1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME XIX 1906 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1907 COMMITTEE ON PUP3LICAT10NS W. P. HAY, Chuinnun WILFRED H. OSGOOD DAVID WHITE E. A. GOLDMAN C. A. McKNEW IT. L. McQUKKN, Pkintkr 1108 E St. N. W. Washington, D. C. ILLUSTRATIONS Page 5. SknWs of I'hoinomysfulvus and umbri)ais. " 72. Skulls of Microtus operarius Group. " 74. Clarias nieuhofi (a) and C. gilli (6). " 75. Coryfhroichthys puUus. " 80. lllana cacabet. " 81. Cardgobius iyphlops. ' " 185. Fruit of Anlhasnanlia villosa. " 186. Yvmi of Ijeptocoryphiam lanaium. " 188. Fruit of Valota insularis. '"' 190. Fruit of SyntJierisma savguinalis. " 191. Fruit of Leptolorna cognata. " 194. West Coast Mitras. 1 to 5, Mitra idae ; 6, M.fulloni; 7, J/, orientalis. TABLE OF CONTENTS Otiicers and Committees for 1906 v Constitution and By-Laws of the Society vii-xi Rules Relating to Publication xi-xiv Proceedings for 1906 xiv-xviii Notes on Orchids new to Florida, by Oakes Ames 1-2 Identity of Tliomomys niiibri)iiif< (Richardson), by Vernon Bailey . 3-6 Some Observations Concerning the American Families of Oligom- vodian Passeres, by Robert Ridgway 7-16 Breeding Birds of the Sierra de Antonez, North Central Sonora, by John E. Thayer and Outrani Bangs 17-22 .A New Botrychiuni from Alabama, by William R. Maxon .... 28-24 Two New Carnivores from the Malay Peninsula, byGerritS. Miller, Jr. 25-28 Descriptions of New Bermudian Fishes, by Tarleton H. Bean . . 29-34 Plantse Montrosensis, I, by Aven Nelson and P. B. Kennedy . . . 35-40 General Notes _ 41-48 .A New Name for Rhuiolophus minutus Miller, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.; The Nomenclature of the Flying Lemurs, by Ger- rit S. Miller, Jr.; The Specific Name of the Hawk Owls, by Harry C. Oberholser ; Pirnriga erythromelas versus Pirariga riifxiauia, hy Harry C. Oberholser; The Names of the Pas- senger Pigeon and the Mourning Dove, by Outram Bangs ; The Proper Name of the White-Backed Skunk of Colombia, by Arthur H. Howell ; The Proper Name for the Eastern Skunk, by Arthur H. Howell ; The Proper Name for the Striped Muishond of South Africa, by Arthur H. Howell ; The Generic Name Znrilla, by Arthur H. Howell ; A Bear Ani- malcule Renamed, by W. P. Hay. Descriptions of an Apparently New Species of Monkey of the Genus Prexbytis from Sumatra, and of a Bat of the Genus Der- manura from Mexico, by D. G. Elliot 49-50 (iii) aYoZoZ/ iv Contents. The Pigmy Squirrels of the Nannosciurus melanotus Group, by Marcus W. Lyon, Jr 51-56 A New White-Footed Mouse from Texas, by Vernon Bailey . . . 57-58 A New Genus of Sac-Winged Bats, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 59-60 Seven New Malayan Bats, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 61-66 The Status of the Generic Name Hemiprocne Nitzsch, by Harry C. Oberholser 67-70 A New Vole from Montague Island, Alaska, by Wilfred H. Osgood 71-72 Notes on a Collection of Fishes from the Island of Mindanao, Phil- ippine Archipelago, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, by Hugh M. Smith and Alvin Seale 73-82 Twelve New Genera of Bats, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 83-86 Identity of Eutamiiii^ pallidus (Allen), with a Description of a Re- lated Form from the South Dakota Bad Lands, by Merritt Gary 87-90 Description of a New Crab from Dominica, West Indies, by Mary J. Rathbun , 91-92 Description of a New Querquedula, by Harry C. Oberholser .... 93-94 General Notes 95-98 On Mephitic ollda Boitard, by D. G. Elliot; Change of Name, by F. H. Knowlton ; Type of the Genus Frouulagus, by Mar- cus W. Lyon, Jr.; New Names for Two Recently Described Genera of Plants, by J. N. Rose; A Bat New to the United States, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.; Ammomys and Other Com- pounds of Mi/s, by T. S. Palmer. Descriptions of Three New Mangrove Crabs from Costa Rica, bv Mary J. Rathbun \ 99-100 Notes on Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, with Descriptions of New Forms and New Records for Costa Rica, by Outram Bangs 101-112 A New Scyllarides from Brazil, by Mary J. Rathbun 113-114 Descriptions of Some New Forms of Oligomyodian Birds, by Rob- ert Ridgway 115-120 Notes on the Mammals of Grand Manan, N. B., with a Description of a New Subspecies of the White-Footed Mouse, by Manton Copeland and Morton L. Church 121-126 Revision of the Genus Wislizenia, by Edward L. Greene 127-132 Diagnosis of New Species of Mosquitoes, by Harrison G. Dyar and Frederick Knab • • 133-1-12 Descriptions of New Species of Acoridium from the Philippines, by Oakes Ames . . . ... 143-154 New Plants from the Great Basin, by Aven Nelson and P. B. Kennedy . ... 15-5-158 Notes on Some American Mosquitoes, with Descriptions of New Species, by Harrison G. Dyar and Frederick Knab 159-172 Notes on Some New Tortricid Genera, with Descriptions of New American Species, by August Busck 173-182 Notes on the Genera of Paniceae, I, by Agnes Chase . . . . 183-192 West American Mitridje — North of Cape St. Lucas, Lower Califor- nia, by Mrs. M. Burton Williamson 193-198 General Notes 199-200 Type of the Genus Atherurus, Brush-tailed Porcupine, by Marcus W. Lyon, Jr.; Notes on Limnomys, by Oldfleld Thomas ; The Proper Name of the Mexican Tamandua, by J. A. Allen. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For 1906 (ELECTED DECEMBER 23, 1905) OFFICERS President FRANK H. KNOWLTