UMASS/AMHERST «? i.«^

31EQbbDDSasaibH

i

s

^^^

9

^1

f»

.:^•^'«^

y^i

» •• •

<^*^

fi'C

^>:^^*^

•^ •• • .. '■) ■ ,

' ^ ^ / f 3

LIBRARY

1

Jt863*

DATE DUE 1

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

SB

^03

36

17th

1901

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Seventeenth Annual Convention

OF THE

Society OF American Florists

And Ornamental Horticulturists

HELD AT

Buffalo, Nev/ York

AUGUST 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and loth

I 90 1

MH*i«OTMMMMM

■•s^i^-

LIBRARY

UNIVERSrpf OF
MASSACSMilOiS J

^ 3 4, 4 OU

v)o ^^.I7
CHAPEL /f <5 /

y

PROCEEDINGS.

Buffalo, N. Y., Tuesday, Aug. 6, 1901.

The Seventeenth Convention of the Society, and the first under
its recently acquired National Charter, was convened this day with an
attendance that fully realized expectations. From Chicago, Phila-
delphia, New York, Cleveland, Boston, and other centres all over the
country, the delegations came with full ranks; the husiness sessions
were full of interest and the essays and discussions replete with in-
formation of practical value ; the exhibition hall was spacious and un-
excelled for convenience of access, and the number and variety of the
exhibits has rarely been equalled; the local hospitalities were among
the most lavish ever enjoyed by the Society, the details of the ar-
rangements for the entertainment of the visitors being in competent
hands, and altogether the Convention week was one of exceptional
pleasure and profit to all the participants. A handsome souvenir pub-
lication, compiled by Mr. D. B. Long^, of Buffalo, contained descrip-
tions and illustrations of points of interest in and about the city.

The Convention headquarters, in the City Co'nvention buildings
contained one of the largest and most comprehensive trade exhibi-
tions in the history of the Society. The assembly hall, in which the
sessions were held, was profusely decorated with plants and foliage;
the walls and columns were wreathed with vines, vases of gladiolus
adorned the windows, and the platform presented the appearance of a
garden in miniature, being surrounded with cannas, palms and trop-
ical verdure.

-2^// J

4 FBOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEEN^TH CONVENTIOX

The Convention was opened at 10.40 A. M., in the presence of an
immense assemblage, which tested the seating capacity of the Con-
vention Hall and overflowed into the aisles. Among the honored
members present were ex-Presidents Loxsdale, Hill, Eudd, Scott^
Dean, Graham and Norton, all of whom, in company with the
officers and Executive Committee, were seated on the platform.

THE WELCOME AND THE RESPONSES.

President O'Mara called the Convention to order, and Vice-Presi-
dent Kasting presented Hon. Conrad Diehl, Mayor of the city of
Buffalo.

Mayor Diehl said: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen — It gives me
great pleasure, on behalf of the city of Buffalo, to welcome you to our midst.
I can assure you that Buffalo appreciates your coming here and that she fully
appreciates the good which your Society, through its members individually,
renders to communities, and, as a whole, to the country at large.

What is more effective in embellishing and brightening our homes than the
beautiful flower ? And it is by you, the florists, through your study and art,
that this lovely specimen of Nature's handiwork has been brought from the
wild product of the forest to the degree of perfection which it has reached to-
day. It seems to have a magical value. Many of you, doubtless, have noticed,
in the changing covmtenance of the recipient of a beautiful bouquet or plant, a
sense of gratification and pleasure which could scarcely have found adequate
expression in words. I can speak from personal knowledge of the beneficent
influence of flowers and plants in the sick room. The patient, who has re-
ceived from some kind friend a bouquet, brightens up, points to the gift with
delight, nourishes it with tender care, seems to feel better, and frequently
shows a real improvement in condition because of it; even those who are
obliged to attend the invalid are also benefited.

Without entering into details, permit me to say I am sure that your local
committee here will take pains not alone to show you our Pan-American Ex-
position, where you will see one of the finest floral displays that has ever been
gotten together, but will show you the more interesting points of our beau-
tiful city. We think that we have the finest city on the globe; and possibly
our well-paved, smooth and level streets will cause the younger persons
among you, who have their wheels with them, to imagine themselves in a ver-
itable paradise.

Tendering you the freedom of the city, and connnitting you to the care of
our local committee, who, I am sure, will do their duty, I thank you for the
attention you have given to these disconnected remarks. [Applause.]

President O'Mara responded on behalf of the Society. He ex-
pressed his appreciation of the Mayor's kindly and eloquent welcome-,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 5

and assured that official that the freedom of the city so promptly
tendered was gladly accepted by the visitors. He continued:

We are glad to be in Buffalo. We have heard of it from afar. The fame
of Buffalo, like that of Niagara, is abroad; and all over the country — from the
North, the South, the East, the West — the cry is "Put me oft' at Buffalo."
We are "oft' at Buffalo,'' this beautiful morning, sir — one which I almost be-
lieve you and jour city government must have specially prepared for ua. Our
members from the West, escaping from a great heat and drought, and our
brethren from the East also, feel assured that in the more equable temperature
of this beautiful city, and in the genial companionship of their Buft'alo friends,
they can for a time forget the discomforts of midsummer. We know this be-
cfiuse most of us are not strangers to Buft'alo. Twelve years ago we came here.
We enjoyed the hospitality of your city at that time; and from what Buffalo
did for us then we have anticipated what she would do for us now. This hand-
somely decorated hall shows that the love of the beautiful, to which you have so
eloquently referred as characteristic of the florist and his art, is as dearly
prized by the florists of Buffalo as it is by their brethren of the craft, not in
America alone, but all over the world.

I am not going to detain you, sir, because I know you have important en-
gagements elsewhere, but I merely wish to say that we are not organized for
sordid ends, but Ave are organized to develop the beautiful in nature, to seek
for it wherever we go, to bring back to our homes new impressions of the
beautiful, and thus continue to live up to the ideal which this Society set for
itself at its very foundation. I realize that it is unnecessary for me to say this
to you, sir, because from your association with our Mr. Kastinq, Mr. Scott,
and the other florists of this city, you have doubtless been long familiar with
the fact.

I repeat that we are glad to be here in your beautiful city, to take full
advantage of the freedom you have extended to us, and I again thank you, on
bfehalf of the Society, for your kindly welcome.

President O'Mara^ in conclusion, suggested that the Convention
join in an expression of sentiment in compliment to the Mayor and
city government of Buffalo. His suggestion was instantly responded
to by all present in a round of cheers.

Vice-President Wm. F. Kasting announced that the honor of ex-
tending the welcome of the Buffalo Florists' Club had devolved, not
upon himself, hut upon an older member and a more accomplished
orator, who could say more in five minutes than a speaker like himself
could say in several hours — Mr. Scott.

Mr. William Scott, Chairman of the Local Committee of Enter-
tainment and Superintendent of the Floricultural Department at the

13 I'llOCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEEjS'TH CONVEXTIOJs

Pau-Anierican Exposition, upon coming forward, was greeted with
tnmnltiions applause and many demonstrations of kindly feeling,
which were long continued. Beginning in a humorous vein, he said:

Since coming into the room, a friend whom I liave not seen for several
years, told me 1 looked careworn. It is true that I have worked pretty hard
this summer. I feel more than my usual diffidence this morning, and you
know I am a bashful man wlicii on the platform, so that you need not expect
a great deal from me.

In common with the florists of Bufi'alo and its vicinity I am proud to see
you here again. We went to New York and invited you to come here with
every conlidence that we would be able to take care of you, and you have loy-
ally responded to our invitation and have come. J believe that this is going to
be almost the banner convention in the history of this city. You were here
twelve years ago and came, 1 may say, almost uninvited. We were startled
by the responsibility we had assumed when you did us the honor to visit us
then, but the local florists were small in number at that time as compared
with what they are to-day, and yet 1 think we acquitted ourselves fairly well.
Buffalo has grown very rapidlj^ since then, having almost doubled in popula-
tion. The Mayor did not tell you of the many things in which we excel other
cities. We have more asphalt paving than any city in the world; and I do
think that our residence streets, at least in number, are almost unequalled by
those of any city in North America. In wind we even are surpassed only by
Chicago. [Merriment.]

(!ne of the principal labors of tlie local florists consists in taking care of
you here in comfortable apartments or hotels: but the Chairman of the Com-
mittee we appointed is able to pi'ovide for not only all who have come, but for
Ave thousand more who might have come if they had entrusted themselves to
his hands. Now, if any of you were not comfortable last night, or were lo-
cated in a quarter of the city that you did not find congenial to your tastes,
you haAe only to make known the fact to the Hotel Committee, downstairs, of
wliich Mr. W. A. Adams is chairman, and that gentleman will put you on the
right track. No city in the history of great exhibitions has ever opened its doors
to visitors as freely as has Buffalo. There are ten thousand homes here will-
ing to take you in — I don't mean to "take you in," in one sense, but I mean to
give you beautiful apartments at a moderate price. [Merriment.]

Another thing I want to say is this. We have a Reception Committee here,
but I Mant you to consider that every member of the Buffalo Club is a bureau
of information. I am proud to say that all our boys have come out and worked
faithfully. If you see a man with a Buffalo badge on his coat go to him and
ask him anything: I am sure he will refuse you nothing and will go anywhere
with you. We hr.ve appointed a special committee to show you the Midway.
It consists of Mr. Kastin'g, of Buffalo, and Mr. Runn, of Chicago. [Applause.]

Mr. Scott then explained the most direct and advantageous
methods of visiting and ins]')ecting tlie Pan-American Exposition He

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7

described some of its prominent features, particularly the brilliant
spectacle of the electric lighting, and expressed the hope that no mem-
ber of the S. A. F. would have cause to regret having come to Buffalo.

President O'Mara closed the preliminary speechmaking by ex-
pressing, on behalf of the Society, his appreciation of the courtesies
of the local club. He said the New York brethren, having recently
gone through the throes of receiving the Convention, could sympa-
thize with the Buffalo florists in the labors and responsibilities im-
posed upon them. He then impressed upon the members of the Con-
vention the importance of punctual and regular attendance at the
sessions, so as to economize time and, while facilitating the transac-
tion of business, insure for themselves more opportunity for social
recreation. He favored full, free and thorough discussions of all
questions, and reminded those who would do the talking that the
spirit of the Convention would live upon the written page; that what
made for the benefit of the Society and its life, what held it together
and what it must live upon, were its records.

THE president's ADDRESS.

President O'Mara, upon assuming the chair, delivered his formal
address, which was received with marked attention and applauded.
He spoke as follows :

To the Society of American Florists, Ladies and Gentlemen — Part of the
duty imposed upon your President is to report to you in his address to the
Convention the results of his stewardship since assuming that honorable posi-
tion. It is, by common consent,, his right to recommend to your careful consid-
eration such measures as, in his judgment, deserve your attention, so that you
niay take such action thereon as your prudence and wisdom may dictate. The
Oi'.ening year of the twentieth centviry finds horticulture in a flourishing condi-
tion in America. It finds, too, the Society of American Florists established on
a firmer basis than at any time in its history. The experimental stage haa
apparently been passed. The usefulness of this Society* to its members, and to
horticulture in general, has been so thoroughly demonstrated that there is no
longer any hesitation. We move confidently, our membership is more stable,
and from every sovirce we learn that it is individually and collectively more
ardently imbued with the spirit of progress and harmony, that there is a settled
determination to achieve, in their highest sense, the aims and ambitions of the
Society, to develop and advance American horticulture. The progress made at
the New \ork Convention last year has been continued, our life membership
has noticeably increased, our financial condition is excellent, the receipts for

8 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

the past year have exceeded any in the previous history of the Society, and it
is-' befitting that your President should congratulate you on the substantial
progress made. In doing this, let me urge you to continue the good work ener-
getically, let each member perform cheerfully and conscientiously the duties
assigned to him^ be they great or small. This being done, there is no limit to
the sphere of usefulness of our beloved Society.

1I0BTICULTUR.'\X PROGRKSS.

It is proj^er, too, tliat your President should note the general prosperity
of the craft during the past year. The prosperity of horticulture has been
coincident with the general good business conditions of the country. Never
before, perhaps, in a single year was such progress made in building country
homes near our large cities, in developing large estates, thus creating a de-
mand for the products of horticulture unprecedented in the annals of the coun-
tiy. It is the earnest hope and wish of your President that this condition
will continue, that our glorious country will keep on its God-appointed course,
tiiumphing in the arts of peace, a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night
in the vanguard of the world's upward progress. It is, too, his earnest hope
und wish that this Society will keep step with every advance made, and that it
will achieve its ambition to become the leading horticultural society in the
world.

THE NATIONAL CHARTER.

At the last year's Convention a motion was made and carried that the in-
coming President appoint a committe of five to continue and carry out the
project of obtaining a national charter for this Society. One of the first duties
of your President was to appoint said committee, which was made larger upon
the advice of the chairman appointed, viz., Mr. Wm. R. Smith. The efforts of
that committee were successful, and, without detracting from the work of any
member, it can be said that to the chairman, ably assisted by Mr. Durfee, we
are to-day in the highly honorable and unique position of enjoying a charter
granted by the Congress and signed by the President of the United States
The task undertaken eight years ago, and brought once to the threshold of
successful completion, has at last been finished. All honor to the man through
whose untiring and unselfish efforts we are enabled to-day in this first year of
the new century, within the shadow of the great Exposition of Pan-American
progress, to meet in name and in fame a bona fide national American Society of
Horticulture.

WORK OF THE INCOUPOnATORS.

The incorporators met in Washington on May 14th last, to organize legally
under the new charter and to formulate a Constitution and By-Laws to meet
the exigencies presented by the new conditions. The question of closer co-op-
eration between the Society of American Florists and special societies, which
are in a large sense the natural expansion of what has been aptly termed the
parent society, received careful consideration, and the Constitution which will

SOCIETY OF AMEKICAISr FLORISTS. 9

be presented to you in due time ^Yas unanimously adopted. Our able and in-
dustrious Secretary prepared and submitted a draft of these in advance to the
incorporators. A committee of five appointed at the meeting of the Executive
(.'ommittee in March also had the matter under consideration and passed favor-
ably upon them, so that the Constitution and By-Laws to be presented may
be fairly stated as embodying the views and judgment of a very representative
body of this society. We were also assisted by the advice and counsel of mem-
bers of the various special societies most interested : thus the matter will come
before you endorsed favorably by those who have at the present time the re-
sponsibility of office upon them.

THE VALUE OF CO-OPERA TIOX.

The value to all of closer co-operation is generally conceded; the only
differences of opinion are in the means to be adopted. Time may demonstrate
that there is no more apparent need for a special flower society, having a sep-
arate and isolated existence, than there is for a special fruit, tree or vegetable
society. 1 make bold to say that if the S. A. F. were not in existence, and the
special flower societies were in being as they are to-day, the paramount ques-
tion before them would be how to effect an alliance for mutual benefit. That
the means are at hand through the S. A. F. whereby this natural and desirable
condition can be reached, should be deemed fortunate. It is not by the pulling
down of any, but by the uplifting of all, that we can hope to place our beloved
profession on its rightful plane, and maintain it in its proper orbit of useful-
ness to each other and the country at large. It is not too much to say that the
shaping of the destiny of horticulture in this hemisphere is largely in our
hands, that broad-minded, far-reaching policies will accomplish much in this
day and generation that otherwise might seem impossible. This is an era of
wide horizons. Reactionary movements are out of place with the spirit of
American progress. Let us join in the grand procession and not be laggards
in the general forward movement !

MORK OF THE EXECUTIVE COifMITTEE.

The appointees made on the Executive Committee in January were
Messrs. Alex. Wallace, of Xew York City; Emil Buettner, of Park Ridge, 111.,
and Richard Witterstaetter, of Sedamsville, Ohio, in place of Messrs. John H.
Taylor, W. W. Coles and E. H. Cushman. The gentlemen retiring performed
tneir duties faithfully, and I would recommend that a precedent be set by ten-
dering them a vote of tlianks in this convention. It is an act of courtesy which
should, in m}' opinion, be performed each year as the members retire. The
committee met in Buff'alo, on March 5th last, and remained in session two
days. During that time the Buffalo Florists' Club was unremitting in its
attentions to the committee. The usual work of preparing a programme was
completed and the result is sho^^^l in the programme of this Convention. A
legislative committee consisting of Messrs. John N. May, Robert Craig, Benja-
min Durfee, Wm. R. Smith and your President was appointed, with special ref-

10 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

eienee to securing favorable action on the domestic parcels post measure before
Congress. This is certain to come up again, and it should be to the interests
ot this society to have such a bill become a law. ^Ir. Ednumd M. Wood, on
behalf of the Purchasing Committee, reported that, for lack of capital, the
committe was unable to take advantage of market fluctuations. After some
consideration it was voted that the committee be thanked for its services and
discharged. Mr. Wm. R. Smith was added to the Committee on Permanent
Home, and the committee continued. Now that we have a national charter,
and the stipulation is made therein that the principal oifice of the society shall
be in Washington, we hope that a permanent liome can be provided there. The
benefits accruing to the society from such an acquisition are but too obvious,
and do not require elaboration here. Let us hope that we may be able to realize
our fondest hojies in regard to it. The work is in the hands of an able com-
mittee and the last addition is a tower of strength. The Executive Committee
accepted the proposition of the Buffalo Florists' Club regarding the holding of
the trade exhibition and ai^pointed Mr. Chas. H. Keitsch as manager. The
committee on award of medals through floricultural organizations recommended
that one silver and one bronze medal be offered to each of the following organ-
izations, to be awarded for new and meritorious plants or tlowers of American
origin, exhibited at a regular public exhibition ; said medals not to be awarded
unless the plants and flowers exhibited are entirely worthy of such award, viz:
New York Florists' Club, American Carnation Society, American Dahlia So-
ciety, American Rose Society, New Jersey Floricultural Society, Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Society of Indiana
I'lorists, Chicago Horticultural Society, Newport Horticultural Society.

The official report of the details of said awards, with the name and de-
scription of the plant or floAver to which said medals have been awarded, shall
be furnished to the Secretary of the S. A. F. for the purposes of record. This
seems a move in the right direction. The S. A. F. should bo and is above all
else educational, and this award of medals should encourage exhibitions of
new and meritorious plants of American origin: it should increase the prestige
and broaden the influence of our society. The medals should become the rec-
ognized standard for excellence.

While the committee was in session a telegram was received from ilr. Wm.
R. Smith, announcing the signing of the national charter by President Mc-
Kinley. In recognition of Mr. Smith's valuable services to the society, a com-
mittee was then and there appointed to draft suitable resolutions of thanks,
have them properly engrossed and framed and presented to him, which was
done.

DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURAL INDUSTRIES.

It seems opportune here to refer to the principle upon which and through
which the charter was granted, viz., the development and advancement of Amer-
ican horticulture. Along certain lines this society can do more in that direc-
tion than any or probably all the kindred societies in the country. There are
limitless acres and plenty of willing hands ready to produce here almost every-
thing which we now import in plants, bulbs and seeds if the proper impetus is

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11

given. Miieh lias been done in that direction already, but much jet remains
to be done, and the subject deserves your most careful consideration. In various
parts of the country the bulb industry has been started, but it is yet in its
infancy. Only recently a company has been incorporated for the production
of bulbs which are now imported. Ex-President Wm. K. Smith forcibly al-
luded to this in his address at St. Louis in 1893, and cited the fact that nearly
two million dollars had been sent the previous year to foreign countries for
plants, bulbs and seeds. A great portion of that sum can undoubtedly be re-
tained here if proper steps are taKen to develop the natural resources of our
country. 1 would suggest that the proper authorities be approached by a com-
irittee from this society, with a view to sending some one abroad — to Europe,
ond possibly Japan and China, to study the production of what we import,
obtain all essential details, ana have the results of his inquiries published in
regular form. I would further suggest that this society obtain samples of
bulbs now being produced here, ana distribute them among growers for trial ;
that the silver medals of the society be awarded to the producers of bulbs whose
stocks give the best results and that the whole matter be reported in full to
the society in convention assembled by the Secretary of the S. A. F. Some
practical step should be taken to develop this industry, and it should be ex-
tended to plants and seeds as well. If these suggestions do not appear to fit
the situation, I trust that from this Convention will flow some that will.

THE EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM.

This work is educational in its best and most practical sense. Before quit-
ting the subject allow me to make a plea for the young employee. Every
florist's establishment should be educational for the employee in the greatest
possible degree. The successful florist must have the keenest knowledge of
Nature's laws. He is a chemist, if you will, handling the subtle forces of
soil, water and air to be transmitted through his agency into glorious flowers
and redundant foliage, or through his neglect into distorted, sickly and ab-
normal growths. The employee has much to do with either result, hence his
discriminating faculties must be sharpened by awakening his reasoning powers.
Be patient with him, reason with him, encourage independent judgment, de-
velop his reasoning faculties, place opportunities for studying the theories of
the profession at his disposal. Employees are not all born to be "hewers of
wood and drawers of water" perpetually, and one lifted out of the ruck will
recompense for manj' disappointments. A little altruism is a saving grace
and we should cultivate it more. This policy is not entirely unselfish either,
for there are few indeed who seek to educate others and fail in doing so to de-
velop their own faculties. The facilities for developin;^ a better grade of em-
ployees are immeasureably better than they were when this society was organ-
ized. Valuable books by members, practical books, have been written. The
trade press is teeming with invaluable information; local clubs where dis-
ci;ssions take place, where exhibitions are more numerous, are in all our prin-
cipal cities. A competition for general excellence, or proficiency in specialties,
with a book, a subscription to the trade papers, a year's membership in the

13 PKOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION"

S. A. F., or a local club, as a prize, should stimulate the ambitious and de-
A'elop the industry of the best, while exposing the want of these in others. The
reports of the experiment stations are within the reach of all, and now that
they are devoting more attention to horticultural work, their reports should
be obtained and placed in the hands of those who are hungering for them. This
will broaden the influence of the stations and help them to achieve their mis-
sion.

COLLEGE VERSUS PRACTICAL TRAINING.

80 much has been said in previous conventions of the need for an experi-
n;ental garden, college or school wherein to train young men, that I make bold
to press the foregoing on your attention. It is a vital subject, fraught with
the gravest importance to us as individuals as well as in our collective capac-
ity. An institution such as has been urged upon this society frequently by ex-
Tresidents in their annual addresses, and advocated by members, is, I fear,
beyond the jJower of this society to create or maintain. 1 have reasonable
doubts of its utility if created. Let us use the means at hand to their greatest
extent and we are likely to be astonished at the good results, if persevered in
for any considerable time. I quote as apropos to the subject, from the address
of Prof. F. W. Card, before the Section of Botany and Horticulture at the New
Haven meeting of the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment
Stations, as follows:

"Horticultural education began when man first learned to grow garden
products and told his neighbor how. The educational method thus introduced
lias been in vogue since, and has produced more good horticulturists than any
other. It is still the school wliich trains the rank and file of the gardeners em-
ployed on private estates, and the majority of practical horticulturists in all
lines. We who are engaged in schools of another tyjje are wont to place a low
estimate on this kind of education; yet if we are looking for a particularly
skilful man in any line this is the place to find him. Rule of thumb methods
may largely prevail, but. decry it as we may, just this kind of training must
ever form an important part of the education needed by professional horti-
culturists. The recognition of this general truth has led to the introduction
and retention of manmil training in many of our institutions. The mistake of
this, if mistake there be, is not in overestimating the importance of manual
tiaining, but in assiuning that the college is the best place to get it. Unques-
tionably the college is the best place to get some kinds of manual training, but
it may not be the ))est place to acquire the details of handicraft in agriculture
and horticulture. In so far as it is tlie best place, we are right in emphasizing
it; in so far as it is not, let us leave practice to the school best fitted to teach
it, and principles to the one best fitted to teach them."

What better testimony do we recjuire of the great value of the training
you can give? Further on he said:

''Closely affiliated with this phase of education (horticultural exhibitions)
is that accomplished by horticultural societies. When man has done some-
thing creditable, he not only likes to show the product of his skill, but to tell
his neighbor about it. If his neighbor has done something creditable, man
wants to ask him how it was done. The horticultural society affords an oppor-
tunity to relate experiences and to ask questions. It gives the specialist a
chance to tell his methods and others a chance to learn them. It brings to-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13

gether men who are interested in tlie same things, a prime factor in making
education eflective. Horticultural societies have had a vast influence in de-
veloping the horticulture and the horticulturists of our country. Their work
does not stop with the mere interchange of experiences, for they are the chief
factors behind most exhibitions, and the information brought to the surface at
their meetings is scattered far and wide in printed reports. The education of
the societies is fraginentaiy and unsystematic, but it is intensely practical.
It gets at the infoniiatiou wanted, if it is to be had. This much college educa-
tion does not do."

Let us, then, work along our own lines; "stick to our last," as it were,
supplementing our practical experience with all that we can glean which is
useful to us from the college reports and experiments. Let us not be chary
of imparting tlie results of our experience to others.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE S. A. F.

This society has accomplislicd much of practical benetit since it was or-
ganized. These beuetits Mere not confined to its members, but were shared by
all the craft. It is an oft-told story, and so 1 will only briefly allude to its
salient points. The reduction of the postage rate on plants and seeds obtained
while the society was in its infancy. This achievement alone is enough to earn
the gratitude of every one interested in horticulture. The work of the Nom-
enclature Committees in correcting errors. The obtaining of a lower express
rate on plants and bulbs, with its saving to the grower and planter. The work
of the Legislative Committee in safeguarding the interests of the florists dur-
ing the panic of insect legislation. The essays and discussions which were
published. The adoptioii of standard flower pots. These benefits alone should
induce every florist to become and remain a member of the S. A. F., and should
set at rest forever the pessimistic inquiries we occasionally hear as to what we
have accomplished. The Florists' Hail Association came into existence through
and by the S. A. F. At the New York Convention in 1888, it had insured 811,-
951 square feet of glass. At that convention the total area of glass reported
in the United States was 13,051,590 square feet. At the present time the as-
sociation insures in round numbers, say 14,500,000 square feet, aggregating
risks of nearly a million dollars. Since its organization over 500 losses haA^e
been paid, amounting to over $45,000, and it holds a reserve fund of nearly
$9,000. This is part of the record of the S. A. F. A trade press has been
established, which provides a medium whereby the florist can buy and sell at
greater advantage than would be otherwise possible, not to speak of the in-
valuable information it gleans and disseminates. FroOi out of the S. A. F.,
and encouraged by it, have sprung special flower societies with all their at-
tendant benefits. The annual meetings of the S. A. F. furnish an opportunity
to the members of comparing notes to their mutual advantage. The exhibi-
tions display the latest and most improved appliances. The opportunity is
given to buy and sell, to meet old friends and make new ones. It is the forum
from which issues the voice of American floriculture in its best and broadest
sense. It is a society to be proud of for its achievements, to be sanguine of
for its opportunities. We meet clothed with the new dignity of a iiit.ion.ii

14 PKOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

charter; we assume new responsibilities; our "manifest destiny" is plainer
before us than ever. Let us rise to the occasion^ let us renew our fealty to the
old-new society, let us show that we are worthy of the honor con1[erred upon
us. The vista of the new century opens before us; we enter it auspiciously;
with our feet firmly planted on the solid foundation which has been laid, and
our ej^es fixed on . the rising sun of promise ; in serried ranks, shoulder to
slioulder, let us march forth to new fields and more glorious achievements.

JUDGES FOR THE TRADE EXHIBITION.

The President announced, as the first order of business^ the ap-
pointment of judges for the Trade Exhibition.

Secretary Stewart read the appointments as far as completed.

Several vacancies in the list were filled by the appointment of
gentlemen suggested by members of the Convention. The list, as
corrected, was as follows :

Class A, Plants — E. 0. Orpet, Jolin Dingwall, Peter Murray.

Class B, Cut Blooms — R. Flowerday, J. J. Hess, Louis Dupuy.

Class C, Boilers and Heating Apparatus — W. W. Edgar, Wm. Bester,
E. R. Mathisor.

Class D, Greenhouse Appliances and Flower Pots — Geo. M. Kellogg,
W. B. Leach, J. F. Wilcox.

Class E, Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthenware— T. J. Johnston,
G. Bartholme, C. H. Kunzman.

Class F, Bulbs and Seeds — Samuel Henshaw, Warren Ewell, W. S.
Rennie.

Class G, Miscellaneous — E. 0. Orpet, R. Flowerday, W. W. Edgar, Geo.
M. Kellogg, T. J. Johnston, Samuel Henshaw.

The President notified the Judges of the hour of their meeting
(3.00 P. M.) and that meanwhile a blue badge would be furnished
to each of them by the Secretary.

REPORT or THE SECRETARY.

Secretary Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston, being called upon, pre-
sented and read his annual report, which was received with applause.
It was as follows:

Mr. President and Members — A year of uninterrupted prosperity, marked
by a largely augmented membership: a spirited Convention, with a trade ex-
hibition of unprecedented magnitude and a horticultural display of unusual
excellence; a year of harmony and progress — this is, in brief, the record of our
Society for 1900. We have much to remember pleasantly of that great as-

SOCIETY or AMERICAN ELOKISTS. 15

sembly last August, with its brilliant illustration of niunitieent hospitality
and the opportunities allorded for inspecting the most advanced examples of
American ttoricultural industry. It is worthy of special record that, despite
the allurements of the great city, the attendance at the meetings Was unex-
pectedly full, the interest was unabated from start to finish, and the vital ob-
jects ol our coming together were never lost sight of in the bewilderment of
good things so lavishly provided for us by our brethren of the metropolis of
America.

The annual report of proceedings, with full details of everything in con-
nection with the event and much other matter of practical value, was issued,
as usual, in the Fall, and a copy transmitted to each member of the Society,
also to various libraries, societies, clubs and experiment stations making re-
quest therefor. It contains much that will be helptul to the cultivator, and is
valuable as an authentic record of the condition of American floriculture in the
closing of the nineteenth century.

The lists of plants recorded as introduced to commerce in this country
during the year 1900 included four roses, five cannas, seven begonias, seven
sweet peas, twenty-seven carnations, forty-one geraniums, forty-seven chrys-
anthemums and one hundred and fifty miscellaneous plants. In compiling this
annual list, your Secretary makes use of every means of information in his
power, but would respectfully ask all members to notify him promptly when
about to disseminate for the first time any plant of native or foreign origin.

The number of members of 1899 who failed to renew their membership
lor 1900 was 63, including six resignations. The number of new members added
during the year 1900 was Z70, of whom four were life members. The additions
were credited to the various States as follows: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana,
Virginia, West Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Canada, Mexico, one each;
Georgia, Iowa, Wisconsin, Maine, two each; Missouri, New Hampshire, In-
diana, three each; Michigan, five; District of Columbia, seven; Ohio, 11;
Maryland, 13; Connecticut, 14; Illinois, 15; Rhode Island, 17; New Jersey, 19;
Massachusetts, 32; Pennsylvania, 39; New York, 71. It is gratifying to re-
port that many of the State Vice-Presidents have shown commendable zeal
during the present year in endeavoring to increase the membership from their
respective districts. The number of members w^hose names appear on the roll
book as in good standing on December 31, 1900, is 734, of whom 33 are life
D^embers. The number of lite members has now increased to 50.

There have been but four removals by death since we last met: Roderick
McKenzie, died November 26, 1900; W. J. Palmer, died December 19, 1900;
Jf.hn Galvin, died February 24, 1901 ; A. D. Rohrer, died April 4, 19ul.

The official list of new plants registered by tne Society has been increased
by the addition of the following:

August 17, 1900, Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis erecta and N. Washing-
toniensis pendula, by N. Studer.

September 22, 1900, Cannas, Montana and West Grove, by Conard &
Jones Co.

September 22, 1900, Geraniums, Eben E. Rexford and Dr. E. A. Hering,
by Henry Eichholz.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

October 6, 1900, Rose Flush o'Dawn, by M. H. Walsh.

October 6, I'JOO, Dahlias, Salmon Queen and Harlequin, by W. Atlee
Burpee.

October 6, Canna West Virginia, by Gustav Obermeyer.

October 20, 1900, Cannas, Pennsylvania and Betsy Ross, by Conard &
Jones Co.

October 27, 1900, Rose Pan-American, by Peter Henderson & Co.

November 3, 1900, Canna Little Gem, by Peter Henderson & Co.

November 12, 1900, Rose Freedom, by Arthur Griffin.

November 24, 1900, Nephrolepis Piersoni, by E. P. Pier son Co.

December 15, 1900, Carnations, Norway and Egypt, by H. Weber & Son.

December 15, bweet Pea Mise Florence E. Denzer, by A. C. Zvolanek.

January 12, 1901, Carnation Beau Ideal, by Nathan D. Pierce.

February 9, 1901, Sweet Pea Miss Helen M. Gould, by A. C. Zvolanek.

February 26, 1901, Rose Four Hundred, by D. T. Connor.

June 8, 1901, Rose Gainsborough, by Good & Reese Co.

July 20, 1901, Rose Newport Rambler, by Richard Gardner.

July 27, 1901, Cattleya Mossia^ var. Evelyn Sloane, by A. J. Loveless.

July 30, 1901, Rose Dorothy Perkins, by Jackson & Perkins Co.

August 1, 1901, Geranium Mrs. Gov. .Jackson, by Gustav Obermeyer.

August 6, 1901, Gladiolus Park Belle, by Michigan Seed Co.

It is hoped that a plan may be adopted at this meeting whereby all new
plants, of whatever species, may be registered under one bureau. The desira-
bility of an tmiform system in this important department must be evident to
everybody.

The usual executive meeting was held in tliis city on March 5 — 7, all the
n^embers of the board being present except two. The Avelcome news of the final
passage and signing of the bill giving us a national charter was received with
enthusiastic gratitude to our friends, whose long and arduous efforts had ter-
minated so successfully, and a committee was appointed to prepare and send an
appropriate acknowledgment to our honored ex-President, to whom, above all
others, the credit is due. This committee attended to its duties, and the follow-
ing testimoniaL beautifully engrossed and framed, was in due time safely de-
livered at \^'ashington:

TO WILLIAM R. SMITH.

Greeting: The Executive Committee of the S. A. F., assembled at Buffalo,
N. Y., March 5, 1901, on being apprised of the fact that a National Charter
for said Society had been duly granted by Congress and signed by the Presi-
dent of the United States, did then and there unanimously adojit the follow-
ing resolution: Be it resolved,

That in the name of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, which we here represent, we hereby express to our beloved
ex-President and esteemed fellow member, Mr. Wm. R. Smith, superintendent
of the Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C, our grateful appreciation of his
devoted and unselfish efforts on behalf of this Society, and tender our heartfelt
congratulations upon the successful termination of his persevering endeavors
to secure for us a National Charter. The realization, through his instrumen-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17

tality, of this unique privilege, pregnant as it is with possibilities for tlie
great advancement of hortienltiire in America, places him among the bene-
factors of our profession, whose names are imperishable in horticultural
annals.

(Signed) Patrick O'Mara, President; Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary.

In illuminated panels at each of the upper corners appeared these quo-
tations: "Loved at home, revered abroad." "Health and peace and sweet con-
tent."

An appreciative letter has been received from ex-President Smith, who,
being now in Europe, is unable to be present. The letter will be read in the
regular order.

Of the medals provided by the Executive Counnittee for awardthrough the
medium of sister societies, there has been awarded, up to date, one silver medal
by the Newport Horticultural Society for the new dwarf canna Bobs.

The crowning event of the year and of our history as a Society is the ac-
quisition of our national charter. This act of incorporation will have the
eliect of broadening our horizon and opens up before us a wide field for study
and investigation in the development of an American standard for American
horticulture and the encouragement of American horticultural industries.
Horticulture is the best relaxation we can offer to humanity wearied with the
labors of the factory or burdened with the cares ana perplexities of the count-
ing room or the corporation office. With our widened sphere and extending
influence, our opportunity for useful activity is hindered only by lack of funds
which, with the now assured permanency of oiir organization, should be se-
cured in some way. Given the requisite facilities for gathering the right mate-
rial, it would seem that the time is now here when the issuing of a quarterly
bulletin from the secretary's office might be carried on with great benefit to our
members. But with our present income, this is out of the question.

The kind assistance and many courtesies extended at all times by the
officers and members of the Society are deeply appreciated by your Secretary,
and contribute not a little to making the performance of the duties of his
office an unalloyed pleasure.

On motion of Mr. A. S. Burns, of Xew York, it was ordered that
the report be received and placed on file.

report of the treasurer.
Treasurer H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa., being called upon, pre-
sented and read his annual report, and also a supplemental report for
the period from January 1st to August 1st, 1901, which were re-
ceived with applause. The reports were as follows :

JANUARY 1, 1900, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

1900.
Jan. 1. Balance as per statement rendered $850.55

18 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

liECEIPTS.

Jan. 25. Received from W. J. Stewart, Secy, Book 251-300, dues

1898, $9.00; dues 1899, $123.00; dues 1900, $21.00 $153.00

Feb . 26. Received from ^V. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 351-400, dues

1899, $24.00 ; dues 1900, $123.00 147.00

]\Iar. 1. Received from interest on deposit balance to date 3.00

April 12. Received from Lord & Burnham for advertisement 25.00

Received from Hitchings & Co. for advertisement 25.00

Received fiom C..\V. Ward for advertisement 15.00

-May 7. Received from ^^^ J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 151-198, initia-
tion 240.00

July 31. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 401-450, dues 1899,

$15.00 ; dues 1900, $132.00 147.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 1-50, dues 1900,

$144.00 ; dues 1901, $6.00 150.00

Received interest on deposit balance to June 25 6.21

Aug. 6. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 201-250, initia-
tion 245.00

Aug. 15. Received from VV. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 51-100, dues

1900, $141.00; dues 1901, $6.00 147.00

Sept. 24. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 301-350, dues

1898 3.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 451-500, initia-
tion, $5.00; dues 1899, $45.00; dues 1900, $57.00 107.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 151-200, dues

1900, $144.00 ; dues 1901, $6.00 150.00

Received from W. J." Stewart, Sec'y, Book 251-300, initia-
tion 245.00

Received from \Y. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 301-350, initia-
tion 250.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 101-150, dues

1899, $3.00; dues 1900, $141.00; dues 1901, $3.00 147.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 401-450, initia-
tion 240.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 251-300, dues

1900, $147.00; dties 1901, $3.00 150.00

Dec. 31. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 351-400, initia-
tion 230.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 301-350, dues

1899, $6.00; dues 1900, $141.00; dues 1901, $3 150.00

Received from interest on deposit balance to December 25. 15.24

Received from H. B. Beatty, donation to Life Membership

Fund 7.00

Received from H. B. Beatty, donation to General Fund. . . . 3.00

Total receipts for 1900, $3,000.45. $3,851.00

SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS.

19

1900.

PAYMENTS.

Jan.

25.

Life Membership Fund,

Keb.

15.

W. N. Eudd,
W. W. Coles,
E. H. Cushman,
J. F. pSullivan,
.J. D. Carmody,
A. B. Cartledge,
E. M. Wood,
Wni. J. Stewart,
H. B. Beatty,

26.

John F. Cowell,

Mar.

12.

Derrick Publishing Co.,

July

31.

Wm. J. Stewart,
Wm. J. Stewart,
N. Stafford,
Wm. J. Stewart,

Aug.

18.

A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Cc

Sept

24.

Robert Kift,

J. I. Gilbert,

A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Co.,

Wm. J. Stewart,

Wm. J. Stewart,

Nov.

26.

Daniel Gunn & Co.,

Dec.

IS.

Wm. J. Stewart,

31.

Wm. J. Stewart,
Wm. J. Stewart,
Life Membership Fund,
Life Membership Fund,

as per voucher No

Total disbursements
Cash on hand

SUMMARY.

0. 152

$27.05

' 153

50.77

' 154

45.45

' 155

32.00

' 156

22.00

' 157

51.95

' 158

4.00

' 159

11.75

' 160

11.75

' 161

26.00

' 162

22.80

" 163

7.00

' 164

64.05

' 165

94.61

" 166

60.00

' 167

375.00

" 168

40.35

" 169

90.00

' 170

35.00

' 171

18.85

" 172

62.15

' 173

107.39

" 174

289.68

" 175

375.00

" 176

66.93

" 177

72.00

" 178

24.45

" 179

7.00

.$2,094.98
. 1,756.02

$3,851.00

Received dues for year 1898 $12.00

Received dues for year 1899 ' 216.00

Received dues for year 1900 1,191.00

Received dues for year 1901 27.00

Received for initiations 1,455.00

Total dues $2,901.00

For advertising in Proceedings of Annual Convention 65.00

Received interest on general fund balance 24.45

Received donation from H. B. Beatty 10.00

20 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Total receipts $3,000.45

Cash on hand January 1, 1900 850.55

Total $3,851.00

CREDIT SUMMARY.

Secretary's salary $750.00

Assistants to Secretary at Annual Meeting 62.15

Executive Committee Meeting 278.47

Copying Proceedings Executive Committee Meeting 5.00

Stenographer's Report of Annual Convention 75.00

Printing Proceedings of Annual Convention 289.68

Miscellaneous Printing 72.20

Secretary's Office Expenses:

Postage $123.88

Stationery 46.90

Typewriting and Engrossing 15.25

Telegrams 6.80

Express 4.35 197.18

Silver and Bronze Medals 54.65

Badges 82.10

Miscellaneous Expenses :

Miscellaneous $27.05

Stereopticon Illustrations, N. Y. Meeting 110.00

Medal Boxes 10.00

Trunk Line Agent 23.00 170.05

Life Membership Fund, interest for 1899 $27.05

Life Membership Fund, interest for 1900 24.45

Life Membership Fund, Donation, H. B. Beatty 7.00 ■ 58.50

Total Disbursements $2,094.98

Balance on hand 1,756.02

Total $3,851.00

LIFE MEMBERSHIP FUND.
1900.

Jan. 1. Amount on hand $585.00

Received from No. 24, F. W. Taylor $30.00

Received from No. 25, F. R. Newbold 30.00

Received from No. 26, A. H. Langjahr 25.00

Received from No. 27, Thos. F. Galvin 30.00

Received from >Jo. 28, W. A. Daggett 30.00

Received from No. 29, P. Welch 25.00

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLOEISTS. 21

Received from iSo. 30, Arthur Herrington $26.00

Received from No. 31, VV. J. Stewart 25.00

Received from No. 32, Julius Roehrs 25.00

Received from No. 33, Robert Craig 25.00

Received from E. M. Wood, donation 11.75

Received from H. B. Beatty, donation 7.00

Reeeiv ed from interest on general fund, 1899 27.05

Received from interest on general fund, 1900 24.45

Received from interest on Life Mem. Fund, 1900 29.20 $369.45

Dec. 31 . . Amount on hand $954.45

Examined and found correct.

Edmund M. Wood,
A. B. Cartledqe,
J. F. Sullivan,
March 5, 1901. Auditors.

SUPl'LEMENTAEY KLPOET DEC. 31, 1900, TO JULY 31, 1901.

1901.
Jan. 1. Balance as per statement rendered $1,756.02

RECEIPTS.

Feb. 1. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec"y, Book 351-400, dues

1901 . 147.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 401-450, dues

1901 ! 147.00

Mar. 2.5. Receiver from American Rose Co., advertisement, 1899. . . . 15.00

Received from Lord & Burnham Co., advertisement, 1900 . . 25.00

Received fi-om Hitchings & Co., advertisement, 1900 25.00

May 25. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 1-50, dues 1901. . 150.00

July 28. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 51-100, dues 1901. 150.00
Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 101-150, dues

1901, $147.00; dues 1902, $3.00. . .' 150.00

July 31. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 451-500, initia-
tion, 1901 245.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 151-200, dues

1901, $135.00; dues 1902, .^12.00. ." 147.00

Interest on deposit balance to June 25th, 1901 16.62

'Jotal $2,973.64

Receipts for 1901 to July 31, $1,217.62.

1901. PAYMENTS.

Feb. 28. Derrick Publishing Co., as per voucher No. 180 $3.50

Mar. 23. Alex. Wallace, " " 181 19.00

C. W. ^Vard, " " 182 25.00

22

PKOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Mar. 27.
Jiily 25.
July 28.
July 30.

Patrick O'Mara.
J. F. Sullivan,
Emil Buettner,
R. Witterstaetter,
A. B. Cartledge,
VVm. J. Stewart,
Edmund M. Wood,
H. B. Beatty,
Wm. J. Stewart,
J. D. Carmody,
N. Stafford Co.,
Wm. J. Stewart,
Wm. J. Stewart,

per voucher No

.183

$19.00

184

18.00

185

33.00

186

29.50

187

21.00

ISS

25.00

189

25.00

190

14.80

191

2t3.92

192

41.90

193

60.00

194

213.77

195

375.00

Total disbursements $950.39

Cash on hand $2,023.25

$2,973.64
SUMMAET.

deceived initiations for year 1901 $245.00

Beceived dues for year 1901 876.00

Eeceived dues for year 1902 15.00

Total dues and initiations $1,136.00

Received for advertising 65.00

Received interest on general fund balance 16.62

Total receipts $1,217.62

Cash on hand January 1st, 1901 1,756.02

Total $2,973.64

CREDIT SUMMAEY.

Secretary's salary for six months $375.00

Executive Committee meeting 271.20

Copying proceedings Executive Committee meeting 5.00

Miscellaneous Printing 34.50

Secretary's Office Expenses:

Postage $75.10

Stationery 30.03

Typewriting and Engrossing 9.25

Telegrams 3.56

Express 2.25

120.25

Annual Badges GO.OO

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23

Miscellaneous Expenses:

Report of Meeting of Incorporators $20.00

Engrossing and Framing Smith Kesolutions 30.00

Trunk Line Agent 29.00

Collection on Checks 3.29

Boxes 50

- — ■ — — $82.79

Fire Insurance 1,65

Total Disbursements $950.39

Balance on Hand 2,023.26

$2,973.64

1901. LTFE AIEMRERSIIIP FUND.

Jan. 1. Amount on hand 954.45

Receivec' from No. 34, J. J. Harris $25.00

Received from No. 35, Patrick O'Mara 25.00

Received from No. 36; A. M. Murdoch 25.00

Received from No. 37, H. Thiemann 25.00

Received from No. 38, E. J, Welch 25.00

Received from No. 39, Peter Bisset 30.00 "

Received from No. 40, W. F. Kasting 25.00

Received from No. 41, J. K. M. L. Farquhar 30.00

Received from No 42, Jas. F. M. Farquhar 30.00

Received from No. 43, R. Witterstaetter 25.00

Received from No. 44, J. D. Iralay 25.00

Received from No. 45, J. L. Dillon 25.00

Received from No. 46, Joseph Fuller 25.00

Received from No. 47, Jas. Hartshorne 25.00

Received from E. M. Wood, Donation 25.00

Received from H. B. Beatty, Donation 14.80

Received from Int. Life Fund to July 1. Umi 20.37

425.17

Amount on Hand $1,379.62

Treasurer Beatty accompanied his annual report with the state-
ment that he had just received from a friend on the platform. Mr.
C. W. Ward, a donation of $45.55, which brought up the total of the
Life Membership Fund, on January 1st, 1901, to an even $1,000.
[Applause.]

President O'Mara remarked that the report was a very gratifying
one at this time, when entering upon a new century.

On motion of Mr. A. S. Burns, of New York, it was ordered that
the report be received and placed on file.

■^ i PROCEEDINGS OF SEVEXTEEXTII COXVEXIIOX

REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

The President announced, as the next order of business, reports
of State Vice-Presidents. He said :

The Chair takes this occasion to thank the State Vice-Presidents person-
ally for the extra efforts they have made this year. We have from them
many and very valuable reports, and these contributions to the literature of the
Society will prove to be of exceptional interest when printed in our official
record. The Chair trusts that they will be supplemented, from year to year,
by additional reports of like character. In this way the Society of American
Florists will present the best history of the progress of floriculture that can
be made, because it comes from the men who are actually engaged in the
work and who are giving their personal attention to collecting data of that
nature. Many reports for the current year have been presented, and some of
them are voluminous. The question is whether the Convention wishes to
hear them read at this time in detail, or prefers to have them filed as re-
ceived and subsequently set fortli at length in the printed record of our pro-
ceedings.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo: Mr. President, it would seem to make an
invidious distinction if one or more of them were read and not all, and, as I
know that some of the reports are voluminous and all are very valuable, 1
move that the reports be received and ordered to be printed in the official
record of the Convention.

Mr. Scott's motion was voted upon and carried without dissent.

The President here took occasion to further commend the work
of the State Vice-Presidents. He said their reports would form one of
the most valuable features of the Society's publication ; that those of-
ficers had acted, almost without exception, as advance agents ,of the
Society, and had done much to promote the interests of floriculture
within their respective districts. On behalf of the Society, he re-
newed his thanks for the services rendered. He added :

The Chair also reminds the State Vice-Presidents that they are entitled
to wear a special badge which has been prepared for their use. Some of
the more modest of their number may dislike to be "badged" too much, but
we want to know who the State Vice-Presidents are, and this designation
will enable us to recognize them.

[Note. — The Reports will be found in the later pages of this book.]
, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The President announced the next item of business to be re-
ports of standing and special committees, and interrogated the Sec-
retary as to reports handed to him.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 2o

Secretary Stewart: I have received an annoimceiiient from the Leg-
islative Committee that nothing worthy of special notice has transpired dur-
ing the year. From the CUiims Committee no report has been received,
though possibly some member of it may have a report to make here. Of the
special committees, the Committee on Fertilizers, of which Mr. Ward is
Chairman, is the only one, I believe, from which a report is expected to-day.

ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS.

]VIr. C. W. Ward^ of Queens, N. Y., Chairman of the Committee
on Artificial Fertilizers, responded as follows:

Mr. President — I have very little to report for the reason that illness
prevented me from carrying on experiments which I had intended to finish
by this time, but I will say to you that, so far as we have progressed in
the use of artificial fertilizers, we have been successful. I have reason to be-
lieve that many of us will grow a large proportion of ovir green house products
upon artificial fertilizers: in fact I think the time will come when Ave will
be forced to do that. We are now entering upon what is termed "the
horseless era," resulting from the gradual disuse of horse power. Our
grazing lands are diminishing from year to year. This means that the
source upon which we have depended for our supply of natural fertilizers is
being reduced and as a consequence we will be compelled to resort to arti-
ficial fertilizers as a substitute for natural manures. Last year we grew
a large proportion of our plants upon artificial fertilizers and were eminently
successful. I would commend to those who are interested in this subject a
work on fertilizers by Vortices. I think the cost of it is $1.50. It will pay
any of you to buy that work and read it.

GOMMUNICATIONS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Secretary Stewart read, for general information, various com-
munications addressed to him, which were greeted with applause, viz. :

Telegram from San Francisco, Cal.: The Pacific Coast Horticultural
Society sends greeting and a heartfelt wish that a strong national organiza-
tion may result from the Convention's success.

H. H. LiLLiENTHAL, Secretary.

Telegram from Bar Harbor, Me. : Regret illness prevents attendance at
meeting. Best wishes for the success of the Society under national charter.

Edmund M. Wood.

Invitation from Management of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to
be held at St. Louis, Mo., in 1903, to hold the annual meeting of that year
in that city. [See latter part of this volume.]

Invitations from the Citizens' Business League and the Florists' Club
of Milwaukee, to hold the next meeting in that city.

26 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Letter from ex-President Wm. R. Smith, as follows:

To Mr. Patrick O'Mara, President 8. A. F., and Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, Secre-
tary ii. A. F.

(Gentlemen: As the representatives of the Executive Committee of the So-
ciety of American Florists, permit me to thank you, and, through you, them
and the feociety of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, for the
testimonial left in my library in my absence. Words fail to express my appre-
ciation of its beauty and elegance. It is difficult to say whether it excels in
phraseology or in artistic execution; both are excellent and give me unfeigned
delight.

I regretted to leave so suddenly, without showing to you and the incor-
porators that courtesy which my heart felt, for your careful deliberation on
the great subject which has engrossed my attention for the last ten years. 1
am truly sorry that circumstances will prevent me from appearing in person,
at the meeting in Buffalo, to thanK you each and all individually.

The genial, kindly way the incorporators met, and the earnest manner in
which the discussions proceeded, augur well, in my opinion, for the great
success of ornamental horticulture in the future. All seemed to realize the im-
portance of union. The form of the union is a secondary matter compared
with the thing itself, the reality.

In the afternoon of life it is pleasant to be thought well of by those with
whom you have intimately associated for years in an effort to promote horti-
culture. Hence, my appreciation of the great compliment paid me by the testi-
monials can be better felt than expressed. Let me 'hope that the society may
live long and prosper, and

"May never wicked fortune touzle it,
May never wicked men bamboozle it,"

iiut may it go on and on in the great work of elevating the national taste, till
time itself shall be no more.

Thanking you for your kind testimonial. I am.

Very sincerely yours,

Wm. R. Smith.
National Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C, July 22, 1901.

Circular letter from the Horticultural Society of New York, as follows:

Office of the Secretary,
130 Liberty Street, New York City.

(rentlemen — It is proposed ay the Horticultural Society of New York to
hold an international conference on Plant Breeding and Hybridization during
the year 1902; the month of September being suggested as the most acceptable
time; this conference to provide for the reading and discussion of papers and
the discussion of special topics pertaining to the subject; also an exhibition of
hybrid plants, with their products, and all the related literature. It is further
proposed to publish a complete report of the proceedings.

The Society is already assured of the co-operation of the Bureau of Plant
Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the American Institute of
Arts and Sciences of the City of New York, the Society of American Florists,
the New York Botanical Gardens and the School of Practical Agriculture and
Horticulture, the American Pharmacological Society and the Torrey Botanical
Club.

You are respectfully invited to participate in this important meeting;
and it is requested that you inform us by September I5th, 1901, whether you
will assist, and, if so, what part you or any persons del^^gated by you will

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 37

take in the piograiuuie. Vou are also invited to offer any suggestions which
may be of value to the organizing Society.

Kindly address your reply to Leonard Barron, Secy. Horticultural So-
ciety of New York, as above.

Yours respectfully,

Chairman of the Council.

Secretary Steavart also made the following announcements:

That the meeting of the Chrysanthemum Society of America would be
held in the Convention Hall, this day, at three o'clock P. M.

That he had been requested to ask persons intending to attend the Presi-
dent's reception in the evening to be present promptly at eight o'clock, so that
that pleasant function could be concluded in time for the illustrated lecture
thf.t was to follow.

The President remarked that the only communication apparently
requiring immediate attention was the one requesting co-operation in
the Plant Breeding and Hybridizing Congress in 1903. He thought
that if it was referred to the Executive Committee, with power to act,
the matter would receive due consideration.

On motion of Mr. Edgar Sanders^ of Chicago, the communication
was referred to the Executive Committee, with power to act under the
circumstances.

mtscellaneous business.

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, if in order, 1
make a motion that a vote of thanks be tendered to Mr. C. W. Ward for hia
donation of $45.55 to the Permanent Fund.

]\Ir. Loxsdale's motion was carried without dissent, and the
thanks of the Society were tendered, by the Chair, to the gentleman
named.

]\Ir. Wm. Scott, of the Buffalo Committee, reminded the audience
of the ladies' carriage ride, to start at two P. M. 'He explained that
accommodations had l^een secured for 335 ladies, the following gen-
tlemen to be constituted a committee of escort: President O'Mara,
Mayor Diehl, Messrs. E. G. Hill, James Dean, Edwin Lonsdale,
M. H. I^ORTON, J. D. Carmody, J. Austin Shaw, Edgar Sanders,
A. B. Cartledge and J. W. C. Deake. He added, with characteristic
humor, that, as a representative of the younger element, he would go
along himself. [Merriment and applause.]

28 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEEXTH CONVENTION

ADJOURNMENT.

iSTo response being made to the call of the Chair for further mis-
cellaneons business, on motion (at 12 noon), an adjournment was
ordered until evening.

FIRST DAY-EVENING.

THE PRESIDENT S RECEPTION.

President O'Mara's reception, at Convention Hall, in the even-
ing, was an event of social importance in which the ladies took a
prominent part. About 500 persons participated. A line was formed
and each guest in turn was presented to the President and his asso-
ciates. A few moments of social conversation followed and then the
guests retired to seats in the hall. Music was furnished by an or-
chestra. President O'Mara was assisted in receiving b}' Secretary
Stewart, Miss O'Mara, Vice-President Kasting and Mrs Kasting,
Treasurer Beatty and Mrs. Beatty.

HORTICULTURE IN JAPAN.

A lecture upon "Horticulture in Japan," with stereopticon views,
by Mr. J. K. M. L. Farquhar, of Boston, proved to be most valuable
and instructive, the lecturer holding the close attention of his au-
dience throughout his interesting discourse.

After showng that Japan had honowed iDUch from her older neighbor,
China, and that the Japanese Jlorists and nurserymen derive their profit
from the sale of tea to visitors in their gardens rather than from the sale
of plants, he said that Lilium lancifolium is cultivated in large quantities,
but L. auratum is native and is collected, and the supply is b^ing exhausted.
That L. auratum is collected is proven by the fact that no two consignments
have the same color of dirt on the bulbs. These lilies are found in pockets
in the mountains, at a depth of 18 inches below the surface. The prospect
is that we shall not got this lily from Japan much longer, and the price will
become prohibitory.

He explained that the claim that L. auratum is a cross between longi-
floruni and Henry ii was made by those who had never been in Japan. L.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOltlSTS. 29

lleniyii was discovered in 1888, and two years ago only 300 bulbs of it were
to be found in Japan. L. auratum was abundant and widely distributed until
the supply was diminished by exjjortations. L. longiflorum is also abundant.
He considered L. auratum a species.

He said that the gardens and nurseries around Tokio are more nu-
merous than the total of any other three cities of the world. One specialist
in morning glories has some 150 distinct varieties, many of which are ex-
ingly pretty. He secures only about four ounces of seed each year, worth $50
an ounce, a fact that should be remembered when so-called high priced morning
glory seeds are ofi'ered at ton cents a packet. The Japs were quick to catch
on to the fact that such valuable seed was wanted, and they accommodated
us by going out into the woods and collecting it. [Merriment.] The morn-
ing glories are grown in pots, and it is almost impossible to get a supply
of the high t-lass seeds unless by special arrangement.

Many of the dwarfed Japanese trees, the lecturer said, are not so old
as they are said to be, and close inspection will often reveal the places
where they have been grafted. He spoke of the vacillating and unreliable
nature of the Japanese merchant when compared with the Chinaman, the
latter invariably carrying out his contracts to the letter.

On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered i o Mr. Farquhar by the
Society.

Adjourned until the following day.

SECOND DAY-MORNING.

Wednesday, August 7, 1901.
The morning session opened late, as members were dilatory in
making their appearance, but following the call to order the benches
filled up rapidly and the attendance soon fully equalled that of the
opening session.

REPORTS OF JUDGES ON THE TRADE EXHIBITION,

The first business was the reading of the reports of the committees
of Judges on the Trade Exhibition. Each report, as read, was acted
upon by the Convention; a motion for its adoption being voted upon
and carried without dissent. The motions to this effect were made
by Messrs. Sanders^ of Chicago, and Cushman, of Euclid, Ohio.

[The Judges' reports iu full will be fouud in later page-s of tliis volume.]

'60 rROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ACCEPTANCE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER AND ACTION PURSUANT

THERETO.

Preliminary to action upon the new Constitution and By-laws
under the recently acquired National Charter, Secretary Stewart
read, for general information, the full text of the charter granted by
the Congress of the United States. It was as follows :

An act, to incorporate the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists within the District of Columbia.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That James Dean, of Freeport,
Charles W. Ward, of Queens, William Scott, of Buffalo, and Charles Hen-
derson, of New York City, all in the State of New York; William J. Stew-
art, Michael H. Norton, and Patrick Welch, of Boston, Edmund M. Wood,
of Natick, and Lawrence Cotter, of Dorchester, all in the State of Massa-
chusetts; i^dward G. Hill, of Richmond, in the State of Indiana; John N.
May, of Summit, John G. Esler, of Saddle River, Patrick O'iMara, of Jersey
City, William A. Manda, of South Orange, all in the State of New Jersey;
Benjamin Durfee, William R. Smith, William F. Gude. and Henry Small, Jr.,
of Washington, in the District of Columbia; Willis N. Rudd, of Chicago, Emil
Buettner, of Park Ridge, John C. Vaughan, of Chicago, all in the State of
Illinois; Joseph A. Dirwanger, of Portland, in the State of Maine; Robert
Craig, Edwin Lonsdale, W. Atlce Burpee, and Jolm Burton, of Philadelphia,
H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, and William Falconer, of Pittsburg, all in the
State of Pennsyh'ania ; George M. Kellogg, of Pleasant Hill, in the State of
Missouri; John T. D. Fulm.er, of Des Moines, and J. C. Rennison, of Sioux
City, in the State of Iowa; L. A. Berckmans, of Augusta, in the State of
Georgia; H. Papworth, of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana; Elmer
D. Smith, of Adrian, and Harry Balsley, of Detroit, in the State of Michigan ;
F- A. Whelan, of Mount Vernon on the Potomac, in the State of yirginia ;
Adam Graham, of Cleveland, in the State of Ohio; William Fraser, of Balti-
more, in the State of Maryland ; .John Spalding, of New London, and John
N. Champion, of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut; and Charles W.
Hoitt, of Nashua, in the State of New Hampshire, their associates and suc-
cessors, are hereby created a body corporate and politic, by the name of
The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, for the
development and advancement of floriculture and horticulture in all their
branches, to increase and diffuse the knowledge thereof, and for kindred
purposes in the interest of floriculture and horticulture. Said association is
authorized to adopt a constitution and to make by-laws not inconsistent with
law, to hold real and personal estate in the District of Columbia, so far only
as may be necessary to its lawful ends, to an amount not exceeding fifty
thousand dollars, and such other estate as may be donated or bequeathed
in any State or Territory: Provided, That all property so held, and the pro-
ceeds thereof, shall be held and used solely for the purposes set forth in the
Act. The principal office of the association shall be at Washington, in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31

the District of Columbia, but annual meetings may be held in such places
as the incorporators or their successors shall determine. Provided, That this
corporation shall not be permitted to occupy any park of the City of Wash-
ington.

