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20th

1904

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PROCEEDINGS

OK THE

Twentieth Annual Convention

OF THE

Society of American Jflorists

AND

©rnamcntal Morticulturists

HELD AT

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

August i6th, i yxH, i8th and 19TH

1904

Copyrighted, 1904, by Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary, Boston, Mass.

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CHANEL I J^ ^

PROCEEDINGS.

St. Louis, Mo., Tuesday, Aug. i6, 1904.

Large and attentive audiences, valuable contributions to the
literature of the Society and interesting discussions were features
of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Society of American Flor-
ists and Ornamental Horticulturists. The business meetings, the
trade display and the various recreative features fully realized ex-
pectations. Absenteeism at the World's Fair was not noticeable,
and under the excellent arrangement made by the Executive Com-
mittee for forenoon sessions the program each day was completed
in time for visits to the Exposition grounds. The weather was sea-
sonable, and apprehensions of semi-tropical heat at St. Louis in
mid-summer were not realized.

The generous hospitality of the St. Louis Florists' Club was
manifested constantly, and its members were untiring in their ef-
forts to promote the comfort and convenience of their guests.

The Convention headquarters were at the Exposition Building
in the business section of the city, on Olive street, where ample fa-
cilities were furnished for both Convention and Exhibition pur-
poses. The entire floor-space of the Exhibition Hall was covered
with the trade display, the exhibits being fully-as large and elabo-
rate as in any previous year and including many new and attractive
specialties. The Convention Hall was handsomely decorated with
palms, oak branches, cannas and other flowers. The national
colors were conspicuous above and around the platform, and the
fronts of the balconies were gaudy with bunting.

The Convention preliminaries were attended by ex-Presidents

2^ ;2V-:i.

4 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Craig, Hill, Scott, Smith, Graham, Lonsdale, Gude, Rudd and Bur-
ton, all of whom occupied seats upon the platform on the invitation
of the Local Committee.

The session opened at 3.20 o'clock P. M., in the presence of an
immense audience comprising many ladies, mainly wives, sisters
and daughters of members of the Society.

President J. J. Beneke, of the St. Louis Florist Club, presided
temporarily and welcomed the visitors. He expressed his pleas-
ure in greeting them and said:

It seems but a short time since we all met at Milwaukee — a meeting of
which we have none but the most pleasant recollections. We then invited
you to our city and promised you a good time. We have provided it for
you, and I know we will be benefited by your presence here this week.

In the unavoidable absence of the Mayor of our city, I beg to present
to you the President of the Business Men's League, Mr. Cyrus P. Wal-
bridge.

THE FORMAL WELCOME AND THE RESPONSE.

Ex-Mayor Walbridge, who was enthusiastically greeted, wel-
comed the Convention. He said:

I am not quite sure as to the capacity in which I was invited by your
committee to extend a welcorne to your Society. It is barely possible that
their minds ran back to your last visit here, eleven years ago, when I had
the honor and pleasure of extending to you a welcome in the capacity of
Mayor of the city, and that they have since been so absorbed in their de-
lightful vocation that they have failed to take note of the political changes
that have occurred since that time. I believe it is the duty of every citizen
to have some knowledge of and to participate in the management of polit-
ical afifairs, but I cannot blame your committee much if their minds have
refused to be diverted from flowers to politics. The poet has said,

"To me the meanest flower that blows can give
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears."

"If too deep for tears," then surely too deep for words, and he must be
a bold man who would assume to express in language thoughts which
grow out of your chosen vocation.

We are told that God clothes the lilies of the field more beautifully

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 0

than was Solomon clothed in all his glory. May I not, then, with propriety
welcome you as God's lieutenants? Are not your lives devoted to the culti-
vation of brighter hues and stronger stems, thus to aid in making even
more glorious the works of the Creator? As such I welcome you; as such
I bid you God-speed; and as such I bespeak for you the most cordial hos-
pitality and friendly entertainment from the good people of St. Louis. (Ap-
plause.)

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, responded on behalf of the
Society, as follows:

This is not our first visit to St. Louis. As our friend has remarked,
we were here in 1893 and enjoyed the hospitality of the good St. Louis
folks. We have cherished recollections of that pleasant time. After our
Convention adjourned most of us went to Chicago to see the World's Fair
and to enjoy its glories and its beauties. There were those among us who
said to each other that it was not likely any of us would live to see another
spectacle of such magnitude, an Exhibition involving so much labor, so
much courage and so much enthusiasm, as we beheld there in 1893. It had
been my pleasure to be in Chicago when the stakes were being driven in
the swamps, whence was to arise a year later that "Great White City" that
was to astonish the world. That manifestation of Western power. West-
ern enthusiasm and Western courage made an impression upon me that I
shall never forget; and I did not dream that in one short decade I should
witness what we are all privileged to witness here today, in this city.

I say the world is indebted to St. Louis for what it has done. I say
that we have had placed before us the materialized expression of more ar-
chitectural grandeur than was ever seen on God's earth before. I have not
had much time to take in the glories of this wonderful display, but in a
short journey through those grounds, this morning, in an automobile, I was
filled with astonishment and delight. It is the privilege of all of you to see
it, and we are indebted to the people of St. Louis for this great treat.

I must say that, in the drive through the grounds, I experienced some
feeling of regret that the ornamental horticultural part of the Exhibition
has not reached the development that it deserves to. reach. As I looked
at those great buildings and saw the handsome vases which adorned them,
I felt just a little sorry that those vases were empty. I thought that if they
had contained some grand specimens of palms or combinations of plants
such as they ought to have had in them, how much they would have added
to and enhanced the beauty of those grand structures.

It was Lord Bacon who said, "As the ages proceed to civility and re-
finement men come to build stately sooner than to garden finely, as if the
latter were the finer art." So it is the finer art; and there will come a time

6 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

when the beauty of this art will be more highly appreciated than it is today;
there will come a time when, with the millions that are devoted to archi-
tecture in affairs of this kind, something will be devoted to ornamental
horticulture, as there deserves to be; there will come a time when we will
all realize, when the whole world will think, with Victor Hugo, that the
beautiful is as useful as the useful, if not more so.

Now, Mr. Chairman, I know we are here for business and that I ought
not to detain you longer. I will only add that we thank the representative
of the City for the kindly welcome he has given us, and that we hope this
will not be the last time we shall visit this good old town. (Applause.)

PRESIDENT BREITMEYER'S ADDRESS.

President Philip Breitmeyer, of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, upon taking the chair,
was presented by Mr. Beneke on behalf of the local club with a
gold-mounted gavel.

President Breitmeyer expressed his appreciation of the hand-
some gift. Prefacing his formal address with a complimentary
allusion to the ladies present, he reminded his hearers that a year
ago at Milwaukee, when elected to the Presidency, he had stated
his belief that that result was largely due to the ladies who had in-
terested themselves in his behalf. He said he now repeated the
statement because he felt that it had been verified today. He
added:

"I know that our Convention here will be one grand success, because
we have the ladies with us. I am proud to see them here. As to the gen-
tlemen, they know without my saying it that I am glad to see them.

I have prepared a few words for your consideration, and if you will
give me your kind indulgence for about fifty minutes I will read them to
you; and I shall ask to have your best judgment upon everything I say,
and to have a free discussion thereon."

The President proceeded with his address as follows:

Following the precedent established by the first president of this
Society and repeated by every one of my predecessors, I herewith present
my address. First, allow me to congratulate you upon the wisdom of having
selected this beautiful city as a meeting place of this, the twentieth conven-
tion of the society — this great city, which is aptly termed the commercial

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. <

gateway of the Great South. Eleven years ago it was our privilege and
pleasure to meet here under the presidency of our esteemed and dearly be-
loved Wm. R. Smith, through whose untiring energy and enthusiastic vigi-
lance for over eight years a national charter was obtained, and under which
our Society now operates with the dignity and prestige that most fittingly
belong to a society with the broad, lofty, progressive and elevating pur-
poses for which the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul-
turists was organized.

It is a happy coincident, too, that we are convened here at a time
when the Louisiana Purchase Exposition is open, with its many massive
buildings completely filled with brilliant examples of the latest develop-
ments in art and the various industries of the civilized world.

We can happily congratulate ourselves, also, that it is manifest to the
thousands of visitors to the great Exposition that the progressive and en-
terprising spirit that has made the show the great success it is has extended
to nearly every branch of floriculture and horticulture, and that as we pass
through these extensive grounds and the Horticultural Building we can see
evidences upon all sides of the florist's art and the results of the patient
and vigilant work of the horticulturist and landscape gardener. I was here
in March last and observed with alarm the really great difficulties which
lay in the way of those in charge of this feature of the World's Fair work,
and I behold today the most marvelous transformation from its rude prim-
itive condition to the beautiful park and pleasing slopes and approaches
that now greet us.

To many of our members who are present and who will see for the
first time the Missouri Botanical Gardens located here, there is a rich treat
in store, and when the great extent of these magnificent grounds are open
to them they will be forcibly impressed with the congratulations that are
due to this city upon being in possession of such a great educational insti-
tution. Its founder, the late Mr. Henry Shaw, has left an imperishable
monument to the great love for flowers and their elevating influence that
dwelled in him. Let us hope that the world may have many more of such
men and that every great city in our land will some time be the beneficiary
of men of such noble character and aesthetic sentiments.

Our Society.

With each recurring year it seems necessary to relate some of the
ai'hievements of the Society for the benefit of prospective members who,
notwithstanding the wide publicity given to our work through the trade
press, still sometimes ask the childish question: "What good will it do me
to belong to the Society?" Under the circumstances, one is at first inclined

8 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

to be provoked by the question, but following the obedience to our well-
known duty (for it is a duty that every member as well as every officer owes
to the Society), we answer that, for the past twenty years, covering the life
of the Society, the brightest minds and most capable men in every branch
of our business have been reflecting the net results of their experiences,
deep thoughts and investigations through the pages of the official reports
of this Society's doings. The methods of greenhouse building, cultural
.methods of the most successful growers, the most efficient manner of green-
house heating, the manner of disposing of stock at wholesale, the most im-
proved methods of the retailer, and subjects covering every branch and
phase of the business from the planting of the seed and rooting of the cut-
ting to the final disposition of the product, have been, by the existence of
this Society and prompted by it, actually scattered broadcast to all who
would but seek it.

We have inaugurated Trade Exhibitions annually and caused the same
to be open free to the admiring public; we have stimulated a spirit of emu-
lation between growers, which has resulted in bringing out the merit and
general excellence of their product, previously considered impossible; we
have brought together and prompted the friendship of the grower and buyer
of the East and the West, the North and the South; we have, by our annual
meetings, brought together the employer and the employee and fostered
the free exchange of their views unimpeded by fear or by jealousy; we have
removed the barriers so that the young can learn from the old and the old
can learn from the young; we have elevated the general aspect of the flor-
ist's occupation from former drudgery to that of a profession in which all
may be proud to engage; we have neglected nothing that would aid the em-
ployer and the employee and advance their material interests; we have been a
shining example of the great possibilities of a working organization which
has resulted in the multiplicity of similar societies working upon lines which
are daily improving our general condition and increasing our prosperity.
These great advantages have been shared in by the employee as well as by
the tradesman; they will continue to improve the former, and in this great
country, genius, enterprise and industry make it possible and quite prob-
able for the servant of yesterday to become the employer of today.

Following out this line of thought, I would say that if this Society
should disband tomorrow, it has accomplished sufficient already to justify
its existence and would deserve the everlasting praise of succeeding gen-
erations of florists. Being still more specific, I am speaking within the
strict confines of truth when I say that there is not a florist in the land
today, whether he is or is not a member of this organization, who has not
already been benefited from the latest triumph of the Society's efforts in
causing a reduction of 'express rates on flowers, after the individual efforts
of the largest shippers failed to accomplish it. The beneficiaries of the hail
insurance adjustment of losses of thousands of feet of glass have good rea-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 9

sons to join the great chorus of satisfied members. To further enumerate
the many acknowledged achievements of the Society would lengthen this
address and delay the proceedings too long, and I will conclude this part
of my address by saying that the Society will continue its life of usefulness
and will always be prepared to meet and remove from its path any obstruc-
tion calculated to impede its progress and beneficial influences.

The Future.

I certainly would like to see much more activity of our present mem-
bers toward obtaining new recruits. I am sure that even a little effort by
each would result in materially increasing our membership. The life mem-
bership has been particularly slow in growth, and I earnestly commend this
manner of support to all who are at all able. This year I have myself made
considerable effort to enlist many into life membership, and I am pleased
to say that the cheerful responses have been considerable, which leads me
to believe that much can be accomplished for the benefit of the Society
this way, if the efforts are made.

An examination of the official reports of our convention proceedings
will disclose the deplorable fact that the papers read at our meetings of
recent years are being less and less discussed by the members present. The
close observer will notice that this is not because of the lack of intrinsic
merit in the papers themselves, or the timely importance of the subjects
treated by them, and we are therefore unwillingly forced to the natural
conclusion that the cause lies in the evident apathy and apparent indiffer-
ence of the members, for whose benefit all the work of the Society is
directed. I therefore ask your earnest consideration of this matter, and
most fervently hope for a revival of that spirited interest in our meetings
which characterized the proceedings of the first ten years of the Society's
existence.

The Trade Papers.

The trade papers have rendered us much valuable assistance, and we
should feel grateful to them. They give wide publicity to our proceedings
and acquaint the trade with the value of our work; but I sometimes ques-
tion the propriety of allowing free publication of Society matters, which
belong properly to members only. It is sometimes claimed, and I believe
truly so, that because of such publications in the trade papers, it appears
to many that there is no necessity for belonging to the Society in order to
obtain copies of the proceedings in detail. It may be well for the Society
to give due consideration to this matter at this meeting and take such
action on it as may be found necessary after a free discussion.

10 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Trade Conditions.

From what information I have gathered, I am satisfied that the past
season has not compared favorably with the former in so far as profits are
concerned. The growers can partly account for this condition. The extra
cost of fuel with additional consumption explains much of the situation.
To make matters worse, the receipts, both in money and productiveness,
fell behind the greater part of the season. Let us admit this was the grow-
ers' experience. The retailer, who is not dependent on the same conditions
as the grower, and who is by no means at the mercy of the weather or the
results of a coal strike, admits that his business was up to all expectations
— in some cases exceeding that of former years. Taking for granted that
this is true, it is chiefly the growers who need the comfort of advice. As
your President, I take the liberty of saying a few words on the subject.
From all reports, the prices obtained for products in the East are in ad-
vance of those obtained in the West. There must be a cause for this con-
dition. Is it possible that it is due to over-production? The class of goods
offered in the Middle West is equal to the best in the country. Are the
prices? If so, I fail to see it. I venture to say the condition has grown
worse the last two years, and seems to have come as predicted — an abund-
ance of good stock going to waste.

I think this is an opportune time to call your attention to that part of
ex-President Burton's address last year in which he said all should take
caution and keep some of our earnings in reserve, and 1 believe he alluded
particularly to our Western brethren. I am of the same opinion. It might
be well for the progressive, who are adding enough glass each year to
alone swamp the section which they are in, to hold off building for a few
years. It may help to equalize the production. Let the consumption ex-
ceed the production if it will. The general trade may benefit by it; the
grower would, at least. I do not mean to discourage progress, for that
would be impossible. It would be reasonable for men in our line of busi-
ness to take a hint on what other industries are doing. For instance, a
car-shop can close the doors in whole or in part, if business conditions re-
quire it. They then await the awakening of business ere they operate
again. An entirely different proposition for the florists. A greenhouse
once built needs constant watching 365 days each year. With the present
condition it is well to yield. We know the building operations have been
far beyond normal of late; therefore, a bit of caution will not go amiss.
I think it would be well for some of this enormous glass area which is now
devoted to cut flowers to be used for growing a more extensive stock of
flowering plants, in which the public is of late showing so much interest in
all parts of the country.

I quote the words of a shrewd grower, prominent in lOur midst, in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 11

which he uses good logic: "No more building for me. I have a desire to
see what a bank account looks like. Since I have had the building craze
I have been a poor man." A good word spoken, I thought. This is too
often the case with the florists. They seem to have a hobby of being in
debt constantly, caused, as a rule, by the anxiety to build greenhouses.
We all know the result. Further, we are apt to establish poor credit;
whether it is by building greenhouses or building other houses, the credit
of our business can stand for improvement. Too often it is impaired alone
by the pure carelessness of those who need it most. This carelessness
sometimes extends to the point of even refusing the courtesy of a reply to
demands for payments, and we all know the natural result.

The Labor Problem.

The present time seems opportune for this Society, in some proper
manner, to do something toward the improvement of the conditions of
most of our employees. Even the casual observer will notice the rapid but
certain depletion in' the ranks of efificient help engaged particularly in
greenhouse work. It appears to me that a period of extreme: difficulty in
getting efficient help for the necessary requirements is close at hand, and
that we must make provision to meet it. We hear from many parts the cry
of an employer's inability to secure help with sufficient knowledge and ap-
plication to warrant their retention in greenhouse work with even a small
share of responsibility. About twenty years ago this trouble did not con-
front the employer anywhere. He could obtain the necessary help required,
from the small boy pulling weeds and cleaning pots to the section fore-
man. Apprentices were much the rule then and not the exception, but to-
day we find but few young boys at work in our establishments, and I am
led to believe the reason for it is that the usual compensation given for the
different grades of greenhouse help is, to the seeker for work, not suffi-
fiently remunerative when compared with the wages offered and received
in other lines. This, I think, is all a mistake. We should seek to employ
boys and teach them the business and educate them to feel attached to
their chosen line of life's work; but to bring about this change, which, if
done at once, would be a violent one, we must lend encouragement to the
youthful applicant by pointing out the possibilities in the lines of promo-
tion, with added responsibilities, wages and salaries, which will at once
seem sufficiently attractive to warrant the adoption of this line of work as
one's life vocation. At the present time there is not the least stability to
the wages and salaries given in any grade of greenhouse work, so that it
is impossible to point out substantial reward for the prospective young
florist, and the result is, as already stated, a scarcity of the help and a great
deficiency in the knowledge of those at all obtainable. Therefore, looking
forward to a possible improvement of this condition, I would suggest that

12

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

the Society appoint a committee to draw up a scale of wages that would,
in the judgment of the committee, properly compensate the service rend-
ered and be applicable to most places throughout the country, and let that
scale be as generous as the business can afford. Then we may be able to
enlist more in our pursuits than at present seems possible, and their merits
will be improved, for if we would elevate our calling we must elevate the
men engaged in it.

Amateur Societies for Home and Civic Improvement.

I am much impressed with the extensive good work being done in
nujiy parts of the country by these unique organizations, and I believe this
Society should substantially recognize such work by the awarding of suit-
able medals and certificates to those of their members who are particularly
successful in the advancement of such work, which, even indirectly, oper-
ates to the pecuniary advantage of members of our own Society. I earn-
estly hope that such action as may be necessary will be taken at this meet-
ing to carry into effect this recommendation.

During the past winter I had the pleasure of attending the lectures
in our city of Prof. Zueblin, on Civic Improvements, which pointed out the
great work done on these lines and the interest shown now almost univer-
sally in this most commendable work; and when I contemplate the interest
and real enthusiasm shown in matters horticultural, bearing upon improve-
ments and embellishments of home and public grounds by the League for
Civic Improvement, the Outdoor Art Association and similar organiza-
tions, I feel that our members are losing a grand opportunity to advance
this feature of that line of business, which belongs, almost exclusively, to
our craft. We may, I think, very properly, and to great advantage, identify
ourselves with these associations and lend what assistance we can to the
development of ornamental horticulture, thereby creating a further demand
for the class of stock required in work of this nature, and never losing sight
of the necessity of providing this stock. I observe that the nurserymen are
already alive to the importance of this branch of the business, which prop-
erly belongs to us, and their encroachment upon this field is the result of
our own indifference to the growing and sale of this very remunerative
class of stock.

In many of our public parks, notably those of Cleveland, where I was
recently shown around by ex-President Graham, I observed the almost en-
tire absence of beds of flowering plants. This I much deplore and fear that
'the extreme has been reached in following the ideas of the late Mr. Mc-
Millan, of Buffalo, who, some time ago, advocated a less profuse display of
this form of embellishment of public grounds and a more general use of
hardy herbaceous and other ornamental stock. I hope that flowering plants,
though annually replanted, will find favor with Park Commissioners every-
v/here.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13

Bureau of Statistical Information.

I would suggest that this meeting take decided action toward the es-
tabhshment and maintenance of a complete system of collecting reliable
data of all kinds relating to our business and its several branches. I be-
lieve this work should be thoroughly and reliably done by permanent com-
mittees appointed for the purpose, and that a compilation of such informa-
tion should be effected and preserved through the office of the Secretary of
this Society. Some attempts have been made in the past to gather statis-
tics of glass areas, etc., throughout the country, but they even have met
with indifferent and uncertain results. It certainly would be of great bene-
fit to all interested in the growth and general advancement of our industry,
to be able to reach, without difficulty, information, properly tabulated, cov-
ering the many phases of its development, especially so when such informa-
tion is absolutely authentic, as it necessarily would be when coming through
the reliable channels of the membership of this Society. Eleven years ago
this matter was referred to by our cx-President Wm. R. Smith, and I hope
this year will see the realization of this feature of the Society's development.

Closer Relations.

Three years ago it was thought desirable by many of our members to
bring about closer relations of certain other societies with this, the parent
Society, so that the co-operation of all might be effected to the mutual
benefit of all the organizations referred to. You are all aware of the failure
of our two attempts to adopt an amendment calculated to bring about the
desired result. Your Executive Committee again considered the matter at
its meeting in St. Louis last Spring, according to the instructions of the
Milwaukee Convention, and decided to again bring the matter up at this
meeting for final disposition. I hope that the amendment will be adopted
as it reads, and if the organization whose co-operation is solicited by it
fails to accept the same, it will be no fault' of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. I believe it would be far better
for the Society to go upon record as having offered this inducement to the
kindred societies, as in a large measure carrying out the good purposes of
the development of our industry as contemplated by the Society at its
original inception.

Arbitration Committee.

There seems to be a general desire for the restoration of the Arbitra-
tion Committee. From many parts of the country we hear of grievances
affecting our members and a manifestation of willingness to allow the ad--

14 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

justment of these real or fancied wrongs to be effected through a commit-
tee. Thus it will be possible to maintain the pacific relations between
buyer and seller that is so much desired and actually needed for the com-
mercial interests of our members. If the committee appointed a year ago
for the purpose of establishing standard sizes of plants and bulbs brings in
a report at this meeting indicating the practical feasibility of the plan, and
if such standards are adopted and put into operation as generally and com-
pletely as were the standard pots, then the work of the Arbitration Com-
mittee could be more clearly defined, and its usefulness would be far greater
than under the present circumstances, where no definite established
standard exists. After hearing a report of that committee, of which Mr.
Eichholz is chairman, we can, at this meeting, if having the approval of the
convention, establish at once the Arbitration Committee, as I can see no
good reason for deferring it for another year.

The Proposed Permanent Home for the Society.

I have given much thought to this important matter and must say
that as much as I would welcome the realization of this idea, I do not feel
very sanguine of the success of the project in the near future. When it is
considered that today, after the Society's existence of twenty years, our
treasury has only about $S,ooo in hand, it is difficult for the most enthu-
siastic to see in the near future the feasibility of a scheme involving such
a monetary outlay as would be necessarily required for the purpose. Even
the maintenance of such an institution, should it come into our possession
free of debt, would give much anxiety to the officers of the Society. How-
ever, the idea is a magnificent one, and I do not wish, in any way, to dis-
courage it, but, on the contrary, recommend keeping it alive and frequently
dwelling upon it so that its importance and desirability will grow in our
hearts at present and in the future. Thus the fond hopes of many of us
may yet be realized, even though the accomplishment of our object be
postponed to a time far distant.

The consideration of a permanent home for the Society leads me to
the thought that much of what we would naturally expect of a beneficial
character from such an institution is really easily obtainable through the
existing experimental stations already established in many of our States.
I find that these institutions, which are a result of a part of our taxation,
are admirably and completely equipped with both the knowledge and prac-
tical facilities for efficiently testing seeds, plants and cultural methods, the
issues of which can be obtained by the mere request of those interested.
Furthermore, those persons having such institutions in charge seem even
eager to give out unstintedly, for the benefit of all, the results of their ex-
periments and practices. I therefore urge our members to appreciate the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15

value of these available agencies and freely make use of the advantages
they offer us.

The Carnation League of America.

It seems fitting that our Society should give its ofificial approval and
continued encouragement to the Carnation League of America. Mr. H. M.
Altick, one of the Executive Committee of the S. A. F. and who is chairman
of the committee on the McKinley Memorial representing the American
Carnation Society, and which was endorsed by this Society a year ago,
has been expending commendable energy in behalf of this most deserving
project, which I am sure will meet the hearty approval and most generous
response of the members of this Society, whose charter happily bears the
signature of the late distinguished and beloved President Wm. McKinley.

Committee Work.

Another matter that I deem of sufficient importance to here refer to,
is the customary practice and usual instructions given to the various com-
mittees. In most cases where their appointment is deemed advisable a re-
port from them is not made until the next annual meeting. This, I think,
is a mistake, and would suggest that such committees do their work as
soon after the appointment as practicable, and make the report at once to
the Secretary, who could without delay apprise the President, and after the
approval of the latter, publication to the members could be made and the
result of the committee's work put into immediate operation. While con-
sidering the work of committees, I will say that I think this method of
making a division of the Society's work should be more freely exercised,
but men of the best qualifications should be selected and they should be
made fully aware of the prompt and efficient work expected of them.

The Trade Exhibitions.

The trade exhibitions connected with our annual conventions, I am
glad to note, are growing in extent, importance and popularity, and rightly
so, for the benefits arising from them are many and widespread. I sin-
cerely hope for a contmuance of this valuable feature of our annual
meetings.

Question Box.

Some of the most interesting discussions we have ever had developed
out of the answers given to inquiries from the Question Box, and I urge
the free use of this valuable avenue of information.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The Executive Committee.

To those of my Executive Board who were present at our sessions,
who have had the good work at heart and devoted their time and money
for the good cause, let me express my heartfelt appreciation, and I hope
the same enthusiasm will follow their entire term of office. To those who
were not present, I must confess that their absence was a disappointment.
We should understand it is largely a business proposition. Speaking for
myself, I should not accept an honor unless I felt that I would endeavor
to fulfill the requirements. When a man is shown the courtesy, and is in-
vited to give counsel in a society representing his trade's interests, he
should put forth all efforts to lend such assistance as lies in his power.
This question should be weighed well. We must admit that we all have
troubles of our own. None so bad but what may be worse. We should
be anxious and willing to lay aside our individual business a short time
for this cause. The Executive Committee is the inain machinery of the
Society. To them is allotted the year's work, and in order to do good,
effective work, it is absolutely necessary that every director fully determine
to do his share at each and every meeting during the term of ofBce, and
there ought to be men in our ranks anxious for the opportunity. This
year we have arranged a program that I hope will prove interesting and
valuable to all our members.

St. Louis Florists' Club.

In conclusion, I wish to use this opportunity to express my grateful
appreciation of the splendid work done in connection with this event by
the St. Louis Florists' Club. President J. J. Beneke, Messrs. Kuehn,
Tesson, Ostertag, Schray, Ammann, Beyer, Weber, Ellis and Koenig
have all, to my personal knowledge, shown extraordinary interest and ap-
plied themselves most industriously to the work assigned them, and the
happy result is the most complete preparation for this glorious Convention.

At the close of the reading of the President's address, which
was received with loud applause, and later characterized by Wil-
liam Scott as the most comprehensive and practical address ever
delivered before the society, discussion of it being deferred to a
later session, Secretary Stewart read his report.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17

SECRETARY STEWART'S REPORT.

Secretary Stewart, being called upon by the chair and warmly
applauded by the Society, presented and read his Annual Report.
It was as follows:

Mr. President and Members:

In presenting my annual report I take opportunity to congratulate the
Society and, through it, the horticultural interests of the country, on the
freedom during the past year from widespread calamities, such as the coal
strike and the express-rate burden, which had in the previous season
threatened our prosperity. While not a phenomenal year in any respect,
it would seem from the Vice-Presidents' reports and other sources of in-
formation from all sections, that a reasonably satisfactory year has been
passed. The records of the Secretary's office show that this has been the
Society's experience also.

The annual printed volume of the Society's proceedings for the year
1903, a publication of 228 pages, was issued to members in due time and
will suiBce as a report of our last meeting and its results, and of the en-
joyable hours we spent as guests of our indulgent and generous friends of
Milwaukee and Chicago, who proved themselves to be masters of the
science of hospitality applied with methodical lavishness unequaled in our
experience. The records show that twenty-four "certificates of merit,"
twenty-eight "honorable mentions" and nine "highly commended" diplomas
were issued by the judges in the Milwaukee exhibition, and that the gross
receipts for space rented to exhibitors were $2,248.62. It is also recorded
that one hundred and fifty-nine plant introductions had been reported to
the secretary's office during the year. This number included twenty-two
carnations, four roses, eighty-two chrysanthemums, six zonal geraniums,
three dahlias and forty-two miscellaneous plants.

The total number of members as shown in the printed list for 1903
was nine hundred and three, a net gain of twenty-five over the previous
year. Of this number seventy-five were life members. In the interim since
the issuance of that report the number of life members 'has increased about
fifty per cent, and our permanent fund has thus received a gratifying accre-
tion. The number of new and reinstated members for 1903 was two hun-
dred and eleven. They are credited to their States as follows: California.
Florida, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Canada, Oklahoma and Delaware,
one each. District of Columbia and Kansas, two each. Connecticut, Ken-
tucky and Louisiana, three each. Colorado, four. New Jersey, five. Min-
nesota, seven. Indiana, eight. Missouri, nine. Ohio, ten. Iowa, eleven.

18 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Pennsylvania, sixteen. Michigan, eighteen. New York, twenty-two.
Wisconsin, twenty-seven. Illinois, fifty-four.

The number of members of 1902 who have failed thus far to respond
to due bills for 1903 and the present year is one hundred and fifty-eight,
but this number will be reduced somewhat, as usual, by settlements at this
meeting.

Deaths have been recorded since our meeting in Milwaukee, as fol-
lows:

S. B. Sexton, April 19, 1903.
Mary S. Mann, January 11, 1904.
Josiah Hoopes, January 16, 1904.
Philip Gauges, February i, 1904.
Walter Kreitling, February 29, 1904.
George E. Fancourt, March 26, 1904.
John Young, April 29, 1904.
L. H. Foster, May 31, 1904.
A. Schmitt, June i, 1904.
C. H. Joosten, July 21, 1904.

Mr. Foster was State Vice-President for Eastern Massachusetts at the
time of his death.

From the foregoing it will appear that, although our organization is
numerically and financially strong, we have no increase in membership
such as we have a right to expect. A little missionary spirit exercised by
our members individually would accomplish more in this direction than all
the circulars and press appeals we can make. If all the State Vice-Presi-
dents should make the same determined effort which has been made by
one or two whom I can name, we should have no difficulty in passing the
one thousand mark and holding the lead.

The spring meeting of the Executive Board was held in this City on
March 5, 6 and 7, 1904. Our present meeting-place, program and other
arrangements for the conduct of the business and pleasure of this Conven-
tion are the result of their deliberations. A number of communications
were received and acted upon. Among them was one from the Secretary
of the Postal Progress League, and a special committee with the Secretary
as a member was appointed, with instructions to co-operate with the legis-
lative committee in the effort to secure the reforms in postal matters ad-
vocated by the League. It was voted to continue the issuing of silver and
bronze medals through various horticultural societies as in other years.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19

The subject of the methods of judging and making awards in the trade ex-
hibitions was given long and careful consideration, and in view of the in-
convenience and unsatisfactory results generally of the system hitherto pre-
vailing, it was decided to make the change which goes into effect at this
meeting, whereby the work of the judges is limited to regularly-entered
novelties, and the duty of preparing a detailed list of the exhibits devolves
on the Superintendent. The Secretary was instructed to have all existing
records of past meetings of the Board copied and bound in such manner as
to preserve them in good condition. The subject that occupied the great-
est share of the time of the Executive Board was that of the proposed
amendment to the Constitution providing for the enrollment of Sections,
which had been referred to the Board by the last Convention. The draft
of the proposed amendment as finally adopted by a unanimous vote of the
Board has been placed before the members of the Society in accordance
with the constitutional requirement, and awaits the action of this Conven-
tion. Your Secretary ventures to express the hope that this plan, the out-
come of many years' study of conditions on the part of those whose duty
or privilege it has been to think and to labor for the Society's welfare
and the advancement of horticulture in this country, will be adopted by the
vote of the Society when presented on Thursday, thus settling finally, and
wisely I believe, this annually recurring problem.

New plants registered since last report were as follows:

October 17, 1903 — Rose, Sir Thomas Lipton. This rose had previ-
ously been submitted for registration under the name of Leo XIII., which
title was withdrawn when it was learned that a rose of that name was
already in existence.

November 10, 1903 — Chrysanthemums, Miss Birnie-Philip, Cziffer,
Mrs. Swope and Peter Stuyvesant, by C. D. Beadle.

December 8, 1903 — Cannas, St. Louis and Milwaukee, by Vaughan's
Seed Store.

December 26, 1903 — Roses, Minnehaha and Hiawatha, by M. H.
Walsh.

January 11, 1904 — Canna Louisiana, by Conard & Jones Co.

January 11, 1904 — Nephrolepis exaltata, var Scottii, by John Scott.

January 21, 1904 — Rose Uncle John, by Peter Reinberg.

January 21, 1904 — Carnation Daheim, by F. R. Pierson Co.

January 22, 1904 — Carnation New Daybreak, by H. Weber & Sons.

February 23, 1904 — Roses Cardinal and Enchanter, by John Cook.

March 5, 1904 — Rose Gen. MacArthur, by Storrs & Harrison Co.

20 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

April 28, 1904— Geranium Telegraph, by Thos. DeVoy & Son.

June 20, 1904 — Carnation Pilgrim, by A. L. Thorne.

July I, 1904 — Double Sweet Peas, Raritan, Hudson, Delaware and
Passaic, by A. C. Zolanek.

July 18, 1904— Rose Arcadia, by M. H. Walsh. This rose had pre-
viously been submitted for registration under the name of Felicity, but
this title was withdrawn to avoid possible confusion with another variety
in commerce as Felicite Perpetue.

The admission of Adiantum cuneatum var. Croweanum to registra-
tion last year brought out a protest from the late J. H. Ley, that gentle-
man claiming that this fern was identical with one he had disseminated
under the name of A. hybridum. Your Secretary procured from Mr.
Crowe and Mr. Ley a number of plants of each, in various sizes and stages,
and placed them in the hands of Mr. Robert Cameron at the Harvard Bo-
tanic Garden for comparison under identical culture. After one year's
test Mr. Cameron makes the following report which seems to definitely
settle this question :

Botanic Garden, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass., August 5, 1904.
Dear Mr. Stewart:

After growing Adiantum Crowianum and Adiantum hybridum for one
year I find that they are quite distinct.

Adiantum Crowianum has longer fronds, grows more upright and has
smaller pinnules than hybridum.

Adiantum hybridum does not grow quite as tall as Crowianum, the
fronds not quite as straight or upright as Crowianum and are of darker
shade of green. The pinnules are much larger than in Crowianum.

Dr. Benjamin Robinson of the Gray Herbarium examined the plants
this day and said that they were quite distinct.

Yours respectfully,

Robert Cameron.

The following S. A. F. medal awards have been made through the
Societies indicated.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, allotment of 1902, a silver medal
to F. R. Pierson Company for Nephrolepis Piersonii, and bronze medal
to Wm. Thatcher for seedling dwarf Asparagus. Allotment of 1903, silver
medal to Joseph Tailby & Son for Hybrid Calla Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt,
and bronze medal to David F. Roy for seedling Canna Mrs." E. S. Converse.

American Carnation Society, a silver medal to Richard Witterstaetter
for Carnation Cardinal.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21

Cincinnati Florists' Society, aHotment of 1903, bronze medal to Henry-
Weber for Carnation Gov. Lowndes. Allotment of 1904, silver medal to
R. Witterstaetter for Carnation Cardinal and bronze medal to Bauer &
Smith for Carnation Indianapolis.

Where a medal of same grade has been awarded for the same object
by more than one society, the award first reported to the Secretary of the
S. A. F. has been given the medal, and the subsequent awards have been
recognized with a certificate of award in lieu of a medal, according to the
rules.

In accordance with instructions from the Executive Board, the Secre-
tary, in co-operation with the other gentlemen appointed, has done what he
could to promote an agitation in favor of the proposed postal reforms, but
v/ith the usual experience of indifference on the part of the members of
the Society, and now that the Postal Progress League proposes to carry
the fight into politics, the matter seems to have got beyond our legitimate
domain for the present.

Last fall a complete card catalogue of members was prepared and has
proved a decided advantage over the roll-book system formerly in use.
The large accumulation of Society material of considerable value, in the
Secretary's ofifice, makes it desirable that an office for its storage and the
transaction of the Society's business exclusively should be provided, and
adequate insurance carried thereon. The exigency having been brought to
the attention of the Executive Board a moderate appropriation to cover
the immediate time was made by that body last March, but it would seem
that this question is one that should be considered and decided by vote of
the whole Society.

With gratitude for the cordiality and cheerful assistance so freely
given by officers and members during the year, and hearty wishes for
ever-widening influence and continued prosperity, this report is respect-
Jully submitted.

It was ordered, on motion of Mr. Jos. A. Manda, seconded by-
Mr, P.~~A. Chopin, that the report be accepted and placed on
record.

22 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

TREASURER BEATTY'S REPORT.

The Annual Report of the Treasurer being called for, Mr. H.
M. Altick, of the Executive Board (in the absence of Treasurer
Beatty, whose ill health had prevented his attendance), presented
a detailed report, duly audited, and read a summary of it.

The following is the report as submitted:

TREASURER'S REPORT
January ist to December ist, 1903.

Generai, Fund.

receipts.

1903
Jan. Cash on hand f2, 710.77

" 31. Book 701-750 Initiation $245. 00

Feb. 25. 451-500 Dues 150.00

May 20. 501-550, 551-600 J

" 31. 601-650 Dues ) ^^'

Advertising, Cottage Gardens, 1902 . . . 40.00

July 8. Book 651-700 Dues, 1903 150.00

Advertising, Lord & Burnham Co., 1902 25.00

" Hitchings & Co., 1902 . . . 25.00

Cash returned by Fertilizer Committee 20.00

" 25. Book 701-750 Dues 1903 153.00

Aug. 31. 751-800 " 156.00

Sept. 8. 751-800 Initiation 1903 250.00

" 21. 801-850, 901-950 Dues 297.00

Oct. 20. 801-900 Initiation 480.00

Rebate Joint Agent Passenger

Assn., acct. June payment .. . 21.00

Interest on Deposit, Oil City.. 80.80

Total Receipts, Jan. to Dec. 31, 1903 2,539.80

CREDITS.

1903

Jan. 6. Vouchers 220 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y l375-oo

221 De La Mare P. & P. Co 384.75

, 222 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 156.00

223 American Florist '5.30

Carried forward ;893i.o5

l5. 250.57

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23

Brought forward $931 .05

224 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 375-oo

225 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 186.65

Aug. lo. 226 Daniel Gunn & Co 45-75

" 28. 227 N. Stafford Co 40.00

" 31. 228 J. I. Gilbert 120.25

Sept. 2. 229 C. B. Whitnall 41.00

" 4. 230 J. F. Kidwell & Co 15.00

" 4. 231 Derrick Pub. Co 3.17

Oct. 2. 232 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 356.69

15,257.00

Total Expense 2,114.56

Cash on hand 3,136.01

Balance Cash Citizens Banking Co 2,080.80

" " Home Trust Co 1,053.21

" " Wm. J. Stewart, error in re-
mitting for receipts Nos.
801 to 950 2.00

13,136.01

Life Membership Fund.
1903
Jan. I. Cash on hand 11,924.56

RECEIPTS.

Feb. 2. No. 62 J. N. May I25.00

63 A. J. Ivoveless 25.00

64 A. Farenwold 25.00

Mar. 23. 65 W. R. Smith 25.00

May 23. 66 David A. Dean 25.00

67 Fred. Busch 25.00

68 John Burton 25.00

69 J. T. Butterworth 25.00

70 George Burton 30.00

71 Alfred Burton 30.00

July I. Interest 38.48

No. 72 George Bayer 30.00

73 C. H. Kunzman 25.00

74 August R. Baumer 25.00

75 R. F. Tesson 25.00

Total Receipts 403.48

Total Cash on hand Jan. i, 1904 $2. 328. 04

Cash on hand, Germania Savings Bank ^^52,328.04

24 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Generai, Fund.
Supplemental Report to Aug. 5, 1904.

1904

Jan, I. Cash on hand 13,136.01

Receipts to Aug. 5, 1904 1,386.99

4,523-00
Payments to Aug. 5, 1904 1,541.07

Balance $2,981.93

(J,

BalanceXash, Citizens Banking Co 12,165.55

Home Trust Co 816.38

li <i

12,981.93

Life Membership Fund.

1904

Jan. r. Balance on hand 12,328.04

Receipts to Aug. 5, 1904 436.89

$2,764.93

Aug. 5. Balance in Germania Savings Bank $2,764.93

On motion of Mr. Alex. Wallace, seconded by Mr. C. W.
1 urnley, it was ordered that the report be accepted and placed on
file.

REPORTS FROM COMMITTEES.

The next business being the presentation of reports from
standing and special committees,

Secretary Stewart said: Mr. President, I have a report here, a very
brief one, from the Legislative Committee. It refers to some complaints
that came to the Secretary's office, and which were then referred to the
Legislative Committee for investigation, regarding the charges made by
certain express coinpanies, viz., that they had declined in certain instances
to grant the low rates, which were supposed to be in force, for shipment of
plants properly packed. An investigation has been made by the Legisla-
tive Committee. They find that all the leading expresses continue the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

25

special rates on plants properly packed; from which fact you may infer
that, if those rates are not granted, payment of any charges should be made
under protest.

The Committee ask for further time for the investigation of several
cases that have been referred to them; among them one on the matter of
Custom House charges, submitted by people in the West who had been
subjected to some exorbitant charges and unnecessary delays in getting
their imports there. Mr. Elmer D. Smith is familiar with this matter, and
if it is desired to learn further regarding it than is told by this brief report,
doubtless Mr. Smith will enlighten the Society. But the Legislative Com-
mittee asks for further time to consider it, as the matter was referred to
them. The report is signed by Mr. Farquhar, the Chairman of that com-
mittee.

No suggestion was made for action on the report, so the
presentation of committee reports was proceeded with.

Secretary Stewart: Another standing committee whose report has
been handed the Secretary, is the Peony Committee. Their report is as
follows:

REPORT OF THE PEONY COMMITTEE,

Juniper and Locust Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 20, 1904.

\Vm. J. Stewart, Sec. S. A. F.

Dear Sir: Referring to your favor of Oct. 17, 1903, in regard to regis-
tration of the Suzuki and lida list of peonies, the Peony Committee of the
S. A. F. held a meeting in Philadelphia November nth last and considered
the matter. While it was the opinion of the committee that it could not
positively be asserted that dissemination had not taken place to some ex-
tent previous to registration, such dissemination, if any, had been under the
original Japanese names or others unknown to the com'mittee. The idea
of registering these varieties under new English names under the authority
of the S. A. F. seemed to the committee a step in the right direction as a
preliminary to bringing order out of the confusion as regards nomencla-
ture. The committee therefore gave their unanimous vote in favor of ad-
mitting the list to registration and hope that the trade in general will
conform to these new and authoritative names. The committee strongly

26 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

recommends that all firms cataloging this list will bracket the Japanese
names until such time as the trade and the general public become familiar
with the varieties.

Respectfully submitted,

Edwin Lonsdale,
John T. Temple,
J. K. M. L. Farquhar,
Carl Cropp,
George C. Watson,
S. Mendelson Meehan,
William R. Smith,
Peter Bisset,

Committee.

On motion of Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C, sec-
onded by Mr. William Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., the report was
accepted and filed.

President Breitmeyer here called upon Chairman Henry
Eichholz, of the Committee on Standard Sizes of Plants, for a
report on that subject.

Mr. Henry Eichholz, of Waynesboro, Pa., Chairman of the
Committee, responded by reading the following report:

The undersigned beg to report, that after due thought and delibera-
tion, it seems to us: — To establish a list of standard sizes of plants, by
inches, would do more harm than good, as growers would grow their stock
so close to get height at the expense of strength of plants, and any amount
of long drawn stock would be the results.

We offer the following as the first step to the solution:

"A plant is of standard size, in any sized pot, when it is
sufficiently strong under proper culture for a shift into a larger
pot. The root action must be such as to hold the soil firmly,
and on the other hand should not be pot-bound."

We offer for discussion the following list:

For such plants as petunias, salvias, coleuses, chrysanthemums, helio-
tropes, verbenas, geraniums, dahlias, and flowering begonias, in 2 1/2-inch
pots, the stem should not be less than three nor more than six inches above
the soil, with not less than four leaves. Such stock should be short-
jointed and any undue forcing to obtain specified height would greatly im-
pair their value. The same class of plants in four-inch pots should be well

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 27

branched with the possible exception of chrysanthemums and dahlias, inas-
much as these are often grown in single stem. They should be not less
than six inches in height, and of symmetrical form.

Fuchias and abutilons, the same as the foregoing in a 2 1/2-inch pot;
but in the four inch size they should not be less than eight inches in height.

Carnations and roses in 2 1/2-inch pots, should be not less than four
inches in height, and in four-inch pots should be well branched and not
less than five inches in height.

Smilax, Asparagus plumosus and Asparagus Sprengerii in 2 1/2-inch
pots, should have not less than five growths not less than five inches in
height, witlt the possible exception of smilax which has been headed back
to induce strong root growth, for which three inches in height would suf-
fice. In four-inch pots, not less than ten growths nor less than seven
inches in height, except smilax which has been headed back.

Primroses in 2 1/2-inch pots, not less than three inches high, and
with six to eight leaves. In four-inch pots, five inches high with twelve to
fifteen leaves.

Begonia Rex in 2 1/2-inch pots, not less than three well-developed
leaves not less than four inches nor more than six inches in height.

Cannas in 2 1/2-inch pots, not less than four inches in height and in
four-inch pots, not less than six inches in height with three well-developed
leaves.

Ferns in variety, such as are generally used for filling small dishes,
vary so in height and style of growth that it is very difificult to define them.
In 2 1/2-inch pots they should average from 2 1/2 inches in height to five
inches, according to the variety. In four-inch pots, from four inches to
eight inches in height. Boston Ferns, in 2 1/2-inch pots not less than
three leaves, and in four-inch pots not less than eight leaves.

It is impossible to make definite sizes inasmuch as there is such a
wide difference in the habit of growth of many plants of the same species.
The individuality is very well marked in such plants as chrysanthemums,
begonias and ferns. In mentioning 2 1/2-inch pots, the standard size is
the size referred to, namely, 2 1/2 inches wide and 2 1/2 inches deep, and
not a two-inch rose pot.

Very respectfully,

Henry Eichholz,
Elmer D. Smith,
Jas. S. Wilson,
Richard Vincent, Jr.,

Committee.

28 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. Joseph A. Manda moved the acceptance of the report and
that it be laid on the table.

Mr. William Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., inquired whether the ob-
ject was to establish standard sizes for the whole country.

The President replied affirmatively.

Mr. Scott said that the size required in one locality differed
entirely from that which was needed in another locality; that size
had nothing to do with the quality of a plant. Therefore, while
he appreciated the work the committee had done, he regarded
their report as valueless as a guide in the establishment of a
standard for the whole country. He, however, seconded the
pending motion.

Mr. Manda's motion, being voted upon without further dis-
cussion, was carried without objection.

Secretary Stewart here presented a report on standard sizes
of cut flowers which had been placed in his hands by Mr. J. B.
Nugent, Jr.

Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Sylvania, Ohio, stated that at the
Convention last year a committee was appointed to prepare a
schedule of the sizes of cut flowers and weights of bulbs, of which
committee he had been made chairman. Subsequently he divided
up the work and, when attending the Carnation Convention in
Detroit, requested Mr. Nugent, a member of the committee, to
prepare for submission to the committee that portion of the re-
port relating to cut flowers.

Secretary Stewart explained that he had acted under a mis-
apprehension in presenting Mr. Nugent's communication in ad-
vance of a report from Chairman Cushman. As the report of
Chairman Cushman was entitled to precedence, it seemed that Mr.
Nugent should have handed his report to that gentleman instead
of to the Secretary of the Society.

Mr. W. N. Rudd, of Chicago, moved to recommit the com-
munication to the committee.

The motion of Mr. Rudd was carried without objection.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. .29

Mr. P. J. Hauswirth, of Chicago, on behalf of the Committee
on Sports, explained for general information the details of the ar-
rangements for the bowling matches, by the ladies and gentlemen,
at Palace Bowling Alleys, on the following day; for the shooting-
tournament at DuPont Shooting Park on Thursday afternoon; and
for the ladies' trolley ride around the city, to O'Fallon Park, on
Wednesday afternoon. He referred those desiring further infor-
mation to Mr. R. F. Tesson, who was in general charge of the
arrangements.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C. (during a lull in the
proceedings), referring to the terms used in reports which had
been read, suggested the query whether, in the scale for grading
cut flowers, the numbers "i," "2," "3," "4," "5" and "6" could not
be substituted with advantage for the terms "Special," "Fancv,"
'"Extra," etc., now in use.

INVITATIONS, CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.

Secretary Stewart, responding to the President's call, read
for information communications from the Lewis Publishing Co.
requesting a visit to its plant and conservatory, and from the
Kiralfy Company, a local amusement enterprise, inviting patron-
age by the Society. The invitation from the Lewis Publishing Co.
was as follows:

Society of American Florists.

The Lewis Publishing Co. invite delegates to visit their plant. A
parlor car will be placed at their disposal so that they can come over and
visit our plant and the conservatory. We will be pleased to entertain them
at Camp Lewis and give them a nice dinner there.

The Lewis Publishing Co.

Signed, E. G. Lewis, Pres.

Also invitations from various cities soliciting the holding of
the next Convention at those points; also the following invitation
from the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Company:

30 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

St. Louis, U. S. A., Aug. 8, 1904.
Mr. W. J. Stewart, Sec, Society of American Florists.

Dear Sir: We beg to extend through you to the delegates to the
Florists' Society of America meeting, a cordial invitation to visit our
plant during their stay in St. Louis.

If you could arrange to have them come in a body, and you will
kindly inform us of the day and hour, we will have special guides in readi-
ness to show them through.

Yours very truly,

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Assn.,

by Chas. W. Staudinger.

On motion of Mr. J. F. Ammann, of Edwardsville, 111., the
latter invitation was referred to the Entertainment Committee.

Secretary Stewart also read a communication from the Ameri-
can Sheep Breeder Co., of Chicago, asking for the endorsement of
the Society on behalf of Prof. Geo. F. Thompson, present editor
of the Bureau of Animal Industry, for appointment by President
Roosevelt to the position of Assistant Secretary of Agriculture,
made vacant by the recent death of Col, Brigham; also setting
forth the qualifications of Prof. Thompson, etc.

After an interval, in which no action was suggested, the com-
munication, on motion of Mr. P. J. Hauswirth, was laid on the
table.

Secretary Stewart stated that the Executive Committee had
set apart the closing session, on Friday, for addresses by distin-
guished visitors from abroad who it was hoped would be in at-
tendance at the World's Fair; and he had, by direction of the Com-
mittee, written to Mr. Wm. Watson and Mr. Wm. Goldring, of
Kew Gardens, London, England — the latter being Royal Govern-
ment landscape gardener at Kew — inviting their attendance at the
present Convention and assuring them that the members would
esteem it a great privilege to meet them on this occasion. He
said that no reply had been received from Mr. Watson, but that
Mr. Goldring had responded as follows:

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31

Kew Gardens Road, Kew, Surrey, May 27, 1904.
Mr. W. J. Stewart.

Dear Sir: I very much appreciate the honor of receiving an invita-
tion from the Executive Committee of the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists to attend the Convention of the Society
at St. Louis.

Will you kindly thank the Committee, on my behalf, for the honor it
has done me and inform it that I shall have much pleasure in attending if
I am at St. Louis on the date of the Convention.

I hape delayed replying to your letter, as I wished to ascertain if I
have to go to St. Louis in connection with the work I have done there,
but the matter is not yet decided. Believe me.

Yours faithfully,

W. GOLDRING.

Secretary Stewart added:

We have announced on the program for Friday that addresses will be
delivered by foreign visitors; and although we are not now able to give
their names, I am quite sure that a number of gentlemen will be here who
will be fully competent to entertain the Convention. Mr. Hadkinson and
Mr. Taylor, at the World's Fair grounds, are doing what they can to ob-
tain speakers for that day.

THE VILMORIN MEMORIAL IN FRANCE.

The Secretary read the following communication from Prof.
Chas. S. Sargent:

Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University,

Jamaica Plain, Mass., Aug. 6th, 1904.
Wm. J. Stewart, Esq., Secretary.

My Dear Sir: The recent death of Mr. Henry L.- de Vilmorin has
started a movement to erect in Paris a memorial to the Vilmorin family.
This family, as you know, has been prominent for one hundred and fifty
years in horticulture and agriculture. No other family has accomplished
so much useful work in these directions. The house of Vilmorin, Andrieux
and Co., under ihe direction of five generations of Vilmorins, is now the
principal establishment in the world devoted to the improvement of garden
and farm plants, and to raising and disseminating the seeds of these plants.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Every farm and every garden in the United States is indebted to this
family, and an American recognition of its services seems eminently proper.

It seems desirable that this recognition should be general and that it
should find expression in many small subscriptions rather than in a few
large ones. In France the largest subscription which has been made is
$ioo from the Societie Nationale de Horticulture, and many subscriptions
of less than one dollar each show how general in France is the admiration
for the Vilmorins among gardeners and garden laborers. A number of
subscriptions for the Memorial, none of them exceeding $20, have already
been made in this country, including subscriptions from the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society and from the Trustees of the Massachusetts Society
for Promoting Agriculture.

