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Pewis, Partisr Mission PRESS: 1878. “4 a ee oe 000 As ¥zbF : 1374 CONTENTS. — b= =e, Page List of Members of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on the 31st December, 1873, Appendix in February Proceedings, ........, I Abstract Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for the year 1873, Appendix in reteuary ELOCHCUIIOM, “Uisic; 1. scctetsany ss wanaaes op cee pipkacakaag see XIII Proceedings for January, 1874, ........-.4. Eebiescdpaaadia yn eaanee 1-24 Do. for February, including Annual Report and Presi- ert ASA OLGSS, ccs PEE e6s dicen nae vatws d. cctciee 25-66 Do. for March, PSY Aaa. et astancacas saree. aoe ers al GT=90 Do. for April, be Penis cae eee Ure ee oes ie 91-98 Do. for May, ee Rep I PRY ey ier Oe eae ieee at tae 99-123 Do. for June, FY Eee a eenrae Jake on. b2O-E5O Do. for July, ian Pena eaes Meh aan eae aes, Pace é 151-154 Do. for Augtst, HG ME ey Age gle 8, ron ee Ra 155-200 ~ Do. for November, PAP eter Sere Meret ek oy ae Saat 201-238 Do. for December, . 239-252 Baek, ..,:- Wee, os Sena ee eon (aa vate meapects aes dacshas va senceddue focal 253-265 Meteorological Observations for January to December, 1874, Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from California Academy of Sciences Library http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingsofasi18/4asia PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, FoR pANUARY, ; 1874. The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 7th instant, at 9 o’clock P. M. Col. H. Hyde, R. E., President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentation was laid on the table : From EH. C. Atkinson, Esq., a List of Kumaon Plants by Dr. Watson. The Secretary read a memorandum from Mr. Atkinson asking any member interested in the subject to add to or correct the list for the final list to be incorporated with the Kumaon Memoir. The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for and elected ordinary members— C. F. Magrath, Esq., C. S. J. L. Peppé, Esq. C. Heintze, Esq. The following gentleman is a candidate for ballot at the next meeting— Dr. C. J. Jackson, Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of Bengal, proposed by Captain J. Waterhouse, seconded by Dr. T. R. Lewis. The following have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society— W. Eddowes, Esq., M. D. G. E. Ward, Esq., C. S. — C. Brownfield, Esq. Col. F. H. Rundall., R. E. Mr. H. B. Medlicott exhibited five specimens of the Khairpir Meteo- rite of the 23rd September, 1873, and read a description by the Rev. M. Yeates, The Council reported that they propose Mr. Jules Schomburgh as an Associate Member of the Society on the grounds of his knowledge of Indian Architecture and his scientific skill in illustrating Indian Paleeontology. 2 Correction of Engraved plates by Electro-deposition. [ JAN. The President announced that the lectures to Ee given during the month of January, would be— On the 14th, by the Hon. J. B. Phear—“On Glimpses of Old India as seen through the pages of Manu.” On the 28th, by Mr. H. F. Blanford—“ On the Winds of Northern India.” The following papers were read :— 1. On a@ Secondary Sexual Character in Squilla raphidea, Fabr.—By J. Woop-Mason Esq. This note will be included in a paper on Indian squillide. 2. On the application of Electro-deposition to the Oorrection of En- graved Copper plates— by Carr. J. Warernouse, Assistant Surveyor General. Those acquainted with the practical details of the production of copies of maps, plans or drawings by lithography or engraving, are only too well aware of the necessity for making alterations on the stones or plates, either for the correction of mistakes and carrying out changes made during the progress of the work, or for the insertion of additional details in successive editions after it is completed. In engraving or lithographing copies from pictures or drawings, correc- tions are seldom necessary if the engraver or lithographer possesses the necessary skill, and has been furnished with a properly finished drawing to copy from; but in the case of geographical maps, the constant changes of boundaries, and the opening of railways, canals, roads and other administra- tive improvements, necessitate continual alterations of the plates in order that they may be correct and complete at the time of their publication. It is always undesirable to make these corrections on a finished map, but when necessary they may be made without difficulty on a stone or zine plate, because the drawing is only on the surface and can be easily removed ; on an engraved copper-plate however, it is a different matter, because the lines forming the drawing are cut deep into the metal and must be erased entirely before any alteration can be made, leaving a hollow which has to be filled up again in order that the even surface of the plate may be restored and made fit for the new work to be re-engraved. The usual way of doing this is by what is technically called “ knocking up,” 2. e., carefully hammering the plate from behind on a polished steel anvil till te hollows are filled up, and the surface of the corrected parts of the plate perfectly even with the rest. This method is simple but has two great defects— 1st. However neatly and carefully the knocking up may be performed, 1874. ] Correction of Engraved plates by Electro-deposition. 3 it damages the engraving in the parts surrounding those erased, sometimes to a wide extent, and thus necessitates considerable labour and loss of time in retouching and restoring the damaged work. 2nd. The hollows formed at the back of the plate by the hammering, render the plate of an unequal thickness, causing difficulty in the re-engra- ving, springiness in the printing, and greatly increasing the wear of the plates in the vicinity of the corrected parts. In the English Ordnance Survey Office and other institutions where special appliances exist for reproducing electrotype copies of the engraved plates, this injurious method of ‘ knocking up’ is in some cases superseded by scraping off the faulty details from the intermediate relief copy of the original plate and then obtaining from it a fresh electrotype plate on which the parts that have been removed are represented by a smooth face of copper. This system is entirely free from any injurious effect on the original plate _ but is tedious and expensive. So long ago as July 1856 Marshal Vaillant brought to the notice of the French Academy of Sciences an ingenious method invented by M. George, an engraver in the Topographical Bureau of the Depot de la Guerre, who proposed to avoid the defects of both the above systems by the electro- deposition of copper in the hollows formed by the erasure of the names, lines or other detail to be corrected. Alterations can thus be effected without the risk of damage to work already done on the plate ; the uniform thickness of the plate is preserved; the time required for carrying out the corrections is little more, and in some cases less than would be occupied in knocking up; while this method is always quicker and more economical than the plan of scraping details from the relief plate and then re-electro- typing. This valuable process is largely used at the Depot de la Guerre, Paris but so far as I could ascertain, it is but little known in England, and though I have visited some of the principal geographical establishments in Europe, the only, other institution in which I saw or heard of anything of the kind was in the Military Geographical Institute at Vienna. As the method I have adopted is in a measure, a combination of the Paris and Vienna systems, it will be advisable to give a brief description of -both.* In M. George’s method the engraved plate is first of all covered with a thin transparent bituminous varnish or etching ground. The parts to be cor- rected having been carefully and cleanly cut out, the cuts are surrounded for about half an inch, with a thick coating of Brunswick black, and the remain- der of the plate all but one corner is thickly coated with wax. A trough * Full details will be found in my “Report on the “Cartographic Applications of Photography” of which there is a copy in the Society’s Library. 4, Correction of Lingraved plates by Electro-deposition. [ Jan. about 14 inch deep and corresponding in size to the extent of the required corrections is made on the plate by means of astrip of bordering wax and the plate is placed in a level position upon wooden blocks. The trough having been filled with a solution of sulphate of copper, one or more small cylindrical porous cells about 2” high and 1” in diameter are placed in position a few inches from the cuts; their number varying according to the extent of the corrections. A rod of zine to which is attached a copper band, is placed in each cell, the free end of this copper band being attached to the uncoated part of the plate outside the trough, the circuit is completed by pouring a little very dilute sulphuric acid into the porous cell. The deposition of copper in the cuts then commences and in the course of 24 to 48 hours entirely fills them up and forms a ridge of copper all round them. ‘The solution is then poured away, the wax wall and coating are removed and the surface of the plate having been protected by fastening strips of waxed paper round the corrected parts, the superfluous deposit is carefully filed down till it is no thicker than the surrounding paper and the remainder is removed with a sharp engraver’s scraper. If this operation is skilfully performed, the surface of the corrected parts should be left perfectly even with the remainder of the plate and without a trace of damage to any of the surrounding work. The method used at the Military Geographical Institute in Vienna differs considerably from the above but is equally effective. The engraved plate is first of all silvered by rubbing over it a solution of nitrate of silver in. cyanide of potassium with a little tripoli powder. The parts to be cor- rected are then cut out and the plate placed in the depositing trough of the electrotyping apparatus ordinarily used at the Institute. After the lapse of a few days a sheet of copper is deposited over the whole of the plate, and when the deposit is of sufficient thickness to fill up the cuts, the plate is removed from the trough. The deposited metal im- mediately above and around the parts to be corrected is then scraped down with a curved scraper till it is quite thin, when the covering sheet of copper is stripped off the engraved plate, leaving a slightly raised ridge over the corrections, which is removed with the scraper as in M. George’s process. This method is neither so simple nor so economical as M. George’s, and the only advantages it would appear to possess are uniformity and regularity of action, as well as the perfect protection afforded by the deposited sheet of copper to the engraved plate during the removal of the superfluous metal. In India, the rapid extension of railways, roads and canals, the frequent revisions of boundaries and the conflicting systems of orthography necessi- tate constant changes during the progress of the engraving of the Sheets of the Indian Atlas, and the necessity for adopting some such plan for making these corrections became apparent a short time ago, when happening to pass “rayeM ‘dd Iaddog jo ostq “H aspouy 02 peyoryye ‘1eddog wor pueq reddop *O Areyeg jo ier ouojg ‘9 OD "978g poawiSuq 07 poqowzze ‘*op viol pueq seddop ‘N *reddog jo oyeyding jo uotynjos ‘4 4 *"MolOs-SUIPUI_ ssBig Y}IM oUTZ jo Osi ‘IW ‘op sulazoddns syo0ig ‘da J Wea “4 epouy zeddop ‘aA Gd qsnp-mzg ‘» len xem “OD Cat T ynoqs) zeddop jo ayeydtng jo sjuyship ‘ff e78[g oy} Sutqtoddns syoojq uepoom “a @ Ieddog jo osiq OF poeyonz}B olm peqBusut “I o1B[q poavisug ‘Vv V "SHONAZYURIAY ‘gaRINOT-9UO ZXIFIg Y [> Kash ————ee—— : 7, (nae TM "T 24%Id ‘t/RT*T (ON ‘[eSusg “00g ‘SY SSUTPADD0Ig 1874.) Correction of Engraved plates by Electro-deposition. 5 through the engraving. rooms of the Surveyor General’s Office I observed that a plate on which numerous corrections had been made by the ordinary process of “ knocking up” was consequently much disfigured by hollows and inequalities all over it, and finding that there was a very valuable plate of hill work, on which a boundary had to be altered, I proposed to try whe- ther this could be done by the system I had seen working in Paris, and thus avoid the almost irretrievable damage the plate must otherwise have sus- tained. At first M. George’s method was tried, but not knowing the exact pro- portions of his solutions, nor being able to procure the same kind of porous cells, the early attempts did not succeed very well, and as there appeared to be other difficulties connected with working the single cell system, it occurred to me that the use of a separate battery might give better and more certain results. After a few trials, perfect success was attained by the following method which is scarcely less simple than M. George’s, and much more economical than that practised in Vienna, while securing some of its peculiar advantages. The engraved plate is prepared almost precisely in the same manner asin M. George’s method, z. e., it is first covered with a thin asphaltum varnish, the parts to be corrected are carefully cut out and the remainder of the plate, with the exception of one corner, coated with Brunswick black,* a double coat being given on the part of the plate surrounding the cut to the distance of about 4 or 5 inches. When this coating is thoroughly dry, a strip of bordering wax is securely fastened down on the plate at a distance of about 2 or 3 inches all round the parts to be filled in, forming a water- tight trough about 14 inch deep. (See Plate I.). The battery is of the pattern in ordinary use in the Indian Government Telegraph Department known as Menotti’s modification of Daniell’s battery. It consists of a stoneware jar containing at the bottom a dise of lead or copper to which an insulated copper wire running up the side of the jar is attached. Above the disc of lead is a layer of crystals of sulphate of copper, then some saw-dust covered by a piece of felt over which is placed a thick dise of zinc with a brass binding-screw attached. To set the battery in action, the jar has only to be filled with water, and thus all messing with acids and disagreeable fumes are avoided. ‘The bare corner of the plate and all the connections of the battery having been carefully cleaned, the zine pole is attached by means of a narrow copper band to the clean corner of the engraved plate. A solution of— Sulphate of copper, 5 parts Sulphuric acid, 1 Water, 30 9 9 * The object of coating the whole plate with Brunswick black is to preserve the surface from injury in case of leakage from the wax trough. 6 Oorrection of Engraved plates by Electro-deposition. [ Jan. is poured into the trough and any air bubbles that may appear in the cuts are gently removed with a clean camel-hair brush. A piece of clean sheet- copper, large enough to entirely cover the parts to be filled in, and attached to the copper pole of the battery by a copper band previously soldered to | it, is laid down above them at a distance of about half an inch, being supported in position by wax pellets or pieces of wood fastened to the plate with a little wax. The cireuit being thus completed, the deposition of copper in the cuts commences and fills them up completely in the course of 18 to 24 hours. To ascertain whether the deposit is sufficient, a little instrument like a fork with three prongs of equal length, is used ; the centre prong being placed in the cuts the other prongs should be quite clear of the plate on both sides. When the deposit is sufficiently thick, the battery is disconnected, the copper solution poured back into its bottle, the wax wall removed, the Brunswick black cleaned off with turpentine, and the superfluous deposit is removed exactly as in M. George’s system by filingit down with a bent flat file, the plate being protected meanwhile by a mask of stout paper fastened down with Brunswick black. After filing to within the thickness of the paper, the remaining deposit is carefully scraped off till the even surface of the plate is restored. As the success of the operations entirely depends on the perfect adherence of the deposited copper to the original plate, every precaution must be taken to avoid the presence in the cuts of the slightest trace of grease or other matter which might cause non-adherence. The cutting tools must be quite clean and the cuts should be made with clean square edges. The sooner the filling in is performed after the erasures have been made the better. When the cuts area day or two old, and in all cases where any doubt as to the perfect cleanliness of their surface exists, M. George recommends that the metal should be slightly bitten by means of a Bunsen battery, but I have found that the acid solution of sulphate of copper effectually removes all tarnish and oxidation, if not too old. My practical acquaintance with the subject of electro-metallurgy and the experience we have yet had in working the method are too limited to enable me to state positively the advantages of the system I have adopted over those practised in Europe, but it has already been applied with complete success in the correction of two very valuable plates, and seems likely to prove of great service when extensive corrections have to be made. It is quite as simple as M. George’s method and appears to possess the advan- tage of securing a more regular deposit over an extensive surface of the plate, the only precaution necessary being, to proportion the size of the anode to the extent of the work to be performed, so that the whole of the erasures are covered by it. In this respect it appears equal to the Vienna method but is much more rapid and economical in operation, though it loses the advantage of the protection afforded to the engraved plate by the 1874. ] R. Banerji—Identification of Aboriginal Tribes. 7 deposited sheet of copper while the superfluous deposit is being reduced. The time occupied in performing the operation is not of much consequence, compared with the importance of keeping the plate undamaged, but in the trials already made, it was found that the time required was really less than would have been occupied by ‘ knocking up,’ and afterwards having to restore damaged work, and as the operation can go on during the night very little working time need be lost. 'The expense is a mere trifle, and the mani- pulations are so simple, that any Huropean or native engraver could easily learn them. = 5 I cannot of course claim any originality in the process beyond the modifications made in the European methods, but as it is does not appear to be practised in England, I venture to bring it to the notice of the Society especially on account of the valuable aid it is likely to render in the pro- duction of the engraved sheets of the Atlas of India now rapidly progress- ing under the personal superintendence of the Surveyor General, and the possibility of its useful application to other purposes in the arts. Colonel Thuillier said he thought the subject Captain Waterhouse had brought before the meeting was one of much interest and importance ; not only in a professional sense as regarded his own department, but also in the interests of the Society and scientific objects generally. Colonel Thuillier could vouch for the very great importance of this mode of dealing with valuable copper plates, and the improvement it afforded on the old system. Captain Waterhouse had worked it out in a very practical manner and he was therefore entitled to the thanks of the meeting for his useful and interesting paper. 3. New Burmese Plants, Part II.—By 8. Kurz, Esq. This paper is a continuation of the author’s former paper and will be published in the Journal, Part II. 4. Identification of certain tribes mentioned in the Purdnas with those noticed in Col. H. T. Dalton’s Ethnology of Bengal.—By Ba’su RanGata’t Banersi1, Deputy Magistrate, Cuttack. Little has hitherto been done to identify the various aboriginal races casually noticed in ancient Sanskrit literature. The notes on the subject appended to Professor Wilson’s translation of the Vishnu Purdna, valuable as they are, as embodying the opinions of a thorough scholar and a man of vast experience, are nevertheless brief, obscure and often unsatisfactory, par- ticularly regarding those races whose representatives are now no longer extant, or are few, insignificant or widely scattered. Particular races, such as the Coles, the Bheels and the Khonds, have been described at greater length in many essays and reports; but in their cases attention has been confined to 8 R. Banerji-——Ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. [Jan. what they now are, and nothing, or next to nothing, has been done to unra- vel their ancient history. ‘The Nagas have been more fortunate ; they have had a great number of historians, and a great deal has been already written about their antiquity ; but even as regards them, much yet remains to be known of what and who they were. The little knowledge hitherto possess- ed by European scholars regarding the autochthones of India have been a serious impediment in the way of a successful study of this branch of In- dian archeology. Few knew the names of the ancient races, and fewer still of the modern ones with whom they could compare them. ‘This dif- ficulty has, however, now been in a great measure removed. The publication of Col. Dalton’s magnificent work on the Ethnology of Bengal has placed in the hands of the public a large mass of information on the subject of the most authentic kind, and the way to identification on the part of those who are familiar with Sanskrit literature, is clear. The learned author has not himself attempted much in the way of identifying the races he has deserib- ed with those named in Sanskrit works, but his book affords valuable help in the prosecution of the task ; and I have availed myself of it in compiling the following rough notes regarding the antiquity of some of the races noticed by him. My object is to bring together all the salient points regard- ing the different races from Sanskrit works, and to render them easily acces- sible to Huropean scholars as helps towards further research. No. 1. The first race I have to notice are the Kirdtas, otherwise called Kiratis and Kirantis. Manu classifies the Kiratas under the head of Mlechchhas in Chapter X, where he reckons them along with the Paundras, Odras, Dravidas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Paradas, Chinas and the Pahnavas. All these tribes have been indentified: the Paundras or Paundrakas were the people of Western Bengal. Professor Wilson enumerates the fol- lowing districts of Bengal and Behar to have comprised the ancient Pundra, viz. :—Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Nadiya, Birbhum, Burdwan, Midna- pur Jangal Mahals, Ramgarh, Pachete, Palamow and part of Chunar. The word Pundra signifies sugarcane of a particular species, called Puf- ri Akh in Bengali, so that Pundra evidently means the country of sugar- cane. It may be remarked here, that the other name of Bengal, Gauda, is derived from guda, or molasses; Gauda consequently means the land of molasses. The two names of the country thus have a meaning almost analo- gous in purport. The quotation from Manu proves beyond a doubt that Bengal and Behar were reckoned as Mlechchha Des’a, or unholy land, in the days of the great Hindu lawgiver; and there was then no distinction of caste in those countries, for Bharata, the sage, defines Mlechchha Desa as the country where the four castes do not dwell. 1874.] R. Banerji—Ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. 9 wqataaaa ular en a frye | amew vy faa Weald: 9 I The Odras are the Uriyas, not of course the Brahmins, Karans and other Aryan castes which have settled in Orissa, but an aboriginal tribe whose representatives are found in the Or Chasas of that province. The Dravidas are identified with “ the people of the Coromandel Coast from Madras southwards, those by whom the Tamil language is spoken,” they are in fact still called Dravidas by all orthodox Hindus, Wilford regards the Kambojas as the ‘people of Arachosia, Arrian speaks of a country called Cambistholi; as the last two syllables of the word represent the Sanskrit, sthala (place), it evidently means the land of Kamboja, (vide note, Wilson’s Vishnu Purana, page 182. Vol. 2). The Kamboja country was famous for its horses, The term Yavana is now generally accepted as meaning the Greeks. The Prakrita Yona is another form of Ion, by which name the Greeks were known throughout Western Asia—but a difference of opinion on the subject exists In some quarters. The Sakas are the Sakai and Sace of classical writers, the Indo-Scythian of Ptolemy. They “extended about the commencement of the Christian ira along the west of India from the Hindu Koh to the mouth of the Indus.” The Paradas were probably the Parthians—the Pahnavas, or Palhavas according to some readings, were people of the country lying between India and Persia, the modern word Pahlavi, the language of Afghanistan, retains a trace of Pahlava. The Chinas were the people of China or Chinese Tartary according to some authorities. The Daradas are the modern Durds—they are still living in the very same country where Manu found them: their country lies along the course of the Indus, above the Himalayas, just before it descends to India. The Khasas are the Khasyas of North-East Bengal. Tt is a noticeable fact, that these twelve tribes of Mlechchhas mention- ed by Manu, all belong to the North of India and the North-West frontier, excepting the Odhra and the Dravidas ; this shews that the aboriginal Kols, Bheels, Gonds, &c., were unknown or very little known in Manu’s time: the last were reckoned more as giants and monsters (Rakshasas) than men. But to return to the Kiratas. They have been noticed in Book II, Chap- ter III, of the Vishnu Purana, as a people living on the east of Bharata or India, they were known to the Greeks as the Ceriadee. These foresters and mountaineers are still living in the mountains east of Hindustan, and are still called Kiratis or Kirantis. The bard of Sipra, Kalidasa, notices the Kiratas in his famous poem, 10 R. Banerji—Ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. [Jan. Kumara Sambhava or the Birth of the War-god, when describing the Lord of mountains, Himalaya.* } Although the Kiratas were classed by our poets and sages among the Mlechchhas or barbarians, still it is clear that they were not hated or shun- ned by the Aryan conquerors, like the other aboriginal tribes of India. The great hero of the Mahabharata, Arjuna, adopted the name, nationality, and guise of a Kirata for a certain period, to learn archery, and the use of other arms from S’iva, who was considered as the deity of the Kirdtas. This episode of the Mahabharata was taken up by the poet Bharavi, who describes it in detail in his celebrated poem Kiratarjuniya. Again, both the Himalaya-born goddesses Uma and Ganga have the nicknames of Kirati applied to them by our lexicographers ; and it is a ques- tion therefore whether these goddesses were the daughters of some Kirata chieftain of the Himalaya, married to S‘iva, a Hindu divinity, affording an example of miscegenation among the two races effected ata very early period of History ; or whether S‘iva was himself a Mongolian. His residence in the far Kylasa, his braided hair, his oblique eyes, his great proclivity for smoking, his reputed authorship of the Tantrika, nasal, monosyllabic Mantras, go far to prove him to be a Mongolian rather than of an Aryan type. JI have shown that the modern Kiranti or Kiratis are the Kiratas of Ancient India; this can be also proved geographically and ethnologically—we find them occupying the same country as described in the Puranas, and their physical traits and man- ner of livelihood agree. The Kirdtas, though now turned into cultivators and eaters of rice, were flesh-eaters in Ancient India, like their brethren living on the other side of the Himalayas ; in fact, their chief occupation was nothing else but the chase. It is remarkable that the medicinai Chirretta is a corruption of Kirata, which is the Sanskrit name for this drug. The only other synonyms in Sanskrit are Bhunimba, Anaryya-tikta and Kandalitikta, the first means that it is the nim or azadirachta of the earth; the second implies the bitter of the non-Aryans ; and the third signifies that which contains bitter in its trunk. ‘The second name is very suggestive. It is a well known fact that the Chirretta grows in the lower ranges of the Himalaya, the country of the modern Kirantis or Kiratis, In the topographical lists of the Mahabharata, Bhisma Parva, separate * WacH fawactacrat STat Hs! area SFqTT | waractaweaan: faura- wad fwafwaficay: | Chapter I. Verse 15. pen ee, wa ne Na er SIO van Clan ee ro 1874. ] R. Banerji-—Identification of Aboriginal Tribes. at?) mention of the Kiratas occurs more than once ; this leads me to infer that the aborigines now known under that appellation must have separated them- selves and formed different clans before the great epic was composed. ‘The Rajmala, which gives an analysis of the royal family of Tipperah, states that the ancient name of Tripura was Kirdta. According to Major Fisher the people of Tripura are of the same origin with the Kacharis, but Colonel Dalton places the Kacharis in the same group with the Kirantis—the latter are placed under the head of “ Northern borderers,”’ and the former under “ Po- pulation of the Assam valley.” The dispersion of a race of hunters like the Kiratas was natural, and it was helped toa large extent by the Aryan settlers pushing them on further and further as they spread, and that will account for the wide range they now occupy. No. 2. Hayasyas, Haioos or Hayas. The horse-faced race. _ Dr. Campbell gives a tradition that the Hayas originally “came from Lanka, having left that country after the defeat of their king Ravana by Ramachandra ; but the Raksha king Ravana is still their hero and god, and they have no other. They say that they remained a long time in the Deccan, whence they journeyed on to Semrounghar, in the days of its glory, and that lastly, but a long time ago, reached the hills, their present abode.” Now the Kinnaras, or heavenly choristers, were described by the poets of India as living in the Himalaya under Kuvera, the Indian Plutus, and they were yclept Hayasyas or horse-faced, an epithet which is well accounted for when we read the physical traits of the modern Haioos or Hyas in Hodgson. The tradition of their being the kinsmen of Ravana is explained by the fact that in the Ramayana, Kuvera, the lord of the Hyasyas, is styled the step-brother of Ravana. Again, the Hyasyas were designated Kinnaras, which means, men of ugly features. Mr. Hodgson’s description certifies the deformity of this people very plainly and pointedly, as will be seen in the following extract : “The physiognomy of this tribe is rather of the Mongolian cast, the bridge of the nose is not perceptibly raised, the cheek bones are flattened and very high, the forehead narrow.” This description may be applied generally to all the offshoots of the Mongolian race inhabiting the sub-Himalayas. The profile and full face sketches given by Hodgson at page 78, Vol. XVII, Part 1 of the Journal of the Society, fully justify the Indo-Aryan writers in designating the race with the epithet Zuranga-vadanas or horse-faced. Mr. Hodgson defines the Kirant country thus :— 1. Sunkosi to Likhu, 2. Likhu to Arun. ena 3. Arun to Mechi. 4, Singilela ridge. } Limbuan, 12 R. Banerji—Ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. [ Jan. He observes that the Khombuan and the Limbuan are, at all events, closely allied races; and according to Dr. Campbell, in the generic term Limbu, are included the Kirantis, the Eakas (Hodgson Yukhas), 2 @. Yakshas, and Kais. That the Kiraétas and Yakshas herded together or occupied the same region of Himalayas in Ancient India may be gathered from the following extract from Kalidasa : faafieaat aia qarar faaarae: | aan faraeay: Ger aifaat are aa The Kimpurushas were the Kinnaras, ¢. e. the Hayasyas, 7. e. the modern Haioos. That they originally migrated from Mongolia may be deduced from the fact of Hindu geographers placing the Kimpurusha varsha, or the coun- try of the Kimpurushas, between the Himalaya and Hemakuta or Altai mountains.* | Noisa: Yakshas = Eakas or Yakhas. These people are thus described in the Puranas. “ The Yakshas are the servants of Kuvera, moving in pairs, with storax and stones in their hands, dark as collyrium, their faces deformed, eyes a dull brown, their statures enormous: they are dressed in crimson robes and crystal beads. Some of them are of high shoulder-bones.” This description, however, is totally contradicted by Kalidasa, who describes the wife of his exiled Yaksha, in the following glowing lines : “'There, in the fane, a beauteous creature stands, The first best work of the Creator’s hand ; Whose slender limbs inadequately bear A full-orbed bosom, and a weight of care ; Whose teeth like pearls, whose lips like Bimbas show, And fawn-like eyes still tremble as they glow.” (Wilson’s translation). The contradiction, however, may be easily accounted fur when we call to mind the difference between the matter-of-fact description of the Puranas with that of the great poet of Ujjayini, replete with elevated fancy and ima- gination. The Puranic description agrees best with modern ethnology. The ancients knew well that the country of the Yakshas was the land of the pine and turpentine. The Sanskrit for Pinus longifolia and turpentine is Yaksha Dhupa, or incense of the Yakshas. This “is a native of the Hima- layas, at elevations of 5 to 600 feet, and also found in the Kherree Pass, the entrance to Nepal. The wood is light, and being full of resinous matter, like the Pinus Deodara, both are frequently employed in the hills for making torches, as pieces of other species often are in other parts of the world. A * wage asad fearqeeaRcaM aay | 1874:.] R. Banerji—Zdentification of Aboriginal Tribes. 13 very fine turpentine is obtained as an exudation from incisions made on the trunk.” The tree is sometimes called Sarala, or straight, on account, no doubt, of its erect shape. It is thus noticed by Kalidasa: “Hark! the gales whistling through the woods of pine, Urging to madness all the straining boughs That twist and chafe and bend and intertwine, The latent flame to wildest fury rouse, Singeing the long hair of the mountain cows. Quick ! rain a thousand torrents on the crest Of the kind hill and cool his burning brows : With wealth of water thou art richly blest, And fortune’s sweetest fruit is aiding friends distrest. V. 55. Griffith’s translation of the Meghaduta. A very aromatic unguent was said to have been much used by the an- cient Yakshas called Yaksha Kardama or Cerate of the Yakshas, composed of camphor, agallocham, musk and kakkola (Myrica sapida?) All these ingredients, excepting agallocham, are productions of the sub-Himalayan range. In the Meghaduta, the following verses shew that the Yakshas were in the habit of burning incense or aromatic powders in their bedrooms. “ Here filled with modest fears, the Yaksha’s bride Her charms from passion’s eagerness would hide ; The bold presumption of her lover’s hands To cast aside the loosened vest, withstands ; And, feeble to resist, bewildered, turns Where the rich lamp with lofty radiance burns ; And vainly whelms it with a fragrant cloud Of scented dust, in hope the light to shroud.” Wilson’s translation of the Meghaduta. The following extract again shews that the Yakshas must have been great experts in architecture and the art of painting :— “ And she* has charms which thought but there extols ; High as thyself her airy turrets soar, And from her gilded palaces there swells The voice of drums, loud as thy thundeyr’s roar ; Thy pearls are mockt by many a jewelled floor, Come, with the glories of thy bow compare The varied tints on arch and corridor : And, for thy lightning in the midnight air, Look in her maiden’s eyes and own a rival there.” Griffith's translation of the Meghadita. * Alaka, the city of the Yakshas. 14 ~R. Banerji—ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. [ Jan. We have no description of the houses of the modern Yakshas, but we have that of the houses of a cognate tribe, the Bhutias, which shews that “in the construction of their houses, they are rather in advance of their neigh- bours of the plains. They are compared to small farm-houses in England and to Swiss cottages, built generally of rubble-stone and clay of two, three, and sometimes of four stories: all the floors are neatly boarded with deal, and on two sides are well constructed verandas ornamented with carved and painted woodwork. One of these is sometimes enclosed for the women, the front opening by sliding panels when they wish to peep. The workman- ship displays considerable skill in joining, the panelling being very good of its kind.” The description in Sanskrit quoted above was that of a Prasada, a temple according to the commentator. Compare the above description with that of a modern temple visited by the writer in 1849 :— “Tt isa square building with gable ends anda thatched projecting roof under the gable, facing the north ; there is a projecting balcony in front of a large bay window which lights a recess at the opposite end of the temple containing three large Buddhist images, all seated in the usual cross-legged attitude of absorbed contemplation. ‘They appeared to be formed of clay, and were exceedingly well executed and resplendent with gilding. The apartment, about 20 feet square, is boarded, and the walls are entirely covered with painting, of figures in similar penitential attitudes but differently dressed. = . = 2 The colours were parti- cularly brilliant and well chosen, and the drawing tolerably correct to heigh- ten the effect. A priest’s house also of stone and two-storied, was near the temple; and with its projecting roof and balconies was a picturesque effect.” | No. 4. Bhillas—Bhils or Bheels. The following is a description of a Bhilli or Bheel woman from the Hyagriva-vadha Kavya. “The Bhilla damsel, clad in leaves girt with a creeper, was reclining on the brow of a hill, whilst her husband was engaged in decorating her locks with hill-jessamines, culled by herself.”* This description puts one in mind of the Patua or Juanga wo- men so graphically described and illustrated by Col. Dalton. Very likely the Bhil women had not given up the verdant foliage for their dress, when the Hyagriva-vadha was composed ; but a hypothesis may be started as to the origin of the Bhillas of Rajpatana and the Judngas of Keonjhar. It is a puzzle to ethnologists whether the Bhils and the Kols do not belong to the same aboriginal stock. Mr, Forbes Ashburner, * quqweasuadtatatcafageatta artg faa | ~ iN gataaq fact gu fara SRAUTHIMSGAT ATT Il 1874. ] R. Banerji—dentification of Aboriginal Tribes. 15 the Rev. Mr. Dunlop Moore, Sir John Malcolm, Captain Probyn and other authorities are of opinion that the Kols or Kolis and the Bhils are not distinct races, and we know that the Juangas or Janguds are a subdivision of the Kolarian race, the conjecture therefore follows that the Kolarian race with allits branches was known to the Purdénie writers under the generic name of Bhillas, for we have hitherto failed to find in the Puranas and the poetic literature of the middle ages any description or details of the Kols distinct from those of the Bhils. The Bramha Vaivarta Purana ascribes the origin of the Kols to a Fivara mother. Parasara and others say that the Bhillas were born of a Tivara father and a Bhrahmani mother.* The Bhils speak a sort of Hindi throughout their haunts in Rajpttana, and they are much more Hinduized in their habits and customs than most of the other aboriginal tribes of Southern India. Indeed, the elder Hindu writers classed them among the Antyajas or lowest castes of the Hindus. It has been already noticed that the great Parasara, the father of the still greater Vyasa, ascribes their origin to a Brahmani mother and Tivara father ; the Tivara is the modern Tiar of Northern India and Bengal, and the Tivaras according to the same authority were the offspring of a Chur- naka woman by a Pundraka, both very low castes, the- Churnakars are the Chunaris or makers of Chunam; and these facts show that the Bhillas were considered from a very early period to be a cross between an Aryan and an aboriginal tribe. Later writers, particularly lexicographers, it is true, classed them among the mlechchhas, but neither Manu nor the other lawgivers have done so. Parasara appears to be a great tolerator of all the hated tribes, and this may be accounted for by the fact, that he himself begot Vyasa by a Kaivarta woman called Matsyagandha or she of fishy-smell. Her son, Vyasa, of course, gives her a Kshatriya origin by a most unnatural myth, though he admits her to be the nursling of Dosa, the Kaivarta chief. Now these Kaivartas have been classed along with the Bhils in one of the law books of the Hindus.| So we have not only the Kaivartas but the Rajakas (washermen) and the Charmakars (leather dressers) in this category. The Charmakars are scarcely considered as Hindus. Sir George Campbell, speaking of them in his Ethnology of India says “'They used to be sworn in a Court by a peculiar guru of their own, not by the ordinary name : uta ae fuara Wail aay UTan: | HVAC SS IT Bag VfaTTPar il Va F AMAIA RYT ATAU F | + CHAWHAITY TST GUS UTA F | RAW oe HAY GHA ARIAT Ta afa srafanas | 16 R. Banerji—Ldentification of Aboriginal Tribes. [ JAN, of God.” But though the Chamars are hated as outcastes and helots to this day, their congeners, the Kaivartas and Rajakas, are not—at least in Bengal. The late millionaire lady Rasmani Dasi of Janbazar was a Kaivarta, and the first man of Calcutta, who interpreted the English merchants to the weavers ~ of Sutaloti, was a Rajaka, or washerman ; his name was Kali or Kalan Sarkar, . and one of the streets in the native part of the town still bears his name : he is said to have been the foremost native of influence in Calcutta during his time. The Kaivartas, the Rajakas, and the Chamars have much im- proved in physique and complexion ; in fact some of them are as fair as the fairest of Brahmans, owing to their constant contact with the Indo-Aryans, but their old brother Bhilla still retains the same Ethiopian colour and diminutive stature which characterised him when Parasara found him in his jungle home thousands of years ago. The modern Bhils do not appear to be so exclusive as other branches of the great Kolarian race. Sir George Campbell says: “ It seems very strange that they should have no language of their own;”’ and we are given to understand by Col. Tod that the Oondru Bhil “ still claim the privilege of performing the ¢eeka on the inauguration of the descendants of Bappa,” and that the Bhumia Bhil chief of Oguna Panora “ is of mixed blood, from the Solanki Rajput, on the old stock of pure (Oogla) Bhils.” It is a curious fact, that the autochthones of India preside prominently in the coro- nation of their Aryan conquerors to this day, in many places. The interesting scene witnessed by Colonel Dalton in Kaunjhar on the occasion of the late inauguration of young Dhananjaya Bhanga, is an instance of this misdirected loyalty ; but this interchange of good offices and blending of two different races are the natural consequence of the promiscuous association we have had in India from the days when Rama conquered Ceylon with his aboriginal cohorts to the days when Seringapatam and Assaye were surrendered. In the later poems of the Hindus, we find that in the Sayambara or the ceremony of proud daughters of the solar and lunar royal races in the choosing of their husbands, even the outcaste Bhilla and other aboriginal chieftains were invited, and sat side by side with the flowers of Kshatriya chivalry and heroism. In concluding this paper, I may notice en passant a curious mistake committed by Col. Tod where he translated “Vena Putra” as children of the forest. Vena Putra means the children of Vena, the notorious infidel king, in whose time intermarriages of the original four great castes were allowed, whence originated all the Antyajas who represent the lower orders of the Hindu community. CFLEg 1874.] C. Brownlow—A Mikir Bachelors’ Hail. 17 Mr. Phear said if the identifications were well founded, as to which an opinion could hardly be formed upon the short extract from the paper which had been read, they would be valuable contributions to ancient Hindu his- tory. The interest, and at the same time the difficulty of questions such as those dealt with by the paper, might be illustrated by some curious facts. Col. Dalton in his Ethnology of Bengal remarks, that the dances of the Santal girls of the present day almost precisely correspond with the descrip= tion given in the Vishnu Purana of the dances of the cow-girls in which Krishna formed the centre point, and he, Mr. Phear, would say from his own observation, that he thought it impossible for any one who witnessed the joyous light-hearted dances of the young people both Ordons and Kols on the Chutia Nagpadr plateau not to be at once struck with their resemblance to the scenes of the Puranic traditions. And thus we seemed to have arrived at the noteworthy fact, that:marked peculiarities of social manners and habits, which the Puranas depict as obtaining among supposed Aryans of the purest water, are now to be observed among non-Aryans ; and it may be added are to be observed there exclusively, for it is hardly too much to say that the hilarious enjoyment of life, and the vivacious dances still to be seen on the outside of the Hindu populations, have become at this time, whatever was the case in the days of antiquity, foreign to the Hindus. It is also remark- able that perhaps the best illustration, which could be given of the system of internal state administration among the ancient Aryans, so far as it is dis- closed to us by Manu, would be drawn from the actual administrative organization of the Kol, z. e. non-Aryan, community as it existed down to very recent times. 5. Description of a Bachelor's Hall among the Mikir Tribes, Assam, with certain Symbols connected therewith.— By C. Browntow, Esq., Kachhar. At a point on the Gumrah river where it makes its exit from the north Kachhar range, or rather just where it leaves the higher ridges and comes out among low outlying hillocks on which stands the tea plantation of Kalline- cherra, at this point and nearly opposite the Kallinecherra garden, is one of those old fortifications that occur at points all along the range. It consists of an earthwork thrown up along the south face of the hill, and all along the top of the mound there are traces of ancient masonry- work now fallen to pieces or removed. The bricks are large and squarish, not very thick, and well burnt. On the mound stands an immense Artocarpus (Cham) tree, which must have taken root after the mound was formed and which is certainly not less and probably much more, than a hundred years old. The west side of the fortification is a steep natural scarp descending sheer down to the river, and on the east side is aravine almost equally steep. The position is 18 C. Brownlow—A Ikir Bachelors’ Hall. [ Jan. admirably selected, and might, with a little repair, and a few additions, be made almost impregnable. The interior of the entrenchment is at present occupied by a Mikir village consisting of 8 or 10 houses which are built on piles at a good height above the ground, each house having a bit of open platform in front on which the people sit in the evenings and sleep at nights. There is no palaver house as in Kachhari villages. The Bachelors’ Hall which it is the immediate object of this paper to describe, is situate on one side of the village, a little apart; it is well built and stands on piles like the the rest, and is matted with the wild bamboo turza, or matting made of the bamboo beaten at the joints until well split and then opened out, this is the matting used in all habitations of hill-men that are anywhere near the jungle and that are built on piles. There is a front stage to the Hall which is reached by a wooden ladder consisting of a log with-recesses cut for the foot. On both sides of the stage there are live simul trees (Bombax hepta- phyllum) which have been put in live and have rooted, and on one of them was affixed a plant of that elegant parasite, the Dendrobium bambusifolium. At the entrance there are also several entire bamboos arranged, so as to allow any or all to be lifted up for anybody to pass and then let downagain. At the opposite side of the house inside was the urinary, consisting of a small recess projecting a little way out from the building. Of the figures in the plate, No. 1 is a stick peculiarly carved, which is charred and used for cleaning the teeth. (See Plate IT). No. 2 is a drum used for summoning the lads and unmarried men to sleep. No. 8 is a bundle of sticks used in jhoom measurement. No. 5 is a board fixed over the door which has carved on it certain emblematical figures, which were explained to me as—woman’s. breasts, Che- hang (an alligator ?), Ingnar (elephant), Chiklow (moon). As these symbols may very possibly throw light on the affinities and origin of the tribe I think a notice of them may be of interest to your Society. The Mikir numerals are as follows— isi heni kathom phelee phongo tharok throksi nerkep serkep kep kray so kray hni 10 11 12 Mr. Phear observed that Mr. Wallace in his Malay Archipelago men- tioned the institution of Bachelors’ Halls among the Dyaks of Borneo; and he said that the same thing still existed in one or two Oraon villages in the neighbourhood of Ranchi. Proceedings As. Soc. Bengal. No. i 1874 9 {}i , | iN Aw Mt IN SA. et ; \ \ \ i A 4 A S a any = = SA qerrene ako GAN SOS 7 te. ie WE oo ty ne —S V3 PRG Iss DSN Sos XEN ros USANA | 119) | omen a ———— anne =P Neon ~ wii +e em a ae ae 6 Stick for cleaning teeth, end charred. j 5 v y Mer 7 ail Drum for summoning Young Mer to the Hail. Bundle of Sticks for Surveying Jhoom. Urinary. am G bk Board over door representing Chehang (Alligator?), Ingnar (Blephant), Chiklow (Moon), and Woman’s breasis. . ’ 6 Bachelor’s Hall. Aa Upeed, _—~H 7 { 4 Bm | HS ns Ree f & e | a NY, ad [eae _ Le var Vez Lae J} =: = ~ Piete ii. 1874. | H. J. Ramey—Ldentification of Towns in Jessore. 19 6. Note on the (probable) identity of Fattapoer and Sjatterapoer in Van den Broucke’s Map of Bengal (1660, A. D.) with Fathpir and Jétrapur, respectively, on the Bhairab River, in the Jessore District.—By H. J. Rarey, Esq. I observe in Mr. Blochmann’s “ Contributions to the Geography and History of Bengal” that he refers (p. 221) to a road from Bardwan, over Salimabad, Haeli, Jesar, Bosnah, Fathabad, across the river to Sjattera- poer, etc., and in a footnote it is stated—“ Rennell gives Satrapur ; but modern maps give no such name.” I regret I have not here a copy of Rennell’s map to refer to, but on glancing over the southern portion of Van den Broucke’s map (obtained by me from M. Cartamberd, Paris, and published by Mr. H. D. Sandeman, C. S., in “Selections” from Calcutta Gazette, Vol. IV, as “Map of the Soonderbunds in 1724’), I find Jessoor (Jessore) to be situate on the left bank of a river, and Fattapoer to the N. E. of it, on the right bank of a river, from whence across the river we have Sjatterapoer, on the confluence of a large river from the N. W. and a comparatively small stream from the Ne HE: On comparing the above map with sheet 121 of the Indian Atlas of the Survey Department, there can be no doubt whatever, I think, that Jessoor given in the former, corresponds with Jessore-Iswaripur, on the left bank of the Jabuné (Jamun4), which city flourished under the famous Raji Prata- paditya (immortalized by Bharat Chandra in his charming poem of Bidya Sundar), during the close of the sixteenth, and commencement of the seventeenth century ; and the Dutch map was prepared in 1660, accord- ing to Mr. Blochmann, p. 242. Sjatterapoer I have little hesitation in identifying with Jatrdpar, on the right bank of the Bhairab River, a place of some consequence, where there is a considerable Bazar, a short distance from the Mausoleum, etc., of the local Muhammadan warrior and saint, Khan Jahan ’Ali. The Bhairab is mow a narrow and shallow stream at Jatraptr, but the name of the river signifies “ the dreadful ;”’ hence it will not be wrong, I think, to infer that it was then a large river. I may add, that it is not unusual to find in the olden maps that the letter ‘S’ has been prefixed to the name of a place having ‘ J’ for its initial letter, e. g. ‘ Sjanabath’,for Jahanabad. Fattapoer I take to be Fathptr, a well-known village in my fami- ly zamindari, appertaining to Parganah Hogla, on the right bank of the Bhairab (not marked on the map), not far from the Sub-Division of Khulna, close to, and east of, the junction of the Atharabanka with the river before named. The position of Fathptr, as here indicated, between Jessore-Iswariptir, and Jatraptr is almost precisely the same as that occupied by Fattapoer, with Jessoor on one side, and Sjatterapoer on the 20 H. J. Rainey—Jdentification of Towns in Jessore. [J AN, other ; and, the only apparent difficulty is as regards the wide stream be- tween Fattapoer and Sjatterapoer, shown in Van den Broucke’s map, while Fathpir and Jatraptr are both on the same side of the river. But my knowledge of the locality, and acquaintance with its traditions, enable me to state positively, that the waters of some of the northern rivers of Jessore did not formerly meet opposite the sub-division of Khulna, and flow down the Rupsaha* (Roopsa), but some distance to the eastward, through the Jogikhali and Gopi Nadi} (the former is fast silting up, and the latter is entirely closed) into the Pasar (Pussur). Besides, we have the dry bed of a river, called by the natives Mara Gang, or “ dead river,” which apparently ran between Fathptr, and discharged itself into either the Gopi Nadi or Jogikhali, and thus communicated with the Pasar. From Van den Broucke’s map, it would appear that the Ganges probably near the existing station of Kustiya (Koosteah) divided into two branches ; one running in a south-westerly direction down the Jabuna under Jessor-Iswaripur, and the other in a south-easterly direction down the river under Jatraptr, the name of which river I cannot trace. That the Ganges has changed its course considerably, is generally known, and on this head the remarks of Dr. Oldham, an acknowledged authority on the subject, may be aptly quoted: ‘It is also certain in this peculiar delta, the general course of the main waters of the Ganges has gradually tracked from the west to the east, until of late years the larger body of the waters of the Ganges have united with those of the Brahmaputra and, have together proceeded to the sea as the Megna.” Vide Proc. As. Soc., Feb. 1870. On the whole, I venture to think, that we may reasonably conclude the identity of Sjatterpoer with Jatrapur, and Fattapoer with Fath- par, to be almost, if not quite, established. And if it be so, then Van den Broucke’s map is utterly wrong in placing Noldy to the 8. E. of those two, places, instead of in a diametrically opposite direction, wz. N. W., provided it was meant for “the town and mahall of Noldi (Naldi) on the Noboganga,” as surmised by Mr. Blochmann, (p. 231.) At any rate, I confi- dently submit, Jessor is meant for Jessore-Iswaripur, and such being the case, Noldy would not exactly be to the south-east of Jessore, but to the north-east thereof. The receipt of the following communication was announced— 1. Annals of ’Oman, translated from the Kashf-ul-Ghummah by Col. E, C. Ross, Political Agent at Muscat. * This was originally a mere #Adl, or small creek, excavated by one Rip Saha, a Salt Merchant (from whom it derives its name) towards the close of the last century, to connect the Bhairab and Pasar rivers, and thus facilitate the progress of boats laden with salt proceeding down to Calcutta. Itis nowa wide and turbulent river, but the ferry ghat at Khulna is still known us Rip-Khali-Ghat. H. J. R. + Neither of these are shown in the Survey Map. H. J. R. 1874.] — Library. 21 LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the meeting held in December last. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XXI, No. 146. G. W. Royston-Pigott.—Researches in Circular Solar Spectra, applied to test Re- siduary Aberration in Microscopes and Telescopes. —__» The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, August, 1873. Mr. Schindler—On the Geology of Kazirun, Persia. P. M. Duncan—On the genus Paleocoryne (Duncan and Jenkins) and its affinities. THE GxroLtoeicaL Socrery oF Lonpon. Journal of the Statistical Society, Vol. XXXVI, Part IT, Secs. 1 and 2. Part III. Part IL. Sec. 1. &. B. Martin.—Notes on the Purchase of the Railways by the State. Part III. The Progress of Indian Finance. THE SratistTicaL Society oF Lonpon. Journal of the East Indian Association, Vol. VII, No. 2. The Land Question in India. Tue East Inpia Assocration, Lonpon. Journal Asiatique Nos. 4, 5, 1873. No. 41. UM. F. Fagnan—Observations sur les Coudées du Mekyas. IZ. Halévy—Etudes Sabéennes, examen critique et philologique des inscriptions sabéennes connues jusqu’ a ce jour. M. Belin—Bibliographie Ottomane, ou Notice des livres Turcs imprimés 4 Con- stantinople durant les années 1288 et 1589 de Vhégire. MM. Barbier de Meynard—Bib- liotheca Geographorum Arabicorum. Tue Asratic Society or Paris. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Septembre, Octobre, 1873. Septembre. J. Halévy—Voyage au Nedjran. Dr. Martin—Pékin : sa météorologie, son édilité, sa population. Octobre. C. Grad—Résultats scientifiques des explorations de Océan glacial 4 Yest de Spitzbergen ; en 1871. THE GEOGRAPHICAL SocreTy OF PaRIs. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Band XXVII, Heft IIT. H. von. Maltzan—Dialectische Studien tiber das Mehri im Vergleich mit ver- wandten Mundarten. Dr. O. Blau—Altarabische Sprachstudien. II. Dr. H. fF. Mégling—Jeimini Bharata, 2 Kapitel, aus dem Kanaresischen umschrieben, tibersetzt und erliutert. 2. Schrader—Die Abstammung der Chaldier und die Ursitze der Semiten. J. Grill—Uber das Verhiltniss der Indogermanischen und der Semitischen Sprachwur- zeln. Tur GERMAN OgrenTAL Society, LErIpzia, Monatsbericht der Koniglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenchaften zu Berlin, Juni, Juli, August, 1873. 22 LTnbrary. | [JAN Juni. Peters—Uber einige zu der Gattung Cynonycteris gehérige Arten der Fleder- hunde und iiber Megaderma cor. Juli. Aug. Jacobi—Beitrag zur Zeitbestimmung Kalidasa’s. Tue Royat Prusstan ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BERLIN. The Christian Spectator, January 1874. Tue Eprror. On the Nature and probable Origin of the Superficial Deposits in the Valleys and Deserts of Central Persia, by W. T. Blanford, F. G. S. THe AUTHOR. The Indian Antiquary, December, 1878, Major J. W. Watson—Legend of the Rani Tunk. Rev. C. HL. Kennet—Notes on the Saiva-siddhanta. Rev. FF. J. Leeper—The Naladiyar. A. C. Burnell—On the Colossal Jain Statue at Karkala. J. Burgess—Papers on Satrunjayaand the Jains. G. A. Damnant—Legends from Dinajptr. AH. H. Rama Varma—lInscriptions in the Pagodas of Tirkurangudi in Tinnevelli and of Suchindram in South Travancore. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, | Report on the Financial Results of the Excise Administration in the Lower Provinces for 1872-73. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Report of the Land Revenue Settlement of the Lucknow District, by Mr. H. H. Butts, Offig. Settlement Officer. Report upon the Revenue Administration in the Province of Oudh for 1872. Fyzabad Settlement Reports Nos. 2 and 3, 1865, by P. Carnegy. Historical Sketch of Fyzabad Tehsil, including the former Capitals, Ajudhia and Fyzabad, by P. Carnegy, (Illustrated with Photographs). Selections from Records,—Groves.—Indebtedness of Cultivators.—-Sar- dah Canal. Annual Report upon the Administration of the Province of Oudh for 1871-72 and 1872-73. Tue CHier CoMMISSIONER OF OUDH. Report on the Sanitary Administration of the Panjab for 1872. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PANJAB, Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India for 1872. THE Sanrrary COMMISSIONER. Report on the Administration of the Central Provinces for 1872-73. Tue CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCEs, Reports on the Administration of Mysore for 1866-67 to 1871-72. 6 Vols. Tue CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF Mysore, 1874.] Library. 23 Purchase. Comptes Rendus, Vol. 77 Nos. 5-13. No. 8. IM. P. Bert—Recherches expérimentales sur I’ influence que les changements dans la pression barométrique exercent sur les phénoménes de la vie. No. 10. MM. Tacchini—Nouvelles observations relatives 4 la présence du Magnésium sur le bord du Soleil, et réponse 4 quelques points de la théorie émise par M. Faye. No. 11. MM. Ch. Pellarin—Ues déjections cholériques, agent de transmission du Choléra. | No. 12. IM. P. A. Favre—Recherches thermiques sur la condensation des gaz par les corps solides (suite): Absorption de Phydrogéne par le noir de platine. IM. P. Truchot— Sur la proportion d’acide carbonique existant dans lair atmosphérique. Variation de cette proportion avec Valtitude. No. 13. MM. EH. Mathieu et V. Urbain.—Du rile des gaz dans la coagulation de Palbumine. WM. Déclat—Sur un nouveau traitement du choléra et probablement de la fiévre jaune par acide phénique et le phénate @’ammoniaque au moyen des injections sous-cutanées. Journal des Savants, Septembre, 1873. Revue Archéologique, Septembre, 1873. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 9, 1873. (Review.) The Thanatophidia of India—Description des serpents venimeux de la péninsula indienne, par M. J. Fayrer. Revue des Deux Mondes, Vol. CVI. No. 4, Vol. CVII. Nos. 1, 2, 3. Ist Septr. MM. C. Lévéque—lLe sens du Beau chez les Bétes—Le Darwinisme. Psychologique et la Psychologie comparée. The L. E, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, September, and October, 1873. September. 2. Hdlund—An enquiry into the nature of Galvanic Resistance, together with a Theoretic Deduction of Ohm’s Law and the Formula for the Heat developed by a Galvanic Current. G'. B. Airy—Experiments on the Directive power of large Steel Magnets, of bars of Magnetized Soft Iron and of Galvanic Coils in their action on External small Magnets. Lord Rayleigh—On the Nodal lines of a Square Plate. 4A. Barthélemy—On the Passage of Gases through Colloid Membranes of Vegetable Origin. J. MZ. Champion and Pellet—On Explosions produced by High Tone. October. A. Tribe—Specific-gravity Bottle for Liquids spontaneously Inflammable in contact with Air. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, September, and October, 1873. September. H. W.Bates—On the Longicorn Coleoptera of Japan. Dr. A. Ginther. —Report on a collection of Fishes from China. Dr. J. #. Gray—On the Black and Ashy Grey Double-horned Asiatic Rhinoceroses. MM. L. Cienkowski—On Noctiluca miliaris, Sur. Dr. J. E. Gray—Sponges from Ceylon. Profr. T. Thorelli—Necessity of a Common Language in Natural Science. October. H. W. Bates—On the Longicorn Coleoptera of Japan. Dr. J. B. Gray— Additional Notes on the Form of the Bones in the Sternum of very young Tortoises and their Development. Dr. C. &. Liitken—On Spontaneous Division in the Hehinodermata and other Radiata. J. Wood-Mason—On Rhopalorhynchus Kréyeri, a new genus and 24) Lnbrary. [JAn. species of Pycnogonida. J. Wood-Mason—Note on certain species of Phasmide hitherto referred to the genus Bacillus. The Quarterly Journal of Science, No. XL. October, 1873. H. C. Sorby.—On Comparative Vegetable Chromatology. The American Journal of Science, August, and September, 1873. August. A.M. Mayer—On the effects of Magnetization in changing the Dimensions of Iron and Steel bars, and in increasing the Interior Capacity of Hollow Iron Cylinders. J. D. Dana—On some results of the Earth’s Contraction from cooling. Part IV, Igneous Hjections, Volcanoes. September. J.D. Dana—On some results of the Earth’s Contraction from cooling ; Part V., Formation of the Continental Plateaus and Oceanic Depressions. ZH. W. Morley —Apparatus for rapid filtration.—Birds with Teeth.—Petroleum of Upper Burmah.—In- dia-rubber or Caoutchouc of Upper Burmah. The Westminster Review, October, 1873. Pratna karma Nandini, Vol. VI, No. 8. Harold’s Coleopterologische Hefte, IX-X. Monographie der Gattung Zrox.—Literatur. Exchange. Nature Nos. 110-114. The Atheneum. August and September, 1878. Ocean Highways, Vol. 1, Nos. 1-9, April to Dee., 1873. No. 1. The Caspian and the Region to the Kastward. Dr. F. P. Smith—The great Rivers of China. No. 2. C. #. Austin—Railway communication between London and Calcutta. Prof. A. Vambéry.—The Steppes to the North of Bokhara. The Naga Hills. (Surveying work of Major H. H. Godwin-Austen). No. 8. Captain A. D. Taylor—The Harbours of India. No. 4. Revd. G. P. Badger—Khiva or Khuwarizm. No. 5. Col. H. Yule—On Northern Sumatra and especially Achin. Revd. G. P. Badger—The Oxus. Commander A. D. Taylor.—Indian Harbours; Il. R. Michell. Travels of M. Fedchenko in Kokand. No. 6. Revd. G. P. Badger—Transoxiana. No. 7. Narrative of a visit to the Kuh-i-Khwajah in Sistan. 4. W. Dilke—A visit to Kuldja. No. 8. Baron F. von Richthofen—Distribution of Coal in China. PDO Os Meteorological Observations. XC1V Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of December 1878. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. Range of the Tempera- ture during the day. The Mean Hei ght of the Barometer 4 2 iS £8 _| Range of the Barometer | "2 x 28 during the day. FA +s ace 3 Ps oO =a Date. FH Bo A | =a aS qo | Max. Min Diff. Ss Max. oq 7 ae! “Inches. Tnches. Inches. | Inches. Oo Oo 1 | 30.002 30.073 | 29.995 0.148) 731 | 815 2 | 29.990; .056) 930) 126) 744 | 827 3 Some |) O76 ||) '57o,.)° 199 | | 73.9 78.6 4 | 29.996|) 071) .931| .140| 728 | 80.4 ig, 090) 049), -950/, .099| 71.9 80.5 6 P0019 | 92)’ 78 |) .114| 72.8 | 80.0 | O24 | 098 | 965 | Ass; | 72:8 80.6 gS | O56 | 420. | .979 | MAN.) PRO Ege? 9 032 103.968 135 | 718°) 81.5 i0 05 | 131 | 991 SAO: |. 1 72.8) |e S26 ll 062 | 10: |. 300012 093: | | 72.3 La 78:0 12 ~ .093 .160 | .O34. 126 Loot SOLO) 13 089} .177| .025| .162| 69.9 | 77.8 14 044} .122°| 99.974} .148| 68.4 | 77.0 215 .066 -130 | 30.019 IT fy GS. de «| 12788 me 407 380) .088| .122| 697 | 78:4 ) 119 197 | .060 137 69.6 78.0 18 059 .146 |. 29.980 .166 69.6 78.4 19 OOO 086 | 944, 142 69.3 735 20 29.996 | .079 | .938 ead \-G8.46 | 1 78:3 21 30.055 waz... SOL 136 69-1 18.5 99 O72| 140; 023) 117 | 67.5 | 76.5 93 .051 139 -\- 29:989 .150 68.0 77.5 24, 29.996 O66 | .933 i133 67.8 78.0 25 30.004. O80 | 955 125 66.9 17.8 26 009 | .086 .958 .128 67.6 78.3 97 29.966 | 064) .897 67 68.1 79.6 28 911 | 29.988 862 1123 69.8 80.0 29 951 30-013 .898 Wika | 67.3 74.0 30 30.004. | O87 .946 Wal (2 62:9 Vig as 31 015 | O95 | 954 141 | 63.4 ioe Min. | Diff. Or Or Gd G> Or Ousy es HO ¢ Or OO LO Or Or , as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. * Kev. Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, au the month of December 1878. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.) Pay ‘ e Gey . Cy ° ' E GA Be Jk 2 eH | 88s tee. = E S A 3 Se | Boe as 2 in AY o 3 - JOP s H ae © q = oy a dB iy, S 5 E oS a pis = a Oo 2 ep Dated ede oe BN \a $ eo | {fe |Bae o o . esac nt) fs Peol|a.]|2 7] Be ee,| be. | seals "Al | S| frase FerAl (ese yh ee rm eee ao a S) a8 eS aS eee o & Ps 5 Fapy oe og Be Oo Lords S A O A a ee = | ) o) co) os) Inches Tigr. 4 Tees | 1 68.2 4.9 64.3 8.8 0.603 6.60 2.19 0.75 2 69.7 4.7 66.4 8.0 .646 7.06 .O9 Ad 3 67.4 6.5 62.8 eA 574 6.27 7A, 70 A 64.5 8.3 57.9 14.9 488 5.33 3.38 61 5 63.1 8.8 56.1 15.8 459 .U3 45 59 6 63.6 8.2 O70 14.8 A473 8 27 61 Y 64.6 8.2 58.0 14.8 A89 3d one ae cy | 3 63.1 7.9 56.8 14,2 470 16 .O9 .63 9 64.5 7:3 58.7 IS:1 601 94 2.96 68 i0 67.5 5.2 63.3 9.4, O84 6.39 29 74 11 69.8 2.5 67.8 4.5 677 7.41 Lavy. .86 ]2 68.3 5.9 64.4 9.4, 605 6.62 2.36 TA sy 63.3 6.6 58.0 11.9 489° 5.38 .60 .67 14 61.2 fier 55.4: 13.0 449 4.95 .67 .65 16 62.3 6.4, 57.2 dls. 476 5.24 45 .68 16 62.6 7.1 56.9 12.8 472 18 tS 65 17 63.5 6.1 58.6 11.0 499 50 40 70 18 63.8 5.8 59.2 10.4 .BO9 .62 .28 71 19 63.8 5.5 59.4 9.9 6135 64 19 72 20 63.4 6.0 58.0 10.8 499 50 .36 70 a 21 61.9 7.2 56.1 13.0 | .409 .06 we .65 29 60.2 7.2 514 13 434 4.79 63 65 23 61.3 6.7 bo.o 12.1 456 5.04 .49 .67 2 I, 61.2 6.6 Hey V1.9. |) 406 04 44, .67 25 60.2 6.7 BAS Ol peel .440 4.86 A2 67 26 61.4 3.2 56.4 11.2 464 5.12 B32 69 27 62.9 5.2 58.7 9.4, 501 54 Ol 73 28 64.4, 5.4, 60.1 9. 525 ag 18 73 99 | > 62.5 4.8 58.7 8.6 501 54, |. 488 75 30 58.2 bf 53.1 10.8 415 4.63 2.00 70 ol 58.2 5.2 53.0 9:9 421 .69 1.84 42 Ail the Hygrometrical elements ar@ computed by the Greenwich Constants, - Meteorological Observations Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Caleutta, a the mouth of December 1878. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hype mc e elements dependent thereon. Range of the Barometer b Range of the Tempera- ay os — = 8 a for each hour during a S ture for each hour ie g 4 the month. 8 during the month. taal Hour.) & ae A 5 | geass | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 28 | Max. | Min. | Dit aa | ae Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) fo) ) o Mid- night.| 30.032 | 30.123 | 29.916 | 0.207 66.7 73.4 60.0 13.4 1 .023 «Lis 906 207 66.1 a2 58.8 14.4, 2 O14 10. 901 .206 65.4, 72.7 58.0 14.7 3 OOF. ak Gh .893 .208 64.8 72.0 57.5 14.5 4, 002 115 895 .220 64.2 71.8 57.0 14.8 5 O14, 125 I10 215 63.4 71.0 56.0 15.0 6 030 | 138 .923 215 63.2 70.8 55.5 15.3 7 050 | 148 .936 .212 62.9 70.4 55.5 14.9 8 O74 172 .§63 .209 64.6 71.0 56°5 14.5 9 098 DOF .985 .212 68.4, 13.5 61.2 12.3 10 100 195 964 23] 71.8 17.5 64.3 13.2 11 O81 175 94.6 .229 64.6 80.5 66.3 14.2 Noon 050 -fa8 921 217 16.3 81.2 68.3 12.9 if O17 .106 .906 .200 17.5 62.5 70.0 12.5 pe 29999 |: 079 | .892 /) 187, | 78.1 | - 82.7..{ | 70.3. |) 12.4 3 .976 .065 862 .203 78.3 82.5 71.5 IEO A, 970 .060 .862 LOS 76.9 81.3 70.0 11.3 5 .976 O71 863 .208 75.4 79.5 69.0 10.5 6 .990 O77 874, 203 fa.0 78.0 66.4 PG 4 30.006 O98 .536 212 oie 76.7 65.0 PEF 8 022 AIS 902 sl7 70.0 760.01) 63.5 12.5 9 .0356 136 L016 .220 68.8 75.5 62.5 13.0 10 043 shed .925 204, 67.842) 4 74.5 61.5 13.0 : 038 131 | 920 211 67.1 74.0 60.5 13.5 | | The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. s X¢CV11 Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1873. Hourly Means, &ec. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). o ‘3 : : ; a Se fy a ae E Hee) | ae | ees Be | a (E& A E 4 A 5 Be | eee ee mH oy = Oo ND i Se 2 © ) ) G4 45 Or Gees helices 7S dl . E Seats ss |E28 |oes mame) 30i(n | + anil | Fah] Bar| | Siti || eel eee 1 | eee. tas |e eee © 6 = m3 iS) S) O'S, re aq a. q da, = ) eS ee Beg SO by g bo SB a oak les Sq 3 8 Ma | oe | Sa | se eAees A = ) a ai ae) Aone Ae 1 Pp @ceb yb ) o.)| Thelies.! (2) gro oT ex: | Mid- | | / miplit.|.) 620° 1 3,7 60.0 6.7 | 0.523 | 8.79 1.44, 0.80 1 62.4, 3.7 59.4, Cyto eae Ut Ms 42 | .80 2 61.8 3.6 Stee mia i Ody || 4 239 1 eee .80 3 61.3 3.5 58.5 | 6.3 A98 63.1. 330 8] A 60.8 3.4 BI euis | oe 465. |) 338.) ST .80 5 60.3 3.4 Bie a tol eas NP) Sane wal ee .30 .80 6 60.0 3.2 57.1 ch an ee Se 19 82 7 59.7 3.2 56.8 6.1 470 «|. * 25 18 82 8 60.6 4.0 57.4 72 480 | ° .83 45 79 9 62.2 6.2 57.2 11.2 A76 |. 25 2.37 .69 10 63.8 8.0 57.4, 14.4 480 | .26 3.19 62 11 65.3 9.3 68.8 | 15.8 03 Ma} 47 73 .60 | | Noon| 65.8 | 105 | 584 | 179 |. 496 | 38. | 481 56 iL 662.) fia) es" |) 199 AQA? | 985 .69 53 2 66.3 | 11.8 580 °F 120.001) aleutta, in the month of December 1878. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. Date. Max. Solar radiation. 0 125.0 132.8 102.0 123.0 130.0 124.2 | 129.0 | 127.7 ONon & wow NW 132.5 132.0 118.5 126.0 130.0 130.0 129.0 131.5 A 131.5 | 1 ] i 8 130.0. { bp ; WIND. BS Ord]. 535 ia | ele $e =. &| Prevailing Ke | rt an GS direction. i: | eS B sie a se C oO RSH an S Inches ib |Miles. ne ENE | 44.2 Eby N&ENE | 97.9 ENE&NE |... | 151.6 NE&N 0.5 | 174.6 NE&N 168.2 NNE&NE 175.3 NE (27.0 NE&ENE 98.6 ENE Pw |) 65.0 | cour ay Ne Be & Sp} i, 75.8 0.82 bak temps | 96.2 ENE 107.5 ENE &N by W) ... | 121.2 NNW &N byW | ... | 126.0 NNW &EN EF) ... | 121.9 Bea BL ase | Pew me i ea PEN E Wie | igonerat aspect of the Sky. XE-& ‘<1 to 3 vu. Bite dl p.m. Slightly foggy at6 & 7a.M. B to 6a. M., Nito lla. M., Ail ito 4 Pp. M., \Wito 11 Pp. M. \ni to 2.4. wi’ O to ll p. wm: D at 3 P. M. “to OASM VArto? Pele, Nu to LL P. M. Ni Gy 28 Xa Wai to 10-4...) Sir Go: VE ee, \i to 3 a. M. O to 5 a. M., Wi to 10 a. M., “i to 3 Pe. M., \_i to 5 p.m. Btoll P. m. B todacm. “Nio7.s. ms, B to: Lh a. M. ST "toiG-P. ac! Beto 11 pe. m. Shghtly foggy from 7 to 9 Pp. M. Bto8a.M., Wi to2p. Mm, Wi to 4p. mM. Bto 11 Pp. M.’ 5a. M.Otollep.m. R to ll a. m. & at 43, 8, ito ll P. M. B to 64.M., \itod p.m. B to 1l P. M. Brito o &. M., ai te 10 a... w.-B ito 4p. M., \1 to 9 p. M. B to 11 ip. M. Slightly foggy at 5 & 6 la. uw. &9&10P.M | Bto6a.m. \ito6p.m. Bto be p. M. Slightly foggy at 10 & ll Pp. mM. \1Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, \W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-eumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle. xe1xX Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of December 1878. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. . Le Se ; WInp. os S 5.2 = © ne ee lees bald ee ee | & | General aspect of the Sky. S| eee ee. eee x 4 | Sate irecuion. =a = Ala” aS aa o |Inches th | Mile. EGVt30.0 I se, ENE 77-9 | Btoll a. cito Te aes to ll p. m. Shghtly foggy from 9 to Tl ‘P.M. 20) 133:4] .... ENE AS NOE) 62540 Bato al. ae to ae ae B to 11 P.M. PUB Z.94 , oc: NIE 0.4/116.8| Btol124a.m.,\_ito2p.m.B to 11 pv. m. Slightly foggy at 6 6,7 As MME, Be T2704 — oe | AN SENNA litre Ie pay Nee: 93) 128:07 2. N&NE 199.9) -B to 12.4. aj Mate. 3.2. a to ll Pp. M. 24) 181.7| ... NE Cs ed4g ial B- 25] 130.0 NE&E .. | 81.5} B. Slightly fogey from at7 & 8 A.M. 26) 1a3 7 E fe 56.5 | B. Slightly foggy from 6 to 8 A.M. &7 to ll P. Mm. 27 L290 1% >. - E&S W ... | 47.1 | B. Slightly foggy from 5 to7 A. M. PB Sb.0 1) SW&SSW | ...'1117.5| Bto 1 P. u.;°1 to 4. w.B to 8p. a1.,; Fi to 11 Pam. 29'125.5; ... ISSSW,NNW&N| ... | 188.7) “\ito6a.m. Bto 12 4a. mi jtoip. mu. Btollp. mu. 30, 128.0] .. INNES&N byW/ ,,, | 143.7| B. Slightly foggy from 9 ito - ll Pp. uM. 31, 127.0; ... INbyW&WNW) ... | 89.3} B. Slightly foggy at midnight & 1 from 6 to 10 a. mu. & 8 to it. a \i Cirri,—i Strati, i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, a_i Cumulo-strati, \w._1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. c Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1878. MontHiy RESvtts. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month . ... ten sv. 30.027 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9 a. M. on the 17th . 80.197 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 3 & 4 P. M. on the 28th ... 29.862 Hixtreme range of the Barometer during the month si pix, Orade Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ea os oe » 30.102 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ise +i 200068 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month Ae we 0.138 ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ie oe oy 1 69.9 Max. Temperature occurred at 2 ». M. on the 2nd . He iu 8e.8 | Min. Temperature occurred at 6 &7 a. M. on the 31st tee a Extreme range of the Temperature during the month bee hes Med eo Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... wes vee See tA: Ditto ditto Min. ditto, oe. Sib e Oe Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., Buart: EDA Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ae 69.6 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.3 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month a OG Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- point 2. Lea Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month oe des ve. 0.499 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month aw AEa0 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation to 2.48 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.69 fo) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ae tee Inches. Rained 2 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours ee viet) sO882 Total amount of rain during the month vavtny om Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month , aan oy 0.73 Prevailing direction of the Wind = EL N. Bao * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground, Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Dec. 1873. Montuity Rzsvtts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. “Ss 4q* my "UO WIRY "U0 WIRY “mM Aq 'g "UO UleY aS. 'g Aq “OT ‘uo urey | “TN “OL & ‘H “NN Meteorological Observations, “uo UCL eae alice A) ed Sian i M 4q4°N , Ses NANMA CS AN ei MAHRANAAA ‘uo Ulvy "MN ON oD MONIARTAIAMAGAN rt AMmrINQMMAAAA ACO uO UIBIY aNAN ‘N re A AaAnwa "uO WIRY . . . — MND AA rest reat est ease ‘UO Urey "N AQ’ M ‘dO UIRYY ‘UO UlRIT "UO UIey “A'S (MM “M g ra [ooo eee! al cI (pou = Le cos FW LF a | . . . re Cs so Oe ce ee iat | et re tet at a sw RES. ‘uo Wel ot ee eer al rad $ UO WIRY *q Aq -g a ° q 3 a} No. of days. ae Sse “UO Ue sot ‘UO Ul¥Y] | | SO SARS Sai op CSTR GION CIT eS "UO UIeIT ZA x ‘ N NANRNQANAAA SA ereoe re ee N Aq SOSCOARMRRDODDH A AHODOH ees ro ra reac rc rtrd U0 ULI “HN "U0 UleI 1 1 1 a AANNAANANAASE am CCOMOUCH ET ‘a Aq‘ N ‘HO UIVAT see SNL — re re art ANAMRAnA Are SAR AAR N A NARA ANAMAAReE MAM Hin OrDOaor HOA Hin Or ODOOr Z mr rire Mid night Noon, SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, FOR fPEBRUARY, 1874. The Annual Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 4th February, 1874 at 9 o’clock, P. M. Col. H. Hyde, R. E., President, in the chair. According to the Bye-laws of the Society, the President ordered voting papers to be distributed for the election of Officers and Members of Council for 1874, and appointed Messrs. Waldie and Peterson, scrutineers. The President then called upon the Secretary to read the Annual Report. PANNUAL REPORT FOR 1893. In submitting their Annual Report on the state of the Society’s affairs during 1873, the Council have to congratulate the Society on its unusually flourishing condition, shown not only by the improved state of its funds, but also by the increase in the number of members and the extension of its sphere of usefulness. The improvement in the state of the funds of the Society is owing to the fact of the Government of India having recoguised the claims of the Society to an allowance as House-rent, pending the completion of the New Museum, and granted them the sum of Rs. 400 monthly on this account with effect from 23rd March, 1871, the date fixed by the Indian Museum Act for the completion of the New Museum Building. The sum in arrears, thus placed at the Society’s disposal, has enabled the Council to clear off all liabilities, to carry out repairs of the Society’s property most urgently called for, and yet leave a considerable balance which has been funded. The number of elections during the year under review has been 44, - including one life member, against 25 of the previous year, and exceeding the average of the last five years by 2. During the last 12 months, the Society has lost 18 ordinary members by withdrawal, 2 by cancelling and 6 by death, in all 26, leaving a net in- crease of 18 ordinary members. 26 Annual Report. [Frs. At the commencement of 1873, there were 438 ordinary members on the list, but in accordance with the provisions of rule 14 b, the names of 98 who had been absent from India upwards of 3 years and were not likely to return, have been struck off, so that there will now be.a total of 340 + 18, or 858 ordinary members on the list. Of these 8358 members, 62 are absent from India, of whom six are subscrib- ing members and three are life members, thus making a total of 302 pay- ing members, of whom 116 are resident and 186 non-resident. ‘The names of 28 of the latter have to be removed to the absentee list under rule 14 b. The table below shows the fluctuations of members during the last 10 years, but it must be remembered that the diminution this year is only appa- rent, being caused by the striking off of absentees who could not be con- sidered in any way as members of the Society. Year. Paying. Absent. Total. Resident. Non-Resident. Non-Paying. 1864 228 (138, 195) 92 320 1865 267 (186, 131) 109 376 1866 293 (124, 169) 94: 387 1867 307 (154, 153) 109 416 1868 294 "(159, 135) 133 4.27 1869 304 (162, 14:2) 138 4.4.2 1870 266 (134, 132) 148 4.14: 1871 286 (112, 174) 160 44:6 1872 277 - (105, 172) 2L.M. 159 458 1873 302 (116, 186)3L.M. 53 358 Among those who have been lost to the Society by death, the Council have to record with much regret the names of Dr. J. P. Colles, V. Irwin, Esq. late of the Bengal Civil Service and Lieut. J. H. Bourne late of Shillong, Messrs. N. 'T. Davey of the Revenue Survey, W. McLaren Smith of the Presidency College and Dr. J. L. Stewart.* The elections of C. P. Bird, Esq., C. S. and Col. H. Drummond have been cancelled at their own request. Museum. The Council continue to carry out the provisions of Act XVII. of 1866 and transfer all Natural History and Archeological donations received by them to the Trustees of the Indian Museum. The Trustees on the part of the Society were Mr. W.S. Atkinson, Mr. H. F. Blanford, Col. H. Hyde, R. E., who succeeded Dr. 'T. Oldham as President of the Society, and Col. J. E. Gastrell, who was permanently * Since the report was submitted the Council have received with great regret intelligence of the demise of Mr. E. Blyth, an Honorary Member of the Society. 1874. | Annual Report. 27 appointed on the departure of Dr. F. Stoliczka to accompany the Yarkand Mission. Finance. The Council have great pleasure in reporting that the Financial posi- tion of the Society is in a more satisfactory state than it has been for some years past. As already mentioned, this is principally owing to the fact that the Government have granted the Society an allowance of Rs. 400 per mensem from 23rd March, 1871, the date fixed by Act XVII. of 1866 for the com- pletion of the New Museum building till such time as it shall be ready for the accommodation of the collections of the Indian Museum. This allow- ance has been regularly drawn since April last, and the sum of Rs. 9,316-2-1 the amount of arrears accruing to the Society from 23rd March, 1871, has been realised and Rs. 5,700 of it funded. This increase in the income of the Society has enabled the Council to sanction larger expenditure on account of the Journal and Library than was allotted in the Budget Estimate at the beginning of the year. They have also been able to meet many urgent requirements for the benefit of the Society. Thus the exterior of the Society’s premises has been repaired at an expense of Rs. 3,500, and Rs. 1,075 has been granted for cleaning and repair- ing some of the most valuable portraits and pictures in the Society’s collec- tion, which required immediate care. Also extra expenditure on account of Journal, Rs. 4220 was sanctioned. The amount realisable from the paying members now on the rolls (116 residents and 180 non-residents at the rates of Rs. 48, and 24 respectively) is Rs. 9,888, besides Rs. 72 from six subscribing members in se who pay Rs. 12 under Rule 14 b of the Bye-Laws. The subscriptions actually realised have, however, only ated to Rs. 7,200, besides Rs. 1096 of arrears, making a total of Rs. 8,296. This sum, though falling short of the amount due, is in excess of the collection of 1872 by about Rs. 800. The admission fees of new members have amounted to about twice as much as in the previous year, and the proceeds of the sales of publications have exceeded those realised in 1872 by about Rs. 8300. The Library sales have also yielded about Rs. 100 more than in the previous year. The assets consisting of— Government Securities, .......ccccesesee: Rs. *7,700 O O | IS T1620 (ek eles: a ia Jon Or. 0 Cap ee tis oe oy l/ sell eee aS, Lae 393 15 10 Balance in the Bank of Bengal,............ 3,392 14 6 amount altogether to Rs. 11,819-0-0, (exclusive of outstandings amounting * Rs. 2000 from the savings of previous years and Rs. 5,700 from those of 1873. 28 Annual Report. [Frs. to Rs. 8,740, the greater portion of which is on account of arrears of - subscriptions.) The Council have ordered the funding of all sums received as compounding fees from life members, and they would further reeommend that all admission fees received during the year from new members should also be funded at the close of the year. The following is a statement shewing the receipts and disbursements of the Society during the last year. RECEIPTS. PMDSERIP PIONS, selves ise > om © resieieks 3000S. SOO! ee AGIMASSION OE CCS, «ase wise were Wievais egele cai ctha ts 1424 0 0O TaN ANTI 5 sais “sis sx 9 0S eg & ee ps oh hse Sessa it ALD od Ot see MGUY, ence ak oe Bin sous ai ein tons a /sasteye.s a ie) 2 wee oe Becrcpary S MICE. cic oh oss o'ae'e s AA Ey oe 9 3-9 Wiesbed MUNG 5.500 iee's » oe 6 ATLAS My we ne hy 238 4 O BOTS, eisai o's 9083 oss. 9 aie cca Bh aiteds LONG 2 AUrpWa POTN 5 sare jo cena pie est) pete fes ace chepieterska eer 24 0 O Rs. 240700" ok Sundries, .« »s- Sneath ince Sianatpucik ee! od oie cave | 998 1a.10 Balance 1872, inthe Bank ot Beneal, i005 <>< 3 Brie seh 767 9 4 GETS Ting Chere Bee ae te ray ey airs Seep Sr ee 143 15° 2 Rs 26,671 38.1 DISBURSEMENTS. Publications,..... Oe aha Bra a se Phate se win sie sa,8 Pee ee ae Library, = ss» Be cimee rateaicince.ia Soe SEO gS Saeed Lote 13: 4a DEChCuaTy 6 OUIC®, ses uieg ps = siemens eis wis ts 2,614 0 4 Wested Fund, (x05 »- De SSE Saree Per ys Gs ieees ae BL Building, .scssessceosees a aie esient co as tae 4.0.8 9 if MDM: (aca nO Coin Fund, Rs. 20,917 18 6 SUROTIES, 6 .an0 + 02008200 Sader aa eee eae L966, Us oem Balance, Wrvatee, woaiOr WENO ALS coos. saeness op 0s vin vos 3,092 14 6 Cash in hand, ..... Pee Rae eae LU esbicmnid os cise GKE 393 15 10 ———E Rs. 26,671 8 11 1874. ] Annual Report. 29 The following is the Budget of Income and Expenditure for 1874, INCOME. SSUISCRNOUIONS,. 325: fe:6 side. « a.cees's rolne arden ty: Rs. 8000 0 0 Pmamscron H COS) 554 fail coil od) aA 1c00 O O IC ADION Sei aisica ik ce $a ¥ odd cos civ eys 0 c'cdle Mean oO OM O Palmas 1h .cgsueasey aAle Uh ty cet ecaleti ie ee ORO OM PRM AMON 050 Sa' a os Osc Fh vd! Jao elecadss aie'e'ss tee OOON OREO PUNdries le. sac. Sree eaeAilaty vide WA a es Oe ofa hss aie! SO WECM OME) Rs. 16,300 0 O EXPENDITURE. PM DHCAtIONSyy uo. svate deri: Fda aed widaaraebass Rs. 4500 O O Bieerenainy te OMMICE 27 Jdercte fava cep sie si e;sr8 oa haces pp DOOUN Ov 0 SMU ELOPAIE Sy: sacs sevens: 4. fo sver maine mes iy eres /| OUOy Os WO Oru) axes, 2.2.. Se aschansd Nias yinsahes Sy sateek } Bar AGE 'O Crem Onde Feit echakcs 252 er eae dae ted ae a srae eee CLOUD & Oi 0 PREG Ye acts oa eat donee inne DEE Sue gay syne bd e + S00 OF O 155 EC a REE Bere beler Se ee ee sd a tat aes» PEO TOO Rs. 16,300 0 O Library. The Library has received an addition of 900 volumes during the past year the greater part of which are presentations from various eavied and scien- tific institutions and individuals with whom the Society is in corre- spondence. The Council are also glad to report that on application being made to the various local Governments throughout India for copies of all official papers of general interest to be supplied to the Library, many useful and interesting publications of this kind have been presented to the Library and promises have been received of their regular supply in future. _ The plan of inserting in the Library List a short abstract of the titles of the principal articles contained in the different publications received by the Society has been carried out throughout the year, and the Council have reason to believe that the change meets with approval. 367 Sanskrit MSS. have been purchased for the Society and 213 lithographed Sanskrit works at a cost of Rs. 312 for the Society and Rs. 250 for Government on account of the Conservation of Sanskrit MSS. Lectures. The Council are glad to report that they have been able to organise a series of cold weather lectures on general Science and subjects connected with India, which so far have been fairly attended and will undoubtedly increase the popularity of the Society. 30 Annual Report. [ Fes. The want has long been felt of some means of the kind of diffusing in India knowledge of the latest European scientific discoveries and for bring- ing forward information regarding many subjects of Indian or Oriental interest in a more general and popular manner than can be done by papers read at the general meetings. The deficiency of space and the lack of funds have hitherto prevented the Council from carrying out former pro- posals for this worthy object, but the improvement in the financial condi- tion of the Society has enabled them to try the experiment this year, and it is to be hoped that it will prove sufficiently successful to warrant the continuance of the lectures in future seasons. Journal. The Journal continues to maintain a high standard of excellence, and many papers of great value have been published during the year. About 400 pages of the Journal, Part I, have been printed during the year, and they have been illustrated by 9 plates. 300 Pages of Part II have been published with 19 plates. Of the Proceedings 228 pages have been published. Bibliotheca Indica. During the past year, thirty fasciculi of the Bibliotheca Indica have been issued, comprising portions of nineteen different works. Sanskrit. . In the Sanskrit series, the Council have the satisfaction to notice the completion of several works which had been undertaken some time since. The S’rauta Sutra of Asvalayana, containing the liturgy of the Rig Veda, was taken in hand by the late Pandit Ramanarayana Vidyaratna, in 1863. After publishing the whole of the text anda portion of its index, the Pandit died, and the work was lef6 in abeyance. Pandit Anandachandra Vedantavagis’a has now completed it. The Index extends to 148 pages, and gives in detail the substance of every aphorism of the text. The Pan- dit has also completed his edition of the Tandya Brahmana, which he had undertaken in the year 1866. It extends to two volumes, comprising 1896 pages. It is the largest Brahmaa of the Sama Veda, and gives in great detail the ritual of that work. The Pandit has annexed to it an elaborate table of contents which, it is hoped, will prove useful to oriental scholars. Professor Bharatachandra S‘iromani has completed his edition of the Déna Khanda of the Hemadri, being the second part of that author’s ela- borate digest, entitled the Chaturvarga Chintamani. The work extends to 1057 pages, and includes an alphabetical index of the contents, as also of the names of the different authors quoted in the text. As a help to the settlement of the dates of many treatises on Hindu law, this work, it is believed, will prove particularly valuable. Its real author is generally | believed to be the. celebrated grammarian Vopadeva, though the work is A El eT > yan cenit 1874. ] Annual Report. 31 known by the name of its patron, and the fact of Vopodeva having quoted largely from several of those works which are accepted by some European scholars to be not more than two or three hundred years old, opens a new field of enquiry. The plan adopted for a complete edition of the Samaveda Sanhita involves great labour and time, and the work is not likely to be brought to completion for some years to come; but the editor, Pandit Satyavrata Samasrami, has devoted his attention very diligently to his undertaking, and the Council have every reason to be satisfied with the manner in which he is conducting it. He has issued five fasciculi during the year under report, bringing up the work to the end of the first volume. The different Indexes annexed to the volume are full and complete. The Taittiriya Saihita of the Black Yajur Veda is a very large work. It was first undertaken by the late Dr. Roer, who left the country in 1859, after publishing the first volume of 1072 pages. The second volume was completed by Mr. Cowell. On his retirement from India, in 1864, the late Pandit Ramanarayana Vidyaratna was engaged to carry on the work, but his untimely death put a stop to it for a time. Professor Mahes’achandra Nyaya- ratna has now charge of the undertaking, and he has completed the fourth volume, bringing up the work to the fourth octad. Two more volumes will complete the work. The Professor has also completed the first volume of his edition of the Wimdnsdé Darsana, and issued two fasciculi of the second volume. The Agne Purana was undertaken, in 1868, by the late Pandit Har- chandra Vidyaébhushana who died after bringing out three fasciculi, and the work had to be left in abeyance for a time. Babu Rajendralala Mitra has lately taken it in hand, and completed the first volume, comprising about one third of the work. Of Professor Ramamaya Tarkaratna’s edition of the Artharva Upani- shads two fasciculi have been published, comprising the Avrwneya, the Brahma- vidya, the Kshwrika, the Chulika, the Sikhd, the Brahma, the Prdandgni- hotra, the Nila-rudra, the Kanthasruti, the Pinda, and the Rdamatépant Upanishads, with the commentary of Narayana. With the exception of the Ramatapani, which was some time ago edited by Professor Weber in the Roman character, but without a commentary, these treatises are little known, and will prove valuable accessions to the published philosophical literature of the Hindus. Pandit Chandrakanta Tarkalankara has published the fourth fasciculus of the Gobhila Sutra, with an original commentary by himself. The work will be completed in course of the current year. In compliance with a suggestion lately received from Professor Max Miiller the Council have resolved to send to press in course of the 32 Annual Report. [Frs. current year two very important works on the Vedic literature, viz. the Artareya Aranyaka of the Rig Veda and the Brihaddevaté of Saunaka. Babu Rajendralala Mitra has already collected ample materials for a good edition of the first named work, and the task of collation is in progress. MSS. of the Brihaddevata are exceedingly rare, but the Babu has a good MS. of it of his own, and two others have been lent him by his correspon- dents at Benares. He expects ere long to obtain a sufficient number of MSS. to be in a position to go to press. Some time ago Dr. J. Eggeling undertook to prepare an edition of the Katantravritti, an old treatise on grammar, for the Bombay Government, but circumstances prevented his sending it to press. He has since obligingly placed his MS. at the disposal of the Council, and it has since been made over to the printer. The Council have been for some time anxious to bring out in the Bib- hiotheca Indica an edition of the celebrated poems of Chand, comprising a history of Prithvi Raj, the last Hindu King of Dihli; but owing to various causes could not do so. ‘They have now the satisfaction to an- nounce that the work has now been sent to press, and a first fasciculus has already been published. The great extent and extremely troublesome character of the work have rendered it necessary to entrust the undertaking to two editors, the first twenty-two cantos being placed in the hands of Mr. Beames, and the succeeding forty-seven in that of Dr. Hoernle. Arabic and Persian. In the Arabic and Persian Series, there were issued during 1873, twelve fasciculi, viz. one Arabic, eight Persian, and three Translations from Persian into English. Araptc.—Maulawi ’Abdul Hai, of the Calcutta Madrasah, issued a sup- plement to Fasc. X. of the [Vth Volume of Al-Igabah ft tamiz il-cihabah, a biographical dictionary, chiefly of ‘witnesses’ who knew Muhammad, written by the renowned Ibn Hajar ’Asqalani. When the work, in 1853, was commenced, no complete MSS. appear to have existed, and Dr. Spren- ger, assisted by several Maulawis, issued thirteen fasciculi (viz. 12 fase. form- ing Vol. I., up to the end of) ve, and one fasc., the beginning of Vol. IT, containing the letter ze and a few pages of Cw» sé), containing biographies of 3070‘ male witnesses.’ The work, thus far advanced, was dropped in 1856, from want of MSS. In 1864, it was determined to complete the dictionary as far as was possible, and the [Vth Volume was commenced, of which Maulawi’ Abdul Hai has now issued the last portion. The volume itself forms a distinct part of the whole, inasmuch as it contains the names of 1254 male witnesses, whose names commence with the words abu, and the names of 1548 ‘female witnesses’ of the Prophet. Of the whole work, , therefore, the Society has issued Vols. I. and IV, and the beginning of Vol. ee ee = 1874.] Annual Report. 33 II. Frequent efforts were made to obtain MSS. for the wanting portions of Vols. II and III, but without result, when during last year three MSS. unexpectedly turned up in the possession of Maulawi Kabiruddin Ahmad, . viz. one MS. of Vol. II, and two MSS. of Vol. III. Maulawi ’Abdul Hai is now engaged in preparing Vol. II for press, assisted by the Usud ulghadbah, the Istiab and the Ikmél, works which much resemble the Igabah. There is, therefore, every hope of completing this important work. Perstan.—Mr. Blochmann issued Fasc. XVI. of his quarto text edition of the Ain i Akbari, which completes the geographical index of the work. Fasc. XVII, containing the preface, title, &c., to Vol. I, is about to appear. Maulawi Zulfaqar ’Ali, of the Calcutta Madrasah, has issued two fasci- ceuli of the Farhang i Rashid, by ’Abdurrashid of Tattah, one of the most critical scholars India has produced. Three-fourths of the dictionary, as far as the letter gaf, have now been issued. Maulawi ’Abdurrahim, of the Calcutta Madrasah, has completed his index to Khaft Khén’s history, and Maulawi Kabiruddin has issued the concluding pages of the work itself. The Bibliotheca Indica edition of Khafi Khan’s Muntakhab ul-Lubab is, therefore, now complete. The work consists of two volumes. ‘The first contains the reigns of Babar, Huméyin, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shahjahan ; and the second contains an account of the reign of Aurangzib (as far as the author had sources fo consult), the reigns of Shah ’Alam Bahadur (who is generally but wrongly called in English histories ‘ Bahadur Shah’), of Jahandar Shah, Farrukh Siyar, Rafi ’uddarajat, Rafi ’uddaulah, and the beginning of the reign of Muhammad Shah, up to A. H. 1135, or A. D. 1722-23. Maulawi ’Abdul Hai has issued an Index of Persons and of geographi- eal names occurring in the ’Alamgirndmah, together with a biographical notice of the author. The text itself was issued in the Bibliotheca Indica in 1868. The work contains a history of the first ten years of Aurangzib’s reign, 2. e. till A. H. 1078, or A. D. 1667, when the emperor forbade his- torians to write the history of his reign. Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali completed during last year the Madsir i "Alamgiri, a history of Aurangzib’s reign, written in A. H. 1122, or A. D. 1710, by Muhammad Saqi Musta’idd Khan. The author had been for some time in the service of Bakhtawar Khan, the author of the DMir-dt ul ’Alam, and was through his influence appointed a Waqav'nigar, or court-news-writer. He was then put in charge of the emperor’s carpet for prayer (jd-namdz), and later he was appointed officer in charge of the household servants. Four years before the emperor’s death, he was appointed a secretary of finance (inshd i nazérat), and his office as news-writer was bestowed upon his son Muhammad Muhsin. Al- though his work is short, it is of the greatest importance, because it 34 Annual Report. [ fEB. is the only reliable native history of Aurangzib’s reign that we possess. The author is most exact in his chronology, and his work will be found by historians to be an excellent check on the confused and frequently inter- rupted account of Khafi Khan. It was no doubt owing to this fact that the author of the Tazhirat ussalatin i Chaghtdiyah used the Madsir i’ Alam- giri for his account of Aurangzib’s reign in preference to Khafi Khan’s work. Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali’s edition is completed in six fasciculi, the last of which is accompanied with a useful Index of Persons and Geogra- phical names, and a short account of the author himself. The Society has also issued during last year the Haft Asman by Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali. This work contains a most interesting history of the Masnawi, or epic poetry, of the Persians, and constitutes the editor’s introduction to Nizami’s Stkandarnémah i Bahri (or Khiradnamah i Sikan- dart), which was edited for the Bibliotheca Indica by Dr. Sprenger, Agha Muhammad Shustari, and Agha Ahmad ’Ali, in 1852 and 1869. As Persian epics are written in seven metres, Maulawi Aghé Ahmad ’Ali gave his Introduction the title of ‘ Haft Asman,’ or ‘ the Seven Heavens.’ Un- fortunately, Agha Ahmad ’Ali died at Dhaka in June last, and only the general portion and the first of the seven chapters have been completed. But incomplete as it is, the Introduction will be found to contain a most valuable account of the history of the Persian epic and full notes on Niza- mi’s works. The death of Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali has deprived the Bibliotheca Indica of a most painstaking editor. During the years 1865 and 1878, he edited for the Society the epic Wis 0 Ramin, the first and third volumes of Baddon?’s history, the Igbdlndmah i Jahdngiri (jointly), the Madsir i "Alamgirt, one-half of Nizami’s Sikandarnémah, and the first two fasciculi of Abul Fazl’s Akbarnamah. He was enthusiastically devoted to Persian Literature. Besides the Haft A’sman, which he compiled for the Society, he published in 1865 and 1868 his Muayyid ¢ Burhan and the Shamsher ¢ Teztar, two important lexicographical works; the Risdlah « Tardnah, an essay on the Ruba’i of the Persians, in 1866; and in 1872 the LRusdlah 2 Ishtigag, an elementary Persian grammar. Abul Fazl’s Akbarnamah, which Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali had com- menced to edit, has been entrusted to Maulawi ’Abdurrahim, of the Calcutta Madrasah, and Mr. Blochmann has promised to superintend the edition as far as the names of persons and the geography of the work are concerned. Transtations. Of translations from Persian into English, the Society published during 1878 the first two fasciculi of Major Raverty’s transla- tion of the JTabagat i Nagirt, which is being printed in England. The third and fourth fasciculi (as far as page 392) have likewise been printed, ~ 1874:.] Annual Report. 35 and are on their way out to India. Myr. Blochmann issued Fasc. VII of his translation of the Aini Akbari, which completes the first volume of the work, and contains a full index and Abul Fazl’s biography. In February last, the Council, at the recommendation of the Philological Committee, also sanctioned the printing of the English translation of Badaoni’s history by Capt. G. F. J. Graham, Benares. The first fascicu- lus of the work is about to be issued. In the end of last year, the Society also received, through the Foreign ’ office, a MS. translation by Col. E. C. Ross, Political Agent, Muscat, of the Kashf ulghummah. This rare Arabic work was written by Shaikh Sirhan bin Sa’id bin Sirhan bin Muhammad, of the Bana ’Ali tribe, in or about 1728 A. D., and contains an interesting account of the history of "Oman. The translation will be issued during 1874. The following are the names of the different works issued during the last year. Sanskrit. The Srauta Sttra of Asvalayana, with the commentary of Gargya Narayana, edited by Ramandrayana Vidydratna, No. 269, Fas. XI. The Taudya Mahabrahmana with the commentary of Sayanacharya, edited by Anandachandra Vedantavagis’a, No. 268, Fas. XIX. The Chaturvarga-Chintamani by Heméadri, edited by Professor Bha- ratachandra S’iromani, Part II, Danakhanda, Nos. 267, 274, 278, 281, and 290, Fas. VII-XI. The Sama Veda Safhita with the commentary of Sayanacharya, edited by Satyavrata Sdmasrami, Nos. 270, 280, 285, 286, and 293, Fas. VI-X. The Sanhita of the Black Yajur-Veda with the commentary of Madha- vacharya, edited by Paudita Mahes’achandra Nyayaratna, No. 231, Fas. XXVII. The Agni Purana, a system of Hindu Mythology and Tradition, edited by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, No. 291, Fas. IV. The Atharvanopanishads with the commentary of Narayana, edited by Ramamaya Tarkaratna, Nos. 276, and 282, Fas. III-IV. The Gobhiliya Grihya Sttra with a commentary by the editor, edited by Professor Chandrakanta Tarkalankara, No. 277, Fas. IV. The Miméfis4 Darsana with the commentary of Savara Svamin, edited by Pandita Mahes’achandra Nyayaratna, No. 208, Fas. IX. Hindi. The Prithiraja Rasau of Chand Bardai, edited in the original old Hindi by John Beames, B. C. 8. Part I, Fas. I, No. 269. 36 Annual Report. [ Fes. Persian, The Maasir-i-’Alamgiri of Muhammad Saqi Musta’idd Khan, edited by Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali, No. 289, Fase. VI. The Muntakhab-ul-lubab of Khafi Khan, edited by Maulawi Kabir ud-din Ahmad, No. 292, Fasc. IT. ‘The Ain-i-Akbari, by Abul Fazl i Mubarak i ’Allami, edited by H. Blochmann, M. A., No. 276, Fase. XVI. The Farhang-i-Rashidi by Mulla Abdur Rashid of Tattah, edited and — annotated by Maulawi Zulfaqar ’Ali, Nos. 271, and 279, Fasc. IX and X. The Akbarnamah by Abul Fazl i Mubarak i ’Allami, edited by Agha Ahmad ’Ali, Nos. 288, and 284, Fas. I and II. The Haft Asman, or History of the Masnawi of the Persians, being an introduction to Nizami’s Iqbalnamah-i-Sikandari, by the late Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali, No. 294. Index of Names of Persons and Geographical names occuring in the ’Alamgir-namah, by Maulawi ’Abdul Hai, No. 288. Arabie. A Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad, by Ibn Hajar, edited by Maulawi ’Abd-ul-Hai, No. 282, Fasc. 20, Supplement. Translations. The Ain-i-Akbari of Abul Fazl i ’Allami, translated from the original Persian by H. Blochmann, M. A., No. 287, Fasc. VII. The Tabaqat-i-Nagiri of Minhaj-i-Siraj, translated from the Persian by Major H. G. Raverty, Nos. 272, and 273, Fas, I and II. Coin Cabinet. During the year 1873, the Coin Cabinet of the Society received an addition of one silver coin, eight copper coins, a brass token of Muham- mad Tughlug and a cast of a Bengal coin of Firdz Shah II. All these are presents from members. One gold coin of Diodotus was purchased. Steps have also been taken to commence cataloguing the collection. Mr. Blochmann has arranged the Bengal coins, and Maulawi ’Abdul Hai has classified a portion of the Dihli coins under Col. Hyde’s superintendence at the Mint. Officers. Mr. Blochmann and Capt. J. Waterhouse have retained charge through- out the year of the editing of the Philological part of the Journal and the — 1874. ] Annual Report. 37 Proceedings and of the other duties of their respective Secretaryships. On the departure of Dr. F. Stoliczka with the Yarkand Mission, in May, Mr. J. Wood-Mason was appointed Natural History Secretary and has since edited the Natural History part of the Journal. The office of Financial Secretary and Treasurer has been held by Col. J. EH. Gastrell. The Council have the pleasure to again record their satisfaction with the services rendered by Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha, the Assistant Secre- tary, and with the work performed by Babu Manilal Baishak, Assistant Librarian, Sayyid Waliullah, store keeper, and Babu Buddinath Baishak, cashier. List of Societies and other Institutions with which exchanges of publications have been made during 1878. Batavia :—Société des Sciences des Inderlandes. Berlin :—Royal Academy. Birmingham :—Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Bombay :—Royal Asiatic Society. Boston :—Natural History Society. Bordeaux :—Bordeaux Academy. Buenos Ayres :—Public Museum. Bruxelles :—Académie Royale des Sciences, &c., de Belgique. Cherbourg :—Société Nationale des Sciences Naturelles, Calcutta :—Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India. —— :—Geological Survey of India. Christiania :— University. Copenhagen :—Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Dacca :—Dacca News and Planters’ Journal. Dehra Dun :—Great Trigonometrical Survey. Dublin :—Royal Irish Academy. :—Natural History Society. Edinburgh :—Royal Society. Geneva :—Physical and Natural History Society. Konigsberg :—Physical and Economical Institution. Lahor :—Agricultural Society of the Panjab. Leipzig :—Deutsche. Morgenlandische Gesellschaft, Liege :—Société Royale des Sciences. Liverpool :—Literary and Philosophical Society. London :—British Museum. — :—Royal Society. 38 London : Moscow Munich Annual Report. :—Royal Geographical Society. :—Museum of Practical Geology. :—Zoological Society. :—Statistical Society. :—Geological Society. :—Linnean Society. :—Athenum. :—Anthropological Society. :—Nature. :—Royal Astronomical Society. :—Ocean Highways. :—Agricultural Society. :-—Société des Naturalistes. :—Royal Academy. Madras :—Government Central Museum. Manchester :—Literary and Philosophical Society. New Yo rk —Commissioners of the Department of Agriculture. New Haven :—Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Netherlands :—Royal Society. Paris :—Ethnographical Society. :— Geographical Society. —— :—Asiatic Society. — :—Anthropological Society. Stettin :—Entomological Society. St. Pete rsburg :—Imperial Academy of Sciences. Stockholm :—Royal Academy of Sciences. Vienna : —Imperial Academy of Sciences. :—Anthropological Society. :—Zoological and Botanical Society. :—Imperial Geological Institute. Washington :—Smithsonian Institution. On the motion of the President, the Report was adopted. The Scrut- ineers reported the elections of officers and Members of Council for 1874 as follows: Col. H. Hyde, R. E. Babi Rajendralala Mitra. The Hon. E. C. Bayley, C.S8. I. The Hon. J. B. Phear. — President. —Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. :—Royal Institution. :—London Institution of Civil Engineers. Vice-Presidents. [ Fun. 1874. | President's Address. 39 H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. Captain J. Waterhouse. Col. J. E. Gastrell. Col. H. Hyde, R. E. | Babi Rajendralala Mitra. The Hon. EH. C. Bayley, C. 8. I. The Hon. J. B. Phear. Col. H. L. Thuillier, R. A., C. 8. I. The Hon’ble Raja Romanath Tagore. W. L. Heeley, Esq., C. 8. L. Schwendler, Esq. a J. Geoghegan, Esq. | Secretaries and Treasurer. — Members of Council. Dr. 8. B. Partridge. H. B. Medlicott, Esq. Col. J. E. Gastrell. H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A. — J. Wood-Mason, Esq. Captain J. Waterhouse. oe The President then read the following Address— PRESIDENT S PDDRESS. GENTLEMEN,—Being called to fill the Office of President of this Society, I do so with some diffidence, for I feel that coming after one having such great and varied ability as had Dr. Oldham our late President, I am very unequal to the task I have taken up, and I fear that I can only follow at a long distance the steps of my predecessor. All, however, that it is in my power to effect shall be done, and if I am not able to enter so deeply into many of the questions that come before us, I trust I may be able to extend the influence of the Society and to promote the objects for which it has been established. The Report which has been just read to you will, I trust, justify my congratulation on our improved position in every way. ‘The Society now enjoys a permanent income, at present in the shape of an allowance from Government as compensation for loss of house-rent that the Society would have realized from the rent of this house, had the Museum Building been completed. This will be paid until the Society is able to occupy their new quarters. ‘The building we now occupy, will then be available for letting on lease, and will produce a net income, certainly equal to and perhaps more than the present grant. 40 President’s Address. | Fes. This grant from the Government of India was intimated to you in a note attached to the President’s address of last year, and I think the thanks of the Society are due to the Government of India for the equitable decision arrived at and for the grant given. The Council have been, and are now, in communication with the Secre- tary to the Government of Bengal, Public Works Department, (in whose pro- vince the construction of the Museum Building rests) regarding the detail arrangements of that part of the building which is, under the Act, to afford fit accommodation for the Society. It does not appear that when the building was designed, any specifica- tion was drawn out, while it is certain that nothing but the drawings of the bare shell of the building were submitted to the Council of the Society. This has been represented, and a complete specification, describing all those details that are absolutely necessary to render the building fitted for the specific purpose of accommodating the Society, is being drawn out, and the Council have no doubt but that the Society will find the accommodation liberally provided and all that can be desired. During the past year, the Society have lost the services of our late able Secretary, Dr. Stoliczka. It will be remembered that early in the year the Council learning that the Government of India contemplated sending a Mission to Yarkand, and following the former practice of the Society, addressed Government with offers of co-operation and as- sistance in furthering the Scientific objects of the Mission, The offer of the Society was cordially received, and a Memorandum of Subjects of Scientific observation was drawn out and furnished to Government for use of the expedition. Some short time afterwards the Council, looking to the great difficulties that would be met in securing and forwarding sufficient geological specimens from Yarkand, made a representation to the Government of India, and pointed out the necessity of attaching to the expedition a Palzontologist in order that in the event of it not being found practicable to secure and forward to India sufficient geological specimens, his special knowledge might come to his aid, and he might still be able to secure and bring with him such information as will enable the solving of the geological problems of the countries through which he passes. The Government of India accepted the suggestion, and appointed Dr. Stoliczka to accompany the expedition. Several letters have been received from the Camp and it was some time since with great regret and anxiety that the Council heard of the intense sufferings and dangerous illness of Dr. Stoliczka in the journey across the higher passes. A letter received a few days ago from Dr, Stoliczka and dated Yarkand, shews us that his determined spirit has carried him through all his difficul- ties, and it is with great pleasure that I can announce to the Society his return to comparative health. 1874:.] President's Address. 41 The first part of the Journal for last year extends over nearly 400 pages, and contains articles of most varied interest. Sir Arthur P. Phayre, who has been a steady contributor to the Journal since 1845, has continued his series of contributions to the History of Burma; the Honorable E. C, Bayley brought several ancient coins of great value to the notice of the Society ; Col. E. T. Dalton contributed an interesting paper on the Rude Stone Monuments in Chutia Nagptr ; Dr. Hoernle followed up his researches into the comparative grammar of the Sanskrit Vernaculars ; Chand, the old bard of Delhi, has received continued attention from Messrs. Beames and Growse; Babu Rajendralala Mitra gave sketches of the condition of people in ancient India, and notes on several Sanskrit inscriptions ; and Messrs. Thomas and Blochmann have published contributions to the early Muham- madan History of Bengal. The splendid collection of rubbings of inscriptions which General A. Cunningham forwarded to the Society, has also for the greater part been published during last year. The collection of Muhammadan Inscriptions, which received valuable additions from Dr. J. Wise, and Messrs. Westmacott, Heeley, Bourke, Beale, and Delmerick, have appeared with translations in the Journal and the Proceedings, and will be continued by your Philological Secretary during the present year. General Cunningham’s Sanskrit rub- bings are still in the hands of Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha as also the Cop- per-plate grant of Keshab Chandra of Bengal, which was lately found in Bakirganj and was presented to the Society by Mr. H. Beveridge. I will not take up your time with a summary of the work done during last year by the Editors of the Sanskrit and Persian publications. The re- port on this part of the Society’s activity has just been read to you. But I must say a few words regarding the researches in Oriental literature and antiquities, made by some of our members, independent of the Society. General Cunningham issued a few weeks ago the third volume of his Arch- seological Report, which treats of the various styles of Hinda and Muhamma- dan architecture and the antiquities of Mathura, the neighbourhood of Allahabad, and the Buddhistic relics of Southern Bihar. The Rev. M. A. Sherring of Benares, one of our Corresponding Members, published in the * beginning of last year, a volume on the various Hinda Castes, with inter- esting genealogical tables and notes on the aboriginal tribe of the Bhars. Mr. J. Beames brought out the first volume of his Comparative Grammar of the modern Aryan Languages of India, which treats of phonetical chang- es, and is accompanied by a singularly lucid Introduction on the Position of the Seven Vernaculars. The notices of Sanskrit MSS., so well known and valuable to all scholars, have been ably continued by Babu Rajendra- lala Mitra. His forthcoming report on Orisa will contain a full account of the antiquities of that province. Mr. Blochmann has published his work 42 President's Address. [ FER. on the “ Prosody of the Persians.” Among the several District Gazetteers, I have to mention the interesting “ Memoir of Mathura District” by Mr. F. 8. Growse which contains exhaustive notes on the Hindt and Muhamma- dan antiquities of the sacred town and its neighbourhood. Nor must I for- get the great numismatic undertaking of the day, which Messrs. Triibner and Co. have set on foot, I mean the publication, under the editorship of Mr. E. Thomas, of the “ International Marsden.” Scholars of all countries and several members of our Society are to contribute to this comprehensive work, which is to contain the medallic history of the whole East. While on coins, I would ask those who collect coins with no specific object, and there are many such in this country, to give attention to the important part coins play in throwing light on Indian History. With- in the last few months you will find that one coin under Mr. Blochmann, our Secretary, brought to light a forgotten, and in the present age, unknown king, while another accidentally dug up in a field, cleared up a difficulty of three years in the date of another reign. These I know are only examples that come home to us, but they clearly confirm what Prinsep, Thomas, Cun- ningham and others urge, that coins are the basis and indeed in many cases the beginning and the end of Indian History, and I would therefore call upon all such collectors as cannot read their coins, to lend them to the Soc- iety to be read, figured and to be recorded, to add to the rich store already contained in the pages of this part of our Journal.* Passing on to Part II of our Journal, which is devoted to the Natural Sciences. The three parts of the Journal already published and the fourth which will appear in a few days, are illustrated by 19 Plates in all. Dr. F. Stoliczka has given us another important memoir with valuable anatomical notes on Asiatic land Mollusca; notes on some Malayan Amphibia and Rep- tilia, and on the Indian species of Thelyphonus ; a contribution towards a monograph of the Indian species of Passalide, an interesting family of Co- leopterous insects (which had been already monographed by Dr. Kaup) ; and notes on Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. Mr. Wood-Mason has de- scribed a new and interesting genus and species of decapod Crustaceans re- markable for being totally destitute of functional organs of vision, like the - famous cray-fish of the Mammoth-Cave and several allied forms of crustacea recently discovered by the “ Challenger.” He has also contributed a descrip- tion of a remarkable new genus and species of Pycnogonida ; the first part of a memoir on the Phasmide; a note onsome species of the same family of Orthopterous insects, and a description of anew genus of Land-Crabs from the * T may here note a collection of Sassanian Coins, 547 in number,that have fallen into my hands; these coins will doubtless give great assistance in the work Mr. Thomas is. - i} engaged on. They are now in the hands of the Hon. E, C. Bayley. 1874] President's Address. 43 Nicobars. Three of Mr. Wood-Mason’s papers have been reproduced in European Journals and the appearance of Dr. Stoliczka’s notes on the Thely- phoni was quickly followed by the criticisms of Mr. A. G. Butler of the British Museum. I mention these facts as shewing the justness of the remark made in another part of this address to the effect that the writings of our naturalists are not so unknown to their brethren at home as some seem to imagine. Mr. Kurz has given us the second and third fasciculi of his new Burmese Plants and Dr. G. Zeller has described the Algz tollected by Mr. Kurz in Arracan and Burmah. The contributions of Dr. Dobson have been as numerous and as valuable as in former years, the most noteworthy of his communications having been his description of a new and remarkable Bat from Johore, in the Malay Peninsula, and his monograph of the Indian fruit- eating Bats. In Dr Dobson who left Calcutta a few months ago at the expi- ration of his term of service in India, the Society has lost a valuable mem- ber and the Museum at Netley gained an enthusiastic Curator. Mr. W. Theobald has described and figured some new species of Unios. A modest work on Physical Geography has been published by Mr. H. F. Blanford which has been written specially for Indian students, and in the latter chapters, contains a description of the Geology and climate of India. All members of this Society, particularly readers of Part II of the Jour- nal, will have seen how rich the Journal is in contributions to Natural History and will acknowledge how great is our debt to our Secretaries and to those who follow up this study. I could, however, wish that we could congratu- late ourselves as much on the contributions of papers on subjects in Natu- ral Physics. We cannot, however, do this, for it will be seen that for years there has been (with the exception of some very able papers on Elec- trical subjects) a marked absence of Physical Science from our Journal. This is attributed to two causes : First. From the rapid communication with Europe, the facilities are daily increasing for sending such papers to journals and publications, specially devoted to the subjects in which (according to general opinion) these papers will obtain a wider and more useful circulation among those for whose special study they are intended. Second. That all those who are qualified to write on Physical Science questions, have so much occupation in the practical work of their life, that time cannot be spared. I think this is much to be regretted. I would point out that Natural History papers are not lost in our Journal, but on the contrary are quoted throughout HKurope, and that the Electrical papers, to which I have alluded, have also been extracted by most scientific journals. The question is one that calls for our grave consideration, and I would A President's Address. [Fres. earnestly ask the attention of every member occupied in scientific pursuits, or whose study is in any way turned to these subjects, to contribute to the Journal such as may come within his knowledge, so that the end of the Society may be better and more generally fulfilled, and that the words of our Founder, viz., “The bounds of its investigation will be the “ oeographical limits of Asia, and within these limits its enquiries will “be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature,” may be truly and faithfully carried out in their most extended sense. In the scientific labours of the year, we find that the Survey of India has made marked progress, and has given a considerable addition to our geographical knowledge of the Eastern Frontier. The geographical exploration of the Frontier has been pushed on vigorously. All the intermediate territories occupied by the Lushais and lying between the Cachar and Munipore Frontier and Hill Tipperah, left undone by the parties with General Bourchier, and General Brownlow’s columns in the previous season, have been very successfully described. ‘The Garo Hills, hitherto a perfect terra incognita, have likewise under the protection of the military expedition, sent to coerce these refractory quasi- independent people, been well delineated, entirely filling up the blank which has so unaccountably existed for so many years in the Map of India and which separated the long occupied districts Goalparah and Gowhatty on the one side, from Mymensing and Sylhet many years under British rule on the other. In the Naga Hills, the Survey has been extended to Samaguting and to the Manipur Frontier, and a few seasons more will, it is hoped, fill up all the Hilly Territory subtending the Assam Valley south of the Brahma- putra River. These Topographical Surveys have been drawn expressly for the pur- pose of reproduction by the photozincographic process and thus are at once issued for the use of the local officers and the public, a process which it is expected will shortly be superseded by the superior photo-collotype pro- cess. This advancement (to a degree hitherto unknown) in the rapidity and excellence of work, must contribute much to the early production and cor- rection of maps, the materials for which in these countries have been obtained under the greatest difficulties which nothing, but the organization, skill, and determination that has ever characterized the Survey Department, could overcome, and J cannot but think that such progress is a subject for the acknowledgement of our Society. Turning to the Trigonometrical proceedings, we find that the Pendu- lum oper ations in India have been completed, that the pendulums have been swung in Bombay, Aden, and Egypt and finally at Kew. The Tidal observations which Col. Walker, R. E., Superintendent G. T. 1874. ] President's Address. 45 Survey, devised, and which arose from the proposals that emanated from Dr. Oldham, our late President, who pointed out that investigations should be made of “the secular changes in the relative level of land and sea which were believed to be going on at various places on the coast of the Bombay Presidency, and more particularly at the head of the Gulf of Cutch,” are now being carried out and the whole of the detail of the work is given in the very interesting Report of the Trigonometrical Survey for the year 1872. During the past year, as a contribution of data for the determining the figure of the earth, the Great Trigonometrical Survey Department has been engaged on certain Electro-Telegraphic determinations of differences of lon- gitude on the parallel of 13°. This are of parallel was selected for several reasons. It extends from Madras to Mangalor passing through Bangalor about midway. There are Telegraph stations at each of these places and great facilities for communi- cation. The are is in 18° and is of peculiar interest, in that it is situated much nearer to the Equator than any similar are which has yet been measured in any part of the globe. The arc is 5° 24/ 12” or about 364 miles, and it was on this are that Col. Lambton first endeavoured in the years 1802-5 to determine the length of a degree of Longitude by the method of observing the astronomical lati- tudes and azimuths of a series of reciprocating stations along it, a method which though ill-adapted to low latitudes, was the only one then feasible for him to employ. Thus it will be seen that circumstances have necessitated the selection of the same parallel of latitude for the commencement of the determination of longitudinal ares by the modern Electro-Telegraphic method that was chosen at the commencement of the present century by Col. Lamb- ton for his corresponding investigations. The detailed description will be found in Col. Walker’s Report, but I may note that the operations were carried on under certain difficulties for there was the necessity of employing a Telegraph wire which could only be placed at the exclusive disposal of the observers for a few periods and those very brief, and though the operations were invariably performed during the night, when the ordinary traffic on Telegraph lines is compara- tively little, it was found that the unrestricted use of a wire could, as a rule, be only conceded for four periods of 15 minutes each, at intervals of two hours apart ; on two nights, however, the use of the wire was granted for two hours ata time, but the then unfavourable state of the weather at Madras prevented this concession from being taken to account there. The preliminary results alone have as yet been obtained and they give a Telegraphic determination of are less than the Trigonometrical determination by 183.95 seconds of are. 46 President’s Address. [ Fes. A second edition of the Map of Turkistan containing much new infor- mation of the Geography of Central Asia has been published. The special Trans-Himalayan explorations by native agents are being carried on into the regions beyond the Hindi Kush Range, into that part of Thibet which lies beyond the northern water-shed of the Brahmaputra River at the Desert of Gobi and Great Tibet. This time last year Dr. Oldham from this chair called your attention to the arrangements for observing the Transit of Venus. The Government of India early in 1873 expressed their intention of confiding the arrangements for these important observations to Lieutenant- Colonel Tennant, R. E. Some time has unfortunately been lost, when there was little to spare, owing to the Secretary of State for India having at first declined to sanction any instrument except a Photoheliograph, but at the request of the Government of India the necessary supply was ordered in July last. Colonel Tennant has received information that the Photohelio- graph will be despatched from England in February and that the very _ valuable addition of M. Janssen’s apparatus for observing the contacts pho- tographically will follow next month. Of the other instruments nothing has been heard. Meanwhile the Government have sanctioned the funds necessary for building an observatory, and Col. Tennant is proceeding with the arrangements at Roorkee. Col. Walker, Superintendant of the G. T. Survey, has been enabled by changes in his Department to make some in- struments available, which will partially fill the place of what were ordered from England, and Col. Douglas, R. A. has also contributed some time- keepers. Col. Tennant proposes to observe at Roorkee where he will be assisted by Captain Campbell, R. E. of the G. T. Survey. He has been authorized to send an Officer (probably Captain G. Strahan R. E.) as far up into the Panjab as possible to get eye observations of the last contact of Venus and the Sun. If, however, the instruments ordered by the Secretary of State should not arrive, it will be necessary to divert those intended to be. sent to the Panjab. It is understood that observations will be made at Madras by the Astro- nomer and at Bombay by the Superintendent of the Kolaba Observatory who, however, has few appliances, and at the Head Quarters of the G. T. Survey Dehra Dan. Having thus stated what is being done in India, it will be interesting to mention what is in progress elsewhere. The British Government have been long preparing under the superintendence of the Astronomer-Royal to send expeditions to various parts of the world. The stations selected are Alexandria, the island of Rodrigues and Kerguelen’s Land in the West and Waahoo, Auckland, N. Z. in the East. kad wylo; By al} [oa Uke wt ope # fy he amd Ob do de 5S wlbS cof oa i ib Bugs # cpl so oF Ls a“ oss ES} S—apyed slhyo LRT & Core prolly eh oe 1. In the time of the king of the Muhammadan world, this heavenly door was erected. 2. Although there are hundred gates in Paradise, there is no door like this door. 3. Gd. wis ESamsl oo wo ps bi ols Gcleiy jf xy pth) (sql od O—ad y= rae) hey 89 4 15 Ses ett cele ae Ly Gt ody D4 pode wo” plekel 5 Be) dab gig wS-0 wt ole God is great! 1. By order of Shaistah Khan, our lord, this building, which resembles the throne of Solomon in the air, 2. And the road to which without guidance, on account of its height, cannot be seen, 3. High, wonderful, pleasing, high like thought, and inside remarkable, 4. Was built in this world in the year 1055 [A. D. 1645]. 5. This spacious and agreeable edifice was built under the superintendence of M u« hammad Sharif. : Bana’ras. | The following inscription belongs to the tomb of one La’l Khan, Raj- ghat, Banaras. L359 9 pth 9 law yarit oy &S EKG ov wt wis Us! le 8 eS fys} Shas pgelelad yy pis ABO 95 9 wsle* by anglers rend 9 9) (FR ey bs and if yp aye dy Ly 5 SET oye cs] 30 —Syo JL} AU) filcy Sl_ we pie PI AP Cope? Sie O God, the opener, the wise! 1. Alas, La’l] Khan! that excellent man, who in liberality resembled the cloud and the ocean, 2. Who possessed both liberality and valour, and raised up high the standard of his fame, 102 H. Blochmann—On Sakit Inscriptions. [May, 3. A nourisher of the wretched, a friend of dervishes, a unitarian inasmuch as he © said § All is He.’* 4. When he bravely tied up his things to leave the world, and went to the shadow of mercy and dwelled there, 5. I said that the date of his departure lies in the words, ‘May God Almighty illu« — mine his grave, O wise friend? A. H. 1182 [A. D. 1768]. Saki’t, N. W. Provinces. The following rubbings and readings of inscriptions were received from — Mr. Harvey James, C.8., by Mr. E. T. Atkinson, C.S., Allahabad, who 7 kindly communicated them to the Society. Mr. Blochmann said, Sakit is scarcely ever mentioned by Muham- — madan Historians. The emperor Buhlal Lodi got sick in Sakit and died 3 } there. In the Ain, Parganah Sakit is mentioned as belonging to Sirkér | Qanauj. Its area was 132955 big’hahs, 9 biswahs, and the revenue is . stated to have been 3,280,752 dams. A most remarkable event, however, in the local history is Akbar’s fight with the Sakit dacoits, which according to the Akbarnamah took place in — | the beginning of the 7th year of his reign, (immediately after the conquest | ‘| of Mairt’ha), 2. e. in the latter half of 969 A. H., or beginning of 1562, | A.D. The people inhabiting the villages round Sakit, it is said, stood unri- | valled for their rebellious spirit and ungratefulness, especially those of eight | places which were collectively called At’hgah.; ‘The eye of the age never | saw rebels, thieves, and murderers like them ; they are not only themselves | disorderly, but keep the villages and their inhabitants in a disordered state, | and they live a bold sort of life, which only fools call bravery.” The officers of the district had frequently complained of the inhabitants, when it hap- pened that his Majesty took his way to Sakit in order to hunt. Khwajah Ibrahim Badakhshif was at that time Jagirdar of Sakit. The drivers fell in with a Brahman of the name of Hapah, and took him to the emperor ; forhe | wished to complain of the Sakit people, who had murdered his son and plun- | dered his whole property. Akbar next morning resolved to punish the people of the place where the robbery had been committed, and sent a detachment of drivers in advance. When the emperor next morning arrived at the | place, the drivers informed him that the people had all fled. Several de- 4 tachments of soldiers were immediately sent out to hunt down the fugitives, and Qarataq,§ the imperial Mir Shikar, killed a man and brought another to the emperor who had in the meantime come to the village of Paronk’h (MSS. 483953). or &S395!). Here, it was ascertained, the robbers had collect- * The usual phrase denoting ‘ pantheism.’ + The Lucknow edition of the Akbarnamah (II, 205) has APhginah. - { Vide Ain Translation, p. 435. The inscription of a mosque built by him is given below, on p. 105. § Vide Ain Translation, pp. 400, 516. {03 ——— SSeS ee 1874: | H. Blochmann—On Sakiét Inscriptions. 103 ed and resolved to fight. The whole imperial camp did not consist of more than one thousand people; but as so many had been sent over the surround- ing country, the number actually present did not exceed two hundred. There were besides about two hundred elephants in the camp. Although the robbers numbered more than four thousand, the emperor gave orders to attack their fortification. But no success was obtained, and the soldiers on account of the heat produced by the conflagration of the houses, climbed up the trees for protection. Akbar mounted on his elephant Dastkar, and rushed forward ;* but the fire drove him back, and-he rode to the rear of the place. When the elephant entered the narrow street of the village, a man in yellow armour (jaibah) appeared on the roof ofa house. Akbar took him ~ for Dastam Khan,} who had a similar armour, approached the house in spite of the arrows, pieces of wood, and stones that flew about, and found that the man in yellow was Mugbil Khan, who in pursuing a robber had gone up the roof of a house, where he was surrounded by several dacoits. The emperor at once drove the elephant to the house, and Bandah ’Ali, quzbegi of Mun’im Khan and elder brother to Sultan ’Ali Khaldar, ran up and speared the rebels. At the same time, the forefoot of Akbar’s ele- phant sank into a grain-pit, and Jhujhar Khan, the Faujdar,t who was sitting behind the emperor, fell with force upon his Majesty. But Akbar remained cool, managed to get the elephant out of the hole, and at once drove up to the place which the robbers had fortified. Only Rajah Bhag- wan Das and Rajah Bidhi Chand were with the emperor, who had to ask the former for a drink of water. A Hindd struck at Akbar’s elephant, and the sword hit the iron rings, which for the sake of beauty are attached to the tusks, in so powerful a manner, that the sparks flew about, and the ele- phant got wild and trampled the robber to death. Immediately afterwards, a boy of about fifteen years, from fright, threw himself from the roof of a house on the emperor’s elephant. Jhujhar Khan was on the point of killing him, when the emperor told him to keep him a prisoner. When they reached the fortified place, they saw that the officers of the imperial elephants had arrived, but stood perplexed on account of the un- expected extent of the fight. They were now ordered to attack the wall. A | Rajpat archer aimed seven arrows at the emperor, who caught them with his shield: five of them pierced the shield and passed five and three inches (unglt) through the back, and two stuck in the shield without passing through the back. God’s protection is quite another shield. ’Alawal Khan, one of the officers of the elephants, seeing how gallantly the emperor’s elephant went forward, called out, “ Well done! Who are you? I shall not forget to mention you to his Majesty.” Akbar lifted his visor, * Abul Fazl says that the emperor himself gave him an account of the fight. + Ain Translation, p. 398. Vambéry spells this name Dostum. { J. e. an officer in charge of elephants; Ain Translation, p. 126. 104 H. Blochmann—On Sakit Inscriptions. [May, shewed his face, and politely thanked ’Alawal for his good intentions. At the same time Tatar Khan called to the emperor not to expose himself to the shower of arrows; but Jhujhar Khan told him to hold his tongue and not direct the attention of the enemy to the emperor by calling out his name. Akbar, still on the same elephant, now broke down the wall and entered the place, joined by three or four other elephants. A good number of the rebels were killed, whilst others retreated to the house which they barricaded. Akbar gave orders to make a hole in the roof of the house and had fire thrown into it. Nearly one thousand people were thus consumed by the flames of divine fury. Akbar returned towards evening. Mr. James in a letter to Mr, Atkinson writes as follows— ‘You will remember that some time ago Mr. Blochmann asked you whether you could get a place 49,4 or 4%y,4 identified, where Akbar narrow- ly escaped with his life in a fight with some dacoits. The story is still known among the people here. It was thus. A certain renowned dacoit stole some of the crown jewels from the palace of Fathptr Sikri, and fled with them to Paronk’h (q@f@), a Thakur village on the Isan in the Mainpuri district, 9 kos south of Sakit. Akbar demanded his surrender, but the Tha- kurs refused. On this Akbar came himself with some troops, and besieged Paronk’h. The fort soon capitulated, and the thief was brought bound to the emperor. Then comes a parallel story to that of Col. Blood in Charles II.’s reign. Akbar only complimented the thief on his audacity and reward- ed him. ‘ ‘The remains of the Paronk’h fort, situated in the midst of a khera, are still visible.’ The following are the inscriptions from Sakit— 1. ILnscription from a mosque built during the reign of Balban (froma rubbing). Lod} & le aot oe gla sl pls Od sf OS eles O¢e (3 &S lao ome) sly [dao a} MLA Avo ged axl pol aL Kate erie wytbbod} cyarts yet ! eost 9 red) Ke 2 Ree el. vc cgi leles @his elt ce Bild 4,0 Ms} 9 &ilblw 4 &S Lio I) Kyl kaw wails 9 This blessed mosque was built in the reign of the Imam, the Lord of the world, the King of mankind, Ghiyasuddunya waddin Abul Muzaffar Balban, the Sultan, the right hand of the Khalifah, the helper of the Commander of the Faithful— may God perpetuate his kingdom and his rule, and elevate his order and dignity !—in the days of Qutlugh the Royal......... ,in A. H. 684 (A. D. 1285]. For other Balban inscriptions, vide Thomas, Chronicles, p. 186; Pro- ceedings, A. S. Bengal, May, 1873, p. 94, and the Palam Baoli Inscription} in the Journal for this year. 1874]. H. Blochmann—On Sakit Inscriptions. 105 2. Inscription from a mosque built during the reign of Sher Shah (from a rubbing). &5 SsLaadh ost) god sly y as L way Ly ap bs wu eos y Sax” SUI Mt ad slapd RI} git errsts [sat Os 79 cot oh! glo yl ells Od! ad ely Oge es ais doko ell us? wily KIL Xs hls &lblwe y &KiLe aU} ola Jols wtbles i Kal grand guitiyhs Bw Edus wylazico ye Bilal f dle al} Jas sh ens Y pRmn pt In the name of God, the compassionate and merciful ! There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is God’s prophet. O God! O Compassion- ate! O Merciful! The building of this blessed mosque took place during the reign of the Imam, the lord of the world, the king of mankind, Fariduddunya waddin Abul Muzaffar Sher Shah, the just king,—may God perpetuate his kingdom and his rule and elevate his kindness and dignity !—and it was in the days of Sa’Gd Khan, sonof Mas’td ae on the 7th Sha’ban, 947 A. H. [7th December, 1540].* 3. Inscription from a mosque built during the reign of Akbar (from a reading). w ett wis ear fet wllenJ | WPS os 3 ti age Sal Zod esd a aon il bls my bet dls can dle csjt be haat oon” ssh Jia pstedioy GIS etl! eo} plbs woe SIU LL Foe pct clas, B52 redial} NW Aaclnmet 5K. , Keleeeed g Garten Bhi lied ped (3 This blessed mosque was built in the time of the great king, the honored Khaq4n, the lord of the kings of Arabia and Persia, the guardian of God’s countries, the protector of the faith of the Arabian Prophet, Jalaluddin MuhammadAkbarPadishah Ghazi—may God Almighty perpetuate his kingdom and his rule and scatter over the people of the world his kindness and liberality !—and it was ordered...... administration...... of Nizamuddin Ibrahim Khan of Badakhsha4n, in Sha’ban, 970,...... The writer is Isma’il. [April, 1563, A. D.] The builder as was remarked above is called in the A’in Akbari and the Akbarnamah ‘ Khwajah Ibrahim Badakhshi.’ 4, Inscription from the Sarat Ag hat, Sakit (from a reading). O80 199 WIE Soya W'S dons * The Arabic words after Mas’id Khan seem to be intended for taqabbala allahu -anhu, ‘may God accept it of him !’ 106 A. O. Hume—ew Species of Birds. [ May, On the 9th Juméda II., 1097 A. H., in the 29th year of the reign of Aurangzib Ghazi, when Nawab Ilham ullah was the jagirdar,and Mirza Amir Beg was the Faujdar, this Sarai was established. It was built by Khizr Khan, Muhammad Khan, and Rastil Khan Tayah.* [23rd February, 1686. ] Thus it would appear that Mirza Amir Beg was Faujdar of the district in 1686. His name is not mentioned in the meagre sources for Aurangzib’s reion. [hamullah Khan is once incidentally mentioned in the Madsir a "Alamgiré (p. 249) as having served in the 28th year of the emperor’s reign in the Dak’hin. The Sarai alluded to is also called Sarai ’Abdurrasul. Mr. Ball, on behalf of Mr. A. O. Hume, C. S., C. B., exhibited some new species of birds and read the following description of them :— New species of Birds exhibited and characterized by Mr. A. O. Hung, C..S. C. B, | I beg to exhibit specimens of a few, as I believe, new species of birds. The first is a Jay; a Garrulus, of the same type as the well known G. | glandarius of Europe. I propose for it the name of— (1.) GaRRULUS LEUCOTIS, its snowy white ear coverts being amongst its most characteristic features. The forehead, lores, orbital region, ear | coverts, chin and throat are pure white, there is an enormously broad, but rather short black moustachial stripe. The anterior portion of the crown white, the feathers centered with blackish brown. .The posterior portion of the crown, occiput and nape black. Not only the greater primary coverts but also the outer webs of the secondary quills are strongly barred in the usual Jay fashion. Length 12°5—W. 6:55. The next is a green Woodpecker, recalling in some points, strvolatus and vittatus, but differing conspicuously from all known Gecinz, and for this I propose the name of— (2.) Grcrnus NiGRIGENIS. The entire top, back and sides of the head and nape black, in the female, in the male similar, but the crown crim- son. Chin, throat, sides of neck and breast, bright turmeric yellow. Abdo- men and rest of lower and upper parts much as in striolatus but rump crimson. Length of male, 12°82. Wing, 6:4. Then we have a most lovely Arboricola, the most beautiful of the group, which I owe to that indefatigable ornithologist, L. Mandelli, Esq. and which I propose to name after him— (3.) ArRporicota Manpetiit. Very few words will suffice to charac- terize this species. It belongs to the same type, as rufogularis, Hodg. and * The word Tviyah is unclear to me; but as it stands after the name, it must be a family distinction, unless it be a wrong reading. 1874. } A. O. Hume—Wew Species of Birds. 107 intermedia, Blyth, in that the feathers of the upper back and interscapulary region, are neither barred nor fringed with black. The forehead is a deep maroon chestnut, the crown and occiput a rich ruddy olive. The chin, throat, ear-coverts and sides of the neck bright chestnut, the two latter streaked with black; a broad black line sharply defines the chestnut of the throat; in the centre of the base of the throat, there is a snow-white patch, immediately above the black border line. Below this latter the breast is a rich maroon chestnut. | The rest of the bird closely resembles the speeies already referred to. Length about 85; wing 4°75, A new species of Ganpsorhynchus may be designated, (4.) GAMPSORHYNCHUS ToRQuATUS. Much resembles rufulus, but is rather smaller, has a slightly smaller bill, is somewhat more warmly coloured. The white of the head does not extend backwards beyond the crown, nor - that of the throat on to the breast. A deep rufous brown band bounds the white of the head every where, being deepest and most conspicuous across the base of the throat where it forms a regular and most marked collar, below this collar the rest of the lower parts are a light rufous buff. Length, 9°5— Wing, 3°75. The last bird I describe with some hesitation ; it is a Leiotrichine form, allied to Minla and Proparus but distinct from all known species, I believe, of this group. My only reason for doubt is this. In some particulars it closely resembles Mr. Mandelli’s Ainla rufogularis, (Stray FEatuers, Vol. 1, p. 416), but it is longer, has a smaller wing rather, entirely wants the rusty red throat, and the black and white bands continued over the forehead, which bands in our bird do not extend further forward than the middle of the eye. In other respects, Mr. Mandelli's description would apply fairly well. Could it be that my bird is the female, Rufogularis the male? Amongst the species comprised in the various subgenera which may all be included in the genus Leiothrix, there are never marked differences in the sexes. Again both Mr, Mandelli and Mr. Brookes, placed rufogularis as a Minla (I have not myself seen a specimen) whereas, this present bird, is a typical Proparus with a still stronger and more Parian bill than viné pectus. I think myself it may on the whole for the present be named and I designate it— ; (5.) Proparus purus. I need only add that the length is 5-5; the wing 2°05 ; and the tail 2°35, and that besides the differences already point- ed out, the plumage of this species further differs from rufogularis, in want- ing the “crescentic patch of bright fulvous white beyond the ear-coverts,” and in having the chin, throat, breast and abdomen pale fulvescent, the flanks and lower tail coverts olivaceous, and the tibial plumes dull pale rufescent. 108 A. Cunningham—Zhe Archeological Survey of 1873-74. — [ May, I take this opportunity of noting that as I find that Col. Tytler’s name “ affinis” for the Andaman Paroquet, which I have recently shown to be distinct from erythrogenys, Blyth, from the Nicobars, cannot stand, that name having already been assigned by Mr. Gould to another species of the same genus, I have named the Andaman bird, P. Tytlert in memory of my late friend who did so much towards the elucidation of the avi-fauna of the Andaman Islands. May, 6th, 1874. The following papers were read. 1. Notes on a hoard of 543 Sassanian Coins in the possession of Col. H. Hyde, R. H.—By tHe How’sre EH, C. Baytey, C, 8. I. This paper will be published in the Journal, Part I. 2. Memorandum on the Operations of the Archaeological Survey for season 1873-74. By Masor Generat A. Cunninenam, R. E., C. S. I. During the working season which is just now closed, the greater part of the Central Provinces has been explored by my assistant Mr. Beglar and myself, he taking the Hastern half and [ the Western half—the division being broadly marked by the high road through Jabalpur and Seoni to Nagpur. At Jabalpur we examined together the old temple at Bhera Ghat, overhanging the marble rocks. ‘The present temple is small, and apparently a re-construction of part only of the original building; but the circular colonnade which surrounds the temple, with its long line of female statues, all of life-size, is one of the most curious and perfect specimens of Hindu architecture that I have yet met with. The temple and its surrounding statues are dedicated to the worship of Siva; but from the discovery of a single small statue with the well known Buddhist creed, Ye Dharmma hetu, fc., inscribed on the pedestal, I have littie doubt that this circular colon- nade must originally have enclosed a Buddhist stupa. Each of the female statues has the name engraved on the pedestal, and from the shapes of the letters of these records I would assign the destruction of the Buddhist works and the establishment of the Saiva temple to the ninth or tenth century. To the north of Jabalpur I explored the ruined temples of Bilahari and of Karnpur near Kari Talai, and obtained good copies of the Asoka inscription on the rock at Rapnath. Through the kindness of Mr. C. Grant, | Commissioner of Jabalpur, I obtained two copper plate inscriptions contain- — 1 ing a land grant of Raja Jayanatha, dated in Samvat 174, which were found ~ at Karnpur. : j Tothe west of Jabalpur I explored the decayed city of Burhanpur, where : I made plans of the Jami and Bibi Masjids—the former being one of the — finest Muhammadan buildings in India. It contains a long inscription of ¥ 1874.] A. Cunningham—The Archeological Survey of 1873-74. 109 Adil Shah Fardki with a Sanskrit translation, and also a record of Akbar mentioning his conquest of Khandes and the Dakhin. From Asirgarh I - got a second similar record of Akbar, with an inscription of his son Daniy4l, and others of Shah Jahan and Aurangzib. To the south I explored the Buddhist caves and Brahmanical temples at Bhandak, to which place I am now able to restore a long and valuable inscription of the sixth or seventh century, the fine spot of which was unknown. I visited also the colossal sculptures at Lalpet, outside the walls of Chanda, of which the largest measures no less thah 263 feet in length by 18 feet in breadth and 3 in thickness at the base. I calculate its weight at upwards of 80 tons. The sculpture represents the goddess Durga, with ten heads, ten arms, and ten legs. On the pedestal there is a bas-relief of Siva performing fapasya, or ascetic penance. Fifty miles to the eastward of Chanda and about 120 miles to the South of Nagpur I visited the famous group of temples at Markanda, on the Wen-Ganga river. The principal temple of Markanda Rishi is of the same type as the great temples at Khajuraho in Bundelkhand, the outside being decorated with three rows of statues below and four rows above. Unfortunately this temple was struck by lightning about 200 years ago, which destroyed the upper half of the tower and the roofs of the mdéhaman- dapa, oy main hall, and its side porches. The temple was dedicated to Siva. It is surrounded by about a dozen other temples of the same god under different titles, with a long cloister temple in the back wall of the enclosure, which is dedicated to the ten Avatars of Vishnu. The sculptures are of the same styleas those of Khajuraho, but without their indecency. The temples may be assignedto the ninth and tenth century, but there are remains of former buildings, as well as a broken pillar with an inscription of an earlier date. On the northern frontier of the Central Provinces I explored the small States of Mahiyar (Myhere) and Nagod. In the former State there is an old temple dedicated to Saraswati, on the top of a lofty conical hill, three miles to the west of the town. The enshrined figure of the goddess has an inscription of four lines on the pedestal, and outside there is a long inscrip- tion of 89 lines which is unfortunately much worn by the weather. I¢ opens with an invocation to Saraswati. In the State of Nagod, which was formerly called Uchahara, there are several ancient sites, one of which, named Dhaniya-Majgowa, has yielded a number of copper-plate inscriptions, of which eight are now in the possession of the Raja of Nagod. These records belong to two different families of petty chiefs, of whom the principal representatives are Raja Hastina and his sons Sakshabhana and Sarvvanatha in one line, and Raja Jayandtha and his son Sarvvanatha in the other line. At Bhubhara, twelve miles to the 110 A. Cunningham—TZhe Archeological Survey of 1873-74. (May, west-north-west of Uchahara, I obtained a short record of the last named prince inscribed on a stone pillar. But the most interesting remains are at Bharahut, six miles to the north-east of Uchahara, nine miles to the south-east of the Sutna Railway station, and 120 miles to the south-west of Allahabad. In our maps the place is called Bharaod, and I believe that it may be identified with the Bardaotis, of Ptolemy. It is the site of an old city, which only sixty years ago was covered with a dense jungle. In the midst of this jungle stood a large brick stupa, 68 feet in diameter, surrounded by a stone railing, 88 feet in diameter and nine feet in height. The wholeof the stupa has been ~ carried away to build the houses of the present village; but rather more than half of the stone railing still remains, although it has been prostrated by the weight of the rubbish thrown against it when the stupa was excavat- ed. When I first saw the place only three of the railing pillars near the eastern gate were visible above the ground, but a shallow excavation soon brought to light some pillars of the south gate, from which I obtained the measurement of one quadrant of the circle, I was thus able to determine the diameter of the enclosure, the whole of which was afterwards excavated, partly by myself and partly by my assistant Mr. Beglar. In many places the accu- mulation of rubbish rose to eight feet in height, and as the stone pillars were lying flat underneath this heap, the amount of excavation was neces- sarily rather great ; but the whole work did not occupy more than six weeks, and all that now exists of this fine railing is now exposed to view. This colonnade of the Bharahut stupa is of the same age and style as that of the great Sanchi stupa near Bhilsa. But the Sanchi railing is quite plain, while the Bharahut railing is profusely sculptured,—every pillar and every rail as well as the whole coping being sculptured on both faces, with an inscription on nearly every stone. From the characters of these inserip- tions, as in the similar case of the Sanchi stupa, the erection of the railing must be assigned to the age of Asoka, or about B. C. 250. The inscriptions are mostly records of the gifts of pillars and rails, like | those of the Sanchiand other stupas. But there is also a considerable number of descriptive records, or placards, placed either above or below many of the sculptures. These last are extremely valuable, as they will enable us | to identify nearly all the principal figures and scenes that are represented | in these ancient bas-raliefs. é Amongst the numerous sculptures at Bharahut there are no naked © figures as at Sénchi and at Mathura, but all are well clad, and especially the | women, whose heads are generally covered with richly-figured cloths, which may be either muslins, or perhaps brocades or shawls. Most of the figures, { both male and female, are also profusely adorned with gold and jewelled | ornaments, in many of which one of the most significant Buddhist symbols | ! } 1874.] A. Cunningham—The Archeological Survey of 1873-74. 111 L plays a prominent part. The earrings are mostly of one curious massive _ pattern which is common to both men and women. The ankis, or elephant _ goad, was also a favourite ornament, which is placed at intervals in the long ' necklaces of ladies. At each of the four entrances the corner pillars bore statues, each 43 feet in height, of Yakshas and Yakshinis and of Naga Rajas, to whom the guardianship of the gates was entrusted. Thus at the northern gate there are two male figures and one female, which are respectively labelled Ajakd- laka Yakho, Kupiro Yakho, and Chadé Yakhi, that™is, the Yakshas named _ Ajakdlaha and Kupira and the Yakshini Chandé. Other Yakshas are _ named Suviloma, Virudaka and Gangito, and a second Yakshini is labelled VYakhini Sudasana. On two other pillars there are male figures, each with a hood canopy of five snakes’ heads and each labelled Wdga Raja. These have their arms crossed upon their breasts in an attitude of devotion appro- priate to their appearance on a Buddhist building. On two middle pillars there are two female statues respectively labelled Chukaloka Devaté and Sirimaé Devata whom I take to be goddesses. Amongst the scenes represented there are upwards of a dozen of the Buddhist legends called Jdtakas, all of which relate to the former births of Buddha. Luckily these also have their appropriate inscriptions, or descriptive labels, without which I am afraid that their identification would hardly have been possible. Amongst these Jdtakas are the following : (1.)—Hansa Jataka, or “ Goose-birth,” of which the only portion now remaining below the inscription is the expanded tail of a peacock, which ~ must therefore have played some part in the story. (2.)—Kinara Jataka, The Kinaras were a kind of demi-gods. Here two of them, male and female, are represented, with human heads and clad in leaves, standing before some human personage whois seated. The assign- ment of horses’ heads to the Kinaras must therefore belong to a later date. _ (8.)—Miga Jataka, or the well known legend of the “Deer,” in Sanskrit Mdriga. Icall ita deer and not an antelope, asis generally understood, because all the animals in this bas-relief are represented with antlers. The king of Kasi is seen aiming an arrow at the King of the Deer (Buddha). (4.)—Magha-Deviya Jatakam, or “ Magha Devi-birth,” I know no- thing of this story. (5.\—Yava Majhakiyam Jatakam. This title means literally the “mean or average amount of food,” which was attained by daily increasing the quantity with the waxing moon and decreasing it with the waning moon. I know nothing of the story, but the bas-relief shows a king seated with baskets of grain (?) before him, each bearing a stamp or medallion of a human head. To the left some men are bringing other baskets. Barley (yava) would appear to have been the principal food in those days. 112 A. Cunningham—TZhe Archeological Survey of 1873-74. — [May, (6.)—Bhisaharaniya Jataka, A rishi (or sage) is seated in front of his hut, with a man and woman standing before him, and a monkey seated on the ground, who is energetically addressing the sage. (7.)—Latuwa-Jatakam.—The “ Latwa-bird-birth.’—This legend ap- parently refers to some story of a bird and an elephant, of which I heard a curious versionin Kashmir in 1839. In the bas-relief there is a bee stinging the eye and a bird pecking the head of an elephant, with a frog croaking close by, while the elephant is treading on a nest of young birds. To the right the same (ora similar) bird is sitting on the branch of a tree over an elephant who is running away with his tail between his legs. Near the top the hind half of an elephant is seen rushing down some rocks. In my Kashmiri version an elephant while feeding throws down a nest of young birds into a stream, where they are all drowned. ‘The parent bird seeks the aid of the bees and mosquitoes, who attack the elephant with their stings, and having half blinded him he rushes off towards the stream, and plunging headlong down the rocks is drowned. The fable seems in- tended to show the power of combination. There can be no doubt that the two legends are substantially the same ; and it seems probable that we may find other Buddhist Jdtakas still preserved in modern legends after the lapse of more than 2,000 years. Perhaps this particular legend may be found in the Pancha Tantra. (8.)—Vitura punakaya Jéatakam—I know nothing of this story Vitura may perhaps be a mistake for Vithurd “ a thief.” Of illustrations of the life of Buddha during his last appearance there are some good examples. The earliest of these is a medallion containing Maya’s dream of the white elephant, which is superscribed Bhagavato Ukdanti. A second scene belongs to the reign of Ajdta Satru, King of Magadha, in the eighth year of whose reign Buddha attained Wirvdna. This is labelled— Ajitasata Bhagavato vandate.-—Some of the well known assemblies of the Buddhists would also appear to be represented, of which one is called the Jatila Sabha, of which I know nothing, A second belongs, I think, to a later period of Buddhist history, about midway between the death ot Buddha and the reign of Asoka. ‘This sculpture represents a large assembly and is duly labelled— Sudhamma Reva Sabha Bhagavato Chuda Maha.—The words Reva F Sabha I take to mean the assembly or synod which was presided over by * | the famous Buddhist Priest Revato just 100 years after the death of Buddha, or in B. C. 378. But the Bharahut sculptures are not confined to the legends and events connected with the career of Buddha, as there is at least one bas- relief which illustrates a famous scene in the life of Rama. In this sculp- 7h ® ; 1874.] A. Cunningham—The Archeological Survey of 1873-74. 113 ture there are only three figures, of which one seated to the left is holding out an arrow towards a male and female who stand before him—the latter being behind the other. These figures are labelled respectively Rama (the rest lost, but most probably Chandra), Janaka Raja and Srtala Devi. I believe that this is by far the earliest notice that we possess of the great solar hero Rama and his wife. I look upon the aiscovery of these curious sculptures as one of the most valuable acquisitions that has yet been made to our knowledge of ancient India. From them we can learn what was the dress of all lasses of the people of India during the reign of Asoka, or about three quarters of a century after the death of Alexander the Great. We can see the Queen of India decked out in all her finery, with a flowered shawl or muslin sheet over her head, with massive earrings and elaborate necklaces, and a petticoat reaching to the midleg, which is secured round the waist by a zone of seven strings, as well as by a broad and highly ornamented belt. Here we can seethe soldier with short curly hair, clad in a long jacket, or tunic, which is tied at the waist, and a dhotz reaching below the knees, with long boots, ornamented with a tassel in front just like Hessians, and armed with a straight broad sword, of which the scabbard is three inches wide. Here also we may see the standard-bearer on horseback with a human-headed bird surmounting the pole. Here, too, we can see the king mounted on an elephant escorting a casket of relics. The curious horse- _ trappings and elephant-housings of the time are given with full and : elaborate detail. : Everywhere we may see the peculiar Buddhist symbol which crowns the great stupa at Sanchi used asa favourite ornament, It forms the drop of an earring, the clasp of a necklace, the support of a lamp, the crest of the royal standard, and the decoration of the lady’s broad belt and of the soldier’s scabbard. There are also houses of many kinds, and several temples, one of which is labelled Vijayata pasdde, or the ‘Temple of Victory.” There are animals of several kinds, as elephants, horses, deer, cows, and monkeys, and a single specimen of a real tapir. There are numerous crocodiles and fishes, and in one sculpture there is a very large fish, which is represented swallowing two boat-loads of men. There is also a great _ variety of flowers, and several kinds of fruits, amongst which the mangoe ) is very happily treated. : But perhaps the most curious of the Bharahut sculptures are a few scenes of broad humour, with elephants and monkeys as the only charac- | ters. In two of these an elephant has been captured by a_ band of 114 A. Cunningham—TZhe Archeological Survey of 1873-74. [May, monkeys, who have fastened a billet of wood along the inside of his trunk — so as to prevent him from moving it. Ropes are fastened to his neck — and body, the ends of which are pulled by monkeys, who are walking — and dancing in triumphal procession to the sound of shells and cymbals — played by other monkeys. The spirit of these scenes is very droll. A third scene represents the monkeys holding a giant by the nose with a ~ pair of pincers, to which is fastened a rope dragged by an elephant. The — action and attitudes of the monkeys are very good. The intention of all these designs is exceedingly spirited, but the execution is coarse and weak. In the short inscriptions on the railing of the Bharahut stupal — find the names of the following places, Sugana, or Srughna ; Vedisa, or — Bhilsa ; Pdtaliputra, or Patna; Kosdmbi, or Kosam ; Nandinagarika, — or Nander; and Wasika, or Nasik; besides a number of unknown places, — of which Asitamasé is most probably some town on the river Zamasé — or Tamas, the Tons of our maps. - From these inscriptions also I have learned the names of several parts | of the Buddhist gateways and railings, one of which is a new word, or at least a new form of word, not to be found in the dictionaries. Ll} On the top of Lal Pahar, or the “ Red Hill,” which overhangs Bhara- | hut, I obtained a rock inscription of one of the great Kalachuri Rajas, | Nara Sinha Deva, dated in Samvat (Sake) 909. Altogether Mr. Beglar . and I have collected about twenty inscriptions of the Kalachuris, who took — the titles of Chedindra and Chedinarendra, or “Lord of Chedi,” and — called the era which they used the Chede Samvat and the Kalachurt — Sanvat. I have also got an inscription of the great Chalukya Raja Tribhuvana — Malla, who began to reign in A. D. 1076 and reigned 51 years. The in- | scription is dated in Sake 1008, or A. D. 1086, and the place of its | discovery, Sitabaldi, confirms the account of his having conducted an expedition across the Narbada. After leaving Bharahut I visited Kosam on the Jumna, which I have formerly identified with the ancient Kosambi. I explored the place very minutely, and my three days’ search was rewarded by the discovery of several very curious terra-cotta figures, which are certainly as old as | the period of Buddhist supremacy, as the common Buddhist symbol forms | an ornament, both for males and females, as in the Bharahut sculptures | which I have just before described. Unfortunately there are no inscriptions upon them. Some of them were undoubtedly toys. Such are two rams’ J heads with a hole from side to side for an axle and a hole at right angles | behind for the insertion of a pole, so that they might be rolled forward — on wheels to butt against each other. Such also are four carts or chariots | with similar perforations, and with harnessed oxen represented on the ‘ by H. H. Wilson. 1874.) A. Cunningham—The Archeological Survey of 1873-74. 115 fronts. One of them has four oxen, the others only two. These I take to be authentic specimens of the ancient Toy-cart, or Mrichchhakatz, which gave its name to one of the oldest of the Hindu dramas translated A. CUNNINGHAM, Major-General, Director General of the Archeological Survey of India. Srmna, the 13th April, 1874. Bharahut.—A further examination of the inscriptions, and the receipt of Mr. Beglar’s report of the completion of the excavations, have made several very valuable additions to my account of the Bharahut sculptures of which I will now give a brief description. A bas-relief, labelled with the name of Pasenajita, shows the well- known King of Kosala in a chariot drawn by four horses proceeding to pay his respects to the Buddhist Wheel symbol, which is appropriately named Bhagavato dhamma chakam. A second bas-relief represents a Naga Chief kneeling before the Bodhi ‘Tree, attended by a number of Naga followers. This scene is named Erapito Néga Réja Bhagavato vandate, that is,“ Erapatra, the Naga Raja, worships Buddha.” The following Jdtakas have also been found by Mr. Beglar: (1) Uda Jataka, (2) Senchha Jataka, (3) Birila (read Birdla) Jétaka—(or) Kukuta Jataka,—(4) Isimibo Jataka, (5) Naga Jataka, and (6) Chhadantiya Jatakam. A single bas-relief gives a party of female dancers attended by female musicians. The attitudes are the same as at the present day; but the four female dancers are intended for Apsaras, as they are separately labelled,— Alambusa Achhara, Subhada Achhara, Padwmanati Achhard, and Misakose Achhara. There are also representations of five separate Bodhi Trees of as many different Buddhas, which are distinctly labelled as follows : (1.)\—Bhagavato Vipasino Bodhi, that is, the Tree of Vipasyin or Vipaswi, the first of the seven Buddhas, (2.)—Bhagavato Kakusadhasa Bodhi. (3.)\—Bhagavato Konagamans Bodhi, (4.)—Bhagavato Kasapasa Bodhi. (5.)—Bhagavato Sakamunino Bodhi. These last are the four well known Buddhas named Krakuchhanda, Kondégamani, Kaésyapa, and Stkyamunt. But by far the most interesting of all Mr. Beglar’s discoveries is a bas-relief representing the famous Jetavana monastery at Sravasti. 'The scene is labelled Jetavana Anddhapediko dati kott santhatena keta, which I 116 A, Cunningham—The Archeological Survey of 1873-74. [May, take to mean that “Anathapedika buys (keta) the Jetavana for certain — kotis of money.” ‘To the left there is a building labelled Kosambikuti, a name which has already appeared in my Sravasti inscription. A second — building near the top is labelled Gadhakuti or Gandhakuti. In the fore= — ground there is a cart which has just been unladen, with the pole and yoke tilted upwards, and the bullocks at one side. The story of the purchase of - Prince Jeta’s garden by Anathapindika for eighteen kotis of masurans is told in Hardy’s Manual of Buddhism. According to the legend Prince Jeta, not wishing to sell the garden, said that he would not part with it for a less sum than would pave the whole area when the pieces of — money (masuwrans) were laid out touching each other. This offer was at — once accepted by Anathapindika, and accordingly the court-yard is repre- sented covered with ornamented squares, which touch each other like the squares of a chess board, but do not break bond as a regular pavement of © stones or tiles would do. For this reason I take the squares to represent — the squares pieces of old Indian money. SBeside the cart there are two figures with pieces in their hands. These I suppose to be Anathapindika himself and a friend counting out the money. Inthe middle of the court — are two other figures also with square pieces in their hands. These I suppose — to be the purchaser’s servants who are laying down the coins touching each — other. To the left are several persons of rank looking on, whom I take to — be Prince Jeta and his friends. The whole scene is very curious ; and when ~ we remember that the bas-relief is as old as the time of Asoka, it does nob — seem too rash to conclude that we have before us a rude representation of — the buildings of the famous Jetavana which were erected by Anathapindika | during the lifetime of Buddha. One of the new inscriptions discovered by Mr. Beglar is also interest- ing, as we get the name of a king who must have been a contemporary of — Asoka. This record is as follows: “ (Gift) of the Prince Vadha Pala, son | of Raja Dhanabhuti.” { A. CUNNINGHAM, Major-General, 4 Director General of the Archeological Survey of India. | 8. Fourth List of Birds, principally from the Néga Hills and Manipir, | including others from the Khasi, Garo and Tippera Hills —By Mason | H. H. Gopwiy-Auvsten, F. R. G. S., F. Z.S. This paper will be published in the Journal, Part IT. 1874.] Labrary. 117 LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the meeting held in April last. Presentations. x* Names of Donors in Capitals. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birmingham, 29th and 30th July, 1873, Cornwall Meeting, Part’I. Tue Institution. Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, No. XXVITI. Alfred Morgan.—On Gems and Precious Stones. 2. C. Johnson.—The Exploration of Moab. THE Socrery. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XXI, No 147, Vol. XXII, No. 148. No. 147. W. N. Hartley.—On the Optical Properties of a new Chromic Oxalate. J. N. Lockyer.—On the Quantitative Analysis of certain Alloys by means of the Spectro- scope. J. NV. Lockyer.—Researches in Spectrum-Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun. No. 148. Professor J. Thomson.—A Quantitative Investigation of certain re- lations between the Gaseous, the Liquid and the Solid States of Water-Substance. W. Crookes.—On the action of Heat on Gravitating Masses. Tue Roya Society oF Lonvon. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. XVII, Nos. 3, 4, 5. mol, XVIII, No. I. Vol. XVII, No. 3. Hlias—Journey through Western Mongolia. Bower and Gold- smid.—Memorandum and Notes on the Route from Shahrid to Astrabad &c. Shaw.— Miscellaneous Notes on Eastern Turkistan. Johnson and Montgomerie.——Meteorological Observations taken at Lé and remarks thereon. No. 4. Major-General Sir H. C. Rawlinson.—President’s Address at the Anniver- sary Meeting. No. 5. Wéilson.—Recent Surveys in Sinai and Palestine. Vol. XVIII. No. 1.—Voresby.—Recent discoveries in the South-eastern part of New Guinea. Gill—Three visits to New Guinea. Hlas.—Captain Prshewalsky’s Explorations in Mongolia and Northern Thibet. THE Roya GEOGRAPHICAL Soctery oF Lonpon. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. XXX, No. #17. Lieut. A. W. Stiffe—On the Geology of the Mekran Coast. THe GrEoLogicaL Society oF Lonpon. The Journal of the Chemical Society, Nov. and Dec., 1873, Jan., 1874. Dec., 1873. D. Howard.—On the Optical Properties of some Modifications of the Cinchona Alkaloids. 7 118 Library. [May, January, 1874. W. J. Russell—On the action of Hydrogen on Silver Nitrate. THe CnHemicat Society or Lonpon. Journal of the Statistical Society, Vol. XXXVI, Part IV, Dec., 1878. THe Statistica Society oF Lonpon. Journal of the East India Association, Vol. VII, No. 3. THe ASSOCIATION. Hand List of the Edentate, Thick-Skinned and Ruminant Mammals in ~ the British Museum, by Dr. J. E. Gray. | THe British Museum. Ocean Highways. January, 1874. Yemen. Baron F. von Richthofen—Recent attempts to find a direct Trade- — Road to South-western China. Tue Epriror. | Journal Asiatique. Nos. 7, 8, 1873, No. 1, 1874. : 1873, No. 7. M. EH. Renan.—Une nouvelle inscription nabatéenne. WM. 7. Gilbert. — —WNote sur les sectes dans le Kurdistan. No. 8. MZ. A. Causin de Perceval.—Notices anecdotiques sur les principaux musiciens Arabes. 7 1874, No. 1. UM. Dabry de Thiersant—De YVinsurrection mahométane dans la — Chine occidentale. Garrez.—Ouvrages publiés par les Parsis de Bombay. THE Agsratic SocIETY OF PARIS, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Février, 1874. = THE GEOGRAPHICAL SocIETY OF Paris. Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1873, Avril et Mai. THe ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PARI. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlindischen Gesellschaft. Bd XXVII. Heft IV. P| Th. Noldeke.—Zwei syrische Lieder auf die Einnahme Jerusalems durch Saladin. | Dr. O. Blau.—Vergessene punische Glossen. WM. Steinschneider—Zu Kalila we-Dimna. | O. Boehtlingk.—Kinige Bemerkungen zu den von Th. Aufrecht veréffentlichten Spriichen — | aus Carfigadhara’s Paddhati. #. Pretorius—Unsterblichkeitsglaube und Heiligenver- | ehrung bei den Himjaren. #. Spiegel—Zur Erklirung des Avesta. Dr. O. Donner.— Ueber die Wiirzelbildung in den Finnisch-Ugrischen Sprachen. 2 THe GERMAN ORIENTAL SocrEety, Lerpstc. | Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- ten zu Berlin, Januar, 1874. | Stenzler und Weber.—Uber Nilakantha’s Résselsprung. Tur Royat Prusstan ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BeriIn. } Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1873, No.2. | Alex. Becker.—Reise nach Baku, Lencoran, Derbent, Madschalis, Kasum Kent," : : Achty. ) Feu Victor Motschoulsky.—Enumeration des nouvelles espéces de Coléoptéres |) rapportés de ses voyages. (describes some Indian species). i Tur ImpreRIAL SocreTy oF NATURALISTS OF Moscow. 1874.] Lnbrary. 119 The Unchaste Hindu Widow, Part I, by Prannath Pandit. THE AUTHOR. Ubersicht der von mir auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien von Dr. A. B. Meyer. THE AUTHOR. Anthropologische Mittheilungen iiber die Papuas von Neu-Guinea,— I, Aeusserer physischer Habitus, von Dr. A. B. Meyer. oe A THe AUTHOR. A collection of 8 papers by Isaac Lea, LL. D. Notes on Microscopic Crystals included in some Minerals—Further notes on the _ same—Descriptions of six new species of Fresh-water Shells—Descriptions of new species of Unionidae, Exotic and of the United States. 3 THe AUTHOR. Numismatic and other Antiquarian Illustrations of the Rule of the Sassanians in Persia, A. D. 226 to 652, by E. Thomas. THe AUTHOR. Indische Alterthumskunde, von C. Lassen. Bd. 2. THE AUTHOR. Catalogus Codicum Orientalium Bibliothecae Academiae Lugduno- Batavae, M. J. De Goeje, Vol. 5. THe AUTHOR. The Calcutta Journal of Medicine, 1874, Nos. 1-3. Tue Eprtor. General Report on the Topographical Surveys of India for 1872-73. THe SURVEYOR GENERAL OF INDIA. Report on the Judicial Administration of the Central Provinces for 1873, Tue CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. Report on the Administration of the North Western Provinces for 1872-73. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE N. W. PROVINCES. Selection of Papers regarding the Hill Tracts between Assam and Burmah and on the Upper Brahmaputra. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL, Annals of Indian Administration, Parts 1 and 2, 1871-72. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Report on the Cultivation of Jute, witha map. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. General Report on the Revenue Survey Operations of the Upper and Lower Circles for 1872-73. Tur GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Report on the Tribes &c. around the shores of the Persian Gulf, by Lieut.-Col. Pelly. Tue GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. 120 Library. Mag Exchange. The Indian Antiquary, April 1874. M. J. Walhouse.—Archeological Notes. Major J. W. Watson.—Anecdote of Rao Maldeva of Jodhpur. 4. K. Nairne—Musalman remains in the South Konkan. J. Muir.—Professor Lassen on Weber’s Dissertation on the Ramayana. A. / R. Hernle.— Notes on some Prosodical peculiarities of Chand. Capt. #. W. West.—Are the Ma- rathas, Kshatreyas or Sidras? W. Ramsay.—Notes from the North-West. Col. H. Yule.—The Geography of Ibn Batuta’s Travels in India. H. Rehatsek.—The Establish- ment of the Royal City Herat and its dependencies. The Atheneum, November and December, 1873, January, 1874. Nature, Nos. 227-231. Purchase. Pratnakamra Nandini, No. XII. The American Journal of Science, Vol. VI, No. 36, Vol. VIL, No. 37. No. 36. H. Draper.—On Diffraction-Spectrum Photography. H. A. Rowland.— On the Magnetic permeability and the Maximum of Magnetism of Iron, Steel and Nickel. No. 37. MM. Carey Lea.—On a Combination of Silver Chloride with Mercuric Iodide. Comptes Rendus, Vol. LXX VII, Nos. 2026, Vol. LXXVIII, Nos. 1—6. Vol. LXXVII, No. 20. I. Chevreul.—Action de leau pure sur divers métaux. J. Lecoq de Boisbandran.—Sur quelques spectres métalliques (plomb, chlorure Wor, thallium, lithium.) No. 21. WM. Marié-Davy.—Observations 4 propos d’une Note récente de M. Reye, sur les analogies qui existent entre les taches solaires et les tourbillons de notre atmosphére. M. A. Poéy—Sur les rapports entre les taches solaires et les ouragans des Antilles, de VAtlantique nord et de ’océan Indien sud. No. 22. M.A. Bobierre.—Sur les diverses conditions dans lesquelles le plomb est attaqué par l’eau. No. 23. MM. Ch. Legros et Onimus.—Expériences sur l’emploi de la galvanocaustie dans les opérations chirurgicales. No. 24. M. Branly.— valuation en unités mécaniques, de la quantité d’électricité que produit un élément de pile. No. 26. Mf. Alph. Milne Edwards.—Observations sur l’existence de certains rapports entre le mode de coloration des Oiseaux et leur distribution géographique. Vol. LXXVIII, No. 5. IU. A. Bobierre.—Des conditions dans lesquelles le plomb est attaqué par l’eau. No. 6. I. Balard.—Action de Yeau sur le plomb. Journal des Savants, Nov. Dec., 1873, Jan., 1874. Nov., 1873. J. Bertrand.—ULes étoiles filantes. Dec., 1873 and Jan., 1874. A. de Quatrefages,—E’tude sur les Todas. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1873, No. 12. Revue Archéologique, Nov. Dec., 1873, Jan., 1874. Revue des Deux Mondes, Ist Dec., 18783—15th Febr., 1874. The History of India as told by its own Historians, by Sir H. M. Elliot, Vol. V. 1874. ] Lnbrary. 121 The Quarterly Journal of Science, Jan., 1874. M. Ponton.—On the relation between Refracted and Diffracted Spectra. S. Barber. Observations on the Optical Phenomena of the Atmosphere. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Jan., 1874. The Ibis, Jany., 1874. P. L. Sclater——On the Prionochili of British India. Lieut. W. V. Legge.—On the Distribution of Birds in the Southern Hill-region of Ceylon. W. 7. Blanford.—Notes on _ the Synonymy of some Indian and Persian Birds with Descriptions of two new Species from Persia. W.H. Brooks.—Notes on some European an¢ Asiatic Eagles. The Numismatic Chronicle, 1873, Part 3. Major-Genl. A. Cunningham.—Coins of Alexander’s Successors in the East. JZ. _ Thomas,—Sassanian coins. S. #. LZ. Poole-——On the Coins of the Urtukis. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Nos. 808—310, Dec., 1873, Jan., Feb., 1874. No. 308. H. Draper.—On Diffraction-Spectrum Photography. 4A. W. Bickerton.— On a new Relation between Heat and Static Electricity. J. C. Maxwell.—A Discourse on Molecules. O. Heaviside.—On the Differential Galvanometer. W. A. Barrett.—On the Relationship of the Magnetic Metals. No. 309. Professor Challis—A Theory of the Source of Terrestrial Magnetism. R. S. Brough.