Sec. 2. That Congress reserves the right to alter, amend, or repeal
this Act in whole or in part.

Mr. H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa. : Mr. President, I offer the
following resolution :

Resolved, That the charter granted by Congress, on March 4th, 1901.
be and is hereby accepteu by the members of the Society of American Flor-
ists and Ornamental Horticulturists in ann\ial meeting assembled.

The President stated the question upon agreeing to the resolu-
tion and, after taking the vote (which was unanimous in the affirma-
tive), declared the resolution adopted and that the Charter had been
formally accepted by the Society.

Mr. H. B. Beatty : Mr. President, I now offer the following reso-
lution :

Resolved, That all the assets of the Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists, including money in the Treasury, medals, lists
of plants, copyrights, good will and all other property of whatever description
be and are hereby transferred to the new Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists, as organized under the new charter.

The President stated the question upon . agreeing to the resolu-
tion, remarking that it provided for going through the formality of
transferring to the new Society all property and funds; and, after
taking the vote (which was unanimous in the affirmative), declared
the resolution adopted.

THE new constitution AND BY-LAWS.

The next business was the presentation of the new Constitution
and By-Laws under the Charter.

The Prestoent: The new Constitution and By-Laws adopted by the
Incorporators of the Society, at Washington, will now be presented to you.
They will be read by the Secretary, section by section, and a vote taken
upon each article as read. Printed copies have been distributed, so that the
members will be able to follow the Secretary as he proceeds.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Secretary Stewart read Article I.

On motion of IMr. Edwin Lonsdale^ of Philadelphia, the article
was adopted. It was as follows:

ARTICLE I.

OBJECTS.

The objects of the society are to advance the love of fioriculture and horti-
culture in America ; to promote and encourage the development of their indus-
tries; to classify their products; to hold meetings and exhibitions; to co-oper-
ate with the national and State governments and regularly organized horticul-
tural bodies in disseminating horticultural knowledge.

Secretary Stewart read Article II., specifying the officers of the
Society, prescribing their duties, manner of their election, etc.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAN called attention to the paragraph concerning
•'Directors,^' and inquired whether it was proposed that they should
take the place of the Executive Committee of the old Society.

Secretary Stewart replied that the succeeding article (III.)
made provision for an Executive Board, of which "the Directors"
were to be members.

Mr. W. N. RuDD, of Chicago: I ask the Chair, for information, which
Society is now in session — the incorporated one or the old one?

The President replied that, a resolution having just been passed
accepting the Charter as read, the new Society had taken the place of
its predecessor.

'Mr. EuDD then submitted, as a point of order, that the new Con-
stitution and By-Laws, having been adopted by the incorporators,
were now the Constitution and By-Laws of the Society; and, conse-
quently, it was not competent for the present Convention to amend
them, as amendments could only be made upon notice thereof being
given at a preceding meeting and action thereon at a subsequent
meeting, as provided by Article X. of the new By-Laws.

The President: The Chair thinks that this body is fully competent to
act upon the question^ now presented to it.

Mr. C. W. Ward said he thought jMr. Rudd's position was the cor-
rect one, and was strictly in accordance with the practice in the or-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33

ganization of corporations. He called upon Mr. Beatty for an ex-
pression of opinion. ' -

Mr. H. B. Beatty explained that the intention of the incorpor-
ators was not to adopt the By-Laws irrespective of the Society, but
simply to put them in shape and recommend them to the Society for
adoption.

Mr. Ward suggested that possibly the better course to pursue
would be to proceed with the work of perfecting the By-Laws and
afterwards adopt them as a whole.

The Peesidext: The Chair holds to the idea that this body is act-
ing within its rights and powers in passing upon and amending the By-
Laws presented to it, one of which has been adopted.

Mr. DuEiE, of Eahwav, N. J., made an inquiry in regard to the
word "First" before "Vice-President," wherever it occurred in Article
II. As there was but one A^ice-President of the Society, he thought
the word superfluous.

Secretary Stewart explained that his recollection was that the
word had been inserted, at the AVashington meeting, upon the sugges-
tion of one of the incorporators, to give the Vice-President of the
Society precedence over the State Vice-Presidents, and to avoid the
possibility of a legal tangle at some time in the future.

The President remarked that, in case of a vacancy in the office
of President, by death or disability, no one of the State Vice-Presi-
dents would be in the line of succession, but the First Vice-President
alone would be the successor.

Mr. DuRiE: There is no Second Vice-President. I, therefore, move that
the word "First" be stricken out.

Mr. W. N. EuDD here reminded the Society that it was now start-
ing out under a charter, as a corporate body, and it was reasonable to
assume that it would become an owner of property. He desired to
avoid the possibility of the title to that property being invalidated at
some time in the future because of flaws in the proceedings at this
time ; and therefore he urged that amendments should be merely pro-
posed at this meeting and laid over for action at the next annual meet-

34 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ing. He thought that this would prevent any question about the le-
gality of the present method of procedure.

Mr. J. G. EsLEB, of Saddle Eiver, N. J. : As one of the incorporatora wh©
attended the meeting at Washington, I would say that, after they had
adopted this Constitution and By-Laws, the incorporators elected the present
officers and Executive Committee of this Society. So that you, Mr. President,
and your official associates are officers under the new charter and the new
membership. Therefore, I think the position taken by Mr. Kudd is legally
correct and that, as we are now operating under this charter, all proposed
amendments to it should lie over for future action.

Mr. C. W. Ward expressed the opinion that the new Society did
not yet exist in point of fact, and that the old Society would continue
in existence until the present annual meeting had been adjourned
and the new Society convened.

Mr. BuRiE, acting upon a suggestion from the Chair, withdrew
his motion to amend in order to permit some action on the question
at issue.

Mr. EuDD then moved that the old Society adjourn without day.

Mr. A. Grahajni, of Cleveland, in seconding the motion, said he
favored it as a means of bringing in the members of the old Society
as charter members of the new organization.

Mr. Ward said the incorporators expected the old Society to accept
their work, and he thought it would be unwise now to refuse to accept
it. He suggested that the Convention rescind the motion accepting
the charter, then take up the By-Laws, let everybody have his say about
them, and act upon them. He asked Mr. Kudd to withdraw his ques-
tion of order so that this could be done.

Mr. W. H. Barnes denied that the committee of incorporators pos-
sessed greater power than did the Society itself or that they could
do away with the Society. He thought it foolish to attempt to end
the old Society by an adjournment without day before a new organi-
zation was created.

Mr. George V. Smith, of Baltimore, argued that the Society of
American Florists would continue as before, that it would be the
same body, but that it would simply have a new charter.

SOCIETY OF AIMERICAX FLORISTS. 35

Mr. J. Austin Shaw expressed his concurrence in the view stated
by Mr. Ward, that the adoption of the By-Laws should have preceded
the acceptance of the charter.

Mr. H. B. Beatty: A few moments ago, the old Society of American
Florists adopted a resolution accepting this charter and transferring all ita
assets and property to the new society. The moment that that resolution
passed, the old organization died and the new society was born. Each
member who voted for that resolution severed his connection with the old
and became a member of the new body. The resolution was drawn with
that purpose in view. I will agree with Mr. Rudd that the better course
would have been to have adjourned the old organization without day, but we
did not do that: and legally, and in every other way, the new Society is
now in existence. The incorporators of the new Society present this charter
to the members of the old body, who may accept or reject it. If they ac-
cept it they become members of the new Society.

Mr. C. W. TuRXLEY, of Haddonfield, N. J., called attention to the
fact that a portion of the By-Laws had been adopted, and urged that
the remainder should be acted upon, as, by that means, the Society
would become a corporation under the charter.

Mr. Rudd here withdrew his point of order, remarking that he did
not regard it as Avorthy of further discussion.

The President suggested that a little more common sense and less
legal and technical knowledge would have facilitated an earlier solu-
tion of the problem.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAN moved that the decision of the Chair, as
stated in the opening of the discussion, viz., that it was competent
for the Convention to proceed as it was then proceeding, and to adopt
or amend the Constitution and By-Laws, be sustained.

Mr. J. L. Dillon^ of Bloomsburg, Pa., seconded the motion. He
said the Society had authorized the Committee of Incorporators to
procure a charter, and, he thought, it had also authorized them to
draft the By-Laws. By accepting their report and accepting the
charter, the members would become members of the new Society.

Mr. C. W. Ward characterized President O'Mara's remarks about
members having too much technical and legal knowledge as inoppor-
tune, and instanced a recent litigation in his own experience where
the title to certain property had suffered because of lax proceedings
in a corporation meeting. In the present case, he said, the Society

36 rROCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

of American Florists was becoming a property owner; and wlien it
came to sell property it would find that any flaw in its proceedings
would be made use of to its injury by some attorney with "too much
of that technical and legal knowledge." The speaker added that he
did not wish to be technical without a purpose, but he thought that,
in taking action which might be made use of to impair the value of its
propertj^, the Society did not want to proceed in any other than a per-
fectly legal manner.

The discussion here closed.

A vote being taken, Mr. Cushman's motion that the decision of
the Chair be sustained, was carried without dissent.

Mr. DuEiE renewed his motion to amend Article II. by striking out
the word "First" before "Vice-President" wherever it occurred.

Mr. H. B. Beatty explained that the word had been used, upon
legal advice, in order to make more explicit the distinction between
the Vice-President of the Society and a State Vice-President.

Mr. Geo. V. Smith, of Baltimore, pointed out that a State Vice-
President was not regarded as a Vice-President of the Society, and
that, as there was but one Vice-President, the word "First" was un-
necessary.

The President suggested that the designation "First Vice-Presi-
dent" might be found necessary under some circumstances, and that it
had been suggested to the incorporators by counsel.

Mr. DuRie's motion was voted upon and rejected.

Mr. VV. N. RuDD, of Chicago: There is one point in paragraphs (c) and
(d) to which I call attention. I refer to the fixed amounts for salaries of
the Secretary and Treasurer. Unless you see fit, at a subsequent time, to
override your By-Laws, you will be unable at any time within two years to
change the salaries. I would suggest that, instead of a fixed amount being
inserted, the provision should read that they shall be paid "such salary
as may from time to time be allowed by the Society." That enables you to
change the amount at any time. The time may come when it will be de-
veloped, at some meeting, that our funds have run so low that we are un-
able to pay any salaries, or we may desire to increase them; but under the
present arrangement we would have to give one year's notice of a change. 1
therefore move that the Article be amended by striking out the money
amount and inserting in lieu of it, "such salary as may from time to time
be allowed by the Society."

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37

Mr. J. Austin" Shaw seconded the motion.

Mr. Eudd's motion was voted upon and agreed to.

Mr. E. G. GiLLETT, of Cincinnati: Mr. President, it is not to be pre-
sumed that the Secretary is going to have much heart in doing his work
unless he knows that he is going to get something for it. He is going it
blind unless he knows beforehand what his compensation is to be. Now,
I think there should be something done whereby the Secretary will know
what he is going to be paid for his work. I make a motion that some way-
be devised whereby the Secretary can be sure of getting something.

Mr. Gillett's motion, being put to a vote, was agreed to without
dissent.

The pending Article II. was then adopted without objection, as
follows :

ARTICLE II.

OFFICERS, THEIR ELECTION AND DUTIES.

Sec. 1. Officers. The officers of this society shall consist of a president,
first vice-president, secretary, treasurer and such other ifficers, agents and
committees as the president or executive board shall appoint, as hereinafter
provided for.

Sec. 2. Elections and Ajipointments.

(a) The president, first vice-president, secretary and treasurer shall be
elected by ballot at the annual meeting of the society, and their term of office
shall begin with the first day of January next succeeding the election and
shall continue for one year, or until their successors arc duly elected and
qualified.

(6) The president shall appoint on the first day of January of each
year (or on the second daj^ of January when the first falls on Sunday) two
directors to serve for a term of three j^ears. He shall also appoint' at the
same time one State vice-president from each State and territory represented
in the membership, to serve for a term of one year.

(c) Nominations for elective officers shall be made orally at the morning
session of the second day of the annual meeting.

(d) The secretary shall cause official ballots to be prepared according
to the "Australian" form containing the names of all eaadidates nominated
for the various elective offices. Balloting shall take place nt the morning ses-
sion ot the third day of the annual meeting. The president or presiding officer
chall appoint a committee to receive, assort and count the votes given and re-
port the number; the polls shall remain open from 10 A. M. to 12 o'clock
noon; a majority of all the votes cast shall be necessary for an election; and
the president or presiding officer shall declare who is elected.

(e) No person shall be allowed to vote whose dues for the current year
are unpaid, and all voters shall give satisfactory proof of their good standing
in the society, as defined by these by-laws, before being allowed to deposit their
})alIot.

(/) No ballot shall be legal or shall be counted in the result, except
those officially prepared by the society through its secretary.

38 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

[g) Vacancies in any of the offices of the society shall be filled by ap-
pointment by the president, subject to the appro\'al of the executive board.

Sec. 3. Duties of Officers.

(a) President. The president shall preside at all meetings of the so-
ciety, and exercise a general supervision of its affairs. He shall report from
time to time such measures as seem necessary for promoting its objects and ex-
tending its usefulness. He shall annually, on the first day of January, ap-
point two directors to serve for a term of three years, one botanist, one ento-
mologist, one vegetable pathologist, and one State Vice-President for each
State or territory represented in the Society; he shall act as chairman of the
Executive Board at its meetings and sign all diplomas and certifipates of the
Society.

( 6 ) First Vice-President. In the event of the absence, resignation, death
or disability of the President — said disability to be determined by the Execu-
tive Board — the First Vice-President shall exercise all the authority, privi-
leges and power of the President. He shall be a resident of the State in which
the annual meeting is held during his term of office, and shall be the official
representative of the Society under the direction of the Executive Board in all
local preparations for said meeting.

(c) Secretary. The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the
Society and shall have charge of its papers, reports, seal, dies and medals.
He shall audit all bills against the Society, receive and receipt for all fees
and annual assessments, remitting same to the Treasurer, and shall give bonds
for such sum as the Executive Board may from time to time deem sufficient.
He shall keep an alphabetical list of all members and shall notify each member
by mail of all meetings of the Society. He shall duly record the proceedings
at the meetings of the Society and Executive Board, prepare ballots, act as
editor of such publications as are ordered to be printed, and shall prepare and
countersign all diplomas and certificates of the Society. He shall keep a reg-
istration book, in which shall be recorded names and descriptions of new
varieties of plants, under the rules of the Society, application for same having
been duly made by the owner thereof, and shall giA'e prompt public notice of
each registration with the date of same in such horticultural journals as the
Executive Board may direct. He shall receive for his services such salary as
may, from time to time, be allowed by the Society, and traveling expenses
incurred in the performance of his duties shall be paid by the Treasurer.

(d) Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the
Society, and shall pay all bills wiien same have been approved by the President
and Secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under the direc-
tion of the Executive Board, and shall keep a correct record of receipts and
disbursements, rendering an account annually to the Society, the same having
been duly audited at the preceding meeting of the Executive Board. He shall
give bonds in such sum as the Executive Board may from time to time deem
sufficient, the expense of furnishing such bond to be assumed by the Society,
and shall receive for his services such salary as may, from time to time, be
allowed by the Society.

(e) Directors. Thp Directors shall attend all executive meetings as here-
inafter provided and perform such duties as devolve upon them as members of
the Executive Board.

(/) State Vice-Presidents. It shall be the duty of each State Vice-Presi-
dent to make an annual report to the Society of progress and interesting hor-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39

ticultural events that have occurred in his State during the preceding year,
to assist the officers in the discharge of their duties, and in general to pro-
mote as best he can the welfare of the national society. He shall be the
accredited representative of the Society at all meetings and exhibitions of im-
portance in his State.

Secretary Stewart read Article III., on "Government, Executive
Board."

Mr. W. H. Barnes criticised the use of the phrase "about mid-
Lent" in fixing the time of the meeting of the Board.

Mr. E. H, CusHMAN moved to amend by striking out the phrase.
Mr. Cushman's motion, being voted upon, was lost.

The Article as read was then adopted without objection as fol-
lows:

ARTICLE III.

GOVERNMENT. EXECUTIVE BOAKD.

Between tlie sessions of the Society its government shall be vested in an
Executive Board, consisting of the President, Junior ex-President, First Vice-
President, Secretary, Treasurer, six Directors and the duly accredited dele-
gates of co-operative societies as hereinafter provided. A regular meeting of
the Board shall be held each year about mid-Lent, at the call of the Secretary,
upon such date as the President may direct, at which a programme for the
next annual meeting of the Society shall be considered and adopted, a super-
intendent for the exhibition appointed, and special rulos and regulations for
the management of the exhibition shall be arranged. At this meeting the ac-
counts of the Secretary and Treasurer shall be audited, appropriations made
for specific purposes, and such other action taken as in the judgment of the
Board may be for the vv^elfare of the Society, and any action taken by the
Executive Board at its meetings shall be legal and binding upon the Society,
providing that it is not inconsistent with these By-Laws, and provided further,
that no expenditure or contract for expenditure in excess of $100 for any spe-
cial purpose shall be valid until approved by the vote of the Society. It shall
also be the duty of the Executive Board to supervise the proceedings and ex-
hibition of the Society at its annual meeting, and to this end the Board shall
hold during the annual meeting daily sessions at the call of the Secretary.
Special meetings of the Board shall be called by the Secretary on order of the
President, or request of a majority of the members of the Executive Board,
No business other than that stated in the notice shall be transacted at such
meeting. Seven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business at any meeting. The Executive Board may adopt
such rules and regulations for the conduct of their metings and management
of the attairs of the Society as they may deem proper, not inconsistent with
these By-Laws. Mileage shall be allowed all members of the Board in attend-
ance upon regular or special meetings, sessions during the annual convention
alone excepted.

40 . PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Article IV,, on Membership, was read and agreed to, withoul: dis-
cussion, as. follows : .

AKTICLE iV. ...

MEMBERSHIP.

Sec. 1. Eligibility. All jjersons interested in horticulture, professional
or amateur, and manufacturers of and dealers in horticultural supplies shall
be eligible for membership individually in this Society.

Sec. 2. Fees and Assessments. The payment of $30 shall secure a life
membership in the Society and exempt from all future assessments. Any
eligible person may become a member for the current year by the payment
of $5, and such membership may be continued by the payment of an assess-
ment of .$3 in advance each consecutive year. Any annual member in orood
standing may become a life member by the payment of $25.

Article V., on "Co-Operative Societies," was read as follows ;

ARTICLE V.

CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES.

Any national or State organization making application therefor, and
whose aims and purposes are in harmony with the charter of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists may be enrolled as a co-
operative society thereof, by an affirmative vote of this Society.

Sec;. 1. Delegates. Each duly enrolled co-operative society having a mem-
bership of fifty or more in good standing, of whom at least twenty-five are
members in good standing of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, shall be entitled to elect one delegate annually, who shall
serve for one year as a member of the Executive Board with all the powers,
rights and privileges appertaining thereto.

Sec. 2. Registration. All registration of new plants by member^ of co-
operative societies shall be effected through and by the office of the Secretary
of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, under
the rules of said Society. In case of a dispute as to a name, it shall be referred
to its special society tor settlement, subject to the final approval of the So-
ciety of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. All legislative,
botanical, pathological or entomological matters shall be referred to the reg-
ularly constituted committees and authorities of said Society, any expense
appertaining thereto to be paid by the Society of American Florists and Or-
namental Horticulturists, subject to the approval of the Executive Board-
The Secretary of the S. A. F. shall also incorporate in the annual printed
report of proceedings such reports of the co-operative societies as may be fur-
nished officially by the secretaries thereof.

Sec. 3. Support of Special Exhibitions. The Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists may pay at any time to any co-operative
society holding a public floral exhibition in any part of the United States
such sum as may be voted by its Executive Board, said sum to be used in
support of such exhibitions, and may at the order of the said Executive Board
contribute suitable medals, certificates or other awards for new plants of
American origin or other products of American skill deemed of special value
to horticulture.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41

tivc 4. Rights Reserved to Co-operative Societies. The foregoing obliga-
tions and privileges shall not be held as impairing in any way the autonomy of
regularly organized societies that may become a party under these provisions
or restricting their rights to self-government.

Mr. C, VV. Waed: Mr. President, as a member of the Committee of In-
corporators, I passed upon this article, but at the time was not satisfied with
it for a number of reasons. In the first instance, the Article, according
to my ideas, does not and will not accomplish anything, but is a simple mat-
ter of words. If you should succeed in getting these Co-operative societies
to send delegates to the Society of American Florists you will not thereby
bring those societies into close enough connection with this Society, but will
simply introduce into this organization members who have some power,
while giving this Society no power over those independent societies. Now,
1 don't believe we ought to do that. I suggest that we ought to have what
practically we might term '"Sections." A Carnation Section? Of course —
that is not out of the question. We will have to accept the Carnation
Society as an accomplished fact and as something beyond our reach. Be-
fore we can get that Society into the S. A. F., we will have to demonstrate
to its members that their interests will be as fully protected and as well
managed here as they are in their own Society. That we cannot do at the
present time. We are an experiment and must remain an experiment until
we give the proof of what we can accomplish. The bare fact that we have
a charter does not accomplish much. We have an opportunity to go ahead
under this charter and accomplish something, but that which ensures our ac-
complishment of results is the work that we do ourselves.

Now, I am going to suggest that we strike out this Article in its entirety,
and appoint a committee to re-draft it upon lines similar to those governing
Sections in the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society and in the Academy of
Natural Sciences ; and that, if the opportunity arises, we then proceed to
organize Sections for different flowers. For instance, there is sufficient in-
terest in the United States to ensure the organization of a Peony Section;
and if this Article is changed, as I suggest, we can go ahead and organize
twenty-five members as a Peony Section.

After these Sections, thus organized, have succeeded for a number of
years, after it has been demonstrated that they are well managed and their
rights as well protected as the Carnation Society can protect its own, then
it will be time to say to the Carnation Society, "We have a place here for
you in which, we can assure you, your rights and interests will be fully as
well guarded and promoted as they are under your own management."
Whenever you create such a condition there will be no objection on the part
of the Carnation Society, the Kose Society, or any other Society, to become
a Section of this Society.

1 am satisfied that, under the Article as it stands, the Carnation So-
ciety will not come into this body or send a member to the Executive Com-
mittee. I have taken pains to sound the members of the Carnation Society
on the subject, and the sentiment is almost unanimous against it, "all but two
of the persons with whom I have corresponded having written to me in

42 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

emphatic opposition to it. So that 1 think we can do better now by paying
no attention to the Carnation Society, the Rose Society, or any other society,
until those organizations of their own volition vote to come in. I make a
motion that Article V. be stricken out and that a committee be appointed to
re-draft the article.

Mr. Wm. Scott, in seconding the motion, said : The American Association
for the Advancement of Science, wliose organization is somewhat similar to
our own, have a Botanical Section, a Geological Section, etc., and I know
that those different Sections work in harmony, but do it in that way.

Mr. W. N. RiiDD: I rise to support the motion. I would also ask the
Secretary if one of the other societies has not already taken steps looking
to amalgamation with the S. A. F.

Secretary Stewart: Replying to Mr. Rudd's inquiry, I would say that
1 don't know officially of anything of that kind. I was told yesterday that
some steps had been taken, but there has been no notification to that effect.

President O'Mara (having vacated the Chair to Mr. Hill) said: This
matter of co-operative societies has been before the S. A. F. for a considerable
time. There may or may not be something in it for the benefit of tbis So-
ciety. The incorporators, the Executive Committee, of which Mr. Ward is
a member, the Special Committee, of which Mr. Ward was Chairman, in-
deed the best brains and blood of this Society (and I say that advisedly)
have had the matter under consideration; and the article now presented is
the result of their mature thought. It is admitted on all hands that co-
operation is beneficial; it is also admitted that a society ought to manage
its own affairs, map out its policy and proceed along its own lines, regard-
less of any outside body. 1 take it that this Society favors a policy that
will accrue to the benefit of floriculture and horticulture at large. We are
not trying to map out a policy that will benefit especially any particular
section or society, but one that will advance the intertsts of all. I am
not prepared to say that this Article is all that it should be, that it comes
direct from Heaven, or has been stamped with the seal of some Moses who
is going to lead us out of the wilderness, but I think we can afford to make
an effort to go forward on our own lines. We ought not to be like the old hen
that was afraid her chickens would be drowned every time they entered the
water. I think we should imitate General Grant, at the Battle of the Wilder-
ness, who, when his Generals asked, "What is Lee going to do ?" replied^ "Never
mind what Lee is going to do, we will do what we're going to do." In other
words, I think we are able to transact our own business.

I am heartily in favor of having this invitation (for it is only an in-
vitation) issued broadcast to the florists of this country. It is tendered in
good faith, but any Society now organized is at liberty to accept or decline
it. It will not be thrust upon them. In the meantime this Society can
create any Section that it wants to create. I speak here for the men who
have given time and study to this article, who sat up nights over it, in-

SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS. 43

eluding some who have spoken against it here. Let it be given a trial. I
don't see that it can do any harm, except that it may stand in the way of
some ambition.

Mr. C. W. Waed: 1 would like to challenge Mr. O'Mara's statement
that the Article received mature consideration. The fact is that at our meet-
ing in Washington we went over this whole matter in one day. I don't
think that the whole time we gave to it exceeded eight hours. I have an-
other matter to mention, and I would not have referred to it had not Mr.
O'Mara thrown out a slur in the way he did, that this might stand in the
way of some ambition. Possibly some things do stand in the way of ambi-
tion, but I, for one, am beyond indulging ambition so far as any society is
concerned. My only desire in this matter is to aid all alike, not only the
S. A. F., not only the Carnation Society, not only the Rose Society — of all
of which I am a life member, and to all of which I will be a liberal con-
tributor at any time when it is needed. My attitude in this matter is that
of one who seeks to do that which makes for the best and which makes against
experiment. The fact is that what is proposed by this Article is an ex-
periment, nothing else. Nothing of the kind has ever been tried before.
But the organizing under Sections is not an experiment. We have a num-
ber of large societies which are formed upon those lines.

My reason for the suggestion 1 have made here is that if we remodel
this Article V. upon the lines of, we will say, the Pennsylvania Horticultural
Society, which is a successful body (and I believe the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society has organized on the same lines), we will not be going into
an experiment. And 1 will say to you frankly that as soon as that is
done there will be two Sections organized. It may not be within the next
twenty-four hours, but it will be within the next month. You will have
control over those sections. They will be not independent bodies but a part
of your own, not merely tied to the parent body by a sort of string, but a
part and parcel of the body itself.

I repeat that there is no ambition on my part nor any animosity,
though sometimes when you express yourself contrary to the wishes of other
people it is almost impossible to convince them that you have not some ani-
mosity toward them. I have none, absolutely. I believe the suggestion 1
make is the best for all the societies concerned, and that is the reason I
make it.

Mr. H. B. Beatty here stated that, as one of the committee of
incorporators who drew up the article, he wanted to substantiate Mr.
Ward's statement that it was not satisfactory to the committee and
they were not unanimous for it, but that, after patiently considering
it on a day when the heat was intense, they finally adopted it for pres-
entation to the Society, to be acted upon as a part of the By-Laws. He
agreed with Mr. Ward as to the propriety of eliminating the entire
article.

44 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. W. N. RuDD said that the brains and intelligence of the So-
ciety \7ere well represented upon the committee referred to, and he
thought that the struggle they had over the article was due to the fact
that they had a problem which could not be solved. He felt gratified
that the Article had been inserted so as to show the kindly disposition
of the S. A. F. toward the other societies, but he thought that a care-
ful reader of the Article would discover that neither this Society nor
the others gained anything by it and that it amounted to nothing at
all.

Mr. Ward's motion to strike out the Article, and for the appoint-
ment of a committee to redraft it on the lines stated, was here voted
upon and carried without objection.

Article VI., on Meetings, was read.

Messrs. Scott and Hill suggested that the convenience of mem-
bers would be promoted by fixing the annual meeting for a day in
August, to be selected by the officers of the Society.

Secretary Stewart explained that, according to legal advice, a
stipulated rlate was necessary in order to conform to the charter, and
for this reason the third Tuesday in August had been selected. He
suggested that, if this date was found to be inconvenient, a prelim-
inary meeting might be held on that day by certain representatives
or a quorum, and a later date then selected for the Convention.

Mr. H. B. Beatty also explained that the omission of a fixed date
would necessitate the mailing of a notice of the meeting to every mem-
ber of the Society, and that possibly a question might be raised after-
wards as to the legality of the meeting by a member who claimed he
had not received the notice.

The Article Avas then voted upon and adopted as read. It was as
follows :

ARTICLE VI.
MEETINGS.

Sec. 1. Meetings, The first annual meeting of the Society shall be held
at Buffalo, New York, on the first Tuesday of August, 1901, and thereafter
the annual meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday of August in each year,
continuing for three days or until all business is completed, the location of the
next following meeting to be selected by ballot at the morning session of the
second day of each annual meeting.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45

Sec. 2. Quorum. Thirty nieinbeis present shall constitute a quorum tor
the transaction of business at any meeting.

Sec. 3. Proxy Voting. Proxy voting shall not be allowed

Sec. 4. Order of Business. The transaction of business shall be in- the
following order:

Calling to order.

President's address.

Report of Secretary.

Report of Treasurer.

Reports of State Vice-Presidents.

Reports of Standing Committees.

Reports of Special Committees.

Unfinished business.

New business.

Adjournment.

Sb;c. 5. Exhibitions. There shall be held, whenever practicable, in con-
nection with each annual convention an exhibition of materials and manu-
factures used in and products of horticulture. It shall be in charge of the
Superintendent, who shall be appointed by the Executive Board at its pre-
liminary annual meeting, and shall be governed by such rules and regulations
as the Executive Board shall adopt. Judges shall be appointed by the Presi-
dent and Secretary at least one month before the exhibition.

Article VII. was read and, on motion of Mr. J. B. Nugext, Jr.,
of New York, adopted. It was as follows :

ARTICLE VII.

RESERVE FUND.

Money accruing from life membership payments shall form a reserve
fund, the interest of which may be appropriated annually for general or
specific purposes.

Article VIII. was read, and, on motion of Mr. J. B. Nugext, Jr.,
of New York, adopted. It was as follows :

ARTICLE VIII.

DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS.

Whenever any donation or bequest shall be made to the Society for any
fipecific purpose, it shall be so applied and the name or the donor and the
amount and the description of each donation shall be registered in a book kept
for the purpose. The Society may, upon recommendation of the Executive
Board, award medals or other testimonials to donors or benefactors of the So-
ciety who have advanced its interests or promoted its usefulness.

Article IX. was read and adopted as follows:
ARTICLE IX.

SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.

Every resolution involving an appropriation of money must be referred
to the Executive Board before it can be acted upon ; and it shall be the duty

46 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

of the Board to report on the same at the next session after the one at which
such resolution is introduced; provided, however, that in cases of urgency
the Executive Board may retire for consultation and report at the same ses-
sion at which such resolution was introduced.

Article X. vv^as read and adopted as follows:
ARTICLE X.

AMENDMENTS.

The Constitution and By-Laws may be amended or altered at any regular
meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of such alteration
or amendment having been submitted to the Society at a previous meeting
or furnished to the Secretary by June 1st, preceding the meeting, and pub-
lished in full by him in the general programme and call of the Society, at
least three weeks before the annual meeting. '

All the Articles having been acted upon, Mr. Wm. Scott moved
the adoption of the Constitution and By-Laws as a whole.

Mr. C. W. Ward made a motion that the vote on Mr. Scott's mo-
tion be taken by a roll-call, so that members voting would be recorded
and thus debarred in the future from raising any question as to the
validity of the proceedings in which they had taken part.

Mr. Ward's motion, being voted upon, was lost.

Mr. Scott's motion was then carried by a unanimous vote.

LIFE MEMBERS.

Mr. H. B. Beatty offered the following resolution :

Resolved, That in consideration of the funds paid by life members of
the late Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, and
the turning over of the same to the new Society, this Society accepts and in-
stalls the life members of the late Society.

Mr. Beatty's resolution, being voted upon, was adopted without
objection.

to MEET AT ASHEVILLE^ N. C, IN 1902.

The next business was the selection of a meeting place for 1903.

Secretary Stewart read invitations to hold the next meeting at
the following points :

At Milwaukee — From the Citizens' Business League, the Florists' Club
and the Mayor of that city; also a telegram, just received, from Secretary
Walker of the Florists' Club, and a communication from Mr. W. A. Kennedy.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47

At Asheville, N. C. — From the Board of Trade, Board of Aldermen and
Mayor of that city.

At St. Louis, in 1903 — From the Management of the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition.

The Convention next listened to speeches by gentlemen represent-
ing the two cities competing for the next meeting place.

Mr. C. C. PoLLWORTH, of Milwaukee, advocated the claims of that
city as the bright spot of America, situated in the very heart of the
world, and of easy access from all over the United States. He pre-
dicted the finest weather for the visitors, and said the hotels were such
that it would be unnecessary to send on in advance for accommoda-
tions. He created considerable merriment by exhibiting a miniature
representation of a mug of beer, which he presented to President
O'Maba.

Mr. Edgar Sanders, of Chicago, also spoke in favor of Milwaukee,
which, he said, Chicagoans looked upon as a suburb of their city.

Mr. Lawrence M'Cloud, representing Asheville, N. C, made the
speech of the day. He said he was not a florist, but a representative
of the Board of Trade of Asheville, and, having asked and obtained
permission to address the Convention, continued:

I am here for a purpose. I have a mission to fulfill, but mine is no or-
dinary mission. It is freighted with importance, both to those from whom
it comes and those to whom it is directed. I am the Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary from the city of Asheville, in the State of
North Carolina, and from the Board of Trade of that beautiful and progressive
city. As their emissary it is my duty, and personally it is my privilege and
pleasure, to extend to this Society an invitation to hold its next annual con-
vention in that city. My duty, however, does not end there, for I am in-
structed that I must not only invite you but must secure from you the ac-
ceptance of an invitation as cordial and sincere as was ever extended to any
organization. If I fail to secure your acceptance it will be because I have
failed to impress upon you either the sincerity of our desire to have you
with us or the manifold attractions which we can offer you. I trust that 1
shall not fail in either. And be it remembered that Asheville is not a "suburb"
of Chicago.

In selecting the place for your next meeting you will, of course, con-
sider matters material and matters ffisthetie. And by matters material I
mean that you will regard the accessibility of your next meeting place and
its capacity to fittingly entertain you. On both these points you may rest
assured. The accessibility of Asheville is beyond dispute. Her railroad
facilities are superb. She is in double daily connection with the entire out-

481 rROCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

side world. Distance is now measured not in miles but in hours. -New
York is twenty-one hours away, Philadelphia nineteen hours, Washington
sixteen hours, St. Louis twenty-four hours, Chicago twenty-five hours, Cin-
cihhati seventeen hours. The superb trains of the Southern Railway, , whicli
enter Asheville from four directions, are equipped with the best of passenger
coaches and the finest Pulhnan service, so that comfort, even luxury, is secure
to the traveler while he feasts his gaze on scenery which is not rivalled in
the new world or the old. Once arrived in our city, situated as it is on a
magnificent elevated plateau, you have your choice of a number of hptels.
We can comfortably and readily accommodate, five thousand travelers; ^nd
the fame of our Battery Park Hotel, our Kennilworth Inn, our Swaniianoa
Hot^l, our Hotel Berkeley, our Manor House and our Victoiia Inn ( I will not
mention them all), has gone abroad throughout the length and breadth' of
the land.

So much for our appeal to your material views. But in this we may
have worthy competition. I doubt not we have, for there is not a city in
the United States that would not feel itself honored to be your host. But
there is a point of view in wliich we can have no competitor. In alf that
appeals to your aesthetic nature Asheville is without a peer, without a. rival.
There Dame Nature, with a lavish hand, has spread her favors. For beauty
of location and approach, for magnificence of sceftery, for grandeur of pano-
rama, for the wildly and ruggedly picturesque she stands alone.

Asheville is now noted as the city where George Vanderbilt, with his mil-
lions of money and with the face of the globe to select from, found what was
in his judgment the fairest spot in creation, and there he has reared a palace
which eclipses anything the world has seen. No monarch of the luxurious
East, with the coffers of liis country overflowing with tribute exacted or ex-
torted from his helpless subjects, has ever builded a castle so grand. Rome
was built on seven hills. Asheville is built on seventy hills, ranging in size
and altitude from a sweet potato hill to an Alpine peak. Rome had her
Csfesar; Russia her Alexander; France her Napoleon; England her Welling-
ton; while Greece has been thrilled with the silver tongued oratory. of her
Demosthenes; and Asheville has her Julius W. C. Deake, a member of this
Society. She has a sky as blue and an air as balmy as the poet-loved
Italia. She has real estate agents, life insurance agents, lawyers, liars and
loafers. She has magnificent hotels, beautiful residences, lovely drives,
charming girls, handsome men, graded schools and fourteen barrooms. She
has 37V2 doctors, 29 drug stores, one starving undertaker and embalmer, and
is thinking of buying a cemetery for fear some of her inhabitants will die of
old age.

After recounting many other desirable internal features" of the
city of Asheville, Mr. M'Cloud continued :

She is surrounded with magnificent scenery. On all sides lofty moun-
tains tear to Heaven their bald and blackened cliffs, their tall heads piercing
through the overhanging haze into the misty atmosphere beyond. These

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, • 49

glorious, grand, cloud-eapped, sun-kissed mountain peaks lift themselves,
one behind the other, in endless perspective, as far as the eye can reach,
until you can imagine they are steps to Paradise ; and so near do' they
come to that beatific abode of the blessed that, to use the language of Gov-
ernor Eob Taylor, of Tennessee, you can stand upon their summits and, reach-
ing upward, may almost tickle the feet of the angels. . . . There thfl air
is purer, fresher, than in any place on earth; the glorious king of day shines
blighter there; the iridescent dewdrop glistens more brilliantly under the
benignant influence of the sun's morning rays; the flowers are prettier and
yield a softer, richer fragrance; the women are truer, purer, sweeter' and
more wojinanly. Gentlemen, if you want the best time you ever had in your
lives, if you want to feel more like men than you have ever felt before, if
you want to get near to Nature's heart and hear its mighty throbbiiigs in
her great bosom, if you want to breathe the freshest air you ever breathed
and know the invigorating effects of our ozonized atmosphere then Asheville
is pre-eminently the place for your next convention.

We have no word of detraction for any dther city which may be seeking
the honor of entertaining you. We think well and kindly of them all, but
we hope to secure you on our superior merits and greater attractions. We
understand that Milwaukee, in the Badger State, is one of oiir competitors.
We have naught to say against her. But, gentlemen, Milwaukee is already
famous. I have contributed my little quota to her fame — doubtless many
of you have lent your mite of assistance. Asheville, on the other hand, will
never feel that she is truly famous until this Society has made her i3o by
a vote to hold its next convention there.

Gentlemen, I thank you. I will meet you all in Asheville next year,
[Prolonged applause.]

Messrs. J, W. C, Deake, of Asheville, N, C, and J, M. Lamb, of
Fayetteville, N. C, also supported the claims of Asheville.

Mr. Wm. Scott said he thought a visit to Asheville would be an
excellent change for the S, A, F. He had been studying the climatic
conditions of that city and had found that in July and August it was
cooler than any city of the Middle States. Then, too, the botanical
collection at Asheville was an attraction,

Mr. Wm. Miller, of Lyim, Mass., said he thought a trip to Ashe-
ville would be of material benefit.

The question was here put to a vote, which was taken by ballot.
After some time the result of the balloting was announced as follows :
Nashville, 2 ; Milwaukee, 66 ; Asheville, N. C, 70,

The PEESiDEJiTT announced the choice of Asheville, N, C, as the
next meeting place.

50 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

NOMINATION OF OFFICERS.

Isfominations of officers for the ensuing year were invited, and
names were presented for the office of President as follows :

Mr. E, G. Hill: It is my privilege, by request, to put in nomination the
rame of a gentleman who, I am sure, commands the respect of ervery mem-
ber of the Society of American Florists. He is not as gifted in speech, per-
haps, as the present incumbent or some other Presidents who have served you,
but his business qualifications are par excellence. Now, we are looking for-
ward to what will transpire under this new charter; this Society is starting
out upon new lines, and there is a great future before us if we carry out the
plans laid down by the men who have been laboring for this charter and for
the enlargement of this Society.

1 am reminded of the story that came to me, not long ago, about a white
man down South v;ho wanted to get across a river and had no money. He
eame to a ferry landing and said to an old colored gentleman whom he met,
"Uncle, I wish you would lend me a dime." "What do you want a dime
for?" "I want to get across the river." "No," said the colored man, "I
won't do it. A man who hasn't got any money is just as well off on one
side of the river as an the other, and you had better stay where you are."
Now, I have been looking forward to and advocating all along the estab-
lishment of a fund, not one of two or three thousand dollars, but of fifty
thousand dollars. In connection with that we want a business man at our
head, some one who will carry out the policy laid down by Mr. O'Mara, who
has served us so well.

Therefore, I nominate Mr. John Burton, of Philadelphia, who, I believe,
jossesses unusual qualifications from a business point of view It is late,
and I will say nothing more. I believe you will elect him President.
[Applause.]

Mr. Wm Scott : I fully realize that any one of a number of able men
in thifi Sdoi6ty would be an honor to it if made President of it, but there ia
a feeling abroad in every business enterprise, in every community, that young
men should occasionally be tried at the helm. We present the name of a
young man of whom we are very proud, and whose career we have watched.
1 have known him for the past fifteen years, since he became a thorough horti-
culturist. He has become prominent in this community by strict business
principles and honorable conduct. He is an able financier and an experienced
business man. His calling is not that of a grower, but let me remind you
that the editor of a horticultural paper can be elected President, and any
octive member is eligible to any office in the gift of the Society. He is hon-
ored by his toAvnsmen and all Western New York, and has been a Park Com-
missioner of this city. I place in nomination Mr. Wm. F. Kasting, of Buf-
falo.

Mr. J AS. Braik, of Buffalo, seconded the nomination.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51

Mr. E. G. GiLLETT, of Cincinnati, seconded the nomination of Mr.
Burton.

Nominations for the other offices were as follows :

Mr. J. W. C. Deake^ of Asheville, N. C, for Vice-President, by
]\Ir. Wm. Scott^ of Buffalo.

Secretary Wm. J, Stewart for re-election, by Mr. A. Graham, of
Cleveland.

Treasurer H. B. Beatty for re-election, by Mr. Wm. Scott, of
Buffalo.

salaries of secretary and treasurer.

The President invited action upon the matter of the* salaries of
the Secretary and Treasurer.

Mr. W. N. Rudd: I move that, the salary of the Secretary be fixed at
$750 per annum, and the salary of the Treasurer at $100 per annum, until
further orders.

Mr. Rudd's motion, being voted upon, was adopted without dis-
sent.

committee on closer relations.

The President inquired of Mr. C. W. Ward as to the number of
members to constitute the committee for the re-drafting of the Article
relating to Co-Operative Societies, and requested the Convention to
suggest the names of the committeemen.

Mr. Ward mentioned five as the number, and other members pre-
sented names for the Chair's consideration.

The President subsequently announced the appointment of the
following, to be known as a Committee on Closer Relations, viz.:
Messrs. C. W. Ward^ E. G. Hill, Edwin Lonsdale, W. IST. Rudd and
W. J. Stewart.

the chrysanthemum society.

Secretary Stewart read the following communication from the
Chrysanthemum Society of America :

Buffalo, August 6, 1901.

At a meeting of the Chrysanthemum Society of America, lield on the
afternoon of the above date, it was moved, seconded and carried that a com-

52t- PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

mittee consisting of Messrs. A. Herrington, W. N. Eudd and Edwin Lonsdale,
be appointed to confer with the oflicers and Executive Committee of th$. So»
ciety of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists for the purpose
of considering the advisability of the Chrysanthemum Society of America
becoming enrolled as a Co-operative Society under the charter of the S. A. F.

Edwin Lonsdaxe, Secretary.

Secretary Stewart also announced the addition to the list of new
plants registered, as contained in his report, of Gladiolus Park Belle,
by th'e Michigan Seed Co.

On motion (at 1.40 P. M,), an adjournment was ordered- until
eveninsf.

SECOND DAY-EVENING SESSION.

In the evening Mr. F. W. Taylor, Superintendent of the Depart-
ment of Horticulture at the Pan-American Exposition, lectured in
the Convention hall before a large and critical audience of the mem-
bers and their ladies. His subject, ^'Expositions as Educators," was
handsomely illustrated by the aid of stereopticon views. Many pic-
tures of buildings, statuary, and delightful corners of the Exposition
were thrown on the screen, also some types of the peoples found on the
Midway. Mr. Taylor mentioned that 1901 was the semi-centennial
of all expositions; the first being held in the Crystal Palace, Tjondon,
in 1851 ; it was twenty-five years ago that the first American Exposi-
tion took place. He explained the great amount of hard work and
expense necessary to bring into being such an institution as the Pan-
American, especially its ethnological features, and spoke a word about
the importance and praised the beauty of the horticultural division.
The pictures of the illuminated buildings pleased the audience vastly,
who showed their appreciation by frequent applause.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. 53

THIRD DAY-MORNING.

Thursday, August 8th, 1901.
The session opened with a full attendance of members at the ap-
pointed hour.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

President 0']\rAKA gave notice of the opening of the polls for the
election of officers, and the appointment of Mr. James Dean" as judge
of the election, with Messrs. Adam Graham and James Braik as
tellers. He then directed the distribution of ballots.

Mr. Adam Graham, by way of correcting a possible erroneous im-
pression, explained that there was no foundation for the rumor in
circulation that Mr. Burton would decline to serve if elected Presi-
dent.

Mr. Wm. F. Kastixg announced his withdrawal as a candidate
and requested his friends to make the election of Mr. Burton unani-
mous.

The President put the question on Mr. Burton's election, and,
after taking the vote, announced that that gentleman had been elected
unanimously.

Secretary Stewart called attention to the By-Law directing that
the election shall be by ballot.

The Convention proceeded to comply with this requirement, and,
on motion of Mr. J. G. Esler, it was voted that the Secretary be
directed to cast one ballot for Mr. John Burton as the choice of the
Society for President.

Secretary Stewart accordingly deposited one ballot with the elec-
tion officers, and the latter reported Mr. Burton's election, which was
then declared by the Chair.

The same process was gone through with in the election of each
officer, a single ballot being deposited and there being but one candi-
date for each office.

54 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

The officers elected were as follows:

President^— John Burton, of Philadelphia, Pa.
Vice-President — J. W. C. Deake, of Asheville, N. C.
Secretary — Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston, Mass.
Treasurer— H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa.

Secretary Stewart (in deference to repeated calls) said: Ladies and
gentlemen, I have no intention of trying to make a speech or saying more than
simply that I thank you for this evidence of your continued confidence and will
do what 1 can to merit it in the future. 1 hope the work you will give me to
do during next year will be double that which it was last year. If every mem-
ber will do his part we shall have as big a crowd when we get to Asheville as
we have here.

Subsequently attention was called to the fact that the election of
officers had not been conducted strictly in accordance with the method
of procedure prescribed by the By-Laws. Secretary Stewart^ upon
the suggestion of Mr. C. W. Ward^ read Section 2 (d), Article II.,
directing the election of officers to be by ballot and that the polls shall
remain open from 10 A. M. until 12 noon, etc. The Convention then
voted, upon motion of Mr. Rudd, to keep the polls open for the balance
of the prescribed period and to vote by ballot. The balloting pro-
ceeded accordingly, Mr. Dean acting as judge of the election and
Messrs. Ward and Witterstaetter as tellers. At 12 noon the polls
were closed and the election officers reported that o'^ votes had been
polled, of which John Burton received 49, J. W. C. Deake i5, Wm.
J. Stewart 45, H. B. Beatty 46, with three blanks.

The President then declared the officers named lo have been
elected.

THANKS TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Mr, E. Gr. IIiLL (following out a recommendation in the Presi-
dent's address) moved that a vote of thanks be tendered to the retiring
members of the Executive Committee for the work they had per-
formed.

Mr. Hill's motion was carried, whereupon the President tendered
the thanks of the Society to the gentlemen referred to.

THE PHARLESTON, S. C, EXPOSITION.

Mr. James M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C, was awarded the floor.
He invited the florists to visit the Inter-State and West Indian Expo-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55

sition to be held in Charleston, S. C, from December 1st, 19') 1, to
June 1st, 1902. He continued:

It is worth a trip to Charleston to see the display, in February and March,
of camellias and azaleas on the Ashley River, about fifteen miles from the
city. I consider it the finest to be seen this side of Japan. I would espe-
cially advise nurserymen who have evergreens and those who deal in what we
call Dutch bulbs to apply for space at the Exposition. If they don't want to
send a man down there they may make application to me, and I* will see that
their beda are put in proper shape.

PREMIUMS OFFERED BY THE BUFFALO CLUB.

The following communication was read :

Buffalo, August 6. 1901.
To the Secretary of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Hor-
ticulturists:

Dear Sir — The Buffalo Florists' Club desires the S. A. F. to appoint a
committee to award the cups given by this Club for the best collection of
plants and the best collection of cut flowers, under the following rules :

Extent of exhibit, 40; quality, 20; variety, 20; decorative value, 20.

Wm. Legg, Secretary.

The President announced the appointment of the following as a
committee, in compliance with the communication: Messrs. G-eorgb
C. Watson, John G. Esler and Ernest Lundberg

Mr. (lEORGE C. Watson, chairman of the committee on the sub-
ject, subsequently presented the following report:

Gentlemen — Your committee appointed to award the trophies of the Buf-
falo Florists' Club for the best exhibit of plants and cut flowers beg to state
that they h.ave attended to that duty and have awarded same for plants to
Henry A. Dreer, of Philadelphia, and for cut flowers to Arthur Cowee, of
Berlin, N. Y. Respectfully submitted,

George C. Watsox,
John G. Esler,
Ernest Lundberg,

Committee.

Mr. Watson explained that the committee had difficulty in mak-
ing the awards on account of the scale, which gave precedence to quan-
tity. He thought this was unfair to exhibitors whose displays showed
quality, but were comparatively small. He said the committee

56 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

had been practically handicapped by the forty points in favor of quan-
tity, and that, as their hands were tied, they could not make any other
recommendation than they had made. He suggested that if such
prizes were to be awarded in the future due emphasis should be given
to quality, culture and general excellence.

TESTIMONIAL TO EX-PRESIDENT WM. SCOTT.

Mr. W. X. RuDD, of Chicago: Mr. President, I am not aware of what
the Dicier of business is at this time, but I suggest there are occasions when
matters of moment should be given precedence, and I ask to present one which
in my judgment is of exceeding importance. It is well known to every man
and woman here that a citizen of Buflalo, who was formerly President of
this Society, has had charge of the floricultural exhibit at the Pan-American
Exposition. He has done marvels there; he has worked day and night. He
is a man ^A•]lom wc all love, whom everybody knows and whose name is in
everybody's mouth. Every person here who has been to the Exposition has
doubtless seen what has been accomplished through the efforts of this man —
a part of it at least; but we cannot readily estimate the intense application
that was behind it all, the self-sacrificing devotion, the untiring energy, the
nerve strain that has been piit into it. I am voicing the sentiment of this
Convention therefore in proposing that it make some formal acknowledg-
ment of its appreciation of this gentleman's industry and ability.

I therefore move the appointment of a committee of three to express the
unqualiiied approval of the Society of American Florists of the work which
has been done by Mr. Wm. Scott, at the Pan-American Exposition; that the
report of that committee be spread upon the records of this Society and
printed in its proceedings; that a copy thereof be transmitted to the Di-
rectorate of the Pan-American Exposition and a copy, suitably engrossed, be
presented to Mr. Scott.

The President stated the question, when Mr. Elidd's motion was
adopted with unanimity and enthusiasm.

The PifESiDENT announced the following as the committee under
the resolation: Messrs. Willis N. Etjdd, of Chicago; E. G Hill, of
Richmond, Ind. ; Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia.

Secretary Stewart subsequently submitted the following, which
had been presented by the committee on the subject :

- . Whereas, The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horti-
culturistS; recogni?,ing his horticultural knowledge, supplemented by .'the re-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57

suits of many years' practical experience, did six years ago elect Wm. Seott
as= its presiding officer^ and

Whereas, William Scott has since been placed in charge of floriculture
at the Pan-American Exposition, where members of the Society present
at this convention, in the City of ±5utl'alo, have had ample opportunity to inspect
and admire the results of his skilful and earnest work, and it seems fitting that
with a full and technical knowledge of the great bunlens placed upon his shoul-
ders, we should testify our appreciation and admiration of the brilliant success
which has crowned his ettorts; therefore be it

Resolved, That this Society conveys to the Directors of the Pan-American
Exposition, and to William Scott, its hearty congratulations upon the re-
sults which have been obtained ; and be it further '

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sjjread upon the records
of this Society.

(Signed) W. N. Rudd,

Edwin Londsdale,
E. G. Hill,

Conimiticf.

The President: The motion creating a committee, according to the recol-
lection of the Chair, provided for the presentation to Mr. Scott of a suitably
engrossed copy of these resolutions. The Chair supposes that that is under-
stood, and that action will be taken by the officers of the Society accordingly.

On motion a vote was taken, when the report was adopted unani-
mously.

INVITATIONS TO BE PRESENTED FORilALLY.

Mr. J. 0. Eennison, of Sioux City, Iowa, offered the following
resolution :

Resolved, That this Society, in future, will allow no verbal invitation
as to the place of meeting of the Society to be presented bj' any one not a
florist or a member of the Societ}^

Mr. EuDD seconded the resolution.

The President remarked that in the shape in which it was pre-
sented the resolution was objectionable, as it proposed to bind future
conventions in their action. He suggested a modification of it to make
it apply to the present convention.

Mr. RtJDD: I suggest, as an amendment, that the resolution be modiSed
so as to read that the present convention recommend to all subsequent con-
ventions the rule it proposes.

58 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. Bennison accepted the amendment as a modification of the
original resolution.

The resolution as modified was carried without objection.

Fl-OWERING PLANTS AND THEIR TREATMENT FOR CHRISTMAS SALES.

The next business was the reading of a paper on "Flowering Plants
and Their Treatment for Christmas Sales/' prepared by Mr. W. P.
Craig, of Philadelphia.

Mr. Craig appeared on the platform and, after being presented by
the Chair, proceeded with the reading of his paper, which was heard
with much interest and followed by applause. It was as follows :

Christinas is the oldest and the grandest of our festivals, which "grows
mellower and sweeter with tne passage of the centuries." It is now universally
observed in all Christian countries by the laying aside, as far as may be, of
the dreary cares of everyday life, by the resting from toil, and the exercise
and cultivation of the kindlier sentiments and better impulses of the human
heart. How the children dream of the good times coming at Christmas, and how
their elders, laying aside selfishness, give themselves over to the giving of
gifts and to the making of hearts glad ! And how appropriate are plants and
llcwerB as Christmas gifts! Emerson says, "Flowers are always fit presents,
because thc-y are a proud assertion that a ray of beauty outvalues all the utili-
ties in the Morld." But, aside from the sentimental value of Christmas, its
effect on the business of the world is marvelous. All over the world people in
all lines of trade recognize the importance of the occasion, and are busy,
n^onths in advance, preparing for the great trade of Christmas, and so it very
properly comes to pass that we are asked here, in the month of August, to
consider, as far as our limited time will permit, what we may best do to
have our share in that general prosperity which comes with this greatest of
holidays. Some one has said that "Bright colors and gladness go well to-
gether," and it is quite certain that in plant and flower, in fruit and berry,
the brighter colors are most welcome in this time of general joy.

Mow appropriate is the brilliant color of the poinsettia, and how it blends
in with the holly berries and the ringing of the Christmas chimes! And in
pzaleas, cyclamen and other Christmas plants the preference is largely for
bright colors.

I will now give a list of the plants usually grown for Christmas, with only
a cultural hint here and there, not attempting to give complete, detailed in-
structions for growing each class of plants, which would extend this paper
to an unreasonable leijgth and serve no useful purpose, because so much has
recently been written in regard to almost all classes of plants in the trade
papers and in the horticultural books which have been placed within the reach
of all. I take it, that the proper object of this paper is rather to call atten-
tion 1/a the growing trade in Christmas plants, which has nearly all been de-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59

veloped within the past decade, with such pertinent suggestions and re-
minder? as our limited time and the limited knowledge of the writer will al-
low.

EuiTHOKBiA poiNSETTiA. — This has frequently been called the Christmas
plant, and whether grown as single specimens or with a number of plants in
e?.ch pot, or with six or eight plants in a 10 or 12-inch pan. it is very beau-
tiful and popular. For growing in pans the cuttings should be struck from
soft wood in July or August, as these late cuttings make nice dwarf plants
with foliage to the ground if carefully cultivated. A hotbed of manure cov-
ered with shaded glass is an excellent medium in which to root the cuttings,
plunged in pans.

Azaleas are very important plants at Christmas, although the A^arieties
suitable for forcing at this early date are very few in number. Simon
Mardner is usuallv grown for the red one, as it forces easily, but its blooms
are soft and easily bruised. Mme. Van der Cruysen is much finer, and a
better keeper, but more difficult to bring into bloom at this early date. We
have succeeded in forcing it into fine bloom in a night temperature of 65 de-
grees, with the pots plunged in a manure bed of the temperature of 85 degrees
to 90 degrees. This method is also useful for forcing Due Von ThoU and
other early tulips for Christmas. Vervaeneana is the finest pink one and
forces easily, and Deutsche Perle, white, which can be had without difficulty,
is also good. It is well to liave a few white ones, but the demand is very
limited.

Cyclamen. — A well-grown and well-bloomed cyclamen is a very salable
Christmas plant and brings a good price; in fact, Christmas is the only
profitable time to have cyclamen; plants, which readily bring $12 to .$24 a
dozen, wholesale, at Christmas, drop to half these prices the week after, with
very limited demand. The best way to grow cyclamens is to sow the seed
about the middle of September to middle of October, and grow on without any
cheek until Christmas of the year following. We have found them to do
well in soil composed principally of leaf mould and very old cow manure, with
about one-fourth the entire bulk of light loam, and the addition of a liberal
sprinkling of boue meal.

Begonia Gloire de Lorraine. — What a grand addition to the list of
Christmas plants this dainty, elegant, glorious begonia is ! My townsman,
Edwin Lonsdale, on his exhibit at our last fall show, said, "This is not a
Century plant, but it is the plant of the Century." That soimds a bit en-
thusiastic, but is quite allowable when all the good points of the plant are
considered. The first season it came here it was quite a provoking plant to
the propagator, who expected to strike cuttings in the winter time and could
get no suitable wood; it does nothing but bloom in winter, and it is May
or June before the wood which makes good cuttings comes up from the
base of the plant; then it roots freely and plants struck at this time may be
grown into fine bushy specimens in six or eight-inch pots by Christmas.
Tops taken from these plants in August and September make fine plants in
four inch pots by Christmas; it should be only lightly shaded in Summer,

60 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

and given plenty of air, but does not like much water on the foliage. • It
makes a fine subject for dinner-table decoration when grown in round or oval
pans. Several plants in a pan may be used. Use ordinary rose soil with
the addition of one-eighth leaf mould.

BouGAiNViLLEA Sanderii. — This is a tine, showy plant and can be iiad at
Christmas if the wood be ripened somewhat in September, and then forced in
a night temperature of 65 degrees. The plant is of high decorative value. .

Begonia incarnata gigantea is a very showy plant of easy culture, and
is in its best flowering condition at Christmas; it was, however, more valuable
before the advent of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine, which is vastly superior.

Primula Chinensis. — A fine strain of these should be popular, although
Mr. Wm. K. Harris, of Philadelphia, who had developed, by years of selec-
tion from the finest European strains, the best conmiercial type of Chinese
Primula I have seen, was compelled to give up growing them about ten years
ago, because he could get- only 25 cents apiece for grand plants in six-inch
pots. I think that now, when the demand for Christmas plants is so much
greater, it would pay some one to take up their careful culture again.

Clerodendron Balfourii. — This plant is very showy and beautiful and
can be had in fine bloom at Christmas if given a good "drying-otl" to ripen the
wood in September, and afterwards forced in a night temperature of 65 de-
grees.

Daphne odora. — This is a plant which has almost dropped out of cultiva-
tion; it is deliciously fragrant, and I am sure that well-groAvn plants in five
or six-inch pots, in full bloom, would meet with a ready sale at good prices.

