

Our roll now contains the names of 786 members exclusive of those
added at this meeting, of whom 561 are fully paid up to January 1,
1897. Of the 225 who still owe for 1896, 128 owe also for 1895. There
were added in 1896, 68 new names, and 31 suspended members have
accepted the special concession offered by the Executive Committee
for reinstatement. The 68 new members for 1896, are credited to the
various States as follows : Ohio, 20 ; California, Massachusetts, Penn-
sylvania and Rhode Island, 6 each ; Michigan, 4 ; lUinois, Missouri,
New York and Ontario, 3 each ; Indiana, Connecticut, Kentucky,
Maryland, Utah, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Tennessee, 1 each.

The unusually large number of accessions for 1897, and the vitality
and widespread interest manifested would seem to indicate that our
Society has passed safely through the period of depression, which has
been fatal to so many enterprises, that the organization is very much
alive and that the campaign of education will surely win.

We have sustained losses by death during the twelve months since
our last meeting, as follows : Wm. Robinson, IsTorth Easton, Mass.,
died Sept. 16, 1896 ; Ed. Wachendorf, Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 10, 1896 ; H.
L. Sunderbruch, Cincinnati, O., Jan. 6, 1897 ; Wm. Elliott, New York,
N. Y., Jan. 16, 1897 ; David Eisher, Montvale, Mass., Feb. 16, 1897 ; R.
J. Murphy, Cincinnati, O., Feb. 24, 1897 ; John Saul, Washington, D.
C, May 11, 1897 ; D. H. Roberts, New York, July 8, 1897.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15

The Executive Committee met in this city on March 9, 10, 1897, all
the members being present except Messrs. Beatty, Eawson and
McCullough, for whom Messrs. J. IST. May, E. A. Wood and W. A.
Manda, served as substitutes. There was much earnest discussion,
and every suggestion for the welfare of the organization was carefully
considered. An examination of the various halls resulted in the
choice of the place where we are now assembled. A graded schedule
of charges for exhibition space was adopted, and a gentleman of
ability appointed to superintend this important feature of the conven-
tion. In accordance with the expressed desire of many members, it
was decided to encourage the exhibiting of new and rare plants by
oftering a number of silver and bronze medals for competition at this
meeting. A sub-committee was appointed to work in conjunction
with the various State experiment stations in the investigation of
fertilizers and other subjects of vital interest to plant growers. The
committee also went on record as favoring the selection of a location
for the next annual meeting, possibly in the suburbs of the convention
city, where room and facilities may be had for making an out-door
display with ornamental planting, etc. The programme for this Con-
vention was carefully planned, that it might reflect, as mucli as
possible, the spirit of progress, which is so essential to the prosperity
of our Society.

One of the most important acts of the Executive Committee was
to provide for a system of annual registration of new and introduced
plants, with description, etc., the list to be compiled by the Secretary,
and its circulation confined to members of the Society. This is the
first step towards a stand which your Secretary has long believed to be
inevitable if we would keep the organization on its feet permanently.
The annual cost of maintenance in our present form is considerable, as
your Treasurer's report will show, yet we give unreservedly to the
public and spread broadcast, without any restriction in our favor,
every detail of this meeting — papers, discussions, exhibition — in fact
all there is in evidence here to-day of advancement in the knowledge
and practice of our profession. Is the spirit of generous loyalty, of
unselfish appreciation, abroad in the land sufiiciently to make this
philanthropic course a safe one while our sole means of revenue is the
receipts from annual membership dues, and the usual result of efforts
to collect these dues is the ill-will which too often, in the Society of
American Florists at least, seems to be a natural sequence of delin-
quency ?

It is understood that the committee which has been laboring with
the problem of an equitable fire insurance for greenhouse property, is
now ready to bring forward a practical scheme, and here may be
offered an opportunity, similar to that unwisely thrown away at the
time of the hail insurance agitation, whereby this Society may com-
mand the support of the majority of those engaged in the greenhouse
industry. The proposed amendment to the by-laws, establishing a
life-membership fund, may, if adopted and well responded to, prove to

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

be still another step towards a permanent, self-supporting existence.
Anything that will tend to reduce the labor and expense of stationery,
printing and postage on several hundred bills and duns sent through
the mails several times a year, is certainly worth trying.

The great, unsolved problem, as it looks in the light of the experi-
ences of the Secretary's office, is how to enlist the sympathy and
financial support of our members who from business, pecuniary or
domestic reasons, or on account of remoteness from the place of
meeting are prevented from attending the conventions regularly. We
have in the distant State of California, for example, ten members who
are paying their dues annually, without complaint, and a message of
congratulation and good fellowship comes with every remittance.
What do they enjoy in return, other than the pleasant consciousness
of having generously contributed towards the maintenance of an insti-
tution whose influence is exerted for the general good of the profession?
The support of the stay-at-homes is indispensable, for even when we
meet in the most populous centres and with the incentive of games
and entertainments for those who enjoy them, the receipts from
attendants at the convention cannot be depended upon to pay all
obligations and have something left. What shall we give to the indi-
vidual members of our organization, over and above what they can get
practically for nothing, which will be recognized as sufficiently valuable
to secure from the rank and file of the profession throughout the land
their enthusiastic loyalty '? Sentiment doesn't count here and litera-
ture is, unfortunately, in very light demand.

The demands on the Secretary, particularly in the matter of
correspondence, increase considerably each year, without relation to
the number of names on the membership roll. A conservative esti-
mate places the quantity of mail matter despatched from the
Secretary's office during the past year at over six thousand pieces.

In closing this report, I take the opportunity to thank officers and
members for their uniform and kindly support at all times, and to
congratulate the Association on the heartiness with which those whom
they have entrusted with the honors and duties of office have
responded when called upon to do anything for the welfare of the
Society.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara of New York, seconded by Mr.
Robert Kift of Philadelphia, the report was received and ordered
to be filed.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

Mr. H. B. Beatty, the Treasurer of the Societ}^, next pre-
sented his report as Treasurer, from Jan. 1, 1896, to Dec. 31, 1896,
as follows :

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

17

1896.
Jan.

Jan. 10.

Feb.

Sept. 12.

To balance per statement rendered Executive
Committee at Cleveland, Ohio, 1896, and audited
by committee: John G. Esler, John F. Cowell,
and W. N. Kudd

Keceived W. J. Stewart,

Book 301-3.50, dues, 1895, Number 49

" 1896, " 1

Received W. J. Stewart,

Book 351-400,

dues, 1895,

49

" 1896,

1

Received W. J.

Stewart,

Book 651-667,

dues, 1893,

1

" 1894,

17

Received W. J.

Stewart,

Book 401-450,

dues, 1895,

48

" 1896,

2

$1,628.51

147.00
3.00

147.00
3.00

54.00
150.00

Received book 451-500, dues, 1894, Number 1 1

" 1895-6 " 2,
" 1895, " 40.
" 1896, " ' 5 J

y 144.00

Received, Series 1896,

Book 1-50, dues, arrears, Number 11..

49.
1.

1896,
" 1897,

Book 51-100, arrears, "

1896,

Book 100-151, 1896,

" 151-200, 1896,

" 201-250, arrears, "

1895,

1896,

1897,

Book 301-350, arrears, Number 1.

dues, 1896, " 48.

Nov. 18. Book 251-300, 1896, " 50.

Dec. 14. Book 351-400, dues, 1897, " 1..

" 1896, " 48.

1.
49..
51.
50.

9.,

1..
48..

1..

•1

■J

172.00

149.00

153.00
150.00

)- 168.00

146.00
150.00
147.00

$3,511.51

PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
PAYMENTS.

1896.

Jan. 10.

Paid W. J. Stewart, as per

voucher Ko

.58,

$ 83.56

Feb. 24.

(( i(

«'

50,

375.00

Apr. 16.

J. H. McFarland Co.,

"

60,

6.32

Mav 18.

E. A. Wood,

"

61,

35.50

•' 18.

Wm. J. Stewart,

"

62,

35.50

" 18.

W. N. Kudd,

♦'

63,

21.30

" 18.

John G. Esler,

*«

64,

33.64

" 18.

" "

<<

65,

5.10

" 18.

Grove P. Eawson,

<(

66,

22.05

" 18.

Wm. K. Harris,

<<

67,

28.00

" 18.

H. B. Beatty,

"

68,

9.00

July 13.

N. Stafford,

((

69,

38.00

" 13.

W. J. Stewart,

"

70,

375.00

Sept. 22.

" "

"

71,

406.27

" 22.

Daniel Gunn & Co.,

"

72,

92.25

" 22.

J. C. Kennison,

(1

73.

54.50

Nov. 17.

Daniel Gunn & Co.,

"

74,

276.00

" 27.

John r. Cowell,

"

75,

10.00

Dec. 11.

W. J. Stewart,

"

76,

58.33

" 14.

Cleveland Florist Club,

"

77,

150.00

" 26.

W. J. Stewart,

i<

78,

375.00

o A()(\ on

Dec. 31.

"

Balance,

1,021.19

J,511.51

SUMMARY.

Keceived for the year 1893, dues $ 3.00

" " 1894, " 54.00

" " 1895, " 564.00

" " 1896, " 1,209.00

" arrears, 44.00

" for the year 1897, dues, 9.00

$1,883.00
Balance, Jan. 1, 1896, 1,628.51

63,511.51

CREDIT SUMMARY.

Secretary's salary, (6 mos., 1895, $375.00) $1,125.00

Assistant to Secretary at Annual Meeting 17.00

Executive Committee meeting 259.49

Copying proceedings of Executive Committee meet-
ing 8.00

Stenographer's report of Annual Convention 120.40

Printing proceedings of Annual Convention 263.00

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19

Miscellaneous printing 81.57

Secretary's office expenses 271.36

Annual badges 45.00

Miscellaneous expenses, 294.40

Committee expenses, No. C 5.10

2,490.32

$1,021.19

On motion of Mr. Henry A. Siebrecht of New Rochelle, N.
Y., seconded by Mr. C. W. Tnrnley of Haddonfield, N. J., the
report was accepted and ordered to be filed.

amendments to constitution and by-laws.

The President, as the next order of business, called for the
reading of the report of the Executive Committee.

The Secretary responded : The Executive Committee, at its
Spring meeting, voted favorably on the recommendation of certain
amendments to the Constitution and BjMaws of the Society, and the
same are to be brought up at this meeting. It was voted that the
Executive Committee endorse and recommend to the Society that the
words "And Ornamental Horticulturists" be added to the title of the
Society ; also that new sections, in relation to the duties of the
Treasurer, in regard to fees and assessments, concerning the duties of
State Vice-Presidents, regulating the order of business and relative
to a reserve fund, be substituted for the old sections governing these
matters.*

The President stated that the amendments were now before
the meeting for any action the Society thought proper to take.

Mr. M. I. O'Brien of Sharon, Pa., suggested that action
could not well be taken on the amendments as a whole, and asked
that they be submitted separately.

The President replied that separate action would be neces-
sary when they reached the point of final consideration.

Hon. C. W. Hoitt of Nashua, N. H., remarked that, as a
matter of justice both to the Society and to the Executive Commit-
tee, a question so important as one involving changes in the funda-
mental law of the organization should not be acted upon until the
delegates had been given an opportunity to look it over and con-
sider it carefully. He therefore moved that the Secretary cause
the proposed amendments to be printed and submitted to the Con-
vention for consideration within a reasonable time, at a later day.

*NoTE. The proposed new sections which were here read in full, will he found
in the proceedings of Thursday evening's session, together with the action then
taken upon them.

20 PKOCEEDIXGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Mk. H. a. SiEBRECHT secoiided the motion.

Mr. M. I. O'Brien remarked that the proposition to postpone
action until a later day was somewhat indefinite as to the time
when action would be had.

Mr. H. a. Siebricht inpuired whether Judge Hoitt would
accept an amendment to provide 'for the printing of the proposed
changes at once, so that they could be submitted on the following
day and voted upon.

Judge Hoitt replied : That which is contemplated by my motion
coincides exactly with what is suggested by my friend Siebrecht.
This Society has a live Secretary who understands his duties, and that
being so, I submit that the Secretary will have the amendments
printed at the present Convention and will give the members ample
time to look at and consider them. In proposing that due considera-
tion should be given them at a later day, I did not mean at the next
annual meeting ; I do not know that I would be present on that occa-
sion. The amendments can be printed this afternoon, tomorrow or
later; and this was what I meant by "a later day." I did not want
any procrastination, but wanted early, and at the same time delib-
erate, quiet, fair consideration, davoid of that haste which might be
the cause of trouble hereafter, for an amendment to the By-laws
means a great deal to the Society. [Applause.]

The President here explained that, under the By-law requir-
ing one day's previous notice of an amendment, it would not be
possible to take final action until the following day.

Mr. H. B. Beatty of Oil City, Pa., explained that Secretary
Stewart, in the announcement he had made, had simply given the
required one day's notice, and had read the amendments to-day in
order that they might be voted on to-morrow.

Judge Hoitt's motion was then adopted without objection.

On motion of Mr. John N". May, the session of Thursday
evening was fixed as the time for the further consideration of the
proposed amendments.

the nomenclature committee.

The President called for the reading of the report of the
Nomenclature Committee.

Secretary Stewart replied : The Chairman of the Committee,
Professor Trelease, sent word that he would be unable to be present on
this occasion, but that the report had been prepared by him and had

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21

been circulated, some weeks ago, among the members of the IN'omen-
clature Committee, for tlieir signatures. He was of opinion that it
would reach me before the meeting of this Convention. I have not yet
received it, but it may come by a later mail.

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale of Philadelphia, a member of the Com-
mittee, explained that the report had been received by him and
that, after appending his signature to it, he had sent it West to
Mr. E. G. Hill of the Committee, for that gentleman's signature.

The subject was then laid on the table.

fire insurance.

Mr. John G. Esler of Saddle River, N. J., being called
upon, presented and read the report from the Committee on Fire
Insurance. The report was as follows :

Your Committee, after careful consideration, recommend the fol-
lowing plan of fire insurance, which, with slight changes to comply
with certain requirements, could be used to effect an organization
under the laws of either Indiana, New .Jersey or Missouri. To organ-
ize under the laws of Indiana would require $1,000,000 worth of busi-
ness, ISTew Jersey, about $2,000,000 worth of business, and under the
laws of Missouri, at least, $5,000,000 worth of business. The general
outlines of the plan are:

First. All insurance to be based as far as possible upon the classi-
fication previously adopted by the Society of American Florists. A
signed statement of construction and condition of greenhouses to form
a part of contract, and misrepresentation to create forfeiture in case
of loss.

Second. A one per cent, reserve on new business, and a three-
qviarters of one per cent, advanced assessment upon the minimum risk
of the Society of American Florists classification as a basis for assess-
ments.

Third. Assessments to be levied at option of officers when assess-
ment funds fall below one per cent, of value of risks assumed, notice
thereof to be given to members before date of levy.

Fourth. All risks, upon which assessments have not been paid in
thirty days from date of levy, shall become void, but members to be
restored to membership if assessment is paid within sixty days from
date of levy.

Fifth. Adjusters to be appointed by the officers and a list to be
filed with the Secretary.

Sixth. Notification of loss to be made to the Secretary, and
instructions wired to the adjuster whom he may select.

Seventh. Dwellings and outbuildings of members to be insured at
a rate to be fixed by officers.

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Eiglith. $5,000 to be maximum amount of risk, but after risks to
be permitted when completely detached, one hundred feet from all
other risks.

We believe a classification, and a reserve fund to be essentially
necessary to any successful scheme of fire insurance on greenhouse
property.

Under the laws of ISTew Jersey, organization can be effected with-
out the use of premium notes. Under the laws of Indiana and Mis-
souri, premium notes would be necessary.

Your Committee recommend that a temporary organization be
made at once, as far as the election of a President, Vice-President-
Secretary and Treasurer is concerned.

These officers could perfect detail — ascertain the amount of insur-
ance that would be placed, and arrange for organization or purchase of
a charter and, finally, when a percentage of payment has been made,
call a meeting of the members enrolled for permanent organization.

Your Committee are confident that the success or failure of the
plan presented now rests with the trade at large, for whom it now
remains to signify whether or not they desire a Mutual Trade Fir®
Insurance Association, giving insurance at first cost.

E. H. Michel,
John G. Esler,
E. A. Seidewitz,

Committee.

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht moved that the report be accepted.

Mr. Robert Kift seconded the motion.

The President invited discussion, but no response was made
and the motion was adopted without objection.

Mr. H. B. Beatty : Mr. President, it seems to me to be hardly
fair to a committee that has worked as hard as this Committee has for
a number of years, and after all the labor they have done, to accept
their report and practically discharge them. Surely we ought to take
some action upon it, one way or the other.

The President : The vote to receive the report does not prevent
the Society from taking action on the report.

Mr. W. J. Yese Y of Fort Wayne, Ind : I move that a committee
of three be appointed by the Chair to make nominations for officers for
the proposed Fire Insurance Company.

Mr. H. B. Beatty seconded the motion.

Mr. John G. Esler: This is for a temporary organization. Of
course you cannot make it a permanent organization at this time.

The President : Is the Convention ready to vote on the ques-
tion ?

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23

Hon. C. W. Hoitt: I am not, Mr. President. I may be a little
dull but I want to know " where we are at " in this matter. If there
is an organization or a corporation in existence, or if this committee
had been authorized to create a corporation, then perhaps this motion
would come in properly ; but I think that, before we select a commit-
tee to nominate officers, we need to have a corporation or institution
for which those officers are to serve. I may be wrong about it, but, if
so, several of my friends around me here are in a like predicament, and
I ask the Chair to set me right.

The President: It would be somewhat presumptuous in the
Chair for him to attempt to give Judge Hoitt a point of law.

Mr. John G. Esler: I would explain to Judge Hoitt that the
Fire Insurance Committee believed that by effecting a temporary
organization quicker work could be done. If the committee are con-
tinued, they would have to report to the next annual meeting of the
Society of American Florists and nothing would be accomplished until
that time. On the other hand, if a temporary organization is now
effected and a sufficient number of members subscribe, the officers of
the Company could call those members together and go right ahead
with the work without waiting to come back to the Society again for
authority. They could at once get this thing in working order. That
is the only object in asking now for a temporary organization.

Judge Hoitt. I appreciate the point which the gentleman makes
and am indebted to him for his explanation. From the motion that
was made I did not get the idea clearly.

Mr. Esler: Probably the committee did not state it with suffi-
cient clearness. In attempting to make their report brief they did not
perhaps give, as they should have given, the reasons for the temporary
organization. They believed it would be better to have such an organ-
ization than that the committee should be continued for another year.

A vote was then taken and the motion was adopted with but
one negative vote.

Mr, Esler: I will simply say that if the temporary organization is
effected and the florists of the country do not show enough interest iu
the project to pay up the million or two million of dollars that will be
necessary, (and that will be the first step taken, I presume,) the project
may never be heard of.

The President here announced, as the committee authorized
"by the motion, Messrs. W. J. Vesey of Fort Wayne, Ind. ; John
G. Esler of Saddle River, N. J.; and C. W. Hoitt of Nashua,
N. H.

APPOINTMENT OF EXHIBITION JUDGES.

Secretary Stewart, by request of the Chair, made the
following announcement of the appointments made by the Presi-

24 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

dent on the Committees on Awards in the Trade Exhibition ; the
first name, in each instance, being that of the chairman :

Plants — Messrs. Samuel Henshaw of New York City; John Ding-
wall of Albany, IST. Y. ; Alexander MacLellan of Newport, K, I.

Cut Blooms — Messrs. John White of Pittsfiekl, Mass. ; S. N.
Pentecost of Cleveland, O. ; J. A. Shellem of Philadelphia.

Boilers and Heating Apparatus— Messrs. Pred Burki of
Allegheny, Pa. ; F. R. Mathison of Waltham, Mass. ; H. A. Hart of
Cleveland, O.

Greenhouse Appliances and Plower Pots— Messrs. S. J.
Eeuter of Westerly, R. I. ; M. A. Patten of Lowell, Mass. ; James M.
Logan of White Plains, N. Y.

Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthenware — Messrs. L. H.
Foster of Dorchester, Mass ; J. M. Gasser of Cleveland, O. ; G. Lud-
wig, Alleghany, Pa.

Bulbs and Seeds — Messrs. A. K. McMahon of Newport, R. L ;
Chas. Zeller of Flatbush, N. Y. ; A. Millar of Pawtucket, R. I.

Miscellaneous Exhibits — (The Chairmen of the Commit-
tees)— Messrs. Henshaw, White, Burki, Renter, Foster and McMahon.

On Plant Displays — In competition for the silver and bronze
medals as provided for in schedule : — Messrs. Edwin Lonsdale, M. H.
Norton and W. R. Smith.

The President remarked that any of tlie gentlemen named
who objected to serving, or desired to be excused, had now an
opportunity to state so and that, if they did not avail themselves of
it, every one of them woidd be expected to serve.

Mr. H. a. Hart : I ask to be excused.

The President: The Chair is well acquainted with Mr. Hart,
knows something of that gentleman's engagements and does not think
he can excuse the gentleman. [General merriment, in which Mr.
Hart joined, without insisting on his request.]

The Secretary announced that 2.30 p. m. in Exhibition Hall,
had been fixed as the time and place for the meeting of the Exhibi-
tion Judges. . He also stated that by vote of the Executive
Committee, and in d.eference to what seemed to be a demand at the
meeting a year ago, a blackboard Avould be placed in front of the
platform to-morrow morning, on which tliose who desired to do so
might write the names of candidates for any of the offices.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25

READING OF COMMUNICATIONS.

A number of communications, some of which were rather
voluminous, were presented by Secretary Stewart, who stated the
substance of a portion of them and, by request, read others at
length. They were as follows :

From the Mayor of Niagara Falls, urging the variety and extent of
hotel accommodations and the means of amusement for the delegates,
etc., in case Niagara Falls should be selected as a meeting place for
next year.

From the Superintendent of the Niagara Falls Reservation, offer-
ing the use of the hall in Prospect Park, for convention purposes,
without charge.

From the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Niagara
Falls, inviting the Society to meet there in 1899, in connection with
the Pan-American Exposition to be then held.

Mr. p. J. DoNOHUE of Lenox, Mass., created some amuse-
ment by inquiring whether Xiagara Falls was in Canada, or in the
United States.

Secretary Stewart also announced receipt of the follow-
ing:

Copy of a memorial which had been presented to Congress, from
the American Chamber of Commerce at Paris, urging early action
in the interests of an adequate provision for the presentation of Amer-
ican interests at the Universal Exposition to be held at Paris in 1900,
togetlier with a request that the Society of American Florists take
steps to cooperate in the efforts now being made to this end.

An invitation from Mr. F. W. Taylor, Supt. of the Agricultural,
Horticultural and Forestry Department of the Trans-Mississippi and
International Exposition to be held at Omaha in 1898.

A batch of invitations to visit Nashville — duplicates of those
received last year, with an additional one from the Chamber of Com-
merce of Nashville, inviting the Society to attend the Exhibition now
in progress there, after the adjournment of the present meeting.

A letter from Mr. W. J. Hesser of Plattsmouth, Neb., inviting the
Society of American Florists to meet next year at Omaha, and humor-
ously adding, "The Indians are not very bad any more, so don't be
afraid of them but come and see a real, live Western city."

An invitation from the Hygiea Hotel at Old Point Comfort, Ya.,
rehearsing the attractions of that beautiful place as a convention site.

A prospectus in reference to an Agricultural Congress at Omaha,
proposing that all the Agricultural' Associations of the United States
shall be represented there in 1898.

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Mr. John N. May inquired whether the invitation from Niag-
ara Falls was for next year or the year following that. He said
that in one of the communications from that point 1898 was men-
tioned, and the other was an invitation for 1899.

Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, replied that he understood the
date of the Pan-American Exposition (in which the South Ameri-
can republics would take part) was fixed for 1899 and would be
held on a large island in the Niagara River, a few miles from Niag-
ara Falls. He spoke of the desire to have the Society go there and
the inducements that would be offered. He suggested that Mr.
Long was better jDrepared than himself to give information on the
subject.

Mr. D. B. Long of Buffalo, responding to Mr. Scott's call,
explained that the work of organization for the Pan-American Ex-
position in 1899 was being conducted as expeditions!}^ as circum-
stances would allow, but its details had not been well enough
matured to warrant the sending of a specific invitation to the
Society of American Florists regarding the exhibits, etc. He said
he had been recently informed by the Secretarj^ of the Chamber of
Commerce of Niagara Falls that they were endeavoring to induce
as many conventions as possible to meet there, and that an invita-
tion had been sent to the Society of American Florists for 1898.
Upon consulting further with that gentleman, and also with the
Secretary of the Pan-American Exposition, it was considered that
the best thing that could be done Avas to extend an invitation to
xhe Society of American Florists to meet at Niagara Falls in 1899.
The Exjiosition would be held seventeen miles from Buffalo, but it
was expected that trolley lines would furnish quick communication
with that city. Special railroad rates and the free use of a hall for
exhibits would be offered. He said that if the Society would hold
a meeting at Niagara Falls, it would be able to try the experiment
of conducting its trade exhibition under its own auspices exclu-
sively, instead of, as at present, having it in the hands of a local
concern or under local influence and having two organizations
w^here there should be but one. Any revenue derived from the
exhibition hall would help to replenish the Society's treasury.

Mr. Samuel Henshaw of New York, suggested that as the
invitation from Niagara Falls was foi' 1899, discussion upon it at the
present time was premature.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAISr FLORISTS. 27

The President remarked that the Society would be enabled to
look forward to a meeeting at Niagara Falls two years hence, and
to accept the invitation if meanwhile some other point was not
preferred.

At this hour (12.15 o'clock) the morning session terminated.

entertainment of the ladies.

In the afternoon the lady companions of the delegates were
the guests of the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of R. I., and of Mr.
Timothy McCarthy, Superintendent of Swan Point Cemetery.
The arrangements were perfected by the local Florists' Ladies'
Auxiliary. At two o'clock, p. m., six barges, well filled with ladies
and their escorts, started from the Narragansett Hotel and, after a
pleasant drive through the residential part of the city, reached
Swan Point, where they were shown through the beautiful grounds.
After returning to the Superintendent's house refreshments were
served and groujD pictures of the ladies and their gentlemen escorts
were taken. The visitors then inspected the grounds adjoining
the Dexter Asjdum and returned to the city about six o'clock, p. m.

the president's reception.

A numerous and brilliant assemblage of ladies and gentlemen
attended the President's reception of the delegates, on Tuesday
evening, which was held in the Convention Hall under the auspices
of the local Club. President Graham was assisted in receiving by
Secretary Stewart of the Society of American Florists and Presi-
dent Macrae of the Providence Club. Stationed at one end of the
hall, the President grasped the hands of and cordially greeted each
person in the throng that filed past him.

During the more formal exercises which followed, Vice-Presi-
dent Jas. B. Canning of the local Club, presided. The following
letter from Governor Dyer of Rhode Island, was read by Secretary
Mason :

State or Khode Island, Executive Department,

Providence, Aug. 7, 1897.
Messrs. Farquhar Macrae, President ; James B. Canning,
YiCE President ; William H. Mason, Secretary ; A. M.
Rennie, Treasurer.

Gentlemen : — I am in receipt of your very courteous invitation to
be your guest Aug, 17, 18, 19 and 20, and address the members of the
Society of American Florists on Tuesday evening, Aug. 17. I desire to

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

express my thanks for the courtesy extended to me and my sincere
regrets that my absence from the State during that week prevents me
from accepting the same.

In your letter of the 4th, inst., conveying the invitation to me, you
are kind enough to thank me " for the courtesies and good will by me
toward your Society. "

Will you permit me to say here that I think the people of the
United States have a debt of gratitude to pay to the florists and
gardeners of the country, which they do not realize.

Year by year, keeping pace with the magnificent development of
the country in architecture and the arts, your craftsmen have made
the lawns and grounds of those whom fortune has favored beautiful as
the gardens of the gods, and carried to the poor and the sick, the
beauty of the lily and the fragrance of the rose.

Wishing that every success may attend the meetings of the Society
in this city, I am, very respectfully,

Elisha Dyer,

Gov. of Uhode Island.

The musical features of the evening included selections by the
orchestra, singing by the Union Veteran Quartet, and a number of
solos artistically rendered by Florence Batchelder Snow, which were
heartily applauded. Refreshments were served and the festivities
closed with dancing.

SECOND DAY.

Wednesday, August 18, 1897.
The Convention was called to order at 10.45 a.m., by Presi-
dent Graham.

AWARDS IN THE TRADE EXHIBITION.

The first business in order was the reports of the Exhibition
Judges.

The Secretary explained tliat the reports had been examined
by the Executive Committee and, excepting where otherwise
noted, had been endorsed as presented. He proceeded with the
reading of the reports and gave the names of the judges by whom
they Avere signed.

The reports Avere acted upon separately, as read, and adopted
by separate votes. The report on Plants was adopted on motion
of Mr. John Burton ; that on Cut Blooms, on motion of Mr. Ben-
jamin Hammond ; that on Boilers and Heating Apparatus, on

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29

motion of Mr. Robert Kift ; that on Greenhouse Appliances and
Flower Pots, and that on Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthen-
ware, on motion of Mr. II. A. Siebrecht ; that on Bulbs and Seeds,
on motion of Mr. Robert Kift; that on Miscellaneous Exhibits,
(except as to two items,* which, after examination, the Executive
Committee referred back for revision,) on motion of Mr. Siebrecht.

The Secretary also read the report of the Judges appointed
to award the silver and bronze medals of the Society of American
Florists on displays in the upper hall.

Upon the suggestion of Mr. F. L. Atkins (who called attention
to an error by which an award had been made to him instead of
to Pitcher & Manda,) the report was corrected by substituting
the names of Pitcher & Manda for that of F. L. Atkins. The
report as modified was then adopted.

(The full text of the reports of the Exhibition Judges will be found
in the appendix at the end of this volume.)

root galls or cultivated plants.

A paper on "Root Galls of Cultivated Plants," by Prof. B. D.
Halsted of the Agricultural Experiment Station at New Bruns-
wick, N. J., was the next business in order. In the absence of its
author, who was in attendance at a meeting elsewhere, Mr. John
N. May had kindly consented to read the paper.

Mr. May received a round of applause upon coming forward.
The paper was as follows :

Galls, that is unusual malformations of small portions of a plant,
occur upon leaves, stems and roots, and may be induced by insects or
other animals, fungi, etc. The time limits of this paper will not per-
mit even the briefest outline of the various forms of galls of leaves or
stems, and the subject assigned me is at once taken in hand.

Koot galls are many and equally various as to tlieir origin. A cab-
bage or turnip plant, for example, is making a death struggle and upon
removing its roots from the ground, they are found malformed beyond
what the imagination would picture. The English truckers call it
"finger and toes" in an attempt to describe, in the name, the strange
combination of roots. We call it "clubroot" or "clumpfoot"; but
by whatever name it is known, the fact remains that the root system
has been wonderfully malformed and, instead of the ordinary fibrous
roots there are a multitude of ill-shaped nodules strung together.

*NoTE. The two items referred to were subsequently revised to accord with
the rules governing awards.

30 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEETH C0NVENTI0:N^,

This galling of the turnip, cabbage and allied, plants is due to a
minute fungus that makes its attack upon the plant, while it is quite
young and the roots are small and tender. The germs are in the soil
and remain there for years, feeding upon the roots of weeds or other
plants belonging to the cabbage group of plants. Thus the mustards,
shepherd's purse, pepper grasses and similar weedy plants all harbor
the clubroot fungus. This fact of the wide range of the turnip club-
root pest is brought out to show how plants related to the crop
infested may be the means of preserving the enemy and even increas-
ing the germs in a soil, while the field is devoted to some other crop,
simply because the weeds as nurse plants of the fungus are permitted
to grow.

Instead of a cabbage one pulls up a vigorous bean plant. Upon its
branching roots are a score or more of nearly spherical bodies half the
size of small peas. These are the so-called tubercles and consist of a
wall of normal bean root tissue ; but within this the cell contents
consist of innumerable bacteria-like cells.

The following is Tubeuf's description of these galls as translated
by Smith in the large book upon "Diseases of Plants " issued during
the present year. "The short red-shaped microbe forces its way into
a root hair or epidermal cell, multiplies there, and is conducted to the
inner cortical cells by plasma threads continuous through the cell
walls. A rapid division of the inner cortical cells is set up till a
tubercle is formed. * * * * The bacteria multiply simultaneously
and are transferred into new cells where a great change comes over
most of them; they enlarge very much and become club-shaped or
dichotomously branched bodies without power of division. * * The
great importance of the tubercles of leguminosse.is that the plants
bearing them are capable of taking up free nitrogen from the atmos-
phere and utilizing it."

This somewhat lengthy quotation has been made because the find-
ing of these galls upon the roots of clover and other leguminoste by
some growers of roses and other ornamental plants had led to some
discussion in the public press. The galls common to the clover roots
and those of peas, beans and many other plants are not due to the
same cause as those met with upon the roots of many ornamental
plants, and the finding of them upon the clovers growing in a certain
soil should be in no way used as a reason for discarding that soil for
greenhouse purposes. In like manner the galls produced in the roots
of any clover or clover-like plants in a bed devoted to roses is no index
whatsoever that there is danger of the roses becoming galled.

The subject of tubercles and the peculiar relation that they bear in
the economy of the plant bearing them forms one of the most inter-
esting chapters in modern vegetable nutrition. In case of the galls
upon the cabbage roots they are a positive injury and sooner or later
the plant loses the power of root absorption and wilts and dies; the
roots in the meantime becoming rotten and foul smelling. With the
tubercles of the leguminosae there is increased vigor given to the plant

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31

that bears them, and the advantage of their development is a well
recognized fact, which is taking practical shape in the artificial propa-
gation of the tubercle germs, and their being sown where there may be
otherwise a lack of them in the soil.

In the third place let us consider the nature of the root gull of the
roses. These are not due to fungi or the organisms that produce the
tubercles of the leguminose plants, but result from the attack of
microscopic worms that are known as nematodes. These creatures are
in form like that of an ordinary eel and under the miscroscope are easily
recognized by their almost constant wiggling, thus giving them the
common name of eel-worms. The general appearance of rose roots
when infested with the nematode worms is not unlike that of a lupine
or a sweet clover plant. The galls of the one might easily be mistaken
for those of the other until the microscope is brought to the rescue,
when the differences become so remarkable that the wonder is that
causes so widely separated should produce results that to the naked
eye are so similar. The galls of the rose vary much in size and shape,
but usually are but a small fraction of an inch in diameter and consist
of enlargements of the fibres of the root system.

These nematode galls are much more abundant upon the roots than
generally known, and because of their being under ground they remain
unnoticed until the infested plants show unmistakable signs of decline,
when an investigation results in the discovery of the root galls. They
are much more abundant in warm climates than elsewhere, and that is
one reason why they are especially prevalent in the greenhouse.

In looking up the subject of a tomato blight in Mississippi a few
years ago, the writer was impressed with the fact that nearly every
tomato plant was affected with root galls due to nematodes. In the
north the freezing of the soil thoroughly and deeply during the winter
tends to keep these root enemies in check, and from experience it is a
a fact that they are more abundant in seasons that follow mild winters

In this there is a practical suggestion, namely, the long hard freez-
ing of a soil that is to be afterwards employed in the greenhouse for
the growth of plants like roses and violets that are very liable to
attack from the nematode. These worms propagate with great rapidity
where conditions favor them, and it is better to take all precautions in
keeping them out of the bed at the outset, than to leave the work of
eradication until after they are well established in the plants.

This leads directly to a consideration of precautionary measures.
In the first place the plants should be free from the worms, the most
difficult end to reach, as it means a removal of the earth and a careful
examination of the roots with the rejection of all plants that are
infested. The eel-worms may come in with the earth and, as before
stated, they infest the roots of many plants, there is difficulty in
making a selection and feel at all certain of freedom from the worms.
Soil that has been used for growing a previous crop should be dis-
carded, especially if the plants lacked in vigor, due to inroads
upon them made by the nematodes. Freeziug as before stated

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

is a cleansing process for the soil. On the other hand, a high
temperature is also inimical to them. The heating of the soil, either
baking or steaming, is probably the more available of the two treat-
ments and has been resorted to by some growers with cheering
results. If manure should be the chief vehicle for the entrance of the
worms, it may be possible to either heat it, or else resort to plant food
added in the form of commercial fertilizers. It is also possible that
some substance may be put upon the soil that, while harmless to the
plants, may kill the worms that are not already in the roots of the
plants. Lime is such a substance, which when sprinkled over the
surface will, at each watering, yield a lime wash that is destructive to
the worms it reaches. Kainit, one of the leading commercial fertilizers
has proved effective in combating insects that work through the soil,
and it is not unlikely that this substance may prove of value in the
greenhouse.