—On Wheatstone’s Bridge. No. 810. Lord Rayleigh.—On the Manufacture and Theory of Diffraction-gratings. O. Heaviside.—On Wheatstone’s Bridge. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. XII, No. 72, Vol. XIIT, Nos. 73, 74. No. 72. Arthur, Viscount Walden.—Description of three new Species of Asiatic Birds. No. 73. Dr. J. HE. Gray.—Notes on the Smaller Spotted Cats of Asia and its Islands. No. 74. Arthur Viscount Walden.—Description of two new Species of Birds. Dr. A. Ginther.—Third notice of a Collection of Fishes made by Mr. Swinhoe in China. Major H. H. Godwin-Austen.—Description of a new Szbia from the Naga Hills. Dr. H. Karsten.—On the Theory of the Process of Fermentation. MW. A. Milne-Edwards.— Observations on the existence of certain Relations between the Mode of Coloration of Birds and their Geographical Distribution. Dr. J. H. Gray.—On the Steppe Cat of Bokhara (Chaus caudatus). The Edinburgh Review, Jany., 1874. The Westminster Review, Jany., 1874. The Quarterly Review, Jany., 1874. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, FoR puUNE, 1874. et OSS come The monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 38rd instant, at 9 P. M. Col. H. Hyde, R. E., President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentations were laid on the table— “ 1. From Colonel Mowbray Thomson, a Burmese map of the Manipur and Kubbo Valleys, printed on cloth. 2. From E. T. Atkinson, Esq.,a set of photographs of the remains existing at Garhwa near Sheorajpur in the Allahabad district. The following memorandum accompanied the donation— The photographs sent herewith represent the sculptures recently disco- vered at Garhwa near Sheorajpur in Parganah Barah of Allahabad. The _ greater portion were, until recently, covered over with clay and the debris of the temple shown in plate 1. This temple is situated within a fort of which an exterior view is given in plate 18. The site is a depression amongst the low scattered spurs of the Kaimur hills, which here approach the Jumna, and until a few years ago was surrounded by a thick belt of jungle. On the north and west of the fort there are fine tanks and on the brink of the former, the remains of a ghat of cut stone and in the neighbouring jungles cut stones which appear to have formed parts of some building. ‘The fort itself is of an irregular four-sided form built on a raised platform to which access is obtained by a small doorway and on the west by a small postern gate. Within is an inner fort having only one entrance and originally wall- ed off from the outer enclosure. Some of the pillars forming the inner square of this enclosure are still standing and show a cell-like arrangement resem- bling a modern Sarai, They are of various devices from plain voluted shafts 124 E. T. Atkinson—Ruwins at Garhwa. [ JUNE, to those elaborately carved all over in panels, shown in plate 2. Others resemble the Buddhist railings found at Gya and other places in Bengal. The capitals shown in the same plate and in the view of the colonnade in ~ plate 12, are ornamented with four-armed figures or animals such as an alligator, elephant, or tortoise. The figures of the avatars of Vishnu shown — in plates 4, 18 and 14 were first discovered by Mr. G. Knox, CS. and are © in wonderful preservation, ‘The most interesting, however, is “ the bearded Bhar figure” shown in plate 9. This is universally called a Bhar figure, and is in all respects the same as those figured by Sherring in his ‘ Castes of — Benares’ except that it has three heads and also wears the janav or sacred thread. It would appear to me to represent some Hindu deity, and not to be necessarily connected with the Bhars. They undoubtedly inhabited this neighbourhood in early times, and it is to this fact must be attributed the assignment to them of all buildings of which the history has been lost. The inscriptions on the pillars of the temple mention a Kayastha family as the persons who dedicated a statue of Narayana in 1199 Samvat (1142 A. D.), but beyond this we know little of the history of the place. There is no local tradition current respecting it, and all I can suggest is, that it must have been one of the forts inthe country of Malaki wa Dulaki destroyed by Ulugh Khan in 1248 A. D, The tract ruled over by this prince lay between Kana and Kalinjar, and Garhwa would lie on the easiest road between those places (Dowson’s Elliot, I., p. 848). The mutilation of the figures shows that the destruction of the fort and the overthrow of the statues was due to Musalmans. Since then it has fallen into several hands and been tem- —| porarily repaired in places. ‘The position of the hands in the seated figures in the centre of the group in plate 6 and the form of the head-dress of the 7 | figure, of which a back view is given in the same plate, and a front view in plate 9, would point to a much earlier date than the twelfth century, to which all the colossal figures must belong. Since writing the above, I have seen General Ganninehiae s account of the fort and its sculptures in vol. III., p. 53 of the Archeological Reports. He is in error in supposing that Rajah Siva Prasdda was the first to discover | these remains. Garhwa has always been a favourite encamping ground of Be district officers, and as early as 1863, I myself copied the inscriptions. The 4 greater number of the colossal figures now photographed were for the first ij time brought to light in 1878. It is intended to have them brought in | and deposited in the Allahabad Museum. E. T. ATKINSON. Naini Tal, 21st May, 1874. ; 8. From the author, a copy of Report of the Electrical Superintend- 2: ent, Government Telegraph Department, for 1872-73, by L. Schwendler; | Esq. _ 1874.) Mr. Burnell on Copying Inscriptions. 125 4. From Sayyid Kardmat ’Ali, a copy of Kitab u ugul ilalsanah wal- - lughat, and a little MS. containing two short treatises in Persian on the Lawfulness of Food, and on Muharram ceremonies. The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meeting were balloted for and elected ordinary members— Sayyid Amir Ahi, Esq., Barrister at Law, Calcutta. _Y. A. C. Smith, Esq., C. S., Azimghur. The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting— : D. M. Gardner, Esq., C. S. (for re-election), proposed by Mr. A. C. 3 Lyall, seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse. 2 Dr. J. Scully, Medical Officer, Kashgar Political Agency, proposed by Dr. V. Richards, seconded by Mr. J. Wood-Mason. ‘ Captain S. H. Cowan, B.S. C., Revenue Survey Department, proposed by Captain J. Waterhouse, seconded by Mr. J. Wood-Mason. ; Captain T. B. Michell, B.S. C., Assistant Commissioner, Gowhatty, proposed by Captain J. Butler, seconded by Mr. J. Wood-Mason. | Dr. George Watt, Hughli College, proposed by Mr. J. Wood-Mason, _ seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse. 4 W. G. Molesworth, Esq., C. E., proposed by Mr. E. Gay, seconded by Mr. J. Wood-Mason. Captain T. Deane, Adjutant Viceroy’s Body-Guard, proposed by Colonel Hyde, seconded by Captain Waterhouse. Colonel H. Drummond, R. E., proposed by Colonel Hyde, seconded by Mr. Schwendler,. Major H. A. Mallock, Government Telegraph Department, proposed by Colonel Hyde, seconded by Mr. Schwendler. The President reported that the Council recommended that the Rev. Fr. E. Lafont, Colonel D. G. Robinson and Messrs. J. O’Kinealy and V. Ball be elected members of the Physical Science Committee. ff The Secretary read the following extract from Mr. Burnell’s pamphlet on the best way of making and utilizing copies of Indian Inscriptions, ‘forwarded for the information of the Society by the Government of Madras. “The first question is, how to make the copies? Many ways have been tried: rubbings by heelball on paper, impressions on linen made by a pad daubed with printing ink, sketch drawings, photographs, etc., ete. Con- siderable experience* and a number of experiments have convinced me that * Cf. Also the remarks of Prinsep and Mill, and recently of Dr. Bhau Daji, as to the great alterations in the translations required by improved transcripts of inscriptions long known and published. The great objection to photography as a means of re-pro- ducing inscriptions consists in the imperfections of the paper used and the difficulty (or impossibility) of managing the light. 126 Mr, Burnell on Copying Inscriptions. [J UNE, all these methods are defective, and that only two ways are really trust- worthy—one applicable to inscriptions on stone, and the other to those on metal. 2. “Firstly, for inscriptions on stone, I recommend impressions on stout, unsized paper, such as is now manufactured at Paris for the use of Egyptologists. The inscription must, first of all, be quite cleared of dust, mud, or other obstructions, and this may be best done by a hard clothes- brush. The paper is then to be rapidly but uniformly wetted in a tub of water, and applied to the inscription, and forced into the irregularities by repeated and forcible strokes with ahard brush; an ordinary clothes-brush is as good as any for the purpose. If the stone be clear of dust, the paper adheres, and when dry falls off, forming (if at all well done) a perfect mould of the inscription. Paper large enough to cover most inscriptions is easily to be had ; in the case of very large ones, it is necessary to lap over the edges of the sheets, and apply a little gum and water or weak paste to them ; and also to prevent those sheets first applied from falling and thus spoiling the rest, a few poles or sticks leaning against the corners in large inscriptions, or the gum used for joiming will be found enough. When properly dried, copies made in this way (in French, “ estampages’’) may be rolled up or put in blank books without the slightest injury, and even will” stand damp. M. Mariette-Bey and Dr. Brugsch both assured me in Egypt last year that they never found this plan fail. 3. “The second process is applicable to inscriptions on plates of metal ; I devised it several years ago, and never found it fail. The plate or plates should be carefully cleaned with a dry brush, and the letters occasionally must be cleared out with a blunt graver. The native process of rubbing the plates with acid and then putting them in the fire to loosen the encrustations should never be resorted to, as it invariably injures them fatally. From the cleaned plate an impression (reverse) is to be next taken by passing a roller charged with ink over the plate, and then printing from it as from an ordinary copper plate. From this impression another may be taken by means of an ordinary copper-plate press; and, with a little practice, a perfect facsimile may be thus obtained, the letters being white and the rest of the plate appearing a dark grey. Photozincography and many other methods exist by which ‘estampages’ and facsimiles made by the last process may be multiplied to any extent.” Also a letter from the Secretary to the Government of India, Revenue Department, forwarding copies of the following circular of Her Majesty’s Com- missioners for the London International Exhibition of 1874, and enquiring whether the Society could render any assistance in furtherance of the objects. in view. | 1874] Ethnological Collections. 127 Lonpon INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1874. The Ethnology and Geography of the British Empire. 1. Her Majesty’s Commissioners have 1esolved to commence, in connection with the series of International Exhibitions, Permanent Col- lections which shall illustrate the Ethnology and Geography of the different portions of the British Dominions, and mipimanely form a great National “Museum of the Empire upon which the sun never sets. They. will be "arranged for the present in the Galleries of the Royal Albert Hall. Many | portions of the Empire are inhabited by Aboriginal Races, most of which are undergoing rapid changes, and some of which are disappearing altogether. These races are fast losing their pare characteristics and distinguishing _ i 2. The Collections would embrace Life-size and other Figures re- Ppresenting the Aboriginal Inhabitants in their Ordinary and Gala Costumes ; Models of their Dwellings; Samples of their Domestic Utensils; Idols ; Weapons of War; Boats and Canoes; Agricultural, Musical, a Maat - facturing ee riracnti and pecionenne Samples of their Industries, and / in general all objects tending to show their present Ethnological position F and state of civilisation. 3. It is proposed to receive for the Exhibition of 1874 any suitable | Collections, which will be grouped and classified hereafter in their strict _ Ethnological and Geographical relations. As, however, there is at present great public interest in the various Tribes inhabiting the West Coast of Africa, including the Ashantees, with whom this country is at war, all | objects relating to the Ashantees, Fantees, Dahomeys, Houssas and the neighbouring Tribes are especially desired. The Indian Empire, the Eastern 2 Archipelago, and the Islands of the Southern Hemisphere are also able to afford abundant and valuable materials for the proposed Museum, of which | it is believed that the nucleus can be formed at once from materials in | private Collections. 4, Her Majesty’s Commissioners confidently appeal to the Civil, } Military, and Naval Officers of the British Service throughout the Queen’s Dominions to assist them in these Collections. 5. Her Majesty’s Commissioners have secured the services of eminent gentlemen to advise them from time to time in giving effect to these in- tentions. It is requested that offers of Gifts and Loans of Objects should be made known at once to the Secretary of Her Majesty’s Commissioners, Upper Kensington Gore, London, 8. W. hy 128 T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. [ JUNE, The following papers were read : 1. On the Portuguese Settlements in India. By T. W. H, Torzort, Esq., C. 8S. (Lxtracts.) The object of the following paper is to describe the present appearance of the Portuguese Settlements in India. Points of historical interest will be chiefly considered ; social and political features will not be dwelt upon. The existing Portuguese Settlements are Daman, Dit and God. We take Daman first, as the easiest of access from Bombay. ‘The territory of Daman is intermixed with British territory and with that of Dharmapir. This intermixture is due to political events of the 1§th century. The neighbouring stations south of Daman were wrested from the Portuguese by the Marathas about the middle of that century, and from them passed at the downfall of Maratha power into our possession. On the other hand, in 1780, the territory of Daman was augmented by the detached parganah of Nagar [Haweli] Avelly which the Court of Pina ceded in in- demnification for some piratical act against a Portuguese ship. The population of the Daman territory is about 45,000, of whom 1500 are Chris- tians. A ride of five or six miles from the Daman Road Station on the Bombay and Baroda Railway takes the traveller to the port of Daman itself. The port of Daman is formed by the estuary of a small river generally known as the Daman Ganga, though I believe it also bears the name of Sandalkal. The environs of Daman on the land side are not very cleanly ; the number of pigs roaming at will, and devouring the garbage in their way, indicates the presence of a Portuguese population, There are two forts at Daman, one on each side of the estuary, each having a small town in its vicinity. The larger fort and town are on the ~ south or Bombay side; the smaller and more recent on the north or Surat — side. The visitor from the railway arrives on the north side, but as the southern fort is in every respect the more important of the two, we give it 4 precedence in our description. Its shape, though irregular, approaches that of a square, through the middle of which, north and south, runs the main street from the “ Porta do Mar” to the ‘‘ Porta da Terra.” The wall is substantially built of stone. The principal bastion, the “ Baluarte da Barra,” is at the north-west angle, commanding the entrance to the harbour. | Below it is a small supplementary outwork constructed, I believe, in 1830. — The remaining bastions are San Phelipe, San Domingo, Santiago, San Jorge, Sant Ignacio, San Sebastian (porta da terra), San Martinho, San Miguel, | San Francisco, Madre de Deos, back to the ‘ porta do mar” again. A | description of Daman, dated 1634, published as an extract in the third | volume of the “ Chronista de Tissuary” gives a list of the bastions nearly | identical with the above. From the description generally we may conclude | Me. Sot ®) Wipe a eer |e ho fe Gee ee ae ee wey ee ‘= = 7 ae —_ae = | ) | e = 1874.] T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. 129 that the outline of the two forts at the present day is quite or very nearly _ the same as it was more than two hundred years ago. Entering by the Porta do Mar, the visitor has on his left the ruins of the ancient church of the monastery of the Franciscans, distinguished by its tall tower and by its numerous tomb stones, half buried in the débris, half hidden by grass and weeds. Beyond this, still keeping to the left or east of the central road, is the ancient church of the Augustine Friars, now used asthe barracks. Further on, near the Porta da Terra, is the old monastery of the Order of St. John of God, a lay fraternity who devoted themselves to the care of the sick. The building ‘retains the character of a hospital as in earlier days. Opposite this, on the other, vz. the western side of the central road, are the Town Hall, the. Jail, and the modern Church with its attendant chapel to the Virgin. Returning on the western side, the visitor passes the ruins of the Dominican church and convent, and then those of the Jesuit establishment, the Church of St. Paul, and the Santa Casa de Misericordia, Of the Jesuit buildings mere traces are left, as their suppression took place at an earlier date than _ that of the other religious orders. In front of these ruins, facing the central road, are the Governor’s Palace and buildings appertaining to it. These of course are kept in good repair and have undergone modifications suited to modern requirements, _ The site, however, is the same as in 1684; but we find from Bocarro that at that date the Governor’s house, with the church and college of the Jesuits and some other buildings, formed a fortress within the city, surrounded by a brick wall, and that this fortress and wall had been built by the Muhamma- dans before the Portuguese conquest. Daman had twenty-seven cannon in 1634, and many, if not most of ‘these, are still on its ramparts, though the Baluarte da Barra is the only bas- tion now garrisoned. On the land side the fort is protected by a ditch, cut from the sea to ~ asmall rivulet or ndlah flowing into the Daman Ganga. This ndlah, which is almost dry during the greater part of the year, is crossed by a drawbridge. Beyond the ditch is a maidan, leading to the larger of the two native towns of Daman. Onit stand a few modern houses, belonging to Portuguese residents, and a deserted chapel, opposite which is a cross, I was told that the besiegers of Daman once came as far as this cross. Probably this tra- dition refers to the Maratha attacks in the eighteenth century, though it may have been handed down from the earlier siege by Aurangzib. For an account of the latter see Tavernier, vol. 2, page 124. We now turn back to the small fort on the north side of the harbour, all the localities hitherto described being on the south side. The small fort is dedicated to St. Jerome. Its wall is somewhat higher than that 130 T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. [JUNE, of the large fort. In shape it is an irregular quadrilateral, but there — are only three bastions, bearing the names of St. Francis Xavier, St. Ignatius, and St. Jerome himself. Bocarro writes of a bastion Santiago, but apparently this is the one now called after St. Ignatius. Imme- diately over the gateway is a statue of St. Jerome, and on the sides — are figures of two giants in bas-relief, looking like Gog and Magog, © each with a motto or couplet. There is a church in the small fort for the — convenience of the Christians on that side of the harbour. Some old can- x non are still on the bastions. I noticed one with an inscription of the time — of ‘Don Joao Cotigno, Conde do Redondo, Viceroy, 1618.” Sr. Rivara refers to one of great antiquity, called the St. Catherine, with the following inscrip- tion in Latin, “ Joanes Vte (Vicente) faciebat, gubernaéte Nuno da Cunha, b anno 1537.” H Below the walls of the small fort, outside, are several good wells. Be- yond, is the town, Portuguese and native, of Little Daman. There are numerous inscriptions in Daman of greater or less antiquity. Eighty-seven of these have been collected by Sr. Rivara in the second — volume of the Tissuary. Omitting those of minor interest, for the most part on tombstones, we give a few of the more important. Over the Porta do Mar is the following : : “Na era de 1593 sendo capitao desta cidade Do Duarte Deca, que foi - ho deradeiro que El-Rei Dom Sebastido com ela despachou, foi por ele — langada a primeira pedra neste beluarte 8. Francisco, e se fez esta porta.” Over the Palace, or Government House, is the following : 2: ‘“‘ Conquistada por Martim Affonso en 1528 a 1538.” Capitao Mor de — Mar. Indic. &c. Reconquistada en 2 de fevereiro de 1559 pelo. Vice-Rei — da India Dom Constantino de Braganga. : This inscription is modern, but occupies the place of an older Latin — one. Over the Porta da Terra is the following: % ‘‘Na era de 1581 sédo Martim Affonso de Melo capitéo desta sidade — foi por el defédida aos capitais do Gra Mogor que a tiverao de serquo, he se fez na fortificasao della parte deste Baluarte Sao Sebastidéo he se fes 4 quo- ie artinas de muro co dons baluartes de madeira, 8. D°. he S. Mart. he se fes esta porta.” On the front of the small fort are two inscriptions, that to the right ; commemorating the commencement of the fort. “ Este Forte Sao Jeronimo se comegou por ordem de Dom Jeronimo fi de Azevedo sendo Viso-Rei da India no anno de 1614, e os Administradores | da fortificagao desta cidade lhe mandardo lavrar esta pedra por agradeci- mento com suas armas abertas e emtalhadas pera perpetua memoria dos seculos vindouros.” And that to the left its completion— “ Este Forte se acabou em tempo de D, Francisco da Gama Conde Al- 1874. ] T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. 171. _ mirante sendo a segunda vez Viso-Rei da India no anno de 1627, e os Ad- _ ministradores da fortificagaéo em reconhecimento ao dito Viso-Rei em cujo _ viso-reinado se fez a mor parte deste Forte, pera defensio do qual mandou _ de Goa 4 pesas grandes de artilharia, ordenardo que nesta frontaria se ental- hassem as suas armas pera eterna memoria.” Besides these there are the -mottoes of the two giants; on the left— ‘ . Quem por aqui quizer entrar com esta mo ade pagar; and on the right— Que en he men companheiro a vigiamos sem dinheiro. The numerous epitaphs range from the year 1564 down to modern times, Leaving Daman we pass to Dit, the most interesting of all the Portu- guese settlements after Goa, but the one least known to Englishmen, as it lies so out of the way. The passage from Daman to Dit in a sailing vessel * | oe akes on an average three or four days, The island of Dia lies to the south of Kathiwér. Its length from east to west is about seven miles ; its average width from north to south searcely a mile, It is separated from the mainland by a narrow arm of the sea, the eastern access to which is easy for ships of considerable burden, while the western access is obstructed by shallows. A portion of the Por- tuguese territory, including the village of Gogola, lies on the north of the inlet, adjoining the mainland. The fortress or citadel of Did, a formidable and imposing structure, is at the extreme east, or north-east point of the island. ‘To the west of this is the town or Praca, including both the European and native quarter, and covering a considerable space of ground. This is also fortified, especially by a long wall yet further to the west, which runs right across the island. The remaining four-fifths of the island beyond this wall consist of a low sandy strip on the north and of porous rock on the south, between the ridges of which are several small plots of fertile soil where Persian wheels are 4 worked and crops are grown, and in some of which palm trees are numerous. 7 Generally, however, the vegetation, though not destitute of verdure, is limited to grass, solanaceous plants, and different species of euphorbias. A few small hamlets and some detached forts are scattered through thé island, but Did and its suburb Gogola are the only places of any importance. The fortifications are constructed of stone dug in the island, and the Praga is intersected by the numerous quarries thus excavated. The stone somewhat resembles the laterite of the Malabar coast, but is darker in colour and much stronger in substance. Three great events have made Dit memorable in the history of Portu- - guese India ; (1), the death of king Bahadur of Cambay followed by the first siege of Did in 1537-38. (The Portuguese had built the fortress in 1535.) (2), The second siege of Dia in 1546; (8), The sacking of Did by Arabs from Maskat in 1668. The two former are among the most glorious inci- 132 T. W. H. Tolbort-—Portuguese Settlements in India. [JUNE, ; dents of Portuguese history, and may be compared, say to the defence of — Arkat or to that of Lak’hnau in the history of British India. The third — event was a sad contrast to the two former and with other contemporary — disasters marked the decadence of Portuguese power. | Gaspar Correa, who wrote his History about 1561, has preserved asketch — of the fortress of Dit as it was in his days. There have of course been numerous alterations of detail since then, but essentiflly the appearance of — the fortress is much the same. | From the inscriptions it would seem that the bastions of the outer line — received their present names and form between 1630 and 1642, but the plan — dates from the time of Don Joao de Castro who, after the second siege, con- — structed a new line outside the old, to avoid the trouble and delay of clearing — away the débris of the bombardment. 7 Crossing the outer ditch by a permanent bridge and the inner one by © a drawbridge, the visitor proceeds for some distance along a causeway ; then, — turning to the right, he passes through a double gateway into the fortress. Over the gateway is a Latin inscription, commemorating the vow of King — John IV, who in his Cortes of 1646 dedicated his kingdom to the Virgin Mary, and swore to maintain the doctrine of her immaculate conception. There is a similar inscription at the entrance of most Portuguese towns, and one to the same effect, in Portuguese, may be seen in the Museum of the Bombay Asiatic Society. : The gateway and the landing pier are protected on the harbour side by a bastion, called indifferently after St. George and St. Martin. This is one of the oldest in the fortress. Itis shown in Correa’s sketch, and perhaps — | existed in some form or other in the fortress as originally constructed by _ Nuno d’ Acunha. It contains two or three very old cannon,-one of them — with the following inscription: Nonii da Cunha Presidis jussu conflatum et absolutum an, M.D. xxxiil, Reimon me fecit, This gun is called the Tiger, and 3 : bears a figure and a second inscription in accordance with its name. & The name of St. George seems to have been given to this bastion be- tween the first and the second siege of Diu, for I find no mention of it in 4 the accounts of the first siege, and it bears the following inscription as a 4 testimony to its date. Este baluarte fez Manoel de Souza de Sepulveda — i Capitao desta fortaleza, e alargou toda a cava de mar amar mais houtro tanto do que estava na Era de 1542 governando a India Martim Afonso de Souza. — This bastion is mentioned in the accounts of the second siege (1546), ; Correa speaks of it as the ‘ bastion of the gateway,’ while Freire de Andrada 4 gives it the name of St. George. The name of St. Martin was given after-_ | wards to commemorate the victory gained by D. Jodo de Castro on St, | Martin’s day, when he marched out of the fortress and put an end to the siege. There is an inscription referring to this victory over the guard- room | q i 1874, ] T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. 133 - vyéturado Samart°. porque em se v dia deshara tou o Gor D6o Jo de Crastro todo o poder de 1-Rei de Cabaia q’ tinha cere = ada esta fortaleza e no mes mo dia per forga darmas lho tomou a sua _ nobre cidade e il lha de Dio 1546. | In the centre are the arms of Castro. . Entering the body of the fortress, we find our selves in a small square vith the ruins of a church on the left, the old palace or Government-House ig and the Prison on the right, and some other Government offices in front. Bs I believe the church is that of the Misericordia, which appears to have _ served as the hospital. This was the churchin which the Portuguese heard _ mass and confessed, before marching out to attack the Muhammadans. i All these buildings bear numerous inscriptions, two on the palace, dated —<16i2 and 1647 ; two on the ruined church, dated 1542 and 1765 ; one on the ie a — t inner ds, Turning to the right and passing the palace, we reach the deuble line of bastions facing the city. Those in the outer line are named respectively _ after St. Domingo, St. Nicholas, and St. Philip; those in the inner line are called the Round Bastion, Menagem, Cavalleiro, and Santiago. Of these, _ Santiago is the only name that has come down from the second siege. It is at the end of the ditch towards the open sea. This, then called the _ Tower of Santiago, was one of the points of attack during the second siege. Below it is a chapel named after the same saint. The chapel has been re- built several times, but it occupies the same site as during the siege and appears to be of the same size and form as then. The English turned it into a godown during their occupation of Dit at the beginning of the pre- sent century. The Baluarte Cavalleiro is, as its name implies, the highest of the bastions, that on which the flag is hoisted. 'The present bastion bears date 1636. During the siege, this site was occupied by the bastion of St. Thomas, which was frequently assaulted and for some time held by . the enemy. ‘The bastion of St. John, if I understand the narratives aright, must have been somewhere between Cavalleiro and Menagem. It was blown up during the siege by a mine, which caused the death of sixty of the defenders among whom was Fernando de Castro, one of the sons of the Viceroy. _Menagem appears to occupy the place of the “ Torre do lugar da’ por- ta,” and the round bastion facing the harbour, that of the Baluarte Santia- go. This Baluarte Santiago must not be confounded with the tower of Santiago, which we have already described as near the chapel of the same name at the other extremity of the ditch towards the open sea. The above 134 T. W. H. Tolbort— Portuguese Settlements in India. (June, identification of modern and ancient bastions seems to me justified by the histories of the siege, but it may be open to correction, in some of its details. There are several inscriptions on the different bastions, but some of them seem misplaced. Several are of great antiquity ; one of 1545, before the second siege, another commemorating the reconstruction of the fortress by D. Jodo de Castro in 1547, and a third commemorating the restoration of Portuguese independence in 1641. This last is on the bastion of St. Domingos. | Leaving the city side of the fortress at the chapel of Santiago, we pass along the wall facing the open sea.. It was here that some of the besiegers entered by stealth while the attention of the besieged was called off by an assault on the bastion of St. Thomas. Beyond this are the ruins of the Cathedral, Correa’s sketch represents it with two towers and spires. The next object of interest is the bastion of St. Theresa, with an inscription to the effect that it was constructed in 1652. Below, and in front of this, is the bastion of S. Luzia with the Couraca grande or breastwork beyond it forming the extreme point of the fortress on the east. The bastion of S. Luzia was built in 1650. Near this bastion is another very old cannon, dated 1537 in the time of Nuno da Cunha. Between 8. Luzia and St. George (the bastion with which we started), are the cisterns of the King and Queen, so contrived as to collect all the rain water from the roofs and walls of buildings in the fort. This is important as there are no wells nearer than the city. We have thus completed the circuit of the fortress, but a few words must be added as to the Forte do Mar. This isa small detached fort, built on a rock in the centre of the harbour, the entry to which it commands. This fort dates from the earliest period of Portuguese occupation. During the first siege of Dia in 1538, when the enemy had a fleet as well as an army at their command, the Forte do Mar was vigorously, but unsuccessfully, attacked, the defence being aided, according to Correa, by the miraculous interposition of St. James. The oldest existing inscription in this little fort is the following ; Sends Aires Falcaéo capitao desta Fortaleza de Dio mandon acre scentar este baluarte do mar da maneira que esta na era de 1588. There is another inscription commemorating an alleged victory by Antonis Teles over the Dutch fleet in January, 1638. On the ground in front of the fortress are some interesting monuments without inscriptions ; a tall obelisk, said to mark the spot where Khwajah Zatar was killed during the second siege ; a smaller obelisk said to mark where Rimi Khan, the son and successor of Khwajah Zafar, experienced the same fate, and across said to mark the burial place of D. Fernando de Castro. Tra- dition can scarcely be trusted as to the exact signification of these monu- H 1874.] T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. 135 $ ments, but in all probability they do commemorate incidents of the second siege. It appears that the ground in front of the fortress, and also the _ interior of the fortress itself were formerly encumbered with numerous buildings which were cleared away about the beginning of the 17th century. At present, the houses of the Portuguese residents, the principal _ churches and other buildings of Kuropean construction are four or five hundred yards from the fortress, between it and the native quarter of the _ eity. The chief churches are those of St. Paul, St. Francis and St. Domin- gos. That of St. Paul—apparently the Jesuit establishment,—was founded ~ in 1601. The churches contain numerous epitaphs of deceased Governors, the oldest being that of Luis Faleao who was killed by a musket shot in 1548. This, however, was originally placed in the Church of the Miseri- cordia, within the fort. Beyond the European quarter is the native town of Diu. Then comes the great wall, which runs across the island from sea to sea, dividing the town and fortress from the rest of the island. The wall of the fortress runs from sea to sea in the same way, but its length is not more than four or five hundred yards. That of the city wall must be nearly a mile. There is a handsome gateway in the centre, the Porta do — Campo. Over this is an image of St. Ignatius. The city wall was begun by Aires Teles in 1570. It has numerous bastions and bears many inscriptions, several between 1570 and the end of the 16th century, but more of a later period, the beginning of the 18th century. Beyond the wall, though within a mile of the city, are two prominent - but deserted churches, that of Nossa Senhora de Remedios, and that of Nossa Senhora de Guia. Bidding farewell to Diu, we proceed to describe Goa itself, the famed capital of Portuguese India. The best guide to Goa is that written by the Rev. Denis L. Cottineau de Kloguen and dedicated by him to Sir John - Malcolm. It was published at Madras in 1831, and a Portuguese transla- tion has been since published at God, but copies of the work are now rare whether in English or in Portuguese. Captain Burton devoted some pages of one of his earliest works “Goa and the Blue Mountains” to an account of Goa, but this account is somewhat flippant, and gives very little anti- quarian information. The changes since Cottineau’s time are not so great as might have been expected. The buildings in Old Goa are mostly of laterite and the damage caused by each year’s monsoon must be considerable, still many of the ruins are well preserved. Three miles up the Goa river is the church of the Reis Magos. Beyond this is New Goa, or Panjim, which was an important suburb even in ancient 136 T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. [ JUNE, days, and which supplanted Goa as the capital in 1765. One of its churches, I believe that of N. S. da Conceigao, stands on an elevation over- looking the town. It appears to have been built in the beginning of the 17th century, as it contains inscriptions as early as 1654. In the principal — square is a statue of Albuquerque. This statue, now black with age, was removed to Panjim from Old Goa in the year 1810. In Pyrard’s time (1609), it stcod in front of the Church da Serra near that of da Misericordia., The figure is that of a man rather below middle height, with a long beard, his elbows stretched out, and his hands resting in front. Two very pleasant excursions may be made from Panjim, besides the visit to ruined Goa. One of these is westward to Cabo, the extreme point of the island, which commands the same view as Aguada, though from a different point. The building at Cabo was formerly a Franciscan monas- tery. It was founded in 1594, and contains several inscriptions of the 17th century. There are also paintings, one representing the death of a Princess of Portugal, and several pictures of saints. The other excursion is across Goa Island, in a south-westerly direction to Goa Velha. Goa Velha must not be confounded with the ruins of the Por- tnguese city, known to us as Old Goa, It is the site of a yet more ancient city occupied by Hindés and Muhammadans in times long prior to Portu-— ¥ guese conquest. Near Goa Velha is another interesting convent, that of N.S. de Pilar. This also belonged originally to the Franciscans, but was afterwards made over to the Carmelites. A Carmelite prior, the solitary survivor of his society, still officiates at this church. The distance from Panjim to Goa itself is about six miles. The road crosses a bridge built by the Count de Linhares in 1684, and then traverses a causeway, about two miles long, having the shore of the estuary or Rio de Goa on the left and an expanse of marshy meadow land on the right. The causeway was built in 1771. At the end of this causeway is the village or suburb of Ribandar, then that of Pannely and then Goa. Goa, however, provided wind and tide are favourable, is more easily and pleasant- . | ly reached from Panjim by water. Supposing the latter course to be adopted, the visitor will probably leave his boat in front of the principal gateway. A road leads from the landing-place through a luxuriant grove of cocoanuts to this gateway, all that remains standing of the Viceroy’s * palace, founded in the first instance by Albuquerque himself. Over the —_— gateway is a statue of Vasco da Gama, erected by his grandson in 1600. | Witain the gateway is an inscription, commemorating the enfranchisement of Portugal, and the usual inscription of John IV., dedicating the place to the Virgin, 1646. : On the left of the gateway are the Church and Convent of St. Caetan. This is one of the few churches still kept in good repair. It is a domed ; : 1874. | T. W.-H. Tolbort— Portuguese Settlements in India. 17 Es building, more in Italian than Portuguese style. It was built in the middle _ of the 17th century by the order of the Theatins. lap Behind this Church, in low ground, are the ruins of the Dominican _ Church and Monastery ; and very near these, to the south, but on an eleva- ‘% tion, are the ruined Church and Monastery of the Carmelites, The Church and College of St. Paul (the Jesuit establishment) are is shown in Cottineau’s plan just to the south of the. Carmelite Convent, but they were in ruins in his time, and now almost all traces of them seem to have disappeared. The hospital of St. Lazarus where,.says Cottineau, St. Francis Xavier generally passed the night, in order that he might help and serve the sick, was to the east of the Church of St. Paul. Behind, that is, to the east of the Dominicans and Carmelites is the Church of N. 8. dal Monte, a prominent building standing on a hill. Turning to the other side, westward from the main gateway, we come to the Cathedral, dedicated to St. Catharine, on whose day Goa was taken by Albuquerque. It was founded as the first parochical church soon after the conquest, and it became a Cathedral in 15384. According to Cottineau, it was enlarged and rebuilt in its present state in 1630. It is crowded with epitaphs, mostly of the beginning of the 17th century. Many of these =. have historical interest. I noticed one to the memory of Gasper de Leao, first archbishop of Goa, who died in 1578. This was removed to the Cathedral in 1864 from one of the other churches. In front of the Cathedral, a little to the south, is the site of the Inquisition. Behind the Cathedral and almost contiguous with it are the Monastery and Church of the Franciscans. Leaving this group of buildings and passing the ruined churches of - Misericordia, we reach what was formerly the heart of the city. A few hovels are all that now remains of the bazar, Near these is the Church of the Bom Jesus, with a spacious house adjoining it. From inscriptions in the church itself, it appears to have “been founded for the Jesuits by Mascarenhas, Captain of Cochin and _ Ormus, who died in 1593. It was consecrated by Archbishop Menezes in 1605, and the body of St. Francis Xavier, which had been originally _ deposited in the Church of St. Paul, was removed in 1624 to this church, where it still remains, transferred in 1655 from one side of the church to the other. | Over the main altar is a statue of St. Ignatius. There is another statue at the side, in silver, of Xavier himself. At the entrance of the church on the left, exposed in a glass case, is the embalmed body of Saint Paulina, with whose history I am not acquainted. Opposite the chapel in which Xavier’s body now lies, in the chapel of St. Francis of Borj ‘ja, and it was here that Xavier's body was first deposited in 1624. 138 T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. [ JUNE, The chapel at present occupied by the tomb is at one extremity of the transept. The mausoleum itself was presented by a Grand-Duke of Tuscany. It may be said to consist of three.stages besides the silver coffin on the top. The lowest stage is of jasper, ornamented. with figures of cherubs of Carrara alabaster. The second stage is also of jasper, of various colours, each of the four sides containing a bronze bas-relief, representing a scene in Xavier’s life. That on the west, 7. e., at the feet of the corpse, represents the saint baptising savages ; above it is the motto “ut vitam habeant.” The second bronze, on the side of the Church, represents Xavier preaching, and is surmounted by the motto “ Nox inimica fugat.” The third bronze, on the opposite side to this, represents Xavier fleeing from the savages of the Island of Moro and bears the motto “ Nihil horum vereor.” The fourth scene at the head of the coffin is that of Xavier’s death, and over it are the words “ Major in occasu.,”’ | Above this is the third stage, built of jasper and other stones of various colours. On this rests the ornamented silver coffin with a cross beneath a rich crimson canopy surmounted by a coronet. The last time that the coffin was opened and the body exhibited, was in 1859, The exposition previous to this was in 1782. Going westward from the Church of the Bom Jesus we come to another group of buildings, comprising the Nunnery of St. Monica, the Convent -and Church of St. John of God, the ruins of the Augustinian Church and Convent and those of the Jesuit College of St. Roc. The Nunnery was founded by Archbishop Menezes in the beginning of the 17th century. It is still habitable though out of repair; only one old nun is left. The storms of the Malabar coast have made sad havoe with the Augustinian Monastery during the past 46 years, for Cottineau, writing about 1827 describes it in admiring language. But this description no longer applies; the buildings are now in ruins, though a portion of the wall and tower is still the most prominent object in Old Goa, and attests by its loftiness the former grandeur of the fabric. Tavernier refers to a bitter dispute between the Augustinians and the Jesuits, arising from the construction by the latter of a college close to the convent of the Augustinians and much to their inconvenience. This Jesuit building must have been the college of St. Roc, the site of which is near the Augustinian convent though the building was in ruins even in Cottineau’s time. Near this, are the churches of St. Anthony and of the Rosary. We have now reached the western side of old Goa, where it joins the suburb of Pannelly. Returning by the water’s side towards the gateway, from which we started, we pass in succession the ruins of the Franciscan College of St. Bonaventure, the Arsenal, and the site of the Aljuvar or Archbishop’s prison. There are a few old cannon in the Arsenal and two 1874. ] T. W. H. Tolbort— Portuguese Settlements in India. 139 or three soldiers appear to be kept on duty there. Over a doorway is the inscription—Nos autem predicamus Christum crucifixum. | In the suburb of Pannelly is a building of some architectural preten- Sions, but apparently of less antiquity than those previously mentioned, which has served as the Archbishop’s Palace. It is now going to ruin. The Library at Goa is worth a visit. It contains a large number of volumes from the ruined and suppressed convents; though probably it does not contain all that they comprised. A great number of the books are in Spanish or Portuguese, and, as may be supposed, theological and monastic - works predominate, though the number of other books is by no means small. To this account of existing Portuguese settlements we may append a few notes regarding Bassein and Cochin, two places renowned in early Pot- tuguese History, though now held by the English. Bassein bears a general resemblance to Daman. As at Daman, one gate faces an estuary or inlet of the sea, while the other faces the land. The wall of the ancient fortress is still well preserved, and the interior contains the venerable ruins of sever- al ancient churches and monasteries. The ancient jurisdiction of Bassein (or, as the Portuguese spell it, Ba- caim) extended as far as Chaul, including Agacaim, Manora, Asserim, Tana, Bombay, Caranja and Elephanta. The bastions of the Bassein fortress are thus enumerated by Bocarro _ (A. D. 1634), Cavalleiro, N. Sa. dos Remedios, Reis Magos, Santiago, Sam Goncalo, Madre de Deos, Sam Joao, Elefante, Sam Pedro, Sam Paulo and Sam Sebastido. The number of guns is said to have been eighteen, Four convents are enumerated, viz., those of the Dominicans, the Franciscans, the Augustinians, and the Jesuits. There were two churches within the walls, ' —the Cathedral and the Misericordia,—and there were numerous churches in the suburbs. The author of the Chronista de Tissuary visited Bassein fifteen years ago and says—“ Almost the whole of the Portuguese wall there is preserved, and in the circuit of the ancient city there still remain several buildings more or less ruined. The gate on the sea side stands perfect with all its nails and ironwork, but there is a modern temple close to the entrance of this gate. In the street which leads from it, on the left, are the ruins of a church, on a stone over the door of which the following inscription is legible. “ No anno de 1601 sendo Arcebispo Primaz o Illm°. Sr. D. Frei Aleixo de Menezes e Vigarioo P*. Pedro Galvao Pereira se reformon esta Matriz.” Farther on, at the end of the street which runs along the wall, is a por- tal which appears to have been the gate of the castle or citadel; on the ground is a fallen pillar with the inscription—“ Governando o Estado da India o Vice-Rei Dom Miguel de Noronha, Conde de Linhares se fez este portal, em o qual se poz por padroeiro desta cidade a Sam Francisco Xavier. A des de maio 1631.” 140 T. W. H. Tolbort—Portuguese Settlements in India. [JUNE, Above, on the facing of the portal, and on the right of the spectator, is the following—“ Sendo Capitao desta cidade Gaspar de Mello de Miranda e ve- readores Gongalo Coelho da Silva, Pero Ferreira, e Joao Boto Machado ¢é os mais officiaes se poz neste (portal ?) a Sam Xavier que tomardo por sen patro- NOW, a: devanyrenerasash twas areeey No anno de 1631.” © In the enclosure of the ancient castle is a steam sugar-refinery, which also occupies the ancient church that used to be there, the name of which I could not discover. In the open space in front is a good temple, and at the end of the open space the convent of St. Dominic, the greater part of which is in ruins. The Church, however, is standing, though without a roof; in its principal chapel there is still the tomb of the patron, on the gospel side of the altar, but it has fallen in and the epitaph is destroyed. The church is very large, might be easily restored, and still retains the arch of the principal chapel. In front of the Refinery above referred to, there is an ancient chapel which serves as a warehouse. The Church of St. Paul, of the Jesuits, is still standing, without a roof, but with the arch of the principal chapel. In it are the following grave-stones and epitaphs: ‘‘ Sepultura de Isabel de Aguiar, Donna viuva, insigne bemfeitora deste collegio. Falleceoa 24 de Janeiro anno de 1591.” Sepultura de Dona Filipa da Fonseca, Dona viuva, insigne bemfeitora desta igreja a quem en sua vida den tudo quanto tinha. Faleceo a vinte de julho da era de 628. The fagade of the church is a rich structure with Corinthian columns, built entirely of black stone and well preserved. The greater part of the College is standing with its cloisters, &c. In another street, which runs along the wall, there is a modern English tomb, and opposite it an ancient postern, in the wall, above which is the inscription—‘‘ Reinando ho muio alto e muito poderoso Rei Dom Joam de Purtugual 3 deste nome e governando a India o Vice Rei Dom Afonso de Noronha filho do Mar- quez de Villa Real, sendo Francisco de Sa capitao desta fortaleza e cidade de Bagai, fundon este baluarte per nome Sam Sebastiam aos 22 dias do mes de fevereiro era 1554 anos.” There is a large church and convent in ruins, which appears to me to be that of the Franciscans. The principal chapel retains its arch and in the centre of its pavement are the remains of a tomb stone. “ ......... e do conselho de Sua Magestade Faleceo em 24 dagosto de 1558 e de sua molher Dona Luiza da Silva e sens erdeiros.” In the first chapel on the gospel side of the altar—“ Aqui jas Dona Francisca de Miranda, molher de Manoel de Melo Pereira, instituidora desta capella, e sua filha Dona Ines de Melo, e sen neto Luis de Melo, a qual faleceo a 10 de Novembro de 1606. In the next Chapel‘ S* de Dona Giomar Daguiar molher que foi d’Alvaro de Lemos que Deos aja. Faleceo a 4 de marco de 96. He sua he de seu filho.” 1874, | L. Schwendler— On Earth-Currents. 141 The gateway on the land side is uninjured, but without the wooden gates. At Cochin the chief relics of Portuguese dominion are, the ruined Cathedral tower, and the building now used as the Protestant Church. The Cathedral, after serving the Dutch as a warehouse, was blown up by the English in 1806. The tower which remained standing after the explo- sion, now serves as a light-house. The church in present use was originally diGieabsat to St. Antony, but formed a part of the Franciscan monastery. It has been renovated two or three times, and in the course of these changes most of the tombstones Portuguese and Dutch, with which it is crowded, have been transposed. There are also several tombstones in other parts of the town. The volume of the Chronista de Tissuary from which we have trans- lated the notes regarding Bassein gives a list of Portuguese inscriptions at _ Cochin, but they are mostly the epitaphs of private individuals. It is, however, worthy of note that the great Vasco da Gama himself was first buried in the Franciscan Church, now used by.the English, at Cochin. His body was subsequently removed to Portugal, but there is. a tradition that one of the tombstones in the church, which appears to bear the name of Gama, belonged to his original tomb. This, however, may be a mistake, as we do not find the inscription in the list given by the Chro- nista de Tissuary. 2. On EHarth-Currents. By L. SCHWENDLER, Esq. (Abstract.) Mr. Sohwatales said that the phenomenon of earth-currents seemed to be intimately connected with the earth-magnetism and its variations. He would, however, point out from the beginning that though the two phenomena, “ earth-magnetism” and “‘ earth-currents,’ were undoubtedly connected with each other, it was by no means established as yet that they were cause and effect, or, what certainly seemed to be far more probable in the present state of knowledge on the subject, parallel effects of one and the same general but entirely unknown cause. The three elements of the earth-magnetism, intensity, inclination and declination, had been quantitatively and most accurately determined in al- most all civilized parts of the world (Calcutta excepted) by the introduc- tion of Gauss’ and Weber’s well known system of magnetic measurements, and though the results obtained had been very general and satisfactory, establishing the most interesting facts of diurnal and secular periods of variation in the three magnetic elements, and had also been of direct prac- tical benefit to navigation, still the physical nature of the phenomena had 142 L. Schwendler—On Earth-Currents. [ JUNE, not been unveiled by these observations. To solve the problem it would seem that quantitative measurements of other phenomena, directly or in- directly connected with it, were required, and it was most fortunate that at least one such phenomenon not only existed but was even susceptible of accurate measurement: he meant the earth-currents. The chances of giving a true physical explanation of any phenomenon, he observed, increased in geometrical progression with the number of phenome- na directly or indirectly connected with the one to be explained, supposing that they were all susceptible of accurate measurement. In this particular case he had to deal with two such parallel phenome- na, the magnetism of the earth, quantitatively ascertained for more than 40 years past, and “ earth-currents,” sadly neglected. He said he was perfectly aware why “ earth-currents” had not been measured, and then, after mentioning the special purpose of his paper, 7. e. not to start a fresh theory of the earth-magnetism with the scanty and im- perfect material available, but to lay before the Society some more facts con- nected with its parallel phenomenon, the earth-currents inthe Telegraph lines, which had been quantitatively measured during the last six years in widely different parts of the empire, Ceylon included, he proceeded as fol- lows : “That it was well known that from time to time Telegraph lines, overland, underground and submarine, were affected by what had been called, ‘magnetic storms,’ 7. e. by very strong currents passing through the wires and overpowering entirely those used for signal- ing, with which electrical disturbances co-existed magnetic variations far exceeding the limits generally observed when no such electrical distur- bances exist, and very often accompanied in the northern (and most likely also the southern) part of the planet by vivid auroras. Now these currents observed in the Telegraph lines were ‘ earth-currents.’ “ For instance on the 10th November, 1871, and on the 4th February, 1872, earth-currents of considerable strength had been observed in all the lines throughout India, and the submarine cables terminating on its shores, These great electrical disturbances were by no means local, but existed almost simultaneously throughout the earth, shewing us a most interest- ing feature of our planet. “The fact of the secular changes of the earth-magnetism occupying such 2, long period as about 1000 years (the principal magnetic pole moving round the astronomical pole in 1000 years) pointed most probably to a cause external to the planet. If he were allowed to follow his own imagi- nation, he would say, that earth-magnetism, its diurnal and secular variations,’ aurore boreales and australes and electrical disturbances, weak or intense, in the planet, were all due to the movement of the earth and of the heavenly “187 a}: L. Schwendler—On Karth-Currents. 143 Radics generally. That the great electric convulsions observed from time to time were nothing but the Telegraph signals transmitted from far ‘ - distant regions to our planet, indicating great physical changes in the uni- verse, long before, if ever, they could be felt by the more rough instruments— . heat and gravitation—at present the only means by which we recognize our kinship with the outer world. “ Tt could be, therefore, easily perceived how important it was to investi- _ gate such a phenomenon (probably of all the most widely connected) by 4 direct measurements. 4 “ Now if such electrical disturbances only existed by fits and starts, as y was the case during magnetic storms, it would be almost hopeless to attempt a general system of measurement. This was, however, fortunately not the case, since these earth-currents, which during magnetic storms became so violent, seemed to exist permanently, only of very feeble strength, and it was on this subject that he would give some observed facts.” 2 The general outline of the rest of Mr. Schwendler’s communication will : “be best given in extracts from his paper, which will be printed in full in Part II of the Journal. a Mr. Schwendler says : “The currents observed at all hours of the day and all seasons of the “year, in every line throughout India, may be obviously due to many differ- ent causes acting separately or conjointly. These currents I have desig. 3 nated “ natural currents,” to indicate the fact of their being in the lines 5 -withoutany direct, or at least intentional, human agency. The causes which _ may produce natural currents in Telegraph lines are :— ks 1. Galvanic action between the earth plates. Polarization of the earth plates by the signalling currents. . Polarization of badly insulated points in the line. Atmospheric electricity. Thermo-electricity. Inductive capacity. Voltaic induction. Earth currents. The latter must be considered as produced by an actual difference of potentials between the two points of our planet with which the ends of a Telegraph line are in contact. | Surely if these “ earth-currents” do permanently exist, and further, if _ they are strong enough to overpower the others, which are evidently of a - much more accidental and Jess permanent nature, then a large number of quantitative observations, judiciously reduced and conveniently compiled, ' should at least show the tendency of the general law that governs them in strength and direction, leading perhaps finally to tae true explanation of the earth’s magnetism and the causes of its variations, 4 PIA Ae wb 144 L. Schwendler—On Harth-Currents. [JUNE, Such were in short my reasonings when in 1868 I was entrusted by Colonel Robinson, the Director General of Telegraphs, with the introduction of a system of testing the lines in India, and, although the practical objects of that system had nothing whatsoever to do with the solution of the problem, yet the fact that in each test measurements had to be made with positive and negative currents (for the very purpose of eliminating the influence of the natural currents) secured all the data necessary for the quantitative determination of the electromotive force in the line, to which the natural current must be considered proportional, involving only a slight additional calculation without any extra observations. To this end the necessary provisions were made and instructions issued ; and in this manner more than ~ 10,000 electromotive forces, producing the natural currents in the lines of India, have been calculated from the tests made between 1868 and 1872, and are now at our disposal ; and although the results of these numerous obser- vations have not as yet been all analyzed, or even compiled, yet in many special cases, and for limited periods, this has been done, and from these we are justified in stating the following as facts :— 1. All the lines in India are affected by natural currents. 4 2. From more than 10,000 observations it has been established that _ the prevailing flow of these currents between any pair of stations is as of a copper current from the east to the west; but which is the true direction, — or that of maximum intensity, and further whether there is only one such direction, has not been computed as yet. 3. The strength of the natural current in one and the same line is very — variable. 4, The direction of the natural current in one and the same line, © though also variable to a certain extent, is, however, far more constant than | its strength, and out of a number of observations there is generally a mark- — ed preponderance of currents flowing in the same direction. ; 5. The variation in strength and direction of the natural currents in — parallel lines of the same length, is far more uniform than might have been expected, considering the many accidental influences to which long overland lines are exposed. 6. The prevailing direction of the natural current in any line is | generally also the direction of the maximum current observed, but this is — not the case invariably. These general facts point to one probable conclusion, namely, that “ earth-currents” do permanently exist in the lines of India, though they — are often, and under certain circumstances, even much, obscured by many ~ other causes, of commensurate magnitude, but more unstable and accidental — in character, 1874.) L. Schwendler—On Earth-Currents. 145 For example, the two Railway lines between Bombay and Madras, one _ of which is very perfect in insulation, while the other is quite the reverse, _ both exhibit a copper current flowing permanently from Madras towards Bombay ; and this fact, having been ascertained from a large number of tests, extending over a considerable period, and made from both Madras and Bombay, proves that the cause is a general one with respect to time, and that the method and place of measurement do not influence the direction of the current observed. Further, as one of the wires is used for the through traffic towards Bombay, while the other is used for the through traffic to- _ wards Madras, and as both circuits are worked with copper currents, the _ natural currents, which flow in the same direction in the two wires, certainly cannot be due to the polarization of the earth-plates or of faulty places in the lines. The average electromotive force in these wires is about 4:5 Daniells, and maxima of 15 and 20 Daniells are occasionally reached. I consider it, therefore, established that “ earth-currents’” do permanent- ly exist in the lines of India, their general drift being from east to west, and that we should be now justified in establishing a special system for the purpose of observing them, according to a uniform plan and with improved - test methods,” Mr. Schwendler concluded by saying that, based on the facts above _ stated, he had proposed to the Council ofthe Asiatic Society to urge on Go- _ vernment the introduction of a system of measurement of earth-currents ; that the Council had received the proposal most warmly, and had appointed Colonel Hyde, Mr. R. S. Brough, and himself, to work out a practical _ system; and that Colonel Robinson, the Director General of Telegraphs, had intimated his kind co-operation in the matter. The reading of the following papers was postponed. Note by Colonel E. T. Dalton, C. 8. I, on a Picture representing the taking of Palamau by Daud Khan, Aurangzib’s general. | Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora. By S. Kurz, Esq. The receipt of the following communication was announced. 1, Ahom Comparative Letters, No.2. By J. M. Foster, Esq. 146 Library. [JUNE, — LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the meeting held in May last. Presentations. x*% Names of Donors in Capitals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. XXII, No 150. F. A. Abel.—Contributions to the History of Explosive Agents.—Second memoir. J. Tyndall.—Experimental Demonstrations of the Stoppage of Sound by partial Reflections in a non-homogeneous Atmosphere. J. Y. Buchanan.—On the Absorption of Carbonic Acid by Saline Solutions. THe Socrery. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. XVIII, © Wo. it: T. D. Forsyth.—Indian Government Mission to the Atalik-Ghazi. Bushell.—Notes ofa Journey outside the Great Wall of China. Phillips—Notes on Southern Mangi. — Millingen.—Notes of a Journey in Yemen. THe Socrery. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. XX XVII, Part I. H. Beverley—The Census of Bengal. THe Socrery. The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society of London, 1873, Part IV. | WM. Hy. Sawaire.—A Dinar of Salih Ebn Mirdas of Aleppo. S&S. #. Z. Poole-—On — the Coins of the Urtukis. THe Soctrery. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, Parts 1-2. be Part I. J. S. Bowerbank.—Report on a Collection of Sponges found at Ceylon by — E. W. H. Holdsworth. #. W. H. Holdsworth.—Note on the occurrence of Xenospongia patelliformis, Gray, on the Coast of Ceylon. Dr. J. HE. Gray.—Notes on Mud-Tortoises a | (Trionyx, Geoffroy), and on the Skulls of the different kinds. A. H. Garrod.—On the | Visceral Anatomy of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Ceratorhinus Sumatrensis). Surgeon- Major F. Day.—On some new or imperfectly known Fishes of India and Burma. £, Blyth.—Exhibition of, and remarks on, some Tiger Skins (Felis tigris) from India, Siam 3 and Siberia. ia| Part Il. G. E. Dobson—On Secondary Sexual Characters in the Chiroptera. W. — T. Blanford.—Notes on the Gazelles of India and Persia with Description of a new Species. H. Bruce.—A List of the collections of Diurnal Lepidoptera made by Mr. Lowe | in Borneo with Descriptions of new Species. 2. Swinkoe-—On a Scaup Duck found in 7 China. s Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. VIII, Part 6. Professor Owen.—On the Osteology of the Marsupialia. On Dinornis. THE SOCIETY. -1874.] Library. 147 a es ‘a Minutes. of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vols. 7 XXXV-VI. a Vol. XXXV. Col. Greathed.—Irrigation in Northern India. J. Milroy.—Cylin- — drical Foundations. W. T. Thornton.—State Railways of India, if ' Vol. XXXVI. J. Head.—Steam Locomotion on Common Roads. : Tue Institution. - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birmingham. i oe Meeting, July 1873, Part IT. | : Tue INgrirution. q Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. VII, i Parts 1-2. ¢ Part I. &. H. Scott.—On recent progress in Weather Knowledge. Capt. E. D. Es Lyon.—On the Mythology and Temples of India. e Tue Royat Insrrrurion. 4 _ Bullétin de la Société de Geograplie de Paris, Mars, 1874. - Tue Soctery. c, Bijdragen tot de Taal-land-en Valkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indié, _ 8rd series, Vol. VII, Parts 3-4 and Vol. VIII, Part 1. i Vol. VII. 3-4. BP. C. Cambier.—Rapport over Tidoreesch-Halmahera. Vol. VIII. 1. A. B. Cohen Stuart.—Nog iets over de opschriften van Menangkabau op Sumatra. P. A. Lewpe.—Salomon Sweers, raad van Indie, 1644. A.J. A. Gerlach.— _ Een tweetal bijdragen over het noorden van Sumatra. ~ a. ex aa | THe NETHERLANDS-INDIAN SOCIETY OF SCIENCE. cha Es _ Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- - schaften zu Berlin, 1874, Februar. Tue Roya Prusstan AcADEMY. ORT _ Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Band XXII. | Tue I. R. Zootogican AND BoTanicaL SOCIETY OF VIENNA. i Catalogus Codicum Latinorum Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis, Tom. 1, Pars IIL; Tom. II, Pars II. Toe Houneartan ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XV, Parts 1-2, 1872. Transactions of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. II, Part II, Nos. 2 and 3. THE SOCIETY. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. IX, Part IT. ~ lage ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Se THe ACADEMY. Monthly Reports of the Department of Agriculture, for 1871 and 1872, THE GovVERNMENYT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 148 Labrary. [JUNE, ! Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. XVIII. THe Smirusonran INSTITUTION. Reports of the Archeological Survey of India for 1871-72, Vol. IV. J. D. Beglar—Delhi. A. C. L. Carlleyle— Agra. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. A Supplementary Catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Sarasvati Bhanda- ram Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. THE GOVERNMENT OF BoMBay. Vital Statistics of the Bengal Presidency, Vols. 1-3. Dr. J. Bryden.—Annual returns of the European Army of the Bengal Presidency and of the Jails. Cholera Epidemics of Recent years. Age and Length of Service as affecting the Sickness and Mortality of the European Army. THe GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Report on the Police Administration of the Central Provinces for 1873. Report on the Judicial Administration (Criminal) of the Central Provinces, for 1873. THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. Meteorological Observations made at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at Simla during the years 1841—45. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Report on the Revenue Survey Operations of the Lower Provinces 1Si2-1o. 4 Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VII, Parts I-II. Part I. Dr. F. Stoliczka.—A brief account of the Geological Structure of the Hill- Ranges between the Indus Valley in Ladak and Shah-i-dula, on the Frontier of the Yarkand Territory. 7. W.H. Hughes.—Notes on the Raw Materials for Iron Smelting in the Raniganj Field. H. B. Medlicott.—Note on the Habitat in India of the Elastic Sandstone, or so-called Italocumyte. #. &. Mallet.—Geological Notes on Northern Hazaribagh. Part Il. Dr. F. Stoliczka.—Geological Notes on the Route traversed by the Yarkand Embassy from Shah-i-dula to Yarkand and Kashgar. Dr. F. Stoliczka.—Note regarding the occurrence of Jade in the Karakash Valley on the southern borders of Turkistan. H. B. Medlicott——Coal in the Garo Hills. V. Ball.—On the Discovery of a new locality for Copper in the Narbada Valley. TZ. W. H. Hughes,—Petroleum in Assam. General Report on Public Instruction in Bengal for 1872-73. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL, Report of the Chemical Examiner, Panjab, for 1873. Tue GOVERNMENT OF THE Panga’B. Asaland af C. A. Holmboe. THE AUTHOR. , Report by the Electrical Superintendent, Government Telegraph Department, for 1872-73. LL. ScCHWENDLER, Esq. 1874. ] Library. 7 149 Photozincographed Specimens of Indian Handwriting in various Ver- ~ nacular characters, collected in the Agra Dead-Letter Office by the Post- Master-General, N. W. Provinces. Capt. J. WATERHOUSE. Mahaguri-nipiter-para- As‘anchavasthaya, Kartavyakarta byer Vichara, Ba’su Ra‘JenpDRALA’LA Mirra. Aitihdsika-rahasya, Part I, by Ramadasa Sena. | THE AUTHOR. Kitébu ugul ilalsinah wallughat, by Sayyid Kardmat ’Ali, of Jaunpur. THe AUTHOR. Es Two MS. treatises in Persian. ‘On the Lawfulness of Food” and ~ “On Muharram Ceremonies” by Sayyid Karamat ’Ali. THe AUTHOR. The Christian Spectator, Vol. III, Nos. 84 and 35. Tue Eprror. Ramayana, Vol. 5, No, 3, edited by Hemachandra Bhattacharya. THE Eprror. Purchase. Worterbuch zum Rig-Veda von H. Grassman. Liefr, 3. Revue Archéologique, 1874, Fevrier et Mars, Le Comte A. de Gobineau.—Catalogue Vune collection d’intailles Asiatiques (chiefly from Persia and Mesopotamia). Revue des Deux Mondes, 1874, Mars 1-15, Avril 1. Mars1. H. 8lerzy.—Les révolutions de l’Asie Centrale. Mars 15. H. Blerzy.—Les révolutions de LTAsie Centrale. L’Afghanistan et la _ Transoxiane. Revue de Linguistique, Tome 1, fase. I-IT. Fase. I. #. Justi—Note sur les mots étrangers en Kurde. Fase. Il. Z. Adam—Grammaire Tongouse. Van Hijs.—Le pronom démonstratif ' Basque. Fase. III. Z. Adam.—Grammaire Tongouse. J. Vinson.—Le Verbe Basque. A. Hovelacque.—Morale de l’ Avesta. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1874, Nos. 1-2. No.1. Dr. Jousseawme.—Description de quelques nouvelles espéces de coquilles appartenant aux genres Murex, Cyprea et Natica. Journal des Savants, 1874, Février, Mars. Féyrier. A. De Quatrefages.—Etude sur les Todas. Mars. Barthelemy Saint Hilaire.—L’Outtarakanda. Comptes Rendus, 1874, Nos. 7-13. No.7. M. M. Dujardin, Beaumetz et Hirne——Des propriétés antifermentescibles et antiputrides des solutions d’hydrate de chloral. No. 8. WM. H, de Parville.—Sur un nouvel appareil pour enregistrer la direction des nuages. 150 Library. [Junn, No. 9.—M. H. Byasson.—De Yaction du chloral sur Valbumine. JZ. Oré.—De Vanesthésie produite chez Vhomme par les injections de chloral dans les veines (suite). Tétanus traumatique traité par les injections. Guérison. No. 10. M. A. Hatzfeld.—Note relative 4 ’emploi du sulfate de cuivre, comparé au tannate de fer, comme agent conservateur des bois. No.11. MW. H. Resal.—Note sur Vemploi des lames flexibles pour le tracé dares de courbe d’un grand diamétre. I. Berthelot.—Sur les hydrates cristallisés de Pacide sulfurique. P. Seccht.—Recherches expérimentales conduisant 4 une détermination de la température du Soleil. I. Elie de Beawmont.—Rapport, sur les travaux géodésiques relatifs 4 la nouvelle détermination de la méridienne de France, fait au nom dune Com- Mission nommée dans la séance du 16 Décembre, 1872. No. 13. MM. L. Pasteur.—Observations verbales au sujet de la communication récente de M. Alph. Guérin sur le rdle pathogénique des ferments dans les maladies chirurgicales. M. P. Bert—Recherches expérimentales sur Vinfluence que les changements dans la pression barometriques exercent sur les phénoménes de la vie. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 47, Nos. 311, 312. No. 311. J. Croll.—On Ocean-Currents.—Part III. On the Physical Cause of Ocean- currents. /. Chambers.—On the Diurnal Variations of the Wind and Barometric Pressure at Bombay. No. 312. H. Vogel.——On the Sensibility to Light of Bromide of Silver with respect to the so-called Chemically Inert Colours. Professor Challis.—A Theory of the Effects produced by Fog and Vapour in the Atmosphere on the Intensity of Sound. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1874, March and April. No. 75. March. H. B. Brady.—On a true Carboniferous Nummulite. No. 76. April. Dr. J. #. Gray.—On the Arrangements of Sponges. H. D. Cope.— The Succession of Life in North America. The American Journal of Science and Arts. 1874, February and March. February. S. P. Langley.—On the Minute Structure of the Solar Photosphere. D. Boboulieff—On the Dissipation of Electricity in Gases. March. J. Blake—On the connection between Isomorphism, Molecular Weight and Physiological Action. IM. Carey Lea.—On the Influence of Colour upon Reduction by Light. J. &. Whiteacres.—On recent Deep-sea Dredging Operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Quarterly Journal of Science, 1874, April. H. Deacon.—On the Modern Hypotheses of Atomic Matter and Luminiferous Ether. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, No, 54. FE. Haeckel.—The Gastrea theory, the Phylogenetic Classification of the Animal Kingdom and the Homology of the Germ-Lamelle. Rev. M. J. Berkeley—-Atmospheric Micrography. The Westminster Review, 1874, April. Pangenesis. The Development of Psychology. Stray Feathers, 1873-74. Conchologia Iconica, Parts 312, 313. e Stomatella, Stomatia, Gena, Solen, Adearbis, Teinostoma, Broderipia. Kuchange. The Athenzum, February and March 1874. Nature, Nos, 232-235. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF.BENGAL, FOR puLy, 1874. The monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, - the Ist instant, at 9 o’clock P. m. Col. H. Hyde, R. E., President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The receipt of the following presentations was announced— 1. From the Government of Bombay, four cases of books and maps published by the Bombay Government, and other miscellaneous works. 2. From W. B. Martin, Esq., three silver punch coins found in mak- ing a relief-work road in Madhupara, | 3. From Captain J. Waterhouse, a set of seven photozincographed plates of sketches of the Nagas, drawn by Lieutenant W. G. Woodthorpe, R. E. The following gentlemen, duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing, were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members— D. M. Gardner, Esq. (Re-elected.) Dr. J. Scully. Captain 8. H. Cowan. Captain T. B. Michell. Dr. G. Watt. W. G. Molesworth, Esq., C. E. Captain T. Deane. Col. H. Drummond, R. E. Major H. A. Mallock. The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting— Captain H. C. Marsh, 18th Bengal Cavalry, Barrackpore, proposed by Col. H. Hyde, seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann. Lieut.-Col. G. A. Searle, D. P. W., Bengal, Irrigation Branch, proposed by Captain J. Waterhouse, seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann. A. W. Chennell, Esg., Topographical Survey, proposed by Mr. J. Wood-Mason, seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse. Lieut. R. Wace, R. A., has intimated his desire to withdraw from the Society. | 152 | Death of Dr. F. Stoliczka. [Juny, The Council reported that the following stores and equipment for Deep- sea Dredging operations had been received from England. Japn sD red@ers: 56.5.6 . vow nceneseete on tinnsans stew tet t 10 Chemical apparatus, Hydrometer. The Council also announced that arrangements had been made for the Library being open on Friday mornings from 7 o’clock a, M., to suit the convenience of those members whose official duties prevented them from visiting the Library during the day-time. The President then announced to the meeting the sad intelligence of the death of Dr. F. Stoliczka, late Natural History Secretary of the Society, on the return journey from Yarkand. He said— GENTLEMEN,—With a sorrow-laden heart I rise to announce to you that which the gloom that sits upon us all, tells me is already too well known. Would that it had not been my sad task to tell you that Dr. Stoliczka, our late Secretary, has been taken from among, us—let us trust to happier and brighter worlds, surely the reward of such nobility of mind, such single- ness of heart, such honesty of purpose, such unselfish devotion of a life to his duty in this wide world, to the advancement of his fellow man, The loss cannot be his—but to us—to this Society he loved so well; to this Government he served so faithfully ; to those of all nations and languages who laboured in the same path, and among whom he was rising as one to guide and to lead, his loss is irreparable. Of the manner of his death we know nothing ; all we learn is, that he died on the other side of Leh on his return with the Expedition from Yarkand which he had joined for the purpose of investigating the geolo- gical problem of High Central Asia, a work that had for years been the dream of his life. Gentlemen, when I look round this table to his accustomed seat, when I call to recollection Dr. Stoliczka, a man among whose friends I felt it an honour to be numbered, when I call to mind all that he did for 1874.) Death of Dr. F. Stoliczka. 153 this Society and the strength he gave it, I can hardly realize the void his death has caused. The story of his bright, short life, so sadly in honour ended, is to be told, but at some other time, for my heart is full, sorrow stifles my speech, and all that I can now do is to submit my proposition thatethis Meeting adjourn in mourning as a tribute of respect for our late Secretary, Dr. Stoliczka. Mr. Medlicott said— As a member of the Asiatic Society I join in the tribute of sorrow we collectively pay to the memory of our very distinguished Natural His- tory Secretary. But I may be permitted to add, that as a member of the Geological Survey of India, I have, if possible, still greater cause to lament the untimely fate that has befallen Dr. Stoliczka. To that service his labours for the last twelve years have been chiefly devoted. As Paleonto- logist to the Geological Survey of India he had, only just before starting with the Mission to Kashgar, completed his voluminous work on the Creta- ceous Fauna of Southern India, which will be the chief monument of his great power as a naturalist. The work -he himself had most at heart, his enthusiasm for which has at last cost him his life, was the Geology of the Himalaya. Before coming to this country, he had, as a member of the Geological Survey of Austria, done good work in Alpine geology, and he was naturally tempted to carry on those studies in the greater field of the Himalaya. What we do know | of those difficult regions, is principally from his work, accomplished in the summers of 1864 and 1865. In May of last year, he had made arrangements to visit Vienna, | where no doubt he would have met with a worthy reception among men who know how to value scientific work ; but when he heard of the intended Mission to Yarkand, he eagerly volunteered to go as Geologist and Natura- list, giving up without a thought the tempting opportunity of a trip to | Europe. He did so too against the advice of some of his best friends, who knew how severely the hardships of mountain travel had told upon him on the occasion of his last visit to Tibet. These fears were alarmingly ful- ‘| filled in the dangerous attack he suffered from in crossing the passes in October last. He was able, however, to make good use of his opportunity ; and the latest letters received from himself, gave us much hope that in _ I crossing the mountains at a less trying season, he would return in safety. He wrote in great spirits, expressing his satisfaction at the observations and collections he had been able to make. Those hopes are now for ever gone; and the materials so exulted over are comparatively lost, without the informing mind of the accomplished observer who gathered them. 154 Library. | JULY, The reading of the following papers was postponed— 1. Note on a picture representing the Taking of Palamau by Daad Khan, Aurangzib’s General. By Col. E. T. Dalton, C. S. I., Commissioner of Chutia Nagpur. 2. Note on Fort Ekdalah, near Panduah, Maldah District, by HE. V. Westmacott, Esq., C. 8. | 3. Contribution towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora, By 8. Kurz, Esq. The receipt of the following communication was announced— Descriptions of nine species of Alyceeinz, from Asam and the Naga Hills. By Major H. H. Godwin-Austen F. R. G.S., F. Z. 8. The meeting was then adjourned. LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the meeting held in June last. Presentations. *.* Names of Donors in Capitals. Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, May 1874... Major BE. T. Thackeray.—Artesian boring at Ambala. Capt. A. Cunningham.—Re- view of paper on Well-Foundations. Capt. A. Cunningham.—Reduction of Barometric Readings at High Stations. W. Bull—Bull’s Fixed Clay-Cutter. Major G. P. de P. Falconnet.—Brick and Tile manufacture at Allahabad. C. H. G. Jenkinson.—Designs of Girder Bridges for Metre Railways. W. H. Price.—Kurrachee Harbour Works. THe Eprror. The Indian Antiquary, May and June, 1874. May. C. H. Kenneth.—Note on the Sects of the Vaishnavas in the Madras Presi- dency. W. F. Sinclair.—Notes on Castes in the Dekkan. Professor Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar.—The Veda in India. V.N. Narasimmizengar.—Tonsure of Hindu Widows. Capt. S. J. Mackenzie——Panchanga or Indian Almanac. Report of the Exploration of the Buddhist ruins at Jamalgarhi. June. JL. Rice-—Bhadra Bahu and Sravana Belgola. Dr. Leitner’s Buddhist Sculp- tures. MM. J. Walhouse.—Archeological notes. Dr. J. Muir.—Passages expressing reli- gious and moral sentiments from the Mahabharata. V. Ball —Visit to the Andamanese “ Home,” Port Blair, Andaman Islands. THE GOVERNMENT oF INDIA. Report on the Judicial Administration of the Central Provinces (Crimi- nal) for 1873-74. Tue CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. Purchase. Stray Feathers, Vol. I, and Nos. 1-5 of Vol. II. Pratna Kamra-Nandini, Vol. VII, No. 1. Luchange. Nature, Nos, 236-239. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For jprucust, 1874. —— &; A meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 5th instant, at 9 o'clock P. M. . Colonel H. Hyde, R. E., President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentations were laid on the table :— » 1. From O. H. Brookes, Esq., a model of a war-canoe from the Nico- bar Islands, two pig-sticking spears and three fishing spears, used by the Nicobarese. 2. From Dr. Wise, two photographs, taken. by Mr, A. Caddy, of the Rajbari Mat’h on the left bank of the river Padma, where the old city of -Sriptr stood. os A lithograph of the temple will be published in Journal, Pt. I, No. 8 for this year. 3. From Whitley Stokes, Esq., a copy of “ Ancient Laws of Ireland,” Vol. III, and a copy of “ Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish.” By H. O’Curry, Vols. I, I, III. On the motion of the President, a vote of thanks was passed to Mr. “Stokes for his frequent contributions to the Library. 4, From the Author, a copy of “L’Islamisme d’aprés le Coran,” by Mons. Garcin de Tassy. 5. From the Supdt., Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, a copy of Synopsis of G. T. Survey Results, Vol. I. Great Indus Series. The following gentlemen, duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing, were balloted for and elected ordinary members— 7 Captain H. C, Marsh. Lieut.-Col. G. A. Searle.* A, W. Chennell, Esq. ~ The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting— A. Constable, Esq., proposed by Col. F. W. Stubbs, seconded by Cap- tain J. Waterhouse. * Colonel Searle’s election has since been cancelled at his own request. £6 -) Meteor observed at the Nicobars. [Aveust, Baboo Bhuggonutty Churun Mullick, proposed by Hon’ble Maulavi — Abdul Latif Khan Bahadur, seconded by Mr. Blochmann. | R. Knight, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Government of Bengal, proposed by Captain J. Waterhouse, seconded by Mr. Blochmann. The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society— Col. D. Brown, Moulmein. K. Buck, Esq., C. S., Naini Tal. The Secretary read the following report on an extraordinary phenome- non observed at the Nicobars on the 31st May, 1874, communicated by the Home Department. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India in the Home Department (Port Blair), under date the 8th July, 1874. Read the following extract from the Report on the affairs of the settle- ment of Port Blair and the Nicobars for the month of May, 1874. “On the 31st of the month, at about 5.80 P. M., an extraordinary phe- “nomenon was observed. The sky at the time was quite clear and the “weather fine. I was out sailing in my boat, when suddenly a luminous “body darted from the heavens from north to south. When first observed, “it was like an ordinary meteor with a longtail. In its progress, it seemed “as it were to slide into two distinct meteors attached to each other by the ‘tail of the first thus * * , and then, after a further rapid pro- “ oress, 16 appeared to burst into eight parts, and disappeared from view. ‘*T have never witnessed so strange a spectacle before, and mention “the occurrence here in the hope that it may have been observed in India, “and that a more perfect account of it may be forthcoming from some — “ scientific individual.” The President remarked that the phenomenon observed was very simi- lar to a very bright meteor seen in the Panjab some time since ; it was however, very remarkable that in the present instance no report had been heard. The meteor must have been extraordinarily bright to have been visible in the afternoon in the month of May. Mr. Blochmann exhibited a bronze figure found in a compound at Pashawar, received from Col. Ruggles, X1Xth Regt., P. N. I. The figure represents a lute player. It is unfortunately too oxidised to shew details of face and dress. The Hon. E. C. Bayley, ©. 8. L, exhibited a coin of Ghiy4g ud-din A’zam Shah and made the following remarks upon it: A few days ago, I had the opportunity of examining a small “ trouvaille”’ 1874.] Hon. E. C. Bayley—On a Coin of Ghiydés ud-din A’zam Shah. 157 _ of silver coins discovered recently in the Mudhobani Subdivision of the Tirhut District. They are 36 in number and were chiefly of the Bengal king - Jalal ud-din Muhammad, though there were also coins of three other Bengal kings, Sikandar bin Ilyas, Ghiyas ud-din A’zam Shah-bin Sikandar-bin Ilyas and (one coin of) Shihdb ud-din Bayazid Shah. All these coins are of published types and, with one exception, are not remarkable. I, therefore, a propose only to trouble the meeting with a few remar ks as to that one, _ This professes to be a coin of Ghiyég ud-din A’zam Shah abovementioned, _ Now the dates given by the native writers as to this part of Bengal history ‘are very confused, indeed manifestly wrong. It is generally stated that, for example, Ghiyas ud-din died in 775, A. H., and it is said that before reigning at all, he was in rebellion against his father, who was eventually killed in resisting him. This latter part of the story is corroborated by the coins which have been found ; for we have a parallel series both of father and son which _ range over a period of no less than four years. But the earliest date with - which coins of Ghiyds ud-din are stamped, is no less than thirteen years after the alleged date of his death, or 788 A. H., and his father’s coins are found with dates ranging up to 792 A. H., after which year a regular series of the coins of Ghiyas ud-din only have been found with dates as late as 799. Itis also related by the historians that Ghiyas ud-din reigned somewhat in excess of 7 years, which would bring his latest date down to 799, or at most 800 A. H., more probably 799. It is also stated that he was succeeded first by one son Saif ud-din, who is stated to have reigned ten years,* and then by another who is recorded to have had a reign of little more than two years. Accepting these periods and fitting them to the dates obtained from the coins as al- ready noticed, the second son of Ghiyag ud-din would probably have ceased to reign in 811 or 812 A. H., probably the latter. The historians go on to say that this monarch was dethroned by an Hindé Raja of “ Bhatauriah,” ealled “ Kanis” (which is perhaps ‘‘Ganésh’’), who is said to have reigned seven years, a term which would bring his reign down to 818. Hitherto we have had numismatic information by which to test this relation only on three points, viz., the succession of the Hindu Raja by his son, who was a Muhammadan and reigned under the designation of Jalal ud- din Muhammad, of whose coins a pretty full series has been found with dates from 818 onwards.f This date would accord nearly exactly with the lengths * The Riy4z us-salatin quoted by Mr. Blochmann gives somewhat differing periods, but the total is greater ; and for this reason, and because the only published dates of Saif- ud-din’s coinage accord better with the other accounts, I prefer the latter. Stewart who knew the Riydz us-salétin seems to have rejected its authority as to this period, + His dates found in this “ trouvaille” are 818, 819, 822, 823, 824. 158 Hon. E. C. Bayley —On a Coin of Ghiyds ud-din A’zam Shah, [AvG., of the various reigns as generally stated by the historians. Mr. Blochmann, however, who has paid much attention to the subject, is inclined to assign a somewhat earlier date, vzz., 816 as that of the accession of this monarch, which would involve a correction of nearly two years in the total of about nineteen years, which the historians give to the three preceding reigns. The second piece of evidence is that of a coin of a king styling himself Shihab ud-din Bayazid Shah, which has been published by Mr. Blochmann with the dates 812 and 816. History is silent as to this king or as to any one who assumed these titles ; possibly he was a pretender, or, as Mr. Bloch- mann has suggested, he was a puppet king set up by Raja Kanis, or some other aspirant to power, who virtually reigned in his name; his dates all fall within the probable period of Raja Kanis’s authority. There is one coin, as I have said, in the present batch of Bayazid Shah, unfortunately the upper part of the last figure of the date is out of the field of the coin. The third evidence consists in the coinage of Ghiyas ud-din A’zam Shah’s elder son, Saif-ud-din, whose coins have been published by Mr. Laid- lay and by Mr. Blochmann. Only one coin published by the latter has, however, an imperfect date, but as that is a four, it can only stand for 804, AoE: The coin which I have now laid before the meeting, adds a fourth piece of evidence and professes to be, as already said, a coin of Ghiyag ud-din A’zam Shah. It differs only from the coin figured by Mr. Laidlay as Fig. VI, pl. LV, in Vol. XV of the Society’s Journal, in the date, which is remarkable, being very clearly 812. Now, though the histories of this time are demon- strably wrong in the dates they assign to Ghiyas ud-din, yet it seems un- likely that the whole of the details which they give should be erroneous ; and that his reign exceeded, by some twelve or thirteen years, the length univers- ally attributed to it, or that he should have returned to the throne after it had been certainly occupied by his son Saif ud-din, is highly improbable. I do not, therefore, believe that Ghiyas-ud-din was alive when this coin was struck ; in other words, I believe it to be a posthumous coin, struck by some one else for special reasons in the name of Ghiyas ud-din. If so, this is by no means a singular instance of the practice. There is ~ an exactly parallel example, and a contemporary one, too, to be found in the | coinage of Delhi, as may be seen from pp. 328 to 330 of Mr. Thomas’s ‘ Chro- * nicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi,’ where it is demonstrated that Daulat Khan Lodi and Khizr Khan struck coins in the name of their deceased prede- | cessors, though with the correct date of the year in which the coins were ~ minted. Mr, Thomas refers to a similar case in the adoption by the Hast | India Company of Shah ’Alam’s coinage, though ultimately the Company contented itself with reproducing the comage of Shah ’Alam’s nineteenth : year, 1874.] Hon. E. C. Bayley—On a Coin of Ghiyas ud-din A’zam Shah. 159 A more recent and more exactly corresponding example, however, is that of Khan Bahadur Khan who held the executive authority in Rohilkhand for about a year during the mutiny in 1857-58. He was not strong enough himself to assume the regal position and style, and while the Mughuls and _ the Mahrattas were both struggling, with fair chances of success, for the supreme power, he feared to offend either by acknowledging the supremacy of the other. He solved the difficulty, as Khizr Khan had done before him, by striking coins of Shah ’Alam with the proper “julis” year, as if Shah ’Alam had continued reigning down to that date, ; Probably similar motives were at work in Bengal when this coin was _ struck. The feelings of their supporters would hardly have allowed the reigning sovereigns, whoever they were, expressly to acknowledge the supre- macy of Timur and his successors. On the other hand, the dread of the Tartar invaders was evidently great, and the local sovereigns would hardly dare to put forth their pretensions to regal state so prominently as was involved by the striking of coins in their own names. How strong this feeling of dread was even in Bengal, and down to a much later date, is shown by very curious evidence. A successor of Jalal- ud-din Muhammad having been hardly pressed by the ruling king of Jaunptr applied for his interference to Shahrukh, the son of Timur, then reigning at Hirat, who in reply sent a peremptory order to the king of Jaunptr to desist from all interference with the affairs of Bengal. It is recorded that, as a fact, this interference did subsequently cease, and the Bengal king in gratitude sent an embassy with presents to Shahrukh, who again des- patched a return embassy, a fact to which we owe one of the best books of that period, the Matla’ us-Sa’dain, which was written by Shahrukh’s ambas- sador as a record of the observations made, and information collected, by him during his visit to India. It may be feared, therefore, that with the possible exception of the coins of some obscure pretender, little information further than that we have al- ready, is likely to be gathered from numismatic sources for the adjustment of the confused period of history occurring between Ghiyas ud-din’s death and the accession of Jalal ud-din Muhammad. No coins of Raja Kanis or Ganesh have yet been found (unless indeed he himself assumed the title Bayazid Shah, a supposition hardly consistent with the historical accounts of his reign), and it seems improbable, since his reign was one of fair length and prosperity, that, if these existed, some would not have come to light with the coins of both earlier and later kings, which have been found in consider- able numbers. - -It is, I think, a fair conjecture that Saif ud-din desisted from coining on some threat from Timur (if the date on the coin quoted by Mr. Blochmann is correct, he must have continued coining in his own name long after the 160 Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. [Avaust, sack of Dilhi), or that on his death his successor, none of whose coins have been found, hesitated to set up a mintage of his own and adopted the harmless course of coining in the name of his deceased predecessor. At any rate, Raja Kanis, or Ganesh, probably followed this policy, and to him or to Ghiyag-ud din’s second son must probably be ascribed the coin now before our Society. Mr. Blochmann laid before the meeting his translations and notes to the following readings of inscriptions received from Mr. T. W. Beale, Agrah. A’grah. i The following inscription* is from the shrine of Shaikh ’Ala- uddin Majztb, who died in A. H. 953, or A. D. 1546, during the reign of Islam Shah. His shrine is in the Nai kf Mandi, Agrah; it has a small dome with Arabic Inscriptions inside the gumbuz, and is supported by eight stone-pillars, on one of which is the following (metre, short hazaj)— . were ceghho ty, BES 955 % Ober, d 9 GydE? Cxodisile wp Se Soro) doh 95 <5) 95> ‘ eure hac 3 wt! XO aSlis : wyb5*” oro ile (inf oy> * cesta, ee awh oe risk yo qor 1. ’Al4-uddin Majzub (ze. the attracted, viz. by God), the wise, through whom desired objects are fulfilled, 2. Vanished suddenly from the eyes of men, as a ray disappears out of sight. 3. LI asked what the date of his death was, and Genius replied ‘ Alauddin i Majzib.’ There are several tombs in the compound of the Dargah ; for the soil in which a saint reposes, is holy. Among the tombs may be seen those of Hakims Baga Khan and Liga Khan, who diedin A. H. 1207 and 1215, respectively (A. D. 1792-93 and 1800). ° Regarding ’Ala uddin himself, vide Miftah ut-tawarikh, p. 155; Kha- zinat ul-Acfid, p. 1056; Badaoni III, p. 61; Keene’s Agra Guide, p. 47 ; and the Akhbar ul-Akhyar, Ala uddin’s contemporary was Mir Rafi’uddin Muhaddigi afawi. His shrine has a dome supported by twelve pillars, and is situ- ated in the Haweli of Acaf Jah (Ja’far Beg, vide Ain Translation, I, p. 411), in Belanganj (Bluntganj), near the Bans Darwazah, Agrah. The place where Raft’ uddin is buried, is also called Chauk Acaf Jah; and it thus appears that the Chauk was built round about the shrine, Rafi’ uddin’s Mausoleum bears no inscription. ¢ * A reading of this inscription has also been received from Mr. E, Atkinson, C. S., N.Wa 2 | 4 1874.] Blochmann— On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. 161 2. 4 The following ig the inscription of a tombstone in the vicinity of B ‘Alamganj, Agrah. = rw ghd o> 425? { 149 Kaus >) loo panes wh lis “ a aad tt | The pardoned Tatar Khan Joined God’s mercy on the 6th Rajab, 1019 (14th October, 1610). This refers neither to Tatar Khan of Akbar’s reign, nor to Tatar Khan Bakawulbeg of Jahangir’s time. 3. 7 On a tombstone in the Muhammadan Burial Ground, west of the Nai _ ki Mandi is the following (metre, short hazaj)— 80959 pd WS Sly els AF « AR gt Spe St nymdl slp Bde de (ogy Hedy yo x wold Gwo jf wos gs lone Eiwe ey” x , 1. A thousand times alas! on Abul Fath’ s death, the sting of which has given me a world of pain. ‘> 2. In the garden of Paradise the door of God’s mercy opened itself to him, because 3. When his eye closed, a voice from heaven told me that the date of his death _ lay in the words ‘ Mazlim bidah, ‘he was a martyr.” 16th Muharram, 1033 [29th October, 1623]. 4, 3 A short distance from Agrah, on the road to Bhartpur, is a small e pbuilding adjoining a mosque. The place is commonly called Sarai Nabi. _ Khan. The mosque was built by Khidmat Khan in 1037, or A. D. 1627-28, and bears the following inscription (ubd’é metre) — 5) wlel& wy yls cc wily oS e hy wl Adm iss 34) tty) bwlors &ild AY ye) olT Ss wA0s rose” gly é yb trv : 1. Heaven favored Khidmat Khan, who obtained as a right the liberality of the court servants (?). 2. Genius expressed the date when his mosque was built (in the words), ‘ He built ' ahouse for God.’ A. H. 1087. In the adjoining small building ‘a foot-print of the Prophet,’ Qadam Basil, was shewn. Over its entrance, the following inscription is found (Rub@’i metre)— 162 Blochmann—On Mr, Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions, [Ave@ust, | & ala oy cant, rr? Shyad a ey! oye! Jat & slo ly Sy aly Dard} yd wrmilo, © -* wy old PdS 2) : (ey te toes Cet Ls J» Ae pee cys {oo by gy won 9) yoy bd Oty elaiy 5 x 8T os 9 eyo ores URS we {ie * Tn the Persian verse the J of dil is to be doubled ob metrum—a rare case. + Vide also Sprenger, Catalogue, p. 456. ry | 1874] Blochmann—On Jr. Beale’s A'grah Inscriptions. a k64 1. Iam not sorry that my Mir has left this perishable world for Paradise. 9. Praise be to God that he acquired true knowledge; hence do not believe that he left the world in vain. eg 3. In searching for the date of his death, the wailing cry of my heart rose up to heaven, be 4, And my heart said in sorrow and with many an alas, ‘A saint, the pole of the period, has left the world.’ A. H. 1035. oy SLE & hoe wWEalyd 5S a ust y gle eahe Bo éiL03 a ds) aE Lis Kod ys SST AU one 40 iS pubsle {9 Som OS) d938[0} ae 4S gly wlo> doe % Urls, eyo y dye Jty~ seis ils SA a 1. The Shaikh of the age, the focus of the rays of eternity, who is unrivalled among the saints of the Chishti order, ‘ 2, The ocean of liberality, the mine of generosity, the pole of the period, is Mir _ *Abdullah, who stood unsurpassed in all sciences. 3. Kashfi [his son] asked for the date of his departure, and answered his own question by saying, “ He was the Shaikh of the age” A. H. 1035. ian On the outside of the mosque is the following inscription (metre, | Khafif)— Or%y) Od Cps GE Grit OF 9 GY Gla Gy—sy »—w Lois | OLD gd 9 Ko eel ly Crd * wha G4 9 39) &d9) Ee a8 '~ o,(—> kay) we wile » UB p— A y'S0 Cyt! ole Jb i i ot iad) S 1. OKashfi, place thy head upon His threshold ; for none returns hopeless from His door. 2. Day and night, the heavenly sphere with the stars, the moon, and the sun, re- -volve about this mausoleum. fs 8. The date of the completion of this noble structure was expressed by a voice from heaven in the words ‘the everlasting Mausoleum.’ A. H. 1035. 7 6. . In Mahallah Hathidpol, Xgrah, there is a mosque built in 1068 A. H., or 1657-58, by Khan Daurd4n Nucrat Kh4n, the son of Khan ~ Daurdn Nuerat-jang. The father, who at the time of his death was the first noble of Shahjahan’s court, was murdered near Lahor on the 8th Jumada I, 1055, or 22nd June, 1645, by a Kashmir Brahman boy, whom Khan Dauran had converted to Islam and put among his servants. Khan Dauran’s name was Khwajah Cabir; he was the son of Khwajah _ Hicari Naqshbandi, who held a mangab during Jahangir’s reign. a The Mgdsir ul-Umard has a lengthy biographical note on Khan ~Dauran, at the end of which the following passage occurs : 164 Blochmann— On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. [Auaust, “Shahjahan gave each of his sons more than the will of the father provided, and yet 60 lak’hs of rupees escheated to the Imperial treasury. Khan Dauran’s ancestors being buried in Gwaliar, he, too, was buried there. Khan Dauran was single-minded and zealous in the service of the emperor, and not avaricious. He devoted three watches of the day and one watch of the night to government. is private affairs were looked after by Mir Sayyid Imama, who treated the tenants with unusual harshness. On the day when the news of Khan Dauran’s death reached Burhanp tr, neither sweetmeats nor sugar were left in the shops; for all people distributed sweets as a thankoffering. Most of the best buildings of Burhanptr* were erected during Khan Dauran’s governorship. Thus Zainabad on the Tapti was built by him; he also erected the sarais between Saronj and Burhanptr. His sons Sayyid Muhammad and Sayyid Mahmud were made Commanders of One Thousand ; and the youngest son, Abd ul-Ghani, though only twelve years old, received a mangab of 500. The second son, Sayyid Mahmud, received the title of Nugrat Khan, and afterwards that of Khan Dauran. In the first year of Aurang- zib’s reign, he held Allahabad, and was in the second year appointed governor of Orisa, where he died in 1078 [A. D. 1667-68]. It is he who built the mosque in Hathiapol, Agrah. Mr. Beale ~ reads one of the two inscriptions} on it as follows (metre, mutagarib)— wl 239, cla,.,so9 Wk by pARS came gf 2415 Ol ee eS ee ie a eS er 2F toTA 1. During the reign of the emperor Shahjahan, the mosque was built...... (?) 2. By the young and noble and fortunate Nugrat Khan, sonofthe Khan Dauran. 3. When I searched for its date, Genius promptly said, “In this place dwell grace and security.’ A. H, 1068 [A. D. 1657-58]. i. In the same place there is another mosque, which has the following inscription on a marble slab (metre, short hazaj)— * The Central Provinces Gazetteer contains no allusion to Khan Dauran sub voce Burhénpar. Vide also article Zainabad. The remark in the Gazetteer (p. 128, 1. 11) that Shahnawaz Khan lived the life of a recluse at Burhanptr is unhistorical ; for Shahnawaz died of excessive wine drinking. + I do not give the second inscription, as Mr. Beale could not obtain a metrical reading. 1874.] Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. 165 el Ly plé 9 PS dy HOS « Jos 55 pelle xl% yoo elas} wis! co las Lins Oss * 99'S j_slle OE sf onSom fear 1. During the reign of Shah "Alamgir, through whose justice the name of heresy and oppression vanished from the world, 2. This lofty mosque arose through Kafir, and Genius said, ‘ The lustre of the eye of Islam.’ A. H. 1083 [A. D. 1672-73]. : 8. The Aghar Khdén Inscription. | The following interesting inscription is engraved on a stone at the head of the tomb of Nawab Aghar Khan (I.) in Kachpura, Agrah, close to Sardi Khwajah. The tomb was erected by Nawab Aghav’s son, seventeen years after the death of his father. Aghar is the name of a tribe of Turkmans,* and Aghar Khan seems to have entered service during Shahjahan’s reign. In the first year of Aurangzib’s reign, he accompanied Shaikh Mir and Qaf-shikan Khan who pursued Dara Shikoh to the Indus, and was appointed Faujdar of Bhakkar. Soon after, he served in Bengal and Asim (Journal, A. S. Society, Bengal, 1872, Pt. I, p. 68). Later, we find him in Kabul, where as Faujdar of Jalalabad he had repeatedly to suppress disturbances (A. H. 1085 and 1086). He especially distinguished himself in a battle fought near Lamghan, where, according to Khafi Khan, he punished the Afghans so severely, that he and his Mughul soldiers were feared. throughout Kabul, and mothers used to frighten their children with Aghar Khan’s name. No less than 1700 heads were sent as trophies to court. The battle of Lamghan itself was celebrated in a poem called the Agharnamah. Khafi Khan gives extracts from the epic (Khafi Khan, II, p. 244). Near Nang Nihar, Aghar Khan also built a fort, to which he gave the name of Agharabad. In 1102, or A. D. 1690-91, he was recalled from Kabul, and was killed in the same year by the Jats near Agrah. The inscription, though in several places illegible, gives full particulars, and also shews how insecure the roads then were. wls wlio}, wteled} dal Wy pre cy = 5 999 WASY g 152 Ks flrs past * The word yt Aghar is frequently written in MSS. el without madd; and the editors of our Indian histories generally read 551, azz, instead of Aghar. Thus in the Society’s edition of the ’Alamgirnamah. The same work mentions also frequently a villa near Dilhi, where Aurangzib often resided, of the name of A’azzabad (ol5<1). I cannot say whether this, too, is a mistake for ob eF A’charabad. 166 Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. [Aveust, - dA59, Aa sooo dials Poy pheds joy 9d = Oaeey gtrle Cole yy Bod dilyy 547720 155 SOs cll Cro Stree Uyye - oy? 32S shut Say? erylds l='T Las cE bows AR gee 1) L8F WTesleds sage) Coty oo? Udlaryed! Ove Eta Crys isle bF ww yl “6.3 10 &ialy ths Sooo! els ly edlot wir - olive 9 ere ly 9 552 SM 399 # Salas oiprd wold ody ty ad Alf BayS HG eel glove BOso75 GrblE” yay £39 wlhs! af x0 sduy US ge SAL Bojpt gy OOK # Vt SS shy) gd badwas bol Cole b oo wil tcrmabst dy) SERS cel ctory® geo AF sy hyo Lela whet Gui! wold gut wks jt lazy y fey) cil claiy rs) EVN % why Co pe ele (gars dd lo wre eat (8) oA 29.9 8 39 le pile glo JY e Ga sh Ose foad OT oa” coty? 5 wit ods cle*of p31 an AY) ly Wn9) % Je op OAs ececese fdno 3 bh, weg 5} By Wa L 9 ase Soy 9d # wks Lo 53 sy fy loses aon J kus E23 noo SLES In the year 1102 A. H. [A. D. 1600-91], the late Nawab Aghar Khéa4n left Kabul by order of the emperor for Hindistan. When he arrived at Sarai Jajyii, he heard that, two days before, a caravan of pilgrims for Makkah had been plundered by the in- fidels there, who had taken the pilgrims prisoners. As he had always devoted his energy to the strengthening of the faith of the Prince of the Prophets, he mounted, and attacked the villages of the robbers, burning their houses and sending many infidels to hell. He also set the Muhammadan prisoners free. Having thus engaged in a war with infidels, he sought to obtain the highest rank that religion can bestow, and sweetened his palate with the honey of martyrdom. And in the year 1119 A. H. [A. D. 1707], Didah Mughul, who is contemptible in every way and had received the same title as his father had, erected this stone as a monument and wrote the inscription with his own hand. The date of [my father’s] martyrdom will be foundin the following verses by Mir Huwaida of Balkh— 1. The revolving heaven put on us the mark of sorrow. Oh, how perishable is life here below! Alas, how miserable is the world! 2. For the sake of the Prophet did this enthusiastic martyr of the road of God,..... ; [ unclear | ree [unclear] the lion-hearted and brave leave us behind with hundred of sorrows. 4. Genius told me the date when the martyrs died and said, ‘Remove the letters jim and be from ‘ Bagh i Jahan,’ ‘the garden of Paradise’ [= 1107—5, or 1102 A. H.]. He was killed during the reign of Shah "Alamgir Padishah, whose eldest son, Shah ?Xlam, now sits on the throne of Hindistan. e It is curious that neither the Madasiri’Alamgiri, nor the Tazkirah i Salatin i Chaghta, mentions Aghar Khan’s death; but Khafi Khan (II, p. 394) gives the following details. ‘When Aghar Khan came near 1874.) Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Agrah. Inscriptions. 167 Agrah, he heard that some Jats had attacked a caravan and plundered ‘some waggons in its rear, which they carried off together with the women in them. Aghar Khan pursued them, came upon their fort, set — _ the women free, and sent them off, thus saving the honor of their husbands. But his zeal impelled him to go further, and he surrounded the Garh and besieged it. But he was struck by a bullet, and his son-in-law was also killed. Some time before, Khan Jahan Bahddyr Kokultaésh had been - ordered to punish the Jats; and although he did ‘everything in his power in trying to destroy Garhi, Sasani,(?) and other places of these infidels, -the result did not correspond to his wishes. Hence his Majesty ordered _ Prince Muhammad Bedarbakht to root out the Jats. Khan Jahan Bahadur _ was sent as governor to Bengal; but before he had reached Bengal, he was _ deposed and sent to Lahor, and from there he was sent to other provinces, and was thus kept for three or four years running from one province to an- ‘other. Wherever he went to, he did not enjoy the income of his jagir, and the whole revenue went into the treasury. At last, he was calléd back to court. : ‘About this time the order was given [by Aurangzib] that Hindds ' without permission should not travel by palki or ride on Arab or Iraqi _ horses.’ Y Aghar Khan’s son, Mughul Didah,* received the title of his father, Rand is known as Nawab Aghar Khan II. He was still alive in 1183 | (Khafi Khan, II, 936.) j 9. The following inscription (metre, Muzdrz’) is taken from the tomb- stone of one Agha ’Ali at the foot of the rampart of the Fort of Agrah, close to the Amr Singh gate and the stone horse. 3, BOARS SyS & Sle wy j pcln % dpe isle lsT o& Spd} yy OF foys wags wry? atagad 3s! cls (eyo * ops 5) acca aps + AJ Dx aay er 1499 Sdvo ol goles 1. Alas! Ned *Ali died a martyr in the fight. The cup fell from the hand of i, the cupbearer who drew from the nectar of paradise. | 2. When I asked for the date of his death, Genius said, ‘His mansion is for ever in the highest paradise. 2nd Jumada IJ, 1199. [2nd April, 1785. ] 3 10. The Walter Reinhardt (Samra or Sombre) Lnseriptions. The following Quatrain is found on the gate ofa garden laid out by the “notorious Walter Reinhardt Samri, in the vicinity of Shahganj in _ Agrah. ; * T, e. either Mughul-eyed, or one who has a ‘single’ eye, because mughul means ‘ _ simple, single-minded, 168 Blochmann—On Ur. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. — [Avaust, amg dcigd alls gles at St ae mega gd SS Krom wyee whit oF cl amsgree BU AS ERT mB temas @ Ly uy! -—y8 Slaw SB trys e tv 49 Shoo , 1. This isa garden in which many beds of flowers spontaneously grow, and their fragrance perfumes the world. 2. We were thinking of the date when the garden was laid out, when one who had the spirit of Jesus said, ‘It is Samrwt’s garden” Anno 1769. Samri’s tomb is in the Roman Catholic Burial ground at Agrah. The tomb is under a small dome and has the following inscription (metre, long Ramal)— aby pee GUT yo by GUT Signe x CB pm gha) Fo SprwyToamley pene enyd rings gb JS ws92 Sl 0 Peden Us 53 [dw 0.5 Syd rst) e) le @ SVVA 1. The death of Samra Sahib, the chief of excellent character, burnt the heart of the land in the fire of regret.* 2. A morning zephyr said that the date of his death, counting from the heavenly visit of the Messiah, lies in the words, ‘ the perfume of the rose of the garden of Paradise.’ A. D. 1778. ir. In the same place inside the dome fixed in the wall is the following: Cpedmnd yd eats 1) gged aS (,wo8Qs0 Estey! PPB) 0 bafyd rig Sdv0 Lett oS shoal 12a) way diy of y oo by KR 5 O99 AS malo Wor> 9 WARE 100 % UgwhE Wo ypar tg) St Boils g Oneme y N54 Siw yg Here lies Khw4jah Martinas, the Armenian, the Christian, who called himself the servant of Christ. As he was benevolent, he gave all he had tothe poor in consequence of a vow made to Christ. A. D. 1611. 12. Close to the Amr Singh gate and the stone horse under the rampart of the Agrah fort stands a tomb built like a tower. The following inscription is on it— Sacred to the memory of Sitdérah Begam, the faithful aud affectionate Sriend and companion of Lieut. Sharp, who died on ioe 3rd Dec. 1804, And below it eee Mujtass)— ‘ ow Se ike 4 y ee Sar? ” rer} y gane KS gun Rv0 Shree cst! % slave ols EASQI KA) 0 Ula * Literally, ‘roasted the heart of the horizon in the fire of regret.’ Mr. Beale’s i reading has 9, Shamra, not Samra. ~ Mugaddast. Perhaps ‘a Christian.’ a= taal aig eats 5 hin. SE eS ja 1874.) Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. 169 a eee 3b swe els § Low * 28 & 2 Cp Vlgomae Laila en (Ae ye aes 1. Fate gave Sitarah Begam the cup of death to drink, “‘ of which all who are in this perishable world have to taste” [Qoran]. 2. Lieutenant Sharp, of high rank, the i. ait loved this beautiful beloved from his soul. 3. He was much afflicted by her death, and built a tower in memory of the beloved. 4. A voice from heaven, inspired by the Messiah, said, “The date of her death lies in the words ‘ The star (sitdrah) of beauty’s heaven has set.’ ” A. D, 1804. 13. Colonel J. Hessing’s Tomb. Col. Hessing’s tomb in the Roman Catholic Burial ground, Agrah, is of white marble. He died a few months before the capture of Agrah by Lord Lake. The following inscription, on a slab of slate, is fixed over the tomb. Sacred to the memory of John William Hessing Late Colonel in the service of Maharajah Dowlut Rao Sindiah Who after sustaining a lingering and very painful illness For many years with a true Christian fortitude and resignation Departed this life 21st July 1803 Aged 55 years 11 months and 5 days. As a tribute of their affection and regard This Monument is erected to his beloved Memory By his disconsolate widow Ann Hessing And his afflicted sons and daughters, George William Hessing, Thomas William Hessing, and Magdalen Sutherland He was a Native of Utrecht in Holland And came out to Ceylon in the Military Service Of the Dutch E. I. Company in the year 1752 And was present at the taking of Candy by their troops Five years afterwards he returned to Holland And came out again to India in the year 1765 And served under the Nizam of the Deccan In the year 1784 he entered into-the service of Madarow Sindiah And was engaged in the several Battles That led to the aggrandizement of that Chief, And wherein he signalized himself so by his Bravery As to gain the esteem and approbation of his employer More particularly at the battle of Bhondagown _ Near Agra in the year 1787 Which took place between this chief 170 Blochmann—On Mr, Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. [Auausr, - And Nawaub Ishmael Beg When he then a Captain was severely wounded On the death of Madarow Sindiah in 1793 He continued under his successor Dowlut Rao Sindiah And in 1798 he attained to the Rank of Colonel And immediately after to the Command Of Fort and City of Agra, And which he held to his death. PHILLIP Hunt, sept. Calcutta. Over the entrance is the following ¢arvkh in Persian (metre, Muzdari’ é Akhrab)— esiloe Gt glo Oe aly oped clay & Ls} Ure Krmad arly ula ais csdlyat USS jf Oy gal Ob yy x Cady WT HOA HAND o99 CIS sFUye Sz det payF Rhy phe a came cayenne Ibo} [ey Sly jyrg { Ao/* Koo 1. When Colonel John William Hessing departed from this world, ) he left many sorrowing for his absence. | 2. By race he was from Holland and was born in that country. In India he became through the kindness of the Almighty famous. 3. The poet asked the inspiring genius of the unseen world to favour him with a | tartkh, which was to contain the year, the month, and the day. 4. When he searched for a date according to the Christian era, the inspiring genius | said, ‘ The date is the 21st July [1803].’ 14. Going towards Fathptr Sikri from Agrah, we meet on the way, near — the village of Suchitia, commonly called Bhondagaon, the mausoleum of one _ "Abdurrahman Sultani, who it appears was killed in Zil- Hijjah, 7 988 A. H., or January, 1581, A. D., during the reign of Akbar, in a battle ; fought with the Rana at Konbhalner, | Nothing else seems to be known of ’Abdurrahmfn. I have not found — his name in the Akbarnamah. The Persian verses on his tomb, however, : are superior to similar productions. There are three poems (metres Khafif, Mutagarib, and Rubd’t metre, respectively), as follows :— mist oes It LE amd ». mdf yak Sindend por” as #9)! & IS) o> we)! af rm dy ola aD) K— 4D Cy obT os oe ty ure ey cempilbaln GlbS ty sf ST & 9h) Atay 95 Gary one wn bebe re ty gt Samy ge Sr] us? why by Kia 1874. | Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s A'grah Inscriptions. 171 Wamails pls BF Cohyaw Cyd) # rdbodeade gl pwergls? le Srmphless SNA 93) tla 65 @ o9> &iy LySa2 é? wtf aaa Wrmngibind ey Salad osteo 6 0 Gs &_ilé, wl ee yo mid Oi tye ts ei Le & Odrys as 3% 95! ne an 1. Alas, how faithless is fate! It always throws the doings of mankind into confusion. 2. Fate has made the heart of no man happy; with all men it dwells in the place of desolation. 3. “Abdurrahman, a lion in war, who had the title of Sultanf, 4. Engaged in battle the infidels of the western districts, because he had a heart that feels for Islam. 5. According to the decree of fate, he has now become a martyr; there is no help for it, for it is the will of the Almighty. 6. When he left the caravanserai of this perishable world, he made room for him-~ self in a retired spot of Paradise. 7. Woe to the endless victory of generosity, that such a man should now be hidden by the earth, 8. And that in the loss of this man, who was unrivalled in the world, success should be mingled with so much affliction ! 9. If all Indiaand Khurasan weep day and night in sorrow over him, it is no wonder ; . 10. Nor is it strange that he fell a martyr on the Feast of Sacrifice ; for the ram is made to be sacrificed. 11. When my heart asked him for a ¢arikh, him who excels in speech, 12. He gave me as answer to my question the words ‘’ Abdurrahman is the martyr of God’ A. H. 988. go—& Qa wis Colts 3 # Ode f) GES hm pads 3 xe isto} es Urle 6S » dae at whys wet re oy!ov Boh Us wold by of so # ORG ot 3! eo oe Sia Bod Leys wlosee St gy # af SxS? 5 90 9 89 Wl? BS Ly 4 wo 39 pb 38 # py ry So se) ULISL 52 BOR WB yf Seam Gd x Sadly GRE WLyF slo sa8 sow lay 00 Leia jy le & » ra) Br gy) Wher) gf OX 172 Blochmann— On Mi. Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. [ AveusT, | 1. Through God’s will he became at last a martyr, and left the perishable world for the life to come. a 2. Being a martyr, he does not grieve for this world; for he has obtained a place in the highest paradise. Ea 3. And because it was his wish to become a martyr, Genius said, “For the sake — of a tdrtkh ¥ 4. Take twelve from the words “one of the martyrs* killed by the Ra’na.” 5. He fought with the infidels for the sake of religion, and thus gained a good - | name in religion and on earth. bl 6. This event took place in the month of the Sacrifice [Zil Hijj], on the night of preceding Friday did it happen. 5 i 7. God in His mercy has been good to him, and a place has been prepared for him in Paradise. 4 He brought no stock besides his hopes. O God, in Thy mercy, do not render him # hopeless ! 3 dS lesihas 29 9 5 ai als Pm Oi itd bent pw Ero Jowl « Oe psig? $,) ls Obs) ge Joraron ly gty af S* ynd Be wiles ess! 15> oe! 3 # ya ddai yy &F yycld Este at od sil peiaey p SulE jw oped ybbwog Ams ole lgia OS ily OS (yo Jf Oss » Las et Ay) lye = Waa bt: o ep ri és wie 5 Ly) ea Uy ih hay BIO) ESwmd 9 % dd CE sted oe W 3 20 « SUAS VToBlosld 5 5e edab 1. He was a man whose heart entered this perishable caravanserai, but left it again : | without feelings of regret. Bi 2. Manya date palm there is that produces pleasant fruit, and yet the wind of | destruction scatters its leaves. | * This tartkh is unclear. | Instead of Rana (Lj) ) the verse has Ls >) rand, ‘a soft and silly woman.’ Mr. Beale . says that Akbar gave the Rana of Udaipar this nickname. Ra’na occurs also as the name of towns; thus Bagrah is often called ‘ Al-Ra’na,’ Narnaul (N. W. of Agrah), iy The Rand alluded to is Rana Partab, generally called Rana Kiké, whom Man Singtl es had in 984 defeated in the pe battle of Gogandah, N. W. of Udaipur. In ge Shah- “A a north of Mumenlak: from the Date and in 988, Shahbaz Khén was again sent to : q Ajmir. “In consequence of his zeal and activity, Rand Partéb wandered about on the 4 field of destruction, looking upon every morning as his last day. Many rebels were killed — and their property was destroyed; and when the district was cleared, garrisons were distributed over it.” Akbarndmah, III, 283. Vide also Dowson, V, 419. 1874. ] Blochmann—On My Beale’s Agrah Inscriptions. 173 3. He was the famous hero, who at Konbalner* waged a religious war by God’s order. _ 4, At the time of the war, inasmuch as he planned stratagems (dastdn), he became through his fame a second Rustam.t 5a 5. ‘To fight the infidels was his intention, and the date of his death was “ Abdurrah- * man is the martyr of God.” A. H. 988. 6. Indeed, the Rana experienced through him what sword practice is: the Rana yan a runaway from the terror of his sword. .. 7. When in the beginning the fate of men was settled, God’s Sake fell to his _ share, and he received the blessing of God’s favor. | 8. But as his body was of earth, his pure frame lies now below the ground, like the | jewel of the mine. 15. 2 A rather poetical inscription in Tughra is found on a tombstone in the old Burial-Ground, Agrah. One Abul Fattah, son of Babari | ‘Sulté n, died on the 18th Shawwal, 978 (A. D. 1571). The people of _ Agrah say that Abul Fattah was the son of Akbar’s father-in-law (?). A rubbing of the inscription was received in 1871 from Mr, A. Carlleyle ‘(Proc., A. 8. Bengal, June, 187], p. 127). The words of the inscription are the words of the sorrowing father : (metre, Ruba’?)— Be ¥ e3ay OS rd 5 O59 5 5 oly & Abele Foto 99 Ged Col “s a ‘ ” . 7 z: Pied? Wr? 9 SAS 1) BLS & tort dy We eet Ged 90 |S : # Crmoghd bm ory? cold alle Grit coilye 5LT 99 tales Gop) wt 1. Light of my eyes! Thou once didst brighten the world. N Thou art gone, and in thy absence my day has turned into night. 2. We were once as if two lights, when I and thou were together ; But Fate has extinguished thine, and I now burn in sorrow. Written by Abdul Hadi. On the 13th Shawwal, 978, Abul Fattah, son of Babari Sultan, now received in God’s mercy and pardoned, left in the beginning | _ of his youth this perishable world, in order to join the mercy seat of God, Sed * Mr. Beale gives lass and says that he was doubtful what the word was. I have g | “substituted ass Konbdalner. | + An allusion to Dastan, the wily father of Rustam. { I have tried to imitate the alliteration in the text. 174 Blochmann—On Wr. Beale’s Fathpir Sikri Inscriptions. [Aveust, Fathpur Si’kri’. The village of Sikri was called Fath ptr by Akbar in memory of his conquest of Gujarat. iB The High Gate, or ‘ Baland Darwazah,’ in front of Akbar’s Masjid at Fathpir Sikri was built in 988 A. H., or A. D. 1575, as appears from the tarikh (metre, Mutaqgarib)— oy ote cglb ler, $d It rivals the portico of the high heaven. Tt pees: the following Arabic and Persian inscription— Jol wy? AV 29 - lMyynsd Vg dy aols F,bi5 Liolt edlnd| Bile temas (ls peed} Kady - Kclb Yeals dole Lott as 4 - foot Ghay at el pos cghaes Sif BU! Gyo og yg Y SIL SAlS a2 wt y Folia doll (5 Gyo lard id - GI kad ¥ Las 9 Ello pe - eu? ¥ AI Lato} ey - bt ys (6 3 (52) Lo Jltt pac. fares St I) Xrvolen’® cose Ab 8990419} O39 # Coal AIFOS~ 9) jf Od de gol (508 chs 959 tod gS ode lo ST yer Ole eed Lime Cort y Shot cs yeyill CelBo daw Gy Peas) prone doe” asl 9 aL 5 Ube (gylaoddt Jesus,—upon whom be peace !—said, ‘The world is a bridge; pass over it and do © not cultivate it. It is written in the Hadis, ‘He who thinks that he will live to-mor- FJ row, may as well think that he will live for ever.’ The world is called a moment; there- _ fore make it an act of worship. The remainder of one’s life has no value. It is also said ~ : in the Hadis, ‘ He who comes to prayer and his heart is not with him, will only increase his distance from God.’ ‘The best property is what is spent on the road of God,’ Sell- ing the world for the life to come is profitable. Poverty is a realm in which there is God’s reward. 1. Nami, how would it be, if thou didst make a place of worship, and if thou didst take refuge in the gilded castle [of Paradise]. 2. Look upon the beauty of the world as upon a looking-glass : take it up, and thou, too, hast taken a glance at it. The composer and writer of this inscription is Muhammad Ma’gim, whose nom-de-plume is Nami, the son of Sayyid Cafai of Tirmiz and subsequently of Bhakkar, who traces his descent from Sayyid Sher Qalandar, son of Baba Hasan Abdal, who was born at Sabzwar and lived at Qandahar.* * This inscription is also given in Sayyid Ahmad’s edition of the Tuzuk i Jahangiri, | Preface, p. 4, note; but there it is mixed up with one of the following inscriptions. 1874.] Blochmann— On Mr. Beale’s Fathpir Sikri Inscriptions. 175 A biographical notice of Mir Ma’ oe Nami will be found in my Ain Translation, pp. 514, 515. 2. In 1008 A. H., when Akbar left for the Dak’hin and arrived at Ujjain, he ordered the following inscription to be put up on an old building there. : _ The een is by the same poet as the Ee | wSs ee coe by 2b wolaty sre" foe Sh G5Ly cst | Io Khaw gilt # es * os} gas lsu Shab oS oly Boh 4 419) 55 @ low 8ayS ela hyo EMS 5 oli Jia us 2 us” am wh) S53 > gouT #3 Wands WEIS) 5 pad cm (x0 In the 44th year of the Divine Era, or 1008 A. H. [A. D. 1599-1600], the victorious army passed this place on its way to the Dak’hin. 1. ON ami, last night my heart asked fate to explain the circumstances of the past : and of the future. 2. Fate answered, ‘ Information regarding those who have past away has no trace, and the future is like the past. What canst thou know regarding it ?’ ~ When after the conquest of the Dak’hin, Akbar returned, in 1010, to 3 4 Fathpur Sikri, he ordered the following inscription to be put on the other side of the ‘ Baland Darwazah’— ile 53 ab oly p25] oe? idl Jie AU) Ab GES sli wpa (o3l90 stl 4 Ew yy 9 dee) O94 crouls & use (slur &S ceoste 9 wd 39053 8 $7 aes pS Sosy x3 gis fete Sno wml DLE x9 Opry (en OS ye taro there <9 une) ra (3 ob wept OLS? GETS # ok Gptied any pial His Majesty whose throne is high as the heaven, the shadow of God, Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Shah, conquered the kingdoms of the Dak’hin and of Dan- desh, formerly called Khandesh, and arrived on the 46th year of the Divine Era, or 1010, in Fathpir, in order to go to Agrah. 1. As long as the names of heaven and of earth remain, and as long as Existence is found in the world, 2. May his [Akbar’s] name be lofty as the heaven, and may his spirit be forever in the world, Khandesh was called Dandesh in honor of Prince Danyal, Akbar’s third son. Both Mr. Beale and Sayyid Ahmad give the word féha instead of fthu. Sayyid Ahmad says that Sikri was called Fathpir in memory of Akbar’s conquest of the Dak’hin ; but this is wrong. 176 Blochmann— On Wr. Beale’s Firuzabdéd Inscriptions. — | AvGus, 3. Akbar’s ‘ Khwabgah,’ or sleeping apartment, in Fathpur Sikri contains the following Persian verses (metre, long ramal)— o” . £ te . ° ae ” 4° ye ytd gle] de of F2b5 yy syy5 # oi enho s ted Cyatths gld G38 wre} 3m OSS Kogan 1,3 8% y9 Slr ¥ wl ye) oles S&T ty wl sl ry 1. The imperial palace is in every way better than the highest paradise; at least, there is no doubt that it is the highest paradise. 2. The room of the emperor is beautiful, pleasant, and lofty, and comprises in its structure the highest paradise. 3. Rizwdn, the keeper of paradise, makes the carpets of thy castle (smooth like) looking-glasses ; and the Hur ul-’in (the ‘ Houris’) make the dust of thy palace like swr- mah (which is beneficial to the eyes). 4. Whoever, like the heaven, worships the dust of thy threshold, obtains through the virtue of the dust a Venus-like forehead. Fi‘ru’za’ba’d, east of A’grah. Firtizabad lies about 25 miles east of Agrah. Elliot in his Glossary (Beames, II, p. 89) says it was built by Firtiz Khan, a nobleman of the reign of the Shahjahan. The nobleman alluded to is called Firaz Khan or Firtz Khwajah; he was one of Jahangir’s eunuchs. At Jahangir’s death, he delivered Prince Shahryar into Dawar Bakhsh’s hands.* His tomb is of white marble, and stands at the side of the road from Firazabad to Agrah ; but the inscription on it only contains verses from the Qoran. Near Firazabad is a tomb and a small mosque adjoining it. The tomb covers the remains of ’Iwaz Beg Khan Bahadur Hizabr-jang, who died on Sunday, 13th Rabi’ I, 1189 [14th May, 1775]. The following inscription is on it (metre, Khafif)— Oe Pane ee a ee on eg ek ‘ wrtds979 8) Bs Ove LIAS e XAT coed nos 4F lez yy csi wis Gy SE SS a 5 Ew ole Sas! yy wists Gh Ubay 8) oP SL Sy UT 90 Wel cay Sdined Wty SG 4 YlAcadd,3 OT a3 yuo 51 wily Thiyd Gj hay # Gil nhe 0S Gihi,3 ergs fod Bld jt Goto # 9! Say pray UT edl. wrt! E52 3d d9 &S (9 3s & jg RR ash wx} 118 Jw P WP F> weyad as bys 5! eS x Ht ords sila wl Sl * Vide Calcutta Review for October, 1869, ‘ Death of Jahangir.’ 1874.) Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Firtizabad Inscriptions. 177 wriys gle Sy 5 (ST fy gd e Ha) tines erin bal - 1. Alas, the chilly season has come! A hundred woes to spring departed ! 2. The fresh green has turned sere and yellow, and the pride of the rose lies scat- tered on the ground. ¥ 3. The great Agha is dead, whose descent was noble, and his spirit has fled to the heavens on high. 4. O Gabriel, read forever a Fatihah at the headstone of this angelic man. 5. The Houris of paradise waft with their curls fresh breezes to his tomb. 6. The merciful Lord himself built his mausoleum, and made it more splendid than the temple of God [in Makkah]. 7. The date of the death of this pardoned man was expressed by the thoughtful poet Faiz (who tried to find one, 8. While a voice’from heaven heaved a sigh, in excessive sorrow and with plaintive voice), by the word 9. *‘ Bihisht-nagib’ Lone to whose lot Paradise has fallen], to which you are to add ‘Agha Buzurg,’ ‘the great Agha.’ *Iwaz Beg Khan Bahadur Hizabr-jang died on Sunday, 13th Rabi’ if 1489. A. H. Ey SEP ay er + Ley Ae ¢ To Parganah Firuzabad belongs the village of Cafiptr, so called after _ a Muhammadan Saint of the name of Shah Cafi,* whose shrine is there. _ He seems to have lived at the time of ’Alauddin. Mr. Beale has sent a copy of the following letter from Mr. Mansel, Collector of Agrah, to the Commissioner of Revenue at Agrah, dated 29th May, 1839, regarding the _ shrine of Shah Cufi. f “Tt is related by the Khadims of the dargah, that in the reign of the emperor Akbar, Shah Safi, a fakeer of some celebrity, wandered from Isfa- han to India, and took up his hermitage among the Jamuna ravines near the city of Chandwar, then the country town of the Parganah of the same name, _ and which from the remains which still cover the surrounding country for miles—ruined mosques, dilapidated octagon mausolea, fallen entrance-gates and such like works of costly strength,—must have been an important post in a fiscal and military point of view. At the time from which the fables of Shah Sufi’s miracles commence, Raja Chandersen was the lord of the fort of Chandwar, anda troublesome tributary of the Delhi court. Non-com- pliance with the royal demands for payment of revenue brought upon the Raja the investment of his fort by the army of Akbar, who is said to have commanded his forces in person and to have prosecuted his attack with no approach to success for a period which the credulous or imposing Khadims of the establishment have exalted to a term of ten years. In the language 178 Blochmann—On Mr. Beale’s Firtzadbad Inscriptions. [ Avaust, of oriental metaphor, the emperor is said to have planted a mangoe tree on | * the commencement of the siege, and to have eaten the fruit of it ere his success was secured. This success was owed to the anchoret of the ravine, Shah Sufi. During a severe land storm, the lamps of the entire camp were put out, and the lights of the Shah’s hut alone glimmered in the sur- rounding darkness.* This extraordinary fact led to the Shah’s being _ visited by some of the courtiers. The miraculous character of the event being much commented on by the visitors, the Shah acknowledged him- self to be under the special favour of Heaven, and in the end, the conversa= tion turned upon the difficulties of the siege, and the grateful sense of the hermit’s interference which the sovereign would entertain in the event of its being brought to a close by his holy means. The Shah promised the required aid, and declared that the fort should be captured by a fixed day. Thus much for the emperor. In respect to the Raja, the Shah acted very effectually upon his superstitious fears, told him that the fort was destined to fall, and proffered his own miraculous powers to secure for the Raja a safe and honorable retreat for himself, his family, and valuables. The whole were accordingly passed invisible through the besieging camp, and the Raja quitted Hindustan for the eastward. In return for this valuable service, the emperor bestowed half of an hamlet of Chandwar on the Shah. The place — | assumed the name of Sufipur, and has since been inhabited by the descend- ants of the Shah. The decease of Shah Sufi took place soon after the - grant was made, and he was buried on the brow of a deep ravine, a — handsome tomb being erected over his remains. The mausoleum is still in good order and forms a picturesque object in the midst of the desolation of 4 the Jamuna ravines in the vicinity of Chandwar and Firozabad. Its pretty — dome and minarets, commanding, as they do, the heights of the Jamuna ravines, often lead the voyagers on the river to visit the shrine of the saint, and landwards the building is an object of interest and beauty, which all would regret to see lost to the country. There are several dalans, a hand- some gate, and a small mosque comprised within the building, and the whole is kept in occasional good repairs by the outlay of part of the funds of the - grant. The fable of the whole is palpable. Indeed, the Raja, who under the name of Chandersen was ousted from Chandwar, lived in the reign of Alauddin}, and his descendants were the party who fell under the displeasure of Akbar.” * I cannot say whether this is the Shah ‘Safi Yahya,’ mentioned by Mr. F. 8S, Growse in his Memoir of Mathura District, Vol. I, p. 148. The same miracle will be found in Ibrahim Bayyt’s stor y Journal, A. 8. Bengal, 1873, Pt. L., p. 300. q + South of the Dargdh lies a village of the name of ’Alauddinpur. ee ee en | 1874.] Blochmann—On Mr, Beale’s Gwalidr Inscriptions. 179 Gwa'lia’. The Jami’ Mosque in Gwaliar,* which was built by Mu’tamid Khan, an officer of Aurangzib’s court, in 1074 A. H., or 1668-64, bears two inscriptions, one inside and one over the gateway. _ Mu’tamid Khan’s original name was Khwajah Nar. He was a eu- auch, and received soon after Aurangzib’s accession the title of Mu’tamid _ Khan (‘the trustworthy’). In the second year, hé was made a commander | of 1000, and 300 horse, and Commandant of Agrah, and was put in charge . On the 24th Jumada I, 1071, he was made Commandant of Gwaliar ‘where Sulaimén Shikoh, Prince Muhammad Sultan, Prince Murdd Bakhsh and his son I’zid Bakhsh, were confined. In Gwaliar he remained till 18th Rajab, 1078, when Khwajah Phdl was appointed Commandant of the fort. In 1081 and 1085, we find Mu’tamid Khan again commanding Fort Agrah. In 1091, Mu’tamid Khan’s property, consisting of 124 14k’hs of rupees, be- sides jewels and cattle, was sent from Gwalidr to Court, but the Madsir-i- *Alamgiri says nothing regarding the cause of this confiscation. In 1099, Mu’tamid Khan was appointed Daroghah i Dagh o Taghthah, or head of the musters and the recruiting department. He died in 1101 A. H., or A. D. 1689-90. ~ The Gwaliar Jami’ Mosque was therefore built by him when command- ‘ing the fort. G1 (nale cabs 3 ee Boy4 * & OT hells ge uso} Jo Gye oS ois ® OT yo sete ot ope tty oF slid of as) (pedas,3 39> 2s 5 eo ¥ ey—4s y jovavo wi doit (asso RS) Jt (pi Ruey wt wb 95 * plo} esis fs ls > oye ase) wars (f w0 lo i « pial —S cols nul Sle tad | P I. In the time of Shah ’Alamgir, who has.........s00..2-00 00008 ° _ 2. A king, before whose generosity the ocean feels ilamsd oT 7 3. Mu’tamid Khan, in whom the true light} of faith appears, found through God’s kindness grace. ; * Whether this Jaémi’ Mosque is the same as the Jami’ Mosque of GwaAlid4r mention- ed by General Cunningham (Arch. Report, Vol. II, p. 370), I cannot say. But if they are the same, Sir W. Sleeman’s historical particulars quoted by General Cunningham are “not correct. General Cunningham gives several interesting particulars regarding Mu’{a- mid Khan ; vide loc. cit., pp. 333, 371. + In spite of the numerous pearls which the ocean possesses. f In allusion to his name Khwajah Nur (7. e, light). 180 Wood-Mason—On Blind Crustaceans. : [Avavsr, 4. To build a lofty mosque. Ask him minutely regarding its excellence. 5. Isearched for the date of its construction, and the old sage told me the words — Like a house of agate.” A. H. 1074. . # 342 Gye Jol—e y— Kelle Slim lef yo % ws aby ple 9) Jae ty 3 55 é : # GAS; 9% LY G—& Gs} Ue Ctl WIS oakre « # Ls fs Goe 5 by Gamo ose Cyst adhe « ; 5 la yys™ Cyl e* eles ex) 3 gle wl Ula » * * S39) Jole pS jos wale 5) ° Blom x yoy Ua} Usd os” yt! Gy 4b ~——ato ob « + low 9 “Uses! e—® 9 st Pity chee Bis O97 De 1. In the reign of Shah ’Alamgir, the just, the religious, the light of whose justice illuminates the world, 2. Mu’tamid Khan found grace to build with sincerity of heart this holy mosque. 3. The revenue of this well and this bath and these rooms was given as a perpetual — grant to the servants of the mosque for their maintenance. 4, I request the just kings and rulers of the age not to misappropriate the revenues g of the mosque for the sake of God. 5. O God, may this mosque through the kindness of the people of the world remain standing as long as the world, the sun, the moon, the earth, and the heaven remain ! Mr. J. Wood-Mason exhibited drawings of various Blind Crustaceans and drew attention to the fact that a species differing in no particular of _ generic value from Deidamia leptodactyla et crucifer of Willemoés v. Suhm, — discovered by H. M.S. ‘Challenger,’ had, years before, been described by Prof. C. Heller under the name of Polycheles typhlops ; in which species from _ the Mediterranean the organs of vision were also morphologically entirely a wanting, being merely represented by two minute pigment-specks situated — at the usual place of origin of the eye-stalks. Mr. Mason also stated — that Polycheles typhlops and its allies could be placed in no existing family — of crustaceans, recent or fossil, with the exception perhaps of the Hryonide, | the structural characters of which appeared to be far too imperfectly known — to warrant their being included in it; he, therefore, proposed to establish a new family, to be called the Polychelide, for their reception, and provision- — ally to consider them as members of its single genus Polycheles. Mr, Mason Wood-Mason—On Trictenotoma Childrenii. 181 Is Astacid at all, but represented a new and very remarkable genus of Thalas- sinide, which he proposed to designate Thaumastocheles : in this species, particularly, the caudal ‘ swimmeret’ had not the terminal plate of its outer _ branch transversely jointed as in all true Astacide; he was glad to find that M. Alph. Milne-Edwards, the eminent carcinologist of France, had . expressed a similar opinion with regard to its systematic position, in a“ Note _ onthe Nephropsis Stewart of Wood-Mas.,” published in the last number of _ the ‘Annales des Sciences Naturelles.’ - Mr, Wood-Mason also exhibited specimens of Trictenotoma Childrenii, _ Gray, and read the following note thereon. Note on Trictenotoma Childrenii, Gray. So far as I have been able to discover, one additional species only of the very anomalous family of coleopterous insects, Trictenotomide, of which 1. Childrenii, Gray is the type, has been described since Professor West- _.wood published in his ‘ Cabinet of Oriental Entomology’* the results of his _ dissections of the three species known to him, viz., of Z. Childrenii, Gray, T. Templetonu, Westw., and ZT. aenea, Parry. Of the first-named I have _ recently received two specimens (@ ) collected at Samagiting, in the Nag 4g Hills, by Captain J. Butler, a third ( @ ) captured by Major H. H. Godwin- 4 Austen in the Dhansiri Valley, and a fourth (g) taken by one of the collectors of the Indian Museum at Johore, in the Malay Peninsula. a This species having been incorrectly described by Dupont,¢ whose specimen had most likely become stained by the exudation of fatty matters from the bedy of the insect itself, after death, or by prolonged immersion in | Bi aleohol in company with other objects, as “ couverte en dessous d’ un vil- — losité j jaune verdatre,” it may be worth while to correct the mistake. ____ The whole of the ventral surface of the insect, in both sexes, from the 4 extremity of the abdomen to the very tips of the triangular processes that - hie in front of the eyes and bound the labium (mentwm of Westwood), the "femora to their distal ends, and the narrow inflected portions of the elytra ty are clothed with a most delicately pure ashy-grey pubescence, wanting only : on the mesosternal process, which appears to be normally shining-black, and on the middle of the posterior margins of the abdominal segments, from _ which it has been removed by friction; the pubescence on the labium and the fringe of hairs on the fore margin of the prosternum alone being stained with very pale luteous ; the anterior and posterior faces.of the tibize, espe- cially of the two anterior pairs, are also slightly pubescent, The distribution of the four described species is as follows :— T. Childrenti. Hab. Assam; Tennaserim coast ; Johore ; Java, 1 * Op. Cit. p. 47, Pl. XXIIL + Mag. de Zool., pl. 35, 1832, 182 Memorial to the late Dr. F. Stoliczka. [Aveust, T. Templetonii. Hab. Ceylon. T. enea. Hab. Himalayas. T. Grayit. Hab. Canara, Malabar Coast. The President announced that the Council propose to commemor ate the — services of their late Natural History Secretary, Dr. Stoliczka, by a suitable memorial, and had appointed a Committee to ascertain in what way the proposal could best be carried out. A circular on the subject would be issued in due course. The following papers were read— 1. Note on a Picture representing the taking of Palémau by Détd Khan, Aurangztb’s General. By Cou. KE, T. Daron, C. 8. I. 4 Col. Dalton gives in this note a description of a picture representing — the taking of Palamau, in Chutia Nagpdr, by Daad Khan, Aurangzib’s general. ; The picture, which is in the possession of Daud Khan’s descendants at Datidnagar, is on cloth and is about 80 feet by 12 feet. It represents the several stages of the fight which led to the capture of Fort Palamau on the 20th December, 1660, as related in Journal, for 1871, Part I, p. 127. Col. Dalton’s note is accompanied by a photograph of the picture, taken by Mr. Peppé, a plan of the picture, and two photographs of Fort Palémau itself. ; The costume of the officers and soldiers as also the ethnic peculiarities of j the hillmen and their arms are remarked on (vide loc. cit., p. 182). The paper will appear in No. III of the Journal, for this year. 2. Note on Fort Hkdalah near Panduah, Maldah District.—By EK. V. Westmacort, Esa., C. S. bs Mr. Westmacott fixes in this paper the position of Fort Ekdalah, which ~ was twice in vain besieged by Firtiz Shah III, of Dihli, when invading Ben- gal during the reigns of Ilyas Shah and Sikandar Shah. { Fort Ekdalah lies N. N. E. of Maldah, about Lat. 25°27’, alittle east | of the Chiramati, and is marked on the 1-inch-a-mile survey map. Itis — not given on Sheet 119 of the Indian Atlas ; but the three large tanks near | which Ekdalah lies, are prominently marked. “ 4 Mr. Westmacott’s paper will be printed in No. III of the Journal, Part I, for this year, and will be accompanied by a map. . Mr. Blochmann said, there was no doubt that Mr. Westmacott had now fixed upon the true site of Fort Ekdalah. Besides the proofs adduced by him, there was some collateral evidence. Thus the places near Ekdalah were Qacbah (marked ‘ Kasba’ on Sheet 119), or the ‘ collectorate,’ and Dhanjar itself, after which the parganah, to which Ekdalah belonged, was pate, 1874. ] Pedler—On the Calcutta Coal-Gas. 183 i called; and N. W. of it, on the Chiramati, lay Paikpara, the place, no doubt, where the Bengal Paiks were stationed. 3. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora, Part I.— * - By S. Kurz, Esa. This paper will be published in the forthcoming number of the Journal. 4, Descriptions of nine species of Alyceine from Asdm and the Néga Hills—By Mason H. H. Gopwin-Avsten, F. G. S., F. Z. 8. This paper will be published in the Journal Part IT. 5. Note on the Composition of the Calcutta Coal-Gas.— By” ALEXANDER PepierR, F. C. S., Fellow. Chem. Soc., Berlin. The bad quality of the gas supplied to Calcutta is the subject of very frequent remark, and judging from the amount of light furnished by most of the public gas lamps, it would be by no means an unfounded one. There is however, no doubt that the burners supplied to these lamps are so badly ‘constructed, that they are not capable of giving anything like the maximum ~ amount of light which should be produced by the gas. The returns of the official Gas Examiner for the past year, shew that the average illuminating power of the gas, when burnt at the rate of 5 cubic-feet per hour from a standard argand burner, equalled the light of 18 sperm candles burning 120 grains per hour ; and he has also shewn that the generality of the street gas-lamps do not give a light equal to more than seven or eight candles. It would be obviously unfair then to condemn the gas because of the bad- ness of the light of the street lamps. A coal-gas which only gives a light equal to thirteen candles is, how- ever, of very poor quality, for very few large towns are satisfied with a gas giving less than sixteen candles, the minimum now allowed in London. There is no doubt that the large quantity of ammonia which is present in the gas of Calcutta, and which has averaged during the past year 37-5 grains per 100 cubic feet, must deteriorate its illuminating power to some extent, and there is also no doubt that this is the cause of the excessive fouling of the gas-pipes, fittings &c., which is a frequent source of annoy- ance, and which may also produce a further decrease in the illuminating power of the gas. Judging, however, from the composition of the various samples of In- dian coals, such as are obtained from Sanktoria, Dumarkanda, Raniganj, Banali and Mangalpur, the analyses of which have been published by the Geological Survey, there did not appear to be any reason, why illuminating gas of a very fair quality should not be obtained from them, if properly treated. It appeared to me to be very probable that the low illuminating 184 Pedler—On the Calcutta Coal-Gas. — [Aveust, © power of the gas was due either to the presence of a considerable amount of — impurity, or to an imperfect manufacture of the gas. So far as I am aware, the composition of the gas supplied to Calcutta has never been ascertained, — and it appeared to me that it would be interesting to determine its exact — chemical composition, so as to judge of the cause of its bad quality. For — ‘this purpose, I have made a series of analyses, the results of which are ap- — pended in the table on the opposite page. In the first four columns of the table will be found four analyses of the gas supplied on various days to Calcutta, and in the fifth column, is given the average composition of — the Calcutta gas as deduced from twelve analyses. For the purposes of — comparison, I have introduced into the table the analyses of two samples — of London gas, and one sample of Manchester gas, the latter being of good — quality, the two former only fair in quality. The illuminating power of any sample of coal-gas depends upon the | amount of the illuminating hydrocarbons (belonging to the Cy Hen series) — which it contains, and, to a great extent, on the proportion of carbon contain- — _ ed by these hydrocarbons, as shewn by the amount of carbonic acid generated — by them. A glance at the table will shew that in luminiferous constituents the Calcutta coal-gas is tolerably rich, and yet we have already seen that — the illuminating power is in fact less than that of London gas, which contains a — much smaller proportion of hydrocarbons ; it therefore at once becomes evident that the loss of light must be due to the presence of some impurities, The chemical composition of the gas shews that there are both imper- fections in its manufacture and in its purification. In the first place, we have no less than 4°79 per cent. of carbonic acid present in the gas; this, — as is well known, is an impurity most destructive to the illuminating power; it has been shewn that for every 2 per cent. of this substance present the illuminating power of coal-gas is diminished to the extent of from one candle to one and a half candles; that is +6 say, if this impurity were 4 | removed (which is a very simple matter) the illuminating power of the gas would be increased from thirteen candles to about fifteen or sixteen candles. | § | The second point that I have to draw attention to, is the extremely large ~ amount of nitrogen present; this can only arise from imperfections in the manufacture; it means to say, that about 15 per cent. of the gas | supplied as coal-gas, has been drawn in from the air during the process of © 4 manufacture, and it shews that either the retorts are ina very dilapidated 4 condition, or that sufficient care is not taken to keep the retorts properly _ closed, when the gas is being formed. The presence of the nitrogen in § the gas is decidedly detrimental to its illuminating power, but even sup- 4 posing that it has simply a diluting effect, and no injurious action on the i gas, the absence of the nitrogen would raise the illuminating power from 4 13 to 15:3 candles, It has, however, been shewn by the experiments of * a, 185 (qnoqe) | (qnoqr) Ta 91 9L gL as sie S34 ay a ay ‘goTpuvo urtstods paepureys 07 yenbo ‘anoy aed qooz . oIqnd G jo o4er OY 4e poTANqg qnoqe UdsyM SVS JO TOMOd SuTyeUIMINI[T 82 O-P OP 2.% ane re Aas he oe ‘suoqrvoorpA suryeurut “QI[I 943 Jo ounyjoa T Aq poyear i -oues ploy olmoqreg jo JunowYy fe oe eee ee ef | & 0G-00T | 00-001 | 00-00T | 00-001] 00-00T | 00-001 | 68-66 | 00-00T | 00-001 | 00-00T | 00-001 . BS | a el es ee S O8FL | 9871 | 19-9T | 800RI9] 880 | 08T | 99-51 | PEBT | 8BEL | O6FL | FAIL |“ a *meS01} NT Lae} S 080 | eF0 | 280 | seoe) g00 | 0 | 090 | 2¢0 |ss0 | 690 [660 |" oe “masdxQ) o S OFF | 197 | 16% |6TT | 000 | 820 |6,.7 |060 |orr |t6r | sop | “! fproy ormogaeg ~ : 5 8-9 eG | 69 |£0-:0T | 968 | ORL |eGL 3ce¢ |6r8 |Ob8 |ree fu ‘opixQ ormoq.teg S 8066 | GS-96 | E476 |F6SE | 0819 | F21S | F992 | LT-0S | se6s | Tehs | 9Lee | | re ‘aesorpAH S a, rsh | 88h | TL0P |66-1h | 9o-g¢ | sacs | ceor | 99-7 | 99-48 | 6677 | 9F98 J" "sep qsrelq é 189 | 089 |9T9 |180T | soe | 998 |ze9 [729 | 669 Le9 | 8hG | t (‘sortos U6yy Ug jo) suoqavooupATy Suryeurunyly ae ASHI] W's GT-S| KE OGL, OE) “09 pe | 00, |g BS Biege el S ee ae ae K- Q,.4 5 | -1040e8 +B 2» eee 3b! Sut aare dine BS 6. 1) quoay BS. 5.3 Mmozsme mot star /qaor Ame] go EAdV ig OF ier = aa , Se alae. eee TESS Soon | a keane | ae ¥ e “hs > URS 186 Pedler— On the Calcutta Coal-Cas. [Auausr, | Silliman and Wurtz* that by the admixture of such gases as oxygen and nitrogen with coal-gas, its illuminating power is destroyed very rapidly. Thus in the case of air, for every one per cent. added to coal-gas, there is a loss of rather more than one-half a candle power. No doubt a consider- able part of the loss is due to the oxygen present in the air, but there is also a considerable part due to the presence of the nitrogen ; I have little doubt that in the case before us, there is a loss of from 3 to 4 candles in the illuminating power of the gas, due to the presence of the nitro- — gen. I have also made some series of analyses on the gas supplied at diffe- — rent hours of the same night, but have found that practically it has nearly the same composition at whatever time it is collected. A series of three analyses of gas collected at different times on the same evening is given in the three last columns of the table. I have not attempted to make many determinations of the other im- — purities present in the gas, that is to say, the amounts of Sulphur and Ammonia, as they are regularly determined by the Gas Examiner to the Municipality. There is, however, no reason whatever why the Calcutta gas should not be as free from these substances as any other gas-supply. As already stated, the quantity of Ammonia present in the gas is enormous, and it is a sign of the most imperfect purification. There is no difficulty in removing the whole of this impurity, and the quantity present is at least fifteen times as much as the maximum quantity that ought to be present. — The quantity of Sulphur on the other hand is not so large as might be expected, but this arises probably not so much from the very complete puri- — fication of the gas, as from the fact that Indian coals on the whole do not contain a very large proportion of sulphur. I hope, however, at some future time to return to these two impurities. | To sum up the result of these experiments, it may be said that it is probable, if care were taken during the manufacture of the gas to ex- ; clude the nitrogen (which must come in from the air), and also if the car- bonie acid present in the gas were removed, that the illuminating power of _ the Calcutta gas instead of being only 13 candles, would be increased to about 17 or 18 candles. The greater part of the carbonic acid present in | the gas is due to the air drawn in during the process of manufacture, the oxygen of which combines with the red-hot coke or carbon forming Carbo- nic acid. The quantity of air which is thus drawn in amounts to about 17 per cent, and is the cause of the two impurities nitrogen and carbonic — acid. ez * American Journ. Science and Arts [2] XLVIII, p. 40. ~~ 1874. ] Dr. J. Wise—On the Barak Bhiyas of Eastern Bengal. | 187 6. Notes on the Barah Bhiyas of Eastern Bengal.—By Dr. J. Wrist. Dr. Wise gives in this paper the family histories of five of the twelve - Bhiyas of Bengal, after whom Bengal is often called ‘¢ Barah Bhttya Mulk.” The word ‘‘ Bhaya” means the same as Bhamik or Zamindar, and does not indicate ethnic differences, as understood by Buchanan, Col. Dalton, and the compiler of the last census report. In modern times even the title of Bhu- _ ya was frequently conferred, on payment of a fee, by the Rajds of Kachhar. The five Bhuyas of Eastern Bengal noticed in this paper are the Ghazi family of Bhowal; the family of ’I’si Khan, whose descendants are the _ Diwan Sahibs of Jangalbéri ; and the Hindd zamindars of Bhaluah, Chan- _dradip (Bakl4), and Bikrampar. The paper is accompanied by a photograph taken by Mr. Cadell of the large Shiv temple near the site of the old town of Sriptr (Bikrampiar), now surrounded by dense jungle. The temple is the highest in eastern, if not in the whole of, Bengal. The reading of the following paper was postponed— The Ismail Ghazi Legend, according toa Persian History discovered at _ Rangpir.—By G. K. Damant, Hsq., C. 8. LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the — meeting held in July last. Presentations. *, Names of Donors in Capitals. Journal of the East Indian Association, London, Vol. VIII, No. I. P. M. Tait.—Anglo-Indian Vital Statistics. THE ASSOCIATION, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Paris, Avril 1874. Garnier.—Divisions civiles du territoire britannique en Birmanie. Col. Yule.—Note pour MM. Fau et Moreau, voyageurs en Birmanie (Extrait d'une lettre au Secrétaire général). ; THe Socrery. Actes de L’Académie Nationale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux, 3° Série, 1872, 3° et 4¢ trimestres. THE ACADEMY. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1874, Part I. W. Ferguson.—Description of a supposed new genus of Ceylon Batrachians. Louis de Zoysa.—Notes on the identity of Piyadasi and Asoka. W.V. Legge.—On the Island ' distribution of the Birds in the Society’s Museum. S. Bligh.—Notes on the occurrence of arare Eagle new to Ceylon; and other interesting or rare birds. &. Van Cuylenberg.— 188| . Library. [Avaust, Extracts from the records of the Dutch Government in Ceylon. J. D’ Alwis.—The Stature | of Gotama Buddha. THE Soctery. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. No. VII. Revision of the Echini, by Alexander Agassiz, — Parts I—III, and Plates, Parts I—IV. | Tur Harvard CoLLEGs. Notices of Sanscrit MSS., by Rajendralala Mitra, Vol. II, Part IV. THe AvuTHor. Science des Religions. L’Islamisme d’aprés le Coran. L’enseigne- — ment doctrinal et la pratique, par Garcin de Tassy. ‘Troisiéme Edition. THE AUTHOR. Meghadtta der Wolkenbote. Gedicht von Kélidésa mit kritischen Anmerkungen und Worterbuch, herausgegeben von Adolf Friedrich Stenzler. Tue Eprror. Preliminary Report on the first season’s work of the Geological Survey — of Yesso, by Benjamin Smith Lyman, 1874. 3 THe AUTHOR, Dr. and Mrs. Mason’s Land Leases in Toungoo, British Burma, by Mrs. Eleanor Mason. Pr | Tue AUTHORESS. Dr. Mason’s Last Days, by Mrs. Eleanor Mason. THe AUTHORESS. Ancient Laws of Ireland, Vol. ITI. Lectures on the Manners and Customs of the Aucient Irish, by Eugene — O’Curry M. R. I. A. Edited, with an introduction &., by W. K. Sullivan, — Ph. D, Vols. 1—8. % WHITLEY SToKEs, Esa. The Christian Spectator, for July, 1874. THE Eprror. Ramayana, edited by Hemachandra, Part 4, No. 4. THe Eprror. Daily Meteorological Observations of the St. Xavier’s College Observa- | tory, for the half-year ending 30th June, 1874. Tue Principat, St. XAVIER'S COLLEGE. White Yajur-Veda, edited by Thakur Giriprasad Sing, Parts 5—6. THe Eprror. Synopsis of the Results of the Operations of the Great Trigonometrical } Survey of India, Vol. I. The Great Indus Series. By Col. J. T. Walker, / R. E. and Assistants. Ture GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. ~-1874.] Library, 189° : Selection of Papers regarding the Hill Tracts between Assam and ~ Burmah and on the Upper Brahmaputra. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Annals of Indian Administration in the year 1872-73. Vol. XVIII. THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Report on the Stamp Revenue of the Central Provinces for the year 1873-74. . THE CHIEF-COMMISSIONER OF THE Amciiin PROVINCES. ea Report on Vaccination throughout the Presidency and Provinces of _ Madras in the year 1872-73. i THE GovERNMENT oF Mapras. The Desatir, or Sacred Writings of the Ancient Persian Prophets, by Mulla Firuz Bin Kaus, Vol. II. Deaths in eee from 1848 to 1863, 13 Parts. Report on the Census of the N. W. Provinces, dated 1st January, 1853. Census of the Island of Bombay, taken 2nd February, 1864. Statistical Memoir of a Survey of the Nilgherry Mountains. Weale’s Series. Rudimentary Treatise on Agricultural Engineering, by » G. H. Andrews, Vol. I. Rudimentary Treatise on Ship Building, by J. Perke, Parts 2 and 3. Ditto of Recent and Fossil Shells, by 8. P. Woodward, Ditto Astronomy, by the Rev. R. Man. Ditto Magnetism, by Sir W. 8. Harris. Equational Arithmetic, by W. Hipsley. Rudimentary and Elementary Treatise on Steam and Locomotion, by J. Sewell. First Mnemonical Lessons in Geometry, Algebra and Trigonometry, by the Rev. T. P. Kirkman, M. A. An Investigation of the Dust Storms and Whirlwinds of India, by P. '¥F, H. Braddeley. Barometrical Sections of India, by Surgeon E. Balfour, On the methods of determining Terrestrial Longitudes, by Captain J. Crisp. Reports on the Proceedings of the Officers engaged in the Magnetic Survey of India, Report No. X. Chevalier Dubart’s Principles of Hydraulics applied to Indian Irriga- tion, by Major T. F. de Haviland, Ist Vol. : The Mammals of India, by Dr. T. C. Jerdon, (2 copies). Chronological Tables, containing Corresponding Dates of the different _ Hras, used in the Bombay Presidency, for the Century from A. D. 1752 to A. D. 1852. 190 | Li brary. [Avaust, ] A Report on the Weights and Measures of the Konkun Province and the Territories subject to the Government of Bombay, by Capt. T. B. Jervis, Bo. Eng. 1829. Records of Ancient Science exemplified and authenticated in the Primi- tive Universal Standard of Weights and Measures, by Capt. T. B. Jervis, Bo. Eng. Table of Weights and Measures, for the Bombay Presidency. P Tables of Weights for reducing English Weight into British Indian — Weight, and the contrary. 2 Vivada Chintamani, by Prasanna Cumar Tagore. The Mohummudan Law of Sale, according to the Huneefeea Code, by | N. B. E. Baillie. Digest of Hindoo Law Cases, Vol. IT. Labour Laws of Mauritius. Vyavahara Mayukha, an authentic and complete Treatise embracing all _ the heads of Hindoo Law, translated by H. Borradaile, Bo. C. S., Surat, 1827. | | 3 Letters patent establishing the Supreme Court of Judicature at — Bombay, 1844. r Letters patent establishing the Court of Judicature at Prince of Wales — Island, Singapore and Malacca, 1827. : Letters patent for reconstituting the Court of Judicature at Prince of ~ Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 1355. | An Act for Establishing High Courts of Judicature in India and papers | relating thereto. g An English Translation of the Himyaritic Inscriptions, by Professor H. Osiander. e The Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Nos. — 21-25. 1862-1868. E Examination and Analysis of the Mackenzie MSS., deposited in the | Madras College Library, by the Rev. W. Taylor. td The Bombay Engineer’s Report for the official year 1849-50. Professional Papers printed at the Civil Engineering College, Roorkee. No. II, Rajbuhas. No. III, Earthwork. Papers prepared for the use of the Civil Engineering College, Roorkee, No. IV, Earthwork. No. VI, Construction of Buildings, Part I. On Blasting under Water by means of Galvanism, by D. Tresham. Notes on Building and Road-making, compiled for the use of the D. | 4 P. W. Madras, 1855. A treatise explanatory of a new system of Naval, Military and Political Telegraphic Communication, with a comprehensive Numerical Dictionary, by Lt.-Col, J. Macdonald, 1817. | @ S74:.] Library. 191 Report of the Ganges Canal Committee on Major Crofton’s Project for Remodelling the Ganges Canal, 1867. Memoranda on the Western Jumna Canals, N. W. Provinces, 1849. _ by Major W. E. Baker, B. E. | Plates of Goodwyn’s Memoir on the Taper-Chain Tension-Bridge. | Correspondence on the Proposed Railway in the Southern Mahratta Country, 1858. Report on Projected Canals in the Delhi Territory, 1841. Report on the Epidemic in the Moradabad District in 1854. ~ Report of the Indian Cattle Plague Commissioners, 1871. Treatment and Management of Saxon Sheep in the Deccan. ! Report on the Canal Irrigation of Rohilkund, by Capt, W, Jones, B. E. 1855. Trrigation in the Madras Provinces, by Lt.-Col. R. Baird Smith, B. E. On the Corn and Pasture Grasses of India, by Professor Royle. Notes on the Propagation and Cultivation of the Medicinal Cinchonas, or Peruvian Bark Trees, by W. G. McIvor. Annual Reports on the Sind Forests for 1858-59 and 1859-60. The Tobacco Cultivator’s Manual, by D. José Maria Dau, of Cuba. The Cultivation of Orleans Staple Cotton, as practised in the Missis- sippi Cotton-growing Region. Papers on Opium Cultivation in Khandeish, 1839. A Statement and remarks relating to the Expenses of Irrigation from Wells in the Deccan &c., by Captain Meadows Taylor. Papers relative to the execution of Irrigation Works, by Joint Stock Companies. (P. P. 1861). Correspondence on the subject of the Drainage of Bombay, 1867. Report on a Project for the Drainage of the Town of Madras, by Capt. Hector Tulloch, R. E. Correspondence relating to the prohibition of Burials in the Back Bay — Sands, 1855. Correspondence relating to a proposed enactment for the regulation of places used for the Disposal of Corpses in the Town and Island of Bombay. Analysis of the Mineral Springs and various Well and River Waters, in the Bombay Presidency, by H..Giraud, and R. Haines. Report on the Quantity of Water raised from Wells in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts, 1856. Report on the Mesmeric Surgical Operations of Dr. Esdaile, 1846. Records of Cases treated in the Mesmeric Hospital, Calcutta, in 1847, Notes on the Application of the Test of Organic Disease of the Spleen, as a means of detecting Malarious Localities in Hot Climates, by Surgeon T. E. Dempster. Rte Library. [ AvausT, Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay, Nos. 3, 5, 6, Old Series, 1840-1843, and Nos. 3 and 4, New Series, 1855-1858. Indian Annals of Medical Science, Nos. XVII, XX, and XXIV to XXVI. Pharmacopceia of India, 1868, by Dr. E, J. Waring. British Pharmacopeeia, 1867. | Practical Observations on the Hygiene of the Army in India, by Stewart Clark, M. R. C. S. Report on Leprosy, by the Royal College of Physicians, London. Reprints for the Pundits— No. 2, Physical Science, Parts 1 to 3. No. 8, Method of Induction. No. 4, Metaphysical and Mental Philosophy, Vols. I, II. No. 6, Elements of Logic. No. 8, Elements of Rhetoric. Catalogue of the Duplicates, &c., of the India Office Library, 1862. List of Books published by the Government of the N. W. Provinces, from 1840 to 1852. Facts for Factories, being Letters on Practical Subjects, suggested by experiences in Bombay, by W. Walker. Catalogue of the Arabic, Persian, and Hindustani Manuscripts of the Libraries of the King of Oude, by Dr. A. Sprenger ; Vol. I., Hindustani and Persian Poetry. Report on Education in Sind, March, 1856. Annual Reports from the Governors of the Madras University, from 1845-46 to 1852-23. Reports on Indigenous Education and Vernacular Schools in the N. W. Provinces, for 1851-52, and 1852-53, by H. 8. Reid, Visitor General of Schools. | Reports on Public Instruction, Bombay, for 1863-64 and 1864-65. ' Reports on the Progress of Education in the N. W. Provinces, 1864-65, and 1865-66. . Memorandum on Public Instruction in the Bombay Presidency, 1856- 1865. H, HE. I. C. Education Despatch of 1854. Report on the Revision of the Miltary Store Department, Bombay, 18380. Practical Hints on the Proof of Gunpowder, by Major W. Jacob, Bo. Art. Parliamentary Report on the Abyssinian Expedition, 1870. 9 Index to ditto. Persian Expedition, Estimate of Extraordinary Expenditure on account of (P. P. 1857), rad 1874] Lnbrary. 16. : Persian Expedition, Correspondence about the Proportion of Cost to be _ charged upon the Indian Revenues, (P. P. 1857). Persian Expedition, Correspondence about the proportion to be defray- ed from the revenues of the United Kingdom. (P. P. 1857). Account of the Total Annual Expenses of the Military Forces serving in each Presidency in India from 1850-51. (P. P. 1858). Act authorizing Payments from the Indian Revenues in respect of Retiring Pay, Pensions and other expenses of Hy M’s. Forces serving in Mndia. (P. P. 1862). Ea Return of the Actual Strength both of the Military Force in the Presi- dencies of Bombay and Madras and the Punjaub in October and Nov., 1858. (Pe; P. 1858). | Return of the Troops, European and Native, on the Establishment of each Presidency in India, in April, 1857. (P. P. 1860). Report of the Parliamentary Commission on the Mutiny at Vellore. ee P. 1861). Report of the Parliamentary Committee on the Amalgamation of the English and Indian Armies. (P. P. 1861). Order on the Amalgamation of the Indian Army with the Line and Despatches relating thereto. (P. P. 1861). Mortality among Women and Children in the Dum-Dum Barracks in F309. .(P. P. 1859). Correspondence on the Expenditure in the China War from 1840-1843. we. P. 1857). Correspondence relating to Affairs in China. (P. P. 1860). Papers regarding the Balance of Expenditure on account of the China War. (P. P. 1854). Account of Payments to the Government of India on account of the China War to 1861. (P. P. 1861). Account of Claims of the Government of India on account of the China aver. - (P. P. 1861). | Return of Officers in the Royal Army who distinguished themselves in the second Burmese War. (P. P. 1856). Further Return of Distinguished Officers of the second Burmese War. Report of Committee for the Investigation of the Coal and Mineral Resources of India, May, 1845. Correspondence regarding the Cultivation of Indigo and Bourbon Cot- ton in Gujerat, 1831. Sorgho Sucré—Chinese Sugarcane—Method of Cultivation and Manu- facture, in the United States. 1859. Report on the Cultivation, Preparation, and Adulteration of Malwa Opium, by Assistant-Surgeon Impey, 1848. 194 Library. [Avaust, Observations on Substitutes for Hemp and Flax, by Dr. Roxburgh. Report on the Deodar Forests of Bussahir, 1865. Progress Report of Forest Administration in B. Burmah, 1863-64. Ditto do. in Central Provinces, 1863-64. Report on the Manufacture of Spirit from Toddy, 1837. Report on Indigenous Products of the Bombay Presidency. Hand-book to the Cotton Cultivation in the Madras Presidency, by J. T. Wheeler, 1862. The Timber Trees and Forests of India, and of Eastern and Southern Asia, by Dr, E. Balfour, 1862. Tabular and Descriptive Lists of Articles from Malwa, Khyrpoor, Cutch, and the Bombay Presidency, for the Grand Exhibition of 1851. Madras Exhibition of the Raw Products of Southern India, 1859.— On the Cotton of the Gigantic Nettle-wort (Calotropis Gigantea), as also on the Silk-worm and Silk Manufacture in Bengal, Bombay, China, Madras and Mysore. | | Correspondence relative to the Valuable Properties of the American Sumach (Ceésalpinia coriaria), as a Tanning Plant, by Dr. Wallich. Correspondence on Cotton Cultivation in Dharwar. Tobacco—its Cultivation and Preparation in the Phillippine Islands. Minute regarding the Cultivation of Cotton, by Sir J. R. Carnac, | Governor of Bombay. : | An Essay on Female Infanticide, by Bhawoo Dajee. Ditto by Cooverjee Rustomjee Mody. Reports and Returns relating to the Crimes of Thuggee and Dacoity, with Reports on and Lists of Wandering Tribes, by Major Hervey, Assist- ant General Superintendent, Thuggee and Dacoity Department, Bombay, 1858. Report of the Inspector-General of Jails, Madras, 1860-61. Report of the Inspector of Prisons, Fort St. George, 1856-57. General Reports on the Prisons of the Bombay Presidency, for 1857 and 1861. Criminal Circuit Report, Bombay, 1827. Illustrations of the History and Practices of the Thugs. Report on Past Famines in the N. W. Provinces, by C. E. R. Girdle- stone, 1868. Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency, 1868. Instructions to the Indian Navy as to what constitutes the Crime of Piracy. Circular Orders regarding Suttee, 1813. : ‘ Proclamation abolishing Suttee in the Pahlunpoor Jurisdiction. Summary of the Laws and Customs of Hindoo Castes within the Dekhun Provinces subject to the Presidency of Bombay, 1827, Library. 195 | The Mahiwanso, in Roman characters, with the Translation subjoined, and an Introductory Essay on Pali Buddhistical Literature, by the Hon. G. Turnour. Grammar of the Malabar Language, by R. Drummond, 1799. A Murat’hee Grammar, by Dadoba Pandurung Turkhudkur, 1836. Memoirs on the Modes of Dividmg Time, in use among the Natives of Southern India, with comparative Chronologieal Tables of the Tamul, Tellinga, Mahomedan and European years, by Lieut.-Col. J. Warren, 1825. | Veytal Punchaviscey, by Crustnath Cassinathjee. A Vocabulary of the Scindee Language, by Captain J. B. Eastwick. ~ A Synopsis of Science from the stand-point of the Nyaya Philosophy, (Hindi and English). Lectures on the Nyaya Philosophy, embracing the text of the Tarka Sangraha, 1849, and second edition of 1852. _ AGrammar of the Pashtoo or Afghanee Language, by Lieut. Leach, Bo. Eng. A Grammar of the Punjabee language, by Lt. R. Leech, Bo. Eng. bey Glossary of Indian Terms, for the use of the various Departments of - the Government of the E. I. Company, 19 parts. a Oriental Eras, with Chronological Notices of Important Events connect= ed with India and the Hast, by T. MeCudden, ee Grammar of the Language of Burmah, by Lieut. Latter. Grammar of the Gujarati Language, by W. Clarkson. ____ Thesaurus of English and Hindustani Technical Terms, by Capt. H. G. _ Raverty. Dictionary, English and Guzarati, by E.P. Robertson, C. S. (Bo.). The Bagh-o-Bahar, translated into English by W. C. Hollings. 4 Conversations on Chemistry, in English and Guzarati, translated by ' Meherwanjee Hormusjee Mehta. The Orientalist’s Grammatical Vade-Mecum, by A. Faulkner, (2 copies). Grammatica Latmo-Tamulica, by P. C. J. Beschio, Madras, 1818. Campbell’s Teloogoo Dictionary. An Abridgment of Murray’s English Grammar, with Marathi Transla- | Laghu Kaumudi, or Sanskrit Grammar, with English version, Parts I. and ITI. ‘The Principles of Marathi Grammar, by the Rev. J. Stevenson. Bacon’s Novum Organum, Sanskrit and English, Part I. ~ Bacon’s Novum Organum, with Commentary, Fasciculus IT, a Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy, Sanskrit and English, Part I. | x Aphorisms of the Yoga Philosophy, Parts I and II. Sanskrit and ~ English, 196 Labrary. { AuGuST, Aphorisms of the Nyaya Philosophy, Parts I and II. and Books HII — and IV. q Sakuntala, or the Lost Ring, translated into English Prose and Verse, from the Sanskrit of Kalidasa, by Monier Williams, M. A. 7 Index to the Books and Papers on the Physical Geography, Antiquities, : and Statistics of India, by Dr. Buist, 1852. Report on the Circumstances and Resources of the Districts in Guzerat acquired from the Paishwa and Guicowar. | Sketch of the sia in Sind, with proposal for its improvement, — 1855. a Reports of the Juries of the Madras Exhibition of 1857. (Contains | much valuable information on the Indigenous Products of the Madras Presi- dency. Ep.) ’ Report on the Coal and Iron districts of Bengal, by Mr. David Smith. | Practical Treatise on Permanent Bridges, for Indian rivers, by Lt.-Col. ; F. Abbott, C. B., B. E. Report on rants and part of Sind, by Sir J. Malcolm, 1830. Report on Nuzzeranas, Bombay, 1828. Practice of taking Nuzzurs, Bombay, 1827. Report on the Territories conquered from the Peishwa, by the Hon. q Mountstuart Elphinstone, 1838. F Province of Malabar, in the years 1792 and 1793 (re-— printed at Madras, 1862). 4 " Ajmere and Mairwara, by Lieut.-Col. C. G. Dixon, 1853. — Report on the Karen Mountain Tribes, by Col. Phayre, 1859. (BP. P.} 186i.) ; Return of Petitions presented during 1860 for the admission of the q Bible into the Government Colleges and Schools in India. (P. P. 1861.) | Correspondence respecting Relations with Persia. (P. P. 1857.) Statements exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition — of India during the years 1859-60, 1860-61, five parts. 4 Papers relating to the Nizam. (P. P. 1859.) — 7 < Amir Ali Moorad’s Claim. (Coffey’s Petition). (P. PL 1858.) : Correspondence referring to the Duties of the Dewanny of the Provinces of Bengal, Behar and Orissa. (CP Pats 10.) 4 Memorial to the Secretary of State with reference to the admission of | i the Natives of India to the Medical Department of the Army, and Replys 4 thereto. (P. P. 1861.) Correspondence on the subject of the Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, (P. P. 1858.) 4 487 4, Library. 197 ; Correspondence relative to the Annexation of the Berar Territory. _(P. P. 1856.) Report on the Administration of Oude and the Governor-General’s inute thereon, dated 22nd April, 1859. (P. P. 1859.) Papers relating to the Property of the late Nawab of Surat. (P. P. 1857 ) 1a tee, oe os at = Dip igldeas : Amir Ali Moorad’s Case. (P. P. 1858 and 1860.) Pe) | Convention between Her Majesty and the Empéror of the French rela- tive to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Colony of Reunion. a(P. £1160.) | Despatch respecting Coolie Immigration into the Island of Réunion from British India. (P. P. 1863.) | Copy of the Covenants entered into by Members of the East India Civil Service. (P. P. 1861.) : Opinions recorded by the Council of India on the Directions for the h Preparation of a Bill to Confirm certain Appointments in India, and to ‘amend the Law concerning the Civil Service of India, (P. P. 1861.) . Convention between Her Majesty and the Sultan for the Establishment of Telegraphic Communication between India and the Ottoman Territory. mP. P. 1865.) Papers relative to Telegraphic Communication in the Mediterranean, and with India. (P. P. 1860.) > i the intended Transfer of the Falmouth and Gibraltar Cable to a Line from Rangoon to Singapore. (P. P. 1860.) Minutes of Evidence taken before the Select Committee on the Red Sea and India Telegraph Bill. (P. P. 1861.) Reports from India and Laws or Decrees passed respecting the Establish- ment of Telegraphs in India. (P. P. 1855.) An Act for enabling the Commissioners of H. M’s. Treasury to make Arrangements with the Red Sea and Indian Telegraph Company. (P. P. 1862.) : Correspondence on the subject of the Transfer of the Lines and Pro- perty of the Red Sea Company to the Telegraph to India Company. (P. P. 1862). Report on the Expenditure on the Persian Gulf Submarine Telegraph and Land-line to Kurrachee. (P. P. 1870.) Papers relating to the Godavery. (P. P. 1862.) Report of the East India Indigo Commission. (P. P. 1861.) Government of India Despatch to the Secretary of State on the Indigo Commission Report, with Copy of the Report. and Memorials from the Plan- Geers, (P. P. 1861.) 198 Library. [Avausr, | | Memorial of the Indian Landowners’ Association on Indigo Contracts, and the Answer thereto. (P. P. 1861.) Finance and Revenue Accounts of the Government of India, for the — year 1859-60. (P. P. 1861.) Correspondence on the probable Financiai results of the Abolition of Pilgrim Taxes, and other sources of Revenue from Religious Establishments, 1836, | Memoranda on the N. W. Frontier of British India, drawn up by — desire of Sir J. Malcolm, 1880. - Extract from a Report on the District of Babriawar, in Kattywar, 1848. Selected Reports on the Revision of Settlement in the Delhi Territory, © Parts 1 and 2. A Report exhibiting a view of the Fiscal and Judicial system of Administration, introduced into the Conquered Territory above the Ghauts, — by W. Chaplin, 1888. : Selections from the Records of the Madras Government.—No. IIT. Report on the Proposed Abolition of the Madras Mint. No. IV. Report — on the Paumban Channel. No. V. Collective Memorandum on Public ~ Works in the Madras Presidency. ¥ Selections from the Records of the Bengal Government.—No. 5. Papers on the Sikkim Morung, and on Kooch Behar. | Report of the Conservator of Forests, Madras, 1863-64. — | Report onthe Main Drainage of Bombay, by R. Aitkin, dated 21st a December, 1866. } 4 Report on the Experimental Revenue Settlement of certain Villages forming Kownaee Talooka of the Nassick sub-collectorate, 1853. Report on the Badamee and Bagulkote Talookas, Belgaum, 1858. Memoir on the Zillah of Baroche, 1855. Report of the Committee on Prison Discipline, Calcutta, 1838. Annual Report on the Management and Conservancy of the portion.» | of the Oudh Forest lying between the Sardah and Koorially Rivers, 1861-62, — Report upon the Agra Jail Epidemic Cholera of 1861. : : vs General Condition of the Province of Katteewar in 1842, { R Settlement of Zillah Humeerpore, 1842. i a fs Ep Zillah Etawah 18 44. j Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government in the Police | Branch of the Judicial Department, Nos. I and II, 1858. | Report of the Committee of Enquiry on the Colaba Observatory, | 1865. | Selected Minutes by the Hon. M. Elphinstone, in the Militaty — Department, 1820 and 1827. Bombay, 1867. " ~ 1874.] Library. 199. Reports of the Civil Judicial Administration of the Bombay Presidency in 1848, 1851-54, 1862. Survey and Assessment Report of the Poona Collectorate, 1828. Survey Reports on the Purantey, Hursol, Morassa, Bayur, Verangam, and Duskroee Pergunnas, in the Ahmedabad Collectorate, 1827. Report on the Mhairwarra District, 1841. Compilation of Papers selected from the Records of the Government of Bombay, Revenue Department, relating to Artificial Irrigation, 1888. Correspondence of the Inam Commission on the Deccan Surinjams, 1856. Circular Orders of the Revenue Department, Bombay. Two Volumes. Selection of Papers from the Records of the East-India House, Vol. ITI. 1826. Indices to Vols. I, IT, III, of the Selection of Papers from the Records of the East India House. Bombay Mint Assay Report of Mahmoodee and Soojaee Rupees, from the Punjab. ‘5 of four different descriptions of Gold Coins. 