Erica. — Several of these are admirable for Christmas, E. Wilmoreana
being one of the best; but as I have had little experience growing ericas, I
must refer you to the essaj's by experts on this question.

LiBONiA Penrhosiensis is a bright, cheerful plant when in bloom, and
is as easily grown as a stevia. Should be struck from cuttings in early
Spring; planted in open ground; lifted carefully in September, shaded for a
few days and then grown in a cool greenhouse.

Geranium. — Some of the finer semi-double varieties, such as Jean Viaud.
Alphonse Ricard and similar sorts, if well grown in six-inch pots, would be
salable, and are among the best of our window plants.

In addition to the plants 1 have named, lilacs (Charles X. and Mary
Lefebvre are the best), lily of the valley, Roman hyacinths, early tulips, &c.,
may be forced into bloom; these bulbs, Avhen grown in four-inch pots, are very
useful in the baskets of foliage and flowering plants now so popular at the
holidays. These baskets and plateaus of flowering plants, in combination
with bright foliage plants, such as dracaenas, crotons, pandanus, &c., with
ferns and other graceful forms, offer largest scope for the florist's skill, and
the time may come when the name of a floral artist will be coupled with this
work in much the same way as we now speak of a masterpiece by Gains-
borough or Titian.

The number of species of flowering plants suitable for Christmas, as at
present grown, is quite limited. What a grand thing it would be if we could

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. 61

t'orccrat Christmas as great a variety as we can at Easter; and I believe that
I Ills is quite possible. I do not see why, with the aid of cold storage, all
ilowering shrubs usually grown at Easter cannot be had at Christmas. What
an addition, for instance, to the list of Christmas plants would be the now
famous Crimson Rambler rose! And why could it not be lifted from the
cpen ground in October or November and, after having made some roots, be
allowed to stay outside until put to sleep by the cold weather and then carried
over, entirely dormant, until the following year, when it could be started late
in September or early in October, and brought into bloom by Christmas?
And the same treatment would apply to hydrangeas, genistas, &c., and to
Anna AlexiefF, Magna Charta, Mrs. John Laing and other free-blooming roses.
The hardy flowering shrubs, too, such as deutzias, weigelias, forsythias, Ilower-
ing almonds, &c., would be amenable to like treatment.

The Japanese cheriy, also, which came into such favor last Easter, could
be successfully treated in this way and would be very valuable. If done in a
large way the proportionate cost would not be too great. I verily believe
in the near future we shall see in operation such cold-storage facilities as i
have suggested, and it will not be without profit to the operator.

I will now close in the hope that some of the older and more experienced
men in the audience will correct any mistakes I have made and name any
good Christmas plants I have omitted.

The President pro teni (Mr. Eudd in the Chair), upon the con-
clusion of the paper, invited discussion.

Mr. Geo. A. Kackitam, of Detroit, being called upon, replied
brietiy that he ihought the florists, by combining, could secure cheaper
rates, and thus make it profitable to store plants for Christmas trade.

Mr. Jas. M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C, said: In my experience the
Ardesia crenulata is one of the most useful holiday plants we have, because
of its beautiful red berries at Christmas time, which last all through the
winter and are much enjoyed. It has given greater satisfaction than any
flowering plant because it lasted longer, in the shape in which it was
bought, than any other.

HORTICULTDRE OF THE PAST CENTURY.

The next business was the presentation of a paper on this subject
prepared by Mr. Joiiisr N. May^ of Summit, N". J.

Chairman Eudd: The Chair regrets to state that Mr. May is so
seriously indisposed as to be unable to attend the convention. The
paper prepared by that gentleman will be read by IMr. Gillett.

Mr. E. G. Gillett, of Cincinnati, appeared on the platform and

63 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

read Mr. May's paper in full. The valuable essay was received with
much attention and interest, and was followed by applause.

The paper was as follows:

It may be safely said that in no branch of art, science or busineas, has
greater advance been attained than in that of horticulture during the past
century, more particularly so in that part known as the florist branch proper.
One of the pioneers of the florist business in New York, who died only a few
years ago, the late Isaac Buchannan, repeatedly told that when he first started
in business, which was, I believe, some time in the thirties, he carried his
whole stock in trade that he had to offer into the city each morning in a
basket, and stood on the street corner near the present site of Trinity Church,
which was at that time the fashionable part of the city; at the end of the
day's sales he thought 75 cents to $1 a good day's business, and if by chance
he happened to realize anything ovet a dollar, he felt extra happy with the
result of something a little beyond his daily needs. The class of goods the
market required in those days were a few rose geraniums, sweet alyssum, mar-
igolds; pansies about half an inch in diameter were considered extra large
fine flowers; these, with a few other varieties of flowers, now almost forgotten,
constituted the whole list to draw from. Some few years before the venerable
old man died, he remarked that to see the florist's product then, and look
back to the dates given above, was more of a revelation to him than a real
fact, and he did not live to see the last decade of the last century, in which
probably greater advances were made than in any previous decade, not only
in the varieties and quality of flowers, but in the whole line of our business;
the method of handling flowers and plants by the growers, the art in making
them up for all purposes, from the elaborate decorations to the corsage
bouquet.

I fancy some will be inclined to criticise this statement, and probably with
good grounds for so doing, when it is remembered that during this same de-
cade funeral designs were made up with such mottoes as the following (made
of colored imitation flowers) : For a fireman who had lost his life in trying
to save those of his fellow beings his comrades thought they would show his
family some respect; to do so, they consulted a florist, ordering what they
thought a nice piece suitable for the occasion, but as they were not versed in
how the lettering should read, they left the matter with the florist, to use his
own judgment as to what would be most appropriate. He (the florist)
thought, I suppose, it would be appreciated to have it diff"erent from the
stereotyped line of such things, so inserted this: "See you later."

On another occasion, a fireman having died, his comrades went to a florist
with somewhat similar instructions. This time the florist put in lettering to
read, "Gone to his last fire." But this was not the worst thing about it. The
company to which this highly respected man belonged ordered a pillow of all
choice fresh flowers ; it was made up almost entirely of immortelles, with the
lettering as above in red. These and many similar absurdities, in funeral de-
signs especially, are not creditable to the florist business: but they must

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63

not be taken as the type of the whole business, as they are the exception and
should be so treated.

In another class of our business — that of lawn and park decorations —
some monsters have occasionally been met in the shape of camels, crocodiles,
elephants, elongated serpents and scorpions, bears, buffaloes, etc., or imita-
tions of them, made up with great labor and expense; but critics should not
be too hasty to condemn these, as undoubtedly they were made up in many
cases to satisfy the taste of a certain part of the public for something sen-
national. Fortunately, the general public are becoming better educated to
what constitutes good taste and the proper use to which nature's gems
(plants and flowers) should be put; happily, these monstrosities soon lose
their attractiveness even with their greatest advocates, and a more graceful
and ornamental use is made of the plants, which adds greatly to the enjoy-
ment of the public at large. Where, a few years ago, the style of flower
gardens generally was, strictly speaking, almost exclusively that known as
carpet bedding, a change has now come over the same, and many, very many
are now adopting a more natural form, adding greatly to the beauty and
charm of their gardens and pleasure grounds. This applies not only to the
Bo-called bedding plants in general, but to the trees, shrubs, etc., used
in ornamenting lawns, parks, etc. Many of these were formerly pruned and
trimmed in all sorts of shapes and forms — contortions and deformities, they
might be more aptly called. All this is gradually disappearing and more
natural form allowed to develop. In many of the choice evergreen trees
and shrubs their natural form cannot be improved upon. What can be more
charmingly beautiful than a fine specimen of the common hemlock (Tsuga
canadensis), or the Norway spruce (Picea excelsa), and vry many others,
too numerous to mention.

With the closing of the last century no one can dispute the fact that hor-
ticulture in every branch has made vast strides throughout this country;
many plants that a decade ago were considered rare and very difficult to
grow, so much so that but comparatively few were tempted to try the culti-
vation of them. One instance will be sufficient to illustrate this fact. Take
the orchid family; ten years ago these were considered too expensive a luxury
for any except the very wealthy to attempt to cultivate, as they were supposed
to be difficult to grow and harder to get into bloom. Since that date they
bave steadilj'^ made their way into public favor, till now the blooms are a
regular commercial product, and not in limited quantities, either. The ques-
tion will probably be asked, why has it changed so readily from an extreme
rarity to an abundance? Simply because some of our more enterprising and
thoughtful growers have, by studying nature's laws, reduced the method of
cultivation to a thoroughly practical basis, and instead of treating the plants
to an unnatural course of Turkish bath-like treatment, they have adopted a
more natural one and far more congenial to the plants. When one considers
the natural habitat of say, the Cattleya Trianae, which grows on trees any-
where from 15 to 50 feet high, subject to all the winds of the hemisphere; is
it congenial to this plant to place it in a greenhouse kept as hot as July
weather and jn continual steaming vapor? I should think not; and the-«ame

64 PROCEEDINGS OP SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

law applies to every plant grown to-day, and as we apply this more thoroughly
to our plants in general the better will be our success. In fact, it is largely
this very factor that has done so much to simplify the cultivation of all
plants and flowers for the nineteenth century.

\Vhat will be the outcome of the new century, I have been asked to tell
you. This is something more of a prophet's problem to answer than an
everyday, ordinary working florist, such as I am; but if indications point to
anything, we are, horticulturally, only infants now. We shall have glass
houses miles long and 100 feet high, covering a million plants each, and il-
luminated by electricity, in the very near future. Roses will have to be
^ent to market with stems 10 feet long and as big as ordinary walking sticks,
with flowers on them as large as pineapples; carnations must be as big as
peony flowers, with stems five feet long that will not bend when shaken;
violets must be as large as silver dollars, with 15-inch stems and warranted
never to lose their fragrance. All these and every other kind of flowers must
be produced in like proportion and sold to the dear retailers at — for roses,
from two to three dollars per 100; for carnations, 50 cents per 100; for vio-
lets, 10 cents per 100, etc., all down the list. Then the growers will think
they are making fortunes rapidly, more so even than they do now. The re-
tailers ■will grumble a little more than they do now at the size and quality,
so that the younger generation of growers will have a very happy time of it.

In the plant life, young roses will be sold for the cost of taking the cut-
tings from the mother plants, not as they are oft'ered to-day by so many ad-
vertisers at such handsome paying prices as $4 per 100 for 3-inch American
Beauty, $2 per 100 for general list of tea roses, etc.; these prices are far too
profitable to be maintained. All other plants will be offered at proportion-
ate rates. This, in conjunction with a general and steady advance in prices
of all materials the florist needs, such as glass, lumber, iron pipe, etc., will
of course, induce all of us to do everything we can to help the Trusts make
still further combinations, so as to put prices still higlier and eiiable every
member thereof to have a fine yacht, sport fancy automobiles, and the various
paraphernalia which go with them. Then, I presume, the florists will all be
contented with such handsome remunerative prices, particularly as the express
companies will take all the advantage of the improved times of the florist,
and still advance their charges for transportation of the goods to market.

Some of my brother florists will probably say I am treating the subject
of the ncAV century too seriously; so, by the way of diversion, I hope, if they
can find any fun in it, they will sift the matter out and have a royal good
time doing so.

Col. Sellei's said "there was millions in it" (some of the schemes he was
advocating). Well, perhaps there is millions in the florist business, and I
hope you will all get there.

]\Ir. Geo. A. Rackham, of Detroit, moved that separate votes of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN^ FLORISTS. 65

thanks be tendered to Mr. W. P. Craig and Mr. John N". May for
their valuable papers.

The 7notion was carried with applause.

accommodations at asheville.

President O'Mara here made an announcement for the purpose, he
said, of setting at rest rumors that the facilities at Asheville, N. C,
(the next meeting place), were insufficient to accommodate the con-
vention. He said he had called the Executive Committee together and
they had interrogated the member from Asheville (Mr. Deake), who
had assured them that an auditorium capable of accommodating 4,500
people had been built in that city ; that in its basement, and in a por-
tion that f-ould be set aside, there was ample space for a meeting room
for the convention and a trade exhibition. In regard to the bowling
tournament. Mi-. Deake, though unable to state how many alleys there
were in Asheville, declared that bowling was carried on there and that
this feature could be provided for.

The Chair continued: Having received those assurances, we requested
our Secretary to communicate with the Board of Trade of Asheville (who are
behind Mr. Deake), and obtain from them a guarantee that this Society will
receive, free of charge, a hall in which to hold the convention and a hall in
which to hold the exhibition.

THE QUESTION BOX.

The Question Box was here taken up and questions were read as to
the origin and life history of Thrips and Eed Spider.

Answers were requested, but no response was made.

The Presipent suggested that the questions be referred to the
Entomologist of the Society and that his replies be incorporated in
the convention report of the proceedings. (These replies will be
found in later pages of this volume.)

On motion of Mr. Lamb the questions Avere referred as suggested.

Another question was: "What is the reason we cannot send cut
flowers to France unless we pay ten cents per ounce?"

The Chair remarked that possibly the reason was that there was a

law to that effect.

(No direct response to the question was made.)

6Q PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

STATISTICS OF florists' ESTABLISHMENTS.

The President presented and read in part a communication re-
ceived by him from the Department of the Interior at Washington,
showing, by States and Territories, the leading facts tabulated to
date, relative to florists' establishments throughout a jDortion of the
country ; additonal returns to be made within a few weeks.

The paper stated that the number of establishments in the States named,
with buildings, up to period of tabulation, was 3,3G0; total area, 27,315 acres;
improved area, 21,268 acres; value of land and buildings, $32,494,250; value
of buildings, $14,321,604; value of implements, $893,913; value of live stock,
$254,745; value of products, $10,497,513; value of products fed to live stock,
$59,656; amount expended for fertilizers, $225,791; amount expended for labor,
$2,458,123. These figures represent the States of Arkansas, Colorado, Connecti-
cut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ehode Island and Vermont. There are
597 establishments in Massachusetts, value of their products, $1,512,581 ; in New
Jersey, 494, value of products, $1,960,558; New York, 983, value of products,
$2,866,357; Pennsylvania, 732, value of products, $2,232,543; Connecticut, 168,
value of products, $508,590; Rhode Island, 108, value of products, $295,774.
These figures represent the value of the flowers and plants grown in the differ-
ent States mentioned.

THE BULB INDUSTRY.

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale^ of Philadelphia, moved, in accordance
with a recommendation in the President's address, the appointment of
a committee of three to consult the national authorities at Washing-,
ton in reference to the bulb industry.

The motion was carried without dissent.

The committee was constituted as follows: Messrs. Wm. R.
Smith, Benjamin Durfee and W. F. Gude.

ADJOTTRNMENT.

On motion of Mr. James Dean an adjournment was ordered at
12.10 P. M. until evening.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAX FLORISTS. 67

THIRD DAY-EVENING.

The closing session of tl'e convention opened with an unusually
small number of members present, the counter attractions of the Pan-
American Exposition having begun to show their effect upon the
attendance. The absentees missed one of the most important papers
of the week, an essay by Professor Taft.

THE FUEL QUESTKJN IN GREENHOUSE HEATING.

Prof. I;. E. Taft, of the Agricultural College, Michigan, the es-
sayist of the evening, was escorted to the platform by Messrs. James
Dean and E. G. Hill and received a cordial greeting from the con-
vention. His subject was "The Fuel Question in Greenhouse
Heating.^'

The paper was as follows:

Of the many problems with whose solution every florist is vexed, there is
r.one, the labor question, perhaps, being alone excepted, that is more import-
ant than that of the fuel supply. Each one must decide for himself what
particular kind, or mixture of kinds, will give the best results unaer the con-
ditions that he can give them. Having determined this, he must then make
such arrangements as will secure the greatest possible amount of heat from
them.

The word fuel is applied to any substance that is burned, and in the burn-
ing or combustion of a fuel a chemical combination takes place between one or
more of the substances of which it is composed, and the oxygen of the air, at
such a rate as to produce heat and light. The elements in fuel that are of
most value for purposes of combustion are called carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
As oxygen is present in large quantities in the air, it is of no commercial im-
portance, but it must be present if combustion is to take place and, for the
economical burning of any fuel in a furnace, careful attention must be paid
to have the area and openings of tlie grate and the size of the chimney flues so
proportioned as to supply the needed amount of oxygen. As air contains by
\olume but little more than one-fifth oxygen, the arrangement must be such
as to admit nearly four and one-half pounds of air for each pound of oxygen
needed.

To produce the complete combustion of carbon to carbon dioxide (C02),
for one part of carbon two parts of oxygen are required, or, making allowance
for the difference in weight, for one combustion of one pound of carbon 2.66
pounds of oxygen will be necessary, and to supply this 12 pounds of air will be
required.

If the combustion is incomplete, carbon monoxide (CO) will be formed.

G8 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

and for this only one-half as much air, or six pounds for each pound of car-
bon, will be needed. As will be shown later, the combustion produced when
carbon monoxide is formed has less than one-third the heating power of com-
bustion to carbon dioxide, and as the one is produced when the supply of air
IS deficient, and the other when it is ample, the importance of securing a
sufficiency is very evident.

The other combustible element, hydrogen, is usually in smaller amounts
than the carbon, but as it is the liglitest of all elements, being rated at one,
while carbon is 12, nitrogen 14 and oxygen 16, it really constitutes a very con-
siderable portion, by volume, of many fuels. In the combustion of hydrogen,
two atoms unite with one oxygen, pioducing water, but, using the weights of
the elements, one pound of hydrogen joins itself to eight pounds of oxygen,
producing nine pounds of water, and for this 35 pounds of air are required.

Thus for the complete combustion of the 1,700 pounds of carbon and 100
pounds of hydrogen in one ton of Pocahontas coal, 23,900 pounds of air are re-
quired, or nearly 12 pounds per pound of coal. As it takes 12.388 cubic feet
of air to weigh one pound, sufficient draught must be provided for 296,071 '
cubic feet of air to pass through the grate while one ton of Pocahontas coal
is undergoing combustion.

Air required for the combustion of one ton of Pocahontas coal: 1,700 X
12 + 100 X 35 = 23,900 lbs., 23,900 X 12.388 = 296.073 cu. ft. air.

As it is not probable that every atom of carbon and hydrogen will come
in contact with the required number of atoms of oxygen, it is necessary in
practice to double the above amount of air and furnish 24 pounds for each
pound of coal, which is equal to 48,000 pounds, or 590,624 cubic feet of air.
If 12 pounds per hour per square foot of grate are burned, about 3,500 cubic
feet of air per hour will be required for each square foot of grate.

The heating volume, or, to use the correct scientific term, the calorific
power, of any combustible substance is found by taking one pound and, by
burning it, ascertain how many degrees it will elevate the temperature of
one pound of water, the combustion taking place at the point of its greatest
density, which is about 39 degrees. The unit of heat measure in this country
is what is commonly known as a British thermal miit, or, abbreviated, B. T.
U. This is the heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water
one degree.

Having ascertained this for the various elements of which combustible
bodies are composed, it is only necessary to know their analysis to be able
to determine their calorific power.

The following is commonly accepted as the heating efficiency of the sub-
stances named:

Hydrogen to water 62,000 B. T. U.

Carbon to carbon dioxide 14,500 " " "

Carbon' to carbon monoxide 4,450 " " "

Carbon monoxide to dioxide 4,000 " " "

To show the method of determining the heating value of any combustible,
let us suppose that a certain sample of coal contains 70 per cent, carbon, 5

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69

per cent, hydrogen and 2 per cent, sulphur. Using the above values we have,
as showing its calorific value:
Heat= C (14,500) X .7 + H (62,000) X .O.! + S (4.000) X .02 = 13.33C
To secure this result the combustion must be perfect and all the heat
must be saved. In actual practice this is not possible, the loss being more
than one-third.

THEOREIICAL VALUE OF FUEL.

The amount of heat that can be developed from one pound of carbon or
from one pound of the better grades of coal is sufficient to evaporate from
10 to 16 pounds of water from and at a temperature of 212 degrees, but even
with clean boilers and skillful firing only about three-fourths of this can be
secured. Not only does coal contain a considerable amount of earthy matter,
varying from 3 to 15, or even 20 per cent., which remains as aslies or clinkers,
but, especially when slack or other fine coal is used, a large amount falls
through the grate bars.

Imperfect combustion also greatly reduces the amount of heat that can
be obtained from fuel, as, owing to a small supply of air, the combustion may
result in the formation of carbonic monoxide, instead of carbonic dioxide.

In the case of anthracite coal, the best results Avill be secured when there
is a thin fire and sufficient air is admitted, so that every particle of carbon will
be brought in contact with free oxygen.

It is known that about one-fourth of a heat unit (.2375), is required to
raise a pound of air one degree F'ahrenheit or, if the openings through the
grate admitted twice the amount of air needed for perfect combustion, it would
require not far from 1,500 heat units to raise this extra air to the temperature
of the chimney, supposing this to be 600 degrees.

It has been stated that the heat produced by the combustion of one pound
of pure carbon, or one pound of a good grade of coal, is sufficient to evaporate
15 pounds of water, and the question naturally arises, how is it possible for a
pound of coal which may contain ten per cent, of ash to furnish as much heat
as a pound of pure carbon.

This apparent inconsistency is due to the fact that coal, and soft coal in
particular, contains a considerable amount of hydrogen, united with carbon,
forming what is called hj^drocarbon, which will burn after being brought into
gaseous form.

The combustion of hydrogen generates an enormous heat, 62,000 heat
units being liberated by the burning of one pound. When bituminous coal is
burned, it is of especial importance that there should be no great surplus in
the amount of air, as a serious loss would otherwise be caused. Thus, if 24
pounds of air are supplied for each pound of carbon burned, the gas will have
a temperature of but 1,300 degrees and at this temperature the carbon will no*-
ignite, and on cooling the particles of carbon will form soot and smoke, and
in the first-named form will collect in the boiler tubes and lessen their efli-
ciency.

There is still further loss of heat by radiation and convection from the

70 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

doors, ash-pit and all exposed portions of the boiler, and this should be guarded
against by the use of thick walls of brick and other coverings.

The amount of air can be regulated in part by the ash-pit doors and by
the depth of fire. With a good depth of coal over the grate bars, the move-
ment of the air will be checked and, becoming warmed, it will have a much
less cooling effect on the temperature of the gases of combustion and the fire
surfaces of the boilers. There is also a large amount of heat that passes out
through the chimney. This cannot be spoken of as lost, as it is necessary to
produce a draught and thus secure the perfect combustion of the fuel.

The loss will be greater when the amount of air furnished is in excess of
the amount required for the maximum combustion. Thus, with only 12
pounds of air per pound of fuel, a maximum draught can be secured when the
loss is but one-eighth, the remaining seven-eighths going to produce steam;
with 24 pounds of air, one-fourth of the heat will be lost, while with 48
pounds of air for each pound of carbon burned, the loss of heat up the
chimney will be one-half that given ofi' by the coal.

WOOD AS FUEL.

The fuel first iised, and the one that for a long time was the only one
available, was wood or wood charcoal, but for some years other materials have
taken its place except in few localities. In sections remote from coal fields
and where large areas of forest are found, wood is even now used to a con-
siderable extent in the prodviction of steam for greenhouse heating and other
purposes.

The average wood used as a fuel contains from 25 to 50 per cent, of
water, the larger proportion being found when freshly cut, and from 30 to 50
per cent, of carbon. In the process of combustion the water is first evapor-
ated, requiring a large amount of heat, the gaseous portion is then driven ofi'
and the oxidation of the carbon follows. Hickory, white oak, hard maple and
beech are among the more valuable woods for fuel purposes. The combustible
value of white pine, elm and the more common soft woods, is from' one-half
to two-thirds that of hard maple.

PETROLEUM.

In some sections considerable attention has been paid to the use of crude
oil as a fuel for greenhouse heating.

Witli oil of a specific gravity of 0.875, and costing 3 cents per gallon, or
$1.26 per barrel of 42 gallons it will cost 26 cents to evaporate 1,000 pounds
of water. If the sp. g. is decreased to 0.775 and the price remains the same
,the expense for fuel to evaporate 1,000 pounds of water will be 34 cents.

With coal showing 10,000 B. T. U. worth $3 per ton it will cost 15 cents
to evaporate 1,000 pounds of water. If the coal shows 9,000 B. T. U. and
casts $2.50 per ton the expense will be about 14 cents. At these figures the
cost of oil as fuel is about double that of coal, but considerable allowance
should be made for the saving in labor in firing and removing ashes where oil
.is used.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71

At the present price of crude oil, its cost as fuel is more than double that
of good steam coal, as Avas shown by the reports made to the writer from
florists having about the same amount of glass, some using coal and others oil.

NATURAL GAS.

Natural gas also takes a high place as a fuel for steam making, as it is
very effectual, clean, and requires but little care. While it is readily trans-
ported, its sphere of usefulness is small, and in most of the gas-belts the pres-
sure is lessening, indicating that the supply is failing. The calorific value of
natural gas varies per pound fron that of the best grades of coal (12,000 B.
T. U.) to nearly double their value (23,900 B. T. U.) or on the basis of 1,000
cu. ft., various analyses show that the above amount of gas is equal to from
70 to 100 pounds of semi-bituminous coal and estimating this at $3 per ton
1.000 cu. ft. of natural gas has a calorific value in B. T. U., of from 747,520 to
1,117,100, and is worth for heating purposes from 10 to 15 cents. As com-
pared Avith coal the actual value of the gas is considerably increased by the
saving in labor.

The heating value of common illuminating gas is somewhat less than
that of natural gas, ranging from 600,000 to 900,000 B. T. U., which gives it
a value of S to 12 cents per 1,000 cu. ft.

That the coal used as fuel is merely fossilized vegetation is shown by the
fact that we find it in all forms from peat to anthracite coal, varying in propor-
tion to the extent to which the distillation of the woody fibre has been carried.
Aside from peat and lignite, which are but slightly fossilized, we have what
are known as bituminous and anthracite coals. The former contains 20 per
cent., or more, of volatile matter. In burning they give off a strong bitumin-
ous odor with a heavy black smoke and a yellowish flame. Some bituminous
coals are quite hard and slaty while others are soft and fibrous, crumbling
under rough handling. The forms that burn with a short flame contain 80
to 90 per cent, of carbon and are called semi-bituminous, while the rich
bituminous coals which burn with a very long flame, owing to the large
amount of A'olatile matter found in them, contain but 65 to 75 per cent, of
carbon.

Speaking of bituminous coals, William Kent says in effect: (Transac-
tions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 2, page 90). "If
we draw a line from the Pocahontas field on the boundary line between Vir-
ginia and West Virginia, through Maryland, a little west of Cumberland, and
through Somerset, Cambria and Clearfield Counties in Pennsylvania, it will
l)r.ss through the coal field containing the best steam coals mined in the
United States. These coals are very uniform in their chemical composition
the combustiDle portion varying only two or three per cent, from 80 per
cent, fixed carbon, and 20 per cent, volatile matter. Their heating power is
likewise remarkably imiform, averaging 15,750 B. T. U., per pound of com-
bustible, with a probable variation of not over two per cent, from this figure.

72 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

The ash and moisture of all the coals along this line are also very low, the
ash varying no doubt with the care used in preparing the coal for market.
These coals are very properly classed as semi-bituminous.

"Traveling northwestwardly at right angles to and from any point on this
line, the coal gradually increases in volatile matter and decreases in heating
value. In the coals mined on the line, the volatile matter is only about 20
per cent, of the total weight of the combustible matter, but it is nearly all of
the composition of marsh gas, C". H4., having but little oxygen and every
pound of it is worth nearly li/. pounds of carbon. Farther to the northwest,
however, while the proportion of the volatile matter increases it becomes of
poorer quality, being higher in oxygen. In some parts of Ohio the volatile
matter is worth no more per pound than carbon, and in most Illinois coals
it is worthless."

Of the anthracite coals, the so-called semi-anthracite contains from 85 to
90 per cent, of carbon, with a small amount of volatile matter, while in the
hard anthracites we find 90 to 94 per cent, of carbon, 3 to 8 per cent, of vola-
tile matter and 3 to 4 per cent. ash. Such coals are black, with a bright
lustre, and are so hard that they stand transportation and rough handling
with little injury. Owing to the large amount of carbon, they are, weight
for weight, the most valuable of coals.

Coal is extensively mined in 27 of the States and Territories. Anthra-
cite coal is found principally in eastern Pennsylvania, although mines have
been opened in Colorado and New Mexico. The States leading in the produc-
tion of bituminous coal are Pennsylvania, Illinois and West Virginia, and in
these States the cost of the coal at the mine is less than in other States.

The semi-bituminous coals of West Virginia, Maryland and Pensylvania,
as stated by Mr. Kent, contain about 19 per cent, of volatile matter, and 70
per cent, carbon.

The better bituminous coals of the States named contain the following
percentages of carbon, volatile matter and ash:

CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF COAL FROM UIFFEREXT STATES. ,

Bituminous Carbon, Vol. matter. Ash,

coals of per cent, per cent, per cent.

Pennsylvania 55 .35 .08

Ohio 52 .38 .09

Kentucky 50 .39 .09

Indiana 48 .40 .10

Illinois 47 .38 .10

Missouri 47 .38 .09

Iowa 44 .40 .10

The analyses also show a marked diflerence in the amounts of water con-
tained in the coals of the various States; thus, for the Pennsylvania coals, it
averages little if any more than 1 per cent., while in Indiana coals it averages
4 per cent., in Illinois 6 per cent, and in Iowa 8 per cent.

VARIATION IN THE AMOUNT OF COMBUSTIBLE MATTER.

Professors Lord and Haas (Transactions of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers, 1897), state that per pound of combustible, all coals from

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73

a given seam, over a considerable area, have a substantially uniform heating
value per pound of the combustible portion. Careful and painstaking work
by chemical analysis and in actual boiler tests, shows a considerable variation
in the actual heating value of coal from the same region or even from the same
mine. The first difference is noted in the amount of ash. Thus, in the better
grades of Lehigh and Lackawanna anthracite the percentage of ash is generally
between 10 and 15, while in the pea, buckwheat and screenings it may amount
to 15 or 20. In bituminous coal we find the range even greater. In Poca-
hontas, Cumberland and other semi-bituminous coals, actual tests show about
5 per cent, of non-combustible material. Pittsburg and Ohio coals usually
contain from 6 to 10 per cent, and as high as 12 per cent, of dust and slack.

The coals of the western States show a smaller percentage of carbon and a
larger percentage of volatile matter than the bituminous coals of Pennsyl-
vania, but the amount of volatile matter does not necessarily determine its
calorific value, as, if the proportion of oxygen is large, the heating value of
the hydrogen will be lessened.

In the preparation of anthracite coal for the market it is screened into
various sizes, known as steamboat (4 to 6 in.), bioken (3 to 4 in.), egg (2i4 to
2% in.), large stove (2 to 2^4 in.), small stove (I14 to 1% in.), and chestnut
(% to 1 in.). There is also at the mines and local yards, a large amount of
line coal graded according to its size as, pea, No. 1 buckwheat, No. 2 buckwheat
or rice, bird's eye, No. 3 buckwheat, and dust, the latter being so fine that it
will pass through perforations 3-32 of an inch in diameter. Aside from the
slight increase in the amount of slate and refuse found in these finer grades of
coal, they contain the same amount of combustible materials as the coarser
grades. The term "screenings" and "slack" are commonly applied to the finer
grades of coal, while at the mines they form what is called "culm."

The burning of these fine coals presents various difficulties, one being that
the particles pack together upon the grate, making it difficult to provide a
sufficient amount of air to secure perfect combustion, without using a draught
so strong as to draw the fine particles up the chimney or unduly cool the gases
of combustion. On the other hand, when the coal is loosened by the slice ba?,
much of it shakes through the openings in the grate bars.

When fine coal, either anthracite or bituminoiis, is burned under a boiler
where the draught is gentle, the best results are secured by having a thin fire,
one to two inches in depth, while with a strong draught and hard coal it may
be five or six inches deep.

With too strong a draught, or too thin a fire, th^ gases are diluted and
cooled, while if the draught is too weak or the fire too heavy for the draught,
combustion will be incomplete, carbon monoxide will be formed and loss in
lieat will result.

The requirements for the successful burning of these finer grades of an-
thracite coal are, ( 1 ) , large grates with air spaces of from % to % of an inch,
according to the size of the coal ; ( 2 ) , thin fires and frequent stoking, the
thickness of the bed diminishing with the rate of combustion; (3), arrange-
ments for feeding the fires and cleaning the grates without excessive opening

74 PKOCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

of the doors. The best results are secured with a forced draught and a me-
chanical stoker.

MEASUREMENTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF BOILERS.

In order that there may be some common basis for comparison, various
measures of the efficiency of boilers have been devised. A horse power was long
f^inee taken as a standard, and Watt, judging from the performance of the
engines of his day, iixed upon the amount of steam that they would reijuire
per hour as that developed from a cubic foot of water, or about 60 pounds,
evaporated from 212 degrees, for each horse power, or the raising of 33,000
pounds continuously one foot per minute.

At the present time the efficiency of engines has increased, and the evap-
oration of 30 pounds of water at 100 degrees, or 34l^ pounds at 212 degrees, at
70 pounds pressure per hour, is regarded as the standard of measurement of a
commercial horse power.

Another standard of measurement is based on the heating surface of the
boiler and, as the efficiency of boiler surface has been tested thousands of times,
it is a simple matter to ascertain the number of feet of boiler surface required
for each horse power. The average of these many tests shows that about three
pounds of water, from and at 212 degrees, can be evaporated from each foot of
toiler surface, and on this basis 11.5, or, dropping the fraction, 12 feet of heat-
ing surface in a horizontal tubular boiler are able to furnish steam for one
hcrse power.

The following table shows tne relation of horse power and heating surface

in different types of boilers (From Steam Boiler, Peabody & Miller, New York,

1898):

Sq. ft. of 8q. ft. Heating

Type of Rate of heating surface of grate surface

Boiler. combustion, per sq. ft. of per H. P. per H. P.

grate.

Lancashire 8 to 10 25 to 30 .36 7.0

Horizontal tubular 8 to 15 35 to 40 .30 11.5

Vertical, Manning 10 to 20 48 .23 ll'.l

Locomotive type (etc.) 8 to 15 40 to 45 .30 12.6

Scotch Marine 35 to 46 30 .11 3.3

Water Tube, with cylin-
der 9 to 15 35 to 45 .28 11.0

POUNDS OF COAL PER HORSE POWER AND PER POUND OF STEAM.

In answering the questions submitted to me regarding ( 1 ) the amount of
each kind of coal required to evaporate one pound of water and (2), the
amount of each kind of coal required to produce a horse power per hour in
heating plants of different sizes, I am fortunate in having at my disposal the
results of many thousands of actual tests made with boilers of the same and
different styles, using various kinds and grades of coal. A considerable number
of these tests were made by George H. Barrus, and published in his book,
"Boiler Tests," while the others are in the "Transactions of the American So-
ciety of Mechanical Engineers," and in various engineering magazines or works
on boiler practice.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75

Before giving any of the results of these tests, 1 wish to be understood as
believing tliat a single test of any fuel in a single kind of boiler is of but little
value in determining the real efficiency of the boiler, or the fuels, as either
might make a much better showing if some other fuel is used for the boiler,
or a different boiler is provided in which to test the fuel. It is also well known
that if several tests are made under what are apparently identical conditions,
using the same boiler, and the same fireman feeds fuel from the same pile, in
the same amounts and at similar intervals, and it is burned with the same
draught, on days when the thermometer and barometer give similar readings,
no two of the results are likely to be identical, the difference often reaching
three to five per cent.

Hence it should be understood that the results given cannot be guaranteed
in practice, but as care has been taken to use only such tests as seem well
authenticated and as were made under ordinary conditions, there should be no
difficulty in duplicating the results.

Location has much to do with the cost of fuel, and what might be good
practice in one State might be unprofitable in another, licnce recommendations
can only be general.

A large number of tests were made by John W. Hill, at Cincinnati, in 1897,
in which he used a great variety of coals in a pair of Galloway firebox boilers
of about 325 horse power, under the usual conditions for a carefully conducted
boiler test. The tests lasted 16 hours in nearly all cases. The results are
found in the "Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers for
1899." The various tests show slight variations in coal from the different
mines, but the following is the average:

POUNDS OF STEAM FROM AND AT 212 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

Coal used. Per pound Per pound

of coal, of combustible.

Pittsburg 8.69 9.46

Best West Virginia Coal ( Pocahontas, New

River, Loup Creek, Acme and Tacker ).. . 9.51 10.16

Second Class West Virginia Coal (Key-
stone, Winifrede, Eagle, Chesapeake and
Mt. Carbon) 8.76 9.49

Ohio Coal (Welston, Mine Run) 8.05 8.30

Kentucky Coal ( Jellico, Mine Run) 9.115 9.431

From the above it would seem that Pocahontas coal from West Virginia,
and the other semi-bituminous coals, have about 10 per cent, more heating
value than the Pittsburg coals, while the lower grade of West Virginia coals
have practically the same value as the Pittsburg coals. The Ohio coals have
about 7 per cent, less value than Pittsburg and 15 per cent, less than Poca-
hontas. The Jellico coals from Kentucky stand about midway between the
Pittsburg and West Virginia coals of the better class.

Among the tests of Mr. Barrus was one in which Cumberland bituminous,
Lackawanna broken. Nova Scotia culm, and a mixture of one part of N. S.
culm, with three parts of pea and dust were burned in the same boiler, which

76 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

\f&s a return horizontal tubular of 100 horse-power. The following table
shoAVS the efficiency of the different coals :

steam per pound Pounds of coal

of coal at 212°. per H. P.

Cumberland 10.16 3.4

Lackawanna anthracite 8.78 3.9

N. S. Culm 8.21 4.1

N. S. Culm 1 part, Pea and

Dust 2 parts 8.59 4

ANOTHER TEST SHOWS: -u „• CM

t< 03 aj •*-i _! »-

aj ,^ a) o 35 a;

Old

wi na

M^55 Ah o >

Cumberland 10.25 3.37 5.55

I^ackawanna, Broken 9.24 3.8 4.92

Cumberland 1 part. Pea and Dust 2 parts 7.99 4.34 4.40

N. S. Culm 1 part, Pea and Dust 2 parts 7.27 4.50 4.15

Cumberland 10.43 3.47 5.39

Lehigh, Egg 10.18 3.41 5.48

Anthracite Screenings and Cumberland, equal parts. 9.39 3.69 5.07

Lehigh, Broken 10.67 3.4 5.50

Lackawanna, Broken 9.80 3.55 5.27

Cumberland 1 part. Screenings 2 parts 9.51 3.7 5.05

Cumberland 11.00 3.15 5.94

Lehigh, Chestnut 8.22 3.78 4.95

Lehigh, Pea 8.40 4.1 4.56

Lehigh, Broken 9.61 3.65 5.12

Cumberland 1 part, Pea and Dust 2 parts 9.70 3.56 5.25

Clearfield 1 part, Pea and Dust 2 parts 9.31 3.7 5.05

Anthracite, Stove 9.42 3.7 5.05

Cumberland 10.61 3.29 5.68

In estimating the value of the coal, Lehigh broken is taken at $5.50.

From the above tables it will be seen that Cumberland coal averages very
well with the best Lehigh broken and egg coal, and considerably higher than
Lehigh chestnut, or the Lackawanna coals, and that the mixtures of the' fine
anthracite coals with Cumberland bituminous coal have a heating value that
approaches within 30 per cent, of that of the Cumberland coal. It is well
known that the temperature of the gases of combustion is considerably lower
in the case of fine coal than when the coarser coals are burned; hence, unless
forced draught is used, a considerable increase is necessary in the size of the
boiler and the grate area should be at least 25 per cent, greater.

When fine coal is burned it should be thrown on the grate in thin layers
and at intervals somewhat shorter than is necessary for coarse coal, and the
slice bar should be used quite frequently. This will not only considerably in-
crease the labor of firing but will make a regular fireman necessary.

SELECTION OF COAL.

Whatever showing may be made in tests of the different kinds of coal, the
result will have but little effect in many places in the selection of .the coal

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 77

that is to be used. This is true in the west especially, as there it is possible
to purchase coal mined in the vicinity at a price that is less than the freight
upon coal brought from Pennsylvania or West Virginia. Except in localities
where they can be delivered by boat, these coals will have little sale west of
the Mississippi, and the same is true in many sections in Oliio, Indiana, Illi-
nois and Michigan.

Dr. K. H. Thurston (Engine and Boiler Tests p. 22), says, "Other things
being equal the fuel which gives the greatest quantity of available heat for the
total money expenditure, by its complete combustion in such a manner as to
give the highest possible temperature" is the best fuel.

In theory, the best fuel is the one that contains of its kind the larnest
amount of available combustible material, but, from the standpoint of the
florist or other consumer, the cost should be taken into account and this will
include, not only what is paid for the fuel, but the expense for hauling and
storing and of firing the boilers, including the removal of the ashes.

Where low freight rates can be secured, Pocahontas and other first-class.
West Virginia coal is rated at about 9.5 pounds of steam from and at 212
degrees per pound of coal, may be cheaper than Hocking Valley, Jackson Hill,
C)wosso, Bay City, or other Ohio and Michigan brands which will not make a
showing of more than 8 pounds of steam per pound of coal. The first-named
coals have two serious drawbacks, the first being that they crumble so readily
that after being handled two or three times fully 50 per cent, becomes "slack."
The other objection is that they burn slowly and require a much larger grate
than the free-burning, rich bituminous coal.

In New England, New York and the Middle Atlantic States, the question
of freight must also be taken into consideration. While egg anthracite coal
may be desirable in plants so small that a night fireman cannot be atforded,
the choice will generally be between the Cumberland and Pittsburg coals, the
former of which shows an average combustible value about 10 per cent, greater
than the other.

In sections near the mines, or where low freight rates can be secured, the
finer grades of anthracite may be used as the basis of the fuel. The objection
to this grade of coal as fuel has already been pointed out. The trouble can be
somewhat lessened by mixing with the screenings or other fine coal, one part
of Cumberland coal to two or three parts of screenings. A large grate and a
good draught are needed and, by the use of a thin fire and the occasional use
of the slicer, fair results can be obtained without using forced draught.

In plants of the largest size, a considerable saving can often be made in
the coal bill when screenings can be cheaply obtained, ilthey are used as a part
of the fuel, and are burned with forced draught, either with or without a me-
chanical stoker. The use of the blower and the other equipment for forced
draught, where a new plant is to be erected, adds but little or nothing to the
first cost, as its use will efi"ect a saving of 10 to 15 per cent, in the boilers
required, and an even greater saving in the cost of the chimney.

The mechanical stoker will not only lessen the loss in temperature when
the doors are opened, but Avill reduce the amount of coal that falls throiiirh
the grate.

78 TEOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

COAL FOR GREENHOUSE RANGES OF DIFFERENT SIZES.

As will be seen by the programme a request has been made that applica-
tion be made to greenhouses requiring different amounts of coal, ranging from
200 to 2,000 tons per annum. In a general way, it can be said that, where the
l£,rger amounts of coal are burned, the greatest economy will be found, as there
will be a saving in various ways. There will be relatively less loss by radiation
from the boiler ; the amount of heat used in securing a draught will also be less
in a larger plant than in a small one in proportion to the amount of coal con-
sumed; in the larger plants, too, it will be possible to give more attention to
the firing, and the result will be a steady fire and an even steam pressure,
which will result in the economy of fuel. In fact, it may be said to be largely
a matter of the fireman and the method of firing. Thus, in the smaller plants,
where the fireman gives only part of his time to the boilers, some of the free-
burning lump bituminous coals will give good satisfaction, although for small
boilers, and in sections where bituminous coals are high in price, some of the
egg anthracite coals may be preferred. Where the plants are large enough to
warrant a regular fireman, the superiority of Pocahontas and other semi-
bituminous coals might warrant their use. Under similar conditions, it might
be well to investigate the question of combining one part of Cumberland, or
other semi-bituminous coal with two to three parts of buckwheat, pea, or dust,
anthracite coal. Where this mixture can be laid down at two-thirds the cost
of Cumberland coal, it will be the cheaper fire, provided proper conditions are
provided for its combustion.

Whatever the kind of fuel used, its economical burning depends so much
upon the proper adjustment of the area of the grate and heating surfaces of
the boiler, and the height and size of the chimney to the radiating surface to
be supplied with steam, that the following suggestions are made:

RATIO OF GRATE AND HEATING SURFACE TO RADIATING SURFACE.

Except in small boilers, when it is safest to estimate 15 feet of heating sur-
face as required for one horse power, it is customary to consider 12 feet of heat-
ing surface to the horse power, and to use from 70 to 100 feet of radiation for
each horse power, the larger amount being used for the larger bjilers. The
proportion between grate and heating surface will depend largely upon the
kind of fuel used, and the rate of combustion, varying from 30 to 50 feet of
heating surface to one foot of grate surface. For slow burning coal, with a
combustion of not more than 10 pounds per square foot of grate per hour, the
smaller figures may be used, but with free-burning fuel, and when the coal
consumption is more than 15 pounds per square foot of grate per hour, it will
be economical to have 45 to 50 feet of heating surface to each foot of grate
surface. Most authorities consider from 12 to 15 pounds of coal (both bitu-
minous and anthracite ) , per square foot of grate per hour, as the most economi-
cal rate of consumption, and with good fuel and a fairly efficient boiler it is
very seldom that more than four pounds of coal per horse power will be re-
quired.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79

HEIGHT, AREA AND HORSE-POWER OF CHIMNEY.

It has been determined that the effectiveness of a chimney varies with the
square of its diameter and the square root of its height. Thus, a chimney that
is four feet in diameter is four times as efficient as one that is but two feet in
diameter, while if 144 feet in height it will only answer for a boiler twice as
large as if it were but 36 feet high.

Of the various formulae for determining the relative size of the grate and
chimney the following is much used: The area of the grate should equal the
product of the smallest area of the chimney flue and the square root of its
height for anthracite coal, while for bituminous coal the product is divided by
1.83. Thus, for anthracite coal, if the grate has an area of 36 square feet and
the chimney is 64 feet high, the area of the chimney flue should be 4.5 feet for
anthracite coal, and about 2.5 feet for bituminous coal. As a rule, the area of
the chimney flue should about equal that of the boiler tubes and this is gener-
ally about one-tenth the grate area.

By multiplying the grate area by the number of pounds of coal to be
burned per hour per square foot of grate and dividing the product by the num-
ber of pounds of coal required per horse power per hour, the horse power of the
chimney can be determined.

If every florist arranges for the proper adjustment of his grate, heating
and radiating areas, and then selects the fuel that Avill furnish the largest
number of heat units under the conditions it will have to meet, for the smallest
cost per ton, he will do much towards settling his own fuel problem.

When the applause which followed the reading of the paper liad
subsided the following discussion took place :

Mr. C. W. W.\rd: Mr. President, I did not volunteer to speak on this
matter, but was notified by Secretary Stewart that I would be expected to say
something. In fact, I am not a fit person to talk on the subject, as 1 have
no technical education upon it nor any experience. The bulk of my experi-
ence in firing boilers has been upon those of saw mills, where we are put to
our wits' ends to get rid of a large amount of sawdust, and the question of
economy is not studied.

I have had some experience in coal burning. We burn five or six hundred
tons at our place per annum. Some years ago, when we put in a boiler of a
supposed 115 horse power, which ran 54,000 square feet of glass, we made a
test at that time, running over several months, of the practical results we
got from coal burning. We confined our test to Wilkesbarre Egg and Wilkes-
barre Pea coal. Taking into consideration the outside temperature, the ve-
locity of the wind, and a number of other things, we figured that the pea coal
was worth to us in heat imits about fifty cents per ton more than the egg. It
was not such a test as has been referred to by Prof. Taft, but was simply a
sort of a rough test. It demonstrated practically that the pea coal was the
cheaper for us. At that time we were getting our pea coal on a basis of $2.75,
or about $3.25 laid down at the boiler house and ready to put on the fires;
and the egg was costing us nearly $5.00. Since then, the egg has advanced to

80 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

$5.50, and the pea coal runs anywhere from $3.80 to $4.25 delivered; so that
the difference in favor of the pea coal has largely vanished through the rise in
price.

I have been informed by some engineers in New York, who are using me-
chanical stokers, that they are getting excellent results out of a mixture of
slack (that is, soft slack or bituminous slack) and pea and buckwheat coal.
In fact, they claim that with the use of mechanical stokers in this mixture of
coal they are getting more economy. I have been advised by our coal dealer
that, in order to get the cost of our heating down, we shall be obliged to use
those mixtures for the reason that the demand for buckwheat and pea coal is
advancing so rapidly that the prices will range so near the price of the larger
grades of coal that there will not be much, if any, economy in buying them.
In fact, the coal cannot be had in large quantities unless you make arrange-
ments in advance.

Mr. H. B. Beatty (being called upon) said he had been much in-
terested in listening to Prof. Taft's paper, and he thought he was ex-
pressing the opinion of every member when he said it was the one
paper that should be closely studied by each. The question was
one in "which they were all interested and had been for years. With
respect to his being called upon, he remarked that his own under-
standing was that it had not been the intention to discuss Prof. Taft's
paper, but rather the fuel question. He confirmed Mr. Ward's state-
ment, made before the Executive Committee in the meeting at Wash-
ington, in regard to economy in firing boilers at a certain pressure of
steam, that a pressure in his boilers at from 60 to 90 pounds was more
economical in the consumption of fuel than a pressure above or below
it. He continued :

A number of years ago, when I was interested in boilers for the oil well
business, we made a number of rough tests and determined to our own satisfac-
tion, at least, that a pressure of steam on a boiler at 60, or from 60 to 70
pounds, was more economical in the amount of fuel used than any other pres-
sure. With the facilities we have now in the use of valves for regulating the
pressure, you can carry any amount of steam you wish' on your boiler and
reduce it to the degree required in the greenhouses. I would have liked to hear
Mr. Ward repeat here the statement made by him last Spring in regard to
his experiments. It was a very valuable and interesting one to me.

Mr. C. W. Ward: As to this test that I spoke of regarding coal, I per-
haps omitted something that slipped my memory. In making those experi-
ments we carried different pressures. The lowest pressure we could carry, to
work our pumps, was twenty pounds. Then we carried a pressure at 30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 pounds; and, as Mr. Beatty states, we found that
our greatest economy laid between 60 and 90 pounds. Subsequent tests hav«

SOCIETY OF AMERICAlSr FLORISTS. 81

demonstrated that with our boiler, and the particular chimney and draught
we have, 70 pounds is about the pressure for us to carry. We have a pit in
which there is an automatic pump, and the condensed water is returned to
this tank and fed into the boilers by the pump. We carry on our boiler a pres-
sure of 70 pounds. Once in a great while we run up to 80, on an extremely
cold night, when there is a heavy gale blowing; and with that we will carry
15 pounds pressure on our coils, and in mild weather sometimes we will carry
half a pound pressure. With the plant we had we were able to carry the
temperature to the furthermost point in our greenhouses on the coldest night
as well as on a moderate night.

Mr. W. E. Beattie, of the Department of Agriculture, at Wash-
ington (being called upon by the Chair), said Prof. Taft had so
thoroughly covered the fuel question that his own remarks would be
directed to the application of heat after it had left the boiler house.
The Department of Agriculture, during the past year, had been carry-
ing on some experiments with a view to determining the temperatures
of soils, and the action of artificial heat as applied to soil, in the
growth of early Spring crops ; the idea of soil heating not being a new
one at all. He then referred to a memorandum he had received from
Mr. De La Mare, of The Florists' Exchange, to the effect that a
grower (Eev. Mr. Collings), of Guernsey, Channel Islands, had
steam pipes buried in the earth beneath his grape vines and grapery
as early as 1867. To-day the most abundant form of the application
of soil heat was the common manure hot-bed. He went on to explain
the experiments carried on by the Department of Agriculture this
year, one phase of which was on the hot-beds or cold frames, with
pipes beneath, in which lettuce and various garden crops were grown
with marked results in favor of the soil heating, which was done by
means of three-inch drain tiles laid to a depth of about ten inches
below the surface of the soil, into which steam was discharged through
a nozzle. He continued:

During the early Spring months the temperature of the soil is much lower
than the casual observer would suspect. In our observations, which were begun
early in March, we found that, while the temperature of the air frequently
reached 60 or 70 degrees during the day, and dropped only to about 45 de-
grees during the night, the temperature of the soil varied only two or three
degrees, and remained near the average minimum temperature of the air, which
was near 50 degrees. All soil temperatures in these experiments included the
soil to a depth of six inches.

As the season advances the temperature of the soil gradually increases,
but not in proportion with the increase of the atmospheric temperature. This

83 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

i& partly due to the cooling influence of early Spring rains, but more par-
ticularly to the low temperature of the subsoil. The growth and maturity of
a crop of corn is a good indicator of the changes in soil temperature, showing
conclusively that the soil does not reach its maximum warmth until late in
the Summer. ■■

During the past year two phases of the experiment were vindertaken, one
in frames under sash and the other in the open ground. In the first mentioned
we were experimenting with a view to securing a method that will displace the
old form of hot-bed heating, and supplant it with a system that will be more
economical on a large scale. Two cold frames, each 6 by 12 ft., were lo-
cated, end to end, with the slope to the south. In the one which we designate
as "A" one line of 1^/4 inch pipe was run around, inside the frame, just below
the glass. This pipe was turned on only as required to keep out frost or-
prevent plants being injured by sudden lowering of the temperature. In the
other frame, which we indicate as "B" lines of ordinary three-inch drain
tiles were laid parallel with the sides of the bed, at a depth of ten inches be-
low the surface of the soil, the lines being eighteen inches apart and con-
nected at the ends. Discharging into these tiles were two nozzles of 64-100
inch diameter, through which the steam was admitted to the tiles. These
nozzles were so directed as to induce a circulation of the steam through the
lines of tiles. Back of the nozzles was placed a pocket in the pipe to catch
any particles of dirt that might otherwise clog the openings. The frame with
the soil heat was given a little heat each day and closed off during the night,
while in the air heated frame the steam was turned on during the night and
on cold days. At the start the soil temperature of both of these frames was
about 50 degrees.

In franie A the average temperature of the air was about 70 degrees and
of the soil about 58 degrees. In frame B the average temperature of the air
was about 03 degrees and of the soil about 72 degrees, or practicallj' the
reverse of A.

In the open air experiment two methods were used — one consisting of lines
of three-inch drain tiles, laid at a depth of about 16 inches below the surface,
and connected at the ends of the lines, to give a link or circulation when the
steam was discharged into these pipes. It was found by actual experiment
that, when the steam at 60 pounds pressure was admitted to these tiles
through a one-eighth inch nozzle, there was a complete circuit inside of the
tiles about every seven seconds, and the heat was evenly distributed. In the
second phase of this experiment l-^-inch iron pipes were used, laid to a
depth of 16, 18 and 20 inches and at a distance of 3, 4, 6 and more feet
between lines. Into these lines the steam was turned under from 60 to 80
pounds pressure. The heat was turned into the pipes several times to test
their working order, and then allowed to remain cool until one or two days
before the plantings were made. In the open air experiment the steam was
kept on almost constantly during daylight hours of the two days preceding
planting, after which only two or three hours each day; which Avas sufficient
to keep the temperature near the required point.

Bet. tiles

Over pipes.

Bet. pipes.

Check.

59.4 deg.

67 deg.

62 deg.

47.4 deg.

65 "

71.6 "

65 "

51.5 "

66.4 "

78 "

67 "

54

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83

Soil temperatures were recorded at five points on the plots; directly over
the tiles and pipes, half way between the lines of tiles and pipes, and in the
centre of the check plot. The observations were made at 8 A. M., before any
heat was applied; 12 M., shortly after heat was turned off; and 4:30 P. M.,
live hours or longer after shutting off steam. The average of these readings
for a period of ten days may be considered about a general average for the en-
tire time that the experiment was conducted. These are as follows:

Over line of tile, 72 degrees; between lines of tile, 64 degi'ces; over line
of iron pipe, 72 degrees; betMeen lines of iron pipe, 65 degrees; and where no
heat was applied, 51 degrees.

The average temperatures during ten days, as shown at the three times
of observation, were as follows:

Over tlies.
8 A. M. 62 deg.

12 M. 75 "

4.30 p.m. 79.5 «'

From the above it will be readily understood that a constant temperature
was not maintained, and yet the results were in most cases very satisfactory.
In commercial growing it would be desirable to turn the steam into the lines
for about thirty minutes every three hours during the day and night. By this
plan it would be necessary to estimate the amount of pipe under wliich the
boiler would maintain pressure, then put in four or five times that amount,
and turn on in alternate sections. By doing this an almost constant tempera-
ture could be maintained and the results would be more satisfactory than
where the heating is so irregular. In one or two instances, when the steam
was allowed to remain on the drain tiles too long, the soil became overheated.
This was due, however, more particularly to the escape of steam at the joints
rather than to the temperature of the tiles.

It was found that where the pipes were buried deeper than sixteen inches
tlie heat was more evenly distributed and there was no difficulty from burning
or scalding the soil. INIore heat is required to produce a given change at the
surface with deeplj^ laid pipes, and the change is brought about more slowly,
but the heat is held much longer and the fluctuations in temperature are not so
great. Objections have been raised to heating soil with iron pipes because of
the drying and burning where the soil is in contact with the pipes. We found
that, for the first half hour after turning the steam into the pipes the con-
densation was very rapid and the transmission of heat to the soil was
hastened by the presence of cool moisture which the earth immediately sur-
rounding the pipes had taken up during the time that the pipes were cold.
After this moisture had been driven off', the dry soil formed a covering for the
pijies to a thickness of four or five inches, and assisted very materially in se-
curing an even distribution of heat. On two or three occasions when the soil
was very wet, it was found that the distribution was very limited, and the heat
vapor, lormed where the wet earth came in contact with the pipes, rose through
small cracks and openings in the soil and injured the roots of plants. This
trouble was more apparent with drain tiles as conductors, but in this case

84 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

the steam actually escaped through the joints. Influences of a 1^4 -inch pipe,
laid at a depth of 16 inches, were obserA'able at a distance of eight feet, but
satisfactory results were obtained only for a distance of two feet.

Crops Grown and Results. — The frames were planted principally with let-
tuce and radishes. The lettuce plants were grown in greenhouses and were
good, strong transplanted plants of the varieties known as Grand Rapids and
Iceberg. In the frame with soil heat the crop was cut in exactly six weeks
after setting the plants ; and fifty average bunches, cut as they came from the
bed, weighed fifteen pounds. The same number of bunches from the cool bed
were cut ten days later, and were about five per cent, heavier; but in the
meantime the price of lettuce had dropped one-half and the product was not
sc valuable.

Cost of installation per cubic foot, on basis of one acre.

Tile system, lines of tile three feet apart.

Boiler and shed, 20 H. P fl.03 per s.q. ft. $450.00

Tiles and cement 1. " " 435.00

Steam lines and equipment 5 " " 217.80

Labor 5 " " 217.80

Total $.3.03 $1,321.20

Pipe system, lines of li/t inch pipe three feet apart.

Boiler and shed, 20 H. P $1.03 per sq. ft, $ 450.00

Pipes and valves, 14,520 ft 3.33 " " 1,452.00

Labor 3 " " 136.68

Total .f4.6<) $2,038.68

Application of Soil Heating Under Glass. — The same conditions of soil
temperature and its relation to the temperature of the atmosphere prevail in
greenhouses as have been described for outside soil during the Summer
months; that is, a low temperature as compared to that of the atmosphere.
This is especially true where solid beds without any bottom heat are used.
I do not for a moment advocate "bottom heat" in the common sense of the
term, but lower atmospheric temperature and higher soil temperature. If a
carnation house is carried at an atmospheric temperature of from 48 to 65
degrees, it will be found that during ordinary Winter weather the soil tem-
perature of raised benches with lines of pipes underneath, will be about 55 de-
grees; and with solid beds and no pipes underneath the soil temperature will
be only about 50 degrees. And this will hold good for houses where the atmos-
pheric temperature will average above 60 degrees.

It is a question yet to be solved as to how far forcing by soil heating can
be carried without sacrificing the production of cut blooms to the growth of
foliage. The fact that lettuce and carnations require the same treatment,
and that the warming of the soil is so beneficial to the production of a crop
of lettuce, would indicate that the system may have a broad application to
carnation growing. •

Soil heating would probably not be desirable in shallow raised benches,
as the roots of the plants would be in too close contact with the pipes. Where
raised benches are in use it will be possible to install soil heating by hot

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS, , 85

water circulation; but if steam is used combine sub-irrigation and soil heat-
ing by running a one-half inch steam pipe through the tiles used for conduct-
ing the water. The ideal use of soil heating in the greenhouse will be where
solid beds are used. Through a three and a half foot side bed lay two 1 14 -inch
steam pipes at a distance of 18 or 20 inches below the surface of the soil upon
which the plants are grown. For centre beds place the lines thirty inches
apart and connect the whole soil heating system to the regular greenhouse
boilers, but have it under separate control, so that either the soil heating or
the air heating system can be run independently of each other. By running
the soil heating system during the day one boiler or set of boilers will do the
work for both systems. By having the soil warm during the night very much
less heat will be required to keep the temperature of the air up to the required
point, and it will also be much more even.

