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Pe, See eed fat alaxt wal nd” teuhesOriapre nn AR yon Ru at ee tes, PR ot tee eee Ce ete antane ~hmalett lt ee EMO mee ote o- ene ot ated nV a Wiles Ee REE ment ve ln tin Vie ha RENE ONE NON ghee ot teed he iW em 0 Pat CMR niles oa ee vine we aan ede Pl at gt ST coer rete) fa cn" mtn Be en the ee etree ene ee ee wwee “Oe Net eee te apna a galing ane Mh ate pal aM ak anne Preeiben ss Cae SSE gay Mea an) ee Oy a (op) cae =< [ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NVINOSHLINS Saiuvugi7z_LIBR ” Fak “we (op) aa w” 2 Foss 1 = cE id = < = = ae = = = : \ 2 : 5 23 i ty S | es p oe Y 2 : 2 = 2 = a = 2, = >" = , = 77) Fs 7) Z 7) SSNI_ NVINOSHLINS _LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILf za e z & F ek - a . BEX, wn a (7p) ae par 2s = oo ee oc = Ae = 3 = pS 5 oo = (O:- — Mm an @) suas e) = = = z ~! z= - IES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SA3IYVEUSIT LIBR =. anal r= S - z a : = Bs Ae = . = SM 7 tea) A a aA - GLY st Ie io! = be a ar 2 m g ; LSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYNGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILE a w = ae n” Zz ie wn. << = aS = < ‘ —< ki 2 + he Sj > = y a e g 2 B = a E Z = a = > as = ; > S > wn za Tp) * Ps 7p) z 1ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI RE a s8 2 us a u Z i 2 ei = e = : : %, < Cc ad = mo Oe ao Sab NS) 5 a) EN a a a e =: Sg 2: SNI S3IY¥VHEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILE c z r EES os zZ w a 100] = “ ow - = = = > fi ou = 0 & oa = UP 9 0 = : z e Ce D wn = W od w z 1ES) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1YVvudit ” wn z wn hs = ie Ss < = < x =) C = z = z X \ g : 8 E ae \ 2) G : \ . oO . or a oO 5 2:3 “Y S = Zz, = Zz Same > > >” = >’ > 2 = Zz 7) = ” LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILS LSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES “SS 1ES SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SA3iu¥Vvudil LIBR S3INVUSIIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN Saiuvudl LIBRARIES Saluvagi INSTITUTION INSTITUTION INSTITUTION ans Soy r) aN _SMITHSONIAN NSTITUTION NOILALILSNI _———_—_—_—7 S: S: —- | NVINOSHLINS S43 = w wn Zz < = = x z = a z O a Bo re) YY) ane) 2) 79) << AD @) Be = Z, Z = = = = = ” z Fa 7) i _LIBRARIES INSTITUTION Z Z ne 7p} op) si Nand ae 4 a x cS ie ie i a co e) oO an Zz om — SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUEIT NVINOSHLINS S3ltuyvyuad!IT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN Ww oc we ac rae) a { ~o 2. ° a My z - ra a 7 “iff 2 = fe a : Ul m 2 2 m w —_ ; — (9p) NVINOSHLINS SS3IYVYUEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN : z a. Z 5 +S NY Ne > 2 oN = > o = . s za i) * ” a _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVvYa ten Zz = ee ” Zz ” La FB Ly 7 rs oc a a a = tc c& oc (ox 4 | 4 4 , Gp S em o = | rs) | aS z = ad P NVINOSHLINS |S 3 iYVvda uae LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION g ’ S ; o ee o Yy = o 5 = 5 Uy - ; i = E Do ft * e ; BAS z= rm S m = asd (ap) = — SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI _ NYINOSHIINS $3 (YVugit gS 3 < * = 4; < = j < | z ~ VY fy, = ~ Z g 8 fF = j 2 eS SY fer = 2, ES = >" = >" = “” Za na es 7p) a _LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION re = Gs 2 a = ” i ” a q OZ | Ea oc iy, za oc y x a. < ee < | SX ~ S cea rs a ‘ et) Zz ae | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3!1Y¥VvVHaIT } = Oo ‘S = = o 4 m cz) = n m NVINOSHLIWS _———— LIBRARIES ‘x “NVINOSHLIAWS S NOILNA ANLOLINItISNI LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI | CMITHCONIAN LIBRARIES | LLeDADIES NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES MWINOCUINAC CraiMYWUMaity NOILALILSNI : IAL IPAtitCnil LIBRARIES MOET irTiiTLeANAt PROCEEDINGS of the Biological Society of Washington VOLUME 80 1967 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY Victor G. SPRINGER, Editor GrorcE E. Watson, Index Editor All correspondence should be addressed to the Biological Society of Washington, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560 ALLEN Press INc. LAWRENCE, KANSAS OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (FOR 1967-1968) (ELECTED 28 JUNE 1967) OFFICERS President ERNEST A. LACHNER Vice Presidents JOSEPH ROSEWATER MEREDITH L. JONES Recording Secretary STANWYN G. SHETLER Corresponding Secretary RICHARD C. BANKS Treasurer HAROLD A. REHDER Custodian of Publications DAVID H. JOHNSON COUNCIL Elected Members K. C. EMERSON GEORGE A. LLANO H. W. SETZER STANLEY H. WEITZMAN Ex-Presidents J. W. ALDRICH HUGH T. O’NEIL H. G. DEIGNAN HOWARD B. OWENS HERBERT FRIEDMANN ALBERT C. SMITH H. H. T. JACKSON E. P. WALKER DAVID H. JOHNSON A. WETMORE CHARLES O. HANDLEY, JR. iit EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON *THEODORE N. Git, 1881, 1882 *CHARLES A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 *G. Brown GoopE, 1885, 1886 *WILLIAM H. DALL, 1887, 1888 *LESTER F. Warp, 1889, 1890: *C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C, V. Ritey, 1893, 1894 *Gro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 *T_. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 *FREDERICK V. COoviILLE, 1899, 1900 *F, A, Lucas, 1901, 1902 *B, W. EveRMANN, 1903, 1904 *F, H. KNow.tTon, 1905, 1906 *L,, STEJNEGER, 1907, 1908 *T, S. Patmer, 1909, 1910 *Davip WuiteE, 1911 *E. W. NEtson, 1912, 1913 *PauL Bartscu, 1914, 1915 *W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917 *J. N. Rose, 1918 *HucH M. Smitu, 1919 *A. D. Hopxins, 1920 *N. HOLuisTER, 1921 *VERNON BaAILEy, 1922 *A, S. Hircucock, 1923 *J. W. Gwiey, 1924 *S. A. RoHwER, 1925 *H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 *E, A. GOLDMAN, 1927-1929 ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933 *C, E. CHAMBLIss, 1933-1936 *H. C. FuLier, 1936-1938 *W. B. BELL, 1938-1940 E. P. WALKER, 1940-1942 *H. B. Humpurey, 1942-1944 *F, THONE, 1944-1946 *J. S. WADE, 1946-1947 J. W. Aupricu, 1947-1949 *F, C. Lincotn, 1949-1951 *W. A. Dayton, 1951-1953 H. G. Detcnan, 1953-1955 Hucu T. O’Netn, 1955-1956 HERBERT FRIEDMANN, 1957-1958 HowaAprp B. OwEns, 1959-1960 Davin H. Jounson, 1961-1962 ALBERT C. Smitu, 1963-1964 CHARLES O. HANDLEY, JR., 1964-1967 * Deceased. TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 80 Banks, Richard C. A new insular subspecies of spiny pocket mouse (Mammalia: Rodentia) 50 ee Black, Joe B. A new crawfish of the genus Cambarus from southwest Louisiana (Decapoda; Astacidae) Bowman, Thomas E. Asellus kenki, a new isopod crustacean from springs in the Eastern United States __....______»____ Brown, Walter C., and Angel C. Alcala. A new frog of the genus Oreophryne and a list of amphibians from Camiguin RS Face alent Imes eek a I i at Ne kod Brown, Walter C., and Discoro S. Rabor. A new sphenomorphid lizard (Scincidae) from the Philippine Islands ___..__________ Causey, Nell B. Trichopetalum subterraneum, new species from Kentucky, new records and a key to the genus (Diplopoda; Chordeumida; Trichopetalidae) __..- Dawson, C. E. Paragunnellichthys seychellensis, a new genus and species of gobioid fish (Microdesmidae) from the West- TAT ALUIVGNET ITN O [olor bc ee ae CER Oe, SRR TN rns PO ere re Downey, Maureen E. Astronebris tatafilius (Euryalae: Astero- nychidae), a new genus and species of ophiuroid from the Aleutians, with a revised key to the family Asteronychidae ___ Farfante, Isabel Pérez. A new species and two new subspecies of shrimp of the genus Penaeus from the Western Atlantic __. Ferguson, Edward, Jr. A new species of freshwater ostracod fer PUERCO. RICO eee oe Nee el Ferguson, Edward, Jr. Potamocypris bowmani, a new fresh- water osiracod from Washington,DC. 00 ee Fitzpatrick, J. F., Jr. A new crawfish of the Cristatus Section of the genus Cambarus from Mississippi (Decapoda, Astacida ) Gates, G. E. On two Illinois specimens of Diplocardia singularis, with discussion of their mode of reproduction (Annelida; Oia @eliaetea i Ssh i ae a a el ai oe aN a Genoways, Hugh H., and Jerry R. Choate. A new species of shrew (Genus Cryptotis) from Jalisco, Mexico (Mammalia; AIS ECLIV Oi) tetas a Aes ee Lb Aa ee ide Se Greenwood, P. H., G. S. Myers, D. E. Rosen, and S. H. Weitz- man. Named main Divisions of teleostean fishes ________________ Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Frank O. Perkins. A new burrow- ing crayfish from North Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae) -__- Jones, J. Knox, Jr., and Hugh H. Genoways. A new subspecies of the free-tailed bat, Molossops greenhalli, from western Mexicou( Mammalias Chiroptera 0 Lewis, Robert E. A new species of Rhadinopsylla from the Republic of Lebanon (Siphonaptera; Hystrichopsyllidae) ___.. oO 101-104 173-178 131-140 65-68 69-72 117-122 73-82 41-46 83-100 9-12 113-116 163-168 195-202 203-206 227-228 141-146 207-210 179-186 Lynch, John D. Two new Eleutherodactylus from western Mexico (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Machado-Allison, C. E. The systematic position of the bats Desmodus and Chilonycteris, based on host-parasite relation- ships (Mammala:(Chiroptera )) 5) aaa eee Manning, Raymond B. Nannosquilla anomala, a new stomato- pod crustacean’ from ‘Calitorniay seem mere 0 McCain, John C. Paracaprella barnardi, a new species of caprellid (Crustacea; Amphipoda) from the west coast of | ig: V0.5 10 t: WOME SI seta Mee memes NE UNC A IN Gy a CN RI de Miller, George C. A new armored searobin fish, Peristedion unicuspis, Family Peristediidae, from the Straits of Florida _. Pawson, David L. Protankyra grayi new species and Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh) from off North Carolina (Holothuroidea; Synaptic). Pe eee) SA ee Ste epaeanas Pawson, David L. Redescription of Cucumaria semperi Bell, an Indo-West-Pacific holothurian echinoderm ___________.- Peters, James A. The generic allocation of the frog Ceratophrys stolzmanni Steindachner, with the description of a new sub- species from (Heuadon tes" Meee emuand nee niente im PX oy Oe Phillips, Carleton J. A new subspecies of horseshoe bat (Hip- posideros diadema) from the Solomon Islands ________..____..__- Ripley, S. Dillon, and Joe T. Marshall, Jr. A new subspecies of flycatcher from Luzon, Philippine Islands (Aves; Muscicapinae) Steyskal, George C. A key to the genera of Anthomyiinae known to occur in America north of Mexico, with notes on the genus Ganperdea Aldrich (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) _________. Stone, Benjamin C. Notes on the plant genus Pandanus in Fiji, Tonga, the New Hebrides, and Niue __...__-__----- Thomas, Lowell P. The systematic position of Amphilimna (Echinodermata: ©phiuroidea)) aa Thompson, Fred G. A new cyclophorid land snail from the West Indies (Prosobranchia), and the discussion of a new cy oy ae aH gerd Ms Mem EMI ea a ce Wt! Rd lel ae Thompson, Fred G. A new land snail of the family Proserpinidae from Chiapas, Mexico (Gasteropoda: Prosobranchia) __.- Wasbauer, Marius S. A new species of Quemaya from the Colo- rado Desert of California (Hymenoptera; Tiphiidae) ______- Wetmore, Alexander. Further systematic notes on the avifauna OF IPanarnvarts = Ve OMENS Ak) es ak uae airs tehielt oer WES CeO Williams, D. J. A new genus and species of mealybug from the Philippine Islands (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) __-. Youngman, Phillip M. A new subspecies of varying Lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus (Pallas), from Yukon Territory (Mam- malias Rocembray) este se 2) Loman. ss ed Wai ee oell eee sh Ma v1 211-218 223-226 147-150 219-222 19-26 151-156 157-162 105-112 35-40 243-244 1-8 47-60 123-130 13-18 61-64 169-172 229-242, 27-30 BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS 1039th Meeting—28 June 1964 EIGHTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING President Charles O. Handley, Jr., called the meeting to order at 3 p.m. with twelve members present. Reports were received from the Corresponding Secretary, the Treasurer, the Audit Committee, and the Nominating Committee. The latter announced that the officers and council members listed on Page iii were elected by a nearly unanimous mail ballot. The President read the names of the twelve new members who had been elected during the year by the council. No formal com- munications were scheduled. pba Wi it ae eS ity Ike BS Wy AL . ACH vi Wa Se: i Np ih ‘ Bits) UR e bare wet as 4, TE as, ian: Bia ane ’ a | ig fas Oe vi yal eR 4 Lwin , . ites, en bites he 4 i, HIVE eho ont t bar coy si Fe ; Me by te) . ee opnrnsresniciin ym eg fey ihe, phi hate 5 4 Reet wanna se 4 a ue Oe bir” tn ahaha te neh 1 wet ahah - Zar ayant ‘iad 5) pana ea ry ire Leetentiy: oi ave easel {ccna tk pyrantel’ > ait ; er aa ; ee nD ome v} hae 2 Sea 4 : roe) pie . who ; Phy. per Lida Ect: Oe by web f atu, f ire f an i : i j yt % ale { hoo OY ae My City y o ay eee ae “2 ney y ! ; FT, CAN Da PRI Reminds, Faia hf ea ett iinet ine Taye capella ee is 74 : m ! ae a VS, Neve Pe es eee | ‘ t Ss : | i Hi | ~ Ae 4 ~ if | 3 hag | i | [ i ’ a4 * : | | i hy A walsh BAX |. 80, pp. 41-46 24 March 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ASTRONEBRIS TATAFILIUS (EURYALAE: ASTERONYCHIDAE), A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF OPHIUROID FROM THE ALEUTIANS, WITH A REVISED KEY TO THE FAMILY ASTERONYCHIDAE By Maureen E.. DowNeEy Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In recent years, some collections of invertebrates obtained by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission have been deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Material from the North Pacific Ocean included three specimens of a new genus and species of ophiuroid, and these are described below. The specimens were found clinging to a thick, fleshy alcyonarian by means of their prehensile arms. I wish to thank Dr. David L. Pawson, Curator-in-Charge, Division of Echinoderms, for his helpful criticism and advice, and Mr. Thomas Phelan, Division of Invertebrate Paleontol- ogy, for the excellent photographs. Suborder EURYALAE Muller and Troschel, 1840 Family ASTERONYCHIDAE Verrill, 1899 (emend. Mortensen, 1933) Astronebris new genus Diagnosis: Disc and arms covered by thick skin; disc scales few, fragile. Arms roll into vertical coils; arm spines point downwards; no hooks on dorsal side of arms, but distal arm spines transformed into glassy hooks which lack a lamina and perforations. Type-species: Astronebris tatafilius n. sp., by monotypy. Etymology: The generic name is masculine, derived from the Greek astro (star) and nebris (fawn skin), referring to the soft integument. The specific name is in honor of Dr. David L. Pawson, who objected to “pawsoni.” Astronebris tatafilius new species Description of holotype (Fig. la, b, c): Disc diameter, 11 mm, arms about 40 m long. Disc and arms covered by thick, soft skin. Disc circular, dorsal side depressed at center. Radial shields large, irregular 8—Proc. Bion. Soc. WaAsH., Vou. 80, 1967 (41) @ 42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington C Fic. 1. Astronebris tatafilius holotype: a, dorsal aspect; b, ventral aspect; c, lateral aspect. pyriform, sometimes fused in pairs, extending almost to disc center, with thin irregular plates along each side and over narrow proximal end. Disc center with few small, discrete, rounded plates. Ventral surface naked. Genital pores in each interradius conjugate. Genital shield smooth, curved, massive, with small round genital scale at proximal end. Oral shields minute, approximately triangular, mostly concealed by adoral plates; only shield with madreporite extends to gonopore. Adoral plates large, rectangular, partly overlapping first lateral arm plates. Oral plates similar to adoral plates, but smaller, al- New Aleutian Ophiuroid 43 ehirgy. re erted Fic. 2. Astronebris tatafilius: a, proximal arm spine of holotype; b, medial arm spine; c, distal arm spine. most erect. Infradental papillae are 2 or 3 small granules on each side of jaw. Teeth strong, triangular, paired. Tooth papillae absent. Arms vertically coiled, prehensile, length about 4 times disc diameter. Upper arm plates absent. Minute fragile scales occur over most of arm, but not in naked areas between joints. First ventral arm plate longer than broad, narrower proximally, extending well into mouth. Next few ventral arm plates broader than long, with lateral margins concave. Distal arm plates fragmented, fragile. Lateral arm plates tumid, oblique, ventrolaterally placed. Tentacle scales absent. Arm spines small, glassy (Fig. 2), partly concealed by skin, pointing downwards; 2 spines on proximal arm joints, 3 elsewhere. Proximal arm spines with small glassy pointed tubercles (Fig. 2a). Spines on mid-arm glassy, with several lateral teeth, slightly scooped (Fig. 2b). Distal arm spines with simple hook (Fig. 2c). Paratypes: Disc soft, cushiony; raised and riblike radial shields con- cealed by thick, smooth integument. Gonopores appear single but are actually conjugate. One specimen with 4 arms (Fig. 3). Holotype: USNM E10694 (dried specimen). Paratypes: USNM E10695 (in alcohol), 2 specimens (one with 4 arms ). Type-locality: Amatingnale Island, Aleutians, 37 m, on fleshy pink gorgonian. Collected by Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 13 July 1958. Color in alcohol: When first received the types were fawn colored, with a tinge of pink on the discs, but they are now faded. SMITHSONIAN vastitution, MAR 23 1967 44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | b Fic. 3. Astronebris tatafilius, four-armed paratype in situ upon aleyonarian: a, dorsal aspect; b, lateral aspect. Remarks: This genus is proposed to accommodate a new species of ophiuroid which has doubtful affinities. Because of the thin and fragile character of the scalelike plates, and the large areas of naked skin, Astronebris shares some features with members of the family Hemieuryalidae. It also bears some resemblance to the ophiomyxid genus Ophioschiza Clark, 1911, but Ophioschiza differs from Astrone- bris in having a flattened disc, covered with irregular plates; Ophioschiza further lacks oral shields (except the madreporic shield) and has a single genital pore in each interradius. Astronebris has three arm spines, while Ophioschiza has only one. Ophioschiza is obviously mis- placed in the Ophiomyxidae, as Clark (1911) has already suggested, and in light of its apparent close relationship to Astronebris, it would seem that both genera can be referred readily to the family Asterony- chidae. Fell (1960, p. 11) included the genera Asteronyx Muller and Troschel, 1842, and Astrodia Verrill, 1899, in his key to the family Asteronychidae. The key must now be revised to incorporate the genera Astronebris and Ophioschiza. New Aleutian Ophiuroid 45 Key to the Genera of the Family Asteronychidae Three or more arm spines. Two genital pores in each inter- radius. Three arm spines, never hooked or hooked only on distal part of arm. Arm spines never hooked. Disc covered with numerous SOPNOS a paar eae toe Ot area en Astrodia Distal arm spines hooked. Disc scales few _____... Astronebris More than 3 arm spines which (except for 3 inner ones) are modiied as simple hooklets — 222 2 Asteronyx One arm spine; one genital pore in each interradius _ Ophioschiza LITERATURE CITED Criark, H. L. 1911. North Pacific Ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 75, LENS) 1p FELL, H. B. 1960. Synoptic Keys to the Genera of Ophiuroidea. Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ. Wellington, No. 26, 44 p. OQ ological Soci 1 © Proceedin 46 1 s of the Bi Se B4yx 80, nok 47-60 24 March 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE PLANT GENUS PANDANUS IN FIJI, TONGA, THE NEW HEBRIDES, AND NIUE? By BENJAMIN C. STONE Department of Botany, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur No critical treatment of Fijian Pandanus has appeared since Martelli’s (1930A). At the same time Martelli (1930B ) also discussed Pandanus in Tonga. A. C. Smith (1936) dis- cussed two Pandanus species, one of them proposed as new. Since 1936 a number of collections, primarily made by A. C. Smith, have become available. These extend the known dis- tributions of certain species and also indicate the need for a review of the taxonomic status of various taxa in the flora of this region of the Pacific. The Fijian species of Pandanus may be arranged in four of the sections of the genus; Acrostigma, Coronata, Maysops, and Pandanus. Two other sections, Hombronia and Microstigma, are represented by a single species each from the New Hebrides. In Fiji there are several well- defined species, one in Sect. Acrostigma, one in Maysops, and two in Coronata. The species of Sect. Pandanus are more difficult to interpret because of the several difficulties, both taxonomic and nomenclatural in nature, which have yet to be solved, and which involve not only the plants of the area here considered but those of the entire Pacific and indeed those of Malaysia and the Indian Ocean. Therefore, considera- tion of the members of Sect. Pandanus is postponed, except for one newly proposed variety. Traditionally, these species which are largely littoral in habitat and dispersed by oceanic currents, have been brought together under a single name; usually either P. odoratissimus or P. tectorius. Serious drawbacks have stood in the way of using either of these names; in the first case, the name P. odoratissimus has been claimed to be illegitimate (see for instance DeWit, 1959). In any event, it is a native of Ceylon and adjacent Malaysia, extending to the Philippines, and may be recognized by its relatively small phalanges, and, in particular, by its very stoutly toothed leaves. I do not believe 1 Based on studies made at the U.S. National Herbarium through the courtesy of Dr. A. C. Smith. 9—Proc. Biou. Soc. WAsH., VOL. 80,1967 (47) 48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington that this species occurs beyond the limits of Malaysia as defined in the “Flora Malesiana.” With the name P. tectorius we have a different problem. The epithet is doubtless to be rejected under the terms of the International Code, since its usage has led to consistent and constant confusion. If, how- ever, steps were taken to reintroduce the name, accompanied by a neotype collection from the type locality (in Tahiti) with mature fruits in abundance, the name could be taken up, and would no doubt be applicable to a widespread but perhaps typically Polynesian species. There are at present quite probably far too many specific “entities” for the Polynesian species of Pandanus. Martelli (1933A and 1933B) does not broach this problem; yet he accepts eight species of Sect. Pandanus in Tahiti, and three in Rarotonga (one of which is said to occur also in Tahiti). The oldest name he accepts is P. Menziesii Gaudich., which, however, is applied to a Hawaiian plant. Brown (1931) accepts P. tectorius, and describes a number of taxa as new; nowhere, however, is the name tectorius clearly defined or typified. Other writers on Polynesian botany generally use the name P. tectorius. Martelli (1934) in his treatment of Samoan Pandanaceae recognizes only two varieties of P. odoratissimus, one of them the var. laevis, which is cultivated and known only in the sterile state; the other is var. savaiensis (Martelli) Martelli, first described as a variety of P. tectorius. The cardinal point is, of course, the matter of specific delimitation. So long as but one species is accepted for the region from the Indian Ocean to the Eastern Pacific, as far north as the Bonin and Hawaiian Islands and south to the Austral Islands and Australia, there is, per- haps, no real objection to using one of these names. But once a more intensive study is made of the plants from this vast area, it becomes abundantly clear that the situation is not nearly so simple. While of course it is true that littoral species are often rather uniform over a large area, it is also obvious that the forces of evolution as expressed in insular environments have not suspended operations. But other con- siderations complicate the situation immensely. Pandanus must be con- sidered as a crop plant in many areas, and it is clear that deliberate man- made introductions of Pandanus plants occur, not only in Polynesia, but in Micronesia and in Melanesia, and no doubt across the natural range of the genus. In certain areas the production of numerous cul- tivars for food or for foliage has been accomplished by a long process of selection; in some cases the number of clones produced (and in general they are always vegetatively propagated) is extraordinarily large, mainly in the Gilbert and Marshall groups. Merrill (1954) has discussed the nomenclatural problems posed by Parkinson’s (1773) book. It is not necessary here to repeat his remarks, but in his general consideration, he calls for an official rejection of the book as a whole. Many, if not most, of the names published in Parkin- son's book are nomina subnuda; but with P. tectorius there is a discus- On the Plant Genus Pandanus 49 sion of eleven lines of print. Unfortunately, other than immediately identifying the genus, there is no way of knowing what species Parkinson meant. St. John (1963) has rejected the name because it is a hyphen- ated binomial, which he deems a monomial. Probably a solution by international fiat through the appropriate committees is necessary; and if the general rejection is not approved, only a new typification, as earlier mentioned, can elucidate the situation. In the meantime one can only use those names which are well- founded, which merely postpones the nomenclatural problems, but at least may further taxonomic knowledge. I have with great hesitation attempted such a temporal compromise in this treatment, knowing full well that future studies will bring about a number of changes. Progress in understanding of the intricately variable Pacific species is bound to depend at least at first on a rather narrow interpretation of taxa, and more important perhaps, much more serious field studies and collecting; and it might be remarked that illustrations are mandatory. KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF PANDANUS IN Fiji, TONGA, NEw HEBRIDES, AND NIUE Drupes all or nearly all one-celled Stigmas spiniform, longer than broad, subulate or curved-acicular, erect or mostly ascending, stigmatic groove dorsal ___ Acrostigma Stigmas suborbicula or reniform, broader than long, flattened Stigmas lateral, erect or ventral, commonly attached at or near thesedge ok therdrupe 212500) lee ee et Maysops Stigmas apical or subapical, plane or slightly oblique __. Microstigma Drupes all or nearly all several-celled Stigmas radiate or concentric in arrangement Stigmas lateral and subvertical, arranged around the truncated apex of the phalange, centrifugal Coronata Stigmas mostly subplane, each borne or a more or less distinct carpel apex, concentric, centripetal _.....- Pandanus Stigmas in one or more transverse lines (if several, then parallel) weal bac ladle aE eee Sa oe aly Sd gtd eI ay ea ee Hombronia Sect. Acrostigma Kurz 1. Pandanus thurstonii Wright in Kew Bull. 1894: 348. 1894; Martelli in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 335. 1930; Smith in Bishop Mus. Bull, Wile 12, & fa, © 16a P. caricosus sensu Seem. FI. Vit. 281. 1866 (non [Rumph.] Sprengel, 1826), fide Martelli. P. virens Horne, A Year in Fiji, 264. 1881. nom. nud. Type locality: Viti Levu: Near Suva (Thurston, K.). SMITHSONIAN ) r INSTITUTION MAR 23 196) 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Reported from Koro, in a swamp at 500 m alt. (Smith 992, BISH, US) by Smith. The species does not reappear in recent collections. The natives of Koro know the plant as varawa, and use it in weaving mats. It is endemic. Sect. Maysops St. John 2. Pandanus joskei Balf. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 416. 1884; Martelli in Webbia 4 (1): 18. 1913; et 4 (2): t. 24. £. 1-3 1914; in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 334. 1930. Type locality: “Fiji Isl’. Holotype: Jeoward, K. The original de- scription was based on notes and sketches made by Horne. Reported from Viti Levu (“common between the Wai Manu and the Rewa River on alluvial land; also on damp spots near streams in mountains at sources of Tamarina River, between Suva and the Rewa River’ (Jeoward); Mt. Korombamba (Parks 20344, BISH, UC, US). A thoroughly distinct and handsome species. It does not appear again in more recent collections at hand. Fiji: Viti Levu: Mba; vicinity of Nandarivatu, Gillespie 3734, BISH. Sect. Microstigma Kurz 3. Pandanus cominsii Hemsl. in Hook. f. Icon. 27: t. 2654. 1900; Martelli in Bot. Jahrb. 49: 66. 1912; in Webbia 4: t. 26. f. 20. 1914; in Journ. Arnold Arb. 12: 269. 1931. Type locality: Solomon Islands; Florida Is. Holotype: Comins 363, K. Reported only from the Banks Group, Vanua Lava Island, just north of the New Hebrides (Kajewski 471), by Martelli. The species is com- mon in the Solomon Islands; a peculiar variety occurs in Micronesia on the islands of Truk and Ponape. In Efaté, New Hebrides, I observed what in all probability was this species but was unable to make a collection, on a trip from Port Vila to Onesua in 1957. Section Coronata Martelli Key to Species Stigmas mostly 4—6 per phalange; phalanges2 compressed obovate- oblanceolate: 2-2 5. tbe oe ee P. whitmeeanus Martelli Stigmas mostly 10-16 (or more) per phalange; phalanges, rhomboid, pentahexagonal, but slightly or not compressed __ P. vitiensis Martelli 4. Pandanus whitmeeanus Martelli in Webbia 1: 364. 1905; 4 (1): 36. 1913; 4 (2): t. 22. f. 46. 1914; Setchell, Veg. Tutila Isl, Carnegie Inst. Publ. 341: 117. 1924; Martelli in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 259. pl. 45. f. 8-9. 1930; in Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap. 10 (13): 23. 1934; St. John in Pac. Sci. 14: 228. 1960. Type locality: Samoa. Holotype: Whitmee s.n., K. 2The multilocular segment of the cephalium; also termed a polydrupe. On the Plant Genus Pandanus pl Branching trees to 10 m tall or more; leaves 180-275 cm long, or up to 500 cm long, 8-10 cm broad toward the base, at apex gradually long-acuminate, not or very briefly (3—4 cm) flagellate; margins serrate- dentate, at base the teeth stout, antrorse, hooked, 2-3 mm long; toward middle and at apex teeth reduced, minute, 1.0 mm long or less, crowded (about 6-7 per cm), slightly larger teeth alternating with slightly smaller ones; costa dorsally unarmed at base, dentate along the apical third with teeth subsimilar to those of adjacent margins but slightly more distant; ventral pleats apically set with small antrorse teeth like those of margins; sheathing base indurate, rigid, thick. Syncarps sub- globose, obscurely trigonal, erect, c. 22-23 cm long, c. 23 cm in diameter, borne on a trigonal peduncle up to 30 cm long;. phalanges 250-350 per syncarp, about 7-8.5 cm long and 3 cm broad when mature, compressed (c. 1.8—-2 cm thick), with 3-6, usually 4-6 locules; phalange a unit, the carpels completely connate, narrowly obovate in profile, the apex flat to slightly concave, 5—6-angled; sides smooth; upper 4 green, lower *4 yellow to yellow-orange at maturity; bases of mutually adjacent phalanges not connate. Stigmas 3-6, external, on the distal face of the phalange, surrounding the apical areola, nearly vertical, narrowly elliptic or linear, grooved at the base, about 4 <* 2 mm, set usually at or near the angles of the phalange; endocarp submedian, with 3-6 seeds usually in two rows, each c. 18 * 5 mm; upper mesocarp fibrous, pithy, solid (not cavernose); lower mesocarp fibrous, the fibers traversing a fleshy pulp. (Fig. 1) Distribution: Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga: (Cultivated and visited for the leaves, which are of textile quality ); New Hebrides. Local names: “paongo” in Tonga and Samoa; “ndaundreka” in Fiji; “na parou” in Nguna, New Hebrides. Known in Samoa from Savaii (Safotu, cultivated, Christophersen & Stehlin 3597) and from Tutuila (Pango Pango, Setchell 300, and Pioa, Christophersen 3580); in Tonga from Tongatabu (Setchell & Parks 15650). New Hebrides: Neguna Is. (just north of Efaté), Mt. Mawasi, c. 330 m alt., Sept. 1957, Stone 2208, 2210, BISH. Fiji: Viti Levu: Serua; Flat coastal strip in vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. nr. sea-level, (freely branched tree to 15 m high, in swampy grass-flats and on edge of forest; leaves to 5 m long, locally considered the best for mats, for which young plants are used), Smith 9436, US. The Fijian material cited is the best collection of this species from Fiji. It is a good match for the species, although the fruits are quite immature; a phalange and leaf apex are illustrated. Mature phalanges of Stone 2208 from Nguna, New Hebrides, are illustrated. The discovery of this characteristic species in Fiji and in the New Hebrides is in accord with the pattern of distribution for this region as manifested in various other species. The New Hebridean material is also the first known from that area. 52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington On the Plant Genus Pandanus 53 Species dubius aff. P. whitmeeanus Pandanus corallinus Martelli in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 359. pl. 45. Figs. 10-12. 1930. Yuncker in Bishop Mus. Bull. 220: 50. 1959. Type locality: Tonga; Tongatabu. Holotype: Setchell & Parks 15420, UC. There seems to be no doubt that the phalanges representing this species display the stigmatic structure and arrangement typical of this section. However, there is considerable doubt about the validity of the species, since the phalanges obtained are all from the peduncular region of the syncarp (as evidence by their falcate shape). They are perhaps immature; at best they are distortions of the more lateral or apical phalanges. The color, “coral red,’ does not correspond either with P. vitiensis or with P. whitmeeanus; but I regard it as probable that P. corallinus will prove to be a synonym of P. whitmeeanus. The col- lection consisted of phalanges which had been made into a necklace or lei and were worn by a Tongan woman at Mua. There is some doubt as to whether they were gathered in Tongatabu or in “Eua. 5. Pandanus vitiensis Martelli in Univ. of Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 333. pl. 42. 1930; Perry in Journ. Arnold Arb. 31: 208 in obs. 1950. P. levuensis Martelli in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 334. pls. 43-44. 1930. Type locality: Fiji: Viti-Levu; Tholo-i-Suva, 300 m. Holotype: Parks 20980, UC. The first syntype cited of P. levwensis (here chosen lectotype) is Parks 20345, from Mr. Korombamba, Viti Levu; it is merely a very im- mature specimen of P. vitiensis, which accounts for the smaller phalanges as described by Martelli. The other syntype cited (Gillespie 3443.1) from Nasinu, Viti Levu, is also quite immature. It may represent P. whitmeeanus. Distribution: Fiji, endemic. A small tree or up to 15 m high. The most recent collection is that mentioned by Perry, which is cited again here. Fiji: Viti Levu: Mba: Southern slopes of Mt. Ndelainathovu, on < Fic. 1. Pandanus whitmeeanus Martelli. (a—d, Smith 9436 from Fiji; e-i, Stone 2208, from New Hebrides). a. immature phalange in profile, ) v "oY ‘ —- a zs ve aa Wi rc Pe ’ 0, pp. 83-100 24 March 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES AND TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF SHRIMP OF THE GENUS PENAEUS FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC By IsaBeL PEREZ FARFANTE! Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Ichthyological Laboratory, Washington, D.C. Many aspects of the biology of various species of Penaeus from Atlantic America, particularly of the three most com- mon in North America, have been and continue to be the object of much research. Thus far, however, the information gleaned has little bearing on systematics, and only meager information has been accumulated in this field since Burken- road (1934, 1939), published his major contributions to the systematics of the genus. He advanced considerably our un- derstanding of the group, but the lack of adequate material prevented him from carrying his work to completion and often from reaching definite conclusions. I have been able to assemble extensive collections from much of the range of the genus in the western Atlantic, and to carry out biometric studies. Such studies of large series of specimens have revealed several recognizable geographic taxa among the widely ranging species of Penaeus. Among them are the species and two subspecies described below. A monograph of the western Atlantic species, subspecies, and subpopulations, including full descriptions and figures, as well as an evaluation of the significant information on the biology of each, is near completion. The present paper has been made possible through the cooperation of many institutions and individuals. I am particularly indebted to Fenner A. Chace and Horton H. Hobbs for many suggestions, to Daniel M. Cohen for continuous encouragement, and to Harvey R. Bullis for 1Tsabel C. Canet. 14—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 80, 1967 (83) 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington critical material from usually inaccessible localities. Also hearty thanks are due to Maria Manuela Diéguez de Farfante for preparing the draw- ings included here. The work was done with the support of the Rad- cliffe Institute for Independent Study, the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. GB-3907). The various institutions that made material available are cited by abbrevia- tions before each lot to indicate where it is deposited: American Mu- seum of Natural History (AMNH_); Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Cuba (CIP); Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP); Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Harvard University (MCZ); Univer- sity of Miami Marine Laboratory (UMML); United States National Museum (USNM); and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University (YPM). Particularly useful information pertinent to the species and sub- species described below can be found in the following works: Boschi (1963), Burkenroad (1934, 1939), Davant (1963), Eldred and Hutton (1960), Holthuis (1959), Ives (1891), Lindner (1957), Magalhdes (1944), Mistakidis (1965), Ortmann (1891), Pérez Farfante (1953, 1954), Pérez Farfante, Acosta, and Alemany (1961), da Silva (1965), Tremel and Mistakidis (1965). Penaeus paulensis new species Fig. 1 a-d Camario rosa, (“pink shrimp” ); langostino Penaeus brasiliensis: Ortmann, in part, 1891. Zool. Jahr. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. 5(3): 445-449, table 36, Figs. 1 a—c; not P. brasiliensis Latreille 1817. Penaeus aztecus: Burkenroad, in part (“Form C”), 1939. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 6, art. 6: 34-45, figs. 32, 33; not P. aztecus Ives 1891. Holotype: 16, USNM 119128, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, April 1964, M. Vannucci. Paratypes: BRAZIL: Rio pE JANErRo: 16, 19, MNHNP-USNM, off mouth Guanabara Bay, 34-65 fms, 2 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 105. 16, 12, YPM, Rio de Janeiro. 23, 29, USNM, Santana Island, 16 fms, SUDEPE. 1°, USNM, off Rio de Janeiro, 23 August 1925, S. M. Waelsof. SAo Pauto: 346, 12, USNM, off Sao Sebastiao, 20-35 fms, 10 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 129. 26, 22, MNHNP-USNM, off Sao Sebastido, 25-30 fms, 10 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 130. 32, > Fic. 1. Penaeus paulensis n. sp. a, Carapace, holotype 6 35 mm c.l., Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. b, Petasma, ¢ 39 mm c.l., S Point do Boi, Sao Paulo, Brazil. c, Thelycum, @ 49.5 mm c.l., Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. d, Sixth abdominal somite (posterodorsal portion), holotype. Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus eer Ae AY MITHSONIAN ‘STITUTION MAR 23 196/ 85 86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington MNHNP-USNM, S4o Sebastiao, 11 fms, 11 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 135. 26, 19, MNHNP-USNM, off Point do Boi, 26-40 fms, 11 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 136. 12 8, 39, MNHNP-USNM, off Point do Boi, 36-30 fms, 11 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 187. 26, 39, USNM, Santos, 8 May 1964, M. Vannucci. 1¢, USNM, Santos, June 1913, H. Leuderwaldt. 1¢, USNM, Santos, 24 October 1949, Carvalho. 116, 119, USNM, Cananéia, September 1965, V. Sadowski. 46, 19, MNHNP-USNM, Laje dos Santos Island, 24-75 fms, 14 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 143. Santa Catarina: 46, 59, USNM, Lake da Conceicao, Santa Catarina Island, 19 November 1965, E. Tremel. 36, 39, MNHNP-USNM, Zimbros Bay, 16 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 148. Rio GRANDE po Sut: 192, MNHNP, off Mostardas, 17 De- cember 1961, Calypso Sta. 151. 12, MNHNP, off Mostardas, 36-30 fms, 17 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 152. 94, 139, MCZ, Rio Grande, 7 June 1865?, G. Harrington. 34, 32, MNHNP-USNM, off southernmost end Rio Grande do Sul, 20 December 1961, Calypso Sta. 155. URU- GUAY: 246,392, USNM, Arroyo Balizas, Castillos Lake, 19 April 1961, H. Ferrando. 3¢, 12, USNM, Lake de Rocha, 18 April 1961, H. Fer- rando. 26, 12, USNM, Lake de Rocha, 18 April 1961, H. Ferrando. Description: Rostrum short, reaching at least distal half of second antennular segment but not beyond distal end of third, slender and straight in apical portion. Adrostral sulcus (Fig. la) broad along entire length, width 1 to 2 times postrostral carina width, long, ending 49 to %o carapace length from posterior margin of carapace. Median sulcus short, ending well anterior to posterior end of adrostral sulcus; shallow, continuous or interrupted, often limited to anterior fossette. Dorsolateral sulcus (Fig. 1 d) very narrow, relation between keel height and sulcus width (measured at distance about 1% somite length from posterior margin) 3 to 15, modally 6. K/S (keel/sulcus) relation showing modal value of 6 for all size classes of both sexes. Third pereopod short, reaching at least distal third of second but not beyond distal end of third antennular segment, shorter in larger individuals. Petasma (Fig. 1 b): Ventral costa broad and blunt at distal end, extending proximally in extremely slight curve or almost straight line, with free distal border even or with faintly undulating flange; group of medium sized, irregularly set teeth close to apex. Membranous por- tion of ventrolateral lobule with band of spines, very narrow distally, moderately wide proximally. Distal fold of lateral lobe armed with prominent spinules. Thelycum (Fig. 1 c): Apical process typically very narrow, bordered by nearly triangular or highly arched ridge, with knob often at center of slightly concave ventral surface. Posterior protuberance with median carina bifurcated anteriorly, forming two ridges converging at apical process, resulting in narrow, diamondshaped structure. Lateral plates Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 87 with anteromedian angles divergent, leaving posterior protuberance exposed. Color: Usually pinkish, thus the name camardo rosa (“pink shrimp” ) is applied to it in different localities within its range. Size: The largest female examined was 54 mm c.l., 215 mm t.l., and the largest male, 40 mm c.l., 171 mm t.l. Distribution: P. paulensis ranges from south of Cape Frio along the coast of Brazil to Lake de Rocha and, according to Burkenroad (1939), as far south as Montevideo, Uruguay. The specimen men- tioned by Boschi (1963) in the Museo Bernardino Rivadavia, in Buenos Aires, labeled “North Patagonia,’ may possibly be a straggler from waters farther north. Name: I have named this species for SAo Paulo State, Brazil, where it is fished commercially in large quantities offshore as well as in the estuarine waters along the coast. Remarks: P. paulensis is closely allied to P. aztecus aztecus from northern waters and Penaeus aztecus subtilis (see below) from the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic off northern—eastern South America. It differs from both by the narrower dorsolateral sulcus in which both lips are sharp and by the external genitalia. Females have the apical process and the posterior protuberance of the thelycum much narrower than in P. a. aztecus and P. a. subtilis, and in the males the ventral costa of the petasma is almost straight or only slightly curved rather than markedly convex distally; and also is armed close to the apex with a group of teeth of moderate size and irregularly set, instead of a compact, elongated patch of small teeth on the attached edge of the ventral costa as is typical of the two subspecies of P. aztecus. It also differs from P. a. aztecus by the shorter, shallower, and often interrupted median sulcus, and shorter third pereopod; and from P. aztecus subtilis by the broader adrostral sulci. Burkenroad (1939) referred to this shrimp as Penaeus aztecus Ives “Form C,” which he distinguished from the typical P. aztecus by characters other than the external genitalia; however, both the thelycum and particularly the petasma are characteristic. Consequently, I con- sider this southern Penaeus a distinct species. The female P. aztecus “Form C” recorded by Burkenroad from Pernambuco is most likely a specimen of P. a. subtilis in which the adrostral sulcus is narrow, the width at the lowest limit of its range of variation. Penaeus aztecus subtilis new subspecies (Fig. 2 a—b; Fig. 3 a—c) Langostino amarillo, (“yellow shrimp”); camardén , ce e 22 marron (“brown shrimp” ); short feelered prawn; sara- sara; camardo lixo, (“dark shrimp”); camarao branco (14 ° . 39> (“white shrimp” ). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 88 SEARLE yy g & eS co= OH | Ot c=) Ame} @b) (©) oe a cee OH = 2 = a. & Ww Fa 1D 30 7p) _ OF a n “= Ra i a a eS 5 inv} a ae ) = 3 ie arg oe A 4 eee i= Lon! fy nes a5 @) (25 Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 89 Penaeus aztecus Ives, Burkenroad in part (“Form B”), 1939. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 6: 34-52 Figs. 28, 29. Holotype:. 6, USNM 119130, off Gallinas Point, Departamento de la Guajira, Colombia, 95 fms, 9 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5685, 12°29’ NL, 71°54’WL. Paratypes: CUBA: 19, USNM, Doctor Lagoon, Baracoa Beach, Havana, 1958, G. Mayor. 1¢, 29, USNM, Canimar River, Matanzas, 1954, C. Sanchez. 16, USNM, Key Francés, Caibarién, 300 fms [?], M. S. Roig. JAMAICA: 346, 19, YPM, western end Kingston Harbor, 4 feet, 1 February 1934. 5¢, 49, YPM, Kingston Market, 1 February 1934. 16 6, 112, USNM, 1-11 March 1884, Albatross. 1¢, 19, USNM, Montego River (1 mile from sea), 11 July 1916, C. B. Wilson. HAITI: 1¢, USNM, Port au Prince, 8 November 1965, A. Curtis. SANTO DOMINGO: 12, USNM, Puerto Plata, Ch. H. Fraser. PUERTO RICO: 3¢, 19, USNM, Mayagiiez Harbor, 75-76 fms, 19-20 January 1899, Fish Hawk. 16, 42, USNM, Puerto Real, 26 January 1899, Fish Hawk. 16, 42, USNM, Hucares, 13-14 February 1899, Fish Hawk. VIRGIN ISLANDS: Sr. Cror: 12¢, 119, USNM, 27 January 1937, H. A. Beatty. 52, 39, USNM, Envy Bay, January 1938, H. A. Beatty. St. Jouns: 56, 29, AMNH, Antares Expedition, W. Beebe. LESSER ANTILLES: Anticua: 1¢, USNM, English Harbor, 4-9 April 1956, Smithsonian Bredin Expedition, Sta. 83-56, F. A. Chace and D. V. Nicholson. 19, USNM, Tank Bay, English Harbor, 3 April 1956, Smithsonian Bredin Expedition, Schmitt, Chace, Nicholson and Jackson. St. Lucia: 3¢, 72, USNM, Port Castries, 2 December 1887. ARUBA- CURACAO: 14, USNM, off Aruba, 40 fms, 3 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5656. Curacao: 1¢, 29, USNM, 10-18 February 1884, Albatross. NICARAGUA: 164, USNM, Bluefields, 1965, A. Flores. PANAMA: 54, 62, USNM, Fox Bay, Colén, 3 January 1911, S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand. COLOMBIA: Otp Provmence IsLanp: 1¢, USNM, 4-9 April 1884, Albatross Sta. 2149-2150. 3146, 239, YPM, Sabanilla, 16- 22, March 1884, Albatross. 36, 72, USNM, off Puerto Colombia, 8-9 fms, 3 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4867. 16, USNM, off Barranquilla, 75 fms, 17 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4845. 2, 29, USNM, off Barranquilla, 40 fms, 18 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4851. 12, USNM, off Faro Point, 13-14 fms, 18 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4849. 76, 32, USNM, off Faro Point, 60-65 fms, 18 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4852. 16, 72, USNM, off Ciénaga, 50 fms, 17 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4846. 19, USNM, off Cape la Vela, 100 fms, 1 June 1964, Oregon Sta. 4913. 2¢, 12, USNM, off Departamento de la Guajira, 105 fms, 8 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5684. 16, 59, USNM, off Gallinas Point, Departamento de la Guajira, 95 fms, 9 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5685. VENEZUELA: 276, 289, USNM, Barranquita, Lake of Maracaibo, 23 April 1964, J. J. Ewald. 89, USNM, Gulf of Venezuela, 12 June 1964, Fioveca, J. J. Ewald. 33, 69, USNM, off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela, 26 fms, 5 October 1965, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90 Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 91 Oregon Sta. 5664. 19, USNM, off Mariusa Island, 13-15 fms, 26 August 1958, Oregon Sta. 2211. 59, USNM, off Boca Araguao, 9-10 fms, 27 Au- gust 1958, Oregon Sta. 2215. TRINIDAD: 1¢, USNM, off Casa Cruz, 20-22 fms, 26 August 1958, Oregon Sta. 2207. 16, 12, UMML, Icacos Point, March 1951, Antilles. 16, 12, UMML, Icacos Point, 19 January 1953, Antilles. 59, USNM, Gulf of Paria, February—October 1944, Anglo-American Caribbean Comm., R. T. Whiteleather and H. H. Brown. 29, USNM, Maturin Bar, off Point Barrial, Gulf of Paria, 26 April 1944, Anglo-American Caribbean Comm., R. T. Whiteleather and H. H. Brown. GUYANA: 124, USNM, off Marlborough, 20-25 fms, 30 August 1958, Oregon Sta. 2215. 36, 62, USNM, off Demerara Beacon, 11-22 July 1944, R. T. Whiteleather and H. H. Brown. SURINAM: 46, 79, USNM, off mouth Surinam River, 15 fms, 11 May 1957, Coquette Sta. 2. 16, 19, USNM, NE of mouth Surinam River, 30 fms, 30 May 1957, Coquette Sta. 36. 46, 19, USNM, NE of mouth Surinam River, 14 fms, 30 May 1957, Coquette Sta. 144. 14, USNM, between mouths of Coppename and Surinam Rivers, 15 fms, 6 June 1957, Coquette Sta. 172. 76, 139, USNM, off Surinam, 50 fms, 2 November 1957, Oregon Sta. 2016. FRENCH GUIANA: 24, 119, USNM, off Isére Point, 34 fms, 14 September 1958, Oregon Sta. 2322. BRAZIL: Amapa: 49, USNM, Cape do Norte, 30 fms, J. F. Filho. ParA: 19, USNM, 100 miles off Cape Magari, 4 July 1965, J. F. Filho. 36, 259, USNM, off Salinopolis, 12 fms, 8 March 1963, Oregon Sta. 4215. ParA-MaranuAo: 16,19, USNM, June—July 1965, J. F. Filho. Maranndo: 26, 29, USNM, 27 June 1965, J. F. Filho. 19, USNM, off Paulino Neves, 20 fms, 11 March 1963, Oregon Sta. 4236. 126, 209, USNM, F. E. Sawyer. CrarA: 19, USNM, off Melancia, 20 fms, 16 March 1963, Oregon Sta. 4171. 146, 19, USNM, off Camocim, 15 fms, 12 March 1963, Oregon Sta. 4247. 14, USNM, off Camocim, 18 fms, 12 March 1963, Oregon Sta. 4250. 146, 19, USNM, Fortaleza, J. F. Filho. Rio GranpE po Norte: 29, USNM, 1 February 1965, C. C. Neto. PERNAMBUCO: 106, 89, USNM, Public Market, San José, Recife, 10 August 1964, Ex. P. Alves Coélho. Ata- coas: 26, 22, MNHNP, Maceid, 24%4-3% fms, 22 November 1961, Calypso Sta. 35. SERGIPE: 26, 69, MNHNP-USNM, off Aracajti, 2625— 3144 fms, 23 November 1961, Calypso Sta. 42. 64, 149, USNM, mouth Agua Azeda River, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, 9 March 1966. Banta: 226,189, USNM, Itaparica, 11 March 1966, A. Barreto. 64, MNHNP- < Fic. 3. Penaeus aztecus subtilis n. subsp. a, Thelycum, @ 45.5 mm c.l., off Isére Point, French Guiana. b, Petasma, ¢ 34 mm cl, off Gallinas Point, Departamento de la Guajira, Colombia. c, Sixth abdom- inal somite (posterodorsal portion), @ 36 mm c.l., Gulf of Venezuela. 92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington USNM, off Bahia, 27-28 fms 24 November 1961, Calypso Sta. 35. Espirairo SAnto: 66, 109, MNHNP-—USNM, Anchieta, 30 November 1961, Calypso Sta. 92. UNITED STATES: Fiorma: 16, YPM, Key Largo, 19 March 1934, M. B. Bishop, Atlantis [?]. Description: Rostrum long, reaching at least to distal end on anten- nular peduncle and at most to distal third of thickened portion of antennular flagellum, sinuous in shape, with apical portion markedly upturned. Adrostral sulcus (Figs. 2 a—b) narrow, width 4-4 postros- tral carina width, either tapering to a point posteriorly or turning laterally and broadening slightly at end, and usually short, ending %— Y45 of carapace length from posterior margin of carapace. Median sulcus shallow, often interrupted, ending well anterior to posterior end of adrostral sulcus. Dorsolateral sulcus (Fig. 3 c) variable in width, usually narrow; relation between keel height and sulcus width 2 to 8, modally 3.5. Third pereopod relatively short, reaching only distal half of second antennular segment, at most exceeding peduncle by entire dactyl length. Petasma (Fig. 3 b): Ventral costa curving proximally in gentle arc with distal portion unarmed along free border, two to three series of small teeth arranged in compact patch on attached border. Mem- branous portion of ventrolateral lobule extensively covered with spines. Distal fold of free margin of lateral lobe small, plain or armed with numerous spinules. Thelycum (Fig. 3 a): Apical process projecting ventrally in sharp, broad, low-arched ridge which surrounds moderately concave surface with small knob usually present at center; posterior protuberance wide, with anteriorly bifurcate median carina, resulting ribs turning medially and converging at apical process, giving rise to diamondlike structure; surface enclosed by this structure plain or bearing median rib anteriorly, posteriorly or along entire length. Lateral plates with anteromedian angles divergent, leaving posterior protuberance exposed. Color: P. aztecus subtilis, although of variable color, is most often brown, thus the name camarén marrén (“brown shrimp”) in Vene- zuela, and camarao lixo (“dark shrimp”) in Brazil. Yellowish speci- mens are rather common, and in some localities individuals are transluc- ent pale yellow and are called camaraio branco (“white shrimp”) in Brazil. Size: The largest female examined was 55 mm c.l., 205 mm t.l., and the largest male 36 mm c.l., 152 mm t.l. Holthius (1959) reported a larger male, 187 mm t.l. Distribution: This subspecies ranges from Cuba along the arc of the Antilles, and from south of Cape Catoche throughout the Caribbean coast of Central and South America, and along the northern and eastern coast of South America, to at least Cape Frio, Brazil. Burkenroad (1939) identified and illustrated some specimens from “Rio de Janeiro.” Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 93 Name: The name subtilis was suggested by the narrow and shallow adrostral sulci and the delicate, often indistinct and interrupted median sulcus. , Remarks: This subspecies differs rather strikingly from typical P. aztecus, the brown shrimp from the western Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. P. a. subtilis has a shallow, often interrupted and short median sulcus, instead of a deep, continuous, and long one as in P. a. aztecus; the adrostral sulci are very narrow and are either tapering or turned laterally posteriorly, rather than deep, long, broad, and of rather uni- form width as they are on P. a. aztecus. The dorsolateral sulcus, al- though of variable width, is usually narrow, with a modal relation K/S of 3.5, whereas in P. a. aztecus it is wide, K/S modal 1.25. Finally, the third pereopod of P. a. subtilis is much shorter than that of P. a. aztecus. P. a. subtilis may be separated from its close relative P. paulensis by the longer, sinuous rostrum and by the narrow adrostral sulcus. In males of P. a. subtilis the distal portion of the ventral costa of the petasma is strongly convex and armed with an elongated patch of closely set small teeth, very different from the almost straight costa provided with irregularly set, moderately strong apical teeth of P. paulensis. In females of P. a. subtilis the apical process and diamond- like structure on the posterior protuberance are much wider. Burkenroad (1939) referred to this subspecies as P. aztecus “Form B.” The study of extensive collections from throughout its range has indicated that it differs from P. aztecus from northern waters by con- stant characteristics; consequently I consider each population a geo- graphical subspecies. Burkenroad, in the same publication, recorded one specimen of P. aztecus “Form B” from the Atlantic of “North America” and another (at Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History) from Key Largo, Florida. I have examined the latter, and it undoubtedly belongs to the southern subspecies; however, the accompanying label reads “Atlantis, March 19, 1934,” and William C. Schroeder, from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, has kindly informed me that the Atlantis was at Woods Hole on that date. It seems most unlikely that the error can ever be rectified. I strongly doubt that either of the North American specimens has been labeled correctly, because in the enormous collections from the northwestern Atlantic examined, I have not found the southern subspecies nor is there any reference in the literature other than Burkenroad’s to its presence in northern waters. The population of P. a. subtilis extending from the Gulf of Paria approximately to off Camocim, Brazil, shows some characteristics by which it can usually be distinguished from the population of this sub- species from the Caribbean region and that from northern South America and eastern Brazil. The former has the adrostral sulcus shorter (ending ¥ to 141 of the carapace length from the posterior margin of the carapace), much shallower, and more tapering posteriorly; also the 94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington rostrum is longer and more distinctly sinuous. Many individuals, how- ever, have a faint linear indication of the posterior portion of a longer adrostral sulcus. In addition, at both ends of the range of this popu- lation (in the Gulf of Paria and off Camocim), specimens showing the above characters are intermingled with specimens that have a longer and wider adrostral sulcus and a slightly shorter and less sinuous rostrum. Furthermore, in Colombia and Venezuela, the ranges of varia- tion of the length and width of the adrostral sulcus and the length of the rostrum intergrade with those characters in specimens from the Gulf of Paria to northeastern Brazil. Too, the relation K/S ranges to a higher value in the latter population (2-8) than in the former (2-5); K/S modal value is almost the same, however, in both: 3 and 3.5, respectively. It thus seems that these are different populations of P. a. subtilis and that environmental conditions might be acting to produce the characters observed. Penaeus duorarum notialis new subspecies Fig. 4 a-d Camaron acaramelado (“candied shrimp” ); langostino amarillo (“yellow shrimp”); camarén rosado sin mancha (14 . . 