In conclusion, it has been the attempt in this brief paper to call
attention to three classes of root galls by citing one case of each.
First, those malformations of roots, like the clubroot of the cabbage,
due to a low form of mold, the germs of which enter from the soil,
and when in sufficient number destroy the affected plant.

Secondly, the root galls of clover and clover-like plants, which are
produced by bacterial germs, but instead of inducing decay promote
the life of the plant in which they are lodged. Between the clover and
the tubercle germ there exists, so to say, a mutual understanding, and
their life processes are united for the benefit of both.

Lastly, a third class of root galls is considered, namely, those most
abundant -upon the roots of greenhouse plants and much dreaded by
florists. These are produced by microscopic worms that, thriving in
the tissue of the abnormally swollen roots, check the activity of the
plant and ultimately may cause it to sicken and die.

For the eradication of these microscopic eel-worms there are cer-
tain precautionary measures that may well be borne in mind, namely,
the examination of the roots of plants and the rejection of all that are
galled; the cleansing of the soil in all its constituents by freezing, bak-
ing or steaming; the use of lime water while the crop is growing and
possibly that of Kainit or some other commercial fertilizer, bearing in
mind always that sick plants are unprofitable, and good management
means watchfulness from the start and always.

The President called attention to the importance of the
subject of Prof. Halsted's carefully prepared paper and invited
discussion.

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht made a brief response to the invitation.
He expressed his appreciation of the paper and also of the trouble
which Prof. Halsted had taken to give the Society some insight into the
matter. He said there was much to be learned about insect life, not
only as to the eel-worm but as to many other such pests and enemies

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33

with which the tiorists have to fight during their lives. He believed
that if the members of the Society would avail themselves of the
opportunities at their command, they could reach the experiment
stations and find great benefit in the knowledge there acquired in
regard to different insects and insecticides. He thought that in this
way a valuable paper like that now presented would be forthcoming
each year, at the annual meeting, and that further investigation and
study would give a deeper insight into and stimulate a study of the
trouble caused by the insects with which llorists had to contend
every day. [Applause.]

Mr. M. I. O'Brien of Sharon, Pa. : When we sent part of our root
galls to be examined they were found to contain eel-worms, and I
would like to be informed as to the best way of making an examina-
tion ourselves. I found, in the course of a little experiment, that by
taking a part of the gall and placing it under an ordinary magnifying
glass I could not discover any eel-worm, but by putting a portion of
this gall, say one-eighth of an inch, between two small pieces of glass,
pressing it until the sap or juice came out and then placing the sap
under a magnifying glass, I discovered four of those eel-worms swim-
ming around in the liquid. I have tried the remedies suggested in the
trade papers. I have also tried a strong solution of tobacco water
around the roots, and I will repeat it this Fall. I believe that Mr.
May is quite an authority on eel-worms, and I ask him if, in his
discoveries, he has found anything that will check their progress. I,
for one, should much like to have him throw some light on the subject.

Mr. John N. May. In reply to Mr. O'Brien's remarks I would
say that appeals are often made to me by people who want to know
how to detect the eel-worm. First of all you have to cut those root
galls into pieces, as many as you like, (it is best to split them in the
centre,) and then use water enough to dissolve them or to soften them.
Out of a small root gall, if properly handled — a small piece not larger
than the head of a pin — I have often squeezed, with a pair of tweezers,
twenty-five or thirty eel-worms alive. But, as a matter of fact, in
doing that you must kill a great many. A fair estimate made by Prof.
Halsted and myself, when we were investigating the eel-worm ques-
tion, was that from fifty to seventy-five eel-worms could be found in a
single clump not much larger than a pin's head. This will enable
you to form an idea of how many there really are 'in the roots of a
whole plant.

With reference to checking the eel-worm I am free to confess that
I have found but one really safe thing to do; and that is, subjecting
your soil, every particle of it, manure and everything else, to at least
2.35 to 240 degrees before using. Then you can be safe from eel-worms
but not until then. If your soil naturally has eel-worms in it you will
get them in the plants.

The paper just read is hitting at me on one point — in reference to
clover roots. Professor Halsted and myself have had a good many
arguments over this. I thought I had demonstrated to him that he

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

was a little at sea, as well as other gentlemen, in regard to it. I can
produce clover roots within thirty minutes of my greenhouse that are
absolutely full of eel-worms, and I can produce clover roots at the
same distance in another direction that have no eel-worms in the galls
upon them. Science is all right, of course, but I come down to facts.
If I take into the greenhouse, soil from a field that has eel- worms in it
and if I plant my roses in that soil the roots will be full of eel- worms.
At the same time I can take soil from another portion where there are
no eel-worms, and I can grow my roses as well as I have ever done by
the same process. Unfortunately, the soil is not at my command; I
cannot buy it and cannot make it. It is a conundrum as to why soil
at points not more than ten miles apart should be so entirely different
in its composition. I do not contend that club roots on clover are
always produced by eel-worms but large numbers of them are pro-
duced by eel-worms, because I have extracted as many eel-worms from
club of clover root as I have from the same sized club of a rose root.

Mr. Benj. Hammond of Fishkill, IS". Y. : Having listened to the
paper of Prof. Halsted and the remarks of Mr. May, I wish to give a
hint or two which, if followed by gentlemen who are growing roses,
will probably do no harm and may be of considerable benefit to them.
That which I suggest has been tried in the cultivation not only of
roses but of cabbage, cauliflower and other plants that are amenable
to clubroot or the enlargement of their root gland. The mouth of the
root is open, .and in the root there is a hollow as there is in a hair;
these minute eel-worms bite on the root, and the consequnece is that
an excrescence grows there, which stops the suction power of the root,
cutting off the feeding of the body of the plant, and causing the plant
to die for want of nourishment. I am reminded of a simple remedy
for this trouble. It is alluded to in Peter Henderson's book called
"Gardening for Profit," wherein attention is called to the fact that
in Communipaw the gardeners were successful in raising cabbage
largely free from clubroot by the use of lime. Now, lime is nearly an
insoluble substance. If my memory serves me right, it takes about
one thousand pounds of water to dissolve about one pound of lime.
If you take a hundred pounds of slack lime and let it stand until it
becomes thoroughly pulverant, it will expand in bulk. Then take
three pounds of nitrate of soda and let it dry by exposure until it has
lost a good portion of its dampness, (thereby losing nothing in the vital
properties of your chemicals but simi^ly losing moisture,) then reduce
it to a fine powder like salt, by using a common rolling-pin or by
treading on it. You will put that to your hundred pounds of slack
lime and mix it up thoroughly. Then take the soil that is to be put in
your bench and mix the lime and soda with it, using perhaps about one
bushel in bulk to a bench, say, of one hundred feet in length, or there-
abouts. You will find that this will prove quite effective in destroy-
ing the pernicious pests in the soil.

If you do not care to take that trouble with your soil, you may
take the lime, after the plants are set, and dust it upon the soil in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35

sufficient quantity to show a white powder over the entire surface.
This can be done with an ordinary implement, such as is used in dust-
ing plaster and Paris Green over potatoes. When applied in that way,
in sufficient quantity, you can do no harm and may derive much
benefit.

Mr. E. H. Cushman of Euclid, Ohio, asked of what value is
the nitrate of soda with lime.

Mr. Hammond replied: The nitrate of soda causes a rapid and
vigorous growth; and the more root you get on a plant the more easy
it is to keep it going, even if some should be destroyed by the eel-
worm.

The President invited further discussion in the line of Mr.
Hammond's instructive remarks, but no response was made.

On motion of Mr. "W. W. Coles, a vote of thanks to Prof.
Halsted was unanimously carried.

THE FLORIST AS SCIENTIST VS. ARTISAN.

The next matter on the program was a paper on " The Florist
as Scientist vs. Artisan," by Mr. F. W. Rane, of the Agricultural
College, Durham, N. H.

The paper was read by its author and was much applauded.
It was as follows :

By way of introduction, I wish to say that by the term, "florist, "
1 really mean " horticulturist, " using it in the broader sense, just as
we call our gathering "The Society of American Florists," the term in-
cluding the landscape gardener, park superintendent, and not exclud-
ing, as far as I know, the vegetable or fruit-grower, should he desire to
join.

Most of us call ourselves florists while here, nevertheless I dare
say but few of us adhere strictly to floriculture. The great rank and
file grow plants and flowers, but find it to our advantage to have had
more or less experience in laying out grounds, growing vegetables
and fruits, propagating shubbery, caring for parks, cemeteries, etc.

Much was said last year about changing the name of our Associa-
tion, many thinking we have outgrown the old name, and that the
term does not convey the larger and truer meaning it should. While
this is true, it nevertheless appears to me that it is far better to have
an association with an elastic name rather than one with a name too
general. There are enough florists in this country to make this Society
a success, and florists, as a class, are such whole-souled and good-
hearted people that they are always willing to expand and enlarge
along parallel occupations should circumstances desire or demand it.

I would venture to say that should I inquire of this Association as
to the best varieties of lettuce or celery on the one hand, or shrubs and

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

trees on the other, the subject would be as ably discussed as the
culture of many flowers.

During the past year I had occasion to advertise for a foreman to
take charge of both greenhouse and gardens at the New Hampshire
College, and found that all the applicants were men claiming to be
experienced in one as well as the other. During the past month a
gentleman living in London, England, having just completed a fine
summer residence in our town, desired to get a man suited to take
charge of his place ; it is needless to say that there was little trouble
in filling the same. There are plenty of men who have prepared them-
selves for just such places. This man wanted drives laid out, a small
vegetable garden, plants for his table and conservatory, lawn kept in
order, etc.

Now to return to my subject, should I call a person filling the last
named position, or, in fact either, a florist or a horticulturist ? Per-
haps the latter would be more fitting, but were neither a florist they
could not have filled the positions. "VVe may consider " florist, "
therefore, as a broad term for the present.

It is equally important that I convey to you my meaning of
"scientist" and "artisan." Perhaps I should have used the terms
educated and uneducated florists ; however, that does not convey the
whole meaning I desire to present. It appears to me that many times
the term "scientist" is misconstrued. A scientific florist is simply a
man who has a knowledge of the elementary sciences, such as botany,
which may be divided into systematic, economic and physiological
botany ; chemistry of plant growth; soil physics; geology; entomology,
or the classification and study of insects and how to combat them ;
micology, or the study of plant diseases, their remedies, etc. To some,
education in all these branches may seem unnecessary, but they are,
nevertheless, as fundamental to the enlightened understanding and
due appreciation of a fiorist as it is for a doctor to have a knowledge of
the origin and uses of the medicines which he prescribes for his
patients. Time was when there were few doctors and many so-called
" quacks; " nowadays the quack is disappearing. The natural tenden-
cy, however, is toward physicians, well educated, trained and skilled in
their profession. The quack was a doctor in the days gone by as much
as the MD. ; and the terms, "artisan" and "scientist" are as
applicable to these two cases as they are to the term "florist " to-day.
We would have the quack doctors with us still, were it not that the
study of medicine has reached a scientific level, and only those able
and willing to attain that high standing are recognized as worthy of
practicing it. The florist is not compelled to pass any state examina-
tions to practice his profession, and his occupation is not directly
parallel to that of a physician ; nevertheless, it should be our aim to
make our calling of high attainments. Although many of us are
capable of growing flowers and making a financial success of it, we
nevertheless are anxious that the occupation we represent be^^ennobled
and of high standard.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37

Who of US would not have our sous aud daughters better educated
than are we ourselves, in the fundamentals that go to make their
occupations in life the better understood and loved V It is here, then,
I desire to point out in a general way, the difference between the florist
as scientist and artisan. Time was when the florist was simply an
artisan or person appreciated in his profession, required to do in a
mechanical way as his einployer or foreman did ; no reasons or expla-
nations were necessary. He simply imbibed the business until he
became an automatic machine, never doing anything in an original way.

We doubtless have many florists to-day that belong to this old
school of training, and many, too, that are considered a prize by their
employers. I think it is Peter Henderson that shows in some of his
writings very plainly that in floriculture, as in other occupations,
American thrift and enterprise have rapidly been changing, and that
one finds that there are other way of doing things even better, quicker
and by far more profitable than the old one.

In floriculture, as elsewhere, the wide-awake ■ man who is well
versed in and prepared for his life work, is the successful one. It
would be a simple matter for me to point out, as noted examples,
members of this Association, who are recognized as men of thought
and ability, as is evidenced by their publications and writings. These
are the men we feel proud of and point our would-be florists to, as
examples. There are plenty of us who can do the routine work of
floriculture, but comparatively few who can stimulate others to an
appreciation of our labors. I sincerely believe that we, as florists,
should resolve to place a high standard of education upon our em-
ployees, and insist that they become versed in the simple scientific
principles covering plant growth, so that they would become more.
actively interested in their calling.

Education means advancement. I have students in my classes in
horticulture who knew nothing about floriculture or its allied sub-
jects, nor even, perhaps, ever cared anything about the subject until it
was brought before them, when many became deeply interested.
Although few ever become florists, nevertheless, from their short
experience in such work as in making an inventory of all the plants in
the greenhouses, recording their names, propagating a number from
both seeds and cuttings, learning something of their insect enemies
and fungous diseases, etc., they gain an interest in them that is lasting.
One young man, taking the general agricultural course, who has a year
yet before graduating, naturally took to the subjects of Forestry and
Landscape Gardening. For his practical work this Spring term, he
surveyed, plotted and prepared general drawings for our college
grounds.

We need more teaching of floriculture. Floricultural schools are
the things of the future, as indeed, is already being evidenced.
Courses in floriculture are already offered in our best agricultural col-
leges, there being in some cases both the scientifically-trained teacher
and a good practical florist, under whom the student receives his

38 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONA^ENTION,

instruction. It was but a few years ago that horticulture was recog-
nized as being of enough importance in our colleges to allow a man to
devote all his attention to it. The Professor of Horticulture has
invariably been Professor of Agriculture, Botany, Entomology,
Geology, etc., in which horticulture usually received the least
attention. It is needless for me to say this is rapidly changing.

Horticulture is a term covering the science and art of Pomology,
or fruit growing, Oleraculture or vegetable gardening. Floriculture,
and Landscape Horticulture. A horticulturist is not a specialist as
much as a florist. The one is general while the other is specific. The
requirements or preparation for either should be the same up to a
certain point. No student can be made properly to understand the
facts of horticulture unless he is thoroughly grounded in the elemen-
tary sciences of Botany, Chemistry, etc., which underlie the principles
of plant growth. The sciences underlying floriculture are necessarily
taught in our advanced common schools. Much is said in these days
about agriculture and its allied branches being taught in our public
schools. We inight join such and ask that we specialize still further
and treat floriculture here also. It seems to nie here we make
a mistake. It is well enough to decorate and embellish schoolrooms
and grounds and insist that our teachers have a liking for and knowl-
edge of the vegetable kingdom, but another thing to teach abstract
principles to those who have no idea of the simple. The primary
school is the place, however, for primary instruction and should be
confined to that. What the child needs is a general education with the
technical brought in as early as possible and not too early.

This is the practical age, and success seems to be measured by the
financial side. Everything that contributes to money-making seems to
be sought after, regardless of consequences. The haste to become a
full-fledged florist has undoubtedly dwarfed many a young man that
might have been better prepared for his life work had he stuck to
schooling longer. This is not only true of the florist, but in many
other professions. The utilitarian idea has caused many a lawyer,
preacher, farmer, horticulturist, doctor, etc., to take the shortest cut
toward passing as. a representative of one or the other of these various
professions, with the result of being handicapped. A fourth-rate lawyer
seldom becomes first-rate, a quack doctor a first-class physician, a poor
preacher an orator, or, in fact, an uneducated florist the representa-
tive man that he might, had he prepared himself the more thoroughly.
There are hundreds of florists to-day, had they the proper earlier
training to enable them to understand and express themselves plainly,
either orally or in writing, who would he far in advance of what they
are already. I do not desire to be understood as criticising in any way
our florists of to-day, as no country of the world has made more rapid
advancement in so short a time ; nevertheless, we have a future before
us that promises much, provided the advancement is of the right sort.
It is with this future plainly m view that I throw out the thought of
this short paper.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39

If we remain content with making a financial success only and
ever live for grasping and thrusting the almighty dollar into our
pockets, we forget the goal of life. Doubtless there is many an artisan
who loves and appreciates his work, but how much more he might
appreciate it were he better prepared to comprehend its broader signifi-
cance.

Finally, we cannot know too much about our occupations; the
more that is known, the broader the horizon, and the greater pleasure
and profit to be had. The inspiration, fellowship, and broader knowl-
edge gained from attending meetings of this sort are in direct line of
education. Many florists remain away, doubtless on account of the
expense principally; others think they cannot be taught anything they
do not know already. 1 do not believe there is a single progressive
florist or person interested in floriculture within reasonable distance,
but that would be fully repaid financially, as well as educationally,
should he attend and get in touch with the real object of this Associa-
tion. The practical idea should not absorb the mind so that people
lose sight of the broader fields.

To conclude, I would not be understood as advocating never to
advise young men to attempt becoming florists were they unable to
have had the training of a scientist. It is well known many have, and
others will make, successes in this very way. The artisan is fully as
important as the scientist, but where both can be found in one, the
nearer we approach the ideal florist. Let us elevate, ennoble and
improve our chosen profession by improving our own opportunities as
well as stimulating a worthy appreciation and better preparation for
the work of future generations, thereby bringing greater credit to the
name "florist."

The President invited discussion of the very carefully pre-
pared and interesting paper by Mr. Rane.

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht said the author of the paper had so
fully covered the subject that there appeared to be nothing left to
be said upon it, other than that Mr. Rane was entitled to an appre-
ciative vote of thanks for his able production.

On motion of Mr. Siebrecht, a unanimous vote of thanks
was tluly extended to Mr. Rane.

trees and shrubs grown by florists.
The subject of the next paper was " Trees and Shrubs such as
should be grown by every Florist," by Mr. Chas. J. Dawson of
Bussey Institution, Boston, Mass. Mr. Dawson, on coming for-
ward, was warmly greeted. His paper was as follows :

It is only a few years ago that the general public was hungering
for that form of gardening, which brought out great splendor of color,

40 PROCEEDIISrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

easy to obtain on account of the enterprise of the seedsmen and
florists who filled their catalogues full of glary, showy novelties and
tender garden plants. The planting of beds of tender plants, such as
geraniums and coleus, became a veritable craze and exceedingly popu-
lar, because public taste began to demand bright-colored and stiff
material for a special gardening purpose.

This purpose was part of a generally increasing desire to ornament
home grounds as effectively as possible with the smallest expenditure.
An immediate and showy result was the end desired in our gardens,
and no way seemed so seductive as to mass such plants as geraniums,
coleus, and the like, in large bodies, so that the vividness of leaf and
flower should be brought out in a strong relief against the green turf.

That this form of gardening around home grounds was of the most
expensive sort, in the long run, is well known to all who have
attempted it, and that it is growing very unpopular to the average
public having suburban home grounds to make attractive, is noticed
upon every side, and the growing tendency to plant shrubs and vines
around the home grounds of even the smallest size, shows very plainly
how the average taste is turning to the permanent planting of trees
shrubs or herbaceous plants.

To the public parks of all our large cities and towns we are
greatly indebted for the great object lesson that they are placing
before the public. That the popularity of many of our beautiful
shrubs is due to the proper planting and massing of shrubs in our
parks cannot be denied. The introduction of the study of botany in
all our public schools, is also doing much to create a love of nature and
awaken an interest in the planting of some plant or other, that would
otherwise be slow in developing in the rising generation. Once let a
person begin the study of plants, and he or she will desire to increase
the list of acquaintances of plant life, and use their eyes in reference
to plant beauty as they never did before.

The fast-growing custom of planting of school grounds which is
being advocated so much of late, is another step which cannot help but
arouse the interest and enthusiasm of the rising generation to the
desirability of doing some planting around their future homes.

Village improvement societies are all doing much to encourage
special improvement of the grounds of all their villages. The improve-
ment of the road by planting shade trees and groups of shrubs in the
public squares also tends to encourage the inhabitants of the town to
do likewise.

Thus it is that a person of average intellect, who has a home of his
own, soon awakens to the fact that the most refreshing antithesis to
the hard lines of straight and formal plots of land and angular, stiff
houses with few lines of beauty, is shrubbery plantations.

Every attempt to beautify the surroundings of a country home, no
matter on how small a scale, tends to awaken a neighbor's interest for
such beauties, and the personal example of many a man, set by the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41

proper planting of his grounds, has no doubt led to the regenerating of
the planting of home grounds of the entire community.

Thus it is very evident that the popular taste for the use of trees
and shrubs is on a rapid increase, and it was with this knowledge in
view that your Executive Committee selected this subject, as one
which should receive the earnest consideration of all florists who have
a nice business established in the suburbs of some large city or town,
where there is always more or less ornamental planting going on in
their neighborhood.

If you have a plot of land connected with your establishment for
which you have no particular use, would it not be wise for you to
establish a small supply nursery for the benefit of your customers who
would naturally want to ornament their grounds with some shrubs and
vines, and who would much prefer to obtain them locally than to send
to some distant nursery ?

This is a question you must answer for yourself. Would the
income derived from such a venture pay you and add a goodly amount
to your present income ? "Would the sale of such stock interfere with
your already existing business ? For instance, would the sale of bed-
ding plants be on the decrease by the introduction of a supply nursery
of this sort V

Personally, I do not believe the Spring sales of your bedding plants
would be injured in the least, even though the demand for shrubbery
plantations is constantly upon the increase, as there will always be a
goodly demand for a geranium, coleus, heliotrope, and the like, as they
are indispensable in certain forms of gardening.

The public who wish to plant shrubs will have them any way,
whether they obtain them locally or from a distance. There is hardly
a day passes with me in the Spring of the year, but what some inter-
ested person will stop and ask me questions in reference to some
common shrub, and where it can be obtained; and always appear
very much disappointed when I inform them that there is no local
florist who keeps such shrubs, and that they will have to send some
distance to a nurseryman. This you can realize is very provoking
when the party only wishes a small number, say from six to twelve.

With a suitable plot of land you might as well receive the benefit
from this source of business as well as some distant nurseryman, and
the establishment of this department would in all probability attract
heretofore unknown customers for your other-stock.

I do not recommend the establishment of a sizeable nursery in
this connection, but only what one might call a supply nursery, from
which you would be able to fill the average small order that is so often
sought after ; all larger orders which you would be quite probable to
receive from time to time, you could have shipped to your client direct
from your favorite nurseryman.

The varieties of shrubs carried would naturally have to be limited
and the number of each kind would depend largely upon the locality in
which you were situated. In the selectioji of your species and

42 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

varieties there are a few points to bear in mind ; first, that there are a
few plants which nearly every one will want. Deutzia gracilis,
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora and lilacs are merely examples of
that kind. Some of your clients will, in all probability, wish you to
make a small plantation around their house. In this case you should
have such shrubs as always group well together. This will not really
take many sorts, as the practice now in vogue of massing a number of
plants of one sort will readily do away with any great variety.

Again, you should take care not to select a list of shrubs which
would all rtower at the same season of the year, but, have a few sorts
for different times of the season.

Novelties — It might be well to carry a few of the most popular
ones, but very few ; the public is slow in recognizing them. Fight shy
of them, and, in preference, carry the sorts for the hundreds instead of
plants for an individual.

Trees — I should not recommend to carry, unless a few of the
choicer sorts, such as magnolias. Better obtain them direct from the
grower.

Vines — You will need a few, such as wistaria, Ampelopsis
Yeitchii, clematis, actinidia, and climbing loniceras.

For hedge plants, Berberis Thunbergii, privets, and Spiraea Thun-
bergii are the most popular.

Hybrid roses and a few pillar roses will always find a ready sale.

Altogether, twenty-five to thirty sorts of shrubs and vines are all a
local fiorist should attempt to carry to commence with. This number
will make quite a nursery, and will be sufficient to meet the average
demand.

One word in regard to the planting and digging of the stock you
are to carry. You should know enough about the planting of the
shrubs to oversee or advise as to the proper treatment of same. after
they are sold. There is altogether too large a percentage of shrubs
that die annually simply because they are not properly planted, and
then the nurseryman is usually blamed for it. No doubt he is often-
times to blame, but more often the trouble is due directly to the
customer who imagines he knows all about the planting in question,
and really knows nothing. Poorly prepared soil, the roots of the plant
severely cut back or doubled up and placed in practically a post hole is
too often the treatment that a well grown nursery plant receives, and
then it is expected not only to live, but to thrive.

If you are to make a success of a local shrub business you must see
that your shrubs are properly dug, pruned and i)acked before they leave
your establishment, . and then be able to talk intelligently to your
customer in reference to the habits and future treatment of the stock
sold. In starting a small nursery of this sort, it seems to me that the
best plan would be to lay in a fair stock of salable-sized plants from
some reliable nursery, then, in order to keep up a supply, obtain a
stock of small plants and grow them on for two or three years, when

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

43

they would be of a very salable size. In this way you could keep up a
good supply from year to year as your business demanded.

For a list of shrubs which would be most desirable, I would
recommend the following :

Syringa vulgaris (lilac) purple and white, and if business demanded
it, a tew of the choicer sorts, also theSyringa]Chinensis (Persian lilac,)
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, Yiburnum opulus sterilis, (the com-
mon snowball,) Deutzia gracilis, Spirsea Thunbergii, Spirtea Van
Houttei, Forsythia Fortunei, Exochorda granditlora, althsea, Lonicera
Tartarica, L. stella, and L. Morrowii, Philadelphus coronarius, Pyrus
Japonica, and Rosa rugosa. The above are all popular and well known.

Hybrid roses in variety; pillar roses, such as the Crimson Rambler,
the Dawson and Rosa multitlora ; Rosa setigera and Rosa Wichuraiana
are two first-class single roses, which are bound to be in great demand
in the near future.

Magnolia stellata, M. Soulangeana, M. speciosa, and Pyrus Park-
manii would do well for small trees.

Lonicera Halleana and L. Heckrodoti I would recommend as two
first-class climbing honeysuckles.

Rhododendrons, hybrid sorts, Ghent and Mollis azaleas, and
Daphne cneorum might be added as choicer and more expensive sorts
to be carried in small quantities.

For midsummer Hypericum aureum and H. Kalmianum would be
good.

This would make a fair list to start with ; more could be added or
others substituted as business demanded ; but to commence with, this
list would be enough, and, as a rule, be satisfactory to the most
eccentric customer unless he be looking for novelties.

Mr. H.^'A. Siebrecht, responding to the President's invitation to
discuss the paper, said: Mr. President, this is another very valuable
horticultural sermon — one which we need and which the average
florist needs. We see the florist in some little town or village, or even
in a large town, with a greenhouse and a little piece of ground planted
out with carnations and other things that he requires to fill his house
with. He has, perhaps, a few rods of cut bloom for the summer —
summer flora, as they are called — and then he has a patch of corn or
half an acre of potatoes; but you seldom see there a little nursery such
as Mr. Dawson has spoken of, nor any choice planting about the place.
Now I want to ask, how many shrubs would it take to pay for all the
potatoes he can raise in his little patch. Why, a dozen or two of small
shrubs would pay for all the potatoes he raises there. And how much
more ornamental and fitting would it be to have those shrubs in the
place of the fodder corn such as a common truckman would grow, on a
place like that.

The subject has been presented^by Mr. Dawson so forcibly that I
hope, when we go home, we will all make a practical adaptation of

44 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

what he has prescribed. I know that all the work on his paper was
not done by him in one day or one night. I know what a task it is to
sit down and prepare a list of shrubs fitted for this place or the other.
His paper is the result of many evenings of thought and toil ; he has
sacrificed his time in order to give us that which he has given us, and
I appreciate all this and hope that we all appreciate it. [Applause.]

On motion of Mr. Siebreciit, seconded by Mr. Robert Kift^
the thanks of the Societ}^ were unanimously voted to Mr. Dawson
for his well-thought-out and interesting paper.

To meet at Omaha in 1898.

The President announced as the next business, the selection
of a meeting place for the Convention in 1898, and called for the
reading of correspondence which had been received in relation to
it.

The Secretary stated that, in addition to the invitations read
on the previous day — from Omaha, Niagara Falls and Old Point
Comfort — the following had been received, viz :

An invi*:ation from M. P. Hurlburt, Secretary to the Commis-
sioners of Parks and Boulevards, of Detroit, stating that Commis-
sioner Balsley had had a talk with a number of leading Detroit
fiorists ; that he said there would be no trouble in getting a good hall
for exhibition puposes and for the meetings, a good bowling alley,
shooting grounds and first-class hotel accommodations at from f 1.50
per day upward, and that if the Society would come they could own
the parks and boulevards and the Commissioner would have the city
thrown in.

A telegram from Swart Bros, of Detroit, repeating the invitation
and requesting distribution among the members of the contents of a
package of books.

A letter from Buffalo, signed by the Secretary of the Pan-American
Exposition to be held in 1899, addressed to Mr. D. B. Long, requesting
him to suggest the desirability of holding the Convention in that year
either at Niagara Falls, Buffalo or La Salle, and of having two floral
exhibitions on a large scale — one in May and one in September — to
show the progress made on this side of the Atlantic in floriculture, the
Exposition Company promising to aid in providing the best facilities
therefor, so as to make the Exhibition "the finest and most complete
display ever made in America, if the technical conditions permit. "

(♦Note. Secretary Stewart remarked that the package had not arrived.)

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45

Mr. F. W. Taylor, representing the Trans-Mississippi and
International Exposition to be held at Omaha in 1898, who had
asked to be heard, was here permitted to address the Convention
upon the claims of Omaha as the next meeting place of the Society
of American Florists. He was invited to the platform and, upon
coming forward, remarked that he thought he had a fairly good
card of introduction, in the fact that he came of eight generations
of New England ancestry. He said a low railroad fare to Omaha
would be secured, that it would pay his hearers to go there and
that the people there wanted them to come. He presented a num-
ber of cordial invitations (reading some of them and stating the
purport of others) as follows :

From the officers of the State Horticultural Society of Nebraska,
pledging their best endeavors to make the Society's meeting a grand
success.

From Silas A. Holcomb, Governor of Nebraska, stating that dur-
ing the period of the Exposition (from June to November, 1898) many
national organizations will hold their conventions at Omaha; assuring
the Society of American Florists, on behalf of the people of Omaha
and of Nebraska generally, that every courtesy would be extended to
them, and authorizing Mr. Taylor to present the invitation.

From President F. M. Powell of the Iowa State Horticultural
Society, stating that the great West is a growing field for work in the
florist's line, and trusting that a meeting at Omaha will increase the
interest in floral work in the West.

From President J. P. Hess of the Southwestern Iowa Horticultural
Society, seconding the invitation of the State Society.

From John A. Wakefield, Secretary of the Trans-Mississippi and
International Exposition, stating that "The Exposition is designed
to illustrate the resources, products and capabilities of the Trans-
Mississippi States and territories, and of foreign countries;" that "it
is to be second only to the World's Fair at Chicago;" and promising
very low railroad rates and the efforts of the management and of the
citizens of Omaha to make the sojourn of the Society of American
Florists both pleasant and profitable.

From J. E. Utt, Secretary of the Commercial Club of Omaha,
representing all the business and professional interests of the city;
assuring the Society of American Florists that they will be entertained
by warm hearts and prodigal hands, .that ample accommodations for
the meetings and first-class hotel accommodations, at reasonable rates,
will be provided; and adding, " Omaha is the central city of the
United States, midway on the shortest trans-continental line between
the two oceans. Twenty lines of railway diverge from it and form a
direct line of travel to every city in the country. Any of the delegates
who may desire to go farther West will have a direct line of road run-

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

iiing from Omaha to all places of interest, including the Black Hills,
Yellowstone Park, Colorado, Salt Lake and California."

From the officers of the State Horticultural Society of Nebraska,
pledging their best endeavors to make the meeting a grand success.

From twenty-one florists and seedsmen of the three cities of
Omaha, Lincoln and Council Bluffs, pledging the Society of Amer-
ican Florists to do everything in their power to make the gathering
pleasant as well as profitable, and to secure a large attendance from
the great Trans-Mississippi country, which has heretofore been very
poorly represented in numbers at the conventions.

Mr. Taylor, in urging the acceptance of the invitation, said
lie had been assured by the Manager of the Western Passenger
Association that a one-half railroad fare would be granted. He
claimed that the time of travel to Omaha would not be more than
twenty-four hoitrs longer than to any other points to which the
Society was invited. He spoke of the mutual benefit to Western
florists and to the Society from a meeting in the West, and added,
" The florists there will not only themselves become members of
the Society, if you meet there, but they will endeavor to bring in
all the florists in that section of the country. "

Upon the conclusion of Mr. Taylor's remarks, President Gra-
ham said he had received a request from Chancellor McLean, of the
State University of Nebraska, who was present, to be permitted to
say a few words, biit that that gentlemen, not being a member of
the Society, could only be heard, through courtesy, by unanimous
consent, [No objection was made.]

Hon. Geo. Edwin McLean of the State University of Ne-
braska, was then invited to the platfrom. He made an earnest and
eloquent appeal in favor of Omaha. Referring to the University
from which he came, he said that floriculture and horticulttire were
included in the regular University courses as w^ell as in those of the
College of Agriculture, and that it was a modern institution which
his hearers ought to come to see. He suggested the quer}^ " Will
it i^ay to go there," and continued :

Yes, it will pay, the Society to live up to its name. It is the
Society of American Florists — not a Society of New England or New
York fiorists, but of American florists. The development in the last
twenty-five years of that great mid-land region beginning with the
eastern boundary of Ohio and extending to the western boundary of
Nebraska is unparalleled in history. Into the very heart of that

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47

region, with its twenty-two millions of inhabitants, you go when you
go to the great Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. You will add
glory to your Society and profit to yourselves by a study of the exhibits
there and will have something to prepare you not only for the Niagara
Falls Exhibition but for the Exposition at Paris — that place where,
we understand, good Americans go when they die. [Merriment.]

Would you do your share to prevent the development of sectional-
ism ? It is not a year since some of us feared a new division line, not
one between the North and South, but between the East and West.
That division must never come. ["No, never, " and applause.] This
very year shows special missions to keep us knit togetlier. The Chris-
tian Endeavorers, with their thousands of people, have gone even to
the Pacific coast, the National Educational Association to Milwaukee,
the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations to
Minneapolis, and I might enumerate the migrations westward of other
great national organizations which stand for peace and plenty. Let
that good work be kept up and it will pay you. Why, there are men in
Nebraska who look upon me as a New Englander with more curiosity
than they look upon the Roman-nosed Taylor who has just addressed
you. [Great merriment.] What they need to see is the Simon Pure
Yankee and the Dutchman from the Hudson and from Pennsylvania.

I believe it will pay this Society to follow the advice of its Presi-
dent in his address yesterday. He said you needed to do your work in
all parts of the country in order not only to carry a conviction of the
grandeur of it, but to secure a constituency that shall be genuinely
national. Go to the mid-land, go beyond Chicago at this opportune
moment, your treasury will gain immediately instead of losing : the
education you disseminate will bring the merchantman and the Horist
to you just as New York to-day is wise enough and western enough at
last to have an Association to bring merchants from the West to do
their trading in New York. They have come and distributed millions
there within the last week. It will pay you in dollars and cents to
come.

Upon the conclusion of the foregoing remarks, a general
discussion took place.

Mr. Benj. Hammond of Fishkill, IST. Y., said that, at Cleve-
land last year, he expressed the sentiment that if the Society would
grow to the fullness of its name, it must go somewhere beyond the
Eastern range of the Alleghenies. Everybody at that time seemed
to be inspired with the thought of broadening the wings of the So-
ciety and the indications were that they would vote by acclamation
to go to Nashville, where they had been invited. But the question
then came up as to whether the body could afford to go there
or could afford to go West. It was shown by the careful Secretary
of the Society that the oi-ganization was dependent for support

48 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

solely upon the anniial dues, and that there were not then enough
members in the South or in the far West to insure sufficient re-
turns to defray actual running expenses if the annual meeting was
held in either section. This consideration could not be disregarded
and it led to the selection of Providence.

If now, after hearing the Chancellor of the University of
Nebraska, the members could summon uj) courage enough to vote
to go to Nebraska, Mr. Hammond said, he thought it would be
the right thing to do. He continued: "I, for one, will say that if
by going to Omaha the revenue of the Society falls below the
revenue of the present year at Providence, I will pay $50 toward
making good the deficit, and, if necessary, $100. [Applause.]

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht of New Rochelle, N. Y., said he would
vote to go to Omaha. At first thought he had been inclined to
favor Detroit, because that city was right in the centre of what
seemed to have come to be the little circle within which the Con-
vention moved. He knew, moreover, that that invitation came
from the heart and from a substantial source, as he was pei-sonally
acquainted with Commissioner Balsley. Last year, when there
was talk about whether it would \>^j, financially or in the way of
membership, to go to Nashville, Mr. Siebrecht said he voted most
emphatically to go there. He did this not because it would be any
personal benefit or profit to himself — he acted upon such ques-
tions from purely unselfish motives — but because he believed the
* best interests of the Society dictated that it ought not to restrict
itself to narrow or sectional limits. He said that to accomplish
something that is grand and noble, sacrifices must be made and
that, whether these were of time, of comfort, or of pleasure, the
members should be willing to make them for the common cause.
He held that the Society of American Florists, as a national body?
should recognize all j^arts of the country, or else should amend its
title, draw the line at the Mississippi or the Missouri, and become
an Eastern Society. He continued :

I think we can get a few new members in the West, and I really
do believe we ought to go across the Mississippi and show ourselves to
the people out there, as other national organizations have done. If we
can summon the courage to go, I will be willing to follow the example
of Mr. Hammond and will pay $50, or will make it $100, to cover any
deficit which may result from holding the Convention there. We can
go to Detroit at some other time. Let us go to Omaha now, while we
are in good health.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49

Mr. J. L. Dillon of Bloomsburg, Pa., said that last year he
opposed going to Nashville, as the invitation did not come from the
florists. He was now heartily in favor of a meeting at Omaha, as
there were one or two hundred members of the craft there. He
thought it was the duty of the Society to go West, in order to
disseminate there a knowledge of the business.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude of AYashington, D. C, replying to what
had been said heretofore about a small number of florists south of
Mason and Dixon's line, reminded the Society that one of the finest
exhibitions ever held under its auspices was the one at Washington,
when the meeting was held thei'e.

Mr. John Reck of Bridgeport, Conn., favored Omaha. He
said the Society was xVraerican in name and should be such in fact ;
that the florist of to-day was not what he was twenty or twenty-
five years ; that florists generally had been industrious and
prosperous and their organization was entitled to rank among the
prominent trade organizations of the country. He spoke of the
vast extent and rapid development of the West, and suggested that
a trip to Omaha would afford many members an opportunity to see
and appreciate the greatness of their country. He believed that
some of them would not return home imtil they had visited the-.
National Park.

Mr. J. C. Vaughan of Chicago ; We have with us this year, art
old member, a florist who runs 150,000 feet of glass along the Missouri
River, near Kansas City, and I think that a word from him will give
us an idea of the feeling of the Western florists on the question and
will throw more light on it. I know the Convention is ready for a
vote but I would like to hear from Mr. Kellogg.

Mr. G. M. Kellogg of Pleasant Hill, Mo., in rejDly, said the
impression seemed to prevail among the florists of St. Louis, with
respect to the Society of American Florists, that, they were being
set aside and left out in the cold. He had stopped in that city on
his way to the Convention and had learned something of this feel-
ing. They regretted the fact that the annual meeting held in St.
Louis was a sort of a failure because of the World's Fair which
was then in progress in Chicago. They all wanted the Society to
come West again. He also said that he thought a meeting at
Omaha would tend to create good feeling all over the country.
He had not given the subject much thought when he came to the

50 PROCEEDINGS OP THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Convention, but the earnestness and eloquence of the gentlemen
from Omaha had converted him to their views. He said he now
felt like " whacking up " |50 to add to what had been promised, in
case there was any lack of money because of the Omaha trip.

At this point the discussion closed and calls were made for a
vote. Several delegates suggested that the Secretary be authorized
to cast a unanimous vote in favor of Omaha, but objection was
made.

Messrs. H. A. Siebrecht and J. M. Gasser, Avho were
appointed tellers, distributed throughout the Convention, blank slips
of paper, on which the members were requested to write the name
of the city which they preferred as the next meeting place.

While the balloting was in progress, the following announce-
ments were made :

President Graham: I am requested to announce that Mr. F.
W. Taylor, of Nebraska, is willing to put his name down, if necessary,
for twice the amount subscribed by the the other two gentlemen
toward paying the expenses of the Omaha meeting.

Mr. Benj. Hammond : Mr. President, I am authorized by Mr.
Ayls worth to state that he will pay this Society $300, for the privilege
of publishing the official programme, if we go to Omaha.

After some time the result of the balloting was announced by
Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, as follows: Omaha, 138; Detroit, 51; New
York, 1; Nashville, 1.

Announcement was made that Omaha had been selected.
[Applause.]

Mr. MacLean of Nebraska, again obtained the floor, and said:
Allow me to say once more tliat we not only wanted your votes — we
thank you for them — but we want your presence next year.

Secretary Stewart : I want to say a word, too. I heard some
of our Western friends promise us three or four hundred new members
in the State of Nebraska and its vicinity. We will hold them to their
word next summer and the Society will be richer, I am sure, if they
fulfill their promise. [Renewed applause.]

The Secretary here made sundry announcements, calling for
meetings of some of the Exhibition Judges to revise portions of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51

their reports on account of exhibits having been overlooked, etc. ;
also detailing: arrano^eraents for railroad return tickets and excur-
sions to the parks. He also communicated a message from
President McMahon, President of the Newport Gardeners', Florists'
and Associates' Club, (who was unavoidably absent) extending, on
behalf of the Club, a cordial invitation to all present to take part in
and enjoy the excursion to Newport on Friday morning.

NOMIXATION OF OFFICERS.

An informal ballot for the nomination of officers for the ensu-
ing year was the next business. Printed blanks containing the
names of the officers to be voted for were distributed for the use of
the delegates, the understanding being that the two gentlemen
receiving the highest number of votes for each office would be the
candidates to be A^oted for at the election on the following day.

Secretary Stewart said : The custom of the Society behig to
select its Vice-President from the locality in which the next Conven-
tion is to be held, it might enable the delegates to act more intelligently
as to that office if some of the Western members would place in
nomination a representative of Omaha or of that neighborhood.

Mr. H. a. Bukyard : I nominate Mr. A. Donaghue of Omaha,
for Vice-President. He is the leading florist there.

The balloting was proceeded with and, after some time, the result
was announced by the Secretary. The vote for President was as
follows :

Farquhar Macrae, 1; Wm. F. Dreer, 1; Wm. H. Elliott, 1; Adam
Graham, 1. John Westcott, 1; W. A. Manda, 2; John Burton, 3; H. A.
Siebrecht, 3, Wm. F. Gude, 7; John G. Esler, 13; Edmund M. Wood,
85 votes.

Edmund M. Wood and John G. Esler were announced as the
two leading candidates.

Mr. John G. Esler said: I am a pretty busy man and don't
think I ought to be called on to do more for the Society of American
Florists than I am doing at present. There are two good men in the
field — Mr. Wood and Mr. Gude. I therefore decline the nomination.

The Secretary made the following additional announcements
of the result of the balloting :

For Vice-President — A. Donaghue, 110; T. J. Gray, 1.
For Secretary — Wm. J. Stewart, 92; George King, 2; John G.
Esler, 2; A. M. Herr, 1.

52 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Mr. Esler declined the nomination.

The result of the ballot for Treasurer was : H. B. Beatty, 98 ,
John G. Esler, 3; M. I. O'Brien, 3; John N. May, 1; F. L.
Temple, 1.

Mr. Esler declined the nomination.

The next order of business was the Question Box.

President Graham announced that as the hour for the noon
adjournment had arrived, and as there were but few members now
present, the Question Box would not be taken up until a later
meeting.

Mr. J. M. Logan of White Plains, X. Y., asked whether it
would be in order for him to move a reconsideration of the vote by
which the Convention had selected Omaha as the next meeting
place.

President Graham replied that he preferred not to entertain
the motion, in view of the fact that many of the delegates had left
the hall, and that for a small number of the members to reverse the
previous action would be construed as taking advantage of their
absence.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the session here closed.

SECOND DAY. — EVENING.

A lecture on "Our Favorite Exotic Plants in their Own
Homes," with stereopticon illustrations, was delivered by Prof.
Geo. L. Goodale of the Botanic Garden of Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass.

Professor Goodale illustrated, with very beautiful stereopticon
photographs, the subject of tropical vegetation, describing with
much detail the palms, orchids, and other exotic plants, which are
the pride of our best greenhouses. The lecture was given without
any technical language, and passed in brief review the characters of
the genera and species, which have become general favorites under

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53

cultivation. He showed that the term exotic is only relative : that
our common wild plants would be exotics if grown under other
skies, and further, that a good many of our wild flowers are quite
as well worth cultivating and improving as some which have
become established here. The fashions in plants, by which certain
species are for a while great favorites and then give way to others,
were shown by the lecturer to be based on other factors than the
whims of capricious people. The gigantic bamboos and climbers
of Ceylon, and the enormous ferns of Australia, were exhibited by
means of magnificent photographs on the large screen. Perhaps
the phase of plant life presented by the kinship between the plants
of the North and of the equatorial zone, touched ujDon by Professor
Goodale, gave as many surprises to his audience as any part of his
giaphic demonstration. Professor Goodale took occasion to speak
in high terms of the great influence exerted by the Society of
American Florists on the cultivation of plants in this country, and
he alluded also to the excellent influence of Garden and Forest
and similar periodicals, in elevating the taste of the community.

On motion of Mr. Johx IST. May, the hearty thanks of the
Society of American Florists were tendered to Prof. Goodale, for
his entertaining and instructive lecture.

THIRD DAY. — MORNING.

Thursday, August 19, 1897.

The morning session opened at 10.40 o'clock; President Gra-
ham in the Chair.

NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE.

The first business was the presentation of the report of the
Nomenclature Committee, which, in the absence of the chairman,
(Prof. Trelease) was read by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows :

To the Society of American Florists — Your Nomenclature Com-
mittee respectfully report as follows :

Notices, calling for information calculated to aid the Committee in
the performance of the duties assigned to it by the Society, were placed
in the principal trade and horticultural papers of the country some
months since, and a personal letter was addressed -by the Chairman of

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

the Committee to each of its members. As a result of these requests,
several communications which are appended, were received and their
substance is embodied in this report. The Committee congratulates
the Society that no serious matters have come to its notice — a fact no
doubt in large part due to the consistent efforts of the Society to
discourage the double naming of plants handled by the trade, and to
secure that fairness in the profession which is universally recognized as
of fundamental importance.

Under date of January 4, 1896, Messrs. Pitcher & Manda wrote
one of the members of this Committee, stating that the Chrysanthe-
mum, Mrs. F. Gordon Dexter, sent out in the Spring of 1894, is also
handled under the name Rider Haggard, bestowed by another person,
to whom they state it was sold from their English house. The same
firm also claim that Chrysanthemum, W. C. Cook, is identical with
what has been called Charles A. Jessup; Mrs. George H. Morgan, with
Marjorie Hoffman; Adele Merz, with Stanley Baxter; Robert M. Grey
with Hairy Wonder; and Partridge, with Belinda; in all cases the first
name as here stated being claimed by Pitcher & Manda, on the ground
that the varieties in question were seedlings of their raising, the second
name, in each instance, having been given by a person to whom the
the plants had been sold. According to the tests made by Elmer D.
Smith, Theo. Bock and Theo. F. Beckert, Chrysanthemum, Miss Perrin
cannot be distinguished from Mme. Felix Pei-rin. 'No other cases of
difficulty with Chryanthemums has been reported to the Committee.

In the early part of the present year, an order for Ilex aquifolium
variegatum, which was advertised by an Eastern firm, was filled by a
consignment of the variegated Osmanthus. An inquiry elicited the
frank statement that the plants in question were imported from Japan,
under the name of Olea aquifolium variegata, a supposed slip, for
which the substitution of "Ilex" was not unpardonable, considering
the very close superficial similarity of the plants. Your Committee
are entirely satisfied that the error was made without any thought of
wrong.

A correspondent calls attention to the fact that under the rule
adopting the Index Kewensis as the standard for Latinized nomencla-
ture of decorative plants, the palm often known as Phojnicophorium
Seychellarum should be called Stevensonia grandifolia.

The attention of the Committee has been called to the fact that a
certain variety of pelargonium with colored flowers is on the market
under the name of The Bride, a name which is objected to on the
ground that the name of bride is usually associated with pure white
flowers. Your Committee are of the opinion that in this case there is
no good reason for ch.anging the name under which the variety is now
being sold; but the case is an instructive one, since it calls attention,
in an unusually direct way, to the desirability of giving appropriate
names, whenever the duty of naming new varieties arises.

Our attention has further been called to some confusion that
exists in the naming of what are commonly called crotons, though no

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55

instances capable of being investigated have been cited. Your Com-
mittee, recognizing the importance of uniform naming in a group
which is attaining the popularity of the crotons, recommend that, in
appointing the Nomenclature Committee for the next year, the Presi-
dent of the Society endeavor to include in its membership at least two
extensive growers of crotons, requesting them to prepare for the
Committee as full a report as possible on these plants, so far as their
nomenclature is concerned.

Very respectfully submitted,

Wm. Trelease, Chairman.

Edwin Lonsdale.

E. G. Hill.

Ered Dorner.

Wm. E. Smith.

Elijah A. Wood.

EoBT. Craig.

Albert M. Herr.

RoBT. George.

On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, the report was accepted
and placed on tile.

TRADE EXHIBITS.

Several reports from the Exhibition Judges, including the sup-
plemental report from the Committee on Plants, and an addition to
their report by the Committee on Miscellaneous Exhibits, were re-
ceived, read, and on motion, adopted.

BEDDING PLANTS.

A paper on " Bedding Plants " was here read by its author,
Mr. J. J. Butler of Newport, R. I. The paper was as follows:

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists —
The subject allotted to me, " A Year's Progress in Bedding
Plants," could have been placed in the hands of one who could handle
the same to better advantage. I am honored by the Newport Club in
being selected to say something about this sub'ject, which I shall
endeavor to do in a brief manner, merely remarking upon one partic-
ular feature that has come under my personal observation. Plants
that are extensively used in Newport this year are the Fibrous-Rooted
Begonias. Those varieties of plants have created quite an innovation
in progress in bedding plants, the principal varieties being the white,
pink, red, and dwarf, of the " Yernon " type, and the white and pink
of the " Erfordii " type. When massed in beds and planted in borders
— and arranged with good taste — the effect is most beautiful and
striking. I will particularly refer to one gentleman's estate in New-

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

port, wherein is a sunken garden; the beds are skillfully laid out and
contain some eleven thousand of the above indicated varieties of
begonia. I am informed that the owner of the estate has kindly
granted, to the Society of American Florists, the privilege of inspect-
ing the grounds, aud I strongly recommend all interested in this
subject to avail themselves of the privilege accorded them.

Inasmuch as the florists visiting Newport will have an opportunity
of observing for themselves the purport of this paper, I shall not
further trespass on your valuable time, but hope to have the pleasure
of hearing others, better qualified than I, speaking and expanding on
this subject.

The President invited discussion and called on Mr. May.

Mr. John N. May responded : He said he was present to
learn, not to teach, and that be wanted to hear the subject dis-
cussed. He thought there was too much bashfulness, and he
reminded the delegates that the meat in a paper was to be had by
picking it out as one would pick the meat from a bone, because
discussion would start and bring out thoughts that otherwise would
not be uttered. He continued :

In bedding plants there is an evolution going on all the time. I
quite agree with the essayist's ideas with regard to begonias. The bed
of begonias at Newport, to which he has referred, you will all, I think,
be pleased to see to-morrow, as we have been invited as a body to
inspect them. I think it will be an instructive lesson, and indeed I
have always found, in my visits to that beautiful city by the sea,
something that was interesting and instructive.

But begonias are not the only attractive feature in bedding to-day.
The magnificent collection of cannas, now offered to the public, is a
wonderful feature in bedding. You will have the pleasure of inspect-
ing many varieties of cannas at their home at Newport, especially the
one called " Robert Christie." I had hoped that the originator of that
variety would be here this morning to read the paper he has prepared
for us.

The varieties of bedding plants that can be used are almost
innumerable. The thing to consider is proper taste in using and
developing them to the best advantage. In Philadelphia, they are
using an entirely different class of plants from those which I have
observed in use here, although I have not seen much of Providence
yet. I refer to the crotons. My friend, Mr. Robert Craig, has a
display which probably many of you have seen. As grown around
Philadelphia, they are certainly wonderfully attractive plants. I
think that those of you who live in favorable localities will do well to
try them. Then, again, there are hundreds of other things, which Mr.
Butler's paper has not touched upon, that you could blend in the
bedding line.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57

Mr. a. Herrington of Madison, IST. J., was then invited to the
platform and, upon appearing there, responded as follows: Mr. May
has stated that there is room for discussion on this subject and I
heartily agree with him because, in looking around our homes at the
kind of decorative gardening that we see, I am sure that all who know
anything about the wealth of beauty and the variety of things adapted
to growth in this glorious climate, must feel, I might almost say,
ashamed of their profession when they see such a meagre use being
made .of the abundant materials that we have at hand. We look
around and see a stereotyped kind of bedding, a few coleuses, a few
geraniums and alternantheras, and other colored foliage plants which
do not appeal to the eye nor gratify the senses as other displays would.
Whoever has a garden should have flowers that appeal to all our
senses, not only to the sense of sight but to the sense of smell as well.
There are many of these flowers to be had and very considerable prog-
ress has been made in the latter day strains.

The essayist who opened this subject, mentioned only one thing,
and that was begonias. These little begonias will come to the front,
and deservedly. Mr. May mentioned cannas. The cannas are a
precious heritage of beauty, but we have only touched the fringe of
the beautiful garment that we can throw around our gardens and our
homes. Above and beyond all this there is a glorious range of material
that we can utilize.

So far as concerns the class of material that has been mentioned, it
is a class that requires winter storage in our greenhouses. Many peo-
ple who have beautiful suburban homes have no greenhouses at all, and
I want to say right here that you can start out in the Spring and make
a most glorious garden without the aid of a greenhouse at all, if you
will only take up the finer families of annual flowers as to which the
most marked progress has been made of late years. You may get from
yourseedman in the city, what you need in some of the popular strains
and in the course of two or three months you may have a magnificent
garden. I would mention for instance a zinnia garden. I planted a
large garden this Spring — it was the first season of it — and the most
successful things in the garden were two very large beds of zinnias.
These proved so satisfactory that I resolved that no garden should be
without them if I had any voice in the planting or management of it.

Another family, with which I have experimented largely, is
balsams. Another, with which florists on the other side of the water
have done a great deal, is petunias. Another family, portulacca, is
one that loves, and must ha<ve, sunshine. But the time at my com-
mand is altogether too short for me to attempt to do justice to this
subject. I desired simply to suggest that there is an aspect of the
question that should be taken up and worked out, and that is, as to
the possibilities of gardening by just going into the seed store, in the
Spring of the year, getting a few packages of seed and sowing these in
frames; or you need not have frames at all, because the facilities for
growing and the climatic conditions are so much in your favor. You

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

may throw your seed into the beds, and within six weeks you will
have a garden that will give you an abundant wealth of blossom.

THE ROSE.

A paper on " A Year's Progress in Roses," prepared by Mr.
M. H. Walsh of Wood's HoU, Mass., was here read (in the
absence of its author) by Mr. Robert Craig of Philadelphia. It
was received with applause.

The paper was as follows :

Mr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists, Ladies
and Gentlemen: — I thank you for the honor conferred by inviting me
to address you on the subject of " A Year's Progress in Koses. "

Since the last essay on the rose, by Mr. Isaac Kennedy of Philadel-
phia, which was read at Pittsburg, Pa., new and valuable additions
have been made to the Eose family, both for indoor forcing and hardy
garden varieties. In the Hybrid Teas we are getting a new class or
race of practically ever-blooming roses, a great boon to all lovers of the
Queen of Flowers. In 1895, a new variety of the hardy Hybrid Tea was
disseminated by Messrs. Pernet-Doucher of Prance, named the Souve-
nir du President Carnot. It is a seedling from Lady Mary Fitzwilliam
and that is all we know about it so far as parentage is concerned.
Last Fall it was exhibited at several exhibitions and received many
certificates of merit, silver medals, etc. It created a great sensation
when sent out as being a grand forcing rose, a good grower and superb
flower. It produces a long bud, large and full, color rosy flesh, shaded
white at edges of petals. It certainly is a valuable addition to our
hardy ever-blooming varieties, and on further trial may prove an
excellent variety for forcing, although some are in doubt.

We have also Maman Cochet, one of the best and hardiest in its
class. Color, carmine, mingled with salmon-yellow, large and full,
superb. Another valuable variety is Madame Abele Chatnay, sent out
by Pernet-Doucher, which blooms constantly; bud fine, opening spir-
ally; flowers, full; color, carmine rose shaded with salmon.

In addition to the above named varieties, we have Caroline Tes-
tout, which has practically displaced La France. Kaiserin Augusta
Yictoria, an excellent variety for forcing, or as a garden rose; a
beautiful primrose color; raised by Peter Lambert of Germany.

Now, Mr. President, I come to the most pleasant part of this
subject, " A Year's Progress in Roses."

Real Progress! By that, I mean new and improved varieties of
American origin, of which Mr. John Cook of Baltimore, Md., has
added one to the above list, Mrs. Robert Garrett, which has received
flattering notice in Baltimore notes in the American Florist. It is a
most lovely flower, soft pink color, flowers large, foliage fine. It is

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59

said to be a grand forcing rose, and bids fair to lead all the pink
varieties. From its parentage, it should be an acquisition to the
hardy teas. Mr. Cook is the originator of Souvenir de Wooton, Marion
Dingee and other good roses.

I quote from Baltimore letter in American Florist^ j^age 803,
issue of March 27, 1897 :

"The exhibit of Mr. John Cook was a departure from the rest, as it
was a vase of roses, but such roses! Tliey towered above the carna-
tions on strong stems clothed with heavy foliage, and were as large as
American Beauties, but of a beautiful clear pink, almost light enough
to be called a shell pink. The name is Mrs. Robert Garrett, and it
will get a first-class certificate, the chairman of the Committee saying
that it is conceded to be the finest rose ever raised in this country. It
is a cross between Sombrieul and Mme. C. Testout, and forms a valu-
able addition to the class of large roses, which is represented almost
entirely by American Beauty and which will probably supplant the
small flowered ones, as has happened in the chrysanthemum and is
happening in the carnation. "

There is also a new white Hybrid Tea, Lillian Xordica, a seedling
from that grand rose Margaret Dickson by Madame Iloste. In color
it is pure white, long bud, large flower of good substance on long
stiff stem, forces well, has dark, rich foliage and is very fragrant.
At the Boston rose show, last June, it received the Society's Silver
Medal, and in June, 1896, a first-class certificate of merit. It is con-
sidered a valuable addition to the hardy ever blooming varieties of
American origin.

The above named varieties I consider improvements on existing
varieties, and in the line of progression, but we must not be content
to rest here, we must strive to add to the above list. The improve-
ments to be effected in the above list are: to obtain new reds, maroons
and creams, possessing vigor, freedom of blood and hardiness. Then
this race of roses will be universally admired as garden roses, growing
in ordinary soils. Wc have a large and unlimited field in which to
experiment and improve. The art of hybridization is simple: so easy
and responsive, we should all make an effort to improve and continue
in the good work, for there is no limit to the improvements in the
several classes or families of roses.

In the Hybrid Perpetual class, a new rose has been sent out last
Spring by Peter Henderson & Co. It is named the Jubilee. It was
awarded the Massachusetts Horticultural Society's Gold Medal in
1895, the highest award in the gift of the Society, and, I am informed,
the first gold medal ever awarded a rose of American origin in this
country. It was awarded a first-class certificate in 1893. It is from
Prince Camille de Rohan by Louis van Houtte; it is one of the most
vigorous growers, on its own roots. It had been exhibited three years
in succession at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, when the

60 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

committee decided to inspect it growing in the ground, which they
did. Tlie following is a copy of their award:

Dear Sir — Since the visit of the Committee on Flowers of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society to Wood's Holl, and inspection
of your seedling rose, Jubilee, they have discussed the merits of the
variety, and are unanimous in pronouncing it the finest American
raised rose that is known to them, and the equal of any European rose
of its class. Its magnificent color, united with a beautiful form, large
size, grand foliage, and vigorous liabit, they believe makes it of great
value and worthy of the highest award given by the Society. We,
therefore, award you the Society's Gold Medal.

(Signed) A. H. Fewkes, Chairman.

Mr. F. Schuyler Matthews, the artist, and leading expert on colors
in this country, says: "I have never seen a rose of such intense and
dark color. The rose contains the darkest color, combined with pure
color, of which nature is capable.

In Hybrid Perpetual roses, Mrs. K. G. Sharman Crawford is the
best of all the light-colored varieties. Clio is a grand flower. Helen
Keller, also. Mavourneen, one of Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons' pro-
ductions of 189.5, is valuable as a climber or a cut-back. Color is a
delicate silvery llesh white, shaded rose at base of petals, which are of
excellent shape and substance. Marchioness of Devonshire is a grand
rose, of a beautiful satin pink color. There is also in commerce in
this country, a Hybrid Tea, Clara Watson, raised by Mr. Prince in
England in 1894, described as a salmon-tinted pink, and a good rose.
Of the Hybrid Polyanthas, Marie Faive, is by far the best of all,
blooming freely through the season, and is valuable for florists' work,
producing good clusters of good-sized pure white flowers. I am pleased
to note improvements by hybridizing in the Wichuraiana class. The
credit is due to Mr. Manda, who has raised some valuable additions to
this class.

It is gratifying to note progress in the past year, and if we should
continue to progress in the future, we must interest ourselves in the
raising of roses suitable for our climate, in the garden, as well as vari-
eties for the florist, in the rose house. It is sometimes said our life is
too short to wait to raise roses, but it proves long enough to wait to
see others raise them. The florists, nurserymen, and all interested in
the sale or growing of roses, should take a deeper interest in the rose;
it is for their benefit to do so. By entering into the matter with a
proper spirit, we could produce our own roses to supply the demand
here, and not depend on other countries to supply us.

In conclusion, I hope favorable action may be taken by the Eose
Society, to create and stimulate a greater interest in the cultivation of
the Rose by the masses of the people of this great country.

The President called attention to the interesting and instruc-
tive character of the paper and invited discussion.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61

Mr. Egbert Craig : I would like just to add to the list named by
the writer of the essay one or two other roses that I have myself no-
ticed to have exceptional merit. One of these is Mosella, a rose of the
type of Soupert. It is better than Soupert in some respects, particu-
larly in its freedom of opening the flowers. I have never noticed a
congested or knotted bud, as is sometimes the case in that very useful
variety, Soupert. Mosella, with us, bloomed in an extraordinarily free
manner all last Winter and now, in the open air, this Summer, is an
exceedingly free bloomer. It is pretty enough to use in'auy sort of
funeral work and its abundant bloom will, I think, make it a profitable
rose for florists to grow.

Another rose mentioned in the paper by Mr, Walsh as a promising
rose is Clara Watson. I have noticed that rose growing here. I
believe it has a future as a forcing rose. I believe it would pay any
florist to get a few of that rose aud try it. I think it has great merit.

Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., inquired whether
Mosella was as hardy as the Soupert.

Mr. Craig. It is. I forgot to mention that Mosella is entirely
hardy. Mr. Scott, of our city, who sells a great many roses, left a
short row of them out last Winter; and although the temperature fell
to several degrees below zero, the rose was not injured in the least. It
is quite hardy.

Mr. a. Herrington remarked that, while the members seemed
to be bashful about discussing the subject, they would be unani-
mous in expressing their appreciation of the paper they had heard.
He therefore moved a hearty vote of thanks to the essayist, Mr.
Walsh, for his very able production.

The motion was carried with applause.

President Graham announced that, among other papers pro-
vided for on the programme was one on Decorative and Greenhouse
Plants, by Mr. Robert Christie of Newport, R. I., who had been
designated to open the discussion. As that gentleman was not
now present and the paper had not been received, it seemed
necessary to postpone consideration of the subject.

Secretary Stewart explained, on behalf of Mr. Christie,
that he knew that that gentleman did not intend to disappoint the
audience but Avas so busily occupied with the preparations now
being made for the entertainment of the Society, at Newport, on
Friday, that he had not forwarded a copy of his paper. His
absence was due to the fact that he was engaged, heart and soul, in
the Newport affair, and he would doubtless give a good account of
himself on Friday, as to his inability to be present at this time.

62 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Mr. Alex. MacLellan of Xewport, R. I., also explained that
Mr. Christie's health had been somewhat impaired from overwork
and that, having been unable to prepare a paper, he had intended to
respond by sa^ying from the platform what he had to say on the
subject. There had been no intention on that gentleman's part to
overlook his promise to the Society.

President Graham said the explanation appeared to be
entirely satisfactory, but that the Convention would still hope to
have the pleasure of hearing from Mr. Christie, on the subject
assigned him, before the final adjournment.

The Secretary here read a supplemental report from the
Committee on Greenhouse Appliances, in relation to exhibits of
boilers which had been overlooked. (Messrs. John Westcott and
PI. A. Siebrecht had previoiisly been appointed on the committee
to act with Mr. Hart, in the absence of the other two memberie.)

On motion, the report was accepted.

t

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

The next business being the election of officers for the ensu-
ing year, the names of the two gentlemen who had received the
greatest number of votes for each office, in the nominations on the
jjrevious day, were announced. The balloting was proceeded with.

The tellers in the election for President and Secretary were
the following: Messrs. P. O'Mara, Robert George, L. H. Fostr'r
and Benjamin Hammond. The tellers in the election for Vice-
President were Messrs. J. L. Dillon, E. H. Cushman, H. A. Bun-
yard and J. M. Gasser.

Before the ballot for Treasurer was taken, Mr. M. I. O'Brien
(Mr. Beatty's opponent) thanked his friends for their partiality and
declined the nomination. He then moved that the Secretary be
requested to cast the ballot of the Societ}^ for Mr. Beatty for
Treasurer.

The motion was adopted b}^ a unanimous vote and the ballot
was cast accordingly.

The President finally announced the result of the balloting
as follows :

For President, Mr. Edmund M. Wood received 85 and Mr. Wm. F.
Gude, 126 votes.

(Note. It will be foand elsewhere in the report of tlie Committee.)

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63

For Yice-President, Mr. Thomas J. Grey received 27 and Mr. A.
Donaghue, 180 votes.

For Secretary, Mr. A. M. Herr received 6, Mr. George T. King, 20,
and Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, 189 votes.

For Treasurer, Mr. H. B. Beatty received a unanimous vote.

The announcements were received with enthusiastic cheers.

On motion of Mr. Edmund M. Wood, tlie election of his
opponent, Mr. Wm. F. Gude as President was made unanimous.

On motion of Mr. Thomas J. Grey, the election of his oppo-
nent, Mr. A. Donaghue, was made unanimous.

On motion of Mr. Geo. T. King, the election of his opponent,
Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, was made unanimous.

Mr Wm. F. Gude, the President-elect, responding to a general
call, came forward on the platform and was received with much
applause. He said :

3fr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists, Ladies
and Gentlemen — This is, beyond any question, the greatest honor I
have ever received in my life, also the greatest surprise. I am really
too full for utterance and hardly know how to express myself but can
assure you, one and all, that this was no work of mine. I wish to
heartily thank my friends who so honorably and gloriously worked for
me and saw fit to elect me to this honorable position.

I well remember, a few years ago, when Mr. Wm. R. Smith, of
Washington, was elected President of the Society of American Flor-
ists, he stated to the Society that he felt he could not have received
any greater honor if he had been elected President of the United
States; and I can now reiterate the statement he then made as
expressing my own sentiment, and as fitting my own case exactly.

I thank yoli, one and all, most heartily, and trust that the members
of the Society of American Florists will give me the same support they
have given my predecessors. I assure you that I will leave nothing
undone to keep the Society of American Florists moving onward in the
line of progression. [Applause.]

THE QUESTION BOX,

The Question Box was here taken up. The first question was
" Where shall our future supply of bulbs come from. "

Secretary Stewart said: Mr. C. H. Allen of Floral Park, ]Sr. Y.,
prepared a response to this very important question, and he was here
yesterday to present it, but the long debate on the location of the next
Convention crowded matters out and it was so late when we got ready
to hear Mr. Allen that the hall was nearly empty. He left his reply
here with the request that it be read, and with your indulgence I will
read it now.

64 proceedi:n^gs of thirteenth convention,

Mr. Allen's paper was as follows :

Where shall our future supply of bulbs come from ? This is a very-
easy question to ask, a very easy one to answer off-hand, but to give
you the necessary data and reasons for the conclusions at which I have
arrived is somewhat difficult in time allotted for this purpose. I judge
that this question refers principally to Dutch, French, Bermuda and
other foreign grown bulbs, and to such we will confine our attention.

Our Holland friends tell us what is known as the Dutch hyacinth
cannot be grown here, as we have not the soil or climate. If there is a
file of the reports of the New York Horticultural Society in existence,
I believe you will find therein a report of a display of cut bloom of
hyacinths made by the late Isaac Buchanan. These flowers were
raised from bulbs which Mr. Buchanan grew on his place at Astoria,
L. I. He bought some bulbs in the Fall, cut them as the Dutch do for
multiplying, grew the stock on until they had made large bulbs, then
forced them into bloom and took the first prize over a number of ex-
hibits grown from imported stock. If they will not grow here why will
they continue to thrive in private gardens where they are left for a
long time ? I know of one bed that was left undisturbed for over ten
years and I have never seen finer spikes of bloom outside than were
produced there. This was in a heavy soil, and the claim is made that
the hyacinth requires a light soil to make the best stock. I have seen
as fine tulips grown here as come from Holland ; the bulbs were clean
and of perfect shape and produced as good flowers the following season
as newly imported stock. The narcissus does even better here than the
tulip, multiplies very rapidly and is in every way equal to the foreign
stock. There are several sections of this country that can produce the
freesia in unlimited quantities, and of the best quality.

Now, as to the Koman hyacinth, both white and colored. Mrs.
Sayers, wife of the Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations at
Washington, told Mr. Wm. E. Smith not to send her any more Romans
as they had become a weed in her garden, which is in Texas ; and still
we are told ive cannot grow Ro^nans. Several years ago twenty thousand
blue Romans were received in New York in a damaged condition, hav-
ing been delayed on the steamer. When the cases were opened the
bulbs were found to have started and unfit for sale. They were shipped
to Southern Pines, a high elevation known as the Thorraal belt in No.
Carolina and planted ; the following season those bulbs were sold for
forcing purposes and they did so well that the parties who grew them
asked the next year for bulbs from the same source, without knowing
they had been grown one year in this country. It has been proven that
lily of the valley can be grown in this country profitably, for several
of our large forcers had gone into it on a large scale for their own use,
they having imported small pips to grow on. This importation would
be unnecessary after a few years as the stock will increase sufliciently
for planting.

Why have we not grown these bulbs ? Simply because we have be-
lieved the foreigner when he has told us that we had neither the soil or

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65

climate suitable for the purpose, merely a case of bluff, for they know
full well that we have any soil or any climate or any combination of soil
and climate for the growing of any bulb that the florist of this country
needs for his business. It is partly due to the fact that when many
horticulturists come to this country they bring pre-conceived ideas
with them. There are thousands of acres [of land here suitable for
growing hyacinths ; No. Carolina has in her uplands the identical soil
of Holland and a superior climate. The narcissus and tulip can be
grown in nearly every State.

Some time ago the question was brought up before the New York
Florists' Club, " Can the Lilium Harrisii be grown at a profit in this
country ? " The same question has recently been brought out in one of
our trade papers. I judge from the answers of those replying that
they believe they can be, but where ? That is the question for some
plucky fellow to find out. My friend, Mr. Wm. E. Smith, informs me
that Secretary Wilson has had this subject brought to his attention
and that he has taken great interest in the matter and will push it.
As the Secretary is a full-fledged agriculturist you can rest assured
that if he can put several hundred thousand dollars into the hands
of the landworkers of this country he is going to do it for that is the
platform on Avhich he stands.

It is claimed that Harrisii culture has been tried in California but
without success. By whom was it tried ? Was it one who thoroughly
understood the nature of this lily, differing as it does from all others,
or was it simply given to people who thought they were perfectly
capable to handle any bulb given them? Was the trial made in only
one section of the State, or was it made, as it should have been, in
different parts and under different conditions of soil and climate?
Is it not a fact that two or more growers receiving bulbs from the
same case for forcing obtain vastly different results ? I know of one
instance where a case of bulbs was divided between two men; the crop
with one was of the best, while the plants of the other were all dis-
eased and worthless. Thus it may be in case of trials ; one man thor-
oughly understanding the requirements of the Harrisii will produce
excellent results, his neighbor will make a failure of it.