Steam Heated Hot-Beds. — After the severe Aveather of the Winter has
passed, and with a large stock on hand for Easter trade, the florist must plan to
provide inexpensive space for the potted stock of Spring bedding plants and
for much that is being prepared for Easter. Ordinary cold frames are inex-
pensive, but heating them to a temperature to which it would be safe to ex-
pose most plants, is quite another matter. During recent years the cost of
manure has so advanced in most localities as to make that method of heating
frames impracticable. Most ranges of glass have an excess of boiler power,
especially during the early months of Spring, and large numbers of frames
can be kept warm by the soil heating method without apparent cost, as heat
that would otherwise be lost can be utilized for this purpose. When the
houses no longer need the heat, in the early part of the day, turn the steam into
the soil pipes of the frames; and the heat so stored will be gradually given
off during the later part of the day and during the following night.

The question of soil warmth has been one of great interest to me during
the past several years, and I predict some interesting developments in this
line during the next few years. I am now satisfied that the results obtained
by the use of the sub-irrigation method of watering are due mostly to the
passage of heat through the tiles, but that the two methods can be very ad-
vantageously combined. In further experiments we expect to apply this sys-
tem to greenhouse and frame work, and to get exact determinations of the cost
of operations per square foot as applied to the grooving of several distinct crops.
We will double the outdoor experiments in the coming year, covering one part
with a screen of muslin which can be removed during the day and put on dur-
ing the night. By this method still further gain in earlier planting may be
obtained. The cost of equipping cold frames by this method will fall below
four cents per square foot of surface heated.

The discussion here closed.

On motion of ilr. C. W. Ward, it was ordered that votes of thanks
be tendered to Prof. Taft for his very able paper, and to Mr. W. R.
Beattie for the information he had presented.

86 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVEXTEENTH CONVENTION

President O'Mara coiive3^ed to the gentlemen named the thanks of
the Society.

AMERICAN GROWN FORCING BULBS.

Mr. Edwii^ Lonsdale, of Philadelphia: The President's address Tuesday
morning contained, among others, a valuable suggestion which, I think, should
receive prompt and special attention by this Society; and I therefore ask to
present a resolution on the subject. I oflTer the following:

Resolved, That our Secretary be empowered to procure samples of Ameri-
can grown forcing bulbs, and have them tested by members of the Society :
each member receiving samples to make a written report of the results ob-
tained, to the Society, at its next annual meeting. And be it further

Resolved, That the Executive Committee be empowered to award a silver
medal to the stock or stocks showing the highest merit according to the re-
ports received, a bronze medal to the second best, and a certificate of merit to
the third best.

Mr. C. W. Ward moved the adoption of the resolutions, and the
motion was seconded by Mr. E. CI. Hill.

The resolutions were adopted forthwith.

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT-ELECT.

President O'Mara, upon recognizing in the audience Mr. John
Burton^ of Philadelphia, formally notified that gentleman of his
election as President, and invited him to come forward.

President-elect Burton accepted the invitation aud was escorted
to the platform by a member of the Executive Committee. He was
enthusiastically greeted and briefly expressed his appreciation of the
honor conferred upon him in his election. He said :

All I have to say to-night is that I sincerely thank you for the trust you
have confided to me. I can only hope that this time next year you will not
have found me wanting. I cannot succeed by myself; 1 must have the assist-
ance of every one of you, not only of those who may go to Asheville but of
those who stay at home. It is not too early for you to begin, as soon as my
term begins, to give me what assistance you can by suggestions and in every
other manner. Without this I cannot pretend to keep the standard of the
Society up to the mark to which it has been raised by tlie O'Maras, the Craigs,
the Mays, the Deans and the others, but I shall do my best and rely upon you
to help me. [Applause.]

■ SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87

Vice-President-elect J. W. C. Deake was next called upon by the
Chair, who named that gentleman's colleague from North Carolina
as an escort.

Mr. Deake came forward and, after a cordial reception, said:

Our President was very happy in the selection of a friend to escort me
because the gentleman he named (Mr. Ernest J. Bush, of Charlotte, N, C, ) is
perhaps the only other North Carolinian here. We wired "him, last night, we
were going to Asheville next year, and he turned up here this morning. How
he got here I don't know. It is all due to the fine North Carolina climate, I
suppose. [Merriment.]

I am not a talker, and a year hence you can determine whether I am a
worker and of any use as a Vice-President, for I will have the whole burden
to carry ; there is not a commercial florist in the town nor one near enough
to help me unless Brother Bush comes up from Charlotte, and that is one
hundred and eighty miles away; but the Board of Trade is going to be the
host.

I thank you for the honor you have done me in selecting Asheville as
your next meeting place, and in electing me your Vice-President. I am going
to do everything I can to build up the Society of American Florists. I have
not made a promise yet, I am not going to make any, but I am going to try
to get a lot of new Southern members. We are going to do all we can for you :
and when you come down there we are going to make you have a good time if
it takes every cent we have. [Merriment and applause.]

FINAL RESOLUTIONS.

Mr. C. W. Ward, from the Committee on Final Eesolutions, re-
ported the following:

Whereas, The citizens of Buffalo, and particularly the Buffalo Florists'
Club, have extended to us a most liearty welcome and have made our stay in
their beautiful city an occasion long to be remembered, now, therefore.

Resolved, That we owe to his Honor, the Mayor, the thanks of the Society
for his hearty welcome, and

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society are especially tendered to Wm.
Scott, the chairman of the Entertainment Committee, and his able assistants,
Wm. F. Kasting and others, who added so greatly to our pleasure during our
sojourn here, and

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society are due to Chas. H. Keitsch,
Superintendent of Trade Exhibition, for the able and efficient manner in which
he conducted the trade exhibit;

Resolved, That we give to F. W. Taylor, Superintendent of Depart-
ment of Horticulture of the Pan-American Exposition, and to Prof. L. R.

88 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Taft and J. K. M. L. Farquhar, our warmest thanks for their able and
interesting lectures and for the many courtesies extended to us by them;

Resolved, That our warmest thanks are hereby tendered the press of
Buffalo for their kindly notices of our proceedings and other reports, and

Finally Resolved. That to the ladies who added so much to our pleasure
while here, and who were so unremitting in their efforts to please, our warmest
gratitude is due, and that upon returning to our homes, we shall long remem-
ber the untiring kindly efforts put forth by the florists of Buffalo and vicinity
to make our stay one of the most pleasant in the annals of this Society.

JnO. F. SULLrV'AN,

C. W. Ward,
Jno. Westcott.

On motion, the resolutions were adopted as read.

FINAL ADJOURNMENT.

Pending a motion by Mr. E. G. Hill for adjournment, President
O'Mara expressed his thanks to the Convention for the unvarying
kindness and courtesy shown him as presiding officer. He added :

If in the excitement of the sessions and the calls that were rapidly made
upon me to settle questions that I had not previously considered, I may have
seemed a little harsh or arbitrary, the fault was of the head but not of the
heart. I certainly never in my life wantonly offended anybody, nor will 1
unless my inind alters by some act of Providence. Therefore, I thank those
who have borne with me under the circumstances and 1 apologize for any un-
intentional offense on my part. It has been one of the pleasures of my life
to preside at this Convention; and i think it has had as good a run for its
money as any I ever attended. [Applause.]

Mr. Hill's motion was carried and the meeting adjourned to con-
vene at the call of the President. On Saturday, the fifth day, after
the close of the bowling contests, a meeting was duly called, and, upon
motion of Alex. Wallace, adjournment was declared until August,
1902.

SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS.

89

THE RED SPIDER.

By F. E. Ckittcnden, Assistant Entomologist, U. «S'. Dciit. Atiiimltiirr, Wash-
ington, D. C.

ONE of the most troublesome of oieenhouse
pests is a minute, red. spider like creature,
popularly known as red spider, and desig-
nated technically as Tetranychiis bimacit-
hitus Harvey. It is not a true insect, nor
even a spider, but, more properly speaking,
a spinning mite. As the word mite indi-
cates, these creatures are extremely mi-
nute, and are frequently not noticed until
they become excessively numerous, as is
apt to happen in neglected greenhouses or
out-of-doors during Sunuuer droughts.
They frequently do considerable damage in
flower and vegetable gardens, but attain
their greatest destructiveness to plants
grown under glass.

The general appearance of the common
greenhouse red spider is well shown at Fig-
ure 1, which represents it highly magni-
fied. The length of a full-grown individual
is only about one-fiftieth of an inch. The
ground Color is reddish, usually more or
less tinged with yellowish or orange, and
most individuals have a dark spot on
each side, due to the food contents of the
body.

The young are somewhat similar to the
adults, ditFering in having only three pairs
of legs; the adults having four. This red
spider, like others of its kind, spins threads,
but does not use them for climbing. The
threads are extremely tine, and frequently
so dense as to form a tissue visible at a
little distance. Webs are usually con-
structed upon the under side of leaves, and within them the mites feed in their
different stages and lay their eggs, from which the young develop. The red
spider is well distributed throughout the Eastern States from Maine to Florida.
Tt is quite likely of foreign origin, but its full distribution has not yet been
studied.

It is inclined to be omniverous, attacking a wide range of plants. The in-
sect is present in most greenhouses, but, as previously stated, is not apt to
gain headway unless the plants are neglected. As the red spiders increase in
number, the leaves of an affected plant turn pale and become stunted, and
eventually the whole plant succumbs, unless remedies are applied. Cuttings
and young rooted plants are especially susceptible to injury, and more par-
ticularly in Spring. These mites injure by suction, slowly reducing the vital-
ity of plants until, in time, their functions are more or less deranged. Amon"
ornamental plants that are much afiected by red spider are violet, rose',
clematis, mignonette, pink, fuchsia, pelargonium, godetia, passiflora, feverfew,
thunbergia, verbena, heliotrope, moonfiower, ealla, smilax, Easter lily; while
of vegetable and other crops bean, sage, tomato, egg-plant, pepper, hop, cu-
cumber, squash, cowpea, beet, and berries of various kinds are also troubled.

Fig. 1. — Tetranychim himaculntua :
adult — enlarged (from Banks,
U. S. Dept. Agriculture^

90 rROCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

The red spider is resistant to fumigation, either with tobacco or hydro-
ivanic-acid gas. It is, however, extremely susceptible to sulphur. Flowers ot
sulphur, mixed with water at the ratio of one ounce to the gallon, and sprayed
over the plants, is of great value in eradicating this pest; or the sulphur may
be combined with a wash, for example, Avith strong soapsuds. J^^or the appli-
cation of this wash a force pump, with a spraying nozzle is a necessity.

Potash, fish-oil, whale-oil and other soap solutions are also valuable, and
the addition of sulphur increases their effectiveness, but these washes are too
strong for some delicate plants, and apt to injure them. For violets and simi-
lar plants, as they occur in greenhouses, no other remedy is used by florists
generally than fre(]uent syringing or spraying with water or with a solution
of neutral soap. Among these Castile and Ivory are valuable, particularly for
use upon cuttings, and good results are obtained at the rate of a five-cent cake
lo six or seven gallons of water. In the preparation of such a wash the soap is
shaved with a plane, dissolved in about a gallon of hot water, and then suf-
ficient cold water added to make the quantity desired. Five gallons are ample
fur the treatment of three or four cuttings of violets, and other plants are in
proportion. It is customary to allow this wash to remain on plants two or
three hours, and then syringe off with clear water, repeating two or three
times until the spiders and their eggs have been destroyed. Thus used, neutral
soaps have little deleterious effect upon most plants.

Tobacco water is of some value, but can not be used on delicate plants.

Spraying with water is usually practiced about two or three times a week
during the growing season, and by a little practice the operator is soon able
to ascertain the degree of force to use. Care should be exercised to wash off
tne spiders and at the same time not drench the beds.

THRIPS IN GREENHOUSES.

By IF. E. Hinds, Expert Assistant, Division of Entomology, U. /b'. Dept. of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Several species of thrips are known to occur very frequently in green-
houses. The species concerning which most has been written is probably
much more abundant in Europe than in this country, though it has been re-
ported to this Division from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Florida. It
is known to science as Hcliothrips haeniorrhoidalis Bouche, and has received
tne common name the Greenhouse Thrips. This species is dark brown in color
and may frequently be found upon palms, ferns, azaleas, rubber and many
other plants, the year round. The full grown insect scarcely exceeds one-twen-
tieth of an inch in length. As its life history resembles in all essential points
that of another species which is probably of much more importance to the
riorist, we will not take up the space to repeat it here, but let that of the
more important species serve for both insects. Other species of the genua
Heliothrips have occasionally been reported in greenhouses from various parts
of the country, but so rarely as to hardly merit our consideration.

During the past few years, growers of carnations and cucumbers espe-
cially, have reported increasing injuries by a minute species of thrips in their
houses. The injury is frequently very severe, sometimes amounting to the
total destruction of the crop. Other plants are more or less injured, but these
two crops especially have suffered. The greater part of the damage to all these
plants seems to have been caused by the same species, and as this is typical
ot all the insects of this group, we shall proceed to consider it more at
lengtli.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

91

Fi<5. 2. — Thrips tabaci: a, adult; b, antenna of
same; c, young larra; d, full grown larva — en-
larged (from Howard, U. S. Dept. Agriculture).

This species, Thrips tahaci
Lind. (Fig. 2), was first de-
scribed in 1888 by a Russian
writer, and noted as doing
immense injury to the to-
bacco crop in that country.
It, therefore, received the
common name Tobacco
Thrips. The little creatures
are also only about one-
twentieth of an inch in
length, and it is, therefore,
impossible to make out any
details of their structure or
coloration without consid-
erable magnification. The
general color of this species varies from a light to a dark brownish-yellow, the
relative proportions of these two colors varying. This same insect was soon
found to be widely distributed in this country, especially serious damage
being reported from INIassacliusetts, Colorado and Florida. Even these
widely separated points but indicate the extent of its distribution. Although
feeding particularly upon tobacco in Kussia, it has not yet cultivated a taste
for the weed in this country, but has confined its attentions principally to
onions. It has, therefore, become commonly known as the Onion Thrips. Other
crops than onions are frequently much injured, cabbages and strawberries ap-
pearing to suffer most. Many flowers also shelter multitudes of these tiny
insects, but their presence and injiiries are hardly noticeable.

Widely distributed as this insect is, and having so large a variety of food
plants, it is not strange that in the course of time it has found its way into
many greenhouses, where a high temperature and an abundance of food are
most favorable to its rapid development. Perhaps the insect first enters the
house for the purpose of passing the winter, as cold weather outside drives it
to some sheltered spot. However, once established, its multiplication is rapid
and it soon becomes a serious pest. Its round of life in the greenhouse, what-
ever the crop attacked, varies but little, and it may be taken as approximately
that of any species of this group living under similar conditions. Beginning
with the adult insect, it may be briefly stated as follows:

The full grown insects (Fig. 2, a) usually select the under sides of the
leaves or the interior of the flowers as their feeding ground. Their mouth parts
are formed for piercing the tissues of the plant and sucking its juices. They
thus cause the drying and withering of the affected parts, and it is at once
evident from their manner of feeding that only contact or gaseous insecticides
can be of any value for their suppression. The females are somewhat larger
than the males and much more abundant. In fact, there is little doubt that
tney can continue to multiply for several generations without the intervention
of the males at all, as is quite commonly done by other species of thrips. The
female is provided with a tiny saw on the under side near the tip of the abdo-
men, and with this she cuts a slit in the tissue of the'leaf or stem, within
which she places an egg, pushing it under the epidermis till completely cov-
ered thereby. Within this moist and well-protected bed the egg passes through
its development in a few days. The young thrips (Fig. 2, c) work their way
up through the slit, and in a very short time after their emergence they begin
to feed. The young are very minute, nearly white in color, and formed much
like the adults. They, too, suck juices from the plant, and as they grow rap-
idly, they are feeding almost continually. In from one to two weeks the larvae
become full grown ( Fig. 2, d ) . They then stop feeding, abandon the leaves,
an-d find some spot where they will be well concealed and protected while they

92 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

undergo the change from the young to the adult form. During this period
ttiey take no food ana do not move unless disturbed. So eflectual is their
concealment that a pupa is rarely seen. When they have emerged from the
pupal stage, the adult insects possess two pairs of very delicately fringed
wings. These females, in turn, deposit the eggs for a succeeding generation.
The whole round of life, from adult to the maturity of its first progeny, as we
have briefly sketched it, does not occupy more than three weeks under favor-
able conditions. As the females continue to feed and deposit eggs for some
time, there ceases to be any line of distinction between different broods; but
observations upon this species, made in the laboratory of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College by the writer, indicate that there may be six or more
generations in a single greenhouse season.

The control of this insect is a difficult problem. They are so small and
so efleetually hidden that it is absolutely impossible to reach them all with a
spray, no matter how thoroughly applied, though large numbers of them can
be destroyed in this way. A series of experiments made by the writer and
detailed in Bulletin No. G7, Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, indicate that the most economical and effective treatment
for thrips is the vaporization of "Nikoteen," a tobacco product manufactured
by the Skabcura Dip Co., of Chicago. In the most successful experiments 20cc
Nikoteen, 750cc of water were vaporized in a space of 5,000 cubic feet, at night,
and the room aired early in the morning. This did not injure the plants
treated (cucumbers) while nearly all of the thrips were killed.

REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR IHOI.

CONNECTICUT.

I have the honor to report that the past year has been extremely satis-
factory to the florist in many respects. The trade in general has been very
good. Christmas business was marked by an increase of twenty-five per cent,
over the previous year. The Easter trade, although burdened by an unusual
amount of wet weather, was fairly satisfactory, developing a good increase
in sales of pot plants, azaleas, hydrangeas, bulb pans and lilies predominating.
The Spring trade, on account of continual wet weather, was very slow in mater-
ializing, bringing most of the plant trade well into June, consequently making
the bedding work not as pleasant as heretofore.

The stocks of bedding plants throughout the State were very good, the
principal shortage being in good scarlet geranivims and coleus. Prices in the
foremost part of the season were low, but gradually increased to their normal
figure toward Decoration Day and the busy part of June. Taking the Spring
season as a whole, there was undoubtedly as much stock sold as in former
years.

Throughout the State several active florists have added to their glass
surface, to the extent of about one hxmdred thousand square feet. Following
are a few of the florists who have increased their plants: John Coombs, of
Hartford, two houses, 1.50x.30: George Osborn, Hartford, one house, 150x15;
Carlson & Drake, Hartford, two violet houses; Arthur Coombs, West Hartford,
one house, 100x20, and A. N. Pierson, Cromwell, four large houses. Other
florists have remodelled tlieir old houses to better advantage.

Many florists throughout the State have decided, after careful deliberation,
to close their city stores Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday nights
during the entire year (with the exception of the holidays) at 6:30 P. M.,
thus giving themselves long-needed shorter working hours.^

Throughout the Nutmeg State there has been an unusual demand for hardy
perennials, including rudbeckia, funkia, hollyhock, iris, etc. Hedging plants,
such as California privet and arbor vitae, have been in constant demand, the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93

former particularly so, as the rich Connecticut citizens are wont to pattern
after their English cousins in the matter of beautifying of their homes.

The large dry goods firms are constantly increasing their lines of sales,
until now they are ottering each Spring all the popular varieties of hardy roses
and other hardy stock at very low prices, thus keeping local florists busy ex-
plaining to customers the quality of stock which is being ottered, compared
with his pot grown roses, vines and other nursery plants he has been all Win-
ter caring for. The '"I'an-American'' and "Buttalo'" were certainly a record
breaker for the Society of American Florists this year.

Stephen D. Horan, t^tate Vice-President.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

The year for this section of our country can truly be said to have been
one of progress all along the line. Our old established places have made im-
provements in fixtures, space convenience, or in some other respect, and report,
generally, an increase of from 15 to 50 per cent, in the amount of business
transacted. The exceptions to this are rare, but, as is to be expected, there
are a few.

Five new stores were opened during the Fall and Winter of 1900 and
1901. Three of these closed their doors before the first of last June; the other
two are doing a fair amount of business. Competition is very strong, but
under its influence the floral business has grown and our public are more ap-
preciative and better patrons of the art than ever before in the history of
Washington. The writer, who has seen some of the best work in the country,
feels justified in stating that from an artistic standpoint the Washington flor-
ists rank among the first.

The growers also have been spreading out and almost without an exception
have erected their proverbial "last house." The Washington florists do not
go into specialties, but, as a rule, grow a large general stock. I believe, how-
ever, that they are coming to the idea of specialty growing. If each man would
find out just what stock in the commercial line his knowledge and experience,
together with the natural condition and surroundings of his greenhouse plant,
he was best fitted for producing, and make a specialty and study of it, I have
no doubt but that the result would be more satisfactory. I would bring this
subject to the attention of our growers, and do strongly recommend that they
give it most serious consideration. I would also recommend that there is a
fine field in Washington for a good palm grower, and feel stire that the store
men would be glad to patronize a place of this kind in preference to going out
of the city. Such a place would also, doubtless, receive patronage from many
of the florists located in smaller cities and towns throughout the South.

It is to be lamented that for eight years we have had no florists' club in
Washington. The causes thereof I wall not dwell upon, but feel convinced
that if the florists would associate together in a clubj where there existed
genuine good fellowship and fraternity, and a sincere interest in the welfare
of our brother, it w^ould not only prosper them more in worldly goods, but
would make our lives the better and happier.

Let us cultivate that cardinal virtue. Charity, which availeth more than
either Faith or Hope, and as we go to our work nurturiftg the most beautiful
of Nature's gifts, feel the truth of that familiar quotation:

' "Find books in running brooks; sermons in stones.

And good in everything."

Z. D. Blackistox, District Vice-President.

My report from the city of Chicago, and the State of Illinois generally, for
the closing year of the nineteenth century among florists, on the whole; is a
favorable one. I think, however, hardly up to the expectations of a year ago
in some lines, with a possible lowering of the returns to growers in a general

94 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

averaging up of the cut sent into the market for the entire year. Prices for
the staples, roses and carnations, throughout the Winter were well maintained,
but of a surety the crop was short, and later, when the cuts became heavy,
ruinous prices prevailed.

Trade on all the ditt'erent holidays was exceptionally good, showing large
crops are easily sold on such occasions, but the question is how to arrange to
get enough for these special demands and not overdo between times. Shipping
trade is still on the increase in this city and very satisfactory, calling for
much first-class stock. It cannot be denied, however, that the fakir on the
street takes a vast proportion of the stock sent in at times, and when this
happens very low prices rule.

In my opinion, how to increase the demand for flowers just now is of
more import for the good of the trade generally than too great increase of new
greenhouses. But as the tendency is to make the large places larger, it is to
be presumed that firms thus engaged know what they are about. The time for
the small establishments, say of 10,000 feet of glass or less, except they have
a retail trade or some specialty to depend on, seems unfavorable. At any
rate, there is less growth among these than the monster places.

As to new buildings, in the past year, my record does not sliow as much as
the preceding one, which is mainly ascribed to the high price of glass ,and, in
some cases, ditticulty in obtaining the right kind of workmen. At least two
big Chicago establishments, in new buildings for the supply of the Chicago
market, are to be credited this year to the State of Indiana. Last year my
report showed something like half a million feet of glass erected for Chicago,
to fifty thousand feet for the rest of Illinois. The figures I have been able
to obtain of this year's increase do not go above 400,000 feet of glass for all
the State, Avith more than one-third of this total to be credited this year to
other than Chicago and its environs.

One of the principal firms engaged in greenhouse construction in Chicago
gives me the following information of material for new greenhouses furnished
by them in the State of Illinois so far this year. This, however, includes re-
building as well as new greenhouses for vegetable growers and florists. Tha
figures are, 129 houses, aggregating a total length of 18,036 feet. The glazing
required 457,652 square feet of glass, of which 436,594 feet was lapped and 21.058
butted. Of these houses, 103 had the ventilating sash hinged at header, open-
ing from the top ; the balance have vent sash opening from bottom. Another
builder said his business had more than doubled, whicli shows a large increase
during the year, after all.

In the wholesale market, the big growers' monopoly of sales of their own
product, as against regular commission houses in the total amount of flowers
sold, is gaining — another proof against progress among what may be called
small growers.

Chrysanthemum flowers are still a great factor three months in the Fall,
but even the lower prices of the year before were hardly maintained the past
year. Fewer high grade flowers, relatively to number of blooms, were mar-
keted than in previous years; and yet it seemed to take but a small increase
of new or strictly fancy stock to at once bring down the price 25 to 50 per
cent, from the first appearance and smaller supply. Quantity grown, rather
than quality and care of a smaller number of flowers, seems to be the winning
card, as those who grow a monstrous number, say 25,000 to 75,000, seem satis-
fied and increase; while those who aim to produce a few thousand, and all
high grade, are the ones to complain of present day conditions and prices ob-
tained. Last year, however, was not a good one for chrysanthemums, and the
flowers exhibited at the Fall show, with a few exceptions, were far inferior to
those of previous years. The number of new chrysanthemums shown before
the Chicago Committee of the Chrysanthemum Society of America was away
below former years : Nathan Smith & Sons, Omega, a yellow reflexed Japanese ;
Mrs. Elmer l5. Smith, also a yellow from the same Arm; of John D. May's

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 9o

(Chestnut Hill) display, the principal ones obtained certificates: Timothv
Jiaton, a white Japanese from JNliller & Son, Bracondale, Ontario, won the
trophy offered by the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul-
turists at the Chicago Flower Show, with some noble flowers.

The peony is now a great factor in the Chicago market in the early Sum
mer months. Partly owing to a careful system of cold storage, a few of the
varieties stand well, even up to July. They first begin to reach us from plan-
tations 300 miles south, and the same family of growers are now preparing
new plantations as far north as Wisconsin. There has been money in peonies
rightly handled, but vast quantities of common stock is poured into the mar-
ket from near and far and often sold at way down prices.

The Chicago Horticultural Society held its usual Fall show in the Audi-
torium building, but 1 am sorry to say competition in exhibits of chrysanthe-
mum plants are on the decline each year. Cut flowers were also away below
previous records; roses and carnations better than the year before; orna-
mental plants, ferns, and special retail florists' exhibits of combined plants
and flowers, very good.

The Chicago Florists' Club held its usual carnation show, with a godcl ex-
hibit of new, well-grown market kinds. No other shows held in the city this
year.

The past Winter was mild and prospects in Spring and early Summer
highly favorable. Heat and drought disastrous later. An immense acreage
of carnations planted in the field, probably 3,000,000, for both Summer flowers
and Winter housing. The heat and drought were responsible for small
growth, in some cases, with destruction of part of the stock in others.

Spring plant trade excellent, but a crying need for a better class of stock,
i'his holds good also for general pot plants, particularly for Christmas and
Jiaster trade. There is surely an opening here in this line of business that
ought to be looked after.

Edgar Sanders, State Vice-President.

INDIANA.

In our State trade started rather slow, owing to the fine, warm weather
last Fall. With plenty of outdoor flowers until nearly December, chrysanthe-
mums sold slower than the previous year, and lots of roses could not be sold
at any price. However, when cooler weather set in, business increased and
flowers were getting more scarce, so that by Christmas prices were away up,
and first-class roses were hardly obtainable. Continuous cloudy weather most
of the Winter kept scarcity and prices up until Spring.

Easter trade was good. Lilies were better than the previous year, being
not so much diseased, and all good blooming plants sold well. Spring opened
rather wet and cold, deferring bedding out until nearly Memorial Day. Cut
flowers were very scarce on Memorial Day, hardly any being obtainable, owing
to the backward season. Bedding plants, from what I can learn, sold out
clean, prices ruling about the same as last year. Reports from the State show
that business has been generally satisfactory. Outdoor flowers have done
poorly this Summer, as it has been very hot and dry. Several new firms have
moved to our State for cut-flower growing. In New Castle alone, 250,000 feet
of glass were added for the growing of roses and carnations, and in other parts
of the State about 100,000 feet more were added.

There will be a flower show again in Indianapolis this Fall, which prom-
ises to be the best yet held.

The following carnations and chrysanthemums were raised and intro-
duced in our State: By Fred. Dorner & Sons Co., Lafayette, Carnations
Lorna and Mermaid; by Mrs. E. T. Grave, Richmond, Carnation Dorothy; by
Anders Rasmussen, New Albany, Carnation Hoosier Maid; by H. W. Reiman
and John Hartje, Indianapolis, Chrysanthemums Mary Hill and Golden
Beauty, introduced by E. G. Hill Co.

96 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

The florists of the State look forward with great interest to the Carnation
Society's meeting, which will be held in Indianapolis next February, and ex-
tend to all interested in the meeting a hearty welcome.

H. W. RiEMAN, 8tate Vice-President.

I am pleased to submit the following report for the State of Iowa: The
florists' conditions in general throughout the State have been excellent for the
past year, and are now in a healthy condition.

The cut flower trade has been good ; potted plants fair. Holiday trade in
general has been excellent, especially that of i^aster. Many growers report
an increase of 25 per cent, in prices and business over that of last year.

A number of new houses have been erected at various points in the State,
though many growers are holding back on account of the very high price of
glass at this time.

The absence of rainfall for the past two months, with a temperature rang-
ing as high as 115 degrees, accompanied by a burning wind, have made it ex-
tremely trying on all plant life. Field carnations have fared badly. These
conditions have been favorable for the red spider on out-of-door plants, and we
have them by the teeming millions.

The past Winter was comparatively mild, and decorative shrubbery of all
kinds came through in good condition.

The State Fair contained a fair representation of florists' exhibits. Plans
are under consideration which, if carried out, will add materially to the land-
scape features of the State Fair grounds.

The city of Des Moines has adopted plans for the improving of its river
frontage, and the use of this area for a city park.

The annual session of the State Horticultural Society has been the only
meeting of horticultural interest held within the past year, but florists are
not represented as they should be in this organization.

1 close with hearty congratulations for the securing of our National Charter,
the thrifty condition of our Society, and the commercial interests which it rep-
resents. A. T. Erwin, State Vice-President.

KENTUCKY.

As Vice-President for Kentucky, I herewith submit to you a brief report
of the condition of floriculture as found by me from various reports received
from different sections of the State.

Business during the past year has shown a steady improvement over pre-
vious years. The demand for our products has been greater than for several
years, while the prices received have been very satisfactory. Chrysanthemums
held their own as a Fall flower, but noticeable was the falling ofl' in the de-
mand for extra large blossoms and the increased demand for the medium-sized
blooms of good color. Carnations, if possible, are increasing in popularity,
the main call being for flowers of a clear, decided color, and not for the fancies.
The old standbys among roses have not lost any of their popularity, and among
the newer varieties the Golden Gate has indorsed the previous good opinion;
while the Liberty, which was not grown to large extent, made a favorable im-
pression. The sale of bedding plants this past Spring was very satisfactory,
but they have not done so well since planting as they should have done. This
fact, I believe, was caused by the unusual weather we had to contend with.
Our Spring was imilsually late, the cold rainy weather lasting until well into
June, when it suddenly turned very warm, and from June 22 to July 31, with
the exception of four days, the temperature registered 90 or better, ten or
twelve of the days going above 100. We had only one very light fall of rain
with this warm weather.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAiSr FLORISTS. 97

i am pleased to report that the members of the trade in our State are
taking a greater interest in the work of the Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists, and that this convention is better represented by
Kentuckians than any previous one.

1 am sorry after all the good things I have said for our State, to be
compelled to say that the members of the craft do not take the interest in our
State Society that it merits. There are some members* who deserve great
credit for their constancy in looking after the welfare of the State Society,
while others, though apparently progressive business men, claim they cannot
see the good received from attending the meetings. Would that they could be
induced to attend one meeting of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists and learn the value of an exchange of ideas. Owing
to this lack of interest the Kentucky Florists' Society did not hold its annual
chrysanthemum show or its Spring flower show, and 1 believe this is one step
backwards that our florists have taken. While the shows were never self-
sustaining, they had created an interest among the public which now will have
to be worked up again.

The prosperity spoken of in this report does not show Itself so much in
the new glass put up as in the condition of all establishments.

August K. Baumer, State Vice-President.

1 beg leave to submit the following report of the condition of our trade in
Maine for the past year. This has been, on the whole, a very successful year
for our florists, the majority of whom have made a very gratifying increase in
their sales, some reporting from 25 to 33 per cent, advance on the previous
year. The holiday and Memorial trade was very satisfactory, and prices
have generally ruled higher. Bedding plants and seedlings sold unusually
well, many houses cleaning out practically their whole stock.

A number of florists have been enlarging their plants, or building over
their houses to meet the increasing demands of their business, while some de-
pend quite largely upon the wholesale houses in Boston for their supply of
cut flowers. Indeed, all have to patronize the wholesalers in times of emerg-
ency.

The Spring season was rather late for outdoor planting, but the stock
generally is looking well. Our short seasons make it necessary to get the
plants into the field as early as may be to get the best results.

Two or three things are needed to advance the interests of the trade in our
section. One is the growing of more and better flowers than at present. With
present range of prices we cannot afiord to buy our stock, and we cannot ad-
vance our prices without a real advance in the size and quality of our home
products. Another thing needed is a closer relation of our florists to one an-
other, and a closer afliliation with the general society. In these times of
combination we cannot afford to stand off from one another. But very few
Maine florists are members of this body. He who will not use every oppor-
tunity to gain new ideas and to improve his methods must fall behind in the
race. Another improvement would be a greater unifofmity of prices and a
general effort to raise our prices in prosperous times to a standard of equality
with the advance in all other lines of merchandise. He who persists in cut-
ting prices not only injures his neighbor but injures himself in the long run.
Let cooperation and progress be our watchword.

H. R. Mitchell, State Vice-President.

MABYLAND.

Trade generally for the past year has been good. Fair prices have been
realized, and more than the usual amount of material disposed of, especially

98 I'KOCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

at Easter, both the quantity and quality of flowers and plants being superior,
showing that our gardeners and florists are fully awake to the needs and ne-
cessities of the times, and that if they want to get the money out of their
products it is quality that will do it and not quantity."

Very little building is going on with the majority, owing to the increased
cost of material, especially glass. Some few have built, and several new estab-
lishments have started. Should cost of material decline and trade continue
good, no doubt a large quantity of bviilding would soon be done, but at present
prices it is practically impossible for a man of moderate means to build an
establishment of any size for commercial purposes.

Being a member of the Gardeners' Club, and nine-tenths of the florists
of the State being members of that club, my report necessarily covers the do-
ings of said club.

November 8, a dahlia show was held in the club room, tree to the public, at
which were exhibited a grand collection, the largest and finest being from R.
Vincent, Jr., & Son. H. A. Dreer exhibited some nice water lilies ; John Cook,
fine Mrs. Garrett and Baltimore roses; F. Bauer and H. Fisher, Maman Cochet
roses and dahlias. Halliday Bros, decorated the hall with beautiful palms,
altogether making an attractive exhibit.

October 22, Mr. A. M. Herr, Secretary American Carnation Society, was
present and gave us an address. The club provided a smoker and entertain-
ment in honor of our guest.

November 12, a chrysanthemum show was held in the club room, free to
the public, at which were exhibited the finest chrysanthemums ever shown in
Baltimore. There were also fine displays of roses, carnations, violets, orchids
and palms. At least 4,000 persons visited the hall.

November 26, Prof. W. G. Johnson, State Entomologist, was present and
extended an invitation from the Executive Board to the club to affiliate with
the Maryland State Horticultural Society. The club accepted the invitation,
thereby becoming members, as a body, of that organization.

January 14, Prof. Townsend, of the State Horticultural Society, gave a
stereopticon lecture on plant life.

January 28, Mr. R. Vincent, Jr., gave a talk on his recent visit to brother
florists of the North.

May 13, Mr. C. L. Seybold, superintendent of Patterson Park, read an
essay on pruning.

Quite a nvuuber of new members have joined our ranks during the past
year; there are now on roll about 150. The treasurer's report recently showed
that the club was in good financial condition.

The club sent out invitations to society ladies to become associate mem-
bers, the object being to raise a fund for exhibition purposes. There has been
a good response to same — about eighty-five — thereby insuring the possibility
of three exhibitions — dahlias, chrysanthemums and carnations, for which we
prophesy success.

The meeting of the National Carnation Society, which was held under the
auspices of the Gardeners' Club, as most of you gentlemen are aware, was, we
believe, a success, and the good it has done to the florists of this city and State
is, possibly, beyond comprehension.

As to our part as hosts, modesty compels us to say nothing. We only hope
that such of you as did visit us on that occasion may return again some day
on a similar mission, and that me may have the pleasure of welcoming you to
"Maryland, My Maryland."

Richard Vincent, Jr., State Vice-President.

MASSACHUSETTS, EAST.

Again it is my privilege to report satisfactory conditions of the florist
business, generally speaking, with a steady, but noticeable increase in the de-
mand for the choice product of the commercial florist, roses in particular.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 99

The supply was somewhat irregular the past Winter, as everybody being in
crop at one time all went out together. It is claimed by some of the observant
growers that grafted stock is more of a cropper than plants on own roots. 1
agree with them, particularly as to two and three-year-old plants.

In January and February Beauties were scarce, not only in this market,
but other large rose centers. This market was short in variety, not a good
box of yellows all Winter. Bon Silene could be had in limited quantities,
grown fairly good. If friends of this rose will graft them and give them the
attention, as you do the Beauties, 1 think they will have no cause for regret.

Beauties, Brides and Bridesmaids were excellent the whole season. Lib-
erty was a disappointment to many, as it positively refused to grow from
Christmas to April, under the most favorable conditions and surroundings.
It has some friends in Massachusetts who will try it again, and I trust with
success, it being too good a rose to discard after one trial. Those who have
handled the blooms of the Queen of Edgely claim it is all right; as the season
advanced the demand increased.

Carnations the past year were extra fine and held an important place in
the floral market. Many novelties were to be seen, from time to time, but the
Mrs. Thomas W. Lawson, week in and month out, was supreme in her class.

Wholesale houses report increase in all lines of flowers. Prices for the
season fair to good; collections normal; failures few. The Boston Flower
Growers' Co-operative Association report an increase in the aggregate sales
and will soon need a larger building to meet the demands of the ever-increas-
ing number of growers. Retailers report a fair business on the whole, as the
season held out longer than usual.

Bedding plants sold out clean, and some kinds ran out early in the sea-
son, notably scarlet geraniums; prices remunerative. First-class palms and
other standard decorative plants were in demand in their season and wound
up with the June weddings. Large plants of hydrangeas were in demand
from July 1 to date, for lawn and terrace decoration. It is a grower's mis-
take to have them in bloom before August I. Auction-room sales had their
ups and downs; the aggregate was large. Returns fair, so I am informed.
Greenhouse construction, as far as reported, has been 95 houses, 18 conserva-
tories, seven ranges of glass, from three to seven houses each. I cannot give a
correct estimate of number of feet of glass, the buildings vary so much in
length, but consider the area large with material and labor so high.

The most noticeable event of the year was the opening of the new Horti-
cultural Building, a magnificent structure costing more than half a million
of dollars. Details and full descriptions have appeared from time to time in
the American Florist and other trade journals.

The Gardeners and Florists' Club, of Boston, with revised by-laws and new
officers, is now in working order, and in due season will take up some of the
knotty and perplexing questions which ever stand face to face with the live
and energetic florist, be he grower, middleman or storekeeper.

The Horticultural Club, of Boston, held its regular meetings from Sep-
tember to May, and was favored by the presence of some of the bright lights
from other States. When anything of importance concerning the craft came
up it was diagnosed and discussed to the satisfaction sometimes of some and
sometimes of all.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has added many names to its
long list of members the past year, and, with its new home and appointments,
starts out anew with bright prospects and many things in its favor, to
continue its usefulness and to exert its influence in a wider field of that grand
and noble work it has been engaged in so many years with such signal success.

The Arnold Arboretum continues to receive and exchange plants, trees,
seeds and shrubs from all quarters of the world. To this institution too much
credit cannot be given, for here can be found a collection, correctly named,
of everything that is hardy on this continent, and many suitable for any place
out-of-doors, no matter where. The evergreens, which sufl'ered severely last

100 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

\Vinter, recruited beyond expectations with the favorable weather and plenty
of rain in April and May.

Large quantities of shrubbery and herbaceous plants have been planted
in the vicinity of Boston on the banks and slopes of the B. & A. R. R., where
it was depressed to do away with tne grade crossings, making a park entrance,
as it were, into the city. It is well worth consideration, if not imitation, by
any corporation entering a city or otherwise through an open or depressed
railroad bed.

The Boston Department of Parks has done a great deal of planting the
past year, this being a favorable spring for the work. Since my last report
extensive additions have been made to this magnificent chain of parks, which
is now about twenty-five miles in length.

The IMetropolitan Park Commissioners have also added to their holdings
during the year. Now they have about 12,000 acres under control. The new
speedway was opened in May on the banks of the winding Charles River.
Prom the cottage garden to the great park, the old Bay State is hard at work
for the advancement of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture and the culti-
vation of the beautiful.

F. R. Mathison, 8tate Vice-President.

MASSACHUSETTS, WEST.

I have the honor to report that the horticultural trade conditions during
the past year in western part of Massachusetts, or Berkshire County, have
been good. Cut flowers have sold well, but the demand for bedding plants
shows some decrease since previous year. However, floriculture is progressing
in this as well as in other parts of the country, which is proved by the fact
that several new florists' establishments were opened during the last ten years.
A good sign that the florist business, even up here in Berkshire, gives its fol-
lowers a good living is that several of our florists are re-building their green-
house plants and somewhat enlarging them.

Roses and carnations of the common varieties are here, as elsewhere, the
principal winter flowers grown. Rose Liberty has, generally, not proved
satisfactory, although I have seen some very fine flowers of this variety grown
in Lenox. Carnations mostly grown are: White Cloud, Lizzie McGowan,
Flora Hill, Crane, Maceo, Gomez, Scott, Marquis and Mrs. Bradt. Marquis
is an excellent late variety. Ethel Crocker is a fine flower, but it comes in
bloom too late, and it is very much inclined to burst the calyx. Olympia is
also a very fine bloom, but the stem is too weak, and it is a rather shy
bloomer. Lawson is not gi-own very much here as yet.

Amongst the Berkshire Hills, in Lenox "The Beautiful," are situated, as
everybody knows, several of the largest and finest private summer residences
in the country, many of which have extensive gardens and greenhouse estab-
lishments. The Berkshires are growing in popularity as a summer resort,
and the summer guests and tourists are increasing in number year after year,
and new handsome private estates spring up in short intervals. We find here
some of the best laid out and equipped private gardens in the country, some
with greenhouse plants covering a surface of about 25,000 square feet. In
Berkshire County there have, during the last ten years, been erected on private
estates nearly 100,000 square feet of glass. These places are devoted to grow-
ing all kinds of greenhouse plants and cut flowers. Forcing of vegetables and
fruit growing under glass are becoming more and more popular. The first
house especially devoted to the growing of tender water lilies was erected
last winter.

In the earlier part of the year 1894 the Lenox Horticultural Society was
organized, and it has done a good aeal in keeping awake the interest in horti-
culture. E. LxJXDBERG, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 101

MICHIGAN.

The past year foi" Michigan florists has been a ;>ood one, and on all sides
we hear congratulations upon the good conditions existing in the trade. There
has been a market for everything we have had to sell. The old year closed and
the new one opened with a demand seldom equalled.

Easter came along and eveiything in the shape of a flower was snapped
up, most growers' stocks being engaged weeks in advance. Spring stock went
oil' well, though at one time it was thought there would be large lots of plants
left over, but they closed out in good shape. One of our Detroit growers com-
plained at one time that he was going to be stuck with 67 cents worth of
geraniums, but he finally said he had sold out and wished that he had grown
more. Possibly there has not been as much new building donejn Michigan the
past year as in some former years, but there have been some good additions,
say about 100,000 feet in all, the little town of Mt. Clemens alone adding
over 50,000 square feet. There is a general overhauling and re-building going
on; every man can see a chance to strengthen and repair.

We are up against the aster blight, much worse this season than usual;
the complaint is very general, and the opinion seems to be that we will have
to stop growing asters outdoors.

The Detroit Florists' Club is going to try and inaugurate an annual fall
flower show, beginning Avith this coming fall. All hope that the coming year
may be as prosperous as the past, and that the Buftalo Florists' Club nuiy be
amply repaid for their work and care in connection with this Convention.

F. H. Beard, State Vice-President.

MISSOURI.

The past year has been one of the most profitable years for florists (grow-
ers and retailers alike ) . Prices for roses and carnations were above the aver-
age and sales reported better all along, with but few exceptions.

There is a growing tendency for blooming plants for both Christmas and
Easter, with fairly good supply, plants being preferable to very high-priced
flowers to most flower buyers.

Carnations are grown here quite extensively; there has been a very large
increase in glass, mostly for carnations; in roses our supply falls very short.
and most of them have to be shipped here from other States.

During the laying out of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition grounds
there will be an immense quantity of hardy roses, shrubs and various plants
needed to be planted this and next year.

I hope to see all the florists here in 1903 to visit the great or greatest of
expositions. Fred C. Weber, State Vice-President.

NEBRASKA.

As vice-president of your Society for the State of Nebraska, I take pleas-
ure in submitting the following report:

Judging from the reports all over the State, the past year has been one
of the most successful business years for the past decade,. The result of this
has been that flowers command a more uniform price than ever before, and all
the florists have felt encouraged to build and rebuild and make many improve-
ments. The weather, too, during the past year, has been very favorable for
outdoor culture, plenty of rain falling during the growing months, and no
hail to speak of that did any damage.

The Bermuda Harrisii lily has been another failure for Easter, as fully
40 to 60 per cent, were diseased, whereas the Longiflorum (Japan) were not
diseased at all, and are undoubtedly to-day the most profitable lily a florist
can cultivate.

The annual State Horticultural Show, held last year at Lincoln, was very
creditable to the florists, and a fine display was made, both in cut flowers and

103 PKOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

plants. These shows, held annually, stimulate more and more a competition
among a great number of the Horists, and a good-natured rivalry exists among
them all as to who can make the most attractive display.

The Nebraska Florists' Society, which meets once a month in Omaha, has
done good work the past year. • A good many valuable papers have been read
by its members on the cultivation of plants and cut flowers. It is gratifying
to be able to record that its membership is constantly on the increase.

During the early Spring a Japanese concern opened a store here in Omaha
for about ten days, and thousands of Oriental plant curiosities were disposed
of without trouble at good, stiff prices. The moral of this seems to be that the
people are always looking for something new and rare. The florists would
do well to prepare ihemeselves with novelties.

J. J. Hess, State Vice-President.

NEW JERSEY.

The past year would appear to have been one of general progress in New
Jersey, and the aggregate result of a successful season among the growers
is now manifest in the number who are adding to their establishments, it
IS a difficult matter to get reliable figures for a whole State ; but I have it
on the authority of one well qualified to speak, being engaged in that branch
01 the business, that there is more building going on at the present time than
ever before, and more especially in the erection of private ranges of glass
upon the many fine coimtry homes that have been and still are being built up
m this State.

This growth and development of country houses with parks, gardens and
greenhouses, more or less extensive, is a happy augury of a prosperous future
lor horticulture. It is something that our society should foster and assist
in every possible way.

Here, in northern New Jersey, one of the most beautiful residential sec-
tions of the Eastern States, private estates predominate, and each year their
number increases. It behooves us as a society to note this fact, for the own-
ers of these places are substantial jiatrons of horticulture, and it should be
within the province of our work to do something for ornamental horticulture.

For example: The past Winter, by reason of peculiar conditions long
prevailing, was singularly disastrous in its effects upon vegetation, more es-
pecially evergreens. Some proved immune, while others of generally ac-
cepted hardiness failed to withstand the ordeal. In svich a case as this, could
not our national society render great service to horticulture in high. places by
collating and tabulating a series of reports that would serve as a guide to fu-
ture planting?

A. Heerington, State Vice-President.

NEW YOEKj EAST.

It is a difficult task for a Vice-President to be brief and yet make an accur-
ate report for Eastern New lork. There are so many small cities in the
territory, and each one has a different way of doing business, according to its
trade, one section may be busy, and just across some small river trade might
be at a standstill.

It IS with pleasure, however, that I report that business on the average
was very good; there is a feeling in all lines that we have passed a prosper-
ous year. The outlook stems bright, and we anticipate a good season.

ihe Christmas tjade was chiefly composed of plants, among good-selling
kinds being Begonia Gloire de Lorraine and the Christma* Pepper, Capsicum

Annuum. , ^. ,, , , t^ x- -i-v ^

Trade at Thanksgiving, Washington's Birthday and Decoration Day has
been very satisfactory, in some respects exceeding that of what are generally
considered the leading holidays.

SOCIETY OF AMEUICAX FLORISTS. 103

iliaster trade throughout the State was good; in most cases 23 per cent,
better than last year, in Manhattan Borough some did well, sold all their
plants and did a fair eut-tiower business; while in Brooklyn the majority of
the retailers had most of their plants left, and did hardly any cut-ttower
trade. But for the very unpropitious weather, last J^aster would have been
the best on record in Greater JNew York; all the plantsmen had sold out,
cut llower prices were soaring high, then the drizzle came, followed by the
Hop, and what was to be a golden egg turned out to be a bad one. Violets
and tulips suffered most, more of these being left on hand than came in on
certain days.

It is iiow a decided fact that the principal trade at the holidays is com-
posed of plants. I remember past Easters when lilies were a drug, but that
time is past, and I do not believe that we will ever exceed the demand. I
have seen recently lilies to equal any that were on the markets last Winter,
and they were sold at $1 to $3 per hundred.

During the last six months greenhouse construction has been 25 per
cent, better than during the same period last year; this has been mostly pri-
vate work, with a decrease in commercial ranges. There is no likelihood of a
diminution in the price of building material, except when all the glass fac-
tories start up again in the Fall there may be a possible reduction in glass,
but that IS far distant, as the glass tinions are stronger than ever.

Among the plantsmen all bedding and Summer flowering plants were
in brisk demand, especially roses and geraniums.

The ctit-llower business has varied. Ihe Fall was poor, but since the
first of .January, and up to the present, it has been very satisfactory. One
noticeable point was that there have been no great drugs for any length of
time. The rose drug was passed over very nicely; while roses ruled low
for a time they were always salable — other years at times they could not
be moved at $1 per thousand. The carnations, also, during their glut, were
sold at fair figures.

The chrysanthemum, in my opinion, for the present has seen its day. It
is hard to realize any fair price for them, as there are too many flowers on
the market at the time they appear, although some growers send to the New
York market flowers that are ideal and realize just as good prices as they
ever did.

The violet crop was a hea^y one; on an average the prices were about
the same as in former years. Great quantities were disposed of this year,
but the public is critical. They mtist be long stemmed, large flowered and
sweet scented. Flowers of this standard will always hold their own. I do
not know of many new establishments going up this season, owing to the
high prices of building material.

Among tlie rose growers stock looks well : there are no heavy plantings
in new varieties except Liberty, with some growers.

The carnation cutting busmess this season was larger than that of any
previous year. Most of the growers sold out completely. In the field the
early plantings looK all right, but the later ones are much smaller than those
of last year. This is owing to the extreme hot weather. The output from
Long Island of carnation fiowers ranges about 5,000,000 blooms annually

The auction salesrooms have been very largely patronized this year, and
more stock has been disposed of than formerly and at better prices ; the sales,
too, have extended later into the year than usual, owing to the lateness of the
season. Hardy roses, flowering shrubs, geraniums, coleus, also box and bays
sold well. The sales of conifers were also very satisfactory.

The New York committee of the Chrysanthemum Society of America met
at its usual stated periods and awarded certificates to the following varieties:
Mrs. W. B. Chamberlain, Brutus, Macolm, Lamont and Golden Fame.

The American Rose Society held its second annual show in March at
the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The exhibition was a grand success; the roses
and carnations exhibited were the best products of American culture. The

104 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

men who devoted their time and labor to this exhibition deserve a great deal
of credit. One thing I do not approve of is the charge of $5 admission.
Make the prices popular, so as to reach the masses. Our neighboring cities
and towns have held their usual tlower shows, interest in wnich has been
maintained.

The Horticultural Society of New York, in conjunction with the New
York Botanical Garden, held a very successful exhibition in Bronx Park.
At this show a prize of $50 for "the best horticultural novelty," was awarded
to A. Herrington,- for an exhibit of Gerbera Jamesonii.

Among the new books issued during the past year by publishers in this
city may be mentioned the third volume of Bailey's Encyclopedia of Horti
culture; Cabbage, Caulillower and Allied Vegetables, by C. L. Allen.

Obituary. — It is a matter for gratification that the hand of Death has
been laid less heavily on the members of the craft in this section than in some
former years; still, it is my painful duty to record the passing away of Dr.
John A. Myers, of New York City, a skilled and learned chemist, who by his
labors and writings did much to aavance the interests of agricultural science.
An old and respected member of the craft has forever left us in the person of
Peter J. Hiltman, Superintendent of Salem Field Cemetery.

The New York Florists' Club has passed through a very pleasant Win-
ter, has had several exhibitions and a number of creditable essays on roses,
carnations, &c., also a few illustrated lectures. One of the principal features
we are working hard at is the Chrysanthemum Show, to be hold next Fall
at Madison Square Garden. An exhibition, unique in many respects, will
be presented, and very liberal premiums are oflered. This show will De well
worthy of a visit by every one interested in the Queen of Autumn and other
seasonable specialties.

A. H. Langjahr, State Vice-President.

NEW YORK, WEST.

By virtue of the office of Vice-President for western New Y'ork, i have
the honor to make the following report:

If, in the past, it has been a function of significance and moment for a
Vice-President of this great commonwealth to stand before this body of men
and women; where brawn is respected and brain honored, to tell of the hap-
penings and doings in his territory during the year just passed, I deem it a
great distinction to have been chosen to perform this honorable duty, not only
at the change of one year to another, but also at a time when we look back
into one century with pride over what has been accomplished, and into a
new one with fond hopes and pleasant anticipations of what this new genera-
tion will do for horticulture. Ladies and gentlemen, it is not my purpose
to recount the many interesting things with which the horticultural history
of the century just closed abounds — with that you are all sufficiently con-
versant— but permit me rather to tell you something of the present, of v/hich,
I am happy to say, there are some things worth recording.

Pan-American Exposition. — Although men of mark and great qualitiea-
tions have written on this subject, I feel that at least the horticultural feat-
ure of this masterpiece of the head and hands of man should also find rec-
ognition in the records of the Society of American Florists. Although the
many beautiful displays and exhibits in the horticultural department of the
Pan American Exposition are not from the smaller confines of western New
York alone, but rather from the whole western hemisphere, it is with especial
pride that I can say it was by the untiring efforts, and the sagacious and busi-
ness like manner of one man, that so large and complete a collection of horti-
cultural products was first brought together; and then, under his fostering
care and with the almost supreme intelligence of this gentleman who is a
purely western JNew Yorker, that these exhibits reached a state of perfection
which never at any otner similar enterprise has been surpassed. Perhaps no

SOCIETY OF AMEKICAX FEOIilSTS. 105

other feature of this great Fair lias been more wondered at, or given such uni-
versal pleasure and satistaction to the holder, as just these horticultural dis-
plays and exhibits. For all this, not only the Exposition Company, but the
whole public at large owes a great debt of gratitude to this man, who has
given his whole time and attention, sacrificing even much of his business for
the benefit of others. This man is none other than our honored and well
known fellow member, Mr. Wm. iScott.

I herewith submit a condensed list of the principal features of the de-
partment of horticulture to date : A wonderful display of tulips and hyacinths
by F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown; H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia; James Vick's
Sons, Rochester; Orange Clark Sons and C. D. Zimmerman, of this city;
Henry Michell, Philadelphia. This Avas followed by fourteen beds of roses ;
five by Ellwanger & Barry, that were really wonderful; eight by >ielson
Eogue, of Batavia, equally as good. There has been for the past two weeks
a bed of Crimson Ramblers which bore 300,000 flowers; it was a great sight.

Features now of special interest are : The lily pools bordering the East
and West Mirror Lakes and the Liagoons — they consist of twenty varieties
of nympheas, and the flowers will be at their best during the Convention ; a
bed of scarlet ever-blooming rose. Admiral Schley, by John CJook, of Balti-
more, is very fine; beds of Clothilde Soupert, by J. C. Vaughan and John N.
May; hybrid perpetual roses, by Jackson & Perkins, and a pink Rambler, by
the same firm; a bed of Burbank roses, by W. Atlee Burpee; a bed of White
and Pink Cochet, by Dingee & Conard Co. ; a great collection of herbaceous
plants, by Henry A. Dreer, and several beds of grasses, by the same firm,
are looking fine; a wonderful collection of evergreens by Bobbink & Atkins;
a smaller one, by Thomas Meehan, and several beds of cannas, by Conard &
Jones; three beds of geraniums, by Henry Eichholz, of Waynesboro, Pa., are
very brilliant; 4,000 cannas in many varieties, by F. R. Pierson; a dozen
beds of cannas, by J. C. Vaughan; six beds of cannas, by H. A. Dreer; two
beds of cannas and three of geraniums, by Chas. W. Ward; beds of cannas
and geraniums and a large collection of Summer climbers and other plants,
by Peter Henderson & Co., covering an acre just south of the Horticulture
building : fine bed of hybrid delphiniums, by Mathew D. Mann, of Buffalo ;
Clucas & Boddington, eight beds of Spanish iris, which attracted great at-
tention. The display of pansies was quite extensive, and consisted of ex-
hibits from J. \j. Vaughan, Chicago; Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia; Denys
Zirngiebel, Needham, Mass. ; C. Eisle, Philadelphia, and Wm. Scott, Bufl'alo,
There are many more exhibits on the grounds, as every visitor can see, and
they are all noticed in the official catalogue.

In the building we will invite the visitor to notice the Chadborn Auto-
matic Ventilating Apparatus, which is applied to the ventilating of the North
Conservatory, also their heat regulator. The South Conservatory is venti-
lated by the Ormsby Company.

The principal exhibitors in the conservatories are: F. R. Pierson Co., a
fine collection of palms and splendid baskets of ferns, tuberous rooted be-
gonias and gloxinias ; Joseph Heacock, Wyncote, Pa., small collection of
palms ; Henry A. Dreer, large collection of palms, dracsenas, pandanuses,
also large collection of fancy caladiums. This latter firm also has a booth
with a fine display of seeds and garden implements. James Vick's Sons
have a very ornamental booth, in which they keep a fine display of cut flow-
ers and plants. The Geo. Wittbold Co., of Chicago, a collection of their
new fern, Nephrolepis Wittboldii; Isaac Hicks, an illustration of his tree-
moving apparatus; Robert Gilmore, of Baltimore, a collection of plants;
South Park Conservatories of Buffalo, a fine collection palms, dracsenas
and other ornamental plants; the Orlando Pineapple Association of Florida,
a plantation of pineapples in flower and fruit; Peter Henderson & Co. have
some splendid ferns and a fine collection of fancy caladiums; the Connecti-
cut Horticultural Association, a large exhibit of their native flora ; W. C.
Krick, of Brooklyn, specimens of his specialties, immortelle designs, etc.:

106 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

the American Ginseng Co., Rose Hill, N. Y., a collection of ginseng plants in
Hower and fruit.

But this is by far not all; to continue longer would consume too much
valuable time, and be unfair to this Convention. Every visitor will soon
see that this report is only partial, and much more is to be seen.

Trade Conditions. — These, if taken as a whole for the year passed, siiould
be summed up as very good. Taking the different features of trade one by
one, beginning with the Fall trade of 1900, reports from the various sections
of western New York show conditions about as follows: Last Fall a great
deal more stuff was housed than ever betore, stock in general being in good
condition, especially carnations. After the aster glut has subsided, prices
soon righted themselves, and held lirm even through the chrysanthemum sea-
son. The output of chrysanthemums seemed somewhat less than i!i pre-
vious years, and especially the better quality blooms found ready buyers.
After chrysanthemums had passed, the flower market took on a very healthy
look. Prices were satisfactory to the grower through the entire seasoii, es-
pecially for roses and carnations.

Christmas business netted good returns in all departiaents, especially
plants, for which there seems a greater demand each year over the previous
one, and right here is where the ingenious grower has very bright proopects.
The only trouble that western New York, and especially Buff'aJo florists ex-
perienced at Christmas, was an overdose of holly; perhaps this was aggra-
vated by the scarcity of other greens, which had the effect of bringing too
much of the above commodity in our market.

Business at Easter was excellent. Although lilies were scarce and
brought fancy prices, people did not have to go without plants; there was
plenty of other stuff and in good variety, and as variety was the rule, the
rule went. Everybody sold out well.

With great prospects ahead, nearly every one prepared for a great Spring
sale, and few were disappointed. Although one hears complaint of unsatis-
factory prices for bedding stuff' in some localities, the rubbish heap was not
so much of a consignee this year as it has been before.

The Weather. — i do not mention this because I have nothing better to
talk about, but because it is, and, more so, was, an important factor to the
western New iorker this year. The early Fall was, as is usual with us,
good; later on, plenty ot moisture and snow, and then a severe Winter,
mostly cloudy and good for the coal man from his point of view. About
Easter time it was tine here, but raw in some sections. Spring was wretched
cold, wet and dreary; many a day it looked as if myriads of strings hung
from the sky, and these were wet and clammy. Then followed a season of
warm and dry weather.

Expansion. — The florist always was, and perhaps will ever be. an ex-
pansionist. It seems he is never happier than when he can build. The west-
ern New York florist is no exception. Although prices for building mater-
ial, and especially glass, were exceptionally high, the greenhouse builder was
very busy. In this respect the Lakeview Eose Gardens showed especial en-
terprise, having added twelve houses aggregating about 100,000 square feet
of glass. No definite data being obtainable, it is nevertheless a good guess
to say, that west of the Hudson glass has increased at least 20 per cent.

New Firms. — But while the glass area has increased, new firms were not
exactly the rule; only a few new faces and names are noticeable in this part
of the State, and mostly where places have changed hands. But while not
BO many new names appear on the business directory, the roster of the So-
ciety of American Flprists is all the more the gainer ; so far about fourteen
from this part of New York State have become new members of this Society.

New Plants and Devices. — In this department, Avestern New York shows
its usual modesty and good sense. Nothing is sent out unless it is really
worthy. But right here I have the great pleasure in making mention of some-
thing, not altogether new, but all the more worthy, and that is the carnation,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 107

The Marquis. This is a production of this part of our State, and, I believe,
has not, so far, had official notice in any report to this Society; but 1 know
it is worthy (even if late) to be called a new and also a very'good thing.

New Books. — As this is not a publishing center like New York City,
Boston or Philadelphia, it never occurs to any one to look for anvthing new
in this line, even if a good thing does appear. And a good thing, nay, an
excellent thing, did appear some time ago, right in this city, but the Society
of American Jf'lorists never was told of it, X think. 1 mean the Florists'
Manual, by Wm. tScott. Everybody knows the author, and everybody, espe-
cially the smaller man and grower of everything, should know the book also,
while the si^ecialist, too, can find many things worth knowing in the volume.
This book was written, not because the author expected to make a fortune
out of it, but because he is an author born, and generous and unselfish, ready
at all times to give advice, and a good word to those that ask it. This book
is a whole library in itself, and should be in every ttorist's hands.

Misfortune. — As far as I could ascertain, in the year past very few of
the craft have suiiered from water, hail, fire or failure, these physical as
well as commercial misfortunes only hitting here and there in isolated cases,
and in the milder forms ; but this should not make us careless ; the danger
is just as great, and the necessary precautions should always be taken.

Clubs, Societies and Social (Jathcrings. — We all know the llorist ha?
great social proclivities, and where there is no fiorists' club he seeks society
otherwise. There should be a great many more such clubs in western New
York than there really are. As for the Buffalo Florists' Club, I can onlv say
that, while it is not as large in membership as it should be, those wh./ com-
pose the club are earnest, sincere, and take a keen interest in alF matters of
floriculture, and nearly all are members of the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists.

Parks and Cemeteries. — It is not my intention to dwell long on this
subject, nor to say how a park or cemetery should be, or should not be handled.
I will off'er only a few remarks, which I hope will be of interest to all hor-
ticulturists. Nearly every city in western JSJew York has its park and ceme-
tery, but I only wish to touch on the local pleasure and burial grounds.
Buffalo parks are now divided into two separate systems, the North Parks,
under Superintendents Graves and Braik, and the South I'arks, under Super-
intendent Cowell. Although a goodly portion of the former is given over
temporarily to the Pan-American Exposition Company, yet there still re-
mains enough to be worthy of a visit by all who are interested. Of late
years more bedding has been done in our parks, tnd especially this year,
under the able management of Captain Braik. Fully 300,000 bedding plants
of the popular varieties have been grown and planted. The Southern divi-
sion of our parks, with its beautiful new conservatories, some of the finest
in the country, is always interesting, not only to the layman, but also to the
botanist and student. During his recent collection tour through the West
Indies Prof. Cowell gathered a large number of novelties in tropical plants,
and I believe several species of palms and ferns not known before. Another
very good thing for our parks was the appointing of a practical florist to a
Park Commissionership. Mr. Wm. F. Kasting's appointment has proven to
be one of the very best our Mayor has made so far, and the Buffalo Florists'
Club has no reason to regret pressing this matter to an issue.

Of the public grounds, so-called, our cemeteries are, from a business
standpoint, the most interesting to the florist. Thousands of vases, rustic
baskets and large pots are annually filled and cared for in these grounds,
several large firms making a specialty of this kind of work. Thank^ to the
efforts of Superintendent Troup at Forest Lawn during the last year, several
plant houses have been added to the already fine conservatory, and the floral
embellishment of this cemetery is especially fine this year.

Deaths. — But while I speak of cemeteries, or ''the silent city," it is bU':
fitting to say a few words of those in our profession who, during the last

] 08 TROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH COXVENTION

year, have joined the thousands in that realm from whence there is no return.
Jjocally, we miss only two, but keenly feel that loss. W. J. Palmer's sudden
death was a shock, not only to all members of the craft, but to the whole com-
munity, where he was well known and more liked. The other was Chaa.
Porter, a young man of much promise, and whose demise we all feel keenly.
Besides these, western JNew York mourns the following: David S. Wright,
JJunkirk; J. O. Pridmore, Rochester; Edwin J. Glover, Utica; Herman W.
Liederly, Troy; Harrison A. J^yon, Rochester; Louis Menand, A'bany;
Henry Xavier, Mt. Vernon ; M. T. F. Brown, Canandaigua ; John P. Bell,
Syracuse : Schuyler Worden, Oswego; James Sloan, Poughkeepsie ; Robert
Alexander, Utica; Clark Oatman, VVatertown; Harry M. Kearney, Medina,
Before I close I wish to say that it was the kind assistance of a n amber
of florists in this part ot the State that enabled me to give this report what-
ever completeness it possesses.

CiiAS. H. Keitsch, ^tate Vice-President.

OHIO, NORTH.

I have the honor of submitting the following: From information gath-
ered, business has been very good, and perhaps slightly better than the pre-
vious year. The demand for blooming plants for the holiday trade keeps in-
creasing. The Decoration Day trade in cut flowers and blooming plants, as
far as Cleveland is concerned, has been away ahead of former years. There
was a scarcity of everything, principally so on account of the very backward
season. The trade in bedding plants was better than the previous year. Con-
siderable remodeling and enlai'gmg in greenhouses is going on in and around
Cleveland.

The past season has been a hard one for field carnations, on account of the
very severe rains during the months of May and June, the efiects of which
have caused a loss in the field of at least 50 per cent, to most growers.

A gratitjing step forward has been the selection of a practical florist and
greenhouse man to fill the office of superintendent of Parks for the City of
Cleveland.

I would recommend the establishing of a glass house plant by the So-
ciety, as the prices of glass keep soaring skyward in conseq\ience of the trust.

F. C. B ARTELS, State Vice-President.

OHIO, SOUTH.

From indications, it seems as though the majority of florists in this vi-
cinity have been prosperous the past year. New greenhouses, also alterations
and rebuilding of old ones, are in excess of last year, despite the high prices
asked for material. One thing noticeable the greater part of the past sea-
son has been the scarcity of cut flowers, especially choice roses and carna-
tions. The demand for bedding plants, notably geraniums and cannas, in-
creased about ten per cent., while there were not as many veranda boxes
filled as in other years. There was a good demand for American Beauty,
La France, and Kaiserin roses in pots for outdoor planting. In regard to
new seedlings, it gives me great pleasure to report that Mr. Richard VVitter-
staetter disposed of his new seedling carnation, Adonis, to Messrs. Hill and
Craig, the sum paid for same exceeding five thousand dollars.

The Cincinnati Florists' Society is in a prosperous condition, adding one
or two new members at every meeting. This Society gives monthly exhibi-
tions during the Winter, ottering liberal cash prizes, and some very choice
flowers are staged. ' The Society also offers a certificate of merit for new
seedling. A new variety has to be very deserving before receiving the same,
as the judges are very strict in issuing these certificates. The new varieties
of roses and carnations disseminated the past year have been grown exten-
sively, with partial success. However, we hear of very few growers saying

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 109

they are going to discard this or that variety, but say they will give them an-
other trial.

I believe that this district will be fairly well represented at the con-
vention.

Albert Sundebbkuch, tState Vice-Piesident.

PENNSYLVANIA, WEST.

As Vice-President of your Society for the western part of Pennsylvania,
it gives me much pleasure to report trade conditions for the past year as
good as the one previous, the cut-tlower trade rather better. The cut-tlower
market throughout the year was steady; prices did not fluctuate as in other
seasons, and there was never much of a surplus. There was a very noticeable
increased demand for flowers of high grade, which sold at very remunerative
prices. Roses and carnations grown around Pittsburg and Allegheny were of
good quality, but not in sufficient quantity to supply the demand. Lilium
Harrisii again proved a failure with most growers; only a few had partial
success.

Christmas and Easter trade was heavy ; much stock was disposed of,
but wholesale prices were too high, allowing very little profit to the retailer.

The plant trade in general was satisfactory, although the unfavorable
weather in the busiest part of the season hurt sales considerably, and much
stock was unsold at the end of May, which, however, was fairly well cleaned
out during the month of June, though at greatly reduced prices. "Geraniums
and cannas even were in greatest demand. Prices ruled about the same as last
year. Nursery trade was better than last season: there was quite an in-
creased demand for hardy shrubs and herbaceous plants.

Construction of greenhouses during the past season was not very exten-
sive. High prices of material had some ell'ect ; it was also very difficult to
even procure glass at double former prices. Houses now being built are of
much better class than formerly. F. Burki has put up two houses, each about
400 feet in length, for growing roses; they are the most complete in our vi-
cinity, and far enough away from the smoke and dirt of the city — about
eighteen miles from Allegheny.

The monthly meetings of the i' lorists' Club during the year have been
very well attended, and most interesting and instructive. ]\iany new mem-
bers were added, among them the gardeners to private places and amateurs.
The members of the club gave an exhibition of cut flowers in the month of
June, which was most successful. Hardy roses, pseonies, and a great variety
of outdoor blooms were exhibited, everything properly labeled. It was a
free exhibition, the club paying the entire expense. Such flower shows should
materially benefit the trade and also prove instructive as well as educational,
giving the public an idea of what can be grown in our vicinity to beautify
their places.

E. C. -LiUDWiG, state Vice-President.

RHODE ISLAND.

Our small State, I am pleased to report, has had a very prosperous year.
While the present quiet season is rather a long one, we have our fashionable
Newport, where considerable business is done during the Summer season,
both by resident florists and others from New \'ork City.

In cut flowers this State produces enough for our home trade and a con-
siderable quantity to ship to other markets outside. Of the two popular
flowers, American Beauty roses and violets, there is generally a shortage.

Business in the holidays was very satisfactory; plants in bloom and with
berries and fruit selling best at Christmas; flowering plants for Easter —
azaleas taking the lead. Easter trade the past season was somewhat curtailed
by the wet weather preceding it, and by hea\'y rains on Easter Saturday and

110 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Sunday, interfering with late buyers and the delivery of goods sold. How-
ever, most of the trade were fairly well satisfied with the volume of business
done under the circumstances.

The bedding plant trade the past Spring was about on an average with
other seasons; prices somewhat better.

There was an increased demand for hardy stock for outdoor planting.

Well-grown Boston ferns and kentias find a steady market. Ficus elas-
tica do not sell as well as formerly; too many poorly grown plants sold at
department stores at low prices seem to have killed the popularity of this
plant.

About the only new carnation to be recorded and shown at the American
Carnation Society, at ±5altimore, Md., from this State was the Beau Ideal of
the Daybreak order, by Mr. N. D. Pierce, Jr., of Norwood, R. I., who se-
cured a certificate of merit. Quite a number of other new varieties have been
shown by other florists from different sections of the State, of which we
expect to hear more later.

Very little building of a commercial nature has been done this season, on
account of the high price of material, although there has been some, and quite
a little building on private places.

I'loral exhibitions are held regularly several times each season by the
Rhode Island Horticultural Society, which are ndf very well attended by the
public, I am sorry to say.

T. J. Johnston, State Vice-President.

WISCONSIN.

I submit to you my report for Wisconsin for the past year. The progress
in our line has been far in excess of previous years. In the larger cities much
interest was shown to improve parks and public property. The outdoor Art
Association created considerable interest among school children by distribut-
ing seeds free of charge and offering prizes to the most successful ones
for the best garden. This is good encouragement and may be of great benefit
in the future. The Association also encouraged the beautifying of homes, &c.,
which will bring some returns to the florists.

Building to the extent of about 200,000 square feet was done in the State
during the year and many florists sprung up in towns which heretofore had
none.

Hail did quite a little damage this Spring in the central part of the State.
Serious inroads have been made on the revenue of the florists by the, action of
the School Boards in prohibiting the presentation of flowers to graduates. As
this is becoming universal the Society of American Florists should take some
action in this matter against these political bodies.

More interest is being taken in the Society in this section and occasional
meetings in the Middle States should help considerably in increasing the mem-
bership. C. C. PoLLWORTH, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. Ill

EEPORTS OF EXHIBITIOX COMMITTEES.

CLASS A, PLANTS.

Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows:

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, for Cibotium Scheidei as a valuable decorative
fern.

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, for superior cultivation of decorative plants.

Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J., for display of orchids.

Honorable Mention is given to the following exhibits:

Robt. Craig & Son, Philadelphia, for superior cultivation of crotons.

Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., for exhibit of decorative plants.

Siebrecht & Son, New York, for collection of decorative plants.

Julius Roehrs, Carlton Hills, N. J., for collection of decorative plants.

Chas. D. Ball, Holmesburg, Pa., for collection of finely grown decorative
plants.

J. A. Peterson & Son. Cincinnati, 0., for collection of finely grown and
colored Pandanus Veitchii.

Robt. Craig & Son, for collection of decorative plants.

The following exhibit is Highly Commended:

Edwin Lonsdale, Philadelphia, Pa., well-grown crotons.
Other notable exhibits:

Clueas & Boddington Co., New York, Kentia Forsteriana and Belmoreana,
and Oncidium varicosum Rogersi.

Clueas & Boddington Co., New York, Begonia Gloire de Lorraine.
H. J. Rhodes, Honolulu, H. I., Hawaaian plants.

Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago and New York, palms and Boston ferns.
Geo. Wittbold Co., Chicago, decorative plants.
Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Pa., decorative plants.
Walter Retzer & Co., Chicago, 111., palms in commercial sizes.

E. O. Orpet,
John Dingwall,
Peter Murray,

Judges.

CLASS B, CUT blooms.

Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows:

Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y., Gladiolus hybrids, improved Grofl's type.

Blue Hill Nursery, South Braintree, Mass., large collection of herbaceous
perennials, containing many useful florists' varieties.

Peter Bisset, Twin Oaks, Washington, three very fine seedling nymphaeas.

Honorable Mention is given to the following exhibit:

Michigan Seed Co., South Haven, Mich., for Gladiolus seedling Park Bell,
good form and strong stem.

113 rROCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Other notable exhibits:

H. Beaulieu, Woodhaven, N. Y., fine dahlias, zinnias, etc.

A. C. Zvolanek, Grand View, N. J., sweet peas.

G. Obermeyer, Parker sburg, W. Va., canna West Virginia.

R. Flowerdat,
J. J. Hess,
Louis Duput,

Judges.

CLASS C, BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS.

Certificate of Merit is awarded to Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington, X. Y., for
greenhouse heaters; points of excellence noted are easy method of clean-
ing, good draught, large combustion chamber, simplicity of construction
and general adaptability for greenhouse heating.

The following exhibits are Highly Commended:

Herendeen Manufacturing Co., Geneva, N. Y., for the Furman New Model
Heater, which seems to be much improved in its construction, especially in the
water space at front of boiler and the drop tubes extending to the fire space,

Hitchings & Co., New York, for upright sectional heater; a new pattern
which seems to make a very powerful boiler of simple and practical con-
struction.

John A. Scollay, Brooklyn, N. Y., for greenhouse heater, which is a pow-
erful but simple and practical boiler.

W. W. Edgar,
Wm. Bester,

•Judges.

class d, greenhouse appliances and flower pots.
Honorable Mention is awarded to the following exhibits:

Ionia Pottery Co., Ionia, Mich., for cream-colored flower pots: the best
display of its kind in the exhibition.

R. W. Cartter, West Springfield, Mass., for sterilizer and subsoil
irrigator.

E. Hippard, Youngstown, 0., for cast-iron duplex gutter and indestructi-
ble hinge.

The following exhibits are Highly Commended:

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, florists' glazing points.
John A. Scollay, Brooklyn, N. Y., plant sprinkler and putty bulb,
W. J. Cowee, Berlin, X. Y., machine wired toothpicks.
W^. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y., soil pulverizer.

Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington, N. Y., galvanized iron bench, new roller
hanger, and new support for gutters.

E. C. Brown & Co., Rochester, N. Y., Auto-Spray, a valuable apparatus.
Detroit Flower Pot Co., Detroit, Mich., standard pots.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113

Quaker City Machine Works, for Evans' challenge ventilator.
H. W. Gibbons Co., for new iron gutter.

J. C. Moninger Co., Chicago, for Jennings' greenhouse fittings, new Gar-
land gutter and cypress construction.

Hitchings & Co., New York, for new method of bolting hinge to gutter and
ventilator purlin.
Other notable exhibits are as follows:

Robert Hand, Cleveland, 0., rose leaf collector.

E. W. Holt, New York, rubber goods.

Quaker City Rubber Co., Philadelphia, Pa., rubber hose.

Nathan Rice, Worcester, Mass., pot-washing machine.

W. H. Elverson Pottery Co., New Brighton, Pa., standard pots.

Geo. M. Kellogo,
W. B. Leach,
J. F. Wilcox,

■Judges.

CLASS E, florists' SUPPLIES.

M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, are Highly Commended for new adjustable
pot cover.

Other notable exhibits in this department are:

M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, a large display of supplies, baskets, wheat,
metal designs, etc.

H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, a large display of baskets, wheat
sheaves, metal designs, etc.

A. Herrmann, New York, exhibit of metal designs and prepared sago palm
leaves of extra quality, etc.

N. F. McCarthy & Co., Boston, Mass., display of supplies, .Japanese vases.

Boston Florists' Letter Co., Boston, Mass., block and script letters.

J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., Chicago, corrugated cut llower shipping boxes.

D. B. Long, Buffalo, N. Y., floral albums, labels, tags and general sta-
tionery.

J. A. Lynn, Chicago, silver birch-bark goods.

Cordley & Hayes, New York, indurated fibre vases and saucers.

Henry Millingar, Merchantville, N. J., anti-trust wooden flower pots.

W. C. Krick, Brooklyn, N. Y., immortelle emblems, tree holders ami ad-
justable plant-stands.

S. S. Pennock, Philadelphia, complete display of exquisite ribbons.

Schloss Bros., New York, florists' ribbons.

P. C. Squires, Berlin, Md., well-berried holly.

Dayton Paper Novelty Co., Dayton, 0., paper cut-flower boxes.

B. Rosenz, Brooklyn, N. Y., prepared cycas leaves.

Jos. Kift & Son, Philadelphia, rubber-capped glass tubes and adjustable
vase-holders.

T. J. Johnston,

C. H. KUNZMAN,

G. Bartholme,

-... Judges.

114 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

CLASS r, BTILBS.

The following exhibits are noted in this department:

Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago and New York, assortment of seasonable
bulbs including fine Lilium Harisii.

Clucas & Boddington Co., New York, very fine display of Lilium Harrisii,
cold storage Lilium longiflorum, Roman hyacinths, paper-white grandiflorum
narcissus, trumpet narcissus, lily of the valley, etc. ,

H. Beaulieu> Woodhaven, N. Y., hardy white onion. ▼

Samuel Henshaw,
Warren Ewell,
W. S. Rennie.

Judges.
class 6, miscellaneous.

Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows:

Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh, N. Y., for motor mowers, noting
especially the oscillating movement on the roller and revolving knives.

Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh, N. Y., for weed cutting attachment
for hand mowers.

Other exhibits noted are as follows:

Walbridge & Co., Bufi'alo, N. Y., cast-iron reservoir lawn vases.

Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, 0., collection of fine budded roses.

A. T. De La Mare Printing & Publishing Co., Ltd., New York, complete
collection of horticultural literature.

Geo. T. King, Hyde Park, Mass., Nicholson's Dictionary of Gardening.

Baker Bros., Fort Worth, Texas, Rosedale hybrid Junipers.

J. Austin ShaAV, New York, Bailey's Cyclopaedia of American Horti-
culture.

William Dilger, Detroit, Mich., Tufa incrustation for rockeries.

H. Beaulieu, Woodhaven, N. Y., an exhibit of French horticultural tools.

L. B. Brague, Hinsdale, Mass., wild ferns and Christmas greens.

Harlan P. Kelsey, Boston, Mass., galax leaves.

J. G. & A. Esler, Saddle River, N. J., rubber hose.

Jennings Bros., Philadelphia, Pa., greenhouse fittings.

Geo. M. Kellogg,
Wesley B. Leach,

Judges.

SOCIETY OF AMEEIOAN FLORISTS.

115

REPOET OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXHIBITION,

I hereby submit my report on Trade Exhibition held in connection with
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists' Convention,
at Convention Hall, Buffalo, Aug. 6 to 10, 1901.

Receipts.

M. Rice & Co

$108.00

A. Herrmann

$45.00

Chas. D. Ball

18.00

H. W. Smith

21.42

H. W. Gibbons Co...

45.36

Schloss Bros

6.30

Ionia Potterv Co ... .

11.40

Robt. Hand

4.00

J. C. Moninger

18.00

Lager & Hurrell ....

14.25

Geo. M. Garland....

18.00

The Munson Co

18.00

A. Cowee

32.56

McMillan Pub. Co..

4.20

The Geo. Wittbold

P. Bisset

4.20

Co

18.00

Storrs & Harrison

The J. W. Sefton Co.

18.00

Co

8.40

L. B. Brague

5.00

H. Beaulieu

2.00

Geo. Stevens

3.00

H. Millingar

3.15

Clucas & Boddington

Blue Hill Nursery . .

18.00

Co

17.10

Robt. Kift

14.82

American Florist

Quaker City Rubber

Pub. Co

15.20

Co

5.04

Crowl Fern Co

2.50

M. Squires

2.00

Danl B. Long

15.00

W. J. Cowee

4.00

H. A. Siebrecht

41.40

N. Rice

10.00

L. Ball

11.40

Boston Florist Let-

E. Hippard

Lord & Burnham

10.50

ter Co

13.50

G. Obermeyer .......

6.30

Co

108.00

Ed. Lonsdale

2.00

N. F. McCarthy

31.50

The Herendeen Mfg.

H. Baversdorfer &

Co

4.00

Co

115.00

W. Dilger

2.00

Wm. F. Kasting. . . .

18.00

J. Peterson

6.30

J. A. Seollay

11.40

Geo. T. King

2.00

Walbridge & Co

18.00

W. C. Krick

4.20

H. A. Dreer

90.00

H. Balsley

3.00

Elversou Pottery Co.

10.50

Michigan Seed Co . . .

2.50

McKellar & Winter-

Walter Retzer

27.00

son

4.41

Ellwanger & Barry .
John G. Esler

2.00

Quaker City Machine

2.00

Co

5.04

Robt. Craig & Son . .

36.00

Bobbink & Atkins...

36.00

J. A. Lynn

7.35

Cordley & Hayes ....

6.30

Hitchings & Co

81.00

Vaughan's Seed Store

22.50

Coldwell Lawn Mow-

Julius Roehrs

36.00

er Co

28.80

H. P. Kelsev

4.20

S. S. Pennock

9.45

Ed. H. Holt

Dayton Paper Nov-

10.00

Total for space ... J

51,383.84

elty Co

10.50

Received for cloth . .

12.00

E. C. Brown

Florists' Exchange . .

7:56
10.08

Total $1.39.^.84!

W. S. Douglass

6.25

IIG

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Disbtirsenients.

Books, etc $.70 Hammers and tacks. 1.5S

Rubber stamps 1.70 Electric lighting.... 50.00

Postage 27.75 Clerk hire 28.00

Printing 54.50 Help 24.00

Advertising 27.20 Night watchman.... 14.00

Rent for typewriter. 10.00 Janitor's services... 5.00

Stationery 7.60 Supt's commission... 130. 5S

Building and remov- Paid to the Buffalo

ing tables and Florists' Club 802.!':3

benches 154.76

Cloth for covering $1,395.84 $i,3\)5.84

tables 46.54

Respectfully submitted,

Charles H. Keitsch, Superintindent.

DEPARTMENT OF PLAXT REGISTEATIOX.

LIST OF VARIETIES REGISTERED UP TO AUGUST 1, 1901.

July 12, 1898. — Rose Clara Barton. Flesh pink with rose centre, double,

fragrant, everblooming. By Conard & Jones Co.
July 12, 1898. — Canna Admiral Schley. Orange scarlet, spotted bright

crimson, edged yellow; reverse showing bright yellow markings. By

Conard & Jones Co.
July 12, 1898. — Canna General Shafter. (Now extinct.) By Conard &

Jones Co.
Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Surprise. Upper petals black blotched,

edged fiery red, surrounded with broad band of white; lower petals white

with red spot in centre. By Robt. Sandiford.
Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Wonder. Semi-double, white, heavily

fringed and crumpled; some flowers showing small maroon spots on upper

petals. By Robert Sandiford.
Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Best. Pink, broadly edged with

white; throat white; large round truss. By Robert Sandiford.
Nov. 10, 1898. — Rose Admiral Dewey. A light pink sport from Mme. Caro-
line Testout. By John H. Taylor.
Nov. 27, 1898. — Rose Baltimore. Flowers very large, white, tinted delicate

shell pink in centre ; foliage massive ; cross between Mme. Antoine Rivoire

and Mary Fitzwilliam. By John Cook.
Dec. 30, 1898. — Chrysanthemum Regina (Silver Cloud x I'Enfant de Deux

Mondes). Color creamy white; bloom of the Frank Hardy type, but with

no tendency to crook neck. By Alex. MacLellan.
Jan. 3, 1899. — Rose Lillian Nordica (Margaret Dickson x Mme. Hoste). Color

white, buds long, flowers large, double; strong tea fragrance; foliage dark

green, growth vigorous. By M. H. Walsh.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. 117

Jan. ]9j 1S99. — Rose Maid of Honor. A sport from Catherine Mermet ; pink
in color. By Hoffmeister Floral Co.

Jan. 25, 1899. — Violet Columbia. A seedling of 1896 from Wellsiana,
probably crossed with California. Flowers large, pansy shaped, fra-
grant : petals thick, color of Princesse de Galles ; stems medium length,
thick and holding flowers erect; leaves round, medium size and leathery.
Habit of plant similar to Wellsiana, but, unlike that variety, propagates
easily from runners; a continuous bloomer. By F. W. Fletcher.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Neptune (Marguerite Hybrid). Magenta violet.
By C. Eisele. -

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Mercury (M. H.). Red. By C. Eisele.

Jan.. 27, 1899. — Carnation Venus (M. H.). White with pink stripes. By
C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Jupiter (M. H.). Daybreak color. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Uranus (M. H.). Maroon. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Rising Sun (M. H.). Sulphur yellow. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Saturn (M. H.). Deep crimson. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Vulcan (M. H.). Red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Vesuvius (M. H.). Light red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Estella (M. H.). White, heavily striped with pink.
By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Minerva (M. H.). Rosy pink. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Mars (M. H.) . Deep rose. By C. Eisele.

Feb. ], 1899. — Canna Red Indian. Robust grower, bronze foliage; flowers
deep scarlet, petals large and rounding; stalks five to six branched. By
J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. 1, 1899. — Canna Mandarin. Height six feet, bronze foliage, same char-
acter as Discolor; flowers pure orange, large and carried well above the
foliage. By J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. 1, 1899. — Canna Victory. Height five feet, robust grower, flower stalks
seven to nine-branched; foliage very large and thick; flowers largest size,
petals measuring one and seven-eighths inches, and suggesting a possible
crossing of the Italian with the Crozy sorts; color orange scarlet with
crimson veins running lengthwise of petal and bordered with irregular
band of yellow; small lower petal and throat mottled yellow. By J. C.
Vaughan.

Feb. 4, 1899. — Carnation Olympia. A clear white with scarlet stripings; the
largest carnation known. By John N. May.

Feb. 25, 1899. — Rose Frances E. Willard (Marie Guillot x Coquette de Lyon).
Growth vigorous, foliage large, height five to six feet; flower pure white,
three to four inches in diameter; bud short, very double and perfect. By
Good & Reese Co.

Feb. 27, 1899. — Geranium America. A seedling from Mars. Growth dwarf,
foliage zoned, color shaded from pure white to deep rose, flowers large and
round, blotched and striped so that no two appear of identical color;
more floriferous than Mars. By Henry Eichholz.

118 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH COXVEXTIOX

March 27, 1899. — Rose Liberty, Parentage an unknown seedling of Mrs. W.
S. Grant, crossed with itself, Avhich was fertilized Avith Victor Hugo.
Flower ruby red, medium sized, fragrant, borne on strong stiff stems,
mostly singly and needing no tying. Plant erect growing, making a com-
pact bush; a continuous bloomer. Foliage medium size, with five round-
ish leaflets very shapely and evenly serrate on the margins. Spines mod-
erately numerous, straight and irregularly scattered on the stems. By
E. G. Asmus.

April 6, 1899. — Rose Ivory. A sport from Golden Gate; color ivory white.
By The American Rose Co.

May 20, 1899. — Cypripedium insigne var. Mrs. G. B. Wilson. Habit strong,
leaves long, light green in color; flowers large and well formed; dorsal
sepal yellow with a few indistinct embossed-like marks; petals long and
yellow; lip rather pointed, shining and of a bright yellow color; the
brightest of the yellow types yet introduced. By W. A. Manda.

June 15, 1899. — Hemerocallis Florham (H. aurantiaca major x H. Thunber-
gii ) . Habit intermediate ; foliage as in aurantiaca major but narrower
and more elongated, arching outward; flower spikes three to four ft. in
height, flowers 6 in. in diameter; sepals yellow suflused with orange;
petals canary yellow. By A. Herrington.

July 25, 1899. — Dendrobium nobile Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson. Bulbs very strong,
rather thick, closely set with light green leaves. The flowers are nearly
double the size of the ordinary form with sepals and petals of a rich deep
crimson; lip very large, yellowish, with maroon blotch. By W. A. Manda.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya gigas atropurpurea. Well-balanced flower, sepals
and petals extremely dark; lip very large, intense purple. By Lager &
Hurrell.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya Hardyana Robbiana; flowers very large; sepals and
petals rosj' mauve; lip deep crimson, veined on disc with yellow, the large
yellow spots on each side traversed with magenta veins radiating from
the centre. A natural hybrid from Colombia. By Lager & Hurrell.

Sept. 18, 1899. — Canna Governor Roosevelt. A sport from an unknown variety.
Strong, compact habit ; foliage light green, height four feet ; color red
and yellow irregularly striped, some flowers all red, the yellow slightly
dotted with red. Flowers full average size and good form. By Peter
Henderson & Co.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Geranium Little Pink (Mars x Asa Gray). Very dwarf;
branching, very free. Color bright pink. By W. E. Hall.

Sept. 21, 1899.— Geranium Clyde. Sport from Mrs. E. G. Hill. Habit same
as parent, foliage somewhat lighter green. Color soft brilliant scarlet.
By W. E. Hall. '

Sept. 21, 1899.— Rose J. S. Fay (Prince Camille de Rohan x Pierre Netting).
Vigorous, free, and as hardy as the hardiest of the H. P. class. Color
deep crimson, tips of petals bright scarlet. By M. H. Walsh.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAIsr FLORISTS. 119

Nov. 1, 1899. — Carnation 'Eleanor Ames (Wm. Scott x Daybreak i . Tidal
Wave color; Scott habit, but stronger and taller growth. By Donald
Carmichael.

Nov. 1, 1899.— Carnation May Whitney (Daybreak x Edith Foster). Color
■nhite ; Tidal Wave habit. By Donald Carmichael.

Nov. 13, 1899. — Canna Olynipia. Color pinkish violet purple; foliage bright
green; flowers medium; spikes erect, height 2^1. to 3 feet. By Conard &
Jones Co.

Nov. 17, 1899. — Chrysanthemum Mctoria. A Japanese incurved, color be-
tween lemon and straw, foliage almost identical with the parent, Mrs.
Geo. M. Pullman. By Alex. MacLellan.

Nov. 17, 1899. — Chrysanthemum Gen. Joubert. A Japanese incurved of large
size, color darker than Mrs. Geo. Magee. By Alex. MacLellan.

Dec. 4, 1899. — Rose Mrs. Oliver Ames. A sport from Mrs. J. Pierpont
Morgan. Color delicate pink with faint line of deeper color at edge of
petal, softening to almost pure white at base of petal; other characteris-
tics identical with parent. By Eobert Montgomery.

Dec. 26, 1899. — Eose Sara Nesbitt. A sport from Mme. Cusin, a size larger
than the parent. Color light pink, very delicate, shading deeper in cen-
tre; does not grow dark in summer weather; a better grower than Mme.
Cusin, habit otherwise identical. By Benjamin Dorrance.

Feb. 1, 1900. — Rose New Century (Clothilde Soupert x Rugosa alba). Hardy
ever-bloomer ; flowers pink, double, very fragrant; foliage resembling
Rugosa. By Conard & Jones Co.

March 5, 1900. — Carnation Cressbrook (Mrs. G. M. Bradt x Wm. Scott).
Color bright pink; flowers 3 to 3^2 in.; stem strong and wiry; strong
grower, ready rooter; no surplus foliage. By C. Warburton.

March 7, 1900. — Geranium A. N. Gerbig. Single zonale, flowers apricot sal-
mon shade, deeper toward centre; distinct white eye, truss large; foliage
deep green with dark zone; rampant grower. By C. H. Gerbig.

March 13, 1900. — Cattleya Trianse Nettie Martin. Sepals and petals light
pink; lip large and open, somewhat flattened, throat with a large blotch,
straw buff encircled with a broad band of lilac; flowers medium sized and
well balanced. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Canna The Express (Philadelphia x Gloriosa). Flowers
bright crimson, large green foliage, height 2V2 feet. By Nathan Smith
& Son.

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianse aurantiaca. Flowers large, sepals and petals
white, slightly suffused with pale lilac; lower part of petals thrown for-
ward, upper part reflexed; lower part of lip whitish lilac, superimposed
by a large wedge-shaped blotch of bright orange. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianas Fairy Queen. Flowers medium, well bal-
anced; sepals and petals pure white, the latter slightly reflexed; tube of
lip white; lower part light lilac extending to edge. By Lager & Hurrell.

120 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Apr)] 5, 1900. — Rose Queen of Edgely. Sport from American Beauty; growth,
habit, foliage, size and form practically identical with American Beauty;
fragrance someAvhat sweeter; color light pink as in Bridesmaid. By The
Floral Exchange Co.

April 16, 1900. — Rose Lady Dorothea. A sport from Sunset; characteristics
.same as parent as to color of foliage and vigor of growth. Can be dis-
budded at any season to centre-bud, which is always perfect. Color, outer
petal deep peach pink to Indian red at base; inside soft flesh color. By
J. H. Dunlop.

April 20, 1900 — Cattleya labiata Mrs. W. C. Squier. Flowers large, sepals
and petals massive, dark rosy mauve; lip very large, margin fringed;
expanded jjortion crimson purple; posterior part stained with straw,
buff and purple. By Lager & Hurrell.

June 2j 1900. — Canna Bobs. Dwarf; height about 18 inches; foliage thick,
dark green; flowers orange scarlet, sometimes slightly margined yellow j
petals 11/2 inches wide, spikes compact. By Richard Gardner.

July 15, 1900. — Rose Sweetheart (Wichuraiana x Bridesmaid). Flowers
double, 'lyn in. in diameter; profuse clusters; buds pink, expanded
flowers white, very fragrant, hardy. By M. H. Walsh.

July 15, 1900. — Rose Debutante (Wichuraiana x Baroness Rothschild),
Flowers double, pink, fragrant; profuse clusters; a hardy climbing rose.
By M. H. Walsh.

July 15, 1900. — Begonia Light Pink Lorraine. Origin in doubt but supposed
to be a sport from Gloire de Lorraine; color very delicate and much paler
than in the type; flowers much more exi^anded; plant more vigorous than
the type. By Edwin Lonsdale.

July 21, 1900.— Melon Griffin's Hybrid (Blenheim Orange x Emerald Gem).
Smooth, slightly ribbed, cream color; flesh, scarlet; average weight, 4
lbs. By Arthur Grifiin.

July 21, 1900. — Melon Sea Verge (Scarlet Invincible x Triumph). ' Exterior
oval, smooth, finely netted, light green; flesh scarlet; average weight 5
lbs. By Arthur Griffin.

Aug. 9, 1900. — Xephrolepis Wittboldi. Originated in 1897. Fronds two and
one-half to three feet long and ten to twelve inches wide; pinnae undulat-
ing or wavy in all growths; texture leathery. By Geo. Wittbold.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis erecta. A seedling originated
in Anaeostia four years' ago. Fronds thick and leathery with metallic
lustre, five feet and upwards in length and twelve inches or more in
width; habit upright. By N. Studer.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis pendula: seedling originated
in Anaeostia about four years ago. Fronds thick and leathery with
metallic lustre, five feet and upward in length and 12 inches or more in
^/vidth, with dark brownish mid-rib; habit drooping. By N. Studer.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Canna Montana. Flowers bright cream yellow. By Conard
& Jones Co.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131

Sept. 22, 11)00. — C'anna West Grove. Coral pink, slightly dappled with crim-
son and shaded yellow in the throat; foliage green, slightly edged with
purple; large and exceedingly tough. By Conard & Jones Co.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Geranium Eben E. Rexford. Single, light pink witli white
eye. By Henry Eichholz.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Geranium Dr. E. A. Hering. Single, brilliant scarlet, overlaid
with red. Described as having the dwarfness and floriferousness of Mars
and America, with constitution and foliage of Bruant type. By Henry
Eichholz.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Rose Flush o' Dawn (H. T.). Flowers light pink, changing
to white, fragrant, five to six inches in diameter when open: vigorous
grower; stems two and one-half to three feet; foliage dark and glossy;
continuous bloomer. By M. H. Walsh.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Dahlia Salmon Queen (Peacock). Decorative: height three
and one-half feet; bushy grower, flowers large, salmon, deepening to
orange salmon toward centre; petals long pointed. By W. Atlee Burpee
& Co.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Dahlia Harlequin (Bassett). Fancy; dwarf, branching with
long slender stems; height two feet; flowers small to medium: crimson
with white stripe through each petal, stripe sometimes suft'used with pink;
flowers occasionally solid crimson. By W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Oct. 6, 1900. — C'anna West Virginia. A seedling of Queen Charlotte; color of
Gloriosa with narrower yellow band; full spike and very dwarf. By
Gustav Obermeyer.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Pennsylvania. Orchid flowered; color bright scarlet,
foliage green, height five feet. An American hybrid. By Conard &
Jones Co.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Betsy Ross. Color soft pink; foliage green; height two
and one-half feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Oct. 27, 1900. — Rose Pan-American (American Beauty x Mme. Caroline Tes-
tout ) . Color under glass in winter, soft red, a little lighter than Ameri-
can Beauty. In open ground, in summer, rosk pink; flower full, double;
guard petals cupped; fragrance strong. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Nov. 3, 1900. — Lilliputian Canna Little Gem. Flowers orange scarlet, each
petal lightly edged with yellow; very dwarf and compact: the extreme
height to tip rarely exceeding two feet. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Nov, 12, 1900. — Rose Freedom. Color soft pink, reverse of petals several shades
deeper; growth, identical with Liberty. By Arthur Griffin.

Nov. 24, 1900. — Fern Nephrolepis Piersoni. A sport from the type of Neph-
rolepis exaltata known as the Boston fern. The pinnse are subdivided so
that each has the appearance of the full frond in miniature, giving a
beautiful crested effect; otherwise the plant is identical with the Boston
fern. By the F. R. Pierson Co.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Carnation Norway. A seedling of Mrs. Fisher; color pure
white : flowers two and one-half to three and one-half inches in diameter ;
fragrant; stems long and stiong. By H. Weber & Sons.

] 22 PEOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Dec. 15, 1900. — Carnation Egypt. Color scarlet crimson; flowers uniformly
two and one-half to three inches in diameter; fragrant; stems two and
one-half to three feet. By H. Weber & Sons.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Sweet Pea Miss Florence E. Denzer (Zvolanek's Christmas x
Emily Henderson). White; height four feet outdoors, five and one-half
feet under glass; a continuous bloomer; especially adapted for winter
flowers: stems up to sixteen inches long, usually bearing three flowers
each: foliage narrow and of a dark green color. By A, C. Zvolanek.

Jan. 12, 1901. — Carnation Beau Ideal. A seedling of Daybreak; flowers shell
pink, two and one-half to three inches in diameter; full centre, fringed,
fragrant; habit upright; stems stift'; continuous bloomer. By Nathan D.
Pierce.

Feb. 9, 1901. — Sweet Pea Miss Helen M. Gould. Flowers very large, over two
inches in diameter, pure white, edged light pink; stems very long, bearing
usually four flowers; plants six feet high; foliage dark and narrow; a
seedling from Miss Florence E. Denzer. By A. C. Zvolanek.

March 2, 1901. — Rose Four Hundred. A sport from American Beauty, of the
same general characteristics but deeper and more constant in color. Most
of the growth is almost thornless; foliage a lighter green than that of
American Beauty. By D. T. Connor.

June S, 1901. — Rose Gainsborough. A sport from Viscountess Folkestone;
identical with that variety in every way, excepting that it is a vigorous
climber. The flowers are described as of immense size, resembling a
huge, flufly peony. By Good & Reese Co.

July 3, 1901. — Rose Dorothy Perkins. Thought to be a cross between Wich-
uraiana and Mme. Gabriel Luizet; a rampant grower, type of Crimson
Rambler; extremely hardy; foliage glossy, flowers shell pink, very
double, borne in clusters of 30 to 40; individual flowers two inches in
diameter; very fragrant. By Jackson & Perkins Co.

July 20, 1901. — Rose Newport Rambler. (Seed parent Wichuraiana, pollen
parent Crimson Rambler.) Color pink, similar to that of Mrs. S. Craw-
ford, with an occasional pure white flower in the same cluster; fra-
grance like seed parent; strong grower, not quite so prostrate as Wich-
uraiana; very double with reflexed petals. By Richard Gardner.

July 27, 1901. — Cattleya Mossiae var. Evelyn Sloane. Flower pure white
with J ellow blotch on lip ; A^ery faint flush of mauve color on lower portion
of lip; bold flower, finely fringed; originated at Wyndhurst, Lenox, Mass.
By A. J. Loveless.

Aug. 1, 1901. — Geranium Mrs. Gov. Jackso'n. A seedling of Mrs. J. M. Gaar,
which it resembles in all respects of habit, foliage and freedom of bloom;
differing only in color, which is a soft scarlet, and having larger trusses.
Ey Gustav Obei'meyer.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

133

CLASSIFIED LIST.

CANNAS.

GERANIUMS.

July 12, 1898— AdiTiiral Schley.
July 12, 1898— General Shafter.
Feb. 1, 1899— Red Indian.
Feb. 1, 1899— Mandarin.
Feb. 1, 1899— Victory.
Sept. 18, 1899— Goy.' Roosevelt.
Nov. 13, 1899— Olympia.
April 2, 1900— The Express.
June 2, 1900— Bobs.
Sept. 22, 1900— Montana.
Sept. 22, 1900— West Grove.
Oct. 6, 1900— West Virginia.
Oct. 20, 1900— Pennsylvania.
Oct. 20, 1900— Betsy Ross.
Nov. 3, 1900— Little Gem.

CARNATIONS.

Jan. 27, 1899— Neptune.
Jan. 27, 1899— Mercury.
Jan. 27, 1899— Venus.
Jan. 27, 1899— Jupiter.
Jan. 27, 1899— Uranus.
Jan. 27, 1899— Rising Sun.
Jan. 27, 1899— Saturn.
Jan. 27, 1899— Vulcan.
Jan. 27, 1899— Vesuvius.
Jan. 27, 1899— Estella.
Jan. 27, 1899— Minerva.
Feb. 4, 1899— Olvmpia.
Nov. 1, 1899— Eleanor Ames.
Nov. 1, 1899— May Whitney.
Mar. 5, 1900— Cressbrook. '
Dec. 15, 1900— Norway.
Dec. 15, 1900— Egypt."
Jan. 12, 1901— Beau IdeaL

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Dec. 30, 1898— Regina.
Nov. 17, 1899- Victoria.
Nov. 17, 1899— Gen. Joubert.

Oct. 6, 1900— Salmon Queen,
Oct. 6, 1900— Harlequin.

Aug. 9, 1900— NephrolepisWittboldi,
Aug. 17, 1900 — NephrolepisWashing-

toniensis erecta.
Aug. 17, 1900 — NephrolepisWashing-

toniensis pendula.
Nov. 24, 1900 — Nephrolepis Piersoni.

Feb. 27, 1899— America.

Sept, 21, 1899— Little Pink.

Sept. 21, 1899— Clyde.

March 17, 1900— A. N. Gerbig.

Sept. 22, 1900— Eben E. Rexford.

Sept. 22, 1900— Dr. E. A. Hering.

Aug. 1, 1901 — Mrs. Gov. Jackson,

HEMOROCALLIS.

June 15, 1899— Florham.

May 20, 1899 — Cypripedium insigne

var. Mrs. G. B. Wilson.
July 25, 1899— Denbrobium nobile

Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson.
Aug. 25, 1899 — Cattleya gigas atro-

purpurea.
Aug. 25, 1899 — Cattleya Hardyana

Robbiana.
March 13, 1900— Cattleya Trianse

Nettie Martin.
April 2, 1900— Cattleya Trianse au-

lantiaca.
April 2,1900— Cattleya Trianse Fairy

Queen.
April 20, 1900— Cattleya labiata Mrs.

W. C. Squier.
July 27, 1900 — Cattleya Mossiae var.

Evelyn Sloane.

PELARGONIUMS.

Oct. 29, 1898— Sandiford's Surprise,
Oct. 29, 1898— Sandiford's Wonder.
Oct. 29, 1898— Sandiford's Best.

July 12, 1898— Miss Clara Barton.
Nov. 10, 1898— Admiral Dewey.
Nov. 27, 1898— Baltimore.
Jan. 3, 1899 — Lillian Nordica,
Jan, 19, 1899— Maid of Honor,
Feb. 25, 1899— Frances E. Willard.
March 27. 1899— Liberty.
April 6, 1899— Ivory.
Sept. 21, 1899— J, S. Fay.
Dec. 4, i899— Mrs. Oliver Ames,
Dec, 26, 1899— Sara Nesbitt.
Feb, 1, 1900— New Century.
April 5, 1900— Queen of Edgely,
April 16, 1900— Lady Dorothea.
July 15, 1900— Sweetheart.

134 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

July 15, 1900 — Debutante. sweet peas.

Oct. 6, 1900— Flush o' Dawn. ^ _„^ ,,. .„ ^ ^

Oct. 27, 1900— Pan-American. ^^ec. 15, 1900— Miss J^lorence fc. Den-

Nov. 12, 1900— Freedom. ^, ^^^\^^, ,,. „, ,, -. ,,

March 2, 1901— Four Hundred. Feb. 9, 1901— Miss Helen M. Uould.
June 8, 1901 — Gainsborough. vrnrFT

July 20, 1901— Newport Rambler. ■ ^^"^'''^•

July 3, 1901— Dorothy Perkins. Jan. 25, 1899— Columbia.

PLANT INTEODUCTIONS IN AMERICA IN 1901.

BEGONIAS.

Black Diamond, (Manda) Rex type; foliage metallic blue.
Silver Cloud, (Manda) Rex type; foliage brown, center silver, edged green,
spotted white.

CANNAS.

Betsy Ross, (Conard & Jones Co.) soft pink, foliage green.

Cherokee, (Conard & Jones Co.) dark maroon, form similar to Black Prince;

foliage light green.
Cinnabar, (Ward) habit similar to Sam Trelease. Color cinnabar red with

gold edge; flowers round; jjlant vigorous.
Little Jim, (Henderson) orange scarlet, edged yellow; dwarf.
Niagara, (Conard & Jones Co.) crimson, bordered and indented deep yellow;

dwarf, foliage green.
Pennsylvania, (Conard & Jones Co.) scarlet, tall grower, large flowers.
Queen of Holland, (Conard & Jones Co.) flowers deep orange, foliage purple.
Striped Beauty, (Conard & Jones Co.) bufT yellow or creamy white^ finely

striped with crimson; dwarf.

CARNATIONS.

Admiral Cervera, (Resold) yellow variegated.

Avondale, (Hill) (Raised by Stuart & Hough) bright pink sport from Ar-

mazindy.
Beau Ideal, (Pierce) light pinlc.

Bon Homnie Richard, (Chicago Carnation Co.) white.
California Gold, (Hill and Craig) (Raised by Sievers) yellow with scarlet

stripes.
Dorothy, (Hill) (Raised by Mrs. E. T. Grave) pink.
Egypt, (Weber) crimson.
Elma, (Baur) Daybreak pink.
Floriana, (Fillow & Banks) pink.
Goethe, (Besold) light pink.

Golden Beauty, (Ward) lemon yellow, tinged pink at edge of petals.
Governor Roosevelt, (Ward) crimson.

SOCIETY OF AMErtlCAN FLORISTS. 135

Goodenough, ( Littlefield) white.

Guardian Angel, (Schmitz) pink.

Hoosier Maid, (Rasmussen) white.

Irene, (Crabb & Hunter), Albertini x Daybreak, pink.

Lorna, (Dorner) improved White Cloud.

Mermaid, (Dorner) salmon pink.

NorwaVj (Weber) Avhite.

Nydia, (Chicago Carnation Co.) white striped salmon.

Novelty, (Ward) lemon yellow, edged pink.

Prolifica, (Chicago Carnation Co.) cerise pink.

Prosperity, (Dailledouze Bros.) white overlaid with pink, mottled, deepening

to centre; very large.
Queen Louise, (Dillon) white.
Sunbeam, (Chicago Carnation Co.) flesh pink.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Aileen, Pomp., (May) lilac pink.

Argentia, Mizpah seedling, (Smith) white, single, very dwarf.

Brutus, Ref., (May) bright red, shaded with orange.

Chestnut Hill, (May) bright yellow seedling from H. W. Rieman.

Gallia, Pomp., (May) pink.

Garda, Pomp., (Smith) white, dwarf.

Golden Beauty, (Hill) (Raised by John Hartje) yellow.

lolantha, Inc., (Smith) soft pink, early.

Klondike, Pomp., (May) brilliant yellow.

Lady Roberts, (Hill) white.

Lula, Pomp., (May) white.

Malcolm Lamond, (Niven and Hill) red.

Mary Hill, (Hill) (Raised by H. W. Rieman) bright pink.

Miss Ada Williams, Pomp., (May) white, flushed, slightly laced violet.

Mrs. W. B. Chamberlain, (May) pink, petals reflexed with incurved tips.

Mrs. Elmer D. Smith, Jap. Inc., (Smith) deep yellow, dwarf.

Nita, Pomp., (Smith) pink.

Novia, Pomp., (Smith) Daybreak pink.

Nydia, Pomp., ( Smith ) white.

Omega, ( Smith ) V. Morel type, yellow.

Prosperity, Pomp., (Manda) white.

Phallena, M. s., (Smith) magenta pink, double.

Quinola, Pomp., (May) orange yellow, exhibited as "No. 80."

Reto, Pomp., (Smith) bright rose.

Rosina, M. s., (Smith) light pink, single.

Timothy Eaton, (Hill and Craig) (Raised by Miller & Sons) creamy white.

Vera, Pomp., (Smith) white, flushed.

Yezo, Pomp.j (Smith) blush.

Zenta, PomiJ., (Smith) crimson maroon.

Zerofl, M. s., (Smith) yellow, single, very dwarf.

126 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Yanariva, Ref., (May) V. Morel form, blush, center deeper.
Zampa, (May) old gold, reverse strawberry red, lower petals tubular, balance
flat reflexed.

GERANIUMS.

Eben E. Rexford, (Eichholz) light pink, white eye, single, dwarf.
Dr. E. A. Hering, (Eichholz) scarlet overlaid with red, single, dwarf.

ROSES.

Climbing Marie Guillot, (Dingee & Conard Co.) sport from Marie Guillot.
Crimson Roamer, (Manda) Bardou Job x Jersey Beauty: crimson: exhibited

as Improved Pink Roamer.
Helen Gould, H. T. (Dingee & Conard Co.) Kaiser in Augusta Victoria x

Mme. Caroline Testout; crimson.
Improved Universal Favorite, H. W. (Manda).
Lady Joy, (Nanz & Neuner) American Beauty x Belle Siebreclit. Crimson,

deeper than American Beauty. Very large and fragrant.
Pan-American, H. T. (Henderson) American Beauty x Mme. Carolitie Tes-
tout; soft red under glass, lighter in open ground.
Pink Pearl, H. W. (Manda) Meteor x Wichuraiana; buds crimson, flowers

pearl pink, double, fragrant.
Queen of Edgely, (Floral Exchange) pink sport from American Beauty.
Robert Scott, H. T, (Scott) H. T. Merveille de Lyon x Belle Siebrecht; rosy

pink, shading to flesh on outside petal.
Soliel d'Or, (Pernet Ducher) Persian Yellow x Antoine Duchor; double,

chrome yellow, streaked orange, red and pink.
White Star, (Manda) Jersey Beauty x Manda's Triumph; white, foHage

bronzy.

SWEET PEAS.

Apple Blossom, (Burpee) Cupid section.

Captain of the Blues, (Burpee) Cupid section.

Giant Flower, (Chamberlain) Cupid section.

Improved Christmas, (Zvolanek) pink and white.

Miss Helen M. Gould, (Zvolanek) white, edged light pink.

Royalty, (Burpee) Cupid section.

Stella Morse, (Burpee) Cupid section.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Butea frondosa, India, (Reasoner Bros.)

Cable Mango from Jamaica, (Reasoner Bros.)

Calpurnea lasiogyne. Natal, (Reasoner Bros.)

Dahlia Harlequin, Fan., (Burpee) (Raised by Bassett) dwarf, crimson with

white stripe through each petal.
Dahlia Salmon Queen, Dec, (Burpee) (Raised by Peacock); salmon, deeper

toward center, petals long-pointed.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127

Dalbergia sp., Cashmere, (Reasoner Bros.)

Erythrina vespertilis, India, (Reasoner Bros.)

Furcraea tuberosa, Costa Rica, (Reasoner Bros.)

Garcinia Livingstoni, from Africa, (Reasoner Bros.)

Guilielma utilis, Costa Rica, (Reasoner Bros.)

Heliantlius tuberosus variegatus, (Manda) sport, with white variegated

foliage.
Hedychium gracile, var. glauca, (Reasoner Bros.)
Juniper Rosedale hybrids, (Baker Bros.)
Kaempferia Ethelae, Natal, (Reasoner Bros.)
Livingstonia Mariae, Australia, (Reasoner Bros.)
Monarda hybrida lilacina pallida, (Manda) light mauve.
Monarda hybrida lilacina, (Manda) lilac.
Monarda lilacina carminea, (Manda) crimson.
Naravelia Zeylanica, Ceylon, (Reasoner Bros.)
Pandanus Sander i, (Dreer) Variegated pale yellow.
Pittosporum viridiflorum. The Cape, (Reasoner Bros.)
Pinu3 Canaiiensis, Canaries, (Reasoner Bros.)
Pinus Halapensis, Palestine, (Reasoner Bros.)
Pinus Massoniana, Japan, (Reasoner Bros.)
Phlox Pink Beauty, (Rea) clear pink.
Pteris marginata, Hawaii, (Reasoner Bros.)
Sterculia fulgens, India, (Reasoner Bros.)
Turraea heterophylla. Upper Guinea, (Reasoner Bros.)
White Pineapple from Costa Rica, (Reasoner Bros.)

128 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

STATE LAWS REGARDING INSPECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF

NURSERY STOCK.

The following is a brief synopsis of the horticultural laws and the rules
and regulations of the several States and Territories having special reference
to the inspection, certification and transportation of nursery stock.

Further information can be obtained of various authorities whose ad-
dresses are given, or of the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the various
States.

Alaska. — There are no regulations concerning the transportation of nur-
sery stock.

Fred. E. Rader, Acting Special Agent in charge of Alaska Investigations,
Sitka, Alaska.

AxABAJiA. — There is no law governing the transportation of nursery stock.

F. C. Austin, Assistant in Horticulture, Agricultural Experiment Station,
Auburn. Ala., is the authorized nursery inspector.

Arizona. — R. H. Forbes, Director Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuc-
son, Arizona, states that there is no nursery inspection law in the Territory.

Arkansas. — There is no law relative to the inspection of nursery stock.

Prof. Ernest Walker, Entomologist and Horticulturist of the State Ex-
periment Station, has inspected some nurseries for nurserymen who find it
necessary, on account of the laws in neighboring States.

California. — County boards of horticulture cause inspection of orchards,
nurseries, vegetables, vines and fruits and the owner must eradicate injurious
insect pests.

The State quarantine officer must be notified of the receipt of nursery
stock, pits, fruit or vegetables, which must be held for inspection. Any ship-
ment found infested with injurious insects or infected with plant diseases
shall be disinfected. Any shipment found infested with insects not found in
the State shall be destroyed or sent out of the State. Stock affected by "yel-
lows"' or "rosette" shall not be received, but destroyed or returned to the con-
signee.

Alexander Craw, quarantine officer, San Francisco, Cal.

Colorado, — The State Board of Horticulture shall prescribe regulations
for the prevention of diseases among fruit and fruit trees, cure, treatment and
extirpation of fruit pests and for disinfecting trees, grafts, scions and empty
fruit boxes. County inspectors must examine all shipments of nursery stock
before delivery and disinfect the same if necessary or destroy the same or
remove it from the county.

If county inspectors find any orchard, nursery, fruit packing house or
storeroom infected with injurious insect pests or diseases injurious to fruit,
trees, vines or horticultural interest, they shall notify the owner to eradicate
the same. If he shall neglect or refuse to treat or destroy as directed, he shall
be guilty of maintaining a nuisance and fined. If found guilty, the inspector
shall abate the nuisance at the expense of the owner,

Connecticut, — Trees diseased with "yellows" are declared a nuisance and
they must be destroyed. Fruit from diseased trees must not be sold.

The State Entomologist may inspect any premises suspected of infesta-
tion; he shall also inspect each nursery and grant certificates when no serious
pests are found. Any nurseryman selling stock without a certificate shall be
fined. Nursery stock shipped into the State must be accompanied by a certi-
ficate of inspection.

E. H. Jenkins, Director Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven,
Conn.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129

Delaware. — The orchards of each county of the State must be examined
at least once each year, and the remedies advised by the board against diseases
must be applied or the trees destroyed. Nurserymen are required to fumigate
all stock offered for sale or shipment.

Nurseries must be inspected each year, and if found free from disease and
insect pests, a certificate to that effect shall be granted. Copies of certificateg
must accompany all shipments.

Nursery stock shipped into the State must be accompanied by a certificate.

Wesley Webb, Dover, Del., is the authorized inspector.

Florida. — The statutes provide a penalty for knowingly selling diseased
nursery stock, but such statutes are inoperative.

H. A. Gossard, Lake City, Fla., issues certificates to nurserymen when
asked to do so.

Georgia. — Nursery stock shipped within the State must be accompanied
by a copy of certificate issued by W. M. Scott, State Entomologist, Atlanta, Ga.

Nurserymen outside of the State desiring to do business in the State must
file a copy of an accredited certificate of inspection with the Commissioner of
Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga. Upon failure to do so, stock shall be liable to
confiscation.

Idaho. — The State Board of Horticulture appoints a general State in-
spector and ten district inspectors to inspect orchards, fruit houses, etc., liable
to be infested with insect pests or plant diseases injurious to fruit, plants or
trees. If such pests are found the inspectors are empowered to disinfect the
premises or destroy infected portions of the property.

All peach, nectarine, apricot, plum, almond or other trees budded or
grafted on peach stocks grown in a district where '"peach yellows" or "peach
rosette" is known to exist, are prohibited sale or distribution in the State.

Nursery stock grown outside of the State shall not be sold or distributed
in the State until examined by the inspector, and if found diseased, shall be
disinfected.

All persons shipping fruit, trees, scions or plants into the State shall affix
a label showing the name of produce, name of shipper and locality where
grown.

Illinois.— The State Entomologist shall inspect or cause to be inspected
suspected premises, and if necessary shall treat the trees or destroy them and
disinfect the premises. Nurseries shall be inspected annually and certificates
granted, copies of which must accompany all shipments.

Shipments of nursery stock from other States must bear certificates of
inspection. Without such certificates it is imlawful for transportation com-
panies to deliver any such property before it is inspected by the State Ento-
mologist.

Prof. S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist, Urbana, 111.

Indiana. — All nurseries shall be inspected at least once a year by the
State Entomologist. The owner of infected stock shall exterminate injurious
pests and shall not ship such stock. The State Entomologist may grant cer-
tificates of inspection to nurserymen if their stock is found apparently free
from insect pests and fungous diseases, and copies of such certificates must
accompany all shipments made into the State.