4 of Java Guilder pieces. bs of Punjaub Coins and new and old Furruckabad Rupees. % of “ Nasirooddeen Shah Kerans,” from the Persian Gulf, 1862. » of 200 Rupees of different descriptions, from Baroda. Rates at which Company’s or Bombay Rupees are Legal Tender, 1836. Notes regarding Meenas, and other Criminal Classes in the Goorgaon District. Lahore, 1865. Reports of Road and Tank Department (Bombay) for 1844-45, 1845-46, Report on the Judicial Administration, Madras, 1863 and 64. Bombay Public Works Budget, for 1862-63. Compilation of Circular Orders relative to Police matters passed by the Faujdaree Adaulut of Bombay from 1824, to 1852. Circular orders of the Government of Bombay on Police subjects, Vol. I, 18th October, 1852 to 29th June, 1858, and Vol. II, from July, 1853 to 80th Sept. 1855. Report on the Ganges Canal, Vol. III, Plans. Dorjiling, by H. V. Bayley, 1838. History, Antiquities, Topography and Statistics of Kastern India, by Montgomery Martin, Vols. I to III, (Vol. I; 3 copies, Vol. IL; 1 copy and Vol. III; 8 copies). Report onthe Pulni Mountains, to accompany the Series of Sketches by Lt.-Col. Hamilton, 1864. 200 Library. Report on Passages made on the Nerbudda River from Dharee to Mundlaisir, and from Mundlaisir to Broach, by Licuts. Keatinge and Evans, A brief Historical Sketch of the Bheel Tribes inhabiting the Province of Khandesh, by Capt. D. C. Graham, 1843. Translation of M. Gilbert’s Notes on Abyssinia. Reports on the Districts of Midnapore and Cuttack, by H. Ricketts, CS; ) Report on the State and Navigation of the Indus, below Hydrabad, in 1836. On the Course of the River Nerbudda, by Lieut. Col. Ouseley, 1845. Supplement to the Itinerary for Western India, by Captain J. Clunes. Memoir accompanying a Chart of the Upper Indus by Lieut. Grounds, I, N., 1852. Description of the North-East Coast of Australia by Captain King. Australian Navigation—Journal of H. M. Ship Crocodile, from Sydney through Torres Straits. Map of the Hyderabad Collectorate. Survey Map of the Island of Oorum, Chart of the Gulf of Cutch. Map of the Island of Bombay. Map of Abyssinia, 5 sheets. Map of Maritime Arabia. Map of the Poona Collectorate. 5 Dushpore Pergunna, Ahmedabad Collectorate. fie, Tanna Collectorate, s Guzerat. Pa # Scinde, 4 sheets. > Cutch and the Runn. ks Rajputana. Sattara Territory. Cais Map of the Madras Presidency. THE GOVERNMENT OF BoMBAY. Purchase. Pratna Kamra Nandini, Vol. VII, No. IT. Dictionary of the Pali Language, by Robert C. Childers. Part. I. Conchologia Indica, Part 6. The Calcutta Review, July, 1874, Hachange. q Nature, Nos, 240-244. a. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, forR NovemMBER, 1874. is The monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, _ the 4th instant, at 9 o’clock P, M. | , Col. H. Hyde, President, in the chair. ie The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentations were laid on the table— | 1. From the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Depart- _ ment—a set of Photographs of the paintings in the Ajunta Cave Temples. : 2. From Babu Udaychand Dutt, Civil Medical Officer, Noak’hali, a _ skull and some bones of a huge sea fish cast ashore on the Island of Sondip. Mr. Wood-Mason stated that the bones lying on the table were in all _ probability those of a small individual of the whale, Balenoptera indica, of which a gigantic specimen was represented in the Society’s collection by the two rami of a mandible and some other bones. The Indian Museum also possessed an almost perfect skeleton of the same species which had been - obligingly secured for the collection by the Hon’ble Ashley Eden, having - been stranded in the estuary of the Sittang River. The bones now sent in- F cluded the skull less the bones of the face, the basihyal with the ankylosed : ‘thyrohyals, a perfect scapula, a radius and an ulna of opposite sides, some vertebree without epiphyses and some epiphyses without vertebrae, some fragments of ribs, &e. Every fragment of the skeleton of these great marine Mammals was of value, and these bones, their fragmentary condition notwith- standing, would form a valuable addition to the Museum, but it was much to be deplored that the donor did-not sooner make up his mind to forward them, while they were more perfect and more numerous. 3. From Sharif Salim Ahmad Sahib, Bombay—a copy of the Vichar | Sagar, a Sanskrit work on Vedantic philosophy. | 4. From L. Schwendler, Esq.—a copy of his ‘ Instructions for the electrical testing of lines and offices, No. III.’ 202 Geographical Congress at Paris for 1875. [Nov. The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were elected Ordinary Members— A. Constable, Esq. R. Knight, Esq., Calcutta. Babu Bhugobutty Churn Mallik. The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot at the next meeting— Maulawi Khuda Bakhsh Khan Sahib, Pleader, Bankipore, Patna, pro- posed by Mr. H. Blochmann, seconded by Col. H. Hyde. : Babu Ram Das Sen, Zamindar, Berhampore, proposed by Col. H. Hyde, seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann. Captain Protheroe, Dy. Commissioner, Port Blair and Nicobar Islands, proposed by Mr. J. Wood-Mason, seconded by Dr. T. R. Lewis. R. E. Egerton, Esq., Financial Commissioner, Panjab, proposed by Major-General R. Maclagan, seconded by the Hon’ble E. C. Bayley. The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society— ; -Captain EK. Swetenham ; F. R. Mallet, Esq. The President then announced to the meeting that a Geographical Congress would be held in Paris in spring 1875. He said that he had received a letter from the French Consul General, Calcutta, forwarding a prospectus by the promoters of the Congress together with a collection of 123 geographical questions upon which information was — specially solicited. He had ordered a copy of these questions to be kept in the office, should any member wish to see them, and he would now read out the letters. As the Committee of the Congress desired to have the address- es of gentlemen likely to take an interest in the scheme, the Council had proposed the following names—Col. H, Hyde, R. E., President, Asiatic Society ; Col. H. L. Thuillier, C. S. I., Surveyor General of India; Col. J. T. Walker, R. E., Superimtendent of the Great Trigonometrical Survey ; Col. J. E. Gastrell, Superintendent Revenue Survey ; W. T. Blanford, Esq., Geological Survey ; Captain J. Butler, Political Agent, Naga Hills; Col. © E. T. Dalton, C. 8. 1., Commissioner of Chota Nagpore; J. W. Edgar, | Esq., Dy. Commissioner of Darjeeling; Sir T. D. Forsyth, K. C. 8. I, ©. B.; W. Heeley, Esq., C.8.; Captain W. G. Hughes, Dy. Commissioner, { Hill Tracts, Arakan; Dr. W. W. Hunter, Director-General of Statistics; | Dr. J. King, Superintendent, Botanical Gardens, Calcutta ; S; Kurz, Esq., — Curator, Herbarium, Calcutta; Lieut.-Col. W. E. Marshall, Simla; S. BE. | Peal, Esq., Seebsagar, Assam; The Hon’ble Justice J. B. Phear, Calcutta ; Babu Rajendralala Mitra, Calcutta; Dr. D. Brandis, Inspector General | -1874.]} Geographical Congress at Paris for 1875. - 203 of Forests, Calcutta; Dr. W. Schlich, Conservator of Forests ; Comman- der A. D. Taylor; W. Theobald, Esq., Geological Survey ; Capt. W. J. Williams, Garo Hills; Capt. J. Biddulph, A. D. C. to the Viceroy ; Capt. _ W. T. Trotter, R. E., Great Trigonometrical Survey; J. B. Hennesey, Esq.,do. ; Capt. W. J. Heaviside, R. E., do. ; Ney Elias, Esq., British Burma ; = Dr. J. Anderson, Calcutta; Major-General A. Cunningham, C. S. IL, ‘Simla ; Major T. Lewin ; Dr. H. Cayley ; Capt. H. C. Marsh ; R. T. St. John, Esq., British Burma ; Major T. G. Montgomerie ; W, Johnson, Esq., Ladakh. The following were the letters— 1. From the French Consul General, Calcutta, 5th August, 1874. “IT have the honor to forward you a copy of a letter, with enclosures, I have received from the French Geographical Society, through the Ministry for the Foreign Affairs, relating to the International Congress of the geo- graphical sciences to be held in Paris during the spring of the next year. ‘¢ From the letter of the President of the Society, you will see that the Committee of the Congress would be most happy to be assisted in this un- dertaking by the foreign learned Societies as well as by men of science _ and travellers of all countries. I take, therefore, the liberty to ask you whe- ther I might name the Asiatic Society of Bengal for the International _ Honorary Committee. “T shall feel obliged by your suggesting at the same time the names of 4 the travellers to whom I might appeal in this country on behalf of the _ Congress. (Signed) E. Avprsto, Acting Consul General for France.” 2. From the General Secretary, 10, Boulevard Latour-Maubourg, Paris. INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONGRESS. (Translation. ) ‘« The knowledge of our terrestrial dwelling is a science,” said one of our most distinguished geographers, “ with which we are connected by the most intimate ties: few subjects touch upon so numerous and large inter- ests.” ‘And yet like all other sciences, Geography was fora long time the exclusive province of a few scholars. It had no share in the movement which carried mankind towards study, till the taste for scientific researches spread over the world. Governments countenanced its progress, then free associations were successively formed in different places, in order _ to give to the geographical pursuits a quicker impulse. These Societies _ had scarcely been created when they experienced the need of having their separate works collected, at first by a regular correspondence being established, ) SE aaa nee eee es 204 Geographical Congress at Paris for 1875. [Noy. and afterwards, thanks to the easier ways of communication, by inviting to — : discussions all men who devoted themselves to such important problems. ‘This was the object which brought about the Congress held in 1871 at Anvers ; and if the great and legitimate success of this scientific festival was principally due to the enlightened zeal of eminent leaders and to the | eagerness of many adherents, we must also trace it to the exceptional inter- est of the science itself, the field of which is cultivated by many and thus ~ i : proves a common arena for varied researches. ‘This is the way, which the Geographical Society of Paris intends to follow in its turn, encouraged by the very first men who had pointed it out. Strengthened by the support of the President of the Republic and expect- ing to obtain the support of foreign governments, it has decided that a new Geographical Scientific Congress shall be convened in Paris during the spring of the year 1875. ‘To study the earth in its various aspects, its physical constitution, the 4 manifestations of life on its surface; to examine the ways to measure and = represent it and determine its relations to the heavenly bodies ; to re-esta- blish the successive states of our planet at its different epochs and find out on the soil the traces of the history reconstructed by modern erudition; to — try to render the intercourse between nations quicker and easier, and give man, by degrees, the whole habitable surface ; to compare with each other _ methods of teaching and to concentrate the exertions tending to the diffusion and advancement of science ; to act in concert in explorations to be under- | taken ; to state what is certain, discuss what is doubtful, and to find out by a theoretical and practical study of the earth what is not yet known, this is the aim of the Paris Congress. ‘We therefore appeal to geographers who specially devote themselves to this branch of study; to the learned men who in other pursuits require the aid of Geography ; to the travellers who, at the risk of their lives, have widened the horizon of Science and multiplied the roads of trade; to the professors who by their teaching or writings, have contributed to the spread of geographical knowledge; to the engineers who, by their admirable works, have created roads of communication all over the world; to all those at last, and there are many, who take a deep interest in these questions and think it useful to propagate more and more a thoroughly necessary sclence. ‘We invite to this peaceful land men of all countries, knowing | that they will bring with them no other passion but the passion for truth. We shall especially ask the assistance of foreign scientific Socie- ties and request them to send delegates, to name the gentlemen to whom letters of convocation ought to be sent, to point out the questions which might be advantageously put. 3. ¥s eto. a at: 1874. ] _ Alterations of Rules 14, 34d, and 36. 205 ‘The Congress will be followed by an Exhibition of the objects relating to the study of Geography. Rewards will be distributed to the most deserv- ing amongst the exhibitors. ‘This is the whole of the program of the measures which the Geogra- phical Society will take in order to give the movement all the splendour it deserves. The Society, relying on the usefulness of its undertaking and sup- ported by high patronage and by many friends, will devote itself with solici- tude and perseverance to a work. of enlightenment and peace. (Signed) Baron pE La ROoNcIERE- ie-Novry, Vice- Admiral, President, Geographical Society, Paris. DELESSE, INGENIEUR EN CHEF DES MINES, President, Central Commission. Mavnois, General Secretary, Geographical Society. Baron R. REILixeE, Commissaire Général du Congres. Paris, 28th March, 1874. The President then said—At the General Meeting of the Society in April last, the Council recommended for the consideration of Members cer- tain alterations in Rules 14, 34d, and 36, of the Bye-Laws of the Society. The usual voting papers had been sent to all Non-Resident Members, of whom fifty-one had forwarded their votes to the Secretary. It was the business of this evening to take the votes of the Members present. He would order the Secretary to distribute the voting papers, and read out in the meantime the rules as they had hitherto stood and the amended rules as proposed by the Council. I, Present Rule, Proposed Rule. Sec. 144. Im the event of an Ordi- Sec. 144A. In the event of an Ordi- el aay nary Member leav- : nary Member leav- essation of Mem- ing India, and in the essation of Mem- ing India, andin th bership on quitting -. | bershi Pius td NGL a “ig d a oe event of his india a ai further event of his earring. informing the Se- Proviso. informing the Se- cretary by letter cretary by letter that he has no intention of returning, but | that he has no intention of returning, but desires to retain his privileges as an Ordi- | desires to retain his privileges as an Ordi- nary Member, his subscription shall be | nary Member, his subscription shall be 12 rupees per annum, commutable into a | 16 rupees per amum, commutable into a Single payment of Rs. 100: provided that | single payment of Rs. 150: provided that if any such Member shall thereafter return | if any such Member shall thereafter return to India, he shall thereupon become liable | to India, he shall thereupon become liable to pay his original subscription, subject to | to pay his original subscription, subject to 206 the operation of Rule 10 B. Present Rule. Sec. 34(d). The President, or, in his absence, one of the Vice-Presidents, shall take the Chair. If neither the President, nor one of the Vice-Presidents, be present within fifteen minutes after the hour ap- pointed for the Meeting, the Members pre- sent shall elect a Chairman. Opening of the Society’s Library in the Morning. [Nov. — the operation of Rule 10 B., and provided that Members who are at present paying Rs. 12 per annum, or who shall have paid Rs. 100 as composition, shall not be called on to pay the higher rates. Proposed Rule. Sec. 34 (d). The President, or, in his absence, one of the Vice-Presidents, shall take the Chair, or in their absence the Senior Member of the Council. If neither the President, nor one of the Vice-Presi- dents, nor a Member of the Council, be present within fifteen minutes after the hour appointed for the Meeting, the Mem- bers present shall elect a Chairman. III. That the following Rule be added after Rule 36. 386A. “With reference to the provisions of Act XVII. of 1866 (The Indian Museum Act), Section 3, the Trustees of the Indian Museum on the part of the Society shall be nominated from among the members of the Council, with the proviso that on vacation of their seats in the Council they shall resign their Trusteeships.” Messrs. D. Waldie and E. Gay, at the request of the President, collected the voting papers and acted as Scrutineers. The Scrutineers then gave the results to the President, who announced, in accordance with the Society’s Bye-Laws which require a majority of three-fourths in case Rules are altered,— First, that the proposed alteration of Sec. 14 A. was noé carried. Secondly, that the proposed alteration of Sec. 384 (d) and the addition to Sec. 86 were carried. The President then said, he wished to remind the members of the facility which the Council had afforded them of visiting the Library of the Society on Friday mornings at 7 a. M. The time of opening had been altered in consequence of a request made by several members, who had no leisure to consult the Library in the course of the day. Very few members, however, in fact only four, had since June last availed themselves of the early opening. The arrangement was productive of a small outlay; but the Council had at present no wish to do away with it, at least not during the eold season, and he thought it would be well, again to draw the attention of the members to the convenience that was afforded them of consulting the Library once a week in the morning. The President also announced on the part of the Council that during the absence of Capt. J. Waterhouse and Col. Gastrell, Mr. H. Blochmann Se rere 1874: ] Discovery of a Copper plate at Chittagong. 207 would act as General Secretary and as Treasurer of the Society, in addition - to his duties as Philological Secretary. Also, that they had appointed Babu Gopal Chandr Dutt as First Cler« of the Secretary’s Office, on Rs. 60 a month; and that Ydsuf Ali, Store- keeper, had been dismissed. The Secretary laid before the Meeting a Copper plate, presented to the Society by Mr. A. L. Clay, C.S. “Mr. Clay states that the plate was found at the time of re-digging a pond in Nasirabad, a village on the south-east corner of the town of Chitta- gong. The pond formerly belonged to the Bhats of the village ; but it now belongs toa Muhammadan. The plate is a grant of land made in 1165 Saka, or 1243 A. D., by Raja Damudar Deb, son of Basti Deb, son of Madhusudan Deb, son of Purushot- tam, of Tripura (‘Tiparah). Mr. Blochmann said that the plate was of great interest as it shewed that Chittagong (Chatgdon) belonged in the beginning of the 13th century, when the Muhammadans had just conquered Bengal, to the Maharajas of 4 Tiparah. The plate mentions the names of four of them. They are, however, not given by Rev. J. Long in his short Analysis of Raj-Mala, a poem which contains the family history of the Maharajas (Journal, Vol. XIX, for 1858.) The plate had been made over to Babu Prannath Pandit, member of the Society, who had read and translated it. A facsimile of the plate and the Babu’s remarks on it would be published in the fourth number of the Journal, Part I, for 1874, The thanks of the Society were due to Mr. Clay for his interesting presentation. The President exhibited one gold and two silver coins belonging to himself. Mr. Blochmann said that the first coin, a small thick silver piece, not much larger than a two-anna piece, contained on one side the words wlhlio gle dab) oy sled goes” Mahmid Shéh ibn Latif Shah, the king, The reverse was too much cut away. The coin is a Gujarati coin. Mah- mud Shah, III., son of Latif Khan, son of Muzaffar Shah, reigned from A. D. 1537 to 1558 ; vide Thomas, Chronicles, pp. 351 to 353. The second was a small square Kashmir silver coin. OBVERSE— lhl Oziled Xe=” Muhammad Huméyin Sultan. REVERSE— = yee” w 2x0 Struck at Kashmir, The year is effaced. It is curious that the letters of the reverse are inverted, but they are easily made out by holding the coin before a looking- glass. 208 _ Exhibition of coins and of a rare MS. [Nov. The third coin was a posthumous gold coin, containing the name of Ahmad. Shah of Dihli. The obverse, as usual in the coinage of the 18th 2 | century, forms a distich (metre, long Ramal\— =| gles G gsrlo ca! stb» eae! wy) dKwe gla ls deals WE yold 3 Sao pha The Almighty who has no equal gave Ahmad Shah the order to coin silver and gold from the Fish [upon which the earth stands] to the Moon. REVERSE—||© di Cpigtlomtgne Cwglo Peay sto Syd Struck at the capital [Shahjahénabad], in the 14th year of the auspicious accession. The coin is not rare, but curious, inasmuch as it was struck when Ahmad Shah was no longer reigning emperor. Ahmad Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, succeeded his father on the 2nd Jumada I, 1161, or 19th April, 1748* ; he was deposed by Imad ul- @ Mulk in the end of Jumada II, 1167, or beginning of 1754; was blinded by him on 10th Sha’ban, 1167, or 2nd June, 1754; and died in prison on — 2nd Sha’ban, 1188, or 25th May, 1774, Ahmad Shah, therefore, only | reigned six years, : The 14th year, therefore, would commence on the 2nd Jumada II, 1174; andthe 11th year, which some coins have, on the 2nd Jumada II, 1171. But specimens in the possession of Mr. Delmerick have not only the 11th and 14th years on the reverse, but also the years 1170 and 1173 respectively on the obverse; andas the accession of Ahmad Shah Durrani took place in 1160, Nadir Shah having been killed in Jumada I, 1160, the lth and 14th years of the Durrani’s reign would correspond to 1170 and 1173. It looks, therefore, as if the coinage of Ahmad Shah of Dihli was revived during Ahmad Shah Durrani’s stay in India in 1170 and 1173-74, the names of both kings and the month of their accessions being the same. The commencements of their reigns differed by exactly one year. In 1170, Ahmad Shah Durrani married the daughter of the late Mu- hammad Shah ; he was, therefore, brother-in-law to the blind Ahmad Shah of Dibli. é Mr. Blochmann exhibited a Persian MS., belonging to him, containing a ‘Collection of Choice Poems.’ The MS. is beautifully written and richly ornamented. It was the property of the Prince Khurram [Shahjahan], who at the age of fourteen entered on the fly leaf of the MS. the following remark— * In Prinsep’s ‘ Useful Tables’ by Thomas, pp. 198 and 199, there are, four mistakes well worth correcting :— 1026 A. H. commences on 30th Decr. 1616, not 1617. 1060 A. H. commences on 25th Decr. 1649, not 1650. 1127 A. H. commences on 27th Decr. 1714, not 1715. 1161 A. H. commences on 22nd Decr. 1747, not 1748, z 1874.] Inscriptions from Agrah. 209 = cou 9 ost?! At wr pare} Kita 5 JAty Pepe kde Js! Sine ST est | # p&LS oy eo BOA! Sy ym Shad sly a5 wy? slash Silen ' The 5th A’zar of the first year of the reign, in A. H. 1014 [A. D. 1605]. Belonging to the library of his august majesty, the shadow of God, Niruddin Jahangir Pa- dishah, son of Akbar Padishah. Written with his own hand by Khurram, son of Jahangir, The autograph, curious to say, bears the same date as Jahangir’s avto- graph, published in Journal, A. S. Bengal, 1870, Pl. XIII, and p. 271, and Proceedings for July 1869, p. 190. It is, therefore, clear that both auto- graphs were written by Jahangir and Prince Khurram on the same day when inspecting the Library, and thus prove each other’s genuineness, . It is a pity that the MS. does not give the name of the Adizb. Mr. Blochmann laid before the meeting translations of the following inscriptions from Agrah, Sikandrah, and Narnaul, in continuation of the inscriptions published by him in the Proceedings of the Society for August last. A’grah. The following inscription is taken from the Dihli Gate of the Agrah Fort. Mr. Keene says that it is found in the ground floor chamber to the right of the Dihli Gate. The prose portion on the top is incomplete, some of@he letters being broken, and refers to Akbar’s march to Khandesh and his&return to A’grah.* The poetical portion below contains a tarikh | by the poet Muhammad Ma’cim Nami, of Bhakkar,f on Jahangir’s acces- si ion in 1014, A. H., or A. D. 1605. The text of the inscription I have taken from the “Transactions of the ieee ae ee Society of Agra,” 4 ‘ glad yl, St Oe=? Ctr} ila aly diene S105 xlasold ww bye 3909 Silat Usp pepe Siw yoy spas ie , Kags food Kee yg * Ace ste 35T ISLS we A z ly > ot old Andy j ee * 3 y% enh ? Usle dy g ws ole xla ty) wlo,s : ail elo—* toly as eer bliss jf Sls ss) ol Sy gley Surg bss 3 es 5-9 Lo co whe ox « ° Cparegha flor oF el BS Lewo| gc ¥ bo aS wl—_¢> gla glass whys ob % wend 3 35 ot hy Can rp 99 Us-0 4 She} cout AOR Oo eS!) 9 di Be His Majesty, the Emperor, a Jém in dignity, with whom royalty takes refuge, the _ shadow of God, Jal4luddin Muhammad Akbar Padishah, set out in O08 ..... . and arrived in 1010 in Agrah. * Like the Fathptir Sikri Inscription in the Proceedings for August, p, 175, ~ Ain Translation, pp. 514, 515. { Mr. Carlleyle’s reading in Vol. IV. of General Cunningham’s Archeological Report (p. 114) makes no sense. General Cunningham’s footnote (loc. ciét., p. 115) is undoubtedly correct: Nami had been dead for some time when Shahjahan succeeded to the throne. 210 Inscriptions from Agrah, [Nov. 1. When the king of the world took his seat on the throne of distinction, the throne thus exalted placed its foot on the revolving sphere. 2. And the ancient heaven from joy extended the hand of benediction, and said, € May thy rule be royal for ever !’ 3. Nami wished to write down the date of his accession, his lips being at the same time full of praise and blessing ; 4. Its Alif pierced the two eyes of envy, and he said “ May our king Jahangir be the king of the world!’ 1015—1 — 1014, A. H. S Its Alif, 2. e., the Alif of the tarikh, pierces the eyes of envy, 2. e., of e critics ; hence critics cannot see that the tdrékh contains a superfluous alif, or 1. On adding up, therefore, we get 1015—1 = 1014.* Jaha’ngi’r’s Black ‘“‘ Marble” Throne in the A’grah Fort. This large marble slab, which is 10 ft. 7 in. long, 9 ft. 10 in. broad, — and 6 in. thick, lies at present in Shah Jahan’s palace (the Diwan i Khag) in the fort of Agrah. It has often been seen and described by travellers (vide Mr. Keene’s ‘ Hand-book for Visitors to Agra,’ 1874,p.19). The stone is a historical record of Jahangir’s rebellion against his father. While \ Akbar was in Khandesh, Shah Salim (as Jahangir was called as prince) proclaimed himself emperor at [lahabad, and it was there in 1011, that he — gave orders to have the stone cut. From [lahabad it was subsequently, a | at Jahangir’s request, brought to Agrah, as will be seen from the following z passage from the Tuzwk ¢ Jahangirt (p. 85, Sayyid Ahmad’s edition) :— ‘ “ Daulat Khan [a eunuch, who afterwards was Faujdar of Ilahabad and | SirkAér Jaunpirj, whom I had some time ago sent to [lahabad to fetch the _ black stone throne, arrived on Wednesday, 4th Mihr, 1019 [ August, 1610] with the stone all safe and uninjured. It is, indeed, a fine slab of stone, very black, and very shining. Many believe that it a kind of touchstone (sang @ — mihak). Itis 84 ells (ara) long, and 23 dara’ [83 ?] 15 tasa broad, . and its thickness is 8 tast.f I ordered clever stone-cutters to engrave a * This idea is not new. Thus the ¢darékh of the birth of the Emperor Humayéin given in the Akbarnamah, is (metre, short Ramal)— fos PLEX) aly Sty WCrnusd igs 9) 40 lw yoy prance 90 U0 eas Pst Bj a} Shy cl Soy? The year of his august (humayin) birth lies in the words ‘May God Almighty : increase thy worth (914 A. H.]; but I have removed an Alif from the tdrikh, in v order to blind with it the evil eye. This gives 913 A, H. Humaydn was born on Monday night, 4th Zi Qa’dah, 913. The letter Alif looks like a needle. + Assuming Mr. Carlleyle’s measurements to be correct (Archeological Report, IV, E: 132), we would have to alter the breadth, 23 dara’ 14 tast#, given in the Tuzuk, to i darw 1% tasté. In that case we have— 3 tas in Tuzuk = 6 inch. measured by Mr. Carlleyle. or 1 ¢as% = 2 inches. es | 1874] | Inscriptions from Agrah. 211 upon the sides suitable verses. They have also made feet for it of the same kind of stone. I sit very often on it.” The text of the inscription on the stone is taken from Mr. Beale’s Miftéh uttawdrikh (p. 207), as it agrees with the text in the Transactions of the Archeological Society of Agra, 1874. “The stone is at present eracked in two—the cause of the fissure is unknown.” (Metre, khaftf) pe y22 poe 9Stigs wing # ojl—oe &y aS ld ol—y pis wStor xf 48 x ko—iA59 mde et odl pre sp be bao wt » Bho Sl 2 wfyy—md Cle” ety 3° 39> ls t. cso * §d—UG jo—s Jivo Usa s Jo pasa pstos 3 pions dO & coe _»—S9 & of Dae 3 pales gla ay dle VS » Qrof O— Aw) fe. s\Zix? Als G 1, (He is) a king whose sword cuts the head of the enemy into two halves like the Gemini. a 2. May this auspicious throne be a seat (pr. a place to lean on) for the generous k ki ne’, _ 3, A touchstone for the grandees (who form) the basis of the ae and a test for the sun and the moon upon gold and silver.* 2 4. It is like a shining moon in the darkness of night; a priceless pearl like a Sun a gem.f and 32 dara’ in Tuzuk = 127% inch. measured by Mr. Carlleyle = 63¢ tasu. “. 1 dara’ = 1614 tasd, = 163 tast nearly. = 33 inch. nearly and again 35 inks 13 ¢as% = 118 inch. measured by Mr. Carlleyle = 59 tas. . 1 darw = 163 tas. = 33 inch. nearly. But that 1 fas% — 2 inch. seems improbable from other measurements, and I do not think that the measurements as given in Sayyid Ahmad’s edition of the Tuzuk are cor- rect, unless indeed 1 dara’ = 1 ildhi gaz. Vide also Tuzuk, p, 234. _ * The metre shews that we have to read mulk, kingdom, and not malak, angels, as ranslated by Mr. Carlleyle and in the Agra Transactions. ‘A test for the sun and the moon upon gold and silver,’ means a test for gold and silver, in allusion to Jahangir’s pinion that the stone was a kind of touchstone ( kasautt). The stone is called ‘‘a _ proved, in the eyes of the rebellious Shah Salim, their faithfulness. “ ' __—‘« ¥ Mr. Carlleyle, who has not seen where the inscription commences, read this distich— ead Jo 39> lero p95 bud 3 ir) 4 Cw ly dhwnsd A clean seat from its light and brilliancy, a priceless jewel like a unique pearl. which i is metrically correct, 212 Inscriptions from A’grah. [Nov, — 5. I was lost in thought searching for a tdrikh for it, seeking help from God, the Judge 6. And it (my thought) said, ‘ As long as the heaven is the throne of the sun, the throne of Shah Salim shall remain.’ The tarikh lies in the words ménad sarir i Shah Salim, which give — . 1011, or 1602, A. D., when Salim was in [lahabad. The above five distichs run round the whole four sides of the thickness — of the stone; but they are separated by two hemistichs in the Mujtags metre, one in the centre of the north face and the other in the centre of the — south face— BLE St aplae wlll eae pipe # SU peo yo) 5 yeh ol) Atined May the throne of his Majesty Sultan Salim, son of Akbar Shah, be for ever illuminated by the light of God’s sun. When the stone was subsequently brought to Agrah, Jahangir, per- haps ashamed of his rebellion, put the following distichs on the right and left pedestals (metre, Muzarv’)— CT cohaS cams g Crmniis we Ha Gh pes aly rates BL 9 why) GI elas yy) She etd 9p Sle CAS lve pw od 1. When Shab Salim, as heir to the throne and the signet, sat on the throne — under the rejoicings of the world,* 2. His name, auspicious like his nature, became Jahangir, and his title from the light of his justice became ‘the light of the faith’ [| Nuruddin]. Mr. Carlleyle (Arch. Report IV, p. 185) says—“ A hitherto unobserv- ed portion of the inscription on this black ‘ marble’ throne occurs in smaller letters below the inscription on the eastern side facing the river, It appears never to have been noticed hitherto, except by the Rev. Mr, Tribe, when ~ chaplain of Agra, and by myself, and is engraved in the stone, while them rest of the inscription round the sides of the throne is in raised letters.” Mr. ae reads— RGA ee ss The illustrious} name before the accession (was) Shah Salim, and after it a Ntiruddin Muhammad Jahangir Padishah i Ghazi. Bt Below it stands a distich, of which the second hemistich is in the Ma tags metre ; but Mr, Carlleyle’s first hemistich makes no sense and has no — metre— a Bl sa5St ett Glas std _sayeo x At aha ge (4) US jb a3 0 oily : * Mr. Carlleyle and the Agra Transactions translate “sat on the throne and ad- ~ ministered laws tothe world”; but din bastan means ‘to adorn a town at the time of | public rejoicings.’ | ¢ Nami, adj., illustrious, ee et fe A i i j oe _ - Se ee ee = 1874.) Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah. 213 The Hauz i Jaha/ngi’ri’ in A’grah. A description of Jahangir’s hauz, or circular cistern, will be found in Arch. Report IV, p. 185. It is hewn out of one single stone, and is nearly five feet high, and 25 feet in circumference at the top. Mr. Beale _ writes regarding it as follows—“ When I came to Agrah in 1848, this basin, or cup, or bath, called Haug i Jahdngiri, lay inside the fort of Agrah, and remained there till 1862, when it was removed to the Public Garden at Agrah, where it still remains. The Persian insgription round the edge consisted of five distichs, but most of the letters had fallen off. I only made out two with the greatest difficulty, and fortunately took a copy of ‘them in 1848.* It appears from them that the Hauz was put up in 1019, ‘or A, D 1610. | The ¢artkh is very fine (metre, long Hazaj)— (572095 J OB gf _yAI05 5! bS Ddlatind oto * Bld aS} ott hile glad ory She glis 1. The refuge of the realm of faith, the world taking (jahkdn-gir) king, son of Akbar _ Shah, (is) a king, through whose wisdom all affairs are settled. 2. When people asked the prophet Khizr for its date, genius said, ‘Zamzam from _ shame hid itself from the Hauz i Jahangiri.’} A. H. 1019. Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah. | Sikandrah, or Bihishtabad, where Akbar lies buried, is too well known to need description (vide Mr. Keene’s Agra Hand-book, p. 49), _ The following passage from the Zuzuk (p. 72), however, may be new to ~ many. Jahangir says— *» ‘On Monday, 17th Rajab 1017 [17th Octr. 1608], I went on foot ona _ pilgrimage to the Mausoleum of his late majesty. If possible, I would walk = on my head and (sweep the road) with my eyebrows ; for my august father walked, in order to obtain an heir, viz., me, on foot from Fathptr to Ajmir, a distance of 120 kos, in order to pray at the tomb of Khwajah Mu’in- —uddin i Sijizif i Chishti. Hence, if I walk to my father’s tomb, I shall _ after all not have done much. When I entered, I saw no building over the __ tomb such as I would approve of; for I had expected to see an edifice which Bs travellers would pronounce to be unrivalled in the world. But whilst the | *, <, é ’ * Vide Miftah uttawarikh, p, 220. They are no longer legible now. E: + Zamzam is the name of the holy well near the Ka’bah in Makkah. To get the tarikh, we have to subtract ‘zamzam,’ or 94, from hauzi jahdngtrt, or 1113. The subtraction is cleverly indicated by the phrase ‘ hid itself from the Hauz.’ The prophet Khizr (Elias) still lives, wandering about in the world and doing good, and especially giving the thirsty water to drink. tf J. e. from Sijistan, in which the village of Chisht lies. Sayyid Ahmad has ~ Sanjaré for Sijizé. This reading—the shifting of a dot—is very common in inferior MSS. 214 Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah. [Nov. * , building was being erected, Prince Khusrau rebelled, and I was obliged to go to Lahor. The architects in the meantime went on building after their taste. Afterwards, various sums had to be expended, till the whole amount estimated for had been spent. They had been three or four years at work, when I ordered clever architects, who were assisted by experienced people, to build up several parts as I had before directed. Gradually a noble edifice arose, and a splendid garden was laid out round about the mausoleum, Gates of great height, with minarets of polished (pardakhtah) white marble were also made. In all, 15 lacs of Rupees, 2. e. 50,000 tomans as current in Persia, or 45 lacs Khanis, as current in Taran, were spent on the building. People called the building after me.’ Mirza Aflatan, son of Mirza Yusuf Khan, was for some time Mutawalli of Akbar’s tomb. He died at Sikandrah.* Akbar’s tomb, as is well known, is in a vault below the ground floor, and bears no inscription.t “The mortuary hall is nearly 388 feet square, and is surrounded by other chambers of smaller size containing tombs of less distinguished members of the Imperial family.” Mr. Bealef mentions the tombs of Aram Bant and Shukrunnisa Begam, both daughters of the emperor ; but there are several others without name. Near Shukrunnisa’s tomb is the tomb of Sulaiman Shikoh, son of Shah ’Alam Pédishah, who died in A. H. (12538 (4th February, 1888). The marble enclosure on the top of the building contains the jawdb of Akbar’s tomb, made of single marble block, with the words Allahu Akbar and jalla jalaluhu inscribed on the head and foot, and round about it are the “ninety-nine beautiful names of God” (asma i husnd). The inscription on the walls of the enclosure§ makes no mention of the Prophet, and thus harmonizes with Akbar’s religious views, whilst it at the same time com- pletely refutes the story of Akbar’s “ conversion on the deathbed,” It cons | | sists of 386 distichs (metre, AZutaqgarib)— ome: oy J yh-0 nts KS % eos She glad obs O99 JOS pp bo gf td og) % d9-—B9 [EST pas jf ws eo Sl 6 Sf “oO ° Sy le _y%95 foijtyb x SE 9 Of te FH * Nin Translation, I, 347. + Vide Keene’s Agra Hand-book, p. 49. + Miftah, p. 211. § The common story is, that the inscription is taken from a poem composed by Shaikh Faizi and Abulfazl. The translation will show that this is impossible; besides Faizi died ten years, and Abulfazl three years, before Akbar. 1874. ] . Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah. d103 9 9 whiy oS See oust Sit VO 5 alle ao det 39 EY 5 FARES a IF) ond ylhyy Yor jt a as” oes Ord Pad o3 538 xe b costo 8 . 4 . F . oO sy Moye 1S Sale oy! # Fig) 10 Coir’ Gh Jats Kaleo osT past al das * J boey grande 5 93 19 9 Od} rm SII tS gf rd? 95S ye remind ied BLY 9} sth BSS alent? Be2x0% ¥ By5 2 Gt Ge? QL Saole jobs OB 259 @ SIE Coy Bd oS yt peas oo & ce isldd gett Cols « ct Sho aha Slay asyS sles dle} bay Sd20)! gm % Bd cuss 6H, gf alF jo Oli jh REPS Joye Fo vier HLT oS 9 ube opp loke Gupta SS # U9) (S59) 4S OT HAI o ya) Secs 3 SP oS ome « Slo EY 5 et 90 Gia& wy wrye Dokrotre # OS WH oF obT Jor jee MS, oT elle crt Sel Cot % Jo acaa O40y pe oy) &S roa lates CS LF a prin W ptom jf po 9 =” BW 42 O25 py sys Y AF x soo p10 BAT, oral pp dno clay dos er Jo eis wh! * el pw eon ON Lo cana} lic BESS Bila SiS e credo ls Te 8S syd Se error Tolay fa # LS ole & joty! ost ole Jos wre oF store rss « US uber 0 2 529 ds vlos'> pls coy O8 Oly & OEE GH srt ys 5) 3) olf cpos els 3! @ ob ole G>_) Khsed ly) 216 Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah. (Nov. 1. In the name of the King of kings, the ruler of eternity, whose being is exempt from non-existence ! . 2. All kings on earth hold crown and throne and signet from Him. 3. Out of non-existence He produces existence; His nature reveals justice and generosity. 4. Great and small, in consequence of His goodness, are solicitous of His bounty; His throne is tlte cynosure of the elect and the people. 5. He designed the essence of water and of earth ; he created the pure, nature of | the soul. 6. He created two worlds in His eternal kindness; one He concealed and the other He showed. 7. At the same time He bestowed the transitory world upon kings* together with the crown, the royal cap, and the treasury, 8. So that through their justice flourishing ages might surpass the bloom of a gar- — den in spring ; 9. And, whilst choosing the path of justice, they might look upon strangersas upon — themselves. ; 10. 33,5 » _qhidld ay) oe deh Oot SS ly> 9 ary 9 ey # oy? we! 9 nd! Sodj gy ROOTS ES IRS) ys wol> ge dfy 367 we» ws) Jo dies thy 1 8,5 WT ye SES 65 p= ole las BI} p55 Joly BOdjgy—9 hoy OAS yA 1 oe ely) 1. During the rule of the illustrious king—may his kingdom never wane !— 2. The world was so adorned, that the thoughts of the wise were confounded. * Akbar, who liked Sa’di’s Gulistan. Ain Translation, Vol. I, 103. 218 Akbur's: Tomb ab Sabandrak: [Nov. 3. A king, by the eternal will of God, is in this world the shadow of the light of — God’s being. 4. When that shadow disappears from the world, another shadow falls on the world. — 5. In this way, in the opinion of the wise, will ages revolve till the end of all things. 6. The world changes every moment, and remains for no one unchanged. 7, When the divine Shah Akbar, who is now in the highest heaven and whose — terror changed rocks to chaff, 8. Sat upon the throne of royalty, the glory of God’s shadow surrounded the earth. 9. He conferred lustre upon crown and throne; he was generous, merciful, and successful. 10. He was clear-sighted and wise : he enjoyed and gave away, he conquered and — left the world. . 11. He sowed the seed of goodness in the garden of the world, and reaped the fruit of it in the gardens of paradise. | 12. May his soul shine like the rays of the sun and moon in the light of God! The following three verses are on the northern side of the gate (metre, — | Khafiy)— com Sty G col—soy Yo * whi! Shi L at GAUy9 ccrmntid bid GLAST 29 HH) © Bye silb ap) 9 hay Ere 1, Shah Akbar inhis wisdom washed his hands of the transitory world. 2. His power remained unchanged, because he did not cling to this changeable — world. a 3. As his spirit was a bird of the highest heaven, it went away and returned toits nest. | On the front of the entrance facing the north, Mr. Beale found the — following inscription* in Nasta’liq characters (metre, AZuzdri’)\— ae a eee - raf ASI gla By ge kudy) Sh owl yg ad 2 9 Ss «3 wY} GS Eyet 1, This is a portico which is higher than the portico of the ninth heaven ; its shadow 4 | illuminates the face of the shining star. -| 2. This portico is the ornament of the nine heavens and the seven climes : it is the “4 ; shining Mausoleum of Shah Akbar. . j Mr. Keene mentions that Sikandrah was completed in the 7th year of 4 Jahangir’s reign, or A. D, 1612-16. i 4 * Mr. Beale says (Miftah, p. 209), “ The inscription has never been read, because it is so high.” He gives, however, the first verse. Mr. Keene says—“ On the frieze round the great gateway are other poetical inscriptions in the Persian language, setting forth the praises of the monarch and the mausoleum.” The writing, according to Mr. Keene, is by a calligrapher of the name of ’Abdul Haq Shirazi, 1874.) Inscriptions from the neighbourhood of A’grah. 219 e Kachpu’rwa’, near Agrah. i In the village of Kachparwa ( ty)92 age ), about a mile from the Rau- _ zah of I’tim4d uddaulah, towards the east, on ite left bank of the Jamuna, a dilapidated Masjid stands, which was built “ by order of the emperor Huma- _ yan” at the expense of the historian Shaikh Zainuddin of Khawaf,* Cadr of _ the empire and one of Babar’s literary friends. The-inscription is of interest | as it belongs to the first year of Humaydn’s reign, as he ascended the throne _ on the 6th Jumada L., 937. » : Ad ° £ way By? o9t HyF Oly SF we Wyld doe? Ey Kops Sd Wgree elie” ured kos Far) * ., Mew wl olest eu 1. The king of the domain of faith (is) Muhammad Humay ain, the basis of _ whose worth is the vortex 6f the revolving heaven. 2, At his highcommand and exalted decree, this auspicious floor and roof were made. | __-8.._ As date of the completion of this house...fone word illegible], ‘The king of the domain of faith Muhammad Humaytn.’ A, H. 937 (A. D. 1531.) The writer and composer is Sahab-ulhadi. A second inscription is on the left hand wall (Rwbda’¢ metre)— pstla! 2 Caw! ge a % ei JSS wre dy? te vl ee Bed!) 5 Ave WS ly ith dau Sit duly ae 1. This religious edifice is pure like the heart of a Safi. To deny its purity were injustice. 2. As it was completed at the expense of Zain of Kh4f, its date lies in the words ‘ at the expense of Zain the Khafi.’ _ Pardoned may be he who remembers a words illegible). The composer and ‘writer is Sahab. A description of this mosque and a plan will be found in the Arch. Report, IV, p. 100 and Pl. xu.f Zainuddin of Kha4f, or Khawaf, is mentioned in the following extract from Akbarnamah (Lucknow edition, I, p. 147) — * The meaning of the word ys*~ clearly shews this. Regarding the town of Kha- waf, or Khaf, vide Ain Translation, 1, 445. . _ + Mr. Carlleyle’s reading of the inscription makes no sense, I have, therefore, given Mr. Beale’s reading, Mr. Carlleyle has not recognized in |, the name of the builder, and instead of reading Zain [uddin], he reads zim, ‘by this’ and translates ‘ mai by : going.’ 220 Shaikh Zain, the historian of Bébar’s reign. [ Nov. ‘‘Of the men of learning whom his late Majesty, the emperor Babar, honored with his personal friendship, were the following—(1) Mir Abul Baqa, who reached a high degree of knowledge in philology and philosophy, (2) Shaikh Zain Qadr, great-grandson of Shaikh Zainuddin Kha- _ wafi,* who was well up in science, a smart critic, acquainted with poetry and prose writing. He was always in the emperor’s company, and was ; raised by the emperor Humaydn to the rank of Amir. (8) Abul Wajid, — poetically styled ‘ Farighi,’ the maternal uncle (4h4/) of Shaikh Zain, an e agreeable and humorous companion, fond of making verses. .(4) Sultan ad Muhammad Kosah (‘the bald’), witty, and well acquainted with poetry, | who had been a companion of the renowned Mir ’Ali Sher. (5) Maul4na — Shihab, the riddle writer, poetically styled ‘ Haqiri,’ well acquainted with — science, and no mean poet. (6) Maulana Yusuf Tabib, whom the emperor — called from Khurasan, an excellent man. (7) Surkh Widai Kuhnah, a little known poet, who wrote poems in Turkish and Persian. (8) Mulla — Baqai, a distinguished poet, who wrote in honor of Babar a Masgnawi © in the metre in which Nizami had written his ‘ Makhzan.’ (9) Khwajah ~ Nizamuddin ’Ali Khalifah,s a wise counsellor and faithful friend, : well acquainted with medicine. (10) Mir Darwish Muhammad Sar- ban, the pupil and favourite of Nagiruddin Khwajah Ahrar, a much-liked com- panion and confidant of the emperor. (11) Khwand Mir, the historian, learned and agreeable, and famous for his historical works, as the ‘ Habib _ ussiyar,’ the‘ Khulagat ul-Akhbar,’ the‘ Dastar ul-Wuzara,’ &c. (12) Khwa- jah Kalan Beg, a great Amir and friend of the emperor, a man of great tact and eminent acquirements. His brother Kichak Khwajah was holder of the signet and a confidant of the emperor. (18) Sultan Muhammad, of the Duldai clan, a great Amir and a pleasant companion.” | Of greater importance is the following passage which I translate | from Badaoni (I, p. 471) :— | “ Another (man of renown) was Wafai, the nom-de-plume of the well- — known Shaikh Zainuddin Khafi, who held the post of Cadr under Babar. He built a Mosque in A’grah and a Madrasah, which lie on the other side of the Jamuna. He was a talented man, and eminent in riddles, history, | extemporaneous verse making, in poetry, all other minor branches of poetry | . and prose, and in letter writing. * * * * He wrote a history on the con- | quest of Hindastan (by Babar) and the extraordinary circumstances that — accompanied it. He displays in it his power over the language. He died | in the neighbourhood of Chanar in 940 [A. D. 1533-384], and was buried in ~ the Madrasah he had built.” The History written by Zainuddin Khafi is mentioned by Prof. Dowall | in Elliot’s Historians, No. V, pp. 288 to 292. Baddoni’s remark proves | * Regarding him vide A’in Translation, I, p, 592”. “y | Vide A’in Translation, Vol, I, p. 420, k 1874. ] Inscriptions from the neighbourhood of A’grah. 221 _ the correctness of Prof. Dowson’s identification and supplies the biographi- eal particulars which were wanting in Elliot’s MS. Neither Mr. Beale nor Mr. Carlleyle mentions Zain’s Madrasah. | In front of Shaikh Zain’s mosque, Mr. Beale saw several tombs. i He copied the following inscriptions, . |= a 1 3) wle> » cle yee bw cle bs 4 Ady) ole gndS 5 kate Bimad 9 Carole 3 Gh? eto Sold Joy % lo wha OR 5S Wdan hye dorly oem! wy} (it Sate .. 2, datyd ey chstle wld y al aK='t *YAY Kino wlan) The first two lines require revision, and I have not translated them, The last line is— Pi To decree belongs to God. The distinguished and pardoned Khwaéjah [’Ali, son of | _ Khwajah Mu’inuddin Ahmad died on the... Ramazan, 968 [July, 1560]. This must have been a younger son of the Khwajah Mu’inuddin _ Ahmad, one of Akbar’s grandees, whose biography is given in my A‘in Trans- lation, I, 484. Mu’in was governor of Agrah in 1560. On another tomb, Mr, Beale saw the following (metre, short hazaj)— < ee ~ ee . 7 Yo, GRO BQm? Gladsst « beS of 992 &0—2 wl dr 3 . eo! 3b te p= et # LS 9) Camels 53 So5d 90 RE tw os wy gl—_ pe pus * ool ahs 5) } Sle pis ,S 1. This person of good fame was a present from God ; and for this reason every .. called him ‘ Tuhfah’ [‘ a present’ ]. 2, As the mention of his name, which brings consolation to my weak spirit, was on my lips, -8. I obtained from twice repeating his name the date of his death, Hence we have to double the word twhfah, 7.e. 2 K 493 =986 A. is. or A. D. 1578. Sarjipu’r, near Agrah, Mr. Beale says—‘'There was a Sardi in the village of Sarjipdar (ox ust ) in Madia Katrah ( $y5 300 ) about 24 miles from the fort of Aerah. A few years ago it was demolished, and the material was carried away to build the present District Jail of Agrah. ‘The gate of the jail was built with the material taken from the gate of the Sarai. The inscription on the top of the gate still remains as before.’ 222 | Inscription from Narnaul. [ Nov. : | aly Sow) 045” pam)! eyed yl al edie ay Vt ade Y MNS? Khaw yg dillalw 4 Slo sy JibI oils glayls ld ron” Cade 9 omy Kine yd Uda yo ds GbE? YA Grol! Byes ype Bah) Coye® heey slaty, oh g crit See? Oa 52 tt Coolbast araye WER Girt Se ye os WIS Wo oly pd sleay al! dine BN) 9 BOLT ye! Syged by Lyd bow ebt cates by Coty In the name of God, the merciful, the clement! There is no God but Allah; e Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet. In the 23rd year of the reignof Muhammad Shah Padishah i Ghazi—may God lengthen his kingdom and rule !—in 1154 A. H. [A. D. 1741-2], the slave Mir Wajih uddin Khan, whose titleis MirJalaluddin Khan, son of the late Mir Jalaluddin Khan, of Agrah, son of Mir Sayyid Muhammad, built this Sarai, for the comfort of travellers, for the future and the present a pious deed done to God. May people remember (the builder) with a pious wish! And blessings upon Muhammad and his house and all his companions ! Under the superintendence of Sada Shiv Narayan. Wa’rnaul, §. W. of Dibli. Mr. Delmerick has sent me s reading of the following inscription from the tomb of Ibrahim Khan Sar, the grandfather of the emperor Sher Shah. cs ils wylalis hes wSleo 2 ¥ &ily we yy SiS wl oy? sy CsY dy? lee Ey) ASS AT we sy ena EU ty y po0 pus csi OIA de 535 5) op-erQs ment obi Uma ons esis oes! ee wrt 82 Ne thay? 5 Les8 6 Eye 5 Corer 9 Csitdye 9) GY IS GH! # ENS Gores? pals Coil 1, Ifany one asks you who made this building, give him the answer if thou knowest the secret : 2. This dome, whose foundation is the highest heaven, was built by the king of the country, Sher [Shah], the victorious ruler, 3. The chief of chiefs, the lord of the seven realms, whose sword surpasses the flash of the lightning. 4, Farid,* son of Hasan Str, sonof Ibrahim, ordered a beautiful vault to be built over the grave of his grandfather. 5. If you ask me who was the superintendent, (I say it was) Aba Bakr, son of Shaikh Ahmad, the Niyazi. ¢ 6. If I use the general term, I may call him a Niyazi, butif I use the special term, I must call him a Kindi, and this reflects honor on his pure character. * Sher Shah’s name was Fariduddin. lee =F eR: 1874. | Blochmann—Wotes on Narnaul. 223 lg 1 ad i The inscription does not seem to be complete, and in the fourth line the metre is violated. The histories do not mention the year in which ~ Tbrahim Khan Siar died; but that he died at Narnaul is known from the Hon’ble E. C. Bayley’s translation of the Zarikh i Sher-Shahi in Dowson, _ IV, p. 809. I take the following remarks on Narnaul fr om ue: geographical note- book : N 4rnaul belongs to the old district of Dhundhoti,* which corresponds almost entirely to the tract which Muhammadan historians call Mewat. The latter term has perhaps a wider extent, as it includes the old Sirkars of RewAari, Alwar, and Tijérah, being bounded in the north-west by Bik4nir, in the south by Amber-Jaiptr, and in the east by the Sibahs of Agrah and F Dihli. Sirkar Narnaul itself consisted at Akbar’s time of 16 mahalls, viz. Babai, Barodah Ra’n4, Chél Kaldnah (Kalydnah), Jhijyin, Singhdnah- | Udaipir, Kanaudha, Kot-Putli, Kanori, Khandela, Khodana, Lapoti, the | Damani koh, Narnaul, and Narhar. The town of Narnaul itself, says Abul Fazl, has a stone fort, and near it is an intermittent spring. South-west of it lies Baghor, founded by Bach Deo.t The Sirkdér had several copper- mines, especially at Babai, Singhanah-Udaiptr, Bhandarah in Kot-Putli, and Raipur in the Damani Koh, with copper mints at Singhdénah and Raiptr.t The district contained numerous sayurghal, or rent-free, tenures. Thus in Mahall Narnaul itself, the area of which is given by Abul Fazl at 214,218 big’hahs and the revenue at 147,880 Akbarshahi Rupees, the rent- free lands are put down at Rs. 18,754. The Mews, or Mewatis, the inha- bitants of Mewat, are frequently mentioned by early Muhammadan historians as turbulent; and the emperor Balban especially had continually to wage war with them, often with doubtful success, The earliest settlement of the Muhammadans at Narnaul itself, which legends ascribe to Shaikh Muham- mad Turk, provoked hostilities, which culminated in A. H. 642, or A. D. 1245, in the massacre at the Id festival of all Muhammadans that lived in the town. Shaikh Muhammad Turk, too, fell a victim, and his life and miracles and meritorious death still attract pilgrims to the tomb of the Narnaul martyr. But Narnaul is not mentioned by Dihli historians before 814 (A. D. 1411), when Khizr Khan plundered the country, and a few years later, in 838 (A. D. 1424-35), when Narnaul was given to Sidh Pal and Sadharan Khatri, the murderers of Mubarak Shah, as jagir. During the reign of the Lodis, Ibrahim Khan Sur obtained a few villages as jagir for the Maintenance of forty horses. He died in Narnaul, as has been men- - * Elliot, Races of the N. W., by Beames, I, 82. + Cunningham, Arch. Report, I, 154. { Thomas, ‘ Chronicles,’ p. 416. 224 Blochmann—WNofes on Narnautl. [ Nov. | . tioned above. When his grandson Sher Shah drove Humayan from India, — Narnaul was held by Majnin Khan Qaqshdl. He was besieged by Haji — Khan, one of Sher Shah’s best officers ; but through the exertion of Raja Bihari ‘ Mall of Amber the town was spared, and Majnan Khan was allowed to evacuate the fort and retreat with his soldiers to the west. Haji Khan occupied Narnaul, and held it during the reigns of Sher Shah’s successors. He was driven from it, in the first year after Akbar’s accession, in 963 — (A. D. 1556), by Tardi Beg, Akbar’s governor of Dihli.* In the end of the 8th year of Akbar’s reign, Narnaul, which had been included in the khalsa lands of the empire, was given to Shuja’at Khan as jagir.- He left his son Qawim Khan as commandant of the fort, whilst Mir Gesti was the — imperial collector. The town was suddenly attacked and plundered by the fugitive Shah Abul Ma’Ali, Huméytin’s favorite, upon whose head Akbar — had set a high prize. Qawim Khan fled, and Mir Gest was killed. On the approach of an imperial detachment, Shah Abul Ma’ali fled with the — treasure to Higar Firuzah. The next event of importance, mentioned in the histories, is the Nar- I naul rebellion, which broke out in the beginning of the 15th year of Aurang- — zib’s reign, in 1082 A. H., or A. D. 1671, caused no doubt by the imposi- — tion of the yizyah and the emperor’s crusades against Hind& temples, Khafi ” Khan (II, 252) gives the following account. ‘In Narnaul District and other = in Mewéat, there was a sect of Hindas, who called themselves ‘Satnams.’ They are also known as thell M andiah sect, and consisted of four or five thousand families. Also | they dressed like faqirs, they carried on trade and agriculture, or lived as petty merchants. According to their tenets, they wished to obtain the rank | | of ‘men of fair fame,’ and this is the meaning of the word saf-nam. ‘They — were scrupulously honest in their dealings; but if any one oppressed them, they would not suffer 1t, and hence they used to go about armed. About the | 4 sant in the neighbourhood of Narnaul got into a quarrel with one of the | collector’s peons, who had been sent there to watch the harvest. From _— words it came to blows, and the peon killed the peasant. Other peasants time that Aurangzib returned from Hasan Abdal, it happened that a peas collected, attacked the peon, and left him lying lifeless on the ground. 'The collector then sent a number of peons to bring the peasants to account ; but the Satnams mustered in force, wounded several of the peons, and drove them away. Kar Talab Khan,f{ the faujdar of Narnaul, sent the collector { a detachment of horse and foot ; but the Satnams put them to flight. The } Faujdar now collected the troops of the district, got assistance from the © * Ain Translation, I, p. 319. + Akbarnémah, IT, 252, and Ain Translation, I, 371. t The Maas, ’Alamgiri(p. 115) calls him Tahir Khan, Pa Pi > ee rh a (1874. ] Blochmann—WNofes on Narnaul. 225 zamindars of the neighbourhood, and moved at last personally against the rebels. He was, however, defeated in several engagements and had to with- g draw, when the town of Narnaul was occupied by the Satnams, who made - immediate arrangements to collect the taxes and establish thanahs all over the district. ‘When the emperor returned to Dihli, he heard of the rebellion, and sent off several detachments, every one of which was.routed, so much so that the rumour spread that neither sword nor arrdw nor bullet could hurt a — Satnam, whilst every arrow and bullet of the rebels killed two or three im- j perialists, In fact, every one believed that the Satnams practised witchcraft. _ The most extraordinary things were related of them. Thus it was said that they possessed an enchanted wooden horse upon which a woman rode, and the horse used to go like a live horsé in front of their vanguard. Matters | went so far that RAjds of renown and Amirs experienced in warfare had to be despatched against them with strong detachments; but the soldiers were so unwilling to march on, that the rebels came within sixteen or "seventeen kos of Dihli. Several zaminddrs and mean Rajpiits joined them to escape taxation, and the revolt assumed such dimensions, that the emperor left the palace and ordered the tents to be pitched outside the capital. He also wrote formulas of blessings and amulets with his own hands, and had them sewn on the flags and banners, and then sent the soldiers against the rebels. | At last, after great exertions on the part of Raja Bishn Singh,* Hamid Khan (son of Murtaza Khan), and other intrepid Amirs, several thousands of the rebels were killed; the rest dispersed, and the rebellion ended. ‘But as so many zamindars had taken part in the rebellion, the whole Sabah of Ajmir and even the neighbourhood of Agrah were unsettled ; and the tents having been pitched outside the capital, the emperor resolved to perform a pilgrimage to the shrine of Mu’inuddin Chishti at Ajmir, intend- ing at the same time to punish the refractory zamindars. But before leay- - ing, he gave orders to levy the jizyah from the Hindu population of the capital, as well as from the Hindis in all other SGbahs. When the orders were published, the Hindis—you might have counted them by lacs—collected below the window where the emperor used to show himself to the people, and loudly bewailed their poverty and cried loud to get the order rescinded; but his Majesty paid no attention to the clamour. But when, on the next Friday, the emperor went from the palace to the Jami’ Mosque to say prayers, the Hindi money-changers, cloth merchants, and other tradesmen had assem- bled in such numbers as to block up every street. The emperor waited an hour, thinking the people would let him pass; at last he gave orders to move on, and several people were trampled to death by the elephants or * The chief commander, however, was Ra’dandaz Khan (the ‘ thunder-thrower’), an officer in Aurangzib’s artillery. 226 Blochmann—Wotes on Narnaul. [Noyv. — ridden over by the horses. For several days, the Hinds assembled in jor 7 numbers ; but at last they gave in and paid the jizyah.’ ; Some of the dispersed Satnams, adds the author of the Tazkirah 7 Sa. i létin « Chaghtdét, had the boldness to enter Dihli; and when the report came to the ears of the emperor, he ordered the Superintendent of Police — (shihnah), Sidi Falad Khan, to hunt them down. About seventy or eighty q had taken possession of some ruined buildings in the Habshiptrah Quarter. They defended themselves for several hours, but were at last all killed, and | Sidi Falad hung their dead bodies on the trees round about the town. He ~ received the thanks of the emperor, and the Satnams were heard of no= — more. Ra’dandaz Khan received the title of Shuja’at ’Ali Khan, was pro- ¥ moted and got a kettledrum. ps During the reign of Shah ’Alam Bahadur,* Aurangzib’s son, the — rebellion in Sabah Ajmir continued, and Sayyid Ghairat Khan, Faujdar of Narnaul, was killed. s In the 6th year of Farrukh Siyar’s reign, A. H. 1129, or A. D. 1717, — Calabat Khan was Faujdar of Narnaul. The biographical works on Muhammadan Saints and Mr. Beale’s Mif= tah uttawdrikh mention the following men of note—(1) Shaikh Muhammad Turk, who had come from Turkistan to Narnaul. As mentioned above, he was killed in A. H. 642, or A. D, 1244-45. (2) Shaikh Ahmad Majd Shaibéni, aholy man, born at Narnaul. He died at Nagor in 927, or A. D. 1521. (38) 7 | Shaikh Ilahdin Majzub, a faqir, died 946, or A. D. 1539. (4) Shaikh Ham- — zah, of Dharst, 8 kos from Narnaul; died in 957, or A. D. 1550. (5 and 6) © Shaikh Ism4’il, a learned man; and his younger brother Shaikh Nizam, a saint — ' of renown, died in 997, or A.D. 1589 (Ain Translation, I, p. 538, and 4 Badaoni, III, 26). (7) Wali Muhammad, died 5th Shawwal, 1057, or 1647, (8) Sayyid Ni’matullah, who left Narnaul for Rajmahall, where he was | 3 much honored by Prince Shuja’. He lived at Firazptr, east of Rajmahall, A and died there in 1077 or 1080, A. D. 1666 or 1669. Narnaul is also the home of the family to which the Hindistani poet a Afsos belongs. He says in the preface to his poems that he traces his — descent from Imam Ja’far Cadiq. Sayyid Badruddin, brother of Sayyid ms ?Alamuddin ‘Haji Khani,} one of the poet’s ancestors came from Khawaf | in Khurésan to Narnaul. Sayyid Ghulam Muctafa, grandfather of the 7 poet, moved during the reign of Muhammad Shah from Narnaul to Dihli, where Sayyid ’Ali Muzaffar Khan, Afsos’s father, entered the service of Amir Khan. Mir Sher ’Ali, known under the poetical name of Afsos, was born at Dibli. < * Called ‘Bah4dur Shab’ in European histories. + This seems to mean that he was in the service of Haji Khan, Sher Shah’s officer, 4 who, as mentioned above, was many years in Narnaul. Regarding Afsos, vide alse Sprenger’s Catalogue of Oudh MSS., pp. 198, 597. Co ta we | oO) ee 1874.] Damant—Ismd’il Ghdzé Legend. 207 | _ Mr. Blochmann then mentioned that Major-General Cunningham, C. S. I., Director-General of the Archzxological Survey of India, had sent to the Society another batch of Muhammadan inscriptions, viz. four from Burhanptr, and seven from Asirgarh, for publication. Among them was a Sanskrit Inscription, a free translation of the Arabic inscription attached to the Jami’ Mosque of ’Adil Shah II. Fartgqi, of A. H. 997. .*» The following papers were read— 1. Notes on Shéh Ismail Ghazi, with a sketch of the contents of a | Persian MS., entitled “ Risdlat vsh-Shuhadé,” found at Kénté Didr, | Rangpir—By G. H. Daman, B. A., C. S$. (Abstract.) There are four Dargahs, or shrines, in Rangpur, erected to the memory of Shah Isma’fl Ghazi. They are all situate a few miles to the north-east of Ghorag’hat, in thanah Pirganj. The principal one is at Kanta Daar. About three miles west is another at a place called Jala Maqam. These two _dargahs are under the care of the same faqir, who has a large jagir and claims to be descendant of one of the servants of Isma’il, who came with him from Arabia. The head of the saint is said to be buried at Kanta | Dadar, and his body at Madaran, in Jahdndbad, west of Hagli. Mr. Damant found the MS. in the possession of the faqir of Kanta Didar. He assured him it had been in the possession of his family for many generations, but he was unable to read it, and was quite ignorant of the contents. The short facts as given in the MS. are, that in the time of Barbak Shah, Isma’il came to Gaur, where he gained the favour of the king by building a bridge or embankment across the great marsh, east of Gaur. He was then sent against Gajpati, king of Madaran, or Orisa, whom he utterly defeated, and lastly, he fought two battles with Kamesar, king of _ Kamrap. The king finally tendered his allegiance, and consented to pay tribute, though it does not appear that the country was regularly occupied by the Musalmans. The Hindt governor of G’horag’hat appears to have 797 been envious of Isma’il’s fame, and falsely charged him with entering into an alliance with the king of Kamrap. A force was sent against Isma’il, and he was beheaded in the year 878, which would bring his death to the end of the reign of Barbak Shah. The account given in the MS. corresponds most strangely in many particulars with the legend which Mr. Blochmann heard at Higli (see Asiatic Society’s Proceedings, April, 1870, page 117). In that legend, Ismail is said to have invaded Oris& with success, and to have been falsely accused by a Hinda of attempting to set up an independent kingdom at Madaran, and on this false charge to have been beheaded by order of the king. We 228 Foster——Zhe Temple of Jaysagar, A’sdm. [Nov. may, I think, on this double authority, take these two statements to be established facts. The only difference between the two legends is this, that the Higli legend refers the whole to the reign of Husain Shah, 2. e. about thirty or forty years later. The history was written by Shaikh Pir Muhammad Shattari in 1042, or A. D. 1633, during the reign of Shahjahan. Mr. Damant’s essay and the text of the MS. will appear in No. III. of Pt. I. of the Journal for this year. : 2. On the Temple of Jaysdgar, Upper Asém.—By J. M. Foster, F. 8. A., Nadzirah, Asdm. ’ (Abstract.) This paper is accompanied with two photographs of the Jaysagar Temple, several plans, and plates of the architectural ornaments. The temple was built by Rudra Singh, alias Chuckungpha, in memory of the heroic death of his mother. Rudra Singh, whose father Ghadhadhar Singh had been the last Buddhistic king of Asam, adopted the Hinda faith from the commencement of his reign in 1695, A. D. Mr. Foster’s essay with several plates will be published in Journal, Pt. L., No. IV., for 1874. Mr. Blopiatun drew the attention of the members to some of the architectural ornaments, many of which were Muhammadan in design, especially the winged fairies in Course F., and the fairy on horseback, which looked exactly like the pictures he had seen in MSS. of the Prophet when sitting on the ‘ Buraq’ and ascending to heaven. 3. On the Supposed Identity of the Greeks with the Yavanas of the Sanskrit Wreters.—By Ra’tENDRALA’LA Mirra, (Abstract.) The author reviews the opinions of various Sanskrit scholars on the the meaning of the word ‘ Yavana.’ Whilst several of them attribute to it, rnore or less distinctly, the meaning of ‘ western foreigners, Dr. Kern in his preface to the Brihat Sanhita maintains that ‘ Yavana’ signifies ‘a Greek and a Greek only.’ It is, therefore, necessary that the whole question should be re-examined. For this purpose, the writer has collected passages from the Egyptian, Hebrew, Assyrian, and pre-elassic Greek, where the forms Uinim, Javan, Javnan, and Ionian occur, and he shews that in these passages, as also in the lo legend, the word ‘Ionian’ refers to a mixed population or ‘ancient Hurasi: ans’. He then enumerates the passages from Panini, Manu, the Mahabharata, Vishnu Purana, the Vis‘wamitra legend in the Ramayana, Karna Parva, and many other Sanskrit works, where the Yavanas are mentioned. He also discusses the similar passages: Aner ' 1874.) Rajendralala Mitra and Hon’ble E. ©. Bayley—On the Yavanas, 229 in the As’oka edicts, and shews that of all Greek kings, Alexander the Great - notexcluded, only one, viz. Antiochos Theos, whose dominions reached to the _ Indus, is called a Yavana, or Yona. Further, he proves that the Hindus did not borrow asingle astronomical term direct from the Greeks, and that the opinion advanced by Weber and Kern on the existence of Sanskrit trans- lations of astronomical works written by four Greek writers is untenable, whilst the list of words common to Sanskrit and Greek, given by Weber, | proved the existence of no influence of Greek on Sanskrit. ie The only conclusions which would be consistent and tenable are— Ist. ‘That originally the term Yavana was the name of a country and of its people tothe west of Kandahér—which may have been Arabia, or _ Persia, or Medea, or Assyria,—probably the last. 2nd. That subsequently it became the name of all those places. 8rd. That at a later date it indicated all the casteless races to the west ofthe Indus, including the Arabs and the Asiatic Greeks and the Egyptians. 4th. That the Indo-Greek kings of Afghanistan were also probably in- dicated by the same name. _ Oth. That there is not a tittle of evidence to show that it was at any one time the exclusive name of the Greeks. * 6th. That it isimpossible now to infer from the use of the term Yavana the exact nationality indicated in Sanskrit works. The essay will appear in No. III, of Part I of the Journal for 1874. >? The Hon’ble E. C. Bayley made some remarks on the subject. With- out for the present questioning Babu Rajendralala Mitra’s general con- clusions, and while fully admitting that the word ‘ Yavana’ was often used in a vague sense and might be rendered as ‘foreigners,’ or at any rate ‘western foreigners,’ he yet demurred to the conclusions drawn from _ As‘oké’s inscriptions. It seemed to him that the natural inference from the facts was directly opposite to that which in the opinion of the writer | flowed from them, and that in this instance at least, if in no other, the term ‘ Yavana’ or rather ‘ Yona,’ could hardly be rendered otherwise than a ‘Greek or a ‘ Grecian.’ 4. On Embolocephalus ceratophthalmus—the type of a new genus and species of Lsopod Crustaceans.— By Jas. Woov-Mason. This paper will be published in the Journal, Part II, No. 4, 1874. 5. Some Ornithological Notes and Corrections—By W. E. Brooxs, C. E. ‘This paper will be published in the Journal Part II, No. 4, 1874. 230 Natural History Communications received. [ Nov. 3 6. Descriptions of new species of Helicide of the genera Helix and Achatina from the Khasi Hills and Manipur.—By Major H. H. Gopwin- Austen, F. G. R. S. 3 This paper will be published in Journal Part II, No. 2, 1875. The meeting then was adjourned, LIBRARY. The following additions have been made to the Library since the meet- — ing held in August last. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and rela Vol. VII, Part I. A Astatic Soctery oF Great Brivarn. | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1878, — Vol. 163, Parts I, and IT. a Official List of the Royal Society of London, ending 80th Noy. 1873. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol. XXII, Nos. 152 and 153. J. N. Hennessey: Note on the Periodicity of Rainfall—W. Roberts M. D.: MA Studies on Biogenesis——Prof. Osborne Reynolds : On the Refraction of Sound by the — Atmosphere.—WN. Moseley: On the Structure and Development of Peripatus capen- &; sis.—J. Tyndall: Further Experiments on the Transmission of Sound. ‘" Royau Society oF Lonpon, =| Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Birmingham, | for October 1878, and January and April 1874. te C. C. Walker: Description of a Wrought Iron Construction of Observatory for : maintaining equality of internal and external temperature—A. B. Brown: On Hy- — draulic Machinery for steering, reversing and discharging cargo &c., in steamships.— Hf, M. Morrison; On the Transmission of Water Power by Turbines and Wire Ropes. INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Vol. XXVII, Pt. I. J. A, Ewing and J. G. Macgregor: On the Electrical Conductivity of certain Sa- line Solutions, with a Note on the Density —2J. Dewan and I. G. M’ Kendrick, M. D: On the Physiological Action of Light. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Session 1872-73. D. H, Marshall: Note on the rate of decrease of Electric Conductivity with in- crease of temperature. Tur Roya Society oF EDINBURGH. 1874.) Additions to the Society’s Library. 231 Transactions of the. Zoological Society of London, Vol. VIII, Parts 7 _ J. Anderson: On the Osteology and Dentition of Hylomys.—Prof. G. J. Allmann: _ Report on the Hydroida collected during the Expeditions of H. M. 8. ‘ Porcupine.’ THE ZootoeicaL Society or Lonpon. The Anatomy of the Lymphatic System. By Dr. E. Klein. | THE Royat Socrery or Lonpon. Sec or of yee Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of Tux Foorperéas Socrery oF Lonpon. Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SocreETY OF MANCHESTER. Journal of the Chemical Society, Nos. 134 to 139, with a Supplement. R. Apjohn: On the Analysis of a Meteoric Stone, and the Detection of Vanadium in it.—A. Schrauf: Schréckingerite, a New Mineral from Joachimsthal.—R. W. Van ha Gorkom: Cinchona Cultivation in Java.—J, Kolbe: Amount of Real Acid in Sulphuric ne "Acid of various densities —H. Caron: New Method of Tempering Steel. Regeneration of Burnt Iron.—F. L. Sonnenschein: New Test for Blood and Examination of Blood ‘Stains.— Ff, Fischer : Contamination of a Well by the waste from a Gaswork.—A. F, | Hargreaves : On the Spontaneous Combustibility of Charcoal.—C. R. A. Wright and J. Lambert : On Cajeput Oil. On the action of Pentasulphide of Phosphorus on Terpenes . and their Derivatives. Geographical Magazine. Edited by C. R. Markham, C. B., F. B.S. THe Epiror. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Vol. XVIII, No. III. Indian Government Mission to the Atalik-Ghazi, Letters from Mr. T. D. Forsyth.— Watson: Journey in Yezo in 1873, and progress of Geography in Japan.—Dilks : Valley - of the Ili and the Water System of Russian Turkistan. Rovat GEOGRAPHICAL Society oF LONDON. Journal of the Statistical Society. Vol. XXXVII, Part II, 1874. StatisticaL Society oF Lonpon. Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Science Vol. I. Nes. I, I, III. First to Fifth Annual Reports of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science. he American Naturalist, a popular illustrated magazine of Natural History. Edited A. S. Packard, EK. T. Marre, A. Hyott, and F. W. Put- nam. Vol. I to VII, and No. 1, of 1874. Preapopy ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. q Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science. Vol. VIII. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 232 Additions to the Society’s Library. [Nov Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. for 1871, 2 copies. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. X. SMITHSONIAN InsriTUTION, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. II, Part 2. ConneEcTIcUT ACADEMY, Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences, Vols. I and Y. CALIFORNIAN ACADEMY, Second Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. The Complete Works of Count Rumford. Vol. II. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Report of the United States Geological Survey for 1872, by F. V._ Boyden, United States Geologist. (2 copies.) cal Survey for 1867, 1868, 1869. Report of the Chief Signal Officer to the Secretary of War (United States) for the year 1872. (2 copies.) Synopsis of the Acrididz of North America, by Cyrus Thomas. Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Torrie tories (United States), by Joseph Leidy. Monthly Reports on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the year ended June 30, 1872. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF, PHILADELPHIA, Tue AUTHOR, oe First, second, and third Annual Reports of the United States Geologi- ae a ? bi ;| i Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of Indiana for 1871 and 1872, . by E. T. Con, State Geologist, with maps in a separate Volume. List of Elevations in the portion of the United States West of the © Mississippi River. Collated and arranged by Henry Garmet. Meteorological Observations for the year 1872, in Utah, Idaho, and 4 Montana (United States). The United States Sanitary Commission in the Valley of the Mississip- pi, during the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1866. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STaTEs, Mittheilungen der SchWeizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. Voll ; LV, No. 4. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SWITZERLAND. I Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Vol. ILI. — ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF VIENNA. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ma- thematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Vol. 67, No. 4 and 5, and Vol. 68, Nos. 1 and 2. | 1874] | Additions to the Society's Library. 238 | Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phi- - losophisch-Historische Classe. Vol. 74, No. 1 to 3. . THe ACADEMY OF VIENNA. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philologischen und __historischen Classe der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen, Nos. 3 to 5, 1872 ; and Nos. 1 to 4, 1873 and Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe, 1-3, 1873. = Hiibschmann: Avestastudien.—Haug: Ueber eine Arabische Siegelinschrift aus _ vyorehristlicher Zeit.—Hthé: Firdisi als Lyriker—Herm. v. Schlagintweit-Sakiin- liinski: Reisen in Indien und Hochasien.— Plath: Das Kriegswesen der alten Chinesen. _ —L, A. Buchner: Ueber die Léslichkeit der arsenigen Siiure im Wasser.—Erlenmeyer : - Ueber die Bestandtheile des Arnicawassers und des Atherischen Arnicadles.— Vogel : | Ueber das Verhalten der Milch zum Lakmusfarbstoff. Archiv fiir Osterreichische Geschichte, Vol. 50, Pt. II, and Vol. 51, met. I. Monatsbericht der Kéniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschat- “ten zu Berlin, April to July 1874. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K6niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Ge- sellschaft in Wien. Vol. XXIII. Tue I. R. Zootoaican anp BovranitcaL Society oF VIENNA. Mémoires de la Société Nationale des Sciences Naturelles de Cher- | bourg. Vol. XVIII. NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF CHERBOURG. Journal Asiatique. Vol. III, Nos. 2, and 3. AstatTic Socrety OF PARIS. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, from May to July 1874. Fedschenko: Le. Khanat de Khokand et les contrées avoisinantes.—V. A. Malte- _ Brun: Voyage en Russie, en Caucase et en Perse, par T. M, Chevalier Lycklama a | Nyéholt. GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF Paris. Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 4th to 6th Fasc. 1873. Royer : De Vorigine des diverses races humanes, et de la aryenne en particulier. ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Paris. | Mémoires de |’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. | Vol. XX, No. 8 to 10; Vol. XX, Nos. 1 to 5; Vol. XXI, Nos. 1 to 5. | Bulletin de ?Académie Impériale des ies de St. Petersbourg Vol. t XVIII. Nos. 3 to 5; Vol. XIX, Nos. 1 to 3. ; Eee aret ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Sr. PETERSBURG. Verhandlungen der K. K. Geologischen Iteichsanstalt, Nos. 11 and 14, ) 1873, and No. 1 of 1874. | Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglich Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Vol. . No. 8 and 4, and Vol. XXIV, No. 4. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF VIENNA, 234 Additions to the Society’s Library. [Nov. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philoso- . phisch-Historische Classe, Vol. XXII. | ImprrtaL ACADEMY OF ScrENcES OF VIENNA, Die Fauna der Schichten mit Aspidoceras Acanthicum. By Dr. Neu- mayr. 3 Das Gebirge um Hallstatt. By Edmund Mojsisovics v. Mojsvar. | GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF VIENNA, Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscow, No. 8 | Imprertat Socrery or Naruraists or Moscow. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlaindischen Gesellschaft, Vol. XXVIII, No. 50. : GERMAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Koniglich - Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. XI, Pt. 2. . Abhandlungen der Historischen Classe der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. XII, P. I. | Abhandlungen der Philosophisch-Philologischen Classe der Kéniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vol. XIII, Pt. I. 7 AcapEMY OF MUNICH. La Langue et la Littérature Hindoustanie, by M. Garcin de Tassy. Tue AUTHOR. ~ Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner for the Central Provinces, for 1873. S| Report on the Forest Administration of the C. Provinces, for 1873-74, — Report on Vaccine Operations in the Central Provinces, for 1873-74. Report on the Excise Revenue in the Central Provinces, for 1873-74. Curer CoMMISSIONER oF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. | Report on the Sanitary Administration of the Panjab, for 1873. ie] Report on the Meteorology of the Panjab, for 1878. | Lrevr. GovERNOR OF THE PansaB. | Report on Public Instruction in the Madras Presidency, for 1872-73. — Tue Govr. or Mapras, | Review of the Revenue Administration of the Central Provinces, for | 1873-74. : Report on the Jails in the Central Provinces, for 1873. Report on Education in the Central Provinces, for 1873. Report on the working of the Government Charitable Institutions in | the Central Provinces, for 1878-74. ay CHreF COMMISSIONER OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCE Report of the Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal, for 1872. ai Report on the Calcutta Medical Institutions, for 1873. Specimens of Languages of India, including those of the Aboriginal | : Tribes of Bengal, the Central Provinces, and the Eastern Frontier. | Bier.) Additions to the Society's Library. 235 : Correspondence relating to the Famine in Bengal and Behar, 1873-74, _ together with Minutes by Sir Richard Temple, K. C. S. I. ‘a si GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Flora Sylvatica for Southern India. By Major R. H. Beddome. GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS. _ Vichar Sagar. By Sharif Salim Ahmad. ae Tuer Epritor. _ The Calcutta Journal of Medicine, Nos. 6 and 7, for June and July, 1874. THe Epiror. Professional Papers on Indian Engineering (second series). Edited by is Batajor A M. Long, R. E., Principal, Thomason Civil Engineering College, Tue Eprror. Vaishnava-vrata-Dina-Nirnaya. By Navadvipachandra Vidyaratna 5 Goswami. THe AUTHOR. Ramayan, 4th Vol, No. 5. . . EDItTor. The Kamandakiya NitisAstra. StepDAR ATAR SINGH, CHIEF oF BHADOUR. Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VII, Part, 3 and 4, | 1874. F SUPDT. OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. : Instructions for the Electrical Testing of Lines and Offices. Part III, Section I. By Louis Schwendler. . Tue AUTHOR. Notices of Sanskrit MSS., No. VIII, Vol. III, Part I. By Rajendralala | Mitra. os Tue Eprror. Exercises in the Lushai Dialect. By Captain T. H. Lewin. Be $ . Tue AUTHOR. -_. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Vol. I, 1874. Suppt. of GEoLoeicaL Survey oF Iyptia. The Christian Spectator, Nos. 38 to 40. THe EDrror. Scientific Lectures in Hindi. By Lakshmi Sankar Misra, M. A. THe AUTHOR. Hindu Music. THe AUTHOR. The Indian Antiquary, for August, September, and October, 1874. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. 236 Additions to the Society's Library. [ Nov. Translation of a Memoir by M. A. Levol on Alloys of Silver and Copper and their Chemical Composition. THe AUTHOR. On the Garo Hills. By Major H. H. Godwin-Austen, F, R. G. 8. Tue AUTHOR. Report on Sanskrit MSS., 1872-73. By G. Buhler. THe AUTHOR. A Dissertation on He Sabbath and on Tidal Motions, by Maulawi — Karamat ’Ali, al-Husaini, Mutawalli of the Hugli Imambara. THE Avenel Purchase. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 80 Vol. 14. W.T. Blandford: Description of new Reptiles and Amphibia from Persia and — Baluchistan.— Albert Giinther: A contribution to the Fauna of the River Tigris.—, 0. Rohir : Observations on the Fecundation of the Batrachia Urodela.—H. J. Carter: On — the Nature of the Seed-like Body of Spongilla, on the Origin or Mother Cell of the — Spicule, and on the Presence of Spermatoza in the Spongider.—d. G. Butler: Descrip- — tions of two new species of Fulgora from India.—Arthur Viscount Walden: Descriptions — of some new Species of Birds.—Dr. Richard Grief: Pelomyxa palustris, a freshwater ~ Ameeboid Organism.— Arthur Viscount Walden: On Megapodius trinkutensis, Sharpe.— — M. A. Giard: On the structure of the Caudal Appendage of some Ascidian Larve. On § Parthenogenesis in Ferns,—Prof. O. C. Marsh: Small size of the Brain in Tertiary — Mammals. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, and — Journal of Science, Nos. 313 to 316. James Dewar: Onthe Physical Constants of Hydrogenium.—F. Kohlrausch: De-_ ; termination of the Absolute Value of the Siemen’s Mercury Unit Electrical Resistance.— [| Dr. W. B. Carpenter: On the Physical Cause of Ocean Currents —F. Kohlrausch: A Variation—Barometer.—J. A. Fleming: On the new Contact Theory of the Galvanic = ball— Thomas T. P. Bruce Warren: On Warren’s Method of finding Faults in Insulated — Wires.— Oliver Heaviside: On Telegraphic signalling with Condensers.—James Croll: — On the Physical Cause of Ocean-Currents.—Baron N. Schilling : The Constant Currents — in the air and in the sea: an attempt to refer them to a common cause,—Robert Mallet : | Tidal Retardation of the Earth’s Rotation.— William Crookes: On Attraction and hg Repulsion accompanying Radiation.—James O’Kinealy: Fourier’s Theorem.—Louwis | Schwendler : On the General Theory of Duplex Telegraphy. 3 The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society, | No. LIII. 1874. q Journal of the Society of Arts and Institutions in Union, and Official Record of the International Exhibitions, Nos. 1102 to 1125 (1108 want- ij ing). Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science. No, LV, July 1874. | 1874] Additions to the Society’s Library. 237 ‘ Dr. Michael Foster: On the Term Endothelium.—Ernest Haechel: The Gastraea _ Theory, the Phylogenetic Classification of the Animal Kingdom and the Homology of _ the Germ-Lamella.—Rev. M. J. Berkeley: On the Etiology of the Madura. The Quarterly Journal of Science. No. XLIII. July, 1874. The Polar Star and the Pointers.—Modern Researches in Tropical Zoology. The Ibis, a Quarterly Journal of Ornithology. , Vol. IV, No. 15. Andrew Anderson: On the Nidification of certain Indian Birds.—R. Swinhoe: | Notes on Chinese Ornithology.— Arthur Viscount Walden: A reply to Mr. Allan Hume’s _ Review of ‘ Die Papageien’ of Dr. Otto Finsch. The Edinburgh Review, Nos. 284 and 285, April and July, 1874. The Quarterly Review, Nos. 272 and 273, April and July, 1874. Westminster Review, July, 1874. Contributions to Solar Physics. By J. Norman Lockyer, F. R. S. Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, or Illustrations of new, rare, and interesting Insects. By J. O. Westwood, M. A. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. VII, Nos. 40 to 41, and No. 48, of Vol. VIII. C. F. Himes: Preparation of Photographic Dry-Plates by daylight, by desensitiz- ing and re-sensitizing the silver compounds.—John Trowbridge: Ona Molecular Change produced by the passage of Electrical Currents through iron and stee! bars.—J. S. New- berry: Parallelism of coal seams, History of India, by T. Wheeler, Vol. ITI. Bleek’s Comparative Grammar, Vol. I. Revue des Deux Mondes, from 15th April to Ist August 1874. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Académie des Scien- ces, Vol. LXXVIII. No. 14 to 26 and Vol. LXXIX, No. 1 to 4. Revue Archéologique, Nos. 4 to 6, 1874. Journal des Savants, for April and May, 1874. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Vol. II, Nos. 3 to 6. Revue Linguistique, Vol. VI, Fasc. IV. Mélanges ’Archéologie Egyptienne et Assyrienne, Vol. I, Fas. IV. Actes de la Société Philologique, Vol. IV, No. 5. Biblische Legenden der Muselmanner, by Dr. B. Weil. Culturgeschichte in ihrer Natiirlichen Entwicklung bis zur Gegen- wart.—By Friedrich von Hellwald, Nos. 1 to 4. Aristotles’ Metaphysic, by Dr. D. B. Schfiiter. Coleopterologische Hefte, No. XI and XII. By E. V. Harrold. Flexiones Pracriticee in editione sua Sacuntale. By Dr. Carolus Burkhard. Schulgrammatik und Sprachwissenschaft. By Dr, J. Jolly. i } ‘ « L) 238 ; Additions to the Society’s Library. [Nov 4 Beitrage zur vergleichenden Casuslehre des Zend und Sanskrit, by 4 Georg Orterer. HS Das Christliche Adambuch des Morgenlandes. By A. Dillmann. Das Buch Henoch, By A. Dillmann. Calcutta Review, for October 1874. Pr aina Kamra Nandini, or the Hindu eR No. 3 to 4. Exchange. Atheneeum for June and July 1874. Nature, Nos. 247 to 255, 1874. PROCEEDINGS - OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, FoR PECEMBER, 1874. The monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 2nd instant, at 9 o’clock P.M. Col. H. Hyde, President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed, The following presentations were laid on the table— 1. A Silver Medal from the Royal University of Norway. The following letter from the Chief Secretary of the University accom- panied the donation :— I have the honor to recommend to your special attention the bearer of this letter, Rev. Dr. Vibe, Chaplain of the King. I beg you give him also a friendly recommendation for his purpose to the authorities of the Indian Government. ‘Repeating the grateful thanks of the Royal University of Norway for the many valuable publications, which we have received from the Asiatic ; Society of Bengal, I beg you to accept the following medal as a token of our great esteem.’ From W. Duthoit, Esq., C. S.—five Muhammadan silver coins. The following letter accompanied the donation :— Benares, 25th November, 1874, Dear Str,—I have your No. 548 dated 13th current and Gs to-day’s parcel post forward to your address ¢wo rupees of Jalal-uddin Firuz Shah an and three of Mw izzuddin Kaiqubad—in all 5 coins, kindly acknow- Re: _ ledge their receipt. ‘ If you wish to see where they were found and will take up a good map of the Mirzapdr District, please follow the course of the Sona from west to east till you come to Agori Khas—then a little further to the east you will see the Byol river flowing into the Sona, and a little further still the Rehand. “The coins were found at a spot near the Sona bank between the Bijol and the i ee ~ Rehand. 240 A. O. Hume—On two undescribed species of Goat. [ Dec. ‘At Agori there is now a very picturesque Fort, and near it, just over the Bijol, is a very picturesque temple (Somnath). Agori was once a place of much trading importance. ‘The temple was planted by Agorwala banias who were the chief of the Agori merchants, and is still a place of pilgrimage and very sacred to this class. The Fort belongs to the Agori Barhor Raj, now under the management of the Court of Wards.’ The following gentlemen, duly proposed and seconded at the last meeting, were elected ordinary members Maulawi Khuda Baksh Khan Sahib, Bankipur, (Patna); Babu Ram Das Sen, Berhampur ; Captain M. Protheroe, Port Blair; R. E. Egerton, Esq., Lahore. The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting— John Sutherland Gunn, M. B., Surgeon, Bengal Army, proposed by Mr. J. Wood-Mason, seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann. Captain C. J. F. 8. Forbes, Deputy Commissioner, Shwygyeen (British Burma) proposed by Col. Hamilton, seconded by Col. H. Hyde. Richard Lydekker, Esq., B. A. Geological Survey of India, proposed by Mr. H. B. Medlicott, seconded by Mr. J. Wood-Mason, Babu Shyama Charan Sarkar, has intimated his desire to withdraw from the Society. The President announced that the Council have elected Dr. T. R. Lewis to be a member of their body vice Mr. Geoghegan, who has left India, and Babu Prannath Pandit a member of the Philological Committee. Also that the Council have sanctioned the continuance of the pension of Rs. 3 per month, to Islam Khan, lately a taxidermist attached to the Museum, for a further period of one year, subject to reconsideration at the expiration of that time, The following papers were read— 1. Note on two apparently undescribed species of Goat from Northern i India and a new species of Dove from the Nicobar Islands. By ALLAN O. Humes, C. B, In recently preparing, for the use of friends collecting them for. me,a | brief paper on the horns of India, I found in my collection two species — that appear to be unnamed, The first 1s the Suleyman Range Makhore, which differs conspicuous- ly from Capra megaceros of Cashmere, in that while the horns of the latter resemble a corkscrew, those of the former are more like an ordinary screw. I have called this species Capra Jerdont. | The second is the Sindh Ibex which does not, to my idea, agree at all y with the descriptions or plates of Capra Caucasica to which it is usually q referred; I have called this Capra Blythi, ~- £ eee Tee 5 Are ries pieairetemeee, y ’ => era - es <= i re ei ree as Te ee ode me aera aoe cl “2 M 1874.] W. M. Campbell— Notes on the Transit of Venus. 241 E I do not at all feel sure that these species are undescribed, but I could | find no names for them and had to provide names, and as I have _ published them elsewhere, think it right, to prevent confusion, to put them _ on record in a scientific Journal. Z I may also take this occasion to mention that in my account of _ the birds of the Nicobars and Andamans, I noticed that I had obtained at _ the latter Islands, asmall dove, resembling Zurtwr Awmilis, but as I believed different. ci I have since obtained a really good specimen which has convinced me _ that it is distinct, and I wish to take this opportunity of characterizing it. TURTUR HUMILIOR, sp. nov. i Length, 9; Wing, 5,6; Tail, 3:3; Bill, at front, (from where the | feathers end), 0°55 ; Tarsus, 0°75. ? Hemale.—Head greyish-brown paling on forehead. Rump deep F slatey, rest of upper parts, breast and middle of abdomen brown, with a broad black half-collar, on the back of the neck, and a more or less venaceous tinge _ on the lower parts ; wing-lining, sides and flanks deep slatey-grey. I had no specimens to compare it with, so sent it to Mr. Brooks, he _ remarks. ‘ I have never seen any dove like the Andaman one you have sent. “Its characteristic points are—l, the broad collar; 2, (and the most important) the dark slate coloured wing-lining ; 3, the very brown hue. Its b: wing is much longer that of Z. humilis — which has a pale wing-lining and is quite a differently toned bird. It is of similar size to 7. cambayensis, but has a much longer wing. Itis very much smaller than 2 risoria which has a light wing-lining and the brownest rzsoria is quite pale compared with this dusky Andaman dove.” I hope to figure this sombre little Dove later, in the mean time this will serve to call attention to it. 2. Description of a new species of Helicide of the genera Helix and Achatina, from the Khasi Hills and Manipur.— By Mason H. H. Gov; win-AustEen, F. Z. S. This paper will be published in the Journal, Part II, 1875, with illus- tration. 3. Notes on the Transit of Venus of 1874.—By Caprain W. M. Camp- BELL, R. E.; communicated by Captain J. WATERHOUSE, The following brief notes regarding the preparations being made in this country to observe the rare and important phenomenon of the Transit of Venus, may be of interest to the Society. The observations will be made at Roorkee in the North-West Provin- ees by Col. J. F. Tennant, R. E., assisted by Captains W. M. Campbell of 242 W. M. Campbell—Wotes on the Transit of Venus. [ Duc. the G. T. Survey and J. Waterhouse, Assistant Surveyor General, with — Seret. J. Harrold, R. E., andtwo men of H. M.’s 55th Regt. as assistant — photographers. The instrumental equipment of the party consists of— Ist.—A very fine 6-in. Equatorial by Cooke and Sons. 2nd.—A new 36-inch Theodolite by Troughton and Simms, lately sent — | out for the G. T. Survey and lent for the occasion. 3rd.—A Photo-heliograph by Dallmeyer. 4th.—A quadruple Chronograph. 5th.—An Astronomical Clock which marks the time in seconds on the — chronograph and, also by electricity, shows time on three dials, one of which is placed close beside each of the three principal instruments. For the shelter and accommodation of the instruments a temporary — Observatory has been built comprising a room for the standard clock, chro- | nograph and transit instrument, with two attached revolving domes for ~ the theodolite and photo-heliograph. In immediate connection with the t latter of these domes is a convenient dark-room for the preparation of the t photographic plates. The equatorial is in a separate detached revolving dome. ~ The equatorial will be used by Colonel Tennant, who will observe the * contacts, take measurements between the cusps of Venus, while she overlaps the sun’s limb, with a double-image micrometer, and also probably micro- | - metrical measurements of her position throughout the Transit. t He may also use the transit instrument to determine time by daylight — transits of bright stars during the phenomenon, 2 Captain Campbell will use the 36-in. theodolite to observe the contacts, 4 and throughout the Transit he will take observations of the planet’s posi- tion on the sun’s disc, by means of .a succession of transits of sun and ~ planet, recorded with the chronograph. Captain Waterhouse will take photographs on six-inch plates, with a q solar image of about 4 inches in diameter, in the photo-heliograph at inter- — vals of two minutes nearly throughout the Transit. He will also, by means — of an apparatus constructed by Mr. Warren de la Rue on the principle first 7 proposed by M. Janssen, the eminent French astronomer, and known as | the “ Janssen slide,” endeavour to obtain a series of pictures of the sun’s ‘ limb and planet together for some seconds, before and after the moment of — } each of the last three contacts, and also about the times of bisection. It may a be explained that the Janssen slide is an ingenious arrangement for carrying | a revolving circular sensitive plate about 11” in diameter in such a manner i - that small radial segments near the circumference may be successively | exposed to light at intervals of about one second, thus enabling 60 small | pictures of any specific part of the sun’s image to be taken in the course of — a minute, forming an annular belt about 14 inch wide round the circumfer- _ a , ¥ % - occurrence of each phase very exactly, so that he can give a signal of warn- | 1874.) W. M. Campbell—Wotes on the Transit of Venus. 243 ie ence of the plate. The number of photographs taken will probably be - about 120 besides 6 of the Janssen plates. The ordinary wet process will be used, the dry plates proposed to be used by other observing parties not _ having been found to work satisfactorily. - Captain W. J. Heaviside, R. E., of the G. T. Survey is expected to | join the party for a few days, and he will also observe the contacts with a ls fairly powerful telescope. Arrangements have been made for eetedsnccthy recording on the f _ chronograph the time of exposure of each-photograph and of each of the _ 60 pictures taken on a Janssen plate. All time observations will be recorded on the chronograph. This instrument consists of clock-work, driving four wheels, over each | ofwhich a long tape of paper (such as used in telegraph offices) is passed and | drawn out by friction at a very uniform rate of half an inch per second. On | each tape the clock records seconds by means of a pricker worked electrical- i ly, while the observer to whom the tape belongs, has in his-hand a tappet _ key, by which he can work at will a second pricker alongside of the first. In order to trace the clock time on the paper, a mark is omitted at the _ beginning of each minute. In addition to the apparatuggabove described, there is a model of the i transit, similar to the one used at Greenwich. The advantage of this is, that with a little practice, the observer becomes familiar with the phenome- / non and knows what to expect, or at least cae some notion of it, and fixes By combined practice with two Blascopless the Sabie personal equa- tions of the observers are arrived at, and such observations will be repeated i i after the Transit is over. Familiarity with the model will also enable an observer to estimate the ing to others, for instance in the present case, a signal will be given to Capt. - Waterhouse for the preparation and exposure of the “Janssen’”’ plate, a matter of great importance, as an error of a few seconds in exposing it would ' render it useless, and Capt. Waterhouse will have no means of judging the nearness of the contact for himself. The important phases for observation are :— 1st.—The breaking of the ‘ black drop’ at Ingress. 2nd.—The forming of the same at Heress. We know that when well inside the sun’s limb, Venus will appear to be . connected with it by a band of shadow, but we do not know exactly what | the behaviour of this band will be, whether it will burst at Ingress, or form at Egress, in a well defined way, or whether it will fade out gradually at Ingress and form slowly at Egress. 24:4 W. M. Campbell—WNotes on the Transit of Venus. [Drc. To guard against this uncertainty, every one has agreed to observe— At Ingress. The first distinct lessening of the intensity of shadow between the limbs. _ At Egress. The first definite appearance of shadow as intense as the dise of Venus. After the first there may still remain a shadow less dark than Venus, which will die away gradually; while on the other hand, at Egress, such a — shadow may precede the fully black shade. The two phases above described are the phenomena to be observed, but in addition to them, if it can be done without imperilling their observa- tion, the last and first appearance of shade of any kind must be noted. The times may also be noted at which it is estimated that the two limbs would just touch, if clearly seen without any distortion, Venus being just within the sun’s limb. the limbs, Venus being outside the sun, @. e. the last external contact, All observations will be useless unless the time is accurately known, and the comparison of the clock or chronometer used, with a clock whose error and rate are well determined both before and after the observations, should form part of the record of the observations, Or, if the chronometer is compared with daily time signals, the com- parison should be continued for one or two days after the Transit and included in the record with the comparison of the preceding days. In any - ease, the method by which the recorded times are arrived at, should be fully explained, and the observations of all sorts, with full means for testing the whole of the instrumental adjustments. If a transit instrument is used, the Level readings, Collimation tests, &c. and a full description of the instrument must be given. The telescope used must be described as well as possible, as regards opening of object-glass, focal length, magnifying power, &c. The place of observation must also be accurately described, or its latitude and longitude given. Nort.—The Transit of Venus having taken place since the above was written it may be interesting to state before going to press that the Transit was successfully ob- _ served in India, by Col. Tennant’s party at Roorkee where 107 six-inch photographs and 7 5 Janssen plates were taken, with favourable weather ; at Lahore by Captain G. Strahan — R. E.; at Masri by Mr. J. B. N. Hennessey, who obtained some interesting results with the spectroscope ; at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, where 39 photographs and several eye observations were made; at Muddapur by a party of Italian astronomers under the direction of Sig. Tacchini, the distinguished spectroscopist, and at Kurrachée by General Addision. At Madras the weather proved unfavourable. Tidings of the observations have also been received from the parties scattered in ; various parts of the world, mostly satisfactory. e4 | 1874.) W.H. Dall—Operations of the U. 8. Coast Survey. 245 . A long time must elapse before any final results can be arrived at, but already many ir accounts have appeared in the newspapers giving the personal impression left by the event on different observers ; and in some respects these are very conflicting. : Some say they saw no appearance of a ‘black drop,’ while according to others in was most distinct. | The phenomena seemed almost a repetition of model practice in Egypt, according _ to telegrams in the Times, whereas at Roorkee no resemblance was found, and we learn from other observers in India, using powerful instrumgnts, that they saw no ap- _ pearance of the ‘black drop.’ The different appearances must be greatly due to differ- k ences of instrumental power and atmospheric conditions, probably the more perfect the ' instruments, the less the ‘black drop’ features. — Many observers saw distinctly the whole of Venus, while more than half her disc _ was outside the sun’s limb, her dark outline being fringed with light, and M. Janssen _ telegraphs from Japan that her disc wasseen outside the sun’s limb against the corona. ~ Much discussion as to the planet’s atmosphere will doubtless arise from this appearance, which seems to be confirmed by some of the photographs. Other observers, notably the Italian party at Muddapur, found proofs of her atmos- | phere by means of the spectroscope. is 4. Extracts from a Letter from W. H. Datu, of the U. 8. Coast Survey to Rev. C. H. A. Dati, A, A., Caleutta. a. “ Unalashka; Alaska Territory ;—September 22nd, 1874 ;— United States Coast Survey,—Schooner Yukon, | “Our work is practically closed for the season, and we start for San Francisco about the end of this month. I commence now a letter, in order ‘ that you may have the fullest and earliest account of our doings....Our work has extended over a large part of the coast of the territory this year. We began by rating chronometers and making some corrections of the 4 charts, at Sitka. Thence we sailed for a very remarkable place called the Bay. This was surveyed by La Perouse in the last century, and is very difficult to get in and out of. Across the narrow entrance the breakers ~ roll continually, except at slack water, in calm weather. La Perouse lost, in this tide bore, two boats and sixteen men. We got in and out by a | lucky combination of circumstances; in five days making a reconnaisance of the entrance; which is not correctly represented on the old charts. We came near having trouble with a party of Sitka natives here: they were | very insolent, and attempted to board the vessel while we were away survey- | ing; but those left on board fortunately prevented it without bloodshed. | These natives are the worst I know. They are well armed and have advanced far enough in civilization to distil their own rum out of molasses which they buy from the traders. They invited one of our party to drink, when he was ashore, and he reported the liquor to be tolerably good. They are also quite fearless, and when opportunity offers, very impudent. Five large glaciers impinge on this Bay. ‘The upper part of it is a ‘Mere rift in mountains 6,000 to 8,000 feet high; and resembles a 246 W. H. Dall—Operations of the U. S. Coast Survey. [| Due. Yosemite full of salt water and adorned by glaciers,—but on a grander — scale. The highest mountains in North America, and the grandest living — glaciers, out of the Arctic and Antarctic Zones—are here. . We made some measurements, the best hitherto obtained, and got a — height of about 15,000 feet for Mts, Fairweather and Crillon, with an uncertainty of three hundred feet. The smaller mountains, all about the bay, | range from 6,000 to 11,000 feet :—so that the loftiness of the principal | peaks is not so apparent as their proximity to the sea would lead one to— infer. Leaving Lituya Bay, we coasted along, finding work at every point. The charts of this region are very inaccurate. We moved, so to speak, — the entire shore-line of America between Lituya Bay and Mount St. Elias, to the westward, from four to six miles (geographical) ; thus increasing the — area of the British possessions in British America by that area, some eight |} hundred geographical square miles ; as the American boundary is a line ten ~ marine leagues from the coast.. We have proved the relative accuracy of © much of La Perouse’s work, as compared with that of later map-makers. ~ We have a reconnaissance of the part of the coast mentioned, sufficiently ; accurate for a general chart. Our instruments are so much better and our % methods so much more exact, that we haye been able to improve materially ~ on the work of our predecessors, though they did wonders with their slender — means. I cannot describe the sublimity of the scenery of this part of | America, In original grandeur it far surpasses Switzerland; at least I am | so informed by some who have seen both; and I can well believe it.. We surveyed Port Mulgrave, in Admiralty or Bering Bay, and obtained a very — fine series of observations for the height of Mount St. Elias ; in all sixty-four & observations of it from four stations, with a very delicate ssiatsratolnt of Gam- — q bey’s, reading to five seconds ofthe are. Our observations cannot be worked ¥ up until we return ; as they will require some special corrections for which ¢ our tables are not Patenoive enough ; but we have, from rough calculations, — data sufficient to infer that the mae will be a height in the neighbour-— hood of 19,000 feet. All previous observations have been made at sea with — sextant angles; a very imperfect method, especially when the doubtful | nature of a sea position, is taken into account. Hence the great difference | between our results and those of some previous explorers. La Perouse had | an error of twelve miles in his reckoning, and the Russians one of six a miles. The mountain is nearly under the meridian of 141 west, where } Captain Cook put it. The peak and about half a mile down the } east flank isin American territory ; sol suppose we may claim the whole | mountain as ours. It is generally supposed that these high mountains are ¥ voleanos. With regard to Fairweather, Crillon and St. Elias, I am convinced | this supposition is erroneous, There is no cone or crater nor any signs of — 1874.) W. H. Dall—Operations of the U. S. Coast Survey. 24:7 | one ever having existed on either of them. I could see distinctly the strati- fication of the rock for two-thirds of the height of St. Elias, which is shaped | r on one side like an enormous crystal. The summit has, it is true, a sharp _ peak, but it is like the smaller granite peaks of the Sierras and the moun- tains of the whole west coast inside the Coast Range properly so called, which runs out in Oregon and Washington Territory. The rock at Lituya 1 was ee ous granite, and I saw no voleanic rock there at all. However | Bisievation of the range of St. Elias and others. From Bering Bay we went to Port Etches in Prince William Sound, | to Middleton or Otchek Island, and to Kadiak, in the order mentioned. At | the last place we rated chronometers. Middleton is a low island, surrounded by reefs, and we were very for- tunate in obtaining a calm day, enabling us to land and get observations | without any delay. The vegetation here was very luxuriant. We found | one leaf of a skunk-cabbage (which, as you know, usually grows from six to | twelve inches high) four feet long and two feet broad and with a stalk | four and a half inches thick. ta Much of our work this summer lay among islands: without harbors or safe anchorages, except in calm weather ; and we were especially favoured in the weather we had, when in such localities; in which we were not delayed a day anywhere by rough weather. i. After Kadiak we visited Chirikoff Island, once inhabited, and now bg reported to be full of wild dogs of great ferocity. These were said to be _ the progeny of some native dogs abandoned there some ten years ago; and a party sent down from Kadiak some years since, to hunt, came back and 3 reported that the ferocity of the assembled dogs, who were congregated on the beach, had deterred them from landing. We therefore approached this ' island with some curiosity ; but saw only one dog, the day after landing, ' and he ran away before we could come up with him, We next visited the | Semidi Islands, a rocky group in deep water without harbors; and then - anchored in Chignik Bay. Here we hada good deal of bad weather. I found a good many fossil plants here, mostly Hocene or Miocene in age. There are lignite beds here. We also obtained a number of reindeer, whose fine juicy meat was an agreeable addition to our sea fare. From hence we went to examine some } isolated rocks off the coast of Aliaska Peninsula -—and to a small anchorage near Mitrophania Island ; and thence to the Shumagins. Here we did a good deal of work, finishing our reconnaissance of the group begun in 1872. Then a few days were spent in the vicinity of the dreaded Saunakh Reefs ; —and we sailed for Unalashka to rate chronometers. Our next point was 248 W. H. Dall— Operations of the U. S. Coast Survey. [ Dzc. | St. Paul, one of the Seal Islands, where we obtained a good series of ob- — servations, a reconnaissance of the island and magnetic declination, and — had a good opportunity of examining the wonderful exhibition of seal-life, now paralleled by no other place on the globe. There are estimated to be four millions of fur-seal on this island; though the means for determining ~ the number are not very decisive. Their habits would fill a volume, and — are most interesting and complex. Hence we sailed for Nunivak Island, where we found Eskimo living, and bought three or four hundred ethnological articles of their make, for use or ornament. I also took eleven skulls from an ancient place of deposit of the dead. These are laid above ground, and covered only with stones — and drift-wood. We decided the position and surveyed the anchorage, — and, after fixing the west point of the island, sailed for Hagmester Strait, — near Cape Newenham. Here we got good observations and then sailed for Port Moller on the north side of the Peninsula of Aliaska. Here we had © good luck, as usual; beside getting many interesting things out of the — | ancient shell-heaps, and killing seven reindeer. We discovered some hot — springs containing sulphur and alum,—a bed of fine sandstone, well suited for grindstones,—of which we carried off a lot for holystones; and most interesting of all, a deposit of Triassic or Jurassic fossils, containing Belem- nites, Ammonites, Inoceramus, Pecten and other fossils. Fine glaciers, active volcanoes, unlimited sandbanks, covered with walrus and hair-seal, — —wolves, bears, foxes and hundreds of deer—made up the tout ensemble of Port Moller. Wishing to complete the reconnaissance of St. George * and Paul, we sailed again for the Pribyloff Islands, and succeeded in getting | tolerable observations on St. George, establishing its position thirteen miles west of its location on the present charts. This group has been in doubt Fd for a long time, and it is a matter of satisfaction to me to have been able _ to settle the question of position. Our bad weather began soon after leaving ; Port Moller, and has continued almost without interruption to the date of writing. We reached Unalashka after several stormy days, and since then have | been principally engaged in running some twenty miles of shore line, ge our chronometers rated again, and completing our annual (Unalashka) mag” netic observations. The oe eaeauen is rapidly decreasing ne Twelve thousand three hundred snd sixteen observations of all kinds taken i including seventy-seven thousand meters of shore line and twenty-five mile i of soundings. Astronomical positions twenty-four, fixed by three thousand # six hundred and forty-three observations ; each andladiet latitude, time | and declination, Hight hundred and eighty-four magnetic observations. | - 1874.) eae Library. 249 _ Twenty-two ports visited, six thousand miles sailed over,—and this all done’ - excluding the time spent at sea, in sixty-two working days. The probable - error of most of our positions will not exceed two-tenths of a second of an © arc.” P. S.—dated—* San Francisco, October 16th, 1874.” ‘We have arrived safely, after a rough but very short passage of _ thirteen days from Unalashka. Very sorry was I to hear of the death of | Dr. Stoliczka. Get for me, if you possibly can, his paleontological volumes _ of the Indian Survey, Valuable in themselves, they will be especially so | _ to me, as in the last one he adopts my views on the Brachiopods, with some : very complimentary remarks....So busy, I can only add that I go to | Washington in a month, to work up the results of our Alaska campaign. Address me there, care of the Smithsonian Institute.” W. H. Datt.” Captain Marsh gave a short account of his travels in Persia and Afghanistan, Seems? LIBRARY. a The following additions have been made to the Library since the meet- ' ing held in November last. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Vol. XXII, No. 154. | Prof. Wyville Thomson.—On Dredgings and Deep-sea Soundings in the South _ Atlantic, in a Letter to Admiral Richards. J. LZ. Tapper.—On the Centre of Motion in _ the Human Eye. General Sir Ed. Sabine.—Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism. J. i Prestwich.—Tables of Temperatures of the Sea at various Depths below the Surface, 1% taken between 1749 and 1868; collated and reduced, with Notes and Sections. J. A. | Brown—On the Sun-spot period and the Rainfall. = Roya Soctery oF Lonpon. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Vol. XVIII, No. IV. Carpenter—Further Inquiries on Oceanic Circulation. Schwyler—A month’s Journey in Kokand in 1873. Rawlinson—Extracts from, and Remarks on, Letters relating to Mr. Forsyth’s Mission to Kashgar. . RoyaL GEOGRAPHICAL Society oF Lonpon. 250 Library. [ Duc. 4 The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. XXX,No. 119. — R. Etheridge, Jun—On the Relationship existing between the Echinothur pice 4 Wyville Thomson, and the Perischachinide, M’ Coy. q Guotocican Soctery ofr Lonpon. — Journal of ie East India Association. Vol. VIII, No. 2. 1 Tue East Inpra ASSOCIATION, — Geographical Magazine, Nos, IV, V, VI, VII. 1874. No. IV.—Indian Marine Surveys. Col. H. Yule, C. B.—Visits of Mr. F. Paderin ~ to the site of Karakorum. The Kashgar Mission. Baron Ferdinand Von Richthofen— Land Communication between Europe and China. (Col. H. Yule, 0. B—The Atlas — Sinensis and other Sinensiana. No. VI.—Capt. J. E. Dawis—The Voyage of the ‘Challenger, IV. A Contribu- — tion to Cyclone History. q No. VII.— Lieut. Gill, R. H—Travels in Northern Persia. Capt. J. E. Davis—The — Voyage of the ‘Challenger. V. H. G. Ravenstein—Formosa. 3 Tun Eprror. — Journal Asiatique. Vol. III, No. 4. } Astatic Socrery oF Paris. — Cours de Géologie Comparée, par Stanislas Meunier. THe AUTHOR. Inhaltsverzeichniss der Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der j | - Wissenschaftenzu Berlin aus den Jahren 1822 bis 1872. Monatsbericht, August, 1874. 3 Tue Royat Bertrs AcADEMY. : 7 Ueber das Wesen und den Werth des Wedischen Accents. Von Mar- 4 , j tin Haug. 4 Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. Bul- 4 letin de la Société Entomologique Suisse. Tur AUTHOR. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SWITZERLAND, ¥ Mittheilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Natur und Volkerkunde a Ostasien’s, No. 5, July, 1874, a THe German JAPAN Socrery oF Hastern Asia. — Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, from 22nd October, 1878, a to 15th July, 1874. 4 Capt. A. Rk. Brown.—Winds and Currents in the vicinity of the Japanese Islands. W. G. Aston.—Has Japanese an affinity with Aryan languages ? Asiatic Socrery or Japan. |} Professional Papers on Indian Engineering. Edited by Major A. Ma Lang, R. HE. The Rigi Railway on the Ladder System. Cantwell’s Lock Tiles. Notes on the | Multan Inundation Canals. Molesworth’s Ratchet Dredger. Proposed Grating for | 1874.) Library. 251 ; stopping Floating Logs near head of Ganges Canal. On the Construction of Oblique ig earns. Masonry Dams for Reservoirs. Concrete Blocks for Mamora Break-water. THE Toman. The Flora Sylvatica for Southern India. By Major R. H. Beddome. | “Parts I and II. i Tue GoyERNMENT OF Manras. i Report on the Administration of the Central Provinces, for the year 5 1873-74. iy Report on the Trade and Resources of the Central Provinces, for the - year 1873-74. THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER, CENTRAL PROVINCES. r Minutes of the Trustees of the Indian Museum. April, 1873, to March 1874. i: Tue Trustees OF THE INDIAN MoseEvmM. : Scientific Lecturesin Hindi. Meteorology, No. II. By Lakshmi Sankar | Misra, M. A., Professor of Mathematics, Benares College. fa Tue AUTHOR. Purchase. Journal of the Society of Arts. Vol. XXII, No. 1126 to 1187. bs The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, and _ Journal of Science. Vol. 48, No. 317. 5 Baron N. Schilling—The Constant Currents in the Air and in the Sea: an At- f tempt to refer them toa common Cause. Alfred Tylor—On Tides and Waves. De- flection Theory. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 14, No. 81. Rev. O. P. Cambridge—On some new Genera and Species of Araneidea. A. G. _ Butler—Descriptions of four new species of Glomeride from Sikkim. J. Wood-Mason / —On anew Genus and Species (Hyleocareinus Humet) of Land-Crabs from the Nicobar Islands. G. J. Aliman—On a new Order of Hydrozoa. S&. J. Smith—On Tube- building Amphipoda. : Conchologia Iconica: Pt. containing genera,—NSolen. Cultellus. So- lecurtus. Pharus. Megaspira. Margarita. Emarginula, Chilina, Trichotropis, by Lovell Reeve, F. L. S., F. G. S. The American Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. VIII, No. 44, for » August, 1874. ; A. M. Mayer.—Researches in Acoustics. O. N. Rood. On an optical method of : studying the Vibrations of Solid Bodies. C. A. Morey. The Phonautograph. : Revue des Deux Mondes, Vol, XLIV, for 15th August and lst Septem- | ber, 1874. | : Comptes Rendus, Vol, LXXIX, No. 5 to 8. 252 Library. [ Dec. No. 5. IM. Th. du Moncel.—Sur 1a conductibilité électrique des corps ligneux. | MM. V. Feltz et E. Ritter—De Vaction du chloral sur le sang. No. 6. M. Th. du Moncel.—dme note sur la conductibilité des corps ligneux. MM. A. Mantz et Ramspacher.—Dosage du Tannin. MM. L. Fautrat et A. Sartiaux.—_ De V’influence des foréts sur la quantité de pluie que recoit une contrée. Bulletins de la Société D’Anthropologie de Paris. Vol. IX, Fase, I. — Jan, Fev., 1874. Eachange. Atheneum, for August, 1874. Nature, from Nos. 257 to 262. INDEX. * Page bdul Latif, Maulavi, ae Bahadur, Member of the Philological a Committee, oe ES bor iginal Tribes, mentioned in he Puranas, ifewitiaarion OF alates ae bahar, in the Sirsa district, Dihli, Inscribed stone from, ey 72 ecounts, Abstracts of, a .: Sirsa, 72 - : Suchitia, near A’grah, 170 4 , Sujan Deo, near. Allahabad, 101 3 of the reigns of ’A’lam Shah, of Dihli, ieee se k i Akbar, ... 105, 174, 175, 209, 213 3 4 Aurangzib,... 1.106,179; 180 a a Balban, 104 A Humayun, 219 -f Tltitmish, LTD, Soto 72 . Jahangir, an 100, 210, 213 - % Muhammad Shah, 222 ” ” | as Tughluq, 72 s i. Mahmad Shah, of Malwah, 3 LORE a > Sher Shah, 105, 222 a = from the garden of Walter Reinhardt Samrt, in Agrah, 167 Ky Indian, making and utilising copies of, as 115 a of As’oka, on rock at Rupnath, 108 “ on Col. J. Hessing’s tomb, at Agrah, 167 Institutions exchanging Publications, List of, 37 T’rich, or Erich, N. E. of Jhansi, ... a 69 Iron wrought, Crystalline structure of fractured, 73 Irwin, (V. Esq.), Death of, oe 26 Islam Khan, pension continued to, . 240 Isola peguensis, - 86 Jabalpur, Temple at Bheraghét, “ 108 Jackson (Dr. C. J.), Election of, ae 56 Jahangir, Black marble throne of, in Agrah Fort, 210 Jalal-ud-din, Firiz Shah Khilji, coins of, 239 James, (Mr. H.), inscriptions received from, sate OG Jatrapur, Jessore District, identified with Sjatterapoer, 19 Jaysdgar, (Upper Asim), Temple of, ie 228 Jesalmir, Library of the Oswal Jainas, at, 93 Jessore District, identification of, towns in, ... ig Jodhpur, Libraries at, os 93 Journal, Report on the, vs 30 Kabiruddin Ahmed Sahib, Member of tie Philolos ical Comment A 68 Kachptrwa, near Agrah, Inscriptions from, » 219 Kachuga Oldhamii, . » Sd 260 Index. Page Kachuga peguensis, te bes sath tees 83 ,, trilineata, + aa See 83 Kambojas, eve nes see 9 Karnpur, Temple at, Vis nee Kashf ul Ghummah, Translation of, nt coe ae Oia Katantra vritti, under publication, Ree it 32 Khasas, awk eee see see 9 Khombian race, ae “ft 19 Khuda Baksh Khan Sahib, slention of, sir A SO eee Kimber, (Mr. J.), Election of, eek 91 King, (Mr. G.), Member of the Natural History Comminee tes 68 Kinnaras, called Hayasyas, ee Sia, ee 1] Kirata, ancient name of Tripura, eons 11 Kirdtas or Kiratis, a one ee aay 8 Knight, (Mr. R.), Election of ee sae watt. 2On Kumaon Plants, List of, ... xX Kurz, (Mr. 8.), Contributions towards a ficalains of Benne Bion ast Ee bs 5, Member of the Natural History Committee, wee 68 », On New Burmese Plants, es 7 Lafont, (Rev. F. E.), Election of, as Associate NM cniber: “at 91 x Proposed as an Associate Member, 67 a: 3 proposed Member of the Physical Science Ceti mittee, nee set ues Lalpet, near Chanda, Sculptures at, ed tha ae Landemania, iv ia Bhi er 78 Lectures, Report on, 29 Lewis, (Dr. T. R.), Member of ie Physical Raiends and Natural History Committees, ‘ce oe: 68 - Member of the Council,. 240 Taira y, Additions to the, 21, 29, 59, 87, 97, 117, 154, 146, 187, 230, 206, zs Se ee Limbuan race, ie ue x, 12 Lyall, (Mr. A. C.), Election of, ike oe us 67 Maiasir i’Alamgiri, completion of, 33 Magdala, Lord Napier of, Member of the Physical Saitnds Canitiihtess 68 Magrath, (Mr. C. F.) Election of, ; Ve eS t Mahmud Tughlug Shah, of Dihli, Coin bhonck by oe baby 92 Makhore, Suleyman Range, ae RARE Wier gar Wee Mallet, (Mr. F. R.), Withdrawal of, oe ee 10)) Mallock, (Major H.), Election of, ae rae mh vie ne ean Manuscripts, Libraries of, in Rajputan4, ... de ees 92 Index, Manuscripts, Sanskrit, purchased, List of, Maulavi Agha Ahmad ’Ali, death of, ji Marsh, (Captain H. C.), Account of his travels in Persia, (3 Election of, ieee ai Chanda District, Temples at, oH (Mr. H. B.), Member of the Natural Tsien and Piieeis cal Science Committees, a ns on specimens of Khairpar Meteorite, Meeting: Monthly General, 1, 25, 56, 67, 91, 99, 128, 151, 155, 201, Members, List of, ee sist Meteor, observed at the inteSbaie. Meteorite, Khairpar, Michell, (Captain T. B.), pletion of, Mikir Numerals, ie » ‘Tribes, Bachelor’s Hall a inane ie oe Mimansa Darsana, completion of Vol. I, Minchin, (Mr. F. J. V.), Election of, Minula rufogularis, Mitra, (Babu Rajendralala), Member of the Coin, Biiclactotds sabes ry, and Finance Committees, eee Notices of Sanskrit MSS. abt) diidae On the supposed Identity of the Greeks with the Javanas of the Sanskrit 3? te) Writers, ves oe Mlechchha Des, Bengal and Bihar, id a Molesworth, (Mr. W. E.), Election of, ... POOF Mu’izzuddin Kaiqubad, Coins of, Mullik, (Babu Bhuggobutty Charana), Election of aL Museum, Trustees of, on the part of the Society, Myiophoneus Horsfieldi, Narnaul, 8. W. of Dihli, Inscriptions from,... Nephropsis Stewarti, Nest, Crow’s, made with bits of thin telegraph wire, Nevill, (Mr. G.), Descriptions of new Marine Mollusca from the Indian Ocean, Member of the Library and Nasarei History ea. mittees, ver oa) ide 77 3 Nillsonia formosa, Norway, Royal University of, Silver Medal osinicd aes Notochelys platynota, aie sore vo Observations, Tidal, ; 107 239 262 Index. Page Observatory Solar, establishment of, ie ohh 47 - Odras, an Aboriginal Tribe in Orissa, Tey 9 Officers, Report on, A a 37 Office-bearers, Election of, aes te 38 O’Kinealy, (Mr. J.), proposed Member of the Phesied Science Committee, : ire iotice in aaa Paldmau, taking of, by Datid Khan, =o esi a ee Pandit, Babu Prannath, Member of the Philological amuses oo ee Papers, Committee of, é 29 ee 69 Paris, Geographical Congress of, oak 202, Partridge, (Dr. 8. B.), Member of the Piawical Science, Finance, Tie brary and Natural History Committees, ar 68 Paundras, an aboriginal tribe of Western Bengal,... aes 8 Peal, (Mr. S. E.), Member of the Natural History Committee, ane 68 Pedler, (Mr. A.), Member of the Library and Physical Science Com- mittees, “oc ae 68 - » Note on the composition of Galcutin Coal-gas, ... 183 Peppé, (Mr. J. L.), Election of, cae ne ean 1 Persian publications in 1874, z. erry 36 Peshawar, Bronze figure, found at, 156 Phear (Hon’ble J. B.), Member of the Physical auienee and Fite ry Committees, ae ae 68 Piparai, near ’I’sagarh, Taesebiers from, wedloarany 70 Polycheles typhlops, oa Be an. ee Portuguese Settlements in India, ve, 128 Presentations, Receipt of, ... 1, 56, 67,94, 99, 128, 151, 155, 201, 239 Proparus dubius, oils Ses Sem re et 9 - fy Lytlert, ae ‘peek Protheroe, (Captain M.), eladeign: of, re, Sate ines Wee Pundra ancient, districts comprised in, ... oc ae 8 » signification of, BA 8 Rainey, (Mr. H. J.), Note on the identity of ae and Sisko: poer, with Fathpur and Jatrapur in District Jessore, ae 19 Rangptir, Muhammadan shrines of Shah Ism4’il Gh4zi, in, iss Hee Report, Annual, sez sla Son 25 tisdlat ush- Shatads Bers sian MS. found in Rangpur, oom Robinson, (Col. D. G.), Election of, Wits 99 s 7 proposed Member of the Pisses Serene Committee, rs odin gens ees Rogers, (Mr,.A.), Withdrawal of, ue 91 Rudra Singh, built the Temple of Jaysagar, in Epees Asam, ». 228 Index. Riyaz us Salatin, Rundall, (Col. F. H. y Wikideawral of, Sakas, phorivinal tribe of Western India, de Sakit, N. W. P., Inscriptions from, ae3 bc! Samaveda Sanhita, progress of, Sanderson, (Mr. C.), Withdrawal of, ee of) Sanskrit publications in 1874, | a Sarjiptr, near Agrah, Inscriptions from, Sarkar, (Babu Shyama Charan), withdrawal of, Scaphia Falconeri, Schaumburg, (Mr. Jules), Se unasa an (Piteeate Member, . Election of, as an Associate Member, Sulion, (Dr. W ), Member of the Natural History Committee, SPiwendler, (Mr. L.), Crow’s nest exhibited by, Member of the Library, Natural History, Phivgiil Science, and Finance Committees, ie on Karth Currents, ‘ on the Theory of Duplex Teogsaphy, Scully, (Dr. J.), Election of, Searle, (Lieut.-Col.), Election of, peceatleds: “a Sen, (Babu Ram Das), Election of, Shah Isma’il Ghazi, Notes on, Sherring, (Rev. M. A.), Member of the Coin Cloraratttien) Sikandrah, Inscriptions from Akbar’s Tomb, at, Sirear, (Dr. Mohendra Lal), Member of the Philological and apis y Committees, ie Bay hea Sirsa, Inscriptions from, Sjatterpoer identified with J: Seki | in the Jessore + iss ict, Smith (Mr. W. McLaren), Death of, Smith, (Mr. V. A. C.), Election of, ms Spectroscopic Analysis applied to Assaying,... 99 a] i Observations, ..,. ap vee Squilla raphidea, te eal oes Srihotta, name of Sylhet, ae ti Vea Steel, (Capt. E. H.), Withdrawal at Stewart (Dr. J. L.) Death*of, Stokes, (Mr. Whitley) Member of the Philological and ees Gorn. mittees, en ee was Stoliczka, (Dr. F.), Death of, has ae 5 Memorial to, Stone, perforated, from Satpura Hills, oo ont pi pwue 152 182 96 Index. 264 Page Stubbs, (Col. F. W.), Member of the Coin Committee, Lege 69 Survey Archeological, Progress of, vee w- =: 108 » Geological, Progress of, 52 ,, of India, Progress in, id a 4.4, 5, U.S. Coast, Operations of, 5 chee deeeee Swetenham, (Captain E.) Withdrawal of, “me ake veiw pe Tabagdt i Nagiri, progress of, 34 Tagore, (Babu Digendra Nath), Member of the Pilon Com: mittee, A ae ie gtr 68 Taittiriyé Sanhita, a of ae. nae ee 31 Tandya Brahmana, completion of, 30 Tawney (Mr. C. H.), Member of the Tiebtack y and Philsigaea cae mittees, ats Te ves 68 Taylor (Commander x D.) Election of, its 67 Telegraphy, Duplex, Revival of, , ters er 58 Tennant, (Col. J. F.), observations of the ere of Venus made ae 24.2 Testudo Falconeri, nae ae sae 80 » Phayrei, ms = aay S84 Thaumastocheles, dee 2 ea Theobald, (Mr. W.) Member of ae Natural History and Physical Science Committees, ee ah ae 68 es on Indian and Baynes species of Trionyx, 1059, 75 Thuillier, (Col. H. L.), Member of the Physical Science Committee, —-468 Tolbort, (Mr. T. W. H.), On the Portuguese Settlements in India,.. 127 Transit of Venus, arrangements for observing, ee vers 24 Trans-Himalayan explorations, wee os 46 Trictenotoma senea, : wag ssa] Sheed ape A Childrenii, N Bf on, BS oy peated > Grayii, ay ah PR » Templetonii, ie roe ite RD Trionys, Buchanani, as cal ae 71 ” cariniferus, oe ei eas 88 ” formosus, oes Aaa “at eae 80 » Gangeticus, .., bat sadi peppers ” gatajhal, ae wea ove 77 »” hurum, tes is 15 », Indian and Burmese Ee Otis vee © 6. ce Sse vA Javanicus, oe xf ee 8 76 ” jeudi, eee A BR 80 Rs ocellatus, aS a rela 76 ” peguensis, eos. eoe “oe 79 Index. Trionyx, perocellatus, - Phayrei, “H sewaare, ; stellatus, Bs) Tupaia Ellioti, eee © Turtur cambayensis, humilior, humilis, Tween, (Mr. A.), Member of the Physical noe e Onuiiieiee! Unguent, Aromatic, used by the Yakshas, Uriyas, identified as Odras, en Vena Putra, correct meaning of, eae Wace, (Lieut. R.), Withdrawal of, r Waldie, (Mr. D.) Member of the Natural Htstory and Pigeon! Science Committees, is Ward, (Mr. G. EF), Withdrawal of, Waterhouse (Capt. J.), on the Correction of Cofiper- -plates i Elec- tro-deposition,... . eee ees ‘5 * Notes on the Transit of Venus, communi- cated by, Watt, (Dr. G.), Election of, Weather Telegraphy, oa Westmacott, (Mr. E. V.), iaeuenedtinn of aie eee in Bengal, - fe Inscriptions, Notes on Bengal, 2 Note on Fort Ekdalah, Maldah District, “95, 182 68 187 Willson, (Mr. W. G.), Member of the Physical Science Srpiiitss Wise, (Dr. J.), Notes on the Barah Bhiyas of Hastern Bengal, Wood-Mason (Mr. J.), on a secondary sexual character in Sgwilla raphidea, " i. Crustaceans Blind, dPananies of exhibited ny e on the discovery of a super-orbital chain of bones in the Aboricole, a me on Hmbolocephalus ceratophthalmus, Aes on Lrictenotoma Childrenii, ... Wi cod, (Mr. C. A ), Election of, Works, Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian and Lae List of, ee dares last year, Yakshas, Hakas or Yakhas, an Boe oan Tribe in fie Himalayas, .. 95 Dhupa, Sanskrit name of Turpentine, te: Yavana, supposed identity of, with the Greeks, Yeates (Rev. M.) Description of Khairpur Meteorite, Yusuf ’Ali, Store-keeper, dismissal of, | 241 152 54: 57 94 yet . c i nie 4 G* ERRATA. ~T—O OOOO The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb rometer at 32° Faht. Mean Height of the Ba Inches 30.012 29.993 30.002 .093 Paeeal O92 .100 110 .080 .060 O19 29.957 .932 30.013 .050 .056 100 .156 161 114 101 .045 005 29.977 30.001 .062 101 062 29.994, .928 .959 | Se Range of the Barometer during the day. Max. Inches. 30.096 068 .066 .166 197 .160 AQ1 99 178 169 HAO: | 036 | 29.999 30.086 137 121 Eli gi 1229" 249 177 «LSE 129 077 055 O79 .140 AG? 140 061 29.991 30.029 Min. Inches. 29.956 930 | 946 | 30.025 .059 .035 037 .067 O04 004, 29.947 .905 .869 .945 30.003 008 052 .O88 094 047 O34, 29.967 946 .806 .931 30.005 .048 29.974 93% .836 .876 Diff. Inches. 0.140 13S .120 141 138 125 154 132 174 155 163 131 .130 141 134 113 119 141 .155 .130 147 162 ol AO 148 .135 BIg 166 .130 .[5d 153 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer COWWNIOMOMNWOrS — ODO =OOoW HS — re hoes rs) ) DOA TOAD OD GC OD i b 61.0 63.3 65.9 65.2 63.6 64.6 67.4. 69.9 72.5 72.3 63.6 64.8 65.4 66.9 69:7 71.8 73.1 Range of the Tempera- ture during the day. | Max. | Min. | Diff. | oO (6) | ra) | 75.4 BG's | 189 77.8 57.3 | 20.5 ) 79.6 | «63.6 |) 18.9 | 76.8 62.2 | 74.6 y 5.6 | 56.0 | 17.6 71.8 ba.6. | 18.2 FO. | Bee | Ja8 TA.0- 5 5leQ |) 92-9 74.8 51.4 | 23.4 16.0 64.0 | 24.5 | 81:0 69.5 | 21.5 84.5 62.7 | 21.8 750 64.51 F225 70.0 53.6 | 16.4 72.5 BL | 21.0 75.0 53.4 | 21.6 76.6 57.0 | 19.6 76.0 64:5 | 21.5 75.0 55.0 | 20.0 75.7 56.0 | 19.7 78.5 Sh: 20:8 80.0 61.0 | 19.0 82.5 6a:5-[- 170 82.1 66.0 | 16.1 | 68.0 60.2 | 7.8 74.0 58.3 | 15.7 74.2, bee h Pat 76.3 568.0 |; 18.3 78.5 61.0 | 17.5 80.6 65.8 | 14.8 81.0 66.6 14.4 Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. il Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutta, in the month of January 1874. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.) ag 4 as 45 E 6 5H S Od com = a ae 2 a 0) he 45 2 gall as be H iS . 2 OS set) al ee eee AY o H aed mes Hy a ao o e 3S) Sele Lape Ne ~ ad 3 5 2 = = S Se ae 5 Un pQ ao) S 7 = -_— = 5 Es rst, ate . os} cs rob) j Date.) Tore 3S A = Bn © a on|\2 as 2 9 O° rd rQ ive "9,2 Sub | nO E % A = Bay] BBs | EB. | BS ele oe a pa 5, Aa.g aa | ‘aS | S88 /sBs Sq bs 2 bey aes a4. | Se one eS = A o) A = a | = r) ) ) 9) Inches: |) Teer | beer 1 59.2 5.7 54.6 10.3 0.437 4.86 1799 0.71 2 62.6 4.5 59.0 8.1 506 5.60 mi aes 3 65.4, 4.5 61.8 8.1 555 6.11 87 7 4, 61.1 Ger 55.4 12.8 AA9 4.95 2.63 65 5 57.0 7.5 51.0 13.5 .386 30 .46 64 6 54.2 ah 47.3 14.6 .340 3.80 43 61 tf 53.7 7.3 47.1 13.9 338 78 .28 62 8 54.5 7.2 48.0 134 349 .90 20 .63 9 55.7 6.6 49.8 12.5 orl 4.14 dy 66 10 58.4 6.9 52.9 12.4 412 59 34 .66 11 63.2 5.8 58.6 10.4 499 5.51 25 yh! 12 66.1 5.8 61.5 10.4 .550 6.04 44 HL 13 60.9 7.3 55.1 13.1 444, 4.91 67 65 14 52.4 9.0 44.3 i7a 307 3.44, 70 56 15 53.6 7.4 46.9 14.1 336 76 30 .62 16 57.1 6.2 51.5 11.8 .393 4.38 13 67 17 60.2 5.7 55.6 10.3 452 5.02 O04 ae 18 57.4 “8 51.2 14.0 389 4,33 58 63 19 56.2 7.4 49.5 14.1 367 .09 48 62 20 58.3 6.3 53.3 11.3 .418 .66 12 .69 21 62.5 4.9 58.6 8.8 449 5.02 167 15 22 64.6 5.3 60.4 9.5 530 83 2.15 73 23 68.7 3.8 65.7 6.8 .632 6.92 Li .80 24 68.7 3.6 65.8 6.5 634 94, 64 81 25 GLS7 1.9 60.0 3.6 523 5.82 0.75 Ac) 26 61.4 3.4 58.7 6.1 501 57 1.26 .82 27 61.1 4.3 57.7 (es 485 oF 58 “7 28 61.8 5.1 57.7 9.2 485 06 .92 4 29 65.0 4.7 61.2 8.5 544 199 94 “405 30 69.0 2.8 66.8 5.0 655 7.9 .26 85 31 70.7 2.4 68.8 4.3 .699 65 140 87 Ail the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Aleteorological Observations ili Abstract of the Lesulis of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, a the month of January 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. ‘38 Range of the Barometer == ae Range of the Tempera- es g as for each hour during 6 8 ture for each hour Se : s the month. " a during the month. ia » © Hour. = aa al E se | Max. | Min. | Diff. & 3 / Max. | Min. | Diff a =a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) ) O Mid- night.| 30.053 | 30.196 | 29.925 | 0.271 62.5 70.5 55.5 15.0 1 .043 .180 .907 iia 61.8 70.0 54.8 15.2 2 034 .162 .894, .268 61.1 69.5 54.2 15.3 3 024 148 .878 .270 60.5 68.8 53.3 15.5 4 .O17 .138 .869 .269 59.9 68.2 52.7 15.5 5 .028 149 .882 .267 oe b 67.7 52.0 15.7 6 042 .t68 .897 272 58.7 67.5 51.5 16.0 7 O61 184 .916 .268 58.4 66.6 51.4 15.2 8 .088 215 .962 .253 59.9 68.3 53'0 15.3 9 my bd es 241 .983 .258 64.4 72.0 58.0 14.0 10 122 249 991 .258 68.3 75.6 63.0 12.6 11 105 223 974 249 71.3 77.0 64.3 12.7 Noon. 077 193 945 .248 73.4 79.6 63.8 15.8 i 043 .158 sOLE 247 74.6 82.7 63.0 19.7 2 .O18 .130 .882 .248 75.7 83.6 62.2 21.4 3 000 104 854 .250 76.2 84.5 61.8 22.7 4 29.990 .095 .836 Le, 74.8 83.0 61.0 22.0 5 .995 O94 .876 218 Fak 81.2 61.0 20.2 6 30.009 116 .890 .226 70.4 76.6 61.5 15.1 7 .026 141 .903 .238 68.4 74.6 61.2 13.4 8 045 .168 .920 .248 66.9 74.0 60.5 13.5 s .060 .L96 .939 257 65.7 73.5 58.7 14.8 10 .067 .209 or (27a 64.6 72.0 57.3 14.7 11 .062 .200 .939 261 63.5 ORM 56.8 14.2 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. iv Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of January 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). a ‘ iJ TP eeer ee ee: : = 2 ® uy) (eas See Mae A - Ay é. i Fo |tese Age 2 © . © & se HE |e ox FE 8 3 8 2 32 |F es loss Hour. a 3 fe; : 2 ie = = 5 Be br i” 2 5 ee . ~ oes ee = 2; | HS | ES | 888 8s Fo g FQ [or Pd = 8, g 3 | i ica! = bg LE 2 bs : br a8 S re es Meee a= q A 3 qe Slit 5 ae 8 sos oO oO re) o Incheg:4)* "D.Sger./" DSee Mid- night./ 59.3 3.2 56.4 6.1 0.464 5.18 ddky 0.82 ] 58.8 3.0 56.1 5.7 459 14, .07 .83 2 58.2 2.9 55.6 5.5 452 .06 .02 .83 3 57.7 2.8 55.2 5.3 445 00 0.97 84 4 57.3 2.6 55.0 4.9 442 4.97 .88 85 5 56.9 2.4 54.7 4.6 .438 92 82 .86 6 56.4 2.3 54.3 4.4 432 87 wt .86 7 56.1 2.3 54.0 4.4, .428 .82 76 86 8 57.1 2.8 54.6 5.3 437 91 94 84 9 59.9 4.5 55.8 8.6 455 5.06 1.68 75 10 61.9 6.4 56.8 11.5 470 18 2.42 .68 1l 63.0 8.3 56.4 14.9 464 .08 3.25 .61 Noon.| 63.6 9.8 55.8 17.6 455 4.96 91 56 1 63.8 10.8 56.2 18.4 461 5.02 4.18 .00 2 64.4 11.3 56.0 19.2 465 .06 45 3 3 64.4 11.8 56.1 20.1 459 4.99 .67 .o2 4, 63.5 41.3 55.6 19.2 452 .93 ao O38 5 63.6 9.5 56.0 17.4 458 5.00 3.79 oe 6 63.8 6.6 58.5 11.9 .498 AT 2.63 .68 7 63.1 5.3 58.9 9.5 504, .56 .06 73 8 62.2 4.7 58.4 8.5 496 48 1.80 75 9 61.5 4,.2 58.1 7.6 ADL 44 08 78 10 60.8 3.8 57.8 6.8 .486 40 38 .80 1l 60.1 3.4 57.0 6.5 473 27 .28 81 All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. Vv Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, au the month of January 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. iat cai: WInp. : G8 E22 ary oe s 48 zee ehae 4 & | es General aspect of the Sky. S mt bees irection. Solas OQ an tal are = S o Inches: lb. |Miles. | 1,130.0; .. | WNW&NE|... | 70.2| B. Foggy from midnight to Pao. & 7 to 1 pom. iscsi. | ook des by Wi) .. | 50.8; Btolla.mu.,itode.m. B tollp. m. Foggy trom 2 to 8 a.m. Sees ea aby We aby HW) 4, )106.7| Bto 44. m.,\_ito 84. m., tod Pim) B to 8 Pam <2 $6 ily, M. Pao ee ee GN NE) 4. | 246.1) wito 4a.m.B to 11 2. . Slightly foggy at 11 p. m. 6) 127.0; ... INNE&N by W) ... | 143.4) BShghtly foggy at 64a. mu. & from 8 to 10 PM. m6) 1306) ... NbyH&NN W'..:. | 140.1| Btolr.m., Wi toé6r.m.B ito Il pM. wales .6) ...°| N by H&N W |... | 145.7 | Bto2P.M.,\1 to 4p. mM. B to Li Pm. 81 128.8; ... NWE&NE . }18801)|"& Bto 4 P.M., \1 to 8pm: B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy from 7 to 1l Pp. M. 9129.0) 5... NE .. | 99.4] B. Slightly foggy from 5 to’ | Va.mM. &9toll p.m. 10; 129.05). 3 NE 63.8} B Foggy from midnight to 8 la.M.&at7&8P.M. 5 Se S&N W 99.9| Btolla.m.,\1todrp.m. B : Ito 1l p.m. Slightly foggy from 6 to 8 A. M. 2 aION) ) a2. SSW .. | 865} Bto3dr.m., Lito8rp. um. B to 11 p.m. Foggy from 2 to 8 a.m. 13} 124.0] ... SSW &WN W | 1.0; 174.7| B. AAW 126.0: |° » 2 NNE&NW | 0.4/ 170.9; B. Slightly foggy from 7 to ll P. M. a 130.0; .. |WSW&NW_... | 88.7) B. Slightly foggy from 8 to il Pp: M. 16; 129.8| ..... |W by S &W byN| ... | 80.7] B. Slightly foggy at 6 & 7 A. M. A7135.0.0 SSW &W |...| 89.9} Btolla.m, nito5p. mu. B to Tt Pom: TS) LGS.Ob |: ie NNW,N&ENE | ... | 118.8) Bto7a.m., \i to 12 a.m. B | to; 11 P.M, \iCirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ~1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle. vl Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of January 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. . > © 8 5 0 WIND. : 3 MB ibs - ae or tlhe es ey te) auere Prevailing Ke 4S ES = S Ean direction. = & ay c o |Inches Ib | Mile. 19|126.0/} .. ENE&WNW)... | 92.3 20) 121.0 WNWé&Wbys 114.8 81131201"... (Weby BL NEN Wo Fae 22) 133.0 Sw&é&wwN WwW 76.4 23) 135.6 Sw 109.1 24) 134.2 SW&ss Wi" .a 1149.3 25 0.49 |SS W,N& E by N} 1.0 | 189.0 , 135.0 E by N& Variable} ... | 96.3 27| 129.0 ENE&NE 84.5 [N W a 125.5 NE,EN E& W 92.6 29 134.8 SW & Variable 64.9 4 132.0) 0.22 | SSW &S W | 2.4] 119.4 3] 125.0 0.23 |SW& WS W | 115.3 General aspect of fhe Sky. B to 5 Al'M., \i. to 740 a B tollp.m. Slightly foggy at 11 P. M. Chiefly B Slightly foggy at midnight 1 a.m. & ll P. Mm. B to 11 a. ™., Ciie- 62a, B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy at midnight 1 from 6 to 8 a. Mm. & 7 toll vp. . B to 4. Mt, 1.1 to WIS, “i to 5p.mM. Bto 1l p.m. Foggy at midnight & from 5 to 10 a.m. B to 6 a. M. “i to AL a to4p.m., \\i toll pm. Foggy from 2 to 9 a. M. B to 8 a.m., “ito 4 p.m. B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy from 5 to SAM. Biol a. my. Ci te 2 eer to 4p. m., \Wi to 11 Pp. Mm. Slight R from 10 a. uM. to 4 P. M. Bto9 A.M; ite 126 ae, “ito7 Pr. mM. Bto 9p. M., Ni to ll P. Mv. \a to 1a. iB to 7A Sa tollp.m. Foggy.at6 &7 a. M. & from 7 to 10 P. M. Bto 3Pr.m., \i to6 P.M. B tollp.m. Foggy at8&9 p.m. Bto9a.M., ~1t02P. M., \i to ll vp. um. Slightly foggy from 6 to 8 a. M. Ni & \Wi to 6 a.m. O to 9 A.m., ito 4P.m. 0 toll Pp. wu. Toa SatlOop.m.T& Ratdp. m. Scuds to2 a.m. O toll a. m., orto 3p. w.°O toll vim, Te & Slight R from 55 to 103 Pp. m. Ni Cirri,—i Strati, ©i Cumuli, i Cirro-strati, a_i Cumulo-strati, \._i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-eumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. =o Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of January 1874. Monruiy Rrsvutrs. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month .., ws. 30.047 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. M. on the 19th . 30.249 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. mw. on the 30th se 29.856 Letreme range of the Barometer during the month oe va... aaa Mean of the daily Max. Pressures aes “ie = we 30.124 Ditto ditto = Min. ditto ae os. 29.983 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month aa Var tat ey) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ie wis coc =O Max. Temperature occurred at 3 y. Mm. on the 12th... re 2 7 865 Min. Temperature occurred at 7 A. uw. on the 9th =e oo, tery Extreme range of the Temperature during the month NM Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... - a Sea = © Ditto ditto Min. ditto, so : 58.1 Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., Zech lees Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month em, GO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 5.7 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month <<, SOOuE Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point .<, 20 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month oe bes ve 0.459 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month wh 5 Additional ‘Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... 2.07 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.71 re) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .,,.. e. * Toees Inches. Rained 3 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours aaa <— O88 Total amount of rain during the month we 0.94 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month d ea 2s 0.82 Prevailing direction of the Wind ae rae N. a & S. Ww: Height 70 feet 10 inches above grount, vill Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Jan. 1874. Montuty REsttts. | Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. Meteorological Observations, UO URI i “My Aq* NT = Sc a oO A AON ANM ‘uo UlBY a Qa Ane a Ss A ae AMADMDHARANHM an "NUN ‘ao ure UO WIRY "MN M ‘U0 Wey NQ FAA ARTA A HAA AMAN HT BMMAAOOOOCVWVAAN AN RAANAIAIAIAA i> | AAAAMMNAAAN TS 5 3 4. 4 = - By z ‘uo Ue AA ee) | mt ONNN A Ae ‘UO UlRy m rer ae A ANANANAATRHH NR BH AeA aA eS “MSM "UO ULB re Sedna A oa eRe oe — iS aSsqtneae > HO 19 10 10 SHO OD OD OO SH We) FANN A SH Ht HH “uo ue yy “Mk “Sics: ‘uO UBIY MM Aq "gs UO WIRY pe ee SS ‘uo UIRY “a Aq ‘8 ‘uo Urey ane ‘U0 WILY fn PhS. “UO WIRY iG dese fi “UO UI’ “s Aq “or ‘uO Ul fin fe es “uo UlBY "Nr AQ “of ‘dO WILT “A ON CO ‘UO UI¥IT “OH ON “m0 UIVIT oe o NN ‘UO UIBIT “I kq is ‘HO UIVIY “NU 10 LD 1D 10 LO et co E B 6 5 . moi Bie ae Hour.) © = A a S ae © 8 | OB te O si we) = 2 a 2 ‘O'S ‘ao iE a Pe | | | G4 Be | Bees eee g ‘ q Pas 7 = =e « i A A 3 aol = at ele ihe O re) re) ra) Inches. | T. gr. Ly, ee Mid- night.| 66.5 26 66.4, 4.7 | 0.605 6.67 lai 0.86 1 66.1 2.4 64.2 4.3 601 £4 1 * »0T 87 2 65.7 22 63.9 4.0 595 58 0.93 88 3 65.3 22 63.5 4.0 588 50: 202 88 4 65.1 2.0 63.5 3.6 588 50 82 89 5 64.8 1.9 63.3 3.4 584 AT 76 90 6 64.5 1.9 63.0 3.4 57 Al 76 89 7 64.4 1.9 62.9 3.4 576 39 76 89 8 65.0 2.6 62.9 4.7 576 37 1.07 86 9 66.1 4.3 62.7 | 572 29 81 48 10 66.8 6.1 61.9 11.0 557 09 2 64 70 11 67.3 8.0 61.7 13.6 554 02 3.38 G4 Noon.| 68.0 9.2 61.6 15.6 552 5.97 98 60 1 | 68.5 | 10.0 61.5 17.0 550 95 4.40 58 2 68.6 | 10.6 61.2 18.0 44 88 68 56 3 69.0 10.7 61.5 18.2 550 94 Wo 5d 4 69.0 | 10.6 61.6 18.0 552 95 74 56 5 63.7 96 62.0 16.3 559 6.05 23 59 6 69.3 6.6 64.7 11.2 611 65 2.92 70 7 | 68.6 5.3 64.9 9.0 615 73 28 75 8 68.1 4.4 64.6 a) 609 67 1.96 " h. sher' 675 3.9 64.4 70 605 65 70 80 WO, |87.0 3.5 64.2 65 601 61 EY) 81 1 | 66.9 | 2.9 64.6 5.2 | .609 71 2 8d, | | | ae aceite — All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. Xxili Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, | in the month of February 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. 4 s 3 oP : WIND. ws 5.25 © | ay ¢ ae . a Prevualines ‘ a) 2 General aspect of the Sky. 31 Ss 3 rane, direction. =s/qs Sea ae cil o Inches: bh |Miles. | 1) 124.0; 0.80 |E NE & Variable} 1.0 | 208.9) Oto7 a. uw, \i to5ep. m. ‘ | Otollrp.uw.T& Lat 6h a.m. Ri from 6 to 7 a. M. 2; 132.0; 0.15 [Eby N & WhbyS 154.2; Oto6 a.m., \ni to-9 A. M., “1 &_ito 11 vp. m. Slightly foggy from 7 to9 & at ll P.M. Slight R from midnight to 5 A. M. 31098; ... |\WNW&EbyN... | 93.6; Btola. m., \Wi tol v.m., “ito 4 p.m. Btoll v.m. Foggy from midnight to 3 A. M. 4| 133.4) ... Eby N&E 126.4), Bito’ 4. m., \ai to’ Term. nito6p.m.O to 9P. M.\Ui to ll p.m. Light R at 72 & 8} P. M. 27) 182:0| ... (WS W& WhyN| ;.. | 760) Bto6s.m.-0 to: 8 ami, “i to6 p.m. Btoll Pp. mM. 28' 136.0! ... WSW & WwW 59.8; Bto2p.m.,\i4 Pp. mu. Bto 11 vp. m. Foggy from 5 to7 a. m. \i Cirri,—i Strati, ©i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ni Cumulo-strati, W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightnin R. rain, D drizzle. ee eee Meteorological Observations. xv Abstract of the [Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of February 1874. Monruipty Rersvutts. “ Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the morth oe yee 29.955 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. m. on the 16th ... 30.182 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. mM. on the 10th ves 29.703. Lixtreme range of the Barometer during the month de .. 0.479 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures om a5 72.2 Max. Temperature occurred at 4 ». M. on the 22nd me iw, 89.2 Min. Temperature occurred at 7 4. M. on the 16th.. : 57.0- Lixtreme vange of the Temperature during the month ae 32.3 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... aii dar ie 80.8 Ditto ditto Min. ditto, tae ca. Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month va ee Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month BOS Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 5.3 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month ' 1, 62.45 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point bs 9.5. Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month Sv va vee > 0.572" 7 Troy grain.’ Mean Weight of Vapour for the month wa st 6.26 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... - 2.29 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.73 Oo Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., w -130.9 Inches. Rained 8 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours cd ae 2.01 Total amount of rain during the month ve) BATT Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month es 3.17 fas Seins direction of the Wind 8. 8. W., S. W. & E. by N. Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. Montuty REsvtts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Feb. 1874. number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. Meteorological Observations, ‘ud UIRY A Aq°N a chek re aad ARAN "UO ULB ST ; ane aa = = ‘uo UITY “MA “NT. a Are HAHAAND 0D DAANMDAAAAANNA ‘uo WIRY SStteays AMANANMMDRA A MAN AAR M'N'M = ie ia _— ae A "UO UNI Kay eres (ta hn ern rnin Ate MIRED cs Teil is fiao al bi naa li Galilei) © ‘U0 UleIT . M re men NAA Ree ac ASMA NANANANAN A "U0 UleIY a 9 Re ee : es ms moe AmN AQ mA oO SH OD aN “8 Aq" A ieee "uO UIN~T TrAtaean § OD) MMM COMAAWAAMMA CCD Rt SA M'S'M z "UO ULL =) ; “A'S AQ MMAMDDAMDAAAWOO DO HWwMmMMDMDANANAR ty UleyT on = "MSS (We) 1D 10.19 1 6 2D SASH He manent AROMA OOKRre “moO UVBIIT cae "M 4q‘9 ‘UO UIeIT Bie Sere ses) ‘U0 URI “ad 4q ‘8 ‘U0 WIR SSS ‘uO WIC] “H “S ‘U0 WIR TSH ‘UO URI] ° : Qa § Aq “a "U0 UIvY] rei bom lo | mere rei ra V_— “oT fe} ARMA NAN TARA AN ine) ANANMOA NRA AAAS "0 U1Byy rei mer ee “ny Lg “ay DT MMANAANIAANAD A ADAAAMADM OCR "U0 UIVIT acd aa SaaRP, Cee AMARA A A SAA AAA ae Ge = “UO UIVIT ae ol “oT NT = SAMA NOMARQANA NS | "MO ULeyy = “NON HAANd —-Ad A ae LO ULB aT Eee = ci ae ae ae ‘do WNIT a ake ogre A AAA AN FF a) AWA AAA SS) . pe | a bey rs] = GF ANQMADHORnDROH FC HAMAHOnRDOAOH ° ard ° me bd fe A = i —.- - e Meteorvlogical Observations. XXV Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken. at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of April 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Bast. Heightof the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Ilyerometrical elements dependent thereon. ~ fe - ie g _ | Range of the Barometer "3 Range of the Tempera- "Sh Bg during the day. A S ture during the day. 3 ro) LR Date. ee : e | ar bet ; a5 SS He Max. Min. Dif. 3 aa Max. Min. Dit. | a) sot Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. fe) ES ao o 1 | 29.721 | 20.785 | 29.648 | 0.1387 | 84.5 94.2 78.5 | 15.7 2 751 821 .690 181 | 84.3 94..0 "S51 155 3 .810 884 759 125 | 82.6 89.4, “78 | 11.6 4 801 .873 72) 152 | 84.6 928 | 80.0! 128 5 782 855 709 146 | 83.8 93.5 | 75.81 17.7 6 .830 .900 765 1385 | 82.8 90.7 mag’ || 1a 7 865 | 940 .809 131] 82.5 91.0 | 476.5) 145 8 822 902 739 .163 82.4, 90.0) (ye |! TO 9 M66.) 8295) 4.6924) CERO}, 8307 O99 | 457 |) 16 10, 805 873 740 ae | 6407 93.7 | 47.41 16.3 HW 818 .900 Jol 169 86.7 99.8 | 78.6 91.92 12 | 791 .890 .683 07 68a) | 1035. | 79.4 | 24.1 dai) - 0557 .835 674 161 | 86.8 OG oun) lag 14 | 738 .810 .655 155 87.4: 98.2 - | 80.0 | 18.2 15 | 197 .860 feo pa 86.2 | 965.0 80.0 | 15.0 16 .831 912 751 161 85.6 94.3 79.5 | 14.8 eld. Gay 856 | 687 169 | 86.7 98.5 78.7 | 19.8 Bells 423 G5 |) N6s8 1) &IS7:|) 87. || 99.2 78.5 | 20.7 9 | .690 .740 634 .106 86.4, 95.6 80.8 | 14.8 20 718 788 .658 3325 86.2 94.5 80.5 | 14.0 21 .766 .832 .690 142 85.8 93.7 SOI |) 137 92 £700 BY ie: .609 164 Seis 96.4 80.5 | 15.9 23 .667 721 615 .106 87.5 99.7 79.6 + 20.1 24 745 .820 .665 155 84.8 92.5 79.0 | 13.6 25 OTE 857 eel 146 87.5 98.8 80.4 | 18.4 26 .766 .843 .684, 59 85.3 94.3 78.5 | 15.8 a7 FL. .838 .660 178 84.3 92.5 {to |) 266 28 805 .808 122 .186 80.8 91.9 [Oo |) 2s 29 725 815 .649 .166 84.3 94.0 74.8 | 19.2 30 24 .804, 627 wii 82.8 95.0 jaz | 218 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. XXVI1 Meleorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of April 1874, dependent thereon.—(Condinwed.) A EP ED AP mn Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements eR Ne EE INS EE SE TRE NE TE | ‘ ? : , Cy | = Cal Soap, ue eall ae aaa | | Sera x 8 Ss | ee as pa SROn Ra) el ie ea a Bap hae g 2s |B ae |o2 tp Date. R: Pp beac te) ioe Shard ae Rie ns @ a8 Pal Box) Bo | Ger) iene ee eee ie) = ) Sue A 3 mae (866 & 4 p> 5 Fsny o> OD Ses oo 8 ee aoe aes = O Q = =o i: = ewe fe) ) fe) Inclies:*) “Eger. 2h er gy 6). 89858 4) 69 74.5 10.0 | 0.840 | 9.00 3.35 0.73 Bers.) B16 74.8 9.5 849 07 21 74, S40) 478 | 48 74.4 8.2 .838 .00 2.68 bi 4a 789 | 8:9 74.6 10.0 843 02 Bay, 78 Oe ea es ee 67.6 16.2 672 7.20 | 4.90 .60 Go) F769 6.1 72.4 10.4 785 8.43 3.32 2 7 76.7 5.8 72.6 9.9 799 49 6 73 8 6.7 | 5.7 72.7 9.7 792 51 10 73 9 78.3 | 5.4 74.5 9.2 840 9.01 .06 76 10-| 79.7 5.0 76.2 8.5 887 49 2.93 76 1] 80.2 6.5 76.3 10.4 .890 50 3.68 72 12 79.6 8.7 74.4 13.9 .838 8.89 4.91 64 13 80.6 6.2 76.9 9.9 .908 9.66 3.56 73 14 | 80.3 ie 76.0 11.4 882 139 4.06 70 15 79.7 6.5 joa ria 1857 aig 3.86 70 16 78.8 6.8 74.0 11.6 827 8.82 94, .69 17 794 |) Z78ei >) 960 Ley 854, 9.09 4.09 .69 18 B00 |: Yala ew 11.4 873 .30 .03 70 19.:| 802 || 62 75.9 10.5 .879 .36 3.70 72 90° «|| 80.5 a7 76.5 9.7 896 56 43 74 21:7 Sie). GAct ree 9.2 899 59 24, 75 22 | 81.3 CONT 1 | HT 9.6 931 .90 51 74 3.) gia | | G50 77.9 9.6 £937 .96 53 74 B4 | Oa || 5.4 75.6 9.2 871 21 15 75 25 79.2 8.3 74.2. | 183 832 8.85 4.64, 66 26 79.4, 5.9 75.3 10.0 .862 9.21 3.43 73 7 78.1 6.2 73.8 10.5 822 8.78 50 72 28 73.7 7.1 68.7 12.1 697 7.51 56 68 29 75.7 8.6 | 69.7 14.6 | .720 .69 4.59 63 3 75.1 | jo O98 4 134 | .720 72 03 66 | Ajl the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. ATeteorological Observations XXvi} Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of April 1874. Yourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elementa dependent thereon. gy | ‘68 Range of the Barometer | & | Range of the ‘'empera- ee is for each hour during 6 5 ture for each hour rk the month. a: | during the month. Hour.| = a5 a 5 | AM os a5 ee ee oo Max. Min. Diff. oa aes Min. |» Diff, | as | = | eal aay Inches. | Inches. | Tnelies. Inches. | re Oo 0 o | | | | | Mid- | | | | | | night.| 29.771 | 29.867 | 29.666 | 0.201 | 80.7 | 84.5 72.0 12.5 eee 761 | ‘855 | 653 | 202 | 80,2 | 82.8 72.0 10.3 2 Pog eaweeon i628 22.) 79.8.) | 826-| 72.8 9.7 3 Pad (ete Ge 215 | 794 | 825 | 73.3 9.2 Peni ees | WG seo | 178.9) 818° | 71.5 10.3 5 oUt a.n0e ) a eda aaa ff 78.4) 80.8 70.5 10.3 6 en) tees ea urenOune2e8, |. 178.4.) | 81.0 70.5 10.5 eee e hee e208 | 179.3 | 82.0 71:5 10.5 8 oe oer aes neg. | St.7 )| 84.5 163 | \-82 9 ofan 20) aero eto, | 184.9 | 87.8 810°) 68 10 eta) Soe ia) oe 87.8 | 91.9 84.2 ta 11 Bee Sage) Be, | 90.7 | 95.2 | 86.8 | » 8:4 Su 808 | | 907 | | .698 | |.209 996 | (O77 | 1878 9.9 1 779 881 80) 1201 |. 193.8 | 99.8 | 388.5 Ls 2 751 856 668 | 1.193.) (944 .| 101.6 | 89.4 12.1 3 723 oi) wea?) °) 294 94.6 | 103.0 | 88.8 142 4 708 815 fea eed 98.9) 108.5") 388.0 15.5 5 .696 809 | .609 | .200 | 91.7 | 199.4" 1850 14.4 6 706 814 618 | .196 88.7 | 96.4 | 83.5 11.9 a 728 824, 634 | .190 |. 85.8 89.5 | 82.0 7.5 8 751 Sige it 2655 "|. }.191 83.5 87.0") S76 13.5 9 778 855 ser 4 183 See Mh ee hae ‘11.7 10 91 .886 rc ree 2209 81.1 SH) SF iO 13.0 11 784, .876 674 25.202 80.7 83.5 | 72.0 11.5 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. XXVI Meteorological Observations. Abstract. of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of April 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continwed). ; i MH ee ee el fe 6 gH | SS ales a= a 2 © Bee $y. 242s 4 E PY R = > oO Bp © a4 Pel Sas = © i= Me © "SS | “SE 8 Sion 3 3 | © S 4s 28 | Beale oe Hour.) & a A ia ‘6 os aS é a DS, bp fa Sas 2 % = Ss; oo |S, Sass | BS e = 2 aie| le EE a Bees aa ; Fg 38 is Bis ees Fab oh eae bs | bso ae ae |e se | eos | Sq E 8 Ru | oe | ga | oe 8 loos | A ‘S| A a Be tT 64 7 79.2 6.6 54.6 11.2 843 9.00 3.83 70 8 78.4 5.1 74,8 8.7 849 09 2.9) 768 9 78.0 4.1 75.1 7.0 £857 sa 200 80 ae eae 3.7 54.8 6.3 84,9 15 02 | 82 il | 77.1 | 3.6 74.6 6.1 843 09 1.95 82 | | | | All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. ! Meteorological Observations. Xx1x Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culculta, im the month of April 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. a bee. WIND. ee ro eS Ord O-8 |&a S| aS eee wy 9 Ae Abene S | Rrovailine Ae bp = | Genera aspect of the Sky. 8 oF ‘a, direction. Seg ALA | ay | E 0 Inches: Ib |Muiles. 1 PAZ lint, 3 SW&Ss 0.9 | 208.9) Bto2a.m.StoGa.m.\-ito3e.m. | ‘B to 7 vp. Mm. Seuds to 11 P. at. 2) BAL.B,| 2 SSW&S W |02:) 189.2; Scuds to24.m. Bto7a. m., Loe tol? ws Me 15 blo Pe te oe | to 5 Pym. B to 1] pier, a beGep Wy -..., S&SS W 2.0| 169.7) Scudsto9a.m., “ito 8 Pp. m. ‘B to ll p.m. Brisk wind from 104.mM.tollep.m.T at5rv. m. ‘Lat 7 p.m. D at 5} p.m. 4, 144.0 "S&8SW 1.0| 258.5 Scuds to 9 a. ., ai to 2 P.M. | |B to 8 p. Mm. Scuds to 11 P. Mm. ech SS W&SW |... |176.3| Scuds to2 4. mu. Btoll p. m. 6| 140.7 ra Sby W&S G2.) 112.3) Bto 6 a. uM. \W1 tel p.m, “i : to 3 p.m. Bto9 p.m. S toll p.m. 7| 140.2 SSE&S by W 0.9) 142.3, Bto2a.m. Scuds to6 a4. m. rato a ev. w. Bitolliv, M. 8) 142.2]... pLDy Wid) S 4) 0:35) 211.94 B to. da. wu. O to Ga.m.,-Ti ito 124.m. Btoll p.m. o- 147.0)... S&S by E aap 4) 277.2 |, -Chiefly: B. 10). F46.04- -..., Sby EH&S 0.8 | 182.7| Chiefly B. ge or oe a SW &SS W |... | 225.1) B to 2 a. m., scuds to 8 A. M. ‘Bto-8 Pp; m., V1 to LI P. mM. 12\ 164.7; ... SSW&WSW|.../165.8, Bto2a. m., Scuds to7 a.m. \B to 11 P. M. 13) 144.6| ... SSE 0.2) 126.2) Bto 34. m., Scuds to 6 4. m. iSto9a.m. Bto9 p.m.S tollp.m. ¥4\ 143.0; «.. | Shy B&SSE /1.9/ 165.5; Sto3a.m. Bto2e.mu.,1& 4 to 4e.mM. Bto 9p. M., Scuds, to 11 Pp. mw. 15} 144.5)... N) 0.4) 193.5; Clouds of Different kinds to ll p.m. Btoll Pp. mM. 16, J45.0|. :,, SSW 1.7 | 275.5 | B. Brisk wind from 8} 4. m. | ito 55 P. M. 17/ 145.9 |... SSW &S W | 0.5; 277.6; -B. 18/150.0| ... |ISSW&S by W) 1.0} 258.4 Chiefly B. Brisk wind from 1 sO. LL P.M. $9),145.08 4, ¥,, Sby W&S | 0.8/ 242.4) Bto2a.m., Scuds to 9 a.m. Bto 4 p.m., \i to7p.m. Scudsto11P.m. \ iCirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~1 Cumulo-strati, »_i Nimbi, ° . . = \ . . \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle. XXX Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations - tuken at the Surveyor Genera’’s Office, Catculta, in the mouth of April 1874. Solar Radiation. Weather. &e. WIND. tu o vo eh ge Sia | eo 1s So] = | Wasgaes: 5S 5 Vs ed », & | General aspect of the Sk 3g] i= sae Prevailing bt ee ee oes i es Sw Nets ie 17ee ] SS ma 3S aS Als = ee) direction. a 211A 3 | je" Au > Ad icuint eG Tneches | th ; Mile. 20) 144.0 SSWeé&S 0.5 | 268.2; Bto3a.m., Seuds to 6 a4. u., Ai & \1 to 11 B. Mu. SI) 14:0) 3; SSW&S8S 0.6°| 272.8 Oto 3 a.m. % to 3 par’Ote.7 Pp. M.,\_ito9P. m., Seuds to 11 Ip. Ms Lon W at 8 Pp. mM. 22)'148:0)). 3. S&S S W 0.3 | 260.5! B to 4 a. M., seuds to 9 a. m. B to ll a. m., \ito2 Pp. mu. B to 4p. M., \ito 11 P.M. 23| 146:0} ... S&58S by E 0.8 | 233.5; Scuds toel a. Mm. B toda. M. S to 8 4.m.. 8 to!) 2 pare Nao 7 P.M. Bitoll Peat. 24) 145.0 | 0.20 |S, Sby W&S by FE) 0.3 | 207.3) Scuds tol a.m. B to4a.m., Nai to 12 4. Oto. 7 & ar. to 11 P. mM. Tat lh. 34% Pom M. L on W at 7. m. Light R at 1, 3 & 62 P.M 25) 140%)" 2. S&S S W 0.471 146.1% °S! to" a. Mt. NAL HO" TO Re m,, \i to 7 phm., \1 tober? we 96| 146.0 -s.% Sos tas 0.9 | 206.6| Chiefly Ni. 24| 144.5 |.0.28 |SS E& SS W192 260.3) Na to) A. Mod bo 1 ee ‘High wind between 8 & 9 P.M. Tat9p.m. Lat9& llpou.R ‘between 8 & 9 P. M. 28) 145.0} 0.21; S & Variable | 8.5 | 222.6! Clouds of different kinds to 4 A. SS’ Nato 7 4. aS Bite: B a ae, | \_i to 6p. M.O toll v.m. High iwind from 33 to 4¢ a. M., & 9% to lie. m.L & Slight R between 3 & 4a. M. & from 93 toll Pp. mu. Zo) 1450 | = S& NN W 3.0| 198.0} Oto 5 a.m., \Wi-to 2P. mM. Bto 5 p.m. O to ll p. m. High wind from Midnight to 1 a.m & at 95 p.m. T & L between 6& 7 Pp. M. 30) 142.0; 0.81) S W & Variable | 7.2) 134.2) \itola.m. Bto4 a4. M., \ni to 7 a. uw. Seuds to 10a.°m. “i to 7 p.m. O to lle. Mt High wind at72p.m.T&L from 62 e toll vp. m. R from 73 tol0 p.m. Ni Cirri,—i Strati, ©i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~i Cumulo-strati, \W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, JT’ thunder, L a hice g R. rain, D drizzle, “i Meleorological Observations. XXxxl Abstract of the Leesulls of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the. Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, wn the month of April \874. Monruny Resvuvrs. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ,,, .. 29.768 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9 a. M. on the 7th: ye 29.940 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 Pp. m. on the 22nd vs 29.609 Hetreme range of the Barometer during the month a ie hat Mean of the daily Max. Pressures Sige Ate A .. 29.842 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ity .. 29.692 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month We oe On150 0 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month an “ete Goa — Soa Max. ‘Temperature occurred at 4 ». M. on the 12th are a LORS Min. Temperature occurred at 5 & 6 4. M. on the 28th : 70.5 Betreme range of the Temperature during the month as 33.0 Mean of the datly Max. Temperature _... me saa 95.0 Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, se woe ee bee Mean daily vange of the Temperature during the month ,,, «eich SPD ioe Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ise, OO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.5 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month sony, WARGO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean n Dew- -point jen, eee Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ny, ee ws 0.827 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month sa 8.84 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... 3.73 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.70 0 Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ... il 145.9 Inches. Rained 5 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours ase we =—«0..81. Total amount of rain during the month ve, yh Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month fe vee “: . ‘99 Prevailing direction of the Wind ee ats 'S.& 8. 8S. W. * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground, XxXXll Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of April 187 MontHuy ReEsvuts. ays on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the ¢ Tables shewing the number of d number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. MO WIRY "M AQ*N Meteorological Observations, “uo ULW YT MUN UN ‘UO UIBIT 1 kN “uo ULVAT TAC “UO WIR “N Aq* AS 1 “UO UlVAT ae NS “uO U IBYT “s Sq-m | “uO ULVAT "MS" aA “UO UlBYy Pe MOS: eo Ure “wi'S “8 “uo URIY "mM 4q "9 "U0 UlBIL ‘Cae HH HOD G10 OH} ote HAHA rc oo BRRHADWOWMWDHDDOAaN as or 10 eee Se re ee wo CO SH 10 10 G1) CO SH CO SH SH XH IN eS Oa ee OOrir-rrreoatst os ‘uO UII a AGS FOO AMAA AN “uo URAL a Ss An AMO AAA uo WILY | pee ‘U0 UV] So ANMN les eS | mag "UO URI "g Aq “a ‘HO WIRY “OL UO UIVIT eC mom "Uo WIRy “TON “OL "UO WIRY “TN 000) Ue ‘NN “TO UIA “U0 WRAL Sr Sie 1 J 1 = Mid night HOS Fin or~Oadond onion! Noon, AO Hin ON Oa Ores loniitone| Meteoroloyical Observations. xxxiil Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Bast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. Cy 4 ‘ a Range of the Barometer | ‘2 # Range of the Tempera- eh a during the day. ine ture during the day. oo ‘fs Date.) 4 at R g | ta Ets é; , au Re 2 Max. Min. an cs Max. Min. Diff. Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) Oo O 1 99.717 | 29.787 | 29.630 0.157 82.9 94.5 72.9'| 21.6 2 .688 155 609 .146 86.9 97.5 79.0 | 18.5 3 664. ou O96 143 87.3 98.5 80.4 | 18.1 4 > .638 .684, 587 .097 86.0 93.5 80.0 | 13.5 5 ies. | 726) 67 | (411! 869 | 95.6 80.9 | 14.6 6 690 | = .7 45 .649 .096 87.0 94.5 80.6 | 13.9 ig .680 149 624 125 87.8 96.9 Sl) Tea 8 623 695 545 150] 88.4 | 96.0 82.8 | 13.2 9 - .605 661 000 1d 87.2 95.6 $13) Bs wl 697 689 bie) 1176 | 86.6 | 93.6 81.6 | 12.0 fr). 536-) | B77 457 120) 88.4 | 98.8 82.2 | 16.6 12 080 £700 510 Pa 8 86.6 93.5 76.5 { 17.0 i3 664 132 iF 155 83.4 91.5 76.0 | 16.5 14 684 152 .628 124 86.6 94.5 Sk.3-) 13.2 15 .619 694 518 176 87.8 96.5 82.4 | 14.1 16 528 593 .450 .143 89.1 98.5 82.3 | 16.2 i7 549 | .598| .496| .102| 893 | 98.6 83.5 | 15.1 18 580 .646 513 ASS 89.6 99.8 $3.5 | 16.3 19 BAT 605 459 | 146 | 90.2 | 101.5. 83.6 | 17.9 20 | .518 573 452} 121, 89.2 | 98.7 84.0 | 14.7 Se teint \567.| |.456'| \.111'| 90.0 | 1003 83.5 | 16.8 939 | 539| .687{| .490| :107| 89.6 | 98.0 3.8. | 14.2 23 "590 | .646| .592| 124] 882 | 96.0 82.0 | 14.0 24 .612 679 528 15] 87.4 | 93.8 81:5 | 12.3 25 .621 .683 622 AGE 86.2 94.5 78.9 | 15.6 26 616 660 519 141!) | 83.7 91.3 76.0 | 15.3 27 .608 674 537 bod 86.6 94.5 81:70}, 18.6 98 624 .690 556 134 84.2 90.9 | 80.2 | 10.7 99 564 608 | .457 151 85.5 OO:b ep” WisGae TAF 30 599 | 650) .524| .126|- 84.0 | 965 |~ 78.0) 18.5 2] 672 9A 616 108 86.3 95.6 | 78.0 | 17.6 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. XXXIV Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1874. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continuwed.) = a 4 =| ° Cy ° 'o4 5 6 r= S x 2 eS § F| = ps | OR ie o yy 2S pS ess H E cy + po | aps eee 2 © Ss & ‘2 | -o gift @ = 3 5 E S =e Sie, |S 2 ee -Q (2) ey oS Date. ae sa A 2 ‘6 ae 085 1 ee es a 2 a Colle. 2 oe o Oo ae) oS r2 Ss °o 2 cH | nor’ Fei 2 | & | da | 88 | BS | Seale og ra or Ty qa q ‘E = q ro Bs aa bh : rey. | SE. | 82 1 ees leas = A e) aA = == aay pe = o fe) Oo ) Inches... oT: pre Tee: 1 V6.7 6.2 72.4 10.5 0.785 8.41 3.38 0.71 2 80.6 6.3 76.8 10.4 905 9.63 .62 Be 3 80.6 6.7 76.6 10.7 899 .06 85 G1 4 78.8 7.2 73.8 12.2 822 8.76 415 .68 5 80.2 6.7 76.2 10.7 887 9.45 3.80 7k 6 80.0 7.0 75.8 112 .876 oe .96 70 at 80.3 7.5 {9.0 12.0 .876 ol 4.29 69 8 80.8 726 76.2 12.2 887 - 43 Al 6m * 9 80.2 7.0 76.0 11.2 .882 39 3.98 70 10 80.4, 6.2 76.7 9.9 .902 .60 54 she By | 81.1 7.3 16:7 11 .902 .86 4.28 .69 1g 81.4 5.2 78.3 8.3 949 10.12 3.02 at 13 78.5 4.9 75.1. 8.3 857 9.19 2.77 ET 14, 80.9 5.7 47.5 9.1 .925 .86 5 W-te) 5 15 81.6 6.2 77.9 9.9 .937 .96 64 a 16 82.2 6.9 Tou 1150 943 10.00 4.12 Bs Lu 83.1 6.2 79.4 9.9 .983 Al 3.80 aha 18 83.1 6.5 79.2 10.4 .976 .30 .98 2 19 - 82.8 7.4 78.4 11.8 .952 .06 4.53 .69 20 83.1 6.1 79.4 9.8 .983 41 3.79 74 21 83.0 7.0 78.8 11.2 .964 21 4.29 70 22 81.7 7.9 ae 12.6 .910 9.63 70 67. 23 81.3 6.9 7.2 11.0 .916 ie .03 wn. 24 81.2 6.2 77.5 9.9 .925 84 3.61 iva 25 79.7 6.5 ip.1 Tit 857 AS .86 70 26 79.0 4.7 40.7 8.0 873 .30 2.71 718 a7 |) 80:8 5.8 Gg 9.3 .919 .80 3.34 0 oe) S02 4.1 41.2 ‘/F .916 Bl 2.43 .80 29 | 79.1 6.4, 74.6 10.9 843 .00 Bite AS 30 | 77.9 6.1 73.6 10.4 817 8.75 42 We 31 | 49:2 ee | 74,2 12.1 832 87 4,15 .68 pS Voie ht A as cae Ajl the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. See eee Meteorological Observations XXXV Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, am the month of May 1874, Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon, S 3 Range of the Barometer 4 . Range of the Tempera- Oe for each hour during a 8 ture for each hour ce 2 a the month. nage during the month. c PO eae se ei EL ie ee ay ' Hour. 5 a A 2 S i ) Max: Min. Diff. e a Max. Min. Diff. AS ao Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) o o Mid- night.| 29.619 | 29.752 | 29.513 | 0.239 82.4, 86.0 73.8 12.2 1 613 737 1d 222 82.2 85.8 729 12.9 2 604 125 510} .215 81.9 85.5 72.9 12.6 3 594) 715 504 211 81.6 85.0 73.5 11.5 A, 593 G04 496 .208 81.3 84.4 73.5 10.9 5 .605 420 508 212 81.2 84.5 74.0 10.5 6 .622 43 520 .223 81.3 84.5 74.8 9.7 ve 641 J54 538 216 82.6 86.0 75.0 11.0 8 657 178 554 224) 85.2 88.9 18 8.3 9 664 .780 564 .216 88.0 91.0 82.8 8.2 10 664 (87 567 .220 90.4 94.0 85.6 8.4, 11 654 174 656 | .218 92.6 96.5 89.5 7.0 Noon. 639 shel ade |. 17 94.1 99.2 88.2 11.0 1 .619 weal O15 .216 Q5.2 100.8 89.8 11.0 2 595 .696 489 207 95.6 101.5 90.5 11.0 3 572 .675 455 .220 95.2 101.0 84.5 16.5 4, 552 664 452 212 94.4 99.0 84.5 14.5 5 ~ 046 654 450 .204 le. 96.0 82.5 13.5 6 559 .660 461 199 89.2 92.5 79.0 13.5 7 577 .670 473 AS? 86.9 90.0 78.3 Thy 8 .603 .698 487 211 85.5 88.0 78.2 9.8 9 .618 418 508 .210 84.1 87.8 72.0 10.8 10 627 128 528 .200 83.4 87.0 76.5 10.5 11 .623 11 Oodl .180 83.1 86.0 77.0 9.0 | The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. tuken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). 18) XXXVI Meteorological Observations. Abslract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations 4 ? = RG Sea fy Gadel 2 ¢ ak aie % Be | ea [BE = ee | ae 2 8 Sis | Sos me | 2 (ab) | o 5 Se) Mt a oe Cy ee La = > 5 > “4 Rs) 2 Se yl OR ey = | S) o ° © 42S Ss c.. ms | Hour., iia | = A 3 6 eS 2 = oS, of . a btiler due Byees rd 2 eo. thes @. © ieee [es = £ =; | BS | ES | €8B ess | q = Fa 5 oa a | 2 Said ae; oe Fa — P4@e yo’, | i lips + ae |e |e oe oie ;s8 | 4 8 Ka | ge | Ss | se 8 gee aie A 6) A = Par amipe | = ray | o 0 0 Inehes. | T. gr. | 'E. gr. Mid- night.; 79.2 | 3.2 77.0 5.4 0.910 9.79 1.82 0.84, 1 79.2 3.0 77.1 5.1 913 .82 ta 85 . 2 78.9 3.0 76.8 1 905 iB) Ay | 85 3 78.8 2.8 76.8 4.8 905 73 61 86 4 78.7 2.6 76.9 4,4, 908 78 46. BF 5 78.6 2.6 76.8 4,4 905 4) 46 87 6 78.8 2.5 77.0 4.3 .910 81 43 | 27 7 79.6 3.0 17.5 5.1 .925 94, 74 85 8 80.7 4.5 ‘Vie TE 925 .88 2.43 78 9 81.5 6.5 77.6 10.4 .928 .o7 3.81- 2 10 82.1 8.3 tik 13.3 .913 .66 5.01 .66 , il 82.8 9.8 76.9 15.7 .908 o4 6.09 6] . Noon.) 83.1 LL.O 76.5 17.6 .896 .40 92 58 : 1 83.3 11.8 76.2 18.9 .887 .29 7.50 55d 2 82.9 12.7 FES: 20.3 .862 02 8.01 Oo 3 82.7 12.5 ee 20.0 .860 .0O 7.84, 53 4 82.2 12.2 74.9 19.5 851 8.91 55 54 5 81.7 10.2 THRO 16.3 871 9.18 6.14 .60 6 81.1 8.1 76.2 13.0 © .887 41 4.75 67 7 — 80.5 6.4 76.7 10.2 902 .60 3.65 so ¢ 8 80.2 5.3 76.5 9.0 896 57 15 48 3 9 79.7 4.4, 76.6 AS .899 61 2.60 19 2 10 79.4 4.0 76.6 6.8 .899 63. ao 81 11 | 79.5 3.6 770 6.1 .910 Td .09 82 Ait the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. XXXVI Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the month of May 1874, Solar Radiation, Weather, &ce. e WIND. 9 ft. above Prevailing General aspect of the Sky. direction. Max. Solar radiation. Rain Guas Ground. Re Max ox | Pressure beet a ee (or) Ww op) &° op) pas Wes) = \ni.to% a. uw. B to 6, u.S toll p.m. Sheet Lon Wat 7 P.M. i 3S Wes a2) 201.6) i to 2 4.a. Bto 5 «. ww NY 2 ito 8 a. M. Btoll p. aw. 3) 140.0; ... |SSW&S by WO. B 4, ae W&S 4. 5 SS W 72.1 : 24.7| Bto4a.m.,\itoll p. y. 24:4) \G to 7 &. M., “i to 10 4. M., to lp. 1B to 82m, “i to © p.m. B'to 11 Pp. mw. a = I co) TMP em 1.0 | 209.5 | Clouds of different kinds to 9 |A. M., \_1t02 P¥s. Bto1l z. w. 3.91 Scuds to 4 a. mw. B to 11 p.m. 5} Bto4Pr.M.,ito7 pu. B to ll p. m. Brisk wind nearly the whole day. 144.0 | 0.08 S W 6.8 | 399.7| Bto4da.M., .ito74a.u.B to 4 Pp. M.,\ito7 P.M. Btoll p. M. Brisk wind the whole day. T & light R at 53 4. u. Ce © W&8S W | 6.0) 438.7) Btoda.m., “ito 10a. M., \ni tod Pp. M. B to 1l pv. mw. Brisk wind the whole day L on N from 8 to 10 P. m. 147.0) 0.04;5S W& SS W/4.4| 467.7) Bto4da.m., Wito 11 a. M., clouds of different kinds to 11 p. M. Brisk wind from 3} to 9} P.M. Lon S from 7 to 10 p. m. iT & light Rat 6 vp. m. 139.0 | 0.08 - S W 5.0 | 313.7 | 8S to 4 a.m. Seuds to 3 p. m. 11 Sto7 p.m. O toll p. um. Brisk wind nearly the whole day. L from 8 to 11 Pp. u. Light R from 85 to 9 > P. M. 139.7; ... |EbyS, S&S by W| 1.2 | 287.7} O to44. m. Stollp. wu. L from Midnight to4 a.m. D at 53 P.M. 13 \iCirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle, XXXVili Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutta, in the mouth of May 1874, Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. Sj |e. Winp. oo /8 8u|/ ———_ : ae 53 8 | », ©] General aspect of the Sk 3] aig Aas © Prevailing aes = P ee | S8 fad direction. Se Alea” lacs aelA | .° Inches lb | Mile. 14) 139.8 Sby W & SS W)1.4 | 201.1] 8S to3 a. mw. Scuds to 6 a. m., ci to 12 a. M., \ito8P.u. 8S toll p.m. Dat 3} 4.m. 15) 143.04 .... SSW2&S W /2.8 | 294.2} S to 3 a. M., \ito8a.mu. B to 4 p.mM., \ito1l p.m. Brisk wind from 3 to 103 P. m. 16| 146.4} ... [WSW&Sby W| 1.9 | 308.5| Bto4a4.m., \ito7 Pr. mu. B to 9 p. mM. Scuds to 11 Pp. Mm. Brisk wind from 5 to 74 Pp. M. ee SSWé&S 1.2 317.5! Seuds to 1 «a.m. Bto5 a. mM. | Scuds to104.mM.,\_ito 1 P. Mm. Bto% Pa. 1.to 1D Pea RS LAS07 ee, SSWeésS 2.3 | 262.2; Bto7a.m.,Scudstol0a.m., \i to 5 pM. Bto1l pv. um. Brisk wind from 53 to 82 Pp. M. AD et49.0+) Sby W&S | 1.5 | 273.9) Scudsto7 a.m. Bto2P.m., 7 to 4.2... B, to. ii ea, Brisk wind from 4 to 6 P. mM. 20,/145.0/ ... SSby W&S by HL) 1.4) 290.9} Bto4a.m., Scuds to 8 a. m. B tol2 a. m., clouds of different kinds to 11 p.m. Brisk wind from 83 A. M. to 52 P. M. 31 448.5 | <5. S&SSW_ /0.8/ 260.4) \ito64.m. Scuds to 94. Mm. Btollpr. m. 22).142.6 | .,. S&SbyE /|1.4/158.3) Scuds to3 a.m. Bto6a.m. Scuds to 9a. M., \_ito 6 P. M. O tollv.m. Brisk wind from 122 a.m. to 5 P. M. 23} 143.0 | °** S&S 8S W 1.9|338.7| Bto4a.m., Scuds toll a.m., \_i to 4 p.m. O toll-p. m. Brisk wind from 12 a. mM. to 43 P. M. Sheet L on W at 10 Pr. m. D at : 6 Pp. M. 24, 136.9) ,.. S&SS W 2.0 | 239.3| Stola.m.,\i& \ito6 P.M. Stoll vp. m. Brisk wind from 10 a. um. to 74 Pp. mM. Sheet L at 2a. mM. & between 7 & 8 P.M. D at 23 P. mM. Ni Cirri,—i Strati, >i Cumuli, i Cirro-strati, ~i Cumulo-strati, \W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle, Meteorological Observations. XXX1X Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations takep at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of May 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., — s Date. 28 29 30 31 Max. Solar radiation. ) 142.3 138.0 146.2 143.0 146.5 144.0 147.5 moe. WIND. 28 See was : = | eee aa 2 Prevailing wore Ss ae = ° mn Ss Oo B ex direction. Seiad = a = Inches| 0.04;SSE& SSW. 7-6} 312.8 / | 0.85 SSweéS 5.2 | 302.2 S&S S W 291.4. SS W & Variable, 2.9 | 181.1 SE&Sby E ia 11A0.0 0.07,| Wby N&SS E | 4.0 | 110.0 SSE&SbyE 143.2 General aspect of the Sky. O to 5a. Mm., Vito ll a. m., “ito 6 P.M. S to ll p. at. High wind from 8} a. mM. to 93 Pp. M. T from 8? to 410 Pp. M. L from 74 to 11 p. um. Light R between 9 & 10 P.M. O to lla.m., “ito 6Pp.mu.O to 11 p.m. Brisk wind from 114 A.M. to6&at8irp.m. T&L from Midnight to 4 a.m. & 7 to 10 p.m. Rfrom1 tod a. uM. & 8} to ll Pp. mM. O to9 a. M., nito3 P.u.B to5 p.m. Stoll p.m. D at 83 Pp. M. \1 & \ito64.m.Otol0a.m. ni to3 P.M., \i to 8 P.M. B to 1] p. M. Brisk wind from 2 to 24 p.'w T at 2 p.m. D at 73, 8 93 A.M. & 3 P.M. \i to 84a. Mm., -ito7 p.m. B to 11 p. u. T & D between 6 & 7 P.M. , Oto4a.Mm., \Wito9a. uw. B to ll a.m., “ito4p.mu.Oto7 p. M. Btoll p. um. Brisk wind from 43 to 5 P.M. T atl a. mM. & from 3 to 64 Pp. Mm. Lat 1&4 a. M. Light R at 34. m. 3,5, 55 & 65 P. M. B to 7 a. M., Mito 6 P.M. Bto ll P. M. by| Ni Cirri —i Strati,~i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati Wi] Nizabi, \ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R rain, D drizzle, Meteorological Observations. , x] Abstract of the Resulls of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1874. Monruty Resvrts. Tnches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month a3 ... 29.611 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 a. M. on the Ist 3. 2ST Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 P. M. on the 16th ... 29.450 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month af Oar Mean of the daily Max. Pressures Pas in ads ve 29-673 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ca 120 29 bao Mean duily range of the Barometer during the month ia iss: Ohad oO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month 6 des > | Max. Temperature occurred at 2 ». m. on the 19th Nt 5 200.5 Min. Temperature occurred at 1 & 2 4. M. on the Ist Ae Pe Extreme range of the Temperature during the month Les . 286 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... sh a? tee ee Ditto ditto Min. ditto, : sta 2 opie Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., ria 8 aie Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ‘i 2 Oe Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.5 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month ie. eek Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point ij od ae Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month tas bes wa. 0.902 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month 7) 1 oO Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation |. 3.73 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.72 ) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., wwe Ahel Inches. Rained 13 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours ss aso.” OSB Total amount of gain during the month Td Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month A 8 2° ORD Pr oe direction of the Wind rt ae BRE Ww, S. & 8. W. # Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground, bal ae Meteorological Observations, ie x ae | > ie . . Go 3" = a) i ae ee pr MAG" NT eee gE a) ee oe pee ho | > "UO ULRYY . . ie s © “MN ON . " SSeS LL ne ee See ene uo Wey = re ee es me a ‘MON el or . DMA La eee eee = E rg | uo wey ee sees ag | ae NM i SS. . Se [een ae == S UO WET te eee S$ .- | vo uwy ees. SS ee — . . re re ra rei “sis | | a i a eres a) S 2 - UO Ivy S Sr 8 2 ee a re ies A S = = Wi es ees ANAR ANH = F be Ae "UO UIVy Cl = =F = Dd Je mats SSO SF GS SE DAVOSOOSCH GSH - o ——— : ™M a U0 URI ge: re q ei 2 5 OS “Mg g| & SSSSSSHMRARS GB Hwowoowayan ap ja Ms ae? "UO URI aed rH ~ Bis “=m Sq °S- ~ OPOMWEMAT OA YK WDACDRnNDEANM NEE I St Sa S 2. © | ‘Go uey = SRS ale Sane ST NOAHOMR OAR AN R DERANROOAHASOH S oO? a Se aeeee re m4 arc ~ Qa © | -u0 meg fa * So 8 qa “q fq -g |e NAN AAANKAHA A AAR OATAAGS a me: Sine SH Fe “= ‘Wo WIRY fH s si = = = ss i “T'S g st MOAANHAAA aoe © FAAIAAAC Shee OB pecan [@) Cg A "T'S A AANA NAGAAe eres ret = = 2 3 m0 UIeyT a ae S "Gap Gel oa co a 4 ae eee oe we Sm fy aS A < ‘uO URI = S es: “g kq “y SS Sis re aS gs "U0 TIRI] . are ra ei 2 Ss cm eta eh ek PEO UE: A =e nl SE a aCe S og & | vo uy - . . re Ry 5 ey sake SO | a3 oe ec ae Cee * Gif ek) |S) = SS ee cu i = tp O | ‘uo uey wm fs} ~~ pe EE = eS aN N S EQ |——— 2 o ¢@_ "uO UB Re a 3 ony Ka ear. 4 aad N. © he "WoO Wey = 2 uo Ulery S Ne) . < N = H ~~ S ; “er di = EI ‘Ss AAMAWORDROH F AANMROOCKHOROr 6 i ta ad os are rl 4 q S a “y 1 APPENDIX, LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, PN THE 31ST PECEMBER, 1879. LIST OF ORDINARY MEMBERS. The * distinguishes Non-Subscribing, the + Non-Resident Members, and the { Life Members. N. B.—Gentlemen who may have changed their residence, since this list was drawn up, are requested to give intimation of such a change to the Secretaries, in order that the necessary alterations may be made in the subsequent edition. Errors or omissions in the following list should also be communicated to the Secretaries. Gentlemen who are proceeding to Europe, with the intention of not returning to India, are particularly requested to notify to the Secretaries, whether it be their de- sire to continue as members of the Society, otherwise, in accordance with rule 14 B. of the Bye-laws, their names will be removed from the list at the expiration of three years from the time of their leaving India, Date of Election. 1860 Dec. 5.| Abdullatif Khan Bahadur, The Hon., Mau- lavi. Caleutta 1868 Sept. 2.|fAdam, R. M., Esq. Sambhar Lake via Jaipur 1860 July 4.|+Ahmad Khan, Sayyid, Bahadur. Benares 1872 April 3.|+Ahsanullah, Khwajah. Dacca 1860 April 4.) + Aitchison, J. E. T., Esq., M. D. Mari, Panjab 1866 Jan, 17.|*Allan, Lieut.-Col. A. 8. Europe 1871 June 7.|{Alexander, J. W., Esq. Benares 1860 Oct. 3.) Amir Alf Khan Bahadur, Munshi. Calcutta 1865 Jan. 11.|*Anderson, Dr. J., F. L. 8. Europe 1872 June 5./+Anderson, A., Esq. Futtehghur 1871 Sept. 6./+Atkinson, E. T., Esq., C. S. Nynee Tal 1855 July 4.} Atkinson, W.S., Esq., M. A..F. L.S. | Calcutta 1869 Feb. 3.|+Attar Singh Bahadur, Sirdar. Loodiana 1870 Feb. 2.) Baden-Powell, H., Esq., C. S. Caleutta 1873 Aug. 6.|+Badgley, Capt. W. F. Shillong 1859 Aug. 38.) Balaichénd Sinha, Babu. Calcutta 1865 Nov. 7.|+Ball, V., Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. S. Office 1860 Nov. 1.| Banerjea, Rev. K. M. Caleutta 1869 Dec. 1./{Barker, R. A., Esq., M. D. Beerbhoom 1873 March 5.| Barclay, G. W. W., Esq., M. A. Calcutta 1573 Jan. 8.| Bate, Rev. J. D. Allahabad 1860 July 4.'+Batten, G. K. M., Esq., C. S. Agra 1859 May 4.) Bayley, E. C., The Hon’ble.,B. C.S., C.S. I.| Calcutta 1861 Feb. 6.) Bayley, S. C., Esq., B. C. 8. Patna 1873 Feb. 5.) Bayne, R. R., Esq., B A. Calcutta 1864 Sept. 7.|+Beames, J., Esq., B C.S. Cuttack 154i April 7.| Beaufort, F, L:, The Hon. B. C. S. Calcutta Date of Election. 1867 July 3 1869 Jan. 20 1871 March 1. 1862 Oct. 8. 1872 Aug. 7 1862 June 4 1864 Nov. 2 1873 Aug. 6 1872 Nov. 6 1873 Deeg, ) 8. 1857 Mar. 4 1859 Aug. 3 1873 Aug. 6 1873 April 2 1864 April 6 5 1871 April 1871 April 5. 1868 Jan. 15. 1872 June 5. 1871 Jan. 4. 1866 Jan. 17. 1866 Nov. 7. .| tT Brownfield, C., Esq. .| Pouck, HE. C., Msq., C. &. 1866 June 1868 June 1871 July 1871 Sept. 1872 Jan. 1873 Aug. 1869 Jan. 20. 1863 June 38. 1873 March 5. 1860 Jan. 3. .| ¢Chandramohan, Gosvami, Pandit. .| ¢Chandranath Ray, Raja. .|¢Chard, Rev. C. H. .|tChisholm, R. F., Esq. .|¢ Clark, Major E. G., Bengal Staff Corps. 1868 Aug. 1863 Aug. 1872 Dec. 1871 Sept. 1868 Feb. 5 5 4, 6 5 1871 March 1. 1872 Aug. 7. 4, 2 5 6 2 4, 1871 Oct. 1868 Dec. 1872 June 1873 Aug. 1847 June 1870 May 6 3 5 1866 June 6. 6 3 6 ill .| Belletty, N. A., Esq. ..+Bellew, Dr. P. F. Benedict, E., Esq.,C. E., M. Inst. 0. E. Bernard, ©, E., The Hon., B. C. S. dpeuaeverty, H., Hsq., C.:S. .| fBhau Daji, Dr. Bhudeva Mukerjea, Babu. | Bingham, Lieut. C. T. Bisset, Lieut. W.S.S., R. E. Blackburn, J., Esq. Blanford, H. F., Hsq., A. R. S. M., F. Bligh, W. G., Esq. Blisset, T. T., Esq. Blochmann, H., Esq., M. A. .