It is also claimed that foreign cheap labor is a prime factor
against our growing bulbs. A Frenchman told us twenty-five years
ago that we could not compete with them in the gladiolus growing,
their labor was so much less than ours. How many gladioli are ini
ported to-day ? It would surprise many of you if you knew how many
are being exported annually. It is not so much that their labor is
cheaper as the fact that they plant their crops much closer and thus
obtain double the amount from a given space. Many florists who have
tried growing a few of these bulbs have given it up in disgust. Why ?
They had not the facilities for handling the stock. The man who
grows an acre of any bulb can do it much cheaper, proportionately,
than one who grows but one short row, for in handling crops in large
blocks the work becomes systematized. The market gardener who

66 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

works but few acres often produces more than the ordinary farmer
does from a hundred, because he manures heavily and obtains two and,
in some cases, four crops, and this can be done in some lines of bulb
culture. I know of one case where a farmer began in a small way at
trucking and to-day he employs forty men on seventy acres, obtaining
two crops every season while his neighbors are going along in the same
old rut, with a few exceptions.

I thoroughly believe that if the matter of bulb growing in this
country is handled as it should be, by those who fully understand the
nature of bulbs, it will only be a few years when the foreign bulb-
growers will receive their letters of recall from this land ; but you
must remember that they will not give up the business without a
struggle, they will do everything in their power to hinder the establish-
ing of this, as they have every other industry, knowing only too well
that if an American undertakes the producing of any article in which
there is a show of profit, he is bound to succeed.

Some say that at the present prices it would not pay to grow stock
that we import. I will ask you to use a little time to figure out what
you can get from an acre of lily of the valley, planting the pips one
inch apart in rows ten inches apart ; freesias the same, and the other
stock having more space according to their size. I believe that you
will find the amount far beyond your present ideas.

The President invited discussion.

Mr John Reck of Bridgeport, Conn., responded. He said :

Is it possible or not to raise bulbs here in competition with the
Dutch growers in Holland ? It may be easier to determine the ques-
tion if we consider that the average price paid to the small growers by
the exporters of such bulbs is $1.00 per bushel. Can we grow them at
first cost at that price ? The price of labor for a good workman who
prepares the ground, cares for and harvests the crop is about from
thirty-five to thirty-eight cents a day. Men, women and children wear
wooden shoes and families of eight or ten huddle themselves together
in two rooms. It is plain to my mind that it will prove a hard task to
pit our labor against that of the men in the wooden shoes. There was,
last year, a great glut of tulips in Holland and there will be this year,
although more hyacinths and less tulips have been planted. A perma-
nent protection by a higher duty on bulbs would be the best stimulant
when making experiments in growing them here.

In respect to narcissuses one may as well buy them first as last
from the French, for with few exceptions all Holland Von Sions come
from France. My advice is to be careful and buy no more than you
feel reasonably certain you can handle at a profit, for the grower be-
comes, in most cases, a victim of the shrewd Dutchman and the wide
awake importer. Bulbs, such as hyacinths, narcissuses and tulips,
when properly cared for, can even be forced for a second bloom, in the
succeeding year, with good success. Lily of the valley pips require

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67

more than one to eight inches of space if they are to be grown three
years old.

Mr. F. "W. Kane : I regard the paper of Mr. Allen as having
been very well considered. There is one point in it which 1 wish to
emphasize and that is in respect to concentration upon smaller areas,
confining ourselves to these and handling them well rather than
spreading out and attempting too much. By concentration we get bet-
ter results. It strikes me that this is one of the most important points
in our line of horticulture. I believe we ought to know more about
the matter of bulb culture than we do at the present time and that we
can well afford to study more carefully as to what we can grow in a
smaller area.

In regard to fertilizers I may say we have found them very valua-
ble but, in using them, unless you pay a great deal of attention to
cultivation, it is almost impossible to get your money back.

Mr. H. B. Beatty : Mr. Allen's paper is certainly a very good
American paper. I move, Mr. President, that the Society extend to
Mr. Allen an American vote of thanks for it. [Applause.]

The motion was carried unanimously.

The next question was "What is the best and most profitable
plan for constructing a commercial bulb storage house. "

The President : This is a very important question, so impor-
tant indeed, that no member has as yet accepted the responsibility of
preparing a paper upon it, but we will be glad to hear an expression
of views on the question by the members generally. The Chair
suggests that Mr. Scott, of Buffalo, who has had a good deal of expe-
rience in this line and in taking care of stock in the winter, may be
able to throw some light on the subject.

Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, N. Y., responded as follows :

I cannot by any means be considered a very large grower of bulbs.
I am forcing possibly 50,000 or 60,000 tulips and hyacinths in a year.
Living, as I do, in a Xorthern climate, that of Buffalo, where it is lia-
ble to freeze as hard almost as anywhere, I have never found a better
storage house than out-of-doors. Dutch hyacinths, I consider, should
be in a cold frame, and I like them to be covered 'with glass and on a
dry bottom so that they may not get soaked with the rain. Tulips I
have tried in a cellar, but I have never found them as successful as
those I have boxed, put on the surface of the ground in boxes. We
cover them with two inches of earth, after thorough watering, and
leave them in that position until severe weather is due. We then
cover them with five or six inches of litter or manure from the stable,
or some such material, or leaves; and with the help of the snow we do
not find any difficulty in getting them in. I have found that the
quality of the flowers that are forced is so much superior to those
that have been in a roof house or a cellar, that it pays to adopt

68 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

the plan, even if it is a little labor to get in the boxes. Sometimes,
however, the manure in the soil that covers the bulbs is frozen,
but the manure you can always get off; and if you have to take into
your greenhouse for twenty-four hours the two or three inches of soil
that covers them, until it is melted, it even pays then.

My idea of a root house or bulb house would be a common frame
building, and I thought once of constructing one. I would have the
sides so that they would be perfectly open and would have the air
coming in until the very last moment when hard winter set in. That
would be my idea of a bulb house. But you will find that the rain we
get, the natural element outside, is so beneficial to the bulbs that they
are gaining strength all the time. It is a natural condition for them
to be frozen. Where do you put a tulip bulb ? If you plant it in No-
vember to look beautiful in the flower garden in May, where is it ?
Why, out in the flower garden to be frozen hard, and that is where
your forcing bulbs should be. So that, to answer this question, so far
as my opinion is concerned, I say I would build no root house at all,
but would have half an acre of good open ground. [Applause.]

The President announced, as the next question for present
consideration the following : " Is it desirable to dethorn our poj^ular
roses, and if so, can it be done ? "

Mr. George T. King, to whom the question had been as-
signed, read a written response. It was as follows :

"Is it desirable to dethorn our popular roses, and if so, can it be
done ? " Perhaps I had better state the question a little differently so
that it may be fully understood. Will roses without thorny stems
become more popular than in their present thorny condition, and can
they be made so ?

The old question, "What is a rose without a thorn? " seems to me
to indicate the combination of a lovely object, with an ugly and objec-
tionable appendage, which, like any necessary nuisance, is tolerated,
and to a certain extent, made welcome, because of its customary
attachment to the stem that supports the " Queen of Flowers."

I don't propose to discuss the question of necessity of thorns to the
plant that bears the rose, further than to express an opinion that the
armature of the rose seems to have been intended for its protection,
while in a wild state, from the ravages of herbiverous animals, which
necessity does not exist when the plant is under cultivation, and as I
know of at least two members of the rose family that are thornless, or
practically so, viz., the tea rose. General de Tartas, and the hybrid
perpetual, Ulrich B gunner, and being unable to notice any adverse
condition in their growth or habit in consequence of the absence of
thorns, the thought has occurred that if this condition can be extended
to such desirable roses as The Bride, Bridesmaid, American Beauty,
General Jacqueminot, Crimson Rambler, and other popular varieties,
it will be valuable to the rose grower, and the bouquet maker, and be

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69

highly appreciated by the delicate wearer of the corsage bouquet, and
also the owner of the " natty " boutonniere, thus contributing to the
millennial condition when loss of temper and use of explosive language
will be largely reduced, and the shedding of innocent blood is no longer
consequent upon attempts to be familiar with our " queen."

In view of these points, I incline to the opinion that roses without
thorns will be welcome, and the horticulturist who can produce a pop-
ular variety with thornless stems, will earn the thanks of many, and
perhaps add much to his financial prosperity.

The question, therefore, lies in the possibility of its accomplish-
ment, and I base my inference that it is not only possible but by no
means difficult, upon the fact that I have already obtained a similar
result with a member of the citrus family, which although very unlike
the rose in general character, has conditions that are a fair compar-
ison.

My experience in orange growing, as a leading feature of horticul-
tural work in the State of Florida, led me into various kinds of experi-
ments, and I observed, among other things, that the grape fruit tree,
(Citrus decumana) was very destructive to its crop by reason of its
very thorny habit, and during each Fall a large percentage of the fruit
was ruined by thrashing against the thorns when the wind was high,
which punctured and caused them to drop.

I observed, also, that among the citrus family we had one variety
that was thornless, viz., Mediterranean sweet orange, and I found that
the seeds of this variety produced thornless trees.

I concluded that the original tree from which the strain was de-
rived by budding had become thornless, either by design or accident,
and the whole family, including the grape fruit, could be disarmed if
the secret could be discovered.

On closer examination with this idea in view, I found that the first
or shoulder bud on each branch was thornless, (this bud is inferior and
rarely used for budding purposes), and thinking that perhaps the use of
it exclusively during a number of generations might produce the de-
sired results, I decided to try an experiment upon the grape fruit. I
found the tree produced from the first budding was less thorny than
the tree from which the bud was taken; that is, the thorns were small-
er, and thus encouraged to proceed, I continued the work into the
fourth generation, using the shoulder bud in each case, when I pro-
duced a tree with no thorns whatever, except small blunt knobs back
of the axils of the leaves where the thorns usually appear. Subse-
quent experiments proved that I had a dethroned grape fruit tree and
all of the buds of it would perpetuate its artificial character. 1 tested
seeds from the first crop borne by the thornless grape fruit, and found
that like the seeds of the Mediterranean sweet orange, they produced
thornless trees.

Circumstances prevented my making a practical test with the rose.
An examination will show that the shoulder buds of nearly all our
roses are without thorns ; that is, thorns rarely, if at all, are formed

70 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

back of the first or shoulder bud; and the fact that at least two varie-
ties of roses are thornless, leads me to believe that any of them may be
made so by the method described. As budding is the favorite way of
securing special varieties of the citrus my experiments have been con-
fined to this process, and I prefer it to grafting, even with the rose,
when a variety is wanted upon other than its own roots.

But it is probable, that with plants that are easily increased by
cuttings, such as the rose, experiments may produce similar results if
cuttings are rooted at the heel of the branch and cut back so as to
form a new growth from the first or shoulder bud.

I offer these suggestions for the purpose of inducing experiments
in the direction indicated, and feel satisfied that the enterprise of prac-
tical horticulturists will carry the theory into practice; and in the near
future they will be enabled to furnish to a long-suffering realm of sub-
jects our beautiful queen of flowers free from her only blemish.

The President announced the question "Would organizing
State societies of florists be of any benefit to the florists or the So-
ciety of American Florists?"

Mr. Daniel B. Long: If we have found, during the past twelve
or thirteen years, that the State Vice-President feature in the Society
of American Florists is comparatively a dead letter, as far as results
are concerned, I hardly see how the organizing of State societies can be
of any particular benefit either to the Society of American Florists or
its members. The idea has been suggested by others as well as myself,
that if the Society of American Florists could in some manner organ-
ize, say, three sections of societies in the United States — each consist-
ing of different States — with probably a fourth society in Canada, each
section to have a meeting every year and then a meeting of all
the sections combined to be held each year, in one particular section,
it might be found desirable. In other words, if there were three sec-
tional societies, there would be what might be called a triennial
meeting in each section. It seems to me that something of that kind
might be desirable and it probably would be in line for the Executive
Committee to take it into consideration.

THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION IN 1899.

Mr. D. B. Long was again awarded the floor. He said :

As the members know, more or less has been said about the Pan-
American Exposition to be held at or near Niagara Falls in 1899. The
gentlemen who are organizing it are entirely reliable, and there is no
doubt but that one of the best exhibitions that has ever been seen will
be held during that year. It will be really too bad if the Society of
American Florists should not avail itself of the advantages to be
gained by a representation at that exposition during the six months of
its continuance, if not by the presence of its members. The organizers
of it have not sufficiently matured their plans to be able to say any-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71

thing definitely about tlie liorticnltural features, but they are mani-
festing great interest in that direction and say they are going to give
flowers a large share of their attention. Now, as the next meeting of
this Society will not be held for a year, I think it would be for the
interests of the Society to appoint a committee to represent it in any
preliminary consultation with the exposition management. It may be
that there will be nothing for the committee to do but, if circum-
stances should require it, the Society of American Florists would have
some representation. I therefore move that a committee of three
members be appointed by the Chair to represent the Society of Ameri-
can Florists in any deliberations or consultations with the officers of
the Pan-American Exposition.

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht seconded the motion,

Mr. J. V. Merrion of Chicago moved an amendment empow-
ering the committee to enter into communication with the officers
of the Exposition in order to ascertain what would be expected of
the Society.

The President suggested that the amendment seemed to be
superfluous, as the committee, if appointed, would do wliat was
proposed.

Mr. Merriox withdrew his amendment.

Mr. H. B. Beatty: The Society of American Florists has an
Executive Committee, which represents the Society in all matters like
the one referred to. It seems to me that it is proposed to appoint a
committee practically to take the place of the Executive Committee,
which is always in session or at least may be communicated with at any
time, as the representative of the Society, by any other organization.
Authority to take action in the matter is in the Executive Committee,
under the Constitution,

The discussion here closed and, a vote being taken, the motion
of Mr. Long was lost.

The session then (1.15 p, m,) closed.

THIRD DAY. — EVENING.

Thursday Evening, August 19th, 1897.
There was a large attendance at the evening session, at which
the labors of the Convention terminated. President Graham pre-
sided.

72 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

FIRE INSURANCE.

Mr. W. J. Vesey of Fort Wayne, Ind., chairman of the
special committee, to whom the matter of the temporary organiza-
tion of a Fire Insurance Company was referred, presented a
report.

The report Avas read as follows :

Your Committee, to whom was referred the matter of nominating
officers for a temporary organization of a Fire Insurance Association,
beg leave to report that they liave selected no names for said positions.
That upon consideration of the subject they have concluded to take
the liberty of recommending to this Society, as a substitute for the
election of said officers, that it constitute a new committee, consisting
of E. H. Michel, E. A. Seidewitz and J. G. Esler, the members of the
recent committee, to which shall be added M. A. Patten, C. W. Hoitt
and W. J. Vesey, such new committee to be known as the Eire In-
surance Committee.

That said Committee be authorized to at once proceed to secure
such applications for insurance as it is able. That at any time when,
in the opinion of said Committee, it shall have procured sufficient of
such applications to warrant the formation of an association for said
purpose, it shall issue a call to the persons making such application,
stating a time and place where such persons shall meet to effect a per-
manent organization. Such Committee, however, to incur no expense
for which the Society of American Florists shall be responsible.

Mr. Vesey moved that the report be received and its recom-
mendations concurred in.

The motion was adopted without objection.

THE CARNATION.

Tlie Convention proceeded to consider the subject of "A
Year's Progress in our Business, " which was opened by a paper on
" The Carnation, " presented and read by Mr. William Nicliolson
of Framingham, Mass. The author was invited to the platform
and, after reading his paper, was heartily applauded. The paper
was as follows :

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists —
I have been asked to give a discussion upon the merits of new carna-
tions as seen from a commercial standpoint. This, I can assure you,
is a very difficult task on account of the many different standards by
which a person may be governed. As soon as you put your pen to
paper you are bound to step upon some one's toes, thereby raising a
hornet's nest about your head. But indeed you were only giving your
own views and experience, in so far as it concerns your own market.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73

I think you will all allow that that which will sell in one market
may not take at all in another market. For instance, Delia Fox,
which has won as many laurels as any commercial carnation sent out,
is a complete failure in the Boston market as a new carnation. By this
you will all see that the discussion of new varieties is a very serious
task. I will try to give you a few notes upon the manner in which I
have seen them growing, taking the Boston market for my standard.
What is a good commercial carnation ? I think the best answer to
this question will be to give you a synopsis of what we saw upon our
pilgrimage to the carnation convention at Cincinnati last February.

During the convention a great many important sultjects were dis-
cussed. You will hnd a particular account in the records of the
American Carnation Society, of which I hope you all have copies, but
if you have not got one you may receive a copy at once by becoming a
member of the society. These records contain much valuable informa-
tion to all those who are interested in carnation culture. I think you
will all agree in placing this divine flower in the front rank of flowers
for commercial purposes.

But to return to my story. There were three weary pilgrims
traveling from afar and, being desirous of further light in regard to the
divine flower, thought that they would travel West instead of East
this time, in pursuit of that knowledge. After embarking at Boston
their first stop was at Niagara Falls, where they viewed with delight
the grand work of the Supreme Architect of the universe and enjoyed
a delightful sleigh ride on bare ground. Their next stop was at Buf-
falo, where all members of the craft are expected to call and take
their first "libation" with that prince of good fellows, " Great Scott,"
whom you all know so well, and have heard so much from in his inter-
esting notes in the Americxm Florist. On embarking again on their
rough and rugged road to Cleveland, they met one Long in name, if
short in stature, whose company they all enjoyed the remainder of the
journey to Cleveland. Here again they had another addition in the
person of the President of the Society of American Florists, Mr. Adam
Graham, of whom, I think, all present here will unite with me in say-
ing, the more we see of him the more we like him; with him were Mr.
Gasser and other members of the craft, all looking for more light
upon the subject of carnation cultivation.

On arriving at Cincinnati we were met at the depot by that true
and courteous "Sir Knight " Gillett, who extended to us a very hearty
welcome. We were conveyed to the Gibson House to participate in
the deliberations of the American Carnation Society and to enjoy
the hospitality of the Cincinnati Florists' Club. The duties were
many and various. The progress shown in the cultivation of carna-
tions was marvelous.

Of course a visit to Mr. Witterstaetter's place was planned. The
expedition was under the leadership of that fvm-loving and careful
guide, Ernst Asmus. We started out for Mr. Witterstaetter's place,
the guide being careful to choose the pleasantest roads for the pleasure

74 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

and comfort of his fellow-craftsmen. After arriving at our destina-
tion, upon looking around, we saw Evelina growing in all her glory.
If she does as well in other localities as at home, for a white carnation,
she will be a grand acquisition to the market. We also saw many-
seedlings of great promise, which, if they stand the test of trial, will
he heard from later on.

After the close of the business meeting of the Carnation Society
we started for Richmond, Ind., to see Flora Hill. This time the expe-
dition was under the guidance of one whom you all know, as well as
one who stands in the front rank as a grower and disseminator of new
carnations, E. G. Hill. His hospitality knows no bounds, and it is a
treat for any florist to visit his place, to see so many novelties and so
many promising seedlings, all of which were in such splendid condi-
tion. We all felt well repaid for our journey.

I think that if more of our brother florists, instead of staying
always at home and grumbling at what the Society is trying to do for
the best interests of all concerned, would make a tour around and see
what other people are doing they would, I am sure, find it time and
money well spent.

Our next destination was Lafayette, to see E. Dorner & Son's
place. For a man to say it is a treat to visit this place is but drawing
it very mildly. The hospitality of the "Hoosiers" is boundless. It
was indeed a treat to see the beautiful seedlings which we found grow-
ing there in such splendid condition. As a grower and disseminator of
new carnations you will all agree with me in placing him at the head of
the list. I must say that I think he has some very fine seedlings in
store for us next year, particularly in white, yellow, crimson and
.scarlet. His house of seedling carnations is a splendid sight. The
progress that has been made in raising seedlings is indeed wonderful.
From what we saw of his seedling, Mrs. G. M. Bradt, which they sent
out this spring, I should say that it is one of the future fancy carna-
tions. We all came away with a very favorable impression of it as a
commercial carnation.

On our return trip we called to see genial Charley Allen, whom, I
can assure you, it is always a pleasure to meet. Here one is always
sure to find things in apple-pie order, and carnations growing in all
their glory. This is particularly true of Scott. If you ask him how he
does it he winks his eye and points to a small 4x6 house which stands a
little way from his greenhouse. Charley is a firm believer in night
soil, and I must admit that I have been quite converted to the idea
myself. He has also something up his sleeve in the shape of a new
white carnation, which will speak for itself later on.

Under his leadership we visited the Cottage Gardens, one of the
model establishments growing carnations. To meet and have a chat
with Mr. C. W. AVard, is well worth the time and long journey, for he
always has some treasure in store for you. Here we found a model
system of packing and shipping plants and cut flowers. He also has
some promising new seedlings which we shall hear of later on if they

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75

stand the test. Mr. Ward is a firm believer in giving them a three
years' trial before putting them on the market. All of those present,
if they have grown a few seedlings, know how few of them stand the
third years' trial.

Of course a visit to New York would be incomplete without a visit
paid to the Dailledouze Bros. Charley Allen calls them "dear boys, "
but I would like to add something more and call them "the smart
l»oys. " From them one is always sure of a hearty welcome. Here one
is sure to find the up-to-date methods for growing fancy carnations,
'mums and mignonette. It is always a pleasure to me to walk through
their carnation houses, where everything is so neat and trim, and to
enjoy a chat with the boys about the novelties, for, like the rest of us,
they have to give most of them a trial. They have some very promis-
ing seedlings for the next year's trial, particularly one after the style
of Daybreak, but a much more beautiful flower, which is saying a
great deal.

In regard to what we have seen in the line of seedlings in and around
Boston, there are quite a uumber of good ones to be tried this year.
Taking white seedlings into consideration, Peter Fisher's Freedom and
Mr. Cook's Nivea are both very promising, but one can not say how
they will stand commercially until they have been tested. Mr. Fisher's
Edith Foster has done very well in some places, but not so well in
other places.

I believe that you must give them all a trial, so that you may feel
better able to determine which of them will prosper with you and be
profitable to grow for market. There is a wide difference between
a commercial flower and an exhibition flower. In fact, they form two
distinct classes. I consider the Boston cut flower market one of the
best places to test the commercial value of a new carnation as a seller.

The exhibition held in Boston last Spring was the means of bring-
ing together a large number of people interested in the cultivation of
carnations. There was a fine display of seedlings exhibited to com-
pete for the silver cup, which was given by Joseph Breck & Sons of
Boston.

For next Spring there is a promise of another prize by T. F. Galvin
of Boston. This, I believe, will bring together quite a large number of
competitors. On looking around, you will see many seedling growers
on all sides. The seedling 999 of Peter Fisher of Ellis, Mass., is a
magnificent flower. If it does as well this year as last year, I have no
doubt that it will be one of the ideal future carnations.

I consider Eldorado one of the very best commercial carnations
which has been sent out the last few years. Although it has never re-
ceived a certificate, I still think it ought to have one. There has never
been a better selling or keeping carnation in the Boston market. To
this carnation there is but one objection, that it is very liable to take
rust, which objection can be overcome by a free use of fresh air-slacked
lime.

76 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

In closing my few remarks, I will say that I have given a synopsis
of what I have seen this last year in the way of new carnations. I can
only repeat my former statement, that a man must first test the novel-
ties himself to find out if they suit his soil and market. What is con-
sidered \i good seller in one market, falls very far short of the mark in
another. But you will always find this true, that the man who has
No. 1 fancy carnations, will never find much trouble in disposing of
them at good prices.

The President thanked the Convention for the close attention
it had given to Mr. Nicholson's excellent jjaper, and invited re-
marks in respect to the beautiful flower treated of. No response
was made.

On motion of Mr. W. W. Coles of Kokomo, Ind., seconded by-
Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., a vote of thanks was tendered
to Mr. Nicholson for his paper.

THE RETAIL TllADE.

The next business was the reading of a paper on " The Eetail
Trade, " written by Mr. Thos. J. Johnston of Providence, R. I.
The i^aper, by request, was read by Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, who
stated that its author had been unable to present it, as he was ex-
ceedingly busy in providing for the entertainment and comfort of
the delegates. The paper was as follows :

It is with pleasure we can note considerable progress in our retail
business — a great improvement in the quality of all flowers which we
retailers are obliged to handle. The rose, the carnation and the violet
have been of better quality in the past year. The chrysanthemum has,
I think, reached the climax as to size, as the public is now calling for
the small, old-fashioned kinds such as we grew in clusters in our
gardens. It is also pleasing to note that the retailer does not have to
buy a grower's whole product in order to get a few things which he
may want. There is, as a rule, plenty of good stock of all kinds to be
had; about the only popular flower not grown around here to any
extent commercially, is the orchid. However, there is not demand
enough yet for its extensive cultivation.

One thing in which I consider we have made progress is the price
of flowers at holidays. At Christmas, Easter and Decoration Day
good stock can be sold by the retailer at a slight advance over regular
prices. I always contended that it was a great drawback to our busi-
ness to get prices too high at holidays.

We have also made considerable progress in the number and
shrewdness of our street fakirs. We can boast of having almost as
many as our big sister, Boston, with no restrictions on them. They
used to be content to buy the surplus or about-to-be-cast-away stock of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77

the retailer; but now they must have selected stock, perfectly fresh.
However, I don't think they injure us as much as we sometimes
imagine.

Little progress has been made here in regard to quality and price
of stock. One price does for all grades, both as regards growers and
retailers. The plant trade has increased wonderfully, especially at
holiday times, good stock always selling well. There has also been
improvement made in the growing of such stock as an up-to-date retail
store must carry.

In concluding, I would say there has been a decided progress and
improvement in all departments of our business hereabout for the past
year, and now that after the Society of American Florists Convention,
we join the number of cities that have been favored Avith meetings, we
hope the result will be a continuous increase financially, socially, etc.

Mr. Siebrecht interspei'sed his reading of the paper with re-
marks suggested by some of the points presented by the essayist.
He said he could attest to the correctness of the statement that the
price asked for large flowers was now less than formerly, as there
was a greater demand for the clusters, which are more graceful than
the immense and gorgeous flowers which might almost be called
monstrosities.

Referring to the point made by the essayist, that there is not
yet demand enough for the exclusive cultivation of the orchid, he
said he could realize that in a city like Providence it would not
pay for a large establishment to grow orchids exclusively, as the
local market would not be able to take them.

He also observed that evei-y one should appreciate the force of
the statement about high prices at holidays being a great drawback
to the business. He said it was this that discouraged the customer.
When a holiday comes — Christmas, Easter or Decoration Day —
and the prices jump up, not ten or twenty-five Y>ev cent., but to
double and treble figures, Mr. Siebrecht said, he had always thought
it a great mistake.

After finishing the paper, Mr. Siebrecht said that he con-
sidered this a very concise and up-to-date little paper from a retail
standpoint in such a place as Providence. It would have fitted
New York just about twenty years ago. But he believed it would
not take twenty years nor ten years until Providence would be up
in the front rank, in respect to the retail business, with New York,
Boston, Philadelphia and other great cities.

78 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.

The special order of business, viz : the proposed amendments
to the Constitution and By-laws, recommended by the Executive
Committee, (printed copies of which had been circulated,) was
taken up.

Secretary Stewart read the first amendment as follows :
"Add to Article 1, (referring to the name of the organization) the
words " And Ornamental Horticulturists ;" thereby making the
name of the organization, " The Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists. "

Mr. John G. Esler, replying to an inquiry by Judge Hoitt,
explained that with the title as amended, there would be greater
likelihood of the Society getting a national charter.

Judge Hoitt said he understood the objection to the charter
had been that the organization partook of the nature of a commer-
cial enterjjrise.

Mr. C. W. Turnley of Haddonfield, N. J., opposed the
amendment. He said :

I cannot see the utility of it. I look upon it as an inelegant super-
fluity. The idea of an "ornamental horticulturist!" Let us analyze
that. Is he a man with his trousers rolled into his boots, a slouched
hat on his head and an ugly, nasty pipe in his mouth — is that what
you would denominate an " Ornamental Horticulturist? " [General
merriment.]

The promoters of this organization, after well considered and
mature deliberation, proposed the cognomen "Society of American
Plorists, " and I think that that covers the ground fully. It has been
argued that by broadening this cognomen you will admit the gardener,
this •'ornamental horticulturist" if you please, with greater ease.
But he can come in now. The name "Society of American Florists"
is broad enough to receive any one. I don't see that the amendment
will widen the door in the least ; I think it is narrowing the door. It
appears to me that we are detracting from our intelligence in adopting
it. The new phraseology does not suit me in the least. There is
sufficient ornamentation about the florists' business without special-
ly designating it by adding two initials to the letters on your badge.
Why, you will not 'have room enough on the badge for them all, you
need to have another leaf. I hope the intelligence of the Society
will vote down the amendment.

Mr. J. G. Esler: I think that Mr. Turnley entirely misstates the
object. The present cognomen of the Society of American Florists

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79

will let everybody in who wants to come in, and this change is solely
for the purpose of aiding Mr. Smith of Washington, in getting a
national charter.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude of Washington, D. C. : As the gentleman (Mr.
Esler) has said, the title of our Society is broad enough to admit any
one connected with the business, but the National Congress cannot see
it in that light, and the most eminent lawyers have failed to make
clear to them that we are not a close corporation, that we are not
organized solely for our personal benefit, or that we are, as we claim
to be, a liberal minded body of men who seek to promote the good of
our craft. We admit into the Society of American Florists every one,
whether it be a grower of cabbages with one rose bush at the side of
his house, or a man who sells fertilizers. If the applicant is honorable
and honest he is admitted. I cannot see that the addition of these
few words, which will remove the obstacle in the way of getting our
charter, should be any detriment to this Society; and in order that we
may get the charter this time, I sincerely hope the title will be
amended. If any one will show me wherein it will do any harm to our
interests I will be open to conviction, but, having given the matter
much consideration, as I am sure many of the members have, I cannot
see any harm to result from it and I anticipate much good from it.

Mr. Wm. R. Smith (who had entered the hall during the dis-
cussion) was called to the platform for some remarks. He said he
could not imagine any good ground of objection to the amendment
nor had he heard any valid argument against it. There was a
reason for it, as it would cover a case like his own. He was
hardly what would be considered, in common parlance, " a florist,"
though he thought he had some claim to be known as an ornamental
horticulturist. He said that the object was to broaden the Society
by broadening its name and taking in all whom the new Avords
would cover. He preferred the title " Ornamental Horticulturists "
because it indicated something distinct from other branches of
horticulture ; from the apple growers and cabbage growers, for
instance — very valuable and excellent men in their way — who
were engaged on a different line and outside tlie sphere of orna-
mental horticulture.

Mr. John Reck opposed the change. He regarded the name
" Florists " as good enough and comprehensive enough for all
practical purposes.

Mr. a. Herrington" of Madison, N. J,, said he w^as glad to
see the Society trying to broaden its scope in order to bring within

80 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

its fold those engaged in any branch of horticulture, but at the
same time he thought that the appellation, which it was proposed
to tack on to the present cognomen, was not only superfluous but
ridiculous, and wanted to know what was the matter with the good
old-fashioned name of "Gardener?" Mr. Smith had implied that
we, as ornamental horticulturists, move in a little higher sphere
than that of the ap2:)le growers or the cabbage growers. But he
was glad to shake hands with the apple grower or the cabbage
grower ; adding that he was a bit of a cabbage grower himself ;
and enquiring why, if cabbage growers were not wanted, Prof.
Halsted had been asked to tell about root galls on cabbages.
[Merriment.]

Mr. G. M. Kellogg believed that the new Congress would be
willing to give a charter with our old name.

Hon. Chas. W. Hoitt was the next speaker. He called
attention to the fact that Mr. Smith believed that by a slight varia-
tion in the name of the Society he could succeed in securing a
national charter from Congress. He referred to the persistent but
ineffectual efforts which that gentleman had made to get the
desired legislation. In one Congress the charter passed the House
of Representatives and was defeated in the Senate ; in another
Congress it passed the Senate and was defeated in the House; and
subsequently, after having passed both Houses, it was vetoed by
the President. The one great objection to it, at Washington, was
that the Society of American Florists is a trade organization. It
was not enough for the Society to deny this ; the point was that it
was necessary to present the matter to the legislators at Washing-
ton in such a Avay as to convince them that an act of incorporation
should be passed. If therefore the obstacle in the way could be
removed, as Mr. Smith had suggested, by simply adding two words
to the name of the Society, why should not those words be added ?
The easiest way was the best way in a matter of this kind, and Mr.
Smith believed that this was the easiest way. He had encountered
the obstacle and he ought to know better than those who had not
encountered it as to how it was to be overcome.

A national charter would give the Society a status, a position, a
legal existence as a national body. At the present time if a lawyer
was asked " What is the Society of American Florists," it would be
difficult for him to answer. There being no general law of the

SOCIETY OF AMERICA2f FLOKISTS. 81

United States under which an incorporation could be effected, it
would have to organize under a State law, but last year it met in
Ohio, this year in Rhode Island, and next year it will meet in Ne-
braska — three different States — and a corporation organized
under a law of the State of Ohio, for instance, cannot hold its cor-
porate meetings and elect its officers under the laws of the State of
Rhode Island or the State of Nebraska. Furthermore, if some
person should tender to the Society a legacy for the establishment of
a school of botany or something of that nature, could the Society
take it? The question would arise at once, "What is the Society
of American Florists — can it legally accept and hold a legacy ? "
On the other hand, under a national charter the Society might hold
its annual meetings in any State of the Union. It would be an ad-
vantage to the Society to have it, even if it enabled it to do noth-
ing more than this.

Coming back to the original proposition as to the easiest way
to secure the charter, and finding ihat Mr. Smith, after having
fought for it for six or seven years and informed himself as to what
was needed, comes and asks to have these words " Ornamental
Horticulturists " added to the Society's name in order to obtain
the requisite legislation, why not grant him what he asks ?

Mr. E. H. Cushman of Euclid, O., moved the adoption of
the amendment as read.

Mr. J. L. Dillon of Bloomsburg, Pa., seconded the motion.

The motion was carried without objection.

The Secretary read the next amendment, viz : to substitute
for section 3, which defines the duties of the Treasurer, the follow-
ing:

" Treasurer — The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the
Society, and shall pay all bills when same have been approved by the
Secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under the
direction of the Executive Committee, and shall keep a correct record
of receipts and disbursements, rendering an account of the same an-
nually to the Society, the same having been duly audited at the preced-
ing meeting of the Executive Committee. He shall give bonds in such
sum as the Executive Committee may from time to time deem sufficient

and shall receive for his service a salary of dollars per

annum.

Should a vacancy occur in the office of Treasurer, the President
shall appoint a Treasurer pro tempore. "

82 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Mr. H. a. Siebrecht moved the adoption of the amendment.

Mr. W. W. Coles seconded the motion.

Mr J. G. EsLER : Will it not be necessary to fill the blank
in the section by specifying the amount of salary ?

Mr. E. H. Cushman suggested that perhaps the matter of
fixing the salary of the Treasurer could be settled in the Executive
Committee better than here, and moved to amend the substitute by
making it read, " and shall receive for his services such compensa-
tion as the Executive Committee may determine."

A vote being taken, the motion of Mr. Cushman was adopted
and the substitute, as modified, was agreed to.

The Secretary read, for information, Section 4 of the By-
laws, which fixes the annual dues of each member at 13.00, pay-
able on or before Dec. 31st of each year.

The next amendment was to substitute for Section 4 the fol-
lowing :

''Fees and Assessments — The payment of thirty dollars shall
secure a life membership in the Society of American Florists and Or-
jiamental Horticulturists, and exempt from all future assessments.
Any eligible person may become a member of the Society for the cur-
rent year by the payment of five dollars, and such membership may be
continued by the payment of an assessment of three dollars in advance
each consecutive year. An annual member in good standing may be-
come a life member by the payment of twenty-five dollars."

A vote was taken without discussion, and the substitute, on
motion of Judge Hoitt, was adopted.

The Secretary read, for information. Section 6 of the By-laws,
viz. :

"It shall be the duty of each Vice-President to promote the
interests of the Society, in his State, to the best of his ability; to keep
a complete list of the florists therein and supply them with such
printed matter as the officers of the Society may direct; and he shall
assist the Secretary, when requested, in completing such list of mem-
bers that our annual meetings may be thoroughly advertised and mem-
bership increased."

The next amendment was to substitute for Section 6 the fol-
lowing :

" State Vice-President — It shall be the duty of each State Vice-
President to make an annual report to the Society, of progress and

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83

interesting horticultural events that have occurred in his State during
the preceding year, to assist the officers in the discharge of their
duties, and in general to promote as best he can the welfare of the
National Society. He shall be the accredited representative of the
Society of xVniericaa Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists at all
meetings and exhibitions of importance in his State."

A vote being taken, the substitute, on motion of Mr. E. H.
Cushman, was adopted without objection.

