PROCEEDINGS OF THE / Biological Society o! WasMiton ^ « . VOLUME XIII 1899 - 1900 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1901 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS 1899 T. S. PALMER, Chairman F. H. KNOWLTON O. F. COOK 1900 F. H. KNOWLTON, Chairman T. S. PALMER C. L. POLLARD (ii) CONTENTS. V ' ' Page Officers and committees for 1890 v Officers and committees for 1900 vii Proceedings ix-xx Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 1-8 A New Pigmy Oryzomys from the Santa Marta Region of Colom- bia, by Outram Bangs 9-10 Description of a New Vole from Eastern Siberia, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 11-12 A New Vole from Hall Island, Bering Sea, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 13-14 The Florida Puma, by Outram Bangs 15-17 Descriptions of Six New Rodents of the Genera Aplodontia and Thomomys, by C. Hart Merriam 19-21 Notes on Three Genera of Dolphins, by T. S. Palmer 23-24 Descriptions of New Birds from Northwestern Mexico, bj' E. W. Nelson 25-31 Two New Glossophagine Bats from the West Indies, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 33-37 A New Polar Hare from Labrador, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 39-40 Chamcfa fasciata and its Subspecies, hy Wilfred H. Osgood 41-42 Description of a new Lemming Mouse from the White Moun- tains, New Hampshire, by Edward A. Preble 43-45 The Eye of Byblis t^erratn, by Sylvester 1). Judd 47-51 A New Fossil Bear from Ohio, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr ,53-.56 A New Moose from Alaska, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 57-.59 Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia, by William Palmer 61-70 Notes on Tatoua and Other Genera of Edentates, by T. S. Palmer 71-73 A New Treefrog from the District of Columbia, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 1 75-78 The Dogbanes of the District of Columbia, by Gerrit S. Mil- ler, Jr 79-90 On Some New or Rare Birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, by Outram Bangs 91-108 The Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall in California, by Frederick V. Coville 109-121 Three New Bats from the Island of Curasao, by Gerrit S. Mil- ler, Jr 123-127 Eight New Species of North American Plants, by Charles Louis Pollard 129-132 Some New or Noteworthy Louisiana Plants, by Charles Louis Pollard and Carleton R. Ball 133-135 Seven New Rats Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Siam, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 137-150 Descriptions of Two New Mammals from California, by C. Hart Merriam 151 Description of a New Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys) from Mexico, by C. Hart Merriam 152 Descriptions of Two New Mammals from Southern California, by F. Stephens 153 General Notes 154-158 Veapertilio co7icin?ms of Harrison Allen, 154; Generic name Evotomys not invalidated by Anaptogonia, 154; Note on Mieronycteris brarhyotis Dobson and M. microtis Miller, 154; Systematic name of the Cuban Red Bat, 155; Note on the Vespertilio blythii of Tomes, 155; The Scotophilus pachyo- (iii) ^y'o^//' iv Contents and Illustrations. Page mus of Tomes a valid species, 155; A bat of the genus Lirhonycteris in South America, 156; Systematic name of the large noctule bat of Europe, 156; Antennaria solitaria near the District of Columbia, 157; Batrarlninn hederaceum in America, 157; Change of name, 158. A Second (bllection of Bats from the Island of Curasao, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr .".. 159-162 A New Gerbille from Eastern Turkestan, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 163-164 General Notes 165-170 The systematic name of the Cuban red .bat, 165; On the oc- currence of a bat of the genus ^^ornioop.s in the United States, 166; A correction relative to the Tarsier, 166; An older name for the Aard Yark, 166; An older name for the Ogotona, 166; The proper name of the Viscacha, 166; An older name for the Norway rat, 167; On the recent occur- rence of the black rat in Boston, Massachusetts, 1()7; Note on Dipodoinjjs montunus Baird, 167; Remarks on an unusual- ly large lobster caught off Newport, Rhode Island, 168; A new southern violet, 169; The correct name for the eastern form of the fox squirrel, 169. Some Plants of West Virginia, by E. L. Morris 171-182 General Notes 183-184 New name for a North American squirrel, 183; The proper name of the Viscacha, 183: A new Helianthus from Florida, 184. A New Mouse Deer from Lower Siam, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 185-186 Mammals Collected bv Dr. W. L. Abbott on Pulo Lankawi and the Butang Islands," by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 187-193 Ribes mescalerium, an Undescribed Currant from New Mexico and Texas, by Frederick V. Coville 195-198 Polypodium he)^7>n.. L I & i-^ A i« , PROCEEDINGS. VA- "^ * » ' The Society meets in the Assembly Hall of the Cosmos Club on alternate Saturdays at 8 p. m. Brief notices of the meetings, with abstracts of the papers, are published in Science. January 14, 1899— 300th Meeting. The President in the chair and 32 persons present. W. H. Ashmead exhibited specimens of Chirodaimts, a rare South American wasp, three specimens of which had been found in a collection presented to the National Museum by the U. S. Fish Commission. Vernon Bailey described an interesting case of protective coloration in Ochotoyia. C. L. Pollard exhibited photographs of the laboratory build, inffs of the New York Botanical Garden in course of erection. V. K. Chesnut exhibited photographs and fruits of the Cali- fornia laurel {JJmbellularia calif arnica), a plant belonging to the olive family, the leaves of which contain a volatile oil which is distilled and used for medicinal purposes. The fruits are greatly valued by the Indians as an article of food. The following communications were presented: C. L. Marlatt: A New Nomenclature of the Broods of the Periodical Cicada.* *Bull. No. 18, New Series, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agr., Nov., 1898, pp. 52-58. (ix) X The Biological Society of WasJnngton. E. A. De Schweinitz: The Practical Working of the Serum Treatment for Swine.* Erwin F. Smith: The Effect of Acid Media on the Growth of Certain Plant Parasites, f January 28, 1899— 30ist Meeting. The President in the chair and 57 persons present. The evening was devoted to a symposium upon the topic 'The Great Dismal Swamp', with the following speakers: David White: Geology and Physiography of the Dismal Swamp. F. G. Gardner: Soils of the Dismal Swamp. J Thomas H. Kearney: The Flora of the Dismal Swamp. § William Palmer: The Fauna of the Dismal Swamp. February 11, 1899— 302d Meeting. The President in the chair and 13 persons present. A severe blizzard was in progress and the society adjourned immediately after the reading of the minutes of the preceding meeting. February 25, 1899—303*1 Meeting. The President in the chair and 33 persons present. H. J. Webber discussed the recent researches of Lawson on Cobaea scandens in which a new method of spindle formation is described. Gen. Sternberg called attention to the falling of leaves of Maynolia grandiflora in Washington caused by the recent severe cold. The evenino- was devoted to the further discussion of the Dismal Swamp. The following speakers participated: W. H. Seaman, F. D. Gardner, F. V. Coville, William Palmer, Ver- non Bailey, A. K. Fisher, M. B. Waite, and Lester F. Ward. *The Serum Treatment of Swine Plague and Hog Cholera. Bull. 23 Bureau Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agr., 1899, pp. 1-18. +To be published as a Bulletin of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and l*atho]ogy, U. S. Dept. of Agr. ^To bo published in Contributions U. S. Nat. Herb. gTo be published in Contributions U. S. Nat. Herb. Proceedings. xi March ii, 1899— 304th Meeting. The President in the chair and 93 persons present. The evening was devoted to a lecture by Mr. Robert T. Hill on 'The Natural Aspects of Porto Rico' (illustrated by numer- ous lantern slides). March 25, 1899— 305th Meeting. The President in the chair and 39 persons present. The following communications were presented: T. S. Palmer: The Danger of Introducing Noxious Animals and Birds.* M. B. Waite: The Effects of the Recent Severe Cold on Vegetation. F. A. Lucas: The Mental Traits of the Fur-Seal, f April 8, 1899— 306th Meeting. The President in the chair and 39 persons present. The following communications were presented: William Palmer: The Ferns of Hemlock Bluff. ^ O. F. Cook: Notes on the Habits of African Termites. Erwin F. Smith: Biological Characteristics as a Means of Species Differentiation. April 22, 1899— 307th Meeting. The President in the chair and 38 persons present. The following communications were presented: T. D. A. Cockerell: Faunae and Faunulae of New Mexico. Oscar Loew: On the fermentation of Tobacco. § Albert F. Woods: Some Microchemical Reactions resembling Fungi. I May 6, 1899— 308th Meeting. In the place of the regular meeting of the Society, a joint meeting with the Chemical Society was held, President Stokes *Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agr., 1898, pp. 87-110, figs. 1-G. fReport of Fur-Seal Investigation of 1896-7, Vol. Ill, pp. 09-74. tThe Plant World 3: 143-149. 1899. ^Report No. 59, U. S. Dept. of Agr. il Science n. s. IX, No. 223, pp. 508-510. April 7, 1899. xii The Biological Society of Washington. of the Chemical Society presiding, assisted by the President of the Biological Society. The evening was devoted to a lecture by Dr. Oscar Loew on 'Tho Function of Mineral Substances in Organisms'* which was followed by ten-minute discussions by H. W. Wiley and Frank Cameron, of the Chemical Society, and Af F. Woods and Erwin F. Smith, of the Biological Society. May 20, 1899— 309th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. The following communications were presented: C. Hart Merriam: The Fauna and Flora of Mount Shasta Contrasted with those of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges, f Charles L. Pollard: Species Characters among Violets. Sylvester D. Judd: Birds killed by the Monument during the Night of May 12, 1899. William Palmer: The evolution of a Subspecies. J October 21, 1899 — 310th Meeting. The President in the chair and 25 persons present. The following communications were presented: O. P. Hay: A Census of North American Fossil Verte- brates. § V. K. Chesnut: Notes on a Preliminary Catalogue of Plants Poisonous to Stock. |j Herbert J. Webber: Polyembryony in Citrus Hybrids. 1^ *Bull. No. 18, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology U. S. Dept. of Agr. f The Boreal Fauna and Flora of Shasta contrasted with Correspond- ing Faunas and Floras of tlie Sierra and the Cascades. N. Am. Fauna No. 16, pp. 69-82, October 28, 1899. :|:Auk. July, 1900. Under the title 'Ecology of the Maryland Yel- lowthroat and Its Relatives'. t^Science n. s. X, pp. 681-684. 1899. ||15lh An. Kept. Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agr., pp. 387-420. 1899. ^jJoiir. Royal ITort. Soc. London, Vol. XXIV, under the title "Worli of tlie United States Department of Agriculture on Plant Hybridiza- tion". Proceedi)igs. xiii Albert F. Woods: Additional Notes on the Spot Disease of Carnations.* November 9, 1899—31 ith Meeting. The President in tlie chair and 26 persons present. The following communications were presented: L. O. Howard: Preliminary Notice of an Investigation of the Insect Fauna of Human Excrement, f W. H. Dall: Notes on Honolulu and the Hawaiian Islands. J G. K. Gilbert: The Submerged Forests of the Columbia River. . November 18, 1899 -312th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31) persons present. H. J. Webber called attention to the morphologically com- pound nature of the leaves of Ampelopsis tricuspidata and ex- hibited specimens collected by Doctor Evans. The following communications were presented: F. A. Lucas: Letter from H. II. Field concerning the Con- cilium Bibliographicum and the })roposed Catalogue of the Royal Society. F. V. Coville: The Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nut- tall in California. § Barton W. Evermann: A Physical and Biological Survey of Lake Maxinkuckee. December 2, 1899— 313th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons pl-esent. W. H. Dall exhibited specimens of Barringtonia speciosa and called attention to the practice of stupifying the fish by this so called fish poison by throwing the bruised kernels into small ponds, etc. | Walter Evans stated that trifoliate and tripartite grape leaves *Bull. No. 19, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology U. S. Dept. of Agr. 1900. fProc. Wash. Acad. Sci. II, pp. 541-603. 2 pi. and 22 iigs. ^Nation LXIX, No. 1792, pp. 331-333, Nov. 2, 1899. gProc. Biol. Soc. Wash. XIII, pp. 109-121, Dec. 30, 1899. 8 Nation LXIX, p. 331. « xiv The Biological Society of Washington. are occasionally found similar to the specimens of Ampelopsis tricuspidata exhibited at the preceding meeting. F. V. Coville exhibited an entire and bisected cone of Pinus attemiata both covered with lichens. These cones it was stated remain on the trees from twenty to fifty years and seem to open and release the seeds only when exposed to great heat, so that no seedlings of this pine were to be seen except where the ground had been swept over by fire. The following communications were presented: L. H. Dewey: Frost Flowers. H. J. Webber: The Effect of Hybridization in the Origina- tion of Cultivated Plants.* O. P. Hay: The Chronological Distribution of Elasmo- branchs. f December i6, 1899 314th Meeting. The President in the chair and 24 persons present. H. J. Webber spoke of the necessity for a new horticultural term like race to refer to varieties of cultivated plants propa- gated by vegetative parts. G. K. Gilbert called attention to the necessity for a broad term to apply to the sum of plants and animals occurring in a region. Attention was called to the word life. The following communications were presented: Lester F. Ward: The fossil Forests of Arizona. J F. A. Lucas: Blue Fox Trapping in the Pribilofs.§ M. B. Waite: Soil Inoculation Experiments with Soy Beans. December 30, 1899— 315th Meeting. TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING. The President in the chair and 1 1 persons present. The annual reports of the Recording Secretary and Treasurer *Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agr. 1899, pp. 4()5-490, incorporated in an article entitled "Progress of Plant-breedinjif in Uie United States." f Will appear in Trans. Am. Pliil. See. :j:Published as "Report on the Petrified Forests of Arizona". Dept. of the Interior, 1900. ^Science, Jan. 26, 1900, pp. 125-128. Proceedings. xv were read, and officers for the ensuing year elected as follows: President: F. V. Coville. Vice-presidents: Wm. H. Ashmead, C. W. Stiles, B. W. Evermann, F. A. Lucas. Recording Secretary: H. J. Webber. Corresponding Secretary: T. W. Stanton. Treasurer: F. H. Knowlton. Members of the Council: T. S. Palmer, C. L. Marlatt, A. F. Woods, C. L. Pollard, M. B. Waite. The following standing committees were appointed by the President: On Communications : F. A. Lucas, B. W. Evermann, A. F. Woods, V. K. Chesnut, and W. li. Osgood. On PiihUcations: F. H. Knowlton, T. S. Palmer, and C. L. Pollard. January 13, 1900— 316th Meeting. Vice-president Lucas in the chair and .56 persons present. W. R. Maxon called attention to an interesting bifurcation in a flight feather of the peacock. William Palmer exhibited specimens of various fern fronds showing abnormal bifurcations. W. H. Seaman mentioned a case of the bifurcation of the fourth rib in man. F. A. Lucas spoke of the common occurrence of such bifur- cations in animals. II. J. Webber called attention to the similar bifurcations in the trunk of 8ahal ixihnetto, three cases having been ob- served in Florida. One specimen of the same palm had been observed with three and one with four branches in the trunk; but such branching, is very rare. The following communications were presented: Vernon Bailey: Where the Grebe Skins come from.* J. W. Daniel, Jr. : Zoological Collecting in Cuba. William Palmer: The ferns of the Lower Shenandoah Valley. E. L. Morris: A Revision of the Species of Plantago com- monly referred to P. patagonica. f *Bird Lore II, p. 34. February, 1900. fBull. Terr. Bot. Club. 27: 105-109. 1900. xvi Thf biological Society of Washington. January 27, 1900 — 317th Meeting. The President in the chair and 30 persons present. William Palmer exhibited specimens of abnormal fern fronds. H. J. Webber exhibited specimens and photographs of aerat- ing roots of Taxoditcm, Avicennia, Laguticularia, and Rhizo- phora. O. F. Cook described a mangrove growing on dry land in Africa. W. T. Swingle spoke of the occurrence of cypress knees in Europe where Doctor Lotsy stated they were not formed. . The following communications were presented: T. A. Williams: Notes on a New Lecidea from Mexico. Barton W. Everraann: Some observations concerning Species and Subspecies.* February 10, 1900— 318th Meeting. The President in the chair and 45 persons present. H. J. Webber exhibited a photograph of the tropical papaw {^Garica papaya^. B. W. Evermann described the papaw as occurring in Puerto Rico. The following communications were presented: Henry W. Olds: Form in the Songs of Birds. M. G. Kains: The Effect of the Electric Arc Light in the Culture of Easter Lilies, f E. V. Wilcox: Lupines as Plants Poisonous to Stock. J February 24, 1900— 319th Meeting. The President in the chair and 8 persons present. The following communications were presented: W. A. Orton: The Sap-Flow of the Maple in Spring. M. B. Waite: Michigan Peach Orchards. 8 *Science, n. s., ii: 451-455. March 23, 1900. fFlorists Exchange, Feb. 22, 1900. t-Tour. Comp. Med. and Vet. Arch. 20: 666-774. 1899. gReport Maryland State Hort. Soc. 2: 41. Proceedings. xvii March lo, 1900 — 320th Meeting. The President in the chair and 125 persons present. The evening was devoted to a lecture by Prof. Dean C. Wor- cester on "The Birds and Mammals of the Philippines" (illus- trated by lantern slides). March 24, 1900—32151 Meeting. Vice-president Lucas in the chair and 46 persons present. B. W. Everniann exhibited a number of colored illustrations of the peculiar and interesting fishes of Puerto Rico. The following communications were presented: Sylvester D. Judd: Feeding Experiments with Captive Birds. W. H. Osgood: Notes on a Trip down the Yukon River.* F. A. Lucas: The Tusks of the Mammoth. April 7, 1900— 322d Meeting. Vice-president Ashmead in the chair and 37 persons present. W. P. Hay exhibited living specimens of an interesting Crustacean [Branchijyus serratus). It was stated that this genus, which is normally a fresh water form, has been trans- formed into a salt water form by being grown in salt solutions. F. D. Gardner exhibited specimens of fine oolitic sand from shore of Salt Lake. The following communications were presented: L. O. Howard: Some Kew Hlustrations of Insects (illustrated with lantern slides). F. W. True: The Newfoundland Whale Fishery (illustrated with lantern slides). . April 21, 1900—323(1 Meeting. The President in the chair and 28 persons present. H. J. Webber described the migration of the vegetative nu- cleus in the pollen-tube of Zaniia from the apex of the tube, when growth in that region ceases, back to the pollen-grain end of the tube, when the growth begins in that section of the tube just previous to fecundation. *N. Am. Fauna, No. 19. October 6, 1900. Under the title "Results of a Biological Reconnoissance of tlie Yukon River Region." xviii The Biological Society of Washingto)-). The following eoTumunications were presented: C. H. Townsend: The Flying Foxes of the South Sea Islands (illustrated with lantern slides). V. K. Chesnut: Acorns as Food. W. A. Orton: The Sap-flow of the Ma])le (illustrated with lantern slides). May 5, 1900 — 324th Meeting. In the place of the regular meeting, a joint meeting with the Chemical Society was held, President Bolton, of the Chemical Society presiding. 65 persons were present. The program for the evening consisted of a symposium on the topic "The Chemical and Biological Properties of Proto- plasm". The discussion was led by Oscar Loew,* II. J. Web- ber, H. N. Stokes, and A. F. Woods. May 19, 1900— 325th Meeting. Vice-president Lucas in the chair and 76 persons present. The program of the evening consisted of a lecture by C. H. Townsend on "The Cruise of the Albatross in the South Sea Islands, with Notes on the Interesting Races of People Inhabit- ing the Islands, Their Natural History, etc." (illustrated with lantern slides). October 20, 1900— 326th Meeting, The President in the chair and 49 persons present. The following communications were presented: ' H. J. Webber: Notes on Cotton Hybrids, f L. H. Dewey: Some Foreign Varieties of Cotton. W. A. Orton: Selection for Resistance to the Wilt Disease of Cotton.;]; L. M. Tolman: Economic Uses of Cotton Seed Oil, November 3, 1900— 327th Meeting. The President in the chair and 23 persons present. F. A. Lucas described a specimen of Buffalo Fish recently *Sclence, n. s., ii: 930-935. .Tune 15, 1900. f New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association Report, 1900. X2 Bull. No. 27, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, U.' S. Dept. of Agr. Proceedings. xix received at the National Museum, which had no mouth. The fish, which had attained a weight of over one pound, must have fed by means of the gill openings. "^ W. H. Dall called attention to the discovery by T. Wayland Vaughaii of a fossil coral reef in Uecatur County, Georgia.* The following communications were presented: L. O. Howard: Insects Affecting Cotton. Henry James: Recent Progress in Forestry. M. W. Lyon: Notes on Venezuelan Zoology. F. A. Lucas: The Deposit of Mastodon Bones at Kimms- wick, Missouri. November 17, 1900— 328th Meeting. The President in the chair and 5V persons present. W. H. Dall spoke of a specimen of Chiton recently collected by Mr. Hemphill near San Diego, California, which had only six valves instead of the normal number eight. M. B. Waite exhibited an abnormal apple showing a combina- tion of three more or less perfect fruits. The specimens came from an orchard near Los Angeles, California, and the collector stated that such abnormal fruits were of common occurrence, f The following communications were presented: C. W. Stiles: The Structure and Life History of the Para- sites of Malaria. L. O. Howard: The Malaria Mosquitoes; Their Biology; What has been done and What may be done to Exterminate Them (illustrated with lantern slides). J December 1, 1900— 329th Meeting. Vice-president Lucas in the chair and 26 persons present. The following communications were presented: L. Stejneger: On Post-Pliocene Migration of Siberian Ani- mals into Europe. Erwin F. Smith: Sugar Beets in New York and Michigan. *Science n. s., ii: 873. December 7, 1900. •j-Will be published in Rural New Yorker. |Bull. No. 25, New Series, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agr. XX The Bwlogical Society of Washington. December 15, 1900— 330th Meeting. The President in the chair and 25 persons present. F. A. Lucas exhibited a skeleton of the gar-pike where a fracture in the skull had caused a marked deflection but which had not resulted in death, as shown by the callus connecting the broken bones. The following communications were presented: C. W. Stiles: Some Tropical Parasites that may be Introduced by our Returning Troops. E. W. Nelson: The Caribbean Seal. December 29, 1900—3318! Meeting. (twenty-first annual meeting.) Vice-president Lucas in the chair and 19 persons present. The annual reports of the Recording Secretary and Treasurer for the year 1900 were presented and the following oflicers elected for the ensuing year: President: F. A. Lucas. Vice-presidents: B. W. Evermann, Wm. H. Ashmead, C. W. Stiles, F. H. Knowlton. Recording Secretary: W. H. Osgood. Corresponding Secretary: T. W. Stanton. Treasurer: David White. Members of the Council: A. F. Woods, C. L. Pollard, T. S. Palmer, M. B. Waite, IL J. Webber. The following standing committees were appointed by the President-elect: On Communications: B. W. Evermann, V. K. Chesnut, W. H. Osgood, A. F. Woods, On Publications: C. L. Pollard, T. S. Palmer, David White. Vol. XIII, pp. 1-8 January 31, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE NAKED-TAILED ARMADILLOS * BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. The following notes on the naked-tailed armadillos are the result of an attempt to name some specimens belonging to the United States National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, the American Museum of Natural His- tory, and Mr. Outram Bangs. The subject naturally divides itself into four sections : 1, History of the generic and subgeneric names ; 2, The genus Tatoua and its subgenera ; 3, The naked- tailed armadillo of Central America, and 4, Comparison of three small species of Tatoua. 1. History of the Generic and Subgeneric Names. Wagler, in 1830, was the first author to recognize the naked-tailed ar- madillos as a distinct genus. He called the grouj) Xenurus, unaware that, four years earlier, this name had been used by Boie in Ornithology. The large species then recently described as Dasypus gymnurus by Wied, but previously named Dasypus unicinctus by Linnaeus, served as the type of his new genus. Gray, in 1865 and 1869, divided Wagler' s genus into two subgenera, the first containing the large species known to Wagler, the second the small Dasyints ]ns]ndus described by Burmeister in 1854. To the second, which he expressly states that he had never seen, he transferred the name Xenurus in a restricted sense, while to the first he applied a new name, Tatoua. Tatoua, thus exactly equivalent to Wagler' s Xeniirus, is there- fore the first tenable generic name for the naked-tailed armadillos. In 1873 Gray again applied the name Xenurus to the large species, mak- * Published by permission of the Secretary of tlie Smithsonian Institution. I— Biol. See. Wash., Vol. XIII, 1899 (1) 2 Miller — Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. ing no reference to his previous subdivisions, and describing the small hispidng as a new species, 'A', latirostrls.' Another small armadillo, which he regarded as the representative of a new genus, he described under the name Ziphila lugnbris. Not until 1891 was the fact recognized that the name Xenurus is unten- able for a mammal. Then Ameghino pointed out the long-standing error, but overlooking Gray's Tatoiia, proposed as a substitute for Xamrus the new name Lysiurus. In this course Ameghino has recently been followed by Trouessart, who refers the naked-tailed armadillos as a whole to Lysiurus, and places under it as a subgenus Gray's Ziphila, notwithstanding that the latter was named eighteen years earlier. The little known Ziphila lugubris has been a source of continual uncer- tainty, though since Gray, most writers, Trouessart excepted, have agreed in regarding it as very doubtfully distinct fi'om 'Xenurus' liispidus, an animal much better represented in collections. It is, however, in no way closely related to Tatoua hispida, but a distinct species, the i-epresentative of a well-marked subgenus, for which, of course, the name Ziphila is available. 2. The Genus Tatoua and Its Subgenera. Genus TATOUA Gray. 1830. Xenurus Wagler, Natiirl. Syst. der Am])hibien, mit vorang. Classif. der Siiugeth. und Vogel, p. 36. Type Dasypiis gyninurus Wied=: D. unicindus Linnaeus. (Not Xenurus Boie, 1826.) 1865. Xenwiis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. l^ondon, p. 377. 1865. Tatoua Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 378. 1869. Xenurus Gray, Catal. Carnivorous, Pachydermatous and Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum, p. 383. 1869. Tatoua Gray, Catal. Carnivorous, Pachydermatous and Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum, p. 384. Type Dasypus unicinc- tus Linnjeus. 1873. Xenurus Gray, Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-Skinned and Ru- minant Mammals in the British Museum, p. 21. 1891. Lysiurus Ameghino, Revista Argentina de Hist. Natural, I, p. 254. Type Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus. 1898. Lysiurus Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. tarn vivent. quam foss., p. 1146. Type species. — Tatoua unicinda (Linnaeus). 8—8 9 9 Charaders. — Teeth 035 = 32 to aiTq = 36, subcylindrical in form, the last about opposite middle of zygomatic arch and some distance in ad- vance of posterior border of palate ; tail long, covered with minute, thin widely spaced plates ; claws on front feet very greatly developed. Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. 3 Snl)^enus TATOUA Gray. 1865. Tatoua Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 378. 1869. Tatoua Gray, Catal. Carnivorous, Pachydermatous and Edentate Mammalia in the British INIuseum, p. 384. 1873. Xenurus Gray, Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-Skinned and Ru- minant Mammals in the British Museum, p. 21. 1898. Lysiurus Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. tarn vivent. quam foss., p 1146. Tyjje fpecies. — Tatoua unicwcta (Linnfeus). Subgeneric characters.— Crown armor consisting of 50 to 60 small, roundish, irregularly arranged plates; ears rounded, funnel-formed, densely coated with minute scales on outer side ; cheeks covered with thin plates arranged in distinct rows. Subgenus ZIPHILA Gray. 1873. ZiphUa Gi-ay, Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-Skinned and Rumi- nant Mammals in the British Museum, p. 22. Type Z. lugubris Gray. 1898. Ziphila Tronessart, Catal. Mamm. tarn vivent. quam foss., p. 1148. T'ype species. — Tatoim lugubris (Gray). Subgeneric characters. — Crown armor consisting of 30 to 40 symmetrically arranged, mostly pentagonal or hexagonal plates ; ears pointed, not funnel- formed, the outer side bare except along margin ; cheeks with a few widely spaced, irregularly scattered scales. 3. The Naked-tailed Armadillo of Central America. Dr. A. von Frantzius published the first record of the occurrence of a naked-tailed armadillo in Central A merica in 1869. He was uncertain as to the identification of the animal — the ' armadillo de zopilote ' of the Costa Ricans, so called on account of the disagreeable buzzard-like odor of its flesh— as he saw only a living individual and a skull. Both, however, indicated an animal smaller than the Dasypns gymvurus of llliger (=D. unicinctus Linneeus), to which he with hesitation referred the species. Doubt was cast on this record by Alston in 1880, who found no naked- tailed armadillos among the collections that served for the elaboration of the mammals of the Biologia Centrali-Americana. In 1895 ^Ir. Frederick W. True recorded a small Tatoua from Chameli- con, Honduras, the first positively known to have been taken in Central America. In the absence of material for comparison, he regarded the animal as " presumably the X\_eimrus'\ hispldus of Burmeister." Two years later Mr. A. Alfaro and Dr. J. A. Allen confirmed Dr. von Frantzius' Costa Rican observations by recording the capture of a speci- men at Suerre, Costa Rica. This animal is referred to ' Xeuurus gym- nnrns' (= Tatoua unicincia) without comments on the doubts expressed by Dr. von Frantzius, or on INIr. True's identification of the Honduras specimen. 4 Miller — Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. So far as I know, this completes the published history of the naked- tailed armadillo in Central America. I may add, however, that Mr. Jos6 C. Zeledon lias recently informed me that the armadillo de zopilote is well known in Costa Rica, where the worthlessness of its flesh for food is every- where recognized. I have recenth^ compared the two Central American specimens with one from Santa Marta, Colombia, and two from Matto Grosso, Brazil. The latter prove to be representatives of the subgenus Tatoua, while all of the others are referable to ZIpliila. The Costa Rican and Honduras specimens are precisely alike in all important characters, but they differ in many details from the Colombian animal, which in all probability is the same as Gray's Ziphila luguhris. While the fact that Gray's type came from Brazil throws some doubt on this determination of the specimen from Colombia, it does not lessen the piobal^ility that the Central Ameri- can Ziphila is distinct from the one hitherto described. The Central American animal may stand as : Tatoua (Ziphila) centralis sp. nov. 1897. 1897 1869. Dai^j/pus gymnurus Frantzius, AViegmann's Archiv fi'ir Naturgeschichte, XXXV, Bd. I, p. .'509 (not Basypiis gijmratnis Illiger, 1815). 1 89."). Xenuni.'i h ispidus True, Pi'oc. U. S. National Museum, XVIII, p. 4:55 (not Dasy- piis liifipidiis Burmeister, 1854). Xenurus gipinnu'Hs Alfaro, Mammiferos de Costa Rica, p. 46. Xoiurus gymmiriis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist., IX, p. 43. Type, adult 9 (skin and skull). No. iUU, United States National jNIuseum, collected at Chamelicon, Honduras, January 8, 1891, by Erich Wittkiigel. Genercd characters. — Smaller than Tatoua {Ziphila) lugubris (Gray) ; cheeks with fewer scales ; plates in central rings of carapace more numerous (29-31, instead of 27) ; occipital region of skull much less elevated ; zygomata when viewed from above nearly parallel with each other and with main axis of skull; hauiular i)rocesses of ptrygoids neither thickened nor bent inward at tips. Fiii. 1. — Heail from side: upper figure, Tatonn {Tatoua) hi.spiila ; lower figiu'o, T. (Ziphila) centralis (type). % nat. size. Notes oil the Naked-tailed Armadillos. 4. Comparison of TriiiEE Small Species of Tatoua. Tatoua (Tatoua) hispida (Burmeister). 1854. Dasypus hispidtis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. der Thiere Brasiliens, 1st Theil (Mammalia), p. 287 (Lao;oa Santa, Brazil). 1873. XenwHs lath-ostiis Gray, Hand-List of tlie Edentate, Tliick-Skinned, and Ruminant Animals in the British Museum, p. 22 (St. Cath- erines, Brazil). Crown shields about 55 (50-00), very irregular both in form and arrange- ment, their sides and angles rounded, none regularly pentagonal or hexagonal, those at front of .shield gradually di- minishing in size and distinctness. Cheeks covered with thin scales, closely set in distinct rows. Ears rounded above, the lower lobe greatly developed, the resulting form of the conch roughly funnel- shaped, with a distinct notch in the periphery in front below, and an- other behind above. A long, low ridge on inner side of conch above and in front of meatus. In- ternal surface of ear naked. External surface densely coated with roundish scales about 1 mm. in diameter. Rough peripherj'^ of plates of body armature very conspicuous, the smoother central por- tion genei'ally irregular and much pitted. Scapular shield consisting of seven or eight rows, the longest of which contains about 28 plates. On neck in front of scapular shield are three rows (the longest containing about 8 plates) of rectan- gular, closely appressed plates, the anterior rows regularly imbricating over the posterior. Dorsal rings 9, the longest containing 25 plates. Pelvic shield containing 9 rows, the longest with about 25 plates; the Fie. 2. -Head from above: upper figure, Tatoua {Tatoua) hispida; lower figure, T. (Ziphila) centralis 6 3filler — Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. furrows between the plates wide and irregular. The majority of the plates of the dorsal armature are provided with from one to four conspicuous, grayish, bristle-like hairs, which spring from the posterior borders and mostly fi-om the corners of the plates ; when from the posterior edge, away from the corners, each hair stands in a distinct excavation or scallop. These bristles are most conspicuous on the sides of the body, where they are often 15 mm. in length. Tail about one-half as long as body armature, the scales arrangeil in about 10 rows ; longest scales (near base of tail) oval, about 4 mm. long and half as broad ; most of the scales on dorsal surface of tail with 1-3 short bristles springing from posterior edge. Skin of belly with transverse rows of well-developed scales, the rows about 7 mm. apart ; each scale with a tuft of 4-6 appressed bristles spring- ing from its posterior edge, the scales themselves averaging about 2 mm. by o mm. in size. Outer side of feet and legs covered with large scales (the largest 7 mm. by 9 mm.), from the posterior edges of which spring conspicuous tufts of bristles. Skull triangular in profile, the facial line little broken by supraorbital swellings or postorbital depression. Zygomata greatly expanded and thickened at middle. Tatoua (Ziphila) lugubris (Gray). 1873. Zipliila lugubris Gray, Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-Skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum, p. 23 (St. Cath- erines, Brazil). Crown shields about 33 (30-35), regular in form and bilaterally symmet- rical in arrangement, their angles distinct and sides (usually 5 or 6) straight, those at front of shield large and equal to the others in deflnite- ness of form. Each cheek with about 20 small, irregularly scattered scales. Ears pointed above, the lower lobe very slightly developed, the resulting form of conch not at all funnel-shaped. A short high ridge on inner side of conch above and in front of meatus. Internal surface of ear naked. p]xternal surface of ear naked except for a row of scales, each about 1 mm. in diameter, along entire external border of conch, and a secondary row 7 mm. in length extending downward from slightly de- veloped notch between upper and lower lobes. Rough i>eriphery of plates of body armature inconspicuous, the smooth central portion generally Hat and polished. Scapular shield consisting of 7 or 8 rows, the longest of which contains about 28 plates. On neck in front of scapular shield are two or three rows (the longest containing about S plates) of irregularly lenticular, widely spaced plates, the rows not imbricating. Dorsal rings 10, the longest consisting of 2(5-27 plates. Pelvic shield containing 10 rows, the longest with about 25 plates; the furrows between the plates narrow and regular in outline. The majority of the j)lates of the dorsal armature are jirovided with one or two small, very inconspicuous bristles growing from the extremities of the posterior Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. 7 borders. These bristles, the longest of which are less than 10 nun. in length, are more readily detected by touch than by sight. Tail considerably more than half as long as body armature, the scales arranged in about 14 rows; longest scales (near base of tail) roundish, about 3 mm. in diameter; most of the scales on dorsal surface, with one (never more) bristle springing from posterior edge. Skin of belly with transverse rows of poorly developed scales, the rows about 7 mm. apart; each scale with a tuft of 3-5 appressed bristles; the largest of the scales slightly smaller and less definite in form than those of T. hispidu, the smaller reduced to mere elevations in the skin, sur- mounted by the tuft of bristles. Outer side of feet and legs covered with scales, the largest of which are not more than 5 mm. by 7 mm. in diam- eter. Skull triangular in profile, the facial line distinctly broken by the prominent supraorbital swellings. Rostrum noticeably more slender than in T. Jiispida ; zygomata much more lightly built than in T. luspida, bent outward so as form almost an angle at middle. Palate behind tooth row narrower than in T. hlspida and abruptly raised to a slightly higher plane. Hamulars thickened and strongly bent inward at tips. Tatoua (Ziphila) centralis Miller. 1899. Tatoua {Ziphila) centralis Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, p. 4. Crown shields about 38 (37-39), otherwise as in T. luguhris. Each cheek with less than a dozen small, irregularly scattered scales. Ears as in T. luguhris, except that scales along border of conch are less conspicuous and secondary row on back of ear is lacking. General character of plates of body armature as in Z. luguhris. Scapular shield consisting of seven or eight rows, the longest of which contains about 28 plates. Neck shields as in 1\ luguhris. Dorsal rings 10, the longest containing 29-31 plates. Pelvic shield as in 2\ luguhris. Bristles, tail, and scales on belly and legs as in 2'. luguhris. Skull slightly larger than in T. luguhris; rostrum distinctly longer. Hamulars neither thickened nor bent inward at tip. Zygomata much less strongly bent outward than in T. luguhris, so that, when view^ed from above, they are nearly parallel. 8 Miller — Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos. Cranial Measurements of Three Species of Tatoua. Greatest lenistth Basal length Basilar length Occipital depth Depth of rostrum at tip of premaxil laries Mastoid breadth Zygomatic breadth , Interorbital constriction , Rostral constriction , Length of nasals , Paicitallength.. Mandible Upper tooth row .' , Lower tooth row . . . . * * H— ++ « e .» ci .