929 , . “ce (“pink spotless shrimp”) camarén cocinero (“cook shrimp”); camar6n carbonero, (“coal carrying shrimp” ); > langostino or camarén rosado (“pink shrimp” ). Penaeus brasiliensis: auct. in part; not Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817. Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad in part (“Form B”), 1939. Bull. Bing- ham Oceanogr. Coll. 6, art. 6: 31-52, Figs. 18, 19, 26, 27. Holotype: 16, USNM 119132, off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela, 26 fms, 5 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5664, 11°44’NL, 70°22’WL. Paratypes: CUBA: 24,39, CIP, Mariel, 17 November 1953, I. Perez Farfante. 1¢, USNM, Cape San Antonio—Cape Cajon, 2-12 fms, 24 May 1914, Thomas Barrera. 38, 39, USNM, Doctor Lagoon, Baracoa Beach, 1952, J. Mayor. 14, YPM, Siguanea Bay, Island of Pines, 6 April 1925, Pawnee. 16, 19, USNM, Siguanea Bay, Island of Pines, 1954, G. Canet and I. Pérez Farfante. 23 6, 289, CIP, Gulf of Batabano, 2-6 fms, December 1954, Aida, G. Canet and I. Pérez Farfante. 56, 7@, CIP, Mouth Yumuri River, Matanzas Bay, 1954, C. Sanchez. 102, > Fic. 4. Penaeus duorarum notialis n. subsp. a, Carapace, holotype é 41.5 mm c.l., off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela. b, Petasma, ¢ 34 mm c.l., off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela. c, Thelycum, @ 38 mm c.l., off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela. d, Sixth abdominal somite (posterodorsal portion), 9 42 mm c.l., off Great Pedro Bluff, Jamaica. 95 Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 382, CIP, Tunas de Zaza, 17 June 1954, Camaron II, G. Canet and T. Sanchez. 36, 22, USNM, Cienfuegos Bay, 1954, G. Canet and I. Pérez Farfante. 16, 49, CIP, Nuevitas, 1954, J. Suarez Caabro. 62, 229, CIP, Sevilla Keys, August 1955, Camaron II, G. Canet and I. Pérez Farfante. 1 ¢, YPM, Guantanamo Bay, 22 April 1933, Atlantis. JAMAICA: 214, 312, USNM, 1-11 March 1884, Albatross. 16, YPM, 1-11 March 1884, Albatross. 18,692, YPM, Kingston Market, 1 February 1934. 42, YPM, Kingston, 26 February 1937, I. H. Olsen. 93,59, USNM, 22 fms, 15 May 1962, Oregon Sta. 3545. 86,59, USNM, off Great Pedro Bluff, 11— 12 fms, 18 May 1965, Oregon Sta. 5395. 14146, 719, USNM, off Great Pedro Bluff, 12-13 fms, 18 May 1965, Oregon Sta. 5396. HAITI: 126,62, AMNH, Bizeton, 1 March 1927, W. Beebe. 138, 192, AMNH, Port au Prince, 1927, W. Beebe. PUERTO RICO: 29, USNM, off San Juan, 40 fms, 29 September 1959, Oregon Sta. 2625. 192, USNM, Mayagiiez Bay, winter 1965, Carite, P. W. Glynn. VIRGIN ISLANDS: Tortrota: 16, 39, USNM, 27 fms, 27 September 1959, Oregon Sta. 2612. Sr. Crorx: 26, 49, USNM, Kranse lagoon, H. A. Beatty. Sr. Jouns: 16,19, AMNH, 1932, Antares Expedition, W. Beebe. ARUBA- CURACAO: 44, 29, USNM, 1937, P. W. Hummelinck. HONDURAS: 22.6, 209, USNM, off Ceiba, May 1966, R. Flores. 23, 19, YPM, Turneffe Cay, Gulf of Honduras, 21 April 1925, Pawnee II. 96, 129, USNM, Caratasca, May 1966, R. Flores. NICARAGUA: 29, USNM, Bluefields, 1965, A. Flores. PANAMA: 36, 39, USNM, Bocas del Toro, 15 fms, 28 April 1963, Pelican Sta. 800. 12, USNM, Fox Bay, Colon, 31 March 1911, S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand. 3¢, 29, USNM, Fox Bay, Colon, 22 January 1912, S. E. Meek and S. F. Hilde- brand. 66, 129, USNM, Fox Bay, Colén, 22 March 1912. 94, 19, YPM, Sweetwater River, Limon Bay, Canal Zone, 12 February 1934. COLOMBIA: 144, 239, USNM, Gulf of Uraba, 34 fms, 17 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5728. 66, 69, USNM, off Cape Tiburon, Gulf of Darién, 43 fms, 18 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5731. 63, 139, USNM, Gulf of Morrosquillo, 23 fms, 25 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4886. 19, YPM, Sabanilla, 16-22 March 1884, Albatross. 106, 69, USNM, off Barranquilla, 40-50 fms, 19 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4857. 16, 29, USNM, off Ciénaga, 50 fms, 17 May 1964, Oregon Sta. 4846. 19, USNM, off Departamento de la Guajira, 40 fms, 25 September 1963, Oregon Sta. 4395. VENEZUELA: 924, 109, USNM, off Las Piedras, Gulf of Venezuela, 26 fms, 5 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5684. 106, 29, USNM, Gulf of Venezuela, 12 June 1964, Fioveca, J. J. Ewald. 19, UMML, off Boca Tuy, 1962, Tovar. 19, USNM, off Araguapiche Point, 2-22 fms, 26 August 1958, Oregon Sta. 2207. GUYANA: 192, USNM, off Demerara, 11-22 July 1944, Anglo-American Caribbean Comm., R. J. Whiteleather and H. H. Brown. SURINAM: 164, USNM, off west- ernmost end Surinam, 21 fms, 19 February 1963, Oregon Sta. 4169. 19, USNM, NE mouth Surinam River, 23 fms, 12 May 1957, Coquette Sta. 27. BRAZIL: MaranHdAo: 19, USNM, F. E. Sawyer. Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 97 Description: Rostrum relatively short, reaching at least distal third of second and at most distal end of third antennular segment, high and straight apically. Adrostral sulcus (Fig. 4 a) broad, % to 1% postrostral carina width, wider at level of epigastric spine, width either uniform or slightly narrowing at posterior end, and long, ending 44 to %o carapace length from posterior margin of carapace. Median sulcus deep along entire length, and long, ending immediately anterior to posterior end of adrostral sulcus. Dorsolateral sulcus (Fig. 4 d) broad, relation between keel height and sulcus width ranging from 0.25 to 3, modally 1.75. Third pereopod relatively long, exceeding antennular peduncle by half length of dactyl to % length of carpus. Petasma (Fig. 4 b): Ventral costa broadening and turning proximally abruptly, distal portion armed with minute spines along free border and compact group of large teeth on attached border. Membranous portion of ventrolateral lobule with narrow band of spines, con- sisting of single series distally and three or four rows abreast proxi- mally. Distal fold of free margin of lateral lobe small, either unarmed or with few marginal spinules. Thelycum (Fig. 4 c): Apical process bordered by strongly convex, sharp ridge, surrounding rather strongly concave ventral surface. Pos- terior protuberance bearing single, prominent median carina, extending anteriorly toward apical process. Lateral plates with anteromedian corners slightly divergent, leaving median carina exposed. Color: Although variable in color, P. d. notialis is most frequently light brown, thus the name langostino amarillo in Venezuela, and camaron acaramelado (“candied shrimp”) in Cuba. In certain areas it is pink and is known as camar6én rosado (“pink shrimp”) and in others it is very dark brown and is called camarén carbonero (“coal carrying shrimp”), or camarén cocinero (“cook shrimp” ). In the West Indies this subspecies, like the typical P. duorarum from northern waters, usually has a dark, reddish brown spot on each side at the juncture of the third and fourth abdominal somites. In northern South America, however, P. d. notialis consistently seems to lack these lateral spots. Size: The largest female examined was 48 mm c.l., 192 mm t.l., and the largest male 41 mm c.l., 175 mm tl. Distribution: P. d. notialis ranges from Cuba throughout the Greater Antilles to the Virgin Islands, and from Belize, British Honduras, along the Caribbean coast of Central and South America, and the Atlantic coast of northern South America to Sao Luis, Brazil. It seems to be absent from northeastern Brazil, because it has not been reported nor have I found it in the series examined from Parnaiba to Bahia. P. d. notialis appears again in Ilheus and extends south to Cape Frio. There thus seem to be two discrete populations of “candied shrimp,” one in 98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic coast of northern South America, and another along the coast of eastern Brazil, from Ilheus to Cape Frio. This subspecies is very abundant in some areas in the Caribbean region, apparently is extremely scarce along the Guianas and northern Brazil, but becomes abundant again in the southernmost portion of its range. Name: The name is from the Latin notialis, meaning southern, and refers to its distribution in relation to typical P. duorarum. Remarks: The dorsolateral sulcus of P. d. notialis is wider than that of P. d. duorarum from the northwestern Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Burkenroad (1939) pointed out this difference between the two stocks and called the latter “Form A” and the former “Form B.” The biometric studies I made have indicated a highly significant statis- tical difference in the relation between the height of the keel and the width of the adrostral sulcus: in P. d. notialis K/S ranges from 0.25 to 3, modally 1.75, in P. d. duorarum K/S ranges from 2.5 to 15, modally 4.5. In addition, overlapping is very limited; in only a few specimens of P. d. notialis from south Cuba does K/S reach 3, and in all the rest of the numerous specimens examined by me, including those from north Cuba, K/S is less than 2.5 P. duorarum from the Caribbean region and northern and middle portions of South America is distinct from P. duorarum from northern waters. It should be emphasized that the two stocks, each with a long pelagic larval phase, do not seem to mix across the Gulf Stream. LITERATURE CITED Boscu1, Enrique E. 1963. Los camarones comerciales de la familia Penaeidae de la costa atlantica de América del Sur. Instit. Biol. Mar., Univ. Nacion. Buenos Aires, La Plata. Bol. No. 3: 1-39, Figs. 1-11. BURKENROAD, Martin D. 1934. The Penaeidea of Louisiana with a discussion of their world relationships. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 68, art. 2: 88-93. 1939. Further observations on Penaeidae of the north- ern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 6, art. 6: 1-62, Figs.: 17-53, figs. 16-34. DAvANT, PrerrE. 1963. Clave para la identificacién de los camarones marinos y de rio con importancia econdmica en el oriente de Venezuela. Instit. Oceanogr., Univ. Oriente, Cuadernos Oceanograficos I (1): 1-118, Figs. 1-18. ELDRED, BONNIE AND Rosert F. Hutron. 1960. On the grading and identification of domestic commercial shrimps (family Penae- idae) with a tentative world list of commercial penaeids. Quart. Journ. Florida Acad. Sci. 23 (2): 1-118, Figs. 1-13. Ho.tuuis, Lipke B. 1959. The Crustacea Decapoda of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Leiden No. 44: 62-68, Fig. 6 b—c. Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus 99 Ives, JaMEs E. 1891. Crustacea from the northern coast of Yucatan, the harbor of Vera Cruz, the west coast of Florida and the Bermuda Islands. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 76-207. LINDNER, Mitton J. 1957. Survey of shrimp fisheries of Central and South America. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Special Sci. Report-Fish. No. 235: 1-166, Figs. 1-22. MacaLHAEs, Firno E. 1944. Sdbre o reconhecimento das espécies brasileiras da tribu “Penaeidae” (Crustacea Decapoda). A Voz do Mar, 23 (188): 99-101, Figs. 1-4. Mistaxkipis, MicuaeL N. 1965. Informe a los Gobiernos de Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina sobre investigacién y determinacién de los recursos camaroneros. FAO, Informe No. 1934: 1-47, Figs. 1-8. ORTMANN, ARNOLD. 1891. Die Decapoden-krebse des Strassburger Museums. Zool. Jahr. Jena Syst., Geogr. Biol. 5; 445-449, Tab. 36, Fig. 1 a—c. PEREZ-FARFANTE, IsaBeL. 1953. Los camarones comerciales de Cuba. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 21 (2): 1-16, 2 Fig. 1954. Los camarones comerciales de Cuba (part 2) Centro Investig. Pesqueras, Contrib. No. 6: 1-31, Figs. 1-6. PEREZ-FARFANTE, IsaBEL, J. T. Acosta, AND M. A. AtEmMany. 1961. Datos sobre la biologia pesquera del camarén (Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad). Instit. Cubano Invest. Tecn. No. 20: 1-76, Figs. 1-16. SitvA, OLINTHO DA. 1965. Algunos dos peneidos e palinurideos do Atlantico do sul. SUDEPE, Minist. Agric. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 1-11. TREMEL, ERNESTO AND MicHAEL N. MistTakipis. 1965. Algunas ob- servacdes sObre a pesca do camarao no Estado de Santa Catarina (1961-1963). Centro Pesqui. Pesca, Depart. Estad. Caca Pesca: 1-5, Table I-III. Ba hie met a a om, | BY = ) \ i i; j t q # | Aa te YLT ah Hx » ei a) ae Dg er — + ve a 5 f { he ‘ or & of ‘ ‘€ = t { ( Es 1 aS ee { u a f Sa é i < y f iy pe Et \ es) \ me) r > Nie Gey In om on 4 ie ae ) / , th) i } j ey f ' \/ i ss f ' { i ~ QH ul B4x NH 30, pp. 101-104 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW INSULAR SUBSPECIES OF SPINY POCKET MOUSE (MAMMALIA; RODENTIA) By Ricuarp C. BANKS Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife; U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. Recent work on islands in the northerm part of the Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, has revealed the presence of two previously unreported populations of Spiny Pocket Mouse, Perognathus spinatus Merriam. These populations seem not to differ from one another, but they are recognizably distinct from others on nearby islands and on the peninsula of Baja California. Perognathus spinatus lorenzi new subspecies Holotype: Adult male, San Diego Natural History Museum no. 19901, collected on South San Lorenzo Island (28° 36’ N lat., 112° 51’ W long.), Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, 22 October 1964, by Richard C. Banks; original number 2366. Diagnosis: Similar in size to P. s. guardia Burt of Angel de la Guarda Island to the north, but darker in color and with a shorter, shallower skull. Lighter in color and much smaller than P. s. prietae Huey of the nearby mainland of Baja California. Somewhat larger than P. s. evermanni Nelson and Goldman of Mejia Island and brownish rather than gray in overall coloration. Distinguished from all these pop- ulations by the extremely dark dorsal tail stripe and by the shorter, shal- lower skull. Measurements of holotype in mm: Total length, 169; tail length, 93; hind foot, 20; ear, 8; skull length, 23.9; length of nasals, 9.4; skull width, 12.2; skull depth, 7.7; interorbital width, 6.1; length of maxillary tooth row, 3.5; weight, 13.4 grams; testes 2 x 4 mm. Range: South San Lorenzo Island and North San Lorenzo Island (28° 42’ N lat., 112° 57’ W long.), Gulf of California; Baja California, Mexico. Only ihrer specimens are available from.North San Lorenzo; but these appear to differ in no way from* the large series from thé » other island. it ~ 2 pruang Comments: The four populations of P. spinatus. ddisidered here may be characterized briefly as follows. P. s. evermanni is a small, short- 15—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 : (101) 102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of four subspecies of Perognathus spinatus. Sexes are combined except for external measurements of P. s. prietae, the only instance where sexual dimorphism is significant. (M = mean; R= range; N = number in sample) evermanni guardia lorenzi prietae M 152.5 160.5 160.4 -6 186.6 = 9 174.9 Total length R 142-160 155-175 152-169 ¢179-195 2 165-186 N 23 11 “48 6 10 O68 M TAThai 85.5 88.5. é 108.0 2 99.6 Tail length 68-86 79-95 80-98 6 105-112 @ 91-108 N 23 ll 18 $10 9 8 M 23.8 24.3 22.8 24.6 Skull length R 23.0-24.6 23.0-25.7 21.5-24.0 23.8-25.8 N 26 12 19 22, M 17 12.0 11.6 12.6 Skull width R 11.3-12.0 11.4-12.5 10.8—12.2 12.1-13.1 N pat iD 20 3 ge M 8.0 8.0 Tet 8.3 Skull depth R 7.7-8.4 7.6-8.2 7.4-7.9 7.7-8.6 N a 12 21 PAE M 9.1 9.5 8.8 9.3 Lengthofnasals R 8.7-9.7 9.0-10.5 8.1-9.7 8.5-10.3 N 95 11 19 29, tailed, dark gray mouse; P. s. prietae is large, with a long tail and a large skull, and is dark brown in color. P. s. guardia is intermediate in most features of size, but is the palest of the populations, and is brown rather than gray. The newly described P. s. lorenzi is similar to guardia in external measurements of size (total length and tail length), and in color is between the pale guardia and dark prietae. The dark dorsal tail stripe of lorenzi is particularly distinctive. The skull of P. s. prietae is larger than the others in all dimensions, approached most closely by P. s. guardia. The skull is shortest (in greatest length of skull), narrowest (in width of braincase) and shal- lowest (in depth of skull and auditory bullae) in P. s. lorenzi; P. s. evermanni is intermediate in length of the skull, but very close to New Spiny Pocket Mouse | 103 lorenzi in skull width and to guardia in skull depth. Much, but not all, of the variation in skull length is a correlate of variation in the length of the nasals; these bones are longest in guardia and shortest in lorenzi. The measurements from which the above characterizations were drawn are summarized in Table 1. The San Lorenzo Island population is, in the features of length and width of the skull and length of nasals, the smallest of all of the Gulf of California insular populations (cf. Burt, 1932:170). There seem to be no meaningful differences between lorenzi and the nearby populations in length of the maxillary tooth row or in the interorbital width, which were also measured. The two San Lorenzo Islands are at the southern end of a submerged ridge trending generally southeastward from Mejia and Angel de la Guarda islands, roughly parallel to the east coast of the peninsula of Baja California. This chain of islands is separated from the peninsula by the extremely deep Salsipuedes Basin. No pocket mice have been taken from the other, smaller islands in the chain (Partida, Raza, and Salsipuedes), although what may have been pocket mouse sign was noted on Partida Island. Specimens examined: Twenty-seven P. s. evermanni from Mejia Is- land (25, San Diego Natural History Museum; 2, Direccién General de la Fauna Silvestre, Mexico); 13 P. s. guardia (12, SDNHM; I, U.S. National Museum); 21 P. s. lorenzi from South San Lorenzo Island (20, SDNHM; 1, DGFS) and 3 from North San Lorenzo Island (2, SDNHM; 1, DGFS); 22 P. s. prietae from 25 mi. N Punta Prieta and Barril, Baja California (SDNHM). Acknowledgments: Collecting in Baja California was done under per- mit from the Direccién General de la Fauna Silvestre; I appreciate the cooperation of the Mexican authorities in this and other projects in their country.. This work was done under the auspices of the San Diego Natural History Museum and was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant (GB-2317) for the operation of the museum’s field station at Bahia de los Angeles. Dedication: This paper is dedicated to the memory of E. Yale Dawson, former Director of the San Diego Natural History Museum and a com- panion in the field work from which this paper results. LITERATURE CITED Burt, W. H. 1932. Descriptions of heretofore unknown mammals from islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7:161-182. 104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington DEO) ey sine 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE GENERIC ALLOCATION OF THE FROG CERATOPHRYS STOLZMANNI STEINDACHNER, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES FROM ECUADOR By James A. PETERS | United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560 The name Ceratophrys stolzmanni Steindachner (1882) was based on three frogs from Tuimbez, a locality in the coastal desert of northwestern Peru. No additional specimens have been taken. A series of specimens of a Ceratophrys that is clearly closely related to stolzmanni has been taken over the past twenty years in the coastal plain of Pacific Ecuador. Al- though there is a considerable distance between the localities in Ecuador and Tumbez, and there are no specimens from intermediate areas that indicate genetic exchange can take place between the isolated populations, I describe the Ecua- dorian material as a new subspecies, because I wish to em- phasize the similarities, and because I suspect that the re- lationship is on the subspecific level. Ceratophrys stolzmanni scaphiopeza new subspecies Figs. 1-3 Holotype: USNM 160970, male, from Cuatro Hermanitos, an ex- perimental farm approximately 4 km WNW of Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador, altitude approximately 50 m, collected 17 June 1954 by James A. Peters (field no. JAP 1744). Paratypes: USNM 118268-77, Salinas, Guayas Province, Ecuador, collected by Lt. J. Hamilton; UCMVZ 77182, Playas, Guayas Province, Ecuador, collected by T. Papenfuss. Diagnosis: A Ceratophrys lacking a bony shield on dorsum; no horn on upper eyelid; skin of dorsum smooth except witl ot spots; skin of sides and belly smooth, with faintygr FN distinct; prominent black edged metatarsal shovel, tarsal fold present.” ro This combination of characters, plus others m ie ah a ae if Hecte \ scription, suffice to distinguish this subspeciest vom er we j, of the genus, including C. stolzmanni. Nw - IBF a1 WA A 16—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 “™ tif VN 106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington eal Cian Fic. 1. Ceratophrys stolzmanni scaphiopeza, holotype, dorsal view. Description: Vomerine teeth in two small, widely separated, ovate series between choanae; tongue ovate, not or very slightly notched pos- teriorly; snout short, sharply declivous, rounded from above, with upper jaw slightly protrusive above lower. Nostrils directed posteriorly, with distinct flap of skin at anterior margin; situated at point of snout where angle of declivity increases sharply; distance between nostrils less than distance from nostril to corner of eye which in turn is less than dis- tance from nostril to snout tip. Distinct ridge from nostril to snout tip; second, less distinct ridge across loreal region from nostril, and third ridge forming curve around anterior eye margin across cheek to slightly above lip line, where third ridge and nostril ridge merge with ridge that arises in temporal region and passes below eye. Horizontal ridge around upper margin of upper lid. Canthus rostralis forms distinct ridge; less pro- New Frog from Ecuador 107 3, aS : : uy 3 i * ys # 4 ° ek, uae ee ily 8 i = $ % z 2 < Bp i aye Pay : i a 4 ri x # & o § ¥.% > a ee © 2S = : Py} aa ACM, Fics. 2 and 3. Ceratophrys stolzmanni scaphiopeza, holotype. 2, lateral view of head. 3, ventral view. nounced. postorbital ridge curving over and ending in weak boss or knob slightly behind tympanum; a weak subtympanic ridge. All ridges speckled with minute tubercles in holotype; tubercles do not appear dis- tinctly in juvenile paratypes. Eyelid, without dermal horn, extends over eye, forming wide flap more heavy and glandular along outer margin than 108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington elsewhere. Tympanum visible, vertically ovate, diameter about one-half eye diameter. Body very short, rather stubby; body skin lying in several folds over _ forelimb, which is covered by skin to level of elbow, skinfolds extend from there to about mid-thigh, forming baggy flap along sides; skin of lower sides and belly faintly granulate in holotype, slightly more prom- inent in paratypes. Forelimbs short, stubby, usually only lower part not enfolded in skin; granulate and pustulate in dark spots; each finger fleshy, free, with indistinct, flattened dermal ridge laterally; first finger distinctly longer than second; tubercle at base of first finger prominent, elongate, ovate, or kidneyshaped, appears heavier in males than females, tubercle at base of third and fourth fingers well developed; subarticular tubercles strong. Hind legs short; heel reaches to between axilla and posterior margin of tympanum, heels do not touch when hind legs are held at right angles to body; thighs heavily pustulate, particularly on ventral and posterior faces, tibia-fibula with pustules in dark spots; each toe fleshy, webbed at base, with dermal ridge laterally, extending to tip; pronounced, blackedged, keratinized shovel on inner margin of foot, with tarsal fold from shovel to heel; no outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles only on basal joints of toes. Measurements: The measurements of the holotype and paratypes of the new subspecies, as well as the syntypes of C. stolzmanni stolzmanni, are given in Table 1. Color in alcohol: Dorsal ground color brown, with darker brown to black spots and blotches. A broad dark stripe from eyelid to eyelid across occiput, another from eye along canthus to snout tip, third from eye vertically or slightly diagonally posteriorly to lip. Usually one small dark spot, which may extend to nostril, on loreal region and lip, between canthal stripe and stripe below eye; second, diffuse, widening spot be- hind eye, usually extending across tympanum to shoulder. Spots on body generally irregularly paired and elongate anteroposteriorly; spots on sides smaller and more numerous. Belly almost immaculate dirty- white, a few spots laterally in some individuals; chin heavily spotted and streaked with dark brown. Legs as body, with prominent spots dorsally to base of digits. Hind foot blackish both dorsally and ventrally; fore- foot light. Color in life: (from holotype) General ground color grayish-green; all darker areas dark reddish-brown or black. Lighter areas on back with faint greenish tinge; middle of lighter areas often with light orange streak. These orange streaks more prominent on head, where one runs from corner of eye to snout tip, and another from posterior corner of eye to lip, at slight angle. Eye with fairly obvious golden ring. Legs greenish-gray above, with definite orange tint below. Stripes on chin light chocolate brown; rest of venter white. Comparisons: I have compared the type series with two of the three syntypes (Vienna Mus. 4631) of Ceratophrys stolzmanmi Steindachner. The primary difference between the nominate form and scaphiopeza lies New Frog from Ecuador 109 in the degree of wartiness and pustulation on the body. In s. stolzmanni the areas of ground color on the dorsum are studded with pustules; in s. scaphiopeza there are practically no pustules in the ground color areas. The sides and belly of s. stolzmanni are thickly granular and in part pustulate; in s. scaphiopeza these areas are either quite smooth or lightly granular. The skin in s. stolzmanni is thicker and heavier than in scaphi- opeza, and is perhaps less permeable to water. The skin in scaphiopeza is quite thin and delicate for an animal inhabiting a desert area. Although it is difficult to know what effect different preservation techniques may have had on skin folds, it appears that the body skin is more sacklike in scaphiopeza, extending to the elbows on the forearms and to the knees on the hind limbs; in s. stolzmanni it extends only slightly below the axilla and the groin. Both the holotype and the specimen from Playas are dark, with a dark brown ground color and much darker blotches. The paratypes from Salinas are much lighter brown, with almost tan ground color, and slightly darker blotches, and resemble very closely the pattern of the syntypes of s. stolzmanni. It would seem either that there is strong dichromatism or even polychromatism in scaphiopeza or that both the series of Salinas paratypes of scaphiopeza and the syntypes of s. stolzmanni have been badly faded in preservative. Generic allocation: The published distinctions between the genera Ceratophrys Boie and Odontophrynus Reinhardt and Liitken have been so slight in the past that some authors have synonymized them, following Boulenger (1882, p. 221). The principal character used to separate them has been the horn on the upper eyelid in Ceratophrys, which is lacking in Odontophrynus. On this basis, C. stolzmanni should be assigned to Odontophrynus. Recently, however, Reig and Limeses (1963) have reviewed the frog genera related to Ceratophrys, and have found several additional differences. They point out that each tooth in Odontophrynus is small and blunt, and is made up of a short pedicel and equally short crown, with the tooth length less than its anteroposterior diameter. On the other hand, a tooth in Ceratophrys is long, sharp and needlelike, con- siderably longer than wide, with a distinct posteriorly directed curve, and, according to Reig and Limeses, no distinction between the crown and the pedicel. Ceratophrys, however, does have a crown and pedicel. The crown is formed first, with the pedicel appearing at about the time the crown has moved into its permanent position from its “seed-tooth” lo- cation. The two fuse completely, and the mature tooth is firmly ankylosed to the jaw, with the boundary between the crown and pedicel visible only under high magnification. The teeth in Odontophrynus are much more similar to the typical salientian tooth, as described and figured by Parsons and Williams (1962), with an open root on the parapet of the jaw, and rapid loss and replacement of the crown. The teeth in Cera- tophrys stolzmanni scaphiopeza are long, recurved, and sharp, appearing to be very similar to other members of the same genus, but, unfortunately, the only adult specimen available is the holotype, and it is not possible 110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ee a a SS GV GV al c9 Lgl CVE 8 LG 6 VG ©6P ro BS G1e9r T:1s9F Z8ILL 9Le8IT ZAWON WNSO WNSON WNSO Ne ee ee WA adAyuig odAéquds TS SV eal Gh £06 6 GY 6 TE G'LG €8S T'09 WA ee Oe SL Le L'6 TG 691 0'ST L6G 9°CE ‘Ajoyernooe oinsveul 0} pe JO YUE} JSorvou OY} 0} OFB S}UOUTOINSBeUT TV se se Vol oa ect c'0t 9°€G S16 TGV V9OP rom Iv OTT TS evi L'8G T'G6 G16 —— GLOSII ELSSII GLE8IT WNSQ. ia Ste roan a 8S ol CTE LV ec LLp 86h SV 6 CGI G9 ULI 8'9€ 8°96 TVG 8°67 ens ov 67 Let a5 vor Tage LLG T'96 00s OVS L's St VGCI 0'9 TLI BLS 9'¥6 88h ass 09 SV Gol o9 691 get €'9G 6 VG LLY CCS cP cv Tel Ea ol O'VE SG L6G 8'SP L'LYV 19 PreAe JO UAPEAA 9c Qoue}sIP [e}Iq1010}U] GOL 949 0} JNOUS e838 Jo}OUIeIp dA LGB yurof 0} souy—“eINqY-eIqLL, V'Ly Apoq 0} ienorpuedied usyM sou 0} VOU T'¥E (PIM peoy ysaqwary 6 TE Mel JO JaUIOO 0} NOUS 9°09 YySsua] XAD909 JO pus 0} JNOUg ferere) YISuUg] JIA 0} ynoUS ILZSIT OLZ8IT 69S8TT 89ZSTT OLEO9T WNSQO WNSQ WNSO WNSN WNSO sodAqeieg admuig: e0MWiS = “Se ae a eee ad AQO[OP] 410}U0D 00} ae vzadorydyos jo sodAyered OM], “IoJOUNTT[TUT & ‘suumuzjo3s shrydoyiaD Jo suouttoads e[quemseoul Te JO WWoUTOINseOW, *T TIAV I, New Frog from Ecuador 111 to determine the tooth condition satisfactorily without multilating the specimen. In the juvenile paratypes, the teeth are still in such an early stage of development that the ankylosis is not clear. In her paper on the thigh musculature of ceratophrynid frogs, Limeses (1964) discussed a series of characters that more or less distinguish be- tween Ceratophrys and Odontophrynus. It is difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate these characters adequately without comparative material in each genus. Comparison of the subspecies of C. stolzmanni with the ma- terial used and described by Limeses will provide further clues on the relationships. Habitat: The type-locality is clearly in a marginal habitat for the subspecies. The holotype was collected on the experimental farm “Cuatro Hermanitos,’ near Guayaquil, where I also collected the lizard Ophry- oessoides iridescens Giinther, the toad Bufo marinus Linnaeus, and the frog Rana palmipes Spix. The R. palmipes and the new Ceratophrys were found together in a barrel sunken into the ground and covered with boards, less than half full of water. Guayaquil is on the eastern margin of the coastal desert, but both of the other localities for the new subspecies lie well within it. The vegeta- tion around Guayaquil and the experimental farm can be described as tropical scrub, which is usually fairly open with few trees, but remains green during about half of the year. The desert around Playas and Salinas, on the other hand, is open and sandy, with scattered, low, desert vegetation, and trees are absent except near temporary stream beds. Rainfall is very scanty, as it is in most of that part of the western coast of South America lying under the influence of the Humboldt Current. Occasionally rain falls heavily in the area. The genus Ceratophrys includes several species that are good bur- rowers, even in more equable environments, but in this case I believe the digging ability has permitted the species access to the coastal deserts. Although data are not available to verify it, my conjecture is that this species occupies the same niche here as do the toads of the genus Scaphiopus in southwestern United States, living deep in the ground during long dry periods, perhaps for several years at a time. This con- jecture is strengthened by the occurrence of a heavy, comified, shovel- like structure on the hind foot, very similar to that of Scaphiopus. In Scaphiopus the adults come to the surface in response to a soaking rainfall, breed, and disappear. The eggs and larvae have an accelerated developmental period. I predict that C. stolzmanni will be found to have a similar life cycle. Acknowledgments: Dr. Robert Stebbins, of the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (abbreviated UCMVZ) made available the paratype in his collection, and Ted Papenfuss, of the same institution, sent me added information on the habitat where the specimen was collected. Dr. Osvaldo Reig, now of the Universidad Central, Caracas, Venezuela, made it possible for me to see the syn- types of C. stolzmanni Steindachner. Dr. Doris Cochran, of the United 112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington States National Museum (abbreviated USNM), recognized the novelty of the specimens from Salinas, and called them to my attention many years ago. To each I express my thanks for their aid. LITERATURE CITED BouLENGER, GEorRGE A. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. British Museum, London: xvi + 503 pp. LimesEs, Cetia E. 1964. La musculatura del muslo en los Cerato- frinidos y formas afines. Univ. Buenos Aires, Fac. Cienc., Cont. Cient., Ser. Zool., 1 (4): 189-245. Parsons, THOMAs S. AND ERNEST E.. WituiAMs. 1962. The teeth of Amphibia and their relation to amphibian phylogeny. Jour. Morph., 110 (3): 375-390. Reic, OsvaLpo A. AND CELIA E. LimesEs. 1963. Un nuevo género de anuros Ceratofrinidos del Distrito Chaqueno. Physis, 24 (67): 113-128. STEINDACHNER, FRANZ. 1882. Batrachologische Beitrige. Sitz. Math.- Naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Vienna, 85 (1): 188-194. i 1. 80, pp. 113-116 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON POTAMOCYPRIS BOWMANI, A NEW FRESHWATER OSTRACOD FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.! By Epwarp FErcuson, Jr. Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City A new species of freshwater ostracod from the vicinity of Washington, D.C., is described. Potamocypris bowmani, new species brings to 10 the number of species of the genus Pota- mocypris recorded from North America. Genus Potamocypris Brady, 1870 Cyprid ostracods with compressed valves; natatory setae usually well developed, but frequently few in number and not reaching tips of claws. Furcal ramus reduced to a flagel- lum. Ultimate podomere of maxillary palp broadened distally. KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF Potamocypris FROM NORTH AMERICA 1. Maximum length of valves of female greater than 0.55 mm __________. 3 1’. Maximum length of valves of female 0.55 mm ___...--- 2 2. Valves with two dark-green dorsolateral stripes — ot eet SOE ee Oe Deen Ee eae Oe P. elegantula Furtos, 1933 2’. Valves without dorsolateral dark-green stripes ee et A Se P. variegata (Brady and Norman, 1889) 3. Maximum length of valves of female 0.56-0.68 mm _____._____-_____. ul 3’. Maximum length of valves of female greater than 0.68 mm ________. 4 4, Length of valves of female 0.70-0.71 mm ___... 5 4’. Length of valves of female greater than 0.71 mm ___.. 6 5. Flagellum of furca with length twice that of base _.... ooh I tats es Sl RTs SM RTO P. hyboforma Dobbin, 1941 5’. Flagellum of furca with length three times that of base __.__. aul ge 3 PE LDS ee P. pallida Alm, 1914 6. Maximum length of valves 0.77 mm; color light brown with scattered patches of green near middle _______ P. bowmani, new species 6’. Maximum length of valves 0.81 mm; color green with concentra- 1 This study was supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB-5553. 17—Proc Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 80, 1967 (113) 114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fics. 1-7. Potamocypris bowmani. 1, Lateral view from left side of female holotype. 2, Radial pore canals from anterior margin of female paratype. 3, Pore canals along posterior margin of valve of female paratype. 4, furca of female paratype. 5, Second antenna of female paratype. 6, Maxilla and maxillary palp of female paratype. 7, Third thoracic appendage of female paratype. New Freshwater Ostracod 115 tion oF pigment, InwOCUlAT) TE@ION We Lewis a 1 NE NT ke OEY A se abs P. saskatchewanensis Ferguson, 1959 7. Natatory setae of antennae greatly reduced, not reaching tips of SHANG S LR ERT SERPS SLND YP NN ret Won Oa eID AA 8 7’. Natatory setae extend beyond tips of claws __.......--- 9 Gy icength of valves 0.56 mimi) Jab o P. illinoisensis Hoff, 1943 8’. Length of valves 0.68 mm __....._-_. P. comosa Furtos, 1933 9. Right and left valves of approximately equal length _.._______. ec SH OE I BSAA al RR a eh PE P. islandgrandensis Hoff, 1943 9’. Left valve distinctly longer than right wo ES LS SLE Oe LAE P. smaragdina (Vavra, 1891) i Potamocypris bowmani new species (Figs. 1-7) Female: Eye prominent. Valves compressed; dorsum broadly and uniformly arched, sloping gently anteriorly and posteriorly; ventral margin of left valve with a distinct sinuation, ventral margin of right valve almost straight; anterior and posterior margins rounded, anterior more broadly so; anteroventral margin with nine or 10 long hairs, postero- ventral margin with eight hairs; margins of valves except dorsally with radial pore canals; surface of valve with numerous puncta, but without other ornamentation; right valve overlaps left; length of right valve 0.77 mm, height 0.42 mm; length of left valve 0.74 mm, height 0.34 mm; color of valves light brown with scattered patches of green near middle of valve. Natatory setae of antenna poorly developed, not reaching tips of claws; claws pectinated. Spines of maxillary processes smooth; proximal podomere of palp with a length three and one-half times that of terminal podomere and having denticles on spines; ultimate podomere triangular, broadened distally. Ultimate podomere of third thoracic appendage with a long reflexed seta and a short, curved pectinated one. Furca having a long tapering flagellum separated from broad base, flagel- lum with a length three times that of base; dorsal seta appears to be absent. Male: Unknown. Type-locality: Potamocypris bowmani was collected from a small spring in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., by Dr. Thomas E. Bow- man of the United States National Museum. Type-specimens: An unstained microscopic mount of the female holo- type, USNM catalogue no. 119638, a stained microscopic mount of a female paratype, USNM cat. no. 119639, and two unstained female paratypes, USNM cat. nos. 119641 and 119642 respectively, are deposited in the United States National Museum. Remarks: The new species is named in honor of Dr. Thomas E. Bow- man. In size P. bowmani comes within the range of P. saskatchewanensis Ferguson, 1959, but differs from the latter in the absence of the strong, “3 116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington backwardly directed spines covering the surface of the valves; the valves of the new species are light brown, those of P. saskatchewanensis are green with a heavy concentration of pigment in the ocular region. P. bowmani differs from all other North American species of the genus in the apparent absence of the dorsal seta of the furca. LITERATURE CITED Frercuson, Epwarp Jr. 1959. The ostracod genus Potamocypris with the description of a new species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 72: 133-138. Explanation of figures: All drawings, except Figs. 2 and 3, were made from unstained specimens mounted in glycerin and prepared by Louis S. Kornicker of the United States National Museum. Figs. 2 and 3 were made from a specimen stained with a 1% alcoholic solution of eoxin Y and mounted in Canada balsam. 1. 80, pp. 117-122 | 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TRICHOPETALUM SUBTERRANEUM, NEW SPECIES FROM KENTUCKY, NEW RECORDS AND A KEY TO THE GENUS (DIPLOPODA; CHORDEUMIDA; TRICHOPETALIDAE ) By Neti B. CAusry Department of Zoology, Louisiana State University | Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 The margins of the range of the family Trichopetalidae pass through Nova Scotia, Colorado, and San Luis Potosi (Causey, 1963). The greatest number of taxa are in northeastern North America, where there are both epigean and troglobitic repre- sentatives. Trichopetalum Harger, the most widely distributed genus, is unusual in that its range is relatively large for a millipede genus and the number of species is small. It is prob- ably ancestral to the troglobitic genera Scoterpes Packard and Zygonopus Ryder. Genus Trichopetalum Harger Trichopetalum Harger, 1872, Amer. Jour. Sci. Arts 4: 117. Cook and Collins, 1895, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 62-63. Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 212: 102. Type-species: Trichopetalum lunatum Harger. Range: North America from Nova Scotia west to Wisconsin, Missouri, and Louisiana; absent from the Southeastern States. Species: 4. This omits T. montis Chamberlin, which I believe refer- able to Tynopus. Diagnosis: pene trichopetalids 5 to 8 mm long, with 28 and one shortis series or (rarely) of one series, and small which long, fine segmental setae are arranged in sy gonopods consist of large coxal region with congpicuous eel oA and sometimes ectal coxite, and telopodite wi thin lamella; sternum is X-shaped. Posterior elongated articles which articulate at about a right thicker than walking legs; gland opening on mesia 18—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 80, 1967 GE) pseulloflagellum ai opods consist of 4 le, and are seldom ace’ of ‘basal= a at \% ji fy ft PA 118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington hex sae, wh Wy Se, SYS SS CFA ~ We aA ie as i a. Fic. 1. Trichopetalum lunatum, apex of coxite of anterior gonopod of topotype. Fics. 2-5. T. subterraneum, paratype. 2, anterior gono- pods, anterior view. 3, apex of main coxite of anterior gonopod, ectal view. 4, ectal coxite of anterior gonopod, subectal view. 5, anterior gonopods, caudal view. article; distal article usually ends in spine. Pregonopodal legs bear no special lobes. Coxae of legpairs 10 and 11 have gland openings. KEY TO SPECIES OF Trichopetalum BASED ON ANTERIOR GONOPODS 1. With 2 coxites, of which mesial is much larger than ectal _...___. 2 With only 1 coxite, which is in mesial position ___......----_ 3 2. Apex of main coxite divided into 2 long, subequal prongs; ectal . coxite long, resembling prong of main coxite _________-______- uncum Apex of main coxite ends in 2 angles (Fig. 3); ectal coxite short, acute, attached by short band, and turned caudad (Fig. 4) Tg ae AN ai sik Mae LON | RM al subterraneum, n. sp. New Species of Trichopetalum 119 3. Apex of coxite varied, with 2 or 3 minute shallow emarginations (CEL MAL) i OER EE Ne ee Ce ae Sage co lunatum ‘Apex of coxite conspicuously U- shaped, with one prong wider that voter’: f. SM scsi CLA a eh RR cornutum Trichopetalum cornutum Cook and Collins Trichopetalum cornutum Cook and Collins, 1895, Ann. New York Acad. ‘Sci. 9: 66, Figs. 46-49. Causey, 1961, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 119. New records: Inp1ana. Porter Co., Dune Acres, Cowles Bog, 16 April 1960, W. Suter. Kentucky. Wolfe Co., Pineville, 12 March 1966, B. Branson. MicuicANn. Berrien Co., Lakeside, Warren Woods, 14 January 1960, W. Suter. TENNESSEE. Blount Co., Cades Cove, 1 April 1960, W. Suter. Trichopetalum lunatum Harger Fig. 1 Trichopetalum lunatum Harger, 1872, Amer. Jour. Sci. Arts 4: 118, pl. 11, Figs. 1-4. Cook and Collins, 1895, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 63, Figs. 52, 53. Jawlowski, 1939, Frag. Faun, Mus. Zool. Pol., Warszawa 4: 151-152, Fig. 1. Causey, 1951, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 119, Figs. 6-8. Chamberlin aid Hoffman, 1958, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 212, p. 102. Trichopetalum ? lunatum, Palmen, 1952, Ann. Zool. Soc. Vanamo 15: 8- 11, Figs. 10-17. Trichopetalum album Cook and Collins, 1895, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 64-66, pls. 11-111, Figs. 22-29, 36-45. Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 212, p. 102. NEW SYN- ONYMY. Holotype: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, if extant. Type-locality: New Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Range: Southwestern Newfoundland to northeastern Wisconsin aad south to Pennsylvania. I have examined specimens from the type-locality, eastern Pennsyl- vania, and Wisconsin and have found no reason for maintaining lunatum and albans as separate species. The apical region of the coxite (errone- ously referred to as the telopodite by some authors) of the anterior gonopods of a topotype is shown in Fig. 1; it varies minutely, as shown by Cook and Collins (op. cit., Figs. 36-41). Likewise, the uneven margin of the denticulate lamella varies. This lamella, which was er- roneously shown by Cook and Collins (op. cit., Fig. 43) on the stemum of the posterior gonopods, always comes out with the anterior gonopods and appears to be part of the telopodite. As in other members of the family, there is no coxite on the posterior gonopods. 120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Trichopetalum subterraneum new species Figs. 2-5 Diagnosis: Near T. lunatum, differing especially in that the anterior gonopods have a short, acute, ectal coxite. Holotype: Male. Length about 6 mm Ocelli black, 6, 2 in lunate arrangement. Article 5 of antennae thickest and longest. Legpairs 3 through 7 not thickened; 10 and 11 have coxal glands. Shoulders of most body segments square, with 2 setae on ectal margin and a third seta just mesiad of more anterior of marginal setae, forming a right triangle. Mesial coxite of anterior gonopods long and gently curved caudad; apex, viewed ventrally, acute and twisted slightly toward homologue (Fig. 2); viewed laterally, apex is squarish (Fig. 3). Ectal coxite (Fig. 4) short, attached by narrow band, tumed caudad; 3 large setae and numerous minute setae near coxite. 3 stout setae in vertical series on mesial region of coxa; broad band of minute setae ectad of stout setae. Telopodite, viewed caudally (Fig. 5), consists of simple, thickly branched pseudoflagellum almost as long as main coxite and of wide, thin lamella acute at apex and even along margins. . Posterior gonopods consist of 2 long articles about as thick as walking legs; basal article has conspicuous pore on mesial surface and is well separated from homologue; distal article ends in long, slender spine. Variations: Several paratypes differ from the holotype in the arrange- ment and number of ocelli. 6, 2 is the most frequent number of ocelli. I have also found 6, 1, only 6, and only 5. If there is only one row of ocelli, 2 in middle are large, suggesting fusion with short row. Type-locality and deposition of specimens: Slacks (= Bryants) Cave, Scott Co., Kentucky. 9 males, including holotype, and 11 females, col- lected 18 January 1963 and 1 February 1965 by T. C. Barr, Jr., and John R. Holsinger, respectively. Holotype and 4 paratypes of each sex are in U. S. Nat. Mus. and remaining specimens are in my collection. Ecology: All known specimens are from a cave in northcentral Ken- tucky about 15 miles north of Lexington. They were found up to a mile from the entrance, principally on rotting wood in a log jam. Both troglobites (Islandiana Braendergaard, spiders; Pseudanophthalmus Jean- nel, beetles) and troglophiles (Linopodes Koch), as well as a number of trogloxenes and accidentals were found in the same area of the cave. I suspect that this species is a troglophile. The collectors have carefully searched for millipedes in numerous caves in Kentucky and adjacent states and found many of these caves with Scoterpes and Zygonopus (all troglobites) and a few with Trichopetalum uncum ( a troglophile). Unfortunately, the epigean sites in this area have not been collected as assiduously for millipedes as the caves have been. New Species of Trichopetalum 121 Trichopetalum uncum Cook and Collins Trichopetalum uncum Cook and Collins, 1895, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 66, Fig. 51. Causey, 1951, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 119. New records; OxLAHOMA. Muscogee Co., Ft. Gibson, Dresser Cave. Missourt. Dade Co., Carrico Cave, 31 March 1965. Stone Co., Marvel Cave, 2 April 1959, T. C. Barr, Jr. Kenrucxy. Edmonson Co., Mam- moth Cave Nat. Pk.,. Mammoth Cave Hollow, 25 November 1960, D. Reichle. LITERATURE CITED Causty, Nett B. 1963. Mexiterpes sabinus, new genus and new species, a Mexican troglobite (Diplopoda: Trichopetalidae). Psyche 70: 235-239, Figs. 1-3. ¢ 122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing : oe ae rn ah — | | | } ; e { ' ¥ ss) oo } 1 cy re g a . 80, pp. 123-130 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF AMPHILIMNA (ECHINODERMATA; OPHIUROIDEA )! By Lowe.u P. THoMaS Institute of Marine Science University of Miami Until recently most brittlestars have been assigned to fam- ilies on the basis of easily seen external characters. The char- acters considered diagnostic of the family Amphiuridae (paired infradental papillae, one to four distal oral papillae, slender arms, and short arm spines) are, however, not always reliable. Paired infradental papillae, in combination with other sys- tematic characters associated with amphiurids, may occur in ophiacanthids, ophiocomids (Ophiopsila Forbes, 1843), ophio- chitonids, and amphilepidids; and systematists have occasion- ally mistaken members of these families for amphiurids. Shiro Murakami’s (1963) detailed study of the dental and oral plates of brittlestars now provides a basis for comparisons of internal skeletal structure, and gives the systematist a test for his analysis of external characters. Examination of the internal structure of Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman, 1869), in the light of Murakami’s findings, has convinced me that Amphilimna (Verrill, 18992) belongs in the family Ophiacan- thidae. Furthermore, one of its two species is an ophiocomid. The reasons for these conclusions are the subject of this paper. I wish to thank Roy Oleréd, of the Stockholm Museum, for allowing me to examine the holotype of Amphilimna caribea (Ljungman, 1871). I also acknowledge, with gratitude, the National Science Foundation, which has supported this work under grants G-23649 and GB-4936. Family OPHIACANTHIDAE” “en Amphilimna olivacea. (Lyman; (oo Figs. 16 iy Ophiocnida olivacea Lyman, 1869: 340; 181: 1 wr lye Figs. mgt a ae 8 TP Ge & } 1 Contribution No. 809 from the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami. oe, | 19—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 80, 1967 “(123) Fae ef Are : \ ~~ - 4 124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington A py ASAIN igs x ‘i \ \ ct Fics. 1-6. Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman). 1, base of arm and ad- jacent disc, dorsal view; 2, base of arm and adjacent disc, ventral view, some spines removed from left side of arm; 3, base of arm, lateral view with disc cut away; 4, dental plate; 5, oral plate, adradial view; 6, oral plate, abradial view. Scale equals 1 mm. Ljungman, 1871: 637, 657.—Lyman, 1875: 5; 1878: 227; 1882: 156, 314; 1883: 253.—Verrill, 1882: 219; 1884: 661; 1885: 549.—Koehler, 1907; 312. Amphilimna olivacea Verrill, 1899a: 30; 1899b: 318, 377, pl. 42, Figs. 1, la—Koehler, 1914: 2, 43.—H. L. Clark, 1915: 258—A. H. Clark, Systematic Position of Amphilimna 125 1921: 42.—Mortensen, 1933: 116.—Cherbonnier, 1962: 12, pl. 4, Figs. a—d. Diagnosis: Jaws with two or three infradental papillae at apex, two or three slender, pointed oral papillae bordering each adoral plate; two oral tentacle scales in each oral slit. Arms slender, length six times disc diameter; tentacle pores large; eight to ten proximal ventral arm plates with two tentacle scales on each side, innermost attenuated; beyond tenth ventral arm plate a single tentacle scale on each side; seven or eight slender arm spines, ventralmost longest; some arm spines of arm segments under disc greatly flattened, fused with others to form pe- culiar flanges occupying genital slits; dorsal arm plates slightly wider than long. Disc scaled, studded with slender spines. Radial shields narrow, joined proximally, slightly separated distally; disc deeply notched at each pair of radial shields. Color variable, disc gray, tan, or brown, arms pink or orange. Discussion: Amphilimna Verrill, 1899a, has traditionally been placed in the family Amphiuridae. H. L. Clark (1915) listed five species in his annotated checklist of ophiuroids: A. olivacea (Lyman), the type species; A. pentacantha H. L. Clark, 1911; A. caribea (Ljungman, 1871); A. liberia (Koehler, 1907); and A. sexradia (Duncan, 1887). Of these five, A. pentacantha is a synonym of Amphiacantha amphiacantha (Mc- Clendon, 1909) (see Nielsen, 1932: 296), and A. sexradia and A. liberia were assigned to the genus Amphiacantha by Matsumoto (1917: 178). Transferral of Amphilimna caribea to Ophiopsila (below) re- duces Amphilimna to monotypic status. | yy Amphilimna olivacea has been considered an amphiurid prima facie, probably because of its long arms and amphiurid-like infradental papil- lae; but amphiurids have perforated dental plates (Murakami, 1963), while the dental plates of A. olivacea are imperforate (Fig. 4) and resemble the plates of the ophiacanthid genera Ophiacantha Miiller and Troschel, 1842, Ophiothamus Lyman, 1869, and Ophiomitrella Verrill, 1899a. The oral plates of A. olivacea lack the well-developed lateral wings typical of the Amphiuridae (Amphiurinae of Murakami, 1963), and the peristomal plates, though divided, are large. Except for the rather long, S-shaped, adradial muscle scar (Fig. 6), the oral plates are similar to those figured by Murakami for ophiacanthids. Despite a superficial similarity to some amphiurids, A. olivacea has external features decidedly indicative of an ophiacanthid relationship. The arm spines are attenuate and hollow, the tentacle pores are large and are bordered by slender tentacle scales, the oral papillae are long and slender, and the disc is covered by spines. Infradental papillae are present, but they are spinous and there are frequently three rather than the two characteristic of amphiurids. Ophioprium cervicorne (Lyman, 1883), an ophiacanthid collected by the BLAKE in 381 and 1049 m in the Lesser Antilles, is the only brittle- star that appears closely related to A. olivacea. The illustration of O. 126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fics. 7-9. Ophiopsila caribea (Ljungman), new combination. 7, base of arm, dorsal view; 8, middle of arm, ventral view; 9, two jaws and base of arm, ventral view. Scale equals 1 mm. cervicorne in Lyman’s report (op. cit., Pl. 5, Figs. 75-77) shows an ophiuroid which resembles A. olivacea except in having the radial shields covered by scales. These two species may be congeners, but I have not yet had the opportunity to examine O. cervicorne. A peculiarity of A. olivacea, illustrated and briefly mentioned by Cher- bonnier (1962: 13), is the fusion of arm spines on the proximal four or five arm segments. These fused spines form thin flanges which extend into the genital slits (Fig. 2). Cherbonnier erroneously refers to them as “. . . écailles génitales larges et minces.... .” Similar fused spines occur in Amphitarsus mirabilis H. L. Clark, 1941, a species found in 320-430 m of water off the north and south coasts of Cuba. Clark placed A. mirabilis in the family Amphiuridae, but it too may be re- lated to Amphilimna olivacea. Its tentacle scales and oral papillae are Systematic Position of Amphilimna 127 rounded rather than spiniform, however the radial shields and arm spines are similar to those of A. olivacea. Amphilimna olivacea has been collected in the western Atlantic from near Martha’s Vineyard, south along the continental shelf to Florida, near Havana, Cuba, and near the mouth of the Plata River, Uruguay. Cherbonnier (1962) reported it from the Gulf of Guinea in the eastern Atlantic. Confined to the continental shelf and upper slope, Amphilimna olivacea is usually found between 70 and 350 m, although it may occur as deep as 487 m (Verrill, 1899b: 377). Family OPHIOCOMIDAE Ophiopsila caribea (Ljungman, 1871), new combination Figs. 7-9 (Ophiocnida?) caribea Lijungman, 1871: 636, 656. Ophiocnida caribea Lyman, 1882: 155, 316. Amphilimna caribea Verrill, 1899a: 30.—Verrill, 1899b: 319, 377.—H. L. Clark, 1915: 259.—A. H. Clark, 1921: 42.—Koehler, 1926: 23, DA pl. 42° hig) 7. (?) Ophiopsila vittata H. L. Clark, 1918: 328, 330, pl. 8, Fig. 2. Discussion: Originally described as an Ophiocnida, this species was considered an Amphilimna by Verrill (1899a: 30) and subsequent work- ers. The holotype is in poor condition but it is clearly an Ophiopsila. Long, inner tentacle scales are present, as are prominent, dark bands, representing ciliary tracts, which extend across the ventral arm plates and connect the bases of the tentacle scales (Fig. 8). The arm spines are long and slender. There are two dental papillae at the tip of each jaw, and the oral papillae are borne on the half jaws rather than on the adoral plate. Ophiopsila caribea is probably a young specimen of O. vittata H. L. Clark, 1918. Both nominal species appear to have naked discs and several middle arm spines shorter than the dorsal or ventral spines. The species differ in the number of dental papillae and the placement of the oral papillae, but growth changes could account for these incon- sistencies. The holotype of O. caribea, the only specimen known, was collected off Anguilla, between 550 and 730 m. LITERATURE CITED CHERBONNIER, G. 1962. Ophiurides. Expéd. Océanogr. Belge Eaux Afr. Atlant. Sud., 3(8): 1-24, pls. 1-7. Ciark, A. H. 1921. Report on the ophiurans collected by the Bar- bados-Antigua expedition . . . in 1918. Stud. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ., 9(5): 29-64. Ciark, H. L. 1911. North Pacific ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 75: 1-302, Figs. 1-144. 128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1915. Catalogue of recent ophiurans based on the collec- tion of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 25(4): 165-376, pls. 1-20. . 1918. Brittlestars, new and old. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 62(6): 265-338, pls. 1-8. 1941. Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantic ex- peditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The echinoderms (other than holothurians). Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 15(1): 1-154, pls. 1-10. Duncan, P. M. 1887. On the Ophiuridae of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the trustees of the Indian Museum by Dr. John Anderson, . . . J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 21: 85-106, pls. 8, 9, 11, Figs. 1-40. Forses, E. 1843. On the radiata of the eastern Mediterranean. Part I. Ophiuridae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 19: 143-153, pls. 1A. KoEHLER, R. 1907. Revision de la collection des ophiures du Muséum d’Historie Naturelle de Paris. Bull. Sci. Fr. Belg., 41: 279- 351, pls. 10-14. 1914. A contribution to the study of ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 84: 1-173, pls. 1-18. 1926. Revision de quelques Ophiures de Ljungman ap- partenant au Musée dhistoire naturelle de Stockholm. Ark. Zool. 19a(2): 1-29, pls. 1—5. Lyuneman, A. 1871. Fdorteckning 6fver uti Vestindien af Dr. A. Goés samt under korvetten Josefinas expedition i Atlantiska Oceanen smalade Ophiurider. Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., 28(6): 615-658. Lyman, Tu. 1869. Preliminary report on the Ophiuroidae and As- trophytidae dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida reef . . . . Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 1(10): 309-354. 1871. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. No. 6. Supplement to the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 2(6): 1-18, pls. 1, 2. 1875. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. No. 8. Zoological results of the Hassler expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae, including those dredged by the late Dr. William Simpson. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 4(11): 1-35, pls. 1-5, text figures. . 1878. Reports on the dredging operation of the U. S. Systematic Position of Amphilimna 129 Coast Survey Str. “BLAKE.” Ophiurans and Astrophytons. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 5(9): 217-238, pls. 1-3. . 1882. Report on the Ophiuridae. Reports Challenger Zool., 5(14): 1-386, pls. 1-48. . 1883. Reports on the results of dredging, under the super- vision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and on the east coast of the United States, during the sum- mer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer “BLAKE,” .. . XX.—Report on the Ophiuroidea. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 10(6): 227-287, pls. 1-8. Matsumoto, H. 1917. A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, ar- ranged according to a new classification. J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 38(2): 1-408, Figs. 1-100, pls. 1-7. McC.LEnpon, J. F. 1909. The ophiurans of the San Diego Region. Univ. Calif. Publs. Zool., 6(3): 33-64, pls. 1-6. MorTensEN, T. 1933. Ophiuroidea. Dan. Ingolf-Exped., 4(8): I- 121, pls. 1-3, 2 pp. of station data. MULLER, J. AND TROSCHEL, F. H. 1842. System der Asteriden. Braun- schweig, Friedrich Viewig und Sohn. pp. I-XVIII, 1-125, pls. 1-12. Murakami, S. 1963. The dental and oral plates of Ophiuroidea. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, 4(1): 1-48, pls. 1-6. NIELSEN, FE. 1932. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific expedition, 1914-16. 59. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, Califor- nia, and the Straits of Georgia. Vidensk. Medd. Naturh. Foren. Kbn., 91: 241-346, 42 Figs. VERRILL, A. FE. 1882. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupy- ing the outer banks off the southern coast of New England. No. 4. Amer. J. Sci., 23: 216-225. 1884. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England, and of some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1882, pp. 641-669. . 1885. Results of the explorations made by the steamer “ALBATROSS,” off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1883, pp. 503-699, pls. 1-44. . 1899a. Report on the Ophiuroidea collected by the Bahama Expedition in 1893. Bull. Labs. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, 5(1): 1-86. 1899b. North American Ophiuroidea. I. Revision of cer- tain families and genera of West Indian ophiurians. II. A faunal catalogue of the known species of West Indian ophiurians. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., 10(7): 301-385. 130° Proceedings of the Biological Society yy] ol. 80, pp. 131-140 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OFIHE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ASELLUS KENKI, A NEW ISOPOD CRUSTACEAN FROM SPRINGS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES By THomas E. BOwMAN Division of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. The new asellid described herein was brought to my at- tention by Dr. Roman Kenk, who found it in certain springs in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D. C., where he was col- lecting planarians. Specimens from other springs in the vicin- ity of Washington were given to me subsequently by Dr. Kenk and by Dr. John R. Holsinger of East Tennessee State University. Examination of unidentified material in the Divi- sion of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution, yielded additional specimens that had been collected by W. Howard Ball, An- drew Pizzini, the late Clarence R. Shoemaker, and others. I am grateful to all these individuals for their collecting ef- forts. I take considerable pleasure in naming the new species in honor of my distinguished colleague, Roman Kenk, Re- search Associate, Division of Worms. Asellus kenki new species Figs. 1-44 Description: A moderately small species, largest male 14 mm in length, but most mature males considerably shorter; ovigerous females reaching 7-8 mm. Body slender, length (excluding uropods) about 4 times width; pereonites 3-7 about equal in width, pereonites 1-2 slightly narrower; lateral excavations of pereonites not pronounced. Telson slightly longer than wide, median posterior process well a oped. Setae on margins of head, pereonites, and oe wel rye Dorsum sculptured into low broad tubercles rite Seattle Surface setae; parts of cuticle of body and ed ages bearing minute pectinate scales. Coxal plates inconspicuous, ia a papiblg dorsally on most pereonites. Eye small, slightly longer than broad, composed\of few,facets. -- First antenna reaching little beyond distal end th | Segment of a 20—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 (ain) red» OW, i dws id a 132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington New Freshwater Isopod 133 Fics. 2-14. Asellus kenki. 2, Left male Ist antenna, dorsal. 3, Peduncle of right male 2nd antenna, dorsal. 4, Incisor of female right ~ mandible. 5, Incisor of female left mandible. 6, Plumose and dentate spines from spine row of female right mandible. 7, Mandibular palp. 8, Labium, female. 9, Male lst maxilla, apex of outer ramus. 10, Same, apex of inner ramus. 11, Left maxilliped, ovigerous female. 12, Fe- male gnathopod, medial. 13, Male gnathopod, medial. 14, Dactyl of male gnathopod, medial. 134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington { = Fics. 15-23. Asellus kenki. 15, Palm of left gnathopod, 6.7 mm male, medial. 16, Same, lateral. 17, Same, 5.6 mm female, medial. 18, Pereopod 2, male, medial. 19, Pereopod 4, male, lateral. 20, Merus of same, medial. 21, Distal segments of female pereopod 4, lateral. 22, Left pereopod 7, female, medial. 23, Distal end of same. New Freshwater Isopod 135) Fies. 24-33. Asellus kenki. 24, Penes. 25, Ist pleopod, male. 26, Apex of same. 27, 2nd pleopod, male, anterior aspect. 28, Apex of endopod of male 2nd pleopod, anterior. 29, Same, posterior. 30, 2nd pleopod, female. 31, 3rd pleopod, male. 32, 4th pleopod, male. 33, 5th pleopod, male. 136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ee Lr Three ls ~ Fics. 34-44, Asellus kenki. 34-38: Lateral parts of pereonites of ovigerous female, dorsal. 34, Pereonite 1. 35, Pereonite 2. 36, Pereonite 5. 37, Pereonite 6. 38, Pereonite 7. 39-43: Dorsal views of right uro- pods. 39, 3.5 mm male. 40, 5.0 mm male. 41, 6.5 mm male. 42, 8.2 mm male. 43, 6.5 mm ovigerous female. 44, Telson and uropods of 13 mm male, dorsal. New Freshwater Isopod 137 peduncle of 2nd antenna; flagellum 1l-merous. Second antenna %4-% as long as body (excluding uropods); flagellum about 70-merous. Right mandible with 4-toothed incisor; spine row of 7 dentate spines distally and 6 plumose spines proximally. Left mandible with 4-toothed incisor and 4-toothed lacinia; spine row of 10-12 plumose spines. Second segment of mandibular palp about 1.5 times as long as 3rd. Outer ramus of Ist maxilla with 8 dentate and 3 smooth apical spines and 2 slender surface setae near apex. Inner ramus with 3 robust, circumplumose setae with denticulate apices, and 2 slender, plumose setae. Maxilliped with 4—5 coupling spines. Apex of inner plate and inner margins of 4 distal segments of palp densely setose. First segment of palp with 2 outer setae. Maxilliped of ovigerous female with oostegite bearing about 8 apical setae. Palmar margin of propodus of male gnathopod (pereopod 1) with 2 processes near middle: a large proximal conical process and a lower blunt process with slightly concave apex. Proximal end of palmar margin with single robust spine, directly obliquely posteriad. Setae along palmar margin arranged as shown in Figs. 15 and 16. Female gnathopod without central processes on palmar margin of propodus; proximal end of margin with 2 large spines, distal spine more robust, proximal spine with slender tip curved slightly proximad. Posterior margin of gnatho- pod dactyl armed with teeth in both sexes; teeth less conspicuous in large males. Posterodistal corner of carpus with 2 strong spines. Dactyls of pereopods 2—7 bearing 2 spines. Pereopod 4 of male shorter than that of female, with more robust distal segments; merus with row of short spines on posterior margin, these spines absent in female. Peduncle of male Ist pleopod %4 as long as exopod, with 3-4 coupling spines. Exopod about 1.6 times longer than wide, distal part with concave lateral margin, bent laterad, and bearing 5 long plumose setae on broad apex and several shorter setae proximal to apical setae; distal part of lateral margin with row of setules. Peduncle of male 2nd pleopod about %4 longer than wide, with about 5 setae on distomedial margin and 5 short setae on posterior surface near proximolateral margin. Exopod about 34 as long as peduncle; proximal segment cupulate, inserted into peduncle by truncate base with heavily sclerotized lateral margin, bearing rectangular flap on posterior surface, distal part of segment widening into rounded lobes on either side; lateral lobe with sclerotized margin continuous with that of base, bearing 4—5 short setae; medial lobe produced beyond insertion of distal segment, margin sclerotized. Distal segment of exopod narrowing apically, armed with plumose setae on lateral margin and distal 44 of medial margin; proximal 44 of medial margin with broad sclerotization. Endopod shorter than exopod, with well-developed medial apophysis in proximal part; distal to apophysis endopod curves strongly laterad and ends in 5 processes: a straight rounded lateral 138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington process, a medial process consisting of a lobe overriding medial process and a rugose lobe posterior and proximal to it, a medially curving can- nula posterior to lateral process, and a broadly rounded posterior proc- ess with a few rugosities. Female 2nd pleopod subtriangular with about 10 plumose setae on lateral margin and apex. Medial margin straight, with 2 short setae near base. Pleopods 3-5 as in Figs. 31-33; “lines” on exopods of pleopods 4—5 similar to those of A. communis (cf. Racovitza 1920, Figs. 71-72). Uropod of female and immature male with exopod about 1.1 times longer than peduncle; endopod 1.1 times longer than exopod; both rami linear, armed with spines on margins and at apex. Uropod of mature male modified: exopod shorter than peduncle; endopod spatu- late, much longer and broader than exopod. Material examined: Holotype, USNM 119808, adult male, 8.1 mm long, illustrated in Fig. 1, collected by the author in August 1966 from among leaf litter in pool into which water from a pipe above flows from spring. The spring is located about 0.9 km SSW of the Nature Center, Rock Creek Park, Washington, D. C. Numerous other speci- mens from the type-locality have been designated as paratypes. In addition to the type-locality, I have identified specimens of Asel- lus kenki from the following localities: VircInia. FAuguieR Co.: Under stones in spring on Appalachian Trail S of Paris, 22 June 1952, L. B. Holthuis. Farrrax Co.: Stream near Bull Neck Run, 26 February 1935, A. Pizzini. Stream near Scotts Run, 15 March 1936, A. Pizzini. Springs (3) along E side of Scotts Run, 25 May 1965, J. R. Holsinger and A. Pizzini. ARLINGTON Co.: Gencarlyn, from a spring, 7 July 1918, C. R. Shoemaker. Dz1s- TRICT OF CoLumsBiA. Rock Creek Park, spring about 175 m S of North National Capital Parks Headquarters, August 1966, T. E. Bowman. Small springs, Montrose Park, Georgetown, 9 March 1938, Leslie Hubricht. Wetzel’s Spring, Georgetown, 5 March 1933, A. Pizzini. Spring 1% mile E and N of Wetzel’s Spring, 17 October 1937, A. Pizzini. Pools adjoining Foundry Branch, Burleith Woods, W of Georgetown, 26 March 1936, W. H. Ball. Maryntanp. MonrcoMeEry Co.: Spring at Glen Echo, 28 June 1966, Roman Kenk. Spring, Cabin John, 15 April 1934, A. Pizzini. Spring flowing into Rock Creek near Kensington, 1 October 1933, C. R. Shoemaker. Running stream, “Miss Dean’s place,” Kensington, 4 May 1934, W. H. Ball. Prince Grorces Co:.: Stream flowing into Sligo Branch, Takoma Park, 5 April 1936, W. H. Ball. PENNsyLVANIA. InpIANA Co.: In stream passage, Strangford Cave (between Strangford and Conemaugh River), 1950, R. E. Hoff- master. FAYETTE Co.: Dulaney’s Cave, 700 ft from entrance, 20 January 1951, R. E. Hoffmaster. Ecology: Asellus kenki is an inhabitant of springs and spring-fed streams. Large streams and ponds within its range are not occupied by A. kenki, but by more typically epigean species, such as A. communis New Freshwater Isopod 139 Say. Hence local populations of A. kenki must communicate with one another by subterranean channels. As indicated below, A. kenki is in some respects intermediate between the epigean and troglobitic species of Asellus, but its pigmentation and well developed, if small, eye, sug- gest that its preferred habitat is springs. The ability to tolerate the groundwater environment has survival value to the species, enabling it to repopulate springs that become dry seasonally. The rather large populations in springs suggest that the species is indigenous to springs, and that spring populations are not merely stray individuals that have been carried to the surface from the groundwater by the flow of the water. At the type-locality A. kenki was associated with the following: the harpacticoid copepod Bryocamptus zschokkei alleganensis Coker; the cyclopoid copepods Cyclops exilis Coker and Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer) (identifications confirmed by Dr. Harry C. Yeatman); the ostracod Potamocypris sp. nov. (description being prepared by Dr. Edward Ferguson); the larval trichopteran Lepidostoma sp. (identified by Dr. Oliver S. Flint); the planarian Phagocata morgani (Stevens and Boring) (identified by Dr. Roman Kenk); and a new genus and species of the gastropod family Hydrobiidae (description being prepared by Dr. J. P. E. Morrison ). Specimens of A. kenki from the cold and unpolluted spring water of the type-locality lived for weeks in the laboratory at room temperature in jars of rather stagnant tap water. Dead leaves (oak and ash), which appear to be their natural food, were placed in the jars and were readily eaten. Relationships: In some of its characters Asellus kenki is intermediate between typical epigean species and the subterranean species of Asellus that were formerly assigned to the genus Caecidotea Packard. Miller (1933) has tabulated measurements of body proportions for the species of Asellus (including Caecidotea) then known. The length : width ratio of the body for 16 species having eyes ranged from 2.3 to 4.1, with a mean of 3.11; for 13 species without eyes the proportion ranged from 4.0 to 7.0, with a mean of 4.92. In A. kenki the ratio, about 4.0, is intermediate. The length: width ratio of the telson for 18 species with eyes ranged from 0.7 to 1.0, with a mean of 0.92; for 13 blind species this ratio ranged from 1.0 to 1.7, with a mean of 1.32. The ratio in A. kenki, about 1.2, is within the lower range of the blind species. A third character which is intermediate in A. kenki is the shape of the uropods. In most American epigean species of Asellus the uropodal rami tend to taper distally. The linear or spatulate shape in A. kenki, espe- cially the very long and broad endopod found in large males, is more like that of the troglobitic species, and, as in A. californicus (Miller, 1939), results from heterogonic growth. This intermediate condition is what is to be expected in a species inhabiting springs and spring-fed streams. As pointed out, communica- 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington tion between springs is by underground passageways, and the interme- diate condition may be considered an adaptation for temporary subter- ranean existence. A detailed comparison of A. kenki with other epigean eastern North American species of Asellus would require redescription of most of the other species, since their characteristics are inadequately known. How- ever, enough is known to distinguish easily from A. kenki the 7 currently recognized species: attenuatus Richardson, brevicauda Forbes, com- munis Say, dentadactylus Mackin and Hubricht, intermedius Forbes, militaris Hay, and montanus Mackin and Hubricht. None of these has a long telson, the length : width being usually less than 1.0, but about equal to 1.0 in intermedius, dentadactylus, and montanus. None has linear or spatulate uropodal rami; the rami taper distally in all 7 species. A concave lateral margin of the male Ist pleopod is found in A. brevi- cauda and A. dentadactylus; in the other 5 species this margin is nearly straight or convex. Finally, the structure of the male 2nd pleopod clearly sets A. kenki apart from the other species. No subgeneric allocation is given for A. kenki. Several subgenera have been proposed within the genus Asellus by various authors, but I agree with Chappuis (1953, 1955) that division into subgenera should only accompany a revision of the genus based on adequate collections. Studies such as that of Steeves (1966), which proposes evolutionary paths for several species groups of troglobitic North American asellids, based on modifications of the male second pleopod, are more likely to lead to rational subgeneric groupings than the present patchwork of subgenera. LITERATURE CITED Cuappuis, P. A. 1953. Sur la systématique du genre Asellus. Notes Biospéologiques, 8: 67—79. 1955. Remarques générales sur le genre Asellus et descrip- tion de quatre espéces nouvelles. Notes Biospéologiques, 10: 163-182. Mintuter, Mitton A. 1933. A new blind isopod, Asellus californicus, and a revision of the subterranean asellids. Univ. California Publ. Zoology, 39 (4): 97-110. 1939. Differential growth and evolution in a subterranean isopod. American Nat., 73: 347-364. Racovirza, Emite-G. 1920. VII. Notes sur les isopodes. -6. Asellus communis Say.- 7. Les pléopodes I et II des asellides; morphologie et développement. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gén., Notes et Revue, 58 (4): 79-115. STEEVES, Harrison R., III. 1966. Evolutionary aspects of the troglo- bitic asellids of the United States: the Hobbsi, Stygius and Cannulus groups. American Midl. Nat., 75 (2): 392-403. : oe J eae” (Fig, wa 21—Proc, Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 80, 1967 {Paeam os Oo “ 142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fics. 1-11. Cambarus catagius new species. 1, Mesial view of first pleopod of first form male. 2, Basis and ischium of third pereiopod of first form male. 3, Epistome. 4, Antennal scale. 5, Lateral view of first pleopod of first form male. 6, Annulus ventralis. 7, Lateral view of carapace of first form male. 8, Dorsal view of carapace of first form male. 9, Mesial view of first pleopod of second form male. 10, Lateral view of first pleopod of second form male. 11, Dorsal view of distal podomeres of cheliped of first form male. New Burrowing Crayfish 143 with sclerotized caudal V-shaped portion movable and marked by a tilted L-shaped sinus. Holotypic male, form I: Body subovate, slightly compressed laterally. Abdomen narrower than thorax (10.8 and 13.8 mm) in widest parts. Greatest width of carapace greater than depth at caudodorsal margin of cervical groove (13.8 and 12.2 mm). Areola narrow (22.6 times longer than wide), with widely scattered punctations, only one or two across narrowest portion. Cephalic section of carapace about 1.5 times as long as areola (length of areola about 40 per cent of entire length of carapace). Rostrum excavate above with convergent, thickened margins; acumen short, well defined and with a slightly upturned, corne- ous, tuberculiform tip; marginal spines or tubercles absent. Upper sur- face with usual submarginal row of tubercles and with a few prominent tubercles near midbasal portion. Subrostral ridges moderately well de- veloped and visible in dorsal aspect almost to base of acumen. Postorbital ridges weak, grooved laterally, and terminating cephalically without spines or tubercles. Suborbital angle absent. Branchiostegal spine absent but represented by small tuberculiform prominence. Row of small tubercles on side of carapace immediately caudal to cervical groove. Carapace punctate dorsally and weekly granulate laterally; granules more prominent in lateral area cephalic to cervical groove. Abdomen shorter than carapace (24.7 and 28.1 mm). Cephalic sec- tion of telson with two spines in each caudolateral corner. Epistome (Fig. 3) broader than long with slightly elevated margins and with small cephalomedian projection. Antennule of usual form with small spine on lower surface of basal segment. Antenna extending caudad to third abdominal segment. Antennal scale (Fig. 4) broadest slightly distal to midlength; lamellar portion distinctly broader than lateral thickened portion, latter terminating in acute spine. Right chela somewhat depressed but with palm inflated; distal two- thirds of outer margin of hand costate. Upper and lower surfaces of palm punctate laterally and tuberculate mesially. Inner margin of palm with two rows of tubercles—more mesial row of five, lateral row of four. Lower surface of palm with four conspicuous tubercles—two on ridge at base of dactyl and two proximal to them. Fingers slightly gaping and both with well-defined longitudinal ridges above and below, flanked by grooves containing deep setiferous punctations. Opposable margins of both fingers with six tubercles along proximal two-thirds, third from base in both rows largest. Distal portion of opposable margins of both fingers with single row of minute denticles interrupted by more distal tubercles. Mesial margin of dactyl with row of six tubercles, progressively more squamous distally; proximally row flanked by other tubercles, and distally by linear arrangement of seven seti- ferous punctations. Carpus of right cheliped longer than broad, with distinct, oblique longitudinal furrow above; entire podomere punctate except for mesial 144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of Cambarus catagius. Holotype Allotype Morphotype Carapace: Height 22 WPA) 1272 Width 13.8 15.1 13.8 Length 28.1 31.6 28.0 Areola: Width 0.5 0.7 0.5 Length 11:3 12.4 11.2 Rostrum: Width 4,2, 5.0 4.2 Length 5.8 6.4 5.3 Chela: Length of inner margin of palm Bai 6.2 5:6 Width of palm 8.6 9.9 9.4 Length of outer margin of hand 19.1 20.6 18.4 Length of dactyl 1251 14.0 12.2 surface. Mesial surface with prominent spine and small proximal tuber- cle; lower distal margin with usual two tubercles. Merus of right cheliped with mesial and lateral surfaces sparsely punctate. Upper surface with three subdistal tubercles; proximal two prominent, distal one less conspicuous. Lower lateral margin with row of five tubercles and lower mesial margin with row of ten. Row of four tubercles on ischium corresponding to mesial row on metus. Hook on ischia of third pereiopods only (Fig. 2); hooks simple and not opposed by tubercle on basis. Coxa of fourth pereiopod with promi- nent caudomesial protuberance; that of fifth pereiopod with small knoblike prominence. Sternum moderately deep between third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods and supporting heavy mat of plumose setae between bases of third and fourth pereiopods. First pleopod (Figs. 1, 5) symmetrically arranged and reaching coxa of third pereiopod when abdomen is flexed. (See diagnosis for descrip- tion. ) Morphotypic male, form II: Differs from holotype in following re- spects: areola without punctations in middle third of its length; branchi- ostegal spines obsolete; only one or two tubercles on sides of carapace immediately caudal to cervical groove; cephalic section of telson with only one spine in caudodextral corner; epistome proportionately slightly longer than in holotype; antennae extending caudad only to second abdominal segment; mesial row of tubercles on palm consisting of five on right and seven on left chela, and respective lateral rows of three and four (right chela atypical, perhaps regenerated); opposable margin New Burrowing Crayfish 145 of fingers of left chela with five tubercles; opposable margin of dactyl of right chela with eight tubercles; lower lateral margin of merus of left cheliped with row of three tubercles and mesial margin with row of eight; ischia of both chelipeds with only two tubercles on lower margin; hooks on ischia of third pereiopods and prominences on coxae of fourth and fifth reduced in size but similar to those of holotype. First pleopod (Figs. 9, 10) without corneous elements; central projection rounded distally and broader and shorter than in holotype; mesial proc- ess elongate, tapering, and its axis forming angle of about 50 degrees with that of main shaft of appendage. Allotypic female: Differs from holotype in following respects: ros- trum narrower, except at base, and more acuminate; right branchiostegal spine absent; antennal scale less rounded mesially with inner and outer margins subparallel for greater part of length; palm of both chelae with mesial row of six tubercles; opposable margin of dacty]l of chela with row of seven tubercles; mesial margin of carpus of cheliped with only one large tubercle, smaller proximal tubercle almost obsolete; lower lateral margin of carpus of both chelipeds with row of four tubercles and lower mesial margin of right with row of ten, that of left with only eight; no hooks on ischia of third pereiopods and no prominences on coxae of fourth and fifth. Annulus ventralis (Fig. 6), more flexible than in most members of Cambarus, with heavily sclerotized caudal V-shaped sclerite marked by caudomedian, tilted, L-shaped sinus; fossa dipping below sinistral arm of V. Color notes: Dorsal portion of carapace and abdomen dark brown, with very small cream or light tan flecks, fading ventrolaterally to gray- ish mauve; poorly-defined pinkish-tan patch immediately cephalic to cervical groove on each side, and caudoventral to it, short cream-colored bar just posteroventral to groove. Margins of rostrum and _postorbital ridges orange. Caudal margins and epimera of abdominal segments pinkish mauve. Chelipeds greenish tan above, pale pink below; tips of tubercles on chela pale orange to cream and lateral costae of propodus and tips of fingers orange. Remaining pereiopods mostly pinkish mauve but upper margins greenish-tan. A green phase, instead of the brown one, also occurs in this species. The only differences are in substitution of olive to dark green in the brown areas described above; in these specimens, the orange markings are also decidedly more conspicuous. Measurements: See Table 1. Type-locality: Burrows in lawn at East Whittington Street, in the southeastern section of Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina (see above). This species is known only from the type locality. Disposition of types: The holotypic male, form I, allotypic female, and morphotypic male, from II, are deposited in the United States National Museum (nos. 117779, 117780, 117781, respectively). Of the 19 paratypes, one male, form I, and one female are deposited in the 146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Museum of Comparative Zoology, and five males, form I, one male, form II, ten females, and one juvenile male are in the United States Na- tional Museum. - Life history notes: The three collections available were made in February, May, and June. First form males were collected in February and June, and a single female carrying eggs was found in June. Relationships: Cambarus catagius is a member of the Bartonii Section of the genus and apparently is as closely related to Cambarus latimanus (LeConte, 1856: 402) as to any other species. Like C. latimanus and C. reduncus, the chela bears two rows of tubercles along the inner margin of the palm. The width of the areola approaches that of C. reduncus, being narrower than that of C. latimanus, but the first pleopod is similar to that of C. latimanus and markedly different from that of C. reduncus. Etymology: The name catagius is derived from Greek, meaning under- ground, and refers to the burrowing habit of this crayfish. Remark: This new crayfish was infested with two entocytherid ostra- cods, Entocythere dentata Crawford and Ankylocythere ancyla Crawford. LITERATURE CITED Hosss, Horton H., Jr. 1956. A new crayfish of the genus Cambarus from North Carolina and South Carolina (Decapoda, Asta- cidae). Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 72 (1): 61-67, 11 figs. LEConTE, JOHN. 1856. Descriptions of new species of Astacus from Georgia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 7: 400—402. Ny * he fi Aye : ONty : 80, pp. 147-150. 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NANNOSQUILLA ANOMALA, A NEW STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEAN FROM CALIFORNIA By Raymonp B. MANNING Smithsonian Institution The species described below was first brought to my at- tention in 1965 when John S. Garth, Allan Hancock Founda- tion, forwarded five specimens to me which had been col- lected off San Clemente Island by Earl E. Ebert. A second series of specimens from the same area was received from Charles H. Turner of the California Department of Fish and Game. It was my intention to include an account of this species in a review of the eastern Pacific stomatopods, but delays in the progress of that study lead me to publish a preliminary account of the species at this time. All measurements are in mm. Total length (TL) and cara- pace length (CL) are both measured on the midline. The holotype and a series of paratypes have been deposited in the Allan Hancock Foundation (AHF); a series of paratypes is in the U. S. National Museum (USNM). I thank Earl E. Ebert, Charles H. Turner, and John S. Garth for-making these specimens available for study. The illustrations were prepared by my wife Lilly, with the sup- port of the Smithsonian Institution through its Research Awards Program. Nannosquilla anomala new species Figs. 1-4 Holotype: 148, TL 36.4; Northwest Harbor, San Clomento- slond, | California; 15 ft; 22 June 1965; AHF. SIEAAY Tr Paratypes: 392 (2 broken, CL 5.8-6.5), TLAM. 2: % “data as fat ei type; AHF.—1¢9, TL 34.0; same; USNM 120331 —3, broken» ¢,»CL» 5.3-6.7; 2 broken 9, CL 5.4—5.5; Wilson’s Cove, San. Gleménte Island, California; sand, 25-70 ft; 25 October 1966; USNM 120330. 22--Proc. Bio. Soc. Wass, Vor. 80, 1967 = (147). 148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fics. 1-4. Nannosquilla anomala. 1, male paratype, CL 5.4, anterior portion of body. 2-4, female paratype, TL 34.0: 2, last abdominal somite, telson, and uropod; 3, ventral surface of telson; 4, ventral view of uropod (setae omitted in all figures). Description: Eye small, not extending beyond end of antennular peduncle; cornea set obliquely on stalk, overhanging stalk laterally; ocular scales small, fused along midline. Antennular peduncle short, but more than half as long as carapace; dorsal processes of antennular somite visible in dorsal view as anteriorly directed spines lateral to rostral plate. Antennal scales small, less than one-third as long as carapace; an- tennal peduncle not extending beyond eye; antennal papillae absent. Rostral plate broader than long, subquadrate or pentagonal; lateral margins straight or convex; anterolateral angles obtuse, rounded; an- terior margin straight or with obtuse apical prominence. Dactylus of claw with 10-14 teeth, outer margin of dactylus rounded, with proximal basal notch flanked proximally and distally by small lobe; dorsal ridge of carpus terminating in single spine. New Stomatopod from California 149 Mandibular palp absent; 4 epipods present. Sixth abdominal somite with slender posterolateral spines. Telson broader than long; false eave with broad median projection, medially emarginate, overhanging submedian denticles; four lateral pro- jections present on either side of midline, second obtuse, fourth spinous; submedian projections above marginal armature, outer three projections on margin proper; marginal armature consisting of, on either side of mid- line, a row of 7-10 slender, fixed, submedian denticles, outermost curv- ing ventrally, 1 movable submedian tooth, and 3 fixed denticles, 1 be- tween each of the four fixed posterior projections. Outer margin of proximal segment of uropodal exopod with 5-7 movable, spatulate spines, last short, not extending beyond midlength of distal segment; inner distal lobe of proximal segment of exopod with 3-5 slender, non-plumose setae; inner spine of basal prolongation longer than outer. Color: Body covered with dark chromatophores, aggregated along midline in some specimens; eyestalks with large black chromatophores; each gastric groove with a dark spot near anterior margin of carapace; anterior portion of carapace and anterior appendages darker than dorsum of body; lateral margin of sixth abdominal somite and all but median margin of telson black; margin of proximal segment of uropod black. Size: TL 34.0-41.2 mm. Most specimens damaged, CL ranging from 5.3-7.0 mm. Other measurements of male holotype, TL 36.4: carapace length, 6.0; rostral plate length, width, 1.5, 2.3; telson length, width, Oey O:0. Name: The name is from the Greek, anomala, irregular or abnormal, referring to variation in the shape of the rostral plate. Discussion: N. anomala is the fourth species of Nannosquilla re- corded from the eastern Pacific. Both N. californiensis (Manning, 1961) from the Gulf of California and N. decemspinosa (Rathbun, 1910) from Peru and Costa Rica have acute anterolateral angles on the rostral plate. N. californiensis has more projections on the false eave of the telson, whereas in N. decemspinosa the eave is not subdivided. N. chilensis (Dahl, 1954), from Chile, also has rounded anterolateral angles on the rostral plate, but the plate is much broader in the southern species which also differs in having the false eave almost entire and in having sub- equal spines on the basal prolongation of the uropod. Remarks: Ebert informed Garth that the specimens collected by him were found in vertical burrows, 4 to 6 per square meter, adjacent to kelp beds. The burrows, mucoid lined with packed sand grains, were 10 inches deep and one-half inch wide. The entrances to the burrows lacked shelly debris. Eggs were found in some of the burrows; solitary eggs in the jar with the first lot were 0.8 mm in diameter. Turner found an amphipod, Ampelisca cristata Holmes, living with the stomatopods, 150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington and noted that they were of the same general color as the Nannosquilla. A note on the biology and life history of N. anomala is being prepared by Turner and his co-workers. 80, pp. 151-156 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROTANKYRA GRAYI NEW SPECIES AND LABIDOPLAX BUSKII (McINTOSH) FROM OFF NORTH CAROLINA (HOLOTHUROIDEA; SYNAPTIDAE) By Davin L. PAwson Smithsonian Institution Since October 1964, the R/V Eastward of the Duke Univer- sity Marine Laboratory has conducted qualitative and quanti- tative investigations of the continental shelf and slope to the north and south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. I have identified the holothurians collected during these surveys and two specimens of synaptid holothurians are described below. One, collected by I. E. Gray, is a new species of the genus Protankyra, apparently related to P. benedeni (Ludwig) from Brazil. The other, collected by J. Frederick Grassle, is Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh), a common Northern European species of a genus hitherto unknown from the Americas. The synaptid holothurian fauna of the Western Atlantic now com- prises 14 of the 140 known species. I am grateful to the staff and students of the Duke Univer- sity Marine Laboratory for sending me holothurians for study, and to Miss Ailsa M. Clark and Mr. F. W. E. Rowe of the British Museum (Natural History) for making available com- parative material of Labidoplax buskii. The investigations of R/V Eastward are supported by NSF Grant G-17669; those of Dr. I. E. Gray are supported by NSF Grant G-25128. Subclass APODACEA Pawson & Fell, en esky, Order Apopmpa Brandt, 1835. NIT i 7) A TPQ Family Synaptidae Burmeister, 1837 | Labidoplax Oerstergrenj 1898 me QT ene Diagnosis: Deposits are anchors and nacht alee io. without knobbed vertices, arms usually serrate, stock toothed! bit mot branched. - 23—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 ~ (151) 152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 05 figs 1,2 Fics. 1-4. Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh). 1, anchor plates, show- ing typical Labidoplax form; 2, anchor plate with anchor in situ; 3, tentacle, outer (left) and inner (right) aspects, showing two short and one long digits; 4, anchors, profile view showing curve near stock. Fics. 5-10. Protankyra grayi new species. 5, curved rods from anterior body wall; 6, miliary granules; 7, developing anchor plate; 8, anchor plates, internal (left) and external (right) view; 9, anchors: profile view shows curve near stock; 10, details of anchor arm and stock. Anchor plates abruptly narrowed posteriorly forming handle; bridge rudimentary or absent. Tentacles digitate, 11 or 12, with 3-5 digits. Type-species:' Synapta buskii McIntosh. Remarks: Labidoplax comprises seven species with wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Representatives are known from northern Europe (two species), the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas, the Phil- lipines, Indonesia, and North Carolina, U.S.A. (one species each). One species occurs in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Gulf of Guinea. Bathymetric range of the genus is 0-450 m. New Species of Protankyra vit 193 Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh ) Labidoplax buskii: Clark, 1908, p. 94, pl. 5 Fig. 23 (synonymy to 1905); Becher, 1912, p. 290, Figs. 1-5, pl. 19; Clark, 1924, p. 492, pl. 4, Fig. 10, pl. 8, Figs. 8-10; Heding, 1931, p. 669. . Material examined: Cruise E-14-65, 13 March 1965, 34°17.5’'N, 75°49'W, 445 m, VanVeen Grab, foraminiferan sand, annual average bottom temperature 7.0°C, collected by F. Grassle, 1 specimen (U.S.N.M. catalogue no. E10715). Description: Total length of specimen 8.5 mm. Body cylindrical; body wall semitransparent with numerous calcareous deposits. Color in alcohol, white. Tentacles 11, expanded, each with three digits, of which central digit is largest (Fig. 3). Smaller lateral digits arising in distal one-third of tentacle. Tentacles transparent, lacking calcareous deposits. " sat Deposits are anchors and anchor plates, which vary little in size be- tween anterior and posterior ends of body. Stock unbranched, but with numerous fine serrations. Each arm with 2-4 distal serrations. Shaft of anchor curved near stock (Figs. 2, 4). Anchor length 0.12-0.16 mm, average 0.14 mm; breadth 0.07-0.09 mm, average 0.08. Anchor plates (Figs. 1, 2) each with seven or eight large oval to elongate perforations with strong marginal teeth. Often one or more smaller perforations around margin of plate. Handle with two perforations. Length of plate 0.10-0.14 mm, average 0.11 mm; breadth 0.09-0.11 mm, average 0.10 mm. Numerous anchors and plates scattered in bod wall. Remarks: The specimen is obviously a member of the genus Labi- doplax because of the nature of its anchor plates. The shape of the plates indicates that the specimen represents one of two species, L. buskii or L. media Oerstergren. Clark (1908) noted that L. media differs from L. buskii in having 12 tentacles with four digits while L. buskii has 11 tentacles with three digits. For comparative purposes I borrowed two specimens of L. buskii from the British Museum (Natural History). These were collected from Harris Sound in the Outer Hebrides, near the type-locality of the species. One is a complete specimen 21 mm in total length. It has 12 tentacles, ten with four digits, one with three and one with five. The other specimen is a fragment 10 mm in total length with 11 tentacles, nine with four digits and two with three each. Mr. F. W. E. Rowe of the British Museum noted (personal communication) that two other speci- mens from the same locality each have 12 tentacles, one specimen with four digits on each tentacle, the other with four digits on each of ten tentacles, one tentacle with three digits and one with five. In two other lots of smaller specimens, from Bohuslan, Sweden, and Clyde, Scotland, each specimen had 11 tentacles with three digits. It is evident from the foregoing discussion that probably the number 154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington of digits on each tentacle of L. buskii is a variable character, the num- ber of digits per tentacle increasing with growth of the animal. If this is true, then the validity of L. media is doubtful. The North Carolina specimen is here referred to L. buskii, which is the older name. Re-examination of comprehensive collections of European ma- terial of both of these species is required before the problem of ten- tacle digit numbers can be resolved. Distribution: L. buskii is known from the coasts of Northern Europe, where it occurs at the Outer Hebrides, British Isles, west coast of Sweden and coast of Scandinavia from Kattegat to Porsanger Fiord, at depths of 18-405 m (Clark, 1908). The present new record increases the bathymetric range to 18-445 m. Protankyra Oerstergren, 1898 Diagnosis: Deposits are anchors and anchor plates. Anchors with stock more or less branched or finely toothed; arms serrate, vertex with- out knobs. Anchor plates with numerous perforations; plates not abruptly narrowed posteriorly. Tentacles 10-12, digitate, with two digits on each side of distal extremity. Type-species: Synapta abyssicola (Theel) (= Synapta brychia Ver- rill). Remarks: Madsen (1953) regards P. abyssicola (Theel) as a junior subjective synonym of P. brychia (Verrill). Protankyra embraces about 35 nominal species, of which 22 occur in the Japan-New Zealand arc of the Indo-Pacific region. Only five species, P. brychia, P. benedeni (Ludwig), P. ramiurna Heding, P. panningi Heding and P. grayi new species are known to occur in the Western Atlantic. These species may be distinguished by means of the following key. KEY TO THE WESTERN ATLANTIC SPECIES OF Protankyra 1. (8) Perforations of anchor plates with marginal teeth. 2. (3) Anchors 0.35-0.40 mm long, plates 0.27—0.30 mm long _____. Bil Seite AR hn le ad aleck i hand st Loa P. ramiurna Heding 3. (2) Anchors exceed 0.6 mm in length; plates exceed 0.40 mm in length. 4. (5) Stock of anchor branched. Anchor plates generally longer tne ray Oise) aan ft aN hale ln aah ee P. brychia (Verrill) 5. (4) Stock of anchor not branched. Anchor plates less than 0.60 mm long. 6. (7) Anchor arms with 5-6 serrations. Perforations in plates with PEW, COCHIN ek FUE AOE AU EN foam P. benedeni (Ludwig ) 7. (6) Anchor arms with up to 12 or more serrations. Perforations in plates with several teeth ___...________. P. grayi new species 8. (1) Perforations of anchor plates without teeth. Anchors 0.30— 0:40:anmidone? ces wo icy wee neh aie P. panningi Heding New Species of Protankyra 155 Protankyra grayi new species Material examined: Cruise E-28-65, 22 May 1965, 35°18.5’N, 74°58’W, 325 meters, Cape Town (Zoutendyk) Dredge, collected by I. E. Gray, 1 specimen. Description: Specimen a fragment; extreme anterior end absent. Body contracted, contorted, total length 43 mm. Body wall prickly, due to presence of numerous large projecting anchors. Color in alcohol uni- form dark brown. Anchors and anchor plates occur throughout body wall, those from posterior end only slightly smaller than others. Anchors and _ plates essentially of one type; possibly two distinct sizes occur. Anchors (Figs. 9, 10) symmetrical, arms narrow, each with approxi- mately 12 serrations; some have fewer serrations; few have none. Stock with numerous small unbranched spines, but with tendency toward branching. Shaft of anchor curved near stock. Length 0.68—0.81 mm, average 0.73 mm; breadth across arms 0.35-0.57 mm, average 0.44 mm. Two considerably smaller anchors found, one 0.25 mm long and 0.11 mm wide in anterior part of body, the other 0.33 mm long and 0.18 mm wide in posterior. Anchor plates (Figs. 7, 8) oval to rectangular, with well-defined bridge for anchor support. Plates generally broadest near end opposite bridge. Margin of plate smooth or with few small projecting spines. Fully developed plate with numerous (usually more than 50) perfora- tions, most having marginal teeth. Perforations increase in size toward center of plate. Simple small perforations with no marginal teeth occur under bridge. Developing plates lack both indentations and bridge; these acquired late in development. Length 0.34-0.52 mm, average 0.43 mm. Width 0.21-0.38 mm, average 0.32 mm. Plates usually less than 0.40 mm long and 0.30 mm wide in posterior of body, thus smaller than plates from elsewhere. Developmental stages of plates common posteriorly. One small plate 0.38 mm long and 0.29 mm wide found in anterior end. Small curved rods (Fig. 5) scattered in body wall at anterior end only. Rods with enlarged ends tending to bifurcate; some rods C-shaped. Ends of rods eroded, therefore impossible to tell whether or not they carried minute spines. Length 0.05-0.08 mm, average 0.06 mm. Radial muscles with numerous miliary granules (Fig. 6) of varying shape, most being oval to elongate. Holotype: The holotype (catalogue no. E10716) is in the collections of the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Etymology: It is a pleasure to name this species for Dr. I. E. Gray, Department of Zoology, Duke University. Remarks: It was at first thought that this specimen represented P. brychia (Verrill), which has been collected from off Cape Hatteras at 1,688 m, and elsewhere in the Atlantic, but examination of type ma- 156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington terial of that species and of descriptions by Clark (1908, 1924), Deich- mann (1940) and Madsen (1953) convinced me that the present species bears no close relationship to P. brychia. The most consistent differences exist in the anchors and anchor plates. In P. brychia the plates are larger (generally exceeding 0.7 mm in length) than those in P. grayi (averaging 0.43 mm in length), and have more numerous small spines scattered about the plate surface. Perforations in the plates of P. grayi are, on the whole, less numerous than those in P. brychia. The anchor stock is conspicuously branched in P. brychia, but not in P. grayi, and the former species has 5-6 spines on the flukes while the latter has up to 12 or more. Furthermore, P. brychia does not possess curved rods in the anterior body wall. P. grayi shares some features with P. benedeni (Ludwig) from Brazil, but differs in having generally larger anchors, smaller plates, more numerous teeth on the perforations of the plates and more numerous serrations on the anchor flukes. P. grayi does not appear to be closely related to any other species in the genus. LITERATURE CITED Brecuer, S. 1912. Beobachtungen an Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh). Z. Wiss. Zool. Leipzig, 101: 290-324, text-figs. 1-5, pl. 19. Crark, H. L. 1908. The Apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contr. : Knowl., 35: 1-231, 13 pls. ) 1924. The holothurians of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The Synaptidae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 65(13): 459-501, 12 pls. DEICHMANN, E. 1940. Report on the holothurians collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 14: 183-240, pls. 31-41. Hepine, S. G. 1931. Uber die Synaptiden des Zoologischen Museums zu Hamburg. Zool. Jb. Jena, 61: 637-696, text-figs. 1-17, lavas Manpsen, F. J. 1953. MHolothurioidea. Reports Swedish Deep-Sea Exped., vol. 2, Zoology 12: 151-173, text-figs. 1-10. ice af Chi ‘ + Med ie % yi 5 i Jo. it “ai 4 \ :, ey fi 4 f Ke y = SYA OES | Sh ; = aed Tae Gas i ; oF t © + i iain 4 | eae Yeh eae caw) mi ; ~ f f r pet ih i - ; it , By f x + beg a Rape be Pris : ‘ 1 re ae et ay , ed AS = ‘ ’ i i < bo i ht ') ai, % - 4 Hs an i TRE CEN CMA A iat, i nN " } a io ey ‘ ‘ 4 a BY _ & ; Oe : ty ie 8 ate * 2 C , aera ALS a 5 7 n 3 1 ¥ C4 ’ Ae af i q ] ' { t \ se 1 i = u ! bo ’ 5 ] x ie Ph BP re 42 ~ f; ; r * i ee ha \ ,7 > i Pity ey i % opi is PS i ‘ ee i | Fa } ‘ i Ky ' . mh ; ¥ F ” ; WN Ac 5 A 4 F f re uh 4 ‘ ies i yn ii Me Ye ob t Nea | i Fe RN ay TO ig ON e hush Are \ \ Why j (rs % i € I ) i ; ‘ Pit Ve ea pas Pris Go 4) tt “Ne, Py Ag) 1709 e D ni 7 =e rH Is Types 4 Wc 7 Oe es a Uev Fie Lider: v7) iy y | BAA LA 80, pp. 157-162 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON REDESCRIPTION OF CUCUMARIA SEMPERI BELL, AN INDO-WEST-PACIFIC HOLOTHURIAN ECHINODERM By Davin L. Pawson Smithsonian Institution In his report on the echinoderms collected from Melanesia by the H.M.S. “Alert,” Bell (1884) described six new species of holothurians. Among these was Cucumaria semperi, based on specimens from Port Denison (Queensland) and Torres Straits in Australia. The original description was brief and inaccurate in some important respects, but the species is rec- ognizable by its unique calcareous deposits. The species has subsequently been reported by Vaney (1912) who briefly noted its occurrence at the Aru Islands and by H. L. Clark (1938, 1946), who found numerous specimens at Broome in northwestern Australia. In a revision of the family Cucumariidae Panning (1949) referred C. semperi to the genus Heterothyone, subfamily Thyoninae. Pawson (1963) found that the calcareous ring of H. alba (Hutton) from New Zealand, the type-species of Heterothyone, is of a completely different type from that of C. semperi. In H. alba the ring is composed of ten solid pieces, and in C. semperi it is composed of a mosaic of numerous pieces. This difference necessitated the transfer of H. alba (and thus also Heterothyone) to the subfamily Colochirinae. However, C. semperi was retained in the subfamily Thyoninae and referred to the genus Hemithyone Pawson, 1963.--The Indian species C. pigra Koehler and Vaney was also referred td’ /» BN Hemithyone by Pawson (1963), but is here; Yegarded as a syn- onym of H. semperi. Pawson and Fell (1965 ) transferred the v) subfamily Thyoninae to the family Phyllophoridae, conse- quently restricting the family Cucumariidae ‘to~include only 24-Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 80, 1967 (157) > el Sane” 158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington — @@ O@. So SB DQ oo .0:05mm_. 6 0:04 j 9 Beas awd Som 9552 Q1 i302 Fics. 1-10. Hemithyone semperi. 1, normal deposits from body wall; 2, deformed deposits from body wall; 3, spherical rosettes; 4, small rosettes; 5, plates from tube feet; 6, smaller tentacle rods from tentacle; 7, larger rods from tentacle; 8, rods from tube feet; 9, large rosette; 10, one radial and two interradial pieces of calcareous ring. those soft-bodied holothurians which lack long posterior proc- esses on the calcareous ring. When these nomenclatural changes were made, I had had no opportunity to examine specimens of H. semperi, but later I was able to examine all the British Museum holdings of H. semperi including the type series. A revised description of the species, together with new data on its distribution, is given here. I am grateful to Miss Ailsa M. Clark, Curator of Echinoderms at the British Museum (Natural History), for allowing me access to the col- lections of holothurians at that institution. = ae Lg eee Redescription of Cucumaria semperi 159 Family PHYLLOPHORIDAE Ostergren, 1907, emend. Pawson and Fell, 1965 Subfamily THyoniInAE Panning, 1949 Hemithyone Pawson, 1963 Diagnosis: Calcareous deposits of body wall circular to oval bodies with two sets of transverse and longitudinal bars, one set on each side of deposit. Average greatest length of body wall deposits 0.4 mm. Tentacles with minute rods and rosettes. Tube feet with plates and perforated rods. Type-species: Cucumaria semperi Bell, 1884. Remarks: As 1 regard Cucumaria pigra Koehler & Vaney a synonym of C. semperi, Hemithyone is monotypic. It is readily distinguishable from other genera in the subfamily Thyoninae by its calcareous deposits. Hemithyone semperi (Bell) Cucumaria semperi Bell, 1884, p. 147, pl. 9, Fig. A; Theel, 1886, p. 104; Vaney, 1912, p. 290; Clark, 1938, p. 445; 1946, p. 388. Cucumaria pigra Koehler & Vaney, 1908, p. 38, pl. 3, Figs. 13-16. Heterothyone semperi: Panning, 1949, p. 464. Heterothyone pigra: Panning, 1949, p. 464. Hemithyone semperi: Pawson, 1963, p. 28. Hemithyone pigra: Pawson, 1963, p. 28. Material examined: 14 specimens in the British Museum from the following localities: Port Denison, Queensland, “Alert” Collection, 2 specimens (SYNTYPES) 81.10.26.43—45; Torres Straits, “Alert” Collec- tion, 4 specimens (SYNTYPES), 82.2.22.116; Gulf of Manaar, Rame- swaram, S. India, collected by E. Thurston, 1 specimen, 1888.11.15.13; Cape Boileau, northern Australia, collected by Mrs. B. Grey, 1 speci- men, 1938.4.3.4; off La Grange, northwestern Australia, 19°15’S, 120°10’E, collected by Mrs. B. Grey, 6 specimens, 1938.4.3.5—7. Description: Body elongate, fusiform, sometimes U-shaped, total length 23-50 mm. Tube feet strongly retractile, generally restricted to double rows in ventral radii; double row arrangement often obscured in contracted material. Dorsal tube feet in double rows in radii, some- times restricted to radii, but often few to many tube feet also scattered in middorsal interradius. Body approximately pentagonal in cross section. Color in alcohol whitish to light brown, tube feet slightly darker. Introvert translucent pink, stem of tentacles off-white, digits light to dark brown. Tentacles richly branched, ventral pair considerably smaller than others. Calcareous ring tubular, long. Radials with weak anterior notch for attachment of retractor muscle; posterior projections paired, each com- posed of several rectangular pieces (Fig. 10). Interradials with short anterior projection; each interradial made up of two pieces, posterior piece being almost rectangular. 160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Body wall with immense numbers of calcareous deposits, generally of one type, a circular to oval outer ring with transverse and longi- tudinal connecting bars. Typical deposit with two bars at right angles on one side of deposit and on other side a central longitudinal bar bearing at each end two oblique transverse bars (Fig. 2). Average greatest length of deposits 0.04 mm. Tube feet with well-developed end plates. Simple plates with large and small perforations (Fig. 5) near end plates. Perforated rods of average length 0.18 mm with few scattered central perforations and smaller terminal perforations (Fig. 8) also present in feet. Tentacles filled with minute rods and rosettes, latter especially numerous. Rods apparently of two sizes, averaging 0.07 mm and 0.13 mm in total length, often branched, with or without perforations (Figs. 6, 7). Rosettes also of two sizes (Figs. 4, 9), varying greatly in degree of complexity. Some rosettes spherical; (Fig. 3), others resemble flat plates. Rosettes also numerous in bases of tentacles, skin around mouth, and in introvert. Remarks: Bell (1884) described two specimens of 36 and 25 mm total length. He did not examine the characteristic deposits in the tentacles which are a striking feature of this species. In referring to the deposits in the tube feet, Bell described the rods as “. . . not unlike folding eyeglasses in form .. .” and his illustration of a rod certainly conveys that impression. However, Bell has illustrated a broken rod which showed only two perforations. As shown in Fig. 8, the central portions of some rods do resemble eyeglasses, but complete rods do not. In the original description of Cucumaria pigra, Koehler and Vaney stated that their specimens closely resembled H. semperi in most fea- tures, differing only in that the deposits of the tube feet did not re- semble folding eyeglasses which, as indicated above, was based on an erroneous observation. The illustrations of the deposits of C. pigra are closely similar in size and shape to those of H. semperi. The type of large elongate plate from the body wall of C. pigra was not found in material of H. semperi I examined, but a photograph of the deposits from the body wall of a specimen from the original type-series of H. semperi kindly given to me by F. W. E. Rowe of the British Museum shows one of these plates. It appears that such plates are rare in the body wall. The calcareous ring of C. pigra, as illustrated by Koehler and Vaney, differs in some respects from that of H. semperi, the most notable difference being that in the former the ring appears to be composed of rather more numerous and smaller pieces than that of the latter. This difference is probably an artifact of preservation or an inaccurate illustration. There appears to be no good reason for regarding the two species as distinct, and the unique nature of the calcareous deposits argues most strongly for synonymizing them. Lectotype: I have selected as the lectotype of Cucumaria semperi Redescription of Cucumaria semperi 161 Bell the largest specimen (total length 36 mm) of the series of four collected from Torres Straits by the “Alert” (BMNH 82.2.22.116). Distribution: In Australia H. semperi is known from Port Denison and Torres Straits (Bell, 1884), Broome (Clark, 1938), and from Cape Boileau and off La Grange. The species appears to range from Queens- land in the east through Torres Strait to the vicinity of Broome in the northwest. It has been found at the Aru Islands in the Arafura Sea (Vaney, 1912), and at India, where it has been collected at Karachi (type-locality of Cucumaria pigra Koehler & Vaney) and from the Gulf of Manaar. The known bathymetric range is from low tide level to about 13 meters. Clark (1946) noted that at Broome the species appeared to be most common at a depth of about 13 meters. LITERATURE CITED Bett, F. J. 1884. Echinodermata. Rept. Zool. Coll. Indo-Pacific Ocean Voyage of H.M.S. “Alert,” 1881-82, pp. 117-177, pls. 8-17. Ciark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 55, viii + 597 pp., 28 pls. . 