The Secretary stated, as to Section 9, which it was proposed to
amend, that the order of business therein specified was so far
removed from the present mothod that, unless called for, he would
not read the old section. He tlien read the substitute for Section
9, giving the order of business as follows :

"Order of business — The transaction of business shall be in the
following order :

1. Calling to Order.

2. President's Address.

3. Keport of Secretary.

4. Keport of Treasurer.

5. Reports of Standing Committees.

6. Reports of Special Committees.
7 Unfinished Business.

8. New Business.

9. Adjournment. "

The President stated the question on the adoption of the
substitute.

M.R E. H. Cushman moved to amend by inserting between the
orders Nos. 6 and 7, tlie following " Reports of State Vice-Presi-
dents."

Mr. H. B. Beatty remarked tliat, as the State Vice-Presi-
dents were really officers of the Society of American Florists, he
thought their reports should follow those of the other officers. He
suggested to insert the new order immediately after that of " Re-
port of Treasurer. "

Mr. Cushman accepted Mr. Beatty's suggestion and modified
his motion accordingly, and the substitute as thus amended was
adopted without objection.

Judge Hoitt said he understood that the new arrangement of
the order of business would apply only to the first day of the Con-

84 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

vention. He inquired of the Secretary as to the mode of procedure
on the subsequent days.

The Secretary replied that "Unfinished Business" and
"New Business" would cover all business after the first session.

Judge Hoitt : On the principle that " Charity covereth a
multitude of sins"? [Merriment.]

The Secretary read the next amendment, which was to add
a new section as follow :

''Reserve Fund — Money accruing from life membership payments
shall form a Reserve Fund, the interest of which may be appropriated
annually for general or specific purposes. "

Hon. C. W. Hoitt suggested that it might be a good idea to
specify by whom the funds shall be invested. Unless provision on
the point has already been made in the By-laws, it might be well to
require that moneys in this fund should be invested under the direc-
tion of the Executive Committee.

Mr. H. B. Beatty called attention to the fact that provision
on that point has been made in the new Section 3, pertaining to the
duties of the Treasurer, which reads : " He shall make all transfers
and investments under the direction of the Executive Committee. "

A vote of thanks was here taken and the amendment adding
the new section was adopted without objection.

THE QUESTION BOX.

The Question Box was taken up. The first question consid-
ered was " What is the best remedy for black spot on roses."

The President called for a response from Mr. S. J. Reuter;
Avhen a delegate explained that that gentleman had left the hall
because of his feeling unwell and had requested that, if called for,
the cause of his absence should be stated.

The President invited remarks from any of the gentlemen
present and, after waiting in vain for a reply, called upon Mr, May
and informed that gentleman that the audience would like to hear
him, whether he wanted to speak or not. [Calls for Mr. May were
then made.]

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 85

Mr. John IS". May responded : I do not know that I can say any-
thing very new in reference to black spot on roses. It is a fungoid
disease. It is far better to try to prevent it than to attempt to cure it.
The best preventive that I have found in my experience is an abun-
dant circuhition of air. Never allow stagnatedhnoisture to accumu-
late at night. In fact, under almost all circumstances you should
maintain more or less ventilation. In the Fall, when the air at night
is rather moist and there is scarcely a low enough temperature outside
to make nre heat essential, I have found it sometimes necessary to put
on a little fire heat and leave on plenty of air.

I don't know that I can say anything more than that with regard
to black spot. The surest producer of it is a close, stagnant atmos-
phere. If it is at all cool, that is, if the temperature of your green-
house runs anywhere below sixty-five, with a close, stagnated atmos-
phere, you are sure to get black spot. I don't know of any remedy for
it when you have it, except persistent picking off of the leaves and
burning them. We have an order that is rigidly enforced in our green-
houses, or as rigidly as I can make them adhere to it, and that is that
they go through the houses at least twice a week and pick off every
leaf that shows an indication of black spot; and at the same time they
take with them, as they go through the house, a handful of shavings
and burn them.

I am not much troubled with black spot, but I do not want you to
think I do not get it. I do have it once in a while. I have found the
best remedy for and preventive of it, to be a clear, open circulation of
air with a dry, healthy atmosphere in the house at night. [Applause.]

The next question was " Novelties — their place in the trade,"
which had been assigned to Mr. Grove P. Rawson, of Ehuira, N. Y.
The Secretary stated that that gentleman had kindly jjrepared a
paper on the subject, and, in the absence of its author, the paper
would be read by Mr. Robert Craig. The paper was as follows :

NOVELTIES — THEIR PLACE IN THE TRADE.

The relation of novelties to the trade is primarily a matter of busi-
ness—dollars and cents — but often a lack of sense is displayed in
pushing novelties whose only merit is that of novelty. Sometimes this
is a known equation and again it remains an unknown quantity.

Generally speaking, the collector or grower supplies his own novel
description to attract the unwary — the more experienced are less easily
roped in. Now the trade is well aware that there will always be a
perennial demand for horticultural novelties, the spirit of which is
legitimate and improving. I never look over a catalogue without being
first attracted to its list of novelties — new plants or new varieties.
To be sure some of those enumerated are but the ghost of former days
resurrected from graves of oblivion to another transmigratory stage
of existence. Odd varieties blossom forth with brand-new names to

86 PROCEEDTISrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

bewilder nomenclature. Synonomy occasions more vexation to the
trade than nomenclature or any phase of it, and in a Society like the
Society of American Florists particular attention should be applied to
its detection.

I consider that the dealer in novelties should have some personal
knowledge of what is offered the trade; this in itself would enhance his
reputation and create demand. Occasionally some new thing is intro-
duced "off-hand" with great eclat, and the lottery of it promises a
horticultural Klondike. Besides, if you fail to grasp the golden oppor-
unity, others in the trade are both ready and willing to take posses-
sion, and in these days of close competition and hair-breadtli margins,
one simply cannot be conservative and live! You may even close a
bargain and vainly imagine that you alone have the exclusive stock,
only to find — there are others! All you can do is to get together
— "misery loves company" "don't-cher-know" — and establish a
" fixed price " for the public view, and possibly another, sub rosa!

New roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, et al., are offered as
desirable novelties, which are often characterized as the greatest horti-
cultural frauds ever perpetrated on the age, and so on, these are the
extremes. It seems next to impossible to establish fixed values for
novelties, especially so, when with the stringency of trade there is an
uncertain and fluctuating demand for large stocks propagated. Yet,
when we consider the reasonable prices at which novelties are offered,
there ought to be no occasion to grumble.

New varieties of chrysanthemums are distributed abroad, as high as
five or six dollars per plant. According to our American standard,
this would be deemed outrageous. It is difficult to secure good
healthy stock of novelties in their ^rst season. I suppose the fault is
in over-propagation.

Again, in some lines there are too many new varieties which can-
not readily be assimilated by the trade. This is particularly true of
carnations and chrysanthemums. Almost every carnationist through-
out the length and breadth of the land, has one or more novelties of
his own raising. If all these were placed upon the market at the same
time it would demoralize trade as far as carnation novelties are con-
cerned, dissappoint buyers who would be shy of investing in novelties,
and discourage hybridists.

From past experience we are all of us inclined to be more conser-
vative than formerly, for even certificates do not make a variety popu-
lar or useful to the trade. A plant that will not grow readily or
produce freely is sure to be eventually turned down by the trade. The
intrinsic merit of any variety suited to commercial floriculture is its
composite character, ,

What we are after is equality. The difliculty in awarding certifi-
cates is, practically, that only the flower is judged. The other facts in
the case, equally important, are unknown quantities and only to be
determined by two or three seasons' experience with different soils and

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. ti i

treatment. Hence the chief value of a certificate is in advertising
novelties.

Novelties sell in proportion to their being well advertised. Curi-
osity begets interest and desire. The hybridist and collector enjoys
his labor, but rarely reaps any profit unless he has an established repu-
tation, when his products are remunerative and sought after.

The trade in novelties is a business by itself and specialists are
adapting themselves to its interests and demands. E.!G. Hill & Co., to
chrysanthemums, carnations and general plant novelties; J. N. May,
Nathan Smith & Son, F. Dorner, W. A. Manda, hybridists; W. Atlee
Burpee, sweet peas; J. C. Vaughan, cannas; A. Blanc, importer, and
all the leading seedsmen follow more or less in its wake.

It is a line of trade that will attract attention from every lover of
horticulture, and its progressive development will ever be watched
with continually increasing interest. Doubtless a review of 1897
novelties would be useful to the average florist desiring more informa-
tion on the subject, but time limit forbids taking it up.

On motion of Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., a vote of
thanks was tendered to Mr. Rawson for his paper.

The question " Would organizing State societies of florists be
of any benefit to the florists or the Society of American Florists, "
which had been partially considered at the morning session, was
here re-introduced.

Mr. R. Vincext, Jr. of Baltimore County, Md., being called
for, presented some thoughts in regard to it, which were much
applauded. Mr. Vincent said :

Having been a worker for many years in an organization of the
tillers of the soil, an organization that places^its faith in the Giver of
all things, and cooperation of all engaged in the cultivation of what-
ever can be grown in the soil, a worker and not a leader or lecturer, I
feel out of place to stand before so critical an audience as I see facing
me.

But having only been asked for suggestions I simply give you my
ideas on the subject ; if there is anything in them worthy of your
attention you will, I hope, adopt them, or anything that will help the
success of our association.

Yes! Just as soon doubt the advisability of combination amongst
other trades and pursuits. No vocation, no profession, but is pro-
moted by the cooperation of those, who, following a common pursuit,
seek and find counsel, keep touch of elbow and fellowship, of those
engaged in it. To say otherwise, to believe otherwise, would be to
have the hands on the dial of progress moved backwards.

Association of those engaged in the same pursuit, with common
interests and with mutual aims, is the watchword of the day.

OS PEOCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

Whether it is the laborer in the mine, the shop or the factory, the
farmer in the field, physician, lawyer, in whatever calling men may
engage, the first step toward independence, advancement, self-protec-
tion and defence, is the union of segregated individuals into a compact
and mobile force, whose vital influence and efficient power may be
wielded as an energetic unit for the good of all.

Should the florist be an exception ? Hath not a florist eyes ?
Hath not a florist " hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, pas-
sions'? fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to
the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by
the same summer and winter, as a Christian is ? if you prick us, do
we not bleed? if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do
we not die ? and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge ? "

The effect upon the National Society of a complete group of State
societies, selecting their most advanced, intelligent and energetic
members to send each year to its annual sessions, would be:

1. To give it a representative character, a standing equal in dig-
nity and power to associations of other businesses, and an efliciency
not now possessed,

2. To enroll under its standard those who at present are inert,
lukewarm, or positively unfriendly.

The influence upon the individual florist might be counted:

1. To stimulate to larger, broader views; take him out of the local
and provincial field, and widen his vision; to consider his vocation
in its national, even world-wide scope, promote the interchange of val-
uable experiences, and inspire an esprit de corps in his class.

2. To bring him personal gains by the advances necessarily se-
cured where a thousand rivulets, bringing information, mutual aid,
timely suggestion, friendly cooperation, give volume and momentum
to the resultant stream.

Let us have a State society in every State and a tributary local
club in every town and neighborhood where numbers will allow — all
links in a sentient chain, each one necessary to the completeness and
strength, to the efficiency and force of the National body, which, thor-
oughly representative in composition and character, material and
aims, will give us a place eminent among other organizations, honored
and applauded for good work throughout the land, llemember the
fable of the bundle of arrows, each easily broken of itself; but, once
bound together, beyond any force to disrupt. Let us recognize and
remember that, with gardeners and florists, as with every other profes-
sion and pursuit, however lowly or however exalted, "In union there is
strength! "

The President remarked that it was unfortunate that this im-
portant question came up at such a late stage of the proceedings,
that practically there was no time for the discussion of it. He
invited remarks on the subject, but no response was made.

SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS. 89

On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, a vote of thanks was unani-
monsly tendered to Mr. Vincent.

The next question for consideration was, " Are the annual
trade exhibitions a benefit to the Society of American Florists, and
if so, should they receive further encouragement from the National
Society. "

Calls were made for Mr. Manda and Mr. Evans, when it was
explained that Mr. Manda had been compelled to leave the city by
the eveninac train and Mr. Evans was also absent.

Mr. Jos. Heacock of Wyucote, Pa., being called upon, replied:
I never exhibited before this year, and I have had enough of it.

Mr. II. A. SiEBRECHT remarked that the answer to the ques-
tion was one that could not come from exhibitors but from visitors
to the exhibition, who came to see it and to be benefited by it.
They were the ones who could say whether the exhibition had been
of any benefit. It was not for those who had sent their trade
exhibits here at their own expense, and at the risk of loss for
breakage and so on, to answer the question.

Secretary Stewart announced, as the next question, the fol-
lowing : " Whether any member has used the compoimd Nicotine,
and what results have come from it ; whether it is convenient to
use, and is or is not injurious to delicate plants."

Mr. Jos. Heacock: We made quite a test of that this Spring. It
answered thoroughly for the purpose of killing green fly until the
weather got warm and we ventilated more than we did in the winter.
It was cheaper, more convenient and more cleanly to use than tobacco
stems.

The Secretary here read the last of the questions in the
Question Box, viz. : " What is the cause of asters, when growing
and in full bud, suddenly wilting, turning yellow and dying ; being
apparently hardy, healthy plants one day, and the next day wilting
down ? "

Mr. Stewart (in the absence of any formal response) briefly
referred to his own experience in growing asters. He said that, on
pulling them up, he had found their roots covered with insects,
(little white lice) but he did not know whether these were the
cause or the effect.

90 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

FINAL RESOLUTIONS.

Mr. Robert Craig of Philadelphia, from the committee ap-
pointed to prepare Final Resolutions, presented the following
report :

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS

In session, Providence, R. I., Aug. 17-20, 1897.

REPORT OF committee ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas : The florists and citizens of Providence have been ex-
ceedingly cordial in the hospi^;alities extended to us, and most
thoughtful and industrious.in their efforts for our comfort and pleasure
during our sojourn in their interesting and beautiful city, therefore

Resolved, That we particularly wish to thank His Honor, the
Mayor, for his kindly reception.

Resolved, That to the officers and members of the Florists' and
Gardeners' Club of R. I., the hearty thanks of the Society are due, and
that this Society with great pleasure acknowledges these graceful
attentions. Nothing has been left undone which would add to our
comfort and happiness, and the attentions to our ladies particularly
are fully appreciated.

Resolved, That very special thanks are offered to Mr. Timothy
McCarthy, Superintendent of Swan Point Cemetery, for the delightful
entertainment provided for us in the beautiful grounds over which he
so successfully presides, and which give evidence of his good manage-
ment at every point, and also to Superintendent Fitts of Roger
Williams Park, for many acts of kindness.

Resolved, That W. E. Chappell, Superintendent of Trade Exhib-
it, is entitled to be ever held in grateful remembrance for his untiring
and well directed efforts in the interests of exhibitors, and in fact, all
the members of the Society.

Resolved, That the Providence Athletic Association has extend-
ed to the members of the various Bowling Clubs the most cheerful and
generous courtesies and the use of their beautiful club rooms, so
kindly placed at the disposal of our members, is duly appreciated.

Resolved, That the great courtesy and consideration of the
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, deserves our very
special recognition; particularly kind have they been in taking their
Providence boat on Friday to Newport to transport to their destina-
tions the delegates from New York and Philadelphia; the Society
greatly appreciates this unusual and valuable concession.

Resolved, That the members of this Society will take to their
homes most pleasant memories of their delightful sojourn in Provi-
dence, and that they look forward to an exceedingly pleasant time
to-morrow in Newport and fully appreciate all that is being prepared
for them by the Florists' Gardeners' and Associates' Club of Newport.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 91

Resolved, That our special gratitude is due to Governor Dyer of
Rhode Island, for the kindly sentiments so eloquently expressed in his
letter to this Society.

Resolved, That the Press of Providence has earned our hearty
thanks for their complete and accurate reports of our proceedings.

[Signed] Robt. Craig,
John N. May,
G. L. Grant.

On motion of Mr. J. C. Vaughan of Chicago, the report was
adopted by a unanimous vote.

Judge Hoitt called attention to the omission in the resolu-
tions of a tender of thanks to the officers of the Convention. He
therefore moved a vote of thanks to the President, Secretary and
other officers of the Society of American Florists for their zealous
and efficient efforts in promoting the success of the Convention.

After taking the vote on the motion, Judge Hoitt announced
that it had been carried unanimously. [Applause.]

On motion, the thirteenth annual meeting of the Society here
terminated.

FOURTH DAY.

Friday, August 20, 1897.

the excursion to NEWPORT.

Nine o'clock Friday morning found the steamer Day Star
loaded dovvn with a merry party of nearly 750 excursionists, and at
9.15 the start for Newport was made with great enthusiasm. The
weather was perfect and the beautiful scenery of Narragansett Bay
was enjoyed to the utmost. The Providence representatives were
as fresh and industrious as ever in their endeavors to entertain.
There w^as an abundance of refreshments of all kinds on board, a
fine band of music, and the saloons were prettily decorated and
festooned with flowers.

After a two hours' sail, the dock at Newport was reached and
there were found the rej^resentatives of the Florists', Gardeners'
and Associates' Club of Newport, ready waiting with an apparently
endless line of 'buses and vehicles of every description. As the

92 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,

big concourse poured out upon the dock, it seemed for a time as
though the generous Newporters would have more than they could
handle, but in due time all were comfortably packed away and the
long procession was started for a ride through and around the city.

The route led past the many beautiful and palatial villas with
which Newport abounds and the loveliness of the spacious lawns
and grounds charmed and delighted all, especially those who
beheld them for the first time.

At Indian Spring the party alighted and a group photograph
was taken, after which the ride was resumed, following the route
of the Ocean Drive, twelve miles in length. Arriving at Easton's
Beach, all were invited to a huge tent where a genuine Rhode
Island clam bake was served.

The guests having been seated, President A. K. McMahon of
the Newport Club extended a cordial welcome, in a few well
chosen words, and invited all to partake of the hospitality of the
Club. After dinner there was a brief period of speech making, the
first speaker being Hon. P. Boyle, Mayor of Newport, who was
enthusiastically greeted as he expressed the kind feelings of the
people of Newport toward the members of a profession A^hich has
done so much to beautifj' their homes and surroundings.

Hon. C. W. Hoitt responded and expressed in the most hearty
manner the thanks of the visitors for the liberal hospitality which
they had enjoyed.

Mr. John P. Sanborn of Newport, President Adam Graham of
the Society of American Florists and President-elect W. F. Gude
were each called upon in turn and made remarks appropriate to the
occasion.

A pleasant feature was next in order — the presentation of a
handsome gold watch to President Graham, as a testimonial from
his many friends in the .Society, the presentation speech being
made by Mr. Robt. Craig. Mr. Craig took the opportunity to add
some very complimentary words in reference to the masterly work
of the Newport gardeners, which it had been his privilege to see
during the day.

Mr. Graham made a feeling response and gratefully thanked
his friends in appreciation of their gift, which he said he would

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93

prize beyond value. A handsome gold brooch with diamond set-
ting was then presented to Mrs. Graham, and the awarding of the
prizes won b}' the various teams and individuals in the shooting
and bowling matches followed next, Mr. J. N. May officiating, and
brief responses being made in each case by the lucky recipients.

President McMahon then closed the entertainment with these
words : " We wish you all a Godspeed and pleasant journey home.
When you have an opportunity to come back to Newport again,
we will be glad to entertain you as we have done to-day."

Several rounds of cheers were then given and the visitors dis-
persed. The northern bound delegates accompanied the Provi-
dence Club back to that city, and the evening sail on the Day Star
was a most delightful experience. Those going southerly were
accommodated through the kindness of the Providence Line
Steamship Company, whose regular boat, the Pilgrim, made a
special stop at Newport to take on board the New York bound
delegates.

APPENDIX.

REPORTS OF EXHIBITION COMMITTEES.

GLASS A, PLANTS.

To Robert Craig, certificate of merit for fine exhibit of crotons;
remarkable for vivid coloring.

Siebrecht & Son, certificate of merit for collection of palms, ferns
and decorative plants; special attention being called to Nephrolepis
cordata compacta.

r. R. Pierson Co., a certificate of merit for large and well grown
decorative plants.

H. A. Dreer, certificate of merit for collection of well grown deco-
rative plants.

Cottage Gardens, a certificate of merit for a grand exhibit of zonal
geraniums in bloom.

Luther Armstrong, a certificate of merit for everblooming tuberose.

Pitcher & Manda, honorable mention for display of decorative
plants.

F. R. Pierson Co., honorable mention for collection of decora-
tive plants.

W. A. Manda, honorable mention for miscellaneous plants and
orchids.

C. D. Ball, highly commended for display of decorative plants.

D. B. Long, highly commended for Risley Flats smilax.
L. H. Foster, highly commended for Boston fern.

H. F. Littlefield, highly commended for collection of decorative
plants.

Lemuel Ball, highly commended for collection of decorative plants.

Robert Craig, highly commended for collection of palms.

Joseph Heacock, highly commended for collection of palms.

Storrs, Harrison Co., highly commended for Northern grown H. P.
roses.

C. H. Joosten, highly commended for American grown roses on
own roots.

Pitcher & Manda exhibited a new Begonia Rex, having no zone.
Noted as a new departure.

C. Hagenburger exhibited a remarkable coleus named Klondike.

Samuel Henshaw,
Alexander MacLellan,
John Dingwall.

APPENDIX. 95

CLASS B, CUT BLOOMS.

To H. A. Dreer, certificate of merit for collection of double
petunias.

H. A. Dreer, honorable mention for display of canna flowers.

John White,
John A. Shellem,
S. N. Pentecost.

CLASS C, BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS.

Hitchings & Co., a certificate of merit for hot water heater. Im-
provement noted in extent of surface of water exposed to fire.

Herendeen Manufacturing Co., honorable mention for steam heat-
er, Improvements noted in clinker door and lock in shaker.

Plenty Horticultural Works, highly commended for hot water
heater.

Smith & Thayer Co., highly commended for greenhouse heater.
John A. Scollay, highly commended for Invincible hot water boil-
er. Great heating surface and special sectional construction noted.

Fred Burki,
F. E. Mathison,
H. A. Hart.

CLASS D, greenhouse APPLIANCES AND FLOWER POTS.

To A. H. Hews & Co., honorable mention for standard flower pots.

Joseph Breck & Sons Corporation, honorable mention for general
greenhouse supplies.

J. G. & A. Esler, honorable mention for greenhouse hose, notice-
able for heavier inside lining and superior quality of rubber.

Lockland Lumber Co., honorable mention for sash bars; quality of
lumber especially noted.

Plenty Horticultural Works, honorable mention for section of iron
frame greenhouse; strength, lightness and economy of construction
especially noted.

The A. T. Stearns Co., highly commended for 'sash bars, etc.; fine
quality of lumber.

E. A. Ormsby exhibited ventilator apparatus, in which quickness
and lightness in operation were noticeable.

John C. Moninger Co., had an exhibit of greenhouse material
which, to the committee's regret, was not received in time for in-
spection.

S. J. Keuter,
M. A. Patten,
Jas. M. Logan.

96 APPEXDIX.

CLASS E, florists' SUPPLIES AKD FANCY EARTHENWARE.

To H. Beyersdorfer & Co., certificate of merit for comprehensive
collection of florists' supplies.

A. H. Hews & Co., certificate of merit for fancy earthenware.
N. r. McCarthy & Co., honorable mention for display of florists'
supplies.

W. C. Krick, highly commended for florists' letters and inscriptions.

L. H. Foster,
J. M. Gasser.

CLASS F, BULBS AND SEEDS.

F. E. Pierson Co., certificate of merit for display of florists' bulbs.
Clucus & Boddington Co., certificate of merit for display of lily
bulbs.

Walter A. Potter & Co., honorable mention for display of florists'
bulbs.

C. H. Joosten, highly commended for display of florists' bulbs.
W. A. Manda and Joseph Breck & Sons Corporation, each made a
fine display of bulbs. •

A. K. McMahon,
Charles Zeller,
Alexander Millar,

CLASS G, miscellaneous.

To J. A. Penman, certificate of merit for very complete collection
of florists' literature.

A. T. de la Mare Printing and Publishing Cq., certificate of merit
for very complete collection of florists' literature.

Clark, Sawyer Co., certificate of merit for refrigerator of new
design.

Thos. J. Grey & Co., certificate of merit for collection of fiorists'
requisites.

Cordley & Hayes, certificate of merit for new designs in papier
mache jars.

Thos. W. Weathered's Son, certificate of merit for models of green-
house heaters; improvements in dome and shaking grate noted.

American Jadoo Co., honorable mention for Jadoo fibre. A further
trial recommended.

C. H. Joosten, honorable mention for Fostite.

H. F. Littlefield, honorable mention for rubber hose and other
floral requisites.

APPENDIX.

97

A. Hermann, honorable mention for cycas leaves and metal designs.
E. J. Van Reyper, honorable mention for glaziers' points.

C. W. Werner, honorable mention for reed flower vases.
W. S. Ward, honorable mention for cocoanut fibre.

Scabcura Dip Co., honorable mention for insecticide "Nikoteen. "
A further trial recommended.

Thaden & Lawrence, honorable mention for wire plant supports.

Crowl Fern Co., honorable mention for florists' ferns.

E. Hippard, highly commended for ventilator shaft.

Jos. Breck & Sons Corporation, highly commended for florists'
requisites.

W. H. Ernest, highly commended for flower pots.

L. B. Brague, highly commended for florists' ferns, evergreen, etc.

Jas. Horan & Sons, highly commended for wire carnation support.

Benj. Chase, highly commended for plant labels.

D. B. Long, highly commended for floral photograph.

Samuel Henshaw,
Feed Bueki,
John White,
S. J. Reuter,
Lucius H. Foster,
A. K. McMaiion.

COMMITTEE ON MEDAL AWARDS.

In the preliminary programme of the meeting at Providence
the following note was inserted.

a special medal competition.
The Society of American Florists offers six silver and six bronze
medals to be competed for at Providence, as per the following sched-
\\\e :

Cannas, display of twelve varieties in pots, not to exceed twenty-
five plants in all.

Tuberous Begonias, twenty-five plants.

Caladiums, twelve fancy foliage varieties in pots, one plant of
each.

Aquatic Plants, display of cut blooms, to be kept in good condition
throughout the exhibition.

Hardy Conifers, collection in pots.

The silver medals to be awarded for the best in each of the above
classes, and the bronze imedals for the second best. One silver and
one bronze medal additional to be left to the discretion of the commit-
tee to be awarded to any display of plants, showing advancement in
culture or of special value to the trade. Ko awards shall be made in

98 APPENDIX,

any class where, in the opinion of the committee, tlie quality of the
exhibit does not justify it. This department will be kept entirely
distinct and separate from the trade exhibition. No entry fee or
charge for space will be required and no advertisement or card of a
business nature shall be used. Entries should be made with the Secre-
tary of the Society of American Forists.

In response to the above invitation a number of very fine
exhibits were staged in the audience hall, and ex-Presidents Edwin
Lonsdale, W. R. Smith and M. H. Norton were appointed a com-
mittee to examine and 2:)ass upon them. Their awards were made
as follows :

To Oakes Ames, No. Easton, Mass., for display of aquatic flowers,
silver medal.

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, for display of aquatic flowers, bronze
medal.

Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, for collection of conifers, silver
medal.

Sam W. Lewis, Olneyville, K. I., for collection of conifers, bronze
medal.

Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, for American grown rhododen-
drons and azaleas, silver medal.

W. A. Manda, South Orange, IST. J., for collection of new fancy
caladiums, bronze medal.

Alexander MacLellan, Newport, E. I., for group of well grown,
rare greenhouse plants, bronze medal.

Pitcher & Manda, Short Hills, N. J., for a group of Adiantum
Earleyense, arranged in pyramidal form, a certificate of merit.

EEPOET OF SUPEEINTENDENT OF EXHIBITION.

To the President, Officers and Members of the Society of American

Florists —

Gentlemen: — I realize the fact that my duties as your servant in
the capacity of Superintendent of Trade Exhibit, are drawing to a close,
and I can assure you that my association with you has been very
pleasant. The duties and perplexities incident to the fulfillment of the
oftice of Superintendent of a Trade exhibition mean something more
than most of you are aware. A man to fully realize the labor attend-
ing such an office must pass through at least one exhibition; he might
however, get familiar with the routine of labor attending the office if
called upon the second time. And if it was not the Society met each
year at such extreme points, I should recommend that the Superinten-

APPENDIX, 99

dent be an elective officer for such a term as the body saw fit to elect
him. I think the Society woiild be much benefited as well as the ex-
hibitors, and I am quite sure from experience that one might improve
somewhat after the first battle. This idea may not be a practical one
for reasons heretofore given.

If something could be done to harmonize the exhibitor with the
rules as laid down by the Society for him to follow and the Superin-
tendent to enforce, it might be a great benefit to both. I found it ex-
ceedingly hard in some cases to enforce the rules and at the same time
keep the would-be good natured exhibitor in good humor with me.
This subject has undoubtedly been before the Society, and it may not
be wise to make any recommendation.

After my appointment to the office of Superintendent, I made a
diagram of hall and issued circulars to former exhibitors and others
that I cosidered might be. I also advertised space to let m the three
trade papers, and to my satisfaction every foot of floor space as well
as tables was disposed of. The net profit on same did not come up to
my expectations, for the reason the hall was not adapted for an exhi-
bition hall. It being a bowling alley, necessitated much extra labor to
get it into condition for our use. It was, however, the best that
could be had where the Convention and exhibit could be held under
one roof.

The Convention was productive of much good to our city and to
the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Ehode Island. It gave our Club
new life, new hopes and aspirations, it also convinced our citizens of
the fact that the brainy men of the country were not all at the White
House.

I wish to thank all the officers and committees, as well as the
members of the Society of American Florists, for their kind considera-
tion; also the gentlemenly exhibitors and attendants, for the many
courtesies toward me while discharging my duties as Superintendent.
It was a week never to be forgotten. The pleasant faces, the warm
grasp of hands and congratulations on my maiden attempt to manage a
trade exhibit, were very gratifying to me. Before closing, I again
thank you one and all, and long live the Society of American Florists.

Below I give a list of exhibitors with the amount of money received
for space; also account of all payments, for which I hold vouchers.
At this time I cannot make a full report, as notwithstanding my re-
peated appeals, some exhibition space has not yet been paid for.

CASH RECEIVED.

Am. Jadoo Co., $18.00

L. B. Brague, 5 25

Lemuel Ball, 6 Oo

Chas. D. Ball, 20.16
H. Bayersdorfer & Co., 52.10

Jos. Breck & Son, 5.72

W. H. Bock, 5.04

Clucas & Boddington

Co., $5.25

Crowl Fern Co., 7.56

Clark Sawyer & Co., 3.36

J. C. Conroy, 2.00
Cushman Gladiolus Co., 3 36

Benj. Chase, 2.00

100

APPENDIX.

Henry A. Dreer, $36.00

A. T. De La Mare, 5.88

Wm. H. Elliott, 2.00

J. G. & A. Esler, 2.25

L. H. Foster, 5..30

A. Herrmann, 18.36

Jos. Heacock, 18.53

A. H. Hews & Co., 12.16

Hitcliings & Co., 18.24

E, Hippard & Co., 3.36

Herendeen Mfg. Co., 23.40

J. Horan & Son, 2.00

C. H. Joosten, 8.40

H. E. Littlefield, 9.03

Lockland Lumber Co., 12.16

J, C. Monninger, 7.56

W. A. Manda, 9.50

N. E. McCarthy & Co., 9.50

Thos. J. Grey, 10.08

E. A. Ormsby (note) 78.10

Irving Predmore, 2.00

Jos. Plenty, 28.80

Pitcher & Manda, 23.04

J. Arnot Penman, 5.00
Walter A. Potter & Co., 9.66

Theron Parker, $ 5.25

Emil Steffens, 6.25

Siebrecht & Son, 33.12

John A. Scollay, 5.25
A. T. Stearns Lumber

Co., 10.64
Skabcura Dip Co., 7.56
Queen City Mach, Co., 5.04
Cottage Gardens, 18.00
Thaden & Lawrence, 2.00
Thos. Weathered's Son, 3.15
W. S. Ward, 2.00
Chas. Werner, 2.00
L. Armstrong, 2.00
Storrs & Harrison, 2.00
Indurated Eibre Co., 4.20
Cash received for tick-
ets, 4.25

$620.91

Contribution from IST.

E.

Elorist,

25.00

$645.91
Amount still outstanding, $110.66

DISBURSEMENTS.

J. B. Swift, hall and

lights, $110.43
Convention hall, 100.00
Carpentering and lum-
ber, 100.00
Superintendent, 75.00
Sheeting for tables, 38.31
Bill for sundries, 18.53
Electric lights, 11.59
Asst. Supt., 10.00
Watching, 8.25
Bills for signs, 6.00
Am. Florist Ad., 5.60
Janitor, , 5.00
Labor, sweeping, etc., 5.00

Table and chairs, loan.

$5.00

Florists' Exchange ad..

4.00

Plumbing,

3.85

Transparency and cards

at door, '

2.50

Flags, (loan)

2.00

Printing tickets.

2.00

Loan of tables,

2.00

Belcher & Loomis bill.

,88

Thompson Ex.,

1.50

Printing N. E. Flor-

ist,

25.00

$542.44

Unpaid carpenter acct., $60.00

Oct. 20, 1897.

Wm. E. Chappell, Supt.

APPENDIX.

PLANT INTEODUCTIONS IIT AMERICA IN 1897.

101

EOSES.

Augaste Wattine, T. (Soupert & Netting) brick red, with yellow

at base of petals.
Baroness Charles Taube, T. Kettem) yellowish white, tinted

with rose.
Baroness M. de Tornaco, T. (Soupert & Netting) white mother-of-
pearl, retouched with rose and edged with carmine.
Belle Poitevine, Eug. (Bruant) pink.
Bladud, H. P. (Cooling) silvery white, center pale blush.
Blanc Double de Courbet, Eugosa (from Kamtschatka) paper

white.
Calocarpa, Eug. (Bruant) single, rose.
Carmine Pillar, H. C. (Paul) single, rosy carmine.
Catharine Gerchen-Freunlich, T. (Kettem) rose, veined with

copper red shading to crimson.
Chateau d'Aurout, T. (Kettem) peach carmine red.
Charlotte Gillemot, H. T. (Guillot) white.
Climbing Bridesmaid, CI. T. (Dingee & Conard Co.) pink.
CliiQbing Earl of Pembroke, H. P. (Eumsey) climbing sport

from Earl of Pembroke.
Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, H. T. (Dickson) climbing,

sport from Kaiserin Augusta Victoria.
Climbing Souv. de Wooton, CI. T. (Craig) sport from Souv. de

Wooton, magenta red.
Chevalier A. Ferrario, T. (Bernaix) crimson.
Clara Watson, T. (Prince) salmon and pink.
Comtesse Gedeon de Clermont-Tonnerre, T. (Soupert & Netting)

brick red, veined with golden yellow, and shaded peach red centre.
Comtesse Lily Kinksky, T. (Soupert & Netting) blush white with

yellow shadings.
Comtesse Wardi, T. (Soupert & Notting) copper yellow, shaded

clear red.
Cooling's Single Crimson Bedder, (Cooling) crimson.
Coronet, H. T. "(Dingee & Conard Co.) a cross between Paul Ney-

ron and Bon Sileiie, carmine pink.
Countess of Caledon, H. T. (Dickson) carmine rose.
Ellen Drew, H. P. (Dickson) silver pink with pink shading, a

sport from Duchess de Morny,
Emilie Gonin, T. (Pierre Guillot) white, tinted with orange yel-
low, deeper at the base of petals, the edges bordered with rose

carmine.
Emin Pasha, H. T. (Drogemuller) rosy carmine.
Empress Alexandra of Eussia, T. (Paul & Son) lake-red, shaded

with orange and crimson.
Enchantress, T. (Paul & Son) creamy white, tinted buff at centre.

102 APPENDIX.

riammetta Nabonnand, T. (Nabonnand) called the white Papa
Gontier, white.

Trancois Dubreuil, T. (Dubreuil) bright crimson with velvet
shadings.

General Billot, T. (Dubreuil) pale amaranthus violet, with car-
mine purple reflections towards the centre.

Gloire de Deventer, T. (Soupert & Netting) cream white, reverse
of petals flesh colored rose.

Haileybury, H. P. (Paul) cerise salmon.

Helen Keller, H. P. (Dickson) satin rose.

Jeannie Deans, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) crimson, semi-
double.

Jubilee, H. P., (Peter Henderson & Co.) red, shading to crimson
red and maroon red at base of petals, a cross between Pr.
Camille de Rohan and Louis Van Houtte, raised by M. H. Walsh.

Laurence Allen, H. P. (Cooling) soft pink.