Every package of nursery stock shipped into the State shall be plainly
labeled with the name of the consignee and consignor and a certificate bearing
the current year's date, signed by a State or Government inspector, showing
that the contents have been examined by him and that such stock is apparently
free from destructive insect or fungous enemies.

Prof. James Troop, State Entomologist, Lafayette Ind.

Iowa. — The State Entomologist shall inspect each year any nursery or
fruit farm where nvirsery stock is grown or offered for sale and if found appar-

130 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ently free from danoerous insect or plant disease, shall issue a certificate,
copies of which shall accompany all shipments outside of the county where
grown. It shall be unlawful to bring nursery stock into the State unless
accompanied by a proper certificate.

Prof. H. E. Summers, State Entomologist. Ames, Iowa.

liANSAS. — There is no law governing the transportation or care of nursery
stock.

Prof. E. A. Popenoe, Manhattan, Kan., has issued certificates of inspection
to enable Kansas nurserymen to ship to States having quarantine laws.

Kkntucky. — The nurseries shall be inspected once each year by the State
Entomologist, and he can require the treatment or destruction of stock
affected with insect or fungous enemies, and no such stock shall be shipped.

When the Entomologist shall find nurseries free from San Jose scale or
other insect or fiingous enemies, he shall grant to the owner a certificate to
that eflFect.

Dealers shall attach to each package shipped or delivered a signed cer-
tifi.cate stating that the whole and every part of such stock has been examined
by a State or Government Entomologist and found free from injurious insect
pests or fungous diseases.

Every package of nursery stock shipped into the State shall be plainly
labeled with the name of the consignor, the name of the consigTiee, the con-
tents, and a certificate signed by a State or Government inspector showing that
the contents have been examined and found free from insect pests and fungous
diseases.

Prof. H. Garmon, State Entomologist, Lexington, Ky.

Louisiana. — It shall be imlawful to bring into the State nursery stock,
pits or any kind of fruit growth aflfected with infectious disease or insects
injurious to the growth of fruit, or propagate the same or oiler it for sale or
distribution.

All fruit trees, etc., brought into the State shall be labeled with name of
owner or grower and the locality where grown, and shall be subject to the
inspection of the Entomologist of the State Horticultural Experiment Station.

Maine. — No law relating to transportation of nursery stock.

Maryland. — The State Entomologist and State Pathologist shall inspect
once every six months all nurseries, and if found free from destructive dis-
eases, as far as can be determined, give to the owner a certificate of inspection.

All nursery stock shipped must be accompanied by a printed copy of afore-
said certificate attached to each package.

All nursery stock grown or handled by nurserymen in the State, subject
to injurious and destructive insects or diseases, shall be fumigated by the
nurserymen owning the same, with hydrocyanic acid gas in buildings or en-
closures inspected and approved by the State otheers under tlieir direction.
Every package of nursery stock shipped into the State shall be plainly labeled
with the names of consignor, consignee and a certificate showing that the eon-
tents have been inspected by a qualified State or Government officer and that
the contents are apparently free from insect and plant diseases.

Nurserymen outside the State must file duplicate certificates with the
State Entomologist.

Certificates are issued to nurserymen and signed by A. L. Quaintance,
State Entomologist, and J. B. S. Norton, State Pathologist, College Park, Md.

Massachusetts. — There is no inspection law in Massachusetts, but the
trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural College have appointed two in-
spectors who shall insjiect nurseries when called upon. All certificates expire
July 1st next following the date of certificate.

The inspectors are Dr. C. H. Fernald, Entomologist, and Dr. H. T. Fernald,
Assistant Entomologist, of Hatch Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131

Michigan. — Whenever nursery stock is shipped into the State everjr
package shall be plainly labeled with the names of the consignor and con-
signee, the contents and a certificate showing that the contents have been
inspected by a State or (Tovernment officer and that the said stock is free from
all injurious insects or diseases.

Any person growing or ofl'ering for sale any nursery stock within the-
State shall before August 1st of each year apply to the State Board of Agri-
culture for an inspection of said stock and a license for its sale, and deposit
a fee of five dollars as a license fee for himself as principal. Such license
shall be good for one year and not transferable, and each of such persons,
principals, shall execute to the State Board of Agiiculture a bond in the sum
of one thousand dollars, conditioned that he will comply with all the pro-
visions of this act.

No person, firm or corporation resident of another State shall engage or
continue in the business of importing or selling nursery stock within the State
without having first obtained a license from the State Board of Horticulture
to do business in the State, and shall have filed the required bond, together
with a certificate of inspection by a State or Government inspector.

The State inspector is D. W. Trine, Lansing, Mich.

Minnesota. — This State has no law governing the transportation of nur-
sery stock. Certificates of inspection are issued to nurserymen by the State
Entomologist, St. Anthony Park, Minn.

Mississippi. — This State has no rules or regulations concerning the ship-
ment of nursery stock.

Missoup.i. — The fruit experiment station in south Missouri has power to
remove or destroy infested trees or orchards to prevent the spread of diseases
and pests.

Nursery stock arriving from without the State must be accompanied by
an entomologist's certificate that the stock is free from insect pests and fun-
gous diseases.

Geo. B. Ellis, Secretary State Board of Agriculture, Columbia, Mo.

Montana. — The State Board of Horticulture shall appoint an inspector
for each district, whose duty it shall be to visit the nurseries, orchards, stores,
etc., where horticultural products are kept or handled, and to see that the
regulations of the board are complied with.

It shall be the duty of every person who shall sell or deliver any nursery
stock to notify the inspector at least five days before said nursery stock is to
be delivered, giving date and the nursery or railroad station where said stock
is to be delivered, whereupon it sliall l)e the duty of the inspector to inspect
said stock, and if any of it is found infested or diseased to order its destruction.

Under rules of the board the inspector at large shall inspect and fumigate
all nursery stock growing in the State and shall have authority to issue cer-
tificates.

All nursery stock shipped into the State, before delivery to the purchaser,
shall be unpacked and fumigated at designated points of entry.

The certificate of the inspector shall exonerate the shipper and consignee
from all penalties provided by law.

Importers of nursery stock may have an inspection at any point in the
State by paying all expenses thereof.

Every person oflFering or selling and delivering nursery stock in the State
shall place on each package a label or card stating whether or not said stock
was grown in Montana or otherwise.

C. H. Edwards, Secretary State Board of Horticulture, Missoula, Mon-
tana.

Nebraska. — There is no law governing the transportation of nursery stock
or the inspection of orchards.

132 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Nevada. — There is no laAV in this State governing transportation of nur-
sery stock.

New Hampshire. — No law on horticultural subjects.

New Mexico. — Orchards, nurseries or vineyards and f)uit packing houses,
if found infested, shall be disinfected or destroyed.

There is no law governing the transportation of nurseiy stock.

New Jersey. — All gardeners, horticulturists, farmers and nurserymen
shall keep their trees and plants free from all injurious insects that might
spread upon the highways or adjoining lands.

Any nurseiyman or grower of plants for sale may require the State Ento-
mologist to examine or have examined the stock grown by him, and if no
injurious insects liable to spread are discovered, demand a certificate to that
effect.

Any nurseryman or grower of plants shipping the same into the State
shall attach to each package containing nursery stock a certificate or a copy
of a certificate from proper authoiity of the State wherein they were grown,
setting forth that they have been properly inspected not more than six months
before shipment, and have been found free from dangerous insects. Florists'
stock is exempt from this act.

Dr. J. B. Smith, State Entomologist, New Brunswick, N. J.

New York. — Every person when he becomes aware of the existence of a
dangerously injurious disease or insect pest in any tree owned by him shall
forthwith report the same to the commissioner of agriculture at Albany, New
York, requesting said commissioner to take such action as the law provides.

The commissioner of agriculture shall, (unless previously inspected by a
federal officer the same year) cause an examination to be made at least once
each year prior to September first of each and every nursery or other place
where trees, shrubs or plants, commonly known as nursery stock are grown
for sale. If, after such examination, it is found that the said trees, shrubs
or other plants so examined are free in all respects from contagious or infec-
tious disease or diseases, dangerously injurious pest or pests, he shall issue
to the owner or proprietor a certificate. All nursery stock shipped by freight,
express or other transportation companies shall be accompanied by a copy
of said certificate attached to each car, box, bale or package.

The provisions of this act shall not apply to florists' greenhouse plants,
flowers and cuttings, commonly known as greenhouse stock.

C. A. Wieting, Commissioner of Agriculture, Albany, N. Y., is authorized
by law to issue certificates to nurserymen.

North Carolina. — No person shall sell or give away any tree, shrub or
woody vine unless a license to deal in such plants has been previously obtained
from the commission. No transportation company shall deliver such nursery
stock unless it shall have affixed to such package a label, stating the name
and address of the grower, together with an official certificate, certifying that
the particular plants or the nursery in which they were grown had been
examined and found free from all dangerous insects named by the commission.

Licenses of the commissioner are divided into three classes, viz.: Class
I. Nurseries. Class II. , Dealers. Class III. Agents.

. Licenses shall be granted to nurseries only after the grounds, warehouses,
dormant and growing stock have been examined and declared free from dan-
gerous pests by the official entomologist of the commission.

Licenses to dealers shall be granted to residents of the State who shall
sign an agreement not to purchase nursery stock of any nursery or dealer
located within or without the State unless such nursery is already licensed by
the commission.

Licenses shall be only granted to agents employed by licensed nurseries
and dealers, and such principals shall be held responsible for the stock sold
by such agents.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133

Nurserymen outside the State must send their eertilicates to the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C, and 100 tags will be sent
to admit their stock.

One of these tags must be attached to each shipment.

Franklin Sherman, Jr., Entomologist, Raliegh, N. C.

Ohio. — The Board of Control of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station
or its assistants shall examine annually all nurseries in the State, and if such
nurseries appear free from said diseases the board shall give each owner of such
nursery a certificate of the facts.

Copies of said certificates must accompany all shipments of nursery stock.

Every package of nursery stock shipped into the State must be accom-
panied by a copy of an official inspection certificate. If without such certi-
ficate, it shall be unlawful to deliver such property until it has been examined
by the board or its assistants and found free from infestation or infection.
In case any such stock is fpund diseased, it shall be held subject to the order
of the shipper not exceeding ten days before being destroyed.

Dr. F. M. Webster, Entomologist, Wooster, Ohio, is the authorized in-
spector.

Oklahoma. — This Territory has no law governing the transportation of
nursery stock.

Oregon. — The State Board of Horticulture have divided the State into
five quarantine districts.

All consignees or other persons shall within twenty-four hours notify
the quarantine officer of the State board of the arrival of any trees, plants,
buds or scions at the quarantine station in the district of final destination.
Such nursery stock arriving from without the State must be inspected on
arrival at the quarantine station : and if such stock is found free from insect
pests or fungous diseases, the officer shall issue a certificate to that efTect.

All peach, nectarine, apricot, plum or almond trees, and all other trees
worked on peach roots, and all peach or other pits or cuttings, buds or scions
of such named trees grown in a district where "yellows" or "rosette" are
known to exist are prohibited importation or distribution in the State.

All persons growing nursery stock are required to have it inspected in the
months of September, October and November prior to shipment each year, by
the quarantine oflicer of his district and if found free from pests or diseases,
shall receive a certificate to that effect.

Further information may be had of the State Board of Horticulture,
Salem, Oregon.

Pennsylvania. — No person shall keep any tree, shrub or vine in any
nursery in the State, nor send out from such nursery any tree, shrub, vine or
plant affected with San Jos6 scale or other insect destructive of such stock.
The Secretary of Agriculture shall cause an examination each year of nur-
series and, if found free, the Secretary or his agent shall issue to the owner a
certificate of such examination. All nursery stock shipped must be accom-
panied by a copy of said certificate attached to each box, bale or package.

Whenever nursery stock is shipped into the State every package shall be
labeled with the name of the consignor, the name of the consignee, and a cer-
tificate showing that the contents have been inspected by a State or Govern-
ment officer.

Greenhouse stock is exempt from the provisions of this law.

John Hamilton, Secretary of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pa.

Rhode Island. — There is no horticultural law in this State and no pub-
lished rules regulating transportation of nursery stock. The State Board of
Agriculture have recently appointed an entomologist.

Fred. W. Cord, Professor of Horticulture, Kingston, R. I., has issued cer-
tificates when required.

134 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

South Carolina. — A recent law has been passed creating a board of ento-
mology, but at this writing their rules are not in hand.

A. P. Anderson, Entomologist, Clemson College, S. C.

South Dakota. — No horticultural law in this State controls transporta-
tion of nursery stock, but Prof. D. A. Saunders, Entomologist and Botanist of
the State Agricultural College, Brookings, S. D., has issued certificates to
jiurserj'men.

Tennessee. — We have not received a copy of the recent law on the trans-
portation of stock in this State. The State Entomologist is at Knoxville,
Tenn.

Texas. — There is no law in this State relating to certification or trans-
portation of nursery stock.

Utah. — Three members constitute the State Board of Horticulture, and
•€ach is assigned a district. It is made the duty of every owner of an orchard,
vineyard or nursery to disinfect the trees, vines *or nursery stock if infested
nvith any fruit destroying disease.

Any person spraying trees for hire must get a certificate from the board.

It is the duty of the board and the several inspectors to cause an inspec-
■•tion of orchards, nurseries, trees, vegetables, vines, packing houses and store-
;rooms; and if found infested with disease liable to spread, to notify the
■owners and give directions for remedy.

All persons or nurserymen shall report to the county inspectors any f6-
■ ceipt of trees from points outside the Stnte, and such inspector shall examine
all such stock as well as all stock grown or offered for sale in the State.

Secrctaiy State Board of Horticulture, J. A. Wright, Logan, Utah.

Vermont. — There is no inspection law in this State. In a few cases the
Entomologist and Horticulturist of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Bur-
lington, Vt., have inspected stock when requested to do so.

Virginia. — Growers and sellers of nursery stock shall not dispose or sell
same imless accompanied by a certificate of an inspector declaring the same
to be apparently free from dangerously injurious insect pests and plant
■diseases.

All nursery stock entering the State from without must be accompanied
by a certificate of inspection. The State Entomologist and Pathologist shall
furnish to all nurserymen in other States doing business in this State an
official tag upon request, if the certificate of inspection (of other Stales) is
found correct.

All nursery premises must be inspected at least once each year.

William B. Alwood, State Entomologist and Plant Pathologist, Blacks-
burg, Va.

Wisconsin. — The law requires that all nursery stock entering the State
shall bear a certificate that it has been properly inspected, and that it is free
from specially injurious insects or plant diseases. The inspection is in charge
of W. A. Henry, Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison,
Wis.

Wyoming. — No legislation relating to nursery stock in this State.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135

REGULATIONS OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS REGARDING IMPORTA-
TION OF AMERICAN PLANTS, TREES AND FRUITS.

From Circular No. 41, Second Series, United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Division of Eyitomology.

Tlie Department of Agriculture has for some time been collecting, with
the assistance of the Department of State, the full texts of the regulations
of those foreign governments which have, through fear of the introduction of
San Jose scale, adopted measures prohibiting the importation of American
plants and fruits or requiring inspection before admission. The series is not
yet complete, but, in view of the fall trade, it has been deemed wise to issue
a brief digest of those on hand, in circular form, for the information of
American exporters of this class of articles. The digests have been made
witli care, and it is hoped that they will be of some assistance.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Prohibits (decree of April 20, 1898) importation from America of living
plants, grafts and layers, and fresh plant refuse of every kind, as well as the
barrels, boxes and other coverings in which such goods or refuse may be
packed, and fresh fruit and the refuse of fresh fruit, as well as the packings
which may cover the same, when examination on frontier shall prove presence
of San Jose scale. Admission limited to Bodenbach-Tetschen, Trieste and
Fiume. Also prohibits transit of such goods through the Empire.

Importation and transit of fresh fruits, living plants and fresh parts of
plants sent from the United States can take place only by ports of Antwerp,
Ghent and Ostende, upon production of a certificate from competent authority
attesting that products are not contaminated by San Jose scale. If not accom-
panied by certificate, products cannot be delivered until inspected, and, if
not exempt, must be destroyed with packings ; cost of all service at expense of
importer. Order goes into effect March 15, 1899. Does not apply to ship-
ments in direct transit by railway under supervision of customs authorities.

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

Rules and regulations, published June 25, 1897 (under authority of
"Horticultural Board Act, 1894"), provide that all importers of nursery
stock, trees, plants or fruit must give notice upon arrival, and before removal
from wharf or station, to a member of the board or to the inspector of fruit
pests, who shall inspect the same and, if clean, issue a certificate which shall
be good for three months, unless revoked by further inspection. Nursery
stock found to be infected shall be disinfected or destroyed. Fruit found to
be infected shall be destroyed or reshipped.

Prohibits (San Jose scale act, 18th March, 1898) importations of nursery
stock from United States, Australia, Japan and Hawaii. Stock so imported
to be destroyed and importer liable to penalty prescribed by section 6 of cus-

136 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

toms tariff ($200 for each offense).
Exempts :

1. Greenhouse plants.

2. Herbaceous perennials.

3. Herbaceous bedding plants.

4. All conifers.

5. Bulbs and tubers.
Amended (April 7, 1900) :

So as to authorize importations from April 7 to May 15, through customs
ports of St. John, N. B. ; St. Johns, Quebec; Niagara Falls and Windsor,
Ontario, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, only, where they will be thoroughly fumi-
gated with hydrocyanic-acid gas.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

Regulations published March 25, 1896, under authority of act No. 9,
dated 1876, prohibits importation of any stone-fruit tree, or any fruit, scion,
cutting, graft, root, or seed, the growth or produce thereof, from the United
States, and any one importing such article as aforesaid shall be subject to a
fine not exceeding £100 sterling or six months' imprisonment, and, in addition,
the articles will be destroyed.

Prohibits (decree of November 30, 1898) entrj^ into and passing through
France of trees, shrubs, products of nurseries, cuttings and all other plants or
parts of living plants, as well as fresh dgbris from them, from United States,
directly or in storage, as well as cases, sacks, etc., used for packing. Also
prohibits fresh fruit and debris, when examination proves presence of insect
at entry into France.

Prohibits (decree of February 5, 1898) importation of living plants and
parts of living plants from America, and barrels, boxes, etc., used for packing.
Also fresh fruit or fresh parts of fruit when examination at port of entry
shows presence of San Jose scale. Imperial chancellor authorized to gi'ant
exceptions.

Amended (commercial agreement of July 10, 1900) by annulling regula-
tion providing that dried or evaporated fruits from Unified States be inspected.
Such fruits now admitted without other charge than customs duties.

NETHERLANDS.

Prohibits (decree of May 23, 1899) importation and transit, direct or
indirect, of live trees and shrubs, or live parts thereof, produced in America,
including boxes, casks, baskets, sacks, vessels and other articles used for
packing, unless accompanied by certificate issued by consular ofl&cer of Neth-
erlands or competent authority in port of shipment, and objects shall not be
landed unless certificate is satisfactory to receiver of import duties. Excep-
tions : ( a ) Importations from countries bordering on the Netherlands in which
measures have been taken for combating the San Jos6 scale, (b) Importa-
tions for scientific purposes, (c) To meet requirements of frontier com-
merce.

NEW ZEALAND.

Prohibits (Act of 1896) importation of fruit of any kind infested with
fruit-flies. Fruit infested with codling moth will be destroyed unless imme-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137

diately reshipped. Fruit, plants, trees, cuttings or buds infested with any
scale insect will be admitted only when accompanied by certificate. Otherwise
it will be fumigated at expense of importer or destroyed.

Imported fruit admitted only at Blufi', Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington
and Auckland.

Live plants admitted only at Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington and
Auckland.

Fumigation performed only at Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington and
Auckland.

SWITZERLAND.

Prohibits plants; prohibits importation of fresh fruit from America,
except through Customs Bureau at Basle, where it is subject to an examina-
tion by an expert for San Jose scale or other parasites. No restrictions to
direct importation of dried fruits.

A note from the Minister of Foreign Afi'airs to the United States Minister
at Constantinople, dated October 18, 1899, states that the Imperial Govern-
ment has decided to interdict the importation of trees, plants and fruits com-
ing from the United States.

L. 0. Howard. Entomologist.

Approved: James Wilson, Secretary.

Washington, D. C, August 24, 1900.

SPECIAL EXPRESS RATES ON PLANTS, BULBS, SEEDS, ETC.

The following is a copy of the revised classification now in force
among the principal companies. It will be seen that plants com-
pletely crated are put on the same footing as those completely boxed:

•Plants — Completely boxed or crated — ^general special rate.

Between points where no general special is in force, plants packed as
above may be taken at 20 per cent, less than merchandise rates, pound rates,
minimum charge 35 cents for each company carrying, prepaid or guaranteed.

•Completely enclosed in baskets, and so packed that they may be stowed
with other freight without injury to the plants, pound rates, minimum 35
-cents — merchandise rate.

Plants not packed as above double merchandise rate.

*RooTS — For planting, completely boxed and packed so that they may be

handled without extra care — general special rate.

Between points where no general special is in force, roots packed as above
may be taken at 20 per cent, less than merchandise rates, pound rates, mini-
mum charge of 35 cents for each company carrying, prepaid or guaranteed.

•Completely enclosed in baskets, and so packed that they may be stowed
with other freight without injury to the roots, pound rates, minimum 35
cents — merchandise rate.

138 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SPORTS.
THE SHOOTING CONTEST.

The shooting contest took place on Thursday afternoon at the grounds of
the Audubon Gun Club. Three teams entered — Philadelphia, Cleveland and
Buffalo. Twenty-five birds were shot at. Following is the score:

Philadelphia.

Wm. K.Harris 15

G. Anderson 19

John Burton 22

Edward Reid 19

C. D. Ball 15

A. B. Cartledge 17

Total 107

Cleveland.

F. Beard 18

H. Altick ; IS

E. Hippard 18

E. Stevens 13

J. Eadie 20

C.Graham 13

Total 100

Buffalo.

J. Braik 8

Wm. Scott 15

G. Troup 9

W. F. Kasting 4

W. B. Scott 6

D. J. Scott 6

Total 48

Individual scores: H. Weber 7, E. Hippard 20, E. Reid 19, W. B. Scott 8,
A. Klokner 7, G. Anderson 21, W. Scott 12, E. Steffens 14, A. B. Cartledge 19,
C. D. Ball 15, C. Reisch 5, G. Craig 11, H. Altick 19, J. Braik 10, G. Troup 14,
J Burton 22 G. McLean 8, H. Graham 16, G. W. McClure 7, D. Scott 1, W.
K. Harris 15, J. Eadie 19, A. L. Brown 10, F. Beard 13, Schoenhut 1.

John Burton captured the first prize in this contest, a 22 calibre Winches-
ter repeating rifle, value $25, donated by Wm. J. Palmer. George Anderson
won second prize, a pair of gold sleeve links, value $10, donated by C. H.
Keitsch. The third prize was won by E. Hippard, a box of 100 cigars donated
by Wm . Legg.

In the competition for doubles the following scores were made:

W. K. Harris 10, A. B. Cartledge 13, C. D. Ball 11, E. Reid 13, J. Burton
12, G. Anderson 18, W. Scott 11, J. Braik 3, E. Hippard 8, E. Stetfens 4, F.
Beard 14, H. Altick 14, J. Eadie 8, G. Troup 5, H. Graham 12, Braik 8
Brown 5.

The shoot off for second prize was won by F. Beard.

Wm. Scott offered a box of cigars for the highest score made by a Buffalo
shooter. It was won by J. Braik with a score of six out of a possible ten.

Refreshments were provided by the Buffalo Club, a large attendance being
present.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139

THE BOWLING CONTEST.

By the kind courtesy of The Florists' Exchange, a complete reproduction
of tlie score board is lierewith presented to the readers of this volume. The
team contests tooli place at Germ an- American Alleys, and the individual com-
petition at Voght's Alleys. Bowling began promptly at 9 a. m. The only
deviation from former tournaments was that each team rolled its three con-
secutive games, wliich helped much toward getting through in good time and
allowed those who had finished to depart if they chose.

Subjoined is a list of the prizes, with the various winnei's:

The Lord & Burnham Cup, for highest grand total in the three games.
Won by Philadelphia with 2, .560 pins.

The Hitchings & Co. Cup, for the highest score in the three games. Won
by New York, score 883 pins.

Queen of Edgely Cup, for highest total in the first two games. Won by
Chicago, with 1,698 pins. This trophy is now the property of the Chicago
team, having been won by it twice in succession.

The Detroit Trophy, for the highest score in any one game. Won by New
York with a score of 883 pins.

F. R. Pierson Cup, for highest aggregate score in any one game. Won by
W. Gibson, of Philadelphia, whose three scores aggregated 523 pins.

Mr. Gibson also won the Kastiug prize, a gold fountain pen, for the high-
est individual score in any one game, his record being 213 pins.

The Scott prize, an opera glass, for second highest aggregate in three
games, was captured by A. Y. Ellison, of St. Louis, with a total of 485.

The prize for the third highest aggregate score in the three games, a silk
umbrella, donated by George McClure, was won by R. Halliday, of Baltimore,
with a score of 483 pins.

The Hewson prize, value $7, for the greatest number of strikes in three
games, was captured by Wm. Gibson, who had 14 to his credit.

The prize, value $7, donated by William C. Beuchi, for the greatest number
of spares in three games, was won by F. W. Lentz, of New York, with 17
spares.

THE INDIVIDUAL CONTEST.

First prize, a specially made mowing machine, with weed cutting attach-
ment, value $20, donated by the Coldwell Manufacturing Co., of Newburg,
N. Y. Won by John Burton, with a score of 181.

Second prize, field glass, donated by W. A. Adams. Captured by David .J.
Scott, score 166.

Third prize, 100 cigars donated by .J. C. Devine. Won by J. J. Hess, score
160.

Fourth prize, a meerschaum pipe, value $7, donated by C. Guentber. Won
by J. H. Rebstock, score 155.

A challenge game for $25 was later played between Buffalo and Chicago,
three men on each side, the Buffalonians winning out. Chicago was repre-
sented by Asmus, Foerster and Stollery, and Buffalo by W. B. Scott, Kasting
and Risch.

The various prizes were presented by Wm. Scott in his usual graceful
manner.

As a fitting conclusion to an enjoyable affair, a social time was had by
those remaining to the end. W. F. Kasting acted as toastmaster, and speech,
song and story whiled away the time until the midnight hour was reached.

140 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

A PRESENTATION TO THE PRESIDENT.

On Friday afternoon President O'Mara was made the recipi-
ent of a handsome gold watch and chain. The presentation, on
behalf of the hundreds of warm friends in the Society, was made
by ex-President Wm. Scott, at the railroad station in Niagara
Falls, while the visitors were preparing to take the return train to
Buffalo. Mr. Scott was in his best vein and aptly wove sincere
praise and humorous allusions into his remarks as he told Mr.
iG'Mara how much he had endeared himself to the members of
the Society and expressed the hope that he might live many years
to enjoy the gift.

Upon stepping forward to accept the present. President
O'Mara was welcomed with prolonged cheers and was frequently
interrupted with appreciative applause. He expressed, in elo-
quent words, his thanks, and rejoiced at the hopeful and inspiring
conditions now surrounding the Society to which his best efforts
had been so earnestly devoted, not only as its presiding officer,
but during all the years of his membership, and appealed to the
members present to stick together and work unitedly for the
good of the Society and the principles it represents.

Ex-Presidents Graham, Hill, Dean and Rudd and Messrs.
Zeller, Westcott, Ewell and other well-known speakers also made
brief remarks until the delightful occasion was brought to a finish
by the arrival of the cars and the cry of "All aboard!"

Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141

f FLORISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The following reports of the Secretary and Treasurer of the
Florists' Hail Association were read at the annual meeting, and were
received and approved of b}' the members present :

John T. Temple and Wm. Scott were elected Directors to succeed
themselves. At a meeting of the Board of Directors, held after the
adjournment of the annual meeting, the following officers were
elected: J. C. Yaughan, President; E. G. Hill, Vice-President; John
0. Esler, Secretary, and Albert M. Herr, Treasurer. J. C. Vaughan,
Albert M. Herr and John G. Esler were appointed a committee to
invest surplus funds.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

On the first day ot August, 1901, the 1,020 members comprising the Flor-
ists' Hail Association of America insured an aggregate of 14,541,382 square
feet of glass, subdivided as follows: Single thick, 3,320,561 square feet; double
thick, 7,696,162 square feet; single thick, extra one-half, 369,007 square feet;
double thick, extra one-half, 809,330 square feet; single thick, extra whole
insurance, 869,263 square feet; double thick, extra whole insurance, 2,066.228
square feet.

The receipts for the year ending August 1, 1901, have been, from eleventh
assessment, $8,398.50: from n6w business, as per Treasurer's report, $1,905.03;
from interest on investments, $291 ; from re-insurance of glass broken by hail,
$65.77. Total receipts for the year, $10,660.30.

The Treasurer has paid $5,328.55 for losses during the year; for expenses,
$1,480.79; for investment on account of the reserve fund, $1,000, making a
total of $7,809.34.

The cash balance on hand at the close of the year, $9,674.40, of which
$944.45 belongs to the reserve fund, and leaving $8,729.95 available for use in
the emergency fund.

The reserve fund of the Florists' Hail Association now consists of $7,600,
invested as per Treasurer's report, and $944.45 cash in hand, making the total
reserve fund August 1st, 1901, $8,544.45.

Glass belonging to members to the extent of 42,218 square feet of single
thick and 28,174 square feet of double thick was broken by hail during the
past year, and paid for by the Florists' Hail Association.

142

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Since the first day of June, 1887, the Florists' Hail Association has paid
510 losses, involving an expenditure of over $45,000.

STATES.

9 00 •
O rt o

bo

6 2 o

Maine 3

Vermont 3

New Hampshire 7

Rhode Island 3

Connecticut 7

Massachusetts 10

New York 74

New Jersey 47

J*ennsylvania 56

Delaware 2

Ohio 45

Indiana 15

Illinois 62

Michigan 12

Wisconsin 23

Minnesota 23

Iowa 41

Missouri 45

Kansas 46

Nebraska 31

Arkansas 2

Colorado 29

North Dakota 6

South Dakota 8

Montana 1

Wyoming 3

Maryland 8

Virginia 2

West Virginia 11

North Carolina 4

Kentucky S

Georgia 3

Texas 6

Louisiana 2

Tennessee 2

Florida 1

Mississippi 1

Oklahoma Territory 7

Indian Territory 1

District of Columbia 4

Canada 2

New Mexico 2

°a<!

6 2 o

K» tL- ^^

11

8
28

1
34

9
48

4
25
21
51
75
69
39

39
1

4

3

3
1
3
1

4

2 SP
II .

to *> f^H

."3 o

1
1

4

9

10

5

3

8

2

4
5

7
7
4

ed.S
C .

CO

^ =«

*-2

bo

3

4
10

3
10

6
15

2

7

1
11

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143

The Secretary especially requests that members furnish him with infor-
mation concerning all hailstorms in their vicinity, Avhether they are personally
interested or not, as such information will materially assist in the compila-
tion of statistics.

Your Secretary is also pleas^ed to report that the Florists' Hail Associa-
tion is now exempt from internal revenue taxation. He also requests that
members use greater care in making proofs of loss. The Florists' Hail Asso-
ciation pays promptly when proofs are properly prepared, but inaccuracies
cause delay in the payment of claims.

The usual increase in business has been maintained during the past year,
which can be considered a manifestation of continued confidence on the part
not only of the members, but of the trade at large.

John G. Esleb, Secretary.

REPORT OF TREASURER.

RECEIPTS.

Interest on Certificates of Deposit $96 00

Interest on Government Bond 15 00

Interest on Chicago Bond 20 00

Interest on Orvil Township Bond 50 00

Interest on Tri-State Certificate 110 00

Received from Eleventh Assessment 8,398 50

Received from Membership Fees 726 58

Received from New Assessments 487 27

Received from Additional Assessments 308 71

Received from Extra One-half Assessments 74 20

Received from Extra AVhole Assessments 308 27

Received from Reinsurance 65 77

Total $10,660 30

DISBURSEMENTS — LOSSES.

Aug. 3, 1900. Arthur R. Williams, Rochester, Minn $53 80

Aug. 3, Ed. Quinn, Springfield, Mo 124 29

Aug. 10, J. O. Zimmerman, Pueblo, Colo 38 53

Aug. 27, Lansdale Mushroom Co., Lansdale, Pa 54 95

Aug. 27, Luis Zadina, South Omaha, Neb 4 00

Sept. 1, Amos N. Rohrer, Strasburg, Pa 10 70

Sept. 1, Mrs. Margaret Ballard, Perry, Iowa 19 95

Sept. 1, B. Haas, Omaha, Neb 21 87

Sept. 11, Mrs. S, H. Gagley, Abilene, Kan 3 20

Sept. 11, Brewster & Williams, Grand Island, Neb 37 00

Sept. 11, Frank Burtenshaw, Beardstown, 111 5 15

Sept. 11, H. M. Humfeld, Frankfort, Ind 9 85

Sept. 11, Wm. Murphy, Cincinnati, Ohio 7 53

144

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Sept. 13, H. B. Weaver & Bro., Wheatland Mills, Pa $40 46

Sept. 22, E. Corbin, Grand Island, Neb 3 6«

Sept. 26, Peterson Bros., Omaha, Neb 18 10

Oct. 29, Henry J. Purvogel, St. Paul, Minn 18 61

Dec. 5, F. G. Francke, St. Paul, Minn 4 48

Dec. 5, C. Bussjaeger, St. Paul, Minn 3 93

April 2, 1901. Mrs. H. Stauffer, Olney, 111 27 09

June 3, John M. Walters, St. Louis, Mo 17 43

June 4, Mrs. Cal. Richardson, Waverly, 111 119 96

June 4, J. W. Hargrave & Co., Hiawatha, Kan 102 63

June 8, Samuel Muntz, Dubuque, Iowa 6 25

June 8, Chas. A. Juengel, St. I^ouis, Mo 12 70

June 8, Bell Miller, Springfield, 111 453 45

June 8, Southwestern Florist Co., St. Louis, Mo 25 70

June 11, Robert McPheron, Litchfield, 111 5 50

June 15, Andrew Meyers, St. Louis, Mo 9 30

June 15, Frank Shaffer, Pana, 111 3 72

June 15, Henry Johann, Collinsville, 111 11 40

June 15, Raymond Miller, Abilene, Kan 12 30

June 17, Fred Huke, St. Louis, Mo 30 65

Juue 17, Brown & Canfield, Springfield, 111 158 38

June 17, Fred Berning, St. Louis, Mo 50 08 .

June 17, Joseph Wolf, Sparta, Wis 3 10

June 17, W. H. Kruse, St. Louis, Mo 7 00

June 17, J. F. Windt, St. Louis, Mo 35 00

June 21, W. H. Searing, Greely, Colo 41 55

June 21, Hunt & Marsh, Wichita, Kan 25 90

June 24, W. J. Hesser, Plattsmouth, Neb 51 44

June 27, Isaac Miles, Oshkosh, Wis 109 64

June 27, C. E. Carbines, Wadsworth, Ohio 3 65

June 27, Henry Meyer, Council Bluffs, Iowa " 54 68

June 27, J. F. Wilcox, Council Bluffs, Iowa 1,316 12

June 27, J. J. Thomas, Pueblo, Colo 62 70

June 27, James Frost, Greenville, Ohio 167 60

June 27, Fred Buseh, Minneapolis, Minn 238 56

June 27, C. E. Paris, Pueblo, Colo 38 20

June 27, Henry Bachman, Minneapolis, Minn 266 84

June 27, Nelson H. Reeves, Minneapolis, Minn 14 98

June 28, E. G. Donley, Pueblo, Colo 104 20

July 5, J. Baldwin, Lafayette, Ind 6 85

July 5, Jacob Hartman, Mgr., Minneapolis, Minn 31 78

July 5, R. S. Barrett, Louisville, Ky 10 34

July 5, Mrs. M. J. Heite, Merriam, Kan 160 26

July 5, Jacob Tobler, Kansas City, Mo 17 28

July 5, Newton Lumber Co., Pueblo, Colo 51 00

July 5, Thomas Hicks, Auburn, N. Y 70 35

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

]45

July 5, Nelson Jarrett, Drakeniore, Mo $24 20

July 5, Richard Foirest, Washington, Pa 19 20

July 5, W. J. Barnes, Kansas City, Mo 43 18

July 5, Alfred Patrick, Auburn, N. Y 46 40

July 5, Henry Kingston, Council Blutts, Iowa 13 00

July 9, M. A. Hunt Floral Co., Terre Haute, Ind 98 42

July 9, Chas. Laundy, Westport, Mo 24 78

July 9, Warrendale Floral Co., St. Paul, Minn 32 52

July 9, J. O. Zimmerman, Pueblo, Colo 40 64

July 9, W. S. Pvitter, Lincoln, 111 166 32

July 9, A. Blankenfeld, Kansas City, Mo 88 90

July 12, John Monson, Minneapolis, Minn 46 62

July 12, J. L. O'Quinn, Ealeigh, N. C 22 87

July 12, W. M. Havard, Rosedale, Kan 15 62

July 12, L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn 32 69

July 15, Mrs. Fred Flister, Oshkosh, Wis 6 70

July 15, Dr. 0. Martin, Westport, Mo 44 10

July 15, Carl Ambruster, Auburn, N. Y 4 28

July 18, Anchorage Rose Co., Anchoriige. Ky 11 64

July 18, Chas. Raynor, Anchorage, Ky 14 20

July 21, Isaac Layer, Tacony, Pa 28 05

July 21, Mrs. A. Sauer, Rosedale, Kaix 33 45

July 21, Edward Bunyar, Rosedale, Kan 55 15

Total $5,328 55

EXPENSES AND INVESTMENTS.

Aug. 10, 1900. Gardening Co., advertising $6 00

Sept. 1, G. B. Weatherhead, advertising N. Y. Souvenir.. 12 50

Sept. 7, Lancaster Trust Co., Certificate of Deposit for

Investment 1,000 00

Sept. 11, J. C. Vaughan, envelopes 50

Sept. 11. A. T. De La Mare, printing reports 16 25

Sept. 13, American Florist, advertisement 10 00

Sept. 26, A, T. De La Mare, printing blanks, etc 12 01

Oct. 29, A. T. De La Mare, printing notices, etc 21 26

Nov. 24, Lancaster Trust Co., box rent 5 00

Dec. 5, Albert M. Herr, part salary •: 100 00

Dec. 5, N. Y. Envelope Co., envelopes 6 18

Jan. 1, 1901. A. T. De La Mare, printing envelopes 4 65

Jan. 1, J. G. Esler, part salary 250 00

Jan. 1, Lancaster Trust Co., check book 10 00

Feb. 18, John G. Esler, postage and revenue stamps 31 54

March 27, John G. Esler, postage and revenue stamps and

express to Washington 18 10

March 27, John G. Esler, revenue stamps 45 00

146 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

March 30, A. T. De La Mare, printing stationery $3 00

April 2, F. J. Faesig, printing stationery 2 75

April 11, F. J. Faesig, printing stationery 3 50

May 3, A. T. De La Mare, printing stationery 2 50

May 4, A. T. De La Mare, printing stationery 4 00

June 13, A. T. De La ]\lare, printing stationery 15 75

June 27, Florists' Publishing Co., advertising 15 00

June 27, American Gardening, advertising 7 50

July 5, Florists' Exchange, advertising 15 00

July 5, American Florist, advertising 15 00

July 5, Gardening Co., advertising 7 50

July 9, John G. Esler, postage and revenue 29 73

July 12, Dan. B. Long, advertising in Buffalo Souvenir. ... 10 00

July 12, Albert M. Herr, balance of salary 188 00

July 12, J. C. Vaughan, salary 108 00

July 12, John G. Esler, balance of salary 470 00

July 12, J. C. Vaughan, postage for the year 4 00

July 12, A. M. Herr, postage for the year 30 57

Total $2,480 79

RECAPITULATION.

Albert M. Herr, Treasurer, in account with the Florists' Hail Association of

America.

Dr. Cr.

To balance on hand, August 1, 1900 $6,823 44

To total receipts for the year ending Aug. 1, 1901 10,660 30

By losses paid for the year ending Aug. 1, 1901 $5,328 55

By expenses paid for the year ending Aug. 1, 1901 1,480 79

By investment on account of reserve fund 1,000 00

By balance 9,674 40

$17,483 74 $17,483 74

RESERVE FUND INVESTMENTS

Of Florists' Hail Association of America.

Certificates of deposit with Lancaster Trust Co $3,400 00

Tri-State B. and L. certificates 2,200 00

Chicago Bond, par value 500 00

U. S. Government Bond, par value 500 00

Orvil Township, N. J., Bonds 1,000 00

$7,600 00
Albert M. Herr, Treasurer.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147

AMERICAN CARNATION SOCIETY.

This Society held a meeting at 4 P. M., on Wednesday, Aug. 7, E.
(t. Hill presiding, in the absence of President Wm. G. Bertermann,
who had to return home early in the week on account of sickness. In
order to meet the requirements of the Indianapolis people it was de-
cided to change the date of the meeting to Wednesday and Thursday,
February 19 and 20, next.

The Garrett donation of $50 to the premium fund was divided into
two prizes, one of $30 and one of $20, to be awarded for fifty blooms
of any variety not yet in commerce. The Secretary was instructed to
notify the Indianapolis management that the public be not invited to
the exhibition until 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening, so as to give the
judges ample time to do their work, and afford the delegates and
members the opportunity of inspecting the exhibits during the after-
noon.

The following programme was suggested, and the gentlemen
named will be asked to prepare papers accordingly: "Electricity in
regard to Carnation Growth.'" I)y Ikving Giegrich, Michigan Agri-
cultural Experiment Station; "Sub-watering to Date, and Experi-
ments with Artificial Fertilizers,'^ by C. W. Ward, of Queens, N. Y. ;
"Sterilization of Soil for Carnations," by A. N. Pierson, Cromwell,
Conn.; "A Criticism of Growers' Methods," from the standpoint of
the commission man, by E, G. Gillett, Cincinnati, Ohio; A sugges-
tion was made to have the Grand Hotel, Indianapolis, accepted as
headquarters.

Mr. Hill said that he looked forward to a very successful meeting
and one of the finest exhibitions in the Society's history. It is likely
that the Society will have uniform vases in which to stage the various
exhibits — something that will put each exhibitor on an equal footing,
besides adding to the attractiveness of the display generally.

148 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

SPECIAL MEETING.

A special meeting of the Chrysantheninm Society of America was
held at Baltimore, Md., Feb. 22, 1901, during the American Carnation
Society meeting.

Vice-President Eugene Dailledouze occupied the chair.

John N. May announced that a special premium of $100 had
been offered to be competed for at the exhibition to be held by the
New York Florists' Club, October 21st to 28th, in the city of New
York.

It was moved, seconded and carried that the cup of the Chrysan-
themum Society of America be competed for in Ncav York City next
fall.

It was moved by James W. Withebs that the scheme adopted last
year be competed for this year. Competition to be as follows: For
ten best blooms of any one variety of chrysanthemum. Carried.

It was on motion agreed that Messrs. A. Hereington and John
N. May be a committee, with full power to act, to arrange all matters-
appertaining thereto with the New York Florists' Club.

The following were enrolled as members : W. J. Palmer, Buffalo,
N. Y. ; E. N. Peirce, Waltham, Mass. ; John Cdllen, Pencoyd, Pa. ;
Henry Eichholz, Waynesboro, Pa. ; S. J. Reuteh, Westerly, R. I. ;
Wm. Nicholson, Framingham, Mass. ; Edward J. Murchie, Sharon,.
Pa.

On motion adjourned.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Chrysanthemum Society of America
was held Wednesday afternoon, August 7, 1901, in the Convention
Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., President A. Herrington in the chair.

The minutes of the last regular meeting held at New York, August
22, 1900, were read and approved. And the minutes of the special
meeting held at Baltimore, February 22, 1901,. were also, read, where-

SOCIETY OF AMERICA^r FLORISTS. 149

apon is was moved, seconded, and carried, that that portion of the
minutes referring to the donation of $100 to be competed for under
the auspices of the Chrysanthemum Society of America, at the exhibi-
tion to be held by the New York Florists' Club in October, be ex-
punged.

The Secretary's report, setting forth the varieties certificated by
the Society last year, was adopted, which is as follows :

Of the twenty-seven varieties of Chrysanthemums exhibited be-
fore the committees of the Chrysanthemum Society of America, seven-
teen were awarded certificates.

The varieties are as follows :

lolantha, (N. Smith & Son), Jap. Inc., pink.

Omega, (N. Smith & Son), Ref. Jap., canary yellow.

Mrs. Elmer D. Smith, (N. Smith & Son), .Jap. Inc., yellow.

Mrs. Ritson, (N. Smith & Son), Ref., white sport from ViTiand-Morel. Im-
ported.

Malcolm Lamond, (The E. G. Hill Co.), Ref., crimson.

Mary Hill, (The E. G. Hill Co.), Inc., pink.

Yanariva, (John N. May), Inc., very light pink.

Mrs. VV. B. Chamberlain, (John N. May), Jap. Ref., pink.

Chestnut Hill, (John N. May), Jap. Inc., yellow.

Zampa, (John N. May), Jap. Ref., old gold, reverse strawberry red.

Brutus, (John N. May), Jap. Ref., terra cotta red.

Prosperity, (Geo. Hollis), Jap., white.

Joseph W. Cook, (John Cook), Jap. Ref., blush white.

D. Josephine, (Wm. Kleinheinz), Jap. Inc., bright yellow.

Nellie, (H. W. Rieman), Jap. Inc., creamy white.

Timothy Eaton, (Miller & Sons), Jap. Inc., white.

Golden Fame, (A. Welsing, originator; H. A. Molatsch, exhibitor), Jap.
Inc., bright yellow.

Treasurer John N. May rendered a statement of his accounts,
which was on motion referred to the P^xecutive Committee for exam-
ination.

It was moved by W. N. Eudd^ duly seconded and carried, that a
committee of three be appointed with the object in view of consulting
with the officers and Executive Committee of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists looking towards consolidat-
ing with that society; said committee to report at the next annual
meeting of the Society of American Florists, and that the Secretary

150 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

be instructed to notify the Secretary of the Society of American Flor-
ists of the action of this society. Committee appointed is as follows :
W. N. RuDD, A. Herrington^ Edwin Lonsdale.

Election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows : Presi-
dent, A. Herrington; Vice-President, Eugene Dailledouze; Treas-
urer, John N. May; Secretary, Edwin Lonsdale.

No further business appearing, the meeting on motion adjourned
subject to the call of the President.

Edwin Lonsdale, Secretary.

INVITATION TO INSPECT POWER PLANT.

City of Buffalo.
Department of Public Works,

Buflfalo, N. Y., April 3, 1901.
Wm. J. Stewart, Secy., American Florists, 79 Milk St., Boston, Mass.

Dear Sir: — Understanding that your Association will convene in Buffalo
during the coming Pan-American Exposition, I desire to convey to you my
regards, with a cordial invitation to the members of your organization ta
visit, when here, the Power Plant of the Buffalo City Water Works.

We consider our system second to none in the United States, and I am
satisfied that your associates will take great interest in such inspection. It
will also give me great pleasure to impart to the guests other information
regarding our municipality. Very respectfully,

Frank J. Illig, Superintendent,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 151

CHARTER OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS

AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS.

AN ACT, To incorporate the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists within the District of Columbia.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled. That James Dean, of Freeport,
Charles W. Ward, of Queens, William Scott, of Buffalo, and Charles Hender-
son, of New York City, all in the State of New York ; William J. Stewart,
Michael H. Norton, and Patrick Welch, of Boston, Edmund M. Wood, of
Natick, and Lawrence Cotter, of Dorchester, all in the State of Massachu-
setts ; Edward G. Hill, of Richmond, in the State of Indiana ; John N. May,
of Summit, John G. Esler, of Saddle River, Patrick O'Mara, of Jersey City,
William A. Manda, of South Orange, all in the State of New Jersey ; Benja-
min Durfee, William R. Smith, William F. Gude, and Henry Small, Jr., of
Washington, in the District of Columbia; Willis N. Rudd, of Chicago, Emil
Buettner, of Park Ridge, John C. Vaughan, of Chicago, all in the State of
Illinois ; Joseph A. Dirwanger, of Portland, in the State of Maine ; Robert
Craig, Edwin Lonsdale, W. Atlee Burpee, and John Burton, of Philadelphia,
H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, and William Falconer, of Pittsburg, all in the State of
Pennsylvania; George M. Kellogg, of Pleasant Hill, in the State of Missouri;
John T. D. Fulmer, of Des Moines, and J. C. Rennison, of Sioux City, in the
State of Iowa; L. A. Berckmans, of Augusta, in the Stale of Georgia; H.
Papworth, of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana; Elmer D. Smith, of
Adrian, and Harry Balsley, of Detroit, in the State of Michigan ; F. A. Whe-
lan, of Mount Vernon on the Potomac, in the State of Virginia; Adam
Graham, of Cleveland, in the State of Ohio; William Eraser, of Baltimore, in
the State of Maryland; John Spalding, of New London, and John Champion,
of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut ; and Charles W. Hoitt, of Nashua,
in the State of New Hampshire, their associates and successors, are hereby
created a body corporate and politic, by the name of The Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, for the development and advance-
ment of floriculture and horticulture in all their branches, to increase and diffuse
the knowledge thereof, and for kindred purposes in the interest of floriculture
and horticulture. Said association is authorized to adopt a constitution and
to make by-laws not inconsistent with law, to hold real and personal estate in
the District of Columbia, so far only as may be necessary to its lawful ends,
to an amount not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, and such other estate as
may be donated or bequeathed in any State or Territory : Provided, That all
property so held, and the proceeds thereof, shall be held and used solely for the
purposes set forth in the Act. The principal office of the association shall be
at Washington, in the District of Columbia, but annual meetings may be held
in such places as the incorporators or their successors shall determine:
Provided, That this corporation shall not be permitted to occupy any park of
the City of Washington.

Sec. 2. That Congress reserves the right to alter, amend, or repeal this
Act in whole or in part.

Approved March 3, 1901. D, B. Henderson,

William McKinley. Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Wm. p. Frye,
President of the Senate pro tempore.

163 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY

OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORNAMENTAL

HORTICULTURISTS.

Adopted May 15, 1901.

ARTICLE I.

OBJECTS.

The objects of the society are to advance the love of floriculture and
horticulture in America ; to promote and encourage the development of their
industries ; to classify their products ; to hold meetings and exhibitions; toco-
operate with the national and state governments and regularly organized
horticultural bodies in disseminating horticultural knowledge.

ARTICLE II.

OFFICERS, THEIR ELECTION AND DUTIES.

Sec. I. Officers. The officers of this society shall consist of a president,
first vice-president, secretary, treasurer and such other officers, agents and
committees as the president or executive board shall appoint, as hereinafter
provided for.

Sec 2. Elections and Appointments.

{a) The president, first vice-president, secretary and treasurer shall be
elected by ballot at the annual meeting of the society, and their term of office
shall begin with the first day of January next succeeding the election and
shall continue for one year, or until their successors are duly elected and
qualified,

{b) The president shall appoint on the first day of January of each year,
(or on the second day of January when the first falls on Sunday) two directors
to serve for a term of three years. He shall also appoint at the same time one
state vice-president from each state and territory represented in the member-
ship, to serve for a term of one year.

{c) Nominations for elective officers shall be made orally at the morning
session of the second day of the annual meeting.

(d) The secretary shall cause official ballots to be prepared according to
the " Australian " form containing the names of all candidates nominated for
the various elective offices. Balloting shall take place at the morning session
of the third day of the annual meeting. The president or presiding officer
shall appoint a committee to receive, assort and count the votes given and
report the number; the polls shall remain open from 10 a. m. to 12 o'clock
noon ; a majority of all the votes cast shall be necessary for an election ; and
the president or presiding officer shall declare who is elected.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. 1S3

(e) No person shall be allowed to vote whose dues for the current year
are unpaid, and all voters shall give satisfactory proof of their good standing
in the society, as defined by these bj'-laws, before being allowed to deposit
their ballot.

{/) No ballot shall be legal or shall be counted in the result except those
officially prepared by the society through its secretary.

{^) Vacancies in any of the offices of the society shall be filled by ap-
pointment by the president, subject to the approval of the executive board.

Sec. 3. Duties of Officers

{a) President. The president shall preside at all meetings of the society,
and exercise a general supervision of its affairs. He shall report from time to
time such measures as seem necessary for promoting its objects and extending
its usefulness. He shall annually, on the first day of January, appoint two
directors to serve for a term of three years, one botanist, one entomologist,
one vegetable pathologist, and one state vice-president for each state or
territory represented in the society ; he shall act as chairman of the executive
board at its meetings and sign all diplomas and certificates of the society.

{b) First Vice-President. In the event of the absence, resignation^
death or disability of the president — said disability to be determined by the
executive board — the first vice-president shall exercise all the authority,
privileges and power of the president. He shall be a resident of the state in
which the annual meeting is held during his term of office and shall be the
official representative of the society under the direction of the executive board
in all local preparations for said meeting.

{c) Secretary. The secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the
society and shall have charge of its papers, reports, seal, dies and medals.
He shall audit all bills against the society, receive and receipt for all fees and
annual assessments, remitting same to the treasurer, and shall give bonds for
such sum as the executive board may from time to time deem sufficient. He
shall keep an alphabetical list of all members and shall notify each member by
mail of all meetings of the society. He shall duly record the proceedings at
the meetings of the society and executive board, prepare ballots, act as editor
of such publications as are ordered to be printed and shall prepare and coun-
tersign all diplomas and certificates of the society. He shall keep a registra-
tion book, in which shall be recorded names and descriptions of new varieties
of plants under the rules of the society, application for same having been duly
made by the owner thereof, and shall give prompt public notice of each regis-
tration with the date of same in such horticultural journals as the executive
board may direct. He shall receive for his services such salary as may from
time to time be allowed by the society, and traveling expenses incurred in the
performance of his duties shall be paid bj* the treasurer.

{d) Treasurer. The treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the
society, and shall pay all bills when same have been approved by the president
and secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under the direc-
tion of the executive board and shall keep a correct record of receipts and

154 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

disbursements, rendering an account annually to the society, the same having
been duly audited at the preceding meeting of the executive board. He shall
give bonds in such sum as the executive board may from time to time deem
sufficient, the expense of furnishing such bond to be assumed by the society,
and shall receive for his services such salary as may from time to time be
allowed by the society.

(e) Directors. The directors shall attend all executive meetings as
hereinafter provided and perform such duties as devolve upon them as
members of the executive board,

(/) State Vice-Presidents. It shall be the duty of each state vice-
president to make an annual report to the society of progress and interesting
horticultural events that have occurred in his state during the preceding year,
to assist the officers in the discharge of their duties, and in general to promote
as best he can the welfare of the national society. He shall be the accredited
representative of the society at all meetings and exhibitions of importance in
his state.

ARTICLE III.

GOVERNMENT. EXECUTIVE BOARD.

Between the sessions of the society its government shall be vested in an
executive board, consisting of the president, junior ex-president, first vice-
president, secretary, treasurer, six directors, and the duly accredited delegates
of co-operative societies as hereinafter provided. A regular meeting of the
board shall be held each year about mid-Lent, at the call of the secretary,
upon such date as the president may direct, at which a programme for the
next annual meeting of the society shall be considered and adopted, a super-
intendent for the exhibition appointed, and special rules and regulations for
the management of the exhibition shall be arranged. At this meeting the
accounts of the secretary and treasurer shall be audited, appropriations made
for specific purposes and such other action taken as in the judgment of the
board may be for the welfare of the society, and any action taken by the
executive board at its meetings shall be legal and binding upon the society,
providing that it is not inconsistent with these by-laws, and provided, further,
that no expenditure or contract for expenditure in excess of $ioo for any
special purpose shall be valid until approved by vote of the society. It shall
also be the duty of the executive board to supervise the proceedings and
exhibition of the society at its annual meeting, and to this end the board shall
hold during the annual meeting daily sessions at the call of the secretary.
Special meetings of the board shall be called by the secretary on order of the
president, or request of a majority of the members of the executive board.
No business other than that stated in the notice shall be transacted at such
meeting. Seven members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the trans-
action of business at any meeting. The executive board may adopt such rules
and regulations for the conduct of their meetings and management of the
affairs of the society as they may deem proper, not inconsistent with these
by-laws. Mileage shall be allowed all members of the board in attendance

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 155

upon regular or special meetings, sessions during the annual convention alone
excepted.

ARTICLE IV.

MEMBERSHIP.

Sec. I. Eligibility. All persons interested in horticulture, professional
or amateur, and manufacturers of and dealers in horticultural supplies shall be
eligible for membership individually in this society.

Sec. 2. Fees and Assessments. The payment of $30 shall secure a life
membership in the society and exempt from all future assessments. Any
eligible person may become a member for the current year by the payment
•of $5, and such membership may be continued by the payment of an assess-
ment of $3 in advance each consecutive year. Any annual member in good
standing may become a life member by the payment of $25.

ARTICLE V.

MEETINGS.

Sec. I. Meetings. The first annual meeting of the society shall be
held at Buffalo, New York, on the first Tuesday of August, 1901, and there-
after the annual meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday of August in
each year, continuing for three days or until all business is completed, the
location of the next following meeting to be selected by ballot at the morning
session of the second day of each annual meeting.

Sec. 2. Quorum. Thirty members present shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business at any meeting.

Sec. 3. Proxy Voting. Proxy voting shall not be allowed.

Sec. 4. Order of Business. The transaction of business shall be in
the following order :

Calling to order.

President's address.

Report of secretary.

Report of treasurer.

Reports of state vice-presidents.

Reports of standing committees.

Reports of special committees.

Unfinished business.

New business.

Adjournment.
Sec. 5. Exhibitions. There shall be held, whenever practicable, in con-
nection with each annual convention, an exhibition of materials and manufac-
tures used in and products of horticulture. It shall be in charge of a super-
intendent, who shall be appointed by the executive board at its preliminary
annual meeting, and shall be governed by such rules and regulations as the
executive board shall adopt. Judges shall be appointed by the president and
secretary at least one month before the exhibition.

156 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ARTICLE VI.

RESERVE FUND.

Money accruing from life membership payments shall form a reserve
fund, the interest of which may be appropriated annually for general or
specific purposes.

ARTICLE VII.

DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS.

Whenever any donation or bequest shall be made to the society for any
specific purpose, it shall be so applied and the name of the donor and the
amount and the description of each donation shall be registered in a book kept
for the purpose. The society may, upon recommendation of the executive
board, award medals or other testimonials to donors or benefactors of the
society who have advanced its interests or promoted its usefulness.

ARTICLE VIII.

SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.

Every resolution involving an appropriation of money must be referred
to the executive board before it can be acted upon ; and it shall be the duty of
the board to report on the same at the next session after the one at which
such resolution is introduced ; provided, however, that in cases of urgency
the executive board may retire for consultation and report at the same session
at which such resolution was introduced.

ARTICLE IX.

AMENDMENTS.

The constitution and by-laws may be amended or altered at any regular
meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of such altera-
tion or amendment having been submitted to the society at a previous meet-
ing or furnished to the secretary by June ist, preceding the rtieeting, and
published in full by him in the general programme and call of the society, at
least three weeks before the annual meeting.

Society of Hmerican jFIodste anb
©rnamental Iborticulturiete j^

Organization for IQOl.

President : Treasurer :

PATRICK O'MARA, Jersey City, N. J. H. B. BEATTY, Oil City, Pa.
Vice-President : Secretary :

WM, F. KASTfNG, Buffalo, N. Y. WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Mass.

Directors.

For One Year, For Tno Years.

C. W. Ward, . Queens, N. Y. J. F. Sullivan, . Detroit, Mich.

J. F, CowELL, . . Buffalo, N.Y. A. B. Cabtledge, . Philadelphia. Pa.

Lawrence Cotter, . Dorchester, Mass. J. D. Carmody, . Evansville, Ind.

For Three Years.
Alex Wallace. . New York, N. Y.
Emil Buettnek. . Park Ridge, 111.
Tt. Witterstaettek, SedamsTille, O.

Entomologist, Prof. L. O. Howard, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Botanist Dr. N L. Britton, Botanical Garden, New York. N. Y.

Pathologist, . Prof. A. F. Woods, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Chairman of Legislative Cowwittee, . . . - . J. N. May, Summit, N. J.
Chairman of Claims Committee, .... H. A. Siebrecht, New York, N. Y.

Chairman of Committee on Sports, Jas Braik, Buffalo, N. Y.

Superintendent of Trade Exhibition, . . . Chas. H. Keitpch, Buffalo, N. Y
Plant Registration Department in Charge of Secretary.

For 1902.

President : Secretary :

JOHN BURTON, Wyndmoor, Pa. WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Mass.

Vice-President : Treasurer :

J. W. C. DEAKE, Ashevllle, N. C. H. B. BEATTY, Oil City, Pa.

Directors.

For One Year. For Two Years.

J. D. Carmody. . Evansville, Ind. Ai ex Wallace, . New York, N. Y.

A. B. Cart ledge, . Philadelphia, Pa. Emil Buettner, . Park Eidge, 111.
J. F. Sullivan. . Detroit, Mich. R. Witterstaetter, Sedamsville, O.