« rt '^_; '«_: i^ 2 .1^ Si, N 2^ /^ ^W ~-pq ~'o ^^ ..Q ..w Oi tri tM tx 83 75 73 so 75 69 67 73 68 62 61 65 29 26 27 29 n.6 11 9 9.4 30 36 35 38 46 42 38.6 41 27 25 24.4 24 19 17 16.4 17 29 23 27 47 44 44 47 30 26 28 28.4 63 58 58 62 27.4 24 24 25 Philaut,:;:' * Academy of Natural Sciences t Bangs collection. J Type, U. 8. National Museum. ? American Museum of Natural History na. C05 IS :0 78 72 64 28 9.4 37 39 26 18 28 47 29 60 26.4 Vol. XIII, pp. 9-10 January 31 , 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PIGMY ORYZOMYS FROM THE SANTA MARTA REGION OF COLOMBIA. BY OUTRAM BANGS. j\rr. \\. W. Brown Jr.'s collection from Santa Marta, Colombia, contains series of two species of iiigmy Oryzomys. I have sent s))ecimens of both species to Mr. Oldfield Thomas, who has, with great kindness, compared them with the material in the British JNIuseum. One species is 0. iarlcs. — According to all the information I have been able to glean, the Florida Puma is now restricted to peninsular Florida and can no longer * Stone, Science, N. S., Jan. 6, 1899, pp. 34-35. Tlie Florida Puma. 17 intergrade with any other form, and it is doubtful if it ever did* It must, therefore, be given full specific rank. Compared with true F . covcoJor I.inn., F. coryl is a huge Puma, and is indeed but little smaller than the giant of the Rocky Mountains, F. hip- polestes Merriam. Its long limbs, small feet, and rich ferruginous color are the best characters by which to distinguish it from other North Amer- ican pumas. It needs no comparison with the small pumas of northern South America or of Central America. The Bangs collection now contains six specimens of F. coryl (skins and skulls complete), all taken by F. R. Hunter in the same general region of Florida, namely, the great wilderness back of Sebastian, in Brevard and Osceola counties. Mr. Hunter writes that three of these pumas, the type an old female and the young female, were all killed together on New Year's day, 1898. * Mr. F. W. True, in his monograph on the Puma, under the head of Virginia, says : " Mr. Hallock makes the very interesting statement that the Puma is found in the Dismal Swamp. I find no other reference to its occurrence in the low coast lands of the South Atlantic States except in Florida" (p. 599). Vol. XIII, pp. 19-21 January 31, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW RODENTS OF THE GENERA APLODONTIA AND THOMOMYS. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Specimens of Aplodontia from a few miles south of the Cas- cades of the Columbia— apparently the type locality of A. rufa— differ specifically from the small coast animal commonly mis- taken for r«/a. Comparison of the typical form with specimens from the Olympic Mts., the coast of Oregon, and Point Reyes, California, shows that several very distinct species remain un- described. The northern form of the Sierra-Cascade species also proves to be different from typical A. major. All of these are here described, and with them two new Pocket Gophers from northwestern Washington. Aplodontia pacifica sp nov. Type from Newport, mouth of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. No. 77372 9 ad. U. S. Nat. Miis., Biological Survey Coll. Collected March 20, 1896, by B. J. Bretherton. Original No. 2219. Charaders.— Size small, by far the smallest of the known species; 'ear longer (higher) than in any of the others ; color darker and richer ; white spot at base of ear usually distinct. Color. — Upper parts in winter pelage fulvous brown, strongly mixed with black hairs, the fulvous strongest on flanks and sides of neck, least apparent on head and rump, which jmrts are sepia or bister, becoming dusky on nose; top of head strongly mixed with black hairs; cheeks suffused with fulvous ; under parts plumbeous, strongly washed with ful- vous ; legs, feet and tail grizzled grayish-dusky. Cranial character.^.— SknU small, light, and relatively narrow ; zygomata less spreading than in the other species; rostrum slender; interorbital constriction rather broad; palate narrow. Contrasted with A. rufa the 6— Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIII, 189'J (lit) !20 Merriam — Descriptions of Six New Rodents. skull IS decidedly smaller and narrower, the rostrum longer and much more slender ; the zygomata very narrow, not spreading or bowing out- ward as in rafa ; audital tubes very much more slender and much shorter ; frontal platform between orbits and rostrum (seen from above) very much smaller, narrower, and more rounded laterally— less flattened. Denial cha7-aciers.— Small upper premolar very large, at least twice as large as in rnfci or major, molars actually as large as— relatively much larger than — in rufa. Measurements. — Type specimen: Total length 304; tail vertebrae 22; hind foot (in dry skin, moistened) 48. Aplodontia phaea sp. nov. Type from Pt. Reyes, Marin Co., California. No. ||f| (^ ad. Merriam Coll. Collected August 1, 1886, by C. A. Allen. Orig. No. 142. Characters. — Size small; coloration (in July and August specimens) re- markably uniform grizzled bister brown without rufous or fulvous; ears much smaller (shorter) than in A. pacifica.. Cranial characters. — Skull of medium size, larger than that of pacifica, smaller than that of riifa ; zygomata spreading but less bowed out than in rufa, the anterior root standing out squarely with a well developed angle ; rostrum slender ; nasals shoi't, abruptly narrowed posteriorly, and ending considerably in front of posterior plane of premaxillae ; interorbital region broad ; audital bulUe and tubes intermediate in size between those of rufa and pacifica, the tubes of same length as in pacifica — much shorter than in rvfa; incisive foramina small and compressed or 'pinched in' ; small upper premolar about as in rufa — decidedly smaller than in pacifica. Measurements. — Type sjiecimen: Total length 330; tail vertebrae 30; hind foot (in dry skin, moistened) 55. Aplodontia olympica sp. nov. Type from Queniult Lake, Olympic Mts., Washington. No. 89549 (^ yg.-ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Coll. Collected July 24, 1.897, by R. T. Young. Original No. 309. Characters. — Similar to A. rufa but larger and darker; upper parts less ' reddish ' or fulvous ; nose darker ; white spot at base of ear absent or poorly developed. Cranial characters. — The skull of .1. o/y»!^«ca differs from thatof ^. rufa in the following characters : interoibital constriction decidedly narrower (measuring from 8.5 to 10 mm. in 8 adults as contrasted with 11 mm. in the narrowest of the r\ifa series) ; zygomata standing out more strongly anteriorly with a thickened elbow at the angle; jugal not obliquely ex- panded l)ut developing a post orbital ridge or process which forms the only upward projection from the arch — tlie posterior projection in rufa, f(jnned by the thickened anterior end of tlie squamosal, being absent ; aiulital biillre, particailarly the long bony tubes, much smaller ; auditory jneatus much smaller and more neai'ly a complete circle, with notch on upper side smaller and narrower. Measarements. —Ty])Q sjiecimen : Total length 350; tail vertebra^ 35; hind foot 55. Descriptions of Six Nciv Rodents. 21 Aplodontia major rainieri snbsp. iiov. Type from Paradise Creek, south side Mt. Rainier, Washington (alt., 5200 ft.). No 90144 S" ad. U. S. Nat. Mns., Biological Survey Coll. Col. lected August 6, 1897, by Vernon Bailey. Orig. No. 6122. Characters. — 'f^hwW&.x to A. major but paler and grayer throughout, par- ticularly the underparts and region around mouth ; whiskers mainly white instead of black ; audital tubes smaller; incisive foramina shorter and slightly more open; basioccipital notch shallower; jugal narrower and more slender throughout. Measurevtenis. — Type specimen : Total length 375 ; tail vertebrae 33 ; hind foot 62. Thomomys melanops sp. nov. Type from timberline at head of Soleduc River, Olympic Mts., Washing- ton. No. 90630 ? ad. U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Col- lected Aug. 28, 1897, by Vernon Bailey. Orig. No. 6219. Characters. — Size small ; coloration as in T. mazama — nose, space round eye and large postauricular patch (eml)racing ear) slate black in strong contrast to dull chestnut of upper parts ; under parts dark ])lumbeous, washed with buffy fulvous ; feet and wrists white. T. douyJasl from the north side of the Columbia River has the entire head reddish chestnut concolor with the back, but in cranial characters agrees best with the present species. Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of douglasi but smaller ; inter, parietal shorter posteriorly, barely notching supraoccipital ; mastoid bullfe smaller: basioccipital less excavated by audital bullfe; anterior root of zygoma (seen from above) broader and more squarely truncate, infringing more on frontals. Measurements. — Type specimen: Total length 206; tail vertebrae 63; hind foot 27. Thomomys douglasi yelmensis subsp. nov. Type from Tenino, Yelm Prairie, Washington. No. fif If (J ad. U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected Oct. 24, 1891, by C. P. Streator. Orig. No. 1385. Characters. — Similar to 2\ dovglasi but very nuich paler; face with the dark markings of the mountain species. Cranial cliaracters. — Skull like that of douglasi but interparietal larger; frontals depressed interorbitally ; angle of mandible standing out farther and projecting antei'iorly so as to form a distinct hook ; incisors broader and thicker. 3Ieasurernenls. — Type specimen : Total length 222 ; tail vertebrae 68 ; hind foot 32. Vol. XIII, pp. 23-24 January 31 , 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON _ _ NOTES ON THREE GENERA OF DOLPHINS. BY T. S. PALMER. In looking over a list of the genera of Cetaceans recently, my attention was called to several names of doubtful validity which are still in common use. These names are Aeomeris, Orca, and Tursio, now applied to members of the Delphinidpe, but which are })reoccupied in other groups. Neomeris, based on Delphinusphocsenoides Cuvier, from the Cape of Good Hope, was described by Gray in 1846,* but the name had been previously used by Lamouroux in 1816 for a genus of polyps. t In 1891 both Blanford and Lydekker mentioned that Neovieris was unavailable for a genus of mammals, but not con- sidering the group sufficiently distinct did not rename it. True, in 1889, gave Neomeris full generic rank in his ' Review of the Family Delphinidse ' (pp. 114, 178), and this course has been followed by Trouessart.'l As the group is likely to be recog- nized either as a genus or subgenus, it.should receive a name, and may be called Neophocxna from its close relationship to Phocsena, the well known genus of porpoises. For half a century the killers have been placed in the genus Orca established by Gray in 1846 in the same paper in which he named Neomeris. A somewhat careful search has failed to reveal any earlier use of Orca for this group, but the name *Zool. Erebus & Terror, p. 30, 1846. t Hist. Polypiers coralligenes flexibles, 1816. fCatalogus Mammaliuin, fasc. V, p. 1042, Nov., 1898. 7— Bioi,. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIII, 1899 (23) 24 Palmer — Notes on Three Genera of Dolphins. proves to have been original!}' proposed by Wagler in 1830* to include two ziphioid whales, Delphinus bidentntus Hunter and D. desmarcstii Risso. Orca is therefore untenable for the genus to which it is generally applied, unless it can be shown that it was so used prior to 1830. It becomes incumbent on those who wish to preserve Orca, to show that it was originally ap- l^lied to the killers, otherwise the earliest available name seems to be Orcinus of Fitzinger,t and the common species will stand Orcinus orca (Linn.)- Tursio is one of the unfortunate names which have been given to several different groups. It was applied by Gray, in 1843, to the group of dolphins of which Delphinu? tursio is the type, but afterwards when it was discovered that Wagler had previously used Tursio for Delphinus peronii Lacepede of the southern seas, it was transferred to this group, while Gray's Tursio was renamed Tursiops by Gervais. Tursio proves to have been used still earlier by Fleming, in 1822, '| for a group oi sperm whales, including T. vulgaris and 2\ microps (= Physeter microps Linn.). These species are not now recognized, and it is doubtful whether any such species exist, but this does not alter the fact that Fleming applied, or intended to appl3% the name to a genus of Lhyseterida', therebj^ })recluding its use in any other group. Both Orca and Tursio as originally used are ap- parently synonyms of other genera and therefore drop out of use. The genus to which Tursio has been applied by True and other recent authors has for its type Dolphinus peronii and has received no less than four distinct names : ITtwsio Wagler, 1830, Lissodelphis Gloger, 1841, Delphinapterus Gray, 1846, and Leuco- rhamphus Lilljeborg, 1861. Tursio and Delphinapterus are both preoccupied, and Leucorhamphus is simply a new name for Delphinapterus. Lissodel2^Jiis^ seems to be the first available name for the genus, and the species therefore becomes Lissodel- phis peronii (Lacepede). * Nat. Syst. d. Amphibien, p. 34, 1830. t Wiss.-Populiire Natur^esch. vS;iogethieie, VI, pp. 204-217, 1860. t Philosophy of Zoology, II, p. 211, 1822. ^Gloger, HanHhi. nov. Brown-backed Wren. Type No. 164261, ? ad., U. S. Nat. Mas., Biological Survey Collection, from Sierra de Choix, northeastern Sinaloa, Mexico. Collected October 16, 1S98, by E. A. Goldman. Distrihiawn.—kxi& mountain slopes of northeastern Sinaloa and adja- cent parts of Sonora, Mexico. Description of type.— Crown blackish brown, darkest on forehead ; super- ciliary stripe from bill to nape white, washed with fulvous ])rown ; loral and postocular stripe blackish; cheeks from gape dingy whitish ; malar stripe black ; sides of neck dingy whitish, streaked with dull blackish and thinly washed with dull fulvous ; back and scapulars burnt umber brown, marked witli irregular white shaft streaks and obscure blackish spots ; upper tail coverts transversely baried with umber brown, black and whitish ; outside of wings marked with spots of umber brown, black and whitish; middle tail feathers ashy brown, indistinctly and narrowly barred with blackish ; lateral feathers black, with dingy ashy tips and a series of brownish white spots along outer webs; chin, throat, breast, and middle of belly white, faintly washed with brown and spotted on breast and flanks with black ; flanks posteriorly and entire crissum cin- namon brown, brightest on under tail coverts. Measurements of type.— Wmg 7') ; tail 76 ; culmen 19.5; tarsus 24. General notes.— This species is nearest //. gnluris, from whicli it is easily distinguished by the blackish brown crown, blackish postocular stripe, and darker l)rown back. The black spots on breast and flanks are rounded instead of being mainly pointed anteriorly (and thus subtriangular), as in H. gularis. Typical specimens of H. gularis in the Biological Survey Collection from the Sierra Nevada de Colima, southern Jalisco, and from the Sierra Madre of southern Sinaloa and the Nayarit Mountains of Tepic, just west of I^>olanos, outline the known range of this species, and the specimens from the mountains of Sonora referred to //. gularis by Salvin and (iodman (Ibis, 1889, p. 235) are, no doubt, referable to //. slridnhis. Myadestes obscurus cinereus subsp. nov. Sonora Solitaire. Type No. 164262, $ ad., TJ. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Collection, from mountains near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Collected January 3, 1899, by E. A. Goldman. Distribution. — Arid mountains of southern Sonora and adjacent part of Sinaloa, Mexico. Suhspecific c/(ar«dcrs.— Most like M. yadestes o. insaluris but with the ashy gray of upper parts even paler than in that form and extending ferther down over fore back : rump and middle tail feathers clearer ashy and interscapular area less suffused with brown. Under ])arts nuich as in M. 0. occidentalls but clearer ashy, with white area on abdomen more re- stricted tluin in iii.^tilarl.s. ^feasnrelnents of I y])i:—\\\u0° ; rim of anterior nares thin, distinctly flaring ; teeth small ; anterior border of tragus with several fleshy projections near tip ; back dark brown P. hombifrnm. Phyllonycteris planifrons sp. nov. Type, adult J* (in alcohol), No. 62517, United States National Museum, collected at Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, March 18, 1886, by James E. Benedict. General characters. — See synopsis. Ears. — The ears are moderately long ; laid forward they I'each about three-fourths of the distance from eye to nostril. Anterior border of conch strongly convex immediately above base, then nearly straight to narrowly rounded off" tip. Posterior l)order fiiintly concave immediately below tip, convex through lower half The posterior border terminates abruptly close in front of meatus, and almost directly below anterior base. Six or seven transverse ridges on inner side of conch near poste- rior border. A small but conspicuous wart on cheek in front of lower base of ear. Anterior border of tragus much thickened, nearly straight, though slightly convex near middle and slightly concave below tip. Tip pointed. Posterior bordei with four jagged projections, of which the two lower arc largest and the two njiper occasionally obsolete. Muzzle (I'lnl chin. — Main jiortion of noseleaf oval, considerably broader than high, ill defined over upper lip, the free edge finely crenulate. At middle of upper part of free edge is a well defined upright i)rojection, the height of which above general outline of oval is about equal to distance between inner borders of nostrils. Nostrils near outer edges of noseleaf, ojiening upward, forward and slightly outward. Behind the noseleaf and separated from it by a deep groove is an irreg- ular but well-developed horseslioe-sliaped ridge, the ends of which blend with the glandular upper lip. Chin divided by a deep groove, narrow below, wide above, from the sides of which spring four to six small, flesh}' projections. Mt'inhranex. — The membranes are thick and leatiiery ; the wings and propatagium broad and ample; the uropatagium greatly reduced (only 10 nun. wide at l)ase). Propatagium extending along forearm to join New Glossophaginc Bats from the }Vcst Indies. 35 tliiiiul) at distal end of metacarpal. The meiubranes are practically naked throughout, as the fur of tiie body reaches the wings (both above and below) in a narrow line only. Feet. — The foot is long and strong, about two-thirds length of tibia. Toes essentially equal in length, the first and fifth slightly shorter than the others. Claws large and sharp, nearly one-third as long as rest of foot. Calcar distinct but reduced to a mere stub 3 mm. in length. 2\til. — Tail slightly longer than foot, a little less than half free from membrane. Far and color. — The fur is loose in texture, and only moderately long (about 10 mm. at middle of back). It is closely confined to body, scarcely reaching wings. That of head covers external basal fourth of ears. Face densely hairy as far forward as ridge behind noseleaf. Chin and noseleaf naked. Lips and ridge behind noseleaf sprinkled with fine, short hairs. Color of two skins (topotypes) collected June 3, 1884, by C. J. May- nard (Nos. 85 and 86, Miller collection) : fur of back whitish gray through basal half, then light clay color faintly tinged with pinkish buff. Tiie pale bases of the hairs appear irregular!}'- at the surface. Ventral surface pinkish buft", the hairs grayish at base. Ears, membranes, and feet light brown. After thirteen years' immersion in alcohol the color of the tyi)e does not differ apj)reciably from that of these skins. Sknll. — The skull of Plti/lloai/ctcri.'^ planifrons differs from that of /'. seze- koriii most noticeably in the presence of very slender but complete zygo- matic arches. The rostrum is slightly broader and flatter and the brain- case smaller relatively to the size of the skull. The facial profile is straight from external nares to base of proencephalon, where it rises at an angle of about 12°. Proencephalon small, indistinctly marked oft" from very large mesencephalon. Metencephalon small and slightly outliued. Lach- rymal region abruptly swollen. Antorbital foramen placed oy)liquely over posterior part of second premolar. Bony palate slightly arched, its gen- eral form nearly rectangular, the width between penultimate molars about half length. Vacuities behind incisors smaller than in P. sezekomi, hut distinct. Pterygoids long, the distance from haraular to posterior molar slighlly greater than length of tooth row behind canine. The i)ter}'goids are strongly hollowed from within ; and the interpterygoid fossa is partly clo.sed in immediately behind the bony palate by the thin shelf-like edges of the pterygoids. Ventral aspect of roof of posterior nares flat. A slight depression on each side of the faint median ridge on basioccipital between audital bnlhe. Audital bulke small and round, their greatest diameter about equal to least width of palate between second premolars. Rim of external nares thick, not flaring. Mandible slender, the depth contained about seven times in greatest length. The skull of the type measures : greatest length 2o ; biisal length 22 ; basilar length 20 ; zygomatic breadth 11; interorl)ital breadth 4.8 ; lach- rymal breadth 6; mastoid breadth 11; fronto-palatal depth 3.4 ; depth of braincase from highest |)oint to level of audital bulhe !).(>; maxillary 36 Miller — New GlossoplKujine Bafsfroiii flic Wed Indies. tooth row (exclusive of incisors) 8.4; inaudible 16.4 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors) 9. Teelli. — The teeth are slightly larger than in P. sesekornl or J\ buinhi- frons. Crown of first upper molar nearly equal in length to that of sec- ond and third together. First upper premolar minute, usually closely wedged between canine and second premolar. Second pi-emolar larger than second molar. Finst lower molar nearly double as long as first lowf r premolar ; second premolar slightly larger than first, which is about equal to third molar. Measurements (tyjie specimen). — Total length 78 ; tail vertebrae 17 ; tibia 22; foot 14; forearm 47 ; thumb 12; second finger 35; third finger 82; fourth finger 62 ; fifth finger 64 ; ear from meatus 19 ; ear from crown 15 ; widthof ear 13.6; tragus8.2; widthof tragus at anterior base 2 2; height of noseleaf from upper lip 4.6 ; width of noseleaf 5. Specimens examined. — One hundred and twenty-four (2 skins), all from the same limestone cave a few miles from the city of Nassau. Phyllonycteris bombifrons sp. nov. Type, adult (^ (in alcohol), No. 86274, United States National Museum, collected in a limestone cave near Bayamon, Province of San Juan, Puerto Kico, January 18, 1899, by Paul Beck with. General characters. — See synopsis. Ears. — In size and form the ears are as in F. planifrons. Tragus shorter and broader than in P. pUmifrons, the anterior border strongly convex, and with from one to three pointed outgrowths above middle. Posterior border nmch more conspicuously denticulate than in I', planifrons. Muzzle and cliin. — The muzzle and chin are essentially as in tlie I'aha- man species, but the ridge back of the noseleaf is sej^arated from the latter by a much broader groove, and the fleshy outgrowths from the sides of the groove in chin are more conspicuous. Membranes, feel, tail, and fur as in P. planifrons. Color. — Botli fur and membranes are much darker than in P. planifrons. In a specimen (No. 86270) skinned after only two months' innnersion in formalin and alcohol, the fur of the dorsal surface is whitish gray through basal two thirds, then mars brown to tip. Ventral surface pale wood brown. Ears, feet, and membranes dark brown. *S7.-'(//. — The skull of Phijllonycteris Iiomhifrons differs from that of P. plani- frons ill its shorter, narrower, more rounded rostrum, and larger, much more highly arched braincase. The proencephalon rises above the plain of the rostrum at an angle of about 30°. Lachrymal swellings well de- veloped. Audital bulbe smaller than in P. planifrons, the greatest diam- eter of each considerably less than least width of palate between second premolars. /7^'r/.//o/(/.s- slightly shorter than in P. jilanifrons. Kim of ex- ternal iiares thin and noticeably flaring. Mandible slender. Tiie skull of the type measures: greatest length 24.4; basal length 22; basilar length 19.8; zygomatic breadth 12; inteiorbital breadth 5 ; lach- rymal breadth 6 ; mastoid breadth 11.4; fronto-palatal depth 3; depth New Glossopliagine Bats from the West Indies. 37 of bruiiicase from highest point to level of audital bullae 10.4; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors) 8; mandible 16; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors) 9. 7>('//(.— Except for their somewhat smaller general size, the teeth of rhyUouycteris bomhifrons do not differ ai)preciably from those of P. plani- frons. Mensuremeriis (type). — Total length 78; tail vertebrje 14; tibia 22; foot 14; forearm 48.4 ; thumb 14 ; second finger 38; third finger 81; fourth finger 65 ; fifth finger 64 ; ear from meatus 18 ; ear from crown 14 ; width of ear l;-i ; tragus 7 ; width of tragus at anterior base 2.2 ; height of nose- leaf from upper lip 4.6; width of noseleaf 5. K^peciinens e.rnmined. — Fourteen, all from the type localit\'. Vol. XIII, pp. 39-40 PROCEEDINGS OF THR BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW POLAR HARE FROM LABRADOR* BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Certain marked discrepancies are apparent in the measure- ments of Polar Hares from Labrador and Newfoundland tabu- lated under the name Lepus arcticus hnngsi by Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads in his recent ' Synopsis of the Polar Hares of North America.' t They are, however, passed by without comment. On examining the specimens in the United States National Mu- seum, together with a few lent me by Mr. Outram Bangs, I find that these differences are correlated with others, both cranial and external, and that the Labrador Polar Hare is readily sep- arable from true Lepus hangn (Rhoads) of Newfoundland. Its relationship to the Polar Hare of Baffin Land, Lepus arcticus Ross, is, through the loss of Mr. Kumlien's specimens, less easily determinable. Lepus arcticus, however, according to the best tes- timony, never assumes a complete dark summer coat ; while the single skull that I have examined differs from that of any of the Labrador specimens. As the Polar Hare of Labrador cannot be identified with either Lepus arcticus or Lepus bnngsi it may stand as : Lepus labradoiius sp. nov. 1896. Lepus arcticus havgsi Rhoads, American NatnraHst, XXX, p. 253. March, 1896 (part). Type locaHty, Codroy, Newfoundland. 1896. Lepus arcticus hangsi Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, p. 365. August 4, 1S96 (part). Coii/pes: Hk'm No. 14149, United States National Museum, collected at Fort Chimo, Ungava, Lahrador, Septemher 28, 1882, hy Lucien M. Turner * Puhhshed hy permission of Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. tProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (1896), pp. 351-37(5. 1(1— HioL. Sue. Wash., Vol. XIII, Is'.iii (:!'.)) 40 Miller — .1 New Polar Hare from Lahrador. (original number 1180) ; skull No. 32132, United States National Museum^ same locality and collector, no further data (original number 2326). General characters. — Rlost like Lepus bangsi (Rhoads) from Newfound- land, but with shorter hind foot and longer ears. General color of dorsal surface in summer pelage clear hair brown instead of dull broccoli brown as in L. bangsi. Audital bullfe more inflated than in L. bangsi. Diff'ers from the Lepus arcticus Ross of Baffin T^and in the completely developed dark summer coat, and apparently in cranial characters also. Color. — (-ieneral color of dorsal surface hair brown tinged with bluish gray and frosted witli whitish. Head clear, pale, hair brown, lightest on cheeks and darkest on crown and forehead. Ears grizzled black and hair brown anteriorly, whitish posteriorly, black at extreme tip. Sides and rump clear gray (Ridgway, Nomenclature of Colors, PI. II, No. 8). Belly dull white. Hind feet white above, tinged with brown over bases of toes. Front feet white, strongly tinged with brown. Soles of all four feet light umber brown. Tail snowy white. Skull. — The skull of Lepus labradorius exactly resembles that of L. bangsi except in the form of the audital bullae. These are so much in- flated that they rise (when the skull is held upside down) conspicuously above the surface of the basioccipital, and slightly above the level of the liighest point of the occipital condyle. In L. bangsi the bullae rise very slightly above the surface of basioccipital, and generally not to level of condyle. The ventral exjwsure of the bull;e is in Lepus labradorius con- siderably longer than broad, while in //. bangsi the length and breadth are nearly equal. Measurements. — Type: * hind foot 140; ear from crown 100; ear to tip of hairs 108. Another specimen (No. 14793, U. S. National Museum) : hind foot 142 ; ear from crown 105; ear to tip of hairs 110. *The iy\^Q of Lejnis bangsi measures: total length 626; tail vertebrae 63; hind foot 160; ear from crown 85. (Rhoads.) Vol. Xill, pp. 41-42 May 29, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CHAMPA F ASCI ATA AND ITS SUBSPECIES. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. Among the Wren-Tits in the collection of the U. S. National AFuseum* is a single specimen (No. 3339) winch formed part of the original Baird collection and which is laheled in Prof. Baird's writing ' Pa?-us/ascmical C fasciata and C. f. pluca, oc- curs in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay. Among the few specimens examined from the region immediately south of San Fi'ancisco (Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, etc.) are individuals referable to each form, thougli tlie majority are nearest to C. fasciata. Vol. XIII, pp. 43-45 May 29, 1899 PROCEEDINGS ^ OF THE /^ BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LEMMING MOUSE FROM " THE WPIITE MOUNTAINS, NEW HAMPSHIRE. BY EDWARD A. PREBLE. During the Litter part of June, 1898, I collected a few small mammal.s near the village of Fabyans, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, a short distance west of the base of Mt. Wash- ington. Among these specimens is a small Lemming Mouse, at first suj)[)osed to be Stjnaptoiiri/sfatuus,'^ which it greatly resem- bles externally. An examination of the skull, however, show^s the animal to belong to Mlctomi/s, a subgenus hitherto unre- corded from the eastern United States. f On comparing this specimen with the type of Synaptomys {Midomys) inmiitus, it was at once apparent that it represented an undescribed form, which may be characterized as follows : Synaptomys (Mictomys) sphagnicola sp. nov. 'Ti/pc No. 96543, rP adult, U. S. Nat. Museum, Biological Survey Collec- tion. Collected at Fabyans, New Hampsliire (near base of Mt. Washing- ton), June 29, 1898, by Edward A. Preble. Original number 2402. * Described by Mr. Outrani Bangs (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, p. 47, 1896), from Lake Edwai'd, Quebec, and since recorded from Alaine, New Hampsliire, and New Brunswick. t The following references comprise all the published eastern records for Mictonnji^, each referring to a single specimen : True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 999, p. 242 (advance sheet Apr. 26), 1894. Original description of Mictomys innuilus from Ft. Chimo, Ungava, Labrador. Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, p. 238, 1897. Record of a specimen of Synaptomys {Mictomys) innuilus (not typical) from Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. 12— Bioi,. Soc Wa8ii., Vol. XIII. IKiiji (43) 44 Preble — Neiv Lemmiii;/ Mouse froiii ]Vhitc 3Ionnt(iiits. General dKivacli'Vi^. — l^arger than aS'. Itiimilns, with larger skull and lonj^er hind foot and tail. Color of Ujpe. — U])i)er parts sepia brown, quite thickly interspersed with black-tipped hairs, the fur basally blackish slate; each side gland marked with white ; under parts grayish white ; inside of ears slightly darker than general color of upper parts ; a few hairs at base of ears and on sides of cheeks, light chestnut ; tail quite sharply bicolored, the upper and lower sides concolor with body. Cranial chnrncters. — Compai'ed with the type of Syiiaptomys innuUus, which is approximately of the same age, the skull. of 8. spJiagnicola is much larger and longer ; interorbital constriction considerably longer and narrower; rostrum longer and stouter; braincase more lengthened pos- teriorly ; posterior production of zygomata straighter ; incisive foramina much lai-ger and slightly longer proportionally ; post -palatal pits deeper and median i-idge correspondingly conspicuous ; audital bullre longer and more rounded ; pterygoids more di- verging ; mandible larger and stouter, with condylar pro- cesses broader proportionally. Denial cJiaracters. — Com pared with *S'. mnuitus, the molars are heavier and molar series consid- erably longer ; enamel pattern of molars not essentially differ- ent, though the posterior prism Fig. 3.-a, Type «kiill of Sijnaptomijs (Miciomij^) of the last upper molar is more sphngnicola; b, type .skull of Synaptomys [Micto- ti-jj^ng^j^r. Inner faceS of tlie iiiys) innuitus. X IJ^- . . , upper incisors much exca- vated medially, with the edges exterior to the sulci about one millimeter longer than remaining portion of the teeth, and ending in sharp points. Enamel faces of incisoi's i)aler orange than in the type of 6'. innuitus. Measurements.— Type of S. spJiagnicola {in Hesh) : total length 132; tail vei'tebree 24; hind foot 20. Type of aS'. innuitus (in alcohol) : total length 115; tail vertebrpe 17; hind foot 17.5. Cranial measurements of tijpe. — Occipito-nasal length 27.5; basilar length 26; zygomatic breadth 16; mastoid breadth 12; interorbital constric- tion 28 ; length of nasals H ; length of incisive foramina 5.5 ; upper molar series, 7. Ty])e skull of »S'. innuitus (No. 24729, U. S.. Nat. Mus.) : occipito- nasal length li).6; basilar length 18.3; zygomatic breadth 15; mastoid breadth 11.5; interorbital constriction 3.1; length of nasals 6.3; length of incisive foramina 4.8; upper molar series 6.5. Gcner((l remarks. — The discovery of a sj)ecies of Midomys in the White Mountains, within the limits of the Canadian Zone, and at a compara- tively low altitude (al^out 1 ,600 feet) is one of the many surprises that mod- New Lemming Mouse from Wliife Mountains. 45 eni methods of collecting have brought to light, even in this thickly settled region. The type and only known specimen was taken near the banks of a small stream (called on some maps Dartmouth Brook), which leis- urely winds its way through a piece of swampy ground well grown up to alders and other small trees, just before losing itself in the noisy Ammo- noosuc. The carriage road leading from Fabyans to the base of Mt. Washington crosses the brook at this point after covering aliout a mile of its course. To the left of this road, where my collecting was done, the ground is swampy and quite densely carpeted with moss, through which spring many grasses and swamp-loving plants, overtopping, to a great extent, the logs, stumps, and fallen trees with which the ground is strewn. j\Iy traps, set here for three nights, captured numerous specimens of meadow mice {Microtus), woodmice { Peromyscus) , short- tailed shrews {Blarlna), red-backed mice {Evotomys), two species of jumping mice {Zapns Jiudsouius and Z. lusigiiifi), in addition to the Synaptomys here de- scribed. The Synaptomys was taken in a runway in the moss, beneath a small fallen tree. Whether this species is a wanderer from the Hudsonian Zone on the neighboring mountains, guided thence by that ideal highway, a moun- tain stream, or wiiether it is a regular inhabitant of the Canadian Zone throughout this region, is an interesting question, to be solved by future investigations. Vol. XIII, pp. 47-51 May 29, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE EYE OF BYBLIS S ERRATA. BY SYLVESTER D. JUDD, Pir. D. Bijhlis serraia is an Ainplii[)od Crustacean, which l)elongs to the famil}' Gammavidx,, l)ut has totally different eyes from Gam- mnrus. A pair of these eyes projects from either side of the cei)halon and an}^ one of tliem calls to mind the vertebrate eye, because it has a biconvex lens and a fluid-filled space with a retina below. A section through the chief axes of the eye of Bijhlis would first show a large lens, which has been secreted in concentric shells by a thickened layer of lentigen, Fig. 4, I. continuous on either side with the thinner hyi)odermis A, which is gorged with scarlet })igment that envelops the eye |ike a cornu- copia, thus shutting out all the ra3^s that might reach the retina without first passing through the lens. Under the lentigen is a humor space, s. Below and i)roximal to this s[)ace is a layer of cokunnar cells, x, which is continuous on either side with the hypodermis. This layer of cells has secreted a strong cuticula on its outer l^oundary, which borders on the'space, and just })rox- imal to this layer are the omatidia (which, of course, lack the corneal cuticula). The most distal element of an omatidium is a granular columnar body (cell product), r. Below and proximal to this body, the remainder of the omatidium with its refractive cone and retinulais practically identical with the omatidium of GammdVHS, minus of course, the corneal cuticula, for in the re- tinula of both crustaceans there are five retinal cells with pig- ment and four rhabdomeres. Methods. The material employed in studying the eye of Byhlis serrata was obtained at Mr. Alexander Agassiz's laboratory, at Newport, l:i— Hicji.. Sor. Wash., Voi,. XIII, 18',)',) (4T) 48 Jvdd—The Eye of Byhlis srrrafa. R. I., during the summer of 1893, by skimming the surfece of Narragansett Bay with a tow-net at niglit. Various killing re- agents were tried, but the majority of specimens used and those giving the best results were killed in Kleinenberg's picro-sul- phuric acid. Sections were cut on a Minot-Zimmerman micro- tome and stained with Kleinenberg's hematoxylin diluted with two parts of 70 per cent alcohol, and then decolorized in acid alcohol for ten minutes. This work was done under the direc- tion of Dr. E. L. Mark, of Harvard University. S'l'RrCTlTKE OF THE EyE. Bijblis serntta possesses two pairs of crater-like eyes. One pair is a little anterior to the other, and also somewhat nearer the sagittal i)lane of the animal. The axis of the anterior pair makes a very acute angle with tlie chief axis of the body, pointing forward and upward. The ventral pair of eyes points downward and backward. In the living animal both pairs of ej'es have a bright red appearance, owing to the presence of a large amount of red jjigment surrounding the lens. The component parts of the eye are best seen in sections passing tlirough the chief axis. Beneath the thickened cuticula which constitutes tlie single lens is the succession of cell layers and cell products, wliich col- lectively form a roughly spherical mass, connected at its deep end by nerve fibers with the optic ganglia. Unlike the eyes of most Crustacea, which are the type known as compound eyes, in which clusters of cells called omatidia, acting independently of one another, are provided each with its own proportion of modified cuticula, the eyes of Bijblls, although composed of clusters of cells, in some ways comparable with omatidia, nevertheless have but a single lens, so that they have a superficial resem- blance to the eyes of spiders and other arachnids. After I had studied this new and peculiar type of eye in detail, Delia Valle's paper* on the ' Gammaridiv of the Gulf of Naples' appeared, con- taining a figure and description of this Same type of eye. The amphipod studied by Delia Yalle was Ainpelinca, a genus closely allied to Bi/ldis, but the author had not been able to resolve the omatidium into its separate elements. In Ampelisca, as shown by Delia Valle's figure, the rods and cones diff'er sbghtly in shape from those o£ Byhlis. Further, there is no pigment in the hyi)odermis adjoining the lens. In the lentigen of J?»- pelisca the nuclei are proi^ortionately much larger than in Byhlis, and the *A complete bibliography of the litei-ature on the eyes of amphipods will be found at the end of Dr. G. H. Parker's masterly paper entitled 'The Compound Eyes in Crustaceans' (Bull. Mns. Comp. Zool., XXI, 1S91). The only recent histological paper on the eyes of anii)hipods of the family Gaxitiiaridic is in Antonio Delia Valle's ' Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli' (Fauna und Flora des Goifes von Neapel, XX, pp. lOS-ll'i, Tav. 46, Figs. 4-(), 1893). The Eye of By b lis scrrata. 40 lens shows no stratification. But tlie great and important differences are that the eye of Ampelisca has no humor space, lacks the middle layer of the eye of Byblis, wliile the latter possesses pigment, middle layer, and finid-filled space. Details of Histological Elements op the Eye. Lens. —The lens is about the same size in each of the four eyes. Its out- line is almost exactly circular in a surface view, and the curvature of the superficial and deep surfaces is nearly the same. Fig. -4, len. The lens, which is only a modification of the cuticula, shows even more plainly tlian the latter its com- position of successive layers, the markings be- ing as is commonly the case in lenses which are strongly convex, more or less concentric. Lenligen. — There are three distinct layers be- neath the lens, whicli in passing from the surface to the deeper portions I shall call respectively len- tigen, middle layer, and retina. The lentigen con- sists of a single layer of elongated ceils which ra- diate more or less regu- larly from the lens as a center, Fig. 4, I. They are of unequal lengths, those of tlie center being longest, and those nearer the margins of the lens successively shorter, so that the deep surface of the lentigen is usually hemisi>herical with a tendency to a conical form. The transition to the unmodified hypo- dermis is nevertheless quite abrupt. The nuclei of the lentigen cells are closely crowded in a single layer at the deep surface of the lentigen — often so closely that they are nearly twice as long as broad They are granuhu and have distinct nuclear membranes. The hypodermis underlying the cuticula that surrounds the lens is filled with roughly spherical granules of pigment. The hypodermal cells form a single layer of epithelium, but ^he pigment obscures this structure to such an extent that it is almost mpossible to make out the cell boundaries. In some sections, where Fi(i. 4. — Diugraniniatio section of right vyr. ol' |i(]ste rior pair, slightly ohliquely transverse to cliiof axis of body : Icn, lens ; I, lentigen ; h, hyporlermis ; s, space ; .<■, middle layer of cells ; r, rods; c, cones; ret., reti- nute; nil, nuclear region of retina. X 350. )0 .1 11(1(1 — Tlic Eii<: of llijblh ncrrdfd. this layer has been ruptured, nuclei are found which are supplied with a well defined membrane surrounding granular contents. So far as the nuclei are concerned, these pigmented hypodermal cells do not differ materially from the adjacent hyijodermal cells that are lacking in pig- ment, Fig. 5, h. Space. — Below the lentigen is a large space, which, in the living animal, is probabh' filled with fluid, for in none of my preparations is there any trace of structural ele- ments. A conception of the form of this space may be obtained by taking a truncated cone of plastic modeler's clay and th rust- ing into the truncated sur- face a sphere, and suppos- ing that there is a con- vexity corresponding to this hemispherical de- 2>ression Inilging out from the base of the cone. This modified truncated cone (the space) has its base formed by the slightly curving distal surface of the cells of tlie middle layer, Fig. 4, ,r, and the truncated surface is depressed by the in- wardlv ])rojecting hemi- spherical lentigen. Fig. 4,1. That this space is not Fui. 5. —Suction of left eye of the i)osterior and ventrnl pail-, transverse, to axis of body. Lens erinlvled and liy- IHidcrniis raptured (abbreviations as iu Fig. 4). X :iU(l. artilicially produced by shrinkage and consequent separation of the lentigen from the middle layer of cells is sufficiently evident from the constancy of its presence and form, but even more certainly from the fact that the deep surface of the lentigen and the outer surface of the middle layer cannot be imagined to have been in contact, for if they had been, such separation would have produced ragged ruptures and given conditions not shown in my series of slides. Middle layer. — Below and proximal to the .^^pace is a single layer of co- lumnar cells. Fig. 4, .(■. like the lentigen, this layer is thickest in the nnddle, and diminishes very gradually and uniformly in thickness to- ward the margin. The contents of these cells are granular. The nuclei are situated in the proximal ends of the cells, and have coarsely granular contents and very faint, if any, nuclear membranes. The cells have re- nuukal)iy well-defined cell walls. Tiuit this layer was not attached to and sul)sequently torn away from the lentigen by the microtome knife seems to be clearly shown by the fact that this middle layer has secreted on its distal surface bordering the sjiace a thick cuticular-like structure. The Eye of Byblis serrata. 51 Turning now to the parts of the eye lying proximal to the middle layer of cells, we notice that in all these deeper portions, which apparently cor- respond to the rods, cones, and retinnlaj of Delia Valle, there seem to be no nuclei, except those lying at the proximal or bottom part of the eye, which is clearly the nuclear region of the retina. The omatidia embrace at least the rods, cones, and retinulte. Rods. — The rods lie immediately beneath and proximal to the middle layer of cells, from which they are separated by a distinct line. The rods. Fig. 4, )■, are somewhat more numerous than the cells in the middle layer. They are columnar, about as tall as the longest cells of the middle layer, but some of the marginal ones are shorter. The rods are coarsely granular. In oblique frontal sections through the chief axis of the eye there is an indication that each rod may possibly be made up of two parts. Cones. — Beneath and proximal to each rod, and in close connection with it, is a crystalline cone, Fig. 4, c, which has a rounded cubical form and is highly refractive. Each cone is homogeneous except for a white space that usually occurs within its body. These spaces often have the appear- ance of more or less spheroidal cavities or vacuoles, but such vacuoles generally indicate the plane of separation between the two component parts of the crustacean cone. This apparent resolution of the cone into two parts seems to be indicated in cross-sections by two opposite sharp indentations of the outline. Retinidx. — Closely adhering to each cone is a bundle of live fusiform elements. Fig. 4, ret. The ))undle at a deep level becomes resolved into its separate elements, and at a still deeper level closely packed nuclei of the retinula cells are found. Figs. 4 and 5, nu. These nuclei, which are completely filled with deeply stained granules, are flask-shaped. A cross- section through a fusiform bundle shows five granular retinula cells clus- tered about a highly refractive rhabdome composed of four rhabdomeres. At the jilace where the bundles are resolved a considerable amount of pigment is seen. In a cross section five r- thick each retinal cell contains about two grains of pigment. Nerve fibers have been traced from. the optic ganglia to the region of the nuclear layer of the retina, but the exact connection with the i-etinal cells was not clearly seen. Conclusions. The eye oi ByhUs serrata, with its large lens, humor space, and complex omatidia, seems to be a compound eye built on the general plan of a simple ocellus, but also furnished with a space whose function may be like that of the vitreous humor space of the vertebrate eye. The true significance of this peculiar eye awaits the deft touch of the embryologist, who, in taking up this sense organ, will certainly enter a field where much is to be learned concerning the morpliology of the arthropod e3'e. t I » i^ A rt Vol. XIII, pp. 53-56 May 29, L899 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON /- i A NEW F0S8IL BEAR FROM OHIO.* BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Tlie United States National Museum has recently purchased from Mr. W. G. Roberts, of Middletown, Ohio, tl^e skull of an extinct bear found by workmen on the farm of a Mr. Sommers, near Overpeck Station, on the C. H. & D. R. R., four miles from Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio. In regard to the discovery of the specimen, Mr. Roberts writes : " The man who found it was digging a well. When twenty-three feet from the surface he found the skull lying on what appeared to be a nest of petrified sticks.'' Attempts to secure some of these ' petrified sticks ' have thus far failed. The skull, that of a very aged individual, probably a female, represents a species somewhat smaller than a black bear. It lacks the lower jaw, but is otherwise only slightly imperfect. Part of the left zygomatic arch is missing, and the left occipital condyle is broken away. These injuries are of ancient date. The pos- terior region of the palate was crushed in by the shovel or pick that dislodged the skull from the gravel in whicli it was im- bedded. At the same time the occiput was severely cracked and the right zygomatic arch broken. The pieces, however, fit together accurately. Six teeth remain in place — the canines, the posterior premolars, and the posterior molars. All traces of tubercles had been worn from the crowns of the grinding teeth before the animal's death. The skull differs from that of any living American bear in its long, low rostrum, deeply concave forehead, small braincase, * Published bj' permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian IiiHtitatiun. 14— Biui,. Sor. Wash., Vui.. XIII, 1899 (.-,:!) 54 Miller — .1 New Foasil Bear j'r. 791, December, 1879; ibid., XXV, p. 997, November, 1891), from Shasta County, California, is readily distinguishable from the Ohio specimen by its generic characters and exceedingly short rostrum. Ursns Jiaplodou Co[)e (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 383), from Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, is a very large animal, the jaws of which " exceed the average dimensions of the grizzly l)ear." Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone I have Ijeen enal)led to examine some of the material on which this species was based. This shows that the skull of Ursus haplodon was even more massive than that of the grizzl}' bears, and therefore nearly doul)le the weight of the Ohio specimen, with which, therefore, the s[)ecies requires no special comparison. The animal represented l)y the Ohio s[)ecimen, as none of the names based on fossil North American l)ears are ap[)licable to it, ma}' I)e called : A New Fans i. I Bear fro m Ohio. 55 Uisus procerus sj). nov. I'l/pe No. 4214, United States Niitional Museum. General characters. — Skull about as long as that of the black bears {e. th of rostrum through infra- orbital foramen. In Ursus americanus and U. floridanus the same distance scarcely exceeds the depth. The zygomatic arch as a whole does not differ noticeably from that of U. ajnericanus, though its anterior base ap- pears to Ije somewiiat more lightly built. Braincase long and low. Oc- cijiital condyle larger than in the black bears (fully as large as in U. hor- ribilis) and standing out much more conspicuously behind the parocci[iital process. Sagittal crest and lambdoid crest well developed, but not un- usually large. Inion strongly overhanging. Viewed from beneath, the most striking peculiarities of the skull of Ursus procerus are the length and breadth of the palate and the narrow- ness of the occipital region. The palate is nearly as long and fully as broad as in tiie skull of a grizzly bear the basal length of which is 40 mm. greater than that of U. procerus. The hinder part of the palate is so much injured that its exact form cannot i)e determined ; but so far as the frag- ments may be taken as a guide the posterior palatal region did not differ appreciably from the corresjiondiiig i>art of the black bear's skull. In- terpterygoid fossa wider than in Ursus americcmus. Distance from me- dian line of basioccipital to outer side of mastoid process 12 mm. less than in the type skull of Ursus floridanus with approximably ecpial basal lengtli. Audital bullae smaller than in U. americanus and U. florida)iu,s, l)ut not different in form. Glenoid fossa as in U. americanus. .s 56 Miller — .i New Foasil Bear from Ohio. The occiput, viewed from bebind, is narrower and lower tbaii in tlie black bears. This increases the apparent size of the zygomatic arches. Teeth. — The teeth are so worn that all trace of their tuberculation is lost. In form they do not appear to differ noticeably from those of U. americanvs. In size, however, the molars and premolars fully equal those of UrKii.^' horrihUh, though the canines are no larger than in a specimen of U. aiiwr- icainti<,And considerably smaller than in the skull of U. JloridannK to which reference has already been made. Measurements. — The following measurements were taken with dividers. They therefore in no case follow the outline of the bone. Greatest length ol7. Basal length 290. Basilar length (estimated) 273. Tip of nasals to line joining tips of postorbital processes 1 10. luion to line joining tips of postorbital processes 173. Z3'gomatic breadth 176. Mastoid breadth 124. Breadth across postorbital processes 97. Breadth of rostrum across bases of canines 68. Least breadth of rostrum 63. Laclirymal breadth 75. Gi'eatest Ijreadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 92. Fronto palatal depth (opposite anterior ))ase of first molar) 53. Occipital depth between audital bullfe 80. Breadth of palate between posterior ends of last molars 45. Breadth of palate at (and including) anterior ends of last molars 79. Least breadth of palate between second premolars 45. Length of palate from gnathion to plain of posterior edges of last molars 130. Greatest width of interpterygoid fossa 32. Length of glenoid fossa 48. Length of occipital condyle 36. Breadth of occipital condyle 16.6. Length of audital bulla 40.6. Canine at edge of alveolus 20 x 13. Diastema 21. Distance from anterior edge of large premolar to posterior edge of last molar (crowns) 73. The same (alveoli) 72. Crown of large premolar 16 x 13. Alveolus of anterior molar 21 .8 x 15.4. Space between crowns of large premolar and posterioi' molar 23. Crown of last molar 36 x 18.8. Reniurls. — Ursiis ^n-ocerus represents a type of bear, quite dilferent from those found among living members of the genus, characterized by elon- gation and depression of the rostrum accompanied by reduction in the braincase. While the rostrum is lengthened and broadened to dimen- sions equal to those of the corresponding parts in the grizzly bears, its depth is even less than in the black bears, which the animal as a whole probal)ly resembled in size. Though the canines are small, the molar teeth are ]M-obably relatively larger than in any other known bear. This disproportion in the sizes of the canines and molars may be partly sexual, if I am right in supposing that the tyi>e skull is that of a female. The characters of the skull and teeth are all opposed to those of the species of Arcloiherhun. With the other extinct American bears no close compari- son can be made. Ursus procerus is not nearly related to the living black bears or grizzly bears. Of neither of these can it be regarded as a directly ancestral tyi)e. Vol. XIII, pp. 57-59 May 29, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW MOOSE FROM ALASKA/!^ BY GERRIT S. MILLER. Jr. The Moose of Alaslva has long been known to be the largest of American deer, Init hitherto it has not been directly comj)ared Avith true Alces ameriavmis. During the snmmer of 1898 Mr. Dall ])e Weese, of Canon City, C'olorado, sj)ent three months on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, in quest of large mammals for the United States National Museum. Of the Moose, the special object of his search, he secured four males and two females. Tiiese specimens show that the Alaskan Moose differs consider- ably from the animal inhabiting the eastern United States and eastern and central Canada. To the latter the specific names (iine.ricfuiHS,^ lobatus,X and iiMnva § have been applied. I can find no name, however, based on the Alaskan animal, which may l)e called : Alces gigas sp. nov. Ti/pi' adult cf (skin and skull), No. 861(3(), United States National Mu- seum, collected on the north side of Tustuniena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, in September, 1898, by Dall De Weese. Original number Ki. (jtnirml cJiamders. — A larger, more richly colored animal than the eastern moose. Skull with occipital portion narrower, palate broader, and mandible much heavier tiian in Alces americanus. * Published by permission of Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. f Alcea americanus .Tardine, Naturalists' Library, XXI (Mammalia — Deer, Antelopes, Camels, &v..), p. 125, is;>5. Eastern North America. XCervuJ luhatus Agassiz, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., IT, ]). 188, 184(!. Eastern North America. ^, Aires nwsiaa Richardson, Zoiil. \'()yagi' of M. M. S. ' Herald,' V^erti!- brals, !>. 102, 1852. Central Canada. l.-|-Hi(H,. Sue. Wash., Vui,. XIII, Isiili) (57) 58 311 Ihr — A Nov MooHc from Afasl-n. Color. — General color a grizzle of black and woodbrown darkening along spine and changing abruptly to clear black on chest, l)uttocks, and lower part of sides. Median line of belly hairbrown. Leg8 hair-])rown or broccoli-brown with darker shading. Head like back, but more finely grizzled. Ears yellowish white internally, broccoli-brown externally. Skull and teeth. — The skull of Aires gigds differs from that of A. aineri- canm in iis larger size and greater massiveness, as well as in certain de- tails of form. Chief among the latter is the great breadth of the palate, relatively to the length of the toothrow. In three males of .1. f/igns the ratio of least palatal breadth (between anterior premolars) to length of toothrow is respectively 47.1, 47.1, and 44.7. In three males of A. amrri- canus it is only 36, 36, and 39. In this respect .4/ce.s , 9 1'^a.s resembles Aires aires, though the Alaskan animal shows no approach to the conspicuous deepening of the antorbital portion of the skull, or the peculiar form of the jiremaxillary characteristic of the European s})ecies. The occiput is relatively higher and narrower than in .1. aiin'rlrdnns. In two males of the latter the ratio of depth between inion and lower lip of foramen mag- num to greatest width acro.ss paroccipital processes is 68.5 and 72.2, while in three of A. gigas it is SI. 8, S4.S, and 87.5. Mrasaremenis. — Of the following tables of measurements the first is based on data furnished by Mr. De Weese. The skull of Aires ameriraivis, meas- urements of which are given in the second, is that of a very large indi- vidual from Maine, considerably older than any of the specimens of A. gigas. Extrrnal Measurements of A Ires gig((s. r I Number and sex -| I L Tip of nose to l)ase of tail Tail vertebne Ear from crown . Height at shoulder Shnulder to hip Kejith of l)ody at shoulder. . . . C'iicumfei'ence of body at center Tip of nose to angle of mouth . . o (M CD CO 2550 76.2 255.7 1955 1574 812 2032 152.4 Of 00 1 — I CD 2562 88.9 297 1930 1651 851 2082 177.8 -hi CO 00 2946 101 304 2032 1701 914 2184 177. CD 00 2946 101 304 2032 1727 927 2235 179 CD CD CO CO 3048 lOL 304 2034 1752 965 228(i 177.8 A New Moose from Alaska. )0 Cranial Measurements of A Ices gigas a)ii5 570 55(1 275 355 230 218 H)8 loo 203 147 143 105 90 68 147 85 122 470 59 223 30 180 158 to t-H CO oc 635 570 550 280 380 240 234 190 190 205 168 218 105 142 110 93 69 143 92 165 135 146 1 530 ] 200 310 1 ro 62 230 31 180 152 ■CO 3 645 596 574 290 390 236 245 200 170 210 168 223 172 150 118 95 67 150 100 160 CO CD s CO 633 570 550 285 380 230 245 206 180 225 172 228 1()S 156 110 101 70 154 95 165 140 140 155 143 1600 1580 1140 1120 3(50 360 210 200 485 480 58 ()5 235 223 31 34 182 1S3 160 165 ()00 560 535 268 300 225 221 180 165 195 127 203 170 142 98 88 147 80 175 120 132 1330 760 380 172 460 59 225 27 170 160 Vol. XIII, pp. 61-70 September 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FERNS OF THE DISMAL SWAMP, VIRGINIA. BY WILLIAM PALMER. The ferns of the Dismal Swamp may be divided into tliree distinct groups according to tlieir place of growth: (1) arboreal species, (2) true swamp species, and (3) ground species. Tlie first group may be divided into two subdivisions : (a) those growing on fallen mossy trunks, about tlie bases of living gum trees, on dead cypress knees, bent gum roots, and on decaying stumps ; (b) those growing exclusively on trunks and branches of living trees. The first subdivision (o) comprises the following species : Dnjoj)teris ma7'ginaJis, D. spimdosa, D. gokUeann celsa, Polystichv/ni acrostlchoides, Aspleniam pldlyneuron, Stnithopteris regdlis, S. clnnamomen, Botrychhim obliquam. The second subdivision (h) contains but one species, Polypodiuvi poly- podioides, which grows exclusively on the trunks and larger brandies of living trees, usually high u^) in the tops, and prob- ably on all the species of deciduous trees. The true swamp ferns include but two species, ]Voodwardia virgiaica and TF. ureo- l(U(i, which grow on the peaty remains of former vegetable life, always in wet places and often, especially the former, in v^^ater. The ground ferns occur, not in the true peaty swamp, but in the surrounding low sandy area, which nevertheless constitutes a very large jjortion of the Dismal Swamp. These are Dryopteris nnvehi)rar,ea8ls,D. thelypterls, Asplenium filixfcemi iia, Pteris aquilina, Onocled sensihilis, Str'iithopleri^ regalis, S. clnnnmomed. But one fern ally (SelagiaeWi apus) has l)een found. A study of many forms of the life of this vast swamp reveals the interesting fact of the occurrence in abundance of many K;— Bior.. Sue. Wash., Vni.. XIH, ls!);i (dl) 02 Palni'^r — Fern^ of ilie. Dhnvil Swimp, Virr/iul't. southern and northern types. It is a meeting ground where many Austroriparian forms reach their nortliern liniit,while more northern forms either find their lowest or most southern Inibitat, or liave variously changed re[)resentatives. The causes of tliis complex; condition vary a(;cording to tlie re(iuirements of the different s})ecies and the circumstances of their introduction into the area. In a general way it may be stated that species requiring abundance of sunlight and living above the undergrowth are southern, while those intimately associated with the surface of the swamp are of more northern, or of higher-ground derivation. But there are many exceptions. The swamp undoubtedly has been slowly evolved from a salt-water lagoon to its jiresent con- dition; hence all its present life has been introduced from sur- rounding regions. Of the ferns Polypod'mm polypodia ides is distinctly Austroripa- rian, here reaching almost its northern limit.* Dryopteris goldie- ana celsa, though related to an Alleghenian form, is quite distinct and is undoubtedly its representative. The woodwardias are coastal-swamp species, and though found well into New England do not occur at an^^ great elevation. The two species of Strulhop- terls are most abundant at higher altitudes and owe their presence here to their swam [> habits and the ability of the plantlets to find a congenial home. They do not fruit abundantly and doubtless before man interfered with the forest were rare. Seven other species, Dryopteris margiaalls, D. nooeboraceasis, D. thelypteris, Poly- sllchum (icrosticholdes, Aspleamin fillxfceinliia, Pteris aquillaa, Oiio- clea senslhUis, are all higher-ground species. With the exception of D. margbialk they are abundant in the general region border- ing the swamp. Botrychiura obliqaum also belongs in the same category and may be common about the swamp. Two other species usually found on higher and (hyer ground, Dryopteris spiiiidosa and Asplenium pltitynearon, are not abundant in the swamp, and the former was noticed but once elsewhere. Both are somewhat changed from the typical form, though [perhaps hardl}'^ sufficiently to warrant se})aration. Thus the only species growing on living trees is truly Austro- riparian ; the next is D. goldieana celsa, which occupies a higher habitat in the swamp than any of the others except D. spinidosa, which occurs with it, though not so abundantly, and which *I have taken it near Cape Cliarles City, Northainjiton Co., Ya. Ferns of tlir Disninl Swamp, Virginia. ()3 ha?! also uuJergone some cliauge on account of its unusual environment. Tiie flooded condition of the true peaty swamp floor for several months of the year prevents the growth of ground ferns, except the water-loving woodwardias; therefore all the species of the swamj) proper which grow near the ground occur just above the high-water line and rarely more than three feet above it. A systematic examination of the whole swamp for ferns has not been possible, but enough has been learned to show that a number of species have adapted themselves to very unusual conditions, and tiiat some have undergone changes from the normal type. The main factor in determining the character of the pteridophytic life is the flooded condition of the swamp floor for several months annually, but this is less potent now than formerly. LIST OF SPECIES. 1. Botiychium obliqiium Muhl. Oblique Grape Fern. On .Tune 10, 1899, I found four plants, growing with other species on logs, at the side of Washington ditch. They were sterile fronds of the previous year's growth. The fronds are less ample and the divisions sliorter, more rounded and more widely placed than in any specimens from about Wash- ington. The dried roots are stronger, blackei", and more abundant. 2. Struthopteris * legalis (Linn.) Bernh. Royal Fern. O.tiniiiKlii ri'ijidh Linn., Sp. PI. p. lOtio, 175o. Ahundant, usually in large rlumps scattered throughout the swamp and always on dead stumps except in the sandy areas. In many cases hundreds of dead persistent stipes testify to the great age of the clumps. Just above high-water mark mosses have established a footliold in a broad ring around the old knees of the cypresses, the bends of gum roots, and logs. Various plants, especially ferns, take root in this moss and often reach a large size. The o»ldity and beauty of such growths are striking, especially on a well-preserved knee where the red- disli apex rises several inches above the surrounding moss. (See plate I, Fig. 7.) *The ferns usually placed in Osmunda evidently helong to Bernhardi's genus Struthopteris (not Strutliiopterh of authors). The essential features of Bernhardi's description are as follows: 2L Struthopteris mihi. aSV-»o- rrt)i(/<«suhglobosa, bivalvia. E.g. Osmunda regalis. L. — — Cinnamomea. L. — — Claytoniana. L. * * *. Obs. 2. Cane ne Struthopteridem meam cum Struthiopteride Hall, confundas. (Journ. fiir die Botanik, Band 2, 126, 1801.) 64 Palmer — Ferns of the Dismal Swanky, Virginia. AVlieii little sunlight reaches these plants fruiting spikes ax"e rarely seen, and usually but one on a plant. Alonj,^ the outlet canal, where the trees have been thinned and drainage is complete, the dryer and more sunny conditions have alfected the fruiting and many variations showing ]>ar- tial fertility were collected. 3. Stiuthopteiis cinnamomea (Linn.) Beriih. Cinnamon Fern. Osinnii(hi ciniiiiiiuinii'd Linn., Sp. PL, p. lOfili, Mo.]. Abundant, usually with the ])recedr!ig species, l)ut not so partial to the cypress knees and the shadier situations. Both species, but more espe- cially S. ciwiamomea, are evidently recent additions to the true swamp flora; faraway from the ditches and bogie roads they are rarely seen. This species is usually very tall and luxuriant, but does not fruit as ex- tensively as in more open and higber places. On June 9. 1S9".>, I found two plants near the head of Wasliington ditch xn an open place. They had all the pinnules much reduced in size and many of the lower basal ones were greatly elongated and often pinnatifid. The plants were ex- posed to generous sunlight for pai't of the day, but owing to their situation on a decaying log were necessarily limited in root moisture. 4. Onoclea sensibilis Linn. Sensitive Fern. By no means common in thesandj' area but found maiidy in the streams and ditches bordering the swamp. 5. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. On .June 3, 1896, several luindred yards from the eastern end of Lake Drummond, I found several dwarfed plants on a small well decayed log. The largest frond, a fertile one, measured H^ inches (285 mm.*) and 1 j in. (441 wide, with a stii)e 4J (124) long Tlie longest i)inna is -g (21.5) long and i (5.5) wide. The largest sterile frond was shorter and barely wider. The edges of the pinuje were regular but very finely spinulose. No others were found, but the species is common in the ravines near Suffolk, al)Out fourteen miles distant. 6. Dryopteris noveboiacensis (Linn.) A. Gray. New York Fern. Where the sandy areas of the swamp blend with the true peaty swamp, and especially in the old bogie roads in these dryer portions of the swamp, this species is abundant. 7. Dryopteris thelypteris (Linn.) A. Gray. Marsh Fern. Found at l^ut one place, above the head of Washington ditch. Its long spindling fronds were growing in the bushes on the bank, but the normal ])lant was not seen. *A11 measurements in parentheses are in millimeters. Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. (>5 8. Dryopteris goldieana celsa s^uljsp. nov. IjOg Feni. (PI. I, Figs. l-(5, 8-12.) Stiuctunilly similar io Dryopleris goldieana goldieana (PI. I, Figs. 13, 14), bat diflfering in its very erect habit, longer and narrower fronds with smaller and more widely separated pinnules and pinnje, and with the apex regulaily decreasing instead of crowded and suddenly shortened. Upper l)iisal pinnules of lower piun;e either aljseiit or very much and usually unequally reduced. Fronds lanceolate or lanceolate oblong. Stipes at base densely covered with large and richly alutaceous scales with brown centers and transparent, sharply defined margins; upper scales paler and almost uiiiculor. Type No. 340,398 National Herbarium, Dismal Swamp, Norfolk County, Virginia, June 8, 1899, William Palmer (collec- or's No. 247). Measurement of type, frond 22j inches (523); longest pinna, the 5th, 5| (136.5) ; stipe 12(305). Fertile pinme less than \\ (31.5) wide; sterile basal pair, greatest widtli IJ (44.5). Measurements of twenty paratypes : Fronds 10-24 inches (254-609), aver- age 19 (483). Stipes: 7-14J (l''8-368.5), average lOi (267). Largest frond 24 (609.5); stipe 10} (261); longest pinna, the 8th, U (124; the lowest l)inna 4 (101.5). Sterile fronds few, much smaller and less elongate. Three lower pairs of pinnae of fertile fronds sterile or nearly so. In habit, situation, and aspect this fern is quite unlike tyi)ical D. gol lie t.ii!t. Itsuggests D. floridaiia* but differs in outline ; its pinnules are not so widely separated, and the shape of the lower pinnte, especially the two lowest, are quite different, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9-12. Its relationship to goldieana is shown by the character of the scales at the base of the stipe (quite unlike tlie cristata group), by the reduced size of the basal pinnules on the lower pinna?, the lower one being absent, by the bioadest portion of the lower pinnte not occurring at the base, and by the peculiar stalked character of the rachides of the pinnae, es- pecially the basal jiair. Though occurring in a swamp it is prac^tically a plaiitofdry habitat, as compared with the broad herbaceous D. goldieana, which grows on dump ground. The difference is well shown by conq^ar- ing the tall and narrow 1). cridtda, characteristic of dryer ground, with the large, coarse D. cristata cliiUoniana, which grows in wetter places. This apparent paradox is rendered plain by the statement that ceba does not grow on the ground of the swamp l)ut in moss on stumps and logs where the supply of moisture is liuiited and where the plants are exposed to a fair, often abundant amount of light. B. goldieana grows in damj), rich and well shaded situations. Both these plants are densely covered about the bases of the stipes with large dark brown centered scales, almost black in goldieana., most of which are bordered by a narrow, transparent ribbon, the contrast between the two portions being sharply defined. In celsa the rachis is grooved in front even to the apex, but in goldieana * Dryopteris floridana bears the same relation to D. cristata, or rather to B. c. cliatoniana, that B. g. celsa does to B. goldieana. 66 Palmer — Ferm of tlic Dismal Swamp, Virgbiia. it is stouter, more fleshy and grooved for only a short distance al)ove the lower pinna, or faintly further. In D. crislala, Jiorkhina and in- cUnlon'uum the basal pinnules of all the pinnte are largest and longest; in ceUa and goldieana, some pinnfe, especially the apical ones, are similar, but the lower pinnte, especially the lowermost, have the j)innules, even for several pairs, very much reduced. In good fertile fronds o.f w/srt and f/o/ri/Vroia the lower basal pinnule of the lowest pair of pinna; is always absent but sometimes present or appar- ently present in some undersized fronds. This is often the case in gol- dieana, but only occurs rarely in ccl.s(t. The basal pinnules of the upper pinn;e of both these ferns are always Ofiposite and very exactly so, but they begin to diverge at the centers of the pinna;. On the lower pinnje this p dring is rare and it is not easy to determine whether the opposite of the reduced upper basal pinnule has never been developed or whether it is represented by the one occupying the adjoining position. This latter view would seem to be correct, the lower pinnules having l)een gradually moved along the rachis toward the tip during the evolution of the form. In very young fronds ( Figs. 5, 8) there is a wide space of the lower pinna beneath, the jtinnule seems forced away from the rachis and the base of the midvein inclines toward the rachis of the pinna for some distance. The same result is shown in numerous young fronds of both forms. Fig. 1-t represents the common type of goldieana, while Figs, (i and 9-12 are from specimens of celsa. Bryopteris goldieana is extremely herbaceous and robust, its pinnules and pinn;« being large and often overlapping. In ceha they are always widely separated ; both are much narrower, and there is no sudden change from the long, wide pinnte to the shorter, narrower one of a crowded apex as in goldiraiin. Tlie reduction or absence of the lower pinnules results in producing a stalk for the pinn;e, short in goldieana, longer in ceha. The pinna' of reha incline upwards very decidedly, whereas in goldieana they stand at a right angle to the rachis or are only slightly inclined up- wards. These diflerences between the very erect narrow celm and tlie broad, ferns grew in a line along the middle of the top, eitlier with several plants of D. apimdosn, a few flowering plants, or more generally alone. In every instance the rhizome was imbedded in the moss and the plants were but loosely attached to the wood; a pull on a frond was generally sufficient to bring up the whole plant. 9. Dryopteris marginalis (Linn.) A. Gray. Marginal Fern. . A most unexpected surpri.se was the discovery on .Tune 10, 1899, of a single dwarfed plant of this rock-haunting fern. Four miles westward from Lake Drummond up Washington ditch, is a recently made plank road which runs a mile or more into the swamp. Some distance along this road a large tree had fallen years before, and on its broken and decaying stump I found the plant with five fronds, three of which were fertile. The largest measures 8g inches (219.5), and the stipe og (142..3). The sori are not abundant and are confined to the apex. There are 279 on the best fruiting frond. 10. Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz) Kuntze. S|)inulose Fern. A few large plants were growing on logs with D. g. celsa and several iui- mature plants were found near the head of Washington ditch on logs and stumps. They differ from specimens taken about Washington, D. C. , in having all the divisions narrower and more widely separated and tlie apex lengthened. The color is a darker green. The pinnules are more in- clined toward the rachis, and the pinnre trend upward to a greater extent. Some specimens, b(jth large and small, show a more triangular outline, with longer lower pinnje, and this is evidently the tendency in i)lants growing in deep shade. In .Tune, 1890, the moutli of a well near Suflblk had many |)lants growing between the bricks. All were herbaceous an age duration of direct sunlight received l)y tiie frond ; so that the plants on the east side of the ditch face toward the southwest, while those on the west side approximate the southeast, often to the east, according to the amount of foliage about them. The largest fr.pnd collected measures 2 feet lU.l inches (970), its jet black stipe is 2 feet 9\ inches long (955) and greatly enlarged at the base. At the outlet canal at the east end of Lake Drummond, where the depth of the canal has drained the adjoining swamp, it is abundant but harsh and less herbaceous, and was found fruiting abundantly in early June. Plantlets were common. 12. Woodwardia areolata (Linn.) Moore. Narrow Chain-fern. Al>undant and growing with its relative except in dryer situations. It is connnon in low places in the swamp, among the cane and other vege- tation and about the bases of the trees. Its delicate fronds grow best where well protected from the sun either by taller vegetation or in wet, densely crowded or well-shaded situations. Prothallium fronds and young plants are numerous on small decaying logs which are well shaded and constantly wet. 13. Asplenium platyneuron (Linn.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort. Near the western end of Washington ditch a dozen or so plants of vari- ous sizes were found growing on well-shaded stumps near the water and mixed with numerous other plants. The fronds are all much broader and longer than specimens of similar age from higher and dryer altitudes, and are more deeply and irregularly incised. The pinnte are wider apart, broader, more blunt, and the basal portion overlaps the rachis. The largest frond measures 18| inches long (476), the longest pinna is If inches (41.5), and the stipe is ofg inches (88). 14. Asplenium filixfoemina (Linn.) Bernh. Lady-fern. Common throughout the sandy woods but not seen in the peaty swamp. A green-stemmed foi-m was the only one found. 15. Pteris aquilina Linn. Bracken. Seen but sparingly near the upper end of Jericho ditch, where the dredging has formed an embankment. 16. Polypodium polypodioides (Linn.) Hitchcock. Gray Polypody. s Extremely abundant but usually high up in the tree tops. It persist for several years on the fallen trees but linally succumbs. It is abundant on the cypresses standing in Lake Drummond, where its usually dry curled fronds may be reached from a boat. In the woods it is rarely found where it can be easily reached. In the streets of Suffolk it is abundant in wide bands on the trunks of the shade trees, usually grow- ing in dense masses, mostly on the northern sides and about ten feet from the pavement. 17— Bini,. S.K'. WASir., Vol.. XIII, ^xm 70 Palmer — Ferns of f lie Dismal Swamp, Virginia. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Figs. 1, 2, 3. Dryopteris goldieana celsa. First prothallinm fronds, enlari);ed about twice. Fig. 4. Second frond of same, natural size. Fig. 5. Tliird frond of same, slightly enlarged. Fig. 8. Fourth frond of same, reduced one-third. Figs. 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. Lower basal pinnules of same, reduced ono-thiid. Fi(i. \'^. Dri/opter is ffoldieana goldieana. Lower basal pinnules, fi-om jioorly shaded frond, reduced one-third. Fig. 14. The same, from an ordinary frond. Fig. 7. Plants growing in moss on a dead cypress knee above higli- water mark. Figs. 1-5 were drawn from the fronds; Fitrs. (> and 8-14 from tracings of photographs, the fronds being used as negatives. PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., XIII, 1899 PL. I FIGS. 1-6, 8-12. DRYOPTERIS GOLDIEANA CELSA FIGS. 13, 14. DRYOPTERIS GOLDIEANA GOLDIEANA Vol. XIII, pp. 71-73 September 28, L899 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTP]S OX TATOUA ANT) OTHER GENERA OF EDENTATES. BY T. S. PALMER. Some months ago Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., published a i)aper entitled ' Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos,'* in which lie showed that three generic names had been proposed for the group: AV/mr((.sby Wagierin 1830, Tatoua by Gray in 1865, and Lysi.uras by Ameghino in 1891. These names were all based on Ddsypus unicinclus Fiinnaius, and Xeniirios being preoccupied in ornithology, Taioua Avas adopted as the proper designation of the genus. Since the appearance of this j)a})er I have made a list of the genera of Edentates which has brought to light two additional names based on Dasijpus luucinctas, both earlier than Taioua Gray. These names are Arizostics, proposed by Gloger f in 1841, and Cabassous, published by McMurtrie'l in 1831, only one year after Wagler's Xenurus. C'a/;a.s-S'Ou.s (wiiich is credited to Cuvier) is merely a Latinized form of a French term used by Cuvier and Buffon,^ and taken from a native name. McMurtrie frequently ado[)ted such names in his translation of Cuvier's' Regne Animal ' and not only transformed them into Latin, but accompanied them by generic diagnoses and brief descriptions of the species. His reasons for adopting this course are explained as follows : " The absurdity of translating into English the technical portion, or the nomenclature, was too apparent to demand a moment's * See antea, pp. 1-2. fHand-u. Hilfsbuch d. Natiirgeschichte, p. 114, 1841. J Cuvier's xlnimal Kingdom, Am. ed., I, p. 164, 1831. 1,S— Bioi,. Soc. Wask., Vol. XIII, 18!m (71) 72 f'lihncr — iVo/cx on tjir Gnura of Edcntafrs. consideration — the genius of our language forbids it. To have left these terms in French would have been inexpedient for self- evident reasons ; and the idea of giving a class in Latin, an order in French, &c., presented too revolting a medley. By giving tliem all in Latin, the common language of science, tliese objec- tions vanished." (p. iv.) Cabassous, instead of Tatoud, is therefoi-e the earliest tenable name for the naked-tailed armadillos, and the species given l)y Trouessart, including the one added b}^ Miller, will stand : Cabas- sous unicindus (Linn.), C. lorlcatus (Natt.), C. hispidus (Burm.), C. (Ziphila) lugubris (Gray), and C. (Zlphila) centralis (Miller). Other French names used by Cuvier for armadillos, which McMurtrie endeavored to preserve by putting them in Latin form, are : Apara^hased on Dasypusiricinctus ; Cachicnmus, includ- ing B. novemcinctus and D. septemci actus ; and Encoubertus, includ- ing D. sexcinctus and D. octodeciincinctus. These names, however, are untenable, as they were only common names prior to 1831, and other generic terms had previously come into use for the groups to which they were applied. Thus Apara is antedated by Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811, Cachlcamns by Tatu Blumenbach, 1803, while Enconbertits is a synonym of Euphractus Wagler, 1830, and Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758. Thomas* has already called attention to the fact that Cyclopes Gray, 1821, is the earliest tenable name for the two-toed anteater {Mynnecophaga didactyla Linn.), usually referred to Cyclothuriis. But as he merely mentioned it in a discussion of the names in Gloger's ' Handbuch,' it has been apparently overlooked, and it may therefore be worth while to refer to it in this connection, as Cyclothurm still remains in use. As a matter of fact, Cyclothurus, although usually quoted as dating from 1825,t is merely a nomen nudum in this reference, and was first published as a valid genus in 1842, in Lesson's ' Nouveau Tableau Regne Animal,, p. 152. There are at least three other genera based on Myrmecophaga didactyla: Eurypterna Gloger, 184:1, My rmy don X Wagler, 1830, and Didactyles% F. Cuvier, 1829, which are actually earlier than Cyclothurus, so that the latter name is clearly untenable and should give way to Cyclopes. * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XV, p. 191, Feb., 1895. tThomson's Annals of Philos., XXVI, p. 343, Nov., 1825. JNat. Syst. d. Amphibien, p. 30, 1830. I Diet. Sci. Nat, LIX, p. 501, 1829. N't/rs nil llie Croiera uf K. 343). It wa^, however, merely published in a list of genera as ' Taniaiidua, Gray, M. R.,' and the only pretense to a descri23tion consists of the letters ' M. R.,' referring to Gra3''s paper in the London Medical Repositor^^ -^^ Tliis i)aper contains the following list of edentates : " Tamanoir, Myrinecophaga. Lin. M. jubata. Lin. Tamandua, Myrniecophaga tamandua. Cuv. Ant-eater, Cyclo|)es, G. Myrniecophaga didactyla. Lin. Pargolen [sic], Manis. Manis pentadactjda. Lin." Here Tamandua is merel}' a common name and stands on an entirely different footing from Cyclopes. A careful examination of this paper will show (1) that the names in the first column of this list are intended as common names, those in the second as genera, and these are followed by the type or included species ; (2) that when the common name is ado[)ted for the genus, it is usually repeated; and (3) that genera are usually (but not always) followed by the authority, e. g., Myrmecophnga Lin. and Cyclopes G. Thus Tamanoir, Tamandua, Ant-eater, and Pangolin are common names, while Myrniecophaga, Cyclopes, and Manis are genera. The first unquestionable use of Tamandua as a genus is in IjCssou's ' Nouveau Tableau,' y>. 