| Bourne, T. W., Esq. tBourne, Walter, Esq., C. E. Boxwell, J., Esq., C. S. ftBrooks, W. E., Esq., C. E. Brough, R. S., Esq. {+Brown, Col. D. + Browne, Lieut.-Col. Horace A. Buckland, C. T., Esq., C. S. Buckle, Dr. H. B., C. B. . Buckle, H., Esq. .|*Butcher, W. D.,Esq., M. R. C. 8. ./ t Butler, Capt., J. 7Cadeli, A., Esq., B. A., C.S. Campbell, The Hon’ble Sir G., K.C. S. I. Cappel, A., Esq. +Carnac, J. H. Rivett, Esq., B. C. 8. Clarke, C. B., Esq. Ss +Clutterbuck, Capt. F. St. Quintin. .|*Cooke, H. G., Hsq., C. 8. .| Cooke, J. E.. Esq. .|*Court, Major M. H. Cunningham, D. D., Esq., M. B. .|{Dalton, Col. E. T., C. 8. I, Staff Corps. aie Godt... Waq., ©. .B Calcutta Bombay Mint Calcutta Calcutta Europe Bombay Chinsurah Allahabad Calcutta Calcutta F., G. 8.) Caleutta .|*Blanford, W. T., Esq., A. R.S. M., F. G. 8. Hurope Muttra Calcutta Calcutta Central Provinces Madapur Serampore Khugoul Calcutta Moulmein Thayetmyo Kamrup Cawnpore Hughli Calcutta Akyab Europe Samaguting, Na- ga Hills Muzaffarnagar Calcutta Caleutta Allahabad Gowhatty Nator Thayetmyo Madras Kheree, Oudh Calcutta Attock Europe Haidarabad Europe Caleutta Chota Nagpore Dinajpur Date of Election. 1861 Nov. 1869 April 1856 June 1870 Feb. 1872 Aug. 1869 Oct. 1873 Jan. 1864 July 1862 May 1853 Sept. 1870 May 1859 Sept. 1869 Feb. 1873 July 1867 June 1868 Oct. 1863 May 1871 Dee. 1846 Jan. 1859 Nov. 1871 Oct. 1863 Oct. 1859 Dec. 1851 May 1863 Jan. 1868 May 1869 Sept. 1872 Dec. 1861 Feb. 1869 Oct. 1863 June 1871 Nov. 1873 July 1869 Sept. 1867 Sept. 1873 Dec. 1871 June 1871 Aug. 1859 Aug. 1862 Feb. 1867 Sept. 1867 Dec. 1 6 7 4 2 7 6. 8 6 7 Ff 4 7 6 2 ff 2 4. 7 vf 7 .| Davies, The Hon’ble R. H., C.S. I., B. C.S. Day, Dr. #., . dis sa zi, .| {DeBourbel, Major R., Royal Engrs. .| t{DeFabeck, F. W. A., Esq., I. M. Service. Dejoux, P., Esq. *Delmerick, J. G., Esq. .|¢Dennys, H. L., Esq. Devendra Mallik, Babu. .| ¢Dhanapati Singh Dughar, Ray, Bahadur. Dickens, Col. ‘C.H., CoSaa: .|*Dobson, G. E., Esq., B. A., M. B. -|*Douglas, Col. C, 3. 1870 March 8. 2. 5. 1871 March 1. ‘fe *Drew, F., Esq. {Duke of Edinburgh, His Royal Highness, {Durand, H. M., Esq.,C. S tDuthoit, W., Esq., C. S. Dvijendranath Thakur, Babu. *Eddowes, W., Esq., M. D. | tEdgar, J. W., Hsq., B.C.8. .| fHlhot, J., Esq., M. A. *Hlliot, Sir Walter, late M. C. 8. tElhot, C. A., Esq., B. C. S. {Evezard, Col. G. H. Ewart, J., Esq., M. D. Fath Al, Maulavi. 4 *Payrer, Dr. J. 0.1. 7; - +Fedden, Francis, Esq., Geol. Survey. i, 4.) {Forbes, Major, J. G., R. E. -| tForest, R., Esq., Civil Engineer, | tForlong, Lieut.-Col. J. G. R., M.S. C. | tForsyth, T. D., Esq., C. B. -|tFoster, J. M., Esq., M. R. C. P. Field, C. D., Esq., M. A., C. 8. tFisher, J. H., Esq., C. S. Fraser, Capt. E. 6 12 3 1 2 1./+Fryer, Capt. G. E., Dy. Commissioner. A, 3 7 2 3) 5 4 4 Fyfe, The Rev. W. C. ‘| fGamble, J.S., Esq. Gangaprasad Sinha, Babu. -| +Gangaprasad, Munshi. Gastrell, Col. J. E., Supdt, Rev, Survey. -| {Gauradés Baisdk, Babu. | TGauvain, Capt. V Gay, E., Esq., M, A. Lahore India Oudh Jaipur Caleutta Delhi Nagpur Calcutta Azimganj Calcutta Europe Kurope Kurope Hurope Bhagalpur Ghazeepore Calcutta Erinpura Darjeeling Allahabad, Muir Central College. Europe Allahabad Poona Calcutta Calcuhis | Hurope Geol. S. Office Calcutta Raipore Lucknow Dehra Lucknow Kashghar Nazira, Assam Calcutta Sandoway, Arra- kan Calcutta Silligoree Calcutta Moradabad Caleutta Jehanabad Calcutta Calcutta Vv haere |) - 1859 Sept. 7.| Geoghegan, J., Esq., B. C. S, 1869 Feb. 3.' ¢Giriprasad Sing, Thaleur, hee 1861 Feb. 6. *Godwin-Austen, Major H. H., Topogra-| ~ phical Survey. i Europe 1869 Oct. 6.) +Gomes, A. D. B., Esq. Sunderbuns 1872 Nov. 6.) *Gordon, C. B. P., Esq. Europe 1862 July 2, tGordon, J. D., Esq., C. S. Tz, C. S. Mysore 1869 July 7.) Gordon, Robert, Esq., C. E. Henzaday 1871 March 1.| {Govindacumar, Chaudhuri. Dacca 1863 Nov. 4. tGowan, Lieut.-Col. J. Y. Allahabad 1866 June 6. Gribble, T. W., Esq., B. C. S. Caleutta 1861 Sept. 4. {Griffin, L. H., Esq., B. C. 8. Lahors 1873 Aug. 6.) Garisichandra Sinha, Kumara, Caleutta 1861 Feb. 6. +Growse,.F. 8., Esq., M. A., B. C. 8, Muttra 1871 Jan. 4.) Gunendranath Thakur, Babu. Caleutta 1864 Dee. 4 {Gurucharan Das, Babu. Backergunge 1871 June 7.) Habiburrahman, Maulavi. Caleutta 1867 July 3.) fHacket, C. A., Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. S. Office 1869 April 3.|{Heberlin, The Rev. C. Ranchee 1866 Jan. 17.|+Hamilton, Lieut.-Col. T. C. British. Burmah, Rangoon 1855 March 7.) |Hamilton, R., Esq. Wardah 1871 July 5.) Hamilton, Col. O. Calcutta 1861 March 1.|+Harachandra Chaudhuri, Babu. Mymensing 1866 Nov. 1.) Harendra Krishna Bahadur, Kumar, Calcutta 1871 Feb. 1.) +Harkness, T. F., Esq., C. S. Azimgarh 1861 Feb. 2.} +Harrison, A. S., Esq., B. A. Muir’s — College, Allahabad 1859 Oct. 12.}*Haughton, Col. J. C., C. 8. I. Europe 1873 May 7.| Hector, Rev. John M. A. Calcutta 1862 Aug. 6.) Heeley, W. L., Esq., B. A., C. 8. Calcutta 1872 May 1.) Heilgers, W., Esq. Calcutta 1853 July 6.|*Herschel, Sir W. J., Bart., B. C. 8. Europe 1868 Aug. 5.) tHobart, R. T., Esq., C.S. Etah 1872 Noy. 6.;+Holcombe, Lieut. W. A. Assam 1872 Dec. 4.|+Hoernle, Rev. A. F. R., Ph. D. Benares 1868 Nov. 4.|*Holroyd, Capt. W. R. M. Europe 1873 Jan. 8.|tHouston, G. L., Esq. JohnstoneCastle, Renfrewshire 1863 Jan. 15.)+Howell, M.S., Esq., C. 8. Benares 1871 April 5.) Howell, A. P., Esq., C. 8. Calcutta 1866 Feb. 7.| Hoyle, G. W. Esq. Calcutta 1867 Aug. 17.|+Hughes, T. H., Esq., A. R. 8. M., F. GS. ; Geol. Survey of India. Geol. 8. Office 1873 March 5.|*Hughes, A. J., Esq., C. E. Europe 1866 Jan. 17.|+Hughes, Captain W. G,, M. S. C. Arracan 1870 Jan. 5.) Hume, Allan O., Esq., C. B., C.S. Calcutta 1870 June 1.! Hunter, W. W., Esq., LL. D., C. 8. Calcutta Vi Date of Election. 1868 April 1.) Hyde, Lieut.-Col. H., R. E. Calcutta 1872 Dec. 4.) tIbbetson, D. C. J., Esq., C. 8. Karnal, Panjab 1866 March 7,| *Irvine, W., Esq., C. 8. Europe 1871 March 8.| Isaac, T. 8., Esq., C. E. Calcutta 1853 Dee. 7.) ¢Isvariprasad Singh Bahadur, Raja. Benares 1865 June 7.) +Jaykissen Das Bahadur, Raja, C. 8S. I, Allighur 1873 Aug. 6.) Jogesachandra Datta, Babu. Calcutta 1866 Feb. 7.) tJohnson, W. H., Esq. Sialkote 1862 March 5.| tJohnstone, Major J. W. H., Dy. Commis- sioner. Bannu, Panjab 1867 Dec. 4.) *Johnstone, Capt. J. Europe 1873 Dee. 38.)tJohor, H. H., Maharaja of, K. C. S. I.,| New Johor, near Gn Org Che & Singapore 1873 April 2.) Jones, F., Esq. Calcutta 1869 April 7.) Kabiruddin Ahmad, Maulavi. Calcutta 1871 May 3.) Kaliprasanna Ghosh, Babu. Calcutta 1861 Dee, 4.)tKempson, M. Esq., M. A. Bareilly 1867 Dec. 4.) King, G., Esq., M. B. Caleutta 1867 March 6, + King, Capt. H. W. P. & O Co,’sOffice 1862 Jan, 15,)+}King, W., Jr., Esq., Geol, Survey of India.| Geol. Surv. Office 1867 March 6,| * Knox, G. E., Esq., C. 8. Allahabad 1860 May 5. Kurz, 8., Esq. Calcutta 1868 Feb. 5.|*Lees, L. H., Esq., M. D. Europe 1859 Dec. 7.|tLeonard, H., Esq., M. A., C. E. Panjab 1870 July 6.| Lethbridge, E., Esq., M. A. Calcutta 1869 June 2.|*Leupolt, J, C., Esq., C. S. Europe 1873 Feb. 5.| Lewis, T. R., Esq., M. B. Caleutta 1864 Nov. 2.) Locke, H. H., Esq. Calcutta 1869 April 7.| Lockwood, E. D., Esq., C. 8. Monghyr 1866 Jan. 17.| tow, J., Esq., G. T. 8. Almora 1869 July 7.| Lyall, C. J., Esq., B. A., C. S. Calcutta 1870 April 6.) {Lyman, B. Smith, Esq. Japan 1866 June 6.)*Macdonald, Major J., Staff Corps. Europe 1873 May 7.|{Mackay, W., Esq., C. E. Port Blair 1873 Dec. 3.) McLeod, K., Esq., M. D. Calcutta 1848 April 5.) fMaclagan, Col. R., R.E., F.R,S.E,,F.R.G.S.| Lahore 1867 July 3.| Macnamara, Dr. C. Calcutta 1870 May 4.) tMacnaghten, C., Esq. Rajkote College, Kattywar 1867 April 3.) Mahendralal Sircar, Dr, Calcutta 1867 April 3.) +Mainwaring, Lieut.-Col. G. B. Calcutta 1862 Sept. 3.)7Mallet, F. R., Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. S. Office 1852 Nov. 3. Manickjee Rustamjee, Esq. Calcutta 1872 Nov, 6,|{Man, EH. H., Esq. Port Blair ate of Election. 1869 July 7. 1873 July 2. 1873 Aug. 6 1860 March 7. 1871 Sept. 6. 1870 July 6 1867 June 5. 1867 March 6. 1854 Dec. 6. 1854 Oct. 11. 1862 July 2. 1869 May 5. 1865 Feb. 1. 1871 Jan. 4: 1872 May 1. 1869 July 7. 1871 July 5. 1851 June 4. 1873 Aug. 6. 1864 Mar. 2. 1873 Aug. 6. 1862 May 7. 1871 Dee. 6. 1867 Mar. 6 1860 Feb. 1. 1868 Nov. 4. 1873 Aug. 6. 1869 July 7. 1864 Mar. 2. 1865 Sept. 6. 1868 May 6. 1835 July 1. 1864 Nov. 2. 1869 Feb. 3. 1868 April 1. 1872 Dea 4. 1869 Feb. 3. 1871 June 7 1862 Oct. 8 1856 Mar. 5. 1871 June 7. 1837 Feb. 1. Vil +Markham, A. M., Esq., C. S. Marshall, C. W., Esq. +Marshall, Lieut.-Col. W. E. Medlicott, H. B., Esq., F. G. 8., Geol. Survey of India. +Miles, Capt. S. B. Miller, A. B., Esq. Milman, R., D. D., The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Calcutta. *Montgomerie, Major T. G., R. E. Morris, G. G., The Hon’ble B. C. S. pelon. oo WY ., K. C. 8:1, B.C. 8, +Napier of Magdala, Lord R., General Gr. Cay t., Gui) B, Nevill, G. Esq., C. MZ. &. tNowal Kishwar, Munshi. *Newton, Isaac, ‘Esq. 7*Niranjan Mukerji, Babu. Nursing Rao, A. V., Esq. tOates, E. W., Esq., C. E. *Oldham, T., Esq., LL.D., F. BR. 8. Olpherts, W. J., Esq. Palmer, Dr. W. J. Parker, J. C., Esq. Partridge, 8. B., Esq., M. D. Peal, S. E., Esq. Pearimohan Mukarji, M. A,, Babu. *Pearse, Lieut.-Col. G. G. Pearson, C. E., Esq., M. A. Pedler, A., Esq. Pell, 8S. Esq., Pellew, F. H., Esq., C. 8S. tPeppé, J. H., Esq. Peterson, F. W., Esq. +Phayre, Major G., Sir A. P., K. C.8.1,C. B. Phear, The Hon’ble J. B. Pickford, d., Kieg., M. A. fPr amathanath Ray, Kumar. Prananath Pandit, Babu. Pratapachandra Ghosha, B, A. .|tPratt, Capt. C. S., Staff-Corps. .|+Pulinavihari Sen, Baba. Rajendraléla Mitra, Baba. Ramakrishna Das, Baba. Ramanath Takur, The Hon’ble Raja. ee Bijnour Ber ‘-hampore Mussooree Caleutta. Bombay Calcutta Calcutta Europe Calcutta Allahabad Simla Caleutta Lucknow Europe Benares Vizagapatam Thayetmyo Europe Calcutta Calcutta Caleutta Calcutta Sibsagar, Assam Uttarparrah Europe Lahore Caleutta Caleutta Hooghly Ranchi Calcutta Europe Calcutta Madras Digapati Bhawanipur Calcutta Morar, Gwalior Berhampore Caleutta Calcutta Calcutta Vill : - ea Date of Election 1860 Mar, 7.| Reid, H. S., Hsq., C. 8. Allahabad 1871 July 5.|fReid, J. R., Esq., C. 8. Azimghur 1872 April 3.] Richards, Dr. V. Calcutta 1868 April 1.} Robb, G., Esq. Calcutta 1863 April 1.) }Robertson, C., Esq., C. S. Mirzapur 1865 Feb. 1.} Robinson, 8. H., Esq. Caleutta 1870 Dee. 7.| Rogers, A., Esq. Calcutta 1869 July 7.) tRoss, Lieut. J. C., R. E. Boolundshuhur 1870 Jan. 5/+}Ross, Alexander G. , Capt. Staff Corps. Hdwardesabad 1871 Sept. 5.| Rundall, Col. F. H, Rak: Calcutta 1871 Dee. 6.)+Samuells, Capt. W. L. Hazareebach 1871 May 3.| Sanderson, C., Hsq. Calcutta 1872 Feb. 7.|fSashagiri Sastri, M. B. A. Madras 1870 May 4.| Satyanand Ghoshal, Raja. Calcutta 1873 Jan, 8.| Schlegel, F., Esq. Caleutta 18/0 May 4.) Schlich, Dr. W. Calcutta 1869 Feb. 3.) Schwendler, L., Esq. Calcutta | 1860 July 4.|+Shelverton, G., Esq. Waltair, near Vi- zagapatam 1863 April 1.|{Showers, Lieut.-Col. C. L. Umballa 1866 June 6.){Sime, J., Esq., B. A. Delhi 1872 Aug. 7.|*Skrefsrud, Rev. L. O. Hurope 1864 Sept. 7.) +Sladen, Major E. B. Amherst 1865 July. 5.) Smith, D. Boyes, Esq. M. D. Calcutta 1864 Mar. 2.) +Spearman, Capt. H. R. Rangoon 1867 May 1.) tSteel, Capt. E. H., R. A. Murree 1872 July 3.) {Stephen, Carr, Esq. Jalandhar 1863 Sept. 2.) Stewart, R. D., Esq. Serajounj 1870 April 6.] Stewart, R., Esq. Calcutta 1870 Sept. 7.) 7St. John, R. T., Esq. Bassein 1861 Sept. 4.) Stokes, Whitley, Esq. Caleutta 1863 Nov. 4.! ¢Stoliczka, F., Esq., Ph. D., F. G. S. Yarkand 1869 Feb. 3.)*Strachey, The Hon’ble Sir J., K. C. 8. I. | Europe 1859 Mar. 2./+Stubbs, Major F. W. Se oe: Artillery. Lucknow 1858 July 7.) Sutherland, H. C., Esq., B 9 LOMO WS. Sylhet 1872 Dec. 4.|+Swetenham, Capt. E. Prome 1864 Aug. 11.) Swinhoe, W., Esq. Calcutta 1863 Sept. 8.) Syamacharan Sarear, Babu. Calcutta 1865 Sept. 6.) Tawney, C. H., Esq., M. A. Calcutta : 1865 April 5.) Taylor, R., Esq. Calcutta 1860 May 2.) Temple, The Hon'ble Sir R., K.C.S.1.,B.C.8,| Calcutta 1859 Mar. 2./+Theobald, W., Esq., Geological Survey, Saharanpur 1869 Oct. 6.) +Thomson, A., Esq, ‘Faizabad | 1847 June 2.) Thuillier, Col. HG, BoA. ros C. 8. L) Calcutta _ a 1865 July 5.|+Tolbort, T. W. H., Bsq., C. 8. Bunnoo 1871 April 5.) *Trefftz, Oscar, Esq. Europe 1861 June 45. {Tremlett, J. D. » Hisq., M.A, C; 8, Moozuffargarh Daie of Election. 1860 May .|*Vanrenen, Major A. D., Bengal Staff Corps., Europe 1872 July 3.) Trevor, W.S., Major R. E. Caleutta - 1873 April 2.) Turnbull, R., Esq. - Caleutta 1861 Sept. 4.) Tween, A. , Esq. . Geological Survey. Calcutta 1863 May 6.|*Tyler, Dr. J. Europe 1869 June 2.) 7Udayachand Datt, Babu. Nowakhali 1873 April 2.| Umesh Chunder Dutt, Babu. Calcutta 1873 May 7.|+Urmston, H. B., Esq. Rawul Pindi, Panjab 2 3 1864 Feb. .|7Verchére, A. M., Esq., M. D. | Benares 1864 April 6.| Vijayarama Gujapati Raj Munnié Sultan! Bahadur, Maharajah Mirza. | Caleukia 1870 June 1. tVrind4vanachandra Mandala, Babu. Balasore 1871 Feb, 1.|{Waagen, Dr, W. Europe 1873 Jan. §&.|*Wace, Lieut. R. Europe 1869 Aug. 4 Wahid Ali, Prince Jahén Qadr Muhammad/ ; Bahadur. Garden Reach 1865 Nov. 1.) Waldie, D., Esq., F. G. S. Calcutta 1861 May 1. +Walker, Col. J. T., R. E., F. B.S. Dehra Doon 1863 Oct. 7.| Waller, W. K., Esq., M. B. Calcutta 1862 Jan. 15.) +Ward, G. E. Esq., C. 8. Futtehgarh 1865 May 3.| Waterhouse, Capt. J,, B.S. C. Calcutta 1869 Sept. 1. +Westland, J., Esq., C. 8. Nagpur 1867 Feb. 6. + Westmacott, E. Y. , HEsq., B. A., C. S. Rajmahall. 1862 Oct. 8.|*Wheeler, J. T. , Esq. Europe 1873 April 2.|+White, E. , Esq. yO, Ee. Bijnour 1867 Aug, 7. +Wilcox, F. , Esq. Purulia 1873 Jan. 8. +Williams, H. C., Esq. Centl. Provinces 1873 May 7.|{Williams, G. R. C. , Eisq., C. S. Muziffergarh 1867 Jan. 16. ; Williamson, Lieut. Wd. Garo Hills 1867 Mar. 6.) {Willson, W. G., Esq., B. A. Caleutta 1871 Mar. 1.| Willson, James, Esq., B. A. Dacca 1870 Aug. 3./ Wilson, R. H., Esq., C. 8S. Calcutta 1866 Mar. 7.| Wise, Dr. J. F. N. Dacca 1867 July 3. +Wood, Dr. J. J. Ranchi 1870 Jan. 5.) Wood-Mason, J., Indian Museum. Calcutta 1873 Aug. 6.| |Woodthorpe, Lieut, R. G., R. E. Shillong 1869 Sept. 1.) Yadulal Mallik, Babu. Calcutta 1868 June 3.| Yatandramohan Tagore, Rajah Bahadur. | Calcutta 1867 Mar. 6.) +Yogendranath Mallik, Babu. Andul 1862 *Yule, Col. H. R. E. Europe x HONORARY MEMBERS. Date of Election. 1825 Mar, 9.]M. Garcin de Tassy, Memb. de l'Institut. | Paris 1821 ,, 6./Sir John Phillippart. London 1826 July 1.) Count de Noe. Paris 283i, .. 7.) Prof. -C. duassen. Bonn 1835 May 6. Prof. Lea. Philadelphia 1842 Feb, 4.) Dr. Ewald. Gottingen 1842 ,, 4.]Right Hon’ble Sir Edward Ryan, Kt. London 1843 Mar. 30.| Prof. Jules Mohl, Memb. de l'Institut. Paris 1847 Sept. 1.}| Col. W. Munro. London 1847 Nov. 8|His Highness the Nawab Nazim of Bengal.) Murshidabad 1848 Feb. 2.) Dr. J. D. Hooker. Kew 1848 Mar. 8.) Prof. Henry. Princeton U. S. 1858 April 6.) Major-Gen. Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K. C. B. | London 1858 July 6.) B. H. Hodgson. Europe 1859 Mar. 2.|The Hon’ble Sir J. W. Colvile, Kt. Europe 1860 Mar, 7.) Prof. Max Miller. Oxford 1860 Nov. 7.| Mons. Stanislas Julien, Paris 1860 ,, 7.| Dr. Robert Wight. London 1860 , 7.| Edward Thomas. London 1860 ,, 7.) Dr. Aloys Sprenger. Bern 18609 =, 7.| Dr. Albrecht Weber. Berlin 1868 Feb. 5./Genl. A. Cunningham, C, §. I. India 1868 ” 5.| Prof, Bapu Déva Sastri. Benares 1368 ,, °° ),| Dr. I. Thomson, ; | London 1869" 4,79" 2, A. ‘Grote. London. 1871 ,, 7.| Charles Darwin. London ToT. <:, 1, Sir G. B. Airy. London 1872 June 5,) Prof. T. H. Huxley. _: London CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 1844 Oct. 2.] Macgowan, Dr. J. Europe 1856 June 4./ Kramer, Herr A. von. Alexandria 1856 ,, 3.) Porter, Rev. J. Damascus 1856 ,, 4.|Schlagintweit, Herr H. von. Munich 1856 , 4.|Smith, Dr. E, Beyrout 1859 , 4 | Tailor, J., Esq. Bussorah 1856 ,, 4! Wilson, Dr. Bombay 1857 Mar. 4.| Neitner, J., Esq. Ceylon 1858 Mar, 3.) Schlagintweit, Herr R. von. Giesen 1859 Nov, 2.| Frederick, Dr. H. Batavia 1859 May 4.) Bleeker, Dr. H. Kurope 1860 Feb. 1.) Baker, The Rev. H. EK. Malabar 1860 ,, 1.)Swinhoe, R., Esq., H. M.’s Consul. Amoy 1860 April 4.| Haug, Dr. M. Munich 1861 July 3.) Gosche, Dr. R. Berlin 1862 Mar. 5.| Murray, A., Esq. London 1863 July 4, Barnes, R. H., Esq. Ceylon 1866 May 7.|Schlagintweit, Prof, E. von. Munich 1866 ,, 7.|Sherring, Rev. M. A, Benares 1868 Feb. 5.| Foucaux, M. F. H, Paris 1868 ,, 5.) Holmboe, Prof. Christiana x1 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. Date of Election. er 1838 Feb. 7.| Karamat Ali, Sayyid. Hooghly 1865 May 3.| Dall, Rev. C. H. Caleuttia LIST OF MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN ABSENT FROM INDIA THREE YEARS AND UPWARDS.* ule 14, A.—In the event of an Ordinary Member leaving India, and in the further event of his informing the Secretary by letter that he has no intention of returning, but desires to retain his privileges as an Ordinary Member, his subscription shall be J2 Rupees per annum, commutable into a single payment of Rs. 100, provided that if any such Member shall hereafter return to India, he shall thereupon become liable to pay his original subscription, subject to the operation of rule 10 B. Rule 14, B.—After the lapse of three years from the date of a Member leaving India, if no intimation of his wishes shall, in the interval, have been received by the Society, his name shall be removed from the list of Members. . Date of leaving India. Adley, C, C. Esq., 1870 Allardyce, A. Esq., 1870 Asghar Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab, 1868 Brandis, Dr. D., 1871 Cole, Lieut. H. H., BR. E., 1869 Cowell, E. B., Esq., 1864 Egerton, P. Esq., 1868 Fytche, Major-Genl. A., C. S. L., 1871 Gray, R. Esq., M. B., 1870 Gregory, Capt. J., 1870 Hyde, E. Esq., 1871 Innes, F: W. Esq., M, D., 1871 Latham, G. Esq., 1870 Lees, Lieut.-Col. W. N., 1868 Macauliff, M. Esq., 1871 Neil, Dr, A., 1871 Oldham, R, A. Esq., C. E., 1870 Rattray, A. Esq., 1870 Rogers, Capt. B., 1870 Saunders, J. O’B. Esq., 1871 Strachey, Major-Genl. R., 1871 Thompson, Major G. H., 1864 Thornton, T, R. Esq., 1870 * These names will be removed from the next list of members unless intimation is meanwhile received from any of the members of their desire to retain the privileges of ordinary members under the operation of Rule 14 A, xii LOSS OF MEMBERS DURING 1873. By RETIREMENT, J. H. Newman, Esq., M. D. J. C. Geddes, Esq., C. 8. J. W. Curtoys, Esq. Rev. J. P. Ashton. Dr. C. F. Tonnerre. Col. G. H. Saxton. Mr. E. VanCutsem. The Hon’ble Sir R. Couch, Kt. H. Woodrow, Esq. ) Col. B. Ford. Sultan Muhammad Bashiruddin. R. T. H. Griffith, Esq. Capt. T. H. Lewin. The Hon’ble R. Spankie. Dr. J. B. Baxter. R. B. Smart, Esq. By DEatu. J. A. P. Colles, Esq., M. D. V. Irwin, Esq., C. 8. Lieut. J. H. Bourne. W. McLaren Smith, Esq. N. T. E. Davey, Esq. J. L. Stewart, Esq., M. D. Edward Blyth (Hon. Member). ELECTIONS CANCELLED. C. P. Bird, Esq., C. 8. Col. H. Drummond, Ajmere Puri Calcutta Do. Do. Ootacamund Caleutta : Chinsurah Benares Chittagong Allahabad Sandheads Centl. Provinces Caleutta Cuttack Shillong Calcutta Midnapoor Panjab Europe. Hissar Caleutta { APPENDIX. | ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE ASIATIC POCIETY OF BENGAL FOR THE YEAR 1873. xiv STATEMENT Abstract of the Cash Account RECHIPTS. ApMIssIon F Ess. | 1873. 1872. Received from Members, a Rs. 1,424 0 O 1,424 0 0 768 0. SUBSCRIPTIONS. Received from Members, one ws S200 2 © oes 8,296 2 0 7,551 O PUBLICATIONS. Sale proceeds of Journal and Proceedings,... 3868 2 O Subscriptions to ditto, at oo L109 10 % Refund of Postage Stamps, nae as 814 6 Ditto of Freight, ae ae 70 I fa Ditto of packing charges, i 13-0 Ditto of Commission from Babu P. co Ghosha, on sales to the Registrar General’s Office, 28:0 9 1,587 ©, 8° 2275-8 LIBRARY, Sale proceeds of Books, see « @0p 1 0 Refund of Freight, A PF TS NO Ditto of Postage Stamps, see ves 4 2 6 ———. 316 6 6 277 2 SECRETARY’S OFFICE. Commission on purchase of Postage Stamps, 5 15-0 Saving of Salary, ee Fee 110 9 Received fine, &c. me sii 10+, 0 93 9 1911 VESTED FunpD. Interest on the Government Securities from the Bank of Bengal, — io 200: 4° 9 ee 238 4 0 £108 14 Coin Funp. Sale proceeds of a Gold Moorshedabad Coin, 21 OD Ditto ditto of 8 Copper Taghlak, aoe 3 2 240 24 0 0 0-0 BUILDING, Received from the Right Hon’ble the Secre- tary of State for India, being the Special House allowance, granted by Government of India from 28rd March, 1871 to 30th November, 1874, , 12,916 2 1 — 12,916 2 1 MIscELLANEOUS, Fund account, oa ae OT 10 0 O. P. Fund, be aa a — e Yusuf Ali Moonshee, ae oe |) SLD OO A. E. Gough, Esq. sia ms 010 O The Hou’ble J. B. Phear, es “a. 2 230" 16 Nel AD eee Carried over, Rs, 24,761 2 7 xV Now 1. of the Asiatic Society for 1873. DISBURSEMENTS. PUBLICATIONS. 1873, 1872. Paid Freight for sending Journal and Pro- ceedings, Rs. bt 3 6 Ditto Lithographing and Engraving charges, 1,483 14 38 Ditto Printing charges, see 0,159 10 6 Ditto Commission on sale of Books, &e. oe 8614 3 Ditto Binding charges, ee ie 1. 8 °"e Ditto paper for Plates, «. 247 6 O Ditto Subscription to the Hindu Commentator, LOO. 40 Ditto Purchase of Postage Stamps, a hoe a Ditto Refund of the amount to Babu P. C. Ghosha, on the sale proceeds from the Re- gistrar General’s Office, te ee 25°09 Ditto Petty charges, awe neh 10°. 7 3 7,270 210 6,703 8 2 LIBRARY. Paid Salary of Librarian, “ae te oo oO. 0 Ditto Establishment, ee eo OO Ditto Commission on sale of Books, aaa 30 14 3 Ditto Landing charges, Pre oF s 9 Oo Ditto Book-binding, ae, coe O° O Ditto Subscription to Medical Gazette, 15 0 0 Ditto Salary of Punkha-man, ... -o 35.13 3 Ditto Insufficient Postage, on 1 1 4 Ditto Subscription to the Caleutta Review,... 32 0 O Ditto Purchase of Books, Bos we RAS. O'S Ditto Bearing Postage, ate sia 25 4 Ditto Petty charges, ree aA 2412 6 1,518 13 11 1,344 4 3 SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Paid General Establishment, ., ae core OO Ditto Secretary’s Establishment, fore Ss (Oo Ditto Purchase of Postage ag oe 6S 10 Ditto Stationery, wes 39 10 3 Ditto Insufficient Postage, re cet b 0 0 Ditto Meeting charges, ‘ 148 3 6 Ditto Commission on Subscriptions collected, Pie al eae Ditto Salary of Mali, ee 57 0 O Ditto Subscription to the Army L List, 5a 4 0 0 Ditto ditto Directory, s oe 14 0 0 Ditto Printing charges, a oe 33 10 O Ditto a Sheet Almanac, ae we = O8 Ditto Advertising charges, be 2% 14 8 O Ditto a Copy of Postage Guide, . i SM 8 att ‘ Ditto Fee to the Bank of Bengal for Stamp- ing Bank Cheques, og 0 Ditto Repairing Clocks, = soa 36 0 O Ditto Binding Paper Files, . ie Ditto ditto Ledgers, ade a 15* 0 0 Ditto Freight, 2 eae 5 5 O cf ae 9 a Ditto Petty charges, 2,614 0 4 2,520 0 1 Carried over, Rs. 11,493 1 1 XvV1 RECEIPTS. Brought over, Rs, J. Beames, Esq. A. M. Markham, Esq. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Dr. V. Richards, Dr. J. F. N. Wise, Messrs. Triibner and Co, EK. W. Clark, Esq. me The Government of North Western Provinces, Col. H. Hyde, Capt. S. B. Miles, ae Babu Haris Chandra, Benares, . G. Nevill, Esq. R, A. Barker, Esq. R. B. Smart, Esq. M.S. Howell, Esq. A. V. Nursing Rao, Esq. Major F, W. Stubbs, EH. T. Atkinson, Esq. 731 37 1 49 AD 13 hRROCORaANOK — bo =a SCMOnMunr Oe = wmorOonNnares 1873. 224761 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 998 13 10 Carried over, Rs. 25,760 O 5 1872. 748 14 3 XVli DISBURSEMENTS. 1873. 1872. Brought over, Rs. 11,403 1 1 VeEsTED Funp. Purchase of 43} per cent. Government Secu- rities, Ae an 8,000, 0 (0 Paid Interest on ditto, see it 4213 3 Ditto Premium on ditto, fue Gee ey ane O Ditto Commission ditto, an ai 14.14 3 Ditto Fee for renewing Government Securities, 2 0 0 Ditto Commission on collecting Interest on the Government Security, 2 te 0.9 5 Ditto a receipt Stamp, a a 1G —— b07o 9 1h 0 4 4 BUILDING. Paid House rate, een ia aoe oO. OC Ditto Police and Lighting rate, ... is @ 2LO0..0 Ditto Water rate, 199 15 O Fitting drainage "and Water- pipe to the So- ciety’s Premises, «a oun da 0 Repairing outside of ditto, aia as bao Go 6 Ditto new works, eel; BB2-@ 0 Supplying new glasses to the windows, ie 4 1 8 ————_ — 3,539 2 6 853 7 3 MISCELLANEOUS, : Subscriptions, daa et 200” ONO ©. P. Fund, - 600 1 7 Yusuf Ali Moonshee, ae any, etoewe O Zoological Garden, ea 26 0 O Bank "OF Bengal Fund account, . sae es eae O&O Indian Museum, ae eae Rae Ma S. EH. Peal, Esq. ae sae bis 0 The Rev. J. D. Bate, Sr aes O- ou The Hon’ble J. B. Phear, eae sae 40 0 0 J. G. Delmerick, Esq. ae 2 2 0 The Government North Western Pr ovinces,.. 10. 2 0 J. Beames, Hsq. sae eae 2! 6" 0 M.S. Howell, Esq. noe “ee ae A, M. Markham, Esq. vee ee 15. 11 © F. 8S. Growse, Esq. aaa & T08 The Rev. A. T. R. Hoernle, sia i 7.0 Dr. J. F. N. Wise, awe P -Se a A. M. Broadley, Esq. 39 10 O Khwajah Ahsanullah, ie 1.10 0 The Rev. C. H. Chard, 0 & 0 L. Schwendler, Esq. 2 6 O R. A. Barker, Esq. ee L\2 0 M. Sashagiri Sastri, ue oe £ B-.@ E. B. Cowell, Esq. ue ees 10 8 0 Messrs. Trubner and Co. wi oO bo Dr. F. Stoliczka, i 0.0 J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 6 3 0 Capt. Raverty, = 21 3 0 Major G. EK. Fryer, £0 9 HE. T, Atkinson, Esq. =a 012 0 Sayed Ahmed Khan Bahadoor, ... 0 6 O Messrs. Asher and Co. Wei 2 0 0 1910 9 7—— Carried over, Rs. 20,917 138 6 XVlli RECEIPTS. 1€73. 1871. Brought over, Rs. 25,760 O 5 BaLANCE OF 1872. In the Bank of Bengal, ase sees AROTS BIA Cash in hand, aes oe » lado. 2 911 8 6 oO oer ree Rs. 26,671 8 11 (Sd.) BuppinatH Bysack, Cashier, Asiatic Society, Bengal. (Sd.) F. W. Prrerson, (Sd.) ALEXANDER PEDLER, Auditors. Major F. W. Stubbs, D. C. J. Ibbetson, Esq. C. W. Marshall, Esq. The Hon ble E. C. Bayley, H. C. Williams, Esq. Capt. W. G. Hughes, Capt. J. Butler, . John Elliott, Esq. Lecture, Dr. J. M. Foster, BALANCE. In the Bank of Bengal, Cash in hand, xX1x DISBURSEMENTS, 1873. 1872, Brought over, Rs. 1,910 9 720,917 13 6 iy eS a 187.0 ae cee HO 12 0 ee eee 315 0 * i as a vee ee 0 4 0 ass see Pe «0 : k 6 0 O-9 G “fs dt 8 6 vee eee 114 0 kl 196613 1 73410 3 22,884 10 7 6.0 J. Woodburn, Esq. ne 5 4 6 Balwant Rao Govind, ee ave 414 0 China Tumby, G. W. ioe wea 3-0 0 Babu Braj Bhushan Das, aa ae sol as,. 0 F. 8. Growse, Esq. So a 1-8. 0 975.76 10, Al6" 12 56 CONSERVATION OF SANSKRIT MSS. Received from the Accountant General of Bengal, in part of the amount sanctioned towards the conservation of Sanskrit MSS. being 2nd half of 1872-73, _... oe goo nD a) Refund of the amount paid Babu Rajendra Lala Mitra, as advance for purchase of Sanskrit MSS. . 400 0 0 Ditto ditto of the ditto paid travelling allow- ance, ‘ 25 0 0 Sale proceeds of 27 copies Notices of Sanskrit MSS. a : cee 1 2 fee an 21008 0 On 5450 aD Carried over, Rs. 14,947 10 7 Xx1 Ne: 2. Oriental Publication Fund, 1873. DISBURSEMENTS. ORIENTAL PUBLICATION. = 1873. 1872, Paid Commission on Sale of Books, &, ... 476 5 5 Ditto Packing charges, pee = 35 4 0 Ditto Postage Stamps, ses fre Jo) O° EO Ditto Freight, esi ore Sik oO Ditto Advertising charges, ae «s 400-0 0 Ditto Gisuiiciant: Postage, 010 0 Refunded the Commission to “Babu P, C. * Ghosha, on Sales to the Registrar General’s Office, ea oes — 21. 0 G Petty charges, cap ce me G6. 5 0 ———— 1132 10 9 959 4 0 LIBRARY. Paid Purchase of Sanskrit MSS. jen ae Ditto ditto of Persian MSS. whe as 240. OO Ditto ditto of Lithographed or Printed Hdi- tions of Sanskrit MSS. eae wa Looe 8 Ditto Petty charges, fa 7 4 0 ; Sa 777 6 O 82314 0 Custopy oF ORIENTAL WORKS, Paid Salary of the Librarian, ., ae 260 Or O Ditto Establishment, ae en ool mye Ditto Stationery, =e 32 2 0 Ditto Fee for Stamping Cheques, was a “2 0 Ditto Book-binding, - vas 34 4 0 Ditto Bearing Postage, a bie 0 5 0 Ditto Repairing Glass-Case, ... sa G 3 G Ditto Binding Ledger, iad i 2 O20 Ditto Carbolic Acid, ae ae 20-0 @ Ditto Printing charges, as ade 56 0 O Ditto Books cleaning, ne ae 17 5 3 Ditto Petty charges, ose see 2712 O —— 1,220 9 9 1,038 4 0 CATALOGUE OF Sanskrit MSS. Paid Salary for Cataloguing Sanskrit MSS., at 30 Rs. per month, hee me aoe eG ee eS) ae Ne) ee AKBARNAMAH. | Paid Printing charges, Baa aw, 206 0 0 nee a TarrTiRIyvA ARANYAKA OF THE BLACK YasuR VEDA. —— Paid Printing charges, ee a ee a O sie dk th ee ee Carried over, Rs. 4,263 14 6 heels : * This ne he 4 XXxlil DISBURSEMENTS. ; . Brought over, Rs. FARHANG-I-RASHIDf. Paid Editing and Printing charges, os J182 ~S 0 eed Ain-I-AKBARE. Paid Hditing and Printing charges, s+ “OLD 0 0 Ditto Preparing an English Index of Persons * and things and Geographical Index to First Volume of English Translation of the Ain i Akbari, a nul ese 80 0 0 CHATURVARGA CHINTAMANI. Paid Editing and Printing charges, ea coke. Ue. 3G _ TaBaQgAT 1 NAsrRi. Paid Messrs. Gilbert, Revington, Printers, London, for Printing charges,... =a. oat a 9 Ditto Landing charges, &., for bringing a box of ditto from the Jetty, ... 6 6 0 Sama VEDA. Paid Editing and Printing charges, wmotcoa: & G Madsir 1 ’ALAMG{RfE. Paid Maulawi’Abdul Hai, for correcting 6} forms of ditto, Joi a, 25 0 0 Sravuta SuTRA. Paid Editing and Printing charges, . 435 0 0 Gopitya Grinya SuTRA. Paid Editing and Printing, se 2. oGg 12..6 TAITTIRIYA SANHITYA. Paid Editing and Printing charges, &e. ... 342 0 O PRITHIRAS RAsv. Paid Printing charges, vee wa we 6 -O PADISHAHNAMAH, Paid Editing and Printing charges, «. 65214 0 ATHARVANA UPANISHAD. é Paid Editing and Printing charges, wa Soo. ko & CHAND’s PoEMs. Paid Freight and Postage for sending 2 Pack- ages of ditto to the Rey. A. F. BR. Hoernle, Benares, vee sos oes SaNHITA DARPANA. Paid Bearing Postage on a Copy of ditto, .. 0 6 Copyine MSS. Paid Copying MSS., oa ose 20 4 O 1873. 4,263 14 6 1,182 8 foo) 699 0 Oo oO 1,312 12 827 13 9 1,205 6 6 562 12 0 342 0 0 20 4 0 Carried over, Rs.12,756 15 9 1872. 1,153 0 1,021 9 1,312 12 533 0 656 6 445 0 474 0 956 0 332 9 34 10 57 9 XX1V RECEIPTS. 1873. 1872, Bronght over, Rs. 14,947 10 7 BALANCE oF 1872. In the Bank of Bengal, viz. Conservationof Sanskrit MSS. 3,976 8 5 Dr. J, Muir, sa see O08 LO! 20 O. P. Fund, ae - eee 8° 9 6,187 11 2 Cash in hand, ... Be oe 1G. Bias ———— —— 6,148 3 10 Rs, 21,095 14 5 (Sd.) Buppinarn Bysack, Cashier. Asiatic Society, Bengal. F. W. PETERSON, ALEXANDER PEDLER, Auditors. XxXV DISBURSEMENTS. 1873. 1872, Brought over, Rs. 12 Babu Braj Bhushan Das, 4 8 rn diese Kavi Purapa Vencut Ratnam Pantua, ae 612 0 Babu Bhaiya Lal, Beak ace 2 15. 0 V. Subbiah, Esq. oe oF oO 2 Thakura Giriprasad Singh, say 19 10 O Jogendranarain Roy, vee vee 3, 7 O Gopal Rao Hury Deshmukh, ,., | CO 4 © K. Jyavier, Esq. ny 0 § 2 Pandita Chandrakanta Tarkalanker, yi 2 ae Asiatic Society of Bengal, ECT eg) - 9 M. Sashagiri Sastri, 4414 0 F. 8. Growse, Esq. 1°87? 0 Balwant Rao Govind, Y ioe mat ———— Lig 7 we CONSERVATION OF Sanskrit MSS, Paid Salary for preparing Catalogue of Sans- krit MSS. 360 0 0 Ditto ditto for translating the Sanskrit Cata- logue, 240 0 0 Ditto printing charges of Notices of Sanskrit MSS. ea ape~ "8 0 Ditto Postage for sending of ditto ditto,” 5. 15) 3S 6 Ditto Freight for ditto ditto, ... ae 14 4 0 Ditto Copying MSS. ‘si dis oo 7% O Ditto for Stationery, weg 7414 0 Ditto Purchase of Sanskrit MSS. - 290 8 0O Ditto Travelling Pandit as advance for tra- velling allowance, =. aes 25 0 0 Ditto Packing charges, eis © 12.6 Ditto Salary for travelling Pandit, sts SUG O° “6 Ditto Printing Paper, 28 12 O Ditto reproduced by Photo- Zincography first of the Chaturvarga Hotra on tinted ground 500 pulls only printing, ie ie es ae Ditto Babu Rajendralala Mitra, as an advance for Purchase of Sanskrit MSS. . 400 0 0 Ditto a Blank Book in 6 quires for Register of MSS. ot whe 6 8 0 Ditto Travelling allowance, eis ce 10 0 O Ditto Petty charges, oa tee 313 0 -_—_—— - 2,244 11 6 BALANCE, In the Bank of Bengal, viz. Conservation of Sanskrit MSS. 3,733 12 11 Dr. J. Muir, eae fu SOS. 10- 0 ©. P:. Fund, ea F207 1a 5 5,900 6 4 Cash in hand, ... ae ee 23 5°30 — ——_ 5,923 12 2 Rs. 21,095 14 6 (Sd.) BuppinatH Bysack, Cashier. Asiatic Society, Bengal. F. W. PETERSON, ALEXANDER PEDLER, Auditors. ‘ARTIC Y AWANVXATVY XXV1 “GL8T ‘NOSUBLEG “M ‘A ILL ples ‘St 0: 0 Otis 0 .@ 006. — 7 ao *‘p ‘ON jO TI pue JT szieg yeuanoe 0 0 066 ‘“XpurxXy] ‘SON ‘Scatposoorg —PPV So ATIC = 0 PV Ssé6- pte ‘SL8T JO TITA “ON pue TTA ‘ON ‘Scurlpeso01g —so.01eyo ourquLlg 044d § S&L hE * 049tp roy rodeg o4e[g 0 OL 888 ‘SZ8T JO § ‘ON ‘TI Wed pues g ‘ON ‘J WAV [eUsNOr "SOSIVYO SUIJULIG ‘ssorg WOIsstT Wydegq 8 9 696 S84 “ Gueurystiqeis pue Arepes “EZ81 “SHILITIAVIT 6 € 2992 8 & SIZ6 8H oO O- 0 O- @ :2gs° ‘qunoo0e puny [ecueg Jo yue_g O: 8 Sclie Se. “T up9" 8 ane ‘puny ‘dO 6 IL 6PS‘2 § ZS OFL‘S O= Laoee “Ovum Ooze . ** mais ‘sqoog Areaqry Jo o[eg G2 @ 296. 56° Bl seo: 3g ‘0941p Jo uorydtatosqng 0 6 <488°So *eLl ‘Sir -** - VUIMoL JO BBE 0 6 S899 0 4 ssZz‘9 °" a ‘uorydiaosqug 00 oz OO 8s ™ +s ‘go0j WOISSIUpVY ‘ONIGNViLSLOO 9 8 TII66 b PL 98PIT Os 0 000% O. 0 ~0OL °** ove ‘SOIJLINIOG JUSUU.IOAOL) 2 GLePL OL Sst e6e °" ee ‘puey Ur yseg y 6 194 9 FL C688 8H © Tesueg jo yuvg oy} UL ‘HSVO ‘cLST *SLST ‘SLASSV PLO ‘hump Ist ay, uo yosuag fo lizaioy o1nM1sp ay? £0 8a192]19QDYT PUN SJassf ay] PUIMNIY ‘6 “ON LUNAWOALVIS “ARTIAT WAANVXATY ‘NOSUALAG “M ‘i 8 &I 2606 ‘8U OLO Z94°8 OL 4 Le9°8 SY ¢1uw ‘pesuog jo 401008 orVIsy 0 ots6s * a } “TNL “fA TECH Gez.8 “" “SST JHSUBG JO UOLPvATOSMOH » G 618°E 0 0 Z6ér °" “SSI aoe Jo esvyomnd ‘Ipy yeelnyg OOP... 2- ‘xX ‘osu “vpeA vues soSivyo Sulyipe Twig vue” ByeLe A 0FJNG we Dice. > 3 0- 0129 .~ a ae yeysyE jo soded 816 sutkdog 5 0 0 68S ‘uvyy Feuy 0 O 8 ‘Yqequesy sosireyo suryutd pure Suryipe “peuyy uUlppnarqey areas 0 SL SZI ‘** eoueleq ‘xy ‘ose ‘eaqng euededyeT = sosreyo Suyutd ‘Ssorg IyIWI[eA OU, le . 0.78 2261 aes “ueaindiusy sosreyo aoe IIIT Te acct sh nqeg OO 066 2s ‘“qeqny [u qeyy -eyUny, JO Xopuy Suryeu ‘uUIYeYy anpqy ; Via eGokO we ete 8 &T oP 8 &L GP ae ‘esueg Jo Asopouysy uoqpeq ‘too OL: 096." *X ‘Ose “epoA vureg y SL SZ8T O PT OZ8T “ ‘wordriosqng pur seg vooyjorlqig, O ZI 083 “* “AT ‘Ose “eueang lasy 0 0 064 0 0 084 ‘ BL8T “99 10J COMeAOTTY JuoTAUIAADNH OF <0S . "TX ‘ose So 8" OF OL G & ~ ~ *** ‘pul UL ysep TUVUIeyUIGY wBorwArngvyg Qatienees.y 7.9 009. —————— O 9 OOT ‘XI ‘oS “VUEsIEg vsuvU TT G GI 29¢T ** pung ‘d ‘O ‘SOdIVYO SUIJULIG—ssolg Bsouey OooLaes.. le aarh) Oe ome ee GO OL sion. *" sic ‘om ‘OW ‘LaeQyy I uly IL ZL eeL‘@ ‘St att SSTT sesreyo Ssuuiad ‘sso1g uorsstp, ysydeq qliysusg jo uolearosuog VS 06 ‘SY’ “ELSI 1OF JuoTays! [quis pue Arepeg ‘ZA ‘[esuog Jo yueg oy} UT “GL8T “EL8T “SHILITIGVIT “GL8T “SL8T “‘SLUSSV TLOT MAONUDE 28ST ay} U0 “fF ‘d ‘O Juguag fo lizo1900g ‘o1,nIsP ayy JO 821Q121QDIT PUD Szassf ey2 FGuneys % ‘ON LNAWALVLS a * = en ee rare See S.C ee lO Nn ear a ——— z ‘agTddg AWaNvxaty ‘NOSUBLEG “M ‘“ ——— £ 8 8l6¢ ‘SY G¢ 8 8l6¢ 8Y Sere §°S so — oo ager o w ‘SSI IIstIug JO Se01j0N jo sotdoo 2Z jo sposdoad avg 0 SoaGgie= 2 ‘E181 Thady pug . OY} WO COUVMOT[V SUT[[OACIY TOF OBA C54 “pe sve QIpuvg ourjoavs pred 0741p 0991q 0 0 00F ‘ELST “teqmoydag YET oY} UO "GET Fy “suvg jo osvyound a0j oouvape se “e144I]T "T WY uqeg pred qunowe oy} jo punsoy OOF 08s: ; ‘EL-GL8T JO JleY puooes Out 40F “SSW PAYsuVg jo uoryeoryqug pues UWorearesuogn spaeMoq “OOL‘E ‘SY ¢ § 8Z6°¢ ———————— Ajjenuue pouornoues uns J[ey oy} Sureq De et eeie = pd 4 “< goureyege ‘[Vouog JO JUSUMUIEAOY oY} WOIT POatoooyy 9 IL Pres SY ae ‘E481 Ur yueds yunowy ¢ 8 9468 ‘SU ae ‘ELST JO Soureg ‘EZ8I “ICT ‘ID | ncn ‘yosuag fo liqa109 0144018F aY2 YPN. JUALIND QUNODIDP UL “SST patysuny fo U01]DALISUO) '¢ “ON LNAWALV.LS eee XXVI11 eS a a ee a 7 ; Meteorological Observations. X Vil | Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the mouth of March 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Kast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer aljove the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. ‘ou 2 ae Range of the Barometer mH a 23 during the day. FA = 2 ee EE Date. aS a) Ag ae . r ag eo i, | Max. Min. Diff. © 4 Ss Ps =i | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. fy) 1 29.985 | 30.058 | 29.911 0.147 74.5 2 .932 024 845 179 75.8 3 .839 | 29.902 776 .126 76.7 4, 854 | 914, 804 £10 78.2 5 915 | 30.004 .865 wba 76.7 6 .885 | 29.975 828 147 75.2 is 843 931 61 5) a aad ote 8 8 834 901 179 .122 75.5 mo 803 ae L 734 Ab 78.3 10 .849 913 | 794 TS 79.0 11 968 | 30.052 .876 176 76.3 12g .970 O71 .882 .189 74.0 13 .208 | 29.997 .832 165 74.1 14, .835 .910 .766 144 76.8 15 .829 921 .766 155 79.8 16 .883 .980 .813 167 72.8 17 .823 902 £736 .166 74.6 18 .736 .819 .677 142 78.7 19 761 .832 707 .125 78.0 20 154 .845 .682 .163 77.2 21 835 917 Jao 184 78.6 22 850 .939 762 had 79.0 23 714 784, .635 149 79.6 24 654 b's .580 hae 81.5 25 708 .780 634 .146 82.7 26 801 882 | le ep 81.8 27 .868 gest” +807 151 | 81.8 28 847 .936 764 172 80.5 29 811 .897 726 a 81.9 30 793 861 WEY | 124 83.6 31 442 856 .689 167 84.0 Range of the Tempera- ture during the day. a ! ’ | Max. Min. | Diff. a) 9) | oO 85.7 64.0 | 21.7 86.2 66.2 | 20.0 86.0 69.0°| 17.0 89.5 710 18.5 O5-7 72.0 | 8387 83.5 69.5 | 14.0 86.8 70.5 16.3 86.6 | 68.8 | 17.8 88.0 71D + 16.5 87.0 73.5 | 13.5 83.5 Th) 42:5 86.4, Gh? | S27 86.0 63.4 | 22.6 9(0).2 65.5 | 24.7 92.0 71.8) Bes 76.0 70.0 6.0 82.8 68.8 | 14.0 86.0 73.0 | 13.0 86.3 748 | 14.5 88.3 68.5 | 19.8 88.0 70.0 | 380 88.6 FLA | 372 88.0 472.4 | 15.6 91.3 76.5 | 148 93.5 75.2 | 18.3 91.2 75.0 | 16.2 92 6 75.0 | 17.6 93.0 68.8 | 24.2 94.0 | 74.0! 20.0 96.4 | 73.0 | 23.4 95.8 | 75.0 | 20.8 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. XV Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations fuken «al the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, vn the mouth of March \874. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued.) os ees u re) 43 pees 2 A caowni ye is |e - | Date. = ae A Poe ae 2 Zo m2 3 3 eels a eb el § ei A a) oO O 1 65.2 9.3 58.7 2 67.1 8:7 61.0 3 68.9 Be 63.4 4, 74 6.8 66.6 5 70.1 6.6 65.5 6 68.2 7.0 62.3 24 66.5 | 10.2 59.4, 8 69.7 5.8 65.6 9 74.2 4.1 71.3 10 74.8 4.2 71.9 11 66.1 | 10.2 59.0 12 60.9 | 13.1 51.7 13 62.6 | 11.5 54.5 14, 66.1 10.7 58.6 1s | oy wae 8.6 65.2 16 70.0 2.8 67.8 17 69.2 5.4, 65.4 18 79.1 6.6 67.5 19 67.6 | 10.4 60.3 20 68.1 9.1 61.7 2] 70.9 74 65.5 22 42,9 6.8 67.4 23 75.0 4.6 71.8 24 76.8 4.7 73.5 25 74.9 7.8 69.4, 26 73.6 8.2 67.9 27 71.2 | 10.6 63.8 28 7.4, 1 ~ a 63.3 99: | F724 9.8 65.2 30. emer 11.9 63.4, 31 PUBS 6.3 aM -_———————— Dry Bulb above Dew Point. — pad eet ed TD a CWODRAHANNWNWOANWAWWHOdwWoDaw WO OO OD ST CO OU NT 6 Or OD 6 DONT STAT CO NTE a) Mean Elastic force Pe: vapour. Inches. 0.501 O41 .986 651 .628 O84 le .030 .758 1713 .506 .396 ABS 499 621 677 .626 .670 028 554 .628 .668 ae 814 dla .679 598 584, .621 586 809 Ly Mean Weight of Vanou in a Cubic foot of air Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation. - Mean degree of Humi- dity. complete satu- ration being unity. Ajl the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations — dbstract of the Results of the LTourly Meteorological GChserralious taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleulta, . am the mouth of March \87A. Hourly Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. — |“ 8 Range of the Barometer | = ; Range of the Tempera- a for each hour during ane Lue: hop eine lene DES the month, =: | during the month. $4 — — . ee EEE a ) Hear a. qs es ama | y 7 aie SL lke eee ens Max. Min. Diff. #5 Max. | Min. Diff, a = 3 | ) = E | | | Tnches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | 0 Oe | 0 6 | | Mid- | night.| 29.841 30.009 | 29.661 | 0.348 73.8 78.6 67.0 11.6 1 .830 O00 651 349 | 73.3 78.0 66.4, 11.6 2 817 | 29.994 | ig) 7.850 |. 72:9 77.5 65.9 11.6 3 806 980 634) ':346. | 72:6 tia 65.2 12.1 4, 801 976 629.| 347. | 72.0 "7.2 64.6 12.6 5 818 984 .639 B45 Fic vEO 64.1 12.9 6 .836 .998 655 343 yd: 76.5 Got4e 1 Teed 7 £858 | 30.912 686 326 Tip 7 Ove 68 sa) 138 8 .888 048 704 344 Jame i) “72:6 67:6.) “1B 9 907 059 | 718 344 76.6 | 82.6 70.3 12.2 10 ‘Si2') ( 071 717| 354 | 79.6 | 864 | 71.5 | 149 itp .903 053 714 .309 82.7 90.8 | 72.6 18.2 Noon. 877 .027 .690 337 =| 84.8 93.0 F201 248 1 847 OL .65 | B50 86.4 94.3 72.9 21.4 2 816 | 29.985 629 356 87.2 95.5 74.4, 21.1 3 .790 957 597 .360 87.8 96.4 Tbe 22.8 4, 19 .950 591 359 87.3 96.4 73.0 23.4 5 174 .955 580 375 86.1 95.4 72.9 | 22.5 6 781 .965 589 3/6 82.8 92.0 72.0 | 20.0 7 7197 .976 625 ol 79.5 86.20 ~71aesp ee 8 £816 | 39.000 644 356 Tink 84..0 70.8 13.2 9 .835 014 675 339 76.3 82.0 70.9 It 10 .845 .O19 .680 3a9 75.5 80.5 70.0 10.5 il .846 .013 .673 B40 74.8 79.6 68.5 11.1 / | ' ae . i ; aS Do yew The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the sev ral hours during the month, xx Meleorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of March 1874. Hourly Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued). 4 3 43 oH Som ‘SS . Pas ON EE BE A Oa ee 3) oe "OS oF cs ala Po Reales be h | bo | wes See | 5 5 5 cE o&, |E Ee |oe 4 Hour.) is } a = a 6 = a 2 bs o's, a 2 2 2 = Be | ee eee ee = = a As | ES | §82 \3388 a Fa 5, Aa aS ae 2S 2 1a a 8 5 : A PS | ge | 83 |iad abs Hd ie OC lee Be se ed Meee oy) fe) 7) ) ieles: | Ty pr, ”| Th aa Mid- ret OR 3.6 67.7 6:4 0.674, hee it 1.61 0.82 ] 69.9 3.4 67.2 6.1 664 .26 58 .82 2 69.6 3.3 67.0 5.9 .659 sok 52 85 3 69.3 3.2 66.7 5.8 .653 14 49 .83 4 69.2 2.3 67.0 5.0 .659 23 27 .85 i) 68.8 2.8 66.6 5.0 651 14 .26 85 6 68.6 2.5 66.6 4.5 651 14 14 86 7 68.6 277 66.4 4.9 646 10 23 85 8 69.4 3.8 66.4 6.8 646 07 75 .80 y 70.4 6.2 66.1 10.5 640 6.94. 2.83 71 10 70.8 8.8 64.6 15.0 609 58 4.11 62 11 70.8 1S) 62.5 20.2 068 10 8.62 52 Noon.| 70.6 14.2 60.7 24.1 596 5.71 6.75 46 1 70.6 | 15.8 59.5 26.9 | 515 47 7.59 42 2 70.9 | 16.3 61.1 26.1 543 ve 60 43 3 70:8 417.0 60.6 27.2 534 .66 94, 42 4 70.5) 4.16.8 60.4 26.9 530 63 78 42 5 714 4515.6 60.6 25.5 53 57 .38 3 6 41 ed 63.9 18.9 595 6.38 5.37 54, 7 71.1 9 8.4 65.2 14.3 621 72 3.94 63 8 70.5 7.2 65.5 12.2 628 81 .29 67 9 70.3 6.0 66.1 102 640 .96 2.73 72 10 70.6 4.9 67.2 8.3 664 123 23 76 11 70.7 4.1 67.8 7.0 | 677 38 1.85 80 a All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. xxi Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calculla, im the month of March \874, Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. Se achape . - ‘WInD. | Sa ilsod a2 \ges errr - as ie Prevailing z a ae General aspect of the Sky. a Se Bie direction. ae A S o Inches, [S W | ib Miles. _* Deiat) t.. |\Whys,WSW& ... |. 72.5| B to12a.m., \ito 11 P. m. Bi4s9:O |) 2; SW&WSW | 73.2! Bto4p.m., \itoll p. m. iets fr Lo by VY és W |... | 63.9| \ito ll au. 8 to3 p.m. \i to 11 p.m. Foggyat3,4&6 4. M. 4\ 145.9) ... SW&SS8W |... | 35.8) \i. Foggy from 4 to 8 a. m. same... | Sby W&S WwW)... | -40.1) \itoda.m. Otollam., i to 3 p. M. Bto7 P. M., \i to 9 ‘P.M. Btoll p.m. Dat 10 a.m. Gt L322" © a SW&WSW |8.0| 60.4) Bto6a4.m.,\Wi &Uito 3 p.m. O to 9 p.m.\i to 11 P. M. Brisk wind f.om 12 a. m. to 33 Pp. M. ‘D at 33 & OP. M. 7| 134.5) 0.41 \Sby W & NNW) 6.2) 151.8; “-itola.m.Oto9 a.m. Wi to 12 a. M., \i & \_i to 8 Pp. m. Sto 11 Pp. m. Brisk wind from 63 to 74 a. M. & at 1] p.m. T at 11 p. wu. L from 8 toll Pp. mu. Slight R at 3,6 & 74 a.m. & be- tween 10 & 11 P. M. 8, 134.5 | 0.78 | N) 18.0; 91.0! Oto4a.m., \ito8a. mM. B to 12 4a.Mm., “ito ll p.m. High wind from 5} to 6; p.m. T at 55 '& 6 p.m. L from 5§ to 113 P.M. Hail stone at 6p. mM. Rat6& 91 P. M. 9 137.5| .. | SW& W |0.9| 199.2) Chiefly B. 10, 140.0; 0.09 Ws W Hoke O80) igo] ee ats SB Ot Ae eines to3p.m.Bto5 vp. M. S to 8 p.m. Btoll p.m. Tat 7 pv. mu. L from 63 to 8 p.m. Slight R at 7; p.m. Be) oe. @ |... ae ... | 285.1 | B. Foggy from 3 to 65 A. M. TA} BHD |. N ... | 168.6| B. Slightly foggy from 7 to 10 P. M. 13) 140.0] ... |WNW,NW&SW) ... | 124.2| B. 141420; .. |WSW&SW)...| 82.8] B. | 15} 140.5 SW&SSE |... |111.7| Btolp.u.Lito4r. mu. Bto \ll Pp. M. | ie EEG ene CO ee ~ iCirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~ i Cumulo-strati, ~1 N imbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle. XX11 Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the month of March 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. _ WIND. Sg |e. oO 9 a=) Os eas Sas 3 iis Gis 5 Prevailing i ; BE General aspect of the Sky. BS = S BoP direction. a & A 3 0) Tnehes lb | Mile. Lop. 0.40 SS E & variable 129.21 “Bio@al M. Oto 1 erarrD between 7 & 8,10 & ll a. m., & at 10 p. m. Lat 7i a.m. & be- tween 10 & 11 vp. m. Slight R after intervals. 17) 135-0 |. 0.10 Variable. 1:0 |.146.6'|< @ to Ll «. ‘um, i tere oe. Ai to 8 P.M, ttodiaesn at 44 p.mM., Lat 7,8 &10P. m. ‘Slight R at 1, 33 a.m.3& 7 p.m. 18! 139.0 SSW,WSW&S 15231 | \caiste 7 aA. OB to 10 a, 8 to 8 p. M. B to 11 vp. wm. L at midnight & from 7 to 9 Pp. M. 19) 139.0 S&N W 77.8| Btoie.u.\i&—itoll p.m. 20, 140.0 Eby N&SW 61.6) \ito4a.mM..0 to84. m1 to: 6 P.M. \1!to 9 p.m Bio i p.m. L from 63 to9 p.m. D at 8 Pp. M. 21| 143.5 E&ENE 112.6; Bto2a.™M. ni to64. mM. B to 9a.m., “ito7 p.m. Btoll p.m. 22) 145.0 SE&SW 67:2. Bto 7 4. M4 nto Aw a, a to 7 p.M. Bto1l P.M. 23| 142.2 S&SS W 1.7|186.3| Bto6a. m., scuds to 9 a. M., \_i to 6 p.m. Btollv. mu. Brisk wind nearly the whole day, 24) 140.0} 0.16 |S by W & SS W/ 7.5 | 316.4) Bto 3a.m.,itol0a.m., “i to 6 p. mM. B to 8 p. m., scuds to 1l ep. m. Strong wind from 9a. m. to 54 p. Mm. T, L& hail-stone be- tween 3 & 4P. M. Rat 93 4. Mm. & 3¢ P, M. 25) 148.3 SSW &S by W| 0.2 | 268.3 : 26) 140.2 SW &N by W]... | 138.7) Bto2a.m.Sto8a.m.Btollp.m. 27| 145.0 WSW&NW/* | 90.1} Bto2a.m.S to6a.m.Btollp.m. 28 141.5 SwWw,&SS W 113.3] B. Shghtly foggy at 6&7 a.m. 29) 144.0 BOW, 0 W- 152.3 Chiefly B. Shghtly foggy at 4 & 5A. M. 30, 146.0 SW & W 0.3 | 129.5 | - B. 31) 145.5 Sby W&S 141.0; 3B. Shghtly foggy at 5 a.m. \a Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~»_i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \ni Cirro-eumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. xiii Abstract of the Results of the TTourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Culcutta, wn the mouth of March \874, Monruiy Rusutrs. Tuches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month _.., ..» 29.834 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at‘0 a. M. on the 12th ... 30.071 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 Pp. uw. on the 24th ... 29.580 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month ei .. 0.491 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ss sas ee . 29.914 Ditto ditto Min. ditto z ~ wx SORTAS Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month a a Ocoee 0 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month if = o59 Max. Temperature occurred at 3 & 4 ». M.on the 30th ey no, See Min. Temperature occurred at 6 A. M. on the 13th.. te ac. Bap extreme range of the Temperature during the month cs ae eo Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... 4? a con® gt Sate Ditto ditto Min. ditto, a ie ee Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month... a.) See Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ie Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 8.0 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month a OR Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point ie 9 Le Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month hs fe .. 0.609 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month <, oe Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation saan Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.64 oO Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ... we «= hea Inches. Rained 9 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours ~ ‘on Ondo Total amount of rain during the month 1.94 Total amount of rain cidienbad by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- i meter during the month i sed oh Sas 52 Prevailing direction of the Wind ere Wiles s. SF W. & W. S. W. _ * Weight 70 feet 10 inches above ground. XX1V Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of March 1874. Montotiuy REsvutts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the Meteorological Observations, "UO WIRY “A Aq “NT "uO ULBY pe SE re rer rs ase mis ce are ‘UO URI “U0 URI ees i “MNT M “uO UIBYL HOR er AHH AN Loma Sirs AMAA ecw “M “UO WIRIT 4 “uo Urey “8 Aq “uo Urey “M*S* MA “uo ULw’Y, "A'S. "UO Wey “MS ‘8. ‘uo UPIY “mM 4q°9 “UO UlBY Ss oe | SNM AA RONAN Sa DAAAMAAWAWE MO HAAANMMAAAAA ce co ~OrdewndodOrirO add Oran Fwmo reer co lon) a COC HAO AA HO re ANNDOOAMAG = 1d SH SH OD 090 OO OO 4 oD OD ao NAN AMANO oD ‘UO TIN MOOMAANAANATRA KS AnrAAR —- MAAHM “a Aq 's ‘uO WI1eIY cae ee "U0 URI ‘a ‘S_ ‘uO UII ‘a "Ss “oL "U0 UIVIY “8 Aq “ol ‘uo WIRY] ace wa & ws iS) Se fo) fe) A > | rc An [a | ei rir re re too ie melicel el lial —— Sn en A OD | “UO Ue "UO UII “a ON CW "U0 TIBI "Oo ON “uO URI ANN "HO UII ma Aq‘ N "m0 UIeI] “N number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. Hour. oa ‘oobi io rc or Mid night BAI AIO Or-OAOs ac Noon, AND HO Or ODOR aie aoa DER eR oe eee Meteorological Observatious. xl Abstract of the Results of the LHouriy Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta t >] in the month of June 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Kast Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18 r feet Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical deca dependent thereon. . E : °& Range of the Baromet =i ae ge ol ¢ er oH Range of the 'Tempera- te 3 a= during the day. eae ture during the iar. & oe re é Date.| S Zo A 3 doe | Mi 7 a 2 ee 2 ax. Min. Diff. de Max. Min. Diff. ee a | a nT: Sana Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ce) re) ° ° 1 | 29.739 | 29.804 | 29.680 | 0.124] 87.8 | 97.0 2 902} .860| .745| + .115| 866 | 95.3 21.2 me 3 fr aya) yee; Jin; 95.2 | 96.7 80.5 | 16.2 4, go | .847| 704 | — .143| 81.9 | 87.0 80.0 | 7.0 5 ‘yaa| .912| .647| .165| 842 | 90.1 79.4) 10.7 6 ‘ya3.| .769| .661| .108| 81.2 | 883 79.0 | 93 7 ‘yor | .793| .660| .133| 82.5 | 88.0 79.0 | 9.0 8 oe fee | 681) 135 | 81.8 | 87.6 “7.0 | 10.6 9 691 745 615 130.| 82:5 90.2 “80 | 122 io | 641| .689| 577) 112) 80.7 | 88.0 77.0 | 11.0 11 .601 648 531 114 | 83.7 91.9 79.0 | 12.9 12 585 | .635 521 114] 85.8 | 93.4 80.3 | 13.1 13 .606 .652 545 ® .107 86.9 93.0 81.5 | 11.5 14 585 .636 506 130 | 85.4 94.8 99.0 | 12.8 15 .500 571 A29 142} 83.3 89.0 80.0 | 9.0 16 ae) eee. | 365 | 185 | 84.1) 90.0 79.5 | 10.5 17 421 482 361 121} 81.9 | 865 80.0} 6.5 18 514 594 448 146 | 79.6 | 83.3 78.0| 5.3 19 .560 613 497 116 | 82.5 | 86.0 78.7 | 7.3 20 B74, 618 520 098, 849 | 89.5 g1.2| 8.3 21 571 620 495 125 | 86.7 | 944 81.2 | 13.2 99 B95 583 448 485,| 80.0}. 93.6 g1.8 | 11.8 93 458 512 383 A 9 a ee oe a 8 10.4 O4 "429 AWS.| 385 090 | 823 | 87.5 | 79.4} 81 25 366 426 998| .128| 83.9 | 89.5 | 800} 9.5 26 337 et 2a). *) 108") 83.9'¢) 90-77 BRAY 9.3 27 ee cig| 360, 15a; 81.0 | 885 ) 7957 Ae 28 ee) ese| 490; 146) 83.6 | 900 | 796) 105 99 623 ee te BVO. 117 | 82.rep 90-3-) 7&0 Wee 30 661 718 | .597 ‘191 | 83.5 | 89.5 | 802| 9.3 | / The Mean Height of the Barometer, a Thermometer Means are derived, from the l } several hours during the day. s likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb ourly observations, made at the «lint Meteorological Observations, Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleulla, an the month of June 1874. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Cortinued.) [= ‘ : . le CH of a Cy) ey 8 SA aes P ea aes ie Waar camer Ae m4 eS RY 2 ~S | BSs8 in ee 2 © 2 S os) eee ee ee "3 5 E S Bile te Se ne 2 ee FQ a S ‘= = Se | F3S lo as Wale ae a A i S Sh.) 4 Boe ES 22 | 2 Sil ae | ee 23°) 22a Fei @ | & | ee | 28 | ES | seeless a § a 5 a 5 Sa |238 |g ® A p> = Poy o O gy crs |S & a A 3 A = = ee a a oO 0 fy) 0 Inches. | .T. er. 1 Ope i 80.0 | 7.8 75.3 12.6..| 0.862).; 946 4.44, 0.67 2 80.6 | 6.0 77.0 9.6 .910 69 | 3.45 74 3 79.5 5.7 75.5 9.7 .868 27 B34 74 4 79.0 2.9 | 77.0 4.9 .910 79 1.65 .86 5 79.6 | 46 76.4 7.8 .893 56 2.68 78 6 78.8 2.4 77.1 4.1 913 84 1.37 88 7 79.5 3.0 77.4 5.1 .922 91 WES 85 8 78.4 3.4, 76.0 5.8 £882 .48 92 83 9 | 78.2 4.3 75.2 pe .860 24 2.40 79 30 78.3 2.4 76.6 4.1 899 69 1.35 .88 a 80.0 3.7 77.4 6.3 | #922 .89 2.18 82 32 81.0 4.8 77.6 8.2 .928 91 92 oa 13 81.4 5.5 78.1 8.8 943 | 10.04 3.21 76 14 81.1 4.3 78.1 9.3 .943 08 | 2.60 .80 15 80.1 3.2 77.9 5.4 .937 .06 1.87 84 16 80.6 3.5 78.1 6.0 943 10 2.10 .83 17 79.9 2.0 78.5 3.4, 265 | ..29 1.15 90 18 78.3 ba 77.4 22 922 | 9.97 0.72 .93 19 80/41] 2.1 78.9 3.6 967 | 10.39 1.25 .89 20 81.7 3.2 79.5 5.4 .986 55 94 85 ZA 81.7 5.0 78.7 8.0 61. <| tae 2.94, 78 22 81.8 4.2 78.9 7A .967 32 59 80 23 81.5 3.6 79.0 6.1 O70) wanes Shae .83 24 80.508 18 79.2 3.1 .976 50 | 1.08 91 25 80.6 3.3 78.3 5.6 19 16 97 84 26 81.1 Pewee 48 B78, 0h hae = ae 86 PL CGSAT WC TE Geo} 4.4 899 | 9.69 | 45 87 28 | 79.7 490. Wk FO 6.6 | “OM te 238 81 29 | 79.2 29 | 72 4.9 | 06h 1 2085.) aes 86 30 7) S01 Sa ey 6.8 | 931 98 | 2.02 83 | | | | Ajl the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations xliy Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta . : . im the month of June 1874, Hourly Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. tea 43 5.8 Range of the Barometer a : 7h 2B. for each hour durin S BS taige of hs Cempera- aes & AQ & ture for each hour HOS the month. © during tl 38 ia ng the month. ahaa oF HO | Hour. 3 Ho Qe |S ios? jaa) ek . = Ps ' fe | Max. Min. | Diff. as Max. | Min. | Diff, 512 Se | | aes) | | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. 0 0 ° 0 Mid- night.| 29.610 | 29.836 | 29.3855 | 0.481 81.4 84.5 78.5 6.0 1 .098 834 .300 A84, 81.2 84.5 78.0 | 6.5 2 587 831 339 | .492 80.9 84.0 "76. @S 3 577 397 333 | 494, 80.6 83.5 772° | 63 4 71 .829 wool .508 80.4, 83.0 77.0 | 6.0 5 583 | 841) .3299| ‘512 | so2 | ses | 770 | 58 6 589 842 sag | | .606 80.4, 82.5 ay Pe Sel v4 .616 849 3507 492 81.4, 84.8 78.0 | 6.8 8 .630 861 304 .507 83.3 86.5 79:0 7.5 9 637 874, .355 019 SdaL 89.0 79.5 9.5 10 .633 .875 349 526 87.1 92.0 80.0 12.0 1l .626 .865 045 .020 87.3 93.7 80.2 13.5 Noon. 611 841 1329 | .512 87.4, 95.5 80.0 15.5 1 588 22 | ...809 | .513 87.9 96.7 79.0 17.7 a 570 809 300 | .509 87.8 97.0 79.7 17.3 3 550 820 295 525 86.6 94.7 80.0 14.7 4, 535 764 287 477 86.0 95.0 79.4, 15.6 5 532 .766 287 | .479 85.7 94.4 79.5 14.9 6 542 76 305 | .471 85.0 92.0 79.5 12.5 v4 562 795 331 464, 83.7 90.0 79.0 | 11.0 8 587 813 349 | .464, 83.1 88.0 79.0 9.0 9 .606 .830 265 465 82.5 86.0 7990 | 7D 10 621 .848 .378 470 82.0 85.5 79.0 | 6.5 11 621 847 300.) (A457 81.6 85.0 78.0 7.0 | / The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. xlv Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken al the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutla, en the month of June 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). ' 4 . =i Se fu — ¢ a z Biiiod eee PS | aes eg -Q rb) o e) Cy 45 ‘ooo He Se ae EJ £) 21.8 128.) 2 Peon Fei 8 | 2 |g, | af | BS | ees [sss faa DS at oS oO 5 o]A, re ag = a a Ay Qa ms ae |& ba o 3 Ps = a4 o So 4 eS eae o 4 2 = a 5 a So Se Oo Oo O Inches) Tee. (| Tiger. Mid- night.| 79.5 BS 78.2 3.2 0.946 10.19 1.08 0.90 1 79.3 129 78.0 3.0 .940 13 08 .90 2 79.2 rE 78.0 2.9 .940 13 0.97 91 3 79.0 1.6 EE hey 2.9 937 10 -O1 92 4, 78.9 1.5 G13 2.6 934 07 87 .92 5 78.9 1.3 78.0 2.2 .940 15 13 .93 6. 79.1 1.3 78.2 2.2 .946 21 13 93 7 79.0 1.8 78.3 3.1 .949 22 1.05 91 8 80.4 2.0 78.4 4.9 952 21 72 .86 9 80.8 4.3 77.8 7.3 934 9.99 2.58 .80 10 81.2 5.9 Wal 9.4 931 .92 3.41 74 il 80.8 6.5 76.9 10.4 .908 .66 75 12 Noon.| 80.8 6.6 76.8 10.6 905 61 84, Vis 1 81.2 6.7 77.2 10.7 .916 43 ft 71 2 80.9 6.9 76.8 11.0 905 61 .99 71 3 80.7 5.9 77.2 9.4, .916 sid. 37 44 4, 80.6 5.4) 76.8 9.2 .905 65 26°) Gate 5 80.6 5.1 77.0 8.7 .910 WE 09 16 6 80.3 4.7 77.0 8.0 .910 13 2.80 78 7 79.9 3.8 17.2 6.5 .916 81 .26 81 8 79.8 3.3 77.5 5.6 .925 BP 4 1.94 84 9 79.8 2.7 77.9 4.6 937 10.06 58 .86 10 go.7 2.3 78.1 3.9 943 14 .33 .88 ad 79.6 2.0 78.2 3.4 946 19 15 .90 Abi the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Abstract of the Results of the Hour ly Meteorological OL taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, Meteorological Observations. a the month of June xlyi servalions 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. oh _— a aa aa aaa General aspect of the Sky. \1to7 a. M., “ito 4p. Me i to 7 P.M. Bto9 p. M. Be ktage: Nr tot aL Me Bio 6 a M., to2 p.m. Oto6pe. m. Atte p.M. Brisk wind between 2&2 p. M. T from 1+ to 8 p. y. Sheet L on N at 8 & 9p, mM. Light R lat 3 Pp. M. S to 44.m., clouds of different kinds to 2 p.m. Oto9rp. mu. S to 11 v.'m. High wind from 2} ito 3 Pp. M. T between 2 & 3 P. M. L at midnight & 3 p. mu. R be- tween 3 & 4 Pp. M. S to24.m.O0to6a. m., \ni to 10 a. M.Oto3 ep. wu. 8 to 7 Pp. M, \itoll p.m. T from 10 to 19 a. M. Light R after inter- vals from 1] a. m. to3 Pp. Mm. \1 to 4.4. M., \Wi to 12 Ae oc OE SAD be I ed ng il p. M. Tat lili a. M. & 23 p. M. Light R between 11 & 12 a, Me Btod 4. M.,\ito7 a. M., ni tol0 a.mM.Oto8p.m. Btoll p. M. Sheet Lat llivp. ma. T& R from 103 a. mM. to 2 p. Mm. \i to 1 a. M. O to 4a. M., Ai to 12 a. uw. S to 1l p. m. Sheet L at midnight Light R at 14 & 53 A. M. \i & 1 to 2 4. uw. O to 9 a. a. \ni to 11 a.m. Stolp. m., \i to 7 rp. M. B to 11 p. m. Sheet L at 73 p.m. Light Rat3 &434a.m. Be | oor | Winp. © oi ome 5 - | Bs ibs A | iM oS) eae See fas ¢| Prevailing M4 lod a a) se sic direction. wo 4 “S| a a. | aS o Inches | ib | Mile. 1) 148.0 ae SSE&S “ast 750 2) 148.8; 0.02 Ss 1.6 | 190.8 3) 148.6) 0.27 Sby E& & E } 6.0) 100.7 4, 0.02; SE&SSE 78.0 | 5| 143.6; 0.08} SSE&SS W 57.4 61410] 1.17] Sby E&SSE/1.0/ 105.1 7| 138.0| 0.06| SSW,SE&Sby El... | 110.9 8) 137.0; 0.08|SE,Sby E&SSW 198.9 9144.0) 0.12| Sby W& SW [2.9| 154.6 \iCirri,—i Strati, Clouds of various kinds. Sheet L on S between 1 & 24. m., & 10&11lrp.m.Rat7 vp. m. i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle, xl vil Meteorological Observations, Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of June 1874. Max. Solar radiation. Date. 0 i SM) ~~ j=) 1]| 143.4 12) 145.3 13) 143.6 14| 145.2 15) 136.2 16) 141.0 17 18) 124.5 19 eee ge ain Gua 13 ft. above Inches | Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. ES EE OSS Ss IN IBY MRSS EA Ta A ARN DT RR PLD TEE RE RD a YO EE IS D> v Prevailing direction. Ground. Max. Pressure General aspect of the Sky. > =” /Velocity. S 4) mo — STH Ou 1.47 | $8, SSE & S byE SbyE, S& WS W 0.05 WbyS&SSW) ... S by W 129.2 0.58| Sby W& SE |2.8/ 140.1 0.03; SE&EbyS | 2.0 173.6 0.14) E&EbyN |1.6 223.8 0.61 |Eby N,ESE& SE) 4.4 | 296.2 we | 264.3 0.3 | 148.3 Erg hg ct o- . (> or ire Be OD ~& at .M. 4p.mM.Sto7 P.M. llp.m.Sheet Lat8 &9 p.m. Sto7a.m., \1& “ito 4P. mM. S to 6p. mM., \i to 9 Pp. mM. B to ll p.m. Tat 6 a.m. Sheet L on W from 73 to 10 p.m. Light R between 1 & 2 a. mM. B to 44. mM. \i& nitod5 P.M. \ito ll p.m. Sheet Lon W § W at 9p. M. B4Aa.M., \rto 74.40, cee le.m.Oto4p.M.,\1to7 P.M. B to 11 p.m. Sheet Lat Mid- night. T between 1&2 Pr. mu. R between 135 & 23 Pp. M. B to 4 a. m., \i & 71 to 12 A. M., c1 to 3 P. mu. © to.8 BLM: \i to 11 p. mu. Sheet L on W at ll p.m. Light Rat 1,43 &6 Pp. mu. B to 5a. m., ~ito6Pp. Mm. O to 11 Pp. m. Sheet Lon S at 1l Pp. M. Slight R between 10 & 11 A. M. & at 7: P. M. S ‘to 2s. O to? Bee to 104.m.Oto6p.m.S toll p. M. Sheet Lon N W at 9 p.m. R after intervals. [tervals. Chiefly O. Slight R after in- Sto4a.m., “ito10a.m.O to4p.m.Sto7 p.m., Wito 11 p. M. Sheet Lat la. mu. 8 & 10 p. M. Light R at 13 105 &124.m. rg mS \i Cirri,—i Strati, ©i Cumuli, \-i Cirro-strati, ~i1 Cumulo-strati, \w_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. xlvilj Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of June 1874. ‘Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., Ba ope WIND. Se tes = or tee f a8 ee S| Prevailing | ¥ all Be General aspect of the Sky. 3S Ss [a direction. aa > eel lag else | o — \Inches! fb Miles. s 20 136.0 .., SSE&S “1618 | Bto3a.s.,Cloudsof different | kinds to 9 a. wm. S to 2 p. m.,\1 & \i to 7 p. m. B toll p. m. | Sheet L on S W at midnight. 21 147.0 | SbyE&S . | 170.6} Bto2a.m., \i & \i to 10 | A. M., “ito 8 p. M. B toll p.m. 22 148.0 Sby E&S 155.9} \ito9a.M., 71 to2 p.m. O | to 4p. M., \i to ]1 P. mM. Sheet L on W at midnight. 23| 146.2; 0.18|/S,SSE&SS W le0: 77. B to F ave to 1 2 : “ito7 vp. Mm.Otollep.m. T&L at 8p. Mm. Slight R between 11 & 1l2a.m.&8&9P. m. 24 133.0, 0.21 |S by E & variable 104.6; O to 7 vp. Mm. 8 to ll P.M. Shght R between Midnight & 1 a. M. & from 2 to 7 P. M. 25 139.2) 0.09 SbyW&SSWK&S 126.9} O to 8a.m., ni_to 5p. M. Sto ll p.m. Slight Rat 4} a.s. 26) 149.2 Sby W,S&S W| .... | 128.4) O to9 a.m, “ito2r.m.8 to ll. p. m. D at 24, 4,83,9& ; Eb pc ie 27; 111.7| 0.08|S,SW&SS W| 2.0/ 1656) Oto 4p. uw. itoll P.M. Light Rat 7,9 & lla. M. 2, 34 & 4 P. M. 28/147.0; 0.03; SSW&S 0.3/177.7| Otolda.m., “ito3 Pp. mu.O | to 11 vp. M. Light R at 95 A. M. 5, 64 and 9 p. M. 29'144.7| 1.28! SS E & variable 121.3! O to8a.m™. \Wito3 p.m. O to 7 p.m. \i to 11 vp. m. T between midnight & 1 a.m. & 4 & 5 p.M. L between midnight & 1 a. m. and at 9 p. m. R after intervals. 30 143.5 S by E 127.0} Wi and\itol0a.m, “1 & S to 11 p.m. T between 2 and 4 p.m. Dat 8a. m. 23 and 33 p.m. \i Cirri —i Strati, “i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, A-i Cumulo-strati “i Nimbis \.i Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, R. rain, D drizzle. T thunder, L lightning xlx Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of June 1874. Monraty ReEsvutts. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ... ww. 29.591 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. M. on the 3rd vos BOOT Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 & 5 Pp. Mm. on the 26th ... 29.287 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month 0.588 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures tae oe a .. 29.649 Ditto ditto Min. ditto is 1. 29.524 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month as ons OE ty) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month sb ar ive, Boe Max. 'lemperature occurred at 2 ». Mm. on the Ist os, ee Min. Temperature occurred at 4 & 5 a. M. on the 8th & 10th 2 es Extreme vange of the Temperature during the month es as ad Mean of the daily Max. Temperature ... aa aia eee Ditto ditto Min. ditto, Gi eases eae Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., re | k.” Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ag Oe Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 3.7 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month $0. ee Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean n Dew- point 6.3 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month 7 ea do. MOS022 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month 9) RBS Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation «on eee Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.82 Co) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ... we | OD Inches. Rained 24 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours sxe ves eae Total amount of rain during the month ve) G89 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month pit pmear SA 0) Prevailing direction of the Wind * ‘S., S. $k. & S. by E. * Height 70 fect 10 inches above ground, Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of June 1874. Montuty ReEsvtts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. Meteorological Observations, a ee "uO WB AM Aq*N “UO UlVIL ] "MN ON "uO ULBy 1 yaad. Sd 8 ‘uo UlVy “MN AM “UO ULB * N4q'M “uO UIeY fa “uo Ulvy 1 ee ee “S Aq‘ “UO ULV <3 i rei cir ci A'S MN “UO ULBY A'S = _ 4 UO WIRY MS “S” —-ANAMMADAHEO a ‘dO UBIY LD WO tO 20 SH SOD OD NI LO OD a. Ft uO ULV 5 QOAMAAMMOAOOCMON 3} 2| 6) 1) 4) 1) 5 ao ‘uO WIRY ays. i) ‘ rei RRRRCOOWMAARAS 5) “a Aq ri ci Pam OD | 6,1, 6 'S "UO ULE DID 1D DDH OH 1010 os oh IAW royiets Se. eS Ce 411 "uo WIRY OmMMANRARAAe 4, 1) 2) 1] 2 eee 8 a) ‘uO UV] — ee en Bene "uo Uleyy es aa "uo UIL] AnNA aA “ "HO UV ci AAA *N Aq “OL "uO ULE "UO ULE st. ‘aN "MO ULB "UO ULL og Aq "NC “go uly | - aS Mid night AHAMDMAOOKrDS AAMDMDAWOOKDS or ere - a | < a j WE oul be ¢ e7 ete 5 vie ee hale 3. een wee fe ee a : 7 « . Pa ‘ ‘ a ate: ‘ aa Nh ? ] ¥ Voi M4 at - .y en" q oe, ’ t LP “ 7 é ’ wa ; t? 7 Fe | ‘ i . ’ et | See ~ * ' i . . 4 - % : ere, Pole GisRoeas oe ‘ * ye ne eed ee oe ae SUS pe OGTR vad 7 tec Aas oe 5 Ps F Sets St oan oS ey oh , & a. a! ee: oe (dak £ oan ae ~~ ‘ ; - r 4 -_ 4 : vg : ei ; fe 4 . .e “ee : eo - “ 4 + : : | ; . A y ‘. 4 ‘ ~ ‘ Pe t wen" gg ‘ | . a ~ : t Aj . . : a t ' rn ’ ~ - é a oe f _ - , = | A MINI en NA i as a SIP an Meteorological Observations, li Abstract of the Results of the Hourly ‘Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of July 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Bast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. Cy o.8 =r 22 . | Range of the Barometer | @ # Range of the Tempera- ee 1 the ds 3 Oe hana weed Bp oe during the day. 3 ture during the day. oO HS aa eee Date. So Ag | aia ., as a o*; Max. Min. Diff. ae Max. Min. Diff. si a) SH MII i f° if... (fe Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. oO re) Oo oO 1 | 29.685 | 29.733 | 29.621 | 0.112] 983.8 90.0 80.0 | 10.0 2 677 | .732| 601] 131] 849 |. 920 | 800) 120 3 657 712| 574, .138] 83.6 | 88.4 30.0! 84 4 601| .658| .528| .130| 842 | 91.0 79.6 | 11.4 5 586 622 541 081 | 84.1 87.8 81.0] 68 6 563 .600 501 099 | 84.1 87.5 812) 63 7 588 641 AL 100 | 85.7 92.3 80.5 | 11.8 8 ee ere.) = BGPP 112 | «85.38 | 91S 80.5 | 11.0 9. 596 | .643| .544| .099| 85.2 | 93.4 80.2 | 13.2 i0 Ga cay) 1.514) =.116.| 84.2.) 90.3 810! 93 hi 597 645 534 All 83.8 90.0 81.0 9.0 12 644 | 718 pag) .120| $83.1. | , 97.3 79.91 7.4 13 eee es,| 9.624) .115| 83.5 4 89.0 "951 96 14, .645 .684, _.593 .091 84.2 89.3 80.0 9.3 15 637 ‘eet. 673) .111| 84.1 |: 88.8 81.61 72 16 .665 mae | 686} .142| 83.3 | 87.4 79.7 | 77 17 681 .728 611 Pe! ~ BEALE S 92:0 79.5 | 19.5 18 681 792| .613| .109| 87.0 | 93.8 81.0) 12.8 19 net |.737 nee) 158) 87.2)! 92:8 81.8 | 11.0 20 631 92). 1.547) 145 «86.7 | 942 82.0,| 12.2 21 582 641 484| .157| 86.7 | 94.0 82.5 | 11.5 22 537 583 468] .115| 85.8 | 91.2 82.2) 9.0 23 508 551 441 110] 83.6 | 88.6 80.8 | 7.8 24 489 see| 1.499) 133 | 82.6 | 8F.5 79.8) 7.7 25 Al 5O0-) 612| 087). 81.2) 87.4 79.5| 7.9 26 pea} 616! 510|* .106|- 82.0 | 87.5 "9.4 | 8.1 27 533 gam) 1.452'|, 147 | . 82.6-| 88.0 79.4| 86 28 405 Mga.| -339| .140°| 80.5 | 83.2 79.2| 4.0 29 419 537 351 186 | 82.2 | - 86.5 79.0| 7.5 30 519 BTS 452} .123| 83.4 | 87.6 79.6| 8.0 31 481 526 435 | .091| .807 | 84.5 78.2| 6.3 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. In Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of July 1874. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.) mH Mele Hed CeAMe Rone key tecct cia oe 2 a=| “a Q o =the 2 yi |s oe H E o 2 SS a os Doe 2 © poy o 5 he an o & r > = a a= ss OSE ke ad a a | Bole VS | ae eee Date. ae a A os S aes ie Fs = 2 q's ees 2 Pe aa 3 5 OS | SHH | a9 et te = |) 24.|88.) Se \ een ee a 5 FQ 5, aa = rs S. hee

ie oS “1: .&/ & = |General as ect of the SI S| wis laws Prevailing el oes al aspect ot the Sky, $2) pre resey : ; Ss 3| & S Bia direction. Si a A i2) = = 2aGey = ie v su Ss S W 1.2 | 240.3| S to2a.mM.\ito 8a. u.7i & \i to 6 p-m. S to 11 Pp. m.Sheet '‘L on N W between 7 & 8p. M. §) 144.2) ... SSW &S8 ....| 203.3| “S$ to9a. m., “1& \ito8 p.m. B to 11 p. m. Sheet LonS W at 8&9p.m.Dat47P.M 150.0), ... S&SbyE |... )1314| Bto4da.m., \ito7a.mM., I to 2 Pp. M.Sto6P.M., \i1to 9 p. Mm. B to ll p.m. T at 13, 2¢ & 4 Pp. M. 10| 142.0| 0.31| Sby E& S | 2.81,155.0| Bto3a.m., \ito9a. a. O to 124.M.,ito2 Pp. M. Sto8p. M. Btollev.m. Tatl0a. mw. &2 p. m. Sheet Lon N W from 7% | tol0 p.m. Rat 93 aM. & 3P.M. /i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, i Cumulo-strati, “1 Seats \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R, rain, D drizzle, lvi Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutla, an the month of July 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. ag Spe WIND. Fey es eS re | eee ee er | RB &'3 3 2 a ia General aspect of the Sk . S AS 2 . 2| wig | se & Prevailing We) bs al asp ky ES irecti Sal os Oo ra SA Sjad| . direction. Ss 3\ a 8 a = = o )\lnehes Ib \Miles. 11) 141.8] 0.386|;Sby E& SSE /| 2.8/ 160.8} Bto3a.mu., Wi to 64. M.Ni & micto 2-2, MNS, eae p.m. Btoll p.m. Rat 124.m. 2 & 22 Pv. M. 12) 142:0 0061" S SESS E 11.9)-170.9 |) B to 44. mS 03 Pou & mi to 8 p. M. B toll p.m. Sheet L on N W at8 p.m. Light Rat114, 125 4.M., 15 &43 p.m. 170.6.|' B-to.3 a. M...CKte® Pee to8 p.m. Btoll p.m. LightR at 67,9 & 10a. M. 14) 129.5} ... |S,SSW&Sby W| 0.4) 189.0} B to 2a.m.,\Wi to 8a. Mw. oi tolp.m. S to9p.m.Btoll p.m. 15, 118.8; 0.03; SbyW&S |... | 165.2) N\i&Wito8a.m., \Wi to 84. mM. Otolp.m.Sto4p.m.O to 11 p. M. Sheet L on S at ll Pp. m. Light Rat 102,12 a. m.&62p.m. 16) 142.7! 0.48'1S by E& 8S by Wj 0.8/ 140.2] Oto6a.m., “ito2P. mS to 1l p. um. Tat 82 p. m. Sheet L from 7 to 10 p.m. R between Midnight & 1,9 & 10 a.m. atl & between 7 & 8 Pp. M. 17, 145.0; ... |Sby W,S&SSW]... | 89.0) \i&WUito7 a.m., ni to 8 P.M. \-ito ll p.m. Tat 4¢ &5 p.m. Sheet L at 73,10 & lle. mu. D oS 13, 138.8| 0.02 ,S E, S & S by WO. at 53 P. M. 16'145:0" SSW&SE 3 47.6 S$ todam.\ & Gate thea 19} 142.0} ... |SbyE,SbyW&SE ... | 89.7/ Nitolla.m., “ito9P:m.B to 11 Pp. M. Sheet L at Midnight & at 1 a. M. 20} 143.2]... S by E vee | 80.40) SB tO SA. CML, ON ee oe A.M. 71 &.\1 to 7 P-M. Bto tl p. M. D at 123 a. M. 21\ 147.0} 0.92 SbyE,SSE&ESEH/)1.0| 80.7| Bto64.m., “ito7P. mM. Wi to 9 Pp. M., \i to 11 p.m. T at 52 p. M. R from 5 to 63 P. M. 22) 144.2): *.. HSEHSSE |... | 89.1) Nato la. 'S to 6 Aim Xifto 10 4.mM.,nitol p.M.\1 toll p.m. \i Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~i Cumulo-strati, \._1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcasty T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. lvii Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the mouth of July 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., . oo . Bea |e. WIND. eo |5.89 = . a 3 ~ oq . q » € =) $| a5 lea 2 Prevailing 4 ies General aspect of the Sky. = 3B 4 = : { mM 3 oO Aisa Be direction. soi 3 j At - oe o Inches’ tb |Miles. te 93/ 134.0; 0.12;/SE,ENE& E| 2. =) — CO jw — B to 44. 4. Ni to7 A. , 1 to3Pr.m., \itoll p.m. Tatli | & 3 p.m. Light Rat 1, 2, 33, 7 & 9 P.M. 24, 137.5 | 0.27 E&SE 1.2 | 240.1| Chiefly O. T & Lat1l} p.m. | Slight R at 3, 6%, 74, 94. m. 14, 4 2 & 75 P. M. 25, 1928.4'° 1.02} ESE&SE |1.0;| 180.3] Oto 3a.m.,\.i to 7A. M., Ai to 10 a.m. Oto 11 p.m. T from 11 a.M.tol4 p.m. after intervals. 26 127.0' 0.19 ESE, E&Eby §/ 1.2) 137.7) O tod a. m., “i tol2a. mM. S to ll pvp. mw. T at 123 a. Mm. | Sheet L on N at 8p. uy. Slightly | : foggy at 10 p. M. Slight R at 1, Bs 3,44. M. & from 1 to 5; P. M. 27, 139.5 0.61 |EbyS, EX&EbyN/1.0| 986] Sto3a.m., \ni 12.4. Mm. O to ll vp. m. T from 123 a. m., to 14 p. Mm. Lat 12i4.m. R from 11 a. M. tol P. M. Ce 0.45 |Eby N,NE&ESH) 3.6 '969.3| \Nito2a.m. 8 to 6a.m. O to 11 p. M. Brisk wind from 7 A. M. to 4 Pe. m. Slight R from 7 a. M. to 103 P. M. 29 121.5! 0.27| SE,S by E&S | 3.0 | 382.4] O to 11 a. m., clouds of dif- 7 ferent kinds to 11 P. M. Brisk wind from 8} A.M. to 35 P. M. Slight R from 1 to 9 a. mM. & at | ll P. M. S00117.5.| 0.03 S&Sby E ., | 219.3} Bto2a.m., ito 6a. m. S to 4p. m. O to 8 p. m., \i toll [W p.m. Light R at 3 & 6 p.m. | 31| 124.3} 3.37 |SbyE,S W&S by| 0.5 127.7| \Wito9 a.m. O to8p. m., I to ll p.m. Tat 12 a. m. & 23 p.m. Slightly foggy at 10 & 11 p. m. R from 113 a, m. todp.m. | cei Et Efe es ee re ak \i Cirri —i Strati,~i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ™1 Cumulo-strati Wi Nimbi, \ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R rain, D drizzle. lviii Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of July 1874. Monruiuy ReEsvu rts. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month A ». 29.589 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. M. on the 13th oes SOOO Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 p. M. on the 28th saa Oe extreme range of the Barometer during the month * «. 0.400 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures oe ~ 5 we» 29.645 Ditto ditto Min. ditto a 3 20 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month sive saa? 0,120 ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month "A i . | 84:0 Max. Temperature occurred at 4 ». M. on the 20th Res ws =o Min. Temperature occurred at 3 P. M. on the 31st Ses! dee Extreme vange of the Temperature during the month an soet Oe Mean of the daily Max. Temperature .. aie as oo SGgeo Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, se s00) Rae Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month ... dk 9.2 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month sas BOS Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 3.5 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month iis WO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean n Dew- -point 6.0 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ets ees we 0,040 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month Fa AF Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation os ee Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.83 ) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ... nh Lewes Inches. Rained 24 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours on sis, ee Total amount of rain during the month ie iy oaee Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month oni te Seow Prevailing direction of the Wind an < by E. & S. * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. cal Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of July 1874. D “ Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorolog MontTHiy RESULTS. icular wind blew, together with the given hour any part o the number of days on which at a ing Tables shew ¢, it rained. when any particular wind was blowin number of days on which at the same hour. Metecrological Observations. ‘UO WIRIL MW Aq N : “UO UWIRIL = eee fe ee ee ee ee ee ee ANN ‘UO ULB 7 ia "M 'N ' 4 "U0 UBT . : e Pee ae eee “UO ULRYL ee "N Aq" AA : a “UO URAL Ft “7 . % rei ¥ ee 5 MV i i 2 "UO ULBIT “Ss Aq “a | - Sie "UO ULBYY ; Le Biter ac 7 taal —« VSS a Gt ae Sp eae ri eee eo "UO ULBY Sah ath ee ee eer aA Oates ae) MAAN MS : aft : = . os “ee oe ct ar oC we reer. 5 ee Me Daan moMooadt FH Os x M‘S°S ; = = nN care "UO UBIIT] _ - rs ; ee B. EE cs SAAD AAO © ANA M q 5 = == == = — —————— = oo ae in| — = “UO ULBIT 3 ae! a a7 ee TAS) 1O ) 2 Shatin mie hee ee 2 ap She > ers eo ee 2. oie ta) 4 = & A = a oy) 9) Inches. | T. gr. TEL 4.8 0.913 9.82 yes 4.3 931 10.02 79.0 3.7 .970 42 78.3 1.5 .949 24 18.4 a 952 23 79.2 3.4 .976 50 78.5 5.1 955 25 78.5 6.6 £955 Zk 79.3 5.1 979 48 78.4 3.4 .952 25 77.9 5.1 .937 06 78.5 5.1 .955 25 78.3 4.4, 949 .20 78.1 4.8 943 12 78.2 3.9 946 hy 77.9 3.7 937 .08 78.4, 4.8 952 21 78.4 6.0 952 19 78.6 6.0 .958 .26 79.2 4.6 976 45 Sh Salk 4.3 973 45 721 1.9 973 AQ 77.6 3.6 .928 9.99 Ley 6.1 | .931 98 78.4 5.4, 952 10.21 ca 3.6 .970 42 76.5 4.1 896 9.67 17.3 4.1 GIO 90 77.4 6.3 922 89 77.6 7.5 928 91 77.5 8.2 925 .88 Additional Weight of | Vapour required for } complete saturation. T. gr. 1.62 45 30 0.51 1.28 18 18 2.36 1.83 15 76 18 52 67 4 .26 .68 2.12 13 1.65 51 0.65 1.22 2.12 1.89 .26 4 87 2.18 66 92 Mean degree of Humi- dity. complete satu- } ration being unity. 0.86 87 89 .95 Oo 90 85 81 85 .90 85 85 87 .86 88 89 86 83 83 86 87 94 89 83 84 89 88 88 82 9 17 All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations Ixii Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the H ygrometric dependent thereon. taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, om the month of August 1874. al elements Thermometer i) ANIOBHRHODOAQNW. Range of the Tempera: ture for each hour during the month. Max. © 6 00 CO OONTS STN TTT TT To WWW WDOOOBOOOO Cr or o1r Or OO ONE Cr CO ee Se eee Min. Diff. CHOBRwWwW RRO AIOOANIDOwaonod — Poh fered reed femeed fomed feed OR OS NTO BO 29 WY NO CONWEH OOO F Oe ‘68 Range of the Barometer |S 2 3 te for each hour during a "eh O the month. o 5 Ps Hour. Fs a Q So Mazes) Mine) Dig | 8 Ag = ee ee ele Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Mid- night.| 29.608 | 29.776 | 29.452 | 0.324 1 .596 .768 .428 340 2 584 753 ‘Adah 340 3 513 a2 402 .360 4 .567 tal 389 .362 5 .576 oa 405 | .348 6 .688 767 .426 oAl 7 604, 91 .450 341 8 621 .808 45h Bay 4 9 .629 .806 .460 346 10 .628 .818 454 304 11 .622 .812 446 .366 Noon. .603 .790 A417 Be: 86 1 585 174 .396 378 86 2 560 746 wore 374 86 3 544, 729 .365 364 86 4 532 .716 847 | .269 85 5 £630 108 61 347 85 6 541 eM) 8!) soe 84, 7 564 iy 405 322 83. 8 .586 751 423 .328 82 9 607 779 442 aah 82. 10 620 786 448 .0a8 81. 11 622 187 457 .330 81. The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. Ixiti Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of August 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). | : =f Abe 3 2 4 E ‘3 Sn” | ee ae = Pole. pa | Seo ee ee AY = I wes FAS se 2 o ® o) Gy 45 sua Ger ses elles, 4» 2 CE Ee he ee ee , = a | os ee abes 2’ | 2. |'He | ES) eee ge ie | pe | Sess eee ee o yy . vo; cB) eS) O-r .s SA 4 as Am Se =e a ata = ) oy) ) ) Tiichies. | “T. igr. "| AP. gr. Mid- night.| 79.6 1.4 78.6 2.4 | 0.958 10.34 | 0.80 0.93 1 G9 1.3 78.6 Zou |) 058 34 73 .93 2 io i 78.5 2.0 955 | ol .67 94, 3 79.0 1-2 78.2 2.0 .946 21 AoW 94 4 78.9 By 78.1 ed 943 18 63 94 5. 78.9 0.9 78.3 1.5 949 24, 51 95 6 78.9 0.9 78.3 1.5 .949 24 1 95 7 79.5 if 184 i3 961 37 64 94 8 80.1 1.8 78.8 3.1 964 .38 1.06 ul 9 80.5 2.8 78.5 4.8 955 25 .68 .86 10 81.0 3.9 78.3 6.6 949 14 2.35 81 11 81.2 4.5 78.0 ia .940 03 Yh 4 18 Noon.| 81.4 4.9 78.0 8.3 940 .03 8 17 1 81.4) 5.3 78.2 8.5 946 07 3.11 76 2 81.4 5.2 78.3 8.3 949 12 02 aes 3 81.2 4.8 77.8 8.2 934 9.97 2.94 ta 4, 81.1 4.8 17.7 8.2 931 94 93 ie. 5 80.8 4.2 17.9 ‘inl 937 10.02 51 .80 6 80.4 3.7 17.8 6.3 934 OL .20 .82 Zz 80.2 2.9 78.2 4.9 .946 15 Dg | .86 8 foe 2.5 78.1 4.3 943 14 A7 87 9 79.9 2.1 78.4 3.6 952 .23 24 89 10 790 Tae 78.6 3.1 .958 32 .05 91 11 79.8 1.7 78.6 2.9 958 32 0.99 91 ‘L the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. xiv Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of August 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. | 8; | Se. | . WInp. | ge ee at he gs (GS 2 Peavail }.5 S| 45 leek revailing (HG = 'S @}; Se \s oO) direction. Is 316 2 ALAR as Pals o \Inches | tb | Mile. 1) 139.0} SbyW,EbyN& FE} 1.5 | 121.6 2; 136.0; 0.17; EN E,E & S E| 6.0 | 256.0 3146.5) 052;/S E & S by E/ 1.0 250.0, ae 0.35 SSE 1.0; 109.6 | 51140.0| 43! SSE&S |0.5| 146.1) ( 144.0) 0.40 SSE aot 150.3 meta 91. 0.031 5 SE & S EB | ....| 162.0 8144.2} 0.32} S SE&S by Bj ... | 104.7 9' 140.0; 0.21} SbyE&SE |0.8) 90.8 10; 138.0} 0.71 |SE,SSSW&SSE) 0.8 ae General aspect of the Sky.

i tol p. uw. Sto7 P. M., \1 to 9 Pp. mM. Bto ll p.m. Bto2a.m.,\ito7 a. M., i to 12 a.m. Oto 3 P: My oil p.M. Bto 11 p.m. Slight R be- tween 105 & 125 a. M. iB to. 1 ace. Nite. Liver ae at 10? p. Mm. Light R at lli a.m. & ll p. m. Cloudsof different kindsSlight Rat 1, 16% lls M. 34, 4, 52 & 6 P.M. Clouds of different kinds. Slight R at 23, 105 a. m. 14, 33, 45 & 103 P. M. Clouds of various kinds.Silght R at 44, 83, a. m., & 22 P. M. B to 4a. M., Ni'to 7 42 Metni to 5 p. M., \i to 11 vp. mM. Sheet L on W between 10 & 11 P. m. D at 44 Pp. mM. B to 5 4.M., \i & M1 to2 P.M. Stollv.m. Tat 122 a. uw. Sheet L from midnight to 2 4. mM. & 9 tollp.m. Rat 7p. m. B tod 4... 6 > 10 Ase oe tod p.m. 8 to7 vp.m. O te P11 p.M. T between 1 & 2 p.m. Shect Lat midnight.8 & 11 p.m. R at 5, lg a. mu. & 1 P.M. S to2 a.m. Bto 4a.M., Wi to7 a. M., ~ito2 p.m. O to 6 P. M.,.\i- to 11 p, mw. from, 25 to 4 p.m. L between 3 & 4P. M. Ratla.m. & from 2 to 5 p.m. \i Cirri,—i Strati, i Cumuli, \-i Cirro-strati, ~ i Cumulo-strati, \W_1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle. Meteorological Observations. Ixvi < Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the month of August 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., Be ,,| soe. WInp. “ Ae |b a 5 She S S| 45 | aa © Prevailing ish =i S/ Ss fed direction. Sst a ss fa Ss % S ce i1rect1ion a (am c o Inches th |Miles. 22)... SbyE&SSE 61.8 * 3 138.0|} 2.96 SSW&S |0.7/ 143.0 24; 141.2 S&S SW 148.3 25/ 128.8) ... |S SSW &SbyW 141.4 26, 120.0| 0.27 |SbyW,SSE & 8 67.3 27) 122.0! 0.28) S&Sby E | 0.8) 176.4 28) 138.0 |. 0.08 S by E 0.5 | 161.8 = 29, 145.0; ... |S by E& Sby W 96.1 30) 147.5 S&Sby E 80.3 31) 145.6] ... |S,S by E&Sby W 87.2 General aspect of the Sky. O. T at 74 & 82 a.m. Sheet L at 1,3 & 4.a.m. R from 43 to 10 Ae Mah tee oe Os & 11 P.M. QO to9a.M., n1to 4P. M., “1 to ll p. m. R after intervals. XP tol &. WE. too 4. wt.S Nai fe 2 to Pe er) Oe Na to} P. M., \1& i to 11 p.m. Sheet L on 8 between 7 &8 p.m. D at 25 Pp. M. S to 64a.mM. Oto ll a. M. Ai to OP; Mi, NPto Pie. w. Lon S Eat 3 «4. mu. Clouds of different kinds. Slight R after intervals. Seuds to7 a.m. Otolprp.m., Aito5 p.m. Seuds to 7 p.m. \i to 11 p. mM. Shght R from 1? Ay My to. 1® Bm. S to 5a.mM.0O to9 a. M., Al to Ae, Mato 7 Pom. B to 11 p.m. Light R at midnight, 6, 7, 72, A.M. 4 & 43 P. M. Bto 5 a:M., “! to 6 Pp. M. \1 & \_ito ll P. mw. \ito 4a. u., Bto7M.a.ni to 6 P.M. \i to 11 P. m. Sheet L be- wteenlO &llv. mu. DatQa. mM. 1 to 74. M., Ato 6.2. M. \t to 11 p.m. T between 5 & 6 P.M. Sheet L on W at 7 v.m.D at oe PSM: Xi Cirri —i Strati,~i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ~-1 Cumulo-strati W_i Nimbi, \Wi Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, S siratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R rain, D drizzle. * Fell on the 22nd & 23rd. Ixvil Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of August 1874. Monruiy REsvutts. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ... vs. 29.587 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. M. on the 29th 11s nee.OLe Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. m. on the 2nd we 29.347 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month ate aoe Gage Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ee oe ie we 29.642 Ditto ditto Min. ditto as we 29.021 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ve oes Oban ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month Wa ay 3o) G2 Max. Temperature occurred at 3 ». m. on the 31st ee ee. eee Min. Temperature occurred at 2,3 & 4.4. M. on the 23rd 77.5 Extreme range of the ‘Temperature during the month ea 15.0 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... we ay 88.0 Ditto ditto Min. ditto, -P 79.5 8.5 Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month sean: OO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 2.7 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month sie 0, of Bl Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point fc 4.6 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ach 13 », 0.049 Troy grain. } Mean Weight of Vapour for the month 3 O18 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ioe Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.86 Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .,., sae goes Inches. Rained 28 days,-—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours ues cence dee Total amount of rain during the month a O88 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- 9.22 meter during the month son Prevailing direction of the Wind sarah as by EK, S.S.E.& 8. * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of August 1874. MontuHuy RESULTS. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. Metecrological Observations, Ixv "uo WIRY M Aq‘N- “uo UICAL “MN ON "UO UlLBY “M N “ao UILVAL “MN MA “Nw Aq*M “uO UlLVYT ieee WN BO UaeeE rea ole ee Ee Ce eee 5S PW se 6 ae EE er eee ee a - s ce ce ce MSM "uO ULL YT is ge ae) “uo ULB YT "MS 'S ‘MM 44'S eae ek , 'S "UO UlRY A a re Lom! re i ac = = ao aq amen DANA 1 MNQANDAN AAA AN ri re rei ri ANANIAAAT AN - ANMAANDMMMNA AQ aoa aA WANN MS qo a 2 OAc Le Loma AN na SOOCRADNWWO DO Co 10 DW DIY DAM 10 sea | — Anata ata es] “m 4q-g |SS_ 55 UO UIRYYT ae poke Se is “UO ULBIT aoh ie "UO UIByT THe Ser ‘uo uley | "UO ULI] oO 60 OD ra rd Stir st AN ™ RRODDDADAADE SHMOD OOO OOM = fo) fo) 7, ao rc ann A nN co AN AANA AND MAO MWAANMAMNMNANANAAN =) re ci g| 1) 3} 1) 9) 2) 9} 2 ae dann ey, =) "UO UIVY oN Aq “of “UO UY ‘aN “of = "UO UBT J SS ee ee "6 ONE “HO ULBY ‘ANN == Tuo WET == sa 4q°— | ——_—_—_ = mocomedices & or HOG His Or ODO A lidnight N ae Otero x, ‘aed whe Mpa p® ape ew > 2 Meteorological Observations. Ixix Abstract of the Lesults of the Hourty Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of September 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent theréon. Gy * 3 _ | Range of the Barometer z H Range of the Tempera- 23 ES during the day. ae ture during the day. on g q cea as Date.) So we ao | Max. | Min. | Diff | $5 | Max, | Min. | Dif. ods SI ~ 8 iH Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | ‘Inches. O25 6 ) Oo : 1 | 29.700 | 29.760 | 29.634 | 0.126 | 86.5 92.0 81.5 | 10.5 2 745 804 .663 141 85.9 91.5 81.5 | 10.0 | 3 138 193 654 eS | 867 91.6 $1.7 |; 9.9 4 133 785 657 128 |. 83.5 89.8 77.5 | 12.3 5 740 796 671 125 84.4) 91.2 81.89} 9.4 6 12d 783 654, -129|. 81.9 89.5 78.0 | 115 7 710 770 .636 134 | 81.5 87.0 79.0 | 8.0 8 697 750 639 AT 82.2 88.7 80.0 | 8.7 9 168 .836 701 135 79.0 80.4, 17.3 3.1 id 818 858 1719 O79 | 79.2 84.5 76.5 8.0 11 .816 .869 .760 Oo) 78:8 80.6 75.5 5.1 12 da 820 717 .108 80.5 82.5 77.5 5.0 13 734 187 675 da | 8i9 86.5 79.9 6.6 14 711 153 .643 1Or | 8805 87.6 80.3 7.3 15 731 786 .668 118 | 83.4 89.0 79.5 9.5 16 759 816 .696 AZO: | 83:0 87.0 80.5 6.5 17 126 186 640 141 83.7 90.5 79.65 \ 11.0 18 .656 418 .580 138 84.4) 90.0 80.0 | 10.0 19 .662 414 601 113 | 84.0 90.3 SLO: 9.3 20 .696 768 .635 133 84.8 91.7 SO.e:| 11.2 : 21 .642 01 557 144 85.4) 91.6 SL.0; | 106 22 647 124 569 155 | 86.8 93.7 81.5 | 12.2 23 604 657 517 140 | 84.9 one 81.5 | 10.3 24 595 .651 545 .106 81.3 85.5 79.0 6.5 25 632 .689 081 108 | 80.8 83.8 78.5 | 5.3 26 711 179 651 1285) 79.1 81.0 77.5 3.5 27 734 790 .679 ote 82.9 88.5 78.4 | 10.1 28 722 190 .653 137 83.2 87.5 80.0 7.5 29 .682 746 .610 .136 83.0 87.5 80.0 7.5 30 646 .696 .582 114 80.9 875 77:24 10.8 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. Ixx Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of September 1874. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued.) ‘ e | 3 ol = . Gy gy oe Teaas : eee ees e eH | S28 tee. = E Ss A 3 Su | Spe iees AY o By rhe oe eee = o b AS G4 42 og led es 2 5 z 5 o te = Sia | oe on Date. a s = A * 6 on a 3 5'5 Ses 2 = = Ss "6 2 BHR | hoa Ee e 8 Ba DRE A ee oe eee g —Q = co 5 o ‘Bag See =p: 5 5 aa Ss | i, Sates oF Re 5 PAY oP oe ae oO |oa = A o) A = a | = Oo Cy) ot Mi BG Tnches.(/=T ogee. 4 ler, | | 1 81.0 5.5 77) VSBlt 0981 9.92 3.18 0.76 2 | 80.6 5.3 76.9 9.0 .908 68 19 75 3 BO ® |: 4:7 ry | 8.0 | .931 94 | 2.86 | .78 4 79.9 3.6 77.4 Gris a Re 89 Te ae 5 81.0 3.4 78.6 5.8 | 958 | 10.26; 05 83 6 OY ts Re Sal ey de ra ae es 05 1.39.) 36 Pee Phd Se Beh TP Biee haat .934 05 .26 .89 8 ae ee ee Soe en ee ood 949 20 B34 .88 Oi. Pye PBA 76.4). 803° |. 9.66.) “Osie oeees 10 77.9 1 Boe! a Ao eas, CSO S85):.1. > Vie ae ee De Pye aS) Gea as) 86a eee aca 93 Tame eS LAr Gs DAS) Ose! TOTS .80 .93 13 80.2 Ey Oe 2.9 .970 Ad 1.00 91 $4": 08120 > ie ita a oo 4.3 .976 .48 oa .87 15 80.5 2.9 78.5 4.9 955 25 71 .86 16 80.7 2.3 79.1 3.9 973 45 37 98 17 80.2 cj aoe Camere med 6.0 931 9.98 2.09 .83 18 80.6 3.8 77.9 6.5 037) G02 29 81 19 81.0 3.0 78.9 5.1 967 30 1.80 85 20 81.0 3.8 78.3 6.5 949 14 2.32 81 2] 81.1 4.3 78.1 7.3 943 .08 .60 .80 22 81.6 5.2 78.5 8.3 955 18 3.03 7 23 81.3 3.6 78.8 6.1 964 31 2.18 .83 24, 79.5 1.8 78.2 3.1 946 19 1.05 91 25 79.4 1.4 78.4 2.4, 952 hee) 0.80 ,-93 26 78.2 0.9 77.6 1.5 928 . 03 .50 95 27 80.2 27 78.3 4.6 949 18 1.61 .86 28 80.4 2.8 CAT 78 4 4.8 952 Pr 68 .86 29 80.1 2.9 78.1 4.9 943 le 70 .86 30 | 78.6 23 71 egro 3.9 910 9.81 .29 .88 | | | { { | | | | { | i All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants, = Meteorological Observations Ixxi Abstract of the Results of the Lourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, au the month of September 1874. ‘Hourly Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. ‘33 Range of the Barometer ir Range of the Tempera- ees for each haur during a 3 ture for each hour "eh © a the month. @ during the month. eee as Hour.) EO. ~ a 28% | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 28 | Max. | Min. | Dit. aa ai | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. OF). @ ry) Oo Mid- night.| 29.724 { 29.841 | 29.608 | 0.233 81.3 So.F =| 4.79.0 yi 1 Ld | 834 | 591 | .243 81.0 84.7 78.0 6.7 2 103: | 810 | 580 | .230 80.8 84.4 78.7 6.7 3 695 | 799 560 | .235 80.6 | 84.0 77.5 6.5 4 .691 188 562 .226 80.3 _| 83.7 77.0 6.7 5 700 799 | 673 | .226 80.1 83.3 76.6 6.7 6 713 813 580 | .233 |. 79.9 83.0 76.5 6.5 7 729 867 599 | .268 80.8 83.3 76.2 ra! 8 748 861 624 | .237 82.2 85.4 755 9.9 9 761 869 634 | .235 83.7 88.3 77.5 10.8 10 761 864 646 .218 85.0 89.2 77.5 11.7 11 748 853 628 | .225 86.0 90.5 78.0 12.5 Noon. .729 841 607 234 86.6 91.3 78.4 12.9 1 701 840 576 .264, 86.8 Ol? 78.0 13.7 2 .678 825 044 | .281 86.4 92.8 76.5 16.3 3 .658 802 517 .285 85.7 Bee | 77.6 16.1 4, .648 195 517 278 85.0 93.3 78.0 15.3 5 649 782 530 | .252 84.1 92.5 78.2 14.3 6 .663 479 51 .228 83.2 89.5 78.8 10.7 7 681 197 576 | .221 82.5 87.0 78.3 8.7 8 .710 .820 599 |} |.22) 82.2 86.5 78.1 8.4 9 751 846 624 | .222 81.9 86.0 78.0 8.0 10 139 858 .618 .240 81.7 85.5 78.0 7.5 dl 133 853 618 235 81.4 85.4 77.9 7.5 Ce a a aaa a ET mn The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several -hours during the month. Ixxil Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken al the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutla, in the month of September 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). H ' 7 = rs SY me Sok a | ee eu ee ee) | beeen _ pvc! eiwalaie s | Es | eee mee 2 >) >) 5 Gy 4 _ Fa os ray el es i re 6 3 5 s o8 |pad (oa eal 2 = ees Fog joes Hour. #S wa A 3 5 ae 2 wn os Oi ee 23 = s = si | Ss |e 8 ies E 5 3 = So; As oe a Bl Ioos ag z Bf Pa ee ae) cee gel S bs 5 bs 5 So s oak |€5 = s cS) q AY oa q Tre 6 ro8 = A s) A a Sali oes = 0) 0 fo) ) Enehes. |. T: gr. 4° Te gr- Mid- night.| 79.8 1.5 78.7 2.6 | 0.961 10.35 0.89 0.92 1 19.7 13 fo. | 2 964) .40 74 .93 2 79.5 1.3 78.6 2.2 958 34 43 93 3 79.3 1.3 78.4 2.2 .952 27 74 .93 4, 79.1 1.2 78.3 2.0 .949 24, 67 94, 5 78.9 1.2 78.1 2.0 943 18 .66 94 6 78.8 1.1 78.0 1.9 .940 15 .63 94) 7 79.3 1.2 Fey EO 955 OL 67 94, 8 80.0 2.2 Tae a ae .955 27 1.27 .89 9 80.5 3.2 78.3 5.4, 949 18 .89 84, 10 80.6 4.4 77.5 7.5 .925 9.88 2.65 79 11 81.0 5.0 77.5 8.5 .925 .86 3.05 16 Noon.| 81.1 5.5 77.8 8.8 934 95 19 16 1 81.0 5.8 77.5 9.3 .925 .86 is) 15 2 80.8 5.6 76.9 9.5 .908 .66 40 74, 3 80.6 5.1 1i0 8.7 .919 fA 09 .76 4, 80.5 4.5 140 in 919 82 2.71 78 5 80.2 3.9 77.5 6.6 925 .90 31 81 6 80.1 es 77.9 5.3 .937 10.06 1.83 .85 7 80.0 2.5 78.2 4.3 .946 17 47 87 8 79.9 2.3 78.3 3.9 949 .20 34 .88 9 79.9 2.0 78.5 3.4 950 .29 15 .90 10 79.7 2.0 78.3 3.4 949 22 15 .90 ll 194 eg 78.5 2.9 .955 29 0.98 91 A'l the. Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. xxiii Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of September 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. aes | WIND. } Pomorie a ee gan” | ers F | jee By Me ett 5. Pewenili - | 6 + | General aspect of the Sky. an Lash Scr eee aie © ere ae | direction. So|A a Ase lacs arte o inches ib | Mile. 1} 144.0]; ... |Sby W &S by E 75.6/ \Nito7 a.m. “ito8 vp. m., B toll p. m. Sheet L on W from 7tolOp.m. AA... io W & dS by W 86.4; Btola.m., \ito7 p.m. Bto [S #1 ps mM. to 8 3,148.8) 0.02|SbyW,SSW& 102.5} Bto4a.m., \i Ma oR 4145.0' 020|S,ESE&SS8H 5 149.8 6 145.0; 1.77 7, 140.0; 0.15 8| 148.0} 0.60 Oh ans 0.39 SSE 0.8 | 87.2. 61.2. 49.1 . | 100.2 109.3 ito 6p. M., ‘ito ll p. m. Sheet L from 7 to 11 pv. m. Light R at 4aP. M. SL 16:2 Ae Oh ta 7 Bo Mees to4p.m.S to 11 p.m. Sheet L on N W at midnight T & L at as A. M. Slight R from 4 to 6 _M. at 24 & 4p. Mm. OVt ok. uw. Gish x. wd Dae M.Otodp.m.S toll p.m. T between 14 &3 & at 42 P.M. Dat2&3 Pp. mM. Ni to 4a. mM. \i to 10 4. m., to lisa. O to 9 p.u 7B to ll ve. um. T& Lfrom 1 to 34 p.m. R at 94, 12} a. mu. & from 2} to Barats S to 6 4’. Me, \t'to Sas MM, OF to 3 P.M. O to 8 p.. .. S' to. il Pp. M. Sheet L on N W from Midnight to 2 a. m. gat at 234 a. M. & from 33 to 5: P S to.5 4. M. eto, Gra, M. hy to 9 A. M., Ai ee & M. O to 8 p. M.S toll vp. m. T from 1i to 5 p.m. R from 32 to 6 p. m. s to 44a.mM. 0 to ll pm T lat 55 4.M.