Leon de Bruyn, T. (Soupert & dotting) outer petals pale yellow,
with center of deep Naples yellow.

Lilliput, Poly. (Paul & Son) dwarf, cerise carmine, flushed with
crimson.

Lucy Bertram, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) crimson, with
white center.

M. Albert Patel, T. (Godard) red, shaded with yellow; a seed-
ling from Beaute Inconstant.

Madam Jules Grolez, H. T. (Guillot) bright Chinese rose.

Madame Louis Gravier, T. (Gamon) salmon, tinted with orange
yellow, and bordered with rose carmine.

Mademoiselle Marguerite Appert, H. T., red.

Manda's Triumph, 'H. Wich. (Manda) double, white.

Merrie England, H. P. (Harkness & Son) a sport from Heinrich
Schultheis, rosy crimson, flaked and striped silvery blush.

Mile. Anais Molin, Poly. (Molin) dwarf, flesh white, shading to
snow white.

Mile. Helene Gambler, H. T. (Pernet-Ducher) rosy flesh and
salmon to coppery rose.

Minna, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) white, tinted blush.

Miss Ethel Richardson, H. P. (Dickson) white, with pale flesh
centre.

Mosella, Poly. (Lambert & Reiter) white, shading to yellow.

Mrs. Robert Garrett, H. T. (Cook) a cross between Sombreul and
Caroline Testout.

Mrs. Rumsey, H. P. (Rumsey) sport from Mrs. George Dickson,
rose pink.

Perle des Rouges, Poly. (Dubreuil) dwarf, crimson red.

Pink Rambler, (Eiuphrosine) (Lambert) bright red, in large trusses.

Pink Roamer, H. Wich. (Manda) single, pink, almost white cen-
tre.

APPENDIX.

103

Princess Marie Adelaide, Poly. (Soupert & Nottiiig) ivory white,

with rose center.
Princess Venosa, T. (Dubreuil) ISTankin yellow, with shadings of

carmine.
Queen Mab, China (Paul & Son) rosy apricot, center shaded with

orange; outside tinted with rose and violet.
Kev. Alan Cheales, H. P. (Paul & Son) lake, with reflexed sil-
very white shaded back petals.
Eobert Duncan, H. P. (Dickson) bright rosy lake.
Schneelicht, H. Kug. (Schmidt) snow white, climbing.
Snowball, Poly. (Sander) double, white.
Southern Beauty, CI. (Dingee & Conard Co) salmon.
South Orange Perfection, H. Wich. (Manda) double, blush pink,

changing to white.
Souv. de Catherine Guillot, T. . (Guillot) color of the Austrian

copper.
Souv. de Chas. Verdier, H. P. (E. Yerdier fils) dark crimson, with

maroon shadings.
Souv. de Jeanne Cabaud, T. (Guillot) copper color, with centre

yellow apricot carmine.
Souv. de Madam Camusat, H. T. (Bonnaire) Chinese rose, with

metallic reflections at the centre.
Souv. du Pres. Carnot, H. T. (Pernet-Ducher) soft pink and pearl.
Souv. de Prince Charles D'Aremberg, ISToisette, (Soupert & dot-
ting) climbing, canary yellow.
Sylph, T. (Paul & Son) ivory white, tinted peach,
Tom Wood, H. P. (Dickson) cherry red.
Universal Favorite, H. Wich. (Manda) double, rose.
Waltham Standard, H. P. (Paul & Son) carmine, shaded with

scarlet and violet.
White Cochet, T. (Cook) a sport from Maman Cochet.
White Marechal Niel, (Deegen) climbing, white.
White Pet, CI. Poly. (Dingee & Conard Co.) white.
White Rambler, (Thalia) (Lambert & Eeiter) pure white, large

trusses.
Yellow Rambler, (Agluia) (Lambert) bright yellow, in large

trusses.

CARNATIONS.

Baltimore, (Hess) pink.

C. A. Dana, (Ward) shell pink. A seedling from W. Scott and

Uncle John.
Captain King, (Pennock) white with pink markings.
Flora Hill, (Hill) white.

Harrison's White, (Harrison) a sport from Wm. Scott.
Joseph Jefferson, (Dingee & Conard) pink.

104 APPENDIX.

L^ura Vick, (Vick) scarlet, sport from Tidal Wave.

Lily Dean, (May) white, margined and penciled with pink.

Maud Dean, (May) blush white deepening to pink in centre.

Mayor Pingree, (Breitmeyer) lemon yellow, lightly marked with

pink and occasional splashes of white.
Miss Emma Wocher, (Witterstaetter) light pink.
Mrs. Chas. H. Duhme, (Dorner) light pink.
Mrs. Geo. M. Bradt, (Dorner) white, heavily edged and striped

with scarlet.
Mrs. McBurney, (Hill) salmon pink
Morello, (Hopp & Lemke) scarlet.
ISTivea, (Cook) white.

Victor, (Graham) salmon pink, a sport from Daybreak.
W. D. Sloane, (Passmore) cerise.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Adelaide, (Reiman) white.

Allegro, Jap. (Nanz & Xeuner.) crimson, yellow reverse.

Arona, Inc. (Europe) gold and orange, Seedling from Y. Morel.

Australie, Jap. (Australia) light rose amaranth, silvery reverse.

Barbara Forbes, Jap. Inc. (Europe) early, paper white.

Beauty of Truro, (Europe) a purplish bronze sport from Louis Boeh-

mer, hairy.
Belle of Castlewood, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, pink.
Bonnie Dundee, Chinese (Europe) bronze.
Boule d'Or, (Europe) Bronzy yellow.
Brian Boru, Jap. (Spaulding) salmon pink.
C. W. Ward, Jap. (Spaulding) snow white.
Casco, Jap. Inc. (Goddard) light garnet.
Castleton, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) white.
Chas. J. Massey, Inc. (Europe) primrose.
Chito, Jap. (Smith) yellow ground, fine red stripes.
Daylight, Jap. Inc. (Smith) sulphur yellow.
Defender, Jap. Ref. (Fischer & Ekas) dark crimson. A seedling from

Geo. W. Childs and Mrs. Drexel.
Delicacy, (Japan) white.

Dorothy Devens, Inc. (Spaulding) late, white.
Dorothy Seward, Ref. (Europe) terra cotta red.
Dorothy Spaulding, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, dark rose pink.
Duvet Blanc, (Europe) tubular petals, hooking up at end, hairy.
Edith Tabor, Jap. (Europe) pale yellow, broad, recurving petals.
Elainora, Jap. Inc. (May) early, deep pink, rose reverse.
Elfrida, Jap. (Europe) petals striped, bronze red and yellow.
Elvena, Jap. Inc. (May) early, silvery pink.
Emily Silsbury, (Europe) white.

APPENDIX. 105

Eureka, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) Avhite.

Evangeline, Inc. (May) white.

Exmonth Yellow, Jap. Inc. (Europe) golden yellow.

F. T. Domoto, (Europe) deep pink, hairy,

Fr. Vercelonne, (Europe) yellow, long tubular petals, incurving at
the ends, hairy.

G. F. Atkinson, (Spaulding) pink, early.

Geo. S. Kalb, Jap. Ref. (Fischer & Ekas) early, white. A seedling
from Mnie. F. Bergmann and Kate Brown.

Gladys, Inc. (Spaulding) white, outer petals flushed.

Gold Bug, (IsTanz & i!^euner.)

Gold Standard, Ref. (Spaulding) early, deep yellow.

Golden Plume, Inc. (Europe) yellow, hairy.

Golden Trophj% Jap. Inc. (Hill) early, yellow.

Golden Wonder, Ref. (Spaulding) old gold.

Halcyon, Anem. (Spaulding) white, often shaded pink.

Henry i!^anz, Jap. Inc. (Nanz & Neuner.)

Ideality, Inc. (Smith) white, late.

J. H. Woodford, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, shell pink.

J. M. Gifford, Inc. (Spaulding) golden yellow.

Janette Sheahan, Jap. (Europe) bronzy yellow.

Kentucky, Jap. (Nanz & Neuner) shrimp pink.

King Cole, Inc. (Spaulding) bronze, seedling from Harry Maj% early.

Lady Byron, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white, petals long and broad.

Lady Esther Smith, Jap. Inc. (Europe) broad incurving petals of
ivory white.

Lady Kennaway, (Europe) early, pink.

La Garonne, Ref. (Europe) bright rose, creamy centre.

Lago Magiore, Jap. (Europe) yellow.

Lawn Tennis, Ref. (Dailledouze) deep mauve.

L'Emindra, (Europe) creamy white, flesh tips.

Leonidas, Jap. Ref. (May) amaranth, shaded maroon.

Loantika, Ref. (May) bright red.

Lorelei, Jap. Inc. (Bock) white, lower petals lilac pink.

Lorna Doone, Jap. (Condon) snow white.

Lucille Marthieu de la Drome, Jap. Inc. (Europe) early, yellow,
slightly tinged rose.

M. A. Charmet, Jap. (Europe) rosy violet, petals tubular at base.

M. Edw. Andre, (Europe) bronze.

M. M. Wallace, Jap. (Spaulding) lilac pink.

Mars, Jap. (Spaulding) crimson lake, gold reverse

Marsia Jones, Anem. (Spaulding) snow white.

Maud Adams, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) late, yellow.

Merula, (Smith) early, pink.

Midge, Jap. (Smith) early, white. ■%

Milano, Jap. Ref. (Europe) cherry carmine, bronze reverse.

Miss Lottie D. Berry, Jap. Inc. (Garret A. Hobart) (Pitcher & Man-
da) white.

106 APPENDIX.

Miss Mary Godfrey, Jap. (Europe) silvery pink, edge of florets deeper.

Mizpah, Sing. (Smith) very dwarf, small flower, bright rose.

Mile. F. Besson, Jap. (Europe) blush violet, shading to carmine.

Mile. L. Girard, (Europe) white, ends of petals incurving, hairy.

Mons. Pequemal de Koseville, Inc. (Europe) bronze, hairy.

Mrs. A. P. Meredith, (Manda) yellow, sport from Mrs. Kimball.

Mrs. C. E. Shea, (Europe) creamy white,

Mrs. Col. Goodman, Inc. (Knapp) white, often flushed pink.

Mrs. E. F. Hyde, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) lemon.

Mrs. F. A. Bevan, Jap. (Smith) flesh pink, long tapering florets.

Mrs. G. H. Smart, Jap. Inc., (Europe) golden, suffused red.

Mrs. Geo. Armistead, Jap. (Europe) white, striped and flushed pink;

long narrow florets.
Mrs. Geo. Carpenter, Jap. silvery pink, slightly hairy.
Mrs. Geo. Cover, Jap. Kef. (Europe) crimson, bronze reverse.
Mrs. H. Weeks, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white.
Mrs. Briscoe Ironsides, Jap. Inc. (Europe) pale flesh.
Mrs. Hermann Kloss, Jap. (Europe) dark orange flushed with red.
Mrs. J. Withers, Jap. (Spaulding) yellow.
Mrs. John J. Glessner, Jap. (Smith) light yellow.
Mrs. John Shrimpton, (Europe) golden buff, shaded crimson.
Mrs. Martin A. Eyerson, Jap. (Smith) white.
Mrs. E. D. Douglas, Inc. (Spaulding) yellow and bronze.
Mrs. E. Mc Arthur, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) snow white.
Mrs. Eosseter, (Europe) chestnut and amber, petal tubular and

forked.
Mrs. S. C. Probin, Jap. (Smith) pink.
Mrs. Theo. F. Beckert, Inc. (Bock) blush.
Mt. St. Eynard, Jap. Eef. (Europe) bronze.
Mygale, (Europe) trumpet shaped petals, incurving at the tips, dark

red.
Olive Oclee, Jap. Inc. (Europe) buif , shading bronze.
Pauline French, Inc. (Europe) flesh pink, centre yellow, hairy.
Pendennis, (Nanz & Neuner.)

Perle Dauphinoise, Jap. Inc. (Europe) golden yellow.
Phoebus, Eef. (Europe) yellow.
Plume d'Or, Inc. (Europe) canary yellow, hairy.
Porcelain, Eef. (Smith) late, white.

President McKinley, Jap. (Spaulding) ox-blood red, gold reverse.
Pride of Exmouth, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white, flushed.
Pride of Madford, Jap. Inc. (Europe) amaranth, reverse lighter,

petals incurving at the centre.
Queen of Earlies, (Europe) early, white.
Eachais, Inc. (Europe) bronze, hairy.
Eobt. Egerton, Jap. (Carey) light pink.

Eomance, Jap. (Smith) creamy white, long petals hooking up at ends.
Eose Owen, Jap. (Europe) pink, early.
Simplicity, Jap. (Smith) white.

APPENDIX. 107

Snowdon, Jap. (Smith) white, late.

Souv. de Ma Soeur, Inc. (Europe) white, hairy.

Starlight, Jap. (Smith) tubular petals, pink, shading to yellow at

tips.
Sundew, Inc. (Spaulding) early, bronze.

Sunstone, Jap. (Smith) yellow, shading to red at base, straw reverse.
Surprise, Anem. (Europe) high pink centre, guard petals forked and

hooked.
Symphonia, Jap. Inc. (May) carmine pink, reverse silvery pink.
T. B. Morse, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, yellow.
Thanksgiving, (Rawson) pink.

The Barrington, Jap. (Spaulding) maroon, silver reverse.
The Harriott, Jap. Inc. (Spaiilding) late, deep rose, silvery reverse.
The Times, Jap. (N'anz & I^euner) silvery pink, shading to deep pink

centre.
The Yellow Kid, Inc. (Spaulding) lemon.

Velmar, Jap. (Smith) centre incurved, white with pink pencilings.
Virginia Earle, Anem. (Europe) silvery pink.
Virreta, (ISTanz & Xeuner.)
Yt. de Chezelles, (Europe) bronze.
West Kewton, .Tap. (Gane) nankeen yellow.
Western King, Jap. Inc. (Smith) white.
Yellow Monarch, Jap. (Dailledouze) early, yellow; sport from Merry

Monarch.
Yvonne Desblanc, Jap. (Europe) white shading, to yellow at centre.

CAN'NAS.

Andromache, (Italy) red, dark foliage.

Antigone, (Italy) scarlet, lightly laced and spotted yellow.

Bacchus, (Italy) red, laced and spotted yellow.

Brilliant, (Conard & Jones) yellow, with crimson maroon stripe.

Burbank, (Vaughan) a California seedling (Burbank) of same class
as recently introduced Italian varieties; flowers large, yellow,
lightly dotted scarlet in throat.

California, (Conard & Jones) orange gold.

Capt. Drujon, (France) yellow, lightly streaked dark red.

Champion, (Conard & Jones,) crimson scarlet.

Dr. Masters, (Geo. Paul) yellow, lightly feathered red.

Duchess of Marlborough, (Conard & Jones) rose pink.

Duke of Marlborough, (Conard & Jones) dark crimson, almost
black.

Gloriosa, (Conard & Jones) dark crimson, with wide border of gold-
en yellow.

Golden Pearl, (Conard & Jones) dwarf, yellow with maroon centre.

John White, (White) tricolored foliage.

Little Billee, (Manda) scarlet.

108 APPENDIX.

Lorraine (Conard & Jones,) soft pink, widely bordered with creamy-
white.

Maiden's Bhish, (Conard & Jones) color of Daybreak Carnation.

Manda's Ideal, (Manda) scarlet vermilion.

New Yellow, (Jessamine Gardens) a chance seedling from Mme.
Crozy.

Pillar of Fire, (Conard & Jones) six to seven feet high, crimson
scarlet.

Pres. Yermorel, (France) coppery, salmon and red, dark foliage.

Robert Christie, (Manda) orange vermilion.

Sander's ]Srew Variegated, (Sander) tricolored foliage.

Sunset, (Conard & Jones) creamy yellow, delicately penciled.

Triumph, (Conard & Jones) Flamingo type.

Yellow Crozy, (Vaughan) a Florida seedling (Crane) canary yellow,
faintly dotted red on smallest lower petal.

DAHLIAS.

Antietam, Dec. (Peacock) red.

Apple Blossoms, Fan. (Peacock) red pink and carmine, often lighter

and pink veined.
Clifford W. Bruton, Dec. (Peacock) yellow.
Corinne, Fan. Sing. (Peacock) yellow, striped crimson scarlet.
Density, Pom. (Peacock) pink.
Gilt Edge, Fan. Dec. (Blanc.)

Henry F. Mitchell, Cac. (Peacock) soft yellow to orange red.
Irridescent, Dec. (Peacock.)

Mrs. E. C. Monroe, Dec. (Peacock) sulphur yellow.
Princess Harry, Dec. (Peacock) cream, shading to primrose.
Psyche, Bedder (Peacock) primrose, shaded rose.
Titan, Show Sing. (Peacock) orange scarlet.

GERANIUMS.

Boucharlat's White, double, white.

C. Morel, (Bruant race) semi-double, red.

Col. Gillon, (Bruant race) double, rosy orange, two upper petals

marked dark red.
Cte Hubert le More, (Bruant race) single, pink with white edge.
Dr. McDonald, (Pearson) single, crimson scarlet.
Etoile de Vinne, (Bruant race) single, rosy flesh, bright centre.
Iris, (Pearson) single, maroon crimson.
Kentucky Bell, (Nanz & Neuner) double, white, veined and edged

with red.

APPENDIX. 109

La France, (Lemoine) double, white.

Mme. Eliza Gattel, (Charmet) single, bright rose, two upper petals

feathered white.
N". Castelini, (Boucharlat) double, red.

Prince Henri d' Orleans, (Lemoine) double, rose, shaded salmon.
St. Cecilia, (Pearson) single, salmon, deeper in centre.

BEGOI^IAS.

Captain Holford, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Decorator, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Hatfield Gem, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

John Jacques, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Lady Clare Annesley, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Marginata Illustrata, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Owen Thomas, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Queen Victoria, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Eex, Eevolution, (Hill) foliage whorled, silver zone.

Sander's "White Champion, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

Semperflorens gigantea, Goliath (Lemoine) large flowers, rosy white.

Semperflorens gigantea, Mastodonte (Lemoine) large flowers, soft

rose.
Silver Grey, (Sander) Eex Hybrid,
Silver Tricolor, (Sander) Eex Hybrid,
Vulcan (Semperflorens astrosanguineum), (Burpee).
Waddesden Beauty, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
White Collarette, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Windsor Gem, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Winter White, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.

SWEET PEAS.

Aurora, (Burpee) white, flaked and striped orange salmon.

Bride of i!Tiagara, (Vick.)

Brilliant, (Burpee) crimson scarlet.

Burpee's 'New Countess, (Burpee.)

Creole, (Burpee) lavender and pink.

Columbia, (Hutehins.)

Coronet, (Hutehins.)

Countess of Powis, Eckford.

Countess of Shrewsbury, (Eckford) pink and purple.

Coquette, (Eckford) primrose and rose.

Extra Early Blanche Ferry, (Ferry.)

Golden Gate, (Burpee) mauve and lavender.

Golden Gleam, (Sunset S. & P. Co.) yellowish.

110 APPENDIX.

Lady Nina Balfour, (Eckford.)

Lovely, (Eckford) pink.

Maid of Honor, (Burpee) light blue on white ground.

Mars, (Eckford) crimson.

Prima Donna, (Eckford) pink.

Prince Edward of York, (Eckford.)

Queen Victoria, (Eckford.)

Ked Biding Hood, (Sunset Seed & Plant Co.) flower hooded, pink and

white.
Boyal Eose (Eckford) pink.
Salopian, (Eckford.)
Shahgada, (Eckford.)
Triumph, (Eckford.)

MISCELLANEOUS.

Abutilon Savitzii, variegated foliage.

AMzzia fastigiata, (Eeasoner Bros.)

Anchusa affinis, blue.

Anemone coronaria, fl. pi., The Bride, (Krelage) white.

Anemone f ulgens multipetala, (Krelage) scarlet.

Anthurium Bogotense, (Sander) a Columbian species, foliage deep

green, undulated.
Anthurium Lady Iveagh, (Sander) foliage and habit of A. Andrean-

nm, ivory white and pink spathes, spadix bright red, lower half

shading into orange.
Ardisia polycephala, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Ardisia, species from Jamaica, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Areca Alicise, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Bauhinia, (Eeasoner Bros.) new, pink flowered.
Begonia erecta multiflora, (tuberous) dwarf, flowers double, medium

size.
Bignonia adenophylla, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Bosea Amherstiana, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Cfesrepinia minax, var. curmanica, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Caladium Albanense, (Sander.)
Caladium speciosa, (Sander.)
Caladium venosa, (Sander).
Campanula Japonica, (Japan) semi-double, blue.
Caryopteris mastacanthus candidus, white.
Cereus, . (Eeasoner Bros.) new three-angled.
Cereus, (Eeasoner Bros.) new round stemmed.
Chionodoxa grandiflora alba, (Krelage) white.
Coleus, Black Bedder, (Sander.)
Coleus, Gaiety, (Sander.)
Coleus, Mrs. F. Sander Improved, (Sander.)

APPENDIX. Ill

Coleus, tricolor undnlata, (Sander.)

Cynomelia Americana, (Reasoner Bros.)

Dipladenia speciosa, (Sander) (D. Brearleyana x with an nnnamed
species) rosy pink, deeper toward the edges and in tlie throat; ex-
ternally white, suffused with i)ink.

Erigeron hybridus roseus, purplish rose with yellow disc.

Eriocnenia Fascinator, (Sander.)

Ficus pendunculata (Jessamine Gardens.)

Gladiolus, Queen Wilhelmina, (Krelage) blush.

Gladiolus, Weisse Dame, {White Lady) (Haage & Schmidt.)

Heuchera alba, white.

Hibiscus R. Sinensis, (Reasoner Bros.) single salmon.

Iris Cretensis, Imperatrice Elisabetta, (Krelage) blue.

Ixora Duffii, (Reasoner Bros.)

Liliuni longiflorum albo-marginatum, (Manda) foliage margined

white.
Lygodium Japonicum, (Berger.)
Mapania pandan;efolia, (Sander.)
Michelia champaca, (Reasoner Bros.)
Morinda citrifc^lia, (Reasoner Bros.)
Ophiocaulon gummifera, (Reasoner Bros.)
Pancratium, (Reasoner Bros.) wide leaved.
Petunia, Mrs. Fred Sander, (Sander) double, pink, petals frilled and

deeply cleft.
Philodendron, (Reasoner Bros.) two vars. Jamaica.
Philodendron imperiale var. Laucheana, (Sander) trailing.
Salvia, Manda's Golden Leaved, (Manda) yellow foliage, dwarf,
Sarracenia Sanderre, (Sander) (S. Drummondii alba x S. Cookiana.)
Sarracenia x Sanderiana, (Sander) (S Drummondii rubra x Farn-

hamii.)

Sidalcea Listeri, hardy herbaceous.

Sternbergia macrantha, (Krelage.)

Utricularia Forgetiana, (Sander) violet blue flowers, buff yellow
blotch.

Vitis C'oignetite, hardy climber.

Zinnia Mexicana hybrida, yellow, margined red and violet.

NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE FOR 189S.

Prof. Wm. Trelease, St. Louis, Mo.

Thos. Gunson, Michigan Agricultural College.

Edwin Lonsdaee, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa,

E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind.

Fred Dorner, Lafayette, Ind.

W. R. Smith, Washington, D. C.

E. A. Wood, West Newton, Mass,

Robert Craig, Philadelphia, Pa.

A. M. Herr, Lancaster, Pa.

Robert George, Painesville, O.

Jackson Dawson, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

E. D. Smith, Adrian, Mich.

112 APPENDIX.

rLOEISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.

' The Annual Meeting of the Florists' Hail Association was
held at Music Hall, Providence, R. I., on Wednesday afternoon,
Aug, 18, 1897. President J. M. Jordan being absent, and also
Vice-President J. C. Rennison, the meeting selected J. C. Vaughan
of Chicago as Chairman. The following reports of the Secretary
and Treasurer were read and approved.

secretary's report.

The number of members of the Florists' Hail Association at the
close of this report is 705.

The risks assumed are as follows: Upon 2,488,592 square feet of
single thick glass. Upon 5,741,098 square feet of double thick glass.
An extra one-half insurance upon 136,912 square feet of single thick
glass. An extra one-half insurance upon 239,669 square feet of double
thick glass. An extra whole insurance upon 556,811 square feet of
single thick, and upon 1,122,417 square feet of double thick glass, mak-
ing it equivalent to a single insurance upon 10,097,209 square feet of
glass.

The Eeserve Fund consists of $3,000.00 in bonds and $2,215.26 cash
in hands of the Treasurer.

The amount of Emergency Fund on hand at the close of this re-
port was $3,365.79, making the total cash balance in the hands of the
Treasurer $5,581.05.

The seventh assessment levied March 1, 1897, brought to the treas-
ury $5,353.68.

The expenditures for salary of officers, stationery, advertising,
postage, etc., have been for the year $796.63.

The sum of $2,919.13 has been paid for losses during the year.

36,783 square feet of single thick and 6,232 square feet of double
thick glass, belonging to members, have been broken during the year.

The percentage of loss has been 1 square foot of single thick glass
broken to every 67jfjili feet insured, and 1 square foot of double thick
glass broken to every 921.fiY« square feet insured.

The especial feature this year is : that the loss on double thick glass
. has been unusually small.

The record for satisfactory adjustment of losses remains unbroken,
and notwithstanding universal business depression, the Florists' Hail
Association has grown more rapidly during the past year than at any
time since incorporation, and it closes the tenth year of its existence
with an average gain of insurance upon 1,000,000 square feet of glass
annually.

John G. Esler, Secretary.

appendix. 113

treasurer's report.
1896 Losses.

Aug. 10. George Clark, Denver, Colorado $ 40 28

" 25. C. Burtschy & Bro., St. Bernard, Ohio 30 40

" 25. E. Manthy, Jr., " " 40 25

" 2.5. E. Manthy, Sr., " " 15 00

" 25. August Kahner, Yillisca, Iowa 2 00

" 25. G. Van Bochove & Bro., Kalamazoo, Mich 34 83

Sept. 1. Button Bros., Lake Geneva, Wis 10 50

1. Emil Glauber, Montclair, Col 18 26

" 1. E. W. Bergstrom, Des Moines, Iowa 5 00

" 1. Mrs. R. Mauff. Denver, Col 24 38

1. Colfax Ave. Floral Co., Denver, Col 169 87

" 1. A. Donaghue, Omaha, Nebraska 315 60

1. Paul Paulsen, " " 38 25

1. John Ederer & Son, " " 78 54

" 1. E. C. Erflmger, " " 37 65

" 1. Hess & Swoboda, " " 159 85

" 1. McPherson & Reed, " " 12 16

" 11. Geo. Magri, College Hill, Ohio 14 10

" 11. Augustus Trantman, Weir, Kansas 30 15

" 28. Emil Glauber, Montclair, Col 6 08

Oct. 2. DeWitt Bros., Bristol, Pa 13 23

" 5. Mrs. Margaret Sweeney, Harrisburg, Pa 9 75

" 5. W. H. Druse & Co., Beardstown, 111 12 25

" 9. W. Wood, Trenton, N. J 44 87

1897

Mar. 22. John Lorenze, Des Moines, Iowa 2 70

May 5. Henry Rollinson, " " 7 80

" 5. J. F. Marshall, " " 32 50

" 5. C. Humfeld, Clay Center, Kansas 1,161 42

5. S. D. Brandt, " " 249 00

" 7. August Rahner, A^illisca, Iowa 2 50

" 7. Louis Bauscher, Freeport, 111 3 65

" 7. E. W. Bergstrom, Des Moines, Iowa 76 36

" 10. John Lorenze, " " 5 75

" 17. W. L. Morris, " " 35 37

" 20. L. A. Moore, Plattsmouth, Nebraska 51 53

" 21. E. H. Gilbert, Winfield, Kansas .-. ^. 33 75

June24. A. F. Barbe, Kansas City, Mo 15 84

" 25. Henry Smith, " " 32 05

July 2. Heite Floral Co., " " 21 39

" 12. F. M. Teter, Ottumwa, Iowa 4 80

" 12. Alice Kinney, Old Franklin, Mo 15 67

" 12. Schmalz & Huber, Marysville, Kansas 3 80

$2,919 13

Cr. by overcharged re-insurance 12

$2,919 25

114 APPENDIX.

Expense Account.

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... $ 9 15

Market St. Printing House, envelopes 2 50

American Florist Co., advertising reports, etc 24 85

Southern Florist and Gardener, advertising 1 00

J. M. Jordan, postage and envelopes, 7 00

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 21 75

7 50

7 10

" " " " advertising 7 00

J. M. Jordan, extra services 50 00

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 1 41

1 60

John G. Esler, postage 20 74

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing.... 4 25

Hackensack Republican, envelopes 3 00

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 3 85

Box Eent, Lancaster Trust Co 5 00

Market St. Printing House, envelopes 2 50

" " printing 1 50

Frank Reeder, certificate State of Pennsylvania 10 75

John G. Esler, salary 400 00

Albert M. Ilerr, salary and postage 126 30

J. M. Jordan, " " 54 00

A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., advertising 6 50

" " " " printing 2 16

J. G. Esler, postage 15 22

$ 796 63
Beceipts.

Seventh asssessment $5,353 68

Membership 593 49

School bond - 500 00

Interest on bonds 142 50

First assessment (new) 375 27

First assessment (additional) 277 85

Ex. one-half 32 45

Ex. whole 174 11

Re-insurance ; 43 93

Balance, 1896 1,803 65

$9,296 93
Less expenditures 3,715 88

Total $5,581 05

Amount of bonds, $3,000.

Albert M. Herr, Treasurer.

1896

Sept,

, 1.

"

1.

((

1.

"

28.

Oct.

9.

Nov.

5.

Dec.

28.

18S

•7

Jan.

20.

<(

26.

Feb.

11.

May

7.

<(

20.

Mar.

5.

((

23.

n

30.

Apr.

5.

"

20.

May

14.

<(

26.

June

) 7.

(<

24.

July

7.

"

9.

(<

7.

> (

8.

"

12.

APPENDIX. 115

The following amendment to the By-laws having been recom-
mended by the directors, and notice of same having been served
upon the members, it was taken ujj by the meeting and duly
passed.

Section 6 of Article 12 :

Insurance to be valid as soon as payment of an assessment or
membership fee is in the hands of the Treasurer.

The election for directors resulted in the choice of J. C.
Vaughan of Chicago, Wm. F. Dreer of Philadelphia and Stephen
D. Horan of Bridgeport.

A discussion was had as to the advisability of preparing statis-
tics and the matter was left to the Secretary, after which the
meeting adjourned.

A meeting of the directors was held after adjournment of the
annual meeting and the following officers were elected : J, M. Jor-
dan, President, J. C. Vaughan, Vice-President, and John G. Esler,
Secretary. Albert M. Herr, as Treasurer, holds over. The officers
were instructed to invest the membership fee on hand.

The Secretary was instructed to levy the eighth assessment on
March 1, 1898, unless sooner needed.

The following amendments were then voted for as recommen-
dations for next year's annual meeting.

Section 2 of Article 9 to read

The Secretary shall receive an annual salary of $50.00 for each
million square feet of glass insured.

Section 3 of Article 9 to read

The Treasurer shall receive an annual salary of $20.00 for each
million square feet of glass insured.

Section 4 of Article 9 to read

The President shall receive an annual salary of $7.50 for each
million square feet of glass insured.

John G. Esler, Secretary.

116 AHPENDIX.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

\ Convention Hall, Providence, R. I.,

) August 18, 1897.

The anuual meeting of the Chrysanthemum Society of America
was held on the afternoon of the above date. President Elijah A.
Wood occupied the chair. In the absence of Secretary Elmer D.
Smith, Edwin Lonsdale was, on motion, called upon to act as Secre-
tary, pro tern.

The Secretary's report on being read was ordered, on motion of
Eugene Dailledouze, to be accepted and placed on file.

The report of the Treasurer was ordered to take same course.

On motion of G. L. Grant, it was ordered that information con-
cerning awarding of certificates be published in the trade papers only
through the Secretary, and that the judges be instructed not to give
out the number of points scored by any variety examined by them.

On motion of G. L. Grant, it was ordered that the Secretary be
paid an annual salary of fifty dollars ($50.00).

A motion as to a new standing rule was offered by Mr. Grant, as
follows: Protests against any award of the judges must be submitted
in writing to the Secretary before January first following the date of
the award protested. The Secretary shall refer the same to the Exec-
utive Committee who shall take action on same as early as possible.
Carried.

It was ordered on motion of Eugene Dailledouze that the Secretary
(Mr. Smith) be authorized to have printed blank certificates from old
designs, enough for the current year.

It was on motion agreed to reduce the annual dues to one dollar

($1.00).

Mr. G. L. Grant moved that the Society offer annually a Silver
Cup, to be known as the Chrysanthemum Society of America Cup —
value twenty dollars ($20.00) — for best six distinct varieties of Chrys-
anthemums, six flowers of each; to be competed for at various cities
where exhibitions are regularly held, one city each year; the awards to
be made by judges appointed by the officers of this Society. Said exhi-
bition to be held on or about October 20th in each year. Carried.

Mr. Dailledouze moved that the first exhibition be held in New
York, during the present year. Carried.

Election of officers resulted as follows:

President — Elijah A. Wood, West ISTewton, Mass.
Vice- President — E. G. Hill, Richmond, Iiid.
iSecretary — Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich.
Treasurer — John N. May, Summit, N. J.

appendix. 117

secretary's report.
Of the ninety-seven seedlings exhibited before the Committees,
fiftj^-four scored eighty-five points and over and have been awarded
certificates. The varieties are as follows: Yellow Monarch, Midge,
Elveua, Elainora, J. H. Woodford, The Barrington, Mrs. J. ^Vithe^s-
Mrs. R. D. Douglas, Eureka. Gold Standard, Belle of Castlewood, M.
M. Wallace, T. B. Morse, C. W. Wood, Evangeline, Leonidas, Defend,
er, George S. Kalb, Onito, Casco, Florence Harris, Merula, iSTumber
Eleven, Golden Harvest, Lawn Tennis, Mrs. Trainor, L. Park, Miss
Lottie D. Berry, Halcyon, F. A. Spaulding, Madeline Pratt, Mrs.
Colonel Goodman, Eobert Egerton, Thomas Monahan, Miss Helen
Trotter, The Times, Mrs. John J. Glissner, Chito, Surprise, (importa-
tion), Mrs. Theo. Beckert, Lorlei, Adelaide, Marsia Jones, Mavourneen,
Maud Adams, Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Western King, Kentucky,
Virgin, Mrs. R. McArthur, Castleton,Th anksgiving, Dorotiiy Devens,
Mildred, The Harriott.

LIST OF MEMBERS, 1897-8.

CALIFORNIA.

Sidney Clack, Menlo Park, Vice-President.

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park.
Johnson, Frank, Menlo Park,

Box 49.
Krauss, F. G., Menlo Park,
Lee, Thos., Del Monte Garden,

Monterey.
Masson, Jas., Menlo Park.

Mitchell, Wm., Menlo Park.
ISTunn, Geo., Menlo Park.
Rock, Peter, Menlo Park.
Sievers, J. H., 25 Post st., San

Francisco.
Vallance, Jas., Livermore

COLORADO.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte
ave., Colorado Springs.

Wise, L. H., 3234 Elizabeth st.,
Denver.

CONNECTICUT.

Mrs. H. E. Charter, Meriden, Vice-President.

Austin, Ed., Suffleld. [don.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, New Lon-
Brainard, Chas., Thompsonville.
Brainard, D. Wm., Pease st.,

Thompsonville.
Champion, J. 'N., IS'ew Haven.
Charter, Mrs. H. E., Meriden.
Coombs, John, 118 Benton st.,

Hartford.
Ernst, Otto J., Est. G. Gednl-

dig, IS'orwich.

Hill, Morris A., Ansonia.
Horan, Stephen D., Bridgeport.
Eeck, John, Bridgeport.
Eowden, Geo. H., Wallingford,
Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., oSTor-

wich.
Spalding, John, 'New London.
Taylor, Edw. J., Southport.
Whiting, A., Farmington ave.,

Hartford.

DELAWARE.

Baylis, L. E., 32d and Market st., Wilmington.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

W. H. King, Langdon, Vice-President.

Durfee, Benj., Washington.
Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M.

Sts., N. E., Washington.
Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,

Washington.
Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F st.,

Washington. - [ington.
Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F st., Wash-

Hitz, John, 917 R. st., K. W.,

Washington.
King, W. H., Langdon.
Reynolds, C. Leslie, Botanic

Garden, Washington.
Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden,

Washington.

FLORIDA.

Shepard, W. 0. H., Pensacola.

APPENDIX.

119

GEORGIA.

Guien, A., 1483 Broad St., Au-
gusta.