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 566, 567 pp. KOEHLER, R. AND C. Vaney. 1908. An account of the littoral Holo- thurioidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship “Investigator.” Indian Museum: Calcutta, 54 pp., 3 pls. PANNING, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumarii- dae. Zool. Jb., 78 (4): 404-470, 62 Figs. Pawson, D. L. 1963. The holothurian fauna of Cook Strait, New Zealand. Zool. Publs. Victoria Univ. Wellington 36, 38 pp., 7 pis. AND H. B. Feu. 1965. A _ revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora 214, 7 pp. THEEL, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea. Part II. “Challenger” Sci. Results: Zoology 14, part 39, 290 pp., 16 pls. VaneEy, C. 1912. Holothurien der Aru-Inseln. Abhandl. Senckenb. naturforsch. Gesellsch., 34: 289-91. ee ee ri \! 4 \ i aif | fais i a ! } » s be par { rant e = 4 } i v | F | Hee a aA ; uh if ; i} \ BY me ie a ier ta can Ht 5 { i i { ul | ; j i f 7 I q Ay at ca le Poy, Le o 0, pp. 163-168 28 July 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CRAWFISH OF THE CRISTATUS SECTION OF THE GENUS CAMBARUS FROM MISSISSIPPI (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE )? By J. F. Frrzpatrick, Jr. Mississippi State University, State College, Mississippi 39762 The species described below is assigned to the Cristatus Section (Hobbs, 1955: 98) of the crawfish genus Cambarus. It is compatible with the diagnosis of the Section as given by Hobbs (1966: 109), except that the areola is longer (upper limits: Hobbs, 1966, 35.5% length of carapace; valleculus, 38.7%). The other two species in the Section are in the Tombigbee River watershed; the new species is in the upper Pearl River watershed. Cambarus valleculus new species Diagnosis: Rostrum subplane or slightly excavate, subspatulate, without marginal spines or tubercles. Areola 4.75-3.31 (avg. 4.20) times longer than broad, constituting 32.2-28.7 (avg. 34.2) per cent of entire carapace length. Suborbital angle much reduced. Antennal scale more than one-half as broad as long. Chela with cristiform row of tubercles along mesial margin of palm. First pleopod of male with central projection directed at approximately 105-degree angle to main shaft of appendage; mesial process slender, directed at 120-degree angle (approximately ), extending caudad almost half its length beyond tip of central projection. Pleopods slightly asymmetrical (Fig. 12). Annulus ventralis subovoid with deep cephalic sinus that disappears in caudal half. (Fig. 8). Holotypic male, Form I: Body subovate, compressed laterally. Abdo- men narrower than cephalothorax (8.0; 9.8 mm, respectively). Width of carapace less than depth in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove (9.8; 10.0 mm). Areola moderately broad (4.1 times longer than wide) with irregular row of punctations mesial to _each=branchio=~— cardiac groove and irregular median longitudinal TOW’ “only Abie! I peat LARS ty td 1This study is supported in part by National Science hey 11) grant noi GB-4719. ? JUL 2 a 25—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington _ Fics. 1-12. Cambarus valleculus. 1, Mesial view of first pleopod of holotype; 2, Mesial view of first pleopod of morphotype; 3, Dorsal view. of carapace of holotype; 4, Lateral view of first pleopod of morphotype; 5, Lateral view of first pleopod of holotype; 6, Lateral view of carapace of holotype; 7, Ischiopodite and basipodite of third pereiopod of holotype; 8, Annulus ventralis of allotype; 9, Epistome of holotype; 10, Antennal scale of holotype;. 11, Distal. podomeres -of cheliped of holotype; 12, Caudal view of first pleopods of’ paratypic first form male. (Setation and punctations removed from all figures. ) tations across narrowest part. Cephalic section of carapace 2.1 times as long as areola; areola 32.2 per cent of total length of cephalothorax, Rostrum 1.2 times longer than wide, subspatulate with tuberculate acu- men, but lacking marginal spines, tubercles or angles, margins only slightly elevated; tip of rostrum reaching tip of distal end of peduncle of attennule; upper surface only slightly depressed, with few setiferous punctations; rostrum depressed cephalically (Fig. 6). Subrostral ridges weak, barely evident in dorsal aspect. | 7 New Crawfish from Mississippi. © ~~. 165 -Postorbital ridges well developed; cephalic ends lacking tubercles or spines. Suborbital angle much reduced. Branchiostegal spine small but: acute. Cervical spines and tubercles absent. Carapace moderately punctate dorsally and cephalolaterally. Abdomen longer than carapace (22.0, 20.5 mm). Cephalic section of telson with two acute spines in each caudolateral corner. Epistome (Fig. 9) broader than long, subplane, with small cephalo- median tubercle. Antennules normal with small spine on lower sur- face of basal segment. Antennae reaching third abdominal segment: Antennal scale (Fig. 10) broadest near distal end, 1.75 times longer than wide, terminating distally in strong spine. Chela (Fig. 11) with palm broad, only slightly inflated and some- what depressed, length of inner margin of palm longer than width; upper surface of palmar area with scant scattered setiferous squamous tubercles; inner margin with cristiform row of 13 tubercles; lower surface punctate; fingers not gaping; upper and lower surfaces of both fingers with submedian ridge flanked by setiferous punctations, ridges of upper surfaces more prominent; tubercle on lower surface at base of dactyl; -opposable margin of dactyl with four subequal tubercles along proximal three-fifths and crowded minute denticles in distal two- fifths;. opposable margin of immovable finger with three. subequal tubercles along proximal three-fifths and one smaller tubercle in penultimate position, distal two-fifths with crowded minute denticles; tubercles of immovable finger overlying tubercles of dactyl when margins opposed, but tip of dactyl overlying tip of immovable finger. _ Carpus of cheliped longer than broad; grooved dorsally, with few setiferous punctations; inner margin with two. proximomedian acute spines, two ventromedian acute spines at about one-third length dis- tally; single strong acute spine at two-thirds length, and with two acute spines, one each just proximoventral and proximodorsal to afore- mentioned spine; lower surface with only stout tubercle on proximo- lateral margin. Merus with row of 13 small acute spines spaced equi- distantly along entire lower mesial margin; lower lateral margin with irregularly spaced row of six subacute spines; all spines subequal i in size; upper surface with row of eight small acute setiferous spines along proximal eight-tenths, and three larger subacute spines distally. Ischiopodite with cristiform row of three small tubercles. . Maxillipeds and coxae of third through fifth pereiopods heavily setose. Ischiopodites of third pereiopods with strong simple hooks; hooks extending proximally beyond bases of ischiopodites (Fig. 7). Sternal projections setiferous at bases of coxopodites as in other members of Section. 4 ; First pleopods slightly asymmetrical (Fig. 12), reaching to coxopodites of third pereiopods when abdomen is flexed, lying deeply embedded between ventrally projecting sternal projections; distal portion terminat- ing in two parts; central projection corneous, tip subacute, bent caudally 166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington at angle of approximately 105 degrees to main shaft of appendage; mesial process non-comeous, slender, tapering from base to tip, di- rected caudad at angle of approximately 120 degrees, tip blunt, sub- parallel to central projection; mesial process markedly longer than cen- tral projection and extending beyond it at least half length of mesial process (Figs. 1, 5). Tips of pleopods directed slightly mesiad, in close approximation to tips of other pleopod when in normal position. Morphotypic male, Form II: Differs from holotype in following re- spects: inner margin of palm equal in length to dactyl; carpus lack- ing spines just proximal to stout acute spine and with only one spine between acute spine and proximomedian pair; lower lateral margin of carpus with strong acute spine; areola 3.6 times longer than wide and 33.8 per cent of total length of cephalothorax; length of imner margin of palm equal to length of palm. First pleopod with both tips non-comeous, stouter, shorter, and less bent caudally; mesial process proportionally shorter; inobtrusive process at caudolateral base of cen- tral projection (Figs. 2, 4). _ Allotypic female: Differs from holotype in following respects: carpus lacking spines just proximal to strong spine; lower lateral margin of carpus with strong acute spine. Annulus ventralis movable, subovate; deep depression in cephalome- dian portion extending obliquely in cephalic third; sinus originating in depression, extending across midline, recurving sharply to midline and there caudally, becoming shallower to become trough in caudal half; trough broadening in caudal portion and extending to caudal margin (Fig. 8). Measurements: As follows (in mm): Holotype Allotype Morphotype Carapace Height ~ 10.0 10.2 9.6 Width 9.8 9.4 9.1 Length 20.5 22.3 21.0 Areola Length 6.6 ee. To Width 1.6 1.8 2.0 Rostrum Length 5.3 6.1 5.6 Width 4.4 4,4 4.3 Chela Palm length (inner margin ) Ted Bol 6.5 Palm width 7.1 5.6 6.5 Palm length (outer margin) 16.5 11.6 14.0 Dactyl length 8.7 6.4 7.6 Type-locality: Small creek, 6.8 mi. S junction of State Routes 15 & 12 (Ackerman) on State Route 15, Choctaw County, Mississippi. This New Crawfish from Mississippi 167 creek flows through typical woodlands on the ridge dividing the Pearl and Tombigbee River drainages, and eventually flows into the former. The creek was about 4 feet wide and did not exceed 2 feet in depth; the banks were elevated about 20 inches above water level and were slightly undercut; the bottom was composed of sand, silt and small gravel, with sparse detritus and leaf litter; the flow was strong for a stream in this section of the state. Crawfishes were collected from the litter and from beneath the undercut banks. No burrows were ob- served. Other crawfishes collected with C. valleculus at the type locality were immature specimens belonging to a species of the Blandingii Sec- tion of the genus Procambarus, possibly P. a. acutus (Girard, 1852). At other localities, the associates were P. a. acutus. Disposition of types: The holotype, allotype, and morphotype are deposited in the United States National Museum (nos. 117963, 117964, and 117965, respectively). Topoparatypes are in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology (1é I, 24 ¢ II; 222, 1¢4 imm.,, 192 imm.), Tulane University (26 ¢6 II; 299, 14 imm., 19 imm.), and the Mississippi State University Collections (1é¢ I, 76 6 H, 8292, 644 imm., 79 2 imm.). Other paratypes are deposited in the Ohio State Museum (1¢ II, 29 29,24 6 imm,, 29 2 imm.), and the M. S. U. Collections (24 ¢ Il, 42 9,114 46 imm:;; 1292 imm.). Variations: Only slight variations in tubercular and spinose oma- mentation of the cheliped were observed. The acumen was not present on a few specimens, but in these the rostrum seems damaged. Relationships: C. valleculus is related most closely to C. cristatus Hobbs (1955: 95) and C. prominens Hobbs (1966: 110). It is similar to the latter in the degree of flexion of the tips of the first pleopod. The epistome and chela of C. valleculus differ from the other two species. The most distinguishing characteristics of the new species, however, are the unique annulus ventralis and the male first pleopod. The tips of the pleopod are longer and even more sharply bent caudad than in C. prominens. Too, the bend of the central projection is less sharp cephalically than in either of the other species, making the cephalic margin a smoother curve. In this latter respect C. valleculus is more similar to C. cristatus than C. prominens, but it is easily distinguished from the former by the greater bend of its tips and their greater length. Etymology: The name of this species is taken from the Latin vallecula, a small valley; it is so named because of the “small valley” formed by sternal and pereiopod modifications in which the pleopods of Cristatus Section crawfishes are carried. Remarks: The slightly asymmetric pleopods of C. valleculus (Fig. 12) is an uncommon condition in Cambarus. This condition, however, is common in the Blandingii Section of Procambarus, from which genus Cambarus possibly arose. Acknowledgments: I am grateful to Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., of 168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the USNM. who helped me with my comparison of: this species with other Cristatus Section crawfishes and Messrs. James F. Payne and Shih-ming Chien who assisted in field collections. LITERATURE CITED Grrarp, CHARLES. 1852. A revision of the North American Astaci, with observations on their habits and geographical distribu- tion. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 6: 87-91. Hosss, Horton H., Jr. 1955. A new crayfish of the genus Cam- ade barus from Mississippi. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 95-100, 11 Figs. 1966. A new crayfish from Alabama with observations on the Cristatus Section of the genus Cambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 79: 109-116, 10 Figs. . ji Conn ut ie |. 80, pp. 169-172 1 December 1967 “PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF QUEMAYA FROM THE COLORADO DESERT OF CALIFORNIA (HYMENOPTERA; TIPHIIDAE) By Marius S. WASBAUER California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento The genus Quemaya is a group of primarily nocturnal brachycistidine wasps consisting entirely of small to minute forms which are brown or black. At least some of the species are abundant in nature but all are poorly represented in collections. Because of their nocturnal habits, small size and ~~ dull coloration they are often overlooked by the general collector. Ultra violet light is a strong attractant for these wasps, and various black light sources such as argon or fluorescent tubes attract much larger numbers than do conventional incandescent lamps. The species described in this paper was first collected on a recent trip to California’s Imperial County Sand Hills by use of a 15 watt fluorescent tube! housed in a standard transistorized inverter unit? and powered by a 12 volt auto- mobile battery. The light unit was placed over a funnel trap, designed by W. R. Bauer, California Department of Agricul- ture, and allowed to run continuously through the night. Abbreviations used in the following description are explained elsewhere (Wasbauer, 1966:6) with the exception of UID, the upper interocular distance, which is the distance between the tops of the compound eyes measured with the head in full frontal view. Quemaya arenicola new species Description of male holotype: Head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment medium mahogany brown, remainder of metasoma nearly 1 General Electric F15T8.BL 2Econo Light, Model E.C.F. 20. E.C.F. Electronics, Inc., 748 Peter Road, Wheaton, Illinois 60187. 26—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 (169) 170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 4 Fics. 1-4. Quemaya spp. 1, frontal view of head of QO. perpunctata. 2, frontal view of head of holotype of Q. arenicola. 3-4, anterior and posterior wings of paratype of Q. arenicola. New Wasp from California 171 = = ~oorrn o eeu? Meee ee = < DEC 1 1967 b CIBRARIES pr.O0G (35 Vol. 80, pp. 187-194 1 December 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ANOTHER ASELLOTE, HAWAIANIRA PELEAE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES, FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (CRUSTACEA; ISOPODA) By Minton A. MILLER Department of Zoology, University of California, Davis Only four species of the isopod suborder Asellota have pre- viously been reported from the Hawaiian Islands. These represent four genera, four families, and two of the four asellote superfamilies as follows (the Aselloidea and Parastene- trioidea are not known from Hawaii). Stenetrioidea: Stenetriidae: Stenetrium medipacificum Mil- ler, 1941. Paraselloidea: Munnidae: Munna acarina Miller, 1941. Jaeropsidae: Jaeropsis hawaiiensis Miller, 1941. Janiridae: Bagatus algicola (Miller, 1941) Wolff, 1962. Collections by the author in 1961 and 1966 from fringing lava reefs of Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii produced a fifth asellote herein described as a new genus and species. It is assigned to the family Janiridae as redefined by Wolff (1962:33): FAMILY JANIRIDAE Diagnosis: Body oblong, depressed. Head and pereonites free, with lateral parts lamellarly expanded in most genera and pereonites sub- equal in length. Pleon usually of 2 segments; when present, first segment narrow and inconspicuous, the second large and shield-shaped. Eyes often present, situated on upper surface. Antennae almost always longer than antennulae, with 6 joints in peduncle and with squama on joint 3 generally well developed. Mandibles with palp, and normally, with well-developed molar process. Palp of mazxillipeds usually with joint 3, in particular, expanded; width of palp almost always equal to, or broader than, endite width. First pair of pereopods usually more or less prehensile; remaining pairs are walking legs of moderate and almost equal length. Dactylus almost always with 2 or 3 claws. Uropods always on lateral or terminal margin, with peduncle, and biramous or, occasionally, uniramous. 29—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 (187) 188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington New Isopod from Hawaii 189 Hawaianira new genus Type-species: H. peleae new species Diagnosis: Janiridae with cephalon, pereon, and pleon laterally expanded, but lacking projecting lappets or spinous processes. Cephalon wider than long with acute anterolateral projections. Slightly convex frontal margin, but no rostrum. Eyes dorsal. Pereonites subequal in width with sides parallel, not markedly different in length. Coxal plates (epimera) normally not visible dorsally. Pleonites and telson completely consolidated with no sign of sutures. Pleotelson deeply incised postero- laterally on each side of broadly rounded apex for insertion of short uropodal peduncle. Marginal shelf on underside of pleotelson bordering pleopodal chamber. First antennae (antennules) short, with dilated basal joint. Second antennae longer than first, but shorter than body, with 6-jointed peduncle bearing scale on third article and multiarticulate flagellum. Mandibles with triarticulate palp, toothed incisive processes subtended by spine rows and lacinia mobilis on left, and well-developed, subcylindrical molar process ending in truncate grinding apex. Maxillipedal palp 5- jointed, with last two points narrower than first three, which are half or less width of endite. Pereopod I biunguiculate, and similar to pereopods II—VII, which are unmodified walking legs not prehensile. First pleopod of male with apex narrower than base, lateral apical processes only slightly divergent. Second male pleopod with geniculate appendix masculinum. First pleopoda completely lacking in female, second operculate. Third and fourth pleopoda in both sexes similar, biramous; fifth uniramous. Anus opens between bases of posterior pleopods. Uropoda biramous with short peduncle and branches. Etymology: Generic name feminine, compounded from “Hawaii,” where found, and “Janira,” typical genus of family to which it is assigned. Hawaianira peleae new species (Figs. 1-2) To the generic diagnosis, the following specific characteristics are added. Description: Holotype male. Body compact, depressed, three times longer than wide (2.4 by 0.8 mm). Surface smooth, sparsely setose at margins, but microscopically scaly or denticulate on areas described below. Sides parallel. Color uniform, pale beige in alcohol, without = Fic. 1. Hawaianira peleae new species. a, 2 paratype, dorsal view, slightly flattened and extended. b, antennule and base of antenna. c, maxilliped 9. d, e, first and second pleopods ¢. f, second pleopod 9; g, h, i, third, fourth and fifth pleopods ¢. j, uropod ¢. 190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Fic. 2. Hawaianira peleae new species, 2 mouthparts and pereopods. a, mandible. b, first maxilla. c, second maxilla. d, first pereopod. e, seventh pereopod. apparent chromatophores. Allotype ovigerous female (2.5 by 0.9 mm). Paratype, ovigerous female (2.0 by 0.7 mm). Head broad with pointed anterolateral projections. Frontal margin between these weakly trilobate with slightly convex median lobe. Antennal line evident on frons running between antennule sockets. Lateral margin of head scaly. Posterior convex margin fits into concave anterior margin of first pereonite. Eyes dorsal, each composed of about 20-25 ocelli. First antennae (antennules) composed of greatly dilated basal joint and five narrower articles. Apex of basal article, especially inner side, produced forward on each side of much narrower second article; margin roughly scaly. Pauciarticulate flagellum not extending beyond fifth peduncular joint of second antennae. Flagellum tipped by long bristle and long subcylindrical seta. Second antennae about two-thirds body length, with peduncle of 4 short and 2 subequal long joints and multiarticulate flagellum. Spinose squama at end of third joint. Basal articles scaly and spinose. Number of flagellar articles varies with size (age) and on different sides of same individual. Holotype has 43- New Isopod from Hawaii 191 45 articles; allotype markedly asymmetrical with 40 articles on left, but only 17 on shorter right flagellum. First joint of flagellum long, showing incipient segmentation toward end, followed by many short discoidal joints. Setae along sides and tuft of setae at tip. Mouthparts biting. Mandibles as in genus. Distal article of triarticulate palp bearing comb of about 9 plumose setae and terminal smooth seta, second article with 2 long plumose setae. Molar processes truncate and denticulate, incisive processes with 3 and 5 teeth on right and left, respectively. Lacinia mobilis with several teeth, number varies among specimens. Spine rows well developed with ctenate setae. First maxillae with outer lamina terminating in 8-9 toothed setae, narrower inner plate ending in many simple curved setae. Second maxillae trilobed, with inner lobe fringed by many simple setae, outer two each ending in 3-4 long, finely plumose setae. Maxilliped with triangular, somewhat scaly epipod, narrow basal (coxal ?) plate and broad basis bearing broad endite and a narrower five-jointed palp as described for genus. Palp sparsely setiferous with apical tuft. Long tubular (probably sensory ) seta extends inward from distal end of second joint. Setiferous flange extends at right angle toward maxillae along median edge of each maxilliped. Two large coupling hooks on median margin of each maxilliped. Pereonites subequal in width and length with lateral margins entire and parallel. Fourth pereonite quadrangular, anterior three bent for- ward, posterior three bent backward. Pleura of first pereonite embrace posterior part of head with anterolateral angles reaching to eye level. Coxal plates normally not visible dorsally, but discernible on flattened specimens posterior to sixth and seventh and anterior to first pereonite. All pereopods ambulatory with biunguiculate dactyls, becoming pro- gressively longer from anterior to posterior with seventh one-third longer than first. Dactylus with low knob or tubercle and seta between claws. Inferior margin of propodus with row of low ctenate scales and three stout setae. Basis always, and more distal podomeres sometimes, shows minutely serrated margins. Pleon as in genus. Several small denticles on margin lateral to excavation for uropod, and few setae along lateral and posterior margin. Caudal lobe between uropodal excavations broadly rounded. Pleopods in male and female as shown in Fig. 1. First pleopods in male elongate, tightly appressed in midline, laterally slightly constricted, apex narrower than base; distal margin of medial apical lobes rounded, each fringed with about six setae and extending beyond lateral subapical lobes. Subapical lobes indented at tip, not laterally produced. First pleopods absent in female. Second male pleopods with geniculate appendix masculinum having sharply pointed tip. Second (first apparent) pleopod of female operculate, distal half triangulate and fringed with setae. Third, fourth and fifth pleopods similar in both sexes. Third with two-jointed exopod and broad, truncate endopod bearing 6-8 plumose 192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington setae. Fourth pleopod with membranous exopod bearing 4—5 apical plumose setae and lateral fringe of simple setae, and thicker, bare endopod. Fifth pleopods uniramous, somewhat fleshy, non-setiferous. Uropoda biramous. Peduncle short, completely immersed in deep posterolateral excavations of telson, inserted anterior and ventral to these excavations, posteromedial angle acutely produced. Endopod broadly styliform, subequal in length to peduncle. Exopod slightly shorter and narrower then endopod. Both branches with apical setae. Localities: Kauai: Poipu Beach (1346 6, 89¢@), 12 September 1966, M. A. Miller. Oanu: Hanauma Bay (36 6, 29¢@), 26 August 1961, M. A. Miller. Hawau: Laupahoehoe (26 6, 292), 8 August 1961, M. A. Miller and P. Q. Tomich. Honaunau (type-locality) (2¢ ¢, 3¢2 2), 15 September 1966, M. A. Miller. At all localities, the specimens were taken in shallow water over lava reefs (aa or pahoehoe) from wash bucket samples of rocks, coral and algae. This species has not been collected in protected bays such as Kaneohe Bay, Oahu and Hanamaula Bay, Kauai. Many other isopods, amphipods, tanaidaceans, decapods and other small crustaceans are generally found in samples with Hawaianira peleae including all the other asellote species mentioned in the introduction. Of the two janirid species now known from the Hawaiian Islands, Bagatus algicola is much more widely distributed and abundant than H. peleae. More selective sampling is needed to help determine the ecological associa- tions and niches of the various species. Disposition of material: Types are deposited in the U. S. National Museum, catalog nos. 119767-119769. Other material indicated above has been divided between the B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu and the author’s collection. Etymology: The single known species in the genus is named for “Pele,” the Hawaiian fire goddess who, according to legend lives in volcanos that produced the lava reefs where it occurs. Relationships: Before assigning Hawaianira to family, a decision was necessary between two recent interpretations of the family Janiridae as found in major revisions of the Asellota by Menzies (1962a, 1962b) and by Wolff (1962). Both authors recognize that the Janiridae has long been a large heterogeneous assemblage of genera. Attempts by various authors to divide it in some natural manner, however, have not been too successful, at least at the family level (for review, see Wolff, 1962). Of special interest is Menzies’ (supra) proposal to remove from Janiridae all genera (1) with pleotelson composed of a single “somite,” instead of two, and (2) with only two claws on pereopods II-—VII, that is, lacking an accessory third claw. On both counts, Hawaianira would be excluded from Janiridae as restricted by Menzies. Unfortunately, however, it can not be placed in any of the families established by Menzies for the janirid outcasts. Hence, if Menzies’ restricted concept of Janiridae were accepted, it would be necessary to create a new family for Hawaianira. Hawaianira comes close to Ianirellidae, especially New Isopod from Hawaii 193 as diagnosed in Menzies (1962a), less so to the amended version pub- lished later the same year (1962b). From the latter it differs in three important respects: (1) eyes present, (2) molar process of mandible not expanded at apex, and (3) first three articles of maxillipedal palp much wider than the last two, but only half as wide, instead of as wide, as endite. Also, the genera included in Ianirellidae (lJanirella Bonnier, Spinianirella Menzies and possibly Rhacura Richardson) all have lateral lappets or spiny processes extending from the body, and usually a rostrum. This seems to be true also for other genera con- tained in the earlier diagnosis of this family (Menzies, 1962a), namely, Iolella Richardson, Jolanthe Beddard, Janthopsis Beddard, Acanthaspidia Stebbing and Microprotus Richardson. Since these structures seem to be associated with deep or cold water habitats in many other asellote families, they may be regarded as convergent characters of little or no systematic value. Wolff (supra) rejected Menzies’ revision mainly on the grounds that . . the number of pleonites varies within well-defined families and even within other genera in the Asellota .. .” and some janirids with a distinctly 2-segmented pleotelson have only two claws. Accordingly, he reconstituted the Janiridae with a broad diagnosis embracing 35 genera, restoring those extracted by Menzies. Hawaianira comfortably fits Wolff's liberal diagnosis of Janiridae. Considering the alternatives, I prefer to assign Hawaianira to the family Janiridae in Wolff’s sense. Although this action adds a 36th genus to an already overburdened family, I believe it gives a better indication of relationships than creation of a new family for a monotypic genus. The basis for such a family would have to be a combination of characters, as none by itself appears to be diagnostic, even at the generic level. Further systematic studies of the janirid complex are indicated. «<¢ Hawaianira resembles several other janirid or near-janirid genera in certain characteristics besides those mentioned above. It is like Jaeropsis Koehler and Caecijaera Menzies in body configuration with broad pereonites lacking lateral incisions or processes, epimera not visible dorsally, and reduced uropods deeply inserted in excavations in the pleotelson. All three genera also have short antennules with expanded basal articles, biunguiculate dactyls, and narrow apex of the first male pleopod. Hawaianira differs from the above genera in several important respects. From Jaeropsis it differs in the characters which have been used to separate Jaeropsis from the Janiridae as a distinct family (Jaeropsidae), notably the presence in Hawaianira of an antennal scale, multiarticulate (instead of pauciarticulate) flagellum of second antenna, non-tapering molar process and lacinia mobilis of mandible, and longer branches of uropod. From Caecijaera, another janirid genus, Hawaianira can easily be distinguished by the presence of eyes, in having the basal three articles of the maxillipedal palp only half or 194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington less as wide as the endite (rather than equal in width), by its well- developed (rather than reduced) molar process, by its much narrower endopod of first maxilla, and in having a biramous (rather than uniramous ) fourth pleopod. LITERATURE CITED Menzies, R. J. 1962a. The zoogeography, ecology, and systematics of the Chilean marine isopods. Lund Univ. Arsskr. N. F. Avd. 2, 57(11): 3-162, 51 Figs. in text. 1962b. The isopods of abyssal depths in the Atlantic Ocean. Abyssal Crustacea. ema Research Series, no. 1: 79-206, 74 Figs. in text. Mituter, M. A. 1941. The isopod Crustacea of the Hawaiian Islands, II. Asellota. Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus., 16(13): 305-320, 4 Figs. in text. Wo rr, T. 1962. The systematics and biology of bathyal and abyssal Isopoda Asellota. Galathea Report, 6: 7-320, pls. 1-19, 184 Figs. in text. . 80, pp. 195-202 1 December 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON TWO ILLINOIS SPECIMENS OF DIPLOCARDIA SINGULARIS, WITH DISCUSSION OF THEIR MODE OF REPRODUCTION (ANNELIDA; OLIGOCHAETA )? By G. E. GaTEs University of Maine, Orono Two undissected, unidentified worms, perhaps also others like it, may have considerably puzzled Frank Smith, the first native-born American to concem himself with oligochaete systematics. The evidence is provided by Smith's failure to identify the specimens, secured by himself in 1901, though he continued to publish on megadriles until 1928. One speci- men now is referable to Diplocardia singularis (Ude, 1893). Association therewith of the other in a single numbered lot suggests that Smith may have suspected there was some special but hitherto unexplained relationship between the two. That relationship is elucidated below. Characters of major systematic importance are mentioned in the following brief description to show similarities as well as differences of the two individuals. Diplocardia singularis (Ude, 1893) 1893. Geodrilus singularis, Ude, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. 57, p. 69. (Type-locality, Danville, Illinois. Types, in the Hamburg Mus.? ) 1958. Diplocardia egglestoni Murchie, Ohio Jour. Sci. 58, p. 270. (Type-locality, Section 12, Dexter Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan. Syntypes in the U. S. Natl. Mus.) Illinois Urbana, woods, 30 April 1901, 0-0-2. F. Smith. (U. S. Natl. Mus. No. 25653. Referred to herein as A and B.) External characteristics. Size, 110 by nearly 2 mm (A), 75 by 2 mm (B). Segments, 112 (A), 79 (B). Prostomium, epilobous, tongue long 1 From research financed by the National Science Foundation. 30—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 80, 1967 (195) 196 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington and open (2 specimens). An equatorial circle of very small spots on each of segments ii—xii, obvious after cuticle floated away, produced an appearance of a ring of setal tips. First dorsal pore, at 8/9 but porelike markings at 6/7, 7/8 (2). Clitellum, annular (2), but lacking ventrally in front of eq/xiii and behind eq/xvii (A), or only in xviii (B), xiii-xviii/2 (A), xiii-xviii (B). Seminal grooves, wide and shallow (A), lacking (B) or perhaps represented by slight furrows in setal annulus of xix, slightly lateral to A (preservation artefacts?). Male pores, each on slight tubercle in seminal groove, about midway between levels of 18/19 and of presetal secondary furrow in xviii (A), unrecognizable, probably lacking (B). Prostatic pores and apertures of associated setal follicles, unrecognizable, but penial setae of xvii protrude to the exterior conspicuously (A). Prostatic pores, lacking. Ventral setae of xviii—xx, externally recognizable, some of them seemingly of about same size as in adjacent segments, AB about as wide as in adjacent segments, on each side of xx apertures of a,b follicles within a transversely elliptical tumescence (B). Genital markings, paired, in AB, postsetal in xvii and xx, each with translucent central area and opaque peripheral band. A median marking may be present about on site of 17/18 which is unrecognizable ventrally (A). Genital markings, lacking (B). Internal anatomy. Gizzards, two, in v, vi (2 specimens). Intestinal origin, in xvii (2). Typhlosole, recognizable from xix, rudimentary (2). Dorsal blood vessel, single throughout (2). Last hearts, in xii (2). Sperm ducts, not traceable behind xviii, though superficial (on not within the parietes, 2). Prostatic ducts, slender, tightly coiled close to parietes (A). Prostates, none (B). Penisetal follicles, long, perhaps as long as prostatic ducts, each in crescentic curve, common muscle strand from each pair of follicles in xvii with parietal insertion well beyond D and at or behind 18/19. Penial setae, long, slender, most of shaft rather crescentshaped but shortly recurved in opposite direction ectally. Terminal ectal portion, soft, folded on itself, tip slightly wider but of nondescript shape (no reserves found, A). Ventral follicles of xx, conspicuously projecting into the coelom. The a,b follicles of one side of xx each contained a single seta much like those of prostatic individuals but associated with one follicle was a normally sigmoid shaft. Ventral setae of same side of xix, sigmoid. Ventral follicles of same side of xviii protrude into coelom but not as far as in xx and each contains only a sigmoid seta (B). Spermathecal diverticulum, rather sausageshaped, with very short and slender stalk from its middle to duct entally. The coagulum within each diverticulum is constricted into lobes by ridges of variable height, discrete seminal chambers not recognized. Ventral follicles of vii—ix, enlarged, more protuberant into coelomic cavities than in adjacent segments. Copulatory setae may be present but only nondescript frag- ments of shafts were obtained (A). Spermathecal diverticulum, sausage- shaped, ventrally directed on lateral face of duct but not reaching On Illinois Earthworms 197 parietes, opening through single aperture (seemingly without stalk) into very ental end of spermathecal duct. Diverticular wall, thick, with numerous circular ridges (B). Ovaries, fanshaped and with several egg strings. Reproduction. Spermatozoal iridescence, recognizable on male funnels and in spermathecal diverticula. Reproduction is assumed to be biparental because sperm had been matured, copulation had taken place, and also because of lack of any evidence of structural degradation so often associated with male sterility (A). Clitellum, probably at maximal tumescence. Spermatozoal iridescence, lacking on male funnels and in spermathecal diverticula. Seminal vesicles, acinous, perhaps of medium size, certainly not rudimentary. Gonads of x, xi fanshaped. One looks quite definitely like a young ovary and occasional cells in digitiform lobes do look like immature ova. Specimen (B) appears to be male sterile. Discussion. Sterility, in earthworms, is of two sorts: fortuitous and hereditary. The first, arising as a result of some unusual interference with normal development, is male and/or female, usually in association with metameric abnormality and/or homoeosis. Rarity, in the pertinent population, and absence of exact repetition of the associated morphology proves the fortuitousness. If sterility is male only, copulation with a normally hermaphroditic earthworm can result in reproduction by the abnormal individual whereas its normal copulatory partner will be unable to reproduce itself, at least until after copulation with a normal worm. Hereditary sterility is always male, much more common and is not usually (but can be) associated with abnormal metamerism or regional homoeosis. The exactness with which the associated anatomy is repeated again and again proves this kind of sterility to be hereditary. Hereditary male sterility requires reproduction to be parthenogenetic, though some earthworms of various families can reproduce amictically even when apparently normal spermatogenesis is profuse. In species after species, parthenogenesis has enabled gross modifications in anatomy, such as increase in number of organs, deletion of parts of organs, of whole organs or even entire sets of organs. Hereditarily repetitive genital anatomy that departs from generic or family norms now requires consideration of the possibility that it is due to parthenogenesis. Too many megadrile species have been based on single types with defective genitalia. The aprostatic Illinois specimen at first was thought to be a result of interference with normal embryonic development, primarily because hereditary sterility and associated conditions were unknown in the family to which Diplocardia belongs. The description of egglestoni showed that absence of prostate glands occurred commonly, perhaps in a large population, and so was hereditary. Information as to method of reproduction is lacking for egglestoni but there are no contra-indications to male sterility which is evidenced directly by the spermathecae, by 198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington the size and condition of seminal vesicles, as well as indirectly by the organ deletions. Assuming reproduction to be parthenogenetic, the next question is, from which of the presently known species of Diplocardia could the Michigan population have been derived by any of the structural degradations so often associated with hereditary male sterility and parthenogenesis? Prostates, more than any other structure, unless it be spermathecae, are the organs most commonly deleted. The types of egglestoni, except for the male terminalia, do not differ significantly from normal, amphi- mictic specimens of D. singularis. Accordingly egglestoni falls into the synonymy of singularis. The International Code of Zoological Nomencla- ture does not allow latinized names for clones, morphs, or infrasubspecific taxa. The Michigan population can, if necessary, be referred to as an aprostatic singularis morph, or, if further study shows additional dif- ferences, as Michigan morphs. Although prostates had been deleted in that population seminal grooves, now of no use, are retained although incompletely. (At full development, grooves extend at least to equators of xviii and xx.) Seminal grooves have disappeared in an Illinois morph, unless a last vestige is represented in the equatorial annulus of xix. Penial setae, though now without function, are present in the Michigan population. Those setae, in the Illinois morph, are being lost. Form of setal shafts secreted by ventral follicles of prostatic pore segments gradually changes during amphimictic adolescence and ma- turity. Eventually the sigmoid shape is lost and penial setae have markedly different shapes, sizes, and may be variously ornamented or sculptured. Ability to make those changes is being lost by worms of the Illinois morph. With completion of that evolutionary process, con- dition of the ventral setae in prostatic segments will have reverted, in adults, to a long lost ancestral condition. Ventral setae of the male pore segment are dehisced without replacement during amphimictic adolescence or are retained in juvenile size within the body wall throughout maturity. Ability to do that is disappearing in the Illinois morph, and when it has been lost by all eight ventral follicles, setae of the former male pore segment will have reverted to a long lost ancestral condition. Especial attention is asked for those two instances as some individuals emphatically denied (in litt.) that reversion is possible. The anatomical degradation, often associated with parthenogenesis, obviously has evolved further in Illinois than in Michigan morphs, at least insofar as the male terminalia are concerned. Evolution of singularis polymorphism seems unlikely to have been limited to two aprostatic morphs. They can be readily recognized externally because of the lack of appropriate pores at the equators of xviii and xx. Testes of Smith’s aprostatic individual were not examined microscopically. Supposed ova could have been parasitic bodies, or feminization of testes may have been incomplete. Complete feminization seems likely to be On Illinois Earthworms 199 found in the unknown original home of the Illinois morph, providing reproduction has been parthenogenetic long enough. The basis for this prediction is complete conversion, in species of other families, of testes into ovaries of a quite characteristic and obviously different shape from that of male gonads. Less interesting, perhaps because of frequency elsewhere, would be reduction in number of spermathecae or deletion of the entire battery. Parthenogenesis, in association with male sterility, has been reported hitherto from several genera (cf. Gates, 1956, 1960, 1961) in each of four families, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnero- drilidae. The present record is the first for Diplocardia and also for its family, Acanthodrilidae. A recent publication (Gates, 1960) provided information (but with- out discussion) as to frequency of parthenogenesis in the earthworm fauna of America north of Mexico except for a small region extending from northern California into Washington. Endemic species, according to that contribution (Table 1, p. 76) are in four genera. For Bimastos Moore, 1893, seven species were named. The validity of most of these remains to be established. Six according to the “New Systematics” certainly are not species at all. The needed revision now seems likely to decrease, rather than increase the number of its species. For Eisenia, two species were listed and further autochthones are not now expected. So little was known at that time about the genus Diplocardia that species were not listed. Merely to provide a definite figure for discussion, 15 of those species that had been named in the past were assumed to be valid. In Sparganophilus, Benham, 1892, one American species only has been recognized by recent writers. The endemic fauna of a very large portion of North America, as known today, comprises 25 or more species in four genera. Island Ceylon, with an area of 25,332 sq. miles, has more than 70 species mostly endemic. The number of genera is 13 but will probably be increased when revisions are made. Burma (261,789 sq. miles) on the Asiatic mainland, along with adjacent and neighboring islands, has at least 150 species most of which are endemic. Why then does such a great area as the above-limited major portion of North America have so few species (60+)? One obvious answer might be that the small numbers just cited are fictitious because of our vast ignorance of American megadriles. Two genera are indeed likely to be added when properly preserved material has been made available to qualified specialists. One of these two genera now seems likely to be exotic, the other may be indigenous. Even when both are defined the number will be small with reference to size of the area being discussed. As fortuitous accumulation of occasional small samples or single individuals is replaced by systematic searches and intensive local surveys, further species perhaps should be expected. A Pakistani Visiting Professor (Bhatti, 1966), secured just in the vicinity of Philadelphia in six months, 200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23 species. Number of species listed for other states were: Illinois 24 (Smith, 1928), central Maine 22 (Gates, 1961), Michigan 18 (Murchie, 1956), Ohio 17 (+ 1 or 2? Olson, 1928), New York 16 (Olson, 1940), Washington 11 (Altman, 1936). Although 14 of Bhatti’s species had not been reported previously from Pennsylvania, none were new and 19 are exotic on this continent. Unless much different results can be obtained in also unglaciated states further south, few new species will be added to a short continental list. Associated with the problem posed by the paucity of continental endemics is another, that of the percentage of parthenogenesis. Six of the seven species of Bimastos probably are parthenogenetic. In the seventh that mode of reproduction may be optional. Parthenogenesis now is recorded for one species of Diplocardia. How widespread that phenomenon may be among the largest group of endemic species on this continent cannot be said. Prior to the “New Systematics,” method of reproduction was unimportant and megadriles of course were always thought to be hermaphroditic and obligatorily amphimictic. Even today very few of the descriptions of earthworm species that are published provide any indication as to manner of reproduction. Six species of Bimastos, 1 of Diplocardia, and possibly at least one other, means 28 percent (or more) parthenogenesis among continental endemics. The questions thus posed seemingly can be answered very briefly. During the Quaternary, earthworms were exterminated everywhere that glacial ice was thousands of feet thick. Implicit in recent discussion of megadrile distribution (cf. Omodeo, 1963) was an assumption that European species alone survived on nunataks in Greenland and Iceland, as well as on the continent itself. Until someone can show how worms could have maintained themselves during exposure to arctic conditions on denuded mountains through many millenia, the nunatak thesis needs no further consideration. Even after recession of the ice sheet was well under way, conditions for some time remained unfavorable for earth- worms. Gravel, sand and clay now are often uninhabited by megadriles. Even today, at least several thousand years after the glacial epoch, earthworms are unknown in most of Alaska and northern Canada. Climatic conditions below the southernmost advance of the ice must have been far from favorable. In some such area the struggle for existence conceivably could have been so difficult that survival became possible only through adoption of parthenogenesis. If so, that area and to the north may have been the chief home of Bimastos. Eisenia (American section only) could have had a more southern distribution so that two of its species were able to survive there without being forced into parthenogenesis. Diplocardia, on the contrary may have only just begun to penetrate into a belt of climatically enforced parthenogenesis. Somewhere in that belt, when it has been determined, may be found the original home of the singularis aprostatic morphs. No evidence has yet been presented to show that D. singularis reached glaciated regions On Illinois Earthworms 201 of Illinois and Michigan by its own unaided efforts. Transportation, presumably by man, probably was responsible for introduction to those area. LITERATURE CITED AttT™an, L. C. 1986. Oligochaeta of Washington. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol., 4 (1), pp. 1-137. Buatti, H. K. 1966. Earthworms of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, and vicinity. Proc. Pennsylvania Acad. Sci. 39, pp. 8-24. (AI- though the reprints, and perhaps also the Journal, bear a 1965 date, publication was in 1966. ) Gates, G. E. 1956. Reproductive organ polymorphism in earth- worms of the oriental megascolecine genus Pheretima Kinberg 1867. Evolution, 10, pp. 213-227. . 1960. Earthworms of North American Caves. Natl. Speleol. Soc., Bull. 21, pp. 77-84. . 1961. Ecology of some earthworms with special reference to seasonal activity. American Midl. Nat. 66, pp. 61-86. Murcuig, W. R. 1956. Survey of the Michigan earthworm fauna. Papers Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts, Letters, 41, pp. 53-72. Oxtson, H. W. 1928. The earthworms of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Surv., Bull. 17, pp. 47-90. 1940. Earthworms of New York State. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Novitates, no. 1090, pp. 1-9. OmopeEo, P. 1963. Distribution of the terricolous Oligochaetes on the two shores of the Atlantic. In North Atlantic Biota and their History, Pergamon Press, pp. 127-150. SmitTH, F. 1928. An account of changes in the earthworm fauna of Illinois and description of one new species. Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., 17 (10), pp. 347-362. 202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ANT HSOW> oN Nap DEC 1 1967 BRARIES_, |. 80, pp. 203-206 1 December 1967 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF SHREW (GENUS CRYPTOTIS) FROM JALISCO, MEXICO (MAMMALIA; INSECTIVORA ) By HucuH H. GENoways AND JERRY R. CHOATE Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 From 6 July to 11 July 1966, vertebrates were collected on Volcan de Fuego, Jalisco, for the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, by Genoways and Percy L. Clifton. On 10 July a shrew of the genus Cryptotis was obtained on a steep slope across the valley to the north of the active cone of the volcano. The specimen was caught in a steel trap placed in the tunnel of a pocket gopher; because the opening had not been covered after the trap was set, it could not be deter- mined whether the shrew was using the tunnel as a runway or had entered the opening. Vegetation on the complex of mountains that includes Volcan de Fuego consists of pine-oak forest up to about 7500 ft; fir, first appearing at 7500 ft, becomes dominant between 8500 and 10,000 ft and occurs in sheltered areas up to 12,000 ft; bunchgrass occurs above 12,000 ft and on exposed slopes as low as 9000 ft (see Goldman, 1951:181; Baker and Phillips, 1965:691). Vegetation at the site (9800 ft) where our shrew was captured consisted of bunchgrass interspersed with low deciduous bushes and small coniferous trees. The braincase was broken into many fragments by the trap, but the pelage and the remainder of the skull were not damaged. The specimen represents an heretofore unknown species that is named and described below. Cryptotis euryrhynchis new species Holotype: Adult male, skin and imperfect skull, no. 107,143 Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, from Volcan de Fuego (also called Volcan de Colima), 9800 ft, Jalisco; obtained on 10 July 1966 by Percy L. Clifton (original number 11,059). 31—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 80, 1967 (203 ) 204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Distribution: Known only from the type-locality. Diagnosis: Size medium for members of the genus both externally and cranially (total length 106, palatal length 8.6); rostrum broad and massive (maxillary breadth 6.7); mesopterygoid fossa broad (pterygoid breadth 3.05); upper parts gray; underparts pale, hairs tipped with pale gray; feet pale brown. Comparisons: From 16 specimens of Cryptotis mexicana mexicana (Coues) from Las Vigas, 8500 ft, Veracruz, C. euryrhynchis differs as follows: larger externally (total length 106 as compared to 100); rostrum broader (rostral breadth across parastyle of M2 6.1 as com- pared to 5.3); palate longer (8.6 as compared to 8.0); mesopterygoid fossa broader (pterygoid breadth 3.05 as compared to 2.7); dentition more massive; upper parts paler; underparts pale gray rather than brown. From three specimens of Cryptotis mexicana goldmani (Merriam) from Omilteme, 7300 ft, Guerrero, C. euryrhynchis differs as follows: hind feet longer (14.5 as compared to 12); front feet and claws larger; rostrum broader (rostral breadth across parastyle of M2 6.1 as com- pared to 5.5); palate longer (8.6 as compared to 8.3); underparts pale gray rather than brown. From two specimens of Cryptotis goodwini (Jackson), one from 5 mi. N, 1 mi. W El Chol, 6000 ft, Guatemala, and the other from 3.5 mi. SW San Juan Ixcoy, 10,120 ft, Guatemala, C. euryrhynchis differs as follows: tail shorter (25 as compared to 30); rostrum broader (rostral breadth across metastyle of P4 5.4 as compared to 5.1); palate shorter (8.6 as compared to 9.3); dentition more massive. From three specimens of Cryptotis alticola (Merriam) from Mt. Popocatapetl, Mexico (U.S. Nat. Mus. 52043; 52045-6), C. euryrhynchis differs as follows: mesopterygoid fossa broader (pterygoid breadth 3.05 as compared to 2.85); postero-internal cingulum of P4-M2 less extensive; upper parts and underparts gray rather than brown. Measurements: External and cranial measurements, in millimeters, of the holotype of Cryptotis euryrhynchis are given in Table 1. Pterygoid breadth refers to the least distance from the outside of one pterygoid to the outside of the other at a place just behind the posterior end of the palate. Definitions of other cranial dimensions used here, excepting the two pertaining to rostral breadth, are from Jackson (1928:13). All cranial measurements were taken with a_ binocular microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer and a stage micrometer. Remarks: The systematic relationships of shrews of the genus Cryptotis are difficult to interpret because many populations seem to be isolated at high elevations on mountains (see Hall and Kelson, 1959: 57-64). In addition, there sometimes is considerable variation among specimens from the same population (for example, see Raun, 1965: 215). Certain characteristics used by Merriam (1895) and others to distinguish alleged species probably are age variations. Our one speci- men of Cryptotis euryrhynchis has distinctive cranial features that are 205 ‘9-GPOTS PU EFOTSE WNSN JO Syoutomnsvey ¢ ‘sosoyjuoied Ul pourmexe suoutIoeds Fo IequINN ¢ ‘ad AJO[OF{ + TE (S6'S-GL'S) S8'S (6'3-L3) 83 (6'3-9'S) LG co's ypee1q plosA103g ie Ee (o'e-7'¢) Ge ($'4-9'P) LY (LI-TYD) OF as) Pd jo o[Ajsvjour = SSOIOV Yipesiq [easoy g 09 ‘6's (y9e-¢79) €9 (9'¢-7'g) g°¢ (9'¢-T'¢) eg T'9 BIA, JO e[Aisesed = sso1oe YpveIq [e1}SOY S yo — (L'9-9'9) 9°9 (€'9-0'9) 39 (7'9-8'¢) T'9 L'9 yypeoiq Areypixeyy = es = (og) og (T'S-6'7) 0°S (TS-L'y) BP oS ypeciq [eyWqr1o107UT 3 = (GRE Sen, (69) 69 (ZL-¥'9) 3°9 er AMOI-Y}00} S Aley[Ixeul jo yysue'y = a eo (0'6-6'8) 6'8 (¥'8-1'8) €'8 (¢'8-€'L) 0'8 9°8 ysusl [ered 9 aul OSGI 7))- St (eee) vil Cieeh). sr CFI yoo} purly jo y\sue'T S 0¢ ‘TE (66-G3) 8% (oe-Gz) Le (z-€2) 3s fei @PIqo}I0A [fe} JO Ysue'T GOT ‘STI (ZOI-001) TOT (ZOI-L6) O0T (GOI-76) O0T 901 ysue] [eO], (3) e(€) (¢) wowpjos (QT) Duvoixau 2(T) uumpoos "yD D1091}]D *D DUDIIXOUL *D DUDIIXAUL “4D {s1youhyshina -9 ‘syjojdfity JO exe} DATF JO sJUOWOINseoW payee ‘| WIV], 206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington not likely to vary much with age and that distinguish it from specimens of related species of all age categories that we have examined. Sexual dimorphism is not known in the genus, and none was found in the comparative material. Judging from external and cranial dimensions, Cryptotis euryrhynchis belongs to the mexicana group. Two of the characteristics used by Jackson (1933:81) to distinguish C. goodwini from C. mexicana were depth and breadth of cranium. Because the braincase of the holotype of C. euryrhynchis is lacking, we were unable to determine morpholog- ically whether C. euryrhynchis resembles C. mexicana more than C. goodwini. Cryptotis euryrhynchis is the northernmost known representative of the mexicana group in western Mexico. The species in the mexicana group that occur nearest Volcan de Fuego are C. alticola (Monte Rio Frio, 45 km ESE Mexico City—Davis, 1944:376) and C. mexicana goldmani (2 mi. W Omilteme, 7900 ft, Guerrero—Davis and Lukens, 1958:350). Cryptotis goodwini, known only from farther south (the nearest locality of record is Calel, 10,200 ft, Guatemala—Jackson, 1933: 81) probably is not so closely related to C. euryrhynchis as is C. mexicana. The specific name euryrhynchis is from the Greek eurys, broad, and rhynchos, snout. Funds for field work were made available by the Kansas University Endowment Association (Watkins Fund). Specimen examined: One, the holotype. LITERATURE CITED Baker, R. H., anp C. J. Puiiuis. 1965. Mammals from El Nevado de Colima, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 46: 691-693. Davis, W. B. 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25: 370-403, 1 Fig. Davis, W. B., AND P. W. LuKENs, Jr. 1958. Mammals of the Mexican state of Guerrero, exclusive of Chiroptera and Rodentia. Jour. Mamm., 39: 347-367. GotpMAN, E. A. 1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smith- sonian Misc. Coll., 155: xiii 476, frontispiece, 70 pls. Hautu, E. R., ann K. R. Ketson. 1959. The mammals of North America. 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