I call this matter to your attention, thinking that you may like to
present the subject to the Convention of your Society which is to be held
in St. Louis this month. I am one of the American representatives of the
general committee which has the matter of the Memorial in charge, and I
shall be glad to receive and forward to Paris any contributions which may
be made in honor of the Vilmorin family.

Yours truly,

C S. Sargent.

Secretary Stewart: Mr. President, it occurred to me, after conversa-
tion with Prof. Sargent, that perhaps the proper course for us to pursue
would be to appoint a committee to canvass our members while they are
all here together, and secure as many names as possible to a subscription
to be sent in as r-epresenting the members of this Society.

I move the appointment of a committee of three members for that
purpose.

Mr. Jos. A. Manda seconded the motion.

Mr. Wm. F. Gnde, of Washington, D. C, remarked that the
florists were deeply interested in the erection of the McKinley
Memorial at Canton, Ohio, and he thought that the success of
that work meant more to the florists of the world than any other
in which they could interest themselves. He regarded the sub-
scription now proposed as being for a very worthy object, but he
preferred to see an appropriation made directly from the treasury
of the Society rather than that the members should go begging for
subscriptions at a time when support was needed for the monu-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. « 33

nient at Canton. He suggested that an appropriation be made of
$25 or any other amount that the Society might see fit to vote.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y.: Mr. President, all of us must ac-
knowledge— certainly every one who has noted the progress of foreign hor-
ticulture— that the Vilmorin family has done as much for floriculture and
horticulture as any family in the world. I move to amend by increasing
the appropriation to $50.

Mr. Gude accepted the amendment as a modification of his
own motion.

The President took a vote, when the motion as modified was
carried.

Secretary Stewart said that members had called his attention
to the by-law prohibiting appropriations of money being made
until after a favorable report thereon by the Executive Board. He
read the by-law for general information.

Upon the suggestion of Mr. Gude, the vote upon his motion
was, by general consent, reconsidered, and the motion was with-
drawn.

Secretary Stewart: I think that the voting of a sum of money by the
Society would not be so acceptable to the French people as would the
contribution of small amounts from the many American admirers of the
great French horticultural family. The Society of course is able to sub-
scribe a larger amount, but I suggest that the view taken by Professor
Sargent should receive due consideration. It is one with which I person-
ally am in close sympathy. I should like to see all the gardeners given an
opportunity to contribute individually to the fund that is going to build that
memorial in France.

Now that the matter is again before us I will take the responsibility
of renewing my motion for a committee (I will accept an amendment that
has been suggested to constitute it of five members) to .canvass the mem-
bers of our Society and receive such subscriptions as may be willingly
given for this purpose, the same to be remitted through Professor Sargent
to the General Committee.

Mr. Joseph A. Manda seconded the motion.

Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit, Mich., inquired whether the

34 <» PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

subscription would be made in the name of the Society or on be-
half of florists generally. He said he thought the Society should
have the credit of it; that the French people would appreciate it
more highly if it came from this organization, and that it should
be remitted in the name of the Society.

Secretary Stewart: That is optional with the Society. It would seem
to be very appropriate to remit it as coming from members of the Society
of American Florists in Convention assembled.

Mr, Herman Thieman, of Owossa, Mich., inquired as to the
personnel and method of operation of the general committee re-
ferred to.

Secretary Stewart: As I understand it, there are three American
representatives on the committee, viz.. Prof. C. S. Sargent, Mr. D. M.
Ferry and Mr. Meehan. The latter is securing subscriptions from the
nurserymen, Mr. Ferry is conducting the same work among the seedsmen,
and Prof. Sargent has taken in hand the horticultural and floral interests.

Further discussion followed, during which Mr. W. N. Rudd
commented upon the fact, as shown by the by-law just read, that
a Society chartered by the United States was unable to spend fifty
dollars of its own money without soliciting its Board of Directors
for permission to do so, and was followed by Mr. Adam Graham,
of Cleveland, who commended the by-law prohibiting expenditures
except by authority of the Executive Board as a wise and neces-
sary safeguard against extravagance.

Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, favored the appointment of a
committee as proposed to canvass for subscriptions. He said that
what was proposed was a world-wide testimonial to a family whose
achievements in horticulture had made its name illustrious. He
desired to have the Society of American Florists participate to the
fullest extent in the American recognition of the value of the
labors of that distinguished family. He asked that that recogni-
tion should take the form of a popular subscription, in order that
all members of the Society and their employees might take part
in it. He spoke of the unanimity and enthusiasm with which the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35

French people had raised the fund for the erection of the Statue
of Liberty in New York Harbor, the poorer classes having cheer-
fully contributed their centimes in aid of that grand work.

The discussion here closed.

President Breitmeyer: The Chair thinks that Mr. Vaughan has made
this matter very clear to all of us and that the motion should be carried.

A/[r. Stewart's motion was here voted upon and adopted
unanimously.

The committee under the motion was constituted "by the Chair
as follows: Messrs. J. C. Vaughan, E. G. Hill, A. T. Boddington,
Theo. Wirth and Joseph Fuller.

The regular order of business having been disposed of, the
President invited remarks upon topics presented by the Presi-
dent's address. The near approach of the hour for the noon re-
cess, however, precluded any extended discussion.

Mr. Otto G. Koenig, of St. Louis, spoke briefly upon the
labor problem as one of the topics suggested in the address. He
said he had studied the question for three or four years, but had
not now an opportunity to discuss it in detail. He expressed the
opinion that the trade in general was in crying need of organiza-
tion in the details of work and that sufficient inducements were
not held out to young men to become florists. They went into the
factories and were better and more promptly paid for piece work
than in the gardeners' line of business. He suggested the estab-
lishment of a scale of wages commensurate with the duties of em-
ployees and that this should be such as to induce young men to
enter the profession. He continued:

They don't know how nice it is to be a florist. I mean by that that they
know nothing of the pleasant surroundings that go with the business. Now,
that is one point. Another is that I think there should be established a
well organized office, where a record of the abilities of young florists may
be kept and where they may ascertain what their wages are likely to be
after they have learned their trade and become accomplished florists.

86 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. Wm. Scott remarked that the President's comprehensive
and lengthy address contained many subjects of vital interest to
the Society, upon one or two of which he would like to speak
whenever an hour was set apart for the discussion. He compli-
mented President Breitmeyer by declaring that he regarded the
address as one of the best ever delivered by a President of the
Society.

Before adjournment a flashlight photograph of the Conven-
tion was taken, the members being grouped upon and in front of
the platform.

Adjourned.

THE PRESIDENT'S RECEPTION.

This popular social function was heartily enjoyed by all the
ladies attending the Convention and their escorts. It took place
on Tuesday evening, in the Convention Hall, under the auspices
of the local club. The guests took positions in line and were re-
ceived upon the platform. The genial President and his estimable
wife, Mrs. Breitmeyer, were assisted in receiving by Secretary
Stewart, ex-Presidents Smith, Gude, Hill and Scott, Dr. Wm.
Trelease, Messrs. Altick, Westcott and Wirth and Mrs. Beneke
and Mrs. Westcott. There was an orchestral performance' during
the formalities. Later an entertainment of vocal and instrumental
music was given. A double mixed family quartette, recruited from
the families of members of the local club, and the Paragon quar-
tette sang several selections. Miss Fliebaum, of St. Louis, and
Miss Perle B. Fulmer, of Des Moines, la., also took part, the latter
bemg in excellent voice and singing "Annie Laurie" with fine
effect. Mr. J. W. Rodgers, of Cincinnati, and Mr. J. J. Beneke, of
the local club, took part in the exercises, the latter impersonating
negro characters.

Refreshments' were served in the corridors.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37

SECOND DAY.

Wednesday, August 17th, 1904.

The Convention reassembled at ten o'clock A. M., President
Breitmeyer in the chair.

REPORTS FROM STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

The Secretary presented a package containing reports that
bad been received from the State Vice Presidents. He said these
comprised reports from the following:

Miss Amy K. Luf^nian, Alabama; J. A. Valeni.ne, Colorado;
Theodore Wirth, Connecticut; Geo. C. Shaffer, District of
Columbia; W. J. Ellsworth, Florida; P. J. Hauswirth,
Illinois, North; J. F. Ammann, Illinois, South; Herman
H. Junge, Indiana; A. H. Whitcomb, Kansas; S. M. Harbison,
Kentucky; H. Papworth, Louisiana; L. B. Brague, Massachu-
setts, West; H. R. Mitchell, Maine; W. C. Cook, Michigan; G.
F. Crabb, Michigan; O. A. Will, Minnesota; C. A. Juengel, Mis-
souri, East; Geo. M. Kellogg, Missouri, West; Lewis Henderson,
Nebraska; W. B. DuRie, New Jersey; Benjamin Hammond, New
.York, East; C. H. Keitsch, New York, West; E. R. Shaw, New
Hampshire; James M. Lamb, North Carolina; H. M. Altick, Ohio,
West; Gustav Ludwig, Pennsylvania, West; R. W. Greene, Rhode
Island; Martin Stork, South Carolina; H. Brown, Virginia; F. P.
Dilger, Wisconsin; H. H. GrofY, Canada.

Reports from the following were missing: H. H. Lilienthal,
California; Charles E. Critchell, Georgia; J. J. Perry, Maryland;
E. George, Ohio, East; John Westcott, Pennsylvania, East. The
latter gentleman was heard from in the sporting section later on.

38

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Secretary Stewart added: The Vice-President from Massachusetts,
East (Mr. L. H. Foster) is deceased. It is possible that some of the gen-
tlemen who have not reported to the Secretary are here with their reports
in person.

On motion of Mr. J, G. Esler, of Saddle River, N. J., it was
ordered that the reports be received and pubUshed in the Annual
Report of the proceedings.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF THE TRADE EXHIBITION.

The Secretary presented and read the Report of the Superin-
tendent of the Exhibition. It was as follows:

The trade display is a general success, all the floor space in the ex-
hibition hall being occupied. All exhibits are generally larger and more
elaborate than heretofore.

Following is a complete list of the exhibitors and their specialties.

Class A.

Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Nice Palms.

A. G. Greinei, St. Louis, Mo.,

Rare collection of Cacti.

Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago, 111.,
Palms, Ferns and Bulbs.

Geo. A. Kuhl, Pekin, 111.,
Fine Ferns.

Chas. D. Ball, Holmesburg, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Palms, etc.

Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa.

Palms, Ara,ucarias, Ferns, etc.

J A. Peterson, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Sample plants of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine and Adiantum
Farleyense and nice Pandanus Veichii.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39

Geo. Wittbold Co., Chicago, 111.,
Palms, Ferns, etc.

Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J.,
Orchids.

A. C. Oelschig, Savannah, Ga.,
Ficus.

Jos. Heacock, Wyncotte, Pa.,

Nice variety of Palms. -

Siebrecht & Son, New Rochelle, N. Y.,
Palms and Ferns.

John Scott, Brooklyn, N. Y.,

Fine display of Nephrolepis Scottii.

A. Jablonsky, St. Louis, Mo.,

Begonia Gloire de Lorraine.

The Templin Co., Calla, Ohio,
Begonia Templinii.

C. C. Poilworth Co., Milwaukee, Wis.,
Palms and Supplies.

F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y.,

Fine display of Tarrytown Ferns and Bulbs.

Robt. Craig & Son,

Palms and fine Crotons.

Harry Papworth, New Orleans, La.,
A display of Palms.

Louis Dupuy, Whitestone, L. L, N. Y.,

New Hydrangea Hortensia Rosea.

Class B.

No entry.

Class C.

Kroeschell Bros. Co., Chicago, 111.,
Boiler.

40 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Herendeen Mfg. Co., Geneva, N. Y.,
Boilers.

Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo.,
The Florence Boiler.

Class D.

Ionia Pottery Co., Ionia, Mich.,
Flower Pots.

Quaker City Machine Co., Richmond, Ind.,
Greenhouse Ventilator.

J. G. & A. Esler, Saddle River, N. J.,
Hose.

John C. Moninger Co., Chicago, 111.,
Greenhouse Material.

The King Construction Co., N. Tonawanda, N. Y.,
Greenhouse Material.

A. Dietsch Co., Chicago, 111.,

Greenhouse Material.

H. Thaden, Atlanta, Ga.,

Carnation Support.

Niagara Cement & Concrete Co., N. Tonawanda, N. Y.
Concrete Greenhouse Benches.

Lord & Burnham Co., New York, N. Y.

Greenhouse Material and Boilers.

Anders Rasmussen, New Albany, Ind.,

Cast Iron Self-balancing Ventilator.

Detroit Flower Pot Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich.,
Flower Pots.

The Foley Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111.,
Greenhouse Materials.

Michigan Cut Flower Exchange, Detroit, Mich.,
The Dilger' Greenhouse Tile.

Geo. M. Garland. Des Plaines, 111.,

Iron Gutters for Greenhouses.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41

Class E.

M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,

Ribbons, Baskets, Novelties and General Supplies.

H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,

Baskets, Bells and General Supplies.

Lion & Wertheimer, New York, N. Y.,
Ribbons and Novelties.

Reed & Keller, New York, N. Y.,

Baskets and General Florists' Supplies.

Samuel S. Pennock, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Ribbons and Supplies.

Adolf Brix, St. Louis, Mo.,

Artificial Wreaths and Prepared Goods.

L. Baumann & Co., Chicago, 111.,

Metal and Prepared Wreaths, etc.

Thos. Collins, Hinsdale, Mass.,

Cut Ferns and Decorative Green.

Schloss Bros., New York, N. Y.,
Ribbons and Novelties.

Sperry Mfg. Co., Owatonna, Minn.,

^ Lord's Frost-proof Shipping Boxes.

J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111.,

Large variety of Florists' Boxes.

Hummell & Downing Co., Milwaukee, Wis.,
Nice line of Florists' Boxes.

Dayton Paper Novelty Co., Dayton, Ohio,
Nice display of Cut-flower Boxes.

C. S. Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Supplies.

The Roseville Pottery Co., Zanesville, Ohio,
Pedestals and Jardinieres.

Ed. Jansen, New York, N. Y.,

Select line of Baskets and Novelties.

42 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

L. B. Brague, Hinsdale, Mass.,

Ferns, Moss and Evergreen.

J. Stern & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,
Artificial Flowers.

Hanfling & Kleppner, New York, N. Y.,
Baskets.

H. J. Smith, Hinsdale, Mass.,

Ferns and Evergreen.

Jos. Kift & Son, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Adjustable Flower Vases.

C. A. Kuehn, St. Louis, Mo.,

Wire Work and Garden Hose.

Wm. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y.,

Adiantum Croweanum and Supplies.

Danl. B. Long, Buffalo, N. Y.,
Floral Photographs.

Class F.

Clucas & Boddington, New York, N. Y.,
Bulbs.

Arthur T. Boddington, New York, N. Y.,
Bulbs.

Wm. P. Craig, Philadelphia, Pa.,

Fine Harrisii Lily Bulbs.

Class G.

Wm. Simpson & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.,

Motor Lawn Mower and Roller.

The McCray Refrigerator Co., Kendallville, Ind.,
Fine Refrigerators.

C. A. Kuehn, Supt.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 43

On motion of Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York, seconded by
Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, the report was accepted
and ordered to be spread upon the minutes of the Society.

REPORT OF JUDGES OF TRADE EXHIBITION.

Mr. Lewis Ullrich, of TifHn, Ohio, presented the Report of
the Judges of the Exhibition, which was read by the Secretary,
as follows:

The judges recommend the following awards:

Silver Medals.

F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., for Nephrolepis Piersonii com-
pacta, a beautiful and distinct variety of compact growth, more so than
the original N. Piersonii.

John Scott, Brooklyn, N. Y., for Nephrolepis Scottii, a dwarf and
sturdy compact grower and, even in the smaller sizes, this dwarf and com-
pact growth is readily seen. Apparently a good commercial variety.

Bronze Medal.

A. G. Greiner, St. Louis, Mo., for splendid display of cacti, euphorbias
and other succulent plants. This collection would be more interesting and
instructive had all the plants been labeled.

Certificates of Merit.

Wm. Simpson & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa., for Simpson's Motor Lawn
Mower and Roller. Because of its evident superiority over horse power,
convenience in handling and the efficiency of its work..

Geo. M. Garland, Des Plaines, 111., for new device for attaching
standard pipes in green-houses to the purlins. It can be adjusted to any
angle.

Danl. B. Long, Buffalo, N, Y., for improved three-colored plate
process, depicting with extraordinary clearness the natural colors of
flowers used in his address labels and florists' stationery.

44 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

King Construction Co., Toronto, Ont., for improved trussed roof
which commends itself to situations where upright supports would be ob-
jectionable.

Detroit Pottery Co., Detroit, Mich., for improved flower pot so con-
structed at the bottom that additional strength is given and the shape of
the bottom so made that the plant can be more readily removed than with
the old ordinary style. The drainage is also more complete.

C. A. Kuehn, St. Louis, Mo., for display of wire designs of especially
strong construction and beauty and finish of the work.

Reed & Keller, New York City, for adjustable plant stands and other
meritorious novelties for florists' use.

Peter Crowe, Utica, N. Y., represented by Wm. F. Kasting, Buffalo,
N. Y., for Adiantum Croweanum, having extra long fronds and being es-
pecially useful in floral work.

The Templin Co., Calla, O., for new Begonia Templinii, being a varie-
gated-leaved plant of distinct type.

Honorable Mention.

A. Dietsch Co., Chicago, for improvement in gutter construction be-
cause of the inclined position of the sills on the gutter plate, being able to
resist more pressure in this position.

Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington, N. Y., for clamp device for holding
together pipe for bench construction.

Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co., St. Louis, for boiler with large amount of
heating surface.

A. Rasmussen, New Albany, Ind., for Self-Balancing Ventilator, being
apparently easily operated and being made of iron, it appears is not sub-
ject to as much expansion and contraction as wood.

M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, for novelty in window screen with side
wings and wedding gate for church decorations.

Ed. Jansen, New York, for electrolier, new design kneeling bench,
new rush rope and imitation immortelle wreath.

H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, for display of baskets showing
colors of rainbow effect.

Lion & Wertheimer Co., New York, for violet corduroy bows and
violet printed scarfs.

/

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45

S. S. Pennock, Philadelphia, for display of ribbon that included an
American Beauty shade especially suitable for American Beauty roses.

Schloss Bros., New York, for bow-knot shower effect violet corsage
of novel design.

Sperry Mfg. Co., Owatonna, Minn., for Lord's Folding Frost-proof
Plant Shipping Box, a valuable and convenient box for protection of
plants.

Highly Commended.

C. C. Pollworth Co., Milwaukee, Wis., for a valuable device for re-
pairing broken glass. Its simplicity and apparent cheapness commend it to
greenhouse men.

Herendeen Mfg. Co., Geneva, N. Y., for small upright sectional boiler
that can be enlarged according to the requirements of a growing estab-
lishment.

Roseville Pottery Co., Zanesville, O., for improved Rozane jardinieres
and pedestals.

Louis Dupuy, Whitestone, N. Y., for Hydrangea hortensia rosea.
This seems to be really an old variety but a very good one.

The display of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine claimed by the exhibitor,
A. Jablonsky, St. Louis, to be an improved type, was carefully examined
and at the present stage of development of the plants shown, no special
merit at this season of the year, over the original, could be seen.

Respectfully submitted,

Lewis Ullrich,
Edavin Lonsdale,
J. F. Sullivan,

Judges.

On motion of Mr. William Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., seconded
by Mr. C. W. Turnley, of Haddonfield, N. J., the report was ac-
cepted and ordered to be spread upon the minutes of the Society.

46 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

TO MEET AT WASHINGTON, D. C, IN 1905.

The next order of business was the selection of a meeting
place for 1905,

Secretary Stewart: Mr. President, I hold invitations to the Society
to hold its next Convention at various points. These were alluded to by me
yesterday and, unless requested to do so, I will not read the letters, but
merely designate from whence they come. They are from the California
Promotion Committee of San Francisco, Cal.; the Bureau of Publicity of
Niagara Falls, N. Y.; the Hotel Victory, of Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie; the
Hotel and Convention Committee of Columbus, Ohio.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude: Mr. President, our annual report is so full of
literature that in this case I thought I would not burden it with a record of
a lot of letters. Two years ago, at Asheville, N. C, I had the pleasure of
presenting an invitation to the S. A. F. to hold its nineteenth annual ses-
sion in Washington, D. C, but we finally agreed unanimously to go to
Milwaukee, where we had a successful convention and a delightful time. I
am here today to back up the invitation of two years ago, and, with a dele-
gation of florists from Washington, to extend to you a cordial welcome to
hold your twenty-first annual session in that city.

In inviting you to the nation's capital I feel that I am inviting you not
to our city but to your city. It is one that belongs to the nation and is the
greatest capital on the earth. I believe — certainly I hope — there will be no
opposition to the choice of that city, because it is peculiarly fitting that at
our twenty-first convention our meeting place should be at the National
Capital, at the city in which our permanent home should be, where our na-
tional legislature sits and where some of the best results ever achieved in
horticulture and floriculture have been accomplished for us.

As to the attractions of Washington it is needless for me to enumerate
them, and as to Washington hospitality I need not dwell upon that. Those
of j'ou whom we had the pleasure of meeting in Washington twelve years
ago this month will remember what we did for you then, and that was only
an inkling of what we will do for you when we have the pleasure of enter-
taining you in Washington City in 1905. I therefore trust that the vote to
hold the twenty-first annual session in Washington, D. C, will be unani-
mous. (Applause.)

On motion of Mr. Wm. Scott, nominations were declared
closed.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47

On motion of Mt. J. F. Ammann, balloting was dispensed
with and the Secretary was instructed to cast one ballot as the
unanimous vote of the Convention for Washington City.

The ballot was cast, and the President announced that Wash-
ington, D. C, had been unanimously selected as the next meeting
place.

Mr. Gude: On behalf of the Washington delegation I return thanks
to the Society for the compliment paid to us, for it is a compliment.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMERICAN TYPE OF ROSES.

An interesting paper on this subject by Mr. E. G. Hill, of
Richmond, Ind., was read by its author and much applauded.

The paper was as follows:

By the question implied in the topic assigned me by the Executive
Committee of this Society, we may infer that there is need of largely sup-
plementing our present list of roses as grown in this country; nothing can
be truer than that the general rose grower feels this need, and it is to the
careful hybridist, and the persevering raiser of seedling roses suited to our
climate, that we must look for this supplemental list.

We need roses that will bloom in our grounds and gardens during the
summer and autumn; climatic conditions vary so greatly in our country
that it would seem necessary that several types should be brought out,
adapted to the varied conditions and requirements of the different sec-
tions.

It may be remarked, in passing, that California and the Pacific Coast
States have an ample source of supply for all practical purposes in the fine
productions of the rosarians of England and the Continent of Europe; the
varieties that succeed and flourish in the sections named do remarkably well
also in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, hence an effort to originate a
new type for these particular localities would seem an unnecessary under-
taking, although there can and will be improvements over such sorts as
now lend charm and beauty to the homes and gardens of the sections
named above, for some fine additions have been made the past few years,
but it will be a long time before such grand old sorts as Ophire, Lamarque,
Solfaterre, Reine Marie Henriette and Mme. Alfred Carriere are sup-
planted as climbers in the Pacific section, to say nothing of the large

48 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

number of grand bush varieties which flourish with such vigor and produce
such quantities of flowers.

The European rose hybridist, assisted by a kind Providence, has
placed at the disposal of the States of Washington and Oregon all that
could be wished or desired in the way of fine roses; no section of Eufope
produces finer H. Ps. and H. Ts. than do these two States.

If you would see Xavier Olibo, Louis Van Houtte, Ulrich Brunner,
and other choicest H. Ps., together with a sight of the finest La France
that soil can produce — then go to the Lewis and Clark Exposition a year
hence in Portland, Oregon; I am sure that you will not be disappointed.

That we need a new type of rose for the section north of Virginia
and Tennessee calls for no argument whatever. One of the first require-
ments of the type is a vigor of constitution that will withstand the ravages
of black-spot, or fungus, which is the first cause of failure in our efforts to
grow roses successfully in the Northern section of our country. A few
varieties succeed, but only a very few thrive and bloom as they should;
there are a limited number of favored localities where roses do very well
in the North, but they are few and very far between. The second require-
ment is a resistant texture of bloom, stronger than that possessed by most
of the H. Ps. and H. Ts. and Teas.

It is well settled in your essayist's mind that the two qualities men-
tioned above are absolutely necessary to the new type that we are seeking,
if it is to be of sterling value, and with these two must be united the third
quality — a hardiness which will take it uninjured through our rigorous
winters.

How shall we proceed in order to secure a disease-resisting rose,
with substantial texture of petals in its flowers, that shall withstand the
fierce onslaught of the sun in our hot, dry climate, and possessing a degree
of hardiness that will insure life through our severe winters? This is the
problem before us.

At first glance it would seem an impossible undertaking, for where
shall we turn for the blood to so reinvigorate our standard roses and who
among us will undertake to devote time and service and brain to an under-
taking of such doubtful remuneration and yet so laudable? Or will the
lovers of roses continue to be satisfied with the partial success achieved by
using the present varieties and, by various expedients, producing a more
or less artificial result not at all adequate to the expense and labor be-
stowed?

There are a number of distinct species of roses that should and no
doubt will be tried for this particular line of hybridizing. First I would
name Rosa Rugosa; whilst this species might not give us texture of bloom,
there could be no doubt btit that its offspring would have disease-resisting
foliage and a probability of hardiness sufficient to withstand our winters.
This should be tried persistently, using pollen from our best H. Ts. and

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49

H. Ps. and Teas, using the Rugosa as the seed-bearing plant and, whilst it
would probably require a long line of crossing and crossing back, I have
little doubt but that from this source can finally be secured our coveted
type which would supply our northern gardens with an ideal rose.

Bruant, Cochet, Muller, Wintzer and others have made a start in this
direction. We have Bruant's cross between Rugosa and Niphetos, named
Mme. Georges Bruant; this variety has the lengthened bud of Niphetos
showing distinctly the influence of the Tea variety.

Blanc Double de Courbet is a charming shrub for lawn decoration
and a most promising subject for cross-fertilization. Conrad F. Meyer is a
variety which has had transmitted much of the fullness and color of the
male parent which is said to be Gloire de Dijon. Atropurpurea, one of
Geo. Paul's hybrid Rugosas, will furnish the dark tints in any color scheme
devised or planned. Sir Thos. Lipton, an American Hybrid, introduced by
Conard & Jones, is said to possess many excellent characteristics. I men-
tion the above, believing them to be the most useful of the Rugosa Hybrids
and having made most distinct breaks from Rugosa proper. Other Rugosa
Hybrids are Philemon Cochet, Alice Aldrich, Belle Poitevine, Mme. Worth,
Calocarpa, Rose Apples, Chedane Guinnoisseau, Christopher Cochet and
Pierre Leperdrieux, and these are not all; they are enumerated to show
what has been done with this type, and as a reminder that the hybridist
need not go back to the original, but can use some of the fine breaks
already made.

I wish to reiterate the preyious statement, that I firmly believe that
immunity from the disease known as black-spot must come through an
infusion of Rugosa blood, and I would further state that your essayist is
not speaking from practical experience in the matter of crossing the pres-
ent popular varieties of roses with the Rugosas as his efforts have been more
largely made in trying to secure new sorts suitable for forcing under glass.

Other species of roses may offer as fruitful a field for the hybridist
as the Rugosa and why not try what can be done with our native American
species? The climbing Prairie types were secured from this source, and
they certainly possess hardiness in connection with a fair amount of full-
ness, two distinct qualities essential to the new type.

.American hybridists have given us many charming Wichuraiana
crosses, and fine results have crowned the efforts of l^lessrs. Van Fleet,
Manda, Walsh, Perkins and Dawson. The serious question, often pro-
pounded, is "Are they hardy?" Sometimes they winter perfectly, and
again an occasional season finds them killed back severely; your essayist
has not had long enough experience with out-door grown stock of Dorothy
Perkins, The Farquhar, W. C. Egan, Manda's Triumph, and other Wichurai-
ana crosses to speak with certainty as to their hardiness, but he believes
that it is affirmed of them by their raisers.

Crimson Rambler is at once the most unique and the most satisfac-

50 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

tory rose grown in the northern half of our country. No other rose can
dispute with it the right to a first place in general popularity with the
American people for porch and pillar purposes; the wide dissemination of
the rose, its tremendous sale the present season, and the prospective de-
mand for future planting, exceeds that of any other rose introduced into
the American garden. Experiments at Richmond with this variety tend to
strengthen the opinion that a few years will give us white, blush and inter-
mediate shades in this particularly interesting rose. To be sure, we have
had Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, but between these and Turner's Crim-
son Rambler there is a wide difference of character.

To secure the new type of garden rose outlined will necessitate care-
ful, painstaking labor, extending over a long period of time. One year or
two will not bring it to us; it has taken a full third of a century to bring
the Hybrid Tea to its present stage of development. It is a long stride
' from Antoine Verdier, Mile. Bonnaire, and La France, to the family as it
is composed today. It might be mentioned in passing that the three varie-
ties named above were the result of accidental insect pollenization: the
evolution of the H. T. class is mentioned simply to show that time and
patience are prime factors in creating and perfecting a new type.

We, the members of this Society, might earnestly question as to how
we can best aid in a consummation so earnestly desired, so necessary to the
widening popularity of the rose in our American gardens. Enthusiastic,
personal effort must be the ground work of the movement, which may be
encouraged by the award of the Society's medal to meritorious seedlings
whose constitution and texture of bloom make them desirable additions to
our outdoor roses. As indicated previously the efforts at Richmond have
all been made in the interest of winter-blooming sorts and, while this has
been the aim, several very promising varieties, other than forcing sorts,
have been produced which are now being tested as garden varieties.

The florists of America have been notoriously lax as a profession in
their efforts to improve the rose, nearly all our finest varieties being of for-
eign origin and, while we may rightly covet the honor of producing some-
thing fine and grand, we have been exceedingly blameworthy in sanctioning
the act which robbed an eminent French rosarian of his honors, when we
allowed the renaming of Mme. Ferdinand Jamain, calling it American
Beauty.

We have the genius and the talent to produce an American type of
rose if our members will but apply themselves to the task at hand. Shall
we attempt this work or shall we go on in the old way, trusting to luck
and to the products of foreign skill to supply us with roses suitable for our
own gardens and hdmes?

Tlie President invited discussion of the paper.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., expressed his regret that,
having been called from the hall during the greater part of Mr.
Hill's address, he was unable to discuss its points in detail. He
continued:

I know this, that what those worthy people, the Vilmorins, have been
doing in France for the last century Mr. Hill has been doing in our great
country. I believe that out of his efforts will come an American type of
rose that perhaps will lead the world. I propose a vote of thanks to that
gentleman for his most instructive and interesting paper.

Voices all over the hall seconded the motion.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York: Mr. President, in common with every
one else present I was very much interested in this paper. One or two
features of it struck me most forcibly; the first being that for eliminating
black spot from our roses, it is necessary to infuse some of the blood of the
Rugosa type. We know what an immense value it would be to our grow-
ing roses if we could eradicate the tendency to black spot; but on the spur
of the moment it strikes me that in the effort to get rid of one trouble we
would bring in another. We all realize that one of the valuable things about
a rose is to make a handsome appearance in a bunch. Take for instance
Madam Gabriel Luizet. There is no finer garden rose in existence, but if
you want to cut it and present it to anybody you have to sit down and
dethorn it. If you infuse the Rugosa blood into it I am afraid we are to
get a very spiny rose. This is a matter which should have particular con-
sideration.

A word in respect to Mr. Hill's remarks about the American Beauty
rose. I read in one of the trade papers, not long ago, that the veteran
rosarian, John Charles Koch, of Baltimore, still insists that the rose which
is known today as "American Beauty" was a seedling raised by him. Now,
it is nothing unusual to have a seedling, perfectly true and legitimate, so
like a variety that is already in commerce that it is almost impossible to
distinguish them. One variety raised by a firm in New Jersey and sold to
Peter Henderson & Co., was called Dinsmore, and yet Madam Charles
Wood and Dinsmore are so near alike that they are practically one variety.
Unquestionably they both came from a seedling. The man who raised
Dinsmore has been producing new varieties of roses for years, some of
which he has succeeded in introducing into the market. The claim made
about American Beauty might warrant investigation at least to try to have
the question settled once for all. With Mr. Hill we all deplore the fact that
a man should be deprived of the honor that is due him as a raiser of that
variety. In this particular instance the rose itself is to all intents and pur-

52 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

poses an American variety, so far as utility is concerned. On the other side
of the Atlantic it is not worth "shucks" as a forcing rose; in fact it is little
valued here as an outside garden rose. If the rose had been an American-
raised seedling and had been subsequently rediscovered at Washington
then it would be well to have it verified. (Applause.)

Mr. Wm. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, being called upon
by the Chair, said:

Mr. President, I was delighted, as a listener, by the very suggestive
essay that Mr. Hill has delivered. I think it is full of very excellent facts
and will lead to a great and grand result. As to the question of the name
"American Beauty," that is one of those things that had better be let alone.
I think that Mr. Hill is entirely right on the subject. From my long ex-
perience I am satisfied that the name is an American fraud. 1 regret to say
it and also that it happened in Washington. But I think we had better "let
that flea stick to the wall," and say as little about it as possible.

I am obliged to Mr. Hill for his suggestive article; and if the Society
and each individual here who has a fancy for the rose will take up those
suggestions, a multiplicity of experiments will follow, not with one or two
but with hundreds of seedlings, and we will achieve a grand result in the
production of new American roses. I think that the black spot is in the
constitution of the rose; consequently if we get one with a healthy constitu-
tion, even if it has a good many "spines" on it, as my distinguished friend
(Mr. O'Mara) calls them, I think I would be perfectly willing to rub off
the spines if the lady was good looking. (Applause.)

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, was here called upon.
He said:

Mr. President, I cannot add anything to what has already been so
well said in the very interesting and instructive paper that Mr. Hill has
prepared and delivered to us, but I would like to know if there is not some
better way than is generally followed by the public at large in taking care
of the many very beautiful varieties of roses we already have. What I
would like to know is, whether that great fungicide, Bordeaux Mixture,
has been tried to prevent the much-dreaded "black spot" and other dis-
eases to which roses growing out of doors are subjected. I believe it
would be better to do that rather than encourage carelessness in the culti-
vation of the rose by trying to produce varieties that would give little or
no trouble. What" is needed is more vigilance in trying to combat dis-
eases, for I am very much afraid we will have to wait a very long time
before we can lay claim to having a list of roses that are disease proof.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53

It would be interesting to many of us to listen to the experiences of those
who had tried Bordeaux or other fungicides to kill diseases peculiar to the
rose, for roses as seen existing in many gardens are a sorry looking lot.

Mr. Hill: I may add that I think it has been successfully tried in a
number of the leading nurseries of the country. I think the Storrs and
Harrison people are using it. But there are a great number of varieties
that seem to succumb to the ravages of this spot during a very few hours'
time. That is, the night before perhaps they will be perfectly healthy, when
there will come a cold north wind or some other climatic change, and the
next morning the leaves are spotted half way or two-thirds of the way up
the stem. I think myself that Bordeaux Mixture properly applied would
alleviate the situation.

Now, in regard to the spines of Rugosa I think that careful interbreed-
ing or cross breeding would eliminate the spines. Take the variety Rose
Apples, and I think two or three of the Rugosa hybrids — these show less
inclination to produce spines on their stems than the Rugosa type proper.
I have not the least doubt but that we could weed out the objectionable
features in the Rugosa and instil into this new type hardiness. That is the
prime factor. But just think for a moment of what it would mean to the
florists, to the rose growers and nurserymen of this country, if we could say
to the people of the Middle North: "Here is a set of roses that will grow
and flourish. East, West and North." Why, the rose industry of the pres-
ent day is utterly insignificant as compared with what it would be could we
offer such a set of roses to the people of the West and North. Now, I
think it is worth our efforts to try to produce this rose. I believe it can
be produced, and the question is will we try to produce it?

Mr. A. Jablonsky, of Wellston, Mo., said that the Rugosa
roses grown by a friend of his had bloomed well for a time but he
noted that under certain climatic conditions they showed black
spot just as much as any other roses. He did not think that the
infusion of the Rugosa blood would eradicate that disease. His
opinion was that climate and locality had a great deal to do with
rose growing, and that roses that were suitable for one place would
not thrive in another. He thought it would be a long time before
they could get a rose applicable to the whole country but, by se-
lecting, they could be able to produce it for certain locaHties.

Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Colo.: I don't think that Mr. Hill
intended to have us understand that every seedling of the Rugosa is going
to have the resisting power of the Rugosa cross any more than the progeny
of any one individual flower is going to carry the characteristics of the

54 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

parent. But the chances are that with the resisting power of the Rugosa
on one side the seedling is going to have that characteristic. This will not
be true in every case, but it will be on an average. You may find some
weak seedlings of the Rugosa, but as a general proposition the Rugosa
seedlings are going to be vigorous, strong and hearty.

I would like to have Mr. Hill tell us briefly how he proceeded in pol-
lenizing roses so as to get seed. I have been encouraged to dabble a little
in that myself but not with any success. I think that if Mr. Hill would tell
us about it here from the platform we might get a little enthusiasm where
we would not if we were reading about it in cold type.

Mr. Hill: Well, I don't know that I have the process reduced to a
science by any means. It is a very simple procedure indeed. Climatic con-
ditions have considerable to do with the pollen, that is, in finding the
pollen in its ripe condition. Now, many people think they have to use the
pollen directly from one flower to the other. But such is not the case.
You can gather pollen and keep it for a considerable length of time, and
then you can apply it to the rose you wish to have act as the seed-bearer
or female. The process is very simple. I use a small camel's hair brush or
take a piece of soft pine and chew the end of it until it bristles with little
fine particles or fibres. That will hold the pollen very nicely. You can
transmit directly from the rose producing the pollen to the variety that
you wish to pollenize. I have kept pollen for six weeks, have applied it to
the roses that I wished to operate upon and have had most excellent
results.

Now, that is not the secret of raising seedling roses at all. That of
course is ihc initial procedure but that does not cover the operation by any
means. The point is to ripen the seed after you have pcllenized these
cross-fertilized roses. Why, I might state to you that I cross-fertilized, one
year, fifteen hundred Bride and Bridesmaid roses; and the heps grew to the
size of my thumbnail, three-quarters of an inch in diameter, many of them.
Yet some particular climatic condition would be produced on account of
the moisture, in the atmosphere; and in spite of every precaution, in spite of
all that could be done, in a few hours' time or in a night's time, the heps
on Brides and Bridesmaids would be rotten in the morning. I have never
succeeded, out of the several thousand Brides and Bridesmaids that I have
pollenized, in saving but two or three pods. Only one seedling has re-
sulted from all the work in that particular line, and that variety is of no
value whatever except that I hope in the future it may do as a breeder.
Does that cover your inquiry, Mr. Valentine?

Mr. Valentine: It does. I thank you.

Mr. Hill: That is about all I have to say. The art is in ripening the
seed. And of course you have to keep the plants on the dry side. An-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55

Other thing: You don't want the red spider to denude your pollenized
plants by its ravages; that is, you don't want to lose the leaves. And when
you syringe, that is a very risky proceeding. If you syringe these roses and
there comes a thunder storm along — in the case of a great many of the
varieties — away go your heps in spite of all you can do.

A member here asked whether black spot on the rose was
caused by a fungus or by a small insect.

Mr. Hill: I understand from the experimental stations that it is a
purely fungoid disease.

Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Sylvania, Ohio, asked Mr. Hill if what
he did was anything more than to keep the pollen in a receptacle,
away from air and moisture.

Mr. Hill: Well, I have kept it both ways. I usually keep it in a
little tin box or it may be kept in a vial that has a stopper to it; but I
think it Vv'ill keep perfectly without being in an air-tight receptacle.

Mr. J. A. Valentine asked as to what had been found to be the
most advantageous condition of the buds when the pollen was
about to be applied, in other words, as to when the rose was in
the proper condition to be pollenated.

Mr. Hill: That is something that comes through practice, and I think
if Mr. Valentine or any other member will practice the poUenization he will
soon learn the proper conditions. I think it is useless to apply the pollen
to the plant to be fertilized in an immature condition. You want to catch
it when just ripe. Several growers, including Mr. John Thorpe, think that
when the air is electrically charged it helps along artificial fertilization but
I don't know whether there is any virtue in that or not. I don't believe
that I could answer Mr. Valentine's question intelligently except to say
that the information may-come through practice; but I think that you could
apply the pollen and, even if the flower was not in a receptive condition at
the time, the pollen would survive and cross fertilization would take place
later.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York: In regard to the keeping of the
pollen, I know that one of the most successful tomato raisers under glass
saved the last flowers from the outdoor crop. They were placed in oil
paper and hung up in the greenhouse. When the first flowers come into
bloom within doors, the pollen is taken from the outdoor flowers which
had been saved and applied to those that come under glass.

56 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. Hill: I don't know of any one here who can talk to us more
intelligently on this point than Mr. Elmer D. Smith. He has not operated
on this line, but the same principle applies in chrysanthemums and other
classes of plants. I think we ought to hear from him. (Applause.)

Mr. Elmer D. Smith, of Adrian, Mich.: I don't know that I can
throw any light on the subject other than this. Most of you gentlemen
have fertilized the carnation, and you know that when the hairy growth is
produced on the pistil then is the time to apply the pollen. The same thing
applies to the rose. The pistils have this hairy light growth to which the
pollen adheres, and this condition must be observable before you apply the
pollen.

Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind. : Mr. Hill spoke of the
rotting of the fruit of the rose, the little apple. Has he ever tried covering
it with tissue paper or oil paper to prevent rotting because of the moisture
settling on the apple? I know this is done in other cases. Why would it
not be a good plan to cover this fruit of the rose with something to keep
the moisture from it and prevent it from being susceptible to the rot?

Mr. Hill: Yes, that has been tried; I have tried it in hundreds of cases
but did not get results from it. Of course that will help, in the matter of
syringing, to keep the moisture from the hep after it is set; but when the
climatic conditions are such that the atmosphere is surcharged with mois-
ture it seems to fill the plant with an excess of sap that goes rushing to
these fertilized heps. I cannot explain it in any other way. The covering
with oil paper or tissue paper does not seem to avail.

Mr. Wm. Scott: I have not attempted the fertilization of roses but
have, in a small way, that of carnations. I ask Mr. Smith, when the point
of the stigma shows a glutinous surface or is moist is not that a good indi-
cation that it is the right time to apply the pollen?

Mr. E. D. Smith: It is sometimes. But I think it is with roses as
with carnations; this hairy substance is to appear on the pistil before fer-
tilization.

Mr. Wesley Greene, of Des Moines, Iowa: In many plants I have
had great difficulty in securing vitality of the seeds. If there is an affinity
between the varieties of course the plant may grow and develop. The diffi-
culty is not in the crossing but it is in maturing the seed after the plants
are crossed. In many of our apples, if we get a fairly good growth, the seed
will not germinate; , they will grow on to maturity and then decay, there is
no vitality in the seed. I have had trouble with flowers in the same way. I
would ask Mr. Hill if his experience has been along the same line, whether
he has had the same trouble.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57

Mr. Hill: The heps fertilized in different years vary very greatly,
and I attribute that to the climatic conditions prevailing during the season.
I know that in one season I had the good fortune to germinate something
like eight thousand seedling roses and nearly every seed germinated. In
the following year the method of procedure was the same, in fact I thought
I was a little more careful if anything, and less than one-fourth, I think,
germinated that year. There are some conundrums in this matter of ripen-
ing seeds and getting the seed to germinate. But I think the primal
requisite is to keep your plant in normal condition, perhaps a little on the
dry side. Try to avoid an excess of moisture at the root, at any one par-
ticular time, and carry it free from the influence of rain storms or extra
syringing and things of that kind.

There is not much trouble in getting roses to germinate. I think that
many people make a mistake of keeping the seed out of the ground too
long. I think it is best to sow the seed rather early in the winter or at the
end of the fall months, in November. The seed will lie dormant for a con-
siderable length of time; and if the seed is thoroughly ripe (that is the
primal requisite), if you get the seed brown and dark colored like the husk
of a chestnut, there will be very little trouble about their germination then.

On motion of Messrs. William Scott and Jos. A. Manda, the
discussion closed; when the pending motion by Mr. Scott, tender-
ing to Mr. Hill a hearty vote of thanks for his very interesting
and instructive paper, was carried with applause.

BULB-GROWING AT ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, ILL.

A paper on this subject, by Mr. George Klehm, of Arlington
Heights, Ills., was read by Secretary Stewart, by request. It was
as follows:

Our experience in the cultivating of bulbs on a moderate scale began
in 1885, with the ordinary kinds of tulips which are used for forcing pur-
poses, together with about half a dozen kinds of narcissus.

We selected a low, well-drained, deep black loam for the purpose.
The ground was heavily manured with the ordinary manure from the horses
and cows, in April. Deeply plowed and kept cultivated during the summer
until the middle of August, when planting commenced and by the first of
September was finished.

In the beginning we grew everything in long rows fifteen inches apart
and bulbs of the first size were spaced three inches. Afterward, we changed
to growing in beds four feet wide with rows nine inches apart and spaced

58 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

three inches — that is for the first size. The stock was graded into firsts,
seconds and thirds. The average depth when planted would be three inches
to the top of the bulb. Just before Thanksgiving day a mulcliing of short
manure was spread three inches thick evenly over the whole surface, about
a third of this being removed in the first week of April.

The flowers were all removed just before opening, care being taken
to leave the stems as long as possible. The growth was encouraged and
maintained so as to ripen the bulbs thoroughly before digging. Some kinds
such as Artus, Due Van Thol, La Reine and Pottebaker, occasionally suf-
fered in the hot spells of weather which often happen in early May, while
such kinds as Kaiser Kroon, Cottage Maid and Yellow Prince were not in
the least affected. Neither were the Parrots, Gloria Solis, Gesneriana, or
the other species we grew.

After digging, the bulbs were put in trays about three inches thick and
placed in an open shed until dry, when they were cleaned, graded and
placed in dark storage till planting time.

As regards the size and quality of the bulbs compared with those
imported, the majority of the varieties did not produce as large bulbs, but
in the earliness and ease of forcing, the size of the flower and length of
stem, when grown under the same conditions, little if any differences were
observable. Our crops of bulbs for several years averaged more than one
hundred thousand.

Of the narcissus we grew the double varieties, as Von Sion, Orange
and Sulphur Phoenix and Poeticus. Of the single, Bicolor, Tenby, Early
and late Poeticus and Jonquils. These were given about the same treat-
ment as the tulips except that, as a rule, they were not taken out of the
soil until about the first of July, when the largest bulbs were selected for
forcing and the smaller ones were planted after the tulips. For some
years we grew quantities of Von Sion and the single Poeticus for cutting,
out of doors. Some years they were profitable enough, other years they
did not more than clear expenses.

We have been growing Lily of the Valley extensively for ten years.
They are planted in heavily manured ground, as soon as the spring opens,
in rows two feet apart and the pips are spaced two inches. They are culti-
vated and kept free from weeds for three seasons and heavily mulched with
manure each fall about the first of December. As soon as the foliage
ripens, or after the first frost, about the first of October, they are plowed
out about five inches 3eep and shaken out with forks, then carted into a
shed open on all sides but with a tight roof. After laying thinly for a few
days, they are turned over and afterwards sorted into first size for forcing,
and second and third for planting.

Our first planting for forcing commences the first of December, when
we have our first crop of flowers at Christmas. And, contrary to newly

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59

imported pips, those of our own growing give abundant foliage at all times,
and the quality of the flowers, both in size and substance and the number
of bells, far surpasses any imported. The price realized is on an average
one-third more and sometimes one-half more than can be obtained for the
general kind of Lily of the Valley.

We have discontinued the growing of tulips and narcissus for several
reasons. The demand for flowers from forced bulbs has materially de-
creased during the last eight years and the decrease in prices consequently
followed. The rapid increase of our nursery business demands all our
attention. The price of labor together with the difficulty in obtaining that
of reliability are the principal reasons for our not continuing the work.
We are satisfied, however, that where suitable land can be had and where
manure and labor can be readily obtained, tulips and narcissi can be made
to yield a moderate profit.

Discussion of the paper was invited. ''

Mr. Vaughan thought the paper covered the local conditions
well, but that owing to the fact that in many parts of this wide
country efforts were now being made in bulb growing, this sub-
ject should have further attention. The tuberose industry has
been successfully established in North Carolina, which locality
has become the source of supply of this bulb for the world. The
Society should gather further data on the progress of this in-
dustry.

On motion of Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit, Mich., the thanks
of the Society were voted to Mr. Klehm for his instructive essay.

THE IDEAL EMPLOYEE.

A paper on this subject was read by its author, Mr. J. C.
Vaughan, of Chicago, Ills. It was as follows:

That famous little paper by Elbert Hubbard which "has been printed
by the million — "A Message to Garcia" — is probably the strongest preach-
ment to employees ever written. He says:

"It is not book learning young men need, nor
instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the
vertebrae which will cause them to be loyal to a trust,
to act promptly, concentrate their energies, do the
thing, carry a message to Garcia."

60 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

It has been well said:

"Get work, be sure 'tis better far than what you
work to get."

Opportunity is often greater than present salary. To look upon pay
as an index to the value of a position is a narrow view. A broader question
is: is the work adapted to his abilities; can he enlarge and carry forward
the enterprise? This ability can be surely learned only by trial. The young
man who has found a pursuit in which he is willing to engage and has
found an employer who he believes will fairly pay him, can do no better
than say, "All I want is a chance, pay me what I am worth." He may
well prove his merit on this basis, for it is a safe proposition that even if
he secured a high salary to begin with that it will not be for long at any
place that he will be paid beyond his worth.

v Do it now. — Of the old and trite sayings for beginners I may empha-
size promptness in attendance; and of exceeding value, promptness in
action. Do it now, is a truly talismanic motto for success. I can think
of no one idea (outside of conscientious work, which is the basis of all
labor) which stands more definitely for success in any business than prompt
action. The possibility of doing things at once can never be realized by
the beginner until actually put into practical work. Take the usual routine
of a business house and let orders be delayed by any one or three of the
dozen hands through which they may pass and the moments of delay by
each change into days of delay at the finish.

Industry. — Besides promptness, I lay much stress on industry. The
worker who is always looking for work and making work, who does not
have to be told constantly what to do next, to be led by a string from one
spot to another, is the man who always succeeds, that is, succeeds just
as far as his abilities will carry him. The waste of time is an enormous loss
to every business and the necessity of a foreman and overseer wherever a
few workers ar& together shows how many clerks are ready to indulge in
every day gossip with each other and desist only when under watchful
eyes.

Conscientious Work. — I hold that no man can really succeed at all,
either for himself or for others, who does not have conscientious regard
for the successful result of that which he is paid for doing. To do his work
simply in such a way that he gets his money for the job is not enough. Let
me illustrate. I have seen a florist sell a small plant and, suspecting that
the customer might not understand its care, was so anxious that what he
has sold prove valuable to the buyer that he followed her out of his shop
to tell her how to manage the plant. The spirit which prompts such an act
insures a man success.

Another illustration. — A foreign traveler overheard an American

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61

nurseryman tell a customer who had come to him for a certain kind of trees
that the same were not hardy in his locality and advised him not to plant
them. The foreigner was astounded and could not understand the refusal
to take the customer's money. There is satisfaction to an American when
we can shock the business moral code of other countries in this way.

I count for nothing the apparent success which any man may tempor-
arily have who cares nothing for the result of the merchandising out of
which his living is made after disposing of it. Many men are credited with
success which is not real. When you find yourself engaged in a business
which is unprofitable to your customer you have turned down the wrong
road.

Loyalty. — I place great value on loyalty. Beginners cannot recog-
nize its importance. It may be sufficient for the laborer to give his day's
work for a day's pay, but for those who are entrusted with some responsi-
bility and with work requiring intelligence, loyalty may mean much. One
must admire that employee who, having engaged to give his services to
another, is first, last, and all the time true to his employer; who can see only
good in the establishment he represents; who contends for its integrity,
straightforwardness, against all comers. Half-hearted service is only half
service. He only who has enlisted in what he feels to be an honest cause
can defend it as it should be defended and do credit both to its service and
himself. If in the course of events he engage with another firm, let him
then be prepared to transfer his allegiance, and make the next master in
turn all in all to him. Let me emphasize this: The ideal employee must
give his constant and loyal support to his employer.

''Get Out or Get in Line," is the title of some most valuable sugges-
tions by Elbert Hubbard right in this connection. He says in substance:

"Learn the policy of the house you work for and
then follow it loyally and directly, never with criticism
or half-heartedness. Get in line or get out."

Discretion. — Few employees realize the dangers of careless speech
regarding the business of their employers. Details which come to the
knowledge of the employee cannot be too carefully safeguarded. When
it is known that business competitors are often seeking personal acquaint-
ance of clerks to secure such secrets, then the importance, of reticence can
be appreciated. This knowledge is sought for in many ways — by flattery;
by presents; by entertainment; by making a man dissatisfied and iealous
regarding his position or pay — all these tricks of outsiders the careful
employee must guard against. I have known several good men to lose
excellent places and good salaries through the meddling of unwise or
dishonorable pretended friends. Right along here comes the pirate em-
ployer who is always on the lookout for the good worker in the
employee of another firm. That employer who will aim to disorganize

62 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

his neighbor's afifairs is not always one to be entrusted with your
interests. Outside talk of business affairs should never be indulged
in. I can think of nothing worse than the injury done to people
and to business affairs by unworthy talking regarding business done,
financial conditions, and other details which truly concern only the em-
ployer. Unwise remarks of this kind, not fully explained or rightly under-
stood by those who hear and repeat, might do more injury to a firm than
the employee could redeem in months of work. It is a safe rule to say
nothing outside of business -regarding that businessi or its condition, other
perhaps than that everything is going well. To tell how many goods are
carried, are sold, or unsold, how much money is taken in or paid out or
owed or to be owed, is unwise and unsafe. I know very shrewd and
successful merchants whose employees after years of service have never
been admitted to certain departments of the building, because of the im-
portance that such information be absolutely secret. That employee who
tells nothing of his employer's affairs is in that respect an ideal one.

Care of customers. — To estimate properly the visitor or customer and"
give him deserved attention is a most difficult task. The employee who
can do this successfully, secure liberal orders and also please the visitor
is well on the road to success. Indifference in handling customers is one
of the most common and serious errors. The customer must not alone be
cared for and his friendship secured by the employee, but he must be
brought to those in higher authority that a unity of acquaintance and credit
may be cemented, a result which is a part of the duty of the employee.

Slipshod work or lack of method stamps the careless worker. He
who makes out an order or writes a letter and misspells the name of the
customer or city, who omits the street or the route, and who does it per-
sistently, who is never painstaking in verifying these details, he is the man
who, as Hubbard says:

"Goes out and forever out, and with the incompe-
tent and unworthy walks the streets looking for work."

Handwriting. — You may wonder at the mention of this ability, but I
take it very seriously. In considering an applicant for a clerical position
of any kind and in judging him on a scale of points I count a good hand-
writing at not less than thirty per cent. I say there is absolutely no excuse
for a poor writer. Every young man can write a plain and legible hand if
he will. One night per week for ten weeks with a copy-book will improve
the handwriting of any painstaking student fifty per cent. And should
that be a hardship,, to devote a dozen evenings to that which may count
for so much in a young man's future?

Covering up errors. — There is, in my opinion, an entirely wrong im-
pression existing with regard to the reporting of errors. Most employees

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63

think their full duty done if their own personal work is above criticism.
They may see a serious mistake made by a fellow-worker, making an
evident loss to the firm, and yet say nothing. I have always maintained this
to be a mistaken idea of duty. Let us say there are fifty employees work-
ing together in a business place; shall the success of each and of the firm
itself be jeopardized by the action of one or two careless or dishonest
fellow-workers? Should the loyalty of the clerk who sees the error not
be far greater toward the firm that employs him and to the other forty-
five faithful ones, all of whom are being injured, than to the one or two
careless helpers? The proposition seems plain on the face of it, yet I am
told that it is one of the most difficult questions in handling help to get
assistance in weeding out the worthless and inefficient, who are a constant
drag on the progress of all the others. Let the ideal employee ask him-
self, "For whom am I working? Am I trying to build up this business
and thereby advance myself? If so can I honorably accept pay for con-
scientious work and cover up that which I know is of injury to the firm?"
In a broad sense I can see but one side to this, and he who works for
the firm need not hesitate to be at all times against bad, careless, and
neglected work by fellow-workers.

Read. — I must urge the importance of reading on every young man.
School is but the primer in life's education, it teaches us only how to
learn if we but will, it shows us how and where to find the stored wisdom
of all men who have lived. Our libraries are great repositories which
can make you men. Our librarians are able to advise each what to read
in connection with his chosen pursuit. Our current publications will keep
one abreast of the times, if one is only well grounded in what has already
been done and that one should steadily try to learn. The advance in put-
ting all detail of business training into readable form in recent years is
remarkable. Books of instruction for employees are to be had in nearly
every prominent business house. These are ideal in careful preparation
and minute detail, covering nearly every possible condition which may
arise. Such instructions carefully studied and carried out can hardly fail
to make an ideal employee.

Lastly, let me quote that wise old philosopher. Burton, who says: —

"The longer I live, the more I am certain that
the great difference between men — between the feeble
and the powerful, the great and the insignificant —
is energy, invincible determination, a purpose, once
fixed, and then death or victory. That quality will do
anything that can be done in this world; and no talents,
no circumstances, no opportunities, will make a two-
legged creature a man without it."

64 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The paper elicited general applause.

Discussion was invited.

Mr. Benj. Hammond, of Fishkill, N. Y. : Mr. President, I would
like to have the privilege of sending a copy of Mr. Vaughan's paper to
every florist's establishment in the United States, because it enunciates
sound principles. Any lad or employee in any business who will follow
those principles will never be in danger of landing in the poorhouse, but at
thirty-five years of age, if not before, will own his own home. One point
that Mr. Vaughan has made I wish to emphasize, and that is that when an
error or mistake is made it should be reported at headquarters at once. In
no way can an employee inflict greater damage upon his employer than in
trying to cover up an error; and your employers can make no greater mis-
take, when a man comes and tells you he has committed an error, than to
turn around and damn him for it. If a capable and faithful employee is
honest and courageous enough to come and inform you of his error, even
if it is to your loss, you will find it to your interest to show consideration
for him, to tell him he is a good man and to raise his wages an extra dollar.

Mr. Hammond went on to speak of a conscientious employee
who, in delivering a barrel of potatoes of a new variety, added an
extra peck in order to make up for any deficit in bad potatoes. Re-
ferring to Mr. Vaughan's remarks about the unwillingness of em-
ployees to work overtime, he said it was especially true of the
florists' business that at times during the year the outgo was
greater than the income and therefore a workman should not be-
grudge an hour or two of extra labor or even an extra Sunday, in
emergencies, to help his employer along. He believed that a man
who did not take a personal interest in his employer's, business
should be dispensed with. He suggested that a recompense in an
occasional gift to the man or his sweetheart or wife would serve
to stimulate the work afterwards.

Mr. W. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C, said that at none of
the meetings of the Society that he had attended, dating from the
Toronto meeting, had a paper been read to which he had listened
with greater interest or which he regarded as more valuable to the
florists at large than the one submitted by Mr. Vaughan.
(Applause.)

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York: The paper is one that has been care-
fully thought out, is forcibly expressed and was well delivered. The axioms
contained in it, I think, may be set down as absolutely true. But it deals
largely with one side of the question. We all realize that the ideal employee
is a man who wakes up three or four times at night thinking how he is go-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65

ing to help his employer; that he bolts his victuals to get back in time to his
work; that he is deaf and dumb during business hours, sees nothing of what
is going on, never hears the bell ring nor the whistle blow but continues at
work untill somebody prods him and says "It is time to go home." That is
the ideal employee.

I remember having seen, in one of my early visits to a theatre, a farce
in which a number of laborers were engaged in digging. One of them had
his pick raised in the air and was in the act of bringing it down when the
whistle blew; he looked up and said, "It's too bad there ain't something
up there to hang- this on."

There is an old and true maxim, "Like master, like man." When you
find the ideal employee you don't have far to go to find the ideal employer.
You may teach lessons and deliver lectures to employees just as lessons are
taught and lectures delivered to most of us on Sundays, but unless example
follows precept the old Adam will be found in the employee the same as in
the employer. Therefore I think that what is necessary above all things, in
the handling of employees, is that the employer shall be gifted with the
ability to individualize them. It seems to me that therein lies the secret of
his success. In large corporations which employ men by the thousands and
tens of thousands this may be to a certain extent impossible but, as you go
down the line, you find the employees graded according to position and
that each sub-ofificer is well informed as to the capacity and temperament of
each man under him.

Mr. O'Mara then spoke of Prof. Gleason's exhibition of how
to train refractory horses, his method of treating each individual
case being ytry successful, and the Professor's theory being that
there were more balky drivers than balky horses. Referring to
Mr, Vaughan's paper he said he thought it was fortunate that it
came from a man in Chicago. He believed that localities, like in-
dividuals, had their peculiar characteristics. He illustrated his
meaning by a story about a foreigner who, while in New Orleans,
had his attention attracted to the ticking of a hotel clock. As the
pendulum swung back and forth it seemed to say, "Plenty of time
—plenty of time — plenty of time." After coming up the river to
St. Louis the man stopped at a hotel and again was soon listening
to another clock whose ticking sounded like "Don't hurry — don't
hurry — don't hurry." Then he went on his way to Chicago, and
there he saw a little dinky clock that seemed to admonish him,
with the characteristic energy of the place, to "Git there — git there
— git there." (Merriment and applause.)

66 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. O'Mara continued: We come back to the proposition I have laid
down, that the employer ought to be able to individualize in his dealings
with his men. One man will stand driving while another, unless kindly
treated, will sulk and mar his work; employees differ in their dispositions
and in their ambitions. That employer who studies his workmen individu-
ally will be the one who will get from them the best service of which they
are capable; and once in a while it may be necessary to teach a young man
a very sharp lesson so that he may profit by it.

Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind. : This discourse has suggested
to me that it might be a good idea for the Executive Committee to select
Mr. O'Mara to prepare a paper, to be read at our next meeting, on "The
Ideal Employer." It has been argued that every man creates a God in his
own mind, and a certain bad man who championed this theory insisted that
the old saying, "An honest man is the noblest work of God" should be
interpreted thus: "An honest God is the noblest work of man." Now,
then, if we could hear the other side of the question I think we would have
a fruitful field for thought. i

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia: I listened with the deepest inter-
est throughout the reading of Mr. Vaughan's paper. His leading thought
seemed to be that the ideal employee must be loyal to his employer. It
seems to me that in our business especially we are dependent upon that loy-
alty of service. In many lines of business there can be an implied or under-
stood contract as to the amount of work that shall constitute a day's labor.
Take the brickyards, for instance, where a man makes one or two thou-
sand bricks and a boy carries off the bricks. There the required amount of
labor to be performed in a day is well known, the scale of wages is under-
stood by all, and when the work is done everybody is satisfied. But in our
business we cannot make any such specific arrangement. We cannot tell a
man to pot off so many cuttings and that when he gets through with that
and does it properly he has done his day's work. Some cuttings require a
great deal more care in handling than others. Hence there is no method
of regulating it and specifying what shall actually constitute a day's work.

A leading manufacturer of tinware visited my place one day and, in
going through the greenhouse and observing the men cleaning, he asked
me: "How do you know what they are doing — how do you know when you
get a day's work from them?" I replied: "We don't know, but we try to
get men around us who are loyal to us and upon whom we can rely to give
us an equivalent for what they are paid." He remarked: "If I would
attempt to do that in my business it would drive me crazy; we put on so
many bottoms, and when a man gets through with them he has finished his
contract; I would not know how to have the work done otherwise."

We cannot have our work done in that way; and therefore, as Mr.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67

Vaughan suggests, we seek to impress upon our employees that we are rely-
ing upon their loyalty and sense of fair dealing. It is for us to inculcate
that sentiment among the boys; and I say to all the boys that if once they
get that spirit in them they need not be afraid that they will not be suffi-
ciently recognized. They will be found out all right. (Applause.)

Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Col., said he had only one or
two comments to make upon the paper and he had no doubt its
author would acquiesce in what he suggested. He continued:

Mr. Vaughan speaks of an employee being expected to use discretion,
but before you can expect that of him your own actions and your instruc-
tions to him must be such that he will know well what your policy is. You
must have an understood policy, and your employee must be informed in
regard to that policy before you can expect him to conform with it. It
seems to me that this is a thing that many of us overlook and that when we
blame our employees for their remissness we should reflect that the fault
is our own in not having informed them as to what we expect of them
under certain conditions.

Concerning Mr. Vaughan's statement in regard to the reporting of
one employee's mistake by another employee, I cannot quite agree with
him in what we may infer to be his opinion. A mistake should be reported
primarily by the man who makes it and, if it is not, then by him who is
that man's immediate superior. But if anybody else reports the man he is
a "knocker;" and the Lord hates "a knocker," and so do I. (Applause.)

Mr. Chas. Lenker, of Freeport, N. Y., expressed his apprecia-
tion of the paper and said that a young man, when first employed
by a florist, w^as generally from fifteen to eighteen years old and
had become set in his ways. The trouble was that at school that
voung man had not been taught anything about economy, method
and moral standing. Economy lies at the basis of success in the
business. Therefore if we are to have the ideal workman these
things must be taught to the children in the public schools and at
home. Then, too, the young employee must not. be made a mere
tool or machine. As to his being loyal to his employer, that is not
all. He must be loyal to himself, he must be loyal to his calling.
If the duty of being loyal to his calling is impressed upon him he
will not fail in his business but will always go ahead irrespective of
what the employer thinks.

In regard to telling about mistakes after they had been made,

68 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. Lenker said he had reason to congratulate himself upon one
occasion for having made a prompt report. He said that after
coming to this country, finding it difficult to get employment be-
cause he could not speak the language, he went to sea as a sailor
and, during the voyage, while at work on the mast, he dropped a
tool into the sea. He at once reported the loss to the mate, and
that officer swore at him, but the captain promptly interposed and
told the mate it was all right as the truth had been told about it.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Bufifalo, N. Y., said he thought that Mr.
Vaughan's admirable paper was worthy of the lengthy discussion
it had elicited. He took issue, however, with that part of it from
which the inference might be drawn that honesty in business was
to be found only on this side of the Atlantic. In contrast with
what had been stated he mentioned an instance of American sharp
practice which, he said, occurred during the great silk worm ex-
citement of some twenty years ago, when there was a popular
belief in this country that the State of Texas was about to be en-
riched because the mulberry tree upon which the silk worm feeds
was grown there very largely. He said he knew it to be a fact
that at that time one of the wealthiest firms in this country sold ten
thousand Mountain Ash and sent them to Texas, as a substitute
for the Russian mulberry. He continued:

The fundamental truth about this question, I believe, is that our
employees, whether men or boys, are not machines, but flesh and blood.
Some have greater talents, some are more conscientious than others, and
there is a great variation among them in the quality of that God-given gift
called brain; but I do believe that the example set by the employers has a
greater influence upon them than all else. Now, what was the natural
result of that fraud among the employees of the firm to which I referred?
The bookkeepers and others in their office, who were cognizant of the fact
that the Texas people were swindled, said to each other: "The boss did it
— there is no reason why we should not do it." But I will not detain you
longer.

Mr. J. B. Deamud, of Chicago, commenting upon a remark
made' by Mr. Scott, said he thought it would be safe to assume
that all employees had brains and that sometimes instructions
given to them, which were thought to be specific, were really

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69

neither specific nor intelligible. As an illustration of this, he said
that one railroad company in Chicago claimed to have given spe-
cific instructions to its employees, which amounted to this, "In
case of doubt pursue the right course." (Merriment.)

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, said that Mr. Scott's
Reference to the Texas incident reminded him that at the present
time an Agave is being sold in Florida to go to the islands for use in
the manufacture of fibre, but that the plant that really was wanted
is Agave rigida sassilina, the great fibre producing plant. The
Agave was being sent, and this would take from three or four to
ten years to develop and then would be found to have no fibre at
all. He continued:

While I am upon my feet I would say that the American people are
being wonderfully benefited and educated by our nurserymen and florists.
We are superior to the European nurserymen now in many things. It has
been thought abroad that anything was good enough to be sent to America,
and the sooner that idea is dissipated the better. Our people are gaining
experience, and they are honest in their dealings.

Mr. P. J. Foley, of Chicago, Ills., suggested that it was not
always safe to give specific instructions lest they might be carried
out too literally. He cited the story of a sentry under General
Hancock during the Civil War, who was told that, upon being ap-
proached, he must call out, "Halt — who goes there?" three times.
When he saw a man coming toward him the sentry shouted, "Halt
— who goes there, three times," and then shot the man down.

Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, closed the discussion and
briefly replied to criticisms upon the paper. In respect to giving
specific instructions to employees he explained that the sugges-
tion he had made was that the rules and hints for workmen should
be supplemented and modified to meet the requirements of the in-
dividual lines of business in each instance. Replying to Mr. Scott
he said he had not claimed that all nurserymen or tree agents had
been honest forever, but he had sought to show that American
ideas of business integrity were, as a class, higher than foreign,
and he had cited the instance referred to by way of illustration

70 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

and as an example of straightforward dealing that was worthy of
imitation by the young men of the profession. With reference
to Mr. O'Mara's remarks he said that he was satisfied that that
gentleman was well qualified to present a paper entitled "The
Ideal Employer," and the suggestion by Mr. Carmody that he
write such a paper was a good one; then Mr. O'Mara's criti?
cism could be made on such a paper, but that inasmuch as the
subject given him (Mr. Vaughan) had been "The Ideal Em-
ployee," he had not thought it fitting to cover the question of
the employers.

The discussion having closed.

On motion of Mr. William Scott, the thanks of the Society
were tendered to Mr. Vaughan for his most excellent paper, and it
was ordered that the paper be entered on the minutes.

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS.

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, offered the following
resolution, which was adopted:

Resolved, That discussion on the President's address be set for two
hours, under the five-minute rule, at a time to be fixed by the President.

President Breitmeyer suggested as the time for the discussion
the close of the morning session on the following day.

Secretary Stewart, by request of the Chair, announced for
general information the details of the business and entertainment
programs for the remainder of the day and Wednesday. He inci-
dentally called attention to the constitutional requirement for the
polls for the election of officers to remain open for two hours on
the following morning.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude explained that, under the constitution, it
was necessary for a successful candidate for an office to receive a
majority of all the votes cast and that, if there were more than two

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71

candidates for one office, it might be found at the expiration of the
two hours of balloting no one had received a majority, in which
case there would be no election. He said that this possible diffi-
culty had been suggested at the Milwaukee meeting, and he now
asked for a ruling upon the point as to whether, under these cir-
cumstances, a new election could legally be held.

Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer, of Des Moines, Iowa, said the by-laws
specifically required that the polls should be open from lo A. M.
to 12 o'clock M. His own interpretation of the law was that if a
candidate was not elected within that time, the present incumbent
of the office voted for would hold over, because there was nO' pro-
vision for reopening the polls and holding another election.

Secretary Stewart read, for information, the full text of the
clause referred to, which directed that the polls shall remain open
from lo A. M. to 12 o'clock M., that a majority of all the votes
cast shall be necessary for an election, etc. He explained that an
error had occurred on the program, which fixed the time for the
election at 9.30 (instead of 10) o'clock. The Executive Committee
had fixed this early hour for the opening of the morning sessions
to enable delegates to dispose of the business each day before vis-
iting the World's Fair, but according to the constitution balloting
could not begin until 10 A. M.

Mr. P. O'M'ara expressed the view that if there was a failure
to elect within the time specified, the President could direct an-
other election to be held.

Mr. E. H. Cushman moved that the President be empowered
to order a new election if the contingency suggested should arise.

Mr. P. O'Mara remarked that he thought the motion was like
a fifth wheel to a wagon, because a new election could be ordered
under the rules.

Mr. Fulmer regarded the motion as out of order because the
by-laws made specific provision on the subject. He protested
against what he regarded as an attempt to override a by-law.

72 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. W. R. Smith denied that there was any attempt to over-
ride any law and insisted upon the right of the Society to continue
the balloting- after twelve o'clock until its officers had been elected.

The matter was here dropped, the consensus of opinion being
that no action was necessary.

NOMINATION OF OFFICERS FOR 1905.

The next business being nomination of officers, the Chair in-
vited nominations for President.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., nominated Mr. Lewis Ull-
rich, of Tiffin, Ohio. He said:

This gentleman will make a splendid President. He represents an
element from which, I think, it is most fitting that we should make a selec-
tion. He may not have as large a business as others, and therefore you do
not often see his name in the newspapers, but he is a man who is in sym-
pathy with the whole business. Since ten years ago, when I first met him,
I know that Mr. Ullrich has always been present with the Society, whether
it met in North Carolina or at any other point of the compass. He is a
man of courage and industry and will be loyal to every phase of our good
organization. Our President has with few exceptions been selected from
our large cities, and I think it would be wise now to choose one from a
rural district or town. I want you to support Mr. Ullrich because I know
he is an energetic, able, good man and will work hard for every corner of
this Society. (Applause.)

Mr. F. H. Kramer, of Washington, D. C, seconded the nomi-
nation.

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, nominated Mr. J. C.
Vaughan, of Chicago. He said this gentleman was well known to
every member of the Society, that he was one of its organizers;
that he had devoted to it much self-sacrificing work; that he was
a man of large business interests, of great executive ability and
fully competent to conduct the business of the organization, the
able paper read by him during the day having given an idea of his
calibre.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, in seconding the
nomination, said:

Mr. Vaughan has won his spurs, if any man ever did. He seems to me
in every way to be the right man for the place and you will be fortunate in
having a man of his social position and professional character to preside at
your meeting in Washington. Mr. Vaughan is entitled to this distinction.
He enabled us two years ago to pay a grand tribute to one of our best men
— our dear friend Mr. Burton, — by re-electing him to the Presidency. I
am under eternal obligation to Mr. Vaughan for having withdrawn at that
time, at my request, to give us an opportunity to do a kind and generous
act toward Mr. Burton in his distress. (Applause.)

Mr. F. P. Dilger, of Milwaukee, and Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of
Philadelphia, seconded the nomination.

Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind. : I also desire to second the
nomination of J. C. Vaughan; and in doing so I honor not J. C. Vaughan
but myself. Mr. Vaughan has been a wheel-horse of this institution since
its inception. He is a charter member. The organization in his own city
has not asked for any recognition at all, and he has labored early and late
to forward the progress of the S. A. F. Once when spoken of to fill this
position he modestly stepped aside and said: "No, I want to see it go to
our friend who is in grief and has been prevented from taking the office;
let him have another term." In many ways Mr. Vaughan has proved him-
self a faithful, tried and honorable member of the S. A. F., and the S. A. F.
will do honor to themselves by choosing him as their leader.

On motion of Mr. Carmody the nominations closed.

The President invited nominations for Vice President.

Mr. W. F. Kasting, of Buffalo, N. Y. : Mr. President, I have been
requested by the Washington delegation to place in nomination a gentle-
man who is their choice for the Vice-Presidency. They are satisfied that
he is a capable, hard worker; and if you elect him they will give you a most
pleasant time in their beautiful city, that great headquarters of our Re-
public. There may be a breath of opposition to this gentleman, but I
assure you that it emanates solely from personal feeling. I nominate Mr.
J. R. Freeman, of Washington, D. C.

Mr. George H. Cooke, of Washington, D. C, seconded the
nomination.

74 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C. : I would like to put in
nomination another Washingtonian, a man of great ability and talent, Mr.
John Henry Small, Jr.

Secretary Stewart explained that the name of Mr. Small did
not appear upon the roll of membership but that possibly it might
have been handed in during the present Convention.

Mr. Smith said the gentleman had been a member for years
but that, like others, he might have been tardy in forwarding his
dues for the present year, although he had stated he would send
them.

Mr. F. H. Kramer, of Washington, D. C. : Mr. President, the Wash-
ington Florists' Club have unanimously recommended Mr. Freeman for the
office of Vice-President. Mr. Small is not a member of our Club.

Mr. Smith: I am not a member of the Washington Club either.

On motion of Mr. J. T. Temple, of Davenport, la., the nomi-
nations closed.

The President invited nominations for Secretary.

Mr. J. G. Esler: Mr. President, the office of Secretary is a very
important one. From the time this Convention closes until the Executive
Committee meets, the Secretary is the backbone of the Society of American
Florists. To him we look to formulate new ideas that will benefit the
Society during the ensuing year. After that meeting we again look to the
Secretary to carry out the plans laid down by the Executive Committee.
The policy of the Society has been to change the ofifice of President, with
benefit to the Society, from the conservatism of the East to the breeziness
of the West; possibly we of the East had become too conservative. I
nominate for the ofifice of Secretary a capable, efficient and courteous gen
tleman from the breezy West — Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit.

Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind.: Mr. President, it gives me very
great pleasure to second the nomination of Mr. Sullivan. Some one has
said that it is not well to swap horses when you are crossing a river. Well,
the Society of American Florists got across the river a long while ago, and
there is no occasion for any apprehension on that point. Of course we get
into a kind of a quandary once in a while in regard to new policies, new
plans and new ideas; and I believe that Mr. Sullivan has not only the quali-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75

fications but he has qualities of heart and mind that will infuse new life and
new blood into this Society. I have known him personally a great number
of years, and I say to you that if you impose the trust of this secretaryship
upon John F. Sullivan you will need to have no cause for fear but what that
trust will be ably, honestly and fearlessly carried out. (Applause.)

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I nominate Mr.
William J. Stewart, of Boston.

Mr. Jos. A. Manda, of South Orange, N. J.: I second that nomi-
nation.

Mr. C. W. Turnley, of Haddonfield, N. J., and several others: I also
second it.

On motion of Mr. J. D. Carmody, the nominations closed.

The President invited nominations for Treasurer,

Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, said that he had received a
letter from Mrs. Beatty, requesting him to communicate its con-
tents and stating that Mr. Beatty had been ill, that he had recov-
ered and was at present at Atlantic City, where he would remain
under his physician's advice for the next two or three weeks.

Mr. Vaughan went on to say that Treasurer Beatty, during
his long official service, had not received any pay from the Society,
not even an allowance for postage. He added that his own infer-
ence, from a letter he had received from that gentleman, was that
Mr. Beatty was entirely willing to be relieved from the Treasurer-
ship.

Mr. W. R. Smith: Mr. President, I first nominated Mr. Beatty so
long ago that I do not now recollect when it was. I now renominate him.

Mr. W. F. Gude, in seconding the nomination, said he fully
appreciated the fact that Mr. Beatty honored the Society, rather
than that it honored him, by serving as its Treasurer. (Applause.)

On motion of Mr. W. F. Kasting, of Bufifalo, N. Y., the nomi-
nations closed.

The roll call of States for nominations of State Vice Presidents

76 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1905.

for 1905 was proceeded with by Secretary Stewart, when the follow-
ing were named by the respective State delegations: —

Alabama — Amy K. Luffman, Birmingham.
California — Hans Plath, San Francisco.
Colorado — J. A. Valentine, Denver.
District of Columbia — Peter Bisset, Washington.
Illinois, North — P. J. Hauswirth, Chicago.
Indiana — Irwin C. Bertermann, Indianapolis.
Iowa — Theo. Ewaldt, Davenport.
Kansas— C. P. Mueller, Wichita.
Louisiana — Har©^ Papworth, New Orleans.
Maryland — R. Vincent, Jr., White Marsh.
Massachusetts, East — W. W. Edgar, Waverley.
Massachusetts, West — Thos. Collins, Hinsdale.
Michigan, West — Henry Smith, Grand Rapids.
Michigan, East — R. G. Boeringer, Bay City.
Missouri, East — F. J. Fillmore, St. Louis.
New Jersey — C. W. Turnley, Haddonfield.
New York, East — F. H. Traendly, New York.
New York, West — Geo. W. McClure, Bufifalo.
North Carolina — James M. Lamb, Fayetteville.
South Carolina — C. A. Moss, Spartanburg.
Ohio, North — ^James Eadie, Cleveland.
Ohio, South— H. M. Altick, Dayton.
Pennsylvania, West — W. T. Bell, Franklin.
Wisconsin — W. E. Kennedy, Milwaukee.
Manitoba — D. D. England, Winnipeg.

Adjourned.

LADIES' ENTERTAINMENT.

On Wednesday afternoon the ladies, to the number of two
hundred and fifty, were the guests of the local club on a trolley ride
around the city and to O'Fallon Park. Five trolley cars hand-
somely decorated with flowers and evergreens conveyed the party
from the Convention Hall to the Park, where an elaborate collation
was served by the ladies of the St. Louis Club. The guests testi-
fied their appreciation of the entertainment in a hearty round of
cheers.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77

THIRD DAV.

Thursday, August i8, 1904.

Promptly at ten o'clock the doors of the trade exhibition hall
were closed, a quorum of members secured and the business ses-
sion opened.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS FOR 1905.

The President announced the appointment of Messrs. J. G.
Esler, J. F. Ammann and H. M. Altick as tellers for the annual
election. He then declared the election polls open.

The tellers immediately distributed the ballots, and the ballot-
ing for oflficers began. Meanwhile the regular business was pro-
ceeded with.

Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, one of the Judges on
the trade exhibition, explained that owing to some informality an
exhibit had been omitted from the hst of entries. He asked that
by unanimous consent the judges should be instructed to examine
the exhibit and report thereon later in the day.

On motion of Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York, instructions
were voted accordingly.

The exhibit of H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, was sub-
sequently reported and included in the list of awards.

HOME AND MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENT FROM A HORTICUL-
TURAL STANDPOINT.

A paper on this subject by Mr. J. A. Pettigrew, Superintendent
of Parks, of Boston, Mass., was read (by request of the Conven-
tion) by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows :

78 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Looking at Central Park, New York, as it is today, and taking into
consideration the fact that the first steps to condemn the land for park pur-
poses were taken in 1853, we cannot fail to be impressed with the immense
advantage that has accrued to the city in the short space of fifty-one years,
and with the truth that horticulture plays a very important part in the civic
economy of the United States.

In 1882 the New York Park Association (formed because of the
apathy of New York in a work of such importance) appointed a committee
to endeavor to secure an extension of New York's park area. This com-
mittee published a report showing the immense pecuniary returns to the
city in twenty-five years by the construction of Central Park. To quote
from the report: —

"The cost of the land taken for the Central Park was $6,666,381, to
which must be added $9,873,844 for construction, $6,500,000 for maintenance,
and $20,753,925 for twenty-five years' interest on the Park Assessment and
Improvement Bonds, making a total cost of $43,794,150. Large as this
amount appears and undoubtedly is, it is comparatively insignificant in view
of the enormous benefit which resulted financially to the city from the
improvement. The amount collected in twenty-five years on the property
of the three wards named (the wards contiguous to Central Park) over
and above the ordinary increase on the tax value of real estate in the rest
of the city, was $65,000,000, or about twenty-one millions of dollars more
than the aggregate expense attending and following the establishment of
the park up to the present year. Regarding the whole transaction in the
light of a real estate speculation alone, the city has twenty-one millions of
dollars in cash over and above the outlay, and acquired in addition thereto,
land valued at two hundred millions of dollars."

The above statement shows the influence Central Park had on the
value of contiguous property up to 1881. The enormous value of, the same
property at the present day, in comparison with real estate further removed
from Central Park, shows the continued influence of public parks on the
value of adjoining property.

Quoting again from the New York Park Association report:
"The case of Chicago presents still stronger and more conclusive
testimony. In a letter to the Secretary of the New York Park Association,
Mr. W. H. Harmon, Secretary of the Chicago Park Department, responds
as follows to a question as to what has been the effect of parks upon the
value of adjacent land: 'The immediate effect was to double and quadruple
property.' "

That the establishment of park areas has invariably enhanced the real
estate value of contiguous property has been the experience also of other
cities. The commissioners of the Boston Park Department, in their report
for the year 1896, page 63, referring to the increased value of lands sur-
rounding park areas, say: "With regard to the influence of public parks

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. " 79

on the neighboring real estate, no recent figures have been made. In 1890
the Board piibHshed a statement of the increase in value of the Back Bay
lands since the establishment of the park. By this table it will be found
that the land alone was trebled in value in thirteen years, while the valua-
tion of land in the rest of the city during the same period increased only
eighteen per cent. The increased taxes on this land, without including the
buildings erected, aggregated over two million dollars — a sum more than
sufificient to pay the entire cost of the improvement at that time. The
increased taxes on new buildings erected on these lands yielded one and
one-half millions more of revenue. While the increase in the value of the
lands adjoining other parks of the city has not shown a like phenomenal
growth, present indications point to a largely increased revenue from this
cause in the future, which may justify the opinion expressed in the earliest
report of the Board that the establishment of public parks will have the
tendency to lessen the rate of taxation instead of increasing it. The cost
of the land taken for the Back Bay Fens averaged about twelve cents per
foot; the cost of improving the site brings the present cost of the land up
to fifty-two cents per square foot, while the adjoining land is selling at
three dollars to five dollars per foot, although the growth of the city has
not as yet brought very much of it into the market. The cost of Franklin
Park land averaged about seven cents per foot, and the cost of improvement
about an equal amount, or a total of fifteen cents per foot, which is a mod-
erate valuation for this magnificent property, where land adjoining will
bring from fifty cents to a dollar per foot. The same result is shown in the
case of the whole park system, the average cost of which today is only six
cents per foot for the land and about eight cents per foot for improve-
ments."

This experience, which was common to all cities in which parks had
been constructed, accentuated the park movement, until we find that, up
to the year 1901 (according to the report of the Park Census Committee of
the Park and Out-Door Art Association) there were purchased, or other-
wise acquired, and dedicated to public use, approximately 7S,ooo acres of
land, apart from United States Government Reservations, and that approxi-
mately there are being spent annually, in the towns and cities of the United
States, $11,000,000 for park improvement and maintenance.

Various motives have governed the promoters of the park movement,
but the prevailing motive was primarily to introduce rural landscapes into
cities and towns. When cities were not so large or so densely populated
they were more rural in character, and satisfied public requirements in this
respect; but, as population increased, the villas and cottages, with their
accompanying grounds and gardens, gave place to bricks and mortar piled
up in closely built blocks, and the woods and fields, so eagerly yearned for
by the city dwellers, became more and more remote with each year. The
park movement, therefore, was born of necessity; the physical well-being,

80 . PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

comfort, and health of the public demanded that open spaces should be
provided convenient for public use.

Horticulture, too, is one of the most important factors in street adorn-
ment. Imagine the effect of the removal of the trees from an old-fashioned
village street. Hov^^ unpicturesque would become the irregularly placed
houses! How uninviting and inhospitable would be the home yard without
the old-fashioned flowers bordering the walk, or without the vines over the
porch-door and the overhanging branches of the shade trees nearby! The
early settlers in the eastern States recognized this fact, and invariably, after
finishing the building of their houses, no matter how unpretentious the
houses were, planted trees in the street or road in front, and, if means
allowed, extended the planting to the boundaries of their estates. To these
early settlers the wayfarer of the present day is indebted for the grand old
elms which are to be found in the New England towns and villages. An-
cient clumps of the common lilac, eglantine or bouncing bet, planted by the
same hands, add an interest to many an old homestead.

The desirability of tree planting in streets is so great that it may be
classed as one of the most important of civic duties. Nothing impresses
the visitor in a city more than the air of comfort apparent in well-planted
streets. It matters little how imposing or ambitious the architecture on a
street may be, unless its lines are softened by the foliage of trees and vines
it seems devoid of artistic taste and is barren and inhospitable to the eye.
On the contrary, a street may be humble in its architectural pretentions,
yet, if clothed with foliage, every dwelling seems framed in contentment
and restful peace.

Trees, also, ameliorate the heated conditions of summer temperature,
not only by the grateful shade they afford the city dweller but also by the
large amount of moisture they draw from the ground and evaporate into
the atmosphere. They are also good sanitary agents. They absorb stag-
nant water through their roots and exhale from their leaves life-giving
oxygen. The value of trees from a sanitary point of view is illustrated by
the action of the New York Medical Society, which passed the resolution:
''That one of the most effective means for mitigating the intense heat of the
summer months and diminishing the death rate among children is the culti-
vation of an adequate number of trees in the streets." This is further em-
phasized by the fact that the bill presented to the Legislature of New York,
asking that the street trees of New York be placed in the care of the Park
Commissioners, was drawn by a physician, a member of the State Board
of Health, and was introduced merely as a sanitary measure.

Trees, too, have an educational value, not only as object lessons close
at hand for nature study, but also by instilling into the youthful mind an
early love for the beautiful in nature. For the great majority of city dwell-
ers, and for the greater part of their lives, the street trees are the only bits

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 81

of sylvan beauty available for them to enjoy; the parks, or the country,
usually are not convenient for a visit oftener than once a week at most.

For these reasons, beneficial as are parks for the people, it would
seem to be of infinitely more importance to the well-being of dwellers in
large cities and towns were it imposed as a civic obligation that, wherever
possible, streets should be planted with trees and their mauitenance pro-
vided for; and, further, that, in the laying out of new streets, a suitable
space be set apart for the growth of trees. The question of cost of so
beautifying the streets is insignificant as compared with the benefits gained.
Trees are endowed with a good deal of hardihood, as is evident in the
streets of our cities: year after year they put forth their leaves, in spite of
the gnawing of horses, the ravages of insects and the mutilation of their
roots and branches — their wants are simple and can be inexpensively
satisfied.

Even from a financial point of view, the systematic planting and care
of trees in city streets would prove a paying investment. New comers are
not attracted to a street by garish, shadeless streets any more than they
are by dirty or poorly paved streets, unsanitary conditions or any other
form of slovenly civic housekeeping.

Within the past few years, various methods have been employed to
induce street planting. Societies and clubs, by example and advice, have
done much good. In a few cities the work has been placed in charge of
the government. Nowhere, however, has the importance of the subject
been thoroughly grasped, except, probably in the City of Washington,
where a systematic plan of street planting was adopted about thirty years
ago and the result for good is very apparent today.

It is quite evident that a work of this kind should not be left, in its
execution, to the fancy of the individual resident. The average citizen usu-
ally is entirely ignorant of tree-planting culture, or the kinds of trees that
should be used. The result in a street planted by individual effort, being,
as Professor Waugh of Amherst College aptly puts it, like two rows of odd
buttons down the front of a frock coat.

The requirements for properly planting a street are, the furnishing of
proper conditions in soil and location for growth, harmony in effect and
the providing of means for doing the work and for subsequent care. These
requirements could be most efificiently controlled by the central govern-
ment, aided by competent executive officers.

It is pleasing to note that an interest is developing in the planting of
schoolhouse grounds. In the town of Brookline, Massachusetts, beautiful
effects have been produced by the planting of masses of shrubbery against
the boundary fences of the school yards and at the fronts of the buildings,
the open spaces being turfed. Trees have also been planted to shade the
sidewalks, and creepers planted against the walls of the school buildings.
Due regard has been paid, also, to space for play-ground requirements.

82 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The City of Boston, also, during the past season, has planted trees and
shrubbery in the grounds of seven of its new schools. This is a step in the
right direction and is a striking contrast to the uninviting exteriors of the
generality of the old school buildings. Pupils of the schools so adorned
cannot but be benefited by the influence of nature so attractively and con-
stantly set before their eyes. Nov^r that nature studies have become a part
of the curriculum of almost every school, the planting of trees, shrubs and
flowers in the school grounds gives material close at hand for practical
demonstrations and for identification and botanical study; but, pre-emi-
nently, calling in the aid of horticulture makes the schoolhouse and grounds
homelike and attractive, awakening in the children an interest in nature at
a time when the mind is receptive of artistic influences.

Realizing the importance of horticulture in its relation to the educa-
tion of children, the Playground Committee of the Civic League of Boston,
three years ago, appointed a committee to establish school gardens. The
work has proved interesting and successful, the children striving to outdo
each other in the care of their plots.

Horticulture should have an important part in the home life. In
England, the cultivation of flowers is almost universal among the cottagers.
Little unkempt or waste land is found there around the homes of the work-
ing people. Vegetables, flowers and shrubs are planted, and the workman
hurries from his daily employment to his labor of love — the garden.
Houses are often embowered in roses or other climbing plants which con-
tribute greatly to the charming effect of English villages so often noted by
travelers. It is to be regretted that such enthusiasm in the cultivation of
home gardens does not obtain here. The work of improvement associa-
tions and kindred societies, however, is doing much to arouse interest in
this direction and it is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when
every occupier of a house will plant and beautify the grounds. There is no
home so humble but can be made more cheerful by the cultivation of a few
plants. A window-box of nasturtiums, if nothing else, on the outside, has
its influence for good on the dweller in the tenement. Nowhere do flowers
grow so near the heart as at home, and how many men and women carry
with them through life the refining influences of the flowers, which, in their
youth, beautified the home garden!

A natural step following the establishment of parks in cities was the
setting apart of playground areas. While playgrounds were to be found in
most of the large parks, it was found that, in parks of small size, orna-
mental planting and ball playing did not consort well together. Large
parks were few and far between. The growth of the city covered, year by
year, the vacant ground hitherto available for play. It became, therefore,
necessary that playgrounds should be provided for boys and young men.
In the last few years this movement has been very active. Boston, outside
of its larger parks, has twenty-one playgrounds in use under the control of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83

the Park Department. These playgrounds range from one-half of an acre
to seventy-four acres. Many of these playgrounds contain corners for chil-
dren, where apparatus is provided for their use and where female teachers
are in charge. In one of the playgrounds the Civic League has introduced
children's gardens, with great success. The gardens are on the tree border,
which surrounds two sides of the playground and are fenced off from the
general playground and flying balls by high, woven wire fencing. A low
fence is on the street side. The gardens are about eight feet by three feet
and number about two hundred. Great interest is manifested by the chil-
dren in their little plots and large quantities of flowers and vegetables are
raised, under the direction of teachers, by the little gardeners, who are
proud to be able to take home substantial evidences of their skill and indus-
try. As an instance of the success of the scheme, it may be mentioned that
eight hundred and eighty ears of sweet corn have been gathered to date,
this season. This playground is in a thickly populated district which the
Police Department maintains has been much benefited by its establishment.
So far as is practicable, without interfering with their use for play, all Bos-
ton's playgrounds are ornamented with trees and, in some cases, with
shrubbery. One of Cambridge's largest playgrounds is beautifully bordered
with masses of trees and shrubbery.

Thus we see that Horticulture occupies an important position in city
and home life. Its possibilities of larger adaptation and development are
very great in its relation to the health, comfort and general well-being of
the people, especially, as said before, in its application to street adorn-
ment; and no more important field of labor can be found for this Society
than to use its influence energetically for the provision for trees in the
streets and waysides. This work is entirely within the scope of the Society's
aims. It is one covering the interests of humanity in general and is well
worthy of the best efforts of the Society towards its accomplishment.

Discussion was invited.

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C: Mr. President, I think that
that is one of the most masterly papers ever presented to this Society. It
gives a material view of the subject in an able manner. There is another
view to be taken of it, and that is in its religious aspect. I think that the
magnificent parks and pleasure grounds of -Boston have'a refining influence
upon all Bostonians in cultivating aesthetic tastes and confirming religious
convictions, because no one can go through those parks without a sense of
soul elevation and a feeling that there is a God ruling and regulating every-
thing. Rural life is not what it was fifty years ago, and the only salvation
for humanity seems to be in the parks and the trolleys. After visiting
various countries and examining the parks there I feel free to give the
credit to Boston of having the best public park system in the world.

84 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y.: I think that every florist in the
United States, even one who has only a small store or greenhouse, would
be vastly benefited and elevated by knowing something about trees and
shrubs and those things which make the world more beautiful. When the
Europeans first came here, in 1600 — call them New Englanders if you will —
they found this continent one vast aggregation of primeval forests; and
until fifty years ago. you may say, parks were scarcely needed. But the
wisest provision for the future that was made in the past century was when
some wise and great men set apart for park purposes land in the cities
before it became too valuable. I don't know who were the great men of
New York who were so far-seeing that they bought the land in that city
which is now Central Park. In Mr. Pettigrew's paper there is an allusion
to the accretions of the values of lands in cities. I suppose that today a
house overlooking Central Park, in New York, is possibly worth more than
any other real estate of equal space on the Island of Manhattan. When
Mr. Shaw, the great philanthropist of this city, gave the land for the laying
out of a public garden, he bestowed upon St. Louis the greatest boon that'
the city ever enjoyed. That garden is in my opinion a far greater power
for civilization than the Mississippi River. (Applause.) Mr. Pettigrew, in
his able paper, has well depicted the beauties of parks and their benefit to
civilization; and our venerable friend here (Mr. Smith) has spoken of their
religious aspect and influence in elevating the soul and bringing it nearer to
its Creator.

Now I want to say a few words about the style of parks. When the
late Mr. McMillan (the Dean of Park Superintendents m the United
States) came to Buffalo in 1870, I was the first man to whom he spoke,
excepting possibly a street-car conductor. Buffalo was then a small town
of about 125,000. The parks were laid out in the outskirts of the city. At
that time I was working for a very wealthy man as the superintendent of
his grounds; and when a new park was proposed he, like many other
wealthy men, opposed it strenuously. "What do we want a park for?" he
asked; "they are giving that man Jewett a thousand dollars an acre for his
farm — why, it's not worth fifty dollars an acre." But in less than ten years
we had one of the most beautiful parks in the world, and Buffalo would not
be worthy of its name today if it was not for its glorious parks.

The same may be said for almost every city in the country. The parks
have made the cities what they are. But I am digressing. What I was
about to say is this, that in a great city where the mass of the people can-
not get very far away from home, where the poor people can only take a
street-car ride, and where the park is almost in the centre of the city, like
Central Park, in New York, I don't believe that you want to have a lot of
beds of geraniums and ribbon borders within straight lines, but you want
to show the people a bit of nature, you want to come as near to nature and
to the natural soil as you possibly can. When a new park is started on the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85

outskirts of a city you want them to have a little bit of artificial gardening
because the people have been looking on the natural, have been accustomed
to the sight of a clump of pines in the natural soil, a farmhouse and so on,
and there a little artificial gardening has a good efifect. As the city in later
years surrounds it and grows up around the park the environments are dif-
ferent and then that policy should be modified.

This gardening art is not new. The Romans loved gardening, it is
well known; and in Babylon, two thousand years before the Christian era,
gardening was carried to such an extent in art and beauty that the "Hang-
ing Gardens" became famous and have never been equalled.

Mr. Scott went on to speak of the value of parks as inesti-
mable. He urged upon those of his hearers who came from small
towns in thriving rural sections which were rapidly increasing in
population not to "kick" when it was proposed to increase the
assessments on their property for park purposes, because parks
were the greatest blessings that cities could have. He expressed
his gratification with the progress of movements in many of the
cities to provide garden playgrounds on the public school grounds,
as in many instances the latter had been nothing but barren wastes
of gravel. He continued:

Ordinarily, at the inception of a movement for the establishment of a
park system (it was true in BufTalo and I believe has been the case in most
of the cities), the park board or management is composed of the most
reputable, independent and wealthy citizens.

Mr. W. R. Smith: If they have wealth it is wealth in brains.

Mr. Scott: Well, that is wealth; that is the only way in which you and
I are wealthy. (Merriment.) But as the city has grown older politics has
crept into the park board of the city of Buffalo, into the park board of
Chicago, into the park board of New York and possibly has influenced that
of Boston, but I don't know about that.

Several Voices: No, never.

Mr. Scott: Then Boston is all right. I am glad to hear it. Now,
almost anybody will do for a city treasurer or a coroner or some such posi-
tion— "any old thing" will do there — but you cannot infuse politics into a
park management and expect the park to be what it should be. (Applause.)
Under our present system in Buffalo our park superintendent is nothing
but a figurehead. The practical man, the one who knows hov/ to plant, how

86 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

to care for and maintain everything, is the assistant, but actual superintend-
ent, yet he is looked upon as a nobody. The nominal superintendent is
just about capable to say that on this or that day the band will play this or
that or the other thing.

A Voice: In St. Louis it is the same way.

Mr. Scott: Well, God help St. Louis. (Merriment.)

Mr. Wm. R. Smith said that, after Ustening to his distinguished
friend (Mr. Scott) he could not refrain from expressing his admira-
tion for two great documents that had been read before the Society,
viz.: the one that had formerly been contributed by Mr. McMillan,
which he thought ought to be on the table of every park commis-
sion on the face of the globe, and Mr. Pettigrew's magnificent sup-
plement, which Mr. Smith said he would like to have specially dis-
tinguished by publication in a separate pamphlet. He said that a
remark which he himself had made, "I don't measure beauty by
the square yard" had been quoted in the admirable paper read at
Buffalo by Mr. McMillan, one of the great men with whom he had
enjoyed the pleasure of an acquaintance. He expressed the belief
that if the Society would reprint from its records Mr. McMillan's
address and would add to it Mr. Pettigrew's address, they would do
a world of good for the cause of horticulture in America and of
civilization in general. (Applause.)

Mr. J. C. Vaughan said he thought the possibilities had been
well covered by Mr. Pettigrew's thoughtful essay; that they were
along the broad lines laid down by the Society and that these were
the very lines that were needed to accentuate the growth of the
organization. He continued:

I want to add one thought to the suggestion which Mr. Scott has
made as to the possibilities of our art in connection with architecture. It
seems to me that at national expositions, where great multitudes gather,
architecture is the most symbolic of the advances in art; and when the horti-
culturist accomplishes what he did at the Chicago Fair, when he made
great natural settings by digging out those lagoons and then throwing in
borders in the midst of beautiful statues, images of animals and specimens
of the Hunt style of architecture, he produced that effect to which Mr.
Scott has alluded, which enables the mind to grasp the contrast between
the natural and the artificial. I think that the credit of the artistic triumph

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87

that was achieved there may fairly be claimed for the art of horticulture.
(Applause.)

Mr. W. R. Smith: I dififer entirely from our distinguished friend (Mr.
Vaughan) for I look upon architecture as the curse of the country. The
landscape has been disfigured by it. As Mr. Craig has told us, architecture
came first but horticulture is a higher art. The poetry of stones is fiction.
The structures that are now erected, like those at Chicago, may be costly,
comfortable and convenient, but they have ro beauty about them. There
is no beauty in the architecture of the day and it is the worst enemy of
our art.

Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer said he endorsed all that Mr. Scott had
said about parks, especially as to the wisdom of divorcing them
from politics. He explained that in the city from which he came,
which had a population of about seventy-five thousand, there were
three Park Commissioners who were elected by the people at the
city election. They had appointed ^our superintendents, one of
whom was a broken-down jeweler who, on account of defective
eyesight, wanted to have something to do in the open air. He
knew nothing about parks but, being a good fellow, got the aj>-
pointment. The other appointees were a retired politician, a
farmer and a florist.

Mr. D. D. England, of Winnipeg, Manitoba (Superintendent
of Parks and Cemetery), expressed his gratification in coming
from a city in which the park board was not dominated by politics
but its members were independent men. He explained that, under
a law there, the planting of trees on the streets was done by the
city and the expense assessed to the abutting property owners.
During the past two years twenty-five miles of trees had been
planted and it was expected that in the next two years fifty miles
more would be planted. All that was necessary was for the city to
take the initiative in the planting and then, if the people did not
object, the street was boulevarded.

The discussion here closed.

On motion of Mr. C. W. Tumley, it was ordered that a vote of
thanks be tendered to Mr. Pettigrew and that his paper be spread
upon the minutes.

88 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

MISCELLANEOUS.

Mr. Otto G. Koenig, in behalf of the General Entertainment
Committee, reported an acceptance of the invitation from Mr.
Staudinger to visit the plant of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Asso-
ciation ; with a suggestion to the visitors to start from the Conven-
tion Hall, in a body, at two o'clock P. M. this day.

Secretary Stewart read a telegram from F. C. Miller, Vice-
President for Canada, as follows:

"Canadian brother florists send heartiest congratulations and best
wishes."

The following invitation from the Burns Cottage Association
was read and filed:

St. Louis, Mo., August i8, 1904.

To the President and Members Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists.

Gentlemen: The Burns Cottage Association would be pleased to have
you visit the home of the man who immortalized the daisy.

Your beautiful rose-leaf badge will admit all who wish to enter.
Trusting to meet and greet you there, I am,

Yours very truly,

J. W. Dick, Pres. B. C. A.

An invitation from Superintendent Gurney to visit Tower
Grove Park on Friday, and suggesting that the visit be made at an
early hour in order that the full beauty of the pond lilies might be
seen, was read and accepted.

STANDARD SIZES OF CUT FLOWERS AND BULBS.

The report which had been recommitted to the committee on
this subject, of which Mr. E. H. Cushman was chairman, was here
read by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows:

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 89

Mr. President and Members of the Society of American Florists:

Your Committee on Standard Sizes of Cut Flowers anrl Bulbs submit
the following report:

Cut Flowers.

Having interviewed growers and dealers in several of the largest
growing centres, we have found them both agreed that a national standard
grade would benefit the trade.

Taking up trade papers, we find a difference in the quoted price of
flowers in different cities, which at times is very misleading to buyers and
growers. For instance, a "No. i" rose in Boston may be a "Special" in
New York or an "Extra" in Philadelphia, or vice-versa, and, therefore, if
there was a standard scale for all parts of the United States it would save
a great deal of confusion, especially to florists who order flowers by tele-
graph from dealers at a distance from their home market, who naturally
rely on or are governed by prices quoted by dealers or in different trade
papers.

After consulting with growers and dealers in divers large flower
centres, as aforesaid, I would respectfully submit the following scale, for
stem length, which I found would be acceptable to the majority:

All Roses except American Beauties,

Special 30 inches and over.

Fancy 24 to 30 inches.

Extra 18 to 24 inches.

No. I 14 to 18 inches.

No. 2 All under 12 inches.

All weak-stemmed, under-size flowers and mildewed stock to be
classed as No. 2's.

The grade of American Beauties as follows:

Special 40 inches and over.

Fancy . 30 to 40 inches.

Extra 24 to 30 inches.

No. I 18 to 24" inches.

No. 2 12 to 18 inches.

No. 3 All under 12 inches.

Respectfully submitted,

John B. Nugent, Jr.

90 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Bulbs.

Foreign-grown bulbs are graded to well-known and long established
sizes, and we do not advise any changes.

The grading of cannas and dahlia roots is impracticable for reasons
most obvious.

Gladiolus bulbs. — For all practical purposes covering the trade in a
general way, we would recommend the following sizes:

No. I 5 to 7 inches circumference.

No. 2 4 to 5 inches circumference.

No. 3 3 to 5 inches circumference.

All bulbs to be uniformly round and sound.

Respectfully submitted,

E. H. CUSHMAN,

F. J. MiCHELL.

Mr. William Scott remarked that, in the matter of bulbs as
well as plants, it was useless to attempt to fix a standard. He
called attention to the fact that the report recommended a standard
for gladioli, and yet growers of that bulb knew that the coarser and
less useful kinds produce the larger bulbs, while the choicest were
the smaller sizes. He also regarded any scale for grading cut
flowers as practically valueless because quality was not a feature of
it. He moved that the report be accepted and laid on the table.

Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York: Mr. President, I think it neces-
sary that these committee reports should be published to indicate the work
that has been done along a particular line, and that they should be accom-
panied with a statement of the action of the Society upon them. The sub-
ject may come up at a later date in some more acceptable form, when these
reports may act as a guide in some way. In order that the record of the
proceedings may be complete I think that all that has takep place should be
recorded in our annual report.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C.: It is impossible for any
committee to apply a standard for the whole United States in view of the
diverse conditions, of dififerent localities. We may thank the committee for
what they have done, receive their report and publish it in our minutes, but
we do not thereby necessarily approve their recommendations.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 91

Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Col., remarked that while the
scale that was recommended might not be all that was desired yet,
if the size of the flower was compatible with the length of the stem,
an idea could be had of the price for certain grades of that flower,
and thus an intimation would be had of what grade of stock was
demanded.

Mr. Scott's motion was here withdrawn; when

On motion of Mr. F. P. Dilger, a vote of thanks was tendered
to the committee and their report was accepted.

INDOOR BLOOMING PLANTS.

A paper on this subject was read by its author, Mr. J. A.
Peterson, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was much applauded. It was
as follows:

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen:

The subject assigned to me, "Indoor Flowering Plants," is indeed a
very exhaustive one, to which I do not feel able to do justice before such
an intelligent body as the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists. I will therefore confine myself to a few plants, of which
I make a specialty and which I hope will be acceptable.

First on my list, because of its popularity, I will place Hydrangea
Otaksa. This is, perhaps, next to the Easter Lily, one of the most popular
as well as one of the most profitable plants grown for the Easter trade.
Outside of being an enormous water-drinker, it is of very easy culture. As
a decorative plant it has few equals; as an out-door decorative plant, and
for porches, it lasts longer in bloom and gives better satisfaction than any
other flowering plant.

Hydrangeas for forcing, to be most successful, if you desire fine
specimens, should be grown in pots. Propagate from the young, soft, side-
shoots, or those that come from the bottom of the plant, as early as Janu-
ary, February, or March; they may also be propagated later in the season
as late as June or July, if you desire single plants with only one bloom;
more bushy plants are, however, preferable, as your customers will seldom
be satisfied with one large bloom but will prefer the more shapely plants.
As to culture, insert the cuttings in the sand, press firmly, syringe freely
and shade from the direct rays of the sun. A temperature of sixty degrees

92 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Fahrenheit should be maintained. They should remain in the sand about
three weeks, to become strongly rooted. Pot into three-inch pots; use a
light sandy loam, place in a light, cool house, near the glass, fifty to fifty-
five degrees at night; shade for a few days; as soon as established, remove
the shade. They may remain here till about the first of May.

To make large plants in one season, from cuttings, put three plants in
a five-inch pot, five plants in a six-inch pot: these may now be plunged
outdoors in the full sun, where they will grow slowly, as a sturdy, dwarf
plant is what is most desired. As late as July first you may pinch them
back; this will produce several shoots, all of which should be removed,
except two to each plant; you will then have six shoots in a five-inch pot,
ten shoots in a six-inch pot: remove all other growth. Give water as
required, during the summer months. By the first of September, these
plants may be repotted; the five-inch to seven-inch, the six-inch to eight-
inch pots, and again plunged outdoors in the full sun. Use a good strong
loam, three parts loam to one part sand and two parts old rotted cow
manure; pot firmly.

By October you will have nice plants from five to six inches high: at
this period water should be gradually withheld, so as to ripen the wood, for
if they are not properly ripened you cannot expect good results. As soon
as danger of frost comes, remove to a cool house or frame; water sparingly;
if you can allow your plants a slight frost, they will be greatly benefited by
same, but here one must be careful not to freeze too hard: also, if frozen,
protect from the sun; syringe overhead to remove the ice formed; this is,
however, a dangerous practice for inexperienced hands. From now on,
give very little or no water except when the plants are flagging. This is
the time to put away in winter quarters; a cool house, a cool frame or
under the bench in a violet house will do; here they may rest until wanted
for forcing.

As Easter comes late this coming year, namely, April 23d, it will be
time enough to start the forcing after Christmas; the first week in January
will do. Start the plants by giving them a good watering, syringe fre-
quently, then allow them to stand until they are fairly dry again. A tem-
perature of fifty-five degrees to start on will do for the first two or three
weeks; then you may increase the temperature to fifty-five or sixty degrees
at night; give plenty of ventilation as required, but no draught, as the
growth will be very soft and tender. Remove all side-shoots and those
that come from the bottom (these may be used as cuttings; remember that
only the terminal shoots will flower with any degree of certainty.) As the
plants grow stronger they should have plenty of room. When they have
made the fourth pair of leaves you can begin to see the embryo buds; this
will take about six weeks. From this time on plenty of water should be
given — all they will drink — and that is a great deal.

As soon as the flowers begin to develop and show color a watering

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. S^J

with manure-water twice a week will be greatly beneficial. The latter part
of March they will begin to show color; this is the time to increase the
ventilation, night and day, and keep them cool to harden them. Water
freely, also give a very light shade on the glass to keep the flowers from
burning. Hydrangeas grown thus will need no stakes and, as these are
unsightly in any plant, their use should be avoided as much as possible.

If plants are wanted for May and June for porch and outdoor garden
decoration, they should be kept dormant in a cool place and started on
only as required. If a blue hydrangea is desired, use iron filings mixed
with the soil, about a small handful to an eight-inch pot; also, watering
with alum dissolved in water will be found to produce the desired result.

I now wish to call your attention to another highly decorative plant
which, in my estimation, stands without a peer; the incomparable Begonia
Gloire de Lorraine. This begonia, by far the most useful and truly mag-
nificent of all begonias, is a hybrid between Begonia Socotrana and Be-
gonia Dregei, and was raised by that celebrated horticulturist, M. Lemoine,
of Nancy, France.

To derive the best results this plant should be propagated from leaf-
cuttings. Select only good mature leaves; take the leaves, including the
stalk, and insert the latter about one-half its length in the sand-bed; press
firmly; by all means do not let the leaves rest flat on the sand as they
damp easily. This operation should be done carefully. Water sparingly
only on bright days. If possible, a temperature of from sixty-five to
seventy degrees Fahrenheit should be maintained in the sand-bed at all
times. In about eight weeks the leaves should be sufficiently roofed to be
potted into two-inch pots. The small growths that form at the base of the
leaves should also appear; take care not to break or otherwise injure these
in potting as they form the foundation of the future plant.

For the first potting use equal parts of loam and sand; after potting
place in a rather dry house, close to the glass, where a light shade should
be given. Watering should be done very sparingly from now on oy water-
ing each plant separately and only when very dry; keep on the dry side
rather than too wet. Also, deep potting should be avoided. They may
remain in two-inch pots from January and February (the time of potting)
until June, at which time you should have nice little plants with from three
to five shoots, if propagated from leaf-cuttings; then your trouble is all
over.

Repot directly into four-inch pots and, from now 'on, they will con-
tinue to grow rapidly; more water may also be given as needed. More
shoots will appear from the bottom of the plants as they grow stronger.
Place in a cool, airy house, ventilating top and bottom; also shade well at
this time of the year. A good plan is to put a few tobacco-stems between
the pots as a preventive of green aphis. Water may now be given more
freely, as you can almost see the plants growing.

94 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

About August fifteenth to September first the final repotting will be
in order. For compost use three parts good turfy loam, two parts sand
and one part very old manure. Use six-inch or seven-inch azalea pots,
according to the size of your plants; one plant is sufficient for each pot, if
you have plants propagated from leaf cuttings.

I will here say that this plant can also be propagated easily from
cuttings during May, June and July; but these will not make as fine, sturdy
plants as by the above method. They will, however, make nice little plants
for three-inch pots for the holidays, suitable for jardinieres or table decora-
tions. If large plants are desired from cuttings you will have to put from
five to eight plants in a six-inch or seven-inch pot in order to be properly
furnished. Then, again, one plant in a pot always looks better than where
a lot are massed together.

During the summer the plants should be pinched back, each shoot to
two or three joints, so as to form shapely specimens; this should be dis-
continued after August. In pinching this way you not only have no flowers
during summer but you also insure a stronger growth.

About September first they are ready for tying; this may be done by
using one stake in the centre of the plant, looping each shoot loosely to
same with raffia; this should be done as often as required. By November
first the first blooms will appear; these should be removed if you desire a
lot for late flowering.

Begonia Gloire de Lorraine is not only useful as a single specimen,
but it may also be used very effectively in table decoration. Small plants in
three-inch pots are very effective for this purpose. It is also very useful
for floral designs. Let me say finally that Begonia Gloire de Lorraine is a
plant that has come to stay.

Begonia Turnford Hall, a white variety with a pleasing shade of
delicate pink as in the apple-blossom, is a sport of Begonia Gloire de Lor-
raine which appeared a short time ago in the London market. It gives
promise of being a grand companion to Gloire de Lorraine, and will be
quite as useful as its parent. It will in all probability be in the market next
season.

Among desirable plants for indoor culture I would also mention
Azalea Indica, with its bright and delicate shades of pink, white and red,
which can be had in flower from Christmas till Easter. Poinsettia pulcher-
rima, with its dazzling scarlet bracts, especially useful for Christmas deco-
rations. Euphorbia Jacquinaeflora has exceedingly pretty racemes of
orange-colored flowers. Primula obconica, and its newer hybrids, from
white to dark pink and fringed, is also very pretty, of easy culture and
gives great satisfaction. Cyclamens, in white, pink and scarlet, also the
newer fringed types called Papilio on account of their butterfly appearance,
are afong the most useful and satisfactory. Lilium Harrisii and L. longi-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 95

florum, no commercial florist can do without, as they are equally desirable
for all decorative purposes.

Other plants of special merit I would like to mention are, primulas,
calceolarias, cinerarias, acacias, ericas, epacris, epiphyllums, dendrobiums,
cattleyas, odontoglossums, phalaenopses, — in fact, this list might be ex-
tended indefinitely, as there are so many beautiful and desirable plants that
could be considered under this title, "Indoor Flowering Plants."

Discussion was invited.

Mr. Wm. Scott, being called upon, said the paper would be
published in the trade journals and in the Society's report, and he
advised his hearers to read and digest it. He knew Mr. Peterson
to be one of the best gardeners and most successful growers in the
United States. He said that the only way to grow the cyclamen
was to watch it as a mother watches her baby — to sleep with it, so
to speak. There was far more in attention than even in knowledge,
in gardening. He moved a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Peterson
for his interesting and instructive paper, and that it be ordered
that the same be spread on the minutes.

The motion was carried.

CLOSER RELATIONS WITH AUXILIARY SOCIETIES.

The Convention took up the amendment to the constitution,
providing for closer relations between the auxiliary societies and
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists,
by the enrollment of Sections.

The proposed amendment was as follows:

Article V. — Sections.

Section i. Any number of persons, not less than fifty, and not less
than twenty-five being members in good standing of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists who shall be interested
in horticulture or horticultural pursuits, and who represent any particular
branch- of horticulture, may be organized as a Section of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

96 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Section 2. Constitution and By-Laws of Sections. — Each Section
shall, in conformity with the aims and purposes and the charter of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, provide for
itself such officers, constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations as may be
required by such Section in the accomplishment of its work, and shall
determine the date upon which its annual meeting or exhibition shall be
held.

Section 3. Delegates. — Each duly enrolled Section shall be entitled to
elect one delegate annually, who must be a member of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in good standing, who
shall serve for one year as a member of the executive board thereof, with
all the powers, rights and privileges appertaining thereto, the payment by
the Society of traveling expenses of such delegate in attendance on meet-
ings of the executive board alone excepted.

Section 4. Annual Dues. — The annual dues, membership fees and
salaries in any Section shall be determined and controlled by its members,
and shall be entirely separate and distinct from the annual dues and mem-
bership fees paid to, and salaries paid by, the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists. Any member in good standing in any
Section shall be entitled to one annual report of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, but he shall not be entitled to
vote or take part in the deliberations of the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists unless he is a member of that Society in
good standing.

Section 5. Annual Report. — The secretary of each Section shall at-
tend each annual meeting of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists, and at such meeting shall present in writing a
report of the proceedings of such Section, which report shall be incorpo-
rated by the secretary of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists in the annual report of this Society.

Section 6. Plant Registration. — Registration of plants by members of
Sections shall be effected through the Registration Department of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

Section 7. Special Appropriations. — The Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists may from time to time pay to any duly
organized Section in good standing, for its use in furthering its work, such
sum as may be voted by the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, due regard being had for the number of members, the aver-
age attendance, the amount, character and importance of the work being
done," and of the needs of the Section, and may on the recommendation
of the Executive Board of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists, contribute for the use of any Section suitable

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 97

medals, certificates, or other awards, for new plants of American origin,
and other products of American skill deemed of special value to horticul-
ture.

Section 8. Scientific Work. — The services of the regularly appointed
specialists and committees of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists shall be at the disposal of any Section making re-
quest therefor through the secretary of that Society. Duplicate full detailed
reports of such investigation or other work shall be furnished by such
committee or specialist to the Section making the request, and to the
Secretary of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul-
turists for record and exclusive publication, and any expense appertaining
thereto shall be paid by the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists.

Section 9. Any Section whose membership shall fall below the re-
quired number of registered members in good standing of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, as required in Section
I, shall not be entitled to any of the privileges as covered in the preceding
sections during the time of such deficiency.

Mr. W. F. Gude opposed the amendment as destitute of any
practical benefit and likely to cause unnecessary complications. As
it had been long pending and was fully understood he hoped it
would now receive final action.

Mr. Wm. Scott explained that the amendment did not propose
to make it obligatory upon, but would leave it optional with any
minor organization to join the parent society. He thought that
any one of them would be better known throughout the world as a
section of the S. A. F. than as one of an innumerable number of
independent organizations. In the evolution of the business, in this
progressive age, he said, it was impossible to foretell developments;
one man had his hobby and another had his hobby, while others
had their hearts in all phases of horticulture. Therefore he thought
it would be a grand thing to have a mother society of which the
other societies should be branches. He urged that definite action
be taken upon the question in order that it might not continue to
come up at each succeeding annual meeting.

Mr. J. A. Valentine opposed the amendment. He said he
thought that what Mr. Scott had said about "this man's hobby and

98 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

that man's hobby" furnished a good reason for turning it down.
He did not want to see the S. A. F. converted into a livery stable.
He believed that any minor organization that had merit and
strength in it could stand on its own footing, that each had its own
particular work to do and could point with pride to achievements
in its own line. As a member of the Rose and Carnation Societies,
he said he was opposed to any attempt to amalgamate them with
the S. A. F.

Mr. W. R. Smith favored the amendment and spoke of the
importance and value of union and co-operation. He said that in
union there was strength and he thought that the carrying out of
what was now proposed would have a good effect in centralizing
the influence and usefulness of the kindred organizations and mak-
ing the S. A. F. more formidable if it should ever apply for legisla-
tion or when it would take action in its official capacity. He said
that after our nation repudiated the doctrine of the sovereignty of
each State and centralized the power of all the States in the national
government it became the most powerful nation of the world, and
he wanted the florists to have a similar arrangement and to con-
solidate in one central body. (Applause.)

Mr. W. F. Gude remarked that he considered the amendment
unnecessary, as no one of the auxiliary societies had applied to
come into the S. A. F.

Mr. Wm. Scott replied that the opportunity to do so had not
been given them, as the door had not been opened.

Mr. Gude denied that the parent society had ever refused to
give recognition to members of the minor organizations, and he
asserted that even under the amendment the latter would not
receive any more recognition.

Mr. G. L. Grant favored the amendment, as he thought it
might be well -to leave the door open so that people who desired
to do so might form associations. He suggested that possibly if
the door had been left open fifteen years ago organizations now
working independently might have become sections of the S. A. F.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 99

Mr. John Burton: Mr. President, I think there is scarcely any branch
of horticulture which cannot be taken care of by our Society as at present
organized, and I believe that all that it is proposed to do by the very com-
plicated machinery provided for in the amendment may be accomplished
as well and in a much more simple way by committees. It would be much
better, in my opinion, to leave our Society as it is; and if the necessity
should arise for doing something in behalf of the dahlia or the hollyhock
or anything else, we can appoint a committee that will do it as satisfacto-
rily as it would be done through any complication like that suggested by
the amendment. I am sorry to be on this side of the question, as I have
been for some time closely associated with these Directors of the Society,
but I take this stand simply because I believe that the best way to do our
work is through our own committees and not through outside organiza-
tions that may have to come to us to ask for admission. (Applause.)

Mr. Wm. Dilger, of Detroit, agreed with Mr. Burton. He said
the Society of American Florists was recognized as being at the
head of all the organizations, that it was a representative body
whose members were growers of flowers and who were looked to
as the men who advanced the ideas. He wanted to see the Carna-
tion and other Societies grow and flourish; he said their members
were also members of the S. A. F. and there was no cause to fear
that they would not receive due recognition.

Mr. C. W. Turnley, in opposing the amendment, said that his
own view had been expressed by the two speakers who had just
preceded him. He reminded the Convention that at the Cleveland
and Providence meetings he had contended that the addition of
"O. H." to the initials of the Society was unnecessary because the
title "S. A. F." was sufficiently comprehensive to include orna-
mental horticulturists and organizations that might be created in
the future. Referring to what had been said about opening the
door, he said the door was already open. He asked to whom
would these organizations come if not to the S. A. F. They could
at any time enter it untramelled.

The. discussion here closed.

A rising vote was taken, when the amendment was rejected by
twenty-two in favor to thirty against it.

100 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

THE QUESTION BOX.

The following, from the Question Box, was propounded by
Secretary Stewart:

"Would it be advisable to change the date of the meeting to better suit
the growers of carnations, with whom August is the busiest month of the
year?"

Mr. Fred. Schmeling, of Milwaukee, responded. He said he
thought the present date was the most advantageous for the mem-
bers, as a body, and that a change ought not to be made solely for
the benefit of one class of growers.

Mr. Albert M. Herr, of Lancaster, Pa., said he had proposed
the question in order to get the sentiment of the Society. He had
noticed that very few of the men who made a specialty of carnations
were present, though he had expected to meet quite a number; and
as they were busy in their greenhouses in August he thought an-
other date would be preferable.

Mr. F. J. Fillmore, of St. Louis, suggested that a change that
would suit the carnation men might inconvenience the store men.

Mr. Wm. Dilger, of Detroit, said he could not see any reason
for a change as florists were busy at home in July and September,
while August suited them much better as a time for a little recrea-
tion. (Applause.)

The discussion here closed.

Secretary Stewart read the following additional question:

"Has any one made or heard of experiments in greenhouses with
electricity on plant life, with regard to its influence upon root-action of
plants such as roses and carnations; and what was the result — were galvanic
batteries, dynamos or stadic machines used in the experimenting and how?"

Mr. J. L. Dillc^n, of Bloomsburg, Pa.: Some two years ago one of
the professors of the Michigan State College, who was present, stated that

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 101

he was experimenting with electricity, and later I sent him a lot of carna-
tions for use in his experiments. I never received any report from him.
Is any one here from the College who could give us some information on
the question?

Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York: I talked with the gentleman who
was to undertake that work of experimenting at the Michigan State Col-
lege, and he informed me (I think it was last year) that his experiments
were not sufficiently far advanced to enable him to give any information
that would be definite or of practical value.

Secretary Stewart announced the following question from the
box:

"What is the best substitute for tobacco stems for fumigation?"

Mr. George M. Kellogg, of Pleasant Hill, Mo., responded:

Tobacco stems serve as one of the cheapest fumigators and are in
general use. Recently the small factories all over the country have been
bought up by the manufacturers of plug tobacco; and as these factories
have gone out of business, it is rather difficult to say where the tobacco
stems are to come from in any quantity. Small growers can get them at
the cigar stores.

Mr. F. Schmeling, of Milwaukee, asked whether any of the
members had had experience with nicoticide. He said he saw it
advertised in nearly all the trade papers. He declared that about
two years ago it caused him to lose three houses of roses. He had
received it in a half-gallon tin can with a cup attached, and the
directions were to make the measurements of it in the cup. He
used it according to the directions and did not apply it very strong.
Afterwards he found that it was a deadly poison and that even if
applied in small quantities it was injurious.

Mr. F. J. Fillmore, of St. Louis: The old-fashioned way of fumigating
with tobacco stems is good enough for me. We are always able to get
them. I have been using them for about thirty-seven years. I have used
substitutes but found none to equal the tobacco stems.

Mr. F. W. Wessels, of Aiken, S. C. : I have been very successful
with nicoticide by using it according to the instructions that were given by
the manufacturers. Being located in the South I was much troubled with

102 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

insect pests and could not get rid of them with tobacco, but nicoticide did
the work for me very nicely. The trouble with nicoticide is that when the
price is put above the reach of the florist he gets frightened. However, I
found it really cheaper than tobacco. I have no doubt that if it is used as
directed it .will surely do the work.

Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer, of Des Moines, Iowa, said he had used
canna stems and leaves a^ a substitute for tobacco stems with good
results. By cutting off the canna in the Fall, curing the stalk and
leaf, and using it the sanie as tobacco, he had found it almost equal
to tobacco for fumigation, purposes. He added that in the locality
from which he came gOod tobacco stems were procurable at rea-
sonable rates.

The discussion here closed.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS FOR 1905.

The report of the tellers for the election of officers for 1905
was made by Mr. John G. Esler, who announced the result of the
balloting as follows:

For President — J. C. Vaughan, 166; Lewis Ullrich, 99.
For Vice President — J. R. Freeman, 246.
For Secretary — W. J. Stewart, 148; J. F. Sullivan, 115.
For Treasurer — H. B. Beatty, 257.

Mr. Esler added: The tellers would make one or two recommenda-
tions. One is that in future elections names of voters be omitted from the
ballots, not that they do any particular harm, but that they might lead to
confusion. The tellers also suggest that four, instead of three, tellers be
appointed and that the President announce the appointments on the day
preceding the election, so that the gentlemen appointed may be ready to
enter upon their duties at the time of the opening of the polls.

President Breitmeyer announced the election of Messrs.
Vaughan, Freeman, Stewart and Beatty. *

Mr. Lewis Ullrich expressed his thanks to his friends who had
labored for his success in the contest for President. He said it

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 103

had been customary for the defeated candidate to move to make the
vote unanimous, and he therefore now moved that the election of
Mr. Vaughan be made by a unanimous vote.

The motion was carried with applause.

The President announced the following as the Committee on
Final Resolutions: Messrs. G. L. Grant, J. L. Dillon and J. F.
Sullivan.

Adiourned.

FOURTH DAY.

Friday, August 19, 1904.

Mr. P. J. Hauswirth, Chairman of the Committee on Sports
presented a report of the results of the bowling tournament with
the list of prizes, etc. (Full details of the sporting events will be
found in the later pages of this volume.)

On motion of Mr. John Burton, the report was accepted for
insertion in the Society's record, and a vote of thanks was given
the committee.

Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York: Mr. President, Secretary Stewart,
in his report, suggested that the Society should acquire a storage place for
the documents and other material which he has in his possession belonging
to the Society. I think it would be well to bring that matter up now for
settlement.

President Breitmeyer: What is required, as the STecrctary stated, is
an office for the safe keeping of papers of value belonging to the Society.
The Executive Committee made temporary provision for it.

Mr. R. Vincent, Jr., of White Marsh, Md.: I move that the matter be
left with the Executive Committee, to make whatever proper provision may
be needed.

The motion was carried without objection.

104 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The session of this day having been set aside for addresses by
visitors, among whom were several eminent horticulturists from
abroad, routine business was temporarily suspended. The speakers
included members of the Society.

Mr. H. M. Altick, of Dayton, Ohio, chairman of the committee
on the Florists' McKinley Memorial Fund, was the first speaker.
He said:

I hope you will not think that I am too persistent in keeping before
you this question of the Florists' McKinley Memorial Fund, but I cannot
let the opportunity pass to explain it to a great number who do not seem
to understand just exactly what we are trying to do.

In the first place, the florists' business is founded on sentiment. If it
were not for sentiment we might close up tomorrow, for we could find no
market for our products. We have found in the last few years that we have
a sentimental nation. Upon the breaking out of the war with Spain we
saw the patriotism on the part of the youth of our country in offering their
lives in the defense of the nation. Later, when the hand of the assassin
struck down our lamented President we saw another phase of that senti-
ment. Where has there been an expression of popular feeling such as was
shown at the time of the funeral services of President McKinley, when
every wheel of commerce and every wheel of traffic was stilled? That was
a most wonderful demonstration of sentiment. During the life of the
President, he especially symbolized the carnation; and in the expression of
that beautiful sentiment he was always ready to pin a carnation on the lapel
of a friend. He made it possible for our nation to adopt the carnation as
a symbol of uprightness and manhood. His love for that flower led to the
creation of "The Carnation League of America," an organization which, in
the second year of its existence, can show a membership of three million.
It has created for us a day to which the florists can always look forward;
it has adopted a staple in our stock; it has organized our customers; and it
advertises our business in the press of the country without cost, for every
word that is said in reference to "Carnation Day" is an advertisement for
our business.

The organization of The Carnation League of America has reached
thousands of people who never used flowers before. People who never had
bought a flower wore a carnation on that day. The sentiment thus aroused
has caused them to admire and appreciate other flowers and to learn the
use of flowers. This great movement has furnished data for the education
of our youth, our future customers, for already have been held special
school exercises commemorating the day. We should appreciate the g'-eat
help to our business of The Carnation League, which furnishes popular

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 105

news and is disseminating its principles by circulating articles for publican
tion prior to January 29th, having free access to the Associated Press Asso-
ciation. We should realize and appreciate that we have the support and
influence of the best people of this United States, both public and private,
in this enterprise. The results to our business have been marvelous. It is
but two years old and has resulted in at least $250,000 additional to our
business. In Springfield, Ohio, the centre of the mail catalogue business in
this country, the demand for small carnation plants was unprecedented in
their history, and the demand for other plants was correspondingly in-
creased. The goods are delivered to us, should we not show a reasonable
appreciation for the benefits received? We, as a profession, are placed on
record. Shall we be debited with a failure on the book of history?

Our committee is now being assisted, both financially and otherwise,
by relatives and friends of the late President, not only to uphold the national
and family pride, but to save our own reputation, for we as a craft are
looked upon as sponsers to sentiment. This movement appeals to an
overwhelming National sentiment and to our personal gain, and others are
now trying to break in with a substitute for the carnation to express this
popular sentiment. Shall we stand with hands folded and see the destruc-
tion of that beautiful sentiment that should be nurtured for the good of all,
a foundation stone of good government?

I will repeat the statement made at Milwaukee, that our committee is
endeavoring to make it necessary for every florist to have the steel-
engraved certificate of contribution posted in a conspicuous place in his
place of business, as an appeal to that sentiment that causes his patrons to
purchase his products, and as an indication to the public of his sentiment
and patriotism. Why cannot we have the co-operation of the ten thousand
florists in the United States? I received from one florist a check for $30,
being his contribution and the contributions of five of his friends. Can't
others do as this patriotic 'and far-seeing florist did for the good of the
cause? Our committee cares not to beg, plead or argue, but desires that
all contributions be free-will offerings, so that the public may be so in-
formed when the fund is turned over to the National Association, thus
elevating, in the public eye, our profession to its proper level.

Provided our fund reaches the proper proportions, it is mtimated that
it will be set aside as a permanent fund, the income to be used for the
perpetual care of the grounds and approaches to the fnonument, $50,000
already being spent for real estate. What could be more appropriate than
that the florists of this great country should emphasize the sentimental side
of their nature by using their profession to perpetually honor the memory
of the greatly beloved McKinley. In all great movements individuals are
lost sight of in the magnitude of the work; in this we, as florists, are espe-
cially favored in that we are continually in evidence in caring for this great
National Monument. As Mr. Walbridge beautifully classed the florists as

106 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

God's lieutenants, who are given the care of His beautiful creations, we
should do honor to that position and be ever ready to uphold it. Sorry is
the lot of man who fails to respond to the .beauties of Nature, but doubly
sorry the man, chosen custodian of God's richest treasures, who sees but
the baser side of life.

You now have the opportunity that has been afforded to no other
profession or trade, not only to increase sentiment and patriotism, but also
to elevate Floriculture, and in so doing reap great benefits from the same.
Will you grasp this opportunity?

Mr. G. W. Brown, Superintendent of the British horticultural
exhibit at the World's Fair, was called upon. He said that much
had been heard during the past few years (and reference had been
made to it during the present Convention) as to the low estimate
which the public placed upon horticulturists. Various suggestions
had been made to remedy this but, as to many of these, he thought
it was attempted to start at "the wrong end of the stick," to use a
common phrase. He continued:

To my mind the most essential thing is to secure greater efficiency on
our own part. As soon as we recognize the importance of our calling and
the significance of our profession; when we realize the prominent part it
has played among races that are past and gone and among living races that
are great and powerful, and note the part it is destined to play among races
that will come into power and prominence, then we will hear no more the
cry about poor remuneration and the unsatisfactory conditions in which the
horticulturist is working. I have noticed that this cry generally originates
with that class who follow horticulture as a means of earning a livelihood
only. Look around you, in all countries, and observe the men who have
been the most successful in this profession. They are the men who think
no trouble is too great if it benefits their profession; men who love their
work; whose lives are given up to it and who look upon their plants as a
father looks upon his children. So long as man differs from man will one
horticulturist differ from another; but no matter to what nationality they
belong, whether French, German or English, there is but one real type of
horticulturist. • ,

The section of horticulturists whom we call florists are not, to my
mind, open to criticism as are we who call ourselves ornamental horticul-
turists. The florist understands that horticulture is the art of improving,
not of doing away with, nature. The hybridist takes two plants, each
possessing some good quality, and brings them together, passing the
pollen from one to the other; he is thus helping nature, he is filling
up a deficiency which by some chance nature has left void. Florists

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 107

evolve beautiful new varieties of flowers and hand them over to us
who are supposed to understand the dispositions of plants, that we may
make our gardens beautiful. What do we do? Do we study nature? Do
we try to follow nature? Look around you at the great Exhibition here
and take note of what you see here. Take the British garden — our own
garden. What have we there? We have nothing but straight lines, plants
cut and mutilated. That is not high art. Art is that which tries to imitate
nature, which tries rather to improve on nature, to take away the coarse-
ness of natural growths and to fill up places which the hand of man has
denuded or left bare. That is the higher branch of ornamental gardening.
If we take in other parts of the Exhibition what do we see? We see masses
of one gaudy color, geraniums or salvias or some other in the
centre of a grassplot. Just fancy that being transferred to canvas.
Here we have a dark green ground and upon that nothing but a
patch of red. Would that by any eminent painter be considered
a picture? Why does it please us? For the same reason that a gaudy or
loud picture pleases the crowd. But a cultured critic, such as Ruskin,
would trample it under his feet. Why are we doing this? Because we do
not understand the maxim that horticulture is an art which improves nature
and does not do away with it. I know I am on debatable ground when
speaking of formal gardens and so on; and I am not very sure but that if
I had my own way always I would have a nook or one corner of our orna-
mental grounds put aside for some of this formal work to show what can
be done with plants. But let us pay a little more attention to nature in
our ornamental gardening.

There is a great future before the horticulturist of a country like
America, which has been most richly endowed with nature's gifts. There
is a great deal of sentiment in the country and it must have an opportunity
to grow. In the hurry and bustle of settling and developing a vast terri-
tory there is but little time for gardening, but there is a time coming when
we will not live so fast, when people will be settling down and showing
greater love for their homes. It is our province not only to cater to the
public taste of the present day but to cultivate a more refined taste. We
should also train our children in the work of floral ornamentation. Think
for a moment of the prominent part that gardening and horticulture have
taken in the home life of England, France, Italy and other European coun-
tries in the last three hundred years. Persia, India, China, Egypt and
Rome were noted for their love of flowers. In each country our art was
brought to a certain point and then the country died away and left it at
that point. I look to America to take up horticulture at the point at which
those countries left it and to carry it forward. For my part I cannot
imagine an ideal condition of society or a universal brotherhood in a
country in which the love of flowers does not exist.

108 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The speaker concluded by urging florists to look upon horti-
culture as a high art, to realize that in their gardening they are
painting with nature's own colors and to reflect that the beauties
of nature are not found alone in the gaudy colors of cannas and
geraniums. He thanked his hearers for their hospitality and said
he hoped for a closer union and brotherhood between the gardeners
and horticulturists of America and their brethren on the other side
of the water. (Applause.)

On motion of Mr. F. J. Fillmore, the thanks of the Society
were voted to Mr. Brown for his address.

Mr. Arthur Beinroth, of London, Eng. (who accompanied the
previous speaker) was introduced. He said that he had been in
this country but a few months and was unable to speak about the
trade in which he was interested — arboriculture. He had been
much impressed by American hospitality and what he had seen
here. He thought it surprising that so young a country could have
made such advances in every trade. Referring to the World's Fair
he said it had demonstrated the importance of the florist's art. He
asked what would be the appearance of the beautiful buildings
there without the charmingly laid out grounds which abounded in
hundreds of diflferent kinds of plants and flowers. He thought that
this feature was the greatest of the attractions for visitors. He
also spoke of the Horticultural Building, with its marvelous floral
and fruit exhibits, and said he regretted there were so few foreign
competitors to enter into friendly rivalry with the American
exhibitors.

Mr. D. D. England, Superintendent of Parks and Cemetery at
Winnipeg, Manitoba, was called upon as the next speaker. He said
that if he had known he would be called upon to address the
Society he would have prepared statistics to show what horticulture
had done and is doing in what is called "the land of snow" in the
great Northwest. He said that when he mentioned the name of
Winnipeg in the Convention he was surprised with the question,
"Where is that?" Its people thought that it was one of the best
cities in the whole of North America, and he could say candidly that
there was not a city of its size that was progressing more rapidly

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 109

than it. He exhibited photographs of Winnipeg and explained that
its population was from 70,000 to 80,000 and that its building per-
mits showed a value of $8,000,000 for one year. Ten years ago,
when he went there, the city had 32,000 inhabitants and two florists
— one with a little lean-to greenhouse and the other with four
small greenhouses of twelve by forty feet. They were unable to
sell their products. The park system was then organized with
Mr. England as Superintendent, and in a few years the output of
the florists' establishments had increased twelve-fold and was
unable to supply the demand.

Referring to the influence of parks and of street tree planting
in Winnipeg and other cities of Canada, he spoke of the rapidly
increased demand for flowers and plants and for the boulevarding
of many miles of streets. The laying out of a two hundred-foot
square plot in front of the City Hall of Winnipeg for flower culture
had been followed by a rapid increase in the florists' business. At
the close of each year there was a free distribution of about five
thousand geraniums, and it had been found that this benefiled
instead of injured the florists' business by stimulating a public
demand for flowers.

On motion of Mr. F. J. Fillmore, of St. Louis, a vote of thanks
was tendered to Messrs. England and Beinroth for their addresses.

Prof. A. C. Beal, of the University of Illinois, was introduced
as the next speaker. He spoke of the experimental stations estab-
lished by the National Government in connection with the agricul-
tural colleges of certain States, and said that he hoped that the
florists would take advantage of them for research in their work.
He explained that they had been in operation for about fifteen
years and were supported by a Government appropriation of
$15,000 for experimental work; the buildings and necessary appli-
ances for investigations being furnished by the States. At the
experimental station in Illinois, last year, various kinds of soil were
investigated and an inquiry was made into the feeding of live stock,
ten carloads of cattle being used in the latter. A dairy mvestigation
was also made covering the apple rot and the cold storage of fruit.

Commenting upon the inadequacy of some state appropria-

110 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

tions for the conduct of experiments, particularly relating to tlori-
culture, the speaker said the experiment stations had done the best
they could with the facilities they had, but their operations were
limited. For instance, in the matter of fertilizers the investigations
were confined to one kind only, upon a small plot containing not
more than twenty plants, and the results, however accurate and
carefully made, were not upon a sufficiently large scale to be of
general value. If the florists wanted to have experiments made
they should see that the stations were properly equipped with
greenhouses and the requisite facilities. Experiments as to the
effect of electricity ought to be made at the expense of the State, at
these stations, because individual growers could not afford to risk
the loss of a house of plants in making such investigations. He
continued:

Considerable scientific work has been done by the stations, and it
remains now to apply some of the discoveries for the benefit of floriculture.
I hope that when you visit Washington, next year, you will look over the
equipment there, co-operate with the men in charge and give them sugges-
tions. I would like you to feel that it is the business of the experimental
stations to do things which are of benefit to the florists.

REMARKS BY PRESIDENT-ELECT VAUGHAN.

President-Elect J. C. Vaughan, being called upon by the Chair
for some remarks, was greeted with applause and spoke as follows:

Ladies and gentlemen, I want to thank you for your kindness in
choosing me to carry forward your work, so far as the President of the
Association can carry it forward, for the coming year. I say meaningly
"so far as the President can carry it forward," because this Society has
grown to be so large that the importance of any one man, no matter how
high his position in the Society, is very small. Since this organization was
effected, twenty years ago, its growth has been wonderful. It has developed
on many lines. At first we were a small body, beginning a new line of work
all throughout. The essays or matters prepared by the Executive Com-
mittee, in those days, were new and we could not go wrong. Since then the
committee work has grown well in line with the growth of the business of
our organization, and it has now become very wide in many directions. I
feel that in taking hold of this work at this time, twenty years after its

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 111

beginning, it may be well to gather up the results of all these years into
one general total, showing our progress in the twenty years.

I want especially to assure this body, after having passed as we have
through this friendly contest, that, so far as in me lies I shall not be the
representative of any section or any interest, and it only rests with you,
each one, to take hold and carry forward his part with me.

In taking this position I take it as the representative of all and that I
shall not be the President of the sporting element or the conservative ele-
ment or the wholesale dealers oi the retail dealers or the cut-flower grow-
ers, but I shall try to be the President of the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists. (Applause.)

As I have said, it is my idea to gather together at the end of these
twenty years the best results of what we have done; but that is not saying
that we are up to date and that everything has been done that could be
done, for I feel that the field widens every year. It cannot be otherwise;
and we ought to bring ourselves together more compactly to the point we
have reached.

Many thoughts occur to me in connection with the great possibilities
of our art, and I would mention this one. The wealthy people of
this country, those upon whom we depend much in our trade, have become
migratory in their home life. For four weeks of the twelve months they
may be on the coast of Maine; for another four weeks they may be on
Santa Catalina Island on the Coast of California; they may spend two
weeks in Alaska, three weeks in Florida and a month in Europe. Many of
them have not cared to build or own palatial residences in a city but, in all
their migrations they have retained possession of their homes in suburban
or rural sections. In recent years we have noticed a tendency on the part
of this wealthy class, and also on the part of people of moderate means, to
improve and beautify their country residences. In this work our art is an
important factor. In embellishing and making the country home and its
surroundings beautiful and attractive the horticulturist is indispensable.
And these homes are not all simple or cheap; they cost often hundreds of
thousands of dollars. We hear of one of the accompaniments of such a
home in the shape of a sixty- thousand dollar stable with a score of men
employed in connection with it. Consider the possibilities that are open to
our art in the adornment of such an expensive home and the grounds
around it. My thought is that it is important for us to keep abreast of the
times, in our line, and by our triumphs in horticulture to provide the best,
the most artistic and beautiful, that people of means may invest their
money in horticultural as well as architectural luxuries.

As I have said, we need help on all of these lines; and in making any
appointments I shall endeavor to select the men who will best promote our
interests and the growth of the Society as on the lines indicated by a sum-
mary of these twenty years of work. I thank you. (Applause.)

112 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

PRESENTATION TO PRESIDENT BREITMEYER.

A number of handsome gifts from the Society were here pre-
sented to President Breitmeyer. They consisted of a pair of silver
candelabras, a silver tea set, a silver water set and a diamond-
studded Knight Templar charm.

Mr. J. D. Carmody, in making the presentations, said: Mr. President
Breitmeyer, words are sentiments, but we seek to manifest to you by some-
thing more tangible than words our appreciation of your valuable services
as our Presiding Officer. (Referring to the candelabra:) May the good
wife fill them with their belongings and set them in the windows of your
palatial mansion that they may be a beacon light to you when returning to
your haven of rest and the bosom of your family. Within doors may they
ever hold a light for you and your guests. May that light shine brightly
and throw its refulgent rays upon you and yours as long as your lamp of
life shall continue to burn. Keep them in remembrance of the S. A. F., as
a token of our glowing afTection.

(Referring to the tea set:) Well, here is something else. When you
return home to your family, after weary work, tired and exhausted, may
the good wife brew in this vessel that beverage which, toned down and
flavored with the milk of human kindness and sweetened with the sugar of
life, shall dispel all cares and bring joy and contentment to your soul.
These things may be handed down to coming generations, and your children
and children's children may say: "This shows that Papa was loved by the
Society of American Florists."

(Referring to pitcher in water set:) And what have we here? It is a
water service. May it ever be found on your table filled with the crystal
waters of Lake Erie, and may it ever take the place of "the growler."
(Merriment.)

(Referring to watch charm:) Here is something that has just been
handed to me to present to you. It is a beautiful charm to hang upon
your watch-guard. May it ever be a talisman to protect you from all the
evils with which life abounds. Upon it you see a cross and crown. May
you wear it as a crowning evidence of the love of the American florist.
When you depart from this life to a better one, those who come after you,
your heirs and friends, will say that these are evidences of the affection of
the old florists, whose greatest pleasure always was to make happy their
fellow man as well as to beautify this terrestrial sphere.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113

Mr. Breitmeyer expressed his appreciation of the gifts and his
cordial thanks. He said he felt overwhelmed by the kindness of
his friends and was unable to express his feelings in words. He
promised that while he lived he would continue lo work and
co-operate with his fellow members.

OTHER PRESENTATIONS. '

Mr. Wm. P. Craig, of Philadelphia, on behalf of the exhibitors
in the trade exhibition, presented Mr. Charles A. Kuehn, Superin-
tendent of the trade display, and his assistant, Mr. F. H. Meinhardt,
each with a pair of diamond-studded cuff buttons as a testimonial
of appreciation of the good services rendered by those gentlemen.

Messrs. Kuehn and Meinhardt made appropriate responses.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, presented the bowling trophies
won by the Chicago team, which were accepted in appropriate
remarks by Captain George Asmus, of the team.

A FEW WORDS ON SPORTS.

Mr. Scott incidentally remarked:

There is a diversity of opinion about whether we should patronize the
shooting and bowling beyond a certain point. My opinion is that the^e is
a happy medium. I think that without these sports the Society would not
be as successful as it is, but you must think it out yourselves. I know this,
that the best men on the platform, the best growers, the best fellows all
around, can shoot and bowl and talk. And the man who can only talk
roses or geraniums when he comes to a Convention — why, he is very little
good anywhere. (Merriment and applause.)

Mr. Scott then paid a deserved compliment to Mr. John West-
cott, who, he said, "if not a great bowler in Philadelphia, is the
heart and soul of all the sports of that city — a man to whom we owe
as much, on the social side, as to any man I know of." (Applause.)

114 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mr. E. G. Hill: Mr. President, in looking at the great array of silver-
ware on the platform anyone might think that we had gone into the silver-
ware business this morning. Now, I think the bowling part of the enter-
tainment at our National Conventions is all right; I believe that the bowl-
ing and the sports have been productive of great good to the Society, and
I am glad to see these things which assure a spirit of good will and good
fellowship pervading the Society. I hope it will continue. But of course
let us keep within bounds. We don't want to forget that we are votaries
of Agriculture and friends of Queen Flora, even if we have been introduced
to Diana of the Ephesians. (Applause.)

Mr. J. A. Valentine: Mr. President, I think that Mr. Hill ought to
be commended for the exceeding good nature with which he has taken
Mr. Scott's remarks, because, as I understand, Mr. Hill neither shoots nor
bowls. (Merriment.)

CLOSING BUSINESS.

Mr. J. F. Sullivan: Mr. President, following in the line of the remarks
made yesterday by Mr. Ullrich in moving a unanimous vote for Mr.
Vaughan as President, I now move that the election of Mr. William J.
Stewart be made unanimous.

The motion was carried with applause.

On motion of Mr. J. A. Valentine a vote of thanks was
extended to Prof. Beal for his address.

President Breitmeyer expressed his appreciation of the work
done by the Convention and his thanks to the St. Louis florists and
their ladies for their labors and hospitality, which, he said, had
made the Convention one of the most successful in the history of
the Society.

On motion of Mr. Wm. Scott, the Society adjourned to meet
in Washington, D. C, in August, 1905.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 115

AT SHAW'S GARDEN.

On Friday afternoon, Aug. 19th, the members of the Society
and their ladies were the g'uests of Dr. WiUiam Trelease at the
renowned Missouri Botanical Garden. They were conducted
through the greenhouses and grounds and enjoyed a pleasant after-
noon. Owing to the threatening weather refreshments were served
in the Linnean House, instead of upon the lawn as originally
arranged.

Dr. Trelease formally welcomed the visitors, on behalf of the
trustees of the Garden, and eloquently expressed his pleasure in
having a visit from the Society a second time.

Mr. Wm. Scott responded with characteristic humor and elo-
quence, and a round of cheers was given for Dr. Trelease and the
trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas, the citizens, and especially the members of the St. Louis
Florists' Club, have extended to the Society of American Florists a hearty
welcome, and have done everything for our pleasure and comfort, and have
made our stay in their beautiful city an occasion long to be remembered,

Resolved, That we tender to Hon. Cyrus P. Walbridge our sincere
thanks for his hearty and kindly words of welcome.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be extended to the members
of the St. Louis Florists' Club for their untiring efforts in our behalf, and
the advancement of our work.

Resolved, That our thanks are especially due to President J. J. Beneke,
and to his able assistants who were chairmen of his various committees and
did their work so efficiently and cheerfully.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be tendered to Mr. Charles
A. Kuehn, who made our exhibition the great success that marked it.

Resolved, That our thanks are due Miss Perle Fulmer for her enter-
taining selection of vocal music, and to the others who assisted in making
the President's reception a pleasant and memorable one.

116

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Resolved, That our thanks are due to the able and interesting essayists,
and also to the horticultural visitors from abroad whose addresses were so
much appreciated. And to the ladies of St. Louis who managed the enter-
tainment in connection with the trolley ride, we express our greatful appre-
ciation .

Resolved, That we acknowledge with thanks the cordial invitation of
the Lewis Publishing Company to visit their place and partake of their hos-
pitality, and of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Company for similar courtesies
extended.

Resolved, That we are especially grateful to Director William Trelease
and the Trustees of the Missouri Botanic Gardens for their generosity and
hospitable reception so kindly tendered the Society of American Florists.

Signed,

St. Louis, Mo.,

August 19, 1904.

G. L. Grant,

J. L. DULON,
J. F. SUIvWVAN,

Committee.

Wm. J. Stewart,

Secretary.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 117

REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1904.

ALABAMA

The season just closing has developed remarkable progress in all
branches of our trade.

Only the finest quality of cut flowers were in demand, the call chiefly
being for American Beauty, Bride and Bridesmaid roses ; Lawson, the carna-
tion leader, and double violets ; the demand for the latter far ahead of the
supply.

In decoration for tables, churches, clubs, etc., there has been notice-
able improvement, with our beautiful native smilax as popular as hereto-
fore. Where a few years ago our citizens were content to spend a few
cents, they now spend dollars, and it is with great satisfaction I note that
as soon as a new home is completed it is understood that the next step
is to engage a landscape gardener to beautify the grounds with grass,
bedding plants and shade trees.

In our public parks the eye is delighted with well-kept lawns and
flower beds which, a few years ago, could have been called a wilderness
of weeds. Palms and ferns which seem to belong to the Southland are in
every home, consequently the sale of these is enormous, with the prices
far in advance of that received by our florist friends in the North, East
and West. Our State motto, "Here We Rest," does not apply to our
profession ; on the contrary, we are advancing and that rapidly. My
greatest regret is that we have so few members of the Society of American
Florists.

Amy K. Luffman, State Vice-President.

COLORADO

The business situation in Colorado during the year last past has been
far from satisfactory, owing to labor strikes in several of the coal districts
and in the two principal gold mining camps of the State. This has con-
considerably curtailed the income of many of the people who are generally
most liberal in their expenditures and the florist business, along with all
other commercial lines, has suffered somewhat in consequence. It is prob-
able that if the figures could be secured, the volume of business in the year

118

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

just past would equal the business of the year preceding, but that no
material increase would be shown.

In the City of Denver there have been some new retail establishments
started with reasonable success, and some among the old ones have fallen
by the wayside.

The only department store in Denver which has conducted a flower
department on an extensive scale has, dicing the year past, finally dis-
posed of the last of its greenhouses and definitely abandoned the attempt
to grow its own supply.

One of the very noticeable features of the year has been the marked
success attendant upon the conducting of a flower store which has catered
to the popular trade, selling a medium grade of goods at low prices and
making no effort to reach out for what may be called "the exclusive trade."
The store has sold enormous quantities of flowers and has apparently
created a field for itself without making any perceptible inroads upon the
patronage of stores of the more exclusive class.

The street fakirs have no foothold in the city.

In Denver there has been little new glass erected and the supply of
flowers has seemed fully adequate to the demand. There have been some
small greenhouse plants erected in several of the country towns of the
State but no establishments yet of any great extent. Most of these plants
start with less than one thousand feet of glass but will undoubtedly be
increased as they succeed in creating a demand for their goods in their
immediate localities. In the meantime, their surplus stock will be pur-
chased in Denver, Colorado Springs and Council Blufifs.

A move was inaugurated a year ago to conduct a wholesale com-
mission business in Denver and for a time this move seemed likely to be
successful and permanent but after a few months the project was aban-
doned, owing to dissatisfaction among the smaller growers.

There has been a decidedly increased tendency for retail florists to
make contracts with reputable growers, covering their probable needs for
the ensuing year, and at prices which are definitely fixed at the time the
contract is made. Wherever both parties to the contract are fair-minded
and disposed to live up to the spirit of the contract, this provides a satis-
factory solution to many of the vexatious questions necessarily attendant
upon the wholesaling of flowers on a commission basis.

The increased demand for shrubbery and hardy herbaceous stock,
which was noted a year ago, still continues and is one of the most encour-
aging features in the business.

It is pleasant to be able to note that ths spirit of petty jealousy
which at one time existed among the florists of the State, and which seri-
ously impeded the progress of the business, has gradually given way to a

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 119

good-natured business rivalry and a disposition seems to exist among the
majority of the florists to work together harmoniously for whatever seems
to promise ultimate benefit to the trade in general.

Respectfully submitted,

J. A. Valentine, State Vice-President.

CONNECTICUT

As State Vice-President of Connecticut, I respectfully submit the
following report:

From personal observations made during the entire year and from
inquiries made amongst the commercial florists, both growers and dealers,
I am satisfied that the past year has been a record breaker in every branch
of the florist business throughout the State.

Last month I sent out about fifty letters to the principal growers and
dealers in the State, enclosing a question blank, the answering of which
would enable me to present a comprehensive report to the Society. The
circular letter called the attention of the craft to the aims and purposes of
our Society and the good work already accomplished in the past, and also
contained a cordial invitation to join the Society, for which purpose I
enclosed an application blank and a stamped addressed envelope. The
result was twelve answers and one application. The answers were all alike,
speaking in the highest terms of the prosperous year just passed and
encouragingly of the future, but notwithstanding all the acknowledged
prosperity, there was only one that was prosperous enough, or at least
considered himself so, to invest a five dollar bill for membership in our
national Society. From the number of answers received, I beg to give
in full the letter of the president of the Frank S. Piatt Co. of New Haven,
which reads as follows:

"Our fiscal year ends June 30th and the July ist inventory indicates a
most gratifying condition, showing that the year has developed largely
increased business in cut flowers, plants and seeds. Our wholesale depart-
ment ran thirty-two per cent, above that of the previous year, while the
retail end of it increased fully twenty per cent.

"Our principal product is roses and we were very successful through-
out the year, our houses cutting satisfactory crops. Carnations, roses
and violets head the list for general demand and consequently are the
foundation of the cut-flower trade, lilies ajid bulbous products forming an
important link with orchids, which were required for State occasions and
in the arrangement of artistic funeral designs.

"The demand has been steady and prices well maintained throughout.

120 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Stock clearing up well each day with occasional shortage which, however,
was easily provided for in other markets. The purchasing public have
learned at last that the carnation may have a value about twenty-five cents
per dozen and admit that long-stemmed, perfect blooms of the new varie-
ties are classed with roses in value, beauty and desirability.

"Our spring trade in plants was a fair average although coming so
late that the pansies and English daisies had but a short season. This was
more than recovered by sales of geraniums, coleuses, alternantheras,
ageratums, lobelias, and other bedding stock which would not develop
bloom fast enough for the orders. Prices were better throughout the
season than for many years and there were no job lots from outside
growers dumped upon the market to demoralize it.

"The past year has been an exceptionally good one for those prepared
to avail themselves of opportunities that oflfered and diametrically oppo-
site to those less fortunate. There are, we_ regret to say, so many half-
awake and half-prepared so-called florists who try to be independent and
run a business, who just about manage to keep body and soul together
and creditors guessing, that to write up the general situation would bring
the average down to simply keeping a few laps ahead of the sheriff,
although it should not be judged by the latter case, as many of the enter-
prising, pushing, aggressive establishments made more money the past
season than any recent year.

"The future may be viewed optimistically as the cultivation of the
taste for flowers and decorations has become universal and no one would
think of asking even the minister to dine without some floral adornment
of the table and parlors; none so rich as to ignore it and none so poor
that they do not desire and attain to some extent the coveted and indis-
pensable floral accompaniment."

The first part of this letter is a clear statement of the business condi-
tions in our part of the country and is in harmony with all the rest of the
communications received on the same subject. The second part invites a
few remarks from my point of view of our business, as an ornamental
horticulturist. Mr. Piatt well and truly states that the cultivation of the
taste for flowers and decorations has become universal. It most decidedly
has, and I am not only bold enough tojstate that the tendency of the
public in that direction is greatly due to the influence exercised on same
through the floral displays, decorations and cultivation in up-to-date public
parks and private grounds, but claim that but a small percentage of the
commercial florists of today, both growers and dealers, are ready and pre-
pared to take advantage of the demand stimulated and created through
same to their benefit. I do not say that the floral decorations in our
public parks and progressive private places around here are better than
elsewhere, but I know that our local commercial florists are not up to the
demand which those displays create amongst the public.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 121

Hundreds of visitors to our parks want to know where they can
procure that or the other plant, all easily grown and adapted to our
climate, and when they are given the addresses of our florists they come
back and say that those florists don't grow them and don't know them.

Out of two hundred different varieties of bedding plants used in the
making up of flower beds, borders, old-fashioned gardens, etc., in up-to-
date places of horticultural interest, florists are not able to supply, as a
rule, more than twenty to thirty varieties and those often only in stock of
olden times, run out through propagation from year to year, the same oW
story, over and over again.

If the local florists would aim to keep step with the times by growing
such novelties which are proven to be meritorious introductions and which
the public want, they would to their own advantage secure their home trade
in place of forcing same into the hands of unscrupulous, swindling, fake
drummers, that go around the country collecting good money for false,
worthless goods. The demand for ornamental plants for the decoration
of home grounds, for summer and the year around, is growing in the same
proportion as are all other industries in this glorious country. It calls
for the breaking and cultivating of thousands of acres of ground and the
employment of hundreds of industrious hands, and the young members
of our craft should look out to produce at home all that can be produced
to fill the demand of the home trade. It can be done and should be done.

Local and national horticultural organizations very materially help to
develop interest and advance knowledge and efiiciency, and for that good
reason I hope that the helpful tendencies of such organizations will be more
and more recognized, not only in our State but all over the country. At
the present age of combining interests of trade for the benefit of all those
that follow it, it will be well to consider that it is not so much what we get
individually out of anything that we may help to promote, but what we do
to raise and maintain the standard of our noble profession to the ultimate
and lasting benefit of us all.

Theodore Wirth, State Vice-President.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

As Vice-President for the District of Columbia, I herewith submit the
following report of the condition of the trade for the past year.

Trade in general was much better than when I made my report a
year ago.

There have been several new stores opened and the last of the branch
stores closed.

122

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The branch store business in Washington has been a very expensive
luxury to almost every retail florist who has tried it, and all have found out
that it is hard to manage two places. This may be a little advice to those
who contemplate opening branch stores.

The growers had a very profitable season, notwithstanding the extreme
cold winter we experienced, coal being cheaper than the past winter.

We have several new growers who made a specialty of growing carna-
tions and the stock they brought in showed up very well with the shipped
varieties.

So far they have had no loss from hail. We have had a great deal of
rain, but none have suffered from the heavy storms.

One of the most important things that has occurred in the District of
Columbia is the destruction of the tussock moth, by the use of a painters'
torch filled with gasolene. The idea originated with John W. Langsdale,
the Assistant Superintendent of Parkings.

A colonial garden was made at the White House, when the greenhouse
plant was removed to the Propagating Gardens, and placed under the di-
rection of Mr. Geo. H. Brown, landscape gardener.

At the Agricultural Department the Bureau of Plant Industry through
its agent, Mr. Cook, introduced from Guatamala an ant that has success-
fully counteracted the boll weevil 'which has been so detrimental to the
growth of the cotton plant in the United States.

Since my last report we have had several deaths among the craft. Mr.
Gauges, who was a member of the Society of American Florists and Or-
namental Horticulturists and who attended most of the meetings, will be
missed among his friends. He was employed at the Botanical Gardens.

Mr. Ley, who died about a month ago, was in the plant business and
was considered the best tropical grower in the District. He had just leased
another place when he happened to an accident. While standing on the
pipes, raising the ventilators, his foot slipped, breaking his rib, which caused
his death.

We have made many attempts at organizing a Florists' Club, and I
think we have succeeded at last. This year we will for the first time in
years send a full bowling team to the Convention, also the Club will ex-
tend an invitation to the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Hor-
ticulturists to be our guests in 1905.

Geo. C, Shaffer, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123

FLORIDA

There has been erected some glass the past year, more particularly in
the northern part of the State, and there is considerable development in
the cut flower line. The cultivation of bulbs and shrubbery in the open
ground is also increasing.

The planting of oranges, peaches and other fruits increases rapidly,
the conditions for some years having been favorable to the rapid develop-
ment of the orchards. Most of our nurserymen are largely increasing their
plantings, especially of citrus trees, much stock now being exported to the
West Indies, Mexico, South America and Africa.

Oranges and other citrus fruits worked on the Trifoliata stock are now
being- produced for ornamental use in pot culture.

W. J. Ellsworth, State Vice-President.

ILLINOIS— SOUTH

As State Vice-President for southern Illinois, it is with great pleasure
I report the trade in general this past year fully up to that of last year.
The plant trade was some better, from general reports in this section. In
the wholesale commission market there was some falling off which, I think,
is easy to account for since most all the large growers are selling direct
to the retailer; in fact it seems most growers are drifting that way fof
which, in rny opinion, no one is more to blame than the wholesaler himself
because of the careless way in which flowers are handled by them.

In these times of strong competition the retailer doing a first-class
business must have first-class stock, and unless he receives it in first-class
condition it is of little or no value to him. It is indeed a disappointment,
to have a hurry-up order and then receive stock in unfit condition to use
even though it is ever so well grown. I am a grower and speak from a
grower's standpoint, but I do just enough retailing to sometimes reap the
benefit of such conditions. I do not approve of the grower's selling direct
to' the retailer, as the wholesaler is our happy medium, and we both, grow-
er and retailer, need him and should strive to protect him, but flowers
should be handled as such and not like hay.

I would further report that the express service in this section is the
worst I have seen in my twenty years of business experience. This in-
cludes St. Louis, as this is our nearest and principal market.

There is some extensive building going on in and south of Peoria
in this State, which means more stock both in roses and carnations for
the St. Louis market the coming season.

124 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION •

We have had plenty of rains this season and carnation plants in the
field are looking fine and the general stock of out-door flowers are plentiful
and of very good quality.

While the area of glass in our State is second or third in size in the
Union, by far the larger part must be credited to our brethren in the north
part, so I hope that my colleague from that section will have a more ex-
tensive report than I could make.

In conclusion I wish to state while I live on the east side of the Fa-
ther of Waters I am closely connected with the brethren on the west (or
Missouri side) in whose city our coming convention is to be held, and being
a member of the St. Louis Florist Club I can say we have all worked hard
to make this meeting a success and can assure you that everything is in
readiness for the 1904 meeting of our grand old Society. So kindly lend us
a hand and let's make this the banner meeting. In return we can assure
you a good time in the World's Fair City.

J. F. Ammann, State Vice-President.

INDIANA

Apparently the past year has been one of prosperity to the trade in
Indiana. This is not so much shown by great additions as by a tendency
to improve and modernize the establishments.

While we have not heard of anybody doubling his area of glass, which
was frequently the case two or three years ago, the new glass erected the
past season aggregates several hundred thousand square feet. This in pro-
portion to the general progress of business in Indiana.

The trend of the florist business is apparently changing. Most re-
tail men are no longer growing a little of everything but depend more
and more on the specialists for the supply of their staple goods.

Indiana ranks high as a cut-flower State. Everybody has heard of
New Castle roses, and the E. G. Hill & Co. in their oflfort to produce
new forcing roses have been eminently successful, although Mr. Hill
says that he has not yet obtained his ideal, he has produced some very
valuable varieties.

Ever since Fred Dormer of Lafayette distributed some of the first
and most sensational carnation novelties, Indiana has been very fortunate
in hybridizing the carnation. Mrs. E. A. Nelson, Indianapolis and Moon-
light are the latest additions to the list. When it comes to the quality
of carnation plants, Richmond growers are fast acquiring a reputation.

Chrysanthemums — cut flowers as well as pot plants — are as popular as
ever, and the chrysanthemum show held in Indianapolis last fall, under

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 125

auspices of the Indiana Floral Festival and Chrysanthemum Association
was a great success.

Violets have greatly gained in favor of the flower-buying public, espe-
cially last season. Marie Louise is the most popular. Blooms of this vari-
ety grown in the vicinity of Indianapolis were among the best handled in
the Chicago market last season. According to a well-known Chicago
wholesale man they were equal to the celebrated Rhinebeck m flower and
superior in fragrance and stem.

Ornamental gardening is making great progress with us. Public
parks are no longer regarded as a luxury, but a necessity, especially for
large cities.

The influence of civic improvement associations and similar societies
urging the beautifying of home grounds is evident everywhere. This creates
a steadily increasing demand for all kinds of ornamental trees and shrubs.

H. JuNGE, State Vice-President.

IOWA

It is with pleasure that I am able to report an increase in nearly ev-
ery line of the florists' business for the State of Iowa. As near as I have
been able to learn from the reports sent me from the various parts of the
State, the northern part seems to have the largest increase, both in business
and in the amount of glass erected, in the past year. Some of our florists
in the northern part of the State report an increase of twenty to twenty-
five per cent, on cut flowers, and fifteen to twenty per cent, on plants other
than palms, which are going very slow. Taking it all, however, we have had
a very prosperous business in this State during the past year.

W. B. Perry, State Vice-President.

KANSAS

As Vice-President of Kansas, I report the trade in cut flowers as good
the past winter — the demand greater than the supply. Had to ship in
from other states. The cold, wet spring and summer has been bad for plant
trade. Last year the flood was local; this year it is general all over the
State, and everything is late. The farmers have suffered severely.

The decorating trade was good in plants. In cut flowers, carnations
were called for more than anything else.

There is some greenhouse building this year and I think there will be
more next year.

126 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

I have not been able to get many interested in the S. A. F. Hope to
see some at the Convention.

Respectfully submitted,

Ansel H. Whitcomb, State Vice-President.

KENTUCKY

I am pleased to submit the following report for the State of Ken-
tucky

Trade conditions have never been better than during the past year.
Everything has been in a prosperous state, and the florists' business has
not been an exception. From answers to a circular sent out the latter part
of June I learn that trade has been on the increase; some reporting a
twenty-five per cent, increase for the year. New glass is going up every-
where, and while no very large additions are being made there is enough to
exhibit a healthful business condition. I hope to see at St. Louis a largely
increased membership in the national Society from our State, and am sure
it will be so. Our people, along with all Southern people, are very con-
servative, but they know a good thing when they see it, and I have tried
to have them make their visit to St. Louis during the meeting of the S. A.
F., and have assured them that they would make their visit one of profit as
well as pleasure.

Yours truly,

S. M. Harbison, State Vice-President.

LOUISIANA

As Vice-President for Louisiana, I have the honor to present to your
honorable body this, my annual report as to the progress of Horticulture
in our State and principally in the city of New Orleans.

In the southern part of our country, where many plants grow to per-
fection out-of-doors and where roses and other flowers bloom almost the
entire year around, with perhaps a short intermission during mid-winter,
demand for plants has been as good as anywhere up north and therefore
it was not easy for the gardener to get overstocked.

As it has been for several years, the production of plants kept pace
with the demand, and good plants sold at high or rather fair prices. Soft-
wooded bedding stufif, the growing of which is principally in the hands of
the jobbing gardeners, was little asked for, and many of the wealthy people
who own fine places spend their summer months up north and care little
beyond keeping them clean and the lawns trimmed for their places until
they return.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127

There was a good demand for rosebushes from the open ground and
hardy, well-grown palms such as phoenix, washingtonias, sabals, Cocos aus-
tralis and chamerops, and some fine specimens sold at high prices. This is
an ideal climate for palms. Almost any variety can be grown out of doors
with slight protection against the hottest rays of the midday sun and many
will not need that protection at all. Phoenix, chamerops, washingtonias,
sabals, cocos and even latanias and arecas may be grown in full sun and at-
tain a fine healthy color which they would never have if grown indoors un-
der glass and shade. It would take two and three years of careful raising
under glass up North to get palms to that perfection as can be done here in
one year, and our plants are much hardier and stouter, and, above all, free
from insects and fungoid diseases.

Decorations for weddings and other occasions are quite a thing here
and for such purposes we have the very stock on hand; well-grown palms
of all descriptions, Ficus elastica, nitida and australis, Alpina nutans and
ferns, such as nephrolepis in varieties, polypodiums and adiantums, all out-
of-doors grown stufif and hardy enough to stand almost any hardship.

A good deal of interest has been taken in the culture of chrysanthe-
mums and some of the best varieties were grown to as good perfection here
as anywhere up north and proved a well-paying crop to those that ventured
in that undertaking.

Landscape gardening is not much of a profession here. Private places
with few exceptions are not large. If a new place is to be laid out, the ar-
chitect does the planning, the grade is given by the paver and all that is
left for the gardener to do it to fill to grade, plant the lawn, cut his beds and
plant them with such as the owner of the place designs. No chance for the
landscaper to show his ability. This branch of the profession is mostly
in the hands of the jobbers and competition is so large that there is barely
a living in it.

The cut-flower trade has been pretty good during winter and early
spring, but few home-grown flowers were sold by our florists as the demand
has been principally for northern roses, carnations, valleys and other stufif
and with right, as our out-of-door grown roses can never be brought to
the same perfection as those grown under glass, and at the present time
we have no one in the trade that makes a specialty of growing any under
glass although the demand is large enough to induce the growing here.

The general idea has been that it could not be done profitably here,
but when we consider that our climate is much more favorable, that our
outlay for fuel, etc., is less than up North as our winters are shorter and
less severe, and that thousands of dollars find their way into the pockets
of our northern brethren which would remain at home to make a venture
remunerative which was before deemed impossible, I think it could be made
a paying success.

Vegetable growing for shipment to northern and western markets has

128 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

become quite an industry in lower Louisiana, and nowhere in this country
are finer cucumbers and cauliflowers grown as here in our State.

The lower coast of Louisiana, the gulf coast and adjacent islands, like
Grand Island, CheniereCaminada and part of the Chandelier Islands produce
fine early vegetables and especially cucumbers, squashes and eggplants in
such large quantities as to supply almost the entire demand of the north and
west. In the early part of May, in two weeks' time, 37,000 barrels of cu-
cumbers were shipped out of New Orleans, all grown along the New
Orleans Grand Isle and Gulf Railroad.

Grand Island and the section along Barrataria Bay produces the finest
cauliflower in the United States. The varieties are: Algerian, Half Early,
Paris or Non Parail, Early Erfurt and Snowball. Cucumber forcing under
glass in New Orleans is quite an item, and I think no part of our country
is better adapted for such an undertaking than our section. Few are grown
in frames with horse manure in the bottom to give the necessary tempera-
ture, but the best are raised in special built houses heated by hot water and
prove to be a well-paying crop. There is an immense demand for Louisi-
ana hot-house cucumbers during the months of January, February and
March, and prices are better than can be realized for any other crop or
truck.

During the early part of May, New Orleans and surroundings suffered
greatly from a severe hail storm, which did a great damage to growing
crops. A great deal of glass was destroyed and the horticulturists were all
more or less sufiferers.

Since the last twenty years, horticulture in Louisiana has made great
progress, as may be seen by comparing the area of. glass in use at the
present time to what it has been twenty years ago, and the number of men
that follow this profession for a living Where the business had formerly
been in the hands of but half a dozen, there are at present more than ten
times that amount interested in horticulture and not like before, men that
squat on the old sod, but live, enterprising men, bound to succeed in their
undertaking.

Horticulture has certainly a future in Louisiana, but it is left to the
horticulturist to select that branch which pays the best, and I am sure that
the right man with the necessary push will not exactly strike a gold mine,
but will make our profession a paying success in New Orleans.

Harry Papworth, State Vice-President.

■^ MAINE

Again it becomes my privilege to report the condition and prospects
of our trade in Maine. The year has been a good one on the whole,
though, as ever, there have been some drawbacks. Last winter was a

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129

record-breaker for continuous and extreme cold weather in our State
which is somewhat noted for the frigidity of its winters. The amount of
coal we had to use grew alarming. As late as March it seemed as if the
cold weather would never let up. Then during the three so-called winter
months we had very little clear sunshine. Much of the time the dear
flowers simply would not open satisfactorily. In general, trade was good,
but it was difficult to get good flowers enough to meet the demand.

But every tide turns sometime. So with the bright, warm days
of later Spring, the beautiful weather and fine trade of Memorial season,
the hustle of the seedling and bedding plant trade, the June weddings,
and the Commencement wants of the sweet girl graduate, our hearts were
made glad, and when good old summer time arrived coal and other bills
were paid and forgotten and a snug sum, more or less, was left over for a
nest-egg, or to be put into repairs or permanent improvements. So we
thought the florist's business was not so bad after all. This, I think,
would fairly describe the condition and feelings of the average Maine
florist. We were able to hold our prices up to a better-paying standard
than ever before, and so the result in the end has been very satisfactory.

The amount of building is not as large as usual this season. Last
year Moses at Bar Harbor, Sekenger at Bangor, the Kennebec Nurseries
at Bath, Mitchell & Son at Waterville, and some others, built quite ex-
tensively. Buckley & Preble at Bucksport had quite a disastrous fire in
May which destroyed two carnation houses and practically ruined a rose
house, the fire starting from a temporary heating apparatus, according to
newspaper reports. A letter of inquiry for particulars and prospects in
regard to rebuilding failed to elicit a reply. The public press gave the
amount of the loss on buildings and stock as $8,000.

The Maine florists are not getting rich, but they are making some
gains and are keeping well abreast of the demand for their goods in the
State. A stronger feeling of union and co-operation among themselves
and a larger membership in this society would be both pleasant and bene-
ficial.

Respectfully submitted,

H. R. Mitchell, State Vice-President.

MASSACHUSETTS— WEST

As your State Vice-President I take great pleasure in submitting
to you the following report.

The outlook for the cut-flower trade is not quite as good in the west-
ern part of the State, as nearly all of the summer residents have their own
greenhouses, but in the entire State there is a slight increase.

130 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The novel business which originated here in the beautiful Berk-
shire Hills in western Massachusetts, of furnishing florists' hardy supplies
consisting of hardy cut ferns, mosses, bouquet green, Christmas trees,
baled spruce, etc., etc., has steadily increased for the last twenty-five years
until Hinsdale is known as the center for that line of goods, which are
gathered from all the towns in the western part of the State, also from
Vermont and New York, there being several hundred people employed
in this line of industry, the goods being shipped to nearly every city in the
country. There are six wholesale dealers, besides many that are in it on a
small scale. The business had become so extensive that certain parties
thought it best to have the Legislature pass a law prohibiting the gathering
of everything unless a permit was obtained or the land was leased for that
purpose. The law now stands that whoever wilfully cuts down or destroys
any trees or carries ofif anything lying on the ground, or any turf or
mould, or roots or plants of any kind, or cuts or takes therefrom any
ferns, flowers or shrubs growing on land in which he has no interest or
property, without the license of the owner thereof, shall be punished by
imprisonment for not more than six months or by a fine of not more
than five hundred dollars. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the State
Board of Agriculture to have copies of said extracts printed on durable
material suitable to be affixed to trees or otherwise to be posted in the
open air and to furnish the same without charge to any reputable persons
as in his opinion will prevent depredations on farm and forest lands.

L. B. Brague, State Vice-President.

MICHIGAN— SOUTH

As State Vice-President, I herewith submit my report for the year
past.

From reports I find the business has increased about twenty-five per
cent, and very bright prospects ahead. The long and unusually severe win-
ter took away a large percentage of profits, but still the average evened
up favorably with former years.

I should' judge the increase in building will not be over half what it
was last year, more attention being paid toward improving the quality of
stock grown, notably so in cut-flowers, as the public demands a better
article than what was formerly produced.

Carnation growing has increased to a very large degree and I think
when the advantages of our climate are known this branch will receive
more attention. .Complaints have been made from our florists in regard
to express charges and in my own investigations I find they are in the main
correct, the special rate not being given and in many cases denied, but

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131

if the trade in general would have a printed notice on every package
shipped that came under this class, calling attention to this clause it would
save many a heated argument.

I do not look for a large attendance from this State as I am sorry to
say our florists are not fully aware of the benefits accruing from a mem-
bership in our corporation, but hope that persistent hammering will awaken
them to a sense of duty.

Respectfully,

W. C. Cook, State Vice-President.

MICHIGAN— NORTH

It is with pleasure that I can report on the very favorable season
just past; previous years have been good, the one just past was a record-
breaker, more plants and cut-flowers being disposed of than ever before.
At special occasions, such as Christmas, Easter or Decoration Day, the
supply of flowers, though forty per cent, greater than on any previous
year, was totally inadequate to supply the phenomenal demand. So great
was the demand at Memorial Day that orders received by the growers
the last three days previous, were taken with this reservation: "Flowers
scarce, will do the best we can." This condition was general throughout
the State. It seemed that every little village round the country side had
suddenly gone wild for flowers.

Flowering plants of all kinds were in great demand, which was far in
excess of the supply. The plant most in demand was S. A. Nutt gera-
nium, and while two-thirds of all the geraniums grown are S. A. Nutts,
the supply was speedily exhausted. Salvia came next to S. A. Nutt in
popularity and extent of sales. Bedding is largely on the increase and
house baskets and porch boxes remain as popular as ever.

In cut-flowers the carnation was the flower called for and while
quality was demanded there were thousands of carnations sent out that at
any other time would have been consigned to the dump. This simply
goes to show the eagerness of the public to buy, even if quality is not
up to grade. This however, is only when demand exceeds the supply;
at other times the buyers demand the best grades only; nothing else
will do, and in this connection it is well to remark that the tendency is
to be willing to pay the best price for quality rather than cheapness. It
pays to grow best grade goods always.

In consequence of this increased demand for plants and cut-flowers
beyond the present glass capacity of the growers (retailers as well) large
additions are being made to the old places and many new ones going

132 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

up. To this can be added the number of old plants that are being torn
down and rebuilt along modern lines. All attest the healthy, prosperous
condition of the trade in Michigan.

Large quantities of roses are grown, with the demand for American
Beauties steadily on the increase. They are largely grown in Detroit,
Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo, and of excellent quality. Michigan is
noted for its violets, particularly in the Grand Rapids district where it
is made a specialty of by many firms, and the Grand Rapids violets
are known all over the country. The past season was not a very favorable
one on account of extreme low prices, yet they are being more extensively
planted this year than ever.

The past season has been a severe one; the extreme cold weather
made coal bills unusually large, causing many old boilers to give out under
the extra severe strain of hard firing. Floods destroyed the crops of
many firms whose places were on low grounds, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids,
Saginaw, Lansing and many other lesser cities being sufiferers. Hail at
Saginaw destroyed every pane of glass on the West side; but in spite
of all these drawbacks, one and all, without a murmur, rebuild and go
ahead with that nerve and enterprise so characteristic of a florist — no
disaster however bad can daunt him.

The carnation is the principal field crop. Dry weather held them
back considerably, but recent copious rains insures fine, healthy plants
for early benching; in fact at this date about half the crop are planted.

Asters in some localities do well, in other places they are badly stung
or afifected with rust or insects, which makes their cultivation very dis-
couraging.

Reports from Detroit and vicinity indicate that not as many flowers
were sold as in the previous year, while cost of production was greater,
making profits less. American Beauty leads in roses, while it. is declared
La Detroit promises to be the pink rose for many a moon to come,
particularly when its value is generally recognized by the trade.

Blooming plants for bedding are on the increase, but very little
building is going on; grave fears are being entertained that over produc-
tion will soon be so far ahead of consumption as to be a serious menace
to the continuous prosperity of the trade. Would it not be well to stop
building for a year to catch up, and bend all our energies to make the
existing plants produce all they are capable of? Would we not have
stock enough to go around?

A summing up of all reports shows an increase of from twenty-five
to thirty per cent, in business over the previous year. Is this not justi-
fication enough to increase our capacity?

Geo. F. Crabb, State Vice-President,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133

MINNESOTA

As Vice-President for the State of Minnesota I have the pleasure of
submitting to you the following report:

In general, trade throughout the State has been somewhat better than
during the previous year, prices averaging about the same. During the
early months of fall business was rather quiet, but with the advent of colder
weather there came a brisk demand for all lines of flowers, especially so in
the cut-flower line; the call for chrysanthemums was far ahead of that of a
year ago. Christmas trade was very good, and there was a scarcity of
flowers in most all lines. From Christmas on, trade seemed to hold its
own, even keeping up well through Lent. The only oversupply seemed to
be in bulbous stock, which seemed to be far in excess of the demand. The
plant trade was far better than for many years and the prices realized were
better. The cut-flower trade has held up well during the summer months,
and the outdoor flowers seem to be doing better than in previous years.

The greatest drawback to the growers has been the high price of coal
and the severe winter we have had to contend with. While a few small
buildings are being erected, there are the usual amount of repairs, but there
is very little building of any importance going on.

Landscape operations and improvements are going on quite exten-
sively throughout the State and on a whole the florist business is on an
increase in this State and in a healthy and sound condition.

Otto A. Will, State Vice-President.

MISSOURI— EAST

As Vice-President for the Eastern District of Missouri, I have the
honor herewith to submit a yearly report of the principal features of the
department of Floriculture to date as found by me, and from various
reports received from different sections of the State.

1. Our growers report a very successful year, receiving a good and
paying price for their products. Kirkwood growers report especially a
good season on violets and carnations, which are their hobbies. Other
growers in the northern and southern part of the State report all very
good.

2. Our wholesalers report a large increase in shipments of cut flowers
all over the northern and western States during the season when cut flowors
are grown indoors (or in greenhouses).

3. Retailers of our city of St. Louis report a very good business all

134 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

on account of our World's Fair, where a large demand on cut flowers and
plants is daily drawn. I would like to write some about our World's Fair,
but it would take volumes, so I think every member of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists will come to our Con-
vention and take in the great World's Fair. We (I am talking for our
Florists' Club) will take care of them all.

Yours truly,

Chas. a. Juengel, State Vice-President.

MISSOURI— WEST

As State Vice-President, I herewith submit my report of trade condi-
tions as found by reports from various members of the trade in western
Missouri.

The past year has been the most successful in the history of the busi-
ness, all lines showing an increase of from twenty to twenty-five per cent.,
which goes to show that our part of the State is sharing in the general
prosperity of the country.

Continued wet weather delayed spring planting, and serious floods
interrupted train service and interfered with shipping to some extent, but
the damage was not so great as that of last season and^ despite the late
season, the plant men report stocks well sold out.

Many losses from hail during the year; an especially widespread storm
in April in south-west Missouri, the florists of Springfield sustaining
nearly a total loss and ranges in Carthage. Joplin, Webb City and other
towns in that locality were badly damaged. Very little insurance was
carried. A few dollars invested in premiums on a policy in the F. H. A. is
the only guard against such losses; and in view of the complete protection
afforded at such small cost it is surprising that anyone would be willing
to assume such risks.

High prices and limited supplies of cut flowers at Easter and the
holidays have materially increased the demand for blooming plants at these
times, even beyond the supply.

The best indication of a healthy condition of business is the fact that
nearly all growers are adding glass to their ranges.

Many complaints are heard from those who purchased carnation
cuttings of the new varieties disseminated by several growers last season,
as cuttings costing $10.00 or $12.00 per hundred arrived in many cases
entirely worthless, being either small, weakly or poorly rooted or diseased.
Such outrageous prices should obtain good stock and the class of goods

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135

sent out in many cases has a tendency to discourage the average florist
from repeating his orders.

The parks and boulevards of Kansas City are being extended and
improved and Mr. Kessler deserves much credit for his work; when his
plans shall have been completed Kansas City will have a system of parks
and drives of which any city might be proud.

The general feeling of the craft regarding the prospects for the coming
year can best be summed up in the words of one of our correspondents,
who says, "This has been our banner season, and with Roosevelt for Presi-
dent and Folk for Governor, I predict even greater prosperity for the
coming year."

Geo. M. Kellogg, State Vice-President.

NEBRASKA

I take pleasure in submitting the following report from Nebraska:
July the sixteenth I sent out a letter to each florist in the State asking
questions for information. I received answers from the majority, stating
an increase of fifteen to twenty-five per cent, in business over previous
year; all doing well and pleased with the results of their efforts bringing
forth from the soil Nature's most beautiful products.

The holidays — Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter and Decoration Day
— are always harvest days during the year, as well as many other days.
Good flowers are always in demand, with the roses and carnations in the
lead; chrysanthemums in the fall as well as sweet peas in the spring, with
an increased demand for violets.

The area of glass has been materially increased since my last report,
and existing structure kept in good repair.

There has been very little damage done by hail, wind or water. We
had a very favorable winter, but a somewhat late spring which made plants
sell at a rush when warm weather came.

Outdoor flowers are in the very best condition. Carnations are ex-
ceedingly fine and the outlook is good for a large crop in the fall.

There have been no deaths among the florists, although we have the
loss of one of the old-time florists; W. J. Hesser has given up the florist's
business in Nebraska and is now located in California, "The land of the
flowers."

I regret that the florists of our State have not taken the interest in
the S. A. F. that they ought to have done, at least for their own good, but
I can say that they have a great feeling and respect for the Society and its
welfare. They can never forget the pleasant visit the Society made them a
few years ago in coming to Omaha with its meeting.

136 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Our State is new. The third of this month we celebrated the cen-
tennial of the first white man's landing on our soil, Lewis and Clark, "Only
one hundred years ago." The State has since made progress beyond the
apprehension of any person then. We have large, fertile fields to cultivate
— acres of the finest soil in the country. Our time has been taken up with
work. "Work before pleasure." Some day we hope to be a hundred strong
in the noble work of the S. A. F.

Our Florist Society has been prospering and doing a great deal of
good in sociability and good-fellowship.

And in behalf of our State I bring to you a cordial greeting for a good
time at the Convention at St. Louis.

Lewis Henderson, State Vice-President.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

I

It gives me pleasure to report a steadily increasing amount of business
among the florists of the Granite State during the past year. A large pro-
portion of the growing in this State has until recently been done by the
retailer; though we are now witnessing a very marked increase in the
amount of glass devoted to wholesale growing. This is especially true in
the southern portion of the State, Manchester, Dover and Nashua contrib-
uting materially.

In Nashua a large vegetable grower is this year devoting his entire
place to the growing of pinks and chrysanthemums. This gentleman is
planting his stufif in the ground, doing away with benches entirely. This is
a departure in New Hampshire which will be watched with much interest
by the growers.

Each year witnesses a larger demand for flowering plants for the holi-
day seasons. For funeral work more bunches are used, demanding a better
quality of flowers, which is being met by the growers of our State, Nashua
sending some of the finest carnations which were to be found in the Boston
markets last year.

Bedding stuff has been in greater demand than heretofore, which is
also true of hardy blooming and ornamental stock.

Carnations and violets did exceedingly well in the field, although at
the time of writing (Aug. i) most of the carnations have been housed by
the larger growers.

The State college has erected a very convenient range of glass during
the past year, which will be used principally for experimental purposes.
This will come to be appreciated by the growers of the State because of the

^ SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137

opportunity which will be afforded to study the diseases of our greenhouse
plants and the best methods of treating the same.

I am sorry to report an apparent lack of interest in the National
Society, though our florists appreciate the benefit which the Society has
been to the craft.

E. R. Shaw, State Vice-President.

NEW JERSEY

The standing of New Jersey as a horticultural State is interesting, and
might be regarded as rather remarkable but for the fact that its develop-
ment is largely due to the stimulus given by its proximity to the great
markets of the metropolitan district.

The favoring climate, the variety of soils and the more or less undula-
tory surface of the northern portion has furnished the possibilities of high
development in all lines of horticulture, commercial and ornamental.

These possibilities have not altogether been neglected, and the pros-
pect for the future is excellent. My remarks on these lines in my report
of last year bear sufificiently on this subject, and I turn to the business of
growing cut flowers and plants under glass, in which capital and skill have
brought interesting results. The high standing of New Jersey in this
respect cannot fail to excite the admiration of all. In the number of
square feet of glass surface, New Jersey stands but fifth in the Union,
exceeded only by New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Ohio. In the value
of green-house structures it stands fourth, giving place to the Empire State,
the Keystone State and to Massachusetts. In proportion to its size, popu-
lation and wealth it easily takes first rank among the States in commercial
floriculture.

Here the growing of roses in large quantities for cut flowers was
developed from an early small beginning, and the lead has been steadily
maintained until the present time. Taking Chatham in Morris County as a
centre, within a radius of four miles we find the principal home of the in-
dustry, including Madison in the same county, and Summit and Murray
Hill in the adjoining county of Union. For leaders — "Captains of Indus-
try"— we have at Summit, John N. May, one of our ex-presidents, a pioneer
in rose growing; at Madison, the Noes, L. M. and L. A.; at Murray Hill,
L. B. Coddington. All men of push, who have made the business emi-
nently successful. And within the region mentioned a host of lesser
lights. About fifty growers about Madison tell the story of a locality
small in area but great in the production of the Queen of Flowers. Men-
tion may be made of the extensive rose-growing establishment of Ernst
G. Asmus & Son of West Hoboken, one of the largest in the State.

138 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

A fair amount of carnations of good quality is produced in the State.
The soil is well adapted to their growth, as soil can be found suited to the
needs of any variety with little difificulty.

Violets are no longer grown here for market owing to the diseases
which have overtaken them.

The well-known exotic nurseries of Julius Roehrs at Rutherford,
Henry A. Dreer corporation at Riverton, E. C. McFadden at Summit and
Short Hills, F. H. Dressel at Weehawken, are extensive plant factories
whose existence enables the florists of neighboring cities to supply the
demands of their most fastidious customers. Nor should be forgotten the
ever popular establishment of Peter Henderson & Co. in Jersey City — the
scene of the activities of the late lamented Mr. Peter Henderson, whose
influence as an inspirer of the horticulturally inclined stands unequaled.

The past year has not come up to the average in profit to the grower.
The long, cold winter considerably increased the cost and decreased the
amount of production. Added to this a financial stringency and bad
weather combined to decrease the demand for flowers during the winter.
In consequence flowers at no time ruled high in price. A fair market,
however, was found for all well-grown flowers. Trade was good in the
spring, and served to raise the spirits of many in the business.

Owing to the unfavorable summer of a year ago, the supply of good
carnation plants was not sufficient to fill the houses of all the growers. In
consequence extra expense and considerable loss of plants obtained at a
distance was the experience of several. This with the hig'h price of coal
and protracted unfavorable weather was more productive of discourage-
ment than dollars. We hear of some going out of business and of fewer
"butting in" in consequence of these conditions.

Horticultural builders are not experiencing altogether a jolly time at
present because of the plethoric pocketbooks of the growers. Economy
with discretion has become the watchword of growers; and a period of con-
servative action on their part seems to have arrived. The fellow who brags
of the big pile he has made has not shown up this season. But as some of
the causes which have brought a feeling of depression to florists, particu-
larly the growers, are not likely to prevail another year, a looking forward
for a better year coming is general.

Ornamental horticulture receives more and more attention from year
to year. Outside ornamentation is continually on the increase and a steady
demand for requisite materials is made on the nurseryman and florist. The
prospect is brig'ht for a healthy development among our people along this
line, and great advancement in the embellishment of the home and its
surroundings throughout our State is slowly but surely becoming the order
of the day.

W. B. DuRiE, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139

NEW YORK— EAST

In accepting the position of Vice-President of Eastern New York, it
struck me that about the only thing to be done was to try to infuse among
the florists of that great region an interest in this Society of American
Florists. Accordingly, with that end in view, I have mailed at various times
a neatly printed pamphlet containing some practical essay delivered by a
member of the Society thus calling their personal attention to the Society
of American Florists. And in making up this report I have addressed a
number of persons of repute in the flower-growing districts of my territory
to whose responses I am largely indebted for the substance of the account.

The past winter of i903-'o4 was one of unusual steady severity. This
caused a consumption of fuel to such an amount as to take almost all the
profits of many a grower.

New York City is the great market of the nation, and the state of the
market is the prime requisite upon which hangs financial success or failure.
The fall trade was slow. Chrysanthemums did not bring the price that had
been expected, and Christmas in the cut-flower line was, to many, a disap-
pointment; but the Easter trade came at last and went beyond all expecta-
tion, the demand nearly equaling the supply. In general, however, the
spring sales went behind those of the previous season, the prices were not
realized, and consequently there was a disappointment for grower, whole-
saler and retailer alike.

The best sellers were carnations, with American Beauties a close
second, and tea roses selling fairly well. As to violets, Dutchess County
has had a violent fever this last year, and from one section of that county
north of Poughkeepsie some forty new shippers have begun to send in
supplies. New York is a big town, the market is elastic, and it seems
always able to clear up everything that comes at some price, even if not at
a profit. But growers not on the spot do not realize the difficulty of sta-
bilitj- in price for so perishable an article as flowers. Nevertheless, this is
a risk of the trade and has to be taken.

The home trade is said to be the best trade and the smaller cities are
each developing more and more of a home market. For instance, in
Elmira there has been a gradual increase in demand for -both cut flowers
and plants. The old establishments are wisely not adding much to their
glass, though the new United States Cut Flower Co. has just finished 70,000
feet of glass with iron frames, for wholesale shipping of roses and carna-
tions. This company is composed of solid and conservative men with
means. One new flower store has been opened here.

In the Capitol district, Albany and vicinity, trade has been good. The
growers are in several instances remodeling or extending their houses and

140 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

keeping things in good shape and condition. But the one dark outlook is
the constantly increasing expense for labor and material; and on this point
there is a serious problem to be faced. While on this point, let me raise a
question for the consideration of the Convention or the Executive Com-
mittee and that is, cannot some practical steps be taken to secure a reduc-
tion on florists' imports?

On Long Island there is a common expression of satisfaction, though
the past two winters have been severe on the fuel account; one for the
reason of scarcity, the other for steadiness of cold weather and prices
realized were by no means high.

Very little is being done in building in the metropolitan district; real
estate is too valuable, prices for Dutch bulb stock are too low, and carna-
tions have been more or less dropped and do better farther away where
land is cheaper and the air is purer for growing blooms.

In the central Hudson Valley, with Poughkeepsie as a centre, a good
many violet growers are disappointed with market conditions as they were
last winter, but are trying again; others have dropped violets and will try
carnations. The retail trade is fairly good. On the Sound the conditions
affecting the New York market are always sharply felt and here there is a
slight falling off in both business and prices from former years. High coal
and extreme weather will prevent many hereabout from making improve-
ments, and they will be satisfied with keeping their places up in first-class
order; and therein is wisdom. At Tarrytown, Yonkers and Ossining no
one seems to complain much but all go on easily as people well-content
with their business on conservative lines.

At Schenectady, Saratoga, Amsterdam, Utica, Watertown and
Ogdensburg the growers are a thrifty folk and all felt the expense of coal
bills; but the people of New York State are more and more appreciating
the beauty of the door yard and the pretty custom of sending a bouquet of
flowers to friends either in joy or afifliction, and the custom doestwo things,
it helps the florists and makes people happy.

Benjamin Hammond, State Vice-President.

NEW YORK— WEST

With the greatest pleasure I again submit my report as Vice-President
for Western New York.

Judging from reports received from the various cities and towns in
the territory over which it is my duty to preside, there is every reason to
say that business in the past year was good.

In cut flowers prices ranged higher than ever before — in this section
little stock went to waste — often a decided scarcity was felt and much more

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141

could have been disposed of could it have been obtained. We can easily
stand a little more glass. While in former years Western New York drew
its supply from New York City, Boston, Philadelphia and surrounding
towns, these big centres now seem to consume all they can attract from
their surroundings themselves, and we are obliged to go West from here;
but flowers shipped from a longer distance are never so good as those
brought to town by wagon or an hour or two in the train. Western New
York at present appears to me to be very attractive for the man who wants
to invest in glass, especially if his capital is limited. There are many nice
little towns which by themselves can afford to support good-sized estab-
lishments, while any surplus can always be turned over to the stores or
commission men in the next big city. Of transportation facilities there is
no lack; steam, electric and good wagon, or better say automobile roads
lead from the larger cities to every hamlet and postoffice station.

With plants it is almost the same as with flowers. Christmas, Easter
and spring planting time cleaned up everything that was good and no doubt
more could have been taken off in many instances.

The remarks about more greenhouses in Western New York are not
so much meant for the already large establishments, but I rather believe
that many a smaller man or better say, many men with small places, can
safely increase their glass area. There is little fear, I believe, that our busi-
ness will ever be encroached upon by trusts or combinations. The small
man has, and I think always will have, as good a chance to exist as the big
fellow, as long as he produces good stuff. With the approach of a com-
bined effort to demand uniform wages there will be 'very little difference in
the relative cost of running greenhouses whether these be large or small.

Again, we all know it requires brains rather than money to success-
fully conduct a greenhouse establishment, and as long as a man has the
former he has a show, and just now I think Western New York is as good
a field as any in the United States.

Most respectfully,

C. H. Keitsch, State Vice-President.

NORTH CAROLINA

The high price of cotton the past year has brought prosperity to our
farming people, but, strange as it may seem, has had a bad effect on the
local florist that expected to sell plants in the mill towns, as the high price
of cotton has had the effect of running most of the factories on half time.
That meant short cash and no luxuries for the people. But on the whole,
the year's work has been satisfactory and a few report increase in trade.

142 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

A falling oflf in call for roses and increased demand for carnations and
violets.

Palms and ferns still lead, and in good demand. "Men learn to build
grandly before they learn to garden finely." Our people are beginning to
build finer houses, and the gardener's art is being m^ore called for, but we
are dealing with a new generation that needs careful handling to keep them
from committing foolishness in the improvement of their grounds. And,
unfortunately, the modern fiorist seems little better able to give advice on
the improvement of home grounds than the modern clerk in a dry-goods
store.

The outlook for the bulb crop is very good, as to quality — the quantity
will hardly meet the demand.

This writer has to report a steady increase in the demand for native
bog-plants for export.

James M. Lamb, State Yice-President.

OHIO— WEST

While afiflicted with the general complaint — a continued cold and
cloudy winter, which curtailed our output and increased our expenses, I
have the pleasure to report for this State, from the Ohio river to Lake Erie
and from the centre of the State to its western limits, an exceptional era of
prosperity in the season^ just closed.

The 'demand for bedding stock has especially shown a marked increase
over former years, due, I think, to the education of the working and the
middle classes in the matter of home adornment and civic pride. I feel that
certain credit should be given for the increased demand in plants and
shrubs to the education of the children and, also, of great numbers of
indififerent adults to appreciate the beauties of the floral kingdom through
the expression of sentiments fostered and disseminated by that remarkable
and patriotic institution, "The Carnation League of America," reared in
honor of a clean, upright and sentimental manhood, and which appropri-
ately chose as the emblem of that sentiment President McKinley's favorite
flower which was worn by over three millions of its members on January
29th, 1904. The large firms of Springfield, Ohio, the centre of the cata-
logue business of the United States, have reported the largest demand in
their history, with carnations standing at the head of the list in increased
demand.

Cut flowers have been quite a factor in the year's business, greater
quantities than ever being consumed, especially in funeral work, caused by
local typhoid epidemics in several of the larger cities in this part of the
State.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143

Our growing season has been ideal in this section; all stock, but espe-
cially carnations, being in prime condition.

There has been a goodly per cent, of glass added to the large area of
glass in our State, and a large amount of old glass replaced by up-to-date
ranges.

In closing, I wish to point with pride to the general well-kept appear-
ance of the residence sections of the cities and the villages in general in
this State; lawns well kept, artistic porch boxes and vases, attractive flower-
beds and groups of shrubbery and, as a rule, the last two items so arranged
as to give an artistic efifect to the whole, thereby showing the efifects of
education in the art of landscape gardening both by precept and example.

Too much stress cannot be put upon the importance of education in
this line for only in this way can we hope not only to retain our present
status, but our future prosperity depends upon the demand for our products.

H. M. Altick, State Vice-President.

PENNSYLVANIA- WEST

Western Pennsylvania has made the following advancements in the
past year.

The Pittsburg Rose and Carnation Co., of Bakerslown, Pa., have
added four new houses to their collection — two iron frame houses, 450 by 50
feet, and also two sash frame with iron gutters.

Mr. C. L. Spahr, of Tarentum, has embarked in the greenhouse busi-
ness and reports business good.

A. T. Larch & Co., of De Haven, started in the greenhouse business
last fall.

J. L. Wyland, of De Haven, has added one more large greenhouse.

The Pittsburg Florist Exchange opened a wholesale store last fall in
Pittsburg and report business good.

Geddis & Blind Bros, opened a retail store on Fifth Street, Pittsburg,
last fall.

E. C. Ludwig will open store in Allegheny in the near future.

As to general business, cut flowers for Christmas, the supply was equal
to the demand. Holly was plentiful and extra good while boxwood
branches wtre scarce, being sold at fifteen cents per pound wholesale and
was profitable for the retailers to buy, as boxwood wreaths, etc., sold very
rapidly and at good prices.

Easter was good in cut flowers, but the season was too cold for
plantsmen.

Flowering plants were much in demand and brought good prices for
Decoration Day.

GusTAV Ludwig, State Vice-President.

144 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

RHODE ISLAND

The past year has been one of progress and success from a business
point of view, judging from the reports of the florists in the different parts
of the State.

A large range of houses have been built by The J. A, Budlong Sons
Co., at Auburn, of 90,000 feet of glass. Several other small houses have
been built containing about 20,000 feet of glass.

The Florist and Gardener Club of Rhode Island, which was organized
some six years ago, has continued to hold its monthly meetings through the
year, with a good membership. These meetings have been a source of
interest and profit to those who have attended them and speak well for the
activity and interest of its members.

In the holiday and Easter trade the growers report a good volume of
trade but low prices. The sales of cut flowers from bulbs were poor all
through the season. Among the retailers about fifty per cent, report the
trade this year about the same as last, while the rest report it better, one
claiming one-third increase over last year. The sale of potted plants at
these times still continues to increase.

The call for hardy plants and shrubs which has been steadily increas-
ing for some time has been felt in the spring bedding plant trade this
spring, although some of the growers report everything in this line sold out.
There is a very perceptible falling off in the bedding-out of the usual plants
that have been so extensively grown for the past few years and an increase
in the use of nasturtiums and other annuals.

The custom of putting carnation plants into the house earlier in the
fall has been increasing until they now plant them in the house in the
spring instead of out-doors. This custom is very generally practiced with
us here and is the most notable change I have observed in the growing of
carnations for winter blooms. One large grower makes it a practice to
set out his carnation plants in the field in the latter part of May as early
as he can, and sometimes from the first to the middle of June he sets them
in the houses. If the success that he attains in the quantity and quality of
his blooms is due wholly or in part to this manner of handling, it certainly
is worthy of our imitation.

Robert W. Greene, State Vice-President.

SOUTH CAROLINA

The florists' business in this State is still in its infancy but, judging
from the increasing demands for cut flowers from all sections of the State,
it is plain that it is no longer an experiment.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145

I have reports of greenhouses being built and enlarged in a number
of our smaller towns. Crops are good all over the State, notwithstanding
our extreme dry weather. The cut-flower season was longer than ever
before on account of continued cool weather. ^

Very respectfully,

Martin Stork, State Vice-President.

VIRGINIA

During the past season business has been good in this State. Beauties,
carnations and violets head the list of cut flowers. Palm stock is not mov-
ing as well as former years. Azaleas, except at Christmas and Easter, are
not wanted. Lilies when good are still profitable to handle and there is a
steady demand for good Boston and Piersoni ferns. Paper white narcissus
is grown in preference to the high-price Romans for funeral work, and
there is a fair demand for yellow jonquils and tulips. Dutch hyacinths are
not much called for except at Easter. In all lines of bedding stuff the
growers have cleaned out all on hand, but there could be improvement in
this class of stock which would insure better returns for the grower. The
Civic League of Improvement just inaugurated here bids fair to help along
horticultural interest, and there is already a demand for perennial and
herbaceous stock.

Yours truly,

H. Brown, State Vice-President.

WISCONSIN

It affords me pleasure to report the results of our noble profession in
the State of Wisconsin as its Vice-President for the year 1904. It
has been a good season all around. The plant-growers here had an extra
demand for bedding stock and a number of them were cleaned out long
before the season ended, especially on S. A. Nutt geraniums and coleuses.
In cut flowers, carnations have been in great numbers this year; at times
the wholesale houses ceased to have pleasure in handling them. The same
can be said of bulbous stock. The glut which usually occurs at certain
seasons was an enormous one. Roses are the more fortunate among the
cut flowers; they hold their own. Summer flowers are in good demand,
also Boston ferns and palms. Milwaukee has a prosperous Florist Club;

14:6" PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

meetings are fairly well attended. At our last meeting a vote was taken on
the members intending to go to the St. Louis Convention; a goodly number
showed their intention of going.

Respectfully yours,

F. P. DiLGER, State Vice-President.

CANADA

It is with pleasure that I make my annual report, as your Vice-
President for this Dominion. In recording the exceptional severity of last
winter, I will only be repeating what will come to you from all parts of
this continent. We are pleased to say that there was no coal famine to
add to the trials of our profession and that on the whole the position of
the trade was not materially prejudiced by the exceptionally a3verse con-
ditions referred to.

The Christmas and New- Year holiday trade of Ottawa, London,
Montreal, Hamilton and Quebec was fully up to the average, with stocks
well reduced at satisfactory prices.

Our greenhouse structures have been kept in good repair and the
area of glass somewhat increased in keeping with our advancing needs.

In my report of last year I referred for the first time to the error of
plant-breeders in keeping too close to the wild species. Since then I
have had the opportunity of referring further to this important question
in a brief address to the Plant and Animal Breeders' Convention held at
St. Louis in December, 1903.

I take the liberty of enclosing a copy of this with the request that
interested florists be invited to peruse it, if you deem it out of order to
read it in this meeting.

I would not think of urging the question upon your attention were
I not convinced that the future progress of floriculture will be materially
advanced by according it most serious attention.

There is hardly a section of our profession today that is not directly
interested in the application of the principle to which I give expression.
We are bound together by the common interest of making the most rapid
advance possible, during the necessarily limited period of our activity, and
none of us can afford to waste time in reaching the best results possible in
our day.

Yours truly,

H. H. Groef, State Vice-President

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147

PEONY COMMITTEE— SECRETARY'S REPORT.

To the Officers and Members of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists.

Gentlemen: — Following is the report of the work of the Peony Com-
mittee during the past year:

The eight members appointed by the President are located at such
widely distant points (three in Philadelphia, two in Washington, one in
Chicago, one in Boston and one in Iowa) that it has not been possible to
have more than one meeting during the year. This took place last Novem-
ber in Philadelphia. The first matter taken up was the deciding on the
registration question which had been submitted to the committee by the
Milwaukee Convention. The report on same was forwarded to Mr. Stewart
last February so that if he wished he could lay the matter before the Execu-
tive Committee. It is understood, however, that same will be submitted
now along with this report.

After that question had been decided, a general discussion took place
as to the best means of furthering the interests of the Peony, especially
from the standpoint of the commercial florist and ornamental horticulturist.
The discussion was taken part in by all present, and lasted some two hours.
It crystallized mainly towards one idea, namely: the importance of a test-
mg ground with a collection of one or more plants of as many named varie-
ties as could be gotten together. Such a collection is vital to enable us to
detect duplicates and bring some order out of the confusion of names. It
is vital also in comparing the blooming qualities of the different varieties;
their habit of growth, whether vigorous or the reverse; their time of
blooming; and other points of importance. But the question now comes:
How are we to get such a collection? It was thought two years ago that
growers would gladly contribute samples free of charge for testing pur-
poses. A year ago this idea was still strong amongst us, and additional
appeals were sent out; but up to date the response has been so meagre
that we now feel convinced that we will have to buy them. It is a fact and
not a theory that we are up against. If the work which we have undertaken
is to go on to its logical conclusion, there will have to lie an appropriation.
It is for the members of the Society to say now whether they are willing to
provide the necessary funds to carry on this work. If they are, we would
suggest that the sum of $250 be appropriated to be expended in procuring
samples from the growers, and for such other purposes as in the judgment
of the committee are necessary to the furtherance of the work laid out for
them by the Society.

As an indication of the influence which the committee is wielding we

14:8 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

are glad to be able to report that, largely through the efforts of Mr. Peter
Bisset, one of the most active members of the committee, the Government
at Washington has been induced to establish a test collection of Peonies in
connection with the Department of Agriculture. We are promised a part
of same for our initial test collection at Philadelphia when the plants
arrive, as well as cordial co-operation in the work of revision, selection and
popularizing. We consider this move as of the first irr.portance and likely
to in time produce results of a far-reaching character.

We are also pleased to report that the Illinois University has become
interested, and is to co-operate with us in a similar way to that of the
Department of Washington. Prof. Beal, of the College of Agriculture, is in
charge of this work, and has already accomplished considerable of the pre-
liminaries. Prof. Beal will be at the convention, and will be very glad to
confer with the committee members personally and with any one interested.

This makes three sections of the country we are now at work in,
namely: Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, and Illinois; which is in line
with the idea of William R. Smith, one of the members of the committee
who at the Philadelphia meeting advocated our going further than merely
the nomenclature matter. He thought we ought also to study the behavior
of the varieties North, South, East and West.

It is also gratifying to be able to report that the work of the Peony
Committee has had a stimulating effect on outside organizations, and
through these, and the resulting publicity, has created a distinct impression
on the general public. The secretary of the committee had the honor to be
called to address the Germantown Horticultural Society last fall, and if
those who are in a position to know are to be believed, considerable of an
awakening has taken place amongst its members as to the merits of the
Peony. Last spring a similar pleasing opportunity was accorded by the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society. On the latter occasion a large audi-
ence assembled to hear the address. The discussion which followed was
very interesting, especially that part of it which brought out from Dr.
Robert T. Jackson the details of John Richardson's forty years of labor in
improving the Peony. The Boston people were so impressed that they are
to have a special exhibition of Richardson Peonies next spring, with an
address by Dr. Jackson giving the historical data of the man and his works
in a more complete form than was possible off-hand. The Peony Com-
mittee is proud to have been the means of starting this movement in what
we are wont to regard as our most advanced centre of horticulture, the City
of Boston.

Through the wide publicity given to these lectures in the newspapers
the secretary of the Peony Committee has been called on to conduct a
rather voluminous correspondence with people in all parts of the country
from Maine to California, and while this has been a great pleasure it has
also been a severe tax on the time of one employed in the conduct of an

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 149

exacting business. Much that he intended to do remains unaccomplished.
In fact, only the surface of this field has been scratched so far, and the
indulgence of the members is desired for apparent shortcomings. Lack of
opportunity rather than lack of will is the cause, however, and the nature
of this case makes it impossible to do more than make haste slowly. One
of the duties laid out for him by the Philadelphia meeting was the starting
of a Peony album. William R. Smith advocated the making of faithful pic-
tures, either photographs, sketches, or paintings, so that once these were on
the records of the Society they would be a standard for judging such varie-
ties for all time, and would be valuable records for the committee to pos-
sess. Lack of funds, as well as lack of time and opportunity, has been
against the realization of this excellent idea. But at least a beginning has
been made. He succeeded in getting good photographs of some thirty
standard varieties last June, and has made arrangements to have these
published at an early date free of cost to the Society.

Under the auspices of your committee the Florists' Club of Phila-
delphia last fall had a symposium on the keeping qualities of the Peony as
a cut flower, from which many important facts were brought out and
emphasized. Again, in June, that club had an exhibition of Peonies under
the same auspices, at which nearly a hundred named varieties were shown.
We have heard of other exhibitions in different parts of the country, some
of which no doubt owed their inspiration to the work of the Peony Com-
mittee, and taking it all in all your committee feels that the year has been
fruitful of good results which it is hoped will be still further augmented as
time passes.

Respectfully submitted,

George C. Watson, Secretary.

THE S. A. F. PEONY ASSOCIATION.

The use of the above title was fully explained in the Milwaukee report
of the Peony Committee. A technical omission having been found in the
printed proceedings of the Asheville convention in regard to the "power
to add" proviso in the constitution of the committee, it was decided to defer
further proceedings until the Milwaukee convention should pass on the
point. That convention voted afifirmatively on the matter.

The "power to add" clause makes us more than an ordinary com-
mittee with limited membership, for any one interested in the Peony may
join. If one be a member of the S. A. F. such joining costs nothing, but if
not a member, the entrance fee and first year's dues of the S. A. F. are neces-
sary, which amount is turned into the treasury of the Society. The orig-

150 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

inal committee appointed by the President of the Society of American Flor-
ists and Ornamental Horticulturists is the executive body of the Peony
Association and are responsible to that society.

We hope to be able to demonstrate the practicability of the method
thus inaugurated for furthering the interest in and aiding the investigation
of special subjects, thus satisfactorily disposing of the vexed question of
"closer relations," and with no other machinery than what the Society of
American Florists has already in existence.

George C. Watson, Secretary.

Because of the delay in mail delivery, the above communi-
cations intended for presentation at the St. Louis Convention
did not reach the Secretary's office until after his departure to
the Convention and, consequently, were not received by him in
time for submission to the Society. *

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

151

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXHIBITION

I herewith submit my report on trade exhibition held in connection
with the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists'
Convention at the Exposition Hall at St. Louis, August i6th to 19th, 1904.

Receipts.

C. A. Kuehn $51.40

Reed & Keller 93i6

Ionia Pottery Co 9.50

Lemuel Ball 18.00

A. G. Greiner 22.50

Vaughan's Seed Store 54-00

Geo. A. Kuhl 9.50

Chas. D. Ball 18.00

Samuel S. Pennock 45.00

Adolf Brix 19.56

H. Bayersdorfer & Co 156.96

E. F. Winterson Co 30.00

J. A. Peterson 14.25

L. Baumann & Co 54.00

J. G. & A. Esler 2.00

M. Rice & Co 171.00

Quaker City Machine Co. . . . 5.04

Thos. Collins 2.50

H. A. Dreer 90.00

Schloss Bros 17.10

Sperry Mfg. Co 10.45

J. W. Sefton Mfg. Co 48.60

Jno. C. Moninger Co 18.00

Geo. Wittbold Co 27.00

Hummel! & Downing Co. . . . 10.26
The Dayton Paper Novelty Co. 27.00
The King Construction Co. . 28.08

J. D. Thompson Car. Co 15. 00

Peter Reinberg 30.00

C. S. Ford 14-25

Lion & Wertheimer 4500

Lager & Hurrell 5-25

A. C. Oelschig 9-50

American Florist Co 18.60

A. Dietsch & Co 18.00

The Florists' Review Co 30.C0

Jos. Heacock 8.40

Roseville Pottery Co 36.00

Kroeschell Bros. Co 27.00

Ed. Jansen 53-46

W. J. & M. S. Vesey 30.00

Wm. Simpson & Sons 9.24

Siebrecht & Sons 18.00

L. B. Brague 500

Michigan Cut Flower Ex. . . . 18.78
Niagara Cement & Concrete

Co 2.50

H. Thaden 2.00

John Scott 36.00

The Florists' Exchange 10.00

A. Jablonsky _ 9-50

Herendeen Mfg. Co 18.72

Lord & Burnham Co 45-90

Templin Co 7-35

C. C Pollworth Co 18.00

Anders Rasmussen| 6.30

J. Stern & Co 5-25

The Benthey-Coatsworth Co. 60.00

152

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

The McCray Refrigerator Co. 28.80

Harry Papworth ipoO

F. R. Pierson Co 18.00

Hanfling & Kleppner 4.20

Robert Craig & Son 21.78

Detroit Flower Pot Mfg. Co. 5.04

H. N. Bruns 10.00

Foley Mfg. Co 25.92

H. J. Smith 3.15

Clucas & Boddington Co. . . . 10.45
Geo. M. Garland 9.50

Louis Dupuy 3.00

Jos. Kift & Son 5.04

Arthur T. Boddington 7.35

Wm. P. Craig 3.36

Bassett & Washburn 50.00

Adolph Selige 5.54

Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co 15.20

Wm. F. Kasting 12.75

Bentzen Commission Co 60.00

Total $1,984.44

Expenditures.

Carpenter $227.90

Stationery & postage 52.45

Drawing plans 15.00

Making cut of plans 15.00

Making cut of building 3.75

Cloth 58.38

Paper for tables 6.97

Electrical work 52.55

Plumber 9.50

Help hire 1 10.90

Flower pots 3.31

Sundries (tools, telegrams,

fans, tacks, etc.) 12.46

Advertising in trades papers, 12.75

Superintendent 198.44

Signs 117.10

Net collection on out of

town checks 1.88

Total $898.34

Summary.

Total amount received for space ■.$1,984.44

Total expenditures 898.34

$1,086.10
Cloth sold 9.50

Net balance to credit of St. Louis Florists' Club $1,095.60

Respectfully submitted,

C. A. KuEHN, Supt.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 153

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS REPORTED FOR 1904.

CARNATIONS.

Amaze (Suydam), scarlet.
Aureola (Dorner), white, pink centre.
Bizarre (Dorner), white, striped purple.
Crusader (Chicago Car. Co.), scarlet.
Flamingo (Marquisee), scarlet.

Indianapolis (Baur & Smith), Armazindy x Mrs. Frances Joost, pink.
Judge Hinsdale (Ward), white, marked pink.
Lady Bountiful (Dorner), white.
Louise Naumann (Naumann), dark pink.
Mackinac (Ward), white.

Marion Beauty (Teilmann), Flora Hill x Gen. Maceo. Crimson.
Mauvina (Dorner), mauve pink.

Mrs. M. A. Patten (Fisher and Thompson Car. Co.), white, marked with
pink.

Nelson Fisher (Fisher and Thompson Car. Co.), cerise.
Neptune (Dorner), white, yellow and cream.
New Daybreak (Weber), light pink.
Octoroon (Ward), crimson.
Reliance (Chicago Car. Co.), white.
Senorita (Dorner), white, striped and edged crimson.
Sensation (Ward).
The Belle (Dorner), white.
The Bride (May), white.
The President (Ward), crimson.

White Lawson (Allen, Pierson and Chicago Car. Co.), white sport from
Mrs. Thos. W. Lawson.

15^ PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

American Beauty (Neipp), pink.

Ben Wells, Ref. (Imp.), white.

Carrie (Wells), early yellow.

Chas. Longley (Imp.), purple.

Cheltoni, Ref. (Imp.), yellow, sport from Nellie Pockett.

Golden Age, Jap. (Smith), yellow.

Col. Weatherall, Jap. Inc. (Imp.), bronze, shaded crimson.

Dazzler, Jap. (Imp.), crimson.

Dr. Enguehard, Jap. Inc. (Imp.), pink.

F. A. Cobbold, Jap. (Imp.), pink.

Florence Molyneaux (Imp.), white.

Gen. Hutton, Ref. (Imp.), yellow.

Grandeur (Imp.), chestnut crimson.

Harrison Dick, Ref. (Imp.), yellow, red markings.

H. E. Hayman (Imp.), orange.

Henry Barnes, Jap. (Imp.), crimson, gold reverse.

J. Fray, Inc. (Imp.) red, reverse gold. ,

John Burton, Jap. Inc. (Smith), pink.

Josephine Rousset, Ref. (Imp.), lilac, silver reverse.

Leila Filkins, Ref. (Imp.), pink.

Loveliness (Imp.), canary yellow.

Lucie Duncan (Dupuy), white.

Mary Inglis (Imp.), fawn.

Maynell (Imp.), crimson, bronze reverse.

Miss Helen Frick, Jap. (Smith), pink.

Miss Mildred Ware, Ref. (Imp.), white, shaded buff.

Miss Olive Miller, Ref. (Imp.), pink.

Mile. Marthe Morel, Ref. (Imp.), pink.

Mme. Cahuzac (Imp.), yellow.

Mrs. J. I. Thornycroft, Jap. Inc. (Imp.), orange, overlaid apricot

Mrs. Nathan Smith, Jap. Inc. (Smith), white.

Mrs. H. W. Buckbee, Jap. Inc. (Buckbee), white.

Mrs. D. V. West, Ref. (Imp.), white.

Mrs. F. W. Vallis, Ref. (Imp.), crimson.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 155

Nellie Stevens (Imp.), pale rose flushed yellow.

Pres. Viger (Imp.), lilac mauve.

Prof. Couderie, Inc. (Imp.), amaranth.

Rockford, Inc. (Buckbee), yellow.

Safeguard, Ref. (Imp.), blush.

Sunburst, Jap. Inc. (Smith), yellow.

S. T. Wright, Inc. (Imp.), crimson.

The Princess (Imp.), white, shaded buff.

Tourbillon, Inc. (Imp.), orange bufif.

Uncle John, Jap. (Smith), yellow and bronze.

W. A. Etherington, (Imp.), pink.

White Mrs. J. R. Tranter (Smith).

W. R. Church (Imp.), crimson, bronze reverse.

Wm. Duckham, Inc. (Imp.), pink.

ROSES.

General MacArthur (May and Storrs & Harrison), crimson.
Northern Light (Conard & Jones Co.), multiflora pink and white.
Sir Thomas Lipton (Conard & Jones Co.), hybrid rugosa, white.

CANNAS.

Alcona (Smith), crimson.

Chameleon (Conard & Jones Co.), orange and Indian red. Color change-
able.

Chappaqua (Conard & Jones Co.), scarlet, blotched maroon.

Improved Black Beauty (Conard & Jones Co.).

Indiana (Conard & Jones Co.), orange, striped red.

Juniata (Conard & Jones Co.), chrome yellow flowers; foliage bronze
veined.

Louisiana (Conard & Jones Co.), scarlet; foliage purple margined.

Oscoda (Smith), red, bordered yellow.

Wyoming (Conard & Jones Co.), orange flowers; purple foliage.

156 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

MISCELLANEOUS.

Abutilons Ambigu, Cloche d'Or, Crepuscule Dalon, Eureka, Explorateur
Foreau, Fleur d'Ete, Fra Diavolo, Fremiet, Gen. Gallieni, Grenadier,
Gulliver, Menelik and Mercie (Henderson Imp.). "^

Alpinia Sanderae (Sander), foliage variegated.
Antigonum leptopus alba (Reasoner).
Asparagus plumosus compactus (Dreer), dwarf.
Begonia His Majesty (Sander), B. rex x B. Bowringeana.
Begonia Our Queen (Sander), B. Bowringeana x B. rex.
Begonia Mrs. H. G. Moon (Sander), B. Bowringeana x B. rex.
Carax Vilmorini (Smith Imp.), decorative grass.
Clerodendron microsyphon (Reasoner).
Eichhornia Martiana (Reasoner).
Eugenia Malaccensis (Reasoner).
Erythrina velutina (Reasoner).

Erythrina Christa-Galli compacta (Dreer), dwarf.
Heliconia Edwardus Rex (Sander), foliage dark red and green.
Helianthus sparsifolia (Smith Imp.), yellow, dark disc.
Hibiscus aculeatus (So. Flo. Nur. Co.), flower cream with purple

blotch.
Hypericum Van Fleeti (Lovett), yellow.
Jasminum grandiflorum, semi-double (Reasoner).
Liatris gracilis (So. Flo. Nur. Co.), purple.
Liatris graminaefolia pilosa (So. Flo. Nur. Co.), purple.
Marguerite Queen Alexandrae (Sander); double flowered.
Nicotiana Sanderae (Sander), Hardy annual; flowers carmine.
Pennisetum macrophyllum atrosanguineum (Dreer), "Crimson Fountain

Grass."
Platycodon Leichtlinii (Lovett), blue.
Retinospora Sanderi (Dreer), glaucous blue foliage.
Rh-exia lutea (So. Flo. Nur. Co.), flowers yellow.
Selaginella Watsoniana (Dreer), silver variegated.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

157

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SPORTS.

Your Committee on Sports present the following report:

The bowling contest took place at the Palace Alleys, Wednesday,
August 17th, the tournament being governed by the rules of the American
Bowling Congress. Eight teams of five men each participated in the team
contests, forty-three bowlers took part in the individual contest and
seventy-one in the ladies' contest. Following are the scores:

TEAMS.

Chicago. ist

Stevens 204

Scott 136

Asmus 116

Balluff 179

Stollery, F 166

Totals 801

St. Louis. ist

Beneke 162

Kuehn 121

Miller 155

Beyer 1 58

Ellison 165

Totals 761

Cleveland. ist

Stade 134

Kunz -.-. 127

Graham, A. 142

Hart 96

Graham C 180

Totals 679

2d

.3d

Total

186

181

571

142

145

423

141

156

413

144

137

460

146

171

483

759

790

2350

2d

3d

Total

158

142

462

MS

145

411

120

• 125

400

148

146

452

155

159

479

726

717

2204

2d

3d

Total

171

151

456

137

130

394

126

132

400

136

no

342

196

170

546

766

693

2138

158

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

New York. ist

O'Mara 152

Guttman 127

Traendly 119

Manda 109

Lang 169

Totals 676

Milwaukee. ist

Holton 149

Edlefsen 116

Kennedy 121

Klokner 125

PoUworth 141

Totals 652

Washington. ist

Cooke 151

Barry I53

Mc Lennan 1 59

Gude 106

Shaffer 112

Totals 681

Philadelphia. ist

Kift 109

Gibson 143

Adelberger 140

Craig 128

Connor 124

Totals 644

Detroit. 1st

Sullivan, N i57

Watson 154

Breitmeyer • 115

Dilger 93

Sullivan, J. F ■ 119

Totals 638

2d

3d

Total

159

145

456

117

153

397

127

116

362

135

118

362

177

.67

5^3

715

699

2090

2d

3d

Total

148

154

451

156

129

401

150

156

427

116

139

380

141

147

429

711

725

2088

2d

3d

Total

163

136

450

149

147

449

157

163

479

92

112

310

lOI

142

355

662

700

2043

2d

3d

Total

124

130

363

138

143

424

134

161

435

IXC

III

349

165

181

470

671

726

2041

2d

3d

Total

125

152

434

203

112

469

179

141

435

88 •

92

273

90

118

327

685

6IS

1938

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 159

PRIZES IN INDIVIDUAI, CI.A.SS FOR MEMBERS NOT COMPETING

IN TEAM CONTESTS.

Carving Set to members scoring highest total in three games. Won
by Chas. Seybold, Baltimore. Total, 457 pins.

Silk Umbrella to member scoring second highest in three games.
Won by Geo. McClure, Buffalo. Total, 448 pins.

Bowling Ball to member scoring third highest total in three games.
Won by John Degnan, Chicago. Total, 444 pins.

China Clock to member scoring fourth highest total in three games.
Won by Wm. Scott, Buffalo. Total, 441 pins.

Pocket Book to member scoring fifth highest total in three games.
Won by J. F. Wilcox, Council Bluff's. Total, 428 pins.

Smoking Set to member scoring greatest number of strikes. Tie be-
tween Chas. Seybold and A. F. Longren, each scoring 9 strikes.

Six Bottles of Wine to member scoring greatest number of spares in
three games. Won by Wm. F. Kasting, Buffalo. Total 17 spares.

CHAMPIONSHIP PRIZE.

Gold Medal and Miniature Bowling Ball set with Diamonds, offered
by The Brunswick, Balke, Collender Co., Chicago.

The member scoring highest in each of the teams and the five high
members in the individual class were eligible to bowl in this contest. Won
by J. H. Stevens, Chicago. Total, 544 pins.

LADIES' BOWLING TOURNAMENT.
Prizes Awarded on Total Number of Pins in Two Games.

First Prize, H. B. Beatty Trophy. Silver Vase. Won by Mrs. P. J.
Hauswirth, Chicago. Total, 249 pins.

Second, H. B. Beatty Trophy. Silver Fruit Dish. Won by Mrs.
Virgie Kreitling, Chicago. Total, 230 pins.

Third, St. Louis Ladies' Bowling Club Prize. Cut Glass Bowl. Won
by Mrs. F. M. Ellis, St. Louis. Total, 230 pins.

Fourth, St. Louis Ladies' Bowling Club Prize. Pearl Brooch. Won
by Mrs. D. Schutzle, St. Louis. Total, 229 pins.

160

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Fifth, St. Louis Ladies' Bowling Club Prize. Cut Glass Vase. Won
by Mrs. F. H. Meinhardt, St. Louis. Total, 221 pins.

Sixth, R. Thompson Prize. Cut Glass Vase. Won by Mrs. Chas.
Beyer, St. Louis. Total, 205 pins.

Seventh, Mrs. F. M. Ellis Prize. Battenberg Doily. Won by Miss B.
Meinhardt, St. Louis, Total, 198 pins.

Eighth, Mrs. Chas. Beyer Prize. Set of Table Linen. Won by Miss
L. Meinhardt, St. Louis. Total, 193 pins.

Ninth, Miss M. Meinhardt Prize. Burntwood Box. Won by Mrs.
Theo. Miller, St. Louis. Total, 193 pins.

.Tenth, Mrs. F. C. Weber Prize. Battenberg Handkerchief. Won by
Mrs. F. C. Weber, St. Louis. Total, 174 pins.

Eleventh, Mrs. F. H. Meinhardt Prize. Six Handkerchiefs. Won by
Mrs. Peter Reinberg, Chicago. Total, 174 pins.

Twelfth, Eshrich & Son's Prize. Silk Parasol. Won by Mrs. Geo.
Asmus, Chicago. Total, 169 pins.

Thirteenth, Mrs. J. J. Beneke, Prize. Pocket Book. Won by Mrs.
W. J. Smyth, Chicago. Total, 156 pins.

Fourteenth, V. J. Gorley Prize. China Clock. Won by Mrs. Philip
Breitmeyer, Detroit. Total, 152 pins.

Fifteenth, Mrs. Theo. Miller Prize. Six Silver Spoons. Won by Miss
Poehlmann, Chicago. Total, 151 pins.

Sixteenth, Mrs. John Steidle Prize. Comb and Brush. Won by Mrs.
E. Schray, St. Louis. Total, 141 pins.

Seventeenth, Missouri Glass Co. Prize. China Plate. Won by Miss
T. Meinhardt, St. Louis. Total, 137 pins.

Eighteenth, Silver Set. Won by Mrs. W. J. Pilcher, Kirkwood, Mo.
Total, 134 pins.

Nineteenth, Mrs. Emil Schray Prize. Nut Bowl. Won by Miss
Schuell, St. Louis. Total, 134 pins.

Twentieth, Otto Ude Prize. Bottle of Perfume. Won by Miss
Schantel, Chicago. Total, 131 pins.

Twenty-first, Bottle of Perfume. Won by Mrs. C. H. Kunzman,
Louisville. Total, 130 pins.

Twenty-second, Placque. Won by Mrs. W. L. Rock, Kansas City,
Mo. Total, 127 pins.

Twenty-third, Miss Rosa Arato Prize. Fan. Won by Mrs. J. Wolfe.
Total, 126 pins.

Twenty-fourth,' Box of Candy. Won by Mrs. M. Guillaume, La
Crosse, Wis. Total, 124 pins.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

161

Twenty-fifth, China Bowl. Won by Miss A. Guillaume, La Crosse,
Wis. Total, 124 pins.

Twenty-sixth, Cup and Saucer. Won by M. Parker, Chicago. Total,
124 pins.

Ladies' Scores — Total Two Games.

Scored.

Mrs. P. J. Hauswirth 24Q Mrs.

Mrs. V. Kreitling 230 Miss

Mrs. Frank Ellis 230 Mrs.

Mrs. D. Schutzle 227 Mrs.

Mrs. F. H. Meinhardt 221 Mrs.

Mrs. Charles Beyer . . . .„ 205 Mrs.

Miss B. Meinhardt 19S Mrs.

Miss L. Meinhardt 193 Miss

Mrs. Th. Miller 182 Miss

Mrs. F. C. Weber 174 Mrs.

Mrs. P. Reinberg 174 Mrs.

Mrs. G. Asmus 169 Mrs.

Mrs. W. J. Smyth 156 Miss

Mrs. Phil. Breitmeyer 152 Mrs.

Miss Poehlmann 151 Mrs.

Mrs. E. Schray 141 Mrs.

Miss T. Meinhardt 137 Miss

Mrs. W. J. Pilcher .134 Mrs.

Mrs. Schnell 134 Miss

Miss Schantel 131 Mrs.

Mrs. C. H. Kunzman 130 Miss

Mrs. W. L. Rock 127 Mrs.

Mrs. J. Wolfe 126 Mrs.

Mrs. M. Guillaume 124 Miss

Miss Guillaume 124 Mrs.

Miss M. Parker 124 Mrs.

Mrs. A. H. Langjahr 123 Mrs.

Mrs. F. Breitmeyer 122 Mrs.

Mrs. E. Gross 121 Mrs.

Mrs. F. Holton 118 Miss

Mrs. J. S. Wilson 116 Mrs.

Mrs. J. Steidle 114 Miss

Mrs. H. Berning 113 Mrs.

Mrs. Frank Traendly 112 Miss

Mrs. Baumgarten 1 12 Mrs.

Scored

A. Zender ill

Schultheis no

E. James 109

W. J. Vesey 109

A. M. Herr 109

J. J. Beneke 108

D. Weber 108

M. Vesey 108

Burton 107

A. J. Knecht 107

G. R. Scott 105

O. Koenig 104

Esler 102

K. Poehlmann 100

L. Poehlmann 99

R. Boehringer 99

P. Fulmer 99

H. B. Howard 95

H. Damman 94

C. Juengel 92

Shaw 89

Newbury 86

F. Schmeling 85

Kuhl 85

A. Krueger 84

F. Fillmore 84

Vaiejo ^^

H. EichhcJz 74

F. Fulmer 71

R. Joseph 70

A. Sibson 69

A. Reed 66

J. Koenig 65

DillofY di

Schimpff (one game) 51

162

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Scores of Individual Members Not Competing in Team Contests.

Scored.

Seybold 457

McClure 448

Degnan 444

Wm. Scott 431

J. F. Wilcox 428

Kasting 426

Roy Wilcox 419

Hadkinson 416

Olsen 408

Billingsley 405

Sanders 404

Wilson 401

Schray 388

Shaw 387

Zender 383

Ellis 2,79

Valentine 376

Weber, Jr 374

LofBer 374

Scored.

Henderson 370

John Scott 363

Meinhardt 358

Schmeling 341

Steidle 340

Altick 334

McKellar 332

Evans 325

Clau&on ; 322

Rodger s 320

Balsley 301

Rassmussen 298

Fillmore 296

Papworth 288

Longren 253

Juengel 240

Foley 239

Cook 196

CONSOLATION PRIZES — FOR LOWEST SCORES.

First, H. B. Beatty Trophy. Silver Vase. Won by Mrs. L. Dil-
lofF, New York. Total, 63 pins.

Second, Mrs. Otto Koenig Prize. Lady's Hat. Won by Mrs. J. Koe-
nig, St. Louis. Total, 65 pins.

Third, Mrs. F. C. Weber Prize. Miniature Bowling Alley. Won by
Miss A. Reed, Spring Lake, Mo. Total, 66 pins.

THE PRIZES AND WINNERS.

Team Contests.

First Prize, Chicago was first with a total of 2,350 pins, winning the
following prizes:

The Wm. F. Kasting Championship Cup. To be held by the winning
club until next contest.

The H. B. Beatty Trophy. A Silver Cup to be won twice before be-
coming the property of any team.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 163

The Anheuser-Busch Cup.

The H. B. Beatty Prizes, consisting of five silver match safes for the
individual members of the team.

Second Prize. St. Louis was second with a total of 2,204 pins, winning
the following prizes:

The Harry Balsley Silver Pitcher and five watch fobs for the individ-
ual members of the team.

Third Prize. Cleveland was third, winning five steins offered by
Holton & Hunkle, for the individual members of the team.

INDIVIDUAL PRIZES IN TEAM CONTESTS.

St. Louis Florists' Club Medal to member scoring highest total in
three games. Won by J. H. Stevens, Chicago. Total, 591 pins.

Bowling Ball to member scoring greatest number of strikes in three
games. Won by J. H. Stevens, Chicago, 19 strikes.

Gold Medal to member scoring greatest number of spares in three
games. Won by Patrick O'Mara, New York, 16 spares.

Silk Umbrella to member making highest single score. Won by J.
H. Stevens, Chicago. Score, 204.

Smoking Set to member of winning team scoring highest total in three
games. Won by J. H. Stevens, Chicago.

Two Boxes of Cigars to member of second team scoring highest total
in three games. Won by A. Y. Ellison, St. Louis.

Bowling Slippers to member of third team scoring highest total in
three games. Won by Chas. Graham, Cleveland.

P. J. Hauswirth,
Chas. Beyer,
R. F. Tesson,

Committee on Sports.

164 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

FLORISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.

The annual meeting of the Florists' Hail Association was
held on Aug. i8, 1904, in Exposition Hall, St. Louis, Mo., with
J. F. Wilcox of Council Bluffs. Iowa, in the chair.

J. F. Wilcox and John T. Temple were elected directors to
fill expired terms, after which the reports of the secretary and
treasurer were submitted by those officials and were approved by
the meeting.

The following is the report of the secretary :

The 1,271 members of the Florists' Hail Association of America on
August I, 1904, insured glass as follows:

^ •^, j^ j< ji-e ji-^ :s w 12

. «

•Si'm Sli (ij c'bi'Si (3 OS'S) S'Bj'mi SSlb 5 - -

S o °.S °o X.2 ^g S-SS -

Alabama 1,040

Arkansas 16,285 9,600 2,965 1,400 -

Colorado 329,527 252,515 42,492 173.385 219,032 $10,613.00

Connecticut... 7,900 81,867 • 43.986 5,355.

Delaware 38,498 17.986 13.670 1,658 4,200

Georgia 6,048 3,360 *

Illinois 281,811 1,947,783 80,041 162,388 64,971 414,187 360.55

Indiana 221,659 606,810 31,080 91,510 26,303 152,360 720.11

Ind. Territory 2,000 2,000

Iowa 301,971 637,982 18,286 220,749 90,830 184,519 502.68

Kansas 218,827 125,296 36,947 18,045 ii7,474 75,6o2 275.45

Kentucky .... 82,250 103,921 1,500 39,466 17.425 46.25

Louisana 6,150 3,150

Maine 7.47o 21,021

Maryland .... 132,753 78,832 8,260 8,900 20,750

Massachusetts 21,950 122,454 15,000

Michigan .... 85,179 255,382 8,782 49.350

Minnesota 107,854 576,227 10,560 2,330 11,525 284,627 162.80

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

165

Mississippi . . .

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

N. Hampshire
New Jersey. . .
New Mexico. .
North Carolina
North Dakota
New York . .

Ohio

Okla. Territory
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee . . .

Texas

Virginia

West Virginia
Wisconsin . . .
Wyoming . . .
Washington .
D. of Columbia
Canada

1,152

537.506

81,670

263,276

1,500

43.499

3.030

17,780

169,464
582,551

5,075
462,049

616

2,400

24,835

40,395
45,405
32,320
105,378
1,240
12,910

1,317
3,506

792,186

3.460

80,412

18,150

953,429

14,902

500

2,910

546,417
1.385-138

15,595
2,214,901

38,835
8,800

12,280
6,680

40,271

51,368

6,050

220,110

62,975

56,030
600

20,231 279.303 594,844

6,670 3,460

2,100 80,071 21,691

13,400

138,850 100,885

13.734 3,030 1,168

6,761
7,168

9,462

52.371

2,310

51,878

616

1,200

400

1.492
11,810
68,072

158,482
20,785

21.734 3,740

3,888

13,500 57,610

70,310 328,386

1,265 15,595

35,411 643,354

9,950

11,425
11,443

10,840
7.040

1,400

6,680

10,003

22.353
6,050

10,377

4,655.36

25.60

532.38

10.64

86.36

37-50
277.46

726.55

19.95
63.96

1 50.00

4,306,046 11,269,309 502,412 1,012,250 1,078,0593,263,613 $19,226.60

The whole being equivalent to 20,674,358 square feet of glass insured.
The amount paid for losses is the greatest for a single year since the or-
ganization of the association over seventeen years ago.

The receipts for the year ending August i, 1904., were: From four-
teenth assessment, $11,917.70; from new business as per Treasurer's report
$2,950.29; from reinsurance of glass broken, $252.45; from interest on' in-
vestments, $591.83; making total receipts for the year, $15,712.27.

The expenditures for the year were: For losses. $19,266.60; for ex-
penses, salaries, etc., $1,944.79; for investment, $2,077.08; total, $23,288.47.

The cash balance on hand at the close of the year was $5,185.06 of
which $1,248.77 belongs to the reserve fund, leaving $3,936.29 for use in the
emergency fund, which added to the $5,000.00 call loan investment of emer-
gency fund gives $8,936.29 available for payment of losses.

The reserve fund now consists of $11,400.00 invested in gilt-edged se-
curities, many of which would sell above par, and $1,248.77 cash in hands
of Treasurer, making a total reserve fund of $12,648.77. 138,764 square feet

166

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

of single and 92,893 square feet of double glass broken by hail has been paid
for during the past year by the Florists' Hail Association of America. 904
losses have been adjusted and paid since the organization of the Florists'
Hail Association, involving an outlay of $76,500.

The following table may prove interesting to the student of statistics:

STATES

n tloo

§<

California 1

Maine 3

Vermont 3

New Hampshire 7

Rhode Island 3

Connecticut 10

Massachusetts 10

New York 87

New Jersey 5^

Pennsylvania 67

Delaware 3

Ohio 66

Indiana 3'

Illinois 81

Michigan 18

Wisconsin 30

Minnesota 3^

Iowa 66

Missouri 63

Kansas 7°

Nebraska 46

Arkansas 2

Colorado

North Dakota

South Dakota

Montana

Wyoming

Maryland

Virginia

West Virginia •

North Carolina

Kentucky

Georgia

Texas

42

6

12

3

3
II

5
12

5
14

3
14

(A -^

O u 00

• 're " tJJ

15

9
46

I

56
26
62
6
29

35
84

123
108

65

70
I
6
2

4
6

2

4
I

10

8

a H

■« ^^

<*- 1.t_, '^l (

6 g.S

7
2
2

4
4
7
I

3
I

2

8

O "^ 3

'- t;< o

O— no
• 13 C

<«5 p.n

o

4
16

3
9

7

3

5

30

9

7

24

I
I
I

I

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 167

Louisiana 3

Tennessee 2 i

Florida i

Mississippi i

Oklahoma Territory 10 8

Indian Territory i

District of Columbia 4

Canada 4 4

New Mexico 3 4

South Carolina i

The past year will go down to history as a record-breaker for the
severity of its hailstorms. The hail that wrecked the Pueblo, Colorado,
greenhouses was probably the worst that has occurred since the organiza-
tion of the Association. All Pueblo greenhouses were hit, and all of th?ir
owners carried a double insurance.

Hailstorms at Denver, Colorado, and Springfield, Mo., were also of
unusual severity, and a large percentage of the florists in these cities also
carried double insurance. Last fall a severe hailstorm did large damage in
Philadelphia, but some of the largest losers were uninsured, and a ma-
jority of the houses hit carried only a partial insurance. In severe hail-
storms at Fort Plain, N. Y., Manheim, Pa., and Saginaw, Mich., the Asso-
ciation was fortunate enough to escape payment of losses, as the florists in
these localities carried no insurance, evidently believing they were outside
of the mythical hail belt.

John G. Esler, Secretary.

At a meeting of the board of directors of the Florists' Hail
Association, the following officers were elected for the ensuing
year: E. G. Hill, President ; H. H. Ritter, Vice-President ; John
G. Esler, Secretary ; Albert M. Herr, Treasurer.

Mr. H. H. Ritter then tendered his resignation as a member
of the board of directors, which was accepted, and J. C. Vaughan
was elected to fill the vacancy. The finance committee, consist-
ing of the president, secretary and treasurer, were then instructed
to purchase for the reserve fund a ;Siooo municipal bond of the
County of Allegheny, Pa. The secretary was then instructed to
levy the 15th assessment on March ist, 1905.

After the transaction of minor routine business the board
adjourned.

John G. Esler, Secretary.

168 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS

OFFICERS FOR 1904

President

PHILIP BREITMEYER, Detroit, Michigan

Vice-President

J. J. BENEKE, St. Louis, Missouri

Secretary

WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Massachusetts

Treasurer

H. B. BEATTY, Pittsburg Pennsylvania

Directors

«

For One Year

F. R. Mathison, Waltham, Mass.
Robert Halliday, Baltimore, Md.

For Two Years For Three Years

George C. Watson, Philadelphia, Pa. H. M. Altick, Dayton, Ohio

R. F. Tesson, St. Louis, Mo. Theo. Wirth, Hartford, Conn.

Entoviologtst Prof. L. O. Howard, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C
Botanist - - Dr. N. L. Britton, Botanical Gardens, New York, N. Y.

Pathologist - Prof. A. F. Woods, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Chairman Legislative Committee - J. K. M. L. Farquhar, Boston, Mass.
Chairman Committee on Sports - - - P. J. Hauswirth, Chicago, 111.
Sup erintettdent of Exhibition - - - - C. A. Kuehn, St. Louis, Mo.
Assistant Superititendent of Exhibition - F. H. Meinhardt, St. Louis, Mo.

Sergeant- At- Arms • W. J. Pilcher, St. Louis. Mo.

Judges . - - - J. F. Sullivan, Edwin Lonsdale, Lewis Ullrich

Plant Registration Department - - - - In charge of Secretary

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

169

OFFICERS FOR 1905

President

J. C. VAUGHAN, Chicago, Illinois

Vice-President

J. R. FREEMAN, Washington, D. C.

Secretary

WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Massachusetts.

Treasurer

H. B. BE ATT Y, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania

Directors

For One Year

For Two Years

George C. Watson, Philadelphia, Pa. H. M. Altick, Dayton, Ohio

R. F. Tesson, St. Louis, Mo. Theo. Wirth, Hartford, Conn.

For Three Years
Two members to be appointed by the President-elect, Jan. i, 1905.

PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY OF
AMERICAN FLORISTS

John Thorpe, 1885-1886

Robert Craig, 1887

E. G. Hill, 1888

J. N. May, 1889
*J. M. Jordan, 1890

M. H. Norton, 1891

James Dean, 1892

William R. Smith, 1893
*J. T. Anthony, 1894

Edwin Lonsdale, 1895
W^iLLiAM Scott, 1896
Adam Graham, 1897
W. F. Gude, 1898
W. N. Rudd, 1899
*E. M. Wood, 1900
Patrick O'Mara, 1901
John Burton, 1902-1903

*Deceased.

170 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

LIFE MEMBERS.

Anderson, Wm. F., Waltham, Mass.

Asmus, Adolph E., West Hoboken, N. J.

Ball, Chas. D., Holmesburg, Pa.

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown, Md.

Baumer, Aug. R., 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Bayer, Geo., 2556 Fulton street, Toledo, Ohio.

Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

Bertermann, John, 241 Mass. avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington, D. C.

Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratoit and Miami avenues, Detroit, Mich.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue, Allegheny Co., Pa.
Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Busch, Fred, Lyndale avenue and soth street, south, Minneapolis, Minn.

Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham, Mass.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, R. I.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass.

Cowee, Arthur, Berlin, N. Y.

Craig, Robt., 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford street, Charlestown, Mass.

Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte street, Asheville, N. C.

Dean, David A., Freeport, N. Y.

Dean, James, Freeport, N. Y.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa.

Edgar, Wm. W., Waverley, Mass.

Esler, John G., Saddle River, N. J.

Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland street, Roxbury, Mass.

Farenwold, Adolph, Roslyn P. O., Hillside, Pa.

Farquhar, Jas. F. M., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 171

Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston, Mass.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass.

Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont street, Boston, Mass.

Gasser, J. M., loi Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F street, Washington, D. C.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F street, Wa. 'gton, D. C.

Hammond, Benj., Fishkill, N. Y.

Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia, Pa

Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet, 111.

Hauswirth, P. J., 227 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111.

Heinl, George A., ;i27 Summit street, Toledo, Ohio.

Herrington, A., Madison, N. J.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston, Mass.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville, Ohio. *

Kasting, W. F., 383 E cott street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo.

Kiagge, Rob't, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant avf ue, St. Louis, Mo.

Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant av ue, St. Louis, Mo.

Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y.

Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y.

Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High street, Louisville, Ky.

Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th street, New York, N. Y.

Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J.

Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox, Mass.

Luffnian, Miss Amy K., Birmingham, Ala.

Mathison, Fred R., Waltham, Mass.

May, J. N., Summit, N. J.

Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 30 Holt street, Dayton, Ohio.

Maynard, C. H., 30 Holt street, Dayton, Ohio.

Montgomery, Alexander, Natick, Mass.

Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield street, Pittsburg, Pa_.

Newbold, Frederic R., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 West 28th street, Nevir York, N. Y.

O'Mara, P., Grand street, Jersey City, N. J.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Raynor, John I., 49 West 28th street. New York, N. Y.

Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford, N. J.

172 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington, D. C.

Schulz, Frecl Louis, 1325 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th street, New York, N. Y.

Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. L City, N. Y.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C.

Stewart, Wm. J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston, Mass.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St. Louis, Mo.

Thieman, H., Owosso, Mich.

Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar street, New York, N. Y.

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo.

Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th street, New York, N. Y.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin, Ohio.

Walker, H. G., 644 4th avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y.

Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash avenue, Chicago, Til.

Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Welch, P., 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence, Kans.

Williams, Fredk. H., Waltham, Mass.

Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville, Ohio.

Young, John, 51 West 28th street, New York, N. Y.

Zweifel, Nic, 14th street and Grading avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 173

ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR 1904.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa.

Adels, Wm. F., Jr., 315 No. Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y.

Allison, R. G., Davenport, la.

Altick, PI. M., 1 123 No. Main street, Dayton, Ohio.

Amerpohl, Edw., Janesville, Wis.

Amling, Albert F., Box 646, Maywood, 111.

Amling, E. C., 36 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville, 111.

Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven, Conn.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Armitage, Chas., 23^ Mercer street, New York, N. Y.

Arthur, G. S., Biltmore, N. C.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Asmus, George, 897 Madison avenue, Chicago, 111.

Asmus, Rudolph, Bogota, N. J.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock, Pa.

Baer, Henry, R. F. D. No. 3, Peoria, 111.

Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago, 111.

Baird, O. L., Dixon, 111.

Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn. Sq., Philadelphia, Pa.

Baldwin, B. J., Paris, Texas.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bailer, F. A., Bloomington, 111.

Balluff, Ch?s. M., 335 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich.

Barbe, A., 15th and Lawndale streets, Kansas City, ]\io.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.

Barnett, Richard, Woonsocket, R. I.

Barry, J. J., 1913 New Hampshire avenue, Washington, D. C.

Barry, Wm. C, Rochester, N. Y.

Bartels, F. C, Lake avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Bartels, H., 1178 Teutonia street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius street, Syracuse, N. Y.

174 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Bather, John R., Clinton, Iowa.

Battles, H. H., io8 So. 12th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bauer, Otto, 719 14th street, Washington, D. C.

Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Beal, Alvin C, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111.

Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort street, Detroit, Mich.

Beam, David, Bala P. O., Philadelphia, Pa.

Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avenues, Woodhaven, N. Y.

Becker, Jacob, 5278 Market street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield, Pa.

Bellows, Chas. A., Adamsdale, Mass.

Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I., N. Y.

Benson, A. C, Hinsdale, 111.

Benson, N. A., 1360 So. Sherman street, Denver, Col.

Benthey, F. F., New Castle, Ind.

Bentzen, Adolph J., 4025 Marcus avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga.

Berkowitz, Paul, 56 N. 4th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn.

Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges street, Mansfield, Ohio.

Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac street, Hagerstown, Md.

Betscher, C, Canal Dover, Ohio.

Beyer, Carl, 3619 So. Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Beyer, Robt., 3619 So. Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Biggs, Mrs. F. Norton, Crown Point, Ind.

Billingsley, Wm., Indianapolis, Ind.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk avenue. New London, Ct.

Bissinger, J. A., Lansing, Mich.

Blackman, Wm., Evansville, Ind.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby street, Norfolk, Va.

Blind, Geo. D., Westview, Pa.

Blind, H. L., Westview, Pa.

Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th street. New York, N. Y.

Boehringer, Albert G., Bay City, Mich,

Boehringer, R. G., Bay City, Mich.

Boettger, R. E., Egertsville, N. Y.

Boldt, Bernhard, Harris Sta., Adams Co., Col.

Bottomley, Robt., Sen. Dryden Estate, Bernardsville, N. J.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass.

Braik, Jas., 1203 Elmwood avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 175

Briscoe, J. A., 1002 So. Union avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Brix, Adolph, 1403 St. Louis avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Brown, C. C, Springfield, 111.

Brown, E. E., Asheville, N. C.

Brown, T. F., Greenfield, Mich.

Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City, Mo.

Bruns, H. N., 1409 Madison street, Chicago, 111.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford, 111.

Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart, Ind.

Bunyard, Harry A., 812 Greenwich street, New York, N. Y,

Buettner. Emil, Park Ridge, 111.

Bunde. A. H., 249 Maria avenue, St. Paul, Minn.

Burgevin, David, Pearl street, Kingston, N. Y.

Burgevin, Geo., Pearl street, Kingston, N. Y.

Burnham, Wm. A., Irvington, N. Y.

Burns, Alexander S', Woodside, N. Y.

Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Butterfield, M., Farmington, Mo.

Butz, Geo. C, State College, Centre Co., Pa.

Byer, Chas. A., Chambersburg, Pa.

Cahill, P. J., Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen, Ala.

Campbell, Edward, Ardmore, Pa.

Carlquist, Sigurd W., Shadow Brook, Lenox, Mass.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind.

Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes, N. Y.

Chalfant, W. A., Springfield, 111.

Champion, J. N., New Haven, Conn.

Chase, Benj., Derry, N. H.

Chopin, P. A., 8th and Magazine streets. New Orleans, La.

Christiany, John, Sheldon, Iowa.

Clack, Sidnej', Menlo Park, Cal.

Clark, John, Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C.

Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich street. New York, N. Y.

Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea, Minn.

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J.

Coe, A. M., North Olmstead, Ohio.

Coenen, Jos., 2204 Von Borries avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Cohn, Mrs. L. Engelman, Manistee, Mich.

Coleman, Waters, Grass Valley, Cal.

Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind.

Collins, Thos., Hinsdale, Mass.

Connell, Benj., West Grove, Pa.

176 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Connon, J. M., 4248 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwood avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Cook, Henry, 7417 Pearl street, New Orleans, La.

Cook, John, 318 No. Charles street, Baltimore, Md.

Cook, M., 143 Baronne street. New Orleans, La.

Cook, Miss Pense, Alvin, Texas.

Cook, W. C, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Cooke, Geo. H., Connecticut avenue and L street, Washington, D. C.

Coombs, John, Benton street, Hartford, Conn.

Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Cotter, Lawrence, Danville, Pa.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin, N. Y.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo, N. Y.

Crabb, Geo. F., 509 Madison avenue, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Craig, Geo., 211 So. nth street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Craig, W. P., 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Creed, Jas., 20 Swift street, Auburn, N. Y.

Crowe, Peter, 810 Genesee street, Utica, N. Y.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia street, Colorado Springs, Col.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Williams street, Delaware, Ohio.

Currie, Wm., 108 Wisconsin street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania, Ohio.

Gumming, Alex., 188 Hawthorn street, Hartford, Conn.

Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Davis, Jos. B., Wildmont, Orange, N. J.

Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville, Va.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y.

Degnan, John, care E. F. Winterson Co., 45-47 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111.

Demas, P. J., 288 Diamond street, Pittsburg, Pa.

Demeusy, A., Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Denker, Edwin, St. Charles, Mo.

Derthick, C. B., Main street, Ionia, Mich.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Dickinson, C. M., W. Taylor and The River, Chicago, 111. I

Dickinson, Geo. E., i Broadway, N. Y.

Dilger, F. P., 418 Prior avenue, Milwaukee, Wis. j

Dilger, Wm., 26 Miami avenue, Detroit, Mich. 1

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me.

Donald, William, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 177

Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y.

Donnelly, Harry, care Haskell Flo. Co., Dallas, Texas.

Dorner, F. E., Lafayette, Ind.

Dorner, Fred, Lafayette, Ind.

Dorner, Theo. A., Lafayette, Ind.

Dorval, Victor S., Woodside, N. Y.

Dorval, Victor S., Jr., Woodside, N. Y.

Dreer, Wm. F., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Duggan, T. W., Brampton, Ont.

Dunford, Jas. W., R. R. No. i, Clayton, Mo.

Dunlop, John, Wauwatosa, Wis.

Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdowne avenue, Toronto, Can.

Dunn, John, Detroit, Mich.

Durfee, Benj., 909 F street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

DuRie, W. B., Rahway, N. J.

Eadie, James, 297 Erie street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Edlefsen, Wm., 349 3d street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Eggert, Edw. E., 42 Whiting street, New Britain, Conn.

Eggling, Gustave, 1653 South Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Ehret, Fred, 1403 Fairmount avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa.

Eisele, C, nth and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J.

Elder, Andrew, Irvington, N. Y.

Ellinger, Edward, 49th and Walnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.

Ellis, F. M., 1316 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Ellison, A. Y., 3570 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine, Fla.

Elsass, Lewis, Chillicothe, Ohio.

England, D. D., Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M streets, N. E., Washington, D. C.

Esch, Albert F., 197 Center Market, Washington, D. C.

Eschner, B., 918 Filbert street, Care M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Ewaldt, Theo., Davenport, la.

Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Falck, Wm., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Falconer, Wm., Pittsburg, Pa.

Fehr, A. G., 220 East Main street, Belleville, 111.

Ferguson, Andrew, Detroit, Mich.

Ferrari, P., 202 University Park, San Francisco, Cal.

Fetters, E. A., 148 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Tampa, Fla.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

178 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Fleischer, G., 943 Clairmont avenue, Pueblo, Col.

Flemer, William, Springfield, N. J.

Fleming, H. Glenn, 819 Locust avenue, Fairmount, W. Va.

Florey, James, Medina, N. Y.

Fohn, Karl, Forester Keney Park, Hartford, Conn.

Foley, Philip J., 471 W. 22nd .'street, Chicago, 111.

Follwell, Fredk. S., Pittsfield, Mass.

Forbes, Jas., Portland, Oregon.

Ford, C. S., 15th and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Forester, Joseph, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Foster, F. J., 507 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown, N, Y.

Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

Freytag, William, 832 Forest Home avenue, Milwaukee. Wis.

Frow, Richard, 4206 Natural Bridge road, St. Louis, Mo.

French, Charles, 11 16 Hoyt street, Saginaw, Mich.

Fruck, Henry C, care Berry Bros., Detroit, Mich.

Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines street, Des Moines, Iowa.

Furrow, J. W., Guthrie, Okla.

Fry, L. L., P. O. Box 421, Le Roy, 111.

Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N. H.

Gaethje, Henry, Jr., 1607 2d avenue. Rock Island, 111.

Gardner, Richard, Carroll avenue, Newport, R. I.

Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines, 111.

Gause, G. R., Richmond, Ind.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 No. 6th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gelven, Chas. H., 4th street and Park avenue, Sedalia, Mo.

Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy, 111.

George, E. B., Painesville, Ohio.

Gerhardt, H. P., 2"] Waterloo court, Chicago, 111.

Gesner, Albert, Nora, 111.

Gibson, Wm. R., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Gillett, E. G., 113 E. 3rd street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Gipner, John, Niles, Mich.

Glaser, A. L., Windsor avenue, Dubuque, Iowa.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Col.

Glennie, George H., 3551 Park avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Goetz, Henry W. F., Saginaw, W. S., Mich.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw street, Saginaw, W. S., Mich.

Goldenson, Morris^ 229 W. 3rd street, Los Angeles, Cal.

Gonter, W. A., Rattle Crcfk. Mich.

Good, J. M., Springfield, Ohio.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 179

Graham, Geo. L., 57 Seward avenue, Bradford, Pa.

Grant, Frank, Macon, Ga.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.

Grause, G. A., Saginaw, Mich.

Grave, Vernon D., Richmond, Ind. ,

Greene, R. W., Warwick. R. 1.

Greene, Wesley, Des Moines, Iowa.

Greiner, A. G., 4419 Natural Bridge road, St. Louis, Mo.

Gregory, Ben., 1339 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Grey, Thomas J., 32 So. Market street, Boston, Mass.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, Newport, R. I.

Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ont.

Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, E. S., Mich.

Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N. Y.

Guillaume, Mrs. A., 501 Main street, La Crosse, Wis.

Guttman, A. J., 50 W. 29th street, New York, N, Y.

Guy, E. W., Belleville, 111.

Hadkinson, J. H., 6139 Gambleton place, St. Louis, Mo.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.

Hagemann, William, 55 Dey street, New York, N. Y.

Hagenburger, P., Hart street. Mentor, O.

Hahman, F.. Sta. F, 33d Ward, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Baltimore, Md.

Hall, Edw. P., Shelbyville, Ky.

Hall, Thos. H., 3910 Lyndale avenue, south, Minneapolis, Minn.

Hall, W. E., Clyde, Ohio.

Hall, Walter S., Osage, Iowa.

Halliday, Robt., 329 No. Charles street, Baltimore, Md.

Hallock, E. v., Queens, New York, N. Y.

Halstead. A. S., Belleville, 111.

Hammond, W. A., 107 E. Broad street, Richmond, Va.

Hampton, M. L., Orchard Park, New York, N. Y.

Hansen, Christ., 904 Dale street, St. Paul, Minn.

Hansen, Miss Eliese H., Catskill, N. Y.

Harbison, S. M., Danville, Ky.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, Iowa.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken, Pa.

Hart, Benno L., 77 Dare street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Hatcher, George S., Amsterdam, N. Y.

Hay, Albert T., Springfield, 111.

Hay, Arthur, Springfield, 111.

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa.

180 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Heinl, Fred G., 129 So. 7th street, Terre Haute, Ind.

Heiss, J. B., Dayton, Ohio.

Heite, Charles E., Kansas City, Mo.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus, Ohio.

Hellenthal, J. J., 32 E. Moler street, Columbus, Ohio.

Heller, Herbert, New Castle, Ind.

Heller, W. C, 36 Valley road, Montclair, N. J.

Helfrich, A., Burlington, Wis.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt street. New York, N. Y.

Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum street, Omaha, Neb.

Hendricks, C. W., The Templin Co., Calla, Ohio.

Henshaw, Samuel, W. New Brighton, N. Y.

Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison, N. J.

Herendeen, W. L., Geneva, N. Y.

Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster, Pa.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th street. New York, N. Y.

Herzog, Max, 6957 Scanlon avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Heyne, G. A., Dubuque, la.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind.

Hinchliffe, T., 506 Wisconsin street, Racine, Wis.

Hippard, E., Youngstown, Ohio.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Hoffman, Gustave, Huntsville, Ala.

Hoffmeister, August, 813 Elm street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Holding, M. G., 445 W. 67th street, Chicago, 111.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Holznagel, F., Highland Park, Detroit, Mich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport, Conn.

Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim, Pa.

Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.

Howard, John C, R. Rt. 2, Sta. D, Milwaukee, Wis.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Hune, C. H., Memphis, Tenn.

Hunnick, R., Newport, R. I.

Hunt, Chas., Box 258, Pt. Richmond. S. I., N. Y.

Hunt, F. G., Mt. Greenwood, 111.

Huss, J. F., 1 103 Asylum avenue, Hartford, Conn.

Jablonsky, A., Wellston, Mo.

Jacobs. Geo. W., Canton, 111.

Jackson, J. E., Gainesville, Ga.

Jansen. Edw., 112-116 W. i8th street, New York, N. Y.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad street, Providence, R. I.

Jensen, J. E., Care J. D. Thompson Carnation Co., Joliet, 111.

Jewett, A. J., Sparta, Wis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

Jewett, Miss Miriam, Sparta, Wis.

Johann, Henry, Collinsville, 111.

Johannsen, Charles, No. Milwaukee, Wis.

Johnson, Charles W., Kishwaukee street, Rockford, 111.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney avenue, Olean, N. Y.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl street, Providence, R. I.

Johnstone, Robt., 2361 No. 40th street, Chicago, 111.

Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa.

Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, Ohio.

Joy, T. C, Nashville, Tenn.

Juengel, Charles A., 1837-47 So. 14th street, St. Louis, Mo.

Juerjens, B., Peoria, 111.

Junge, H. H., Indianapolis, Ind.

Jurgens, August, 146 Herndon street, Chicago, 111.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R. I.

Kaden, H., Gainesville, Texas.

Kanst, E. A., South Park, Chicago, 111.

Karlstrom, Robert, South Orange, N. J.

Katzenstein, Otto, P. O. Box 353, Atlanta,^ Ga.

Keck, E. C, Washington, Iowa. \

Kegg, Robert, 452 Gordon avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Keith, Charles E., 76 Cottage street, Bridgeport, Conn.

Keitsch, Charles H., 270 Southampton street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Keller, Geo., 361-363 Herndon street, Chicago, 111.

Keller, J. M., 65th street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kelly, J. C, 606 Case street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Kelsey, Harlan P., Beacon Building. Boston, Mass.

Kenna, Dennis, 84 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Kennedy, Isaac, Westpark, Ohio.