Oelschig, A. C, 30i Bull st., Sa-
vannah.
Thaden, Herman, Atlanta

ILLINOIS.

J. Y. Merriox, Chicago, Vice-President.

Baur, S. A., Rockford.

Brown, A. C, Springfield.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.

Chadwick, W. H., 402 Rialto,
Chicago.

Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.

Grant, G. L., 322 Dearborn St.,
Chicago.

Heller, J. A., 1117 JSTorth 8th St.,
Quincy.

Ivanst, Fred, South Park, Chi-
cago.

King, F. J., Ottawa.

Lynch, W. E., 19-21 Randolph
St., Chicago.

Merrion, J. V., Chicago.
Phelps, H. L., Springfield.
Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark

St., Chicago.
Rudd, W. ]Sr., Mt. Greenwood.
Rupp, K. J., 297-307 Hawthorne

ave., Chicago.
Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont

ave., Chicago.
Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st.,

Chicago.
Yaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph

St., Chicago.
Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st.,

Chicago.
Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs

INDIANA.

W. J. Yesey, Fort Wayne, Vice-President.

Bertermann, John, Indianapolis.
Bertermann, William G., In-
dianapolis.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.
Carmody, J. D., Evansville.
Coles, W. W., Kokomo.
Dorner, Fred, Lafayette.

Evans, J. A., Richmond.
Gause, G. R., Richmond
Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.
Rieman, H. W., Indianapolis.
Yesey, W. J., Fort Wayne.
Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois
sts., Indianapolis.

IOWA.

J. C. Rennison, Vice-President.

Bahr, F. G., Davenport.
Greene, W., Box 58, Davenport.
Harkett, W. A., Dubuque.
Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa.
Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Rap-
ids.

Laisle, Christ, Keokuk.
Rennison, J. C., Sioux City.
Temple, J. T., Davenport.
Wilcox, J. F., Council BlufCs.

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott.

KANSAS.

I Whitcomb, A., Lawrence.

KENTUCKY.

A. Galt Robinson, Louisville, Vice-President.

Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville.
Coenen, Jos., Louisville.
Moulder, Geo. B., Lily Park,

Smith's Grove.
Power, E., Frankfort.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville.
Schultz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave.,

Louisville.
Shuman, Julius, Newport.

120

Maitre, K., New Orleans

APPENDIX.
LOUISIANA.

MAINE.

H. W. Dyer, South Portland, Vice-President.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland.
Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Con-
gress St., Portland.

Dyer, H. W., South Portland.
Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham.

MARYLAND.

R. YiKCENT, Jr., White Marsh P. O., Vice-President.

Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac
St., Hagerstown.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles
St., Baltimore.

Donn, John, Erdman ave., Bal-
timore.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Bal-
timore.

Halliday, Robt., 11 E. Baltimore
St., Baltimore.

Millinan, F. X., Green st. sta-
tion, Cumberland.

Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexing-
ton St., Baltimore.

Yincent, R., Jr., White Marsh,
P. O., Baltimore Co.

Weber, Wm., Oakland.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Lawrence Cotter, Dorchester and P. J. Donohue, Lenox,

Vice-Presidents.

Anderson, George M., Wayside
Farm, Milton.

Anderson, Jas., Swampscott.

Beals, E. B., Greenfield.

Becker, Frank, 1730 Cambridge
St., Cambridge.

Blomberg, Carl, No. Easton.

Bock, W. A., North Cambridge.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing-
ham.

Cameron, Robt., Botanic Garden,
Cambridge,

Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street,
South Boston.

Clark, John, Jos. Breck & Sons
Corp., Boston.

Comley, James, Lexington.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury.

Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester.

Cox, Thomas A., Olney st.. Dor-

Crawford, H. F., 975 N. Main st.,

Brockton.
Dawson, Jackson, Jamaica Plain
Donald, Wm., Corey st., W. Rox-

bury.
Donoghue, P. J., Lenox.
Doyle, W. E., 43 Tremont street,

Boston.

Edgar, William W., Waverly.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st.,
Roxbury.

Fairbank, A. N., Webster.

Farquhar, Robt., 16 So. Market
St., Boston.

Fewkes, A. H., Newton High-
lands.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale.

Foster, L. H., 45 King st., Dor-
chester.

Fuller, J., Leominster.

Galvin, John, 124 Tremont st.,
Boston.

Gilmore, A. S., Westboro.

Goodell, L. W., Dwight.

Gordon, Geo., Beverly.

Grey, Thos. J., 49 and 50 So.
Market st., Boston.

Guinevan, D. H., Beverly.

Habison, Geo., Brighton.

Hayden, E., Marblehead.

Haynes, J. C, Boston.

Hoibrow, C. E., Brighton.

Hutson, A. R., Brighton.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley.

Hews, A. H., North Cambridge.

Hopkins, Frank E., Salem.

Howard, J. W., Somerville.

Huss, J. F., Veutfort Hall, Lenox.

Ingram, Chas., Reading.

APPEJfDIX.

121

MASSACHUSETTS - Continued.

Ireland, K. D., 246 Boylston st.

Boston.
Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence.
King, Geo. T., 145 Arlington st.,

Hyde Park.
Knapp, W. H., Xewtonville.
Lange, Albert H., Worcester.
Lange, Carl C, AVorcester.
Lange, H. F. A., Worcester.
Leveque, Thos. A., 672 E. Globe

St., Fall Eiver.
Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox.
Mann, Mary 8., Florence.
Manning, J.Woodward, Reading,
Manning, W. H., 125Tremontst.,

Boston.
Marshall, Chas. L., Lowell.
Martin, Wm. J., Milton.
Mathison, Fred K., Waltliam.
Mavnard, Prof. S. T., Amherst.
McCarthy, I>r. F„ 84 Hawley st.,

Boston.
McCarthy, T. F., Boston.
McMulkin, Edw. J., 124 Tremont

St., Boston.
Meyer, J. C, 87 Sumner street,

Boston.
Miller, James L., 882 Western

ave., Lvnn.
Miller, Wm., 882 Western ave.,

Lvnn.
Molloy, William F., Wellesley.
Montgomery, Alexander, Natick.
Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr.,

Natick.
Moseley, F. C, Neponset.
Murdock, H. L., West Gardner.
Newman, J. R., Winchester.
Nichol, Jas., 29 Coddington st.,

Qiiincy.
Nicholson, William, Framing-
ham.
Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley,

Boston.
O'Brien, Chas. J., 63 Union st.,

Jamaica Plain.
Ormsby, E. A., Melrose.
Palmer, Ernest B., No. Easton.
Pasell, F. H., New Bedford.
Patten, Geo. W., Lowell.
Patten, M. A., Lowell.

Paul, Jas. R., Shadow Brook Gar-
den, Lenox

Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park,
Boston.

Pierce, William, 232 Union st.,
New Bedford.

Playdon, J. H., 35 Lowell St.,
Andover.

Rea, Chas. IL, Norwood.

Rea. Frederick J., Norwood.

Riebe, F. C, Webster.

Rose, Edwin F., Bay st., Taun-
ton.

Roy, D. F., Maiden.

Russell, Chas. R., Stockbridge.

Shaw, Chas. F., No. Abington.

Slinn, Jas., Fall River.

Stafford, Wm.. Fall River.

Stearns, Geo. H., Greenfield.

Stewart, William J., 67 Brom-
field St., Boston.

Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Brom-
fleld St., Boston.

Tailby, W. W., Wellesley.

Thompson, Geo. N., Lenox.

Tucker, Harry A., Ware .

Walsh, M. H., AVoods Holl.

Warburton, C., 81 New Boston
Road, Fall River.

Ward, W. S., Salem.

Welch, D., 15 Province st., Bos-
ton.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province st.,
Boston.

AVelch, P., 15 Province st., Bos-
ton.

White, John, Pittsfield.

Whitney, Chas. A., Upton.

AVieland, Philip, Park Dept.,
Boston.

Wingate, Chas. E., 8 "Fulton st.,
Lawrence.

Winkler, Edw., AYakefiekl.

AVonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleas-
ant ave., E. Gloucester.

AYood, E. A., AVest Newton.

AA^ood, E. M., Natick.

AA^ood, Harvey C'AA^est Newton.

AA'oodford, J. H., Horticultural
Hall, Boston.

Zirngiebel, D., Needham.

MICHIGAN.

Thomas Gunson, Agricultural College, Vice-President.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit.
Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit.
Brogan, Thos., 26 South Univer-
sity ave., Ann Arbor.

Browne, Thos. F., Greenfield.
Frueh, Chas., Jr., East Side,
Saginaw. [lege, P. O.

Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col-

122

APPENDIX.
MICHIGAN - Continned.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.
Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward
ave., Detroit.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street,

Detroit.
Van Bochove, J. K., Kalamazoo.

MINNESOTA.

Fred Busch, Minneapolis, Vice-President.

Busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale ave.

So., Minneapolis.
May, L. L., St. Paul.

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott ar-
cade, St. Paul.
Wunder, John, Winona.

MISSOURI.

C. A. KuEHN, St. Louis, Vice-President.

Armstrong, Luther, Kirkwood.
Brown, D. S., 2212 De Kalb st.,

St. Louis. [City.

Brown, E. S., Box 99, Kansas
Fillmore, F. J., Is'ebraska ave..

South St. Louis.
Gurney, Jas., Botanic Garden,

St. Louis.
Irish, H. C, Botanic Garden, St.

Louis.
Jordan, J. M., 70G Olive st., St.

Louis.
Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South

14th St., St. Louis.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St.

Louis.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill.
Micliel, E. H., Magnolia and

Tower Grove ave., St. Louis.

Mische, Emil, Botanic Garden,

St. Loiiis.
Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn. ave.,

St. Louis.
Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave.,

St. Louis.
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,

St. Louis.
Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri

Botanic Garden, St. Louis .
Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest-
nut St., St. Louis.
Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St.

Louis.
Wors, C. W., 313 No. Leffingwell

ave., St. Louis.
Young, Wm. C, 5507 Waterman

ave., St. Louis.

NEBRASKA.

W. J. Hesser, Plattsmouth, Vice-President.

Donaghue A., 1514 Dodge st.,

Omaha.
Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth.

Taylor, F. W., Paxton Bldg.,
Omaha.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

F. W. Pane, Durham, Vice-President.

Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry.
Ellis, Marcus, Keene.
Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua.
Hoitt, C. W., Nashua.
Karlson, H., Exeter.

Paterson, Eobt., care Hon. Frank
Jones, Portsmouth.

Rane, F. W., Agricultural Col-
lege, Durham.

NEIV JERSEY.

L. B. CODDiNGTON, Murray Hill and A. Herrington, Madison,

Vice-Presidents.

Asmus, Ernst, West Hoboken.
Asnius, Kudolpli, New Durham.
Atkins, F. L., Short Hills.

Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford.
Boehler, Oscar, AV. Hoboken.
Bunyard, H. A., Short Hills.

APPENDIX.

123

NEW JERSEY - Continued.

Butterback, N"., Oceanic.
Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill.
Dressel, F., Weehawken.
Du Eie, W. B., Railway
Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton.
Eisele, J. D., Eiverton.
Esler, Andrew, Saddle River.
Esler, John G., Saddle River.
Herringtoii, A., Madison.
Howatt, D. E., 148-156 Randolph

ave., Jersey City.
Hulsebosch, A., Englewood.
Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth.
Lager, John E., Short Hills.
Leuly, E., West Hoboken.
Lovett, J. T., Little Silver.
Macrorie, D., So. Orange.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright.

Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South
Orange.

Manda, W. A., South Orange.

May, J. N., Summit.

Mott, Walter, Riverton.

Xash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.

Noe, L. M., Madison.

O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey
City.

Ouwerkerk, P., 206 Cambridge
ave., Jersey City.

Patch, Thos., Short Hills.

Roehrs, Julius, Carlton Hill.

Steinhoff, Herman C, West Ho-
boken.

Strohlein, George A., Riverton.

Turnley, C. William, Haddon-
field.

NE'W YORK.

Alex. Wallace, I^ew York City and W. F. Kasting, Buffalo,

Vice-Presidents.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park.

Allen, R. W., Hudson.

Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer st.,
Xew York.

Ashmead, C. W., care of H. M.
Johnson, Bayshore, L. I..

Barclay, John, 54 Dey st.. New
York.

Barrj% AVilliam C, Rochester.

Bennett, George E., 382 Clark-
son St., Brooklvn.

Boddington, A. T.', 503 W. 13th
St., New York.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside

Burr, M. L., Sawens.

Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union
St., Yonkers.

Childs, J. Lewis, Floral Park.

Cleary, J. P., 60 Yesey st., New
York.

Cooke, Thos. N., White Plains.

Cottam, Geo. T. N., 344 Pine st..
New York.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden,
Buffalo.

Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush.

Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbiish.

Dailledouze, Paul," Flatbush.

Dean, James, Babylon.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander
Building, New York.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie.

Dingwall, John, Troy Road, Al-
bany.

Donaldson, John, Newtown,
Long Island.

Eckard,"Geo., 321 E. North st.,
Buffalo.

Eger, William C, 825 Union st.,
Schenectady.

Elliott, W. J., 54 Dey st.. New
York.

Florey, James, Medina.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarry-
town.

Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty st.,
New York.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.

Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill.

Harmon, H. W., Sawens.

Hatcher, John C., Amsterdam.

Henderson, Alfred, 35-37 Cort-
landt St., New York.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort-
landt St., New York.

Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar-
dens, Bronx Park, NewYork.

Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott
Road, Buffalo.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th
St., New York.

Hoffman, H. N., Elmira.

Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th st.,
NewYork.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whit-
ney ave., Olean.

Joosten, C. H., 193 Greenwich
St., New York.

124

APPENDIX.

NEW^ YORK - Continued.

Kadletz, J., Doiigan Hills.
Kasting, W. F., 495 Washington

St., Buffalo.
Katoll, Fred, 121 Linwood ave.,

Buffalo.
Keller, Fred, Bay Kidge.
Keller, J. M., Bay Kidge.
Knickman, C. B., 404 E. 34th st.,

New York.
Knight, C. W., Glen Cove.
Koft'man, E., Walden, Orange

Co.
Krause, H. M., Glen Island.
Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West

Nyack.
Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway,

Brooklyn.
Kromback, Charles, 181 25th st.,

Brooklyn.
Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pL,

Brooklyn.
Logan, Jas. M., White Plains.
Long, D. B., Buffalo.
Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie.
MacDonald, Peter, 50 W. 30th

St., New York.
Mackay, Andrew, Monroe.
Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace,

Brooklyn.
Marc, C. J., Woodside.
McMillan, William, Buffalo.
Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush.
Merwin, R. L., 88 Wall st.. New

York.
Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn.
Nelson, A., care F. R. Pierson

Co., Tarry town.
Neubrand, E. W., Tarry town.
Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, New

York.
O'Hora, Wm., Huntington Har-
bor.
Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf-
falo.
Palmer, W. J., Jr., 304 Main st.,

Buffalo.
Parker, T., 32 So. 6th street,

Brooklyn.
Penman, J. Arnot, 7 Warren st..

New York.
Pettigrew, J. A., Park Depart-
ment, Brooklyn.
Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown.
Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough.
Plumb, Wm., Throgg's Neck.
Powell, I. L., Millbrook.
Quinlan, P. R., Syracuse.
Rath, H. C, Flushing.

Rawson, G. P., Elmira.
Reynolds, Herbert J., 136 W.

W. Pulteney St., Corning.
Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st.,

New York
Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey st., New

York.
Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey st.,

New York.
Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson street,

Brooklyn.
Scott, John, Keap st., Brooklyn
Scott, William, 479 Main st.,

Buffalo.
Scott, AY. B., Buffalo.
Sexton, S. B., Hyde Park.
Shanley, James, 216 25th street,

Brooklyn.
Shaw, J. Austin, 926 Fulton st.,

Brooklyn.
Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.,

New York.
Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle.
Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Ro-
chelle.
Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria.
Smith, John, Bayside.
Snyder, Anthony J., 215 25th st.,

Brooklyn.
Steffens, N., 335 East 21st st.,

New York.
Storm, F. A., Bayside.
Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon.
Swan, W. L., Oyster Bay.
Sykes, G., 160 5t"h ave.. New York
Taylor, J. H., Bayside.
Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st.,

New York.
Thrall, A. L., Jamestown.
Troy, J. H., 365 5th ave.. New

York.
Turner, Wm., Tarrytown.
Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander

Building, New York.
Ward, C. W., Queens.
Weathered, C. B., 143 Centre st,

New York.
Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers st.,

New York.
Weimar, E. W., Mt. Vernon.
Weir, Fred, Bay Ridge, L. I.
Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st,

Brooklyn.
Wincott, Wm., Effingham Park,

Bal)ylon.
Withers, J. W., Rhinelander

Building, New York.

APPENDIX.

125

HHW YORK

"VVollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th

St., Brooklyn.
Wood, L. E., Fishkill.
Young, Thomas, Jr., 43 West 28th

St., New York.

Continued.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts ave.,
Brooklyn.

Zeller. Charles, Lefferts ave.,
Brooklj'n.

Zeller, Emil, Lefferts ave., Brook-
lyn.

NORTH CAROLINA.

Bottomley, Eobert, Biltmore. I Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte

Deake, J. W. C, Asheville. st., Asheville.

OHIO.

E. H. CusHMAN, Euclid and H. H. Bitter, Dayton, Vice-Presidents.

Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main st.,

Dayton.
Aul, Fred, Glenville.
Bartels, E. C, care J. M. Gasser,

Cleveland.
Batten, C. S., So. Charlestown.
Baur, P. J., 151 Ansel ave.,

Cleveland.
Bayer, Geo., Toledo.
Beck, Chas., National Military

Home, Montgomery Co.
Berno, Ed., Mansfield.
Betscher, C, Canal Dover.
Bonsai, J. E., Salem.
Brown, Chas., Canton.
Brown, Karl, Columbus.
Charlesworth, D., 774 Doane st.,

Cleveland.
Congdon, A. E., Oberlin.
Cushman, E. H., Euclid.
Dean, Geo. W., Kent. [land.

Eadie, Jas., 97 Euclid ave., Cleve-
Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave.,

Cleveland.
Fassett, M. E., Ashtabula.
Gaskill, G. W., 212 No. Toledo

ave., Warren.
Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave.,

Cleveland.
George, E. B., Painesville.
George, Kobert, Painesville.
Giesy, E. H., Lockland.
Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati.
Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave.,

Cleveland.
Hagenburger, C, Mentor.
Hall, W. E., Clyde.
Hart, H. A., 1262-1272*Detroit st.,

Cleveland.
Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st.,

Toledo.
Hippard, E., Youngstown.

Hoyt, A. T., Warren.
Imiay, John D., Zanesville.
Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala.
Knopf, Albert, Columbus.
Kramer, L. R., Wooster.
Krebs, John, 1609 Loraine st..

Cleveland.
Lamborn, Leroy L., Alliance.
McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut

St., Cincinnati.
McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and

Walnut sts., Cincinnati.
Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park J'l.,

Newark.
Murphy. Wm., Station F, Cin-
cinnati.
Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic

St., Cleveland.
Porter, AV. A., "W^ooster.
Remagen, ,7. W., Lima.
Eitter, F. W., Sr., 435 W. North

ave., Davton.
Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North

ave., Dayton.
Sandiford, R"obt., Mansfield.
Schmitt. A., Glenville.
Si grist, J. H,, Toledo.
Simmons, A. T., Geneva.
Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit st.,

Toledo.
Ulrich, Lewis, Tiffin.
Underwood, W. H., Columbus.
Werner, Wm. C. Painesville.
Wilhelmy, C. B., Pearl st., Cleve-
land.
Wilson, Mrs. Ella Grant, G06

Jennings ave., Cleveland.
Witterstaetter, A., Toledo.
Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams-

ville.
Witthuhn, Fred, cor. Pearl st.,

and Dover ave., Cleveland.

126

APPENDIX.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Jos. Heacock, Wyncote and Gustave Litdwig, Allegheny,
Vice-Preside7its.

Anderson, George, 5230 Wood-
land ave., Philadelphia.

Bader, John, Allegheny.

Baker, Phebe A., Media.

Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq.,
Philadelphia.

Ball, Charles D., Holmeshurg.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phil-
adelphia.

Beam, David, Bala P. O., near
Philadelphia.

Beatty, H. B., Oil City.

Becker, H. H., Oak Lane, Station
A, Philadelphia.

Beckert, Theodore P., Glenfleld.

Berry, Robt. E., Torresdale.

Blind, H. L., West View.

Burke, Geo. W., Dept. of Parks,
Pittsburg.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue Post Office,
Allegheny County.

Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Wil-
low sts., Philadelphia.

Burton, John, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia.

Bxitz, Geo. C, State College,
Centre Co.

Campbell, Edw., Ardmore.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia.

Cartledge, Thomas, 1514 Chest-
nut St., Philadelphia.

Connell, Benj., West Grove.

Connor, D. T., Lansdowne.

Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol
sts., Philadelphia.

Craig, Geo., 211 South 11th st.,
Philadelphia.

Craig, Robert, 49th and Market
sts., Philadelphia.

Crall, Chas. S., Monongahela.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg.

Downs, Alex., Wissahickon Hts.
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Dreer, William E., 714 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia.

Eicholz, Henry, Waynesboro.

Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson
sts., Philadelphia.

Eisele, John G., 20th. and Onta-
rio sts., Philadelphia.

Evenden, Geo. W., 408 East 3d
St., Williamsport.

Eahrenwald, Adolph, Wyncote
P. 0., Mont. Co.

Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks,
Pittsburg.

Fancourt, George E., Wilkes-
barre.

Habermehl, John P., 22d and
Diamond sts., Philadelphia.

Hageman, Wm., 18th and Dau-
phin sts., Philadelphia.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane,
Frankford, Philadelphia .

Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fair-
mount ave.

Harper, Wm. Warner, Chestnut
Hill, Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., 55th st. and
Springfield ave., Philadelphia

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.

Henkel, Fred, West View.

Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338,
Lancaster.

Herron, John, Allegheny. [Co.

Hess, Chas. C, Phillipsburg, Ctr.

Hostetter, E. P., Manheim.

Joyce, Morris A., Pottsville.

Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia.

Kift, Joseph, Westchester.

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut st.,
Philadelphia.

Kleinhans, Howard P., Easton,

Kletzly, J., Verona.

Krueger, Augustus, Meadville.

Langhans, T. P., 190 North Ave.,
Allegheny.

Lauch, Wm. F., Carrick P; O.,
Allegheny.

Leow, Wm., 84 East st., Alle-
gheny.

Loban, John, Harrisburg.

Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia.

Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny.

Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny.
Market, Allegheny.

Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny.

Lvnch, P. J., West Grove.

Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st.,
Philadelpia.

Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster.

McFarland, J. Horace, Harris-
burg.

McLean, Geo., 4217 Haverford
ave., Philadelphia.

Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st.,
Philadelphia.

APPENDIX.

127

PENNSYLVANIA - Continued.

Miller, -J. P., Allegheny.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville.

Moon, W. H., Morrisville.

Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield
St., Pittsburg.

O'Brien, M. I., Sharon.

Oesterle, George, So. Highland
and Baum sts., Pittsburg.

Paget, John, Lochiel Park, Har-
risburg.

Pennoek, C. J., Kennett sq.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry st.,
Allegheny.

Rice, M., 25 N". 4th St., Philadel-
phia.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford.

Rohrer, A. D., Lancaster.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster.

Rosen gren, J. A., Monongahela
City.

Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Phila-
delphia.

Rutty, J., 517 Banango st., Phil-
adelphia.

Schmid, Louis, DeHaven P. O.,
Allegheny Co.

Schwartz, J., Brighton Road,
Allegheny City.

Schroyer, Geo. W., Lancaster.

Scott,' A. B., 19th and Catharine
sts., Philadelphia.

Shellem. John A., 17th and
Tasker sts., Philadelphia.

Shelmire, W. R., Avondale.

Sibson, J. F., Gerniantown.

Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave.,
Station B., Pittsburg.

Skidelsky. S. S., 1201 X. 25th st.,
Philadelphia.

Smith, A.W., Boggs ave., Pitts-
burg.

Strong, 0. H., Oil City.

Swayne, William, Kennett sq.

Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.

Tong, Herbert, Erie.

Walker, John, 49th and Market
sts., Philadelphia.

AVatson, George C, 43 X. 10th
St., Philadelphia.

Wescott, John, Ridge and Le-
high aves., Philadelphia.

Wescott, William H., Ridge and
Lehigh aves., Philadelphia.

Wildey, J. L.. 2752 Howard st.,
Philadelphia.

Williams, E. W., Pittsburg.

Wilson, Davis, Chester.

Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com-
merce St., Harrisburg.

Wintzer, A., West Grove.

Young, John W., Frank st.,
Germantown.

RHODE ISLAND.

Thos. J. Gibson, iSTewport, Vice-President.

Appleton, W., Jr., 294 Broad-
way, Providence.

Butcher, William, 20 Pitman st.,
Providence.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.

Chappell, W. E. 333 Branch ave.,
Providence.

Christie, Robt., Newport.

Cowles, Jas. S., Newport.

Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave.,
Newport.

Greene, R. W., Warwick.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl st..
Providence.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport.

Laurie, Robt., Newport.

Leach, Herbert A., Pawtucket.
Leach, M. J., Pawtucket.
MacLellan, Alex, Ruggles ave.,

Newport.
Martin, Alvertus, 147 Waterman

St., Olneyville.
Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith

St., Providence.
Millar, A., -595 Pawtucket ave.,

Pawtucket.
Munroe, W. Graham, By-the-Sea,

Newport.
Rennie, A. M., 6 Exchange place,

Providence.
Renter, S. J., Westerly.

TENNESSEE.

Meyer, Herman, Carthage.

128

Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City.

APPENDIX.
UTAH.

VERMONT.

D. McGiLLiVRAY, Brattleboro, Vice-President.

Eay, P. J., Shelburne.
Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock.
McGillivray, D., Brattleboro.

Wilson, John, 124 Church st.,
Burlington.

VIRGINIA.

Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville. | Whelan, F. A., Mt. Yernon.

"WEST VIRGINIA.

Heihle, G. Adolph, Parkersburg.

WISCONSIN.

C. C. POLLWOKTH, Milwaukee, Vice-President,

Ellis, AV. H., 137 Oneida st., Mil-
waukee.

Freytag, J., Forest Home ave.,
Milwaukee.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac.

Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main
St., Racine.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Mil-
waukee.

Salzer, John A., La Crosse.

Turner, Lewis, Kenosha.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt
ave., Milwaukee.

Zweifel, X., 14th st. and Groel-
ing ave., Milwaukee.

DOMINION OF CANADA

ONTARIO.

"VV. Gammage, London, Vice-President.

Ewing, A. H., I^ormal School,

Toronto.
Foster, F. G., Jr., 72 King st.,

W., PLamilton.
Gammage, W., 213 Dundas st.,

London.

Humber, J. W., 119 Dundas st.,
London.

McLean, H. C, St. Thomas.

Pegler, John, Ealing P. O., Lon-
don.

QUEBEC.

Campbell, C, 48 Beaver Hall Hill, Montreal.

IRELAND.

Dickson, Hugh, 55 Royal ave., Belfast.

BELGIUM.

D'Heleneveld, C. H., Contich.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEMBERS.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y.

Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y.

Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main st.,
Dayton, O.

Anderson, George, 5230 Wood-
land ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Anderson, George M., Wayside
Farm, Milton, Mass.

Anderson, Jas., Swampscott,
Mass.

Appleton, W., Jr., 294 Broad-
way, Providence, R. I.

Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer st.,
New York, N. Y.

Armstrong, Luther, Kirkwood,
Mo.

Ashmead, C. W., care of H. M.
Johnson, Bayshore, L. I.,
N. Y,

Asmus, Ernst, West Hoboken,
N. J. [N. J.

Asmns, Rudolph, New Durham,

Atkins, F. L., Short Hills, N. J.

Aul, Fred, Glennville, O.

Austin, Ed., Suffield, Conn.

Bader, John, Allegheny, Pa.
Bahr, F. G., Davenport, la.
Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Baker, Phebe A., Media, Pa.
Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg,

Pa.
Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phil-
adelphia, Pa.
Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich.
Barclay, John, 54 Dey st., New

York, N. Y.
Barry, William C, Rocliester,

N, Y.
Bartels, F. C, care J. M. Gasser,

Cleveland, O.
Batten, C. S., So. Charlestown, O-
Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville,

Ky.
Baur, P. J., 151 Ansel ave.,

Cleveland, O.
Baur, S. A., Rockford, HI.
Bayer, Geo., Toledo, O.
Baylis, L. E., 32d and Market

sts., Wilmington, Del.
Beals, E. B., Greenfield, Mass.
Beatty, H. B., Oil City, Pa.

Beck, Chas., National Military

Home, Montgomery Co., O.
Becker, Frank, 1730 Cambridge

St., Cambridge, Mass.

Becker, H. H., Oak Lane, Station

A, Philadelphia, Pa. [Pa.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield,

Beam, David, Bala P. O., near

Philadelphia. Pa.
Bennett, George E., 382 Clark-
son St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Berno, Ed., Mansfield, O.
Berry, Robt. E., Torresdale, Pa.
Bertermann, John, Indianapolis,

Ind.
Bertermann, William G., Tn-

dianapolis, Ind.
Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac

St., Hagerstown, Md.
Betscher, C, Canal Dover, O.
Bindloss, T. Palmer, New Lon-
don, Conn.
Blind, H. L., West View, Pa.
Blomberg, Carl, No. Easton,

Mass.
Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford,

N. J.
Bock, W. A., North Cambridge,

Mass.
Boddington, A. T., 503 W. 13th

St., New York, N. Y.
Boehler, Oscar, W, Hoboken,

N. J.
Bonsai, J. E., Salem, O.
Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore,

N. C.
Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass.
Brainard, Chas., Thompsonville,

Conn.
Brainard, D. Wm., Pease st.,

Thompsonville, Conn.
Breed, E. W., Clinton. Mass.
Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit,

Mich.
Brogan, Thos., 26 South Univer-
sity ave., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Brown, A. C, Springfield, 111.
Brown, Chas., Canton, O.
Brown, D. S., 2212 DeKalb st.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Brown, Karl, Columbus, O.
Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas
City, Mo.

130

APPENDIX.

Browne, Thos. ¥., Greenfield,
Mich.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford, 111.

Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart,

Bunyard, H. A., Short Hills,
N. J.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue Post Office,
Allegheny County, Pa.

Burke, (leo. W., Dept. of Parks,
Pittsburg, Pa. [N. Y.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside,

Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Wil-
low sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Burr, M. L., Sawens, ]S'. Y.

Burton. John, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale ave.
So., Minneapolis, Minn.

Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union
St., Yonkers, N. Y.

Butcher, William, 20 Pitman st.,
Providence, R. I.

Butterback, I^., Oceanic, i!^. J.

Butter worth, J. T., So. Framing-
ham, Mass.

Butz, Geo. C, State College,
Centre Co., Pa.

Byrnes, Peter S.,Wickford, R. I.

Cameron, Robt., Botanic Garden,

Cambridge, Mass.
Campbell, C, 48 Heaver Hall

Hill, Montreal, Que.
Campbell, Edw., Ardmore, Pa.
Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind.
Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut

St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Cartledge, Thomas, 1514 Chest-
nut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Chadwick, W. H., 402 Rialto,

Chicago, 111.
Champion, J. N., New Haven,

Conn.
Chappell, W. E., 333 Branch ave..

Providence, R. I.
Charlesworth, D., 774 Doane st.,

Cleveland, O.
Charter, Mrs. H. E., Meriden,

Conn.
Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry, N. H.
Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton,

Mass. [N. Y.

Childs, J. Lewis, Floral Park,
Christie, Robt., Newport, R. I.
Clack, Sidney, Menlo f^ark, Cal.
Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street.

South Boston, Mass.
Clark, John, Jos. Breck & Sons

Corp., Boston, Mass.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte

ave., Colorado Springs, Col.
Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey st., New

York, N. Y. [N. J.

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill,
Coenen, Jos., Louisville, Ky.
Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind.
Comley, James, Lexington,

Mass.
Congdon, A. R., Oberlin, O.
Connell, Benj., West Grove, Pa.
Connor, D. T., Lansdowne, Pa.
Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass.
Cook, John, 318 North Charles

St., Baltimore, Md.
Cooke, Thos. N., White Plains,

N. Y.
Coombs, John, 118 Benton st.,

Hartford, Conn.
Cottam, Geo. T. N., 44 Pine st.,

New York, N. Y.
Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester,

Mass.
Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott,

Kan.
Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden,

Buffalo, N. Y.
Cowles, Jas. S., Newport, R. I.
Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol

sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Cox, Thomas A., Olney st., Dor-
chester, Mass.
Craig, Geo., 211 South 11th st.,

Pliiladelphia, Pa.
Craig, Robert, 49th and Market

sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Crall, Chas. S., Monongahela,

Pa.
Crawford, H. F., 975 N. Main st.,

Brockton, Mass.
Cushman, E. IL, Euclid, O.

Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush,

N. Y.
Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush,

N. Y. ■ [N. Y.

Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush,
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville,

Va.
Dawson, Jackson, Jamaica Plain,

Mass.
Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C.
Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte

St., Asheville, N. C.
Dean, Geo. W., Kent, O.
Dean, James, Babylon, N. Y.
De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander

Building, New York, N. Y.
Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie,

N. Y.

APPENDIX.

131

D'Heleiieveld, C. H., Contich,
Belgium.

Dickson, Hugli, 5.5 Royal ave.,
Belfast, Ireland.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa.

Dingwall, John, Troy Eoad, Al-
bany, N. Y. [Me.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland,

Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Con-
gress St., Portland, Me.

Donaghue A., 1514 Dodge st.,
Omaha, Neb.

Donald, Wm., Corey st., W. Eox-
bury, Mass.

Donaldson, John, Xewtown,
Long Island, N. Y.

Donn, John, Erdman ave., Bal-
timore, Md.

Donoghue, P. J., Lenox, Mass.

Dorner, Fred, Lafayette, Ind.

Downs, Alex., Wissahickon Hts.
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia,
Pa.

Doyle, W. E., 43 Tremont street,
Boston, Mass.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Dressel, F., Weehawken, N. J.

Durfee, Benj., "Washington, D. C.

Du Rie, W. B., Rahwav, N. J.

Dyer, H. W., South Portland,
Me.

Eadie, Jas., 97 Euclid ave., Cleve-
land, 0.

Eckard, Geo., 321 E. North st.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Edgar, William W., Waverly,
Mass. [N. J.

Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton,

Eger, William C, 825 Union st.,
Schenectady, N. Y.

Eicholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa.

Eisele, C, llth and Jefferson
sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J.

Eisele, John G., 20th and Onta-
rio sts., Philadel]>hia, Pa.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.

Elliott, W. J., 54 Dey st., New
York, N. Y.

Ellis, Marcus, Keene, N. H.

Ellis, W. H., 137 Oneida st., Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave.,
Cleveland, 0.

Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M. sts.,
N. E., Washington, D. C.

Ernst, Otto J., Est. G. Gedul-
dig, Norwich, Conn.

Esler, Andrew, Saddle River,

N. J. [N. J.

Esler, John G., Saddle River,
Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind.
Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City,

Utah.
Evenden, Geo. W., 408 East 3d

St., Williamsport, Pa.
Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st.,

Roxbury, Mass.
Ewing, A. "H., Normal School,

Toronto, Ont.

Fahrenwald, Adolph, Wyncote
P. O.. Mont. Co., Pa.

Fairbank, A. N., Webster, Mass.

Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks,
Pittsburg, Pa.

Fancourt, George E., Wilkes-
barre. Pa.

Farquhar, Robt.. IG So. Market
St., Boston, Mass.

Fassett, M. E., Ashtabula, O.

Fay, P. J., Shelburne, Vt.

Fewkes, A. H., Newton High-
lands, Mass.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska ave..
South St. Louis, Mo.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale,
Mass.

Florey, James, Medina, N. Y.

Foster, F. G., Jr., 72 King st.,
W., Hamilton, Ont.

Foster, L. H., 45 King st., Dor-
cliester, Mass.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarry-
town, N. Y.

Freytag, J., Forest Home ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Frueh, Chas., Jr., East Side,
Saginaw, Mich.

Fuller, J,, Leominster, Mass.

Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N. H.
Galvin, John, 124 Tremont st.,

Boston, Mass.
Gammage, W., 213 Dundas st.,

London, Ont.
Gaskill, g: W., 212 No. Toledo

ave., Warren, O.
Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave.,

Cleveland, O.
Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,

Washington, D. C.
Gause, G. E., Richmond. Ind.
Gentemann, C. F.W.,Quincy, 111.
George, E. B., Painesville, O.
George, Robert, Painesville, O.
Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty st..

New York, N. Y.