152, 1842, where it is based on Myrmecophaga tetradactyhi Linn. But as in the case of Cyclolhnrus it is antedated, since Dryoryx Gloger, 1841, and rroleptesj \A^agler, 1830, were also based on M. tdradactyla (uf which M. tamandua is a synon3'mj. Uroleples has priority over Dryoryx, and is apparently the earliest tenable name for the genus. * Vol. XV, p. 305, Apr. 1, 1821. t Nat. System d. Amphibien, p. :!('>, 1830. Vol. XIII, pp. 75-78 September 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW TREEFROG FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.* BY (iERRIT S. MILLER, Jk. Ill June, 189o, Mr. W. P. Hay added to the known fauna of tlie District of Columbia f a treefrog which he found in con.sid- erable numbers in a marsh at Mount Vernon, Virginia. He {)re- sented eighteen specimens of tlie animal, identified as Hyla cinerea (Daudin) (=H. ' carolinens is'' ), to the United States National .Museum. Two years later Mr. Hay collected si)ecimens at Little Hunting Creek, Va. Four of these are now in the National Mu- seum. This frog was first brought to my notice early in June, LSV)8, when, in company witli Mr. A. H. Howell, I heard its notes, stiMkingly diff'erent from those of the otlier l)atrachians of the region, at Four Mile Run, Va. A week later seven were captured li^re l)y Mr. Howell and Mr. E. A. Preble. Since then we have taken, in the marshes at Four Mile Run and Dyke, a locality l)etween Alexandria and Mount Vernon, Virginia, about thirty individuals, some of whicli I have had in captivity for over a year. Com{)arison of these with living exami)les of Hyla cinerea from Bay St. Louis, Miss., shows that the northern and southern forms are readily distinguisliable from each otiier by characters of both form and color. Most conspicuous among these is the normal absence in the northern animal of the stripes on sides * Published by permission of the Secretary of tho Smithsonian Institu- tion. t The ' fauna of the District of Columbia ' is generally understood to in- clude that of the region within a radius of twenty miles from the Capitol. I'.i— Biol. Sdc. Wash., Vol.. XIIF, l.S'.il) (T'l) 7() Miller— A Sew Tr(jJa tililala is verj- great, ami as in otlier treefrojrs chiefly dependent on the charaeter of the h'nrfiice on which the animal is resting. When searching for food among the leaves and stems of pickerel weed and pond- lilies, ify^a fri//((to assumes a yellowish grass-green tint, closely harmonizing with the color of the plants. In captivity the color is usually darker and duller, this tendency culminating in rich myrtle- green and (lark olivaceous l)ro\vn in individuals that have rested on hrown })ark or have remained long hidden in a dark corner. The color during hibernation under moss and sod is much paler than that assumed by the same individuals when hiding in similar places during the summer. However great the changes in color may be, at no time is there developed any trace of stripes. If rudiments of these are present they are always visible. Similarly in Hyla cinerca, which undergoes an exactly parallel series of color changes, the stripes are never affected in distinctness, though they are most conspicuous when the general color of the animal offers the greatest contrast. The stripes of Hyla clnerea vary in living in- dividuals from silvery white to metallic reddish gold. The body stripes are almost invariably bordered by a narrow black line. When the animal is in repose the body stri])es are about 1.5 nun. in width, but when it is ut- tering its note the body becomes greatly swollen and the stripes broaden to three times their normal width, and at the same time assume their brightest colors. The leg stripes are narrower and le.ss sharply defined than the body stripes, and their dark margins are less constant in devel- opment. As to the constancy of the color differences between the two forms : I have handled al)out two dozen living and freshly killed specimens of Hyla evitlata, and have probably seen nearly as many more at a distance of only a few feet. Among these one had a faintly developed stripe at the angle of the jaw. Of the tweuty-two alcoholic specimens collecte^l by i\Ir. Hay and now in the National Museum, eight have traces of the body stripe, which, however, in no instance is margined with black, or as sharply defined as in those southern specimens in which the stripe is shortened and narrowed. Of si.Ktj'-one specimens of Hyla chitrea (seven received alive from H. H. & C. 8. Brimley,* the others preserved in alco- hol in the U. S. National Museum t) there is considerable variation in the leg stripes, but with only two exceptions the bod}' stripe, though varying in length and breadth, is conspicuously developed, definite in outline, and usually margined wnth black. In the two abnormal indi- viduals (one from Bay St. Louis, Miss., the other from New Orleans, La.) the leg stripes are absent, and the body stripes reduced to mere traces near the angle of the jaw. When forwarding the unstri|)ed si)ecimen from Mississippi, the Messrs. Brimley wrote that it was the only one of the kind observed among the large number that have passed through * Taken at Bay St. Louis, Miss. t From the following localities : Texas, New Braunfels ; Louisiana, New Orleans; Florida, Clear Water, Georgiana, Indian River, Lemon City, Marco Island, Pensacola ; North Carolina, Beaufort, 78 3IiU('i' — .1 Ncii^ Trrti'ro;/ from l/ir DistricI of Cohnjiliia. their liaiuls. Such individuals as these are readily distinguislial)le from the faintly striped specimens uf Hijht erllhda b\' the form of the muzzle. ILdiilx. — Very little is known about the haljits of Hi/hi erillata. In June and July the animals are to be found in the rank vejietation of the tide marshes. Here they remain quiet during the day, but as evening aj)- proaches they become active and noisy. Their food at this time consists chiefly of a small beetle that is found on the leaves of the pond-lilies. The note is like that of Hi/lu ptckcriiigli in form, hut in quality it is com- paratively harsh and reedy, with a suggestion of distant Guinea-fowl chatter, and scarcely a trace of the peculiar freshness so characteristic of tiie song of the smaller species. The song period continues through June and July. Later in the season the frogs leave the low marsh vegetation. As they are then perfectly silent they are difficult to tind, though occa- sionally one maybe seen in a bush or small tree, but never far from water. VOL. XIII, PP. 79-90 September 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OK THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE DOGBANES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA * BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Two dogbanes, Apocymim cannab'mum and A.androsssmifoliKm, were recorded in the first detailed list of plants of the District of Columbia, published nearly seventy years ago.f In 1876 the same plants were included in the ' Flora Columbiana ' of the Po- tomac-Side Naturalists' Club, Avithout special comment.^ Five years later Ward relegated the second species to the list of plants whose occurrence in the vicinity of Washington is doubtful. § At the same time 1 1 he recognized two forms oi Apocynum cannabinum^ the tj^pical A. cannnblnum canndbinum, of general distribution, and A. cannabinnmglabcrrimvm, found only on the fiats of the Po- tomac River bottom at Little Falls. In 18S6 Knowlton discovered a species which he recorded as Apocynum (mdrosfeinifoUuin,^^ and in 1892 ^^i' and 1896 ft Holm published further records of a plant that he supposed to be the same. In 1897 Greene raised the Apon/iiwn caiimibiu am glnherrimnvi of Ward to specific rank under the name A. album, and at the same time described Holm's A. * Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. t Flor;« Ooluml)ian8e Prodromus, p. 24, 1830. t Flora Cohiiiibiana, p. 16, 1870. I Guide to the Flora of Washington and Viciuitv (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 22), p. 12, 1881. II Ibid., p. 97. T[ Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington, III, p. 108. *^Mbid., VII, p. 118. ttlbid., X, p. 36. 20—15101,.- Siir. Wash., Vol. XTII, 1800 (VO) 80 Miller— Thr Doghancs nffhr DIsfrirf ,>f (hlmnhia. andivsitinifuUaiii as a new species, A. vicdlinn/'' 'I'hus Apocijiiitni nndrosieinifoUum was again eliminated from the District flora, unless Knowlton's plant should prove to liave 1)een correctly identified. His specimens, however, cannot nt)w be found. Up to the present time, therefore, three species have hecn positively recorded from the vicinity of the District of ('oluml)ia:t Afo- eynnm cannahinnin lAnmcus, A. album. Greene, and A. medium Greene. But this number must be more tlian doubled, as I find from an examination of about two thousand i)lants that Apncy- nnni androsmmfolium is actuall_y a member of the flora, while in addition there occur three hitherto undescribed species. NOMENCLATURK. Eight names have been based on dogbanes from eastern North Amer- ica. They are as follows : Album. Ajxicymon album Greene, Pittonia, III, p. 2o0, December, 1897, is based on the narrow leaved, white-flowered plant of the camui- hiniiin type common on the shores of the Potomac River near Washington, and tbroughont its range confined to similar sitnatioiis. Dr. Greene in- forms me tliat the type was collected near Cliain I>ridge, Montgomery County, Maryland. Androsaemifoliuin. [Apocyninn] (indroi^iviiufuHiiiii Linna'us, Species Plantarnm, p. 213, 1753, is the spreading, large-flowered dogbane of tlie Boreal and Transition zones. Eastern Canada is probably the type lo- cality of the species. Cannabinum. \_Apociinum'] cannaliinum Linnajns, Species Plantarnm, p. 2lo, 1753, is an erect, green-flowered plant of eastern North America. The original descrijition leaves no donbt that the name was nsed by Liimanis in essentially the same sense that it is nnderstood today. Glaberiimum. \_Apocipiinn cannabinum} n gliiJn'rrimum De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Regn. Veg., pt. VIII, p. 4:]'.), 1844. The description of tliis plant (under Apocjinuin cuun.abinuui) is as follows: " a (jlabcrri- mum. A. Canadense maximum flore minimo herbaceo. Pink. 35, t. 13 f. 1. (ic. mediocr.) A. ereclum, etc., ejiisd. t. 2(50. f 4. A. cannabinum R. Br. wern. trans. I. p. BS. Torr. ! fl. im. st. p. 276. A. cannabinum n Hook. 1. c. t. 139 opt. A. piscatorium Dougl.! mss. ex nostr. specim. hie refer- endum ; eamdem vero plantaui ad A. hypericifolinm retulit cl. Hook. 1. c. (v. s.)" This name has recently been used by Brittou and Brown for the plant described as A. album by Greene. The reason for this course is not clear, as none of the descriptions cited by De Camlolle refer to the plant in question. Plukeuet's figures, for a tracing of which I am * Pittonia, III, pp. 229-230, December, 1897. t That is, within a radius of twenty miles from tiie Ca])itol The Dogbanes uf the Dldfld of Culani/na. 81 indebted to Mr. Chas. Ballard, of Cambridge, IMhhs. , both represent l)road-leaved plants of the caunuhituun. type. R. Brown's description * refers merely to a lanceolate-leaved, glabrous plant. It contains no refer- ence to any of the peculiar characters of Apocynum alhum. The same is true of the accounts given by Torrey and Hooker. It seems oljvious, therefore, that unless better evidence can be brought forward than that furnished by the original description, the name glaberiiinnm is too vaguely defined to supplant the well-established name album. At most it can perhaps be used for one of the numerous forms of ApocipuDii cainiabhmm. Hypeiicifolium. Apocynum Jiypericifolmm Alton, Hortus Kewensis, I' p. o04, 1798, is a clasi^ing-leaved green-flowei'ed plant that has not yet been detected in the neighborhood of the District of Columbia. Although recorded from Virginia f the species is now known from the region west of tlie Alleghenies only. Incanum. [Apocynum (ludrosniuifolinm \ [i. Incainun De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Kegn. Veg., pt. VII I, p. 439, 1844, is merely an unusually l)ubescent individual of Apocynum androsicmifollum. Such plants not in- frequently occur, but they do not represent a definite form. Medium. Apocynum medhun Greene, Pittonia, III, p. 229, December, 1897, is a small-flowered member of the androssemifolium group. It was first recorded by Holm as Apocynum nndrosxmifolium. Pubescens. Alpocynum] pubescens R. Brown, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Sue, I, (1808-10), p. 68, 1811,+ from Virginia, is a pubescent form of A. cunnablnum, probably worthy of recognition byname. Aplantagree- ing closely with the original description is not uncommon in the District of Columl)ia; and the U. S. National Herbarium contains a specimen collected in Virginia. This is a whitish-flowered species probably dis- tinct from the A. pubescens of Britton and Brown.? *"J. cannabinum, foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis, glabris, cymis pauiculatis, calyce tubum coroUye aequante." This copy I owe to Mr. Chas. BuUard. t De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Regn. Veg., pt. VIII, p. 440, 1844. t Professor N. L. Britton has kindly sent me a copy of the original de- scription of Apocynum pubescens. It is as follows: "A. pubescens, foliis ovato-oblongis mucronatis ; basi obtusis ; utrinque cymaque breviore })ubescentibus, calyce corollam subjequante. " Ilab. In Virginia, Mitchell, in Herl). Banks, [ubi V. S.]." I 111. Flora N. United States, Canada, and Brit. Poss., Ill, p. o. 1898. 82 Miller — The Doghaues of the District of Columbia. Synopsis of the Dogbanes of the District of Columbia. Corolla conspicuous (white or pink), its lobes spreadinjj; or recurved. Inflorescence both terminal and axillary ; corolla terete, broadlj' campanulate, bright pink, about 8 mm. in length, its tube narrowed in the throat at level of tips of calyx lobes A. andros-e.mifolium (p. 82). Inflorescence strictly terminal; corolla pentagonal, urce- olate to campanulate or tubular, white or pale pink, 4-7 mm. in length, its tul)e not narrowed in the throat. Branches mostly green, ascending ; erect white flow- ers (about 7 mm. long) in large, compact, rather flat cjMnes ; corolla campanulate A. speciosum (p. 8.'!). Branches mostly strongly tingeil with reddish pur- ple, those at least of the u|)per part of the plant widely spreading; suberect white or pale pink flowers (4-() mm. long) in small, loose, irregular cymes; corolla tubular to urceolate. Calyx lobes broad, mucli shorter than tube of l)inkish, suburceolate or tubular corolla; flowers about 6 mm. in length A. medium (j). 84). Calyx lobes narrow, about as long as tube of white, urceolate corolla ; flowers about 5 mm. in length A. uucholificr (p. 85). Corolla inconspicuous (greenish or whitish), its lobes erect or nearly sd. Leaves few, spreading or drooping on slender jjetioles which are usually three times the lengtli of the flowers A. nemokai,e (p. 87j. Leaves many, ascending on roi)ust petioles which are usually scarcely longer than flowers. Leaves glal)rous, from one fifth to one-fourth as broad as long; flowers essentially white; plant very slender and much branched A. amsum (p. 88)- Leaves pubescent on underside at least, from one- third to one-half as broad as long ; flowers varying from dull green to white; plant stout and rela- tively less branched A. cannabinum (page 86). Apocynum androsaemifolium Linnaeus. (IM. II, Fig. 1.) 175;i [.Ipofi/iniiii] (ni/IroHiciiiifoliihrn Linmeis. Species Plantarum, p. 213. J844. lA)>i)ciinntnf()ulr(j.vriiiif<>liiuii] p. inammii De Candolle, Prodr. Svst. Nat. Veg., pt. VIIl, p. 439. 1898. Apncyimui umh-o.^win'tfoUam Britton and Brown, Illustrated Flora Northern United States, Canada, and Brit. Poss , III, p. 3. The Dogbanes of the JJistricf of Coliimbia. 83 7)ipt' locdllti/. — Probably eastern Canada. (h'ogrdphic dhlribntioit. — E:\tstern Xortli Ameriai from Newfouiullnnd (specimen in U. S. Nat. Herb.) to Georgia (Britton and Brown), west to the plains. Zonal position. — Apoct/num andr osiein if olium appears to be an inhabitant of the Transition zone and Lower Boreal zone, occasionally reaching the Upper Anstral /one, bnt probably by accident. Ilahititt. — Thickets and fields. CJiaradi'i:^. — I'hdit robust, 1 to 1.5 m. high, from a perennial horizontal rootstock ; branches dichotomously widely spreading, glabrous, strongly tinged with purple; leaves spreading, mucronate tipped (about 55x40 mm.), the uppermost ovate oblong, the lower broadly rounded at base, the ujiper slightly narrowed ; upperside of leaves glabrous, dusky green, underside of leaves pale, and finely bnt inconspicuously pubescent ; petioles slender, mostly about 5 mm. in length, finely pu])escenton under- side; iiifloresce)ice in small, irregular, terminal and axillary cymes of few nodding flowers, the axillary clusters generally the smaller ; cymes usually shorter than leaves ; pedicels5-\0 mm. in length, subulate-bracted at base ; cali/x glabrous, its segments narrow, generally less than half as long as corolla tube ; corolla bright pink, in fully developed flowers about S mm. long, widely campanulate, its tube terete, the throat narrowed at level of tip of calyx lobes ; corolla segments rounded at tip, consideraldy more than half as long as tube, and when fully developed conspicuously re- curved ; pods drooping, about 170 mm. in length. Remarks. — Apocynum androspemifolinin is inunediately recognizable among the species occurring in eastern North America by its ovate leaves, and'large, bright pink, nodding llowers in partly axillary clusters, and by the terete corolla tube, distinctly narrowed in the throat. The out- line of the corolla varies much in different stages of growth. Some of the forms that it assumes in its develoiiment from the bud to the fully grown flower are shown in the figures (see PI. II. Fig. 1). Througliout its growth, however, the corolla tube is strictly terete, while in all of the plants with which the species might be confused the pentagonal con- tour of the corolla is evident even in the half-grown buds. The ciiarac- teristic form of the corolla is for the most part lost in dried specimens. On account of the dichotomons branching of the stem, there can be no distinct central flower cluster as in A. cannnbi)ium. Tiie only specimens of this species positively known to have l)een col- lected in the vicinity of the District of Columbia are two plants which I found at the roadside between Sligo Branch and Paint Branch, Mont- gomery County, Maryland, on June 25, 1899. Apocynum speciosum sp. nov. (PI. 11, Fig. 2.) Ti/pe No. 340,oit5, United States National Herbarium, collected in dry old field, at side of road leading from Silver Spring to Sligo Branch, Mont- gomery County, Maryland, June 25, 1899, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 84 Jlil/rr—Tltr Do(/haiics of flic District c>f roI,niiI)la. Geograpluc distribulion. — ApocijitiDit sjjeciusinn is at present known from two localities, Sligo and Glen Echo, IxAh in Montgomery County, Mary- land. Zorml pddlion. — From its manner ot" occurrence this species appears to l)e a member of the Upper Austral llora. Habitat. — Fields and roadsides. Ctiaracters. — Plant robust, .75 to 1.2.") m. iiigli, from a perennial hori- zontal rootstock, tirancties ascending, glabrous, green ; leaves ascending) oblong, inconspicuously nuicronate tipped, the lower (mostly about 70-80 X 35-45) slightly rounded at base, the uppermost tapering at each end; ui)perside of leaves dark green, glabrous, underside slightly paler and essentially glabrous except along the veins where a line pubescence may be detected; petioles 4-8 mm. in length, slender above, shorter and more robust below, finely pubescent on underside ; inflorescence in large compact, flat-topped strictly terminal cymes of very many erect flowers, the cymes at first exceeded in length by the leaves, but afterwards slightly longer; pedicels about 4 mm. in length subulate-bracted at base; cah/.r very slightly pubescent (this character probabh' variable), its segments narrow, half as long as corolla tube ; corolla white or very faintly tinged with pink inside, about 6-7 mm. in length, canipanulate, its tube dis- tinctly pentagonal, the throat not nariowed; corolla segments i)ointed, slightly more than half as long as tube, spreading but not recurved ; pods drooping, about 70 to 120 mm. in length. Jieniarks. — In this plant the habit is almost precisely similar to that of A.cannabirixin. The branches are erect, very indistinctly, if at all, diclio- tomous, the leaves ascending, the tlovvers upright, and the inflorescence is in distinctly flat-topped cymes, the central of which, at the end of the main stem, is usually but not always the largest, and earliest to flower. As the lateral branches I'ise toward or above the level of the central head they in turn produce flat, tenninal clusters, thus i)rolonging the flowering season from before the middle of June nearly to the middle of August. Accompanying the luxuriant inflorescence of this plant is an unusuallj' profuse develo2)ment of fruit, which often hangs in den.se clusters from the lower part of a cyme which above is still a mass of flowers. Apocynum medium Greene. (PI. 11, Fig. :;.) 1892. Apocjpmin androsivinijoliam Holm, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vil, p. 118 (not of Linnanis 175o). 1897. Apocynum medium Greene, Pittonia, III, p. 229, December, 1897. Type locality. — Vacant lots bordering 12th St., in Brookland, D. C. Zonal position. — Apocynum medium will probably be found to occur throughout the upper Austral zone of the eastern United States. It is to be looked for also in the lower part of the Transition zone. Habitat. — Dry, open ground. CItaracter.'f. — Plant slender, seldom more than 1 m. high, from a peren- nial horizontal rootstock; brancli.es dichotomously widely spreading, gla- The Doghaiirx of I he Disfricf of (Johiinhui. S.') brons, reddish purple ; Imres spreading, oIjIohu;, niucronate-tipped, the lowermost (about 85 x 40) somewliat rounded at base, the uppermost tapering at eacli end ; npperside of leaves dark, clear green, glabrous ; un- derside yellowish green, finely pubescent; petioles abouto mm. in length, slender above, more robust below, finely pubeseent; oiforesicnire in small rather compact, strictly terminal but not flat topped, cymes of numerous sul)erect flowers, the cymes usually exceeded by the leaves ; ju'dicch l'-,'! mm. in length, subulate bracted at base ; cahjr finely pubescent (this char- acter probably inconstant), its segments broad, distinctly less than half as long as corolla tube ; corolla light pink, or white strongly blotched with ])ink inside, about 5-6 mm. in length, suburcoolate or tubular, its tube distinctly pentagonal, the throat not narrowed, corolla segments rounded, half as long as tube, spreading but not recurved; pods drooping, about no mm. in length. Remarks. — Apocynnm medivm has essentially the habit of A. andros:vmr foUnm though its peculiarities are slightly less pronounced. Together with .1. nrcf'olifer it is readily distinguished from A. androsxmifoUnm by its differently shaped leaves, much smaller suberect flowers in strictly terminal racemes, and by the distinctly pentagonal corolla tube. The form of the corolla tube varies in perfectly developed flowers from faintly suburceolate to essentially short tubular, though the first is the more usual. The calj^x segments are very short, conspicuously less than half as long as corolla tube. In drying, the corolla shrinks more than the calyx, so that in herbarium specimens the latter appears relatively longer than it actually is. I have examined one hundred or more living plants of this species growing in vacant lots on 12th St., Brookland, D. C, where Dr. Greene informs me his original specimens were collected. Apocynum urceolifer sp. nov. , (PI. ir, Fig. 4.) Tijpr No. 340,390, United States National tlerl)arinm, collected on open, dry hillside at Capitol View Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, July 2, bS9l), by Gerrit S. Miller, ,Jr. (jeograplur dislrihulion. — This species lias been collected at the type locality and at Brightwood, I). C. Zonal position. — Apocynum nrceoJifcr'Mi probably a member of the Upper Austral flora. Hahilal. — Fields and roadsides. Characters. — Plant slender, usually less than 1 m. high, from a perennial horizontal rootstock ; branches dichotomously widely spreading, glabrous, strongly tinged with reddish pur]:)le ; leares spreading, oblong, mucronate tipped, the lowermost (about 1)0 x 40) rounded or subcordate at base, the uppermost tapering at each end, but more abruptly at base; npperside of leaves, clear green, glabrous; underside yellowish green, finely pubes- cent; petioles 2-4 mm. in length, finely pubescent on lower side; inflores- cence \i\ small, rather compact, but not flat-topped, strictly terminal cymes of numerous suberect flowers, the cymes at first exceeded by the leaves, 86 Miller— The Doglxuies rjf the Distrlef of Cohrmhia. finally slightly longer; pedicels 3-5 mm. in length, subnlate-bracted at. ba.se ; calyx glabrous or pubescent, its segments very narrow, generally as long as corolla tube ; corolla white or just perceptibly tinged with pink ; al)out 4-5 mm. in length, urceolate, its tube conspicuously pentagonal, the tliroat not narrowed, corolla segments pointed, slightly more tlian half as long as tube, spreading l)ut not recurved; pods drooping, aliont itO mm. in length. A'f?ii((rA-,s.— Although at first sight Apoci/iutm urceolifev ratiier closely resembles .-1. medJinn, the two plants are readily distinguishable. In habit they are essentially the same, but A. nrceolifer is smaller and its stems are usually less strongly tinged with reddish purple, though in all probability neither character is constant. Its flowers are smaller than those of .-I. uied'mm, and generall}' pure white, though sometimes faintly tinged with pink. The coi'olla is more conspicuously pentagonal, and vei-y noticeably contracted at base of segments. The corolla segments are relatively longer and narrower than in A. medium, and distinctly pointed instead of rounded or obscurel}' pointed at tips. The calyx lobes are generally as long as the corolla tube, and frequently longer, sometimes a little spreading at tips, while in A. medium thej' are less than half as long as corolla tube and always closely appressed. I have seen this plant growing at the type locality only. It is there connnon on the southeast slope of the hill directly north of the quarry. Mr. \V. R. Maxon has collected it at the side of the Military Road, be- tween Brightwood, D. C, and Rock Creek. Apocynum cannabinum Linnanis. (PI. II, Figs. 6-7.) 1753. \_Apocymun'] cnn)iahimuii Linnteus, Sp. Plant., p. 213. 1811. A\_pociinum\ pubesccus R. Brown, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. , I, p. 68 (Virginia). 1844. '[Apoci/num (■antiubinuinl a glaherriiniDn De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Reg. Veg., pt. VIII, p. 434 (eastern North America). 1881. Aprx-i/tiiun c(tiinahi)ta)ii. Wiuxl, Guide to Flora of Washington and Vicinity (Bull. 22, U. S. Nat. Mus.), p. 97. 18!*8. Apocjpium canaahinnin Britton and I3rown, III. Flora N. United States, Canada, and Brit. Poss., Ill, j). 3. Tfipe locuHty. — Probal:)lj'^ eastern Canada. Geographic distribution. — Eastern United States and southeastern Can- ada. Western limits of range not known. Zonal position. — Transition and Austral zones. Htdtitat. — Fields, thickets, and open woods. Cliaracters. — Fluid robust, 1 to 1.75 m. high, from a perennial, horizon- tal, widely spreading rootstock ; branches ascending, glabrous to densely velvety pubescent, green to reddish purple; leaves ascending, mucronate tipped, usuall}' oblong and slightly more rounded at base than at tip, but often, especially the upi)erm()st, tapering equally at each end, and lowermost frequently slightly cordate ; dimensions when full grown about 120 X 55; upperside of leaves green, varying much in shade, generally glabrous but occasionally velvety pubescent ; underside paler and usually The Dogbanes of the Disfricf of Cohiinhia. .S7 tinged with yellow, often densely pubescent, and seldom if ever without trace of pubescence, at least on the veins ; })elioU's 3-7 mm. in length, slender above, shorter and robust below, pubescent or glabrous on under- side ; ivfloresceure in strictly terminal cymes, the larger of which are dis- tinctly Hat topped, the central cyme always developing first, and gener- ally the largest; cymes composed of veiy many erect flowers and gener- ally exceeded by the leaves ; pedicels 1-4 mm. in length, snbulate-bracted at base, glabrous or pubescent; raJyr glabrous or i^ubesivut, its segments very variable in form, but usually about equal to corolla tube in length, or slightly shorter, the tips appressed or widely spreading; corolla vary- ing in color from white to dull green, and in length from 3 mm. to 4.5 mm., generally glabrous, but often pubescent, pentagonal, tubular or slightly campanulate; corolla segments equal to or shorter than tube, rounded or bluntly pointed at tips, erect or very slightly spreading, the margins usually slightly revolute; pods drooping, 130-200 mm. in length. Remarks.— A poc]n turn cannabinmn is a highly polymorphic species, much in need of critical study. It is readily distinguished, among the species known to occur in the eastern United States, by its robust, upright habit, large, short-petioled leaves, and small, green, greenish, whitish, or white flowers, with erect corolla lobes. Within these limits, however, variation IS so great as to suggest the existence of numerous partly or perhaps com- pletely segregated forms. Of those that occur in the District of Colum- bia, the most strongly marked is the .4. piihescens of R. Brown. The whole plant (or the upper part at least) is densely velvety pubescent, and the upper leaves are umisually short, broad, and closely set. Flowers green- ish or white. This is probably not the A . puhescens of Britton and Brown. Glabrateand narrow-leaved forms occur, and others of unusually slender habit ; but I have seen none that bridge the gap between A. cannabinvm and either of the following species. Apocynum nemorale sp. nov. Type No. 340,397, United States National Herbarium, collected at road- side in woods near end of Chain Bridge, Fairfax County, Virginia, July 14, 1899, by Wm. Palmer. Geographic distribution. — This species is now known only from the type locality and the Virginia shore of the Potomac River at Great Falls. Zo)i(d> position. — Probably confined to the Upper Austral and Transition /ones. Habitat. — Open woods. Characters. — Like Apocyimm cannabinum Linn?eus, but with relatively few, spreading or drooping, leaves on slender petioles (usually 10-15 mm. in length) two or three times as long as flowers ; corolla glabrous, greenish. Remarks. — I should hesitate to separate this plant from Apocynum can- nabinmn were not its characters, trivial though they appear on i)aper, striking and constant in specimens, especially those living or freshly col- lected. Furthermore, while A. cannabinum occasionally occurs in open woods, together with A. nemorcde, it never, so far as known, shows any tendency to assume the characters of the latter. ■21 — HiiJi.. Sor. Wash., Vui.. XIII, Isii'.j 88 Miller — Tlic Dogbanes of the District of Columbia. Apocynum album Greene. ■ (PI. IT, Fig. 5.) 1881. Apocynum cunnahhnnn var. qluherrimvm Ward, Guide to Fldi'a of Washington and Vicinity (Bull. 22. U. S. Nat. Mns.), |i. 97 (not of De Candolle, 1844). 1897. Jpocynum album. Greene, Pittonia, III, p. 230. December, 1S97. 1898. Apoci/nnm cannahlnun) glahfrriminn Britton and Brown, 111. Floia, N.^ United States, Canada and Brit. Boss., Ill, p. :; (not of De Candolle, 1844). 7ype locality. —Shore of Potomac Eiver, neai- Chain Bridge, Montgomery County, Maryland. Gt'ogroj)Jiic (Ustribiitioii. — The range of Apocyimm album is not well un- derstood. Britton and Brown say, " range apparently nearly of the type, but more abundant northward." I have examined siiecimens from va- rious points in Maryland along the shores of the Potomac River from Old Town to Marshall Hall, also from mouth of Tuccjuan Creek, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; Stratford, Connecticut; and Ithaca, New York. Zo)ml position. — Probably confined totlie Upper Austral and Transition zones. Haliitai. — Beaches and river shores. Characters. — Like Apocynum cannabiviim Linnpeus, but of more sU-nder, branching habit, and with smaller, much narrower leaves and essentially white flowers. The lai'gest leaves are about 110 mm. in length by 20-;!0 mm. in breadth, those of the upper partof the plant much smaller (about 00 X 15). They are oblong-lanceolate in form, those of the upper part of the plant acute at each end, those of lower part of plant rounded at base. All are macronate tipped and wholly glabrous throughout. Petioles 2-3 nun. in length. Stems green, very slightly purple tinged, slender and nuich branched, the branching nx)re profuse than in .4. canuabimtjn, but of the same character. Inflorescence in terminal irregular cymes never as large as those commonly met with in A. cannabinum. Calyx lobes about as long as corolla tube or slightly shorter. Corolla about 4 mm. in length, white, often faintly tinged with green, pentagonal, short tubular or faintly canii)anulate, the upright lobes slightly more than half as long as tube, rounded at tips. Pods about 125 mm. in length. Rootstock horizontal, perennial, widely branching. Remarks. — Apocynum album is so difterent from A. cannabimim as to re- quire no very close comparison. The peculiar character of its ha))it, leaves, and inflorescence sharply difterentiate it. The white or nearly white flowers, however, are not, taken alone, diagnostic, as forms of .4. cnnnal/nmm frequently occur in which the corolla is equally wliite. This i)lant appears to be strictly confined to beaches and river ' bot- toms.' Near Washington it occupies, to the exclusion of other members of the genus, the flats and islands of the Potomac, seldom if ever growing on land that is not flooded at high water. Mr. E. A. Preble has sent me specimens from a small island in the Potomac at Oldtown, Maryland, and Mr. Wm. Palmer has collected it at Marshall Hall. 00 Miller — The Dogbanes of the Didrid of Cohutdna. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL (All fi Inures three times natural size ) Fig. 1. Ajiitcijniiiii androsxmifolium Linn;eus, from Maryland. Fig. 2. Apocynuiii sjjeciosum Miller, topotype. Fig. ?>. Aj)ocijiiitm )iiedUun Greene, topotype. Fig. 4. Ajioci/num urceolifer Miller, topotype. F'ig. 5. Apocyiinm album Greene, topotype. Fig. 0. Apncynum camiahimuii Linnsens, large-flowered form, from Ken- sington, Maryland. Fig. 7. Apocij)utm caniiabinnm Uinuivus, smaW flowered form, from Capitol View Park, Maryland. PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., XIII, 1899 PL. II DOGBANES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Vol. XIII, pp. 91-108 November 11, 1899 PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON SOME NEW OR RARE BIRDS FROM THE SIERRA NEVADA DE SANTA MARTA, COLOIMBIA. BY OUTRAM BANGS. From the latter part of January until early April, 1899, Mr. Wilmot W. Brown, Jr., collected, nearl}^ continuously, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, visiting many different stations at altitudes ranging from 3,000 to 15,000 feet. During this period he obtained more than 1,300 birds. The collection contains many species wliich he had not previously taken, some of which are new, besides series of man}' of the rarer species pre- viously known only from a few specimens. At a future date I intend, with Mr. Brown's help, to give a complete list, with field-notes, of all the birds he has collected in these mountains. In the present paper, the fourth on the birds of this region.* I merely describe the new forms, record additional specimens of a few of the rarer sjiecies, and give those not previously taken by Mr. Brown. Three gentlemen who have been extremely kind to Mr. Brown while in Colombia, and to whom I wish to express my thanks for the aid they have rendered him, are Theodoro V. Henriquez, U. S. consul at Rio Hacha ; Pedro Ciiristoffel, Indian inspector of the Sierra Nevada, and M. Carr, H. M. consul at Santa Marta. Again, I am under great obligations to Mr. Robert Ridgway and Dr. Chas. W. Richmond for allowing the use of the collection of birds in the National Museum, and in giving me valuable assist- ance in determining many species. I am also greatly indebted to my friend, Mr. Chas. F. Batchelder, for his kindness in allow- ing me to examine the Lafresna3'-e types in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, of which he is curator. *See Proc. Biol. See. Wash., XII, pp. 131-144, 157-160, 171-182, 1898. 22— Bior,. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIII, 1899 (91) 02 Bangui — On Some Birds from. Santa Maria, Colombia. (Note. — All measurements are in millimeters. Colors, when definite names are used, follow Ridgway's 'Nomenclature of Colors.') Actitis macularia (Linn.). One adult female, La Concepcion, Mar. 23, 1899. Aramides axillaris Lawr. One adult male, Cliirua, Mar. 13, 1899. Gypagus papa (Linn.). Three adults — a male from El Paramo de Macotama, 11,000 feet; one from Chirua; and a female from La Concepcion. Falco rufigularis Daud. One adult male, from La Concepcion, Mar. 31, 1899. Amazona mercenaria (Tscli.). Two males, from Paramo de Chiruqua, 11,000 feet. Aulacorhamphus lautus Ban<;s. Four adults, both sexes, from Chirua and T^a Concepcion. All agree closely with the type from San Miguel. Pharomachrus festatus* sp. nov. Three specimens from Chirua, one adult male, two adult females. Tijpe, from Chirua, Colombia ; altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 6235, J adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Mar. 20, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. — Intermediate in size, between P. aniiskmus and P. oimeepR; bill interuiediate in size, between the bills of these two species ; adult (^, with the three outermost rectrices white at ends (both outer and inner webs white, quills black), rest of tail black ; adult 9, with the three outermost rectrices white at ends, crossed lower down l)y black bars. Cdlor. — Adult (^•. Head, ])ack, rump, breast, upper tail-coverts, and wing-coverts metallic green, in some lights bronzy, this tone more notice- able on head, throat, and upper tail-coverts; abdomen and under tail- coverts scarlet vermilion ; primaries, secondaries, tertials and greater coverts black ; flanks and sides black, the black feathers mostly concealed ; tail black, the three outermost rectrices with grayish white ends, the quills black to their ends; white end on outer rectrix 50 mm. long, on next rectrix 59 mm. long, and on tliird 32 nnn. long ; ' bill yellow ; iris hazel ; 't feet brownish black. * Festatus, dressed in festal attire. t Noted by Mr. Brown from fresh specimen. On Sovie Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 93 Adult 9 , lef^s brilliant than the (f ; throat and breast much mixed with drab brown ; outer edges of primaries yellowish brown; tail black, the three outermost rectrices with deep white tips, the lower part of white tip crossed by two or three black bars ; outermost rectrix with three white spots on outer web below lower cross-bar; second rectrix with one white spot on outer web below lower cross-bar ; ' iris brown ; ' * bill yel. lowish brown. Mecmiremeids. — Type, adult cJ* : Wing, 190; tail, 157; tarsus, 20; ex- jjosed culmen, 19. Topotypes, adult ?, No. 6236: Wing, 188; tail, 158.4; tarsus, 20; ex- posed culmen, 18.4. Adult 9, No. 6237: Wing, 189; tail, 158; tarsus, 19.6; exposed cul- men, 18.4. In the adult (^ the longest upper tail-covert projects 48 mm. beyond the tail. Remarks. — Had Mr. Brown taken but one specimen of this fine trogon I should have been inclined to regard it as a hybrid between P. antiskmvs and P. aurieeps. Three examples, however, each one showing the charac- ters equally well, disprove any such idea. The type is a fall!/ adult male, there is no trace of brownish on the outer edges of the primaries, the bill is wholly yellow, and the breast wholly metallic. The difference in size and the peculiar tail, unlike that of either of the related species, distinguish this new trogon, which is probably confined to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Trogon personatus Gould. Plight specimens, both sexes, from Chirua, La Concepcion, and Maco- tama. Chloronerpes yucatanensis uiopygialis (Cab.). Four specimens, both sexes, from La Concepcion and San Miguel. All figree exactly with Cabanis' description and with sjiecimens in the U. S. National Museum from Costa Eica. This form, which langes from Costa Rica southward, is distinguished from the more northern C. yucatanensis by the golden-brown back, the back of true C. yucatanensis being green. Pygmornis striigularis Gould. Two males from La Concepcion, altitude 3,000 feet. Leucuria phalerata Bangs. One adult male from Paramo de Macotama, 11,000 feet, Mar. 11, 1899. This specimen, in fine plumage, is just like the type, except that the bill is a little longer. * Noted by Mr. Brown from fresh specimen. 94 Baii(/s — On Some Birdx from Santa Marta, Colombia. Lafresnaya gayi Bourc and Muls. Fonr specimens, thrqe males and one female, from Macotama, San Mignel, and Paramo de Ohiruqua. Rhamphomicron dorsale Salv. and Godm. Four specimens. An adult female and two adult males were taken at Pa- ramo de Chirnqna, at the edge of the snow, on Mar. 25 and Feb. 25, 1S99, at an altitude of 15,000 feet. A young male taken at La Cowcepcion, Feb. 16, 1899, at 3,000 feet, is much like the adult female, having a green back and spotted underparts ; its tail, however, is like that of the adult male, exce^jt that the ends of the feathers are decidedly tipped with white. Anthocephala floriceps (Gould). Nine specimens, from Pueblo Yiejo (8,000 feet), Santa Cruz, La Con- cepcion, San Francisco, and Chirua. Four are adult males, two adult females, and three young males. The female has already been described by Messrs. Salvin and Godnian. Itdifiers from the male in lacking the crown patch, the top of the head being dull coppery green, much like the color of the rump. The tail is colored alike in both sexes ; that of the female, however, has the central rectrices narrower. The whole tail is a little shorter and smaller than in the adult male. The young male is similar to the adult female. Mr. Brown was especially on the lookout for the local species of hum- mers, none of which, except Mdallura dixtricta (desciibed below) and Panychlora rnssntai seem to be easy to get. Before he started on his sec- ond trip he carefully studied the plates and descriptions of O.cypogon cy- andhvmus and Ccunpylopterus 2)hainopeplas, so as to know the birds at once, but during nearlj^ three months of active collecting he never saw a living example of either species. Metallura distiicta* sp. nov. Sixteen specimens from Pueblo Viejo (8,000 feet), La Concepcion, San Miguel, Paramo de Macotama, Macotama and Paramo de Ohiruqua. 'Jyi'c, from San Miguel, Colombia; altitude, 7,500 feet. No. 6223, 9 adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Feb. 6, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. — Adult cf with much the general appearance of 31. smarayd'nueolUs, except that the rectrices are wider; the color of tiie tail is more auri(;ular purple, less truly violet ; under tail-coverts baffy ; adult 9 differing from 9 of M. .vnnraydinicollis in being paler on throat and breast, and of a more uniform color, and in being very much less spotted with green below. Color. — Adult cf : Upper surface dark, shining grass green ; wings dark purplish brown ; bend of wing rufous ; under surface shining grass green, *Districtus, busy, occuiiied. On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 95 somewhat varied by dusky, whitish, and buff edges and bases of some of the feathers, the bulf showing most on breast and the dusky and whitisli on center of abdomen; himinous throat patch glittering grass green; partially concealed woolly feathers on center of belly and flanks while ; under tail-coverts ochraceous-bufF with faint green central spots; tail, below, shining auricular purple ; above, in some lights, auricular purple, in others, dark shining grass green. Adult 9) above shining grass green ; below, throat ochraceous-rufous, gradually becoming ochraceous- buff on chest and center of abdomen; sides spotted with shining grass green; under tailcoverts ochraceous-buff with dusky central spots; tail smaller than in the cf, all the outer rectrices tipped with buff. Young (^ similar to adult 9) l>'^t with rather more green on sides; older (j^ similar to adult (^, but lacking the luminous throat patch. Measurements. — AAwM (^, No. 6232, from Paramo de Macotama : Wing, 60; tail, 44; culmen,12.6; width of central rectrix, lO.S. Adult $ (type) : Wing, 53; tail, 34.4; culmen, 12.4; width of central rectrix, 8.2. Remarks. — Strangely enough M. districta bears a much stronger super- ficial resemblance to the far-away M. smaragdiiiicoUis, as pointed out by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and by myself, than it does to its nearest neighbor, M. iyrlantldna, of Venezuela and Colombia. The splendid series secured last winter by Mr. Brown proves, as might be expected, that the slight diflerences l^etween the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta bird and M. smarugdinicoJUs are perfectly constant. Ochthodiaeta pernix * sp. nov. Type, and only specimen, from Macotama, Coloml)ia; altitude, 9,000 feet. No. 0004, S" adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected Feb. 4, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characlers. — Not like any other species in the genus. Color. — Upper ]iarts bister, slightly darker on head and upper tail- coverts; wings dusky, wing-coverts and secondaries edged with ferrugi- nous,! inner wel)s of secondaries ferruginous, except the dusky tip, lower half of inner webs of primaries ferruginous; tail dusky, outer web of outer rectrix ferruginous; throat white, streaked with olive; breast olive— each feather darkest at center, lighter at edges and often bordered with ferruginous, giving a streaked appearance; belly and crissum ferru- ginous; sides ferruginous, slightly shaded with olive; a blackish spot directly in front of eye, rest of lores whitish ; lining of wing ferruginous ; feet and bill Ijlack. Mecmirements.— Type, adult (^ : Wing, i03; tail, 83; tarsus, 25.6; ex- posed culmen, 21.2. Remarks. — 0. pernix is wholly different from either 0. fiirnigalns of Co- lombia or 0. lugnhris of Merida. Perhaps its nearest relative is 0. fiisco. * Pernix, quick, active, nimble. fThe color called 'ferruginous' is not quite the ferruginous of Ridg- way, but is rather duller. On the wings it inclines toward hazel and on the under parts it is a little blended with olive. 06 Bangs — On Some Birds from Santa Maria, Colombia. rvfiis of Bolivia and southern Peru. It differs much, however, from tliat liird in its streaked throat and breast, as well as in other details of color- ing. Although smaller, in a general way 0. pernix suggests MyioOtereles utriaticollw, which occurs in the same region with it. The two are, of course, very different in detail, but their superficial resemblance is quite striking. Ochthceca poliogastra Salv. and Godm. Fourteen specimens, taken at all stations between 9,000 and 12,000 feet. On Mr. Brown's first trip he took only a single specimen of this local species. Platyrhyiichus albogularis Scl. One female from La Concepcion, 3,000 feet, Jan. 29, 1899. Euscaithmus granadensis Hartl. One male from La Concepcion, Jan. 29, 1899. Hapalocercus paulus* sp. nov. Ten specimens from Chirua, La Concepcion and San Miguel. Ti/pe from Chirua, Colombia; altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 6115, 9 adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Mar. 17, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. — Nearest H. fulviceps (Scl.) of Ecuador and Peru, l)ut rufous crown patch narrower and shorter, not reaching eye nor bill ; sides of head not distinctly rufus ; also diftering in details of coloration. Color. — Above dull olive ; wings dark hair-brown, with jialer an d more drab edges ; greater and middle coverts tipped with Isabella color (in some specimens cinnamon) forming two wing bars; inner webs of tertials and secondaries broadly edged with buft'; tail hair brown with slight isabella color edges and ti]) ; head subcrested, vertical feathers orange-rufous basally ; sides of crown and forehead like back; lores, auriculars, and orbital ring dull cinnamon, very different in color from crest; throat, breast, and center of belly whitish, with an ill-defined and indistinct darker pectoral band; sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts straw-yellow, darkest and slightly tinged with olive on lower sides; lining of wing straw-yellow. Sexes similar. Measurements. — Type, adult ? : Wing, 45.6; tail, 37; tarsus, 19.6; ex- posed culmen, 10. Adult cf, No. 6117, from La Concepcion : Wing, 46; tail, 39; tarsus, 19.2; exposed culmen, 10. Remarks. — H. paulus needs no comparison with the other Colombian species, //. acutipenuh, which has acuminated primaries. Its relationship lies with H. fulviceps of western Ecuador and Peru. * Paulus, small, little. On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 07 Serpophaga cineiea grisea (Lawr.). Five specimens, from Chirua, San Miguel, and La Concepcion. These are just like skins in the U. S. National Museum from Costa Rica— true grisea of Lawrence — which seem.s to me to represent a perfectly good sub- species, diftering considerably in color from true »S'. cinerea of P]cuador aiul Peru. .Sclater, however, in the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum ' unites the two without a word. Myiopatis montensis * sp. nov. Eighteen specimens from Paramo de Macotama, ILOOO feet ; Macotama, 9,000 feet, and Paramo de Chiru(iua, 12,000 feet. Type from Paramo de Macotama, Colombia; altitude, 11,000 feet. No. 6112, fj' adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected U&r. 3, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific c/««r«c/e?-s.— Much larger than M. semifuscn Scl., with much longer tail ; bill longer and more slender, base of lower mandible black (yellowish in semifusca) ; tertials not so large nor so broadly rounded at ends ; breast darker olive ; pileum much darker than back. Sexes similar. Co^or.— Pileum dark grayish olive; back and rump olive; lores, supra- orbital and supra-auricular streak, oi-bital ring, and most of auriculars grayish; a dusky post-ocular streak ; wings dusky; wing coverts broadly tipped with dull tawny ochraceous, forming two broad wing liars; outer edges of secondaries tawny-ochraceous toward ends, wholly blackish at base, thus forming a blackish patch on closed wing just behind the second wing bar; edges and tips of tertials dull yellowish white (in some speci- mens, all in worn plumage with abraded feathers, the wing bars and edges of secondaries are all dull yellowish white) ; tail dusky, narrowly edged with olive and sometimes (in fresh plumage) tipped with Isabella color; tliroat grayish white ; lireast grayish olive; belly and under tail-coverts primrose yellow; flanks olive; lining of wing and bend of wing pale yellowish; bill wholly blackish. Measurements.— Ty-pQ, adult cf : Wing, 66.fi; tail, 69; tarsus, 20.2; ex- posed culmen, 9.6. Adult $, No. 6104, from Macotama: Wing, 70; tail, 69; tarsus, 20.2; exposed culmen, 10. (These two examples exhibit the extremes in wing measurement in the series of eighteen specimens.) Remarks.— \^ hen collecting in the lowlands and among the smaller mountains near Santa INIarta, Mr. Brown took six examples of true M- semifnscn. These are topotypes of the species. In the high mountains, from altitudes of 9,000 to 12,000 feet, he secured a series of eighteen spec- imens of a wholly different bird, which I have here called M. montensis. The differences between the two are so great as to seem almost more than specific; the very long tail, long slender, wholly black bill, and the dif- ferently shaped tertials of the mountain bird are very marked characters. In ascending the mountains there seems to be a belt of from 6,000 to 9,000 feet wlfere neither M. semifusca nor M. montensis is found. This * Montensis, belonging to mountains. 98 Bangs — Oa Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colomhia. belt has been prett}' thorouj^hl y worked by Mr. Brown at many diflferent points, and I feel sure he would have taken Myiopatis if it occurred there. Tyranniscus nigricapillus (Lafr.). Two females, one from La Concepcion INlar. 11, 1899, tlie other from ChiruaFeb. 13, 1899. Nuttallornis borealis (Swains.). One female from La Concepcion Mar. 8, 1899. Pipreola aureipectus decora* subsp. nov. Two specimens, male and female, from Chirna. Type, from Chirua,Colombia; altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 6173, r? adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected Feb. 12. 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Subspeci fie characters. — Much smaller than true P. atireipectnx, with much shorter tail. Similar in color and markings to true P. aureipectus, except that the (^ has a broad band of yellow on each side, extending from the yellow throat across side of neck behind auriculars ; in the $ this band shows as a row of yellow spots. Measurements.— Type, adult c^: Wing, 88 ; tail, 64; tarsus, 23 ; exposed culinen, 12. Adult 9, to]iotype No. 6147: Wing, 84; tail 64; tarsus, 21.4; exposed cuhnen, 11.8. Remarks. — I have examined Lafresnaye's types, consisting of three specimens, two males and one female, in splendid condition. They are, all three, nnich larger than the Chirua bird, their wing measurements being as follows: No. 2166,* c? adult, 92; No. 2167,* J^ adult, 94; No. 2168, t $ adult, 92. The tail and tarsus also give larger measurements. In the two Lafresnaye males there are a few concealed yellow spots on the sides of the neck, where in the new form there is a broad yellow band. In the female there is no trace of yellow spots on the sides of the neck. Otherwise the colors and markings are about the same in /'. aurei- pectus decora and in true P. aureipectus. Heliochera rubrocristata (D'Orb. and Lafr.). Ten specimens, all from Paramo de Chiruqua and Paramo de IMaco- tama, at altitudes ranging from 11,000 to 15,000 feet. Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris (Scl.). Two males from Paramo de Chiruqua, 15,000 feet. The.se two speci- mens, without doubt, belong to the form called alhidirentris by Sclater, which is a valid subspecies, quite diiferent in color from the more south- *Decorus, adorned, ornamented. t Specimens in Lafresnaye collection in Boston Society of Natural History. On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 99 era form — true fnscus. In the northern form the scaly markings come farther down on the breast and sides, and the belly is whitish, not biiffy, as in true fuscus. Sclerurus albigularis propinquus snbsp. nov\ Type (and only specimen secured on this trip *), from Chirua, Colombia ; altitude, 7,000 ; No. ()152, $ adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected Feb. 7, 1809, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Suhspecific characters. — Somewhat intermediate between S. canigularis Ridgw., of Costa Rica, and true S. albigularis of Venezuela, most like the former but with pectoral band paler ; throat lighter gray ; upper parts duller brown, not chestnut. The new form is also the smallest of the three. Color. — Back burnt umber with a slight olive cast, head rather more dusky ; rump and upper tail-coverts bright chestnut ; wings dark brown, primaries, tertials, and secondaries edged with burnt umber; primary coverts dusky-brown ; greater and lesser coverts and scapulars chestnut ; throat smoke-gray ; pectoral band dull ferruginous ; belly and flanks hair- brown, some of the feathers edged and tipped with dull yellowish-fer- ruginous ; under tail-coverts chestnut ; tail blackish edged with chestnut ; 'iris hazel ; tarsus dusky ; 'f culmen dusky ; mandible yellowish toward base, dusky at tip. Measurements. — Type, adult 9 '• Wing, 82.6; tail, 56.4; tarsus, 23; ex- posed culmen, 21.8. No. 5684, 9 adult, from Palomina: Wing, 83; tail, 56; tarsus, 23.2; exposed culmen, 21. Heinarls. — The second si^ecimen (the tj^pe) of this form secured bj' Mr. Brown is just like the first, which could not be referred to either S. canigu- laris or S. albigularis. X I therefore no longer hesitate to give it a name. Siptoruis antisiensis Scl. Five specimens, from Santa Cruz, Paramo de Macotama, and Paramo de Chiruqua. Siptornis wyatti Scl. and Salv. Two specimens, male and female, from Paramo de Chiruqua, 15,000 feet. Mar. 25, 1899. Automolus rufipectus Bangs. Seven specimens, taken at difierent altitudes from 3,000 to 7,500 feet. All are similar to the type, which before was unique. Anabazenops stiiaticollis Scl. Eight specimens, from Chirua, San Miguel, and La Concepcion. * Mr. Brown took a female at Palomina, May 18, 1898. t Noted by Mr. Brown from fresh specimen. JProc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XII, p 177, 1898. 23— Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol.. XIII, 1899 100 Bcmgs — On Some Birds from. Santa Maria, Colombia. Premnoplex brunnescens (Scl.). Two females, one fron'i San IMiguel, the other from Cliirua. Dendiocincla olivacea anguina Bangs. Three specimens, one each from Palomina, Chirna, and La Concepcion. All are similar to the type, the onl}' specimen ]\Ir. Brown had previously taken. Picolaptes laciymiger (Des Murs.). One female from La Concepcion. Diymophila caudata (Scl.). Twenty-five specimens, yonng and adult of both sexes, from Chirua, La Concepcion, San Francisco, Santa Cruz, San Antonio, and San Miguel. I am now inclined to consider the Santa Martabird true D. caudatn (Scl.), although when I recorded the first two, taken by Mr. Brown at Palo- mina,* I thought that they were not that species. The tails are about tlie same throughout the series and do not difier, to any extent, with age or sex. The rectricesare dark brown (l)etween raw umber and bister), with subapical black bands and white tips. The only specimen from ' Bogota ' in the National Museum has a precisely similar tail. Sclater's descrip- tion reads : ' Tail of ten feathers, very long, much graduated, black, with white ends.' This was probably a mistake. Conopophaga bio-wni f sp. nov. I'lve specimens, both sexes, from Chirua. 7ype, from Chirua, Colombia; altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 6177, cf adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Feb. 1 2, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Speafic characters. — A very distinct species, apparently representing a new group, having sides of head and cap like the back and witliout white post-ocular stripe or patch. Color. — Foreheail tawny-olive, passing insensibly into color of upper parts; lores yellowish white; upper parts, yellowish olive; wings dusky brown, outer edges of primaries, secondaries, and tertials dull olivaceous cinnamon; tertials and secondaries bordered on inner web and tipped with clear cinnamon ; tail sepia; a narrow orbital ring yellowish white ; auriculars reddish olive; throat, breast, sides, and lining of wing ochra- ceous (in some specimens there is some white on the throat, in others the throat is uniform with the breast) ; middle of belly and under tail- coverts white, varying in extent in different specimens; culmen dusky; mandible yellowish toward base, dusky at tip. Mcamremcnts.—i:y\^e, adult J: Wing, 61; tail, 29; tarsus, 23.2; e.v- *Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XII, p. 176, 1898. t Named for Wilmot W. Brown, Jr., who.se researches have brought to light so many new birds in the Santa Marta region. On Some Birds fro)it Santa 3Iarta, Colornhia. 101 posed culmen, 13. Adult 9. No. 6179, topotype : Wing, 62 ; tail, 29.4; tarsuH, 23.6; exposed culmen, 12.4. Jiemarks. — C. brovmi does not need comparison with any known form. The one female recorded from Puehlo Viejo, 8,000 feet,* is like the present series from Chirna. Scytalopus sylvestris Tacz. One male, not fully adult, from San Francisco Jan. 24, 1899. It is not unlikely that fully adult specimens will show the Santa Marta bird to be an undescribed species. The wing measures 46 mm., wdiicli is shorter than usual in »S'. sylvestris. I have compared it with *S. argenlifrons Ridgw. , and it is certainly not that species. For the present it may be well to call it syh'estris. Scytalopus latebricolaf sp. nov. Seven specimens, six females and one male, fi'om Paramo de Chiruqua and Paramo de Macotama, 11,000 to 12,000 feet. Type, from Paramo de Chiruqua, Colombia ; altitude, 12,000 feet. No. 6208, ? adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected INIarch 10, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. ^Scytalopus latebricola has the large feet, tarsus, and bill of the S. analis group, but in size is smaller and has a much shorter tail than S. analis. Colors different, much more reddish brown on rump, flanks, and upjier tail-coverts. Sexes apparently alike. Color. — Adult, head and back dark brownish slate; lower rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut, with indistinct blackish cross-bars ; wings and tail dull brownish black ; throat and breast brownish slate gray (al- most mouse gray of Ridgway), paler and more silvery on middle of lower breast and upper part of belly ; flanks, lower sides, and under taii-coverts chestnut, with slight irregular spots and cross-bars of dusky; l)ill horn color ; feet and tarsus brown. Younger birds (Nos. 6212 and 6210) differ in having more chestnut on the back and breast, in being more decidedly barred on flanks, etc., and in having tertials and wing -coverts barred with chestnut and tipped with yellowish brown, and primaries edged with chestnut. Measurements. No. Sex. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Exposed culmen. 6208, 6211. 6213 type. 9 ad. 9 ad. J^ad. 60. 61. 62. 42.2 42.6 23.8 24.2 24.4 13.4 13.4 13.6 *Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XII, p. 159, LS98. t Latebricola, one who dwells in coverts or lurking-places. 102 Bangs — On Some Birds Jruin Santa Maria, Colombia. Remarks. — I have carefnllj^ examined Lafresnaye's type of Mendaxis annlis, which is in fairly good condition. It is a very different bird from tliat taken by Mr. Brown in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; is niucli larger and has a very much longer tail. The colors are also different, but as the specimen appears to be now somewhat faded by exposure to light, it might only make confusion to mention these differences. It measures — wing, 66; tail, 6.3.2; tarsus, 28. In the National Museum I examined specimens from Bogota of still another form, which is probably S. micropterns (Scl.). This differs from S. latebrtcola in being much darker throughout, the back blacker, the underparts not nearly so gray, and the reddish brown of the flanks and rump darker. Sycalis broTvni Bangs. Two specimens, one adult (female?), the other a young male, from Palomina and La Concepcion. When identifying the specimens of this bird which Mr. Brown took near Santa Marta, Mr. Kidgway and I were misled by Dr. Sharpe's rather strange treatment of Sycalis citrina, which is placed in the fai'- removed genus Pseudochloris. Consequently we overlooked that species. There is little doubt that the birds recorded in the ' British Museum Catalogue' from Colombia are the same as my S. brovni. It is probable, however, that S. broivni will prove subspecifically different from S. citrina Pelzeln, the latter being based on birds from southern Brazil. It would in fact be very strange if birds of this sort from localities so far apart as southern Brazil and northern Colombia should not prove different. In the lack of Brazilian specimens for actual comparison, I am forced to leave the question in this unsatisfactory condition. Oryzoborus funereus Scl. Five specimens from Chirua and La Concepcion. Catamenia sp. ? One female from Paramo de Chiniqna, 15,000 feet, Feb. 27, 1899. With but one female I am unable to identify the species positively. It may prove to be undescribed or may possibly be C. analoides. Haplospiza nivaria * sp. nov. Thirteen specimens from Paramo de Chiruqua, 15,000 feet, Feb. and Mar. 1899. Type, from Paramo de Chiruqua, Colombia; altitude, 15,000 feet. No. 6238, (^ adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected Mar. 25, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. — Much larger than H. iinicolor ; (^ purer gray, less olivaceous; back more streaked; bill relatively smaller. The feathers * Nivarius, (^f or l)clonging to snow. 071 Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 103 every vvliere very long and lax, and the whole plumage indicating a bird fitted to withstand extreme cold. Color. — ^Adult (^: Upper parts dark gray, between mouse gray and slate color ; interscapulum with indistinct longitudinal dusky streaks ; some of the feathers slightly edged with pale smoke gray ; wings black, all the feathers edged with gray like the back ; tail black, with narrow gray edges ; under parts gray (No. 6 of Ridgway) ; center of belly and under tail coverts somewhat varied by indistinct cross-bars of pale smoke gray ; bill, feet, and tarsus black ; ' iris hazel.'* Adult 9 : Heavily streaked throughout; upper parts sepia, rather paler on cervix and shading into brownish slate on rump and upper tail- coverts, witli broad blackish striations ; wings dusky brown edged with sepia, except greater and middle coverts, which are edged with Isabella color; tail dusky brown edged with grayish; throat, breast, flanks, and sides wood brown ; belly and under tail-coverts grayish white ; under parts streaked throughout with blackish, most heavily on breast and sides, less so on throat and center of belly ; bill blackish, base of lower mandible paler, more yellowish. Measurements. No. Sex. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Exposed culm en. 6238, tvpe J^ ad. (^ ad. 9 ad. 9 ad. 82. 83. 81. 82. 59. 60. 59. 57. ■ 23. 23. 23.4 23.4 10. 6240 10.2 6246 10 6244 10.2 Remarks. — I am, of course, not familiar with H. uniforinisScl. and Salv. of Jalapa, Mexico, the type being unique, but the description indicates a very difterent bird from mine, and the measurements show it to be smaller. Mr. Brown found the new species at the edge of snow, at 15,000 feet, on El Paramo de Chiruqua, where he took thirteen specimens in Feb. and March, 1899. At no other station in the mountains did he get spec- imens. Some of the birds taken in February were moulting. Myospiza manimbe (Licht.). One female from Paramo de Macotama, 9,000 feet, Mar. 3, 1899. Arremonops caneusf Bangs. At Mr. Ridgway's request I sent him, a short time ago, the three speci- mens upon wliich I based this form. He detected an error in my former * Noted by Mr. Brown from fresh specimens. t Described as Arremonops conirostris caneus Bangs. Proc. Biol. Soc.i Washington, vol. XII, p. 140, June 3, 1898. 104 Bangs — On ^Somc Birds from. Santa 3Iarta, Colomhla. account of them that must be corrected. The type, adult male, is all right, and is so different from A. coniroslris as to deserve full specific rank. The two females that I included under the same name, however, prove not to belong to this species at all, but are so close to examples of ^. veneziidensis Ridgway, that Mr. Ridgway does not consider them even subspecifically separable. Thus another species should be added to the fauna of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Arremonops venezuelensis Ridgw. Two females taken near Santa Marta in .Jan., 1898. This is a much smaller bird than A. cnneus, besides being different in color. The back is pure greenish olive, this color also suffusing the gray of neck and crown. A. caneus has the whole head (between black stripes), neck, and upper back gray, gradually shading into grayish olive on lower back and rump. Buariemon basilicus Bangs. Four specimens, three males and one female, from Chirua and San Fran- cisco. I founded this species upon one adult male taken at Pueblo Viejo at an altitude of 8,000 feet, and the three males in the present .series agree with it exactl5^ The female is rather smaller and slightly different ill color, the main difference being that the olive of the back extends up the crown between the two black stripes. In the males this central crown stripe is gray. Schistochlamys atra (Gmel.). Eleven specimens, both sexes, from La Ooncepcion and San Antonio. Pcecilothiaupis melanogenys Salv. and Godm. Twenty specimens, taken at all stations between 7,500 and 12,000 feet. Of this beautiful tanager, peculiar to the Santa Marta mountaius, Mr. Brown had before taken but one specimen. Chlorophonia frontalis (Scl.). Ten specimens, both sexes, from Chirua, La Ooncepcion, and San Miguel. Without siieciuiens from Venezuela for comparison, I must let the Santa Marta bird stand as C. frontalis. Piranga faceta Bangs. Four examples, one adult male and three young males, from La Ooncep- cion and San Miguel. The adult is in every way similar to the type, but is in much more worn pluuiage. The young uiales are in a i>lumage sim- ilar to that of the adult female, except that orange red feathers are ap- pearing in small irregular patches both above and below. On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. 105 Atticoia cyanoleuca (Vieill.)- Seven specimens, both sexes, all from La Concepcion ; altitude, 3,000 feet. Vireo josephae (Scl.). One male from El Paramo de Macotama. 11,000 feet, Feb. r>, 1899. Conirostrum rufum Lafr. Five specimens, both sexes, from Paramo de Chiruqua and Paramo de Macotama; altitude, 11,000 feet. Helminthophila pinus (Linn.). One adult male, Chirua, Mar. 21, 1899. This bird is interesting, iiav- ing broad, conspicuous yellow wing bars. Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmel.). Two specimens ; male from La Concepcion, Mar. 17, 1899, and a female from Chirua, Feb. 13, 1899. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Ridgw.). One male from Chirua, Feb. 7, 1899. Geothlypis Philadelphia (Wils. ). Ten specimens, both sexes, from Chirua and La Concepcion, taken from Feb. 12 to Mar. 25, 1899. Most of these birds are molting, and the series covers practically the complete spring molt. Cinclus rivularis* sj). nov. Tliree specimens, two from Chirua, one from Paramo de Chiruqua ; altitude, 11,000 feet. Ti/pe, from Chirua, Colombia;. altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 6049; (^ adult, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected Feb. 7, 1899, by W. VV. Brown, Jr. Specific character's. — Not much like either C lenconotus or C. lencocephaluH; general color more grayish and less blackish ; under jiarts dark gray mot- tled with white; pileum white streaked with dusky; throat white; cheeks dark gra}^ Color. — Pileum white, the center of the feathers dusky, giving a streaked appearance; back slate color, the lower parts of the feathers white cen- trally (the white does not show unless the feathers are disturbed) ; rump and upper tail-coverts dark brownish slate color; wings brownish black, inner webs of primaries and secondaries with white central spots, this white marking small and inconspicuous on second and third primaries, * Rivularis, of or belonging to a small stream, rivulet. 106 Bangs — On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. larger on the other feathers; tail brownish black; cheeks dark slate; throat white ; breast, belly, and nnder tail-coverts dark slate, irregnlarly mottled and varied with white. (In the type there is but little white, mostly concealed, on under parts ; in a topotype there is i-ather more ; in the specimen from Paramo de Chiruqua the center of breast and belly is considerably mottled with white). Flanks and sides brownish slate; ' fi'ont of tarsus light blue, behind dusky ; iris hazel; ' * bill black. Measurements. — Type, adult (J': Wing, 88; tail, 47 ; tarsus, o0.6; ex- posed culmen, 12. Adult 9, No. 6050, from Paramo de Chiruqua: Wing, 82; tail, 44; tarsus, 29.4; exposed culmen, 12. Troglodytes monticola f sp. nov. Five specimens, adult male and female, and three young, from Paramo de Chiruqua and Paramo de Macotama, from 11,000 to 15,000 feet. Type i\'o\w Paramo de Chiruqua, Colombia; altitude, 15,000 feet. No. 6066, 9 adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Mar. 25, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Specific characters. — With a distinct superciliary streak as in T. brunnei- coUis of southern Mexico and 2'. rufociluitus of Guatemala. Larger than either of these and differing much in color and markings. Color. — Adult 9 , type, in fresh plumage : Pileum and cervix rich russet > back, rump, upjier tail-coverts, scapulars, tertials, and wing-coverts rus- set, finely, but strongly, barred with dusky; primaries and secondaries dusky, with dull yellowish-white notches along outer webs; tail dusky, with irregular, wavy cross-bars (often broken) of dull grayish brown ; conspicuous superciHary streak tawny-ochraceous; auriculars tawny, just behind eye darker, almost dusky ; throat and jugulum ending in an even line, dull tawny-ochraceous; breast, in the middle pinkish buff, toward sides buff with dusky cross-bars; belly soiled white, with dusky cross- bars; flanks and sides dull buff, with broad dusky cross-bars; under tail- coverts white, with dusky cross-bars. An adult (^, No. 6017, from Paramo de Macotama,Mar. 11, 1899, is similar, but is in worn plumage, the feathers being considerably abraded. The color above is richer, bordering on hazel, and the cross bars on back are less distinct; below it is more deeply colored, and the differences in shade between throat, breast, and belly are less evident. All these differences are probably due to wearing of the feathers. The young differ from adults in being less barred above and in having the under parts Isabella color — a little darker on sides — freckled with dusky. The new feathers appearing on the throat are like those of the adult. Measurements. — Type, adult $ : Wing, 54 ; tail, 39.4 ; tarsus, 21 ; ex- posed culmen, 11.8. Adult J*, No. 6067: Wing, 54; tail, 39.6; tarsus, 22; exposed culmen, 12. 2. J * Noted by Mr. Brown from a fresh specimen — the type, t Monticola, a mountaineer, dweller in the mountains. J The wings and tail of the male are somewhat worn, and therefore these measurements are a little too short. ()n Some Birds from Saiifa Jfarta, Colomhta. 107 Rrmarls. — Tlie discovery of this wren in tlie higher Sierra Nevada car- ries the range of the group of house wrens having conspicuously colored superciliaries into South America proper. The species is very different from either of the two before known. Microcerculus marginatus Sol. One adult male from Chirua, Mar. 13, 1899. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Cab.). One female from Chirua, Feb. 16, 1899. Merula gigas cacozela Bangs. Eighteen s])ecimens, taken at San Miguel, Paramo de Chiruqua, and Paramo de Macotama. All agree with the original pair from Macotama, upon which I based the subspecies. Merula olivatra Lafr. Two males from La Concepcion ; altitude, 3,000 feet. I have compared these with the types of Merula olivatra which are in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. There are two specimens in fine condition and apparently only a little faded, tliough they were for some years exposed to the light as mounted specimens. In color they agree with the two skins taken by Mr. Brown, when due allowance is made for the slight finding that has undoubtedly taken place. They are, however, smaller in every proportion. The wing measurement of the two Lafresnaye types is 115 and 118 mm. respectively, while in the La Concepcion birds, both males, it is 122 and 124 mm. When we know more about the range and variations of this rare thrush it may be found that there are two races. For the present I prefer to leave the Colombian bird with true M. oUcatra. Merula albiventris fusa * subsp. nov. Fourteen specimens, both sexes, from Chirua, La Concepcion, San Miguel, and San Francisco. Taken in Jan., Feb., and Mar., 1899. Ti/pe, from Chirua, Colombia; altitude, 7,000 feet. No. 0080, $ adult, coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected Feb. 11, 1899, by W. W. Brown, Jr. finbspecific characters. — Much larger than true M. albiretitrls Spix, of Brazil ; colors and pattern of coloration similar, except that the head is grayer — shading from grayish olive on forehead and crown to olive gray on cervix, where the gray meets the olive of the back much more aljruptly. ' Bill dull green ; iris brown ; 'f sexes alike. * Fusus, large, plump, full. t Noted by Mr. Brown from fresh specimen. 24— Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIII, 1899 108 Ba))r/s — Oh Some Birds from Santa Maria, Colombia. Measurements. No. 6080, type 6071 6074 6076 6079 6078 6072 6073 6075 6077 Sex. 9 ad. cfad. J* ad. c? ad. ? ad. c^ad. cjad. ? ad. $ ad. c?ad. Wing. Tail. 124 103 121.5 100 122 99.5 120 98.5 120.5 103 120.5 100 119.5 98 118 96 117.5 96 119 96 Tarsus. 32.5 32 31.5 32.5 32 32.5 33 31 31.5 Exposed culinen. 19.5 20 20 19.5 20 20 19.5 19.5 20 19.5 Remarks. — This new form of the white-bellied tlirush is in all proba- bility not confined to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. but is a large northern subspecies. True M. ulhirentris of Brazil is a much smaller bird, besides differing somewhat in the color of the head. The young bird, in nestling plumage, from Palomina, taken May 21, 1898, that I recorded as probably the young of Merula incompta* proves on examination to be the young of M. albiventris fusa. Merula phaeopyga minuscula Bangs. Ten specimens, nine males and one female, from La Concepcion and Chirua. All these agree closely with the original specimens. Platycichla flavipes carbonaria (Licht.). Seven specimens, both sexes, from Chirua, La Concepcion, and San Miguel. Catharus fuscater (Lafr.). One adult male from Chirua, Feb. 5. 1899. 'Iris white; orbital ring reddish orange ; bill reddish orange, but apex of culmen dusky ; tarsus light orange.' f *Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XII, p. 182, 1898. t Noted by Mr. BroM'n from the fresh specimen. Vol. XIII, pp. 109-121 December 30, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE BOTANICAL EXPLORATIONS OF • THOMAS NUTTALL IN CALIFORNIA. BY fredp:rick v. coville. I was puzzled recently, in reading some references to Thomas Nuttall's botanical work in California, at discrepancies in vari- ous statements regarding time and place, and this led to a careful examination of the available records regarding his work in that State. Professor W. 11. Brewer,* to Avhom one naturally turns for information about botanical explorations in California, states that Nuttall's collections there were made " during a part of the year 1835." This there was reason to doubt, and looking further I found that Professor Brewer's authority for the state- ment was probably Elias Durand's " Biographical notice of the late Thomas Nuttall."t In this article Durand states, on page 311 : "There [at the Sandwich Islands] he remained a couple of months [after January 5, 1835], visiting the different islands of that happy group and collecting plants and sea-shells ; thence, separating from his com- panion, Mr. [.John K.] Townsend, he took passage on board a vessel sail- ing for the coast of California, where he landed early in the spring, to enjoy new emotions of pleasure. All again was new to him! He re- mained in California a great part of the spring and summer, actively engaged in mailing collections, and returned to the Sandwicli Islands, *In Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal., II, 555, 1880. tProc. Am. Phil. Soc, VII, 297-315, 1801. 25— Biol. Sou. \V.\sii., Voi,. XIII, 1809 (109) 110 CoviUe — Botanical Exploration^^ of Thomas Nuttall. where he embarked on a Boston vessel to come back to the United States round Cape Horn. Mr. Nuttall arrived in Boston in the beginning of October, 1835." This statement of Durand,it now appears, is incorrect in that Nuttall (lid not separate from Townsend in the Hawaiian Islands, did not sail at this time for California, did not spend the following spring and summer in California, did not embark for Boston from the Hawaiian Islands, and did not reach Boston in 1835.* Nuttall, in company with Townsend, embarked at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, March 26, 1835, on the American ))rig May Dacre and entered the mouth of the Columbia on April 16 following. t Under date of July 11, 1835, Mr. Townsend states:]: that Nut- tall "has just returned from the Dalles, where he has been spending some weeks." Under date of October 1, 1835, refer- ring to a Hudson Bay Company's vessel in which Dr. Gairdner, one of the company's surgeons, had sailed a few days before from the mouth of the Columbia to the Hawaiian Islands, Townsend says : "My companion, INIr. Nuttall, was also a passenger in the same vessel. From the [Hawaiian] islands he will probably visit California, and either return to the Columbia by the next ship and take the route across the mountains or double Cape Horn to reach ins home." From the records thus cited it is evident that Nuttall si)ent the spring and summer of 1835 on the Columbia River in Ore- gon and Washington, not in California. It may seem strange to the reader that Nuttall, wishing to go to California from the Columbia, did not make the journey overland, or at least take a vessel down the coast. The fact is that he did not do this simply because he could not. Up to that time there was no land route from the Willamette to the Sacramento across the mountains of the Umpqua and the Rogue rivers and the terrible Siskiyous. As for a coastwise vessel from the Columbia to a California port, that was a rare occurrence. The trade of the * Since this article was written Dr. John W. Harshberger's book on "The Botanists of Philadelphia and Their Work" has appeared, with tlie same errors, doubtless also on the authority of Durand. t Townsend, John K. Narrative of a journey across the Rockj' Moun- tains, etc., pages 215, 2bS, 18:i<). I Op. cit.,224. Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall. Ill Columbia was exclusively a fur trade, and, while the trading vessels went frequently to the Hawaiian Islands to get provis- ions or sometimes to take on a cargo of sandal-wood for delivery at some eastern Asiatic port, they seldom had occasion to stop in California as thej^ sailed to or from Cape Horn. Of Nuttall's movements immediately after the 1st of October, 1835, we have only an indirect record. Presumably he reached Honolulu, as he intended, and certainly he must have sailed al- most immediately for California, for his collections from the Hawaiian Islands are very scanty and probably, indeed, were all made during his previous visit there. In the absence of any direct account of Nuttall's movements in Calift)rnia, it seemed best to collate the type localities of the new species of plants described by him as collected in that State, and with this in view a search has been made through the works in which most of these California collections were published, namely, the seventh and eighth volumes of the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, 1840 to 1843, and in Torrey and Gray's Flora of North America, 1838 to 1843. As a result, it appears that Nuttall's California collections were made at Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Pedro (the port of Los Angeles), and San Diego, in March, April, and May, 1836. He did not visit the California coast north of Monterey. At San Diego Nuttall secured passage for Boston on the vessel Alert, which was carrying a load of hides from California to New England by way of Cape Horn. She left San Diego May 8, 1836. This voyage has an added interest from the fact that the vessel carried also the Massachusetts boy, R. H. Dana, who after- ward wrote '' Two Years before the Mast." His references to Nuttall are interesting. "This passenger, the first and only one we Iiad had [on board the trad- ing vessel Alert, of Boston], except to go from port to port, on the coast, was no one else tlian a gentleman whom I had known in my better days, and the last person I should have expected to have seen on the coast of California, Professor [Thomas] N[uttall], of Cambridge, [Massachusetts]. I had left him quietly seated in the chair of Botany and Ornithology, in Harvard University, and the next T saw of him was strolling about San Diego beach, California, in a sailor's pea-jacket, with a wide straw hat, and barefooted, with his trousers rolled up to his knees, picking up stones and shells. He had traveled overland to the Northwest Coast, and come down in a small vessel to Monterey. [Dana evidently knew nothing al)Out Nuttall's trips to the Hawaiian Islands.] There he learned that 112- Covillc — Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall. there was a ship at the leeward about to sail for Boston, and, taking pas- sage in the Pilgrim, which was then at Monterey, he came slowly down, visiting the intermediate ports and examining tlie trees, plants, earths, birds, &c., and joined us at 8an Diego shortly before we sailed. The second mate of the Pilgrim told me that they had got an old gentleman on board who knew me and came from tlie college that I had been in. He could not recollect his name, l)ut said lie was a ' sort of an oldish man,' with white hair, and spent all his time in the bush and along the beach, picking up flowers and shells and such truck, and had a dozen boxes and barrels full of tliem. I thought over everybody who would be likely to be there, but could fix upon no one, when, the next day, just as we were about to shove off from the beach, he came down to the boat in the rig I have described, with his shoes in his hand and his pockets full of spechnens. I knew him at once, though I should not have been more surprised to have seen the Old South steeple shoot up from the hide house. He probably had no less difficulty in recognizing me. As we left home about the same time, we had nothing to tell one another; and, owing to our different situations on board [Dana had shipped as a common sailor, in the forecastle], I saw' but little of him on the passage home. Some- times, when I was at the wheel of a calm night, and the steering required no attention, and the officer of the watch was forward, he would come aft and hold a short yarn with me; but this was against the rules of the ship, as is, in fact, all intercourse between passengers and the crew. I was often amused to see the sailors puzzled to know what to make of him, and to hear their conjectures about him and his business. They were as much puzzled as our old sailmaker was with the captain's instruments in the cabin. He .said there were three : the r/o-onometer, the c/uvnometer, and ody else will go after some more, and if they beat him, he'll have to go again, or else give nj) his berth. That's the way they do it. This old covey knows the ropes. He has worked a traverse over 'em, and come 'way out here, where nobody's ever been afore, and where they'll never think of coming.' This explanation satisfied Ja(!k ; and as it rai.sed Mr. Nuttall's credit for Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall. 113 capacity, and was near enough to the truth for common purposes, I did not disturb it. With the exception of Mr. Nuttall, we had no one on board but tlie regular ship's company, and the live stock." * On July 22, 1836, after a hard and protracted storm oft' the •southern coast of South America, Dana states: " Even Mr. Nuttall, the passenger, who had kept in his shell for nearly a month, and hardly been seen by anybody, and who we had almost for- gotten was on board, came out like a butterfly, and was hopping around as bright as a bird." f And again : "In the general joy, Mr. Nuttall said he should like to go ashore upon the island [Staten Island, a little east of Cape Horn] and examine a spot which probably no human being had ever set foot upon ; but the captain intimated that he would see the island— specimens and all — in— another place before he would get out a boat or delay the ship one moment for him."t On tlie 21st of Septeml)er, 1836, Nuttall arrived in Boston, thus endiug his last important American journe\^ It is important that the new species based on Nuttall's Califor- nian collections be critically identified, and since to many Cali- fornian botanists both the t3q)e specimens and the original de- scriptions are not readily accessible, the following list of species has been prepared. The list, arranged by type localities, includes the species described in Torrey and Gray's Flora of North Amer- ica, 1838 to 1813, and in the seventh and eighth volumes of the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, 1810 to 1813. After the original name is given the current equivalent, if different from the original, and any additional in- formation suggested l)y the first description, such as the habitat, precise locality, date of collecting or flowering, probable mis- identification, or incorrect use of a name. No attempt has been made to identif}^ the species critically. It is hoped that this information will be used b}^ Californian botanists in making collections of these plants at their type localities, so that ample material for careful study may be available in American herbaria- *[Dana, R. H.] Two Years before the Mast, ;i59-;^,r)l, 1S40. top. cit., 412. ; Op. cit., 412-413. 114 Coville — Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nattall. LIST OF PRINCIPAL NEW SPECIES BASED ON NUTTALL'S CALIFORNIAN COLLECTIONS. Collected at Monterey. BRASSK'ACEAE. Dentaiia integrifolia Niitt. Plains of Monterey. Erysimum grandiflorum Nutt. = CheirnritJius capitatus Dongl. On the sand hills of Point Pinos, near Monterey. March. Lepidum californicum Nntt. ^= Lepidinm menziesii DC. It may be well to note that although L. californicurn is referred by recent authors to L. menziesii, the latter is considered by Dr. Roljiiison in theSjnioptical Flora a plant of the Northwest Coast, a district far removed phytogeographic- ally from Monterey. This suggests the need of further critical exanuna- tion of the Monterey plant. VICIA(E.\E. Drepanolobus lanatus Nutt. = Lo^u.s tomenlusus (Hook. &. Arn.) Greene. Dry liills in the shade, near Monterey. Hosackia micranthus [-tha] Nutt. =: L(}tns Jiamalns Greene. Near ^lonterey, March to April. Hosackia nudiflora Nutt. = Lotus andiftorusC^nit.) Greene. Gravelly hills near ]\Ionterey, March. Hosackia strigosa Nutt. = Lotus slrhjosns (Nutt.) Greene. Dry grav- elly hills near Monterey, March. KIIAMNACEAE. Ceanothus rigidus Nutt. Bushy woods near Monterey, March. Rhamnus cioceus [-cea] Nutt. Bushy hills and thickets around Monterey. Rhamnus laurifolius [ia] Nutt. = Rhamtuis colifiniuea Esch. The type specimens were collected near Monterey and near Santa Barbara also. CISTACEAE. Helianthemum scopaiium Nutt. Common on dry hills around Mon- terey. ONAGRAC'EAE. Oenothera ovata Nutt. = Turaxia ovata (Nutt.) Small. Common in moist plains in the inmiediate vicinity of Monterey, March. ElilCACEAE. Arctostaphylos acuta Nutt. = Arctostaphylos piuinla Nutt., witli which it was originally collected. Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall. 11 o Aictostaphylos pumila Nutt. Around ^Monterey, tlu\veiin\: thumb, 4: lon.iiesi finger, *Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Inst itiUion. f "Caught bj' Mr. L. 1>. Smith in an attic in Punda." Collector's note. 27— Biol. See. Wash. Voi,. XIII. lOno. {Vl^) liri-t Miller — TItrce New BaU from (he fshnid of (\ir(iran. 'm: ear from meatus, \].i>: ear from crown, 10: width of ear, 10: tragfiis, (i.S. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 13: basal length, 12: Ijasilar length (median), 10: zygomatic breadth, 8: interorbital breadth, :5.2: mastoid breadth, 7: occipital depth. 5; mandible, !>; max- illary toothroAV (exclusive of incisors). 5: mandibular toothroAV (exclusive of incisors), 5.4. Si)eriiiienn examirifd. — One, I he type. lievidrkK. — Myotis nixapolus is readily distinguishable from M. iiiijrirdUH by its much lighter color, especially on the underparts. Its color sug- gests that of dull specimens of M. (■aUforidcux though the latter may always be recognized by the conspicuously bicolor fur of the back. Glossophaga elongala sp. no\'. Tiipf adult female (skin and skull from specimen in formalin) No. 101,871 United States National Museum, collected at Willemstad, Cur- asao, West Indies, December 4, 1S9I). C'hara(irr>i. — In appearance similar to (UuKXiiphngd hingirontrtu ^lillei-* from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, but paler in color. Skull narrower and relati\ely much more elongate than that of the Columbian species. Incisors well developed, nearly double as large as in - strongly projecting forward. Edi-.'i. — The ears are moderately long, laid forAvard they extend about half way from eye to tip of muzzle. Anterior border of conch strongly convex at base, then very gently convex to rather broadly rounded tip. Posterior border straight to middle, then slightly and evenly convex to faint notch marking boundary of very narrow and rudimentary unthick- ened antitragus. The posterior border terminates slightly in front of anterior border and (i mm. behind angle of mouth, l^oth surfaces of ear smooth, the inner, howexer, wilh six or seven small but distinct cross ridges near posterior border, and a few inconspicuous scattered hairs. Tragus upright, acutely pointed, sometimes deeply notched at lip. An- terior ))or(ler perceptibly thickened, nearly straight, slightly convex above. I'oint acute. Posterior border irregularly convex, occasionally so narrowly and deeply notched above that the tip appears bitid. < )p- posite anterior base there is a broad shallow notch, and below this the posterior border is more abruptly convex to base. \Tiizdi' (did chill. ^\jO^-qy, oval, portion of noseleaf small and \ery in- distinctly outlined, but not peculiar in fnnn. Terminal, eivct, portion well (lc\-el()ped, its width nearly (Mpial 1o (^der border. Tip ralher blinilly roiuided. Outer border slightly concave. Chin divided by a ralher broad and shallow V-shaped groove, the edges of which are irreg- ularly tuberculale. .][ciiibniiiis.—~'V\\i' mcmluiuics are ample and .som(>what tliin, 1heir surface.s rough. Width of uropatagium equal to length of tibia. Pro- *i'roc. .\cad. Nal. Sci., iMiiladelphia, 18i),S. p. :'>:!(). fin Ihelypeand only known specimen : breadth of braiucase above roots of zygomata, 9; depth of rostrum between orbits, .']; mandi- ble, 16.2; upper toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 8.8; lower toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 9. Remarks. — Glossophtit/a ehngata differs conspicuously from G. hnKji- rrt.s-^rw in its paler color, particularly on the ventral surface^ The cra- nial characters are ecpially distinct ive. In one specimen (Xo. 101,S.')r)V the third upper molar is absent on Ixith sides. Leptonycteris cui'asose sp. no\'. 7\y^>( adult male (in alcohol) Xo. Idl.S.")] rnited States Xatioiial Mu- seum, collected at Cura(;ao, West Indies. Characters. — Closely related to the Mexican LefpUmyvteris niTalis (Saus- sure) but color darker, and interfemoral membrane narrower and less: hairy. Upper inrisors equalUj xpacctl and more projecl:in.y than in the Mexican species. Second lower premolar sliji'htly but distinctly crescen- tic. Earx. — The ears are broad and short, laid forward they extentl to an- terior canthus of eye. Anterior border of conch nearly strai.yhl and al- most horizontal throuuh proximal ."> mm., then \ery abruptly convex. Beyond this convexity it is aiiain straig^ht for about .> mm. below rather narrowly rounded tip. The two straight areas are nearly perpendicular to each other. Posterior border slightly concave below tip, then mod- erately con\ex to faintly marked notch at upper edge of antitragiis. Antitragus small and ill defined, its substance distinctly thickened. The slightly concave anterior border terminates abruptly a little in advance of anterior base of ear, and 7 mm. behiiul angle of mouth. Outer sur- face of ear smooth and naked except at extreme base, where it is cov- ered with fur similar to that of head. Inner svu-face slightly papillose and si^rinkled with inconspicuous hairs. Four or five very indistinct cross ridges on inner surface of conch near middle of posterior border. Tragus upright, much tliickened along anterior border. Anterior border straight to slight subterminal coiu-avity. Point blunt. Posterior border irregular, bat without distinct projecticms. Through anterior base the width of tragus is ecpuil to one half anterior border. Muzzle anil rliin. — X^oseleaf diamond shaped, the lower portion bounded by the oblicpie nostrils, the upper and slightly larger ])ortion erect and free. Lips below and at sides of nostrils tumi;ully \- shaped groove. Chin divided by a d('(^p grooxo, uai'i'ow hclow, wide ah.i\(', lis edges ir- regularly I ubcrculal c. Mfiiibraiu'K. — The membranes are thick nmgh and leathery: the wiims and propatagium broad and ample; the uropatagium great ly reduced (only ■1 mm. wide at middle). I'ropalagium extending as a l)road fold along forearm lo iiirhidc mctacai-pal of lliiimU. The membranes are essen- tialh' naked. Miller — Three New Bats from the Island of Cttraaio. 127 Feet. — The feet are large and strong, about two thirds length of tibia. Toes essentially equal in length, slightly longer than metacarpals, armed with hwge strong claws, the latter equal to about one third of rest of foot, t'alcar distinct, (i mm. in length. Fur (I lid ri\—T\\e fur is short, dense and velvety, that on middle of bick about 4 mm. in length. It is closely confined to body, reaching membranes in a very narrow line only. On humerus it extends over pro\im;il half both above and below. Dorsal .surface of forearm densely bvit inconspicuously furred. Under surface of forearm and of propata- gium and both sides of uropatagium scantly haired. Color after three months immersion in formalin liair brown witli a faint bluish cast, slightly paler on ventral surface, the hairs everywhere ecru dral>at base. Ears and membranes dark brown. Skull. — The skull is slightly larger than that of Lepti>iiiirtn-ix iiindix, and the rostrum is a little deeper, but otherwise 1 can detect no cranial characters to separate the two species. 7Wf/i. — Upper incisors large and evenly spaced, not in two pairs sepa- rated by a, distinct median gap as in L. iitctili.'<. These teeth project so strongly forward that the entire anterior face is visible when skull is viewed directly from above. Maxillary teeth essentially as in L. nindix. Lower incisors larger than in /.. >i/riili.'< the lateral pairs less widely sepa- rated. Second lower premolar distinctly crescentic when viewed from its apex, the concavity directed inward. In L. nicalis this tootli is straight. Mandibular molars not peculiar. MiKxHrnncntx. — External measurements of type: head and body, 70 (75)*: tibia, 20 (22): foot, lo (14.(5): foot without claws, 12.8 (12): calcar. 6(6); forearm, 53 (55); thumb, 10(11): longest finger, 96 (08) : ear from meatus, 15.6 (16>; ear from crown, 11.6 (12.8); width of ear, 12 (11); tragus, <) (6:2): height of noseleaf posteriorly. 3 (3); greatest width of noseleaf, 3.4 (4). Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 26 (27): basal length, 25 (25.6); basilar length, 22.4 (23.6); zygomatic breadth, 11 (11); interor- bital breadth, 5 (5); mastoid breadth, 10.6 (10.8): breadth of braincase above roots of zygomatai, 10 (10): greatest depth' of braincase, 8 (8): depth of rostrum between orbits, 3.2 (4): mandible, 17.4 (17.4); upper toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 0 (8.6): lower toothrow (exclusive of incisors), 9.9 (9). Eeiiiin-kx. — The most prominent character of this species is tlie regu- lar spacing of the upper incisors. The color is darker than tliat of the Mexican animal, in wliich the peculiar bluish cast is quite absent. In L. niridix the legs and interfemoral membrane are noticeably sprinkled with hairs 5 mm. in length which produce a distinctly shaggy appear- ance. These hairs are reduced to an inconspicuous pubescense in L. riiritxii/f. *Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male Leptonyderts nivalis from Colima, Mexico. 28— BiOL. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. Vol. XIII. pp. 129 132 April 6, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON EIGHT XEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PLANTS.* 1 r.Y CHARLES LoFlS PoLLAlJI). V '. '^AS- ^ m Lupinus psoraleoides ii. s]). Perennial, 1-li dm. hi.n'h, subacaiilesceiil. wilii a multicipital caudex and slender woody root: whole plant densely villous with lon.ii- white hairs; leaves lontf-petioled, the blades o-7-foliolate: leaflets oblanceolate, somewhat acute at the apex, 2-8 cm. lonjj-: spike \ery densely flowered, almost sessile, scarcely surpassin,'M)1]. Related to V. I) cm. long, bright blue with darker stripes, within paler and the stripes more conspicuous: lobes of the corolla ovate, slightly mucro- nate, scarcely twice the length of the unequally bidentate sinus-appen- dages: seeds and other floral characters as in (S. Elliottik Type in the herbarium of Cohimbia University, collected by Mr. A. M. Huger near Waynesville, N. C, September and October, 1896. Spec- imens of this and other southern gentians were very kindly sent to me for determination by Dr. John K. Small. The species is very nearly re- lated to G. Ellidttii, but differs in. the more acute corolla-lobes, the ab- sence of fimbriation on the sinus-plaits of the corolla, and the short, narrow calyx-lobes. Chrysopsis latisquamea n. sp. Perennial by offshoots, erect, 4-."> dm. high, the foliage and lower por- tion of the stem clothed with a loose white arachnoid tomentum; basal leaves rosulate, oblanceolate or spatiilate, obtuse, the margins entire; stem leaves sessile, linear or linear-oblong, the upper becoming small and bract-like; inflorescence cymose, the branches glandiilar-pubescent, each terminated bv a single large head 14 cm. high; in\olucre broadlv \'d'2 Pollard — New Species of Xorth Aiitirican Planfs. campanulate; bracts ovate-lanceolate, more or less herbaceous,, glandu- lar, the innermost longest: rays bright yellow, linear, 1 cm. long: pap- pus copious, yellowish-white, tJie outer series of bristles very short and capillary, the inner minutely setulose: achene 2 mm. long, fusiform, slightly compressed, villous, with S-IO salient longiUulina] ribs: recepta- cle strongly alveolate. Type in U. S. National Herbarium, collected by Miss Marie ]\Ieislahn at Clarcona, Florida, (No. 150), and communicated by Mr. A. J. Pieters, who has kindly placed in my hands for determination a large collection of Florida plants. This Chrysopsis differs from ('. pifoxti (Walt.) Britton (('. (/iisxiipiiiK Nutt.) to which it is most nearly related, by the broad involucral bracts and many-ribbed achenes. lis involucre is so strikingly peculiar for his genvis that were it not for the similarity of other str\ic- tural characters the plant might be considered a distinct generic type. Solidago Maxoni u. sp. Slender, erect, l-\ m. liigli. tlie slem slriale-groo\ed and ghiiidular- pubescent, particularly above: leaves 5-7 cm. in length, thin, 1-nerved, slightly glandular-pubescent above, iiale and glabrous beneath, the margins entire or exhibiting an occasional serration, lanceolate in out- line, acute or acuminate at apex, tapering at base to a short maigined petiole: lowermost leaves similar in shape, but slender-petioled; upper- most smaller and linear-lanceolate: inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, elongated, 2-3 dm. long, the branches numerous, each bearing from !> to 12 slender-pedicelled heads, the pedicels and branchlets densely strigose- pnbescenl : heads small (5-7 mm. high) the involucre campanulate, with numerous loosely imbricated herbaceous or somewhat scarious obtuse and ciliate-margined bracts: rays about one-half the length of the inner bracts; achene linear, laterally compressed, glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 357,109, collected on Bald Knob, Salt Pond Mountain, Virginia, by Charles L. Pollard and William II. Maxon, August 25, 1899 (No. 71). This Solidago is related to N. ukui- tirolK, of which typical specimens were secured from the same region. The marked glandular pubescence, nearly entire leaves and different type of inflorescence are characters which have warranted its separa- tion. I have taken pleasure in naming it for my companion and asso- ciate. Mr. Maxon. Vol. XIII. pp. 133 135 April 6, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SOME NEW OR NOTEWORTHY LOUISIANA PLANTS.* BY CHARLES LOUIS POLLARD AND ('ARLETOX R. T.ALL The species described below were collected by Mr. Ball in the vicinity of Alexandria, Louisiana, during the summer of 1890. A re])ort on the entire collection is in preparation by Mr. Ball, who has kindly afforded me an ()])portunity of examining with him the nioic interesting portions of his matei'ial. C. L. P. Baptisia Texana (Holziii,<;er), n. comb. Biipiisin lartceolata te.mria Holzinger, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:28(5. Oct. :}], ISIKJ. Plant erect, .5-6 dm. high, the stems freely branching, pubescent; leaves subcoriaceous, nearly sessile, mostly shorter than the internodes: leaflets oblong or obovate, very obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, slightlj' petiolulate, 3-4 cm. long, both surfaces strongly reticulate veined and sprinkled with scattered hairs; flowers. solitary in the upper axils, and also forming short terminal racemes, yellow, 2 cm. long: calyx hirsute, with 5 short teeth: corolla resembling that of B. lnnrtvlat((; legume ovoid, stipitate, villous, 1-1^ cm. long, tipped with the elongated per- sistent style; seeds few, ovoid, 3-4 mm. long. Mr. Holzinger based his variety on Nealley's No. 73, from Texas, the type being in the U. S. National Herbarium. In the course of his de- scription he remarks "The pubescence, including the ovary, the sessile leaves, and the nearly sessile solitary flowers in the axils of the upper leaves of the flowering branches, which are terminated by few-flowered *Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. :w— Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII. 1900. (133) 1 o-l- Pdllii ril (I ikI PkiII — ?\ nf; pedicel rellexed, hispid-pubescent, al)ou< 2 cm. long. ''I\vpe in the V. S. National IIerl)ariuin, collected at Alex;indria, I^a., on a dr\ railroad emhankmeni May 2:5, 1899 by Mr. Hall (No. 4:!1). No. 11!."), a fruit ing specimen, is to l)e referred lu'i'e. The plants were sul)- / Po/luril iiikJ lidll — N^offirorf/n/ LinilsldiHi Pliint.-^. 185 mitted to Dr. P. A. Rydberg for detei-minution, who writes as follows concerning them: "The two specimens of Physalis sent me belong to an undescribed species. It is nearest related to P. virginiana intermedia Rydberg. * * The new species differs from intermedia in the thicker and broader leaves, the fruiting calyx, which is 'angled and more rounded at the base, and in the lack of viscid pubescence. It may also be compared with P. longifolia, but has much shorter and Ijroader leaves and is more pu- berulent. I would be glad to hav'? you describe it as I have verj' little time and pay no attention to any other botany at present except the flora of the Rocky Mountain region." Vol. XIII, pp. 137-150 April 21, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SEVEN NEW RATS COLLECTED BY DR. W. L.\^^''^^^'^\4 ABBOTT IN SI AM.* ' "- ^"" 1 BY GERRIT S. MILLER, .Tk. : Among the mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott during a second ex))edition to Siam, and ])resented to the United States National Museum are seven large and medium sized species of 3f>/s, all of which appear to be new. They were secured in the mountains of Trong, a small state subject to Siam and sit- uated on the west side of the Malay Peninsula about 500 miles north of Singaj)ore. KEY TO THE RATS OF TRONG. f Hind foot about 50 mm.; skull about 55 mm. Tail much longer than head and body: back and sides I strongly ochraceous Mux vodferans. Tail about equal to head and body: back and sides not i ochraceous. ! Fur connposed almost exclusively of fine, grooved bristles; ear longer than broad; general color ! above iron gray, beneath dull white Mua ferreocanus. i Fur composed almost exclusively of coarse hairs, with a very few slender grooved bristles inter- I mixed: ear as broad as long; general color grizzled • brown above, pale bulf below Mh>< rtdidus. ' *Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. ; \ExGlusive ot Mus 'alexandrinus.'' ' 31— Biol. See. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. (137) 138 Miller. — Seven New Jiots colJeeted !n Slam. Hind foot less than 40 mm.; skull less than 45 mm. Tail much longer than head and body, dark brown throughout Mus rremoriventer. Tail about equal to head and body, bicolor. Tail slightly shorter than head and body: hind foot less than 30 mm.; fur of belly dusky at base Mui< asper. Tail equal to or slightly longer than head andbody; hind foot more than 30 mm.: fur of belly not dusky at base. Nasals extending conspicuously behind nasal branches of premaxillaries; white of belly broadly continuous over lower leg with that of foot; general color dull ochraceovis Mus peUax. Nasals not extending behind nasal branches of premaxillaries; white of belly usually sepa- rated from that of foot by tawny inner sur- face of lower leg; general color bright ochra- ceous MuH surifer. Mus vociferans sp. nov. Type adult male (skin and skull) No. 80,736 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, I^ower Siam, at about 1000 ft. altitude, February 21, 1899. (JJiartictcrft. — Similar to Muh sabanus Thomas of Borneo, but genera- size slightly greater and color apparently paler and brighter. Antor- bital foramen less constricted below than in M. sahanus and with much wider outer wall. Region about posterior extremity of nasals less ele- vated. Molars relatively larger than in Mus sahanus. Fur. — The fur is composed of three elements: (a) fine, somewhat wooly underfur, plumbeous on the back, white on the belly, (b) coarse terete hairs, and (c) grooved hairs or slender bristles. These all pass by in sensible gradations from one kind to another. On back the hairs and bristles are about 15 mm. in length. Those of rump are not elongated. On belly they are much shorter, scarcely exceeding G mm. Inner sur- face of legs free from bristles. Colirr. — Back and sides ochraceous, everywhere sprinkled with black. The ground color is brightest on back and rump where it approaches orange ochraceous, and dullest on sides where it is very nearly raw sienna. The black is most consiiicuous over lumbar region where it is somewhat in excess of the ochraceovis. Further forward the two colors are about equally mixed. On sides the black is very inconspicuous. Top of head like back, but colors more finely mingled. Cheeks orange buff, very slightly sprinkled with butf posteriorly. Muzzle dull hair brown. Whiskers black. Belly and inner side of legs dull yellowish white to base of hairs; elsewhere the underfur is slate gray. Feet white, irregularly clouded with hair brown. Tail bicolor at base (dark brown above, whitish below) whitish throughout beyond middle. Tail. — The long slender tail of Mus 'mciferans is coarsely, conspicuous- 3f!ll(}'. — Seven N'ev 7\(/fs colJecfed hi Sinm. 139 ly, and uniformly annulated. At middle there are only seven or eight rings to the centimeter. ' The rings are irregularly and inconspicuously marked by cross furrows dividing them into sharply rectangular scales longer than broad. Numerous stiff hairs spring from beneath the free edges of the rings, usually three to each scale. In length they scarcely exceed width of the rings, except near tip where they become longer and less stiff. SkuU.—'nw skull of Mux rociprans (Pis. Ill and IV, Fig. 3) is large, but in proportion to its size not very heavily built. In general appearance it differs only slightly from that of M. xabanus. On comparison it is seen to differ from that of the Hornean .species in less robust rostrum, less elevated frontal region between roots of zygomata, and in the form of the antorbital foramen. This is smaller and more contracted, espec- ially below, and the maxillary plate forming the outer wall is wider and less concave. The front edge of this plate is nearly straight, though slightly convex above. The audital buihe like those of Mux xabanux are relatively \ery small, scarcely more than half as large as in Mux dccum- anus. By this character alone the species may be di.stinguished from the other large rats of the Malay Peninsula. Teeth. — The teeth appear to agree in all respects with those of Mus sabanvs, though I have seen none of the latter lanworn. The enamel pattern is like that of M. decumanus except that there is no trace of ru- dimentary anterior outer tubercle often present in the second upper molar of the houserat. As in this .species the posterior upper molar consists of an anterior inner tubercle followed by a crescentic loop with concavity directed inward. In unworn teeth this loop is normally complete, though in some specimens the posterior limb is divided by a furrow. With abrasion the limbs of the crescent become separated. Front surface of incisors deep orange. Measurements. — External measurements of type: total length, 611; head and body, 229; tail vertebrte, 382: hind foot, 45 (43)*; ear from meatus, 24; ear from crown, 19; width of ear, 18. Seven specimens (including type): total length, 566 (545-611); head and body, 224 (216- 229); tail vertebrae, 342 (323-380); hind foot, 45 (42-48); hind foot without claw, 43 (40-46). Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 56: basal length, 47.6; basilar length, 44.6; palatal length, 25; least width of palate be- tween anterior molars, 5; diastema, 14.8; length of incisive foramen, 8; combined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.8; length of nasals, 21.4; com- bined breadth of nasals, 6.2; zygomatic breadth, 25.8; interorbital breadth, 9; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 20.4; mastoid breadth, 18.8: occipital depth at front of basioccipital, 14; frontopalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 13.6; least depth of rostrum im- mediately behind incisors, 11; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 11.8; width of front upper molar, 3; mandible, 30.6; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 10. *Measurement of hind foot in parenthesis is taken exclusive of claws. 140 Jlille)'. — /Seven JVew Mats collected hi Slam. Specimens examined. — Eight, all taken at or near the type locality. Remarks. — Mus vociferans is the mainland representative of M. sahanus, a rat quite unlike any of the other species known to occur on the Malay Peninsula, and at present recorded from Borneo and the Natuna Islands only. It is a very noisy animal; when trapped its loud cries so quickly attract the smaller carnivores that perfect specimens are with difficulty obtained. Mus ferreocanus sp. nov. Type adult female (.skin and skull) No. 8G,737 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at about 3000 ft. altitude, January 15, 1899. Characters. — Size large (hind foot aboiit 5(5; greatest length of skull, 53) tail slightly longer than head and body, dark brown at base, whitish at tip; ear long and narrow, its length greater than distance from eye to nostril; fur composed almost exclusively of fine grooved bristles: general color above bluish iron gray, beneath pure white: skull with slightly de- veloped supraorbital ridges. Fur. — Underfur rather scant, not at all woolly except on belly. The main bocjy of the fur is composed of fine grooved bristles, those on mid- dle of back about 15 mm. in length. Interspersed with the bristles are a few terete black hairs, 25-30 mm. in length. These are practically confined to the back and rump, and are nowhere conspicuous. Color. — The color of this rat is difficult to describe with accuracy, as the tints cannot be matched in Ridgway's Manual of Colors. The gen- eral effect is a lustrous bluish iron gray, darker along middle of back, paler and slightly drab-tinged on sides; everywhere frosted by the pale glistening tips of the bristles, Avhich produce a sheen varying much with different exposures to light. Cheeks washed with drab gray, muzzle with seal brown. Underparts creamy white, this color extending down inner side of front legs to wrists, and on hind legs nearly to ankles. Fur of dorsal surface gray (Ridgway, PI. II, No. 8) at base, that of under- parts white throughout. Ear dark brown; a small tuft of fine white hairs immediately beneath orifice. Tail dark brown, the terminal fourth dull white. Hind feet uniform sepia. Front feet sepia varied with didl white. Tail. — The moderately long tail of this species is finely, inconspicu- ously and somewhat irregularly annulated. At middle there are twelve rings to the centimeter. The rings are divided by cross furrows into scales longer than broad and with rounded corners. These scales, how- ever, are scarcely noticeable to the unaided eye. The fine stiff hairs that spring from the spaces between the rings are in length abotit one half greater than width of ring, and are apparently not definitely ar- ranged with regard to the scales. Near tip of tail the rings become nar- rower and more indefinite and the hairs longer and less stiff, though without forming any semblance of a pencil. Millar. — Seven Nev^ Rats collected in Slam. 141 Skull. — The skull of Mus ferreocanus (Pis. Ill and IV, Fit,'. 2) thou<,'h of the same general size as that of the other large rats of Trong, is easily recognizable by its shallow, weak rostrum and tapering form as well as by various details in structure. The zygomata are strongly convergent anteriorly, their anterior roots relatively light and little spreading. An- tiorbital foramina small, but less contracted below than in the other species. The plate forming its outer wall is faintly concave on the oviter surface, its anterior border slightly convex from below middle, the straight portion at base sloping distinctly backward. Pterygoids long and straight to the extreme tip, the interpterygoid space narrowing gradually and continuously from behind forward. Audital bulhf much larger than in Mus vocijerans, but not peculiar in form. Interorbital region narrow. Supraorbital ridges low and little developed, much as in Mus bowersi, but traceable along sides of braincase to lambdoid ridge. Teeth. — Molars slightly narrower than in Mus vocijerans, the enamel folds relatively broader, but not essentially different in form. The pos- terior limb of the terminal crescent in the third upper molar is normally divided from the anterior, even in unworn teeth. Lower molars differ- ing in much the same manner as the upper. Incisors relatively weak, their anterior face yellowish ivhite. Measurements. — External measurements of type specimen: total length, 489; head and body, 238; tail vertebrie, 251; hind foot, 5(3 (53); ear from meatus, 27; ear from crown, 21: width of ear, 17. A second adult specimen: total length, 501; head and body, 241; tail vertebrte, 2(50; hind foot, 5(5 (53). Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 53.6; basal length 48; basilar length, 45; palatal length, 25; least width of palate between anterior molars, 5; diastema, 15.8; length of incisive foramen, 9.4; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.8; length of nasals, 22.G; combined breadth of nasals, 5.2; zygomatic breadth, 25.4; interorbital breadth, 8; mastoid breadth, 20.2; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 20; depth of braincase at anterior extremity of basioccipital, 14.6; fron- topalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 12; least depth of ros- trum immediately behind incisors, 8; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 9,4; width of front upper molar, 2.8; mandible, 30; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 9. {Specimens examined. — Three, all from the type locality. Remarks.— Thin species is not closely related to the other rats of the Jlahiy Peninsula: and I am unable to find any description of an animal at all reseinl)ling it among the forms occurring in the East Indian Ar- chipelago. Mus validus sp. nov. Type adull male (skin and skull) No. 8(5,741 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at about 1000 ft. altitude, February 18, 1899. Charavtei's. — A large robust animal in size and general appearance re- sembling Mus bowersi Anderson from liurmah. Fur coarse, but essen- 142 MiUer. — Seven JVe'ir Jittts collecte<7 In Sie; adult female (skin and skull) No. 8G,7G7 United Slates ]Salit)nal Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at an alti- tude of about 1000 ft., February 2, 189!). Characters. — Smaller than ilfHsjerc/on? (hind foot about 28 mm). Tail shorter than head and body, bicolor, but not white at tip. Fur of back very densely set with stiff bristles. General color raw sienna above, dull buff beneath, the/ur everywhere dusky at base; a tawny spot on chest. Skull relatively broader than in Mus jerdoni or M cremoriventer, the ante- rior portion of the zygomata more abruptly flaring and ivliole arcli dispro- poriionally heavy. Fur. — The fur is as in Mus jerdoni and M. cremoriventer, except that the spines are more abundant on back and less numerous on sides and belly. Back with very few long terete hairs. I^egs wholly free from bristles. Color. — General color above raw sienna (slightly paler than Ridgway, PI. V, Fig. 2) fading to light ochraceous on sides. Back, shoulders, neck, and head uniformly clouded or speckled with bister; this and the raw *Pistorted in preparation; measurement probably too long. 146 Miller. — Seven JVew Bats collected in Simn. sienna present in about equal quantities. Bister soon disappearing- on sides and cheel skull of Mils surifer (PI. V, Fig. 4) is conspicuously larger than that of M. jerdoni (PI. V, Fig. 1), though not very different in form. Supraorbital ridges high and continued backward to interparietal, and in old individuals forming a strong postorbital angle. Incisive foramina relatively much shorter and wider than in Mus jerdoni, distinctly wider posteriorly than anteriorly. Miller — Seven Neio Hats collected in Siam. 149 Teeth. — The teeth are relatively broader than in Mas jerd'ini, l)ul in structure they show no peculiarities. Mai.suremeiits. — P]xternal measurements of type: total len: hind foot, .'J8 (3(5): ear from meatus, 21.5; ear from crown, IS; width of ear. lo. Ten specimens (five of each sex) from the type locality a\erage: total length, 372 (35(3-400): head and body, 187 (l;)2-l()7): tail vertebra, 185.5 (175-203); hind foot, 38.(> (3(i-40): hind foot without claws, 35.8 (34-39). Cranial measurments of type: greatest length 4(> (30.())*; basal length, 40 (30); basilar length, 37 (27.(5); palatal length, 19 (14.8); least width of palate between anterior molars, 4.(5 (3.8); diastema, 13.4 (9.4); length of incisive foramen, 7.4 ((5.(5); combined breadth of incisive foramina, 4 (3); length of nasals, 18.(5 (14); combined breadth of nasals, 5 (3.6); zygomatic breadth, 19.8 (15.4); interorbital breadth. 7.(5 ((5): mastoid breadth. 15 (13); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 1(5 (15); depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 12 (10.4); frontopalatal depth at pos- terior extremity of nasals, 9 (8); least depth of rostrum immediately be- hind incisors, 8 ((5.8): maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7 ((i): width of front upper molar, 2 (1.(5): mandible. 24.(5 (18.0): mandibular molar series (alveoli), 7 (5.8). Spenme/i-s c.ravn'ucd. — Twenty-one, all from the type locality. Jteinarkx. — Mu^ Kurifer is somewhat closely related to ^f^^s jerdoni, though immediately distinguishable by its much greater size. Two adult specimens of the latter measure: total length, 325 and 322; head and body, 200 and 192: tail vertebrte, 125 and K'.O: hind foot, 31.5 (30.5) and 30.5 (29.5); ear from meatus, 19 and 19; ear from crown, 1(5 and 16; width of ear, 14 and 13. Externally >¥m.v .*«/■//>?' is probably mvich like the 15ornean Mux rajah Thomas; but the skull is considerably smaller. Some of the cranial measurements of the type of Mux rajah are: greatest length, 51; basilar length, 41; zygomatic breadth, 22; nasals, 19; dias- tema 14.5 *Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult specimen of Mus jerdoni from Mount Mooleyil, Hurinah. 150 Miller — Seven New Hats collected in Siant. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (All figures slightly less than natural si/e.) Plates III and IV. Fig. 1. Mus vulidufi. Type. Fig. 2. Musfcrrcocanvn. Type. Fig. 3. Mun vociferan^. Type. Fig. 4. Mvf< Ixnccrxi. Adult male, Yado, Uurmah (fJenoa Museum). Plate V. Fig. 1. Mux jerdoyii. Adult female No. 101,520, United States National Museum. Mount Mooleyit, Burmah. Fig. 2. Mus cremoriventer. Type. Fig. 3. Mus usper. Type. Fig. i. Mus surifer. Topotype. No. 86,760, United States National Museum. (A much younger .specimen than 1 hat of M. jcrdoui. ) PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. XIII, 1900 PL. Ill 1. Mus validus. 2. Mils ferreocanus. 3. Mus vociferans. 4. Mus bowei'si. PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. XIII, 1900 PL. V 1. Mus jerdoni. 2. Mus cremoriventer. 3. Mus asper. 4. Mus surifer. Vol. Xltl. pp. 151 152 June 13, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW MAMMALS FROM CALIFORNIA. 1!Y ('. HART MEUUIAM. Sciuropterus oregonensis Stephens! subsp. nov. CALIFORNIA t'OAST FLYIN(4 SQUIRREL. Type from Slierwood, Mendocino Co., Calif, (alt. 2500 ft.) No. 09,830 ? yj,'. ad., C. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected May 10, 1894, by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2;307. Chdrdcttrs. — '^\m\\-A\ io oregonenxis hwi smaller and paler; underparts and underside of tail without trace of fulvous suffusion. Slcull smaller; occipital region much more strongly decurved; frontals narrower inter- orbitally and broader posteriorly: nasals and premaxillte narrower pos- teriorly. M('nsur(iiie)itx. — Type specimen. 9 ad: Total length 277; tail vertebrte i:n; hind foot 37. lU'iiiarhx. — In coloi'ation tliis subspecies resembles kldiiKdlioiKix much more closely than orctjonenKU, but it is slightly darker than Jdamathends and has much smaller ears and audita! bulhe. Procyon pallidus sp. nov. DESKKT RACCOON. Type from New River. Colorado Desert, Calif. No. 99,272 9 ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected Oct. 10, 1899 by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2246. C'!i(irn('tefx. — Size medium: coloration luiiForm pale gray, very much paler ai\d grayer than any other known form; head markings relatively narrow, tlie dark dividing the wiiite bar between the eyes less distinctly black than in the other species. There is no yellowish suffusion in the pelage anywhere, not eNen on the tail. The tail rings may be traced all :«— Bioi, Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. (151) 152 Merriam — NeAi': Harvest ^MoiiKt- from Jlr.ricc. the way around although the basal ones on the underside are very in- distinct. Cranial clufrarters. — Skull similar in general tollial of pxura, resem- bling it much more closely than that of JirriKduhzi. It differs from 2')xara, however, in having the jugal much narrower below the orbit, and in having the lower premolars larger and more crowded. The fourth lower premolar in particular is much more swollen than in pnora. MeasitremenU. — (Type specimen, 9- '« flesh:) Total length 855; tail vertebrte 295; hind foot ]2cS. DESC^RIPTION OF A NEW HARVEST MOUSE (KEITIIRODONTOMYS) FROM MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Reithrodontomys chrysopsis sjj. nov. Type from Mt. Popocatapetl, Mexico. No. 52,031 rj" ad. U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey ('oil. Collected Feb. 25, 18!)3 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Orig. No. 4405. Characti'Va. — Size small; ears large and moderately haired; tail very long, slender and well haired; fur long and very soft; color golden-yel- lowish. Color. — Upperparts from nose to tail rich bright golden-yellowish, somewhat darkened on back and rump by admixture of black hairs; underparts whitish suffused with pale salmon fulvous; ears and ankles- dusky; fore aiul hind feet white; tail sharply bicolor: above dusky, be- low white. Cratdid r/a/?v/r/rr.s-.-— Skull small and frail; braincase papery, in- flated, subglobular posteriorly and everywhere well rounded; interorbital region narrow, without trace of supraorbital beads; zygomata slender but strongly notched by antorbital slits; rostrum small and very nar- row; audital bulhe rather small; incisive foramina very long, cutting' plane of first molars, and of even breadth throughout. Mea8uremenU. — Type specimen: Total length 1!)4: tail vertebrae 108; hind foot 21. Average of two specimens from type locality: Total length 185.5; tail vertebvie 100; hin-d foot 20.5, Vol. XIII. pp. 153-158 June 13, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW MAMMALS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 1!Y F. STEPHENS. Perognathus panamintinus arenicola subsp. nov. Typf from San Felipe Narrows, San Diego Co., California. No. 90,828, (f , U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected April 11, 1892 by F. Stephens. Orig. No; 20r)(i. Chai'dcierK. — Similar to P. panamintinus bangsi but paler and whiter: mastoids greatly swollen and projecting much further back than the occiput; interparietal very small. ^ Measurements. — Total length, 141: tail vertebne, 82: hind foot, 19. Myotis californicus pallidus subsp. nov. Ti/jie from Vallecito, San Diego Co., California. No. 99,829, ^, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected April 1, 1895 by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2498. Characters. — Size small; wings short, wing membrane thin and light; ears small: general appearance delicate, color very pale: light ochraceous buff or brownish cream bviff; below dull white: basal part of pelage above and below blackish. Measurements. — Total length, 80; expanse, 208: tail vertebrae, 42; ear, 11: thumb, 4: forearm. 80; tibia, 15. ;«— Bioi.. Sof. Wash. Voi,. XIII. 190(i. (153) In4 (4(iiir<(l Xotcx. (GENERAL NOTES. The Vespertilio concinnus of Harrison Allen. Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone I have recently had the opportunity to examine the bats on which Harrison Allen based the name VexpertiUo ronrinnu.'i (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1806, p. 280). The specimens, two in number, are in alcohol, and labeled "San Salvador, Dr. J. Leidy." Though much faded in color they are clearly referable to Myotis tiif/rira/iK (Maximilian), or at least to that form of the species occuring in Columbia and southern Mexico. The name conriii- nus is therefore a synonym of nigricans unless the bat to which it was applied should eventually prove to be distinct from the true nig?'iran.s of Brazil, specimens of which I have not seen. In that case it would be tenable for the northern animal. — Gern'f S. Miller. Jr. The generic name Evotomys not invalidated by Anaptogonia. In a posthumous paper on the fauna of the Port Kennedy bone fissure (Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 2d Ser. NI, p. 201) Cope .substi- tuted the name Audptogonia Cope 1871 based on a fossil Microtine rodent for EvotiDiiys Coues 1874 originally applied to the Redbacked Mice. The change was made on accoinit of the supposed generic identity of the fossil and living animals. Through the courtesy of Mr. AVitmer Stone I have recently had an opportunity to examine two specimens of Anap- togonia from the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This material shows that Aini}it()g()ni((, i\\\\\(>\_vj:\\ provided with rooted molars, is in no way closely related to Erofonigs. The teeth are as large as in Mirrotiix {Neofiber) alleni, and the enamel pattern is characterized by acute angularity. The genus thus resembles the ^'Arviroln intermedium''^ of Newton and the Dolinnys of Nehring. Therefore the name Epotomys as applied to the Redbacked Mice is in no way invalidated by the i^re- vious publication of Atiajifngo/ifd. — Gerrit S. Afillrr. Jr. Note on Micronycteris brachyotis (Dobson) and M. microtis Miller. In describing a bat from Cireytown, Nicaragua, under the name Afi- cronyrterin iHirroti,s (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p. :!28), I overlooked the fact that Dobson had previously (Proc. Zool. Soc London, 1878, p. 880) described a member of the same genus from Cayenne, French (Juiana, as SrJiizoxtovm Irachyote, a name not cited in Ti-oues- sart's 'Cataiogus.' The two animals are evidently much more distinct from each other than the similarity of their specific names would at first suggest. AfirmuyrU'riK brarhyotiK is, with the exception of Af. behnii, one of the largest species of the genus (forearm 40 mm.), while M. mirrotix is among the smalle.st (forearm )il). In .)/. hrttrliynlis the (jfeneral Xotcs. 1A5 uprijihl portion of the noseleaf is "much narrower than the horse- shoe," and the prominences on the chin are of very peculiar form. In M. microtia the uprijj;ht portion of the noseleaf is fully as wide as the 'horse-shoe,' and the prominences on the chin are exactly as in normal members of the genus. — (Wrrit N. Milhr. Jr. The systematic name of the Cuban red bat. In Ivumon de la Sagra's Historia Fisica Politicay Natural de la Isla de Cuba, III, p. 32, 1845, Gervais describes the cuban red bat as Vespertilio blo.ssci'iUii. Publication of the name he attributes to Lesson and Garnot, "Bull. Sc. Nat. VIII, p. 1)5." This reference I have not been able to verify, but it luiquestionably antedates the publication of Gundlach's name AtaUiphd pfeiffcri (1S()1) by si.Kteen years. The animal should therefore be known as Lifxiiirus hlmon'rilUL — Gcrrif S. Milhr, Jr. Note on the Vespertilio blythii of Tomes.* In 1S,')7 Tomes published a description of the Indian representative of Myolis mi/iitix under the name Venpertilio bltftldi (Proc. Zool. fioc. Lon- don, IS.TT, p. 53). Ilecent authors have without exception regarded the animal as identical with the European form. A specimen collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Kashmir (9 adult No. fl|i| United States National Museum) shows, however, that this view is not correct, and that Myotix bljithii is a well characterized species, readily distinguishable from M. vtyotixhy its shorter ears, much smaller audital bulhe, and by a peculiar- ity in the form of the maxillary molars. In these teeth the protocone is lower and further removed from the paracone than in M. myotix, a character which is at once appreciable when the teeth of the two species are viewed in profile from the front. This peculiarity is evi- dently of considerable importance, as I can find no appreciable variation ill the form of the molars among a large number of European speci- mens of ^f. myotix. — (hn-rif S. .]fi//rr. J)'. The Scotophilus pachyomus of Tomes a valid species. l)escril)ed in 1S.")7 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 50) from specimens taken in India the Srntop/iilux jiiic/zynmi/x of Tomes has of recent years been regarded as inseparable from the European Serotine Bat (see Dobson, C'atal. C'hiropt. lirit. Mus., p. 1!M, and Blanford, Mamm. Hrit. India, p 303). Two individuals taken by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Vale of Kashmir and now in the United States National Museum (Nos. |if§t and ^lyii";) agree in all respects with the characters given by Tomes and *This note and the four following are published here by permission of the Secretarv of the Smithsonian Institution. 15(5 (ii'in-i'dl jV(>ff\^. show that the animal differs widelj' from Vespertilio .serotinv,s. It is slightly larger than the European species, (forearm 52, foot 12 (10.4), tibia 22.4), the skull is broader anteriorly, the crowns of the upper molars are less narrowed on the lingual side and the color is much paler. Fur very silky in texture, about 3 mm. in length at middle of back. Hairs of dorsal surface light broccolibrown from base nearly to tip, then dark sepia, followed by silvery gray at extremity. The colors blend insensibly into each other, and the whitish tips of the hairs pro- duce a frosted effect nearly as distinct as that in V. rnurinus. Fur of ven- tral surface very pale ecru drab at base, fading to whitish gray at tip; a fairly defined line of demarkation between colors of upper and lower surfaces. These characters are suflicient to distinguish Vexpertilio pachyomuii specifically from V. serotinus. — Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. A Bat of the genus Lichonycteris in South America. Lichonycteris obscuri/s, the only known representative of its genus, was described in 1895 from a single adult female taken at Managua, Nicaragua (Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 0th ser., XVI, pp. 55-57, July, 1895). While identifying some old skins in the United States National Museum I recently found a specimen of this species labeled "Surinam, Edw. Koebel." It is without further history except that it was entered m the Museum register, as No. 14815 on March 6, 1885. The known range of the genus is thus greatly extended. In all respects the Surinam specimen exactly agrees with the character given in the original description. — Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The systematic name of the large noctule bat of Europe, The first notice of the Large Noctule of southern Europe appears to have been published in 1869 by Fatio in the first volume of the "Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse. Here specimens taken in the trunk of a tree near Amsteg, Canton of Uri, Switzerland, were recorded as [ I'(.v- peruf/o nortidd] var. vn(.viina (Mammiferes, p. 57). More recently the animal has been considered identical with the Pterygistes lasiopten/s of China and Japan (For references see Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, I, p. 111). Two specimens from Pisa, Italy, recently obtained by the United States National Museum differ noticeably from a pair of P. l(is-i- optents collected some years ago by Mr. P. L. Jouy at Fusan, Corea. They are distinctly larger (forearm, (^, 65, 9. 68, instead of c^, 60, 9. 61), and the skull, in addition to its larger size (greatest length 22 instead of 20.4), differs in its more tumid rostrum, broader anterior nares, and narrower interpterygoid space. The European animal which in all probability is specifically distinct from Pteryj/istr.s hi.Kiojtteriis .should be known as Pteryf/i.'ritton iV; Small. From these omissions I inler that their collections were not published or widely distributed. Professor Ward tells me that when he and Dr. Morong were approach- ing the "Chesapeake City" station, he remarked that "that is a regular ranunculaceous i^ool." So it proved, for, besides />\ Itcdtritccum they collected RanuncHliiK piixillm^ and two other species. With these two limited areas for the adopted habitat of this species it was a surprise to Mr. W. M. Pollock and myself, on May G, 1900, to find siaecimens bearing flowers and fruit, in a lai-ge swamp bordering the Patuxent River at the mouth of its AVestern Branch, practically at the head of navigation. There were two distinct patches of the plant, one rather badly cut up by the passage of teams over a temporary farm road. The patches were growing in standing water about two inches: deep, over a thin deposit of humus upon compact marl. In Britton & Brown's Illustrated Flora (Vol. II: 84) the season of llow- ering is given as ",lune to August." The plants collected by Britton A: Small were barely in flower on May 26. Professor Ward's specimens were barely in fruit on May 12. The plants from the new station were in full bloom and ripe fruit. These fruits probably could not have matured from flowers which were in anthesis later than the last week in April. WMth this collection, then, the range is increased and the known period of blossoming lengthened. Dr. Britton writes me that the habit of the plant at Virginia Beach has led him to expect it elsewhere along tide-water areas. We shall in- tere.stedly await news of other stations. — E. L. Morris, Dcpf. of Biohigy^ Wi(.s/iiit(jfoN ITiyJi Schools. Change of name. Baptisia confusa Pollard and Ball, nom. nov. n. Ti-.vono Pollard and Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. AVash.. i:!:i;;:',. April (i. 1900. B. lonceolatu te.r/ntu Holzinger, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 1:280. Oct. ai, 1893. Not B. Texana Buckley, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., 452. 18(52. Through inadvertence, Mr. Hol/inger's variety was elevated to specific rank in ignorance of the fact that the name Te.vana was applied many years ago by Buckley to another .species. Our attention has been con- siderately called to the error by Dr. B. L. Robinson.~r7/r^//,.s- l.iuiix Poh aril, Carh'ton It. Ball. Vol. Xlli. pp. 159 162 October 31, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A SECOND COLLECTION OF BATS FROM THE ISLAND OF CURACAO.* BY GERIIIT S. MILLER, Jk. Mr. Leon J. Guthrie, United States Weather Observer at WiHemstad, Curayao, "West Indies, has recently sent to the United States National Museum a second collection of bats pre- served in formalin, f Three species are added to the known fauna of the island, thoug-h two of those previously obtained, Mi/otis neso2whis and Leptonycteris ciirasow, are not represented. The number of bats recorded from Cura9ao is thus raised to six, all of which are so far as known peculiar to the island. Glossophaga elongata Miller. Twenty-seven specimens, taken from caves and rock tissues in differ- ent parts of the island, but chiefly from a large cave at Hatto, a country estate about thirty miles from WiHemstad. Among the fifty-six in- dividuals of this species examined four have the incisors noticeably de- fective, while in only one of these are the teeth absent. This condition is in marked contrast with that recently observed by Dr. J. A. Allen in a series of thirty-four specimens of the closely allied Glossophaga lo)igi- *Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. •{•For account of the first collection, see Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xiii, pp. 123-127, April 6, 1900. 34— BiOL. Soc. V^ASH. Vol. XIII, 1900. (159) IGO Miller — Second Collection of Bats from Curacao. rostris of Colombia. Here the incisors were absent in about one-third of the individuals, and the full set was present in less than one-half.* Mormoops intermedia sp. nov. ■ Type adult female (in alcohol) No. 103,174 United States National Museum, collected in cave at Hatto, on north coast of Curasao, "West Indies, April 29, 1900. Characters. — Similar to the Mexican Monnooiis meg/.s It is immediately distinguishable by the conspicuously swollen sides of the rostrum. The intiation involves the maxillary bones from anterior edge of orbit almost to nares, and from near edge of toothrow to nasals. As the nasals retain the normal form they appear to occupy the floor of a broad, shallow, longitudinal groove. In the type the braincase rises above the dorsal plane of the rostrum at an angle of 50°, in a second specimen at an angle of 58°. In two specimens of N. siramineuH the angle is respectively 34° and 40°. In both specimens of Natalus tumidiro.stris the bony palate terminates on each side at the plane of the postero-internal angle of the crown of the second, molar. In the median line it is continued slightly further back along palatal face of vomer. The resulting form is strikingly different from that of the palate in other members of the genus. It is possible, however, that the palate is normal and that its peculiarity in the two specimens is the result of injury. As both skulls were cleaned by an experienced preparator there seems little probability that the palate was originally of the usual form. , Teeth. — The dentition is throughout heavier than in N. stramineufi, and the form of the individual teeth differs in many important details. Cani^nes and incisors as in N. stramineus. Relative size of upper pre- molars as in N. stramineus, that is the crown area decreasing regularly from third to first, the latter equal to about one-half former, but cusp of first slightly longer than that of second. In each tooth the transverse diameter is greater relatively to the longitudinal diameter than in the Mexican animal. Upper molars broader than in N. strqmi?ievs, the posterior commissure of protocone of first and second di.'i A. (J. Rehn. On the recent Occurrence of the Black Rat in Eoston, Massachusetts. Under date of July 11, 1900, Mr. Frank Blake Webster, of Hyde Park, Mass., wrote me as follows: "About a year ago, a young man who lived in Boston said there were black rats in a store there. A\"e had him ob- tain a specimen, which was mounted, and which we still have. During the many years that I have been engaged in business in the city of Bos- ton I have never seen one". The specimen was sent to me and identified as J!f«.y rattu.s by Doctor J. A. Allen and myself. — Edgar A. Mearns. Note on Dipodomys Montanus Baird. Among the mammal types treasured in the collection of the United States National Museum is the type of Baird's Dipodomys montanus, originally described in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, in 185.3, but figured and more fully elaborated in that author's Mammals of North America, published in 18.57. This well- marked species proves on comparison to be strictly identical with Dipo- domys elator Merriam, named and described in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of "Washington, in 1894, from specimens taken at Henrietta, Clay Co., Texas, about 450 miles southeast of Fort Massa- chusetts. The synonomy of Dipodomys montanus will therefore be as follows: Dipodoinys montanus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., April, 1855, p. 334 (Fort Massachusetts). Dipodomys ordii var. montanus Baird, Mamm. North America, 1857, pp. 410, 411, 757, 762, pi. Ixxxiii, fig. 4, a, h, c (teeth of type — No. Jf»V' ^ youngish adult). Tyjie collected by Captain E. G. Beckwith, near Fort Massachusetts ("N. M. — On head of Rio Grande, in San Luis valley. Altitude, 8,365 feet. Latitude, 37° 32^; longitude, 10.5° 23^"). Dipinhnnys elator Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. ix, p. 109, ,Tnne 21, 1894 (type from Henrietta, Clay Co., Texas). Edgar A. Mearns. 168 General N'otes. Remarks on an unusually large Marine Lobster caught off Newport, Rhode Island. I am indebted to Mr, Charles E. Ash, of Newport, for the opportunity of examining a lobster of unusually large size, taken off the island of Rhode Island, June 10, 1900, by a fisherman who was trawling' for cod, using a line to which many hooks were attached. Lobster-pots are too small for the capture of very large lobsters. This one weighed 27 pounds, and ranks with the largest examples of its species. The crush- ing claw is on the left side. This lobster is normal and perfect in all its parts. In the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natviral History, N. Y., (Vol XII, pages 191-194, plate IX, published December 30, 1899), Professor R. P. Whitfield published a description and measure- ments of two phenomenally large lobsters, captured off Atlantic High- lands, New Jersey, during the spring of 1897. For convenience of com- parison, I have followed the measurements of these two specimens, as taken by Doctor E. O. Hovey of the American Museum, presenting those of the present specimen in the third column (No. 3), Nos. 1 and 2 being those from New Jersey. MEASUREMENTS OP THREE LARGE LOJBSTEKS. No. 1. No. 2. No.3, mm. mm, mm. Length of carapace, including rostrum, along median line, ". 257 280 270 Circtimference of carapace behind second pair of legs, 268 486 493 Length of abdomen to point of telson 300 311 310 Breadth of tail, 230 223 270 Large chelate limbs: right side, length of first two joints... 160 165 186 " third joint 120 122 116 " fourth joint 3()() 365 370 " thumb 145 201 198 " circumference of third joint 236 248 215 " ' circumference of fovirth joint 442 348 310 " length of whole limb . . 570 610 525 left side, length of first two joints 171 183 186 " third joint 118 124 109 "fourth joint 360 375 360 " thumb 198 155 162 " whole limb 580 615 523 " circumference of third joint 237 263 255 " circumference of fourth joint 339 491 425 Entire length as mounted 920 1005 960 (jx'urnd Xofi^s. 169 "Leng-lh oT aiitonnu- exceeds 400 mm." "The right limb bears the crushing- chiw in No. 1, but llie left limb bears it in No. 2. The weight of No. 1 when caught was said to be :{1 pounds; that of No. 2 was said to be 34 pounds." In No. ',\ (from Newport), the antennse measured ooO mm. in length. Distance from rostrum to end of tail, 555. Greatest exjianse of chelate limbs, 1025. Mr. Charles E. Ash has presented this specimen to the United States National Museum, at Washington. — Kih/dr A. Menrns. A new southern Violet.* Viola Alabamensis Pollard, n. sp. Acaulescent, of dwarf and spreading habit, from slender nearly ver- tical rootstocks; leaves small, sparingly hirsute, the blade cordate, sub- orbicular, 1.5 to 2 cm. in length, the slender petiole as long' or twice as long; flowering scapes greatl.y exceeding the foliage (7 to 8 cm. long) the tloMer purple, 2.5 cm. in diameter; petals broadly oblong, the margins obscurely erose or fimbriate: sepals small, ovate-lanceolate: cleistoga- movis flowers and fruit not obser\ ed. Type in the herbarium of Dr. Charles Mohr, collected by Dr. Denny at Sucksville, Washington County, Alabama, in 1852. Specimens col- lected by Dr. Mohr himself at Cullman, Alabama, March 22, 1889, are obviously also to be referred here. The habitat is stated by Dr. Mohr to be "dry open copses" and the plant is evidently confined to the upland portions of the state. Though related to V. villoaa Walt., and V. niro- linn (treene it suggests neither in habit or floral characters. — Charles Louis Pollard. The correct name for the eastern form of the Fox Squirrel {Srhtrus liidonnan us). In the x\nnals and Magazine of Natural History for 1867 (3d ser., xx, p. 425), Dr. J. E. Gray described 3/c/r-n>,r;/.v ncglectus based on the skin of a female in the British Museum. The habitat was given as 'North Amer- ica'.'' and Dr. Gray added to the imperfect description the remarks that it was 'A heavy animal as large as ^V. rulpinus and Sr. nnereux, very like the latter,' &g. While preparing my 'Revision of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central *Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. 17() (Tcntral ^otrx. America, ^ 1 found it necessary in several cases to apply to Mr. Oldtield Thomas of the British Museum for information concerning the speci- mens CJray had in liand when preparing his brief descriptions. Mr. Thomas very Ivindly loolved up Gray's types and gave me exactly the in- formation necessary to settle the status of various species. Among others I asked about Gray's Macrcvus ncylectux and Mr. Thomas wrote that the type of this species (No. 44.5.29.9 of the British Museum regis- ter) is a common fox scjuirrel of the cinereun type and is enlered as hav- ing been collected at Wilmington, Delaware, by H. Doubleday. Mr. Thomas adds that 'Gray did not trouble to look out the locality in the register' and thus accounts for the indefinite locality given. In Mr. O. Bangs' 'Review of Scjuirrels of Eastern North America'- the fox squirrel of the northeastern United States is described as Sciiwt^x ludovicianux vicitmK with the type from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Gray's Mnrro.vux neyUctus came from the midst of the range given by Mr. Bangs for his *S'. I. viciiiuH and it follows therefore that the fox squirrels from Northern Virginia to Southern New Vork and New England should be called Sciurus ludorirUtnuK neglectus (Gray). — E. W. NeUon. iProc. Wash. Acad. Sci., I, pp. 15-100. 1899. ^Proc. l^iol. Soc. Washington, X, 150 (Dec. 28, 18!)ti). Vol. XIII, pp. 171-182 October 31, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SOME PLANTS OF WEST VIRGINIA. BY E. L. MORRIS. During July and August, 1900, in company with Messrs. Hay, Holt, Miller, Roller and Sterrett, of the United States Fish Commission, to whose aid he is indebted in no small de- gree, the writer botanized a little in that part of West Virginia which is south of the (Treenbrier, New and Kanawha Rivers and east of a northeast and southwest line bisecting the state lengthwise. This portion of West Virginia comprises Sum- mers, Monroe, Mercer, McDowell, Wyoming and Raleigh Counties, given in the order of travel. The nature of these counties is very mountainous, though no very high altitudes are reached, the extremes of the points visited being 975 feet at laeger, McDowell County, and 3700 feet on East River Moun- tain, between Mercer County, West Virginia, and Bland Coun- ty, Virginia, while there are points reaching slightly over 4100 feet. Though the larger rivers trend in a westerly or north- westerly direction there are no definite chains of inountains in these counties extending for more than a few miles, their ranges being abruptly cut off by river tributaries of all sizes. These small streams flow from all directions through such short and deep valleys that the whole country is choppy. The advantage to the botanist therefrom is the abundance of variety in the di- 37— Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, liK)0. (171) 172 Mo rr in— Some Plaiitfi of ^V('Kf M/y/i/iio. rection of surface exposiire, of springs and small streams, of sandstone and limestone cliff and talus formations, of vast forest tracts not until the present falling to the axe, and of oc- casional stretches, narrow to be sure, of bottom-land along the larger streams. The great impression is that of many mountains for the most part well timbered. The impression from minute characters is that there is a constant supply of moisture. Al- though the Summer of 1900 was so dry that many springs and streams reputed to be constant went dry, the mountains not yet deforested were covered with a rich, moist liimius; the rocks were hidden under mosses and lichens till the surface looked like a vast tapestry; the fields and open hillsides, exposed to the sun, supj)orted everywhere between the stems and roots of higher plants a filling of mosses and liverworts. These condi- tions are traceable to the nightly enveloping of every summit and the filling of every valley with clouds. In making the following records and collections, the writer practically was limited by other requirements to the country immediately adjacent to the roads traversed from camp to cam'p, along a few of the streams, and to only three summits of moun- tains. Mr. \Vm. R. Maxon of the National Herbarium has kindly determined and described as new a subspecies of Poly- podium. The object of publishing this list, containing forty-seven species unreported from West Virginia, and two new sub- species is to show the need of very active collecting in the ex- treme southern part of the State to ap])roximately complete the knowledge of its flora.* Thallophyta. Myxomycetes. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) MacR. (Determined by O. F. Cook.) Along Delashmeet Creek, Mercer County,^ altitude 2090 feet, July 25, 1900 {Morris, 946). Physakum kufipes (A. & S.)Mor^an. (Determined by (). F. Cook.) Along Tugg Creek, Hinton, Summers County, July 10, 1900 [Morris, 945). *Consult Millspaugh and Nuttall, Field Columbian Museum Publica- tion 9. Jtot. Ser. i, 2 (Flora of West Virginia), 1890. Jforriti — >So7ne Phoifs of ^Vc^t Mrr/hihi. 1*73 Stemonitis Smithii MacB. (Determined by MacBride.) As tlie tirsl {Morris, 94!)). Lycogala conicum Pars. (Determined by (). F. Cook.) As above {Morris, 947). Lycoperdaceae. Geaster nvGROMETRicus Pers. Along Horsepen Creek, McDowell County, July 30-August 1, 1900 {Morris, 1105a). Ascomycetes. DiMEROSPOKIUM COLLIXSII (S.) TliUm. On CurpiiiUK CciToliniana, Kegley, Mercer County, July 27, 1900 {Morris, 1078). Discolichenes. Cladonia sylvestris L. On the mountain between Barrenshe Creek and Dry Fork, McDowell County, altitude 1700 feet, August (3, \\)0Q {Morris, no:!). Bryophyta. Jungermanniaceae. (Determined by M. A. Howe.) Lejeunea luceks Tayl. On dripping limestone along Horsepen Creek between McDowell County, West Virginia, and Tazewell County, Virginia, alti- tude 18.50 feet, July 31, 1900 [Morris, 1116b). Anthpceraceae. Anthoceros laevis L. On dripping limestone along the Guyandot River below Baileys- ville, AVyoming County, altitude 1200 feet, August 15, 1900 {Morris, 1221). Bryaceae. (Determined by Mrs. E. (i. Britton.) DiCRANUM Drummondii Muell. On the mountain between Barienshe Creek and Dry Fork, Mc- Dowell County, altitude 1700 feet, August 0, 1900 {Morris, 11(55). Bryum roseum Schreb. Along Horsepen Creek, McDowell County, July 31, 1900 {Mor- ris, 1119). PoGONATUM brevicaule Beauv. North slopes on Road Run, AVyoming County, August 12, 1900 {Morris, 1176). Rhynchostegium rusciforme B. A: S. See under Bri/um roseum {Morris, 1117). 174 3Iorn's — Some Pluiifti of AVest ^^ir;/>ta'(f. Pteridophyta. Polypodiaceae. Polypodium vulgare oreophilum Maxon, subsp. nov.* Rhizoma slender, extensively creeping, covered thickly with spreading chatT: stipe 5 to 8 inches long, greenish to stra- mineous; laminae very dark green above, lighter below, 7 to 11 inches long, 2i to 4 inches broad: pinnae distant from once to twice their width, broadest in the middle and tapering to an acute apex, the margin doubly crenate or occasionally nearly entire, the base broadly decurrent, veins sinuous and promi- inent in drying, the veinlets usually forking twice: tip of lamina long acuminate, as in /••. fakaium; sori very large, often irregularly disposed. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, collected by E. L. Morris, No. 1215, on rocks, along the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming County, W. Va., alt. 1100-1250 feet, August 13-19, 1900. This fern has already been briefly characterizedf by Dr. Millspaugh as Poli/j^odium Tulgare forma hiserrata (sic). The name biserratum being al- ready preoccupied by a Mexican fern:}: it becomes necessary, in referring to the West Virginian plant, to substitute a new name. In addition I would refer here Mr. Morris' 1207 col- lected near the type station; also Pollard & Maxon's No. 25, collected Aug. 21, 1899, at Quinnimont, W. Ya., which I have previously referred! tentatively to the variety acutum Moore§. From anitum it differs in the narrower and more spatulate pinnae, and commonly in the double crenation, for acutvm is normally with entire, or at most slightly serrulate, pinnae. Mr. Morris states that typical rulgnre was common in the gen- eral region; from this it differs in its much greater size, its scantier foliage, and in the shape of the pinnae. There are in the National Herbarium at least two specimens, collected in West Virginia and North Carolina, which with plants col- lected at Great Falls, Fairfax County, Va., by William Palmer, are to be regarded as intermediate with typical rulgare. Be- cause of these it does not seem best to regard oreophilum as entitled to specific rank. Selaginellaceae. Selaginella apus (L.) Spring. In a luxuriant mass among the grass and shrubs along the edge *Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. fBuU. 24, W. Va. Exp. Sta., p. 479. 1892. XPohipodinm Imcrratnm M. & G. Mem. Foug. Mex. p. 38. 1842, IIFern Bull. 8: .58. 1900. i^Moore, Nat. Pr. Brit. Ferns, i: (53, pi. II, fig. a. 1859, Morris — /Some Plants <>/' TI7.s'/ M'ri/i/n'i/. 175 of an island in the Bluestone River, opposite Delashmeet Creelv Mercer County, altitude 2080 feet, July 37, 1900 {Mor- ris, 1001). i» Spermatophyta. Pinaceae. Tfoiffii Canadensis (L.) Carr. This species with Fagus Americana, Quercus nigra and Quercus alba form the body of the mountain forests. Naiadaceae. POTAMOGETON PECTiNATus L. (Determined by F. V. Coville.) Forming- large masses on the bars of the Greenbrier River at Talcott, Summers County, altitude 1490 feet, August 24, 1900 {Morris, 1342). Vallisneriaceae. Vallisneria spikalis L. Among the pondweeds in the Greenbrier River at Talcott, Sum- mers County, altitude 1490 feet, August 24, 1900 {Morris, 1341). Gramineae. (Determined by Messrs. Ball and Merrill.) Paspalum laeve pilosum Scribn. Along Horse and Hound Creeks, near Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1100-1200 feet, August 20, IdOO {Morris, 1284). Panicum elongatum Pursh. At the edge of thickets along Horse and Hound Creeks, near Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1100-1200 feet, August 20, 1900 {Morris, 1277). Panicum commutatum Schult. In a woodland near Bargers Spring, Summers County, altitude 1500 feet, July 13, 1900 {Morris, 977). Panicum polyanthes Schult. Shaded banks of the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wy- oming County, altitude 1100 feet, August 13. 1900 {Morris, 1186). Panicum nitidum Lam. Along the edge of a meadow at Bargers Spring, Summers Coun- ty, altitude 1500 feet, July 13, 1900 {Morris, 984). Panicum barbulatum Michx. Along Dry Fork above Perry\ille, McDowell County, altitude 1200-1300 feet, August 4, 1900 (Morris, 1139); along the Guy- andot River below Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1100 feet, August 13, 1900 {Morris, 1193). Agrostis canina L. On shaded banks of the Guyandot River below Baileysville, 17t) Jlorn's — /Sotnc Pluiits of West Vir(j!nl((. Wyoming County, allitude 1100 feet, August 13, 1900 (Morr/.s, 1197). Agrostis captli.akis Ti. As the preceding (1197a). Cyperaceae. Cyperus retkofractus (L.) Torr. Along the Uuyandot River below Baileysville, A Vyoming County, altitude 1100 feet, August 18, 1900 {Morn.% VI'Mva). Cyperus filicui.mis Vahl. As the preceding, August 19. 1900 {Morris. 1267). Carex utriculata Boott. In a meadow at Bargers Spring, Summers County, altitude 1500 feet, July 13, 1900 [Morris, 995). Melanthaceae. Uvularia grandiflora J. E. Smith. On a north slope in rich woods along Horsepen Creek between McDowell County, West Virginia, and Tazewell County, Vir- ginia, altitude 1900 feet, July 31, 1900 {Morris, 1110). Betulaceae. Betula nigra L. A tree 14^ 2^'^ in circumference was measured near Bargers Spring, Summers County. Fagaceae. Fagus Americana Sweet. (See under Tsuga Canadensis.) Castanea pumil(( (L.) Mill. A remarkably spreading and symmetrical individual was ob- served in a pasture at Bargers Spring, Summers County. Quercus nigra Tj. (See under Txugu ('mutdcnsis.) Quemts alba L. (See under Tnuga ('((uadenxix.) Aristolochiaceae. AsARUM SnuTTLEWoKTini Ihitten it Baker f. (Determined by C. L. Pollard.) In oak and beech woods near Bargers Spring, Summers County, altitude 15.50 feet, July 13, 1900 {Morris, 980). Polygonaceae. PojAGONUM CRisTATUM Engelm. & Gray. Along the Cnyandot River below Baileysville, AVyoming County altitude 11(IO-12.")0 feet, August 19, 1900 (Morris, 1255). 3I()rris — Some Plaiifx of Wtst Mryhiln. 177 Caryophyllaceae. Silene Virginica L. Growing on a low roadside banl<, fully exposed to the sun, but well supplied with root moisture. Anyrhia dirhotoma Michx. Millspaugh & Nuttall say "This species first appeared at this locality in ISO.i, at the bottom of a newly excavated railroad cut. Had the seeds been buried and dormant?" I should say, no. This species was common with and nearly as abun- dant as the next throughout the above mentioned counties. It is probable that the newly excavated cut proved, perhaps unusually, suitable for the germination of scattering seeds. Anychia Canadensis (L.) B. S. P. Magnoliaceae. Mac/nolia tripetaht L. This and the next species form a very conspicuous part of the forests along Dry Fork and Crane Creek in McDowell County, and along the Guyandot River in Wyoming County. A great many young trees are now filling the places made vacant by the catling of a few selected trees of other species. It is no- ticeable that until these trees reach the age of fiowering and thereafter there is none of the characteristic umbrella-like clustering of the leaves on the axis of the season but they are strongly alternate and distant. This character confuses the species with Magnolia acuminata in the young large-leaved stage, unless the smoothness or pubescence of the leaf-buds be noted. Podostemaceae. PoDOSTEMON Ceratophyllum Michx. Three well marked stages, (a; an entirely sessile growth on new surfaces, (b) matted growth of previous seasons on old sur- faces, with stems an inch or two high, (c) very old masses with stems from five to eight inches high or as long where the cur- rent prevented an erect habit; in the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1100 feet, August 15, 1900 {Morris, 1210). Crassulaceae. Penthorum sedoides L. Very luxuriant specimens three feet and more high were noted in the delta of a spring under limestone cliffs below Baileys- ville, Wyoming County. Rosaceae. Spiraea salicifolia L. Forming a hedge along a woodland swamp between Harvey and Trap Hill, Raleigh County. 178 Morris — Some Plants <>f West Virgi/iia. Geum flavum (Porter) Hicknell. Along Madam Creek opposite Hinton, Summers County, alti- tude 1500 I'eet, July 9, 1900 {Morris, 9(55); along the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1250 feet, August 15, 1900 {Morris, 1218). Agkimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell. In a thicket about a spring nearKegley, Mercer County, altitude 2100 feet, July 21, 1900 {Morris, 1042). Drupaceae. Amygdalus Persica Ij. Several trees were growing in the woods along Dr_y Fork above Peeryville, McDowell County, altitude VMO feet, August 4, 1900 {Morris, 1130). Papilionaceae. Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Kuntze. In woods along Tjaurel Branch east of Oceana, Wyoming Coun- ty, altitude 2000 feet, August 22, 1900 {Morris, 1291). Meibomia Dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze. Locally a very troublesome weed in fields. Hippocastanaceae. ^sculus odandrd Marsh. An immense tree of this species, measuring twenty feet in cir- cumference at the ground, twelve feet at the height of one's shoulder, and nearly if not quite one hundred feet high, stood by the bank of Dry Fork above Peeryville, McDowell County. Violaceae. (Determined by C. L. Pollard.) Viola affinis LeConte. About a spring near Kegley, Mercer County, altitude 2090 feet, July 21, 1900 {Morris, 1046). Viola papilionacea Pursh. On Great Bend Tunnel Mountain, Summers County, altitude 1700 feet, July 14, 1900 {Morris, 1023); along Horsepen Creek, McDowell County, altitude 1900 feet, July 30, 1900 {Morris, 1104). Viola alsophila Greene. As the last number {Mor?-is, 1101); ditto, altitude 1850 feet, {Morris, 1109). Umbelliferae. Sanicula tkifoliata Bicknell. Along Madam Creek ojiposite Hinton, Summers County, alti- tude 1500 feet, July 9, 1900 {Morris, 9(51). Cuscutaceae. CuscuTA arvensis Bey rich. On Aiitliro.sia (irtfvrisidcfoliK in \er\' drv grounds below P>ailevs- 3I(jrris — /Some Phuifx of West VirfjhiUi. 179 ville, Wyoming- County, altitude 1150 feet, August 13-19, 1900 {Morris, 1203a). Boraginaceae. Myosotis lax a Lehm. About a spring near Kegley, Mercer County, altitude 2090 feet, July 21, 1900 {Morris, 1041). Labiatae. Blephilia ciliata (L,) Raf. On dry banks at Bargers Spring, Summers County, altitude 1500 feet, .Tilly 13. 1900 {Morrix, 999): thickets near Kegley, Mercer County, altitude 2100 feet, July 27, 1900 {Morris, 1067). Solanaceae. Solanum CaroUnense L. This species aiid Verbesimt ocrideiitalis were the commonest weeds throughout the range. Plantaginaceae. Plant ago akistata Michx. Previously reported only by State in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 108. Dry meadows near Bargers Spring, Summers County, altitude 1.500 feet, July 13, 1900 {Morris, 983). Campanulaceae. Ca77ipanuln divaricata Michx. Millspaugh & Nuttall mention "the rare Campanula divaricata Mx." among the bell-worts or bellflowers. If the southern counties are to be taken into consideration in rating the oc- currence of species in the State, then this species can not be accounted "rare" for the more rocky hillsides throughout are heavily blue-dotted in the Summer with its delicate panicles. Compositae. Vernonia gigantea pubescens subsp. nov. In gross characters like the species. Reaching 10° or over, more or less pubescent. Leaves thin, lanceolate, acuminate, the upper finely, the lower sharjily doubly serrate, 3'-12^ long, \'-2Y wide, finely pubescent below, somewhat so above; in- florescence open, its branches rather erect, the peduncles bracteate for 2''-5" below the heads; the heads long-peduncled or the centre ones nearly sessile; the bracts greenish purple, acute to short-acuminate, ciliate, erect; corollas light to dark pink, not purple; otherwise as in the species. Collected among plants of the species along Hound Creek, be- low Baileysville, Wyoming County, altitude 1100-1200 feet, August 20, 1900 {Morris, 1274). Type specimen is deposited ^ in the U. S. National Herbarium, 180 3royi-is — Some Phaits <>/ West Vinj! IIKI . Eupntoriinn pnrpiircum L. Xumerous specimens were measured which were over twelve I'eet high. Sekicocakpus linifolius (L.) li. S. P. On dry shaded banks along the road above Hinton, Summers County, altitude 1400 feet, July 7, 1900 {Morris. 950). Aster Claytoni Burgess. Along rocky banks east of Oceana, Wyoming County, altitude 1300 feet, xVugust 22, 1900 {Morri.s, 1294a). Aster sagittifolius Willd. On dry banks between Piney, Kaleigh County, and Jumping Branch, Summers County, altitude 2200-8100 feet, August 24, 1900 (Morris, 1338). GiFOLA Gekmanica (L.) Dumort. Along the road north of Athens, Mercer Cbunty. altitude 2500 feet, July 18, 1900 {Morris, 1034). In preparing this paper the arrangement of the Myxoniycetes is according to McBride; the remaining Thallophytes according to Engler & Prantl; the hepatic Bryophytes according to Mills- pangh & Nnttall; the true mosses according to Lesqiiereux & James; the Pteridophytes and H})ermatophytes according to Britton & Brown. Strong heliotropic movements were observed almost daily in various si)ecies of Oxalis, in Cercis Canadensis, Trofoliurtx du- hium (V), Yitis cordifolia, liobinia Jrisjrida (?), and questiona- bly in Impatiens aurea. These species are quoted in the older of those with the greatest movement to those with the least. Professor C. F. Millspaugh has requested that the following- additions be published in this })aper, so that the report of species new to West Virginia may be as com})lete as possible. It is a pleasure to so publish his list. Fungi. PeKICUAENA KLAVinA Pk. On bark of dead Mfujiiolui Fruxcri, ]S"ut tall burg. — L. W. Nuttall. Zygodesmus tiliaoeus E. & E. On bark of deiul Mf IIV-sY \'lr/ type inhabiting Trong, Lower Siani, differs notably from the Sumatran animal as described by F. Ciivier and as represented by a specimen from Linga Island, off the east coast of Sumatra. As none of the names based on continental specimens a]»pear to be ajtplicable to it, the species may be known as: Trag'ulus canescens sp. nov. Ti/pr. —AauU female (skin and skull) Xo. 83,009, United States Xa- tidiial .Aluseum. Collected in Trong', Lower Siam, September 7, 1890 by Dr. \y. L. Abbott. ('Jtdvdcteri^. — Larger than Trngulus napv and much paler, less yellow in color; chest and belly entirely white, or at most the former very faintly shaded with gray along median line; sides clear gray; dark nape band obsolete. ('(dor. — Back orange-buff heavily clouded with blackish brown, but latter color never in excess of former. On sides the orange-buff fades abruptly through cream-bviff to nearly white, producing with the black- ish tips of the hairs a clear gray, faintly yellowish, strongly contrasted with color of back. Flanks more tinged with buff than sides. Harsh fur of shoulders, neck and nape irregularly and coarsely grizzled with *Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 39— Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. (185) 180 Miller — A New Moui^e: greatest length, 44; basal length, 37; basilar length, 34.8; palatal length, 18; least width of palate between anterior molars, 5; diastema, 12.6; length of incisive foramen, 6.4; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.6; length of nasals, 17: combined breadth of nasals, 5: zygomatic breadth, 20: interorbital breadth, 7; mastoid breadth, 15; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 17; depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 11; frontopalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 10; least depth of rostrum immediately behind incisors, 7.8; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 6.8; width of front upper molar, 2.2; mandible, 23.6: mandibular molar series (alveoli), 6.6. Specimens e.ramined. — Thirteen skins, twenty skulls, and one specimen in alcohol, all from Pulo Lankawi. Remarks. — By its small size and yellowish color this race is readily distinguishable from that of the mainland as well as from that of the n^arbv Hulang Islands. I'.Hj Miller — Mammals from, Lankawi and Butav;/ L^lands. Mus surifer butangensis subsp. nov. r^pc— Adult male (skin and skull) No. 104,309 United States National Museum. Collected on Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December IG. 18!M). Orijiinal number 157. (iKtractcrK. — More robust than Mux surifer .surifor from Tronp', Lower Siam; tail distinctly shorter than head and body: ground color of sides and upper parts darker and less bright than in the mainland form, and dark shading more diffuse; belly dirty buff; skull with the rostrum deeper, the braincase relatively narrower and more ridged, and the in- terparietal more distinctly triangular in outline. Color. — The color differs from that of the typical race in the dullness of the fulvous tints. These are very nearly ochraceous-buff in marked contrast with the orange-buff of Mus surifer surifer and M. surifer flarid- vliis. The sprinkling of blackish hairs in very diffuse, adding to 1 he peculiar aspect of the animal. Underparts soiled cream-buff. Tail and feet as in the related forms. Ski/U atid teeth. — The skull, while not actually larger than in ihe main- land race is more angular and heavily ridged. The rostrum when viewed from the side is distinctly deeper and the braincase appears to be slightly narrower, though the latter character is not very well marked. The outline of the interparietal is nearly a perfect isosceles triangle the base of which (the anterior edge) is about one and one half times as long- as either side. Teeth as in typical Mus surifer. Measurements. — External measurements of type: total length, 374; head and body, 203; tail vertebrte, 171; hind foot, 43; hind foot without claws, 41. Average of twelve specimens from the type locality: total length, 353 (311-381): head and body, 194 1178-210); tail vertebrae, 159 (133-171); hind foot, 41 (38.5-43); hind foot without claws, 38 (37-41). Average of three specimens from Pulo Rawi; total length, 353 (336-35()); head and body, 192 (184-203): tail vertebra, 160 (152-1G5): hind foot, 39 (38.5-40); hind foot without claws. 3(5.8 (30.5-37). Specimens exdmined. — Fifteen; twelve from Pulo Adang, and three from Pulo Rawi, Butang Islands. Remarks. — The three skins from Pnlo Rawi agree very closely with those from the type locality though in color they are slightly less dull. Mus pannosus sp. nov. Type. — Adult male No. 104,110 United States National Museum. Collected on Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 14. 1899. Original number 146. Characters. — Similar to Mus tambelanicv s Miller, but with larger ears, pelage of upper parts less suffused with red, and entire underparts griz- zled with gray. Audital bulhi^ larger than in Mux tavibelanicus. Color. — Back a rather coarse grizzle of light wood-brown and blackish brown the two colors mixed in nearly equal proportions. Sides very Miller — MainmaU from Lankawi and Biitauf/ Islands 191 (lull Inilf-yellow heavily sprinkled with dark brown. Ventral svirface dull, ijale, bufT, stroii<;ly suffused with drab-gray, particularly along median line. Chin and throat usually dull huffy white scarcely tinged with gray. Skii/L — The skull is similar to that of j¥?/.'* tamhelanicus except that the audilal bulhe are very noticeably larger and less depressed on the outer side. Teeth as in Mtn- fambclnniciiM, that is. like those of 3fnx Uile.vandrini!.s', only larger. 3/(vy,vw/v///6'« /.v. —External measurements of type: total length, 406; head and body, 203; tail vertebrae, 203: hind foot, 41; hind foot without claws, 38. Average of seven specimens from the type locality: total length, 380 (373-406); head and body, 196 (184-203); tail vertebra?, 190 (184-203); hind foot, 40 (38-41.5): hind foot without claws, 38 (35-39). An adult male from Pulo Kawi measures: total length, 409; head and bod}', 203; tail vertebne, 196; hind foot, 39; hind foot without claws, 36. Specimenfi examined. — Ten (three in alcohol) from Pulo Adang, and three from Pulo Rawi, Butang Islands. Remarks. — The close resemblance of this species to ilf!/.s tamhdairinix, and its unlikeness to the small Mus 'ale.vafidrinus' of the adjacent main- land suggest that the two large animals are less closely related to the latter than I at first supposed Mu.-i fiDiibekmicus to be. While of the same general form as the roof rat they are heavier animals with coarser more shaggy fur. Mus cremoriventer subsp. '.' Two specimens (one in alcohol) from Pulo Lankawi and a third from Pulo Adang differ from true Miin rrcmoripenter in a strong yellowish suffusion of the entire pelage. As they were taken at practically the same season as the original specimens of 3f. crcmorwenter there is little probabilily that the differences are due to individual variation. With- out further material, and particularly in the absence of series of the yellowish Mux flanventer from the Anambas, it seems unwise to attempt 1(1 tlefine the present race. Ratufa melanopepla Miller, (ine specimen. Pulo Lankawi, December 9, 1899. Sciurus concolor Blyth. Two specimens from Pulo T^ankawi and three from Pulo Adang. They ayree in all essential characters with skins from Trong, Lower Siam, but whether the same as the trvie concolor of Malacca it is at present impos- sible to determine. Tragulus umbrinus sp. nov. Type. — Adult male (skin and skull) No. 104,414, United States National Museum. Collected on Pulo Lankawi, December 7, 1899. (Jriginal number. i:>4. 192 Miller — Mammah from Lai)l'awi and Biitang Fshuid-'^. Charnrfern. — Similar to Trac/nlui^ rancsccnx* of the adjacent mainland, but smaller in size and much darlver in color. Throat stripes blacl^ish brown with scarcely a trace of pale speck! in,;:;-. Belly heavily washed with fulvous gray. Color, — Ground color of back a deeper, brighter orange-bufF than in T. ranescenH and blackish clouding much in excess of buff. Sides and Hanks as in the maiidand animal but conspicuously darker, owing to the greater admixture of brown. Entire neck from crown to shoulders, and laterally to outer white throat stripes, blackish seal-brown, many of the hairs with a subterminal orange-buff area about 3 mm. in length. The buff rings give the dark area a speckled appearance, but they are not sufficiently numerous to produce grizzling, except occasionally at the sides of the neck. Upper surface of head and face slightly darker than back; cheeks and ill defined streak over and in front of eye paler. Lat- erril dark tlirodt fifripex clear blarkia/i neal-hrou-n xrarreli/ xperjdt'd m'f/i huff. C'ollar like sides of body, only more finely grizzled. Chest and posterior half of belly white, the intermediate region heavily clouded with yel- lowish gray, darker and clearer along median line. Outer surface of legs dull ochraceous somewhat clouded with dark brown. Hkall and teeth. — Skid 1 as in Tr(tf/>il>/.'< eanexrenx. but slightly smaller. Relative size of teeth as in the mainland animal, therefore considerably greater than in T. napii. Measurementx. — External measurements of type: total length, 59(): head and body, 520; tail vertebne, 70: hind foot, 135: hind foot without hoof, 123: ear from meatus, 34; width of ear, 22. External measure- ments of a second adult male from the type locality; total length, 584; head and body, .508; tail vertebra, 76; hind foot, 128; hind foot without hoof, 115. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 112; basal length, 108; basilar length, 100; zygomatic breadth, 48; mandible, 90: maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 30; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 47. Weight. — Weight of type 3.(33 kg. Weight of second adult, 3.4 kg. Specimens examined. — Three, all from the type locality. Tragulus javanicus (Gmelin). Thirteen specimens from Pulo Lankawi and two from Pulo Adang are indistinguishable from those taken on the mainland. Lutra barang F. Cuvier. One adult female, Pulo Lankawi, December 10. 1899. Measurements: total length, 1090: head and body, ()73; tail vertebne, 419; hind fool. 128. *See antea, p. 185. Miller — Mammals from Lankawi and Butang Islands. 193 Tupaia ferruginea Raffles. Two specimens from Pulo Lankawi and one each from Pulo Adang and Pulo Rawi are indistinguishable from those taken in Trong, Lower Siam. Galeopithecus volans (Linnieus). Two specimens, both from Pulo Adang. Emballonura peninsularis Miller. Nine specimens (one skin), Pulo Rawi, Butang Islands, December 19. 1899. Semnopithecus obscurus Blyth. Two were taken on Pulo Lankawi, December 5, 1899. Vol. XIII, pp. 195-198 December 21, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON RIBES MESCALERIITM, AN UNDESCRIBED CURRANT FROM NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS. BY FREDERICK V. COVILLE. Dr. Valery Havard, in his report on the Flora of Western and Southern Texas, identified one of his plants as Hibes vis- cosissrmiim Pursh, and wrote of it as "the only gooseberry seen in western Texas, growing- sparingly in the Guadalupe Mountains."* On the basis of the same observations Dr. John M. Coulter included iiiscosissimttm in his Botany of Western Texas, commenting on it as occurring "sparingly in the moun- tains west of the Pecos, and apparently the only gooseberry of western Texas. "f Dr. Havard's specimen, which is in the National Herbarium, was collected in the Guadalupe Mountains, El Paso County, Texas, in October, 1881. It has neither flo'w- ers nor fruit, and has long been a puzzle on account of its pe- culiar vegetative characters, intermediate between those of vis- ''osissiniifm and cereum. In Professor Coulter's description the rtower and fruit characters were of course drawn from Rocky Mountain specimens of typical viscosissimttm, so that the Texas plant has really never been described, nor does any good material of it seem to have been collected. *Havard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 8 : 524. 188.5. fContr. U. 8. Xat. Herb. 2 :109. 1891. 41— Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. m^) lOG CovilLe — -Rihes Mescalerium, an UiietJ Ciirrnnt. In 1807 Professor E. O. Wooten collected in the White Mountains of Lincoln County, New Mexico, a currant which he distributed with a mark of doubt as Rihes cereum Dougl., No. 281 of his collection of that year. The specimen was remark- able in being black-fruited, the fruit of cereion being invariably of a light red color. Concluding that this represented an un- described species I wrote, early last S]>ring, to Professor Wooten, who courteously loaned me his collection of New Mex- ican Ribes. Among these was another fruiting specimen of the new currant, from the Sacramento Mountains, and a frag- mentary flowering specimen from the White Mountains. As Mr. Vernon Bailey, of the Biological Survey, expected to visit southeastern New Mexico during the summer I requeste mm. long, pu- bescent on the outside toward the apex; petals white, rotund, aboiU 2 mm. long; stamens with filaments adhering to the calyx tube as far as tiic throat, the free portion shorter than the anther, this when expanded about 1 mm. in breadth and length; style stout, smooth, shortly two- lobed at- the slightly exserted apex; fruit spherical, black, without bloom, sparingly glandular-hairy, .'5 to 8 mm. in diameter in dried specimens, the Hattened ones sometimes even 10 mm. Coville — Ribes Mescaleriiim, an Undescribed Cvrrant. 197 Type specimen in the United States National Herbarium, collected July 21, 1S99, in the Sacramento Mountains, at Fresnal, Otero County, New Mexico, at an altitude of 7,200 leet, by E. (). Wooten. So far as known Jitbes mescalerncm is confined to the White .•111(1 Sacramento Mountains of I^incoln and Otero counties, Ncm^ Mexico, and the neigliboring Guadalupe Mountains which ex- tend across the State line into El Paso County, Texas. The specimens have been collected at altitudes varying from 7,000 to 9,000 feet. Mr. Bailey considers it a plant of the Canadian zone. The flowering specimens are dated May 11 and June 1, and the fruiting specimens July 21 and August 5. Dr. Ilavard's ilesignation of this currant as a gooseberry was probably based (•liietly on the paucity of the fruits in the raceme, a character possessed also by Mibes cereum. Although these and other species of the cereurn-viscosissim,um.-sangimieuni group, in some of whicli the racemes are many-flowered, have a well-deflned calyx tube like the gooseberries, none of tliem bear spines or prickles on the branches and they are thus easily separable from the true gooseberries. From Ribes cerevm our plant is distinguishable in the her- barium by the stalked character of the glands on the leaves and young twigs, by the relatively broader calyx tube, its ratio of breadth to length being about 1 to 1^ or If, and by its black fruit, llibcs cereum has the glands on its leaves and young twigs almost always sessile, a corolla tube with the ratio of breadth to length about 1 to 2^ or 3^, and a fruit of l)right red color. With iHsrosissimum the new species agrees in the stilked ch.irncter c f the glands on the vegetative parts of the plant, and in the black color of the fruit, but the leaves, flow- ers, and fruit cf inscositisimum are much larger, the flowers being :iboi;.t 1,5 mm. long when the calyx lobes are not reflexed, and the tube al)out 6 mm. broad, while the pedicels are several milli- meters, often 1 cm. or more, in length, and the elliptical-oblong I'niit is commonly 8 to 10 mm. broad by 10 to 12 mm. long. The oblong anthers of HsrosiiHsUnum, commonly 1.5 mm. in length, in all the specimens examined, are exceeded by the free l)()rtion of the filament. Mr. Bailey states that the bushes are tiller than those of ccreiDn, being commonly 4 to G feet high, and do not spread out into the broadly rounded and closely 198 Coville — Ribes Mescalerium, an Undescribed Cvrrant. branched form common in cereicm. Viscosissimitm is ordinarily a few-branched straggling shrub 2 to 4 feet high. The name selected for the species, tnescaleriufn, commemo- rates the Mescalero Apaches, a tribe of Indians who in former times inhabited the region in which the plant occurs and who now occupy a reservation in the White Mountains of Lincoln County, New Mexico. Vol. XIII, pp. 199-200 December 21, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THB BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON POLYPODIUM HESPERIUM, A NEW FERN FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.* liY WILLIAM R. MAXON. Tlie prospect before one attempting to bring anything like order out of the substantial aggregate known as PolyjKHlkim vulgare is far from encouraging. Much uncertainty exists even as to the typical form of the species, and it is certainly to be iloubted whether the common form of the eastern LTnited States truly represents the species long ago characterized upon Euro- pean material as vulgare. At one time Hooker regarded our eastern representative of varietal rank and briefly characterized it as var. Americam(m;\ but he seems to have disregarded it in his later work. Much confusion has arisen also as to the iden- tity of his vav. occklental€\ founded upon specimens collected at the mouth of the Columbia and at Sitka. So far as the de- scription goes it applies well to the plant later described by Kellogg as 7-*. f((Jcatam\ and again by Eaton as P. ylycyr- rliizd,^ but it may with equal propriety be referred to another form of the Pacific coast especially abundant in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands which is rather coriaceous in texture and in ^Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. f Flora Bor. Am. 2 : 258. 1840. :j;Proc. Cad. Acad. Sci. I, i : 20. 1854. i'Am. Journ. Sci. II, 22 : 138. 1856. 4.i— BIOL. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. (199) 200 Maxon — A New Fern from Western North America. some cases serrated as the variety was originally described. Be that as it may, the species here described as new is clearly not closely related to either of Hooker's "varieties." It comprises the common form of the whole monntain-region of the western United States, and is essentially different from the material of eastern North America. I propose the name: Polypodium hesperium. Rhizome rather stovit, firm, creeping, chaffy with dark brown scales; fronds 4 to 13 inches long, clustered: stipe 1 to 5 inches Ions', smootli, decidedly stramineous; lamina 3 to 8 inches long, 1 to If inches broad, linear-oblong, apical portion usually entire and acuminate, texture thinner than in vulgare, the under surface sparsely glandular; pinnae mostly alternate, 6'^ to 10^^ long, 3^^ to 5^' broad, elliptical or somewhat spatulate, always narrowest at base, broadly rounded at tip; margins obscurely (or, less often, decidedly) crenate; veins forking two or usual- ly three times, veinlets free; sori very large, oval, borne midway be- tween the midvein and margin, at the end of the lowermost veinlet; spores greenish-yellow, smoothish. Type specimen, No. 303,284 in the U. S. National Herbarium, Smith- sonian Institution, collected by M. W. Gorman, No. 642, August 21, 1897, in Coyote Canon, liake Chelan, Washington. The geographical distribution of the species embraces the territory from the Rincon and San Francisco Mountains in Arizona to Washington and British Colum- bia, Idaho and Montana. Within this region vulgare does not occur. It is doubtful whether hesperhim is very closely related to the eastern vulgare. Its affinities seem rather to lie with the Polypodiums of the Pacific coast, one especially notable feature which it possesses in com- mon with them being the hard licorice-like rootstock. The rhizomes of the eastern vulgare, on the other hand, are not only spongy and cpiite acrid but more or less unsavory in taste. The chaff of Itexperium too is very much darker than that of the material of the eastern United States and the stipes are much more thickly clustered. The most prominent feature is the very characteristic shape of the pinnae, often half as broad as long. The name is chosen in allusion to the occurrence of the species in western North America. It is barely possible, but hardly probable, that the species here described is identical with the var. rotumlatvm of Milde, which is however antedated by the Poli/podkivi rotuiulatiiin of Sieber, applied to a West Indian species. Nearly fifty specimens of this species have been examined, from the herbaria of the National Museum, Yale University, the California Acad- emy of Sciences, Professor L. M. fTnderwood, Mr. R. I). (Jilbert, aiul Mr. J. B. Flett. I desire to express my thanks to the curators of the public herbaria and to the gentlemen above mentioned, especially to Mr. Flett who has fiirnished an excellent suite of specimens from Wash- ington, ranging from altitudes of 3G00 to 5r)()0 feet. U. S. National Museum, Washington. I). C. INDEX New names are printed in heavy type. Page Actitis macuhiria y-Z Aecidium ilicinum 181 Aesculus octandra 178 Agoseris heterophylla llw Agrimonia brittoniana 181 hirsuta 178 Agrostis canina 175 capillaris 176 Alces alces 58 americanus 57 S?isas 57 muswa 57 Alchemilla arvensis 116 cuneifolia 116 Allen, J. A. : Name of Cuban red bat 165 Name of Viscacha 183 Amazona mercenaria 92 saltiieusiN 26 Amblyopappus pusillus 120 Ambrosia artemisiaefolia 178 pumila 120 Amorpha californica 116 Ampelanus albidus 182 Ampelopsis tricuspidata xiii, Ixiv Amygdalus persicus 178 Anabazenops striaticollis 99 Anaptogoaia 154 Anteunaria monocephala 157 propinqua :. 182 solitaria 157 Anthocephala floriceps 94 Anthoceros laevis 173 Antrostomus g:olcliiiaiii 26 ridgwayi 26 salvini 27 Anychia canadensis 177 dichotoma 177 Apara 72 Aphelocoma cyanotis 27 g^risea 27 woodhousei 27 Apiastrum angustifolium 120 latifolium 120 tenellum 120 Aplodontia major 19 olyiiipiea 20 ;>aciflca 19 |>h%a 20 rainieri 21 rufa 20 Apocynum album 88 androsaemifolium 82 cannabinum 86 glaberrimum 86, 88 incanum 82 medium ; 84 iieniorale A. 87 pubescens 86 speciosiini 83 tirceolifer 85 Arabis arcuata 115 Aramides axillaris 92 Arctodus pristinus 54 Arctostapbylos acuta 114 bicolor 115 pumila 115 Page Arctotherium simum 54 Arizostus 71 Aromia tenuifolia 120 Arremonops caneus 103 conirostris 104 rutlvirgata 29 siiialoae 28 sumichrasti 29 venezuelensis, 104 Artemisia abrotanoides 117 californica 115, 117 foliosa 117 Asarum stiuttleworthii 176 Ashmead, W. H. : Exhibition of Chi- rodaiiiiis ix Asplenium filix-foemina 69 pectin atum 181 platyueuron 69 Aster claytoni 180 novae-angliae 182 sagittifolius 180 Astragalus leucopsis 116 tricopodus 116 Atalapha pfeifferi 155, 165 Atticora cyanoleuca 105 Aulacoramphus lautus 92 Automolus rufipectus 99 B Baeria authemoides 121 aristata 121 gracilis 117 mutica 121 tenella 117 Bahia tritida 117 Bailey, Vernon: Protective colora- tion in Ochotona ix The Great Dismal Swamp x Where the grebe skins come from XV Ball, C. R. and C. L. Pollard: New or noteworthy Louisiana plants. 133-135 Bangs. Outram: New Oryzoinijstvora Colombia 9-10 The Florida Puma 15-17 New or rare birds from Co- lombia 91-108 Baptisia coiifusa 158 laevicaulis 134 lanceolata 133 texana 133 Barringtonia speciosa, exhibition of xiii Basileuterus caiKiatiis 29 jouyi 29 Batrachium hederaceum 157 Betula nigra 176 Bidens melanocarpa 182 Blepharipappus carnosus 121 elegans 118 platyglossus 118 Blephilia ciliata 179 Botrychium obliquum 63 Braehylag'us 157 Bryum roseum 173 Buarremon basilicus 104 43-BiOL. Soc. Wash. Vol. XIII, 1900. (201) 202 The Biological Society of Was /mi (/ion. Page Burrielia hlrsuta 117 longifolia 117 parviflora 117 Byblis serrata 47 c Cabassous centralis 72 hispidus 72 loricatus 72 lugubris 72 unicinctus 72 Cachicarrjus 72 Calandrinia maritima 118 Callipeplafulvipectus 25 Calycadenia tenella 121 Campanula divaricata 179 Cardinalisaflinis 28 igneus 28 siualuensis 28 superbus 28 Carduus occidentalis 117 Carex utriculata 176 Carica papaya xvi Carpodacus ruberrimus 25 Castanea pumila 176 Catamenia analoides 102 Catharus fulvescens 31 fuscater 108 olivaMceiis 31 Ceanothus divaricatus 117 birsutus 117 macrocarpus 117 ollganthus 117 rigidus 114 spinosus 117 verrucosus 119 Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa 172 Cercis canadensis 180 Cercocarpus betuloides 116 Cereus californicus 119 Cervus lobatus 57 Chamaga fasciata 41 henshawi 41 pheea 42 Ch^nactis tenuifolia 120 Cbeirantbus capitatus 114 Chesnut, V. K. : Elxbibition of pbo- tographs and fruits of Umbel/u- laria californica ix Catalogue of plants poisou- ous to stock...: xii Acorns as food xviii Chirodamus, Exhibition of ix Cbloronerpes uropygialis 93 Chlorophonia frontalis 104 Cbrysopsis gossypina 131 iatistqiiaiiiea 131 pilosa 131 sessiliflora 117 Cinclodes albidiventris 98 Cinclus leucocephalus 105 leuconotus 105 rlviilaris 105 Cladonia sylvestris 173 Cladosporiumcorynitrichum 180 Clasterisporium sigmoideum 181 Clematis lasiantha 119 parviflora 119 pauciflora 119 Cobasa scandens x Cneoridium dumosum 119 Cockerell, T. D. A.: Faunae and Faunulae of New Mexico xi Conirostrum rufum 105 Conopophaga brownl 100 Cook, O. F. ; Habits of African ter- mites xi Mangrove growing on dry land xvi Page Cotyledon edulis 119 lanceolata 119 pulverulenta 119 Coville, F. v.: The Great Dismal Swamp X Exhibition of lichen covered cones of Pinus attenuata xiv Explorations of Thomas Nut- tall in California xiii, 109-121 Ribes mescalerium. a new cur- rant , 195-198 Crataegus Browni 181 Cryptopleura californica 118 Cuscuta arvensis 178 Cyclopes 72 Cyclothurus 72 Cyperus flliculmis 176 retrofractus 176 Cytispora tumulosa 181 Cytisporella carnea 181 D Daniel, J. W., Jr.: Zoological col- lecting in Cuba xv Dall, \V. H.: Honolulu aind the Ha- waiian Islands xiii Exhibition of Barringtonia speciosa xiii Discovery of fossil coral reef in Georgia xix Abnormal Chiton from Cali- fornia xix Dasypus gymnurus 4 hispidus.. 5 uovemcinctus 72 octodecimcinctus 72 septemcinctus 72 sexcinctus 72 tricinctus 72 "unicinctus 71 Deinandra fasciculata 118 Delphinapterus 24 Delphinu.', bideutatus 24 desmarestii 24 iipronii 24 phocaenoides 23 tvrisio 24 Dendrocincla arguina 100 Dentaria integrifolia 114 De Schweinitz, E, A.: Practical working of serum treatment of swine x Dewey, L. H. : Frost flowers xiv Some foreign varieties of cot- ton xviii Deweya arsuta 120 Dichaeta tenella 117 Dicrauium drummondi 173 Didactyles 73 Dimerosporium collinsii 173 Dipetalia suliulata 115 Diplodia paraphysata 181 Dipodomys elator 167 moutanus 167 Dipus m^iximus 166, 183 Dolomys 154 Drepanolobus lanatus 114 Drymophila caudata 100 Dryopteris celsa 65 clintoniana 65 cristata 65 floridana 65 goldieana 65 marginalis 68 noveboracensis 64 spinulosa 68 thelypteris 64 Index. 203 Page Dryoryx 73 Dysmicodon californicum 117 E Echeveria lanceolata 119 pulverulenta 119 Echinooactusviridescens 120 EUimia ruderalis 115 Emballonura peninsularis 193 Encelia califoralca 117 Encoubertus 73 Erigeron foliosus 117 glaucus ■ 117 hispidus 117 Eriophyllum trifldum 117 Erysimum grandiflorum 114 Eupatorium purpureum 180 Euphractus 72 Euryptera lucida 120 Eurypterna 72 Euscarthmus granadensis 9(i Evans, Walter: Trifoliate and tri- partite grape leaves xiii, xiv Evermann, B. W.: Lake Maxinkuc- kee xiii Concerning species and sub- species xvi Papaw occurring in Porto Rico xvi Colored illustrations of fishes of Porto Rico xvii Evotomys 154 F Fagus americana 175 Falco ruflgularis 92 Felis concolor 15 coryi 15 floridana 15 hippolestes 15 oretronensis 10 Fisher, A. K.: The Great Dismal Swamp X Franseria pumila 120 Fusarium aleurinum 181 oxydendri 181 Fusicoccum nervicolum 181 Q Galeopithecus volans 193 Galium nuttallii 120 suffruticosum 120 Gardner, P. G.: Soils of Dismal Dis- mal Swamp X Exhibition of oolitic sand from Salt Lake xvii Geaster hygrometricus 173 Gentianacitrina 130 oonnectens 131 decora ■•■■ 131 elliottii 131 wrightii 130 Geothlypis Philadelphia 105 Gerbilius arenloolor lt)3 przewalskii Iti3 Geum fiavum 178 Gifola germanica 180 Gilbert, G. K.: Submerged forests of ColumbiaRiver xiii New term for sum of local fauna and flora xiv Glossophaga eloug^ata 124, 159 longirostris 124, 159 Godetia epiloUoides 180 Page Gnaphalium erubescens 117 ramosissimum 117 Grindelia cuneifolia 117 robusta 118 Gypagus papa 92 H Hapalocercus acutipennis 96 fulviceps 96 paiilu»$ 96 Haplospiza ulvaria 103 unicolor 103 uniformis 103 Hartmannia glomerata 118 Hay, O. P.: Census of fossil verte- brates xii Chronological distribution of Elasmobranchs xiv Hay, VV. P. : Exhibition of Branchi- jniK serratus xvii Heleodytes gularis 30 »$tri(liilus 30 Helianthemum scoparium 114 Heliaiithus agrestis 184 floridanus 184 Heliochera rubrocristata 98 HelminthophilapiHus 105 Helminthosporium fusiforme 181 Hetherotheca grandiflora 118 Hieracium argutum 118 Hill. R- T. : Natural aspects of Porto Rico Hosackia crassifolia 116 diffusa 116 maritima 116 micranthus 114 ocliroleuca 116 prostratus 116 rubescens ■■•• 119 scofiaria 116 strigosa 114 Howard, L. O. : Insect fauna of hu- man excrement xiii New illustrations of 'nsects.xvii Insects affecting cotton xix The malaria mosquitos xix Hylacarolinensis 75 cinerea 76 evittata 76 nerea 76 pickeringii 78 Hylociohla swainsoni 107 I Impatiens aurea 180 Isocoma vernonioldes 118 Isomeris arborea 119 James, Henry: Recent progress in forestry ^i^ Judd. Sylvester D.: Birds killed by Washington monument May 12, 1899 xii Feeding experiments with captive birds xvii Eye of Byblis serrata 47-51 Kains, M. C: Electric light in cul- ture of Easter Ulies..... xvi 204 The Biological Society of Washington. Page Kearney, T. H.: Flora of D.smal Swamp X Kneiffla longipedicellata 182 L Lafresnaya gayi 94 Lasiurus blossevillii 155, 165 pfeifferi ]<>5 Lathyrus strictus 119 vestitus 119 Lecidea xvi Legonzia biflora 117 Lejeunea luceus 173 Lepidium lasiocarpum 115 meaziesii 114 nitidum 115 Lepidum californicum 114 LeptoQycteris fiirasoae 126, 159 nivalis 126 Leptosyne californica 131 douglasii 121 maritima 121 Leptotaeuia californica 117 Lepus arcticus 39 bangsi : 39 davuricus 166 idahoensis ; 157 labradorius 39 ogotona 166 viscacia •■• 184 viscaccica 1tricta 94 smaragdiniooUis 96 tyrianthina 95 Micronycteris behnii 154 brachyotis 154 microtis 154 Micropus angustifolius 118 calif ornicus 118 Microseris linearifolia 121 lindleyi 121 Mierocerculus marginatus 107 Microtus abbreviating 13 arvalis 11. 13 kadiacensis 11, 13 kamtschaticus 11, 13 tshuktshorum 11 Mictomys innuitus : 43 Miller, G. S. Jr. : On the naked-tailed armadillos 1-8 New vole from eastern Sibe- ria 11-12 New vole from Hall Island. .13-14 New bats from West Indies. 33-37 New hare from Labrador 39-40 New fossil bear from Ohio...53-,56 New moose from Alaska .57-59 New tree frog from District of Columbia 75-78 Dogbanes of District of Co- lumbia 79-90 New bats from Curacao.... 123-137 Now rats from Siam 137-150 Vespurtilio concinnus of H. Al- len 154 Evotomys ys. Anaptogonia 154 Index. 205 Page Micronycteris brachyotis and M. microtia 154 Name of Cuban red bat 155 On VeKpertMio hlythii 155 On Scotophilus 2Htrhyomus 155 Lichonycteris iu South Amer- ica 150 Name of noctule bat of Eu- rope 150 New subgenus for Leipus ida- hoensis 157 Anteiinai'ia xolitaria near Dis- trict of Columbia 157 Bats from Curacao 159-163 New gerbille from Turkes- tan 1()3-1<)4 New mouse deer from Siam KS5-18(; Mammals from East Indies 187-193 Millspaugh. C. P.: Plants new to West Virginia 180-182 Molossus obscurus 1'i(la 134 Physarum lutipes 172 Pliyseter miurops 24 Pickeringia moatiina lUi Picolaptes lacrymiger 100 Pinus attenuiita xiv Pipilo albigula 27 luteriiiediii!!) 27 mesoleucus 27 Pipreola deoora — 98 Piraaga faceta 104 Pitavia dumosa 119 Plantago aristata 179 patagonica xv Platycichla carbonaria 108 Platyrhyuchus albogularis 9() Podosiemon ceratophyllum 177 Poecilothiaupis melanogenys 104 Pogonatum brevicaule 173 Polinptila rehtricta 25 Pollard. C. L.: Kxhibition of photo- graphs of buildings of New York Botanical Gardens ix Species characters among violets xii Eight new plat ts 129-132 New southern violet 169 ^ew I/fl/a/if//iis 184 Pollard, C. I., and ('. K. Bali: New or noteworthy Louisiana plants. 133-135 !um 118 Polygonum cristatum 176 Polypodium acutum 174 americunum 199 biseriatum 174 falcatum 174, 199 glycyrrhiz;! 199 liesperluni 200 oceidentale 199 oreopliiluiii 174 polypodioides 69 rotundatum. 200 vulgare 199 Polystichum a-crostichoides 64 Potamogeton pectinatus 175 Potentilla recta 181 Preble, E. A.: New lemming mouse from New Hampshire 43-45 Premnoplex bruuuescens 100 Procyon hernandezi 152 pallittHM 151 psora 152 Prunella soatoerrlma 134 Psilocarphus globiferus 118 tenellus 118 Psittacula pallida 25 Pteris aquilina 69 Pterygistes lasiopterus 156 maximus 156 Ptilomeris anthemoides 121 aristata 121 Page Ptilomeris coronaria 121 mutica 121 Pygmornis striigularis 93 Q Quercusalba 175 nigra 175 R Rafinesquia californica 121 Ranunculus hyperboreus 157 pusillus 158 Ratufa melanopepla 191 Rehn, James A. G.: Correction rel- ative to the Tarsier 166 Older name for Aard vark 166 Older name for Ogotona 16(i Proper name for Viscacha.... 166 Older name for Norway rat... 167 Reithrodontomys ohrysopsis 152 Rhamnus californica 114 crocea 114 laurifolius 114 Rhamphomicron dorsale 94 Rhus mtegrifolia 116 lavirina 116 Rhynchostegium rusciforme 173 Ribes cereum 196 divaricatum 115 uiescaleriuiii 196 sanguineum 197 villosum 115 viscosissimum 197 Robinia hispida. 1?0 Rosa setigera 181 s Sabal palmetto xv Sabbatia corymbosa 182 Sanicula trifoliata 178 Schizostoma brachyote 154 Sohistochlamys atra 104 Sciuropterus klamathensis 151 oregonensis 151 steplieiisi 151 Sciurus concolor 183, 191 lerreus 183 ludovicianus 169 neglectus 170 vicinus 170 Sclerurus canigularis 99 propinquus 99 Scotophilus pachyomus 155 Scytalopus analis 101 latebricola 101 micropterus 102 sylvestris 101 Seaman, W. H.: Bifurcation of the fourth rib in man xv The Great Dismal Swamp x Sedum edule 119 Seiurus noiabilis 105 noveboracensis 105 Selaginella apus 174 Semnopithecus obscurus 193 Senecio californicus 118 coronopus 118 Sericocarpus linifolius 180 Serpophagagrisea t- 97 Sida californica 117 delphinifolia 117 Sidalcea californica 117 delphinifolia 117 Silene virginica ITT Index. 20*7 Page Siptornis antisiensis 99 wyatti 99 Smith, Erwin F. : Effect of acid me- dia on growtk of certain plant parasites x Biological characteristics as means of species differentiation xi — Sugar beets in New York and Michigan xix Solanum carolinense 179 Solidago californica 118 iiiaxoiii. l-M neglecta 182 Soliva daucifolia 118 sessilis 118 Sonchus asper 121 californicus 131 tenerrimus 121 tenuifolius 121 Sphaerella infuscans 181 Sphaerostigma bistorta 120 Spiraea salicifolia ITT Stejneger, L. : Post Pliocene migra- tions of Siberian mammals into Europe xix Stemonitis smithil 1T3 Stephens, F. : New mammals from California. 153 Sternberg. Geo. M. : Effect of cold on Magnolia grandiflora x Stiles, C. W.: Parasites of malaria., xix Parasites that may be intro- duced by returning troops xx Stokes. H. N.: Chemical and biolog- ical properties of protoplasm. ..xviii Streptanthus heterophyllus 119 repandus 115 Struthopteris cinnamomea ti4 regalis 63 Stylocline gnaphaloides 115 Stylosiinthes biflora 134 hispidissima 134 Styphonla integrifolia 11<> serrata...'. IHi Swingle, W. T.: Occurrence of cy- press knees in Europe xvi Sycalisbrowni 102 SynaptomyR fatuus 43 innuitus 43 spliagnieola 43 Tamandua 73 Taraxia ovata 114 Tarsius tarsier Iti" Tatoua 2, 71 Tatoua centralis 4, 7 hispida 5 lugubris 6 Tatu TS Thomomys douglasl 21 mazama 21 iuelanop!!> 21 yelnieiisls 21 Thryophilus cinereus 25 Thryothorus pallidum 29 Thysanocarpus crenatus 115 laciniatus 115 Tolman, L. M. : Economic uses of cottonseed oil xviii Tolypeutes 72 Townsend, C. H, : Flying foxes of South Sea Islands xviii Cruise of Albatross in South Sea Islands xviii Page Tragulus caueseens 185 javanicus 192 napu 18,5 iiiubrlnus 191 Trifolium aciculare 116 dubium 180 majus 116 poly phy Hum 116 triste 116 Troglodytes brunneicollis 106 iiiouticola lot) rufociliatus 106 Trogon personatus 93 True, F. W.: Newfoundland whale fishery xvii New name for Sciurus aberti concolor 183 Tsuga canadensis 175 Tuckermannia maritima 121 Tupaia ferruginea 193 Tursio microps 24 vulgaris 24 Tursiops : 24 Tyranniscusnigricapillus 98 u Uroleptes 73 Uropappus grandiflorus 121 heteroearpus 121 Ursus americanus 55 amplidens 54 .floridanus 55 fossilis 54 haplodon 54 procerus 53 Umbellularia californica, exhibition of ix Uvularia grandiflora 176 V Vaccinum coustablei 182 Vallisneria spiralis 175 Velaea arguta 120 Verbesina occidentalis 179 Vernonia maxima 182 piibesceiis 179 Vespertilio blossevillii 155, 165 blythii 155 bonariensis 165 concinnus 154 murinus 156 pachyomus.™ 1R6 serotinus 156 Vesperugo maxima 156 Viola afflnis 178 alabaiiieiisls 169 alsophilii 173 aiiiorpliopliylla 129 Carolina 169 douglasi 130 papilionacea 178 prulnosa 130 villosa 169 Vireo josephae 105 Viscacia viscaccica 167 viscacia 184 Vitis cordifolia 180' w Waite, M. B.: The Great Dismal Swamp X Effect of cold on vegetation., xi 208 The Biological Society of Washington. Page Waite, M. B.: Soil inoculation with soy beans xiv Michigan peach orchards xvi Abnormal apple xix Ward, Lester F. ; The Great Dismal Swamp X Fossil forests of Arizona xiv Webber, H. J.: Kecent researches of Lawson on Cobaea scandens x Polyembryony in Citius hy- brids xii Hybridization in origination of cultivated plants xiv Compound leaves of -l?/yje/o7J- sis tricuspidata xiii Necessity for new term for varieties of cultivated plants xiv Bifurcation in irunk of ISa- bal j)almetto xv Exhibition of aerating roots of various plants xvi Exhibition of photograph of tropical papaw xvi Migration of vegetative nu- cleus in the pollen tube of Zamia xvii Chemical and biological prop- erties of protoplasm xviii On cotton hybrids xviii White, David: Geology and physiog- raphy of Dismal Swamp x Page Wilcox, E. v.: Lupines poisonous to stock xvi Williams, T. A.: New Lecidea from Mexico xvi Woods. A. F.: Microchemical reac- tions resembling Fungi xi Spot disease of carnations... xiii Chemical and biological prop- erties of protoplasm xviii Woodwardia areolata 69 virgin ica 68 Worcester. DeanC. Birds and mam- mals of Philippines xvii Xenurus 71 Xenurus gymnurus 4 hispidus... ^.... 4 latirostris 6 Xyloooccus bicolor 115 Xylothermia montana 116 Ziphila lugubris 6 Zygodesmus tiliaceus 180 G C