For Three Years.
Two Members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1902.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

15»

LIFE MEMBERS,

Ball, Chas. D., Holmesburg, Pa.

Beatty, H. B., Oil City, Pa.

Burki, Fred, Belleviie P.O., Allegheny
Co., Pa.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washing-
ton, D.C.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass.
Craig, Robt., 49th and Market Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford St.,

Charlestown, Mass.
Dean, James, Freeport, L. I., N. Y,
Dillon, J. Ij., Bloomsburg, Pa.

Esler, John G.. Saddle River, N. J.
Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland St.,Rox-
bury, Mass.

Farquhar, Jas, F. M., 26 So. Market

St., Boston, Mass.
Farquhar, J. K. M. L.,26 So. Market

St., Boston, Mass.
Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass.

Galviu, Thos. F., 124 Tremont St.,
Boston, Mass.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Gude, A., 1224 F. St., N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. St., N. W.,
Washington, D. C.

Hammond, Benj. Fishkill-on-Hudson,
N. Y.

Harris, J J.. 55th St. and Springfield
Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K., 55th St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th St. and
Springfield Ave., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet, 111.

Herrington, A., Madison, N. J.

Houghton, F, H., Hotel Berkeely,
Boston, Mass.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville, O.

Kasting, W. F., 481 Washington St.,

Buffalo, N. Y.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo.

Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum PI.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mathison, Fred R., Waltham, Mass.
Montgomery, Alex., Natick, Mass.
Murdoch, A.M., 510 Smithfield St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Newbold, Frederick R., Poughkeepsie,

N. Y.

O'Mara, Patrick, Grand St., Jersey
City, x\. J,

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke

Ave., Detroit, Mich.
Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford, N. J.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington,

D.C.
Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle, N. Y.
Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, N. Y.
Stewart, Wm. J.,79 Milk St., Boston,

Mass.

Taylor, F. W., Pan-American Exposi-
tion, Buffalo, N. Y.

Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the-
Sea, Mass.

Thome, Samuel, 43 Cedar St., New
York, N. Y.

Trudo, John Burbridge, Alderbend,
Clifton Co., N. J.

Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province St., Bos-
ton, Mass.

Welch, P., 15 Province St., Boston,
Mass.

Wood, Edmund M., Natick, Mass.

Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville,
Ohio.

160

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR J 90 J.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass.
Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa.
Albrecht, John, Pencoyd, Pa.
Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y.
Alien, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y.
Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main St.,

Dayton, O.
Ander&on, George, 5230 Woodland

Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
Atkins, F. L., Rutherford, N. J.
Armitage,Chas., 233 Mercer St., New

York, N. Y.
Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario St.,

Philadelphia Pa.
Ashmead, C .W., Box 252, Ossining,

N. Y.
Asmus, Ernst G., West Hoboken,

N.J.
Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham, N. J.
Asmus, Geo., 897 Madison Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.
Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock, Pa.

Bader, John, Allegheny, Pa.

Baird, O. L., Dixon, 111.

Baker, Phoebe A., 42 No. Orange St.,
Media, Pa.

Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn Sq.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St.,
Chicago, 111.

Barr, B. F., Lancaster, Pa.

Barry, William C, Rochester, N. Y.

Bartels, F. C.,232 Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land, O.

Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius St.,
Syracuse, N. Y.

Bartlett, Geo. S., Cincinnati, O.

Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale, 111.

Bather, John R., Clinton, la.

Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville, Ky.

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown, Md.

Baur, S. A., Erie, Pa.

Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort St., De-
troit, Mich.

Beaulieu, Henri, Woodhaven, N. Y.

Beaven, E. A., Evergreen, Ala.

Beck, Chas, National Military Home,
Montgomery Co., O.

Beckert, Charles, 95 Ohio St., E. Alle-
gheny, Pa.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield, Pa.

Bellows, Chas. A , Adamsdale, Mass.

Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive St., St.
Louis, Mo.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I., N. Y.

Benthey, F. F., 31-35 Randolph St.,
Chicago, 111.

Berger, Mrs. H. H., 47 Barclay St.,
New York, N. Y.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga.

Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges St., Mans-
field, O.

Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn.

Berry, Robert E,, Torresdale, Pa.

Bertermann, John, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bertermann, William G., Indianapo-
lis, Ind.

Bester, Henry A., 44 E. Balto. St.,
Hagerstown, Md.

Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac
St., Hagerstown, Md.

Beyer, Robt., 3619 So. Grand St., St.
Louis, Mo.

Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans Sts.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Binder, W. P., Rider, Md.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk
Ave., New London, Conn.

Bischof, Herbert, So. Broadway,
Denver, Colo.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing, Mich.

Blackmau, Wm., Evansville, Ind.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

IGl

Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H. Sts.,
N. W., Washington, D. C,

Blick, Lloyd G.^ 51 Granby St., Nor-
folk, Va.

Blind, H. L., West View, Pa.

Bock, W. A., North Cambridge, Mass.

Bock, Theo., Hamilton, Ont.

Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th St.,
New York, N. Y.

Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken, N. J.

Boone, James W., Patterson Park,
Baltimore, Md.

Bosshart, Fred, Glendale Station,
N. Y.

Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore, N. C.

Brague, L,. B., Hinsdale, Mass.

Braik, Jas., 1263 Elmwood Ave., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Brainard, D. Wm., Thompsonville,
Conn.

Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit, Mich.

Brenneman, J. D., 321 AValnut St.,
Harrisburg, Pa.

Briscoe, J. A., Detroit, Mich.

Brown, A. C, Springfield, Til.

Brown, A. L., West Mentor, O.

Brown, T. D., Adams, Mass.

Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City,
Mo.

Brown, W. L, G.,193 Cedar St., New
Bedford, Mass.

Brown, Otway, Cape May, N. .T.

Brunton, Frank, Glendale, Mass.

Bucheler, H. C, Box 94, Leetsdale,
Pa.

Buckbee, H. AV., Rockford, HI.

Buckingham, Ed. T., 236 Grand St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111.

Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart, Ind.

Bunyard, A., 409 Fifth Ave., New
York City.

Burger, Fred, 2102 Antell St., Cleve-
land, O.

Burnham, Wm. A., Irvington, N. Y.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y.

Burpee, W. Atlee, Fifth and Willow
Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Burton, John, Wyndmoor, Chestnut
Hill, Pa.

Busch, E. J., Charlotte, N. C.

Busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale Ave., So.
Minneapolis, Minn.

Butterback, N., Oceanic, N. J.

Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing-
ham, Mass.

Butz, Frank P., New Castle, Pa.

Butz, Geo. C, State College, Centre
Co., Pa.

Butz. Wm. T., New Castle, Pa.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, R. I.

Campbell, Edw., Ardmore, Pa.
Canning, J. B., 234 Smith St., Provi-
dence, R. I.
Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens, Mich.
Carlquist, S. W., Shadow Brook,

Lenox, Mass.
Carlton, H. R., Willoughby, O.
Carmichael, Donald, Wellesley, Mass.
Carmody, J. D.. Evansville, Ind.
Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes, N. Y.
Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Champion, J. N., 1026 Chapel St.,

New Haven, Conn.
Chapin, L. C, Lincoln, Neb.
Chappell, W. E., 333 Branch Ave.,

Providence, R. I.
Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry, N. H.
Chase, Chas. S., Elm St., Dighton, Mas.=.
Christie, AA'm., 904 (Jorsuch Ave.,

Baltimore, Md.
Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park, Cal.
Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston St., South

Boston, Mass.
Clark, E. W., New London, Conn.
Clark, Thos. J., Hotel Berkeley, Bos-
ton, Mass.
Clark, William, 318 E. Platte Ave.,

Colorado Springs, Col.
Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey St., New

York, N. Y. -
Clucas, R. W., 342 W. 14th St., New

York, N. Y.
Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St.,

Chicago, 111.
Coe, A. M., Coe Ridge, O.
Coe, Ernest F., Elm City Nursery Co.,

New Haven, Conn.
Coddington, L.B., Murray Hill, N. J.
Coldwell, H. T, Newbnrgh, N. Y.

162

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind.

Collins, L., Rogers Park Station, Chi-
cago, 111.

Comley, James, Lexington, Mass.

Comstock, Mrs. M. F., El Paso,
Texas.

Conant, Henry T., Salem, Mass.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove, Pa.

Connon, Chas., 27-t2 Olive St., 'St.
Louis, Mo.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwood Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles St.,
Baltimore, Md.

Coombs, John, 118 Benton St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Cotter, LavFrence, Dorchester, Mass.
I (Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott, Kan.

Cowee, Arthur, Berlin, N. Y.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin, N. Y.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Cox, G. F., Youngstovvn, O.

Cox, Thos., A.,01ney St., Dorchester,
Mass.

Crabb, G. F., Grand Kapids, Mich.

Craig, Geo., 211 So. 11th St., Phila-
delphia, Pa.

Craig, W. P., 49th and Market Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Crowe, Peter, Iltica, N. Y.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia
St., Colorado Springs, Colo.

Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Wil-
liam St., Delaware, O.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania, O.

Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, N. Y.
Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, N. Y.
Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, N. Y.
Dallas, A., 32 Fnion St., Waterbury,

Conn.
Dalton, Chas. F., Waterbury, Conn.
Daly, John C, New Durham, N. J.
Danker, Fred A., Albany, N. Y.
Davis, Jos. B., Orange, N. J.
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville, Va.

Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte St.,
Asheville, N. C.

Dean, David A., Freeport, N. Y.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl St., Boston,
Mass.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Degnan, John, .84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Dehmer, C, Newark, N, .1.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Build-
ing, New York, N. Y.

Demeusy, A., Flatbush, Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Derthick, C. B.,Main St., Ionia, Mich.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Dickinson, George E., 1 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Dilger, William, Detroit, Mich.

Dingwall, .John, Albany, N. Y.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me.

Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress
St., Portland, Me.

Ditzenberger, A., 75th St., and Fifth
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dole, Chas. L., Lockport, N. Y.

Donald, Wm., Roslindale, Mass.

Donaldson. John, Elmhurst, N. Y.

Donohue, P. J. Lenox, Mass.

Dorner, Fred, Lafayette, Ind.

Dorrance, B., Dorranceton, Pa.

Dorval, Victor S., Woodside, N. Y.

Downs, Alex., 380G Reno St., West
Philadelphia, Pa.

Drake, Foster I., 60 Appleton Ave.,
Pittsfield, Mass.

Drawiel, Chas. F., 435 Fifth Ave,,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dressel, F. H., Weehawken, N. J.

Dreyer, H., Woodside, N. Y.

Dumont, H. T., 1305 Filbert St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dunlop, J. H., 645 Lansdowne Ave.,
Toronto, Canada.

Dunn, John, 905 13th St., Detroit,

Mich.
Dupuy, Louis, Whitestone, N. Y.

Durfee, Benj., Washington, D. C.
Du Rie, W. B., Rahway, N. J.

SOCIETY 01'' AMi:i!ICAK FI.OIilSTS.

Ili3

Eadie, James, Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land, O.

Edgar, William W., Waverly, Mass.

Edlefsen, William, 349 Third St., Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Edwards. Theo. E., Bridgeton, N. J.

Eger, Wm. Chas.. Schenectady, N. Y.

Eichholz, Henry, AVaynesboro, Pa.

Eichholz, Conrad, Box 1036, Warren,
Pa.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J.

Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Eisenhart, R. M., Torresdale, I'hila-
delphia, Pa.

Elder, A., Irvington, N. Y.

Elias, Wm., Shadow. Brook Farm,
Lenox, Mass.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.

Ellis, Marcus, Keene, N. H.

Ellison, A. Y., 625 Olive St., St. Eouis,
Mo.

Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Ernest, AVm. H., 28th and M. Sts.,.
N. E., Washington, D. C.

Ernst, Otto F., Norwich, Conn.

Erwin, A. T., Agricultural College,
Ames, la.

Esler, Andrew, Saddle River, N. J.

Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind.

Farenwald, Adolph, Roslyn P. O.,
Hillside, Pa.

Falconer, D., Chatham, N. .J.

Falconer, AYm., Supt. of Parks, Pitts-
burg, Pa.

Fancourt, Geo. E., Wilkesban-e, Pa.

Feeley, James, Lenox, Mass.

Fenger, E. W., 1 Broadway, New
York, N. Y.

Ferguson, Andrew, 906 Farnsworth
Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Fetters, E. A., Cleveland, O.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel,
Tampa, Fla.

Fillmore, F.J. .Nebraska Ave., South
St. Louis, Mo.

Finley, C. E., Joliet, 111.

Fitzelle, Francis A., 26 No. Broad-
way, Yonkers, N. Y.

Flammer, Henry (J., 275 Woodward
Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Flemer, Wm., Springfield, N. J.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale, Mass.

Florey, .James, Medina, N. Y.

Flowerday, Robt., Detroit, Mich.

Folweli, F: S., Pittsfield, Mass.

Forbes, -las., Portland, Ore.

Forbes, Charles, Blackstone Boule-
vard, Providence, R. I.

Forester, .los., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Foss, Chas. E., 1782 Amherst St., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Foss, John M., Etna, Pa.

Foster, L. H., 45 King St., Dorches-
ter, Mass.

Fotheringham, .J. R., Tarrytown.
N. Y.

Foxley, .John, Bloomfield, Pitts-
burg, Pa.

Fraser, William, RuxtoD,Md.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th St. Wash-
ington, D. C.

Freytag, ilrs. J., Forest Home Ave.,
Milwaukee, AVis.

Fry, L. L., Leroy, 111.

Fulmer, J. T. D„ 910 Des .Aloines St.,
Des Moines, la.

Gaedeke, Aug, Nashua, N. H.

Gammage, AA'., 213 Dundas St., Lon-
don, Ontario.

Gardner, Richard, Newport, R. I.

Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines, 111.

Gass, Samuel, Allegheny, Pa.

Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land, O.

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
AA'ashington, 1). C.

Oause, G. R., Riahmond, Ind.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 No. Sixth St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Geller, Sigmund, 108 AY. 28th St.,
New York, N. Y.

Gentemann, C. F. AA'., Quincy, 111.

George, Robert, PainesAille, O.

Gerbig, C. H., Arcbbald, Pa.

Gibbons, H. AA'.,13G Liberty St., New
York, N. Y.

164

rEOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Gibbons, Alfred E., 136 Liberty St.,
New Yorli, N. Y.

Gibson, Wm. R, 1514 Claestnut St..
Pliiiadelptiia, Pa.

Giles, Irvin K., Reading, Pa.

Giles, J. H., 220 S. 17th St., Read-
ing, Pa.

Gilkinson, John, 671 Hamburg Si.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Gillett, E. G., 11.3 E. Third St., Cincin-
nati, O.

Gindra, David, P&ughkeepsie, N. Y.

Gipner, John, Niles, Mich.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Colo.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw St.,
Saginaw, W. S., Mich.

Golsner, Geo., College Point, N. Y''.

Good, J. M., Springfield, O.

Goodell, L. W., Dwight, Mass.

Gordon, George, Beverly, Mass.

Gorman, T. P., Macon, Mo.

Gould, J. H., Middleport, N. Y.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Graham, Geo. L., Bradford, Pa.

Graham, Wm., 104 So. 13th St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Gray, Gordon, 199 Quincy St., Cleve-
land, O.

Gravett, W. A., 805 E. Wheeling St.,
Lancaster, O.

Greene, R. W., AVarvvick, R. 1.

Greene, W., Des Moines, la.

Greenlaw, Robt., 15 Upton St., Bos-
ton, Mass.

Grey, Thos. J., 32 So. Market St.,
Boston, Mass.

GrifHn, Arthur, Ledge Road, New-
port, R. 1.

Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ont., Canada.

Grupe, A. J., Schenectady, N. Y.

Grupe, J. W. H., Schenectady, N. Y.

Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N. Y.

Guttman, A. J., r>2 W. 29th St., New
York, N. Y.

Haberniehl, John P., 22d and Dia-
mond Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
ITadkinson, J. H., Omaha, Neb.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.

Hagemann, Wm., 55 Dey St., New
York, N. Y.

Hagenburger, C, Mentor, O.

Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor,
Ohio.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane,
Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti-
more, Md.

Hall, AV. E., Clyde, Ohio.

Hallidaj', Robert J., 11 E. Baltimore
St., Baltimore, Md.

Hampton, M.L., Orchard Park,N. Y'.

Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook, N. Y.

Hannell, AVm. W., 712 Fifth Ave.,
AVatervliet, N. Y.

Hansen, H. C, Ramsays, N. J.

Harbison, S. M., Danville, Ky.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la.

Harper, W. W., Chestnut Hill., Phila-
delphia, Pa.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley, Mass.

Harris, F. L., Jr., Wellesley, Mass.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken, Pa.

Hart, Albert A., 1270 Detroit St.,
Cleveland, Ohio.

Hart, Benno L., 1270 Detroit St,
Cleveland, O.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St.,
Cleveland, O.

Hasselbring, W., Flint, Mich.

Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam, N. Y'^.

Hatton, W. J., Altemonte, N. Y.

Hauswirth, P. J. ,223 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Heacock, James AA'., AA'yncote, Pa.

Heacock, Joseph, AA'yncote, Pa.

Heinl, George A., 337 Summit St.,
Toledo, O.

Heinl, Joseph, Jacksonville, Fla.

Helfrich, A., Burlington, Wis.

Heller M., So. Park Flo. Co., New
Castle, Ind.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus, O.

Hellenthal, J. J., 32 E. Moler St., Co-
lumbus, O.

Henderson, Alex. T., 738 No. Third
St., Reading, Pa.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortland t
St., New York, N. Y.

SOCIETY OF AMEEICAX FLORISTS.

165

Henderson, Lewis, 16tb andJIFarnum
Sts., Omaha, Neb.

HenkeljFred, West View. Pa.

Hennon, Ctiarles D., 125 E. Falls St.,
New Castle, Pa.

Henshaw, Sam'l, Webster Ave., Bed-
ford Park, N. Y.

Hentz, Henry J., Madison, N. J.

Herendeen, F. A., (leneva, N. Y.

Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lan-
caster, Pa.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34tli St.,
New York, N. Y.

Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship Ave.,
Baltimore, Md.

Hess, J. J., 140 Farnum St., Omaha,
Neb.

Heurlin, Julius, So. Braintree, Mass.

Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Hews, A. H., North Cambridge, Mass.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind.

Hill, William, 85 Prospect St., Provi-
dence, R. L

Hinkle, Fred, West View, Pa.

Hippard, E., Youngstown, O.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th St., N. AV.,
Washington, D. C.

Hockey, James, Pawtucket, R. I.

Hoeft, John, Park Ridge, 111.

Hoffman, H. N., Elmira, N. Y.

Hoffmeister, August, Cincinnati, O.

Hoitt, C. W., Nashua, N. H.,

Holmes, M.E.,37 Lawrence St., New
York, N. Y.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee St.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Holznagel, F., Detroit, Mich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport, Conn.

Hoskin, Geo. H., 37 No. lOth St.,
Reading, Pa.

Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim, Pa.

Hostetter, E. P., Manheim, Pa.

Howard, .T. AV., Somerville, Mass.

Howatt, D. E., Clayton, N. Y.

Howell, W. W., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Hoyt, F. W., Post and Sprague Sts.,
Spokane, Wash.

Hulkan, Carl, Secretary, Academy,
New York.

Hulsebosch, A., Englewood, N. J,

Humphrey, V. B., Rome, N. Y.

Hunkel, H^ V., 457 Milwaukee St.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Hunnick, R., Newport, R. I.

Hunt, Charles, Pt. Richmond, S. I.,
N. Y.

Hunt, Chas. A., 84 Randolph St.,
. Chicago, 111.

Hurlbut, H. E., Troy, N. Y.

Huss, J. F., 1123 Asylum St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Hyatt, J. Bowne, Winfield, N. Y.

Ingram, AVm. A., Manchester, N. H.
Ireland, R. D.,246 Boylston St., Bos-
ton, Mass.
Ives, J. H., Daubury, Conn.

Jacobsen, J. N., care J.N. May, Sum-
mit, N. .J.

Jackson, E. B., Oliver St. Stamford,
Conn.

Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th St., New
York, N. Y.

Jenkins, Edwin, Lenox, Mass.

Jennings, K. M., Olney, Pa.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad St.,
Providence. R. I.

Johnson, George, IS Earl St., Provi-
dence, R. I.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney
Ave., Olean, N. Y.

Johnston, Edm. M., Providence, R. I.

Johnston, John, Roslyn P. O., Mont.
Co., Pa.

Johnston, T. J., 171 Weybosset St.,
Providence, R. I.

Johnston, W. J., Baltimore, Md.

Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth, N. J.

Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa.

Joosten, C. H.,85 Dey St., New York,
N. Y.

Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, O.

Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th
St., .St. Louis, Mo.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R. I.

Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

G6

rROCEEDI.NTGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Kay, Wm. H., 42 Dey St., New York
City.

Kegg, Robt. J., 452 Gordon Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Keitsch, Chas. H., 270 Southampton
St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Keller, J. M., 65tli St., and Fifth
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y'.

Kelly, .I.e., 606 Case St., Cleveland, O.

Kennedy, Isaac, care of .J. M. Gasser,
Cleveland, O.

Kennedy, W. A., Milwaukee, Wis.

Keplinger, .T.H., Govanstown, Balti-
more, Md.

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Killen, J. E., Box 33.^, Windsor, Ont.

Killeen, Robt., Chatham, Ont.

King, F. J., 220 Madison St., Otta-
wa, 111.

King, George T., Hyde Park, Mass.

Kirchner, T.J.,Quincy St.,C!leveland,
O.

Klokner, A., 930 Grand Ave., Milwau-
kee, Wis.

Kletzly, J., Verona, Pa.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass.

Knecht, Fred J., Fort AVayne, Ind.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus, O.

Kramer. Judson A., Cedar Rapids, la.

Krause, H. M., Glen Island, N. Y".

Kreitling, Walter, 10 E. Van Buren
St., Chicago, 111.

Kremmel, Louis, 54th St., and 19th
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Krrshover, L. J., 112 AV. 27th St.,
New Y^ork, N. Y'.

Krick,W.C.,1287 Broadway, Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Kromback, Charles, 181 25th St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Krueger, Augustus, Meadville, Pa.

Krueger, C. F., Reading Terminal,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St.
Louis, Mo.

Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin, ill.

Kuhn, John, Fifth and Tabor Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville, O.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High St..
Louisville, Ky.

Labo, J., Joliet, 111.

Lager, .John E., Summit, N. J.

Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la.

Lamb, .Tas. M., Fayetteville, N. C.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, O.

Laner, J. V., Erie, Pa.

Lang, A., 51 Monroe St., Chicago,

111.
Lang, Theo. J.. 39th St. and Sixth

Ave., New York, N. Y.
Lange, Albert H., Worcester, Mass.
Lauge, C. C, AVorcester, Mass.
Lange, H. F. A., AVorcester, Mass.
Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty St.,

Pittsburg, Pa.
Lanser, A. H., Wayne, Pa.
Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la.
Laurie, Robt., Newport, R. I.
Leach, M. J., Pawtucket, R. I.
Leach, AVesley B., Astoria, L. I., N. Y.
Lee, Fred G., Cazenovia, N, Y'.
Lehnig, Fred, Hackensack, N. J.
Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn, Md.
Lehr, AV. G., 733 AV. Baltimore St ,

Baltimore, Md.
Leissler, George A., Cottage Hill,

AA^ashington, D. C.
Leming, A. AV., 88 Wayland St., Rox-

bury, Mass.
Le Moult, A., 172 Bowery, New York

City.
Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I.
Lentz, F. AV., 532 AV. 43rd St., New

York, N. Y.
Leslie, M. F., 173 43rd St., Pittsburg,

Pa.
Leuly, E., AA'est Hoboken, N. J.
Lewis, Samuel, 23 Appleton St, Man-
chester, N. H.
Locke, Thomas, Lenox, Mass.
Loder, Cornelius S., 271 Broadway,

New Y'ork, N. Y.
Loecliner, Charles, 11 Barclay St.,

New York City.
Loew, AA'm., 89 Pike St., Allegheny,

Pa.
I.,ogan, .Tas. M., Elberon, N. J.

SOCIETY OF AMEItlCAX FLOKISTS.

167

Loeffler, E.G., 3800 Brightwood Ave..
WaBhington, I). C.

Long, 1). B., Buffalo, N. Y.

Lonsdale, Edwin, Wyndmoor, Chest-
nut Hill, Pa.

Loveless, A. J., Box 45, I>enox, Mass.

Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny
Market, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny, Pa.

Lundberg, Ernest, Lenox, Maes.

Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Lynn, J. A., 512 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago, 111,

Mackoy, A., Passaic, N. J.

Macrorie, D., So. Orange, N. J.

MacLellan, Alex.,Kuggles Ave., New-
port, R. I.

Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith St.,
Providence, R. I.

Macrae, John A., 1240 Smiih St.,
Providence, R. I.

Madsen, Wm., Govanstown, Md.

Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Or-
ange, N. J.

Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J.

Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace,
Brooklyn, N. \'.

Mann, Mary S., Florence, Mass.

Manning, J. Woodward, 114(5 Tre-
mont Building, Boston, Mass.

Mansfield, Thos., Lockport, N. Y.

Marc, C. J., Woodside, N. Y.

Martin, W. J., Milton, Mass.

Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt.

Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

May, Harry ()., Summit, N. J.

May, J. N., Summit, N. J.

Maybury, Thos., 218 39th St., Pitts-
burg, Pa.

McAdams, A., 310 E. 53rd St., Chi-
cago, 111.

McCaffery, H. S., Wyoming Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding, Pa.

McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo, N. Y.

McConnell, Alexander, 546 Fifth
Ave., New York, N.JY.

McCuUough, Albert, 31G Walnut St.,

Cincinnati, O.
McCullough, J. C;has., Second and

Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, O.
.McDowell. J. A., 167 Apartad©, City

of Mexico, Mex.
McGillivray, D., Brattleboro, Vt.
McGorum, Robert, Natick, Mass.
McGough, J., 2900 N. Front St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
McLean, Geo., 115 AV. Federal St.,

Youngstown, O.
McLellan, E. W., Burlingame, San

Mateo Co., Cal.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J.
McNab, James, Catonsville, Balti-
more, Md.
Mead, Alex., Greenwich, Conn
Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown, I'a.
Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield, O.
Mellis,D.Y.,Fla.tbush. Brooklyn, N.Y.
Merkel, .John, Mentor, O.
Meyers, Hiram, Willington, Kan.
Michell, H. F., 1018 Market St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Millang, Charles, 50 W.29th St., New

York, N. Y.
]\nilar. A., 595 I'awtucket Ave.,

Pawtucket, R. I.
Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn, N.Y.
Miller, George L., 12 E. Park PI..

Newark, O.
Miller, James L., 882 Western Ave.,

Lynn, Mass.
Miller, Theo., 4832 Delmar Ave., St.

Louis, Mo.
Miller, Wm., Tailgate, N. Y.
Miller, Wm.,882 Western Ave., Lynn,

Mass.
Milligan, H., Merchantsville, N. J.
Millman, F. X., Green St. Station,

Cumberland, Md.
Minder, Aug., Lincoln Ave., N. E.,

Washington, D. C.
Mitchell, H. R., Waterville, Me.
Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley, Mass.
Montgomery, Alexander W., .Jr., Xa-

tick, Mass.

168

rnOCEEDIXGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Montgomery, Robt., AVellesley, Mass.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa.

Moon, W. H. Morrisville, Pa.

Moore, Frank L., f'hatham, N. J.

Moore, S. H., 1054 Chapel St., New
Haven, Conn.

Morris, Bernard, Portsmouth, N. H.

Morris, AV. L., Des Moines, la.

Moseley, E. A., Sun Building, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Moss, I.H., Govanstown, j\ld.

Moss, George M.. 32 So. 17th St.,
Philadelphia, I'a.

Mott, Walter, Riverton, N. .7.

Moulton, Geo. A., 302 Broadway,
Room 1010, New York, N. Y.

Mulr, -John T., 3530 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago, Til.

Murray, Peter, Fairhaven, ' Mass.

Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway,
Kansas City, Mo.

Murdock, H. L.,AA'est Gardner, Mass.

Nagel,E., Minneapolis, Minn.

Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co., N. J.

Nauman, G. M., Doan St., Cleveland,
O.

Neff, L. I., Pittsburg, Pa.

Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D.

Newell, Arthur, 24 No. 10th St., Kan-
sas City, Mo.

Newman, .J. R., Winchester, Mass.

Newton, J. G. D.,810 Park St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Nicholson, AVilliam, Framingham,
Mass.

Nicol, James, 29 Coddington St.,
Quincy, Mass.

Nicol, John, 55 Oak St., Jei'sey City,
N.J.

Niednagel, Julius, Evansville, Ind.

Nielson, Hans J., Woodfords, Me.

Niessen, Leo., 13th and Filbert Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Nilsson, William, Woodlawn, New
York, N. Y.

Noe, Louis A., Madisob, N. J.

Noe, L. M., Madison, N. J.

Norton, M. H.,61 Massachusets Ave.,
Boston, Mass.

Nugent, J. B., Jr., 42 AV. 28th St.,

New York City.
Nugent, John J., 278i/i> Ninth Street,

New York, N. Y.

Obermeyer, G., Parkersburg, \Y. Va.
O'Brien, M. L, Sharon, Pa.
Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga.
0"Mara, D., 782 Grand St., Jersey

City, N. J.
Orpett, E. O., So. Lancaster, Mass.
Ostermeii, Leo., New Rochelle, N. Y.
Ostertag, H. C, AA'ashington St., and

Jeff. Av., St. Louis, Mo.
Ouwerkerk, P., 1123 Summit Ave.,

Jersey City, N. J.

Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer Ave , Chi-
cago, 111.

Palmer, Fred E., Brookline, Mass.

Palmer, AV. J., 304 Main St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Papworth, H., New Orleans, I>a.

Parker, (Jeo. A., Keney Park, Hart-
ford, Conn.

Parker, Nelson, Stoneham, Mass.

Parsons, Samuel B , Flushing, N. Y.

Pastor, Geo., Huntington, Ind.

Paterson, Robert, care Hon. Frank
.Jones, Portsmouth, N. H.

Patterson, Thos. H., 278 Old York
Road, Baltimore, Md.

Patten, M. A., Tewksbury, Mass.

Pattieon, Thos..I.,AA'^est Haven, Conn.

Pautke, Fred, Grosse Point, Mich.

Payne, AA\ Guy, Girardville, Pa.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, To-
ledo, O.

Peck, S. N , Toledo, O.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St.,
Cleveland, O.

Perkins, C. H., Newark, N. Y.

Perry, W. B., Cresco, la.

Peterson, J. A. Cincinnai, O.

Pettigrew, .J. A., Franklin Park, Bos-
ton, Mass.

Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS.

] ny

Pierce, L. B., Tallmadge, O.

Pierce, N. D., Norwood, R. I.

Pierson, F. R., Tarryown, N. Y.

Pierson, Lincoln, 1133 Broadway,
New York City.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y.

Pieser, E. E., 42-44 Randolph St.,
Chicago, 111.

Pieser, G. H., 42 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main St.,
Racine, Wis.

Piorkovski, F.R., White Plains, N. Y,

Plumb, Wm., fJl W. 28th St., New
York, N. Y.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Milwaukee,
Wis.

Ponnet, C, P. O. Alexandria, Va.

Ponting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville, O.

Powell, Edw., Taunton, Mass.

Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka, Minn.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg, Pa.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y.
Raynor, John I., 49 W.28tb St., New

York, N. Y.
Rea, Charles H., Norwood, Mass.
Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla.
Redstock,S..J.,584 Main St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Reeves, Wm., 1G03 Third St., Wash-

ington, D. C.
Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Reimele, John, Woodhaven, N. Y.
Reinberg, Peter C, Chicago, 111.
Reineman, E. C.,305 Lowry St., Alle-
gheny, Pa.
Rementer, M. L., Lansdowne, Pa.
Rennie, Alex. M., 6 Exchange PI.,

Providence, R. I.
R'ennie, W. S., 255 Vanderbilt Ave.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la.
Retzer, P. H , 2045 Clarendon Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon Ave.,

Chicago, 111.

Renter, Louis J., Westerly, R. I.

Reuter, S. J., Westerly, R. I.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Point, De-
troit, Mich.

Rhodes, H. J., Honolulu, H. I.

Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay St., New
York, N. Y.

Rice,M., 918 Filbert St., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Richmond, M., care Halliday Bros.,
Baltimore, Md.

Rieg, John, .Jenkintown, I'a.

Rieger, C. I'ittsburg, Pa.

Rieman, H. AV., East and Main Sts.,
Indianapolis, Ind.

Riley, I'., Flatbush Ave. and Clark-
son St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Riech, Carl, 1859 Main St„ Buffalo,
N. Y.

Ritter, Herman H,, 435 W. North
Ave., Dayton, O.

Robinson, .\lex. Gait, Louisville,
Ky.

Robbin, Fred, 967 Fleetwood Ave.,
New Y'ork, N. Y.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa.

Roehrs, .Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. .J.

Roehrs, Theo.,494 E. 176th St., New
York, N. Y.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa.

Roland, Thoe., Nahant, Mass.

Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey St., New
York, N. Y.

Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey St., New-
York, N. Y.

Rosengren, .J. A., Monongahela City,
Pa.

Rowden, George H., Wallingford,
Conn.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood, 111.

Rudolph, Max, Cincinnati, O.

Rudolph, Henry, Caldwell, N. J,

Rupp, D. C, Shiremanstown, Pa.

Rupp, .J. F., Shiremanstown, Pa.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne
Ave., Chicago, III.

Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

170

riJOCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Salzer, Joliu A., La Crosse, Wis.

Samtman, (ieo., Wyndmoor, Pa.

Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield, ().

Santheson, Carl J., Rraintree, Mass.

Saunders, H., Second and Pomeroy
Sts., Washington, D. C.

Saunders, W. A., Second and I'ome-
roy Sts., Washington, D. C.

Sawyer, F. P., Clinton, Mass.

Schaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I. Sts.,
Washington, D, C.

Schaumberg, 'Carl, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y..

Shaw, J. Austin, 271 Broadway,
New York City.

Schellinger, .1. F., Riverside, R. I.

Schluraff, G. K., Erie, Pa.

Schluraff, Vern L , Erie, Pa.

Schmeiske, H. ('., Warehouse Pt.,
Conn.

Schmitt, A., Glenville, O.

Schmitt, Chas. A., Wyndmoor, Chest-
nut Hill, Pa.

Schmitz, N. A., 401 Devon Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Schmutz, A. J., 23 Arnold Place.
North Adams, Mass.

Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson vSt., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Schnabel, A. M., Attica, N. Y.

Schoenhut, Chas., 352 Williams St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn. Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Schroeter, B., Detroit, Mich.

Schultheis, A., College Pt., \. Y.

Schulz, Chas, Menominee, Mich.

Schulz, .Jacob, 606 Fourth Ave.,
Louisville, Ky.

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair St., Zanes-
ville, O.

Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers, 111.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville, N. Y.

Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.
Scott, David J., Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Scott, John, Keap St. Greenhouses,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Scott, W. B., Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Scott, AV., 546 Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Sealy, R. E., Cedarhurst, Long

Island. N. Y. '
Seidewitz, E. A., 36 AV. Lexington St.,

Baltimore, Md.
Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York,

N. Y.
Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park,

Baltimore, Md.
Shanley, -James, 216 2oth St., lirook-

lyu, N. Y.
Shannon R , .Jr., Green and Franklin

Aves., I'.rooklyn, N. Y.
Shaw, Charles F., North Abington,

Mass.
Shellem, .J. A., 17th and Tasker Sts.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th St., New

York, N. Y.
Shilling, Howard M., ShillingtOn,

Berkshire Co., Pa.
Sibson, .J. F., (Jermautown, Pa.
Siebert, ('harles T., Stanton Ave.,

Station B, Pittsburg, Pa.
Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36,

Pt. Richmond, N. Y'.
Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Rochelle,

N. Y.
Sim, Charles, Rosemont, Pa.
Simpson, Robt., Clifton, N. J.
Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 No. 25th St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Small, .J. Henry, .Jr., 14th and G.

Sts., Washington, D. C.
Smith, A. W., P.oggs Ave., Pittsburg,

Pa.
Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich.
Smith, F. C, Ashland, Wis.
Smith, Geo. V., 1101 E. Baltimore

St., Baltimore, Md.
Smith, H. P., Piqua, O.
Smith, Harry J., Hinsdale, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN PLOEISTS.

171

Smith, H.Wilson, Mittineague, Mass.
Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids, Midi.
Smith, Henry G., (irosse Pt. Farms,

Detroit, Midi.
Smith, ,Jos. F.,62 Main St., Norwich,

Conn.
Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Smyth, W. .1., 270 31st St., Cliicago,

111.
Spalding, .John, New London, Conn.
Stache, Herman C, 649 Second St.,

Manchester, N. H.
StarJi, C. D., Newport, R. I.
Starkey, Benj,, 1514 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Steffens, Emil, 835 East 21st St.,

New York, N. Y.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hoboken,

N. J.
Stevens, F. N., 107 Chambers St.,

New Y'^ork, N. Y.
Stewart, Geo., Tuxedo Pk., N. Y.
Stewart, R. A,, 135 S. 13th St.,

I'hiladelphia, Pa.
Stocksdale, F. G., Griffith & Turner

Co., Baltimore, Md.
Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co.,

Dayton, O.
Stoekle, A., 4 Ten Eyck St., Water-
town, N. Y.
Stollery, Geo., Argyle Park, Chicago,

111.
Stollery, Fred., Argyle Park, Chicago,

111.
Stratford, R. Chas., Pittsfield, Mass.
Strohlein, Geo, A., Riverton, N. .J.
Strong, O. H., Oil City, Pa.
Stroup, T. B., 411 No. 6th St., New

Philadelphia, O.
Stuart, .1. S., Anderson, Ind.
Studer, N., Anacostia, D. C.
Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams St., To-

• ledo, O.
Sullivan, .J. F., 220 Woodward Ave.,

Detroit, Mich.
Sunderbruch, Albert, 232 W. Fourth

St., Cincinnati, O.
Sutherland, Geo. A., 34 Haw ley St.,

Boston, Mass.

Sutton, E. B., Babylon, N. Y,

Swansdn, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade,
St. Paul, Minn.

Sweeney M., 510 Pine St., Provi-
dence, R. I.

Sweigarth, I. B., 4515 Kingsessing
Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111.

Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th
St., Omaha, Neb.

Sykes, Geo., 1133 Broadway, New
York, N. Y.

Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis.

Symonds, W. T., Decorah, la.

Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood Ave.,
Detroit, Mich.

Tailby, W. W. Wellesley, Mass.

Taft, Prof, L. R., Agricultural Col-
lege, Mich.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., De-
troit, Mich.

Taplin, AV. H., Holmesburg, I'a.

Taylor, .Jas., Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Taylor, J. H., Bayside, N. Y.

Temple, .J. T., Davenport, la.

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St.
Louis, Mo.

Thielmann, .J. M., 890 I'roadway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Thompson, E. S., So. Haven, Mich.

Thompson, Geo. H., Lenox, Mass.

Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland,
N. Y.

Thompson, .1. D., .Joliet, 111.

Thorne, A. L., Flushing, N. Y.

Tod, Alva F., 2100 N. Fifth St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Tong, H., Ashtabula, O.

Towill, Edw., Roslyn,Mont. Co., Pa.

Traeudly, F., 38 -W. 28tli St., New
York, N. Y.

Tranter, Joseph, I51aclv Horse Hill,
lUoomfield, Pittsburg, Pa.

Troup, Geo., 1938 Main St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Troy, .I.H., 388 Fifth Ave., xNew York
City.

Trude, .1. Burbridgo. Alderbend,
Clinton. N. Y.

172

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

Turner, Wm., Rockwood Hall, Tar-

rytown, N. Y.
Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis.
Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield,

N.J.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O.

Valentine, J. A., Denver, Colo.

Van Wavern, C. S., 88.3 No. 50th St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Vaughan, ,J. C , 84-8G Randolph St.,
Chicago, 111.

Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Vincent, R. A., White Marsh, Md.

Vincent, R. .Jr., White Marsh P. O.,
Baltimore Co., Md.

Virgin, U. .J., 838 Canal St., New Or-
leans, La.

Wagner, C. M., Cleveland, O.
Wagner, E. J., Hohokus, N. J.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton

Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand Ave.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Walker, H..T., 644 Fourth St., Louis-
ville, Ky.
AValker, .John, Youngstown, O.
Walker, Wm, 247 W. Jefferson St.,

I^ouisvilie, Ky.
Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander

P>uilding, New Y^ork, N. Y.
Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl, Mass.
Warburton,C.,81 New P.oston Road,

Fall River, Mass.
Warncke, .J. H. H., Woodmere, Mich.
Warncke, Ludwig, 669 Woodland

Ave., Cleveland, O.
Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch Crescent,

Rochester, N.Y.
Warren, John R., Cairn-Warren, Har-

court, Victoi'ia, Australia.
Washburn, C. L , 88 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Washburn, Geo., Blpomington, 111.
Watson, Geo. C, Juniper and Walnut

Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Watson, Rob't, 368 Townsend Ave ,

Detroit, Mich.

Wax, Henry, 56 Winter St., Boston,
Mass.

Weathered, C. B.,46 Marion St., New
York, N. Y.

Webber, AVm S., Balcom St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Weber, F.C., 4326 Olive St., St Louis,
Mo.

AA'eber, Wm. Oakland, Md.

AA'eeber, C. G., 25 Willow Place,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Weilaud, Geo., 602 Davis St., Evans-
ton, 111.

Weiman, Max, 64th St. and 12th
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

AVeimar, E. W., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

Weinhoeber, E.,417 Elm St., Chicago,
III.

Weir, Fred, Fifth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Weir, John R., 324 Fulton St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Welch, D., 15 Province St., Boston,
Mass.

Welch, I^hilip B.,274 Old York RoAd,
Baltimore, Md.

Welsing, A.,245WaverlyAve., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh
Aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

WestcoLt, AVilliam H., Ridge and Le-
high Aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

AA'helan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.

Whilldin, J. G., 713 Wharton St.,
I'hiladelphia, Pa.

White, .John, Pittsfleld, Mass.

White, Miss I'^annie D., Lexington,
Ky.

Whiting, A., Farmington Ave., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Whitcomb, A., I^awrence, Kan.

Whitnall, C.B.,1184 Humboldt Ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

AViegand, A., 7th and Illinois Sts.,
Indianapolis, Ind.

AA'iegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis, Ind.

WIetor, N. J., 51 W^abash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.
AA'ilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la.
AVildey, J. L., 2752 Howard St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
AVillius, .John, Danville, 111.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORlSTS-

173

Wilson, C. K., Greenfield, Mich.
Wilson, Jas., Burlington, Vt.
Wilson, Jas.S., Western Springs, Ills.
Wincott, Wm., Babylon, N. Y.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave., St.

Louis, Mo.
Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Commerce

St., Harrisburg, Pa.
Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.
Wirth, Theo., Supt. Park Dept., Hart-
ford, Conn.
Withers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New

York, N. Y.
Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halsted

St., Chicago, 111.
Woerner, Carl A., 442 Clarkson St.,

Flatbush, N. Y.
Wolfenden, Thos. T., 264 No. Lans-

downe Ave., Lansdowne, Pa.
Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th St.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wood, E. A., West Newton, Mass.
Wood, Harvey C, West Newton,

Mass.
Wood, John F., Matheweon St.,

Providence, R. I.

Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge, Mass.
Worden, E., Jamestown, N. Y.
Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.

Young, Henry, Ada, O.

Young, Henry, 1406 Olive St., St. ,

Louis, Mo.
Young, Jas., 5507 Waterman Av.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St.

Louis, Mo.
Young, John, 51 W. 28th St., New

York, N. Y.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts St., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Zeller, Charles, Lefferts St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Zender, Adam, 3429 Ridge Ave., Chi-
cago, IJl.

Zeigler, F. L., Newport, R. I.

Zimmerman, C. D,, 50 W. Chippewa
St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Zirngiebel, I)., Needham, Mass.

Zweifel, N., 14th St. and Groeling
Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Zvolanek, A. C, Grand View, Somer-
set Co., N. J.

LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES.

Beaven, E. A., Evergreen.

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park.

ALABAMA.

CALIFORnsriA.

McLellan, E. W., Burlingame, San
Mateo Co.

COLORADO.

Bischof, Herbert, So. Broadway, Den-
ver.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte Ave.,
Colorado Spring.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia

St., Colorado Springe.
Glauber, Emil, Montclair.
Valentine, J. A., Denver.

CONNECTICUT.

S. D. HoRAN, Bridgeport, Vice-President.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk
Ave., New London.

Brainard, D. Wm., Thompsonville.

Champion, J. N., 1026 Chapel St.,
New Haven.

Clark, E. W., New London.

Coe, Ernest F.,Elm City Nursery Co.,
New Haven.

.Coombs, John, 118 Benton St., Hart-
ford.

Dallas, A., .32 Union St., Waterbury.

Dalton, Chas. F., Waterbury.

Ernst, Otto F., Norwich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport.

Huss, J. F., 1123 Asylum St., Hart-
ford.

Ives, J. H., Danbury.

Jackson, E. B., Oliver St., Stamford.

Mead, .\lex., Greenwich.

Moore, S. H., 1054 Chapel St., New
Haven.

Newton, J. G. D., 810 Park St„ Hart-
ford.

Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hart-
ford.

Patti8on,Tho8. J., West Haven.

Rowden, George H., Wallingford.

Schmeiske, H. C, Warehouse Pt.

Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., Norwich.

Spalding, John, New London.

Whiting, A., Farmington Ave., Hart-
ford.

WlrthjTheo., Supt. Park Dept., Hart-
ford.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Z. D. Blackistone, Washington, Vice-President.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washing-
ton.

Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H. Sts.,
N. W., Washington.

Durfee, Benj., Washington.

Ernest, Wm. H., 28.th and M. Sts.,
N. E., Washington.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th St. Wash-
ington.

Ganges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington.

Gude, A., 1224 F. St., N. W., Wash-
ington.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. St., N. W.,
Washington .

Hitz, John, 1601 35th St., N. W.,
Washington.

Leissler, George A., Cottage Hill,
Washington.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

176

DISTRICT or COLUMBIA— Continued.

Loeffler, E.G., 3800 Brightwood Ave., Sauntlere, W. A., Second and Pome-
Washington, roy Sts., Washington.

Minder, Aug., Lincoln Ave., N. E., Schaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I. Sts.,
Washington. Washington.

Moseley, E. A., Sun Building, Wash- Schellhorn, Christian, Washington,

ington. Small, J. Henry, Jr., 14th and G.

Reeves, Wm., 1(30.3 Third St., Wash- Sts., Washington.

ington. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Wash-

Saunders, H., Second and Pomeroy ington.

Sts., Washington. Studer, N., Anacostia.

FLORIDA.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Heiul, Joseph, Jacksonville.
Tampa. Reasoner, E. N,, Oneco.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta.

GEORGIA.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah.

ILLINOIS.

Edgar Sanders, Chicago, Vice-President.

Asmue, Geo., 897 Madison Ave., Chi-
cago.

Baird, O. L., Dixon.

Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St.,
Chicago.

Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale.

Benthey, F. F., 31-35 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Brown, A. C, Springfield.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Collins, L., Rogers Park Station, Chi-
cago.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Degnan, John, 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Finley.C. E., Joliet.

Forester, Jos., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Fry, L. L., Leroy.

Garland, Geo. M., Desplainee.

Geutemann, C. F. W., Quincy.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn St„ Chi-
cago.

Hartshorne, Jas., Joilet.

Hauswirth, P. J., 223 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago.

Hoeft, John, Park Ridge.

Hunt, Chas. A., 84 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

King, F.J. ,220 Madison St., Ottawa.

Kreitling, Walter, 10 E. Van Buren
St., Chicago.

Kuhl, Geo. A., Rekin.

Labo, J., .Joliet.

Lang, A., 51 Monroe St., Chicago.

Lynn, J. A., 512 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago.

McAdams, A., 31(5 E. 53rd St., Chi-
cago.

McKellar, C. AV., 45-49 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

176

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ILLINOIS - Con t i nued.

Muir, John T., 3530 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago.

Palinsk.v, AV. L., 6(i Palmer Ave., Chi-
cago.

Pieser, E. E., 42-4J: Randolph St..
Chicago.

Pieser, G. H., 42 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Reinberg, I'eter C, Chicago.

Retzer, P. H., 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. (ireenwood.

Rupp,N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne Ave.,
Chicago.

Sanders, Edgar, 1G39 Belmont Ave.,
Chicago.

Schmitz, N. A., 401 Devon Ave., Chi-
cago.

Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Smyth, W. J., 270 3l8t St., Chicago.

Stollery, Geo., Argyle Park, Chicago.

St<»llery, P'red, Argyle Park, Chicago.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst.

Thompson., J. D., Joliet.

Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Washburn, Geo., Bloomington.

Weilaud, Geo., 602 Davis St., Evans-
ton.

Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm St.,
cago.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash Ave.
cago.

VVillius, John, Danville.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs.

Winterson, E. F,, 45 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halstead
St., Chicago.

Zender, Adam, 3429 Ridge Av.. Chi-
cago.

Chi-

Chi-

INDIAWA.
H. W. RiBMAN, Indianapolis. Vice-President.

Bertermann, John, Indianapolis.
Berterraann, William G., Indianapolis.
Blackman, Wm., Evansville.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.
Carmody, J. I)., Evansville.
Coles, W. W., Kokomo.
Dorner, Fred., Lafayette.
Evans, J .A., Richmond.
Gause, G. R., Richmond.
Heller, M., So. Park Flo. Co., New
Castle.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.
Knecht, Fred J., Fort Wayne.
Nieduagel, Julius, Evansville.
I'astor, Geo., Huntington.
Rieman, H. W., East and Main Sts.,

Indianapolis.
Stuart, J. S., Anderson.
Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne.
Wiegand, A., 71 h and Illinois Sts.,

Indianapolis.
Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis.

IOWA.

A. T. Erwin, Ames, Vice-President.

Bather, John R. Clinton.

Erwin, A. T., Agricultural College,

Ames.
Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines St.,

Des Moines.
Greene, AV., Des Moines.
Harkett, W. A., Dubuque.
Kramer, JudBon A., Cedar Rapids.

Laisle, Christ., Keokuk.
I^arson, P. L., Fort Dodge.
Morris, W. L., Des Moines.
Perry, W. B., Cresco.
Rennison, J. C, Sioux City.
Symonds, W. T., Decorah.
Temple, J. T., Davenport.
Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

177

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott.
Meyers, Hiram, Willington.

KANSAS.

Whitcomb, A., Lawrence.

KENTUCKY.
A. R. Baitmek, Louisville, Vice-President.
Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville. Walker, H.J., 644 Fourth St., Louis-

Harbison, S. M., Danville. viile.

Kunzman, C. H., 37L0 Higli St., Wallier, Wm., 247 W. Jefferson St.,

Louisville. I>onieville.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. White Miss Fannie D., Lexington.

Schulz, .Jacob, 606 Fourth Ave.,
Louisville.

LOUISIANA.
Papworth, H., New Orleans. Virgin, U. J., 838 Canal St., New

Orleans.

MAINE. ,

H. R. Mitchell, Waterville, Vice-President . *

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. Mitchell, H. R., Waterville.

Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress Nielson, Hans J., Woodfords.
St., Portland.

MARYLAND.

Richard Vincent, White Marsh, Vice-President.

Madsen, Wm., Govanstown.
McNab, James, Catonsville, Balti-
more.
Millman, F. X., Green St. Station,

Cumberland.
MosH, I. H., Govanstown.
Patterson, Thos. H., 278 Old York

Road, Baltimore.
Richmond, M., care Halliday Bros.,

Baltimore.
Seidewitz, E. A., 86 W. Lexington St.,

Baltimore.
Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park,

Baltimore.
Smith, Geo. V.,_ 1101 E. Baltimore

St., Baltimore.
Stocksdale, F. G., GrifHth & Turner

Co., Baltimore.
Vincent, R. A., White ^Marsh.
Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh P. O.,

Baltimore Co.
Weber, Wm., Oakland.
Welch, Philip B., 274 Old York Road,

Baltimore,

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown.

Bester, Henry A., 44 E. Balto. St..
Hagerstown.

Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac
St., Hagerstown.

Binder, W. P., Rider.

Boone, James W., Patterson Park,
Baltimore.

Christie, Wm., 904 Gorsuch Ave.,
Baltimore.

Cook, John, .318 North Charles St.,
Baltimore.

Eraser, William, Ruxton.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti-
more.

Halliday. Robert J., 11 E. Baltimore
St., Baltimore.

Hees, Conrad, 329 Friendship Ave.,
Baltimore.

•Johnston, W. .J., Baltimore, Md.

Keplinger, .J.H., Govanstown, Balti-
more.

Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn.

Lehr, W. G., 733 AV. Baltimore St.,
Baltimore.

178

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

MASSACHUSETTS.
F. R. Mathison, VTaltham; E. Lundberg, Lenox, Vice-Presidents.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale.

Bellows, Chas. A., Adamsdale.

Bock, W. A., North Cambridge.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Brown, T. D., Adams.

Brown. W. L. G., 193 Cedar St., New
Bedford.

Brunton, Frank, Stockbridge.

Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing-
ham.

Carlquist, S. W., Shadow Brook,
Lenox.

Carmichael, Donald, Wellesley.

Chase, Chas. S., Elm St., Dighton.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston St., South
Boston.

Clark, Thos. J., Hotel Berkeley, Bos-
ton.

Comley, James, Lexington.

Conant, Henry T., Salem.

Cook, H. A., Shrew bury.

Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester.

Cox, Thos., A.,01ney St., Dorchester.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford St.,
Charlestown.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl St., Boston.

Donald, Wm., P^oslindale.

Donohuo, P. J. Lenox.

Drake, Foster I., 60 Appleton Ave.,
Pittsfleld.

Edgar, William W., Waverly.

Elias, Wm., Shadow Brook Farm,
Lenox.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland St.,Rox-
bury.

Farquhar, Jas. F. M., 26 So. Market
St., Boston.

Farquhar, J. K. M. L.,26 So. Market
St., Boston.

Feeley, James, Lenox.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale.

Folweli, F. S., Pittsfield, Mass.
Foster, L. H., 45 King St., Dorches-
ter.
Fuller, J., Leominster.

Galvin, Thos. F., 124 Tremont St.,
Boston.

Goodell, L. W., Dwight.

Gordon, George, Beverly.

Greenlaw, Robt., 15 Upton St., Bos-
ton.

Grey, Thos. J., 32 So. Market St.,
Boston.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley.

Harris, F. L., Jr., Wellesley.

Heurlin, Julius, So. Braintree.

Hews, A. H., North Cambridge.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley,
Boston.

Howard, J. W., Somerville.

Ireland, R. D.,246 Boylston St., Bos-
ton.

Jenkins, Edwin, I^enox.

King, George T., Hyde Park.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville.

Lange, Albert H., Worcester.

Lange, C. C, Worcester.

Lange, H. F. A., AVorcester.

Leming, A. W., 38 Wayland St., Rox-
bury.

Locke, Thomas, Lenox.

Loveless, A.. J., Box 45, Lenox.

Lundberg, Ernest, Lenox.

Mann, Mary S., Florence.

Manning, J. Woodward, 1146 Tre-
mont Building, Boston.

Martin, W. J., Milton.

Mathison, Fred R., Waltham.

McGorum, Robert, Natick.

Miller, James L., 882 Western Ave.,
Lynn.

Miller, Wm.,882 Western Ave., Lynn.

Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley.

Montgomery, Alex., Natick.

Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr., Na-
tick.

Montgomery, Robt., Wellesley.

Murray, I'eter, Fairhaven.

Murdock, H. L.,AVest Gardner.

Newman, J. R., AVinchester.

Nicholson, AVilliam, Framingham.

Nicol, James, 29 Coddington St.,
Quincy.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

179

MASS ACHUSETTS— Continued.

Norton, M. H.,61 Massachusets Ave.,
Boston,

Orpett, E. O., So. Lancaster.

Palmer, Fred E., Brookline.

Parker, Nelson, Stoneham.

Patten, M. A., Tewksbury.

Pettlgrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Bos-
ton.

Powell, Edw., Taunton.

Rea, Charles H., Norwood.

Roland, Thos., Nahant.

Santheson, Carl J., Braiutree.

Sawyer, F. P., Clinton.

Schmutz, A. J., 23 Arnold Place,
North Adams.

Shaw, Charles F., North Abington.

Smith, Harry J., Hinsdale.

Smith, H.Wilson, Mittineague.

Stewart, Wm. J., 79 Milk St., Boston.

Stratford, R. Chas., Pittsfield.

Sutherland, Geo. A., 34 Hawley St.,
Boston, Mass.

Tailby, W. W. Wellesley.

Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the-
Sea, Mass.

Thompson, Geo. H., Lenox.

Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl.

Warburton,C.,81 New Boston Road,
Fall River.

Wax, Henry, 56 Winter St., Boston.

Welch, D., 15 Province St., Boston.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province St., Bos-
ton.

Welch, P., 15 Province St., Boston.

White, .John, Pittsfleld.

Wood, Edmund M., Natick.

Wood, E. A., West Newton.

Wood, Harvey C, West Newton.

Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge.

Zirngiebel, D., Needham.

MICHIGAN.

F. H. Beard, Detroit, Vice-President.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit.

Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort St., De-
troit.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit.

Briscoe, J. A., Detroit.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens.

Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids.

Derthick, C. B.,Main St., Ionia.

Dilger, William, Detroit.

Dunn, John, 905 13th St., Detroit.

Ferguson, Andrew, 906 Farnsworth
Ave., Detroit.

Flammer, Henry G., 275 Woodward
Ave., Detroit.

Flowerday, Robt., Detroit.

Gipner, John, Niles.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw St.,
Saginaw, W. S.

Hasselbring, W., Flint.

Holznagel, F., Detroit.

Pautke, Fred, Grosse Point.

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke
Ave., Detroit.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Point, De-
troit.

Schroeter, B., Detroit.

Schulz, Chas., Menominee.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.

Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Pt. Farms,
Detroit.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward Ave.,
Detroit.

Taepke, Gus. H.,450 Elm wood Ave.,
Detroit.

Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural Col-
lege.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., De-
troit.

Taylor, Jas., Mt. Clemens.

Thompson, E. S., So. Haven.

Warncke, .1. H. H., Woodmere.

Watson, Rob't, 368 Townsend Ave.,
Detroit.

WUson, C. K., Greenfield.

180

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

MINNESOTA.

E. F. Lemke, St. Paul, Vice-President.

Berry, P^rauk, Stillwater. Pratt, D. O., Anoka.

Swaneon, A.S.,117 Endicott Arcade,

busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale Ave., So

Minneapolis.
Nagel,E., Minneapolis.

St. Paul.
Wunder, John, Winona.

MISSOURI.

F. C. Weber, St. Louis, Vice-President.

Beneke, J. .7., 1222 Olive St., St.

Louis.
Beyer, Robt., 3019 So. Grand St., St.

Louis.
Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans Sts.,

St. Louis.
Brown, R. S,, Box 99, Kansas City.
Connon, Chas., 2742 Olive St., St.

Louis.
Ellison, A. Y., 62.5 Olive St., St. Louis.
Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska Ave., South

St. Louis.
Gorman, T. 1*., Macon.
-Juengel, Chas. A., 1S41 South 14th

St., St. Louis.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St.

Louis.
Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis.
Miller, Theo., 4882 Delmar Ave., St.

Louis.
Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway,

Kansas City.

Newell, Arthur, 24 No. 10th St., Kan-
sas City.
Ostertag, H. C, Washington St., and

.Jeff. Av., St. Louis.
Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar Ave., St.

Louis.
Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn Ave., St.

Louis.
Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn. Ave., St.

Louis.
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St.

Ijouis.
Waldbart, Alexander, .3542 Lawton

Ave., St. Louis.
Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand Ave.,

St. Louis,
Weber, F.C., 4.326 OHve St., St Louis.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave., St.

Louis.
Young, Henry, 1406 Olive S., St.

Louis.
Young, Jas., 5507 Waterman Ave.,

St. Louis.
Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St.

Loujs.

NEBRASKA.
J. J. Hess, Omaha, Vice-President.

Chapin, L. C, Lincoln.
Hadkinson, .T. H., Omaha.
Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Farnum
Sts., Omaha.

Hess, J. J., 140 Farnum St., Omaha.
Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th
St., Omaha.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLOKISTS.

173

Wilson, C. K,, Greenfield, Mich.
Wilson, Jas., Burlington, Vt.
Wilson, Jas.S., Western Springs, Ills.
Wincott, Wm., Babylon, N. Y.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave., St.

Louis, Mo.
Winters, Thomas J., lOlG Commerce

St., Harrisburg, Pa.
Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.
Wirth,Theo., Supt. Park Dept., Hart-
ford, Conn.
Withers, J. W., 1 36 Liberty St., New

York, N. Y.
Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halsted

St., Chicago, 111.
Woeruer, Carl A., 442 Clarkson St.,

Flatbush, N. Y.
Wolfenden, Thos. T., 264 No. Lans-

dovpne Ave., Lansdowne, Pa.
Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th St.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wood, E. A., West Newton, Mass.
Wood, Harvey C, West Newton,

Mass.
Wood, John F., Mathewson St.,

Providence, R. I.

Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge, Mass.
Worden, E., Jamestown, N. Y.
Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.

Young, Henry, Ada, O.

Young, Henry, 1406 Olive St., St,

Louis, Mo.
Young, Jas., 5507 Waterman Av.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St.

Louis, Mo.
Young, John, 51 W. 28th St., New

York, N. Y.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts St., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Zeller, Charles, Lefferts St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Zender, Adam, .'^429 Ridge Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Zeigler, F. L., Newport, R. I.

Zimmerman, C. D,, 50 W. Chippewa
St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Zirngiebel, D., Needham, Mass.

Zweifel, N., 14th St. and Groeling
Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Zvolanek, A. C, Grand View, Somer-
set Co., N.J.

LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES.

Beaven, E. A., Evergreen.
Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park.

ALABAMA.

CALIFOR]SnA.

McLellan, E. W., Burlingame, San
Mateo Co.

COLORADO.

Bischof, Herbert, So. Broadway, Den-
ver.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte Ave.,
Colorado Spring.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia

St., Colorado Springs.
Glauber, Emil, Montclair.
Valentine, J. A., Denver.

CONNECTICUT.
S. D, HoRAN, Bridgeport, Vice-President.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk
Ave., New London.

Brainard, D. Wm., Thompsonville.

Champion, J. N., 1026 Chapel St.,
New Haven.

Clark, E. W., New London.

Coe, Ernest F.,Elm City Nursery Co.,
New Haven.

Coombs, John, 118 Benton St., Hart-
ford.

Dallas, A., .32 Union St., Waterbury.

Dalton, Chas. F., Waterbury.

Ernst, Otto F., Norwich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport.

Huss, J. F., 1123 Asylum St., Hart-
ford.

Ives, J. H., Danbury.

Jackson, E. B., Oliver St., Stamford.

Mead, Alex., Greenwich.

Moore, S. H.. 1054 Chapel St., New
Haven.

Newton, J. G. D., 810 Park St„ Hart-
ford.

Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hart-
ford.

Patti8on,Thos. J.,We8t Haven.

Rowden, George H., Wallingford.

Schraeiske, H. C, Warehouse Pt.

Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., Norwich.

Spalding, John, New London.

Whiting, A., Farmington Ave., Hart-
ford.

Wirth,Theo., Supt. Park Dept., Hart-
ford.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Z. D. Blackistone, Washington, Vice-President

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washing-
ton.

Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H. Sts.,
N. W., Washington.

Durfee, Benj., Washington.

Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M. Sts.,
N. E., Washington.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th St. Wash-
ington.

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington.

Gude, A., 1224 F. St., N. W., Wash-
ington.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. St., N. W.,
W^aehington.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th St., N. W.,
Washington.

LeisBler, George A., Cottage Hill,
Washington.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

175

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— Continued.

Loeffler, E.G., 3800 Brightwood Ave.,
Washington.

Minder, Aug., Lincoln Ave., N. E.,
Washington.

Moseley, E. A., Sun Building, Wash-
ington.

Reeves, Wm., 1603 Third St., Wash-
ington.

Saunders, H., Second and Pomeroy
Sts., Washington.

Saunders, W. A., Second and Pome-
roy Sts., Washington.

Schaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I. Sts.,
Washington.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington.

Small, J. Henry, Jr., 14th and G.
Sts., Washington.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Wash-
ington.

Studer, N., Anacostia.

FLORIDA.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Heinl, Joseph, Jacksonville.
Tampa. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco.

GEORGIA.
Berckmans, L. A., Augusta. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah.

ILLINOIS.

Edgar Sanders, Chicago, Vice-President.

Aemus, Geo., 897 Madison Ave., Chi-
cago.

Baird, O. L., Dixon.

Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St.,
Chicago.

Basaett, O. P., Hinsdale.

Benthey, F. F., 31-35 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Brown, A. C, Springfield.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Collins, L., Rogers Park Station, Chi-
cago.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Degnan, John, 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Finley, C. E., Joliet.

Forester, Jos., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Fry, L. L., Leroy.

Garland, Geo. M., Desplainee.

Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn St„ Chi-
cago.

Hartshorne, Jas., Joilet.

Hauswirth, P. J., 223 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago.

Hoeft, John, Park Ridge.

Hunt, Chas. A., 84 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

King, F.J. ,220 Madison St., Ottawa.

Kreitling, Walter, 10 E. Van Buren
St., Chicago.

Kuhl, Geo. A., Eekin.

Labo, J., Joliet.

Lang, A., 51 Monroe St., Chicago.

Lynn, J. A., 512 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago.

McAdams, A., 31 G E. 53rd St., Chi-
cago.

McKeUar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

176

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

ILLINOIS-Continued.

Muir, John T., 3530 Michigan Ave.,
Chicago.

Palinsk.v, W. I^., 6G Palmer Ave., Chi-
cago.

Pieser, E. E., 42-44 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Pieser, G. H., 42 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Reinberg, Peter (!., Chicago.

Eetzer, P. H., 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. (ireenwood.

Rupp,N.J., 297-307 Hawthorne Ave.,
Chicago.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont Ave.,
Chicago. •

Schmitz, N. A., 401 Devon Ave., Chi-
cago.

Schweiman, Henr^' C, Danvers.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st St., Chicago.

Stollery, Geo., Argyle Park., Chicago.

Stollery, Fred, Argyle Park, Chicago.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst.

Thompson, J. D., Joliet.

Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Washburn, Geo., Bloomington.

Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis St., Evans-
ton.

Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm St., Chi-
cago.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Willius, John, Danville.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs.

Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halstead
St., Chicago.

Zender, Adam, 3429 Ridge Av.. Chi-
cago.

INDIANA.
H. W. RiEMAN, Indianapolis, Vice-President.

Bertermann, John, Indianapolis.
Bertermann, William G., Indianapolis.
Blackman, Wni., Evansville.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.
Carmody, J. D., Evansville.
Coles, W. W., Kokomo.
Dorner, Fred., Lafayette.
Evans, J .A., Richmond.
Gause, G. R., Richmond.
Seller, M., So. Park Flo. Co., New
Castle.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.
Knecht, Fred J., Fort Wayne.
Niednagel, Julius, Evansville.
Pastor, Geo., Huntington.
Rieman, H. W., East and Main Sts.

Indianapolis.
Stuart, J. S., Anderson.
Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne.
Wiegand, A., 71h and Illinois Sts.

Indianapolis.
Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis.

IOWA.

A. T. EiiwiN, Ames, Vice-President.

Bather, John R. Clinton.

Erwin, A. T., Agricultural College,

Ames.
Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines St.,

Des Moines.
Greene, AV., Des Moines.
Harkett, W. A., Dubuque.
Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Rapids.

Laisle, Christ., Keokuk.
Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge.
Morris, W. L., Des Moines.
Perry, W. B., Cresco.
Rennison, J. C, Sioux City.
Symonds, W. T., Decorah.
Temple, J. T., Davenport.
Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs.

SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS.

177

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott.
Meyers, Hiram, Willington.

KANSAS.

Whitcomb, A., Lawrence.

KENTUCKY.

A. R. Baumkr, Louisville, Vice-President.

Baumer, Aug". R., Louisville. Walker, H. J., G44 Fourth St., Loiiis-

Harbison, S. M., Danville. ville.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High St., Walker, Wm., 247 W. Jefferson St.,

Louisville. Louisville.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville.
Schulz, Jacob, 606 Fourth Ave.,
Louisville.

White, Miss Fannie D., Lexington.

LOUISIANA.

Papworth, H., New Orleans. Virgin, U. J., H.38 Canal St., New

Orleans.

MAINE.
H. R. MiTCQELL, Waterville, Vice-President.
Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. Mitchell, H. R., Waterville.

Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress Nielson, Hans J.,Woodford8.
St., Portland.

MARYLAND.
Richard Vincent, White Marsh, Vice-President.

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown.

Bester, Henry A., 44 E. Balto. St.,
Hagerstown.

Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac
St., Hagerstown.

Binder, W. P., Rider.

Boone,. James W., Patterson Park,
Baltimore.

Christie, Wm., 904 Gorsuch Ave.,
Baltimore.

Cook, John, .318 North Charles St.,
Baltimore.

Fraser, William, Ruxton.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti-
more.

Halliday. Robert J., 11 E. Baltimore
St., Baltimore.

Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship Ave.,
Baltimore.

Johnston, W. J., Baltimore, Md.

Keplinger, J.H., Govanstown, Balti-
more.

Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn.

Lehr, W. G., 733 W. Baltimore St.,
Baltimore.

Madsen, Wm., Govanstown.
McNab, James, Catousville, Balti-
more.
Mill man, F. X., Green St. Station,

Cumberland.
MosH, I. IL, Govanstown.
Patterson, Tbos. H., 278 Old York

Road, P.altimore.
Richmond, M., care Halliday Bros.,

Baltimore.
Seidewitz, E. A.,3(> W. Lexington St.,

Baltimore.
Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park,

Baltimore.
Smith, Geo. V., 1101 E. Baltimore

St., Baltimore.
Stocksdale, F. G., Griffith & Turner

Co., Baltimore.
Vincent, R. A., White Marsh.
Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh P. O.,

Baltimore Co.
Weber, Wm., Oakland.
Welch, Philip B., 274 Old York Road,

Baltimore.

178

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

MASSACHUSETTS.
F. R. Mathison, Waltham; E. Lundberg, Lenox, Vice-Presidents.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale.

Bellows, Chas. A., Adamsdale.

Bock, W. A., North Cambridge.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Brown, T. D., Adams.

Brown, W. L. G., 193 Cedar St., New
Bedford.

Brnnton, Frank, Stockbridge.

Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing-
ham.

Cariquist, S. W., Shadow Brook,
Lenox.

Carmichael, Donald, Wellesley.

Chase, Chas. S., Elm St., Dighton.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston St., South
Boston.

Clark, Thos. J., Hotel Berkeley, Bos-
ton.

Comley, .James, Lexington.

Conant, Henry T., Salem.

Cook, H. A., Shrew bury.

Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester.

Cox, Thos., A.,01ney St., Dorchester.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford St.,
Charlestown.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl St., Boston.

Donald, Wm., Roslindale.

Donohue, P. J. Lenox.

Drake, P'oster I., 60 Appleton Ave.,
Pittefield.

Edgar, William W., Waverly.

Elias, Wm., Shadow Bi-ook Farm,
Lenox.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland St.,Rox-
bury.

Farquhar, Jas- F. M., 26 So. Market
St., Boston.

Farquhar, J. K. M. L.,26 So. Market
St., Boston.

Feeley, James, Lenox.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale.

Folwell, F. S., Pittstield, Mass.
Foster, L. H., 45 King St., Dorches-
ter.
Fuller, J., Leominster.

Galvin, Thos. F., 124 Tremont St.,
Boston.

Goodell, L. W., Dwight.

Gordon, George, Beverly.

Greenlaw, Robt., J^5 Upton St., Bos-
ton.

Grey, Thos. J., 32 So. Market St.,
Boston.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley.

Harris, F. L., Jr., Wellesley.

Heurlin, Julius, So. Braintree.

Hews, A. H., North Cambridge.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley,
Boston.

Howard, .1. W., Somerville.

Ireland, R. D., 246 Boylston St., Bos-
ton.

Jenkins, Edwin, Lenox.

King, George T., Hyde Park.

Knapp, W. H., Newton ville.

Lange, Albert H., AVorcester.

Lange, C. C, Worcester.

Lange, H. F. A., Worcester.

Leming, A. W., 38 Wayland St., Rox-
bury.

Locke, Thomas, Lenox.

Loveless, A. .J., Box 45, Lenox.

Lundberg, Ernest, Lenox.

Mann, Mary S., Florence.

Manning, J. Woodward, 1146 Tre-
mont Building, Boston.

Martin, W. J., Milton.

Mathison, Fred R., Waltham.

McGorum, Robert, Natick.

Miller, James L., 882 Western Ave.,
Lynn.

Miller, Wni.,882 AVestern Ave., Lynn.

MoUoy, Wm. F., Wellesley.

Montgomery, Alex., Natick.

Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr., Na-
tick.

Montgomery, Robt., Wellesley.

Murray, Peter, Fairhaven.

Murdock, II. L., West Gardner.

Newman, J. R., Winchester.

Nicholson, William, Framingham.

Nicol, James, 29 Coddington St.,
Quincy.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

179

MASS ACHUSETTS— Continued.

Norton, M. H., Gl Maseachusets Ave.,
Boston,

Orpett, E. O., So. Lancaster.

Palmer, Fred E., Brookline.

Parker, Nelson, Stoneham.

Patten, M. A., Tewksbury.

Pettlgrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Bos-
ton.

Powell, Edw., Taunton.

Rea, Charles H., Norwood.

Roland, Thos., Nahant.

Santheson, Carl .7., Braiutree.

Sawyer, F. P., Clinton.

Schmutz, A. J., 23 Arnold Place,
North Adams.

Shaw, Charles F., North Abington.

Smith, Harry J., Hinsdale.

Smith, H.Wilson, Mittineague.

Stewart, Wm.J.,79 Milk St., Boston.

Stratford, R. Chas., Pittsfield.

Sutherland, Geo. A., 34 Hawley St.,
Boston, Mass.

Tailby, W. W. Wellesley.

Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the-
Sea, Mass.

Thompson, Geo. H., Lenox.

Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl.

Warburton,C.,81 New Boston Road,
Fall River.

Wax, Henry, 56 Winter St., Boston.

Welch, D., 15 Province St., Boston.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province St., Bos-
ton.

Welch, P., 15 Province St., Boston.

AVhite, John, Pittsfleld.

Wood, Edmund M., Natick.

Wood, E. A., West Newton.

Wood, Harvey C, West Newton.

Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge.

ZirngiebeJ, D., Needham.

MICHIGAN.

F. H. Beard, Detroit, Vice-President.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit.

Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort St., De-
troit.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit.

Briscoe, J. A., Detroit.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens.

Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids.

Derthick, C. B.,Main St., Ionia.

Dilger, William, Detroit.

Dunn, John, 905 13th St., Detroit.

Ferguson, Andrew, 906 Farnswoi'tli
Ave., Detroit.

Flammer, Henry G., 275 Woodward
Ave., Detroit.

Flowerday, Robt., Detroit.

Gipner, John, Niles.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw St.,
Saginaw, W. S.

Hasselbring, W., Flint.

Holznagel, F., Detroit.

Pautke, Fred, Grosse Point.

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke
Ave., Detroit.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Point, De-
troit.

Schroeter, B., Detroit.

Schulz, Chas., Menominee.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.

Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Pt. Farms,
Detroit.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward Ave.,
Detroit.

Taepke, Gus. H.,450 Elmwood Ave.,
Detroit.

Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural Col-
lege.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., De-
troit.

Taylor, Jas., Mt. Clemens.

Thompson, E. S., So. H|iven.

Warncke, .1. H. H., Woodmere.

Watson, Rob't, 368 Townsend Ave.,
Detroit.

Wilson, C. K., Greenfield.

180

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

MINNESOTA.

E. F. Lemke, St. Paul, Vice-President.
Berry, Frank, Stillwater. Pratt, D. O., Anoka.

Busch, Fred, 950 Lyudale Ave., So.

Minneapolis.
Nagel,E., Minneapolis.

Swanson, A.S.,117 Endicott Arcade,

St. Paul.
Wunder, .John, Winona.

MISSOURI.

F. C. Weber, St. Louis, Vice-President.

Beneke, .J. J., 1222 Olive St., St.

Louis.
Beyer, Robt., 3019 So. Grand St., St.

Louis.
Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans Sts.,

St. Louis.
Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City.
Connon, (Jhas., 2742 Olive St., St.

Louis.
Ellison, A. Y., 62.5 Olive St., St. Louis.
Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska Ave., South

St. Louis.
Gorman, T. P., Macon.
Jueugel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th

St., St. Louis.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St.

Louis.
Meinhardt, Fred XL, 7041 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis.
Miller, Theo., 4882 Delmar Ave., St.

Louis.
Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway,

Kansas (Jity.

Newell, Arthur, 24 No. lOth St., Kan-
sas City.
Ostertag, H. C, Washington St., and

Jeff. Av., St. Louis.
Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar Ave., St.

Louis.
Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn Ave., St.

l.,ouis.
Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn. Ave., St.

Louis.
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St.

Jjouis.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton

Ave., St. Louis.
Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand Ave.,

St. Louis,
Weber, F.C.,4326 Olive St., St Louis.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave., St.

Louis.
Young, Henry, 1406 Olive S., St.

Louis.
Young, Jas., 5507 Waterman Ave.,

St. Louis.
Young, John, 1406 Olive Sc, St.

Louis.

NEBRASKA.
J. J. Hess, Omaha, Vice-President.

Chapin, L. C, Lincoln.
Hadkinson, J. H., Omaha.
Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Farnum
Sts., Omaha.

Hess, J. J., 140 Farnum St., Omaha.
Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th
St., Omaha.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

181

lOlW HAMPSHIRE.
W. A. Ingram, Manchester, Vice-President.

Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry.
Ellis, Marcus, Keene.
Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua.
Holtt, C. W., Nashua.
Ingram, Wm. A., Manchester.
Lewis, Samuel, 23 Appleton St., Man-
chester.

Morris, Bernard, Portsnioiith.
Paterson, Robert, care lion. Frank

.Tones, Portsmouth.
Stache, Herman C, 649 Second St.,

Manchester.

NEW JERSEY.
A. Herrington, Madison, Vice-President.

Atkins, F. L., Rutherford.
Asmus, Ernst G., West Hoboken.
Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham.
Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken.
Brown, Otway, Cape May.
Butterback, N,, Oceanic.
Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill.
Daly, John C, New Durham.
Davis, Jos. B., Orange.
Dehmer, C, Newark.
Dressel, F. H., Weehawken.
Du Rie, W. B., Rahway.
Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton.
Eisele, J. D., Rivtrton.
Esler, .\ndrew. Saddle River.
Esler, John G., Saddle River.
Falconer, D., Chatham.
Flemer, Wm., Springfield.
Hansen, H. C, Ramsays.
Hentz, Henry J., Madison.
Herrington, A., Madison.
Hulsebosch, A., Englewood,
Jacobsen, .J. N., care J.N. May, Sum-
mit.
Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth.
Lager, .John E., Summit.
Lehnig, Fred, Hackensack.
Leuly, E., West Hoboken.
Logan, Jas. M., Elberon.

Mackoy, A., Passaic.

Macrorie, D., So. Orange.

Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Or-
ange.

Manda, W. A., South Orange.

May, Harry O., Summit.

May, J. N., Summit.

McMahon, Frank, Seabright.

Milligan, H., Merchantsville.

Moore, Frank L., Cliatham.

Mott, Walter, Riverton.

Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.

Nicol, .John, 55 Oak St., .Jersey City.

Noe, Louis A., Madison.

Noe, L. M., Madison.

O'Mara, D., 782 Grand St., Jersey
City.

O'Mara, Patrick, 782 Grand St.,
Jersey City.

Ouwerkerk, P. 1123 Summit Ave.,
.Jersey City.

Roehra, .Julius, Jr., Rutlierford.

Rudolph, Henry, Caldwell.

Simpson, Robt., Clifton.

Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hoboken.

Strohlein, Geo. A., Riverton.

Turnley, C. AVilliam, Haddonfiehl.

Wagner, E. J., Hohokus.

Zvolanek, A. C, Grand View, Somer-
set Co.

NEW YORK.

A. H. Lang.iahr, Brooklyn; Chas. H. Keitsch, Buffalo, Vice-Presidents.
Allen, R. W., Hudson. Ashmead, C .W., Box 252, Ossining.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park. Barry, William C, Rochester.

Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer St., New Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius St.,

York. ^ Syracuse, N. Y,

182

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YORK— Continued.

Beaulieu, Henri, Woodhaven.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I.

Berger, Mrs. H. H., 47 Barclay St.,
New York.

Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14tli St.,
New York.

Bosshart, Fred, Glendale Station.

Braik,Jas.,1203 Elmwood Ave., Buf-
falo.

Buckingham, Ed. T., 2.36 Grand St.,
Brooklyn.

Bunyard, A., 409 Fifth Ave., New
York City.

Burnham, Wm. A., Irvington.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside.

Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes.

Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey St., New
York.

Clucas, R. W., 342 W. 14th St., New
York.

Coldwell, H. T, Newburgh.,

Co wee, Arthur, Berlin,

Cowee, W. J., Berlin.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buf-
falo.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway,
New York.

Crowe, Peter, Utica,

Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush.

Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush.

Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush.

Danker, Fred A., Albany.

Dean, David A., Freeport.

Dean, James, Freeport, L. I.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Build-
ing, New York.

Demeusy, A., Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie.

Dickinson, George E., 1 Broadway,
New York.

Dingwall, John, Albany.

Ditzenberger, A., 75th St., and Fifth
Ave., Brooklyn.

Dole, Chas. L., Lockport.

Donaldson. John, Elmhurst.

Dorval, Victor S., Woodside.

Drawiel, Chas. F., 435 Fifth Ave,,
Brooklyn.

Dreyer, H., Woodside.

Dupuy, Louis, Whitestone.

Eger, Wm. Chas., Schenectady.

Elder, A., Irvington.

Fenger, E. W., 1 Broadway, New
York.

Fitzelle, Francis A., 26 No. Broad-
way, Yonkers.

Florey, .Tames, Medina.

Foss, Chas. E., 1782 Amherst St., Buf-
falo.

Fotheringham, J. R., Tarrytown.

Geller, Sigmund, 108 W. 28th St.,
New York.

Gibbons, Alfred E., 136 Liberty St.,
New York.

Gibbons, H. W.,136 Liberty St., New
York.

Gilkiuson, John, 671 Hamburg St.,
Brooklyn.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.

Golsner, Geo., College Point.

Gould, J. H., Middleport.

Grupe, A. J., Schenectady.

Grupe, J. W. H., Schenectady.

Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg.

Guttnian, A. J., 52 W. 29th St. New
York.

Hagemann, Wm., 55 Dey St., New
York.

Hammond, Beuj. Fishkill-on-Hudson.

Hampton, M.L., Orchard Park.

Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook.

Hannell, AVm. W., 712 Fifth Ave.,
AVatervliet.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson.

Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam.

Hatton, W. J., Altemonte.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt
St., New York.

Henshaw, Sam'l, Webster Ave., Bed-
ford Park.

Herendeen, F. A., Geneva.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St.,
New York.

Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road,
Buffalo.

Hoffman, H. N. Elmira.

Holmes, M. E.,37 Lawrence St., New
York.

SOCIFTY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

183

NEW YORK— Continued.

Howatt, D. E., Clayton.
Howell, W. W., Poughkeepsie.
Hulkan, Carl, Secretary, Academy,

New York.
Humphrey, C. I'., Rome.
Hunt, Charles, Pt. Richmond, S. I.
Hurlbut, H. E., Troy.
Hyatt, J. Bowne, Winfield.
Janeen, Ed., 124 West 19th St., New

York.
.Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney

Ave., Olean.
Joosten, C. H., 85 Dey St., New York.
Kasting, W. F., 481 Washington St.,

Buffalo.
Kay, Wm. H., 42 Dey St., New York

City.
Keitsch, Chas. H., 270 Southampton

St., Buffalo.
Keller, J. M., 65th St., and Fifth

Ave., Brooklyn.
Krause, H. M., Glen Island.
Kremmel, Louis, 54th St., and 19th

Ave., Brooklyn.
Kreshover, L. J., 112 W. 27th St.,

New York.
Kretschmar, H.G., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn.
Kretschmar, J. F., 2.37 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn.
Krick,W.C.,1287 Broadway, Brook-
lyn.
Kromback, Charles, 181 25th St.,

Brooklyn.
Lang, Theo. J., 39th St. and Sixth

Ave., New York.
Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum PI.,

Brooklyn.
Leach, Wesley B., Astoria, L. I.
Lee, Fred G., Cazenovia.
Le Moult, A. ,172 Bowery, New York

City.
Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I.
Lentz, F. W., 532 W. 43rd St., New

York.:
Loder, Cornelius S., 271 Broadway,

New Y'ork.
Loechner, Charles, 11 Barclay St.,

New York City.

Long, D. B., Buffalo.
Lynch, M. J., I'oughkeepsie.
Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace,

Brooklyn.
Mansfield, Thos.,Lockport.
Marc, C. .J., Woodside.
McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo.
McConnell, Alexander, 546 Fifth

Ave., New Y'ork.
Mellis,D.Y.,Flatbush, Brooklyn.
Millang, Charles, 50 W.29th St., New

York.
Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn.
Miller, Wm., Vailgate.
Moulton, Geo. A., 302 Broadway,

Room 1010, New York.
Newbold, Frederick R., Poughkeepsie.
Nilsson, William, Woodlawn, New

York.
Nugent, J. B., .Jr., 42 W. 28th St.,

New York City.
Nugent, .John J., 278V2 Ninth Street,

New Y'ork.
Ostermeii, Leo., New Rochelle.
Palmer, W. J., 304 Main St., Buffalo.
Parsons, Samuel B., Flushing.
Perkins, C. H., Newark.
Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton St., Brook-

lyn.
Pierson, F. R., Tarryown.
I^ierson, Lincoln, 1133 Broadway,

New York City.
Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough.
Piorkovski, F.R., White Plains.
Plumb, Wm., 51 W. 28th St., New

Y'ork.
Powell, I. L., Millbrook.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira.
Raynor, John I., 49 W.28tb St., New

York.
Redstock, S. -J., 584 Main St., Buffalo.
Reimels, John, Woodhaven.
Rennie, W. S., 255 Vanderbilt Ave.,

Brooklyn.
Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay St., New

York.
Riley, P., Flatbush Ave. and Clark-
son St., Brooklyn.
Risch, Carl, 1859 Main St,, Buffalo.

184

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YORK— Continued.

Robbin, Fred, 967 Fleetwood Ave.,
New York.

Roehrs, Theo.,494 E. 176th St., New
York.

Rolker, Wiufried, 52 Dey St., New
York.

Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey St., New
York.

Schaumberg, Carl, Poughkeepsie.

Shaw, J. Austin, 271 Broadway,
New York City.

Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson St., Brook-
lyn.

Schnabel, A. M., Attica.

Schoenhut, Chas., :^52 Williams St.,
Buffalo.

Schultheis, A., College Pt.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville.

Scott, David .1., Balcom St., Buffalo.

Scott, .John, Keap St. Greenhouses,
Brooklyn.

Scott, W. B., Balcom St., Buffalo.

Scott, W., 546 Balcom St., Buffalo.

Sealy, R. E., Cedarhurst, Long
Island.

Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York.

Shanley, James, 216 25th St., Brook-
lyn.

Shannon R., Jr., Green and Franklin
Aves., Brooklyn.

Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 2Sth St., New
York.

Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box .36,
Pt. Richmond.

Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Rochelle.

Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria.

Steffens, Emil, 3.35 East 21st St.,
New York.

Stevens, F. N., 107 Chambers St.,
New York.

Stewart, Geo., Tuxedo Pk.

Stoekle, A., 4 Ten Eyck St., Water-
town.

Sutton, E. B., Babylon.

Sykes, Geo., 1133 Broadway, New
York.

Taylor, F. W., Pan-American Exposi-
tion, Buffalo.

Taylor, .J. H., Bayside.

Thielmann, J. M., 890 Broadway,

Brooklyn.
Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland.
Thorne, A. L., Flushing.
Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar St., New

York.
Traendly, F., 38 W. 28th St., New

York.
Troup, Geo., 1938 Main St., Buffalo.
Troy, J. H., 388 Fifth Ave., New York

City.
Trude, J. Burbridge. Alderbend,

Clinton.
Turner, Wm., Rockwood Hall, Tar-

rytown.
Wallace, " Alexander, Rhinelander

Building, New Y'ork.
Ward, C. W , Queens.
AVarrant, F. W., 14 Birch Crescent,

Rochester.
Weathered, C. B.,46 Marion St., New

York.
Webber, Wm S., Balcom St., Buffalo.
Weeber, C. G., 25 Willow Place,

P.rooklyn.
Weiman, Max, 64th St. and 12th

Ave., Brooklyn.
Weimar, E. W., Mt. Vernon.
AVeir, Fred, Fifth Ave., Brooklyn.
Weir, John R., 324 Fulton St., Brook-
lyn.
AVelsing, A., 245 AVaverly Av€J., Brook-
lyn.
Wincott, Wm., Babylon.
AVithers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New

York.
Woerner, Carl A., 442 Clarkson St.,

Flatbush.
Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th St.,

Brooklyn.
Worden, E., Jamestown.
Young, John, 51 AV. 28th St., New

York.
Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts St., Brooklyn.
Zeller, Charles, Lefferts St., Brook-
lyn.
Zimmerman, C. D., 50 W. Chippewa

St., Buffalo.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

185

NORTH CAROIilNA.

Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore.
Busch, E. J., Oharlotte.
Deake, J. W. C, Asheville.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte St.,

Asheville.
Lamb, Jas. M., P^ayetteville.

OHIO.

F. A. Bartels, Cleveland ; A. Sunderbruch, Cincinnati, Vice-Presidents.

Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main St.,
Dayton.

Bartels, F. C.,232 Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land.

Bartlett, Geo. S., Cincinnati.

Beck,Chas , National Military Home,
Montgomery Co.

Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges St., Mans-
field.

Brown, A. L., West Mentor.

Burger, Fred, 2102 Antell St., Cleve-
land.

Carlton, H. R., Willoughby.

Coe, A. M., Coe Ridge.

Cox, G. F., Youngstown.

Cunningham, .)os. H., 32;" W. Wil-
liam St., Delaware.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania.

Eadie, James, Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land.

Erhardt, Charles, 358 P^rie Ave.,
Cleveland .

Fetters, E. A., Cleveland.

Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land.

George, Robert, I'ainesville.

Gillett, E.G.,113 E. Third St.. Cincin-
nati.

Good, J. M., Springfield.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland .

Gray, Gordon, 199 Quincy St., Cleve-
land.

Gravett, W. A., 805 E. AVheeling St.,
I lancaster.

Hagenburger, C, Mentor.

Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor.

Hall, W. E., Clyde.

Hart, Albert A., 1270 Detroit St.,
Cleveland.

Hart, Benno L., 1270 Detroit St.,

Cleveland.
Hnrt, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St.,

Cleveland.
Heinl, George A., 337 Summit St.,

Toledo.
Hellenthal, John R., Columbus.
Helleuthal, J. J., 32 E. Moler St., Co-
lumbus.
Hippard, E., Youngstown.
Hoffmeister, August, Cincinnati.
Imlay, John D., Zauesville.
•Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala.
Kegg, Robt. J., 452 Gordon Ave.,

Cleveland.
Kelly, J.C.,GOt) Case St., Cleveland.
Kennedy, Isaac, care of J. M. Gasser,

Cleveland.
Kirclmer, T.. I., Quincy St., Cleveland.
Knopf, Albert, Columbus.
Kunz, Henry, Glenville.
Lamborn, L. L., Alliance.
McCullough, Albert, 31G Walnut St.,

Cincinnati.
McCullough, J. Chas., Second and

Walnut Sts., Cincinnati.
McLean, Geo., 115 W. Federal St.,

Youngstown.
Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield.
Merkel, John, Mentor.
Miller, George L., 12 E. Park PI.,

Newark.
Nauman, G. M., Doan St., Cleveland.
Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, To-
ledo.
Peck, S. N , Toledo.
Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St.,

Cleveland.
Peterson, J. A. Cincinnati.
Pierce, L. B., Tallmadge.
Ponting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville.
Ritter, Herman H,, 435 W. North

Ave., Dayton.

186

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

OHIO— Continued.

Rudolph, Max, Ciucinnati.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield.

Schmitt, A., Gleuville.

Schwab, Heury, 730 Adair St., Zanes-
ville.

Smith, II. P., Piqua.

Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co.,
Dayton.

Stroup, T. B., 411 No. 6th St., New
Philadelphia.

Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams St., To-
ledo.

Sunderbruch, Albert, 232 W. Fourth

St., Cincinnati.
Tong, H., Ashtabula.
Ullrich,' Lewis, Tiffin.
AVagner, CM., Cleveland.
Walker, .John, Youngstown.
Warncke, Ludwig, 669 Woodland

Ave., Cleveland.
Witterstsetter, Richard, Sedamsville.
Young,'Henry, Ada.

OREGON.

Forbes, .Jas., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA.
W. P. Craig, Philadelphia; E. C. Ludwig, Allegheny, Vice-Presidents.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne.

Albrecht, John, Pencoyd.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland
Ave., Philadelphia.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 101 2 Ontario St.,
Philadelphia.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock.

Bader, John, Allegheny.

Baker, Phoebe A., 42 No. Orange St.,
Media.

Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Peun Sq.,
Philadelphia.

Ball, Chas. D., Holmesburg.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadel-
phia.

Barr, B. F., Lancaster.

Baur, S. A., Erie.

Beatty, H. B., Oil City.

Beckert, Charles, 95 Ohio St., E. Alle-
gheny.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield.

Berry, Robert E , Torresdale.

Blind, H. L., West View.

Brenneman, J. D., 321 Walnut St.,
Harrisburg.

Bucheler, H. C, Box 94, Leetsdale.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue P.,0., Allegheny
Co.

Burpee, W. Atlee, Fifth and Willow
Sts., Philadelphia.

Burton, John, Wyndmoor, Chestnut

Hill.
Butz, Frank P., New Castle.
But/, Geo. C, State College, Centre

Co.
Butz, Wm. T., New Castle.
Campbell, Edw., Ardmore.
Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia.
Connell, Benjamin, West Grove.
Connor, D. T., 588 Elrawood Ave.,

Philadelpliia.
Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol Sts.,

Philadelphia.
Craig, Geo,, 211 So. 11th St., Phila-
delphia. ^
Craig, Robt., 49tli and Market Sts.,

Philadelphia.
Craig, W. P., 49th and Market Sts.,

Philadelphia.
Dillon, .1. L., Bloomsburg.
Dorrance, P>., Dorranceton.
Downs, Alex., 3806 Reno St., AVest

Philadelphia.
Dreer, AVilliam F., 714 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia.
Dumont, H. T., 1305 Filbert St.,

Philadelphia.
Eichholz, Henry, AVaynesboro.
Eichholz, Conrad, Box 1036, Warren.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

187

PENNSYLVAIMTA- Continued.

Eisele, C, 11th and Jeffersou Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Eisenhart, R. M., Torresdale, Phila-
delphia.

Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks, I'itts-
burg-.

Fancourt, Geo. E., Wilkesbarre.

Farenwald, Adolph, Roslyn 1'. O.,
Hillside.

Foss, John M., Etna.

P''oxley, John, Bloomfield, Pitts-
burg.

Gass, Samuel, Allegheny.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 No. Sixth St.,
Philadelphia.

Gerbig, C. H., Arcbbald.

Gibson, Wm. R, 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Giles, Irvin K., Reading.

Giles, J. H., 220 S. 17th St., Read-
ing.

Graham, Geo. L., Bradford.

Graham, Wm., 104 So. 13th St.,
Philadelphia.

Haberraehl, John P., 22d and Dia-
mond Sts., Philadelphia.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Eane,
I'rankford, I^liiladelphia.

Harper, W. W., Chestnut Hill., Phila-
delphia.

Harris, J J., 55th St. and Springfield
Ave., Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., 55th St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia.

Harris, W. Iv., Jr., 55th St. and
Springfield Ave., Philadelphia.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken.

Heacock, James W., Wyncote.

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.

Henderson, Alex. T., 738 No. Third
St., Reading.

HenkeljFred, West View.

Hennon, Charles D., 125 E. Falls St.,
New Castle.

Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lan-
caster.

Hinkle, Fred, AVest View.

Hoskin, Geo. H., 37 No. lOth St.,
Reading,
stetter, Abraham, Manheim.

Hostetter, E. 1'., Manheim.

Jennings, K. M., Olney.

Johnston, John, Roslyn P. O., Mont.

Co.
.Tones, S. Morris, West Grove.
Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia.
Ivift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia.
Ivletzly, J., Verona.
Krueger, Augustus, Meadville.
Krueger, C. F., Reading Terminal,

Philadelphia.
Kuhn, John, Fifth and Tabor Sts.,

Philadelphia.
Eaner, J. V., Erie.
Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty St.,

Pittsburg.
Lanser, A. H., Wayne.
Leslie, M. F., 173 43rd St., Pittsburg.
Loew, Wm., 81) Pike St., Allegheny,
Lonsdale, Edwin, AVyndmoor, Chest-
nut Hill.
Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny.
Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny

Market, Allegheny.
Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny.
Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert St.,

Philadelphia.
Maybury, Thos., 218 39th St., Pitts-
burg.
McCaffery, H, S., Wyoming Ave.,

Philadelphia.
McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding.
McGough, J., 2900 N. Front St.,

Philadelphia.
Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown.
Michell, H. F., 1018 Market St.,

Philadelphia.
Moon, S. C, Morrisville.
Moon, W. H. Morrisville.
Moss, George "M., 32 So. 17th St.,

Philadelphia.
Murdoch, A. M., 510 Smithfield St.,

Pittsburgh.
Neff,L. I., Pittsburg.
Niessen, Leo., 13th and Filbert Sts.,

Philadelphia.
O'Brien, M. L, Sharon.
Payne, W. Guy, Girardville.

188

PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

PENNSYLVANIA- Continued.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St.,
Philadelphia.

Reineman, E. C.,305 Lowry St., Alle-
gheny.

Rementer, M. L., Lansdowne.

Rice, M., 918 FiH»ertSt., Philadelphia.

Rieg, John, .Teukintown.

Rieger, C, Pittsburg.

Rockwell, W. ('., Bradford.

Rohrer, 11. I)., Lancaster.

Rosengren, J. A., Monongahela City.

Rupp, D. C, Shiremanstown.

Rupp, J. F., Shiremanstown.

Rust, David, Ilort. Hall, Philadel-
phia.

Samtman, Geo., Wyndmoor.

Schluraff, G. R., Erie.,

Schluraft", Vern L., Erie.

Schmitt, Clias. A., Wyndmoor, Chest-
nut Hill.

.Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Philadel-
phia.

Shellem, .1. A., 17th and Tasker Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Shilling, Howard M., Shillington,
Berkshire Co.

Sibson, J. F., Gerniantown.

Siebert, Cliaries T., Stanton Ave.,
Station B, Pittsburg.

Sim, Charles, Rosemont.

Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 No. 25th St.,

I'hiladelphia.
Smith, A. W., Boggs Ave., Pittsburg.
Starkey, Benj., 1514 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia.
Stewart, R. A., 135 S. 13th St.,

Philadelphia.
Strong, O. H., Oil City.
Sweigarth, I. B., 4515 Kingsessing

Ave., Philadelphia.
Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.
Tod, Alva F., 2100 N. Fifth St.,

Philadelphia.
Towill, Edw., Roslyn,Mont. Co.
Tranter, .Joseph, Black Horse Hill,

I'.loomfleld, Pittsburg.
Van Waveru, C. S., 883 No. 50th St.,

Philadelphia.
Watson, Geo. C, .Juniper and Walnut

Sts., Philadelphia.
Westcott, .Tohn, Ridge and Ijchigh

Aves., Philadelphia.
AVestcott, AA'illiam H., Ridge and Le-
high Aves., Philadelphia.
Whilldin, .7. G., 713 Wharton St.,

I'hiladelphia.
Wildey, .T. L., 2752 Howard St.,

Philadelphia.
Winters, Thomas .1. 1016 Commerce

St., Hari'isburg.
Wintzer, A. West Grove.
Woltenden, Thos. T., 264 No. Lans-

downe Ave., Lansdowne,

RHODE ISLAND.

T. J. Johnston, Providence, Vice-President.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.

Canning, J. B., 234 Smith St., Provi-
dence.

Chappell, W. E., 333 I'.ranch Ave.,
Providence.

Forbes, Charles, Blackstone Boule-
vard, Providence.

Gardner, Richard, Newport.

Greene, R. W., Warwick.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledgei Road, New-
port.

Hill, William, 85 Prospect St., Provi-
dence.

Hockey, James, Pawtucket.

Hunnick, R., Newport.

.Jensen, .John G , 1142 Broad St.,
Providence.

.Johnson, George, IS Earl St., Provi-
dence.

Johnston, Edm. M., Providence.

Johnston, T. J., 171 Weybosset St.,
Providence.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport.

Laurie, Robt., Newport.

Leach, M. J., Pawtucket.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 1^9

RHODE ISLAND— Continued.

Macl^ellan, Alex.,lluggle8 Ave., New- Reuter, Louis J., Westerly.

P<»rt. Reuter, S. J., Westerly.

M .cr^e, Farquhar, 1138 Smith St., schellinger, .1. F., Riverside.

rrovirlence.

Macrae, John A., 1240 Smith St , ^t^'''^' ^'- ^> ' Newport.

Providence. Sweeney M., 510 Pine St., Provi-
Millar, A., 595 Paw tucket Ave., dence.

Pawtucket. Wood, .John F., Matliewson St.,
Pierce, N. I)., Norwood. Providence.

Rennie, Alex. M., 6 Exchange PL, Zeigier, F. L., Newport.

Providence.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Newbury, E. V., Mitchell, S. I).

TEXAS.
Comstock, Mrs. M. F., El Paso.

VERMONT.

Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt. Wilson, Jas., Burlington.

McGillivray, D., Brattleboro, Vt.

VIRGINIA.

F. A. Whelan, Mt. Vernon, Vice-President.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby St., Nor- Ponnet, C, P. O. Alexandria.

folk. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon.

Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville.

WEST VIRGINIA.
Obermeyer, G., Parkersburg.

WISCONSIN.

C. C. PoLLWORTH, Milwaukee, Vice-President.

Edlefsen, William, 349 Third St., Mil- Pike, Mrs. ('has. W., 408 Main St.,

waukee. Racine.

Freytag, Mrs. .T., Forest Home Ave., PoUworth, C. V., Box 75, Milwaukee.

Milwaukee. ,^ , t i, « t n «««

„ .. 1 ,1.. T o« Salzer, .John A., I^a Crosse.
Haentze, E., t ond du Eac.

Helfrich, A., Burlington. Smith, F. C, Ashland.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee St., Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc.

Milwaukee. Turner, T^ewis, Kenosha.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 Milwaukee St., ^yhitnall, C.I^., 1184 Humboldt Ave.,

Milwaukee. ,

Kennedy, W. A., Milwaukee. Milwaukee.

Klokner,A.,930Grand Ave.,Milwau- Zweifel, N., 14th St., and Groelmg

jjee. Ave., Milwaukee.

190 PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH CONVENTION

WASHINGTON.

Hoyt, F. W., Post and Sprague Sts., Spokane.

AUSTRALIA.
Warren, .John R., Cairn-Warren, Harcourt, Victoria.

CANADA.

W. W. Gammage, London, Ont., Vice-President.
Bocli, Tlieo., Hamilton. (iroff, II. II., Simcoe, Ont.

Dunlop, J. H., 645 Lansdowne Ave., Killen, J. E., Box 335, Windsor, Ont.

Toronto.
Gammage, W., 213 Dundas St., Lon- Killeen, Robt., Chatham, Ont.

don.

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Rhodes, H. J., Honolulu.

MEXICO.
McDowell, J. A., 107 Apartado, City of Mexico.

INDEX.

FIRST DAY— OPENING SESSION.

PAGE

Addre>ss t)F Welcome — Hon. Conuad Diehl, Mayor of Buffalo.

Value of flowers in the home; their use in the siclc room;

Buffalo's attractions 4

Response — President O'Mara 5

Praise of Buffalo ; florists' work ; the aims of our Society 5

Welcome by Ex-President Scott 6

A reminiscence; promises on behalf of sub-committees 6

President O'Mara's Address ., 7

The Society's prosperity 7

Horticultural progress; the National Charter; work of the in-
corporators S

Value of co-operation ; work of the Executive Committee 9

Development of horticultural industries 10

Developing our resources; the educational problem; relations of

employer and employee 11

College versus Practical Training 12

Some facts in the Society's history 13

Appointment of Exhibition Judges 14

Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 14

Last year's success; number of plants introduced during
1900; condition of membership; additions; deaths; new
plants registered ; testimonial to Ex-President Wm. R.

Smith 16

Medal award; effect of National Charter 17

Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 17

Summary of receipts and disbursements; life membership fund 20

Supplementary report 21

Additions to life membership fund; donation from C. W.

Ward 23

Reports of State Vice-Presidents 25

Report of Committee on Fertilizers 26

Communications and Announcements 25

Letter from Ex-President Smith ; communication from Horticul-
tural Society of New York 26

Committee on Ladies' carriage ride 27

192 INDEX.

FIRST DAY— EVENING.

PAGE

Pkesident's Reception 28

Lecture— Horticulture in Japan. J. K. M. L. Farquhar, Boston,

Mass 28

SECOND DAY— MORNING.

Report of Exhibition Jud»jes 29

Action on National Charter 30

Acceptance of the Charter; transfer of assets 31

Discussion of Constitution and By-Laws 31

Action as to First Vice-President 3;;

Action on question of salaries 3C>

Discussion on subject of co-operative societies 4(i

Mr. Ward's opposition 41

President O'Mara's views 4l!

Action re<i:arding date of annual meeting 44

Adoption of Constitution as amended ; life members installed 4(>

Selection of Place ok Meeting for 1902 40

Invitations by Milwaukee and Asheville: Mr. Poll worth's re-
marks on behalf of Milwaukee; Mr. M'Cloud speaks for Afhe-

ville 4 6

Selection of Asheville, N. C 4i)

Nomination of Officers 50

Salaries of Secketary and Triasurer r>l

Committee on Closer Relations 51

Proposition from Chkysanthemum Society 51

SECOND DAY— EVENING.

Lecture, Expositions as Ehucatoks, F. W. Taylor, Pan-American

Exposition 52

THIRD DAY— MORNING.

Election of Officers 53

Withdrawal of Mr. Kastinji- 53

Results of the election ; thanks to the Executive Committee 54

Invitation to Charleston Exposition 54

Special Premiums Offered by Buffalo Club 55

INDEX. 193

PAGE

Report of Committee on Awards 55

Testimonial to Ex-President Scott 56

Action Regarding Manner of Selecting Place of Meeting in

Future 57

A Paper— Flowering Plants and their Treatment for Christmas

Sales, W. P.Craig, Philadelphia, Pa 5h

Appropriateness of plants and flowers as Christmas gifts 5«

List of descriptions of plants usually grown for the holidays and

cultural directions therefor 5^*

A Paper— Horticulture of the Past Century, John N. May, Summit,

N. J ; «»

Small beginnings of the business in New York ; grotesque funeral

designs 62

Monstrosities in plant bedding; changes in orchid cultivation 63

A prophet's dream 64

Accommodations at Asheville 65

The Question Box 65

Statistics of Florists' Establishments 66

Committee to Investigate the Bulb Industry 66

THIRD DAY— EVENING.

A Paper— The Fuel Question in Greenhouse Heating, Prof. L. R.

Taft, Agricultural College, Mich 67

Theoretical value of fuel 69

Wood as fuel — petroleum 70

Natural gas — coal 71

Chemical analysis of various coals; variation in amount of com-
bustible matter 72

Measurements of efticiency of boilers; pounds of coal per hoise

power and per pound of steam 74

Various practical tests 75

Selection of coal 76

Coal for greenhouse ranges of different sizes; ratio of grate and

heating surface to radiating surface 78

Height, area and horse power of chimney; Mr. Ward's experience 79

Mr. Beatty's experience '■ 80

Remarks on the Action of Artificial Heat as applied to Soil, W.

R. Beattie, Agricultural Department, Washington, D. C 81

Methods of applying heat to soil ; use of tiles 82

Results obtained by experiments 83

Application of soil heating under glass 84

Steam-heated hot beds = 85

Action Regarding American-Grown Forcing Bulbs 86

194 INDEX.

PAGE

Remarks of President-Elect Burton 86

Remarks of Vice-president-Elect Deake 87

Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 87

Adjournment 88

The Red Spider, F. H. Chittenden, Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 89

Remedies 90

Thrips in Greenhouses, W. E. Hinds, Dept. Agriculture, Washington,

D. C 90

Reports of State Vice-Presidents 92

Connecticut 92

District of Columbia, Illinois 93

Indiana 95

Iowa, Kentucky 96

Maine, Maryland 97

Massachusetts (East) 98

Massachusetts (West) 100

Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska 101

New .Jersey, New York (East) 102

New york (West) 104

Ohio (North), Ohio (South) 108

Pennsylvania (West), Rhode Island 109

Wisconsin 110

Reports of Exhibition Committees 110

Class A, Plants; Class B, Cut Blooms Ill

Class C, Boilers and Heating Apparatus; Class D, Greenhouse

Appliances and Flower Pots 112

Class E, Florists' Supplies 113

Class F, Bulbs; Class G, Miscellaneous 114

Report of Superintendent of Trade Exhibition 11.5

List of Plants Registered 116

Classified registration list 123

Plant Introductions in America in 1901 124

Begonias, cannas, carnations 124

Chrysanthemums 125

Geraniums, roses, sweet peas, miscellaneous 126

State Laws Regarding Inspection and Transporting of Nursery

Stock 128

Regulations of Foreign Governments Regarding Importation of

American Plants 135

Special Express Rates on Plants, Bulbs, Seeps, Etc 137

Report of Superintendent of Sports 138

Presentation to the President 140

Annual Meeting of the Florists' Hail Association 141

INDEX. 195

PAfiE

Meeting of the American Carnation Society 147

Meetings of the Chrysanthemum Society of America 148

Invitation to Inspect Power Plant 150

Charter of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental

Horticulturists 151

Constitution and By-Laws 152

Objects; otiieers — their election and duties 152

Government; Executive Board 154

Membership; meetings 155

Eeserve Fund; donations; special appropriations; amend-
ments 156

List of Officers 157

List of Life Members 159

List of Annual Members 160

Membership by States 174

z
o

I— H

H
H

o
z

I— I

o

&2 >

H
or)

l-H

o

C/1

no

H-l

g

<-+H

PQ

s

O
u

00

w
H

"2

<t: N ri ■'

0 N 0

<

"3

4
■J

■1

'1

i

5

Q

^

■^.^
3

1

-

4
"i
«

^
■^

"i

.i

w
4

4

<< t\ t< r IS

$ 5^ § l^§

'c^

?

^

i

"i

*

1

^

^
^

0

'^

'!

-'1

'1

^

^

•^

^

^

^

^

"^

iu\ iM^^^tim"^ mtmm^i \^if-%'um \^\U'U'i%^mi-iiH^

0. sl'irs

y^

'^

(>,

'i

^

-^

1

0-

'5

'•5

^

J

(^

V

*

\

j-

^ 1 I^-^1 1-^ M-mi 1 N-d sf-^ .^'^ ;^ 1 H'^K^^ a-,45^ 1 Kil ^'sN ^-^s^ 1 \^n4 rf-i-,i'^ t

^1l^c

«

K

-^

■^

7T\

St

"■'S

/\S

r.

'?

«0

^

f.

"

»

'?

4o

'k

^'sD

-5?l 1 KI1|-^'d^'#ll 1 Ni^-^;^.^^^ I N-MSt^-'MI N^J.1d'^?f-d IN4iM;c^dii

'$<

i\

.s

«

■^

5

^

f

••NO

1,

J

5).

^i

^

SN

«0

^^C
■$

i 1 R^N^^^4 1 K^i'H'MM^m^'^^ 1 mnm i li^i^^^u

^'^:§:$

?

0

>5

''?

NO

oi

!5

1^

'S

ys

-r

NS

'»

^Q

^'S

X

*

■»

M

>a

''^

,»)

v^

-i 1 ,iHvi?i.i^.H4^' 1 mru'i^i 1 H'?^'^-ri'Jtsi 1 mimm 1 min^u 1

Vi^.^S

<i

-J

'%.

^

\l

A

-. '^

N)

1^

b

C

S

J^

s'*

■'■5

•I.
0.

>o

5

<^

^

?

s!)'^

i \m-4t^nA\m^mAi im^itt^ \ muiAi i hki^5fi-td]

.1 '^ f^M

<t

S

%

i

''?

<<

?

^^

^

3

^

1

"■;:;

^

-^

^
4

'si

4

•0

--5

z

"S

:^:^, Uu^^^'tll ^U'^:14^ ^r^^rsl'^ ^^Jj^^^j. ^l^r.n:

"0 4 .t ^

r^

'5

•0

%

I,

(t

*

NJ

'5

'i^

^

^-e

-1

n

V

'P

.i

y|s

:'%!i io^v^-^^T 'o<';iY^^::,'k'^ -^t'^-^,'^^^ -'^.^IR'^^i 'o,';<?^-v^i~

^«r^

>t.

^

3

«

"^

'1?

1

N!

^

fij

<^

*

'^

y\

'i?

t^

■i

"^^

'<\

n

|_ :^r^?s-'j;s-^ i^'^-'-^ '^'^'n ^3^^ ^ n^nCn^''^:|_ '^';^'^^ cs^^.

s"^'?^

»

'r-

'C-

^

0

"^C

^^

'^

0

(5

\

y

'C

'n

/ r

^'n

\

'n

-Q,

0

s'^

0.'

i ■ ~^'?s^'x's'^ '^V, ■^4'*'^''"'"'n ''^ ^^r^ '~^*-'>^l -^>: «s'^-^-?-',^ ^ I, o,r> io r.

i

i

^

k
R

1

0^

i

i

V
V

.1

£
0
1

1-

1

s

i

i

i
p.

1

I
'0

•0

}

k

^<iU r^"l'3 .*yi«. AUiih .^^Mlh "^Mlfsn

nVT^i

■6.

-If

i|

\

'§

'^

'I,

0

'c

..^

0

'i

%

^z

^

^

~^

^^

t^

^

«

'^

yr

.^'

ilv -^ 1 5 ^^11 5 ^^^'^ ^^^ ^1 ? *'^ 1^ s'sl,, r^ r^^ ^.^|r-.-, ^j § ^ y

.^34"

5

■~ *

4

0^

'n

1

r

v^

'•^

^

<
,1

s>

<xi

''

A

$

1

ii

^'^

,0

^

,3

-s-

^ ^^"'s.^isll ri^-^"'^^''^*^ i,^^u-v^^^ ''^siJi-^^1 ^<^c'$i^i

J^1l5

'?

' ^

^

"<v

'^

^.$

^

*1

«.

*.

'?

^^

'?

-JS

<>.

K

'1

s^

y^

^s

1^ rj'^'?'>J'!'^:2-^ ^'^s^^ 5:?X>%^r_s:^>^s^-| ^^s^\S'4'K^ n^'^'^'i^'^-

Ml
0

»

^'

•f^

.N

<?

i;

'S

,'i

'^

r

'<3

,5s

s

N

s>'^

■3

C

'0^

,'°«

§. ^^S4'S'Mi J'^s^'5 ^ s;^j^^,5;B"?^=-" ''^:5ss.^s^ j^^i^r'^^A

1(1^11?

:^

^4

^,

''v.

s

XN

?

ii

I,

NS

1,

N

-,'«^

fj

,3

vS

'%

"^

'5'

^ r^r^X?'§;s, >'^'^:l'^:^i^^S^^l^? flM'J:?>^§;^^^ ,^ ?;U^'?-i';).

ri ^ ^1 4

s

>-.

^3

J^

""5

5

'£

't

5

^

"o

\3

N:

NS

No

M

'i

^

^

'13

,^

^

t.1 KhN5l4'isl^ MN'^4'4.1t^ l-'Nld^'^^f^'sl HIHM ^44^11 irn^l^.^h^tll

M'4':^2:^

'i

'^

<!■

^i

^

y^

^

'?

i

^3
4

^

*

'C;

*

<

'§

',i

^

?

^?

?

"s

fo J '\ s '^ n: I'f^ T ^ s ^ '^ 3 >sc o, s Ifl «j js '0 ^ c X >;i V , >j s ri 'ti '^ ^D o ^ ■ s. >-3 ^ 's n ^ ,s5
, S^st^^':^K'^^^sj454 JI*<:M>'0-|r;„*'^M-sos,^l,. -*>,.<', ->4!t

^vr-2^

'N
4

n

^r.

'3

rj
4

^^

"^

;;

((1

-0

L,

'->

'i

'4
<1

")

<f

'0

^

<(

i^

1

'^

t; „4m''5 f-rJ',", ^ <» *. ^y,r.r>»^ /.,**''< ^ ri~^'r^ r-, '^^r^'-,-^ ,r .s ^ „, ,s3 J y^,n ^>r.

^w'^'^^J;

'Oo

'i

v;'

s.-^

""S

<!,

NJ

vy

^

w

ND

^

•T')

c

'5

^'^

*»

'i

'Z

*

'i;-

i ^ '^^ C^ N^'*N |j '^ 4'^'5 ^'3 x N<^-S-s'5 v; :^ r,';-, ^ <,-N ^"^>;> A-^ .(^ vl C-Cs;;s^ ■

,J ^ ''?^'?

A

\3

A.

^

r)

'0

^a

.h

«

*0

si

U

N

'0,

N

,0

A

3,=

(^

k\

'^

<kj

'<3

'c'

^ "J ""^ ^^-k '''^ '*"■ S ^'n'^^*^ "^'^ '^•' L -^'n^'-^sVi (sJ^ '-''« »'^^.-N.^ ( N OA «6 ■^'^ 0-,

s

-I?

0

1

>

s

i

■ j:
ki

5

1
0

•0

1

0)

>

s

<

+0

V

(j

If

t

0

s

in

0

5!

^^H,u^ «,^^5;k^y "S^^^^g^*^ "SA'^N^^^ »v^^^^^^ ^ [^^■^.(^^^'^

5 ? ^1

^

V

■j

J

;?

"^

■s

Ni

^

s

1?

5

5

^

■.^

V

■"^

,-

^'

li ^'§^?-'?rci $r?^fii\si ^1^1 ^^i-4: ?^'5:ji2 ?u 5f?^^^rc:ii

^

'*

J-

0.

^

'^

'?

>/,

'"

»

'J

'^

'?

y^

N

•s

(>

'C

<

N

^

i;^ 0.^ ^"^^i^-i's <5'??ll'5^ ■ ^:^ ??i^^:? ^:i'?.ij?ll ■ <^N5ll ?;'^j

t^ll S

§

~

1"

4»

'S

s

^

1

75

"V,

/K,

5

V N

t

.-5;

$

«»

'I

'~?

''^

'i
\

-0-!

i A^ss^ri? ^I'^Mn '^'$'H'^«'2 ^l^i:?l1 ^'^.i-'^-'»:s-

^:^:i s

-5

i

r\

^

'fj

0

■^

-?

JS

,S

';;

'"§

§

■-■5

ts

.g

1^

.^

'-!

-r

^ --:;i'?^-'r^^ i^Ji^g'^'fe^ f^sis^r^'?,:^ ^:s:5 5-^.^$ ^N5Jr^'^^.>.

~^X'«.§

^

•}

0.

\j

70

1

0-

NS

'5

?

0

^

On

•0

VO

^

1.^

N

r

^ -^'5ir>?1 ^^'?:§.^^^ ^?:si2-^^'s- ^?:rr^s:5. ^^^-n^'^-

^os:^ >

"^

^

\3

"o

5

^

_;5

'0

■i

"

h

'^

n

^

«»

5v

1=

:t:

J

^

■.I
«

?

'C

SN3

NO

" '.^l^rs^t ^>"^^^'^!i '^nj^l-^ 'o:J.^US? ^'C^rn^i

^'^ ^'5

XI

^

t;

i

1

';^

'0

-1

■'?

^c;

\'

i

4

1

'^

'f^

^

i

^

1

"^

X

4

r ^ '5 ?-r^'5^ ^'^^ T.^ '5-c* . ■ *^ '^ ^ s ^ ^ *'^ ^ rrrz ifi- ^11

«!'(? ^^

4

Q
-*

4-

fO

\*

""-§

0

.i

""i^

s

ti

'^

/vj

5

^r-

■^

4

n

.S3

;(

i

'N,

^ -^r^-r^^l -1'^'^^^ ^^^s^^l^ ^t^r^"^ '^■i-i^r^^-

N n 4 ^,

'X

N

'^

■5

'i

'■0

Ol

S

f<

^

,0.

'0

"^

'^

ti

'0.

';3

.b

^ ^"S^^^^^'l ^^'l^ i 4'?'5- '^'S^s-g^jl? ^"^-i-^e^ ^:; Mi:^^^^^

^'^

<^

'!?

\i

V,

"q

<i

rt

;o

N

^

»

'?

0

-Oo

a

~

>

<»

.«

'^

SS>

% ■^'PV 0^ fs <j,_ ^'4 r^a-^Cs'i 4, ^a.ro^o-:^') -N'^^^o-'?-* N r.-^'o.«,J ».

Ski I

Pi

i

i

(

1

*

a:

4-

10

1

It

f

1

'0
■J

0)

<

E
0

1

-1.

;

1^

^^^ .|vwl^5 .M\i^^ dniii^ im-ib tpiii^i^
k;-^,^ ":^WK^i° ^.n^k^Hp k^^'^^^^h i^A^^^^c i^-'^^-^'?h

..,i'-3^:

^:^-4.,.:,<ji'^jr^ y.