132

APPENDIX.

Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave.,
Newport, R. I.

Giesv, E. H., Lockland, O.

Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati, O.

Gilmore, A. S., Westboro, Mass.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y.

Goodell, L. W., Dwiglit, Mass.

Gordon, Geo., Beverly, Mass.

Graliam, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Grant, G. L., 322 Dearborn st.,
Chicago, 111.

Greene, W., Box 58, Davenport,
la.

Greene, R. W., Warwick, R. I.

Grey, Thos. J., 49 and 50 So.
"Market st., Boston, Mass.

Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F St.,
Washington, D. C.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F st., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Guien, A., 1483 Broad st., Au-
gusta, Ga.

Guinevan, D. H., Beverly, Mass.

Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col-
lege, P. O., Mich.

Gurney, Jas., Botanic Garden,
St. Louis, Mo.

Habermehl, John P., 22d and
Diamond sts., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Sabison, Geo., Brighton, Mass.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.

Hageman, Wm., 18th and Dau-
phin sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Hagenburger, C, Mentor, O.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane,
Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Bal-
timore, Md.

Hall, ^¥. E., Clyde, O.

Halliday, Robt., 11 E. Baltimore
St., Baltimore, Md.

Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fair-
mount ave.. Pa.

Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill,
N. Y.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la.

Harmon, H. W., Sawens, N. Y.

Harper, Wm. Warner, Chestnut
Hill,, Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley, Mass.

Harris, W. K., 55th st. and
Springfield ave., Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit st.,
Cleveland, O. [N. Y.

Hatcher, John C, Anasterdam,

Hayden, E., Marblehead, Mass.
Haynes, J. C, Boston, Mass.
Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa.
Heihle, G. Adolph, Parkersburg,

W. Va.
Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st.,

Toledo, O.
Heller, J. A., 1117 JSTorth 8th St.,

Quincy, 111.
Henderson, Alfred, 35-37 Cort-

landt St., New York, N. Y.
Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort-

landt St., New York, N. Y.
Henkel, Fred, West View, Pa.
Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar-
dens, Bronx Park, NewYork,

N. Y.
Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338,

Lancaster, Pa.
Herrington, A., Madison, N. J.
Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th

St., New York, N. Y.
Herron, John, Allegheny, Pa.
Hess, Chas. C, Phillipsburg, Ctr.

Co., Pa.
Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth,

Neb.
Hews, A. H., North Cambridge,

Mass.
Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott

Road, Buffalo, N. Y.
Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind.
Hill, Morris A., Ansonia, Conn.
Hippard, E., Youngstown, O.
Hitz, John, 917 R. st., N. W.,

Washington, I). C.
Hoffman, H. N., Elmira, N. Y.
Hoitt, C. W., Nashua, N. H.
Holbrow, C. E., Brighton, Mass.
Hopkins, Frank E., Salem, Mass.
Horan, Stephen D., Bridgeport,

Conn.
Hostetter, E. P., Manheim, Pa.
Howard, J. W., Somerville, Mass.
Howatt, D. E., 148-156 Randolph

ave., Jersey City, N. J.
Hoyt, A. T., Warren, O.
Hulsebosch, A.,Englewood, N. J.
Humber, J. W., 119 Dundas st.,

London, Out.
Huss, J. r.,Ventfort Hall, Len-
ox, Mass.
Hutson, A. R., Brighton, Mass.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville. O.
Ingram, Chas., Reading, Mass.
Ireland, R. D., 246 Boylston St.,

Boston, Mass.
Irish, H. C, Botanic Garden, St.

Louis, Mo.

APPENDIX.

133

Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th st.,

New York, N. Y.
Johnson, Frank, Menlo Park,

Box 49, Cal.
Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whit-
ney ave., Olean, jST. Y.
Johnson, George, IS Earl st.,

Providence, E. I.
Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth, jST. J.
Joosten, C. H., 193 Greenwich

St., New York, N. Y.
Jordan, J. M., 706 Olive St., St.

Louis, Mo.
Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, 0.
Joyce, Morris A., Pottsville, Pa.
Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South

14th St., St. Louis, Mo.
Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence,

Mass.
Jurgens, Carl, Newport, E. I.

Kadletz, J., Dongan Hills, N. Y.
Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut

St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Kanst, Fred, South Park, Chi-
cago, 111.
Karlson, H., Exeter, N. H.
Kasting, W. F., 495 Washington

St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Katoll, Fred, 121 Linwood ave.,

Buffalo, N. Y.
Keller, Fred, Bay Ridge, N. Y.
Keller, J. M., Bay Eidge, N. Y.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill,

Mo.
Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa, la.
Kift, Joseph, Westchester, Pa.
Kift, Eobert, 1721 Chestnut st.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
King, F. J., Ottawa, 111.
King, Geo. T., 145 Arlington st.,

Hyde Park, Mass.
King, W. H., Langdon, D. C.
Kleinhans, Howard P., Easton,

Pa. .
Kletzly, J., Verona, Pa.
Knapp, W. H., Newtonville,

JMass.
Knickman, C. B., 404 E. 34th st.,

New York, N. Y.
Knight, C. W., Glen Cove, N. Y.
Knopf, Albert, Columbus, O.
Koffman, E., Walden, Orange

Co., N. Y.
Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Eap-

ids, la.
Kramer, L. E. Wooster, O.
Krause, H. M., Glen Island,

N. Y.
Krauss, F. G., Menlo Park, Cal.

Krebs, John, 1609 Loraine st.,

Cleveland, O.
Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West

Nyack, N. Y.
Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Krueger, Augustus, Meadville,

Pa.
Kromback, Charles, 181 25th st.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St.

Louis, Mo.

Lager, John E., Short Hills, N. J.
Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la.
Lamborn, Leroy L., Alliance, O.
Lange, Albert H., Worcester,

Mass.
Lange, Carl C, Worcester, Mass.
Lange, H. F. A., Worcester,

Mass.
Langhans, T. P., 190 North Ave.,

Allegheny, Pa.
Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pi.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Lauch, AVm. F., Carrick P. O.,

Allegheny, Pa.
Laurie, Eobt., Newport, E. I.
Leach, Herbert A., Pawtucket,

E. L
Leach, M. J., Pawtucket, E. I.
Lee, Thos., Del Monte Garden,

Monterey, Cal.
Leow, Wm., 84 East st., Alle-
gheny, Pa.
Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J.
Leveque, Thos. A., 672 E. Globe

St., Fall Eiver, Mass.
Loban, John, Harrisburg, Pa.
Logan, Jas. M., White Plains,

N. Y.
Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y.
Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox,

Mass.
Lovett, J. T., Little Silver, N. J.
Ludwig, E. C., Allegheny, Pa.
Ludwig, Gtistave, 208 Allegheny.

Market, Allegheny, Pa.
Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny, Pa.
Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie,

N. Y.
Lynch, P. J., West Grove, Pa.
Lynch, W. E., 19-21 Randolph

St., Chicago, 111.

MacDonald, Peter, .50 W. 30th

St., New York, N. Y.
Mackay, Andrew, Monroe, N. Y,

134

APPENDIX.

MacLellan, Alex, Ruggles ave.,

Newport, R. I.
Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith

St., Providence, R. I.
Macrorie, D.. So. Orange, N. J.
Maitre, R., New Orleans, La.
Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South

Orange, N. J.
Manda, W. A., South Orange,

:f^. J.

Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mann, Mary S., Florence, Mass.
Manning, J.Woodward, Reading,

Mass.
Manning, AV. H., 125 Treniont st.,

Boston, Mass.
Marc, C. J., VVoodside, N. Y.
Marshall, Chas. L., Lowell, Mass.
Martin, Alvertus, 147 Waterman

St., Olneyville, R. I.
Martin, Wm. J., Milton, Mass.
Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt.
Masson, J as., Menlo Park, Cal.
Mathison, Fred R., Waltham,

Mass.
Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
May, J. N"., Summit, N. J.
May, L. L., St. Paul, Minn.
Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster, Pa.
Maynard, Prof. S. T., Amherst,

Mass.
McCarthy, N. F., 84 Hawley st.,

Boston, Mass.
McCarthy, T. F., Boston, Mass.
McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut

St., Cincinnati, O.
McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and

Walnut sts., Cincinnati, O.
McFarland, J. Horace, Harris-
burg, Pa.
McGillivray, D., Brattleboro,

Vt.
McLean, Geo., 4217 Haverford

ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
McLean, H. C, St. Thomas, Ont.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright.

N. J.
McMillan, William, Buffalo,

N. Y.
McMulkin, Edw. J., 124 Tremont

St., Boston, Mass.
Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, N. Y.
Merrion, J. V., Chicago, 111.
Merwin, R. L., 88 Wall St., New

York, N. Y.
Meyer, Herman, Carthage, Tenn.
Meyer, J. C, 87 Sumner street,

Boston, Mass.

Michel, E. H., Magnolia and

Tower Grove ave., St. Louis,

Mo.
Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Millar, A., 595 Pawtucket ave.,

Pawtucket, R. I.
Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn,

N. Y.
Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park PL,

Newark, 0.
Miller, James L., 882 Western

ave., Lynn, l-Iass.
Miller, J. P., Allegheny, Pa.
Miller, Wm., 882 Western ave.,

Lynn, Mass.
Millman, F. X., Green st. sta-
tion, Cumberland, Md.
Mische, Emil, Botanic Garden,

St. Louis, Mo.
Mitchell, Wm., Menlo Park, Cal.
Molloy, William F., Wellesley,

Mass.
Montgomery, Alexander, Na-

tick, Mass.
Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr.,

Natick, Mass.
Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa.
Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa.
Moseley, F. C., Neponset, Mass.
Mott, Walter, Riverton, N. J.
Moulder, Geo. B., Lily Park,

Smith's Grove, Ky.
Munroe, W. Graham, By-the-Sea,

Newport, R. I.
Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfleld

St., Pittsburg, Pa.
Murdock, H. L., West Gardner,

Mass.
Murphy, Wm., Station F, . Cin-
cinnati, O.

Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.,

N. J.
Nelson, A., care F. R. Pierson

Co., Tarrytown, N. Y.
Neubrand, E. W., Tarrytown,

N. Y.
Newman, J. R., Winchester,

Mass.
Nichol, Jas., 29 Coddington st.,

Quincy, Mass.
Nicholson, William, Framing-
ham, Mass.
Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, New

York, N. Y.
Noe, L. M., Madison, N. J.
Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley,

Boston, Mass.
Nunn, Geo., Menlo Park, Cal.

APPENDIX.

135

O'Brien, Chas. J., 63 Union St.,
Jamaica Plain, Mass.

O'Brien, M. I., Slaaron, Pa.

Oelschig, A. C, 30^ Bull St., Sa-
vannah, Ga.

Oesterle, George, So. Highland
and Baum sts., Pittsburg,
Pa.

O'Hora, Wm., Huntington Har-
bor, N. Y.

O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey
City, N". J.

Ormsby, E. A., Melrose, Mass.

Ouwerkerk, P., 206 Cambridge
ave., Jersey City, !N. J.

Paget, John, Lochiel Park, Har-
risburg, Pa.

Palmer, Ernest B., No. Easton,
Mass.

Palmer, W. J., Jr., 304 Main St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Parker, T., 32 So. 6th street,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Pasell, E. H., New Bedford,

Patch, Tlios., Short Hills, N. J.

Paterson, Kobt., care Hon. Frank
Jones, Portsmouth, N. H.

Patten, Geo. W., Lowell, Mass.

Patten, M. A., Lowell, Mass.

Paul, Jas. R., Shadow Brook Gar-
den, Lenox, Mass.

Pegler, John, Ealing P. O., Lon-
don, Out.

Penman, J. Arnot, 7 Warren st.,
New York, N. Y.

Pennock, C. J., Kennett sq.. Pa.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic
St., Cleveland. O.

Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park,
Boston, Mass.

Phelps, H. L., Springfield, HI.

Pierce, William, 232 Union st..
New Bedford, Mass.

Pierson, F. R., Tarry town, N. Y.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough,
N. Y.

Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main
St., Racine, Wis.

Playdon, J. H., 35 Lowell st.,
Andover, Mass.

Plumb, Wm., Throgg's Neck,
N. Y.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Porter, W. A., Wooster, O.

Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.

Power, E., Frankfort, Ky.

Quinlan, P. R., Syracuse, N. Y.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg, Pa.
Rane, F. W., Agricultural Col-
lege, Durham, N. H.
Rath, H. C, Flushing, N. Y.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y.
Rea, Chas. H., Norwood, Mass.
Rea, Frederick J., Norwood,

Mass.
Reck, John, Bridgeport, Conn.
Reineman, E. C, 3U5 Lowry st.,

Allegheny, Pa.
Remagen, J. W., Lima, O.
Rennie, A. M., 6 Exchange place,

Providence, R. I.
Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la.
Renter, S. J., Westerly, R. I.
Reynolds, C. Leslie, Botanic

Garden, Washington, D. C.
Reynolds, Herbert J., 136 W.
' Pulteney St., Corning, N. Y.
Rice, M., 25 N. 4th st., Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Riebe, F. C, Webster, Mass.
Rieman, H. W., Indianapolis,

Ind.
Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark

St., Chicago, 111.
Ritter, F. W., Sr., 435 W. North

ave., Dayton, O.
Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North

ave., Dayton, O.
Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville,

Ky.
Rock, Peter, Menlo Park. Cal.
Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa.
Roehrs, Julius, Carlton Hill,

N- J.
Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st.,

New York, N. Y.
Rohrer, A, D., Lancaster, Pa.
Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa.
Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey st., New

York, N. Y.
Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey st.,

New York, N. Y.
Rose, Edwin F., Bay st., Taun-
ton, Mass.
Rosengren, J. A,, Monongahela

City, Pa.
Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford,

Conn.
Roy, D. F., Maiden, Mass.
Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood,

111.
Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne

ave., Chicago, 111.

136

APPENDIX.

Russell, Chas. R., Stockbridge,
Mass.

Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

Rutty, J., 517 Banango st., Phil-
adelphia, Pa.

Salzer, John A., La Crosse, Wis.
Sanders, Edgar, 1G39 Belmont

ave., Chicago, 111.
Sandiford, Robt., Mansfield, O.
Schmid, Louis, DeHaven P. O.,

Allegheny Co., Pa.
Schmitt, A., Glenville. O.
Schniutz, Louis, Clarkson street,

Brooklyn, ^. Y.
Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn ave.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Schrover, Geo. W., Lancaster,

Pa.
Schultz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave.,

Louisville, Ky.
Schwartz, J., Brighton Road,

Allegheny City, Pa.
Scott, A. B., 19th and Catharine

sis., Philadelphia, Pa.
Scott, John, Keap St., Brooklyn,

N. Y.
Scott, W. B., Buffalo, K. Y.
Scott, William, 479 Main st.,

Buffalo, N. Y.
Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexing-
ton St., Baltimore, Md.
Sexton, S. B., Hyde Park, N^. Y.
Shanley, James, 216 25th street,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Shaw, Chas. P., No. Abington,

Mass.
Shaw, J. Austin, 926 Fulton st.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Shellem, John A., 17th and Tas-

ker sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Shelmire, W. R., Avondale, Pa.
Shepard, W. O. H., Pensacola,

Fla.
Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.,

New York, N. Y.
Shuman, Julius, Newport, Ky.
Sibson, J. F., Germantown, Pa.
Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave.,

Station B., Pittsburg, Pa.
Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle,

N. Y.
Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Ro-
chelle, N. Y.
Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, N. Y.
Sievers, J. H., 25 Post St., San

Francisco, Cal.

Sigrist, J. H., Toledo, O.
Simmons, A. T., Geneva, O.
Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 N. 25th st.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Slinn, Jas., Fall River, Mass.
Smith, A.W., Boggs ave., Pitts-
burg, Pa.
Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich.
Smith, John, Bayside, N. Y.
Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main st., Nor-
wich. Conn.
Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden,

Washington, D. C.
Smyth, W. J., 270 31st St.,

Chicago, 111.
Snyder, Anthony J., 215 25th st.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Spalding, John, New London,

Conn.
Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham,

Me.
Stafford, Wm., Fall River, Mass.
Stearns, Geo. H., Greenfield,

Mass.
Steffens, N., 335 East 21st st.,

. New York, N. Y.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Ho-

boken, N. J.
Stewart, William J., 67 Brom-

field St.. Boston, Mass.
Strohlein, George A., Riverton,

N. J.
Strong, O. H., Oil City, Pa.
Storm, F. A., Bayside, N. Y.
Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit st.,

Toledo, O.
Sullivan, J. F.. 220 Woodward

ave., Detroit, Mich.
Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Brom-

field St., Boston, Mass. •
Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon,

N. Y.
Swan, W. L., Oyster Bay, N. Y.
Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott ar-
cade, St. Paul, Minn.
Swayne, William, Kennett sq.,

Pa.
Sykes, G., 160 5th ave.. New

York, N. Y.

Tailby, W. W., Wellesley, Mass.
Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street,

Detroit, Mich.
Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa.
Taylor, Edw. J., Southport,

Conn.
Taylor, F. W., Paxton Bldg.,

Omaha, Neb.
Taylor, J. H., Bayside, N. Y.
Temple, J. T., Davenport, la.

APPENDIX.

137

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,

St. Louis, Mo.
Thaden, Herman, Atlanta, Ga.
Thompson, Geo. N., Lenox,

Mass.
Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st.,

New York, N. Y.
Thrall, A. L., Jamestown, N. Y.
Tong, Herbert, Erie, Pa.
Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri

Botanic Garden, St. Louis,

Mo.
Troy, J. H., 365 5th ave., New

York, N. Y.
Tucker, Harry A., Ware, Mass.
Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis.
Turner, Wm., Tarrytown, N. Y.
Turnley, C. William, Haddon-

field, N. J.

Ulrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O.
Underwood, AV. H., Columbus, O.

Yallance, Jas., Livermore, Cal.
Van Bocliove, J. E., Kalamazoo,

Mich.
Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph

St., Chicago, 111.
Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind.
Yincent, R., Jr., White Marsh,

P. O., Baltimore Co., Md.

Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest-
nut St., St. Louis, Mo.
Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander

Building, New York, N. Y.
Walker, John, 49th and Market

sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl,

Mass.
Warburton, C, 81 New Boston

Road, Fall River, Mass.
Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y.
Ward, W. S., Salem, Mass.
Watson, George C, 43 N. 10th

St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Weathered, C. B., 143 Centre st.,

New York, N. Y.
Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St.

Louis, Mo.
Weber, Wm., Oakland, Md.
Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers st..

New York, N. Y.
Weimar, E.W.,Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st.,

Chicago, 111.
Weir, Fred, Bay Ridge, L. I.,

N. Y.
Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Welch, D., 15 Province st., Bos-
ton, Mass.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province st.,
Boston, Mass.

Welch, P., 15 Province st., Bos-
ton, Mass.

Werner, Wm. C, Painesville, O.

Wescott, John, Ridge and Le-
high aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

Wescott, William H., Ridge and
Lehigh aves., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.

Whitcomb, A., Lawrence, Kan.

White, John, Pittsfleld, Mass.

Whiting, A., Farmington ave.,
Hartford, Conn.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt
ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Whitney, Chas. A., Upton, Mass.

Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois
sts., Indianapolis, Ind.

Wieland, Philip, Park Dept.,
Boston, Mass.

Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la.

Wildey, J. L., 2752 Howard st.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Wilhelmy, C. B., Pearl st., Cleve-
land, O.

Williams, E. W!, Pittsburg, Pa.

Wilson, Da'vis, Chester, Pa.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs,
111.

Wilson, John, 124 Church st.,
Burlington, Vt.

Wilson, Mrs. Ella Grant, 606
Jennings ave., Cleveland, O.

Wincott, Wm., Effingham Park,
Babylon, N. Y.

Wingate,:,Chas. E., 8 Fulton st.,
Lawrence, Mass.

Winkler, Edw., Wakefield, Mass.

Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com-
merce St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.

Wise, L. H., 32.34 Elizabeth st.,
Denver, Col.

Withers, J. W., Rhinelander
Building, New York, N. Y.

Witterstaetter, A., Toledo, O.

Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams-
ville, O.

Witthuhn, Fred, cor. Pearl st.
and Dover ave., Cleveland, O.

Wonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleas-
ant ave., E. Gloucester,
Mass.

Wood, E. A., West Newton
Mass.

Wood, E. M., Natick, Mass.

138

APPENDIX.

Wood, Harvey C, West liTewton,

IVTrss
Wood, L.'e., rishkill, N. Y.
Woodford, J. H., Horticultural

Hall, Boston, Mass.
Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25tli

St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wors, C. W., 313 No. Lefflngwell

ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.

Young, John W., Frank st.,
Germantown, Pa.

Young, Thomas, Jr., 43 West
28th St., New York, N". Y.

Young, Wm. C, 5507 Waterman
ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Zeller, Charles, Lefferts ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Zeller, Erail, Lefferts ave., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Zirngiebel, D., Needham, Mass.

Zweifel, N., 14th st. and Groel-
ing ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

OF THE

5oclety of f\mim plorisis and Omamenlal [iortlcunuiists.

CONSTITUTION.

NAME,

Article I, — This Association shall be known as The Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

OBJECTS.

Art II. — The aim of the Society is to lift up and carry forward
all that tends to advance the interests of its members.

OFFICERS — THEIR ELECTION.

Art. III. — The Officers of this Society shall consist of a Presi-
dent, a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and at least one Vice-
President from each State, Territory, or Province represented, all of
whom shall be men of commercial integrity. Their term of office shall
begin with the first day of January succeeding their election, and shall
continue for one year. States having a representation of forty mem-
bers or over shall be entitled to two Vice-Presidents. The President,
first Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be elected by ballot
during the holding of its annual meeting.

The State, Territorial, and Provincial Vice-Presidents shall be
elected by ballot by members present from those districts at the
annual meeting, the Secretary giving general notice of the hour of
such meetings: provided, that when less than three members are pres-
ent from any State, such election must be approved by the President.
When a State has no representative present, the President shall name
a Vice-President, if he deems it advisable. Any Vice-Pi:esident who
shall refuse or neglect his duty after one month, may be removed by a
majority vote of the Executive Committee, and .another appointed to
serve his unexpired term.

EXECUTIVE C0M3IITTEE.

Art. IV. — Between the sessions of the Society, its government
shall be vested in an Executive Committee of nine, to which the Presi-
dent, Junior ex-President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer,
as ex^officio members, shall be added. It shall be the duty of this Com-
mittee to supervise the program and exhibitions of the Society at
its annual meeting, and take such action at this time as in its judg-

140 APPENDIX.

ment may be for the welfare of the Society, sultject to the approval
of that body. To this end the Committee shall hold, during the
annual meeting, daily sessions at the call of the Secretary.

Members of this Committee shall be appointed by the President,
and shall hold their office for three years, three members being
appointed each year. Members appointed, who shall decline or fail to
serve, may be at once replaced by another appointed by the President,
which shall be announced in open session from the Chair (if during the
annual session.) Vacancies in the Executive Committee at the annual
meeting may be filled temporarily by the President during or previous
to the first day of the meeting, and until such regular officers can act.

MEETINGS — LOCATION,

Art. y. — This Society shall hold an annual meeting, commenc-
ing on such Tuesday of August as the Executive Committee may think
best ; but it must be either the first, second or third, continuing three
days, unless the business before the meeting cannot be finished in that
time, when the time may be extended by consent of two-thirds of the
members present.

The convention shall hold two sessions each day, uninterruptedly,
until the business of the Society be completed.

A meeting of the Executive Committee shall be called by the
Secretary on request of any three members thereof.

QUORUM.

Art. VI. — Not less than fifty of the members of the Society shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at annual meet-
ings of the Society.

SALARIES.

Art. VII. — The Secretary of this Society shall receive as compen-
sation for his services the sum of $750.00 per annum.

ELIGIBILITY.

Art. VIII. — All florists, professional and amateur gardeners,
seedsmen, nurserymen, superintendents of parks, manufacturers of
wares or supplies for florists' use, in the United States and Canada,
shall be eligible to membership in this Society.

AMENDMENTS.

Art. IX. — The constitution may be amended or altered at any
regular meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of
such alteration or amendment having been submitted to the Society at
a previous meeting or furnished to the Secretary by June 1st preceding
the meeting, and published by him in the general programme of the
Society, at least three weeks before the annual meeting.

APPENDIX. 141

BY-LAWS.

PRESIDENT.

Section I. — The President, or in his absence the Vice-President,
shall preside at all meetings of the Society, and have a general super-
vision of its affairs.

SECRETARY.

Sec. II. — The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the
Society, shall have charge of its papers and reports, and shall make a
report annually. He shall also receive, receipt for and remit to the
Treasurer, such annual dues as may be paid to him; and shall give a
bond in such an amount and with such security as the Executive Com-
mittee shall, from time to time, consider sufficient.

TREASURER.

Sec. III. — The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the
Society, and shall pay all bills when same have been approved by
the Secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under
the direction of the Executive Committee, and shall keep a cor-
rect record of receipts and disbursements, rendering an account of
the same annually to the Society, the same having been duly audited
at the preceding meeting of the Executive Committee. He shall give
bonds in such sum as the Executive Committee may from time to time
deem sufficient, and shall receive for his service such compensation as
the Executive Committee may determine. Should a vacancy occur in
the office of Treasurer, the President shall appoint a Treasurer pro
tempore.

STATE vice-presidents.

Sec. IV. — It shall be the duty of each State Vice-President to
make an annual report to the Society of progress and interesting horti-
cultural events that have occurred in his State during the preceding
year, to assist the officers in the discharge of their duties, and in gen-
eral, to promote as best he can, the welfare of the N'ational Society.
He shall be the accredited representative of the Society at all meetings
and exhibitions of importance in his State.

fees and assessments.
Sec. V. — The payment of thirty dollars shall secure a life member-
ship in the Society and exempt from all future assessments. Any

142 APPENDIX.

eligible person may become a member for the current year by the pay-
ment of five dollars, and such membership may be continued by the
payment of an assessment of three dollars in advance each consecutive
year. Any annual member in good standing may become a life mem-
ber by the payment of twenty-five dollars.

NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS.

Sec. VI. — 1. At the stated time for nomination of officers, as
given in the program of the annual meeting, the President shall cause
to be distributed to every member present, in good standing, a ballot
vphich shall read as follows:

Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

ISTomination of officers for For President For Yice-President

For Secretary For Treasurer

2. Members shall in the blank spaces so provided insert the names
of their candidates for the designated officers. These ballots shall be
collected by tellers duly appointed by the Chair, the results tabulated
in the presence of the members of the Executive Committee who may
be present, and announced by the Secretary; the two nominees receiv-
ing the highest number of votes for each office being then declared the
candidates for election for the ensuing year.

3. Should either of the two nominees receiving the highest num-
ber of votes decline to stand as a candidate, the nominee receiving the
next highest number of votes shall be declared a candidate.

4. Should only one member be nominated for any office on the in-
formal ballot, he shall be declared sole candidate for such office.

5. The Secretary shall, directly after said announcement, cause to
be printed a regular ticket containing the names of the candidates for
each office, and at the time appointed for election, the President shall
cause these ballots to be distributed to members entitled to vote' who
shall cross out all the names on the ticket, except those of their choice,
which must be confined to one name for each office.

6. The ballots shall then be collected by tellers duly appointed by
the Chair, counted in the presence of the members of the Executive
Committee who may be present, and the result announced by the
Secretary.

7. A majority of one vote over the next highest candidate shall
be sufficient to elect.

8. In case of a tie in the election of officers, the usual parliamen-
tary proceedings shall prevail.

SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.

Sec. VII. — Every resolution involving an appropriation of money,
must be referred to the Executive Committee before it can be acted
upon; and it shall be the duty of the Committee to report on the same

APPENDIX. 143

at the next session after the one at which such resolution is introduced;
provided, however, tliat in case of urgency the Executive Committee
may retire for consultation and report at the same session, at which
such resolution is introduced.

RESERVE FUND.

Sec. VIII. — Money accruing from life membership payments shall
form a Keserve Fund, the interest of which may be appropriated an-
nually for general or specific purposes.

ORDER OF BUSINESS.

Sec. IX. — The transaction of business shall be in the following
order:

1. Calling to order.

2. President's Address.

3. Keport of Secretary.

4. Keport of Treasurer.

5. Keports of State Vice-Presidents.

6. Reports of Standing Committees.

7. Reports of Special Committees.

8. Unfinished Business.

9. New Business.
10. Adjournment.

ALTERATION OF BY-LAWS.

Sec. X. — The By-laws may be amended by one day's notice, in
writing, at any annual meeting, on a two-thirds vote of members
present.

Wm. J. Stewart,

Secretary.

^(^

INDEX.

FIKST DAY — OPENING SESSION.

Address of Welcome, Mayor Edwin D. McGuinness 0

Response, W. W. Coles 6

President Graham's Address 8

Societj^'s work should not be limited to one section; the good

example of New England 8

National charter; approval of a change of title; work of the

Tariff Committee 9

Possibilities in American bulb culture; investigation of fer-
tilizers 10

Exhibition suggestions; obligations of the trade to the nation-
al Society 11

Great progress in oiir business; broad influence of the Society;

relations with auxiliary societies 12

Yalue of Florists' Clubs; tribute to the pioneers; aims for the

future 13

Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 14

Number of present members; losses of and accessions to mem-
bership; deaths during past year 14

Meeting of Execntive Committee; sub-committees appointed;
question as to the advisability of free publication of Soci-
ety's proceedings; the Society's interest in proposed

scheme for fire insurance 15

Problems for the future; how to enlist the sympathy and
financial support of the entire trade; heavy correspon-
dence 16

Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 16

Amendments to Constitution and By-Laws 19

Discussion and assignment of subject until the following day.. 20

Report of Committee on Fire Insurance 21

Outlines of proposed plan 21

Discussion on method of organizing; appointment of commit-
tee to nominate /Officers 23

Appointment of Exhibition Judges 24

146 appendix.

Eeading of Communications 25

Invitation to meet at Niagara Falls; invitation to Omaha;
invitation to Nashville; invitation to Old Point Comfort;
memorial in reference to Paris Exposition in 1900; pro-
posed Agricultural Congress at Omaha 25

Pan-American Exposition at Niagara Falls in 1899 ; availabil-
ity of site for convention purposes 26

Entertainment of Ladies 27

Visit to Swan Point Cemetery 27

FIRST DAY — EVENING.

President's Reception : 27

Complimentary letter from Gov. Dyer 27

SECOND DAY - MORNING SESSION.

Reports of Exhibition Judges 28

A Paper — Root Galls on Cultivated Plants. Prof. B. D.

Halstead, New Brunswick, N. J 29

Various kinds of root galls and their origin 29

Galling of turnip and cabbage ; galls upon clover roots 30

Root gall of the rose ; eel worms ; indications of their pres-
ence; precautionary measures 31

Use of lime; value of Kainit; summary 32

Discussion of Paper 32

Experiments by M. I. O'Brien; experience of J. N. May;

effects of heating soil 33

Mr. May takes issue with Prof. Halstead upon the identity of
galls found on clover roots and roses; advice by Ben-
jamin Hammond; usefulness of lime and nitrate of soda. 34
A Paper — The Florist as Scientist vs. Artisan. F. W.

Rane, Durham, N. H 35

Definition of the term "florist"-^ 35

The meaning of "scientist" and "artisan" as applied to flori-
culture 36

Value of scientific education 37

The practical and financial side : 38

The benefits of meetings and discussions 39

A Paper — Trees and Shrubs Grown by Florists. Chas.

J. Dawson, Boston, Mass 39

Ornamenting home grounds; public parks as object lessons;

school groynds and village improvement societies 40

Permanent value of shrubbery plantations; the florists' inter-
est in their sale 41

Suggestions as to desirable list of varieties; necessity of a

knowledge of proper planting 42

H. A. Siebrecht's endorsement 43

APPENDIX. 147
SELECTIOlSr OF PLACE OF MEETING FOR 1898 44

Invitations to Detroit; invitations to Niagara Falls for 1899.... 44

Invitations to Omaha 45

Eemarks of F. W. Taylor; speech by Hon. G. E. McLean 46

Mr. McLean depreciates sectionalism; the west ready to wel-
come visitors from the east; Benjamin Hammond advises

the Society to go west 47

Mr. Hammond makes a pledge;' Mr. Siebrecht endorses Mr.

Hammond's views and also makes a pledge 48

A general discussion , 49

G. M. Kellogg makes a pledge; F. W. Taylor does the same;
Mr. Aylsworth makes an offer for programme privilege;

balloting and selection of Omaha 50

Nomination of Officers 51

SECOND DAY — EVENING.

Lecture — Our Favorite Exotic Plants in Their Own
H03IES. Prof. Geo. L. Goodale, Cambridge, Mass 51

THIRD DAY — MORNING.

Report of Nomenclature Committee 53

A Paper— Bedding Plants. J. J. Butler, Newport, R. 1 55

Effectiveness of fibrous rooted begonias; their use in Newport, 55

John N. May's Remarks 56

A. Herrington's endorsement; usefulness of zinnias, balsams

and other annual plants from seed 57

A Paper — A Year's Progress in Roses. M. H. Walsh, Wood's

Holl, Mass 58

Recent valuable introductions; new American seedlings 58

Varieties, Mrs. Robert Garrett, Lillian Nordica and Jubilee, 59

Foreign introductions of merit; progress noted 60

Mr. Craig's views; hardiness of Mosella 61

Election of Officers 62

Appreciative response by President-elect W. F. Gude 63

The Question Box .". 63

"Where shall our future supplies of bulbs come from?"

Paper from C. H. Allen in reply 63

Record of bulb growing at Astoria, N. Y. Success with the
narcissus and tulip. Roman hyacinth a weed in Texas

garden 64

North Carolina's adaptability. Possibility of growing Lilium

Harrisii in California; the question of cheap labor 65

Views of John Reck; prices realized in Holland; possibility of
forcing bulbs a second time 66

148 APPENDIX.

" What is the best and most profitable plan for constructing a
commercial bulb storage house? " Reply by Wm. Scott.
The best storage house is a cold frame out-of-doors for
Dutch hyacinths; no necessity of a house for tulips 67

Is it desirable to dethorn our popular roses ? Reply by Geo.
T. King. The theory of thorny protection to plants 68

Experience in orange growing; successful dethorning of the
grape fruit 69

" Would organizing state societies of florists be of any benefit? "
Reply by D. B.Long. A negative opinion; three or four
sections of the S. A. F. more desirable. Mr. Long's
views on the Pan-American Exposition for 1899 70

THIRD DAY — EVENING.

Report of Special Committee on Organization of a Fire

Insurance Co 72

Appointment of a new committee with power to act 72

A Paper — A Year's Progress in Carnations. Wm. Nichol-
son, Framingham, Mass 72

Different results with the same variety in dilferent places.
Account of western visits at the time of the carnation

convention 72

Progress in seedling raising in the west; visits to Long Island

growers 74

Seedlings in and about Boston; local exhibition in Boston 75

A Paper — Progress in the Retail Trade. Thos. J. Johnston,

Providence, R. 1 76

Gain in methods of selling flowers commercially. The advent

of the street fakir '..... 76

H. A. Siebreclit's views on the subject; disadvantages of high

prices at the holidays 77

Amendments to the Constitution 78

Discussion on change of title; C. W. Turnley objects to pro-
posed new name. 78

W. F. Gude approves; W. R. Smith gives reasons for change.. 79
A. Herrington's views; C. W. Hoitt endorses Mr. Smith's

views of the advantage of a national charter 80

Adoption of the new name 81

Adoption of amendments in reference to duties of Treasurer;

fees and assessments; duties of State Vice-Presidents 82

New order of business 83

Reserve Fund 84

The Question Box 84

" What is the best remedy for black spot on roses?" 84

Response by J. N. May! 84

APPENDIX. 149

'* NoA^elties — their place in the trade." Response by Grove P.
Rawson 85

"Value of State societies of florists." Reponse by R. Vin-
cent, Jr 87

Use of Nicotine. Aster disease 89

Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 90

FOURTH DAY.

Excursion to Newport 91

A drive and a banquet. Presentation to President Graham.... 92

Reports of Exhibition Committees 94

Class A, plants 94

Class B, cut bloom's; Class C, boilers and heating apparatus;

Class D, greenhouse appliances and flower pots 95

Class E, florists' supplies and fancy earthenware; Class F,

bulbs and seeds; Class G, miscellaneous 96

Report of Committee on Medal Awards 97

Report of Superintendent of Exhibition 98

Plant Introductions in America in 1897 101

Roses 101

Carnations 103

Chrysanthemums 104

Cannas 107

Dahlias, geraniums 108

Begonias, sweet peas 109

Miscellaneous 110

Nomenclature Committee for 1898 Ill

Report of Florists' Hail Association of America 112

Report of Chrysanthemum Society of America 116

List of varieties certificated in 1896 117

List of Members by States 118

Alphabetical List of Members 129

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