Kennedy, W. A., C. C. Pollworth Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Kill, Leonard, Chicago, 111.

Klehm, Charles, Arlington Heights, 111.

Kletzley, Jos., Oakmont, Pa.

Klimmer, Jas. F., Oak Park, 111. ,

Klokner, A., Wauwatosa, Wis.

Knape, Herman, Mack and Bellevue avenues, Detroit, Mich.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass.

Knecht, Frank J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus, Ohio.

Kramer, F. H., 423 Centre Market, Washington, D. C.

Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kroeschel, W. L., 55 Erie street, Chicago, 111.

181

182 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Kromback, Charles, i8i 25th street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Krueger, August, Meadville, Pa.

Kuechenmeister, F., Carter avenue, Wichita, Kans.

Kuehne, Frank R., Box 383, Lake Geneva, Wis.

Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin, 111.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville, O.

Kurth, Robert C, care Colfax Ave. Floral Co., Denver, Col.

Labo, J., Joliet, 111.

Lager, John E., Summit, N. J.

Laisle, Christ., Keokuk, Iowa.

Lamb, Jas. M., Fayetteville, N. C.

Lambert, Peter, 1912 Woodland avenue, Des Moines, Iowa.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, Ohio.

Lambros, John G., 95 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Lang, Theo. J., 39th street and 6th avenue, New York, N. Y.

Lange, A., 51 Munroe street, Chicago, 111.

Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty street, Pittsburg, Pa.

Lanser, A. H., Wayne, Pa.

Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I., N. Y.

Limbach, Casper, 1929 Carson street, S. S., Pittsburg, Pa.

Lindsay, Wm. M., Birmingham, Ala.

Loechner, Chas., 31 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Loeffler, Albert, Watertown, Wis.

Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood avenue, Washington, D. C.

Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y.

Longren, A. F., Box 654, Lockport, 111.

Lonsdale, Edwin, Girard Coll., Philadelphia, Pa.

Lord, L. P., Owatonna, Minn.

Lorenz, Geo., Long Island City, N. Y.

Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa.

Lund, Christian, Warsaw, Wis.

MacRorie, D., South Orange, N. J.

Madsen, Wm., Govanstown, Md.

Magee, Thos., Scottwood avenue and Bancroft street, Toledo, Ohio.

Maguire, M. B., 21 Keep street, Madison, N. J.

Manda, Joseph A., South Orange, N. J.

Mangelsdorf, F. W., Atchison, Kans.

Manker, Frank, .Windsor terrace, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass.

Mansfield, Thos., Lockport, N. Y.

Mansfield, Wm. H., Lockport, N. Y.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 183

Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th street, Chicago, 111.

Maule, Wm. H., 171 1 Filbert street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Mauflf, A. E., 513 Clayton street, Denver, Colo.

McClure, Geo. W., 832 Delaware avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

McConnell, Alex., 546 5th avenue. New York, N. Y.

McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and Walnut streets, Cincinnati, Ohio.

McDonald, John, Farmer City, 111.

McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J.

McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

McLennan, Robt., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

McPheron, R. A., Litchfield, 111.

Meehan, S. Mendelson, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Meehan, Thos. B., Dreshertown, Pa.

Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Meinhardt, Miss Tillie, 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mense, F. G., Glen Cove, N. Y.

Merkel, John, Mentor, O.

Meyers, Felix H., care R. Craig & Son, 49th and Market streets, Phila., Pa.

Michell, H. F., 1018 Market street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ont.

Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar boulevard, St. Louis, Mo.

Miller, Wm., Lynn, Mass.

Millman, F. X., Green street station, Cumberland, Md.

Mills, C. D., Jacksonville, Fla.

Minder, Jacob, Washington, D. C.

Mitchell, H. R., Waterville, Me.

Mohr, R. J., 1220 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Moore, Frank L., Chatham, N. J.

Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley, Mass.

Montgomery, Alexander, Jr., Natick, Mass.

Montgomery, Robt., Natick, Mass.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa.

Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa.

Morris, Bernard, Maplewood avenue, Portsmouth, N. H. '

Morris, Henry, 216 E. Genesee street, Syracuse, N. Y.

Morse, Wm. Henry, Santa Barbara, Cal.

Mosbaek, Ludwig, Onarga, 111.

Moseley, E. A., Hess & Co., Sun Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Moss, C. A., Spartanburg, S. C.

Moss, I. H., Govanstown, Md.

Mott, Walter, Jamestown, N. Y.

184 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Mueller, Chas. P., Wichita, Kans.

Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Murphy, Wm., Station F, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo.

Myers, Hiram, Wellington, Kans.

Nagel, E., 818 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Nanz, C. G., Owensboro, Ky.

Nanz, Henry, 584 4th avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Naumann, G. M., Doan street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Nelson, Victor, 169 Main street, N. S., Oshkosh, Wis.

Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D.

Newell, Arthur, 24 W. 12th street, Kansas City, Mo.

Newman, J. R., Winchester, Mass.

Newsham, D., New Orleans, La.

Nicholson, Wm., Framingham, Mass.

Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, N. Y.

Obermeyer, Gustav, Parkersburg, W. Va.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga.

Olson, O. F., St. Paul, Minn.

Osternei, Leopold, New Rochelle, N. Y.

O'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain streets, Raleigh, N. C.

Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville, N. C.

Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer avenue, Chicago, 111.

Palmer, W. J., 304 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Papworth, H., New Orleans, La.

Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hartford, Conn.

Parker, John L., Birmingham, Ala.

Partridge, L. E., Chicago, 111.

Pastor, Geo., Huntington, Ind.

Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury, Mass.

Patthey, H. L., 2622 Clinton avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Pattison, Thos. J., Campbell avenue, West Haven, Conn.

Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, Toledo, Ohio.

Peck, S. N., Toledo, Ohio.

Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic street, Cleveland, Ohio.

Perkins, G. C, Newark, N. Y.

Perry, W. B., Cresco, Iowa.

Peterson, Andrew, Paxton. 111.

Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba, Mich.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry avenue, Westwood, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Peterson, Peter, 164 La Salle street, Chicago, 111.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 186

Peterson, Wm. A., Lincoln and Peterson avenues, Chicago, III,

Peterson, Swan, Gibson City, 111.

Pettigrew, J. A., Park Dept., Boston, Mass.

Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton, Wis.

Phelps, H. L., Springfield, 111.

Phillips, J. v., 2.12 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Pierce, L. B., Talmadge, Ohio.

Pierson, Lincoln, West Side avenue, Jersey City, N. J.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y.

Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell, Conn.

Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood, Mo.

Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains, N. Y.

Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown, N. Y.

Pieser, G. H., 44 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming street, San Francisco, Cal.

Piatt, Frank S., 376 State street. New Haven, Conn.

Plumb, Wm., Bedford Station, N. Y.

Poehlmann, August, 35 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Poehlmann, John, 35 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa

Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Milwaukee, Wis.

Ponnet, C, Alexandria, Va.

Ponting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville, Ohio.

Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka, Minn.

Price, Trail, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Columbia, S. C.

Rasmussen, Anders, New Albany, Ind.

Rea, Frederic J., Norwood, Mass.

Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla.

Reed, Wm. N., 122 W. 25th street. New York, N. Y.

Rehder, Wm., Wilmington, N. C.

Rehm, W., 806 Canal street. New Orleans, La.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I., N. Y.

Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Robey street, Chicago, 111.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry street, Allegheny, Pa.

Reish, Karl, 352 William street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, Iowa.

Reupke, Alb. H., P. O. Box 170, Lake Geneva, Wis.

Renter, S. J., Westerly, R. I.

Reutschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson street, Madison, Wis.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.

Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Rieger, Christian, 16 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

186 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Rieman, H. W., East and Main streets, Indianapolis, Ind.

Ringier, A., Woodlawn Point, Chicago, 111.

Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand avenue, Dayton, Ohio.

Robertson, Wm., care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown, Pa.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky.

Rock, W. L., 1 1 15 Walnut street, Kansas City.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa.

Rodgers, J. W., Station F, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. J.

Roehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th street. New York, N. Y.

Roethke, Carl L., S33 Washington street, Saginaw, Mich.

Roethke, Otto T., 3^3 Washington street, Saginaw, Mich.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa.

Roland, Thomas, Nahant, Mass.

Rolker, Jos. E., 31 Barclay street, New York, N. Y.

Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Roney, C. H., Jamestown, N. Y.

Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford, Conn.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood, 111.

Ruedlinger, C. N., 736 Broad street, Hartford, Conn.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne avenue, Chicago, 111.

Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.

Sackett, E. R., Fostoria, Ohio.

Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111.

Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont avenue, Chicago, 111.

Sandiford, Robt., Mansfield, Ohio.

Satterthwaite, John, 34th avenue and Downing street, Denver, Colo.

Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

SchlurafT, Vern L., Erie, Pa.

Schmeiske, H. C, Lenox, Mass.

Schmeling. Fred S., 372 Grove street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Schmidt, C. W., Springfield, Ohio.

Schmidt, Wm., 432 Main street, Johnstown, Pa.

Schmitt, Chas. A., Glenville, Ohio.

Schmutz, L., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Schnabel, A. M., 871 Elton avenue, New York, N. Y.

Schneider, A. H., Oak Park, 111.

Schoenfeld, Herman, 133 S. 17th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Schray, Emile, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Schray, Wm., 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Schueneman, Aiigust, Oconomowoc, Wis.

Schultheis, A.. College Pt., N. Y.

Schulz, Jacob, 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville, Ky.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 187

Schuiz, Johann C, O., West Nyack, N. Y.

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair avenue, Zanesville, Ohio.

Schvveiman, Henry C, Danvers, 111.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville, N. Y.

Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Del. Co., Pa.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Scott, David J., Balconi street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Scott, Geo. R., 116 S. Kedzie avenue, Chicago, 111.

Scott, John, Keap Street Greenhouses, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Scott, Philip, care Park Floral Co., Denver, Colo.

Scott, Wm., 546 Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Scale, Hugh, Birmingham, Ala.

Seele, H. D., Elkhart, Ind.

Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park, Baltimore, Md.

Shaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I streets, Washington, D. C.

Shanley, Jas., 216 W. 25th street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Shanks, C. L., 429 W. 7th street, Newton, Kans.

Shaw, E. R., Nashua, N. H.

Shaw, J. Austin, 2688 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Shilling, Howard M., Shillington, Berks. Co., Pa.

Sibson, J. F., McKean avenue, Germantown, Pa.

Siebenheiler, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36, Pt. Richmond, N. Y.

Siebert, Chas. T.. Stanton avenue, Station B, Pittsburg, Pa.

Siegel, A., 524 Washington avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Sim, Chas., Rosemont, Pa.

Simon, Chas., Jr., Wilmington, Del.

Simpson, Robt., Clifton, N. J.

Simpson, W. P., 15th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago, 111.

Skidelsky, S. S., 708 N. i6th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Small, Dan. E., Box 303, Kokomo, Ind.

Smely, Jos. M., 354 S. 4th street, Aurora, 111.

Smith, A. W., Boggs avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

Smith, F. C, Ashland, Wis.

Smith, Geo. W., Cleveland, Ohio.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Pt. Farms, Detroit, Mich.

Smith, Jas. F., Philadelphia, Pa.

Smith, Harry J., Maple street, Hinsdale, Mass.

Smith, Henry. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Smiith, H. P.. Piqua, Ohio.

Smith, Jos. F., 154 Main street, Norwich, Conn.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st street, Chicago, 111.

Sokal, Jos. J., 20ig Park avenue, Bridgeport, Conn.

Spiedel. Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis. *

188 PROCEEDINGS OP* TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Spinger, W. J., New Hampton, Iowa.
Staack, John, 2702 6th avenue, Moline, 111.
Stache, Herman C, 649 Second street, Manchester, N. H.
Stade, Wm., Glenville, Ohio.
Staeps, Herman, Elm Grove, Wis.
Stafford, Mrs. L. H., Marquette, Mich.
Stankowicz, Leonard J., Niles, Cook Co., 111.
Steidle, J., Central, Mo.

Steffens, Emil, 335 E. 21st street. New York, N. Y.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Iloboken, N. J.
Stevens, J. H., 45 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.
Stewart, Arthur, Elmwood Nursery, Winnipeg, Can.
Stiles, Geo. L., Oklahoma City, Okla.
Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton, Ohio.
Stork, Martin, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Columbia, S. C.
Stollery, Fred, 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago, 111.
Stollery, Geo., 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago, 111.
Stratford, R. C, 811 North street, Pittsfield, Mass.
Strohlein, Geo. A., Riverton, N. J.
Strong, O. H., Oil City, Pa.
Struck, Geo. F., Summit, N. J.
Stuebe, Wm. J., Watertown, Wis.
Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams street, Toledo, Ohio.
Sullivan, Norman, 214 Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Sunderbruch, Albert, 437 Main street, Cincinnati, O.
Suzuki, B., 31 Barclay street, New York, N. Y.
Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul, Minn.
Swartz, W. F., 240 Belair avenue, Baltimore, ,Md.
Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111.

Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 N. 24th street, Omaha, Neb.
Sykes, Geo., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
Symonds, W. T., Decorah, Iowa.
Taber, G. L., Glen Saint Mary, Fla.
Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street, Detroit, Mich.
Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa.
Taylor, Jas., Mt. Clemens, Mich.
Temple, J. T., Davenport, Iowa.
Thaden, Herman, Atlanta, Ga.
Then, Anton, 820 Larrabee street, Chicago, 111.
Thompson, J. D., Joliet, 111.
Thorne, A. L., 'Flushing, N. Y.
Tobler, H., Traverse City, Mich.
'Toole, Wm., Baraboo, Wis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 189

Traendly, Geo. H., Rowayton, Conn.

Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis.

Turnley, C. Wm., Haddonfield, N. J.

Turtle, Thos., Highland Park, 111.

Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood, Mo.

Valentine, J. A., Denver, Colo.

Valdejo, E., State and Hurst streets. New Orleans, La.

Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau street. New York, N. Y.

Van Lindley, J., Pomona, N. C.

Vatter, Geo., Marinette, Wis.

Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Vaughan, L. H., 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Vick, Chas. H., Rochester, N. Y.

Vidbourne, Jos., 109 Franklin avenue, Hartford, Conn.

Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh, Md.

Vincent, R. A., White Marsh, Md.

Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal street, New Orleans, La.

Waldbart, Geo., 516 N. Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Wallace, Alex, Rhinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y.

Wallace, S., 864 Delaware avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl, Mass.

Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road, Fall River, Mass.

Warnke, Ludwig, 696 Woodland avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch Crescent, Rochester, N. Y.

Washburn", Edwin A., Bloomington, 111.

Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington, 111.

Washburn, Geo. A., Bloomington, 111.

Wassermann, L., Muskegon, Mich.

Watson, Geo. C, Juniper and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Watson, Robt., 368 Townsend avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Webber, Wm., Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Weber, Wm., Oakland, Md.

Weber, Wm. E. F., S. Ashmun street, Sault Ste Marie, Mich.

Weeber, Chas. G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Welch, David, 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis street, Evanston, 111.

Weir, Fred, Senator street and Fifth avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Weir, John R., 324 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Welty, Horace G., care Cleveland Flo. Co., Cleveland, Ohio.-

Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Wessels, F. W., Aiken, S. C.

190 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

Wessels, Miss G. M., Aiken, S. C.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

Westcott, Wm. H., Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

Wetherbee, M. H., Charles City, Iowa.

Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.

White, Miss F. D., Lexington, Ky.

White, John, Pittsfield, Mass.

Whiting, A., Box 1058, Hartford, Conn.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Whitted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Wiegand, A., 1610 North Illinois street, Indianapolis, Ind.

Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis, Ind.

Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm street, Chicago, 111.

Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm street, Chicago, 111.

Wietor, Henry, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Wilcox, Ray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Will, O. A., 2405 19th avenue, north, Minneapolis, Minn.

Willius, John, Danville, 111.

Wilson, Amanda L., Montgomery, Ala.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs, 111.

Wincott, Wm., Babylon, N. Y.

Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Windmiller, Miss Pauline, loi Rhine street, Mankato, Minn.

Winter, Wm., North Taylor street, Kirkwood, Mo.

Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.

Wirth, Theo, Supt. Park Dept., Hartford, Conn.

Wittbold, Geo., 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago, 111.

Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson streets. Savannah, Ga.

Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 N. 19th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Wolfgang, Harry G., Leetonia, Ohio.

Wood, Hugh, 2204 State street, Chicago, 111.

Wood, John F., Mathewson street. Providence, R. I.

Worden, E., 19 Thayer street, Jamestown, N. Y.

Writz, Max, Milwaukee, Wis.

Wunder. John, Winona, Minn.

Yates, Walter N., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.

York, A. M., Hancock, Mich.

Young, Henry, Ada, Ohio.

Young, Henry, 551 1 Waterman street, St. Louis, Mo.

Zeller, Alfred, Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Zender, A., 3529 Ridge avenue, Chicago, 111.

Zimmerman, J. P., Dixmont, Allegheny Co., Pa.

Zvolanek, Ant. C, Grand View, Somerset Co., N. J.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 191

LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES.

ALABAMA.

Miss Amy K. Luffman, Birmingham,|Vice-President.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen.
Hoffman, Gustave, Huntsville.
Lindsay, Wm. M., Birmingham.
Luffman, Miss Amy K., Birmingham.
Parker, John L., Birmingham.
Seale, Hugh, Birmingham.
Wilson, Amanda L., Montgomery.

CALIFORNIA.

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park.

Coleman, Waters, Grass Valley.

Ferrari, P., 202 University park, San Francisco.

Goldenson, Morris, 229 W. 3d street, Los Angeles.

Morse, Wm. Henry, Santa Barbara.

Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming street, San Francisco.

COLORADO.

J. A. Valentine, Denver, Vice-President.

Benson, N. A., 1360 So. Sherman street, Denver.

Boldt, Bernhard, Harris Station, Adams Co.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia street, Colorado Springs.

Fleischer, G., 943 Clairmont avenue, Pueblo.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair.

Kurth, Robt. C, care Colfax Avenue Floral Co., Denver.

Mauff, A. E., 513 Clayton street, Denver.

Satterthwaite, John, 34th avenue and Downing street, Denver.

Scott, Philip, care Park Floral Co., Denver.

Valentine, J. A., Denver.

192 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

CONNECTICUT.
Theodore Wirth, Hartford, Vice-President.

Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk avenue. New London.

Cliampion, J. N., New Haven.

Coombs, John, Benton street, Hartford.

Cumming, Alex., 188 Hawthorn street, Hartford.

Eggert, Edw. E., 42 Whiting street. New Britain.

Fohn, Karl, Forester Keney Park, Hartford.

Head, Thos. W., Groton.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport.

Huss, J. F., 1 103 Asylum avenue, Hartford.

Keith, Chas. E., 76 Cottage street, Bridgeport.

Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hartford.

Pattison, Thos. J., Campbell avenue. West Haven.

Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell.

Piatt, Frank S., 376 State street. New Haven.

Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford.

Ruedlinger, C. N., "jz^ Broad street, Hartford.

Smith, Jos. F., 154 Main street, Norwich.

Sokal, Jos. J., 2019 Park avenue, Bridgeport.

Traendly, Geo. H., Rowayton.

Vidbourne, Jos., 109 Franklin avenue, Hartford.

Whiting, A., Box 1058, Hartford.

Wirth, Theo., Supt. Park Dept., Hartford.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Geo. C. Shaffer, Washington, Vice-President.

Barry, J. J., 1913 New Hampshire avenue, Washington.

Bauer, Otto, 719 14th street, Washington.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington.

Clark, John, Botanic Garden, Washington.

Cooke, Geo. H., Conn, avenue and L street, Washington.

Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington.

Durfee, Benj., 909 F street, N. W., Washington.

Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M streets, N. E., Washington.

Esch, Albert F., 197 Centre Market, Washington.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th street, N. W., Washington.

Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F street, Washington.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 193

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— Continued.

Gude, William F., 1224 F street, Washington.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th street, N. W., Washington.

Kramer, F. H., 423 Centre Market, Washington.

Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood avenue, Washington.

McLennan, Robt., Department of Agriculture, Washington.

Minder, Jacob, Washington.

Moseley, E. A., Hess & Co., Sun Building, Washington.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington.

Shaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I streets, Washington.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington.

DELAWARE.
Simon, Chas., Jr., Wilmington.

FLORIDA.
W. J. Ellsworth, Jessamine, Vice-President.

Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Tampa.

Mills, C. D., Jacksonville.

Reasoner, E. W., Oneco.

Taber, G. L., Glen Saint Mary.

GEORGIA.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta.

Grant, Frank, Macon.

Jackson, J. E., Gainesville.

Katzenstein, Otto, P. O. Box 353, Atlanta.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah.

Thaden, Herman, Atlanta.

Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson streets. Savannah.

194 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

ILLINOIS.

p. J, Hauswirth, Chicago ; J. F. AMMANN,Edwardsville, Vice-Presidents.

Amling, Albert F., Box 646, Maywood.

Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph street, Chicago.

Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville.

Asmus, Geo., 897 Madison avenue, Chicago.

Baer, Henry, R. F. D. No. 3, Peoria.

Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago.

Baird, O. L., Dixon.

Bailer, F. A., Bloomington.

Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn street, Chicago.

Beal, Alvin C, University of Illinois, Urbana.

Benson, A. C, Hinsdale.

Brown, C. C, Springfield.

Bruns, H. N., 1409 Madison street, Chicago.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.

Chalfant, W. A., Springfield.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph street, Chicago.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Degnan, John, care E. F. Winterson Co., 45-47 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Dickinson, C. M., W. Taylor and The River, Chicago.

Fehr, A. G., 220 East Main street, Belleville.

Foley, Philip J., 471 W. 22nd street, Chicago. ,

Forester, Joseph, 51 Wabash avenue. Chicago.

Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago.

Fry, L. L., P. O. Box 421, Le Roy. / ■

Gaethje, Henry, Jr., 1607 2d avenue. Rock Island.

Garland. Geo. M., Desplaines.

Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.

Gerhardt, H. P., 27 Waterloo court, Chicago.

Gesner, Albert, Nora.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago.

Guy, E. W., Belleville.

Halstead, A. S., Belleville.

Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet.

Hauswirth, P. J., 227 Michigan avenue; Chicago. _ ;

Hay, Albert T., Springfield.

Hay, Arthur, Sprihgfield.

Holding, M. G., 445 W. 67th street, Chicago.

Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 195

ILLINOIS— Conimtted

Hunt, F. G., Mt. Greenwood.

Jacobs, Geo. W., Canton.

Jensen, J. E., care J. D. Thompson Carnation Co., Joliet.

Johann, Henry, Collinsville.

Johnson, Chas. W., Kishwaukee street, Rockford.

Johnstone, Robt., 2361 No. 40th street, Chicago.

Juerjens, B., Peoria.

Jurgens, August, 146 Herndon street, Chicago.

Kanst, E. A., South Park, Chicago.

Keller, Geo., 361-363 Herndon street, Chicago.

Kenna, Dennis, 84 Randolph street, Chicago.

Kill, Leonard, Chicago.

Klehm, Chas., Arlington Heights.

Klimmer, Jas. F., Oak Park.

Kroeschel, W. L., 55 Erie street, Chicago.

Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin.

Labo, J., Joliet.

Lambros, John G., 95 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Lange, A., 51 Munroe street, Chicago.

Longren, A. F., Box 654, Lockport.

Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th street, Chicago.

McDonald, John, Farmer City.

McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

McPheron, R. A., Litchfield.

Mosbaek, Ludwig, Onarga.

Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer avenue. Chicago.

Partridge, L. E., Chicago.

Peterson, Andrew, Paxton.

Peterson, Peter, 164 La Salle street, Chicago.

Peterson, Swan, Gibson City.

Peterson, Wm. A., Lincoln and Peterson avenues, Chicago.

Phelps, H. L., Springfield.

Pieser, G. H., 44 Randolph street, Chicago.

Poehlmann, August, 35 Randolph street, Chicago.

Poehlmann, John, 35 Randolph street, Chicago.

Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Robey street, Chicago.

Ringier. A., Woodlawn Point, Chicago.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne avenue. Chicago.

Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan avenue, Chicago.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont avenue, Chicago.

Schneider, A. H., Oak Park.

196 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

ILLINOIS— Conhm^gc^

Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph street, Chicago.

Scott, Geo. R., 116 So. Kedzie avenue, Chicago.

Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago.

Smely, Jos. M., 354 So. 4th street, Aurora.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st street, Chicago.

Staack, John, 2702 6th avenue, Moline.

Stankowicz, Leonard J., Cook Co., Niles.

Stevens, J. H., 45 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Stollery, Fred, 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago.

Stollery, Geo., 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst.

Then, Anton, 820 Larrabee street, Chicago.

Thompson, J. D., Joliet.

Turtle, Thos., Highland Park.

Vaughan.J; C, 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago.

Vaughan, L. H., 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago.

Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Washburn, Edwin A., Bloomington.

Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington.

Washburn, Geo. A., Bloomington.

Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis street, Evanston.

Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm street, Chicago.

Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm street, Chicago.

Wietor, Henry, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Willius, John, Danville.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs.

Wittbold, Geo., 1657 Buckingham Place, Chicago.

Wood, Hugh, 2204 State street, Chicago.

Zender, A., 3529 Ridge avenue, Chicago.

INDIANA.

Herman Junge, IndianapoHs, Vice-President.

Benthey, F. F., New Castle.

Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis.

Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts avenue, Indianapolis.

Biggs, Mrs. F. Norton, Crown Point.

Billingsley. Wm., Indianapolis.

PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION 197

INDIANA— Conimued

Blackman, Wm., Evansville.

Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.

Carmody, J. D., Evansville.

Coles, W. W., Kokomo.

Dorner, F. E., Lafayette.

Dorner, Fred, Lafayette.

Dorner, Theo. A., Lafayette.

Evans, J. A., Richmond.

Gause, G. R., Richmond.

Grave, Vernon D., Richmond.

Heinl, Fred G., 129 South 7th street. Terra Haute.

Heller, Herbert, New Castle.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.

Junge, H. H., Indianapolis.

Knecht, Frank J., Fort Wayne.

Pastor, Geo., Huntington.

Rasmussen, Anders, New Albany.

Riem?n, H. W., East and Main streets, Indianapolis.

Seele, H. D., Elkhart.

Small, Dan. E., Box 303, Kokomo.

Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne.

Wiegand, A., 1610 North Illinois street, Indianapolis.

Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis.

IOWA.

W. B. Perry, Cresco, Vice-President.

.Mlison, R. G., Davenport.

Bather, John R., Clinton.

Christiany, John, Sheldon.

Ewaldt, Theo., Davenport.

Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines street, Des Moines.

Glaser. A. L., Windsor avenue, Dubuque.

Greene, Wesley, Des Moines.

Hall. Walter S., Osage.

Harkett. W. A., Dubuque.

Heyne, G. A., Dubuque.

Keck, E. C, Washington.

Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids.

198 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

lOWA~Co}tti?iued

Laisle, Christ., Keokuk.

Lambert, Peter, 1912 Woodland avenue, Des Moines.

Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge.

Perry, W. B., Cresco.

Rennison, J. C, Sioux City.

Spinger, W. J., New Hampton.

Symonds, W. T., Decorah.

Temple, J. T., Davenport.

Wetherbee, M. H., Charles City.

Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs.

Wilcox, Ray, Council Bluffs.

KANSAS.
A. H. Whitcomb, Lawrence, Vice-President.

Kuechenmeister, F., Carter avenue, Wichita.

Mangelsdorf, F. W., Atchison.

Mueller, Chas. P., Wichita.

Myers, Hiram, Wellington.

Shanks, C. L., 429 W. 7th street, Newton.

Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence.

KENTUCKY.

S. M. Harbison, Danville, Vice-President.

Baumer, Aug. R., 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville.

Coenen, Joseph, 2204 Von Borries avenue, Louisville.

Hall, Edw. P., Shelbyville.

Harbison, S. M., Danville.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High street, Louisville.

Nanz, C. G., Owensboro.

Nanz, Henry, 584 4th avenue, Louisville.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville.

Schulz, Fred Louis, 1325 East Broadway, Louisville.

Schulz, Jacob, 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville.

Walker, H. G., 644 4th avenue, Louisville.

White. Miss F. D., Lexington.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 199

LOUISIANA.
H. Papworth, New Orleans, Vice-President.

Chopin, P. A., 8th and Magazine streets, New Orleans.
Cook, Henry, 7417 Pearl street, New Orleans.
Cook, M., 143 Baronne street, New Orleans.
Newsham, D., New Orleans.
Papworth, H., New Orleans.
Rehm, W., 806 Canal street, New Orleans.
Valdejo, E., State and Hurst streets, New Orleans.
Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal street, New Orleans.

MAINE.
H. R. Mitchell, Waterville, Vice-President.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland.
Mitchell, H. R., Waterville.

MARYLAND.

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown.

Bester, William, 205 South Potomac street, Hagerstown.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles street, Baltimore.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Baltimore.

Halliday, Robert, 329 North Charles street, Baltimore.

Madsen. Wm., Govanstown.

Millman, F. X., Green Street Station, Cumberland. .

Moss, I. H., Govanstown.

Seybold, Charles L., Patterson Park, Baltimore.

Swartz, W. F., 240 Belair avenue, Baltimore.

Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh.

Vincent. R. A., White Marsh.

Weber, William, Oakland.

MASSACHUSETTS.

L. Brague, Hinsdale, Vice-President.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale.
Anderson, William F., Waltham.
Bellows, Charles A., Adamsdale.

200 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

MASSACHUSETTS— C^w/mw^^

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham.

Carlquist, Sigurd W., Shadow Brook, Lenox,

Collins, Thomas, Hinsdale.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford street, Charlestown.

Edgar, William W., Waverley.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland street, Roxbury.

Farquhar, James F. M., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston.

Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston.

Follwell, Frederick S., Pittsfield.

Fuller, J., Leominster.

Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont street, Boston.

Grey, Thomas J., 32 South Market street, Boston.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston.

Kelsey, Harlan P., Beacon Building, Boston.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville.

Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox.

Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Building, Boston.

Mathison, 'Fred. R., Waltham.

Miller, William, Lynn.

Molloy, William F., Wellesley.

Montgomery, Alexander, Natick.

Montgomery, Alexander, Jr., Natick.

Montgomery, Robert, Natick. . '

Newman, J. R., Winchester.

Nicholson, William, Framingham.

Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury.

Pettigrew, J. A., Park Department, Boston.

Rea, Frederic J., Norwood.

Roland, Thomas, Nahant.

Schmeiske, H. C, Lenox.

Smith, Harry J.. Maple street, Hinsdale.

Stewart, William J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston.

Stratford, R. C, 811 North street, Pittsfield.

Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl.

Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road. Fall River.

Welch, David, 15 Province street, Boston.

Welch, P., IS Province street, Boston.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 201

MASSACHUSETTS— Co«//«7/^^

Welch, E. J., 15 Province street, Boston.

White, John, Pittsfield.

Williams, Frederick H., Waltham.

MICHIGAN.

W. C. Cook, Kalamazoo; G. F. Crabb, Grand Rapids, Vice-Presidents.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit.

Beard, F. H., 1248 West Fort street, Detroit.

Bissinger, J. A., Lansing.

Boehringer, Albert G., Bay City.

Boehringer, R. G., Bay City.

Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami avenues, Detroit.-

Briscoe, J. A., 1002 South Union avenue, Detroit.

Brown, T. F., Greenfield.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens.

Cohn, Mrs. L. Engelman, Manistee.

Cook, W. C, Kalamazoo.

Crabb, George F., 509 Madison avenue. Grand Rapids.

Derthick, C. B., Main street, Ionia.

Dilger, William, 26 Miami avenue, Detroit.

Dunn, John, Detroit.

Ferguson, Andrew, Detroit.

French, Charles, 11 16 Hoyt street, Saginaw.

Fruck, TIenry J., care Berry Bros., Detroit.

Gipner, John, Niles.

Goetz, Henry W. F., Saginaw, West Side,

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw street, Saginaw, West Side.

Gonter, W. A., Battle Creek.

Grause, G. A., Saginaw.

Grohman, E. A., Saginaw. East Side.

Holznagcl, F., Highland Park, Detroit.

Klagge, Robert, Mt. Clemens.

Knape, Herman, Mack and Bellevue avenues, Detroit.

Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba.

Rackham, George A., 880 Vandyke avenue, Detroit.

Reynolds, George, Grosse Point Farms.

Roethke, Carl L., 333 Washington street, Saginaw.

202 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

MICHIGAN— Conhm/e^

Roethke, Otto T., 333 Washington street, Saginaw.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point Farms, Detroit.

Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids.

Stafford, Mrs. L. H., Marquette.

Sullivan, Norman, 214 Woodward avenue, Detroit.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward avenue, Detroit.

Taepke, Gus. H., 450 Elmwood avenue, Detroit.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street, Detroit.

Taylor, James, Mt. Clemens.

Thieman, H., Owosso.

Tobler, H., Traverse City.

Wassermann, L., Muskegon.

Watson, Robert, 368 Townsend avenue, Detroit.

Weber, William E. F., South Ashmun street, Sault Ste Marie.

York, A. M., Hancock.

MINNESOTA.
O. A. Will, Minneapolis, Vice-President.

Berry, Frank, Stillwater.

Bunde, A. H., 249 Maria avenue, St. Paul.

Busch, Fred, Lyndale avenue and 50th street, south, Minneapolis.

Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea.

Glennie, George H., 3551 Park avenue, Minneapolis.

Hall, Thomas H., 3910 Lyndale avenue, south, Minneapolis.

Hansen, Christ., 904 Dale street, St. Paul.

Lord, L. P., Owatonna.

Nagel, E., 818 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis.

Olson, O. F., St. Paul.

Patthey, H. L., 2622 Clinton avenue, Minneapolis.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka.

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul.

Whitted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet avenue. Minneapolis.

Will, O. A., 2405 19th avenue, north, Minneapolis.

Windmiller, Miss Pauline, loi Rhine street, Mankato.

Wunder, John, Winona.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 203

MISSOURI.
Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill; C. A. Juengel, St. Louis, Vice-Presidents

Adds, William F., Jr., 315 North Grand avenue, St. Louis.

Barbe, A., 15th and Lawndale streets, Kansas City.

Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive street, St. Louis.

Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine street, St. Louis.

Bentzen, Adolph J., 4025 Marcus avenue, St. Louis.

Beyer, Carl, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis.

Beyer, Robert, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis.

Brix, Adolph, 1403 St. Louis avenue, St. Louis.

Brovi^n, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City.

Butterfield, M., Farmington.

Cahill, P. J., Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co., St. Louis.

Connon, J. M., 4248 Olive street, St. Louis.

Denker, Edwin, St. Charles.

Dunford, James W., R. R. No. i, Clayton.

Eggling, Gustave, 1653 South Grand avenue, St. Louis.

Ellis, F. M., 1316 Pine street, St. Louis.

Ellison, A. Y., 3570 Olive street, St. Louis.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska avenue, St. Louis.

Foster, F. J., 507 Olive street, St. Louis.

Frow, Richard, 4206 Natural Bridge road, St. Louis.

Gelven, Charles H., 4th street and Park avenue, Sedalia.

Greiner, A. G., 4419 Natural Bridge road, St. Louis.

Hadkinson, J. H., 6139 Gambleton place, St. Louis.

Heite, Charles E., Kansas City.

Herzog, Max, 6957 Scanlon avenue, St. Louis.

Jablonsky, A., Wellston.

Juengel, Charles A., 1837-47 South 14th street, St. Louis.

Kellogg, George M., Pleasant Hill.

Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant avenue, St. Louis.

Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant avenue, St. Louis.

Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Mcinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis.

Meinhardt, Miss Tillie, 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis.

Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar boulevard, St. Louis.

Mohr, R. J?;^ 1220 Olive street, St. Louis.

Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City.

Newell, Arthur, 24 West 12th street, Kansas City.

Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood.

Rock, W. L., 1 1 15 Walnut street, Kansas City.

204 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

M I S S O U R I— C^«/'z>n<'^^

Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar avenue, St. Louis.

Schray, Emile, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis.

Schray, William, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis.

Siegel, A., 524 Washington avenue, St. Louis.

Steidle, J., Central.

Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St. Louis.

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis.

Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood.

Waldbart, George, 516 North Grand avenue, St. Louis.

Waldbart, Alexander,, 3542 Lawton avenue, St. Louis.

Weber, F. C., 4326 Olive street, St. Louis.

Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive street, St. Louis.

Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore avenue, St. Louis.

Winter, William, North Taylor street, Kirkwood.

Young, Henry, 551 1 Waterman street, St. Louis.

NEBRASKA.

Lewis Henderson, Omaha, Vice-President.

Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum street, Omaha.
Swoboda, George H., 5807 North 24th street, Omaha.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.
E. R. Shaw, Nashua, Vice-President.

Chase, Benjamin, Derry.

Gaedeke, August, Nashua.

Morris, Bernard, Maplewood avenue, Portsmouth.

Shaw, E. R., Nashua.

Stache, Herman C, 649 Second street, Manchester,

NEW JERSEY.

W. ,B. DuRiE, Rahway, Vice-President.

Asmus, Adolph E., West Hoboken.

Asmus, Rudolph, Bogota.

Bottomley, Robert, Sen. Dryden Estate, Bernardsville.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 205

NEW JERSEY— C^«//«/^^^

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hi]].

Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange.

DuRie, W. B., Rahway.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton.

Esler, Jolin G., Saddle River.

Flemer, William, Springfield.

Heller, W. C, 36 Valley road, Montclair.

Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison.

Herrington, A., Madison.

Karlstrom, Robert, South Orange.

Lager, John E., Summit.

Leuly, E., West Hoboken.

MacRorie, D., South Orange.

Maguire, M. B., 21 Keep street, Madison.

Manda, Joseph A., South Orange.

May, J. N., Summit.

McMahon, Frank, Seabright.

Moore, Frank L., Chatham. *

O'Mara, P., Grand street, Jersey City.

Pierson, Lincoln, West Side avenue, Jersey City.

Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford.

Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford.

Simpson, Robert, Clifton.

SteinhofT, Herman C, West Hoboken.

Strohlein, George A., Riverton.

Struck, George F., Summit.

Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield.

Zvolanek, Ant. C. Grand View, Somerset County.

NEW YORK.
Benjamin Hammond, Fishkill; C. H. Keitsch, Buffalo, Vice-Presidents.

Allen, R. W., Hudson. '

Armitage, Charles, 23s Mercer street, New York.

Barry, William C, Rochester.

Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius street, Syracuse.

Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley street, Buffalo.

Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avenues, Woodhaven.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. L

Boddington. A. T., 342 West 14th street, New York.

206 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

NEW YORK— Coniinued

Boettger, R. E., Egertsville.

Braik, James, 1203 Elmwood avenue, Buffalo.

Bunyard, Harry A., 812 Greenwich street, New York.

Burgevin, David, Pearl St., Kingston.

Burgevin, George, Pearl street, Kingston.

Burnham, William A., Irvington.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside.

Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes.

Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich street, New York.

Cowee, Arthur, Berlin.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo.

Creed, James, 20 Swift street. Auburn.

Crowe, Peter, 810 Genesee street, Utica.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York.

Dailledouzc, Eugene. Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Dean, David A., Freeport.

Dean, James, Freeport.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Building, New York.

Demeusy, A., Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

Devoy, Peter T.. Poughkeepsie.

Dickinson, George E., i Broadway, New York.

Donald, William, Cold Spring Harbor.

Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. L

Dorval, Victor S., Woodside.

Dorval, Victor S., Jr., Woodside.

Elder, Andrew, Irvington.

Florey, James, Medina.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.

Guenther, Charles T., Hamburg.

Guttman, A. J., 50 West 29th street. New York.

Hagemann, William, 55 Dey street, Nt^w York.

Hallock. E. v., Queens. New York.

Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill.

tiampton, M. L., Orchard Park.

Hansen, Miss Eliese H., Catskill.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson.

Hatcher, George S., Amsterdam.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 20'

NEW \OK^—Co}ttinued

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt street, New york.

Henshaw, Samuel, West New Brighton.

Herendeen, W. L., Geneva.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 East 34th street, New York. '

Hunt, Charles, Box 258, Port Richmond, S. I.

Jansen, Edw., 112-116 West i8th street, New York.

Johnson, JVfrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney avenue, Olean.

Kasting, W. F., 383 Ellicott street, Buffalo.

Keitsch, Charles H., 270 Southampton street, Buffalo.

Keller, J. M., 65th street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn.

Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush.

Kretschmar, J. F., 22,^ Lincoln road, Flatbush.

Krick, W. C. 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn.

Kromback, Charles, 181 25th street, Brooklyn.

Lang, Theodore J., 39th street and 6th avenue, New. York.

Langjahr, A. H., 55 West 28th street. New York.

Lenker, Charles, Freeport, L. L

Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay street, New York.

Long, D. B., Buffalo.

Lorenz, George, Long Island City.

Manker, Frank, Windsor terrace, Brooklyn. ■ .

Mansfield, Thomas, Lockport. .

Mansfield, William H., Lockport.

McClure, George W., 823 West Delaware avenue, Buffalb.

McConnell, Aiex., 546 5th avenue. New York. ■

MelHs, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn. - ^

Mense. F. G., Glen Cove. ■ . •

Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn.

Morris, Henry, 216 East Genesee street, Syracuse.

Mott, Walter, Jamestown.

Newbold, Frederic R., Poughkeepsie.

Nilsson, William, Woodlawn.

Nugent. John B., Jr., 42 West 28th street. New York.

Oesternei. Leopold, New Rochelle.

Palmer, W. J., 304 Main street, Buffalo.

Perkins, G. C, Newark.

Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton street, Brooklyn.

Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough.

Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains.

Plumb, William, Bedford Station.

208

PROCEEDINGS . OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

NEW YORK— Continued

Powell, I. L., Millbrook.

Raynor, John I., 49 West 28th street, New York.

Reed, William N., 122 West 25th street, New York.

Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I.

Reish, Karl, 352 William street, Buffalo.

Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay street. New York.

Roehrs, Theo., 511 East 176th street. New York.

Rolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay street. New York.

Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay street, New York.

Roney, C. H., Jamestown.

Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York.

Schniut^, L., Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Schnabel, A. M., 871 Elton avenue, New York.

Schultheis, .A.., College Point.

Schulz, Johann C. O., West Nyack.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville.

Scott, David J., Balcom street, Buffalo.

Scott, John, Keap Street Greenhouses, Brooklyn.

Scott, William, 546 Balcom street, Buffalo.

Shanley, James, 216 West 25th street, Brooklyn.

Shaw, J. Austin, 2688 Broadway, New York.

Sheridan, W. F., 39 West 28th street, New York.

Siebenheller, William H., P. O. Box 36, Port Richmond.

Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle.

Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. I. City.

Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st street, New York.

Suzuki, B., 31 Barclay street, New York.

Sykes, George, 1133 Broadway, New York.

Thorne, A. L., Flushing.

Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar street. New York.

Traendly, Frank H., 44 West 28th street. New York.

Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau street, New York.

Vick, Chas. H., Rochester.

Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander Building, New York. '

Wallace. S., 864 Delaware avenue, Buffalo.

Ward, C. W., Queens.

Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch crescent, Rochester.

Webber, William, Balcom street, Buffalo.

Weeber, Charles G., a Buckingham road, Brooklyn.

Weir, Fred, Senator street and Fifth avenue, Brooklyn.

Weir, John R., 324 Fulton street, Brooklyn.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 209

NEW \OKK—Continugd

Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York.
Wincott, William, Babylon.
Worden, E., 19 Thayer street, Jamestown.
Young, John, 51 West 28th street. New York.
Zeller, Alfred, Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

NORTH CAROLINA.

James M. Lamb, Fayetteville, Vice-President.

Arthur, G. S., Biltmore.

Brown, E. E., Asheville.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte street, Asheville.

Deake. J. W. C, Asheville.

Lamb, James M., Fayetteville.

O'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain streets, Raleigh.

Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville.

Rehder, William, Wilmington.

Van Lindley, J., Pomona. ,

OHIO.

E. George, Painesville ; H. M. Altick, Dayton,Vice-Presidents.

Altick, H. M., 1 123 North Main street, Dayton.

Bartels, F. C, Lake avenue, Cleveland.

Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton street, Toledo.

Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges street, Mansfield.

Betscher, C, Canal Dover.

Coe, A. M., North Olmsted.

Cunningham, Joseph H., 325 West Williams street, Delaware.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania.

Eadie, James, 297 Erie street, Cleveland.

Elsass, Lewis, Chillicothe.

Fetters, E. A., 148 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

Gasser, J. M., loi Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

George, E. B., Painesville.

Gillett, E. G., 113 East 3d street, Cincinnati.

Good, J. M., Springfield.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

210 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

O H J O — Continued

Graham, C. J., Cleveland.

Hagenburger, P., Hart street, Mentor.

Hall, W. E., Clyde.

Hart, Benno L., 97 Dare street, Cleveland.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit street, Cleveland.

Heinl, George A., Z2,7 Summit street, Toledo.

Heiss, J. B., Dayton.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus.

Hellenthal, J. J., 32 East Moler street, Columbus.

Hendricks, C. W., The Templin Co., Calla.

Hippard, E., Youngstown.

Hoffmeister, August. 813 Elm street, Cincinnati.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville.

Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala.

Kegg, Robert, 452 Gordon avenue, Cleveland.

Kelly, J. C, 606 Case street, Cleveland.

Kennedy, Isaac, Westpark.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance.

Magee, Thomas, Scottwood avenue and Bancroft street, Toledo.

Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 30 Holt street, Dayton.

Maynard, C. H., 30 Holt street, Dayton.

McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut street, Cincinnati.

McCullough, J. Charles, 2d and Walnut streets. Cincinnati.

Merkel. John, Mentor.

Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati.

Murphy, William, Station F, Cincinnati.

Naumann, G. M., Doan street, Cleveland.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, Toledo.

Peck, S. N., Toledo.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic street, Cleveland.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry avenue, Westwood, Cincinati.

Pierce, L. B., Talmadge.

Pouting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville,

Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand avenue, Dayton.

Rodgers, J. W., Station F, Cincinnati.

Sackett, E. R., Fostoria.

Sandiford. Robert, Mansfield.

Schmidt, C. W., Springfield.

Schmitt, Charles A., Glenville.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 211

OmO—Contimted

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair avenue, Zanesville.

Smith, George W., Cleveland.

Smith, H. P., Piqua.

Stade, William, Glenville.

Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton.

Suder, Mrs. E., 222> Adams street, Toledo.

Sunderbruch, Albert, 437 Main street, Cincinnati.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin.

Warnke, Ludwig, 696 Woodland avenue, Cleveland.

Welty, Horace G., care Cleveland Flo. Co., Cleveland.

Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville.

Wolfgang, Harry G., Leetonia.

Young, Henry, Ada.

OKLAHOMA.

Furrow, J. W., Guthrie.

Stiles, George L., Oklahoma City.

OREGON.

Forbes, James, Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA.

John Westcott, Philadelphia; Gustav Ludwig, Allegheny, Vice-Presidents

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario street, Philadelphia.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock.

Baker, W. J., 143.0 South Penn square, Philadelphia.

Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia.

Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th street, Philadelphia.

Beam, David, Bala P. O., Philadelphia.

Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank Building. Pittsburg.

212 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

PENNSYLVANIA— C-^«//««^^

Becker, Jacob, 5278 Market street, Philadelphia.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield.

Berkowitz, Paul, 56 North 4th street, Philadelphia.

Blind, George D., Westview.

Blind, H. L., Westview.

Burki, Fred., Bellevue, Allegheny Co.

Burpee, W. Atlee, sth and Willow streets, Philadelphia.

Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

ButzK George C, State College, Centre Co.

Byer, Charles A., Chambersburg.

Campbell, Edward, Ardmore.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove.

Connor. D. T., 588 Elmwood avenue, Philadelphia.

Cotter, Lawrence, Danville.

Craig, George, 211 South nth street, Philadelphia.

Craig, Robert. 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia.

Craig. W. P.. 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia.

Demas, P. J., 288 Diamond street, Pittsburg.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Ehret, Fred, 1403 Fairmount avenue, Philadelphia.

Eichholz. Henry, Waynesboro.

Eisele, C, nth and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia.

Ellinger, Edward. 49th and Walnut streets, Philadelphia.

Eschner, B., 918 Filbert street, care M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia.

Farenwold, Adolph, Roslyn P. O., Hillside.

Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia.

Falck, William, 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Falconer, William, Pittsburg.

Ford, C. S.. 15th and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 North 6th street, Philadelphia.

Gibson, William R., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Graham, George L., 57 Seward avenue, Bradford.

Hahman, F.. Station F. 33d Ward, Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 213

PENNSYLVANIA— (:7^«//««<r^

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.

Herr, AIBert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster.

Hostetter, Abraham. Manheim.

Jones, S. Morris, West Grove.

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Kletzley, Joseph, Oakmont.

Krueger, August, Meadville.

Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty street, Pittsburg.

Lanser, A. H., Wayne.

Limbach, Casper, 1929 Carson street. South Side, Pittsburg.

Lonsdale, Edwin, Girard College.

Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny Market, Allegheny.

Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny.

Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny.

Maule, William H., 171 1 Filbert street, Philadelphia.

Meehan, S. Mendelson, Germantown, Philadelphia.

Meehan, Thomas B., Dreshertown.

Meyers, Felix H., care R. Craig & Son, 49th and Market streets, Fhila.

Michell, H. F., 1018 Market street, Philadelphia.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville.

Moon, W. H., Morrisville.

Murdoch, A. M., 510 Smithfield street, Pittsburg.

Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert streets, Philadelphia.

Paul, Oglesby, 220 South 4th street, Philadelphia.

Pennock, J. L. 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia.

Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead street, Philadelphia.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry street, Allegheny.

Rieger, Christian, 16 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg. \

Robertson, William, care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster.

Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia.

Schluraff, Vern. L., Erie.

Schmidt, William, 432 Main street, Johnstown.

Schoenfeld, Herman, 133 South 17th street, Philadelphia.

Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County.

Shilling, Howard M., Shillington, Berks County.

Sibson, J. F., McKean avenue, Germantown.

Siebert, Charles T., Stanton avenue. Station B, Pittsburg.

214 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

PENNSYLVANIA— C^«/z««^^

Sim, Charles, Rosemont.

Simpson, W. P., 15th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia.

Skidelsky, S. S., 708 North 16th street, Philadelphia.

Smith, A. W., Boggs avenue, Pittsburg.

Smith, James F., Philadelphia.

Strong, O. H., Oil City.

Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.

Watson, George C, Juniper and Locust streets, Philadelphia.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia.

Westcott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia.

Wintzer, A., West Grove.

Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 North 19th street, Philadelphia.

Yates, Walter N., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia.

Zimmerman, J. F., Dixmont, Allegheny Co.

RHODE ISLAND.
R. W. Greene, Warwick, Vice-President.

Barnett, Richard, Woonsocket.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.

Gardner, Richard, Carroll avenue. Newport.

Greene, R. W., Warwick.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, Newport.

Hunnick, R., Newport.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad street. Providence.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl street. Providence.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport.

Renter, S. J., Westerly.

Wood, John F., Mathewson street. Providence.

SOUTH CAROLINA.
Martin Stork, Columbia, Vice-President.

Moss, C. A., Spartanburg.

Price, Trail, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Columbia.

Stork, Martin, Rope Hill Greenhouses, Columbia.

Wessels, F. W., Aiken.

Wessels, Miss G. M., Aiken.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 215

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Newbury, E. C, Mitchell.

TENNESSEE.

C. H. HuNE, Memphis, Vice-President.

Hune, C. H., Memphis.
Joy, T. C, Nashville.

TEXAS.

Baldwin, B. J., Paris.

Cook, Miss Pense, Alvin.

Donnelly, Harry, care Haskell Flo. Co., Dallas.

Kaden, H., Gainesville.

VIRGINIA.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby street, Norfolk.

Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville.

Hammond, W. A., 107 East Broad street, Richmond.

Ponnet, C, Alexandria.

Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon.

WEST VIRGINIA.

Fleming, H. Glenn, 819 Locust avenue, Fairmount.
Obermeyer, Gustav, Parkersburg.

WISCONSIN.

F. P. DiLGER, Milwaukee, Vice-President.

Amerpohl, Edw., Janesville.
Bartels, H., 1178 Teutonia street, Milwaukee.

216 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTIETH CONVENTION

WISCONSIN— Continued

Currie, William, io8 Wisconsin street, Milwaukee.

Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau avenue, Milwaukee.

Dilger, F. P., 418 Prior avenue, Milwaukee.

Dunlop, John, Wauwatosa.

Edlefsen, William, 349 3d street, Milwaukee.

Freytag, William, 832 Forest Home avenue, Milwaukee.

Gregory, Ben, 1339 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee.

Guillaume, Mrs. A., 501 Main street. La Crosse.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac.

Helfrich, A., Burlington.

Hinchliffe, T., 506 Wisconsin street, Raciiie.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee.

Howard, John C, R. Rt. 2, Station D, Milwaukee.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee.

Jewett, A. J., Sparta.

Jewett, Miss Miriam, Sparta.

Johannsen, Charles, North Milwaukee.

Kennedy, W. A., C. C. Pollworth Company, Milwaukee.

Klokner, A., Wauwatosa.

Kuehne, Frank R., Box 383, Lake Geneva.

Loeffler, Albert, Watertown.

Lund, Christian, Warsaw.

Nelson, Victor, 169 Main street, North Side, Oshkosh.

Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton.

Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall Square, Milwaukee.

Reupke, Albert H., P. O. Box 170, Lake Geneva.

Reutschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson street, Madison.

Schmeling, Fred S., 372 Grove street, Milwaukee.

Schueneman, August, Oconomowoc.

Smith, F. C, Ashland.

Spiedel, Otto, Oconomowoc.

Staeps, Herman, Elm Grove. ^

Stuebe, William J., Watertown.

Toole, William, Baraboo.

Turner, Lewis, Kenosha.

Vatter, George, Marinette.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt avenue. Milwaukee.

Writz, Max, Milwaukee.

Zweifel, Nic, 14th street and Groeling avenue, Milwaukee.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 217

ONTARIO.
F. C. MiivLER, Bracondale, Vice-President.

Duggan, T. W., Brampton, Ontario.

Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown avenue, Toronto.

Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ontario.

Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ontario.

MANITOBA.

England, D. D., Winnipeg.

Stewart, Arthur, Elmwood Nursery, Winnipeg.

INDEX

FIRST DAY— OPENING SESSION

PAGE

Address of Welcome — Hon. Cyrus P. Walbridge 4

Response — Robert Craig 5

Reminiscences of former visit ; the fair a triumph of architec-
ture 5

President Breitmeyer Receives a Gavel 6

Address of President Breitmeyer :

Congratulatory remarks 7

Our Society, its activities aud what it has accomplished for the

craft 8

A plan for greater interest in discussions at meetings ; the

trade papers aud their privileges 9

Trade conditions during the past year ; evidences of over-
production ; moderation in greenhouse building com-
mended 10

The labor problem; how to secure greater efficiency in em-
ployees n

Regulating the wage scale; encouraging amateur civic and home

improvement societies ; advance of ornamental horticulture 12

Bureau of statistical information advocated ; closer relations

with other societies ; arbitration committee needed 13

Proposed permanent home for S. A. F. ; value of experiment

station work 14

The Carnation lycague ; improving committee work ; the trade

exhibition; value of the question box 15

The Executive Committee and its work ; thanks to St. Louis

Club 16

Annual Report of Secretary Stewart :

Congratulations on year's record; records of the Milwaukee
proceedings; exhibition receipts; plant introductions;
number of members and list of additions from each State 17

Memberships discontinued ; list of deaths for year ; appeal for
greater activity in securing new members ; record of Ex-
ecutive Committee meeting 18

Approval of plan for " closer relations ; ' ' list of plants reg-
istered 19

220 INDEX

PAGE

Record of comparative test of Adiantums Crowianum and hy-

bridum; list of medal awards 20

Proposed postal reform; installation of card system 21

Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty :

General fund 22

Life membership fund 23

Supplemental report 24

Report of Legislative Committee 24

Report of Peony Committee 25

Report accepted 26

Report of Committee on Standard Sizes of Plants 26

Classifications recommended for various commercial plants. ... 27

Report laid on table 28

Reports on Standard Sizes of Cut Flowers and Bulbs 28

Reports recommitted 28

Invitations 29

Vilmorin Memorial 31

Discussion on plan of subscription 32

Committee appointed 35

Discussion of President's Address , 35

President's Reception 36

SECOND DAY

Reception of State Vice-Presidents' Reports 37

Report of Superintendent of Exhibition 38

Report of Judges 43

Selection of Washington for next Convention 46

The Development of An American Type of Roses. A paper

by E. G. Hill 47

What we need ; advantages of the Pacific coast 47

Requirements in the northern Atlantic States ; attributes of

Rugosa 48

Some promising sorts ; the Wichuraiana crosses 49

Crimson R,ambler and its progeny ; injustice to the raiser of

American Beauty rose 50

INDEX 221

Discussion :

Mr. O'Mara's comments ou the qualities of Rugosa ; the re-
puted origin of American Beauty 51

Mr. Smith's views on American Beauty and black spot; Mr.

Lonsdale's comments on the " disease proof " rose 52

Bordeaux mixture ; eliminating spines on Rugosa ; Rugosa as

regarded by Mr. Jablonsky and Mr. Valentine 53

Questions as to pollenization methods answered by Mr. Hill 54

More pollenization queries answered; ripening the seed 55

Experiences of Elmer D. Smith, J. D. Carmody and Wesley

Greene 56

Success with germination 57

Bulb Growing. A paper by George Klehm :

The right location 57

Planting, care, digging, etc. ; results with narcissi ; cultivation

of lily of the valley 58

The Ideal Employee. A paper by J. C. Vaughan 59

Opportunity vs. salary ; value of promptness ; industry and

conscientious work 60

An instance of A-irtue ; lo5ralty defined ; discretion and secre-

tiveness 61

Injudicious talking ; caring for the customer ; evils of careless-
ness ; value of good penmanship 62

Reporting errors ; advantages of education ; energy approved 63

Discussion :

Mr. Hammond's approval of the paper; reporting errors; an

instance of conscience ; Mr. Gude's approval 64

Mr. O'Mara sees a connection between the ideal employee and
the ideal employer; influences of locality; a pertinent
anecflote 65

A suggestion from Mr. Carmody ; labor problems as seen by

Mr. Craig 66

Mr. Valentine condemns the "knocker;" Mr. Lenker's expe-
riences 67

Mr. Scott's views on local honesty 68

Anecdote by Mr. Deamud ; W. R. Smith gives an instance of

fraud; a tragic anecdote by Mr. Foley 69

Mr. Vaughan suggests title for a future paper r 70

Discussion on Intent of By-Law regarding Polls; various

interpretations by various members 71

Nomination of Officers for 1905 72

Roll-call of States for Vice-Presidents 76

Ladies' Entertainment 76

222 INDEX

THIRD DAY

Opening of Polls 77

Home and Municipal Improvement. A paper by J. A. Pettigrew 77
Central Park, its cost and what it has accomplished ; influence

on adjoining property ; Chicago's parks and their effect 78

The story of Boston's achievement in park work; motives of

park promoters 79

Horticulture and street adornment; benefit of street trees 80

What street trees are subjected to ; work of the societies ; de-
velopment of school-garden idea 81

Horticulture in the home life; playgrounds and their influence 82

W. R. Smith approves the paper 83

Wm. Scott's views; Buffalo's experience; the bedding plants'

place 84

Politics in park management 85

Tribute by Mr. Smith to the late Mr. McMillan ; Mr. Vaughan

tells of work at Chicago fair 86

DeMoines' park management as seen by Mr. Fulmer: D. D.

England tells Winnipeg's experience 87

Invitations :

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association ; Burns Cottage Associa-
tion ; Tower Grove Park ; congratulations from Canada 88

Standard Sizes of Cut Flowers and Bulbs :

Committee's report 89

Various views of various members 90

Indoor Blooming Plants. A paper by J. A. Peterson.

Culture of the hydrangea 91

Preparing for Easter 92

Culture of Lorraine begonia 93

Other valuable subjects 94

Amendment to Constitution 95

Discussion of the amendment 97

Rejection of amendment 99

The Question Box 100

Advisability of changing date of Convention 100

Effect of electricity on plant life 100

Substitutes for tobacco stems loi

Election of Officers for 1905 . 102

Recommendations by tellers 102

INDEX 223

FOURTH DAY

PACE

Accommodations for Secretary 103

Address: Florists' McKinley Memorial Fund. By H. M. Altick 104
Florists' business founded on sentiment ; origin of Carnation

Day; McKinley 's love for the flower 104

Appeal for support; purposes of the fund 105

Address. By G. W. Brown 106

Greater efficiency needed in the horticultural profession ; fail-
ings of the ornamental horticulturist 106

Faults of World's Fair planting ; the promising future; devel-
oping our gardening taste 107

ADDRESS. By Arthur Beinroth 108

Address. By D. D. England 108

Statistics from the ''Land of Snow" 108

Rapid growth of park sentiment 109

Address. By Prof. A. C. Beal 109

Facilities of the experiment stations no

Address. By President-elect J. C. Vaughan .......... no

Development of Society's work no

Suggestions for coming year ; possibilities of gardening art m

Presentations :

Gifts to President Breitmeyer ; J. D. Carmody's remarks 112

Gifts to Chas. A. Kuehn and F. H. Meinhardt 113

Presentation of bowling trophies ; Wm. Scott's remarks 113

E. G. Hill's views on sports 114

Adjournment n4

Visit to Shaw's Garden 115

Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 115

Reports of State Vice-Presidents r nj

Alabama; Colorado 117

Connecticut 119

Dristrict of Columbia 121

Florida; Illinois 123

Indiana 124

Iowa; Kansas. 125

224 INDEX

PAGE

Kentucky; Louisiana 126

Maine 128

Massachusetts, west 1 29

Michigan, south 130

Michigan, north 131

Minnesota ; Missouri, east 133

Missouri, west 134

Nebraska 135

New Hampshire 136

New Jersey 137

New York, east 139

New York, west 140

North Carolina 141

Ohio, west 142

Pennsylvania, west 143

Rhode Island ; South Corolina 144

Virginia ; Wisconsin 145

Canada 146

Peony Committee :

Secretary's Report 147

S. A. F. Peony Association 149

Trade Exhibition :

Report of Superintendent 151

Plant Introductions for 1904 153

Report of Committee on Sports 157

Team Records 157

Individual records '. . . 159

Ladies' tournament 160

The prizes and winners 162

Florists' Hail Association of America 164

Officers of the S. A. F. • — 168

Past Presidents 169

Life Members 1 70

Annual Members i73

Members Classified by States ' 191

Societ>2 of Hmetican JFlodste anb
©rriamental Ibotticulturiets

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT REGISTRATION

List of Plants Regfisteired up to October I, 1904

July 12, 1898. — Rose Clara Barton. Flesh pink, with rose center; double,
fragrant, everblooming. By Conard & Jones Co.

July 12, 1898. — Canna Admiral Schley. Orange scarlet, spotted bright
crimson, edged yellow; reverse showing bright yellow markings. By
Conard & Jones Co.

July 12, 1S98. — Canna General Shafter. (Now extinct.) By Conard & Jones
Co.

Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Surprise. Upper petals black
blotched, edged fiery red, surrounded with broad band of white; lower
petals white with red spot in center. By Robt. Sandiford.

Oct. 20, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Wonder. Semi-double, white,
heavily fringed and crumpled; some flowers showing small maroon
spots on upper petals. By Robt. Sandiford.

Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Best. Pink, broadly edged with
white; throat white. By Robt. Sandiford.

Nov. 10, 1898. — Rose Admiral Dewey. A light pink sport from Mme. Caro-
line Testout. By John H. Taylor.

Nov. 2T, 1898. — Rose Baltimore. Flowers white, tinted shell pink in center;
cross between Mme. Antoine Rivoire and Mary Fitzwilliam. By John
Cook.

Dec. 30, 1898.— Chrysanthemum Regina (Silver Cloud xJ'Enfant de Deux
Mondes). Color creamy white. By Alex. MacLellan.

Jan. 3, 1899.— Rose Lillian Nordica.— (Margaret Dickson x Mme. Hoste).
Flowers white, double; strong tea fragrance. By M. H. Walsh.

Jan. 19, 1899.— Rose Maid of Honor. A sport from Catherine Mermet;
pink in color. By Hofifmeister Floral Co.

Jan. 25, 1899.— Violet Columbia. A seedling of 1896, from Wellsiana, prob-
ably crossed with California. Color of Princesse de Galles. By F
W. Fletcher.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Neptune (Marguerite Hybrid). Magenta violet.
By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Mercury (M. H.). Red. By C. E*isele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Venus (M. H.). White, with pink stripes. By C.
Eisele.

Jan. 2-j, 1899.— Carnation Jupiter (M. H.). Daybreak color. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Uranus (M. H.). Maroon. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Rising Sun (M. H.). Sulphur yellow. By C.
Eisele.

Jan. 2j, 1899.— Carnation Saturn (M. H.). Deep crimson. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 2-j, 1899. — Carnation Vulcan (M. H.). Red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27. 1899.— Carnation Vesuvius (M. H.). Light red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Estella (M. H.). White, heavily striped with pink.
By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Minerva (M. H.). Rosy pink. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Mars (M. H.). Deep rose. By C. Eisele.

Feb. I, 1899. — Canna Red Indian. Bronze foliage; flowers deep scarlet;
stalks five to six-branched. By J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. I, 1899. — Canna Mandarin. Height, six feet; bionze foliage; same
character as Discolor; flowers orange. By J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. I, 1899. — Canna Victory. Height, five feet; flower stalks seven to nine-
branched; color orange scarlet, with crimson veins running length-
wise of petal, and bordered with irregular band of yellow; small lower
petal and throat mottled yellow. By J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. 4, 1899. — Carnation Olympia. White, with scarlet stripings. By John
N. May.

Feb. 25, 1899. — Rose Frances E. Willard (Marie Guillot x Coquette de
Lyon) Flower v/hite, three to four inches in diameter; bud short,
very double. By Good & Reese Co.

Feb. 2"], 1899. — Geranium America. A seedling from Mars. Growth dwarf;
foliage zoned, color shaded from pure white to deep rose; flowers
blotched and striped so that no two appear of identical color. By
Henry Eichholz.

March 27, 1899. — Rose Liberty. Parentage an unknown seedling of Mrs. W.
S. Grant, crossed with itself, which was fertilized with Victor Hugo.

Flower ruby red, medium sized, fragrant. A continuous bloomer. By
E. G. Asmus.

April 6, 1899. — Rose Ivory. A sport from Golden Gate; color ivory white.
By the American Rose Co.

May 20, 1S99. — Cypripedium insigne var. Mrs. G. B. Wilson. Dorsal sepal
yellow, with a few indistinct embossed-like marks; petals long and yel-
low; lip rather pointed, shining and of a bright yellow color. By W.
A. Manda.

June 15, 1899. — Hemerocallis Florham (H. aurantiaca major x H. Thunber-
gii). ITabit intermediate; foliage as in aurantiaca major, but narrower
and more elongated, arching outward; flovv'cr spikes three to four feet
in height, flowers six inches in diameter; sepals yellow, suffused with
orange; petals canary yellow. By A. Herrington.

July 25, 1899. — Dendrobium nobile Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson. The flowers are
nearly double the size of the ordinary form, with sepals and petals of
deep crimson; lip large, yellowish, with maroon blotch. By W. A.

Manda.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya gigas atropurpurea. Well-balanced flower, sepals
and petals extremely dark; lip very large, intense purple. By Lager
& Hurrell.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya Hardyana Robbiana; sepals and petals rosy
mauve; lip deep crimson, veined on disc with yellow, the large yellow
spots on each side traversed with magenta veins radiating from the
center. A natural hybrid from Colombia. By Lager & Hurrell.

Sept. 18, 1899. — Canna Governor Roosevelt. A sport from an unknown
variety. Color red and yellow, irregularly striped; some flowers all
red, the yellow slightly dotted with red. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Geranium Little Pink (Mars x Asa Gray). Very dwarf,
branching. Color bright pink. By W. E. Hall.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Geranium Clyde. Sport from Mrs. E. G. Hill. Habit same
as parent; foliage somewhat lighter green. Color brilliant scarlet. By
W. E. Hall.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Rose J. S. Fay (Prince Camille de Rohan x Pierre Not-
ting). Hardy. Color deep crimson; tips of petals bright scarlet. By
M. H. Walsh.

Nov. I, 1899. — Carnation Eleanor Ames (Wm. Scott x Daybreak). Tidal
Wave color; Scott habit, but stronger and taller growth. By Donald
Carmichael.

Nov. I, 1899. — Carnation May Whitney (Daybreak x Edith Foster). Color
white; Tidal Wave habit. By Donald Carmichael.

Nov. 13, 1899.— Canna Olympia. Color, pinkish violet purple: height 2 1/2
to .3 feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Nov. 17, 1899.— Chrysanthemum Victoria. A Japanese incurved, color be-
tween lemon and straw; foliage almost identical with the parent, Mrs.
Geo. M. Pullman. By Alex. MacLellan.

Nov. 17, 1899.— Chrysanthemum Gen. Joubert. A Japanese incurved of
large size; color darker than Mrs. Geo. Magee. By Alex MacLellan.

Dec. 4, 1899.— Rose Mrs. Oliver Ames. A sport from Mrs. J. Pierpont
Morgan. Color delicate pink, with faint line of deeper color at edge
of petal, softening to almost pure white at base of petal; other char-
acteristics identical with parent. By Robert Montgomery.

Dec. 26, 1899.— Rose Sara Nesbitt. A sport from Mme. Cusin, a size larger
than the parent. Color light pink, shading deeper in center. By
Benjamin Dorrance.

Feb. I, 1900. — Rose New Century (Clothilde Soupert x Rugosa alba).
Hardy ever-bloomer; flowers pink, double, fragrant; foliage resem-
bling Rugosa. By Conard & Jones Co.

March 5, 1900. — Carnation Cressbrook (Mrs. G. M. Bradt x Wm. Scott).
Color pink. By C. Warburton.

March 7, 1900. — Geranium A. N. Gerbig. Single zonale, flowers apricot
salmon shade, deeper toward center; distinct white eye; foliage deep
green, with dark zone. By C. H. Gerbig.

March 13, 1900. — Cattleya Trianae Nettie Martin. Sepals and petals light
pink; lip large and open, somewhat flattened throat, with a large
blotch straw bufif, encircled with a broad band of lilac; flowers me-
dium sized. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Canna The Express (Philadelphia x Gloriosa). Flowers
bright crimson; height, 2 1/2 feet. By Nathan Smith & Sou.

April 2, 1900.— Cattleya Trianae aurantiaca. Flowers large, sepals and
petals white, slightly suffused with pale lilac; lower part of petals
thrown forward, upper part reflexed; lower part of lip whitish lilac,
superimposed by a large wedge-shaped blotch of bright orange. By
Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianae Fairy Queen. Flowers medium; sepals
and petals pure white, the latter slightly reflexed; tube of lip white;
lower part lilac extending to edge. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 5, 1900.— Rose Queen of Edgely. Sport from American Beauty;
growth, habit, foliage, size and form practically identical with Ameri-
can Beauty; fragrance somewhat sweeter; color light pink, as in
Bridesmaid. By The Floral Exchange Co.

I

April i6, 1900. — Rose Lady Dorothea. A sport from Sunset; characteris-
tics same as parent as to color of foliage and vigor of growth. Color,
outer petal, deep peach pink to Indian red at base; inside, flesh color.
By J. H. Dunlop.

April 20, 1900. — Cattleya labiata Mrs. W. C. Squier. Flowers large, sepals
and petals massive, dark rosy mauve; lip very large, margin fringed;
expanded portion crimson purple; posterior part stained with straw,
buff and purple. By Lager & Hurrell.

June 2, 1900. — Canna Bobs. Dwarf; height about 18 inches; flowers orange
scarlet, sometimes slightly margined yellow; petals i 1/2 inches wide.
By Richard Gardner.

July 15, 1900. — Rose Sweetheart (Wichuraiana x Bridesmaid). Flowers
double, 2 1/2 inches in diameter; profuse clusters; buds pink, ex-
panded flowers white, fragrant; hardy. By M. H. Walsh.

July 15, 1900. — Rose Debutante (Wichuraiana x Baroness Rothschild).
Flowers double, pink, fragrant; profuse clusters; a hardy climbing
rose. By M. H. Walsh.

July 15, 1900. — Begonia Light Pink Lorraine. Origin in doubt, but sup-
posed to be a sport from Gloire de Lorraine; color much paler than
in the type; flowers much more expanded; plant more vigorous than
the type. By Edwin Lonsdale.

July 21, 1900. — Melon Grififin's Hybrid (Blenheim Orange x Emerald Gem).
Smooth, slightly ribbed, cream color; flesh, scarlet; average weight,
four pounds. By Arthur Griffin.

July 21, 1900. — Melon Sea Verge (Scarlet Invincible x Triumph). Exterior
oval, smooth, finely netted, light green; flesh scarlet; average weight,
five pounds. By Arthur Griffin.

Aug. 9, 1900. — Nephrolepis Wittboldi. Originated in 1897. Fronds two
and one-half to three feet long, and ten to twelve inches wide; pinnae
undulating or wavy in all growths; texture leathery. By Geo. Witt-
bold.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis erecta. A seedling. Fronds
thick and leathery, with metallic luster; five feet and upward in length,
and twelve inches or more in width; habit upright. By N. Studer.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis pendula. Seedling. Fronds
thick and leathery, with metallic luster; five feet and upward in length,
and twelve inches or more in width, with dark brownish mid-rib; habit
drooping. By N. Studer.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Canna Montana. Flowers cream yellow. By Conard &

Jones Co.

5

Sept. 22, 1900.— Canna West Grove. Coral pink, slightly dappled with
crimson, and shaded yellow in the throat; foliage green, slightly edged
with purple. By Conard & Jones Co.

Sept. 22, 1900.— Geranium Eben E. Rexford. Single, light pink, with white
eye. By Henry Eichholz.

Sept. 22, 1900.— Geranium Dr. E. A. Hering. Single, scarlet overlaid with
red. Described as having the dwarfness and floriferousness of Mars
and America, with constitution and foliage of Bruant type. By Henry
Eichholz.

Oct. 6, 1900.— Rose Flush o' Dawn (H. T.). Flowers light pink, changing
to white, fragrant, five to six inches in diameter when open; continu-
ous bloomer. By M. H. Walsh.

Oct. 6, 1900.— Dahlia Salmon Queen (Peacock). Decorative; height three
and one-half feet; bushy grower, flowers large, salmon, deepening to
orange salmon toward center; petals long pointed. By W. Atlee Bur-
pee & Co.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Dahlia Harlequin (Bassett). Fancy. Dwarf, branching, with
long slender stems; height two feet; flowers small to medium; crimson
with white stripe through each petal; stripe sometimes suffused with
pink; flowers occasionally solid crimson. By W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Oct. 6. 1900. — Canna West Virginia. A seedling of Queen Charlotte; color
of Gloriosa, with narrower yellow band. Dwarf. By Gustav Ober-
meyer.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Pennsylvania. Orchid flowered; color bright scarlet;
height five feet. An American hybrid. By Conrad & Jones Co.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Betsy Ross. Color soft pink; height two and one-
half feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Oct. 27, 1900. — Rose Pan-American (American Beauty x Mme. Caroline
Testout). Color under glass in winter, soft red; a little lighter than
American Beauty. In open ground, in summer, rose pink; flower full,
double; guard petals cupped; fragrance strong. By Peter Henderson
& Co.

Nov. 3, 1900. — Lilliputian Canna Little Gem. Flowers orange scarlet, each
petal lightly edged with yellow; the extreme height to tip rarely
exceeding two feet. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Nov. 12, 1900. — Rose Freedom. Color soft pink; reverse of petals several
shades deeper; growth identical with Liberty. By Arthur Grififin.

Nov. 24. 1900. — Nephrolepis Piersoni. A sport from the type of Neph-
rolepis exaltata known as the Boston fern. The pinnae are subdivided
so that each has the appearance of the full frond in miniature. By the
F. R. Pierson Co.

6

Dec. IS, 1900. — Carnation Norway. A seedling of Mrs. Fisher; white. ■ By
H. Weber & Sons.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Carnation Egypt. Scarlet crimson. By H. Weber & Sons.

Dec. IS, 1900. — Sweet Pea Miss Florence E. Denzer (Zvolanek's Christmas
X Emily Henderson). White; stems up to sixteen inches long, usually
bearing three flowers each; foliage narrow. By A. C. Zvolanek.

Jan. 12, 1901. — Carnation Beau Ideal. A seedling of Daybreak; flowers
shell pink; fringed, fragrant. By Nathan D. Pierce.

Feb. 9, 1901. — Sweet Pea Miss Helen M. Gould. Flowers over two inches
in diameter, white, edged light pink; stems very long, bearing, usu-
ally, four flowers; foliage dark and narrow; a seedling from Miss Flor-
ence E. Denzer. By A. C. Zvolanek.

March 2, 1901. — Rose Four Hundred. A sport from American Beauty, of
the same general characteristics, but deeper and more constant in
color. Most of the growth is almost thornless; foliage a lighter green
than that of American Beauty. By D. T. Connor.

June 8, 1901. — Rose Gainsborough. A sport from Viscountess Folkestone;
identical with that variety in every way, excepting that it is a vigorous
climber. By Good & Reese Co.

July 3, 1901. — Rose Dorothy Perkins. Thought to be a cross between
Wichuraiana and Mme. Gabriel Luizet; type of Crimson Rambler;
hardy; flowers shell pink, double, borne in clusters of thirty to forty;
individual flowers two inches in diameter; fragrant. By Jackson &
Perkins Co.

July 20, 1901. — Rose Newport Rambler. (Seed parent Wichuraiana, pollen
parent Crimson Rambler.) Color pink, similar to that of Mrs. S.
Crawford, with an occasional pure white flower in the same cluster;
fragrance like seed parent; not quite so prostrate as Wichuraiana;
double. By Richard Gardner.

July 27, 1901. — Cattleya Mossiae var. Evelyn Sloane. Flower pure white,
with yellow blotch on lip; very faint flush of mauve color on lower
portion of lip; fringed; originated at Wyndhurst, Lenox, Mass. By
A. J. Loveless.

Aug. I, 1901. — Geranium Mrs. Gov. Jackson. A seedling of Mrs. J. M.
Gaar, which it resembles in all respects of habit, foliage and freedom
of bloom; diflfering only in color, which is a soft scarlet, and having
larger trusses. By Gustav Obermeyer.

Aug. 13, 1901. — Rose Climbing Clothilde Soupert. By P. J. Berckmans Co.

Aug. 21, 1901. — Gladiolus Park Belle. Dwarf; pink. By Michigan Seed
Co.

Aug. 22, 1901. — Cattleya Harrisoniae superbissima. Dark rose; lip creamy
white. By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 22, 1901.— Cattleya speciosissima lilacina. Entire flower dark lilac.
By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 22, looi. — Cattleya speciosissima striata marginata. Lilac, with purple
streaks; lip splashed with lilac, upper part yellow, with purple margin.
By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 26, 1901.— Cattleya Gaskelliana Mrs. Hugh J. Grant. White; lip much
fringed, with triangular purple blotch; throat orange yellow. By Lager
& Hurrell.

Aug. 30, iQOi.—Rose Philadelphia (Crimson Rambler x H. P. Victor
Hugo). Color crimson; full double. By Conard & Jones Co.

Aug. 30, 1901.— Canna Mont Blanc. White; dwarf. By Conard & Jones
Co.

Aug. 31, 1901. — Rose Queen Victoria. A sport from Belle Siebrecht; cop-
pery yellow, suffused with pink. By Good & Reese Co.

Sept. 2-], 1901. — Rose Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt. La France type; creamy
white, with pink shadings; full double. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Sept. 27, 1901.— Rose Mark Twain (H. T.). Pink; long pointed buds. By
Peter Henderson & Co.

Oct. 10. 1901. — Carnation Dr. W. Seward Webb. Pink, clove scented;
fringed. By J. B. Trudo.

Oct. 14, 1901. — Rose Lady Gay (Wichuraiana x Bardou Job). Habit like
Wichuraiana; pink; flowers clustered like Crimson Rambler, but indi-
vidual blooms larger than in that variety. By M. H. Walsh.

. Nov. 4, 1901. — Canna President Roosevelt (McKinley x Chas. Henderson).
Crimson scarlet; flowers at times semi-double. By C. W. Ward.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Nestor (Magna Charta x Belle Siebrecht). .Flowers
double, resembling La France in form, but Belle Siebrecht in color and
foliage. By Schmidt & Botley.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Atlas (H. T.). Shows La France blood in growth
and foliage; flowers double, two shades of light pink. By Schmidt &
Botley.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Young America (Duke of Edinboro x Meteor). Scar-
let crimson; double, fragrant. By Schmidt & Botley.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Duke of York. Crimson, throat mottled creamy
white, each petal irregularly edged with gold. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Duchess of York. Yellow, marbled with orange crim-
son and pink. By Conard & Jones Co.

8

Dec. 7. looi. — Canna Eastern Beauty. Color salmon and orange, changing
to shell pink; foliage dark green, shaded and veined with bronze. By
Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Evolution. Color yellow, shading through canary
and sulphur to blush pink center; foliage bronze. By Conard & Jones
Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Brandy wine. Color red, dappled with crimson; petals
occasionally narrowly edged with gold; foliage dark bronze, veined.
By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Striped Beauty. Color bufif, yellow, or canary white;
finely striped with crimson. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Niagara. Color crimson, with wide, irregular border
of golden yellow. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Queen of Holland. Color deep orange. By Conard
& Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Cherokee. Color dark maroon, much like Duke of
Marlborough; height three feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 20, 1901. — Sweet Pea Christmas Comtes. Lavender. By A. C.
Zvolanek.

Dec. 20, 1901. — Sweet Pea Christmas Captain. Self blue. By A. C.
Zvolanek.

Jan. 14, 1902. — Rose Miss Alice Roosevelt. A sport from Mme. Abel
Chatenay. Intense dark pink. By American Rose Co.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranium J. D. Eisele. Single; color wine red. By
Henry Eichholz.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranium Jas. Davidson. Single; lilac. By Henry
Eichholz.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranium Jupiter. Mars type; scarlet. By Henry
Eichholz.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranium Venus. Mars type; pale salmon. By
Henry Eichholz.

March 3, 1902. — Carnation Seth Low. Scarlet. By E_. G. Hill Co.

March 8, 1902.— Carnation White Layde (Flora Hill x Mrs. Bradt). Ivory
white. By A. L. Thorne.

May 10, 1902. — Rose The Farquhar (Wichuraiana x Crimson Rambler).
Flowers rose, slightly fragrant; clusters similar to Crimson Rambler,
but flowers larger and more double; foliage glossy, larger than Wich-
urinano, and almost evergreen. By R. & J. Farquhar & Co.

May 14, 1902. — Zonal Geranium Harriet Cleary. Cerise pink; faint zone.
By J. M. Horsburgh.

May 15, 1902. — Rose Queen Madge. Sport from Kaiserin Augusta Vic-
toria. Color like Papa Gontier in buds; lighter in open flower; foliage
has perceptible sweetbriar odor. By C. S. Fitz Simmons

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia Uncle Sam. Cactus. Carmine; dwarf. By H.
Beaulieu.

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia Alex. Wallace. Show. Bright red. By H. Beaulieu.

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia Mrs. E. T. Royle. Show. Daybreak pink; dwarf.
By H. Beaulieu.

July 26, 1902.— Dahlia Wni. Scott. Show. Bright red; flower flat. By H.
Beaulieu.

July 28, 1902. — Cattleya Hardyana Mrs. Geo. Schlegel (C. gigas x chryso-
toxa). Rose pink; lip intense purple, very large; heavily fringed;
throat yellow, spreading laterally into two large blotches. By Lager
& Hurrell.

July 31, 1902. — Rose Wedding Bells. Seedling from Crimson Rambler.
Cherry pink; flowering shoots spineless. By M. H. Walsh.

July 31, 1902. — Rose Princess (Margaret Dickson x La France). Flesh
pink. By M. H. Walsh.

July 31, 1902. — Rose Urania. Seedling from American Beauty. Carmine.
By M. H. Walsh.

Aug. I, 1902. — Carnation Biltmore (Mrs. Lawson x Eldorado). White,
splashed carmine; fringed; clove fragrance. By J. B. Trudo.

Aug. I, 1902. — Carnation Miss Aimee (Mrs. Lawson x Eldorado). White,
edge of petals striped scarlet; clove scented. By J. B. Trudo.

Aug. 2, 1902. — Hydrangea hortensia superba (Otaksa x cyanoclada).
Dwarf, flowers pink, two to two and one-half inches in diameter, often
semi-double. By M. H. Walsh.

Aug. 25. 1902.— Carnation Wingold (Mrs. Lawson x unnamed white).
Pink, striped white; very double and fragrant; height two feet. By
J. B. Trudo.

Sept. 20, 1902.— Geranium Double Dryden. By H. Eichholz.

Sept. 20, 1902.— Geranium Jas. S. Wilson. Double aureole, rose, white

center. By H. Eichholz.
Sept. 20, 1902.— Geranium Little Red Riding Hood. Double, dark rose.

By H. Eichholz.

10

Sept. 20, 1902. — Geranium Gov. Stone. Single; rose, white center. By
H. Eichholz.

Sept. 20, 1902. — Geranium Cleopatra. Single; salmon. By H. Eichholz.

Sept. 20, 1902. — Geranium Goliath. Single; magenta, yellow blotched. By
H. Eichholz.

Sept. 22, 1902. — Rose Beauty of Rosemaur. Hardy China. Carmine rose,
white markings. By Conard & Jones Co.

Oct. 20, 1902. — Rose Ideal. Sport from La France. Pink. By Jacob
Becker.

Oct. 27, 1902. — Carnation Mrs. Phoebe Hearst (Lizzie McGowan x Argyle).
White; fragrant. By L. J. Stankowicz.

Nov. 10, 1902. — Rose Canadian Queen. Sport from Mrs. Pierpont Morgan.
Shell pink. By H. Dale Estate.

Nov. 10, 1902. — Carnation Gov. Lowndes. White; spicy fragrance. By
H. Weber & Sons.

Nov. 17, 1902. — Canna Hiawatha. Foliage bronze striped. Flowers pink
and cerise. By Conard & Jones Co.

Nov. 17, 1902. — Canna Chautauqua. Foliage bronze. Flowers scarlet. By
Conard & Jones Co.

Nov. 17, 1902. — Canna Gladiator. Flowers yellow, spotted crimson. By
Conard & Jones Co.

^lov. 17, 1902. — Canna Louise. Flowers rose pink, dappled red. By
Conard & Jones Co.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose Prof. C. S. Sargent (Wichuraiana x Souv d' Auguste
Metral). Golden yellow and bufif; fragrant. By Hoopes Bros. &
Thomas.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose Wm. F. Dreer (Wichuraiana x Bon Silene). White,
bordered pink; flowers in clusters; fragrant. By Hoopes Bros. &
Thomas.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose Wm. K. Harris (Wichuraiana x Bon Silene). Flesh
color; flowers in clusters; fragrant. By Hoopes Bros. & Thomas.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose Robert Craig (Wichuraiana x Beaute Inconstante).
Yellow and apricot. By Hoopes Bros. & Thomas.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose Edwin Lonsdale (Wichuraiana x Safrano). Lemon
white; tea fragrance. By Hoopes Bros. & Thomas.

Nov. 19, 1902. — Rose John Burton (Wichuraiana x Safrano). Peach pink;
fragrant. By Hoopes Bros. & Thomas.

Jan. 31, 1903. — Adiantum cuneatum Croweanum. By Peter Crowe.

II

Mar. 26. 1903. — Peony Rosalind (Kasane-jishi). Herbaceous. Pink; fila-
mental petals tipped buff. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Medusa (Fujimine). Herbaceous. White; fila-
mental petals tipped yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Crown on Crown (Yamatosangai). Herbaceous.
Pink, layered in three shades. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Originality (Hanagesho). Herbaceous. Rose;
double. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Harlequin (Kara-Oris-Nishiki). Herbaceous.
Light pink, striped crimson. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Daybreak (Fugi-some-ginu). Herbaceous. Pale
rose, filamental petals yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Cascade (Takaradama). Herbaceous. White. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Delight (Yayoura). Herbaceous. White; striped
crimson at tips. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Felicity (Mine-no-yuki). Herbaceous. White; fila-
mental petals yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. Peony Cathedral (Hana-no-sato). Herbaceous. Blush;
filamental petals creamy. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Sunrise (Hinodesekai). Herbaceous. Crimson,
centre petals tipped yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Dragon's Head (Tatsugashira). Herbaceous. Rose,
striped crimson. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Flamboyant (Kame-no-kegoromo). Herbaceous.
Rose; yellow filaments. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Bonfire (Someganoko). Herbaceous. Carmine;
yellow filaments. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Ebony (Sumi-no-ichi). Herbaceous. Purplish red;
yellow in filaments. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Crystal Queen (Magome-shiro). Herbaceous.

White. By Suzuki & lida.
Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Fantasy (Ginkonishiki). Herbaceous. White,

striped yellow and red. By Suzuki & lida.
Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Marble Faun (Shishi-odori). Herbaceous. White.

By Suzuki & lida.
Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Apple Blossom (Reikai-zan). Herbaceous. Blush,

yellow filaments. By Suzuki & lida.

12

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peon}' Mayflower (Karafume). Herbaceous. Light pink.
By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Cashmere (Chiyo-kagami). Herbaceous. White,
crimson tipped; double. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar 26, 1903. — Peony Cherub (Mine-no-nomiji). Herbaceous. Lilac
white. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Bacchus (Kochomai). Herbaceous. Dark red; yel-
low filaments.' By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Diana (Isamijishi). Herbaceous. Pink; yellow fila-
ments. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Gypsy (Ao-yagi-nishiki). Herbaceous. Wliite,
striped green. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Fascination (Benisangai). Herbaceous. Crimson,
lighter in center. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Fireball ^Kamakurako). Herbaceous. Crimson;
double. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Achievement (Yoyo-no-homare). Tree. Scarlet;
primrose anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Wistaria (Kamadafugi). Tree. Rosy lilac. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Icicles (Gioku-sho-kaku). Tree. White; anthers
golden, purpled feathered. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Red Cape (Adzuma-saki). Tree. Rosy scarlet. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Morning Glory (Nishiki-gawa). Tree. Rosy,
blotched purple, yellow anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Panorama (Adzuma-nishiki). Tree. Crimson scar-
let, yellow center; single. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Pink Silver (Ginfokurin). Tree. Rose purple to
white, anthers yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Red Riding Hood (Michi-shiba). Tree. Carmine.
By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Frugality (Renkaku). Tree. White. By Suzuki &
lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Red Cloud (Kumo-no-nishiki). Tree. Red, yellow
centre. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Blushing Bride (Anyoji). Tree. White, tinted rose.
By Suzuki & lida. "

13

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Coral (Iwato-kagami). Tree. Scarlet, golden an-
thers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Snowstorm (Yuki-arashi). Tree. White, edged
pink. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Jacqueminot (Kokirin). Tree. Scarlet. By Suzuki
& lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony White Dragon (Hakubanryu). Tree. White. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Eternity (Tokawadzu). Tree. Rose lilac, golden
anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Meteor (Asahi-minato). Tree. Rose scarlet, yellow
anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Purple Crown (Ruriban). Tree. Purple, primrose
anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Rose Queen (Saishoji). Tree. Scarlet. By Suzuki
& lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Dawn (Akashi-gata). Tree. Pink petals, fringed,
anthers yellow. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Pink Perfection (Nishi-Kishima). Tree. Pink,
anthers yellow, purple feathered. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Mars (Adzumakagami). Tree. Carmine. By Su-
zuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Celestial (Hana-tachibana). Tree. Pink. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Purple Cloud (Shi-un-ryu). Tree. Purple. By
Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903.— Peony Serenade (Shoki-kagura). Tree. Blush, double.
By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Croesus (Muhensai). Tree. Rose and pink, golden
anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Mar. 26, 1903. — Peony Abbess (Saigyosakura). Tree. Delicate pink, tas-
selled golden anthers. By Suzuki & lida.

Apr. 20. 1903. — Rose Climbing Pillar of Gold. Sport from Climbing
Bridesmaid. Yellow and pink. By Good & Reese Co.

July 14, 1903. — Canna Lord Charles Beresford. Sport from Robusta.
Foliage wine color. By Henry Morris.

Aug. I, 1903. — Rose Northern Light. Hardy climber. Flowers white and
pink in clusters; fragrant. By Conard & Jones Co.

14

Aug. 5, 1903. — Geranium The Mascotte. Semi-double; rose. By E.
Worden.

Aug. 8, 1903. — Manda's Golden Privet. Sport from Ligustrum ovalifolium.
By W. A. Manda.

Oct. 17, 1903. — Rose Sir Thomas Lipton. Hardy. Double white. By
Conard & Jones Co.

Nov. ID, 1903. — Chrysanthemum Miss Birnie-Philip (Mrs. H. Robinson x
Advance). Jap. Inc. White; petals part tubular. By C. D. Beadle.

Nov. 10, 1903. — Chrysanthemum Czififer (Mrs. H. Robinson x Advance).
Jap. Ref. Creamy white; petals whorled. By C. D. Beadle.

Nov. 10, 1903. — Chrysanthemum Mrs. Swope (Mrs. Higginbotham). Jap.
Inc. White, flushed rose; petals tubular. By C. D. Beadle.

Nov. 10, 1903.— Chrysanthemum Peter Stuyvesant (Mrs. Higginbotham x
Mrs. H. Robinson). Inc. Yellow; petals part tubular. By C. D.
Beadle.

Dec. 8, 1903. — Canna St. Louis. Foliage bronze. Flowers crimson-scarlet.
By Vaughan's Seed Store.

Dec. 8, 1903. — Canna Milwaukee. Flowers dark maroon. By Vaughan's
Seed Store.

Dec. 26, 1903. — Rose Minnehaha (Wichuraiana x Paul Neyron). Double
pink. By M. H. Walsh.

Dec. 26, 1903. — Rose Hiawatha (Crimson Rambler x Carmine Pillar).
Single, crimson. By M. H. Walsh.

Jan. II, 1904. — Canna Louisiana. Seedling from Pennsylvania. Scarlet.
By Conard & Jones Co.

Jan. II, 1904. — Nephrolepis exaltata var. Scottii. Dwarf, compact; arch-
ing fronds. By John Scott.

Jan. 21, 1904. — Rose Uncle John. Sport from Golden Gate. Deeper pink.
By Peter Reinberg.

Jan. 21, 1904. — Carnation Daheim. Crimson. By F. R. Pierson Co.

Jan. 22. 1904.— Carnation New Daybreak (Wm. Scott seedling x Daybreak
seedling). Light pink. By H. Weber & Sons.

Jan. 23, 1904. — Rose Cardinal (Liberty x unnamed seedling). Crimson
maroon; continuous bloomer; fragrant. By John Cook.

Jan. 23, 1904.— Rose Enchanter (Mme. Caroline Testout x unnamed seed-
ling). Pink; continuous bloomer. By John Cook.

Mar. 5, 1904. — Rose Gen. MacArthur (Marquis de Lita x unnamed seed-
ling). Crimson; ever-blooming. By Storrs & Harrison Co.

15

Apr. 28, 1904. — Geranium Telegraph (E. G. Hill x The Wonder). Single;
orange cerise. By Thos. DeVoy & Son.

June 10, 1904.— Carnation Pilgrim (Mrs. Geo. M. Bradt x Mrs. Thos. W.
Lawson). Cherry pink. By A. L. Thorne.

July I, 1904. — Sweet Pea Raritan. Double; dark blue. By A. C. Zvolanek.

July I, 1904. — Sweet Pea Passaic. Double; pink and white. By A. C.
Zvolanek.

July I, 1904. — Sweet Pea Hudson. Double; pink. By A. C. Zvolanek.

July I, 1904. — Sweet Pea Delaware. Double; lavender. By A. C. Zvolanek.

July 18, 1904. — Rose Arcadia (Crimson Rambler x Gen. Jacqueminot).
Double; scarlet crimson. By M. H. Walsh.

Aug. 'Z'j, 1904. — Sweet Pea Bridesmaid. Pink. By Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Flora Norton. Blue. By Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Evening Star. Buff. By Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Nymphaea. Pink and white. By Vaughan's
Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Speckled Beauty. Primrose, speckled pink. By
Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Sunrise. Pink, suffused primrose. By
Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Sunset. Primrose, striped rose. By Vaughan's
Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Mrs. Geo. Higginson, Jr. Light blue. By
Vaughan's Seed Store.

Aug. 27, 1904. — Sweet Pea Florence Fraser. Pink and white. By
Vaughan's Seed Store.

Sept. 27, 1904. — Carnation My Maryland (Norway x Mrs. T. W. Lawson).
White. By H. Weber & Sons.

16

CLASSIFIED LIST

Cannas.

Admiral Schley. — July 12, 1898.
Betsy Ross. — Oct. 20, 1900.
Bobs. — June 2, 1900.
Brandywine. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Chautauqua. — Nov. 17, 1902.
Cherokee. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Duchess of York. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Duke of York. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Eastern Beauty. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Evolution. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Gen. Shafter. — July 12, 1898.
Gladiator. — Wov. 17, 1902.
Gov. Roosevelt. — Sept. 18, 1899.
Hiawatha. — Nov. 17, 1902.
Little Gem. — Nov. 3, 1900.

Lord Chas. Beresford. — July

1903.
Louise. — Nov. 17, 1902.
Louisiana. — Jan. 11, 1904.
Mandarin. — Feb. i, 1899.
Milwaukee. — Dec. 8, 1903.
Montana. — Sept. 22, 1900.
Mont Blanc. — Apr. 30, 1900.
Niagara. — Dec. 7, 1901.
Olympia. — Nov. 13, 1899.
Pennsylvania. — Oct. 20, 1900.
Pres. Roosevelt. — Nov. 4, 1901.
Queen of Holland. — Dec. 7, 1901
Red Indian. — Feb. i, 1899.
St. Louis. — Dec. 8, 1903.
Striped Beauty. — Dec. 7, 1901.
The Express. — April 2, 1900.
Victory. — Feb. i, 1899.
West Grove. — Sept. 22, 1900.
West Virgina. — Oct. 6. 1900.

14,

Carnations.

Beau Ideal. — ^Jan. 12, 1901.

Biltmore. — Aug. i, 1902.

Cressbrook. — Mar. 5, 1900.

Daheim. — Jan. 21, 1904.

Dr. W. Seward Webb. — Oct. 10,
1901.

Egypt. — Dec. 15, 1900.

Eleanor Ames. — Nov. i, 1899.

Estella. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Gov. Lowndes. — Nov. 10, 1902

Jupiter. — Jan. 27, 1899.

May Whitney. — Nov. i, 1899.

Mercury. — Jan. 2"/, 1899.

Minerva. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Miss Aimie. — Aug. i, 1902.

Mrs. Phoebe Hearst. — Oct. 2"],, 1902.

My Maryland. — Sept. 27, 1904.

Neptune. — Jan. 27, 1899.

New Daybreak. — ^Jan. 22, 1904.

Norway. — Dec. 15, 1900.

Olympia. — Feb. 4, 1899.

Pilgrim. — June 10, 1904.

Rising Sun. — Jan. 2"], 1899.

Saturn. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Seth Low. — Mar. 3, 1902.

Uranus. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Venus. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Vesuvius. — Jan. 27, 1899.

Vulcan. — Jan. 27, 1899.

White Layde.-^Mar. 8, 1902.

Wingold. — Aug. 25, 1902.

Chrysanthemums.

Czififer. — Nov. 10, 1903.

Gen. Joubert. — Nov. 17, 1899.

17

Miss Birnie. -Philip. — Nov. lo, 1903.
Mrs. Swope. — Nov. 10, 1903.
Peter Stuyvesant. — Nov. 10, 1903.
Regina. — Dec. 30, 1898.
Victoria. — Nov. 17, 1899.

Dahlias.

Alex. Wallace. July 2, 1902.
Harlequin. — Oct. 6, 1900.
Mrs. E. T. Royle.— July 2, 1902.
Salmon Queen. — Oct. 6, 1900.
Uncle Sam. — July 2, 1902.
Wm. Scott.— July 26, 1902.

Ferns.

Adiantum cuneatum Croweanum. —

July 31, 1903-
Nephrolepis exaltata var. Scottii. —

Jan. II, 1904.
Nephrolepis exaltata var. Piersoni.

— Nov. 24, 1900.
Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis pen-

dula.— Aug. 17, 1900.
Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis erec-

ta— Aug. 17, 1900.

Nephrolepis Wittboldi. — Aug. 9,
1900.

Geraniums (Zonal).

America. — Feb. 27, 1899.
A. N. Gerbig. — Mar. 19, 1900.
Cleopatra. — Sept. 20, 1902.
Clyde. — Sept. 21, 1899.
Double Dryden. — Sept. 20, 1902.
Dr. E. A. Hering, — Sept. 22, 1900.
Eben E. Rexford.— Sept. 22, 1900.
Goliath. — Sept. 20, 1902.
Gov. Stone. — Sept. 20, 1902.
Harriet Cleary.— May 14, 1902.
Jas. Davidson. — Feb. 25, 1902.
Jas. S. Wilson.— Sept. 20, 1902.
J. D. Eisele.— Feb. 25, 1902.
Jupiter. — Feb. 25, 1902.
Little Pink.— Sept. 21, 1899.
Little Red Riding Hood.— Sept. 20.
1902.

Mrs. Gov. Jackson. — Aug. i, 1901.
Telegraph. — Apr. 28, 1904.
The Mascotte. — Aug. 5, 1903.
Venus. — Feb. 25, 1902.

Gladiolus.
Park Belle. — Aug. 21, 1901.

Hemerocallis.
Florham. — June 15, 1899.

Hydrangea.
Hortensia superba. — Aug. 22, 1902.

Orchids.

Cypridedium insigne var. Mrs. G.
B. Wilson. — May 20, 1899.

Dendrobium nobile Mrs. Geo. B.
Wilson. — July 25, 1899.

Cattleya gigas atropurpurea. — Aug.
25, 1899.

Cattleya Hardyana Robbiana. —
Aug. 25, 1899.

Cattleya Trianae Nettie Martin. —
March 13, 1900.

Cattleya Trianae aurantiaca. — April
2, 1900.

Cattleya Trianae Fairy Queen. —
April 2, 1900.

Cattleya labiata Mrs. W. C. Squier.
— April 20, 1900.

Cattleya Mossiae var. Evelyn
Sloane. — July 27, 1900.

Cattleya Harrisoniae superbissima.
— Aug. 22, 1901.

Cattleya speciosissimia lilacina — Aug.
22, 1901.

Cattleya speciosissima striata mar-
ginata. — Aug. 22, 1901.

Cattleya Gaskelliana Mrs. Hugh J.

Grant. — Aug. 26, 1901.
Cattleya Hardyana Mrs. Geo. Schle-

gel. — July 28, 1902.

Pelargoniums.
Sandiford's Best.— Oct. 29, 1898.

18

Sandiford's Surprise. — Oct. 29, 1898.
Sandiford's Wonder. — Oct. 29, 1898.

Privet.
Manda's Golden. — Aug. 8, 1903.

Roses.

Admiral Dewey. — Nov. 10, 1898.

Arcadia. — July 18, 1904

Atlas. — Nov. 16, 1901.

Baltimore. — Nov. 2"], 1898.

Beauty of Rosemaur. — Sept. 22,
1902.

Canadian Queen.— Nov. 10, 1902.

Cardinal. — Jan. 23, 1904.

Climbing Clothilde Soupert. — Aug.

13, 1901.
Climbing Pillar of Gold. — Apr. 20,

1903.

Debutante. — July 15, 1900.

Dorothy Perkins. — July 3, 1901.

Edwin Lonsdale. — Nov. 19, 1902.

Enchanter.^ — Jan. -22,, 1904.

Flush o' Dawn. — Oct. 6, 1900.

Four Hundred. — Mar. 2, 1901.

Frances E. Willard. — Feb. 25, 1899.

Freedom. — Nov. 12, 1900.

Gainsborough. — June 8, 1901.

Gen. MacArthur. — Mar. 5, 1904.

Hiawatha. — Dec. 26, 1902.

Ideal. — Oct. 20, 1902.

Ivory. — Apr. 6, 1899.

John Burton. — Nov. 19, 1902.

J. S. Fay. — Sept. 21, 1899.

Lady Dorothea. — Apr. 16, 1900.

Lady Gay. — Oct. 14, J901.

Liberty. — Mar. 27, 1899.

Lillian Nordica. — Jan. 3, 1899.

Maid of Honor. — ^Jan. 19, 1899.

Mark Twain. — Sept. 27, 1901.

Minnehaha. — Dec. 26, 1903.

Miss Alice Roosevelt. — ^Jan. 14,
1902.

Miss Clara Barton. — July 12, 1898.

Mrs. Oliver Ames. — Dec. 4, 1899.

Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt. — Sept. 27,
1901.

Nestor. — Nov. 16, 1901.

New Century. — Feb. i, 1900.

Newport Rambler. — July 20, 1901.

Northern Light. — Aug. i, 1903.

Pan-American. — Oct. 27, 1900.

Philadelphia. — Aug. 30, 1901.

Princess. — July 31, 1902.

Prof. C. S. Sargent. — Nov. 19, 1902.

Queen of Edgely. — Apr. 5, 1900.

Queen Madge. — May 15, 1902.

Queen Victoria. — Aug. 31, 1901.

Robert Craig. — Nov. 19, 1902,

Sara Nesbit. — Dec. 26, 1899.

Sir Thos. Lipton. — Oct. 17, 1903.

Sweetheart. — July 15, 1900.

The Farquhar. — May 10, 1902.

Uncle John. — Jan. 21, 1904.

Urania. — July 31, 1902.

Wedding Bells. — July 31, 1902.

W. F. Dreer. — Nov. 19, 1902.

Wm. K. Harris. — Nov. 19, 1902.

Young America. — Nov. 16, 1901.

Sweet Peas.

Bridesmaid. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Christmas Captain. — Dec. 20, 1901.

Christmas Comtes. — Dec. 20, 1901.

Delaware. — ^July i, 1904.

Evening Star. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Flora Norton. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Florence Eraser. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Hudson. — July i, 1904.

Mrs. Geo. Higginson. — Aug. 27,
1904.

Nymphaea. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Passaic. — July i, 1904.

Raritan. — July i, 1904.

Speckled Beauty. — Aug. 27, 1904.

Sunrise. — Aug. 2."], 1904.

Sunset. — Aug. 27, 1904.

19

Violet.
Columbia. — Jan. 25, 1899.

Peonies (Herbaceous).

Apple Blossom. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Bacchus. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Bonfire. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Cascade. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Cashmere. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Cathedral. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Cherub. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Crown on Crown. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Crystal Queen. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Daybreak. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Delight. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Diana. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Dragon's Head. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Ebony. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Fantasy. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Fascination. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Felicity. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Fireball. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Flamboyant. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Gypsy. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Harlequin. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Marble Faun. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Mayflower. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Medusa. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Originality. — Mar. 26, 1903.

Rosalind. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Sunrise. — Mar. 26, 1903.

Peonies (Tree).

Abbess. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Achievement. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Blushing Bride. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Celestial. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Coral. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Croesus. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Dawn. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Eternity. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Frugality. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Icicles. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Jacqueminot. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Mars. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Meteor. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Morning Glory. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Panorama. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Pink Perfection. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Pink Silver. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Purple Cloud. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Purple Crown. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Red Cape. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Red Cloud. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Red Riding Hood. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Rose Queen. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Serenade. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Snowstorm. — Mar. 26, 1903.
White Dragon. — Mar. 26, 1903.
Wistaria. — Mar. 26, 1903.

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