& 1 p.m. Slight R from 3 a. M. to4 P.M. NiCirri, —i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~_i Cumulo-strati, ~_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro, cumuli-B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R. rain, D, drizzle. Ixxiv Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, the 1 month of September 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. Max Pressure oF | ag [oe . Winp. OSes, 2 Ns | PSs | Be: Oe Prevaili cg harer pm Serene revailing a] 88 [a6 direction, Ala” IRR ' 0 Inches 10) 122.0; 181;SS E&S E THE Le, SIP 0.06 S by E 12, 102.0) 0.13, 8S by E&S T3)942.0 1.35) S55 Le 5 14, 146.8 sS&SS W 15) 9450 1° ae 1S A SS by W 16 126.5, ... Sby W&SbyE 17, 146.7 SbyE&S 18) 147.9 Sby EH&S 19) 143.5 SbyE&S 20; 147.3 S&SSE v Daily “|Velocity. Fy — bo Sais Co.” 93.2 | 114.0 130.5 108.8 124.7 127.5 91.8 General aspect of the Sky. O to 44a.m. 8 to7 a. M,, At to 11 a. mw. Oto Il @ an Tart 113 a.m. &13 Pp. mM. Rat 24,94 & from 113 a. M. to 6 P. M- O to4a.mM., \\i to64.m. O to 5 Ps) Mi. \_146 7 Plat OC a0 ae p. M. Light R at 3, 55, 7, 8 a.m. 1,2,&3 P.M: Oto6a.m.,~10 told a.m. to 4 p.M.,\1 &\_i td ll p. mw. Slight R from 35 to 5 a. Mm. & at 2&5P. M. Stoll a.m. Oto3 Pp. mM. \i to6pv.m. Sto8 p.m. Btoll p.m. Sheet L from 6} to 8 p. mM. Rat 73, 12% a.m. 13 & 83 P. M. Btodaa. me, \Wito% aes tol vp. m. S toll pv. m. Sheet L from 63 to 7% P. M. Na & 1 40°10 ao - Claes p. mM. § to 6 Pp. wr: O to Ll Fame Sheet L on N E at 103 p. m. O to5 4. M., \Wito 9 A.M. Ai tolla.m. Oto3rp.m.S toll P.M. Lat 25 P. BM Bto44.M.,\ito7 A. M., Ai to5P.mM.,\i1to9r.m., Btoll p.M. Sheet Lon N from 7 to 10 P.M. Bto6a.mM.,\1 & “ito 4P.m. S to7 p. mM, \i toll p. mu. B to 4a. m., \i& “ito Fre. \1 toll p.m. Sheet Lon N W at 7 P. M. Ni to 8 a. M., Ani to 56 P.M., Ni tolle.m. Dat2rm. \G Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \-i Cirro-strati, ~ i Cumulo-strati, W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D. drizzle. a i i Meteorological Observations. Ixxy Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken al the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of September 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., ts <4 }/o @® a 3 (pe Winp. as |e os S) C = oy m7 ener = Pe e | General aspect of t ; eas las 2 Prevailing wee Pans P he Sky é 3 B18 a direction. - 2/4 Sa Ay = -— 0 inches, tb , Miles lt fa Wiow a Me Sl tO: 7 A. MR | 21) 143.2]... S | | 22 145.8/ .. |S, SE&SSE oe ea | | | i eee eet to Ll Pp. we. DD at 5 P. M. tO aed. MB to 6-4. MSS to 7 aA. M., 71 to 11 P.M. Sheet Lon W at8 p.m. T & Lat 10} P. M. 23 142.0; 2.14) SSE&SbyE /3.1! 88.7 —i& “ito2 Pp. m.,Oto8 P.M. | | : | S toll p.m. T at 3, 45 & 5 p.m. | | | L from 7 to9 p. M. R from 2 to | | 63 P. M. 24° 136.8 0.59 SE 0.7 161.4] Chiefly O. R after intervals. Zo, ... | O24/ESESSE&SHE ... | 161.61 O. Rafter intervals. ape... | 0.441 SSE &S by E 163.8 | Oto6p.m. i & \itollp.M. tT & L from Midnight to 34. m., ) | & at 10 p.m. Slight R from Mid- io} z | night to 2 P. M. 27,1410; ... |jSSE,SbyE&S 98.7| \Wito8a.u., >i to 4 P.M. \i ) | toll p.m. D atl p. mM. 28, 134.0) 0.04 |\Sby E & S by W 109.4! \ito8a.m., ~ito lle. mu. L | 29 137.5) 0.06! S byW&S pen 30 129.7; 268; S& Sby E | | | | | . | | | 54,0 on W at 7 & 8p. Mm. Light R at 10 a. M. “ries. Xo, Nal 16. pe ~j to 4p. M., \ito 9 Pp. M., 5 to ll p.m. Sheet L from 63 to 9 p. mM. Light R at 95 a.m. & 10 P. M. \i to 44. m., O to 10 a. M., a a fo 4 BP. wes Ovto.O Pe eF., \ito 11 pv. m. Brisk wind from 12to 5e.m. T&L from 5 to 9 p.m R from 5 to 8 a. M. & 43 to 9 Pp. M. \i Cirri —i Strati,~i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ~1 Cumulo-strati Ww NX imbis \Wi Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R rain, D. drizzle. Ixxvi , Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Resulls of the Hourly Meteorological Obserrations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of September 1874, MonruHity Resutrs. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ... cg 29.709 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9a. M. on the 11th + 29.869 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 3 & 4 P.M. on the 23rd ... 29.517 Ietreme range of the Barometer during the month be we 0.352 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures sas ie te ws. 29.766 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ae we. 29.642 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month oe iver O.12d “ ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for ae month le an tea Roe Max. Temperature occurred at 3 ». M. on the 22nd a 3, eae Min. Temperature occurred at 8 a. M. on the 11th 75.5 Kxtreme range of the Temperature during the month - 18.2 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature pe 88.0 Ditto ditto Min. ditto, 79.5 Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month 8.5 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month a oD Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 2.9 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month in eee Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point me 4.9 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ts at we 0.940 io Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month oe ra 20208 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation s,s Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.86 Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ..,, so Inches. Rained 22 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours cus ee 12.67 « Total amount of rain during the month Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month ia Prevailing direction of the Wind eae 3. by E & 8. S.E 11.34 * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. Metecrological Observations, Ixxvii a ‘uO UBT = cake "UO UlBYY "M ‘N "uO Uley "AA NM ‘uo ULBAT NA QM ‘uO Uley Oe cad "uo ULB "g Aq ‘Mw "UO ULB "MSM “uO ULB "M‘S UO ULB _ ere (= . Sree ors rc I rei Sewn A ANA es eS AN ae AN FAA TAARAAMOW W DMRAAMHAMAHAMAN rc rr mo SHS LwOodtHATWOMAHAMMD AQ MMMOAOMOAMH MO i AnAAA = DW WODMDOROCHAUOLY DOM OKRRADAADODS Ane ~ BRR CMM ADOMDOAN QA AAAAAOAN CD OD SHG 10 10 10 SH SH 1 =H OD x re [oe | nan en) Orr rAd LD WRI DW OOOO MOANA LO Oe i - Vs 7 i = | | 7 Tome iar . eee) YS ae ee Saute. 3 POU ts K+ a 7 j a2 ee y nw them . ] ey Meteorological Observations. Ixxvili Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of October 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Hast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. re) fs b Range of the Barometer = H Range of the Tempera- 2.6 during the day. Firs ture during the day. mes = 5 3 oe Be Date. Ho Ag ao% | Max. | Min. | Diff. | $5 | Max. | Min. | Diff = »- & SH Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) oy) re) re 1 29.660 | 29.719 | 29.603 0.116 84.0 90.0 79.5 | 10.5 2 "685 134 .638 .096 81.7 95.6 (hs 2s | 3 674 .739 097 , | .142 81.9 88.0 78.7 9.3 4, .698 764 .645 iS 81.6 87.3 FLO AOS 5 761 809 708 101 82.2 89.0 78.0 | 11.0 6 .783 .835 133 .102 82.3 88.0 78.0 | 10.0 7 .780 .840 .700 .140 83.4 90.0 79:0 | 12:0 8 £785 851 724 127 82.9 88.3 79.6 8.7 9 793 £858 yp! 147 83.7 90.0 79.5 | 10.5 10 816 | .883 761 122 83.7 90.0 - 80.0 | 10.0 11 804 | .888 732 156 | 83.8 90.8 80.5 | 10.3 12 760 B24, 697 127 | 84.0 91.0 80.0 | 11.0 13 764 | .831 705 | .126| 843 | 90.8 "9.5 | 11.3 14 .768 817 730 087 82.0 89.2 YW Sa ae 8 BY 15 .669 772 O34 298 78.4 79.7 77.5 2.2 16 648 170 .486 284 | 79.4 | - 83.5 77.0 6.5 17 .798 852 741 sdate 80.8 87.0 74.5 | 12.5 18 841 909 785 124) 83.1 89.0 77.5 | 11.5 19 853 924 807 AIF P8233 87.5 79.0 8.5 20 .838 .926 763 163 80.0 86.0 74.5 | 11.5 21 £809 .879 147 132 | 80.4 87.0 74.0 | 13.0 22 805 874, 741 133 | 82.7 | 88.5 "7.0 | 11.5 23 .822 891 174 117 82.9 88.8 78.8 | 10.0 24, .863 923 .806 117 | 82.8 88.5 Tos 1-92 25 .867 .939 .822 sy) 78.8 86.2 76.4 9.8 26 1832 884, 788 096 | 77.6 81.0 75.0| 6.0 27 847 894 813 081 76.4 79.0 75.5 3.5 28 .838 .896 790 106 429 81.4, 75.3 6.1 29 827 879 74 105 80.4: 84.9 77.3 7.6 30 854 .906 197 .109 80.4 840 17.2 6.8 31 921 985 874 111 80.1 | 84.7 76.5 8.2 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day, Ixxix Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken ut the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of October 1874. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Conlinwed.) 6 = . SH Ra Sa Fa i i eH = i] Ss) AY o = ES = b Ss 5 6 Sop idee Z Date. ia a = A s 6 o od rS Ee) eof ae Salt fa Ole Wad eed ea a Le OQ 5 a ao a e) . fe) B38 o © Ps = Pay oF = A S) 2 = re) xo) oO 9) Inches. ] 79.5 4.5 76.3 a 0.890 2 148 3.9 75.1 6.6 857 3 79.1 2.8 el 4.8 9 3 4, 77.8 3.8 75.1 6.5 857 5 78.4 3.8 75.7 6.5 .873 6 79.2 a1 (ol 5.3 .910 7 io 4.1 76.4 7.0 893 8 79.7 3.2 11.9 5.4 .925 9 80.1 3.6 77.6 6.1 .928 10 80.2 3.5 Wit 6.0 931 1] 80.3 3.5 M:e 6.0 .934 12 . 80.1 3.9 774 6.6 .922 13 79.5 4.8 76.1 8.2 .885 14 76.2 5.8 721 9.9 178 15 77.0 1.4 76.0 2.4, .882 16 76.8 2.6 75.0 4.4, 894 a7 (VR 3.5 74.8 6.0 .849 18 79.0 4.1 76.1 7.0 .885 19 77.4 4.9 74.0 8.3 .827 20 io.0 6.5 68.9 tee fOr 21 foe 5.2 71.6 8.8 .766 22 77.6 §.1 74.0 8.7 .827 23 78.7 4,2 75.8 el .876 24, 78.7 4.1 75.8 7.0 .876 25 76.4, 2.4, 74.7 4.1 .846 26 75.6 2.0 7A.2 3.4 .832 27 75.4 1.0 74.7 ay, 846 28 76.9 1.0 16.2 16’ .887 29 3.1 2.3 76.5 3:9 .896 30 LSE or 75.8 4.6 .876 31 76.0 4.1 et 7.0 .803 r Mean Weight of Vapou in a Cubic foot of air 62 67 4.4, 8.67 apour required for ~ / complete saturation. Additional Weight of \ he pre. 2.64 16 1.62 2.13 16 Ay) 2.38 1.85 2.12 .O9 .O9 30 .80 3.11 0.75 1.38 92 2.36 .68 3.24 2.69 84 08 34 1.28 03 0.53 54 1.27 50 2.17 a Mean degree of Humi- dity. complete satu- ration being unity. .86 .80 All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Ne ae ee ae es eee ~ ™ Meteorological Observations Ixxx Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor Generat’s Office, Cateutta, in the mouth of October 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent theréon. ‘68 Range of the Barometer Soa Range of the Tempera- 25. for each hour during A ture for each hour Bes 2 a the month. ee 4 during the month. tan Hour.| © Eo. aa 3 4% | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $2 | Max. | Min. | Diff as an Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) co) oO Oo Mid- night.| 29.787 | 29.887 | 29.530 | 0.357 79.4 82.0 76.0 6.0 1 hed 844, 507 377 (Ae) 81.9 75.6 6.3 2 769 874 .486 .388 78.8 81.8 75.4 6.4 3 .760 877 493 B84 78.5 81.6 75.0 6.6 4 .763 .882 519 363 78.3 81.4 74.7 6.7 5 CANE 895 533 .362 78.0 81.2 74.3 6.9 6 793 908 581 327 (eS) 81.0 74.0 7.0 7 814 938 611 327 78.4, 81.5 75.1 6.4 8 .836 968 659 B09 80.3 83.3 755 7.8 9 849 985 691 294) 82.2 86.0 75.8 10.2 10 .849 .983 OA 279 83.8 87.0 77.0 10.0 it 83d OF 705 262 84.9 88.5 heed 10.8 Noon. .810 942 681 261 85.6 90.6 ff As 13.1 1 183 920 645 275 85.7 91.0 77.5 13.5 2 109 .887 .623 264 85.9 90.8 77.5 13.3 3 744 879 .603 .276 85.8 90.5 77.6 12.9 A, 139 878 597 281 84.8 90.0 77.0 13.0 5 747 894 .603 291 83.7 90.0 75.5 14.5 6 755 wut 570 vol 82.0 86.5 75.5 11.0 7 173 .926 .568 008 81.3 85.2 75.5 9.7 8 195 952 578 B74 80.8 84.0 75.7 8.3 9 .807 .958 O40 418 80.5 83.5 75.8 a 10 811 964, 534 .430 80.0 82.6 76.0 6.6 11 .808 .9dd 538 A417 79.6 82.0 76.0 6.0 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. IXXX1 Meteorological Observations. Absiract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken al the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of October 1874. Hourly Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). 5 . = . G4 sy ee E ig tas eae RN ee | S84 les r a © Se Be fh TO Sah as a ar ah rea : PSs | aes tt ss 2 o rob) o) G4 45 ties Salter Negi eae ets 2 5 6 a 2s |E 28 |o88 Hour) "2 ir A a = "Eb © oo EB. zs ® + me oS O° is "3°38 S. 2 | ag Ee FE = SB] ES | eee eee dg = [oy Fa fs S| 2 ra) = = =p qa. a “a om oS mes ig ba oa ee = aos w,° oo | me eo Mere Si A la 5 a bs IS Bn eee fo) ) ) ) Inches.) or) Beer. Mid- niglit.| 77.6 1.8 76.3 3.1 0.890 9.63 0.99 0.91 1 77.4 hey 76.2 2.9 .887 .60 93 oi 2 77.2 1.6 Toe 2.7 885 57 87 .92 3 77.0 1.5 10-9 2.6 .879 ol 84 92 4, 76.8 1.5 75.7 2.6 873 45 83 92 5 16.7 1.3 75.8 2.2 876 OU .69 93 6 76.5 1.4 75.5 2.4 .868 42 74 93 7 76.9 1.5 75.8 2.6 876 48 83 2 8 ioe 2.6 75.9 4.4 879 49 1.42 .87 9 78.2 4.0 75.4 6.8 865 09 2.24) 81 10 78.7 5.1 io. 8.7 857 Ay | 93 76 it 79.0 5.9 74.9 10.0 851 09 3.40 73 Noon.| 79.2 6.4 74.7 10.9 .846 03 13 71 1 78.9 6.8 74.1 11.6 £830 8.85 95 .69 2 75.0 7.0 74.0 it’) 827 82 4.08 .69 3 78.8 7.0 73.9 11.9 824 79 O4 .69 4 78.2 6.6 73.6 11.2 817 03 37.3 70 5 78.1 5.6 74.2 9.5 .832 91 16 74 6 i) 4.1 75.0 7.0 854 9.18 2.29 80 7 4i® 3.4 75.5 5.8 .868 5D) 1.89 83 8 78.0 2.8 76.0 4.8 .882 50 57 .86 9 78.0 2.5 76.2 4.3 .887 58 40 87 10 77.9 2.1 76.4 3.6 893 64 eg, .89 ba Beh 1.9 76.4 3.2 893 66 03 .90 A'l the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. Ixxxil Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, im the month of October 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. ee lees WInb. eee eee S| Ds 6s 3 Bee pees General aspect of the Sk Oo) we |a.2| Prevailing Malis y- | Ss FB ‘e_ 4} direction. soias Ape isa | Pl i o Inches ib , Mile. HEPA clo. | So bye nde N UW | %.. 47.9; \i to8a.M., ~ito4de. uw. B [E to- LE) Pe Me. 2} 114.0) 0.02 |NW,NNW&NN| ....| 108.0} \ito5a.u.S tol v.u. O to ll p.m. Light R at3 &7 p. mw. 3} 118.0; 0.12 NNE&E 0.8 1388.1) \ito4a.m.Sto8a.m., “i to7 P.M. Oto llp.m. Sheet L at Midnight 1 a.m. & 8 p.m. Light R at 55, 7 a.m. 1, 24, 5,8 '& 10 P.M. 4)140.0| 0°08 | SSE&SbyE | 2.0 30.0) Oto5a. uw. “i to 11 Pp. wr. Brisk wind between 1 & 2 4. . Light R at 13 & 10} a. m. 5, 143.4, Bae S&S S2k 0.7 P40 1 box 2 2a. M;, 1.10 .6:P, a. B to ll Pp. m. Sei2zo | OO SS BS B'S E |)... 1 195.1 B to.6 4) M.-L to 8 ». mB jto 11 p.m. T from 123 to 2 p. m. JR at 122 a. m. 7, 147.2, 1:03 |ESE,SE&SSE) ...| 81.9) Btoda.m, \ito7a.m., Mi to 5 p.m. O toll ep. m. L from 6 tol0Op.m.'l & R from 6 to 8 p.m. 8 139.0; 017 |SSE,SE&SbyH) ... | 54.0) S to 4a. «., \i to 94. M., Ai to 3 p. M.O to 6 p. m.,\_itoll Pp. M. Slightly fogey from 5 to7 | ‘A. M. R between 4 & 5 p. m. pide-o|\ 0-027 S by H&S 8H)... |) 61.9) Bto5a. m., Ai to 9 e.m. B to 9 | Jl p.m. Lon N at7 & 8p. mM. Light R at 5p. u. 10} 148.7) |... SSE at} 90.0) Bto 5 aom., \tto 7a u., Ai to 8 p.M., \i to ll vp. mu. Sheet L jat 3a. M. & from 7 to9 p. m. D ‘at 435 Pp. M. 11,1445) 006|SSE&NNE|...| 465) Bto4dam, No Os Fea Mega 1 to 6 p.m.Btollp.m.Tat3Pp.m. Sheet L at 7 & ll p. u. Light Rat 3; P. M. \aCirri, —i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, © i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \Wi Cirro, cumuli-B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L li ghtning, R. rain, D, drizzle. Ixxxill Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, the un mouth of October 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. hee oa Winp. = = BQ = © Bo ¢ Ne ae 5 Prevailing : 5 BE General aspect of the Sky. BS) S8 a irection. So = le tea A mes ee Inches [by 8S) tb Mie s. 12) 143.0| 0.19 INNE,EbyN & VE 4.0| 67:33) -Bto0.5.A. M., NIto 7 A aoe to 7 vp. mM. Bto1l p.m. Strong wind from 4} to 5 p.m. Slightly foggy at 4 & 5 a. M. Sheet Lon N W from midnight to 3 a. m. T & Lfrom 4to7 p.m. Rat 3 & 5P.M. 13) 140.5 EbyS&E 102.7| Bto4a.m.Oto7 a.m. B to 10a. M0 1 0-5 P.M A Ow p.M. Btoll p.m. Foggy ati & 6 a. M. 14) 139.0 E&S E 0.8] 177.8; \itolla.m. Stoll P. m. De treet 1-27 NE, ENE& E/12.0| 198.1] O. Gale fromd to 11 p.m. T between 11 & 12 a.m. R nearly : the whole day. 16 126.0 | *4.56 S, S W & WSW) 8.0 584.6] O to 104.m. Sto 7 P.u. Bto 11 vp. m. Gale from midnight to 544.m.Brisk wind from 53 to 10 a. M. R from midnight to 9 a. M. 17| 137.5 WSW&S 110.6) Bto Sal we Ni teal Asa to4p.m. Bto 11 P. m. Slightly foggy from 8 to 1l Pp. M. 18) 146.2 WSW&WbyS 45.9} Bto 9 a.m. “ito6P.m.B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy from [NNW midnight to4.a.M.&7to 10p.M. 19) 136.2 W by 8, NW & 56.0 B to 2 a.m, oT 10-5} 2. iiss toll p.m. Dat72a. M. 20,1350 | ». |NNW&N W 101.9} B. Slightly foggy from 9 to TA tp. Ms 21) 139.0 fo ps NW &N by W 84.1] BtolOa. m., “i to3 P.M, \1 to5 p.m. Btollp. mM. 22) 138.7 N by W 42.1} Bto7a.M., \ito 94. M. Ai to5 p.m. B toll p.m. Slightly foggy from 2 to 4 a. M. 23) 133.0 NE&WN by E 46.9} Bto8 a.m., mito 5p. um. B to 11 Pp. M. Slightly foggy from 7 toll p: M. \i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~ 1 Cumulo-strati, 1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D. drizzle. * Fell after 4p. Mm. of the 15th to 9 4. M. of the 16th. Meteorological Observations. Ixxxiv Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, sm the month of October 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c., d 3 ep WInD. rae aS) ; ‘ Ds oe = = years Sie | aus © Prevailing Me ret “3 3| Ss Be & direction 7 3| 2.8 ~ . o Lal oQ;sa oa oe =f jan) G o |Inches ib}, Miles 24,143.0/ ... |NNE,N&SE|16! 168 25| 120.0 | 1°60 SE&SSE 115.2 Ol ©. ee Se Uk-ES i 150.1 nae... 1°39 ES. b& EH emma (1, | a 2°56 SHE &S 2.0 (ea.7 29 133.0/ 0:43 | S E& SbyE 162.8 30| 137.6. ... |S by E, $,& W 125.1 31) 181.0} - .., W&NNW 81.1 General aspect of the Sky. Nites A... B to 8 A. M., At to 8 p.m. Bto 11 Pp. m. Slightly foggy from midnight to 9 a. m. B to 6 47M.,.71 to 12:4. uO 9p.m.Stoll p.m. R from 3 4.M.to5 Pp. M. S to3 a.m. Oto9a.m. 8 to p. M.O toll p.m. Dat 9a. mu. 53,6, 7,9, 10 & 11 Pp. mw. O. R nea ly the whole day. © to's Pi MS TOS te NG toll ev, wat from: 2 te 1a i « nk im - aa —-- bias = vt © - 3 eS omte % 4 he , : * ’ : - . y- we at 1 et - pS 7 45 _ ue - ' x =. - t ‘4 = “3 _- = o 7 o- . ia 2 t » .-« - = a = 5. . : 7 ann ° nt s , SI S ; : : ‘. “ F is ri - « i" . ; =e ‘ . +. s aye iit s ; -: , é 8 ‘. _ ms f 1 ; . Fs ‘ a> . = > tr 4 : Sc i y - r . * E ‘ ‘ : > + pt ie 3 ‘ * ab - ’ : . ae 3 ip , rs ‘s : e ee v = : j 7 4 7 4 ‘<= = 4 t ‘ 4 % 2 < r“ q ’ 3 . a | z 4 : 7 Ni te : t : rae \ ce a * : <0 i ' 2 7 i 3 . ; ‘ : . y - + - = ° i we! h - - fr. ' J f » = ” . iin . J 7 , . ¢ Sa 4 ‘ ° . rf P ihe a we Y » ier AD c. Meteorological Observations. Ixxxvil Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations 4) taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of November 1874. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Fast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. Sey Re 8 _ | Range of the Barometer = H Range of the Tempera- a 4 during the day. ‘e ture during the day. “> Oo 4 Date. Bo B x > | 2% | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 88 | Max. | Min. | Diff Ss ~~ Ss . = H | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Oo o Oo o 1 29.944 | 29.998 | 29.901 0.097 80.9 85.6 77.0 8.6 2 .942 | 30.003 .888 115 80.8 84.7 Was 7.0 3 952 .021 904 v7 79.9 84.6 77.4 4.2 4 971 .032 .923 .109 79.9 85.8 76.4 9.4, 5 .973 .048 923 125 81.2 87.3 76.9 | 10.4 6 948 .029 881 148 | 80.3 86.3 76.5 | 9.8 7 .931 .006 . 872 124 77.6 83.3 fa.0'\° 10.3 8 .934 | 29.999 874 125 75.8 83.0 69.5 | 13.5 9 941 .992 .884 .108 77.9 84.7 420). 12.7 i0 .945 | 30.012 881 sist 78.8 84.3 at | 10.6 EL 943 .0O10 .882 128 ‘ee! 81.7 74.5 i2Z 12 941 008 | .899| .109| 77.1 81.0 7451 65 13 .958 .019 .910 .109 76.8 81.5 73.4 8.1 14 .985 054, .929 125 77.8 84.8 Ta | 12.8 15 995 .059 951 .108 76.9 84.2 GLO 13.2 16 30.015 .078 961 Pa 75.2 81.7 69.8 | 11.9 17 .032 .O92 .981 -EhE 76.0 83.4 70.0 | 13.4 18 .O10 O76 .957 .119 75.9 81.5 117 9.8 19 29.988 .058 942 116 74.2 80.6 68.0 | 12.6 20 .996 - O78 .931 147 iow 80.0 67.0 | 13.0 21 .995 .062 949 113 71.8 79.3 662.0 15:3 22 .988 045 .937 .108 69.4 76.7 63:6} 13,1 23 .992 060 931 129] 68.9 | 77.0 61.5 | 15.5 24, .989 .055 .939 sELG 69.0 (ya 61.5 | 15.6 25 30.025 .096 975 121 69.6 77.9 63.0 | 14.9 26 .056 .130 | 30.009 121 69.9 77.8 63.0 | 14.8 a7 .039 .112 | 29.985 a If) 69.2 78.4 62.0 | 16.4 28 .O10 .095 .956 .139 68.7 ik 61.5 | 16.2 29 .005 .069 957 112 69.0 78.2 61.4 | 16.8 30 .027 102 971 ld] 69.1 78:2 61.3 | 16.9 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day. Ixxxviii Meteorological Observations. Abstruct of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations luken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of November 1874. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued.) r| : 7 * Cy . Spe eye ie ies Boles eae | ee ee Ey re S) A © cy S06 12 SH ri 0) ~ = o an 2 = ae q 2 rab) > 2 Gy 42 rt ley y=) a | 8 | 859 2) .9 | 22. eee saetes i ester ed es Be es a, | 22 | sue ieee ie -35 : — & fee 2 ; Rag) gala’) Ba ee ee =e 2, 5 gq Ai Ee 3 Ste eB 8a Ps a poy S > og Ses |sa8 = A S) A qi Piva bles a oO O re) oO Inches. | T.gr. | Ie gr. ib 77 A 3.5 74.9 6.0 0.851 9.17 1.93 0.83 2 78.1 PT 76.2 4.6 887 .56 OL 86 3 Vie 2.8 Fa. 4.8 857 .25 53 .86 Ae ee To 28 75.1 4.8 | 857 25 BB 86 5 76.5 A.7 73.2 8.0 .806 8.68 255 as 6 74,4, 5.9 70.3 10.0 734 7.92 99 A; a 713 6.3 66.9 10.7 .657 12 95 fh. 8-4 68.8 iO 63.9 11.9 O95 6.47 3.07 68 9 70.9 7.0 66.0 11.9 .638 OL 35 .68 10 74.2 4.6 710) 7.8 yfisy t 8.12 2.32 78 11 | 752 | 2.5 73.4 43 |< ‘gd 80 | 1.30 87 19° dr Vael 60 B71.) 40-0) .| 0661) | Fagy toes 72 1a) veer | Ae 69.7 71 | 1720 82 01 80 Tas fii G2 |i) BLO 69.3 g5 | .711 69 Ad 76 15 70.4 6.5 65.8 Lil 5634)1, 6.89 .97 70 16 68.2 220 63.3 11.9 084, 38 3.02 .68 Ah 69.5 6.5 64.9 Tht 615 GO 2.90 70 ig | 696 | 68 65211 10:%)/| \620 67 81 71 19 67.3 6.9 62.5 11% .568 .20 89 .68 20 66.7 6.3 61.7 Ths 004 0d GA 69 ot 65.2 6.6 59.9 11.9 O21 5.71 A .68 99 62.6 6.8 57.2 12.2 476 24 62: 307 23 62.6 6.3 57.6 113 .483 32 42 .69 24 | 629, | 6.1 58.0 | 11.0 | .489 B9 37 70 25 63.8 5.8 59.2 10.4 509 .62 28 ha. 26 63.3 6.6 58.0 11.9 .489 Bo .60 .67 o7 62.4 6.8 57.0 12.2 A473 ok .60 67 28 62.4 6.3 57.4 11.3 .480 .29 .40 .69 99 | 63.2 | 5.8 bees i0.4 | ooo Fi 25 71 30 62.6 6.5 57.4 ey, .480 28 .00 .68 ( All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Afeteorological Observations Ixxxix Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor “General’s Ofice, Calcutta, in the month of November 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. ‘68 Range of the Barometer | =< . Range of the Tempera- oe for each hour during AS ture for each hour Hehe eS FQ ae A = 2 4 the month. a: during the month. H Hour.) © Bo. | A 5 34% / Max. | Min. | Diff. | £2 | Max. | Min. | Dime ake ee Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) ) Oo Mid- night.| 29.983 | 30.056 | 29.921 | 0.135 72.2 79.2 64.5 14.7 1 974 O47 BZ 138 Bi? 79:0 64.0 15.0 2 .966 043 .899 144, 71.2 18:7 63.5 15.2 3 .958 .037 .903 134 10.7 78.4 63.0 15.4 4, .958 .035 .908 Bri 70.3 78.2 62.4 15.8 5 ae 051 922 129 70.0 78.0 62.0 16.0 6 .989 .065 .937 128 69.6 That 61.4 16.3 7 30.009 .086 .960 .126 69.9 i739 61.3 16.6 8 _ 0380 SEH 975 138 72.3 80.5 63.2 17.3 9 O49 130 .992 138 75.4 83.0 66.8 16.2 10 O46 aeh7 992 128 77.6 84.0 70.2 13.8 11 .027 .106 67 | .139 79.2 85.8 73.5 12.3 Noon.| 29.999 .078 945 133 80.2 86.6 75.0 11.6 1 .968 047 914 133 80.9 87.3 73.6 gy 2 945 O19 .893 126 81.2 85.8 76.7 9.1 3 933 O09 874 135 Sit 87.3 75.8 11.5 4, .932 O10 872 138 80.0 86.0 75.3 10.7 5 .940 .O19 873 146 78.6 84.5 73.0 11.5 6 952 028 .890 138 76.8 $2.8 710 11.8 vf 50) 046 .906 140 75.4 81.5 69.5 12.0 8 .986 O61 912 149 74.5 81.0 68.0 13.0 9 997 059 .925 134 73.8 80.3 67.2 13.1 10 30.001 .078 927 151 73.1 79.6 66.0 13.6 1t | 29.996 O71 926 | :145 72.4: 79.2 65.3 13.9 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several hours during the month. xe Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken al the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of November 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements | dependent thereon.—(Continued). 4 ' Q e = Ay SH i <= Bro NSS ES el eee | ee a ne? aoaot 2 | ES | eye e 2 o fed) S) SH 45 ee Se ro + 2 5 eae aa = re 28 eee loos Hour.|) 3 A a ‘SB So li o oe eee = 8 2 3 = Se) .2S | 3221S ES BS $ ae As aes qf aoe 2 qq fa = FA ig Ree. Be 2 a Goes SS bs S| bs Sa eS jtoe a leis 3A a S BAY =i +8 |-SFS loos = = O A = a < x co) ) Oo Oo Inches. | T. gr. | T. gr. Mid- night. 69.2 3.0 66.8 5.4 0.655 7.19 1.36 0.84 i 68.7 3.0 66.3 5.4 64.4 .08 .30 84 2 68.2 3.0 65.8 5.4 .634 6.97 oo 84 3 67.8 2.9 65.5 5.2 .628 91 27 85 A, 67.5 2.8 65.3 5.0 .623 -86 22 8d 5 67.1 2.9 64.8 5.2 .613 76 24, 85 6 66.9 2.7 64.7 4.9 611 73 ae 8d 7 67.0 | 2.9 64.7 5.2 611 73 25 84, 8 68.0 4.3 64.6 ies, .609 .67 BSD 78 9 691 3.3 64.7 he yg 611 65 2.78 dab 10 69.9 (Me 64.5 13.1 .607 08 3.49 .65 sil 70.8 8.7 64.4 14.8 .605 od 4.02 .62 Noon.| 70.4 9.8 63.5 16.7 588 30 55 58 i 70.8 LG 63.7 My 91 o7 43 57 2 718 10.2 63.9 17.3 O95 40 81 OT 3 70.8 10.3 63.6 17.5 .090 33 84, Ryd 4, 70.4 9.6 63.7 16.3 O91 38 43 09 5 70.5 8.1 64.8 13.8 613 64 3.74 64 6 (pec 5.8 66.9 9:9 .657 {us 2.70 13 7 70.7 4.7 67.4 8.0 .668 ei 16 7 8 70.2 4.3 67.2 io 664 .25 1.93 19 9 69.9 3.9 67.2 6.6 664, .25 3 81 10 69.5 3.6 66.6 6.5 651 sil .68 81 11 69.1 3.03 66.5 5.9 .648 19 00 83 All the Hy grometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. Xci Abstract of the Results of the LHourly Meteorological Observations -taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of November 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &e. a hs ¥ WInp. | — ao Ors Be |e a =| +. 2 General aspect of th ‘ a8 ape 5 | Prevailaie 4g Ngee eneral aspect of t e Sky. S| Ss fa) direction. [SSA 3 Aa as oh i o Inches [ES EK) ib | Mile. BESO |... NNW, Eby N & ... | 92.1] Wito 6a.m.,\i tol0a.m., Ai to4ep.m.Sto8p.m. Btollp.m. | Sheet L on 8S between 5 &6rP.mM. 4 925-0) > aes ESE&E dae COE | NL OO A Ae tO. P.M, \_i to ll p. M. 311418... Powe, | 823! ¥ to hale, Sito 8 a. mw, to doa Gols. mais Btollep.m.T& Datlpr.um. 411345; 006| SE&ESE |... | 45.4] Bto3da.m.,\ito9a.M., Ai to4p.M.,\-ito6Pp.m. Btoll p. M. Slightly foggy from7 to 11 p. M. Light R at 2 p. m. o1346) ... |ESE&E by Ny...) 83.7). Bto2Z a. w.,\—ito5a. wi \i to “1OUAS M.,|\2 40-5. ?. ut. BG to llP.M. Slightly foggy from mid- night to 2 a. M. 1230) ) a E by N wet (actors | tei eae: Set tO 1 P. Wr, Ci to4p.m. B to ll P. M. Bia Os} es KEbyN&NE 6 108.9: B tog. M., \1to 6 p.m. Bto ll P. mt. Slightly foggy from mid- nightto3a.M. = 120.9 | B to 5a. M.,\1 to 8 a. m. Bto 1] a. M.,\i ton p.M.Btollp.m. , foe7 3... | NE&iEN E ace . ENE& Eby N } 195.1; Btol a.m. S$ to54.y., \i [E by S to7 p.m. Otoll P.M. 2 133.0; ... |E NE, Eby N & 167.9) COs A. Ms \1'& V1 tall IA. M., ,1 t06 P.M., \itoll Pp. mM. ‘D at 33 Pp. M. 11/ 119.0 | 0.06 E byS&E sie Lagi A Saito 2 4. M..8 to:7 «Mey i to 11 a. m. O toll p.m. Light IR at 123 & 53 Pp. M. 2}116.0; ... | E&by EbyN | ... | 175.5| Chiefly O. D at 32 a. M. 3, 127.0 . \EbyN&EN E| ... | 202.2; Oto Noon, “ito 5 p.m. 8S to i 9p.M. Btoll p.m. D at4a.m. ¥4)'129.0 | >... ENE aee0LG| Nito2 a. wm: Bto Hi asm a to4p. m.,\_1to 9P.m.Btollp.m. 5|130.5| ... IENE&NNW) ... | 227.2 | B to 6 a.m., \si to 9 a.m. B to oa \iCirri, —i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, \,i Cirro, cumuli-B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R. rain, D, drizzle. Doon, \—i to.3 p.m B to lhe, X¢Cll Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calculla, the in mouth of November 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. \i Cirri,—i Strati, ~ Max. Solar radiation. Rain Guage 13 ft. above Ground. WIND. =| + £ General aspect of the Sk Proving ie b> 2° | General aspect 0 e Sky. direction. so A = Ay = 3 Mies N by W 190.7; Bto4a.m.,ito4-7. mw. B to 9 P. M., i to 17 p.m, Nby W&NbyE ,,, | 104.2} Bto3da.m.,.itolp.mu.\i to. LP Sar. NNE&WNHW, ., 73.9.) \2to6 a. u., \-1 to Moon, \ 4 10102. Mw." N71 $011 Bam: WNWE&NbyW)... | 36.2) Ni to44a.m. Bto3 p.m. \i to7 p.m. Bto 11 p.m. Slightly foggy at8 & Or. mM. Nhbhy Wa by Hi) 697) 5 to 10am. “rte deem. \_ito3 p.m. Btoll p.m. Slightly foggy at8&9Pp.M. N by E 50.3 | Chiefly B. Nby E&N 63.2; Btod a. mM. \i to8a.m. B t0 11a. Mo, Nistov6.PLM.-Bte ll p. mM. Shghtly foggy from 9 to ll P.M. N & N by E 59.1) Bto 6 a. mw. \i to 11 Pam Foggy from midnight to 2 a. M. & 7 to lOp. M. NbyE& NW 39.5) “Lito lala. Bto lias 3s toll p.m. Shghtly foggy from 8 toll P.M. NW &N by W §8.2.| B to 4 a. m., \ito 11 p.m. Slightly foggy at midnight. N by W &N .. | 98.0] Chiefly \a. Wiby Wide NON WY oe) 712 \i to a). Bee wen SN to6P.mM. Btoll p.m. NNW&WNW 49.5 | Chiefly \i WNWE&N by W 55.4| Chiefly B. Slightly foggy from 7 to ll P. mw. NNW,N&Nby W| ... | 24.8 i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, + 1 Cumulo-strati, \W_1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D. drizzle. Meteorological Observations. X¢clll Abstract of the Resulls of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, wm the mouth of November 1874. Monruty ReEsvutts. * “%\ Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ae .. 29.982 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9 a. mM. on the 26th ia O01 a0 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. mM. on the 7th .«. 29.872 Letreme vange of the Barometer during the month are evs 10.268 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures 5a we ce ss, 30.050 Ditto ditto Min. ditto wee .. 29.929 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ee aR CAL 0 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month se ee aa 74.9 Max. Temperature occurred at 1 & 3 ». Mm. on the bth ne ian MOYES Min. ‘Temperature occurred at 7 a. M. on the 30th ca Ole Hetreme range of the Temperature during the month ace a 20.0 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature _... ai ane acy ¢ ORG Ditto ditto Min. ditto, nes six, 69.6 Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month ,.. ee 8 120) Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month Wed wGO:3 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 5.6 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month ae 8 Gi Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point at 9.5 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month sade He sa 0.626 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month vat AES RGR? Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation war | DAT Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.73 Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ,,, int Jao Inches. Rained 6 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours vi % O06 Total amount of rain during the month et ORES Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month as . 0.06 Prevailing direction of the Wind fy te NS by W. &E. by Nee * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground, XC1V Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the'month of Nov. 1874, Monruty Rzsvtts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. ‘uo UIE "MM Aq ‘NT Mete .rolog ‘cal Oiservations, IDAD AD IDAN WiIN AMR GH Aww Dr OSOOODO. ‘uO URI ‘MN 'N MOO AAC CON GI oD x ce Mo ANNAN AA UO UleIy ‘M UN "U0 WIRY “MAN M ‘do uley Se 1 ee i OANA AAA AH NANANAAATHH aN AANA AAN A "N Aq A "HO Ulery “M "uo igs B ‘8 Aq "uo UlByy “AAS AA "U0 WIRY “M 'S “U0 UIRY A SS: ‘Uo URI "mM 4q°9 ‘UO ULB aS ‘U0 WIR ‘a Aq ‘'g ‘uo uiey Is SL US SiS ‘uo urey 14 etre wee) "uo Uley ‘HS “Wl a Pa os oS rei So Ol oe I oe oF oe | St Ss ort ANANIAAANADMARQAN = Meme RDNA AAGA ‘uO UIeIy *g Aq "dO UIBy] “7 Eee ees ore is oe en i oe oe ee OS | (eee oo fl oon Ul con Il oo oe i (eS) Lol RQRAAAAAAD AAA "0 UIeIyT ce OMADMMANAAAIAN too "N Aq “of ‘uO UIRI Sayers pe) Oe ‘aN “U0 UIVIZ “a AEA “HO UIeIY ‘a Aq“ ‘m0 UIBIT i 2S Hour. OD GD OD CD OD CD GD CD CD oO 4 Bes |oCk a ° A 5 A a aa: a Oo re) Oo Oo Tnekess)) Vi: lors 4 Dor: 1 62.3 6.6 57.0 11.9 0.473 5.21 2.53 0.67 2 61.8 6.6 56.5 Lhe 465 13 AD - 67 3 61.8 6.4 56.7 11.5 469 16 42 .68 4 62.5 6.3 57.5 113 A81 ol cr .69 5 61.6 6.8 56.2 12.2 461 .08 4 67 6 61.5 6.3 56.5 1k 465 14 34 .69 7 62.2 5.7 57.6 10.3 483 00 18 afk 8 62.7 5.0 58.7 9.0 501 4 1.92 74 9 63.5 5.7 58.9 10.3 504, 56 2.25 yi! 10 64.5 6.0 59.7 10.8 .518 .69 44, 70 14 62.7 ine 56.9 13.0 A472 18 .80 65 12 59.9 7.5 53.9 13.5 .426 4.71 .68 64 13 61.6 6.6 56.3 ig 462 5.10 48 67 14 62.5 6.6 57.2 LL 476 24 4 .67 158| 60.1 | - 7.3 54.3 13.1 432 4.78 :6] 65 16 57.5 7.0 51.9 12.6 .398 43 oo . .66 H 58.8 6.3 53.8 11.3 425 72 Nib 169 18 59.0 6.5 53.8 17 A25 av 27 .68 19 56.1 8.1 48.8 15.4, 358 3.99 70 .60 20 55.9 7.3 49.3 13.9 .365 4.06 43 63 21 55.6 6.8 49.5 12.9 367 .10 .23 65 22 55.9 6.0 50.5 11.4 .380 .25 1.98 .68 23 57.0 6.6 51.1 12.5 388 Jl 2.26 .66 a4 | 588 | 63 53.8 | 11.3 | .425 72 17 69 25 60.7 6.5 55.5 ay 450 .98 37 .68 o6.| 62.9 | 5.7 asige|’- 10.3 || | 40491 BAS 22 71 27 60.5 6.5 55.3 tay. 447 4.95 1) .68 28 60.1 7.6 54.0 13.9 428 72 74 .63 29 61.3 7.0 55.7 12.6 453 5.00 .60 .66 30 | 62.7 | 6.0 ST | 10.8. 1 8d88 37 32 70 31 61.1 7.5 55.1 13.5 444 4.90 iE 64 All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations xevil Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and “of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon. $3 Range of the Barometer = Range of the ‘’empera- ee @ 3 for each hour during a8 ture for each jour pea the month. a during the month. be Hour.| Eo. Ag i gS | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 33 | Max. | Min. | Diet as ie | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. es Inches. ° re) ° | ° Mid- | | night. 30.040 | 30.093 | 29.900 | 0.193 | 63.5 | 685 | 58.4 | 10.2 1 031} .082/; .889| .193 | 628 | 68.0 | 57.2 | 108 2 021 | 070| .876| .194 | 62.2 | 675 | 564 | 111 3 ll} 060} 865 | 195 | 61.5 | 67.0 | 56.2 | 108 4 013 | .052| .872| .180 | 609 | 664 | 560 | 104 5 .026 .063 882 | .181 | 60.3 | 65.8 | 55.5 | 10.3 6 013 | .084| .901| .183 | 59.7 | 65.0 | 540 | 110 7 063 | .105|; .917| .188 | 59.5 | 646 | 53.9 | 10.7 8 089 | .131| 946} .185 | 615 | 656 | 55.0 | 10.6 9 110| .154| .983] 171 | 65.4 | 705 | 585 | 120 10 113 .157 585 | | -172 | | 69.0.) | 7423.1 622 12.0 11 094 at .979| .165 | 72.0 | 75.6 | 65.4 | 10.2 Noon.| .060| .106| .946| .160 | 739 | 77.7 | 675 | @O02 1 027} .072| 924] .148 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 69.2 8.9 2 003 | 044) 912] .132 | 762 | 788 | 70.5 8.3 3 | 29.988| .030| .892| .138 | 762 | 4793 | 71.0 8.3 4 986 | .023] .882| .141 | 75.0 | 78.0 | 70.0 8.0 5 ma | | ose | (oie | sO.) | 73.4) | 1760; | | 68.5 7.5 6 | 30.006| .053| .885 | .168 | 70.5 | 73.5 | 65.5 8.0 7 022 | .073|; .905| .168 68.5 | 72.0 | 63.5 8.5 8 039 | .088| .926| .162 | 67.1 | 71.0 | 623 8.7 9 050| .100| 931 | .169 | 660 | 708 | 61.0 9.8 10 057} .096; .931| .165 | 65.0 } 69.7 | 60.0 9.7 11 050} .091 .928 | 163 | 64.2 | 69.0 | 59.0 | 10.0 ' ’ ! i | | | | The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise tlhe Dry and Wet Bulb. Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at tlie several hours during the month. X¢eVll Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken ab the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1874. Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued). eH 4 ; 45 oe ae “2 ein 3 cea I aa pie beens Pt ch mae ck 1 a Peli.) canal as SS | erases no) D) o [o) GH +> ‘O.H H(t + a 5 6 5 ce 23 |E28 Sts Hour. fs } ne 5 a a "ho i © 2 BB oe Ese Ve 2 (3. | Be | Be | Bee ieee go |i Lie | eS | BS | ge | eee gee o o4 oy oO, o (2) O-n iS =| A IS tan Ss S.A ols S jos 0) 0) fs) Inches!) Te grsh Tite: Mid- night. 59.6 3.9 56.1 7A, 0.459 5.13 1.42 0.78 1 58.9 3.9 55.4 7.4 449 Ol 49 78 3 58.4 3.8 55.0 7.2 442 4.95 34 19 3 57.9 3.6 54.7 6.8 A438 .90 .26 .80 4 57.4 3.5 54.2 6.7 A431 82 22 .80 5 56.9 3.4 53.8 6.5 425 46 me .80 6 56.4 3.3 53.4 6.3 .419 ae a ts 81 if 56.3 3.2 53.4 6.1 .419 Sl 07 82 8 57.5 4.0 53.9 7.8 .426 17 39 a 9 59.3 6.1 54.4, 11.0 434, .80 2.15 .69 10 61.1 8.0 54.7 14.4 .438 .83 95 .62 11 62.3 9.7 54.5 17.5 435 Ys) 3.72 .06 Noon.| 62.6 11.3 54.7 19.2 438 78 4,23 oo 1 63.1 12.3 54.5 20.9 435 ts} 70 .50 2 63.4 12.8 54.4 21.8 434, AO) .96 49 3 63.3 12.9 54.3 21.9 432 .69 67 49 4 62.7 12.3 54.1 20.9 .429 .68 .63 00 5 63.4 10.0 55.4 18.0 .449 .90 3.97 0d 6 63.6 6.9 58.1 12.4 491 5.40 2.73 .66 7 63.0 5.5 58.6 9.9 .499 ol 14 12 8 62.3 4.8 58.5 8.6 .498 .00 1.82 yf) 9 61.5 A.5 57.9 8.1 .488 .40 .68 76 10.12) 60.6 Je i28 57.1 79 | | Avs 27 60 17 1l 60.1 4.1 56.4 7.8 464, 16 03 17 All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. Meteorological Observations. XCiX Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. $ ie ee Winp. | = a ES 2 . S$ us ee a ee Walt s General aspect of the Sky. e| Sa lao irection. 4 oO BS A =a pe vis | ae A 2 o Inches lb | Mile. 1) 1245| ... INbyW,NE&N 70.5! Btoda.m.,\ito8 a.m. Btoll P.M. Slightly foggy at8 &9 p.m. 1 ee N&WNW |... | 26.6 | Bto6a.mM. \Wi to9a. Mm. B to (ll Pp. M. Seat IW N Woe NNW. |). | 403-4 .B. 4| 128.0] .:. NNW ZEN 86.000 BE. 5 PO oe Pi WaWNW. |. |) 667+) B. Solgeo|) 1. 2WSW oN W |.... | 36.5 | B. Foggy from midight to 2 | A.M. & 8toll P.M. 7\ 130.5|- ... NWE&N .. | 37.4! B tg Noon, \ito 6 p. m. B to 1l p.m. Foggy from Midnigt to 3A.M.&6to 11 P.M. 8 125.0| ... INbyW&NbyE ... | 40.2 | B to 6 4, u., Sito 6 pi, B to 11 p. m. Slightly foggy from ‘Midnight to 6 a. M. 9 123.5! ... N by E | 39.9) Bto3 a.m., \i tol0 am., Wi ito 1 p.M., \1 to4 Pp. M., Wi to 6 p.m. B to 11 vp. m. Slightly foggy from 1 to 3.4. mM. & 7 to ll P.M. 1 197.0). N by E nes | O00 | 9 to: Pao w., \ i to. 6uu, mgs to6 Pp. mM. B to 11 Pp. m. Slightly foggy at Midnight & 1 a. um. 11) 120.5 |... NbyE&N | 0.21263) Bto4a.m.Sto7a.m., Wi to Noon B to 11 p.m. Foggy from 8 to 11 P. M. 12) 126.4 |... N&N by W .. |104.5| Bto7 a.m.,\ito4rp. uw. B | to ll p. m. Slightly foggy at 7 & 8 P.M. 2 0570 ie N&N by E oo. jroo bto4 wM., \itolba «mB | ito 2p. M., \1 to 6p. mM. Bto ll P. M. 14, 125.0; ... INby W&N by E| ... | 1902} Btoda.m., \i & Wi to 10 A.M. Btoll p. m. ho §25.8'|- Nby E&N poul¢g.o} ib to & &.™., sito li to aM, \B to 11 P. m. 16 116.0 NNE& WNW... | 146.5| B. Slightly fogeyat5 & 6 a.m. 17\121.0| |. |NW&N by W| ... 4133.3! Chiefly B. \iCirri, —i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ~_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro, cumuli-B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R. rain, D, drizzle. Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, the iw month of December 1874. Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. Max. Solar radiation. — Nc on 127.8 124.0 123.2 123.0 131.5 120.0 133.0 132.5 125.0 126.3 130.0 134.0 132.0 Rain Guage 13 ft. above Ground. Inches WIND. Prevailing direction. NbyE,N& NNW NbyW,NNWAN| ... [ W NW&NN W eN W WNW (SW WNW,WSWé& SW&WNW N by E&N N&NNW [N WSW,SW&Wby ... WbyS&WSW)... WbyN& NW ax. Pressure M 86.0 eee) sy et 92.4 63.4 59.0 76.8 General aspect of the Sky. B tol vp. m., \i to 11 P. m. \i to 2a. M. Bto2 P.M, \a & \_ito ll p.m. Slightly foggy from 8 to 10 Pp. M. \i. Slightly foggy at 8&9 p.m. Bite 5 a-M.,'\a to 7 eae to2p.mM.,\1to6 P.M. Btoll P.M. Slightly foggy at8&9 P.M. B. Foggy from 7 to 11 p. mM. B to 54.M.,\ito8 a.m. B to Noon, \i to 6 p. M. B to 11 P.M. Foggy from Midnight to 5 A. M., & 8 to ll P.M. B. Foggy at Midnight & 1 A.M. & from 7 to 11 P. M. B to2a. m., \Wito7 A. M., NI tol0 a.m. Bto3 P. M., \i tod P.M. Bto ll Pp. mM. Foggy from Midnight to 7 a. M. B to 9 p. m., \1 toll P.M. Shghtly foggy from 7 to 9 P. M. Ni to la. mM. B to 9 a. M., \i to Noon Bto7 p.M.\ ito lle. M. \ni to 7 a. MD Bito ava, Nito5p.m. Bto 11 p.m. Shghtly foggy at9 & 10 p. M. \ni to 2 a. m. B to Noon \i to 3 Pp. M. B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy from 7 to 9 P. M. B. Slightly foggy from 6 to 9 pe ll P. M. \i Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \—i Cirro-strati, ~ i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D. drizzle. Meteorological Observations. cl Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of December 1874. Monrtuty Resuurs. Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month _... w. 80.039 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. Mm. on the 31st ... 30.157 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 3 a.m. on the 26th .». 29.865 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month oa as. 0.292 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures Be uae Hf »» 30.115 Ditto ditto Mun. ditto fe ». 29.983 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month re eeuOnloe | ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month die feet Wed | pt vette OnaL Max. Temperature occurred at 3 ¥. M. on the 30th wed wast. Rotah Min. Temperature occurred at 7 a. M. on the 21st 53.9 Katreme range of the Temperature during the month ee aie. 0) Zou, Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... pe Ec ace) ADEA Ditto ditto Min. ditto, ws se 2 ODE Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., ee 9) Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month 2a) GOs Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.6 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month cat Lee Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew-point jug) MELD Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month seg +e esc. 0.445 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month waa) -4eoe Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation set Dodo Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.67 Oo Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ,,., isc 126.0 Inches. Rained no days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours see wen uae Total amount of rain during the month vaoen ER Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemo- meter during the month ee on NE Prevailing direction of the Wind hes Bod 5 N.W.&N. by E. * Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. Montuty Resvtrts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Dec. 1874, number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained. “UN CW ae a Aq°N Metecr ological Observations, ‘uo UILVAT ~ “tan 4q° ND ‘uo Wey 6 5 31D O19 191910 GH DGD =H IN OD HOD cD oD OD oD [es] CVG G1 OD SH 1d HOD 1D LO OD OD OD | CO CD SH CD 1D 109 LO 10 1 © CO COC OOimiwWwWiwiqsownany 0 AHOHBOOSOSOSOWSO _ "Eb “a Ore AN AwWOoOrROMDOri a) UE) Cp id Os Oia a res VE - PROCEEDINGS AR || ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, JHE JEONORARY PECRETARIES. Hii hihi? « ae . ——=—= — — =—— a / “ SIATIC SOCIETY CALCUTTA>*—2 “The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.’—Siz Wittiam JoNEs. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, POR POS Hee ree cee serene eS soeceeeee 4 rupees, PRIcE PER NUMBER, eek ee eee Sev ke Oe ebecevseevesece 8 anna, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale atthe Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—toN on-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number :—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIIJI, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number, GZ The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is dividedinto two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates. > CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY G. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. Woe 1874. Ss CONTENTS. Page Ordinary Monthly Meeting in January, .. 1 On a Secondary Sexual Characteristic in jae Baplaies. ‘Fabr, ‘By J; Woop-MASON.: “(Title only), 2 i< fast st sies ics ois in oneceeente 2 On the application of Electro-deposition to the Correction of Engray- ed Copper plates. By Caprarn J. WATERHOUSE, ..........0.00 2b. New Burmese Plants, Part IJ. By S. Kunz, (Title only,) ......... 7 Identification of certain tribes mentioned in the Puranas with those noticed in Col. Dalton’s Ethnology of Bengal. By Basu Ran- GALAT BANBBRIT sis 00c" cacsed ales pave ieeaehls Tete HR a ab. Description of a Bachelors’ Hall among the Mikir tribes, Assam. By C. BROWNLOW, ....... Sie 17 Note on the (probable) ena. “of Patepoar’ ead ‘Biaibes nse in Van den Broucke’s Map of Bengal with Fathpur and Jatrapur, in the Jessore Districts. .5.-0.6ceeaiti asec eae ae ee 19 A ADra vy, Ses seh fave tig oie do bes eset eta ero chp oekand copeenier es antes ae 21 Meteorological Observations for December. Notice to Members and Correspondents. The duties of the London Agency of the society will hereafter be carried out by Messrs. Trubner and Co. of 857 & 59, Lud- gate Hill, London, and it is requested that all applications in Europe for the publica- tions of the Society, hitherto made to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, may be ad- dressed to Messrs. Trubner and Co., and that all communications for the Society’ Ss Journal and Proceedings and all books, &C., for the Society’s Library may be sent to the same firm. e ata Cees SP cate | In the Press : oes THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. RA’JENDRALA’LA MITRA. CRED iy CONTENTS. ____ InrRopuctron.— Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek and Persian authors. Part I.—Cuarruz I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter. | Cuaprer I].—Temple architecture,—Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuarter I1].—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. ‘ Cuaprer LVY.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs -deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. _ . CHapter V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Part I1.-—Cuaprer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut~ caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuaprrr I].—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. CuaprEer I1I.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. Cuaprer ITV.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Cuaprer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts, Now ready : The re-issue, in 3 vols., 8vo., 230 accurate copper plates, with text, half morocco, price £5-5-0. FOSSIL FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN; bude 7 he DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BG de REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL BY JOHN LINDLEY, F.R.S., L.8., ann G. 8S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and WILLIAM HUTTON, F.G.S., &. To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made tothe Fossil Flora of Britain since 1837 ; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in LinpiEy and Huvrron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britain. By Wwuttam Carrv- ruers, F.R.S., L.S., and G.S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccapmy, LONDON, W. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, — for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Tribner and Co., b1 &§& 59, Ludgate Hill. BS. AS. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis “Abdul Haq and Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase, 17 4 The Conant of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi; edited by Captain W.N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,... 5 10 The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazl i ’Allami; edited by ‘H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 16 Fase., 4to., at Fe DeAGg ae a 20. 0 The > Alameirndmah, by Muhammad Kézim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khddim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 18 Fasc., at 0-10, ... 2.000.000... So Hecie” The Padishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Léhaurt ; ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase, 12 12 Futth-ush-Sham, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com- Plebe in AM ascienl, ices oar Sood guain aoceselene) ah csir nes ectes 2.6 The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in TYR ro Ree POH ERR cea ET See eis MATa cater o 2 Tarikh i Firdz- Shahi, by Zid i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad | Khan. Complete in 7 Fasc, .......scscsstecces ete ereteceeeereen 4 6 Tarikh i Bathaqi, of Mas’id ; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- | plete 1 in 9 Fase. Aes eet ey TN aay eat henry SISO a Sew ye 5 10 Tabagat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- plete in DM ase CT Os kan ctiysie ara Cin ae ee eter tLe 3 2 The Muntakhab ut- Tawarikh, by Badéoni; edited by Maulawi ~ Agha Abmad ’ Ali. Complete i in LG Waser een ere 9 6 Tabélngenaby ust. ahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete, foy bebe ct tae Soe pet 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir. ‘Published 18 FP aG,; Au OnLO sg ries ce ee arn cee: Leo ae The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann, — M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, A er ais Lovee The Maasir i’ Alamgiri by Muhammad Sagi ; edited by Agha Ahmad "Ali, 6 fase. Complete, With: Indexes yi jc, see eres 4 12 *,* It is requested that comnuunications for the Jowrnal or Proceedings may 6. sent under pouee to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works wre to be addressed in India; or, m Londen. to Messrs. “Tribner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. K° Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. RECENTLY PUBLISHED. Ke By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennabigha, ’Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, “Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ablwardt, meh ee ew Cs ee Sa eee ae {(* _— PROCEEDINGS # || ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, JHE fEONORARY PECRETARIES. s No. Il, FEBRUARY, 1874. ~ till I SEBOE DIEU R CEL RR TERETE DISCOS Hat (F_ancoek seo 20 RA Be yeep tauren : wad, Wiebe Ns eg Fas See il - 1 iN { 1 i pe MAE ED = z= ij a gt — SSB ———— OCIETY CALCUTTA-©&~ “The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.’—Sir WILLIAM JONES. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, sisseesssresvarsercerse soosesee 4 FUPECES, PRICE’ PER. .NUMBER, “(..3.00 tose .-ccce 0d secocvccetsesee, 8 ADNAS, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number. Ge The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Journal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates. CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY G. H, ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. \se 1874, ye], ee ee HO TH) CONTENTS. Page Business of the Annual Mecting, {..i0.isccsscss.0se;cveeetevevetesuay sites i ee Annual Report, ...,....... Sag Noose Bey aay Pe paeed we hg Election of Officers and Meters of Comet Ge 187: 4, veneed eee 38 President's Address 36 sc i ecdes uakeuteoveeeeteth ec rces meer ane 39 Ordinary Monthly Meeting, for February, ......+00.sss00..-sescoseseres 56 Letter from Mr. E. V. Westmacott, on the Identification of Ancient : Towns in Benpaly 0c 724, «ataedens fas caver ke peapicenee ee y.esests 57 On the Theory of Duplex Telography, By L. ScHwenpier, Esq. (Abstrapt) "2.2. 0,0. sect seve tees Olek sa eres ts 58 BADLY er ee rere ese ye as odin i yecbat ts cee eure es Ome Tame aces Ueda rays 59 List of Members of the Society to 31st December, 1873. (Appendix) i Statement of Accounts for 1873. (Appendix), xi Meteorological Observations for January, 1874. Notice to Members and Correspondents. The duties of the London Agency of the Society will hereafter be carried out by Messrs. Trubner and Co. of 57 & 589, Lud- gate Hill, London, and it is requested that all applications in Europe for the publica- tions of the Society, hitherto made to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, may be ad- dressed to Messrs. Trubner and Co., and that all communications for the Society’s Journal and Proceedings and all books, &c., for the Society’s Library may be sent to the same firm. In the Press: THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA, RA’JENDRALA’LA MITRA. CONTENTS. IntTRODUOTION.— Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek and Persian authors. * ‘Part I.—Cuarrer I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter. CuaptEr I1.—Temple architecture-—Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuarrer I1I.—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, fimials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. Cuaprrer IV.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &e. : . CuaptEer V.—Religion. © Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Part IL.-—Cuarrer I.— Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuaprer I1.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. Cuarter I{I.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. - Cuapter I1V.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Cuaprer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— ~ Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasoré. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. Now ready : The re-issue, in 3 vols., 8vo., 230 accurate copper plates, with text, half morocco, price £5-5-0. THE FOSSIL FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN ; ORs? As FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VEGETABLE REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL STATE IN THIS COUNTRY. BY JOHN LINDLEY, F. R.S., L.S., ann G. S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and WILLIAM HUTTON, F.G.S., &c. To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain since 1837 ; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in Liyptey and Hourron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britain. By Wttt1sM Carru- vHERS, F'.R.S., L.S., and G,S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccapmiy, LONDON, W. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS — OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited . by Maulawis “Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase, 17 4 The Conquest of Syria, commonly aseribed to Waqidi; edited by Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,..0.000.0 0.0000... 0. 5 10 The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 16 Fasc., 4to., at R. 1-4, ....../.000.. eae BOA Os The ’Alamgirnémah, by Muhammad K4zimibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. © Complete with Index in 13 Fasce., at 0-10, 00... 2.0.00, ae 4 The PAdishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase., 12 12 Futth-ush-Shim, by Mir Isma’il; edited by Captain Lees. Com- plete In. 4c: Wascieuly, (es Sees reeks oe aes te ce eae Se cua nats 2 8 The Maghdzi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in : BR ASC eee r coy seins Boe ttnd ge sae we peta Bally Paid ae mab pate rena 3 Tarikh i Firtiz-Shahi, by Zia i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Complete:in 7: Mase; 5 ar ee cae Ue e wc Cenons 4 6 Tarikh i Baihagi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- — plete im. O. Masey oe io sy sche recas pysuk Teaeene cs Gs eee vr aoe 5 10 Tabaqat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- ‘ plete mn 5 Masta ro Secs opps end Oe eae ee eee Oe Rew. The Muntakhab ut-Tawarikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Aghés Ahmad’ Ali... Complete in. 15 Fase, ypc tee 9 6 IqbdInémahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis *Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,........0..0.500..... 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir.:,Published 18 Fasc;cat 0-10; (here eee eee en AB Sick: The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann, | M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, .......;. 12 4 The Maasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad ‘Alt, 6 fase. Complete,-with Index}. io. 5.5.5 eee ne 4 12 *,* It is requested that communications for the Jowrnal or Proceedings may be sent.under cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or, in London, to Messrs. Tritbner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, Authors of papers are requested to. send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. RECENTLY PUBLISHED. ts By Messrs. Tribner and Co., Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennabigha, "Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY. OF BENGAL, EDITED BY JHE fLONORARY PECRETARIES. Nos. II, & IV. MARCH & APRIL, 1874. UE LRT ME sary gues UE SE Oe hin + *; T + .§'The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by uature.”—Sir WILLIAM JONES, ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, eel BEGUM) aad Nba arene de’ ocuvavacs o4 rupees, PRICE PER NUMBER, feered 88S 88S OH seereeter tenses 8 annas, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to N on-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number, t= The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowmal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates, CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY G. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, 74, 1874 weed CONTENTS. Ordinary Monthly Meeting, in March, 1.0.5. c.csscss.0 000 esecetssecesas Lists of the Members of Committees, .........c0esscoeevecee Weise tavass Remarks by Mr, H. Blochmann on some inscriptions received from General Cunningham and Mr. Delmerick,...... 00.02. -.ceeetesecues Exhibition by Col. Hyde of two specimens of wrought iron io weee Crystalline Struciure, 00082. e os pubases cess tigahagr oie ease Exhibition by Mr. Schwendler of a Crow’s Nest made of baloiraph WING, ys hoe tale sc cfeabape pk tekeee dior x gibt $aee aii poetic Mavetous stata: Observations on some Indian and Burmese species of Za ionye. By W.. THEOBALD. eGO4's bet ots ieee as (ee een Coase yore On the discovery of a super-orbital chain of bones in the Arboricole (Wood Partridges). By J. Woop-Mason, Esq. (Title only), Description of New Marine Mollusca from the Indian Ocean. By Messrs G. and H. Nevitxn. (Title only),..3....... wipe deoaaeee s Announcement of the death of Edward Blyth, v.20... ccc eccccece sees Acc Library, COT CHER TH HSE HOE PEC HHSC EOE ET HOP OHTHEEEHEH HEE CORO HCOE HO OH GO bee cet Ordinary Monthly Meeting, in April, Proposed changes in the Bye-laws of the Society,... Mr. Blochmann’s remarks on a rare Coin of Mahmiid cha Aiaheniiad Shah ibn Tughlug Shah, received from Mr. Delmerick 3 Peesenceen Account by Dr. G. Biihler of his recent tour through Western Raj- ; putana in search-of Sanskrit: MSS, io tty ae ee Observations on Indian Files. By SungnON-Masor i. DAY; (Title only), ......... Notes on New Bengal Tine aot tes’ fro om Mr. ie y. Wet macott, C. 8. By H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A. (Abstract), ... On the occurrence of Tupai Hilioti. Waterhouse, in the sds Hills, Central Provinces. By V. Batu, Esq., ..........0; On an Ancient Perforated Stone found in the oe Hills, By v. BAL, ESQ. 3 ieee tases ASMA G sci ccc stay Library, Meteorological Oiaretone a ebro api March,” Page pea rte ene Dy phe Breit THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA, roids ENDRALALA MITRA. es ae CONTENTS. - Iytro RODUCTION.—Orisea, its names, boundary, early. notices in Sanskrit, Greek and Persian authors. Parr I—Cuaprer IL.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter, ‘ r | eis II. fe le architecture-—Orissa, Jain and. Bengali temples, their characteristics. eiee Cuaprer ITI. —Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, gael spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and : ; sculptures. Onaprer LY. eo Btaip of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, _ horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arnfs, armour, flags, musical ~ instruments, &c. _ Cuarter V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Parr Ti.-—Cuaprer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of ‘Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagivri. CHAPTER IL—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. Cuaprer I11.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. ; . Cuaprer LV.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. CHAPTER V. —Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— _ Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. ee ae «| | - Now ready : | The re-issue, in 3 vols., 8vo., 280 accurate copper plates, with text, half galasetid price £5-5-0. | THE FOSSIL tan OF GREAT BRITAIN: OR, : FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VEGETABLE REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL STATE IN THIS COUNTRY. BY JOHN LINDLEY, F.R.S., L. S., ann G. 8S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and | WILLIAM HUTTON, F. G.S., &e. To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain since 1837; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in Linpiey and Hvrron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britain. By Wutt1am Carnv- mHeRS, F.R.S., L.S., and G.S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Aluscum. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccapuy, LONDON, W, LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., b7 § 59, Ludgate Hill. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited — by Maulawis "Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase, 17. 4 The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi; edited by Captain W. N. Lees. . Complete in two Vols.,......... 0c. ess 00s 5 10 The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 16 Fasc., 4to., at R. 1-4... eee 20. 0 The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 15. Wasc. At 0-10; =e aeaeey ces 8 2g The Padishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis x Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase, 12 12 Futth-ush-Sham, by Mir Isma‘il; edited by Captam Lees. Com- ? plete ist ACP aseicuny ees garies oes cr aie tea yh restaahese toes Pie) The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in By ABC: 5) os sane Thies Sotecoa de awison eee a aL mmr TE eee 3222 Tarikh i Firtiz-Shahi, by Zia i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Complete ‘in*7 Mase sos ne ae ee ees AG. Tarikh i Baihaqi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- plete iin QAfast) noe. caus ccnngavesyennev micas gua Gia te mum teeta 5 10 Tabagat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- plete in 5 Fasce., ...... sidsguepe Pelt cian das te ok Weeoee eee Larue 3. 2 The Muntakhab ut-Tawarikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali.. Complete in 15 Fase., 0.00... ie see 9.456 Iqb4lnamahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan; edited by Maulawis , ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali, Complete,.........0.0:...0..4. 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir’; Published 18 Wase.; at 0-10; Siete mete ea | The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann, M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, ......... 12 4 The Maasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad rAd G tasc. Complete, with indexsrs:2 2, 5. sceie cs (de ees 4 12 *,* It is requested that communications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent under cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or, 1 London, to Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 8 or 4 octavo pages of letter-~ press. ; RECENTLY PUBLISHED. Ks" By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Enndbigha, Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt. ey oe ees PROCEEDINGS ¥ OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, EDITED BY JHE JEONORARY PECRETARIES. No. V. MAY, 1874. COMY betel ——— “The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.”—Siz WILLIAM JONES. : ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, 000600 060 toe 06 2de SORES vecteeeee 4, rupees, PRICE PER NUMBER, © ..210s scoce -0r00 00 concseveseseves 8 ANNA. Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to N on-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number, Gas" The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is dividedinto two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates, CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY @. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. o | 1874, Se Py) CONTENTS. Ordinary Monthly Meeting in May, ........ ......s008-- eae eee Remarks by Mr. H. Blochmann on some Pi aPnGong eeceniee from General Cunningham and Messrs. Atkinson and James, ......... New species of Birds exhibited and characterised by Mr. A. O. Fume, CBr eaten 5 ends eee sea e sid cece ne eee cok beaks “ Notes on a hoard of 543 Sassanian Coins in the possession of Col. H. Hyde, R. EK. By the Hon. EH. C. Bayrey, C.S.1I. (Title . ODL), eee ies ewes basse iss cose UU Aasy eonle a eere sai Oiecmnet aeba ures Memorandum on the Operations of the Archzological Survey for season 1873-74. By Masor-Grunrrat A. Cunninguam, R. E., C. 8. L, Fourth list of Birds, principally from the Naga Hills and Manipur, including others from the Khasi, Garo, and Tipperah Hills. By Masor H. H. Boy eee F.R.G.S., F. Z.8., Title only, DAPPALy ye cs pe. Pate ees saan aio vaece onaestatss 4 as bac'aabya) wVeVasiead eek say o eves Meteorological Observations for March. 108 wb. 116 117 In the Press: _ THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. RA‘JENDRALA‘LA MITRA, fap CONTENTS. _ Inrropuctton.— Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek and Persian authors. : Pazgr I.—Cuaprer I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter. CuApter I1.—Temple architecture,—Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuarter JI1J.—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. ; Cuapter [Y.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs _ deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. ; Cuaprer V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Part IT.-——Cuaprer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of A Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuapter [1.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. CuHaprer I1T.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. Cuapter 1[V.— Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Carrer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. : The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. Now ready: The re-issue, in 3 vols., 8vo., 230 accurate copper plates, with text, half morocco, price £5-5-0. THE FOSSIL FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN; OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VEGETABLE REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL STATE IN THIS COUNTRY. BY JOHN LINDLEY, F. R.S., L.S., ann G. S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and WILLIAM HUTTON, F.G.S., &e. To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain since 1887 ; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in Linpiey and Hurron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britain. By WittiamM Canrrv- THERS, F.R.S., L.S., and G.S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccapisty, LONDON, W. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., 57 § 59, Ludgate Hull. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis ’Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase, 17 4& The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Wagqidi; edited by Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,..............-.0.045 5 10 The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 16 Fasc., 4to., at R. 1-4, 2....0....00.. 20 O The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 18 Fase., at 0-10, ...0.. 00.0... 6. 2 The Padishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase., 12 12 Futih-ush-Sham, by Mir Isma’il; edited by Captain Lees. Com- plete tnd: Fasciculis sso ciate cen sites ses ats crs CeCv ei tke ete 2 8 The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in By ARC. ore SEE Bee OT cee Wad ee ace ee gee Ba 3. 2 Tarikh i Firiz-Shahi, by Zi4 i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan. «Complete -im,7! Maseiy ee ties ss ca en ee a 4 6 Tarikh i Baihagi, of Mas’id ; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- plete: in O:Wase. oy seh. cer isy aie vere oper sere elie Om ieee Hoe 5 10 Tabaqat i Nagiri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- plete ins DNase. cy serge nce yon. V ac ccruteens Sveliends aan ea coned aU 3. 2 The Muntakhab ut-Tawdrikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Aghd Ahmad ’Ali. Complete in 15 Fase., 0.0.0.0... eee eee 9 66 Iqb4ln4mahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis *Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,..............0 00.008 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam QAdr..: Published: 18 Fase. at O10 ss er eee ee 8 ee | The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann, M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, ......... 12. 4 The Maéasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Sadi ; edited by Agha Ahmad ’Alf, 6 fase. Complete, with Index, ..0 0.0.0. fgei te cic ccedacene 4 12 *,* It is requested that communications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent under cover tothe Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc,., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed im India; or, im London, to Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. (> Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. RECENTLY PUBLISHED. fe By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennabigha, Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt. RS. AB a ee ee 3 Sd te (et PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, EDITED BY JHE PEONORARY PECRETARIES. { ali LT 1G War — Se * SOCIETY CALCUTTA -* ©The bounds of its investigation will be the ‘geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whateveris performed by man or produced by nature.”—S1m WILLIAM JONES, ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, FR COR Oe ree eee cee tee SS eounteseoe 4, rupees, PRICK PER IDVUMEBR, “.)ves 5055 +0448 ae cacvelevctecees) | 8 ANNQR. Spare Numbers of Vols, XII to XXII of the Journal on gale at the Society’s ‘Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to Non- Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number. 28" The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible; after every monthly meeting, and of the Journal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates. CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY G. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1874 | ye/, DD CONTENTS. Page Ordinary Monthly Meeting in June,.., WisWeesseeikesneveniy cane wo deme Memorandum by E. T. Atkinson, Esq., C. S. aucopatan a set of photographs of the Ruins of oe near soe in the Allahabad District, ab, Extract from Mr. Burnell’s Ge otle on Soaks Copies of Taine LNScripbiONns, «, -tsscssbegecanerars ep ees be scee this Sleeves seen en eT ste ee 125 Circular of H. M.’s Commissioners of the London Tee itional Ex- hibition regarding the formation of an Ethnological and Geo- praphical Collections. : tm scts.s ca nau res hice eis Cav alads Cus patie ieee, de 127 On the Portuguese Settlements in India. By T. W. H. Torzorrt, Esq., C. S.. (ixtracts),........... tee OSU ES Pee RE oe 128 On Earth Currents. By L. SchwEenpiErR, Esq. (Abstract), ...... 141 Additions to the Library, § 3403.5) erect GG ss evades apis ibitetion Cleon cd nee Ordinary Monthly Meeting in July, ............... ete PU er ery: 151 Announcement of the death of Dr. F. Stoliczka, late Natural His- tory Secretary of the Society, ...... suase Chios eeckass esaub crtae Fa gene 152 Additions to the Library, ..........ssececeesss Ute vees cu suunedas cia: ib Ge hoe Meteorological Observations for April and May. ERRATA. Proceedings for March, 1874, p. 72, 1. 22, for uncle read father. Ditto for May, 1874, p. 100, note, for Carlyle read Carlleyle. Ditto for May, 1874, p. 106, note, Substitute—‘ Tuyah’ is the name of an Afghan tribe. In the Press: THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. RAVENDRALA‘LA MITRA. CONTENTS, IntTRODUCTION.— Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek - and Persian authors. Parr I.—Cuaprer I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter. Carrer II.—Temple architecture-—Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuarrer II1.—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. ‘ “ Cxapter IV.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. hs Cuapter V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Part IJ.-—Cuaprer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuapter I1.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. | Cuaprer III1.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. - Cuaprer 1V.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Cuaprer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 800 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. Now ready : The re-issue, in $3 vols., 8vo., 280 accurate copper plates, with text, half morocco, price £5-5-0. THE FOSSIL FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN; OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VEGETABLE REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL STATE IN THIS COUNTRY. BY JOHN LINDLEY, F.R.S., L.S8., anv G. S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and WILLIAM HUTTON, F.G.S., &. To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain since 1837 ; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in LinpiEy and Hurron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britain. By Wiitam Carrvu- THeERs, F'.R.S., L-S., and G.S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccapitty, LONDON, W. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., d7 & 59, Ludgate Hill. : Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis ’Abdul Haq and ‘Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase, 17 4 The Conquest. of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi ; edited by ~ Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.....0. ee The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- | mann, M.A., published 16 Fasc., 4ito., at R. 1-4, 2.00... ~6©20.. (0 The ’Alamgirnamah, by Muhammad Kazimibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 13 Fasc., at 0-10, 22.2.0... 0.0 S202 The PAdishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fasc, 12 12 Futth-ush-Shim, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com- PlEte JN Al, MASCIOUML ys ss hay ie te ea eee erred see TONG nies el ere 2a 3 The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in 5 Uy: Ppa eae ea Bot ECE Paste ey Ain S ART ROE, Cy an TENG ae care ee e g 8022 Tarikh i Firdz-Shahi, by Zia i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan: *. Complete: in 7 Wane... 0h eit es ee eA oar 4 6 Tarikh i Baihagi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- pletevin: 9. Mase. $55.22 28 reer ities snene donc Cag hon veo earners 5 10 Tabagat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- plete in Wace: cc siya, Aaya tee euee saree uate ee na cecis ommenee Be 2 The Muntakhab ut-Tawdrikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Aghé Ahmad Ali. Complete in 15 Fase., 00.0006. ec cececeecas 29 275 Iqbalnémahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali: Complete,...6.00.. 00.0.0... 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir,” Published 18 Hasc.. at 0-10, 010 ie ee ae Lee The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated. into English, by H. Blochmann, | M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, ......... 12 4 The Maasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Sadi ; edited by Agha Ahmad tANI, 6 fase. Complete with iudexy: hc) eis ee iicaeiiae ues. 4 12 *.* It is requested that commumications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent wnder cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or, vv London, to Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. | RECENTLY PUBLISHED. > By Messrs. Tribner and Co.; Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabie poets, Enndbigha, Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt. EG oe | xy DO ee PROCEEDINGS © eo OF THE | ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, EDITED BY JHE JIONORARY SECRETARIES. Nos. VIII. AUGUST, 1874. <= eS SaaS SSS SSS —— = — MUSEUM ASIATIC SOCIETY | | * The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and | | within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.”—Sir WILLIAM JONES. ANNUALS SUBSCRIPTION, = viviae ser deste heres ced oboe ee 4. rupees, PRIcE PER NUMBER, @aetee sere “#9 6O OE seeteneeeese vee 8 annas, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers,at 1 R. per Number;—to N on- Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number :—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number, Gas The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Journal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY G. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1874. of ye] pel | ey) CONTENTS. Ordinary Monthly Meeting in August, .. devcnreaigiys olor anteust Extraordinary Meteor observed at the Niiobits: SiaiNaT, Remarks by the Hon. E. C. Bayley, C.8. I., on a Gone of Ghiyas-_ ud-din A’zam: Shahje y.cigs.cptiay ss vat css ap sevens sees sen smeeure cniwes Mr. Blochmann’s Translations and notes to readings of Inscriptions received from Mr. TD. W..Beale, Agra 22020, fens scec eres Exhibition of drawings of Blind Crustaceans with abstract of remarks thereon by J. Woop-Mason, ye pases Note on Zrictenotoma Children, Gray! By 7 W600 Masnas: page Proposed Memorial to the late Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1.0.2... ..ccseeccaceveee Note on a Picture representing the taking of Palamau by Daiad Khan, Aurangzib’s General. By Cou. E. T. Danton, C. S. I.,. Note on the site of Fort Ekdalah, Panduah, Dinajpar District. By HV. Wesrmacort, Hsg.. OnSs, as ease sabs core cesar ee Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora. By S. Kurz, Esq. (Title Only arr eae Descriptions of nine species of Aycan fon hae oo ae Naph Hills. By Mason H. H. Gopwiy-Ausren, F.G.S., F. Z. S. (Tithe onli} 2 vere. ie aaeea es cis eea eee re ee yada Necsvane eres Note on the Composition of the Calcutta CoalGas. By Aes rode PROLER, AI0., WCB sven ssve eee cigs set iee ost ase o een Notes on the Barah Bhuyas of Eastern Bengal. By Dr. J. Wisn, Library,... uae ca atshonpndsvesdesdesiarMentay ie tacise Atcantntopical Oleauacis rs re une. Page 155 156 157 180 181 182 ib. ab. 183 187 a Be See eee —_ In the Press: THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. “3 RA’JENDRALA‘LA MITRA. = Fab _ CONTENTS. _ Iyrropucrion.— Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek rid and Persian authors. ~ Parr I.—Cuaprer I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- Z ter. CnarterR I1.—Temple architecture——Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuaprer III.—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. . Cuaprer L[V.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. | Cuapter V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Part I1.-—Cuaprer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuapter I1.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. Cuaprer II1.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. . Cuapter [V.— Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Cuaprer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. Now ready : The re-issue, in 3 vols., 8vo., 230 accurate copper plates, with text, half morocco, price £5-5-0. THE FOSSIL FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN; ? OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VEGETABLE REMAINS FOUND IN A FOSSIL STATE IN THIS COUNTRY. BY JOHN LINDLEY, F. R.S8., L.S., ann G. S. Professor of Botany, University College, London ; and WILLIAM HUTTON, F.G.S., &e. ' To the above will be added a SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, price 20s, containing Figures and Descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain since 1837 ; together with a Critical Examination of the Species in Liypiey and Hurron’s Classic Work, and a Synopsis of all the known Fossil Plants of Britam. By Wi14m Carrv- nHERS, F.R.S., L.S., and G.S., Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum. BERNARD QUARITCH 15 Piccapinty, LONDON, W. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., b1 & 59, Ludgate Hill. 3 Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Hdited : by Maulawis "Abdul Hag and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fase., 17 4 The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi; edited by - Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,....0/...-... 01. Pee) The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 16 Fasce., 4to., at R. 1-4, 0.00. ec... 20.1.0 The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 18 Fase., at 0-10, ...... 00.0... eee. Bex. 2 The Padish4hnamah, by ’Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase., 12 12 Futth-ush-Sham, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com- plete in Ac PAseIbUI ie tee per e aeear Ge ted lee en cah orks Pie 5 3 The Maghazi of Waqidi ; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in ae Ee g ea yes Pp lee Op ee a eM Sr Ped BEES 8 PA on! Térikh i Firtiz-Shahi, by Ziyéi Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan. «Complete in 7 Wesci fii a et ees eee teas 4 6 Tarikh i Baihagqi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- plete in O Pagene che a ok mn easitncr metus, deter anancens ae eB 3 One Tabaqdt i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- plete. im, 5 Wane. 3) ci. io cies eset rea Vip eet nse ee tae co Ae Onn The Muntakhab ut-Tawdrikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Aghé Ahmad Ali’ - Complete'in 15 Fase., 0.00.0... ee. 9 6 IqbaInamahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,....0.... 000... 0.504. 1. 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir... Published. 18 Pase:s at O-1Qi os ret aoe ll 4 The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by. H. Blochmann, : M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, ......... 12. 4 - The Maéagir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad *A1n°%6 fase. Complete; with lndex, <0. i eee 4 12 *,* It is requested that communications for the Jownal or Proceedings may be sent under cover tothe Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or, in London, to Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 5 59, Ludgate Hill, f° Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. RECENTLY PUBLISHED. f= By Messrs. Tribner and Co., Ludgate Hill, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennabigha, Antara, Tarafa Zuhair, “Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt, | |at 1-8 Rs. per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, EDITED..BY JHE JIONORARY pPECRETARIES. : Leng Wineeete iD er eeEeES ite | \ ‘The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature,”—Siz WILLIAM JONES, ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, sissessss-eereacorensee casssssse 4 PUPS, PRICE PER NUMBER, meapee sense 16800 Se eseconesesesece. O apnas, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 RB. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs, per Number. tas The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &., Part If to Natural Science; each part is Separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates, CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1874, CONTENTS. Ordinary Monthly Meeting held in November, 1874, ........0..:000+0 Geographical Congress to be held in Paris in 1875, .........sc0seceeseee Alterations in the Society’s Bye-laws, ......... Remarks of the President on the early Seno of. the Society’ s ne DERTYs oes erect hities Changes in the Looe at oe staff of the Roselyn: Feeechnre cease sues Discovery at Chittagong of a copper plate, presented by Mr. A. L. CLAY; Oo coe aise ceckaag ivencar es thes voles event Lieu Mr. Blochmann’s remarks on three coins exhibited by the Pivadent, Exhibition of a Persian MS. with Shahjahan’s autograph, ...... Mr. Blochmann’s translations and notes on Inscriptions from A’erah, Sikandrah, and Narnaul, wz. Agrah Fort—Akbar’s Tomb at Sikandrah—Mosque of Zainuddin, the historian of Babar’s reign, at Kachparwa—Sarai at eitei ks Historical notes on Narnaul and the rebellion of the Satnam sect, .. Beh sry fr . 209 to Inscriptions from Burhanptr and A’sir, received from Major-General A. Cunningham, ©. 8. 750.0). 333. -. Notes on Shah Ismé’il Ghézi, Rangpur. Sie. a. H. Danan, B. a Mo igi pecetgetieeece ua cets Bere eee Pe cecdepevttsbareds ous uk eetenas On the Petapie of Jaysagar, Upper A’sam. By J. M. Ble FR, s. A., Navid, A’saim fyi ot a vicebek sb setdencoieeiscts deitseshadves Sats On the Supposed Identity of the Greeks with the Yavanas of the Sanskrit Writers. By RAJENDRALALA MITRA, ... .c0.e.ccese. ove Remarks on the preceding by Hon’ble H. C. Bayley, ......... costes eee Natural History Communications, received from J. Wood-Mason, W. E. Brooks, and Major Godwin-Austen, .........cevcessecesceee Additions to the Society’s Library,... Sie Ce Re te ears Meteorological Observations for peptouiber and October. 226 227 227 228 228° 229 229 230 In the Press: THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. RA’JENDRALA’LA MITRA. CONTENTS. IntRoDUCTION.—Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Greek and Persian authors. sare I.—Cuapter I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- er. . _ Cxaprer II.—Temple architecture Orissa, Jain and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Carter I1].—Architectural details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. __ Carrer 1V.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. Cuarter V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. ‘Pant Il.—Crarrer I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Cuapter II.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. Cuapter I1T.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and its neigh- bourhood. - Cxaprer IV.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Cuarter V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society's Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., b1 §& 59, Ludgate Hill. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis "Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fasc., The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi; edited by Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.). <0 0.00. ...cc ee aee The Ain i Akbari, by Abul Fazli ’Allami, edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A.; published 16 Fasce., 4to., at R. 1-4,............... The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete with Index in 18 Fasc., at 0-10, 0.00.0 so eee ec ee The Padishahnamah, by ’Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fasc., Futtth-ush-Sham, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com- pléte.in de Wasciculign ce Serie ear tes ave atau sexe sen es oe owarce vas The Maghazi of Wagqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in Sb i ol Seon Ny er Oe ARs ae NL hy SRM NR a Sales AAR as Tarikh i Firiz-Shahi, by Ziya i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan: Oomplete in 7 Nast. !3 213 cron cesta eeoee ce ees eee Tarikh i Baihaqi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- pleta-in 9 Fase., ice Ss cites. sega a Waren ceret ar ioc Pome) tones d Tabaqdt i Nagiri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- aya) caip Linge Oe Cb ne ten en eer stein LA aetna Do. Do. ‘Translated from MSS. into English by Major H. G. Raverty..” Published 4. Wane! ctor peer cee The Muntakhab ut-Tawarikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete in '15 Fase., ....0.00. 60.6. ec ces ccs Iqbd4Indmahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis ’Abdulhai and Aghé Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,..........6......0.0. Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir: .. Complete m 18 Mase; ab O10. eee ee ee The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated imto English, by H. Blochmann, M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. I, complete, ......... The Maéasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad ’Ali, 6 fasc. Complete, with Index,...... PES ey se napa sober RS. AS. 7 4 5 10 20 0 g§ 2 12 12 2 8 38 2 4 5 10 3 2 4 0 9 6 1 14 Wl 4 12 4 4 12 *,* Tt is requested that communications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent under cover tothe Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works wre to be addressed in India; or, im London, to Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 J 59, Ludgate Hill. Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. PROCEEDINGS OF THE || ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, EDITED BY JHE JIONORARY PECRETARIES. No. X. DECEMBER, 1874. (With Index.) ADs Mold Me AS BL r SS SS SS SS ae ES = > — de t ft is a (ase SSS Sa “The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.”’—Sirx WILLIAM JoNEs. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, wicsecsee ceterssveseee seovecsee 4 TUDEES, PRICE PER NuMBER, Seeeee she FOG Oe coe reseds nat vee 8 annas, Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number, G2" The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of ‘| the Journal, the annual volume of which is divided into two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates. CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY C. B, LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1874. CONTENTS. Ordinary Monthly Meeting held in December, 1874, ...see..c005 Muhammadan Silver coins received from W. Duruorr, Esq., C. 8S... Note on two apparently undescribed species of Goat. from Northern India and a new species of Dove from the Nicobar Islands. By ALLAN O; 220MM, Oi abate eae ve CASS ee se tn oles, oe Description of a new species of Helicide, of the genera Beles and Achatina, from the Khasi Hills and Manipur. By Masor GODWIN-AUSTEN, I, Z. S. (title only); Sissi se5 eset ae Notes on the Transit of Venus of 1874. By Caprain W. M. Camp- BELL, R. H., communicated by Caprarn J. WATERHOUSE, .... Extracts from a Tule from W.H. Datu, U. S. Coast Survey to Rev. C. H. A. Dau, M. A., Calcutta, on the Operations of the Us 8. Cogst. Sirversd e724 oo rca. beeen ee ntes rede n eon e Tibrary; 4 sige sce pak ee a MN eae vend KEATS SSB ei ree eet + ce Index to the Proceedings, 1874, Citas eRe Cie (eee ee Meteorological Observations for Noyember and December. Page 239 ab, 240 241 wb. 245 249 258 In the Press: THE ANTIQUITIES OF ORISSA. RA’JENDRALA‘LA MITRA, CONTENTS. Inrropuctron.—Orissa, its names, boundary, early notices in Sanskrit, Gree and Persian authors. Part I.—Cuarrer I.—Indian architecture, its history, division and charac- ter, Cuirrer II.—Temple architecture,—Orissa, Jam and Bengali temples, their characteristics. Cuarrer I11.—Architectural. details, foundations, piers, pillars, pilasters, roofs, towers, spires, finials, cornices, mouldings, niches and sculptures. | ‘Cuaprer 1V.—State of civilisation among the ancient Uriahs deducible from their sculptures. Cloth, dress, ornaments, furniture, horse and elephant trappings, cars, waggons, arms, armour, flags, musical instruments, &c. CHaprer V.—Religion. Buddhism, Sivaism and Vaishnavism. Parr I1.-—Cuaprur I.—Antiquities of Khandagiri. Rock-cut caves of Udayagiri ; caves, temples and tanks of Khandagiri. Carrer I1.—The temples and tanks of Bhuvanesvara. Cuaprer I[T.—Temples and sacred places of Puri and. its neigh- bourhood. Cuapter TV.—Black Pagoda, Kenarak. Carrer V.—Antiquities of Cuttack and its neighbourhood ;— Darpan, Alti, Jajepur and Balasore. The work, which will extend to about 300 pages folio, will be profusely illustrated with photographs, lithographs, and woodcuts. Wt Bee ; ; MBX yt ee LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE © ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, jor sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 57, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Trubner and Co., b7 § 59, Ludgate Hill. Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 23 Fasc., The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi; edited by Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in ‘two Vols.,. The Kin j i Akbari, by Abul Fazli ’Allami, edited by ‘Hi. Bloch- mann, M. A.; published 16 Fasce., 4to., at R. 1-4)....0...0 0.000. The ‘Alamgir ndmah, by Muhammad Kézim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai, Complete with: Index in 15° Fase., at 0-10, fc ae The PAdish4hnamah, by ’Abdulhamid i ‘Léhaunt ; ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 19 Fase., Futth-ush-Sham, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com- Pus 1 Ae FapCCUl ages vest cas erneuscecis eo seehtneso tee c el vat aes The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in Be PBS. peer see as ee ees Was as Sug romana nea. Pe ey Tarikh i Firdz- Shahi, by Ziyéi Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Complete in 7 Fasc, .........:0. cect ees eeeeeeeee Tarikh i Baihaqi, of Mas’ad ; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com- plete 91D Wage re eee ae eee tee GOT FEN Warne Tabaqét i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com- PIGUS AT DB. PASC as cstenct Pee oan aoe tks Caras eteet sie ea tak Do. Do. ‘Translated from MSS. into mee by Major H. G. Raverty. Published 4 Fasce., ..... The Muntakhab ut-Tawarikh, by Badaont ; edited by” Maulawi Agha Ahmad ‘Ali. Complete i Wn. 1: AR es Ue Oe ce ae Iqgbalnamahi J ahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete, SAR Meese ee SS Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam Qadir. ‘Complete i in 18; fase, at 0-20 ee ae The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated iat Enelish, by H. Blochmann, M. A.—Seven Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., Vol. i complete, ss Baa The Maasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad -A lt, 6 fase: Complete, wath: Index, sc 35, ssc iuetce vere cs ot RS. AS 17 4 5 10 20. -0 fo een 12 12 2.e8 a 62 4 6 5 10 a. 62 4 0 9G 1 14 11 4 12. 4 4 12 *,* It is requested that communications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent under calor to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or, m London, to Messrs. "Triibner and Oo., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press. = , \ 7 * & Sie | { ’ Sh a ‘oe ¥ ~~ a a Be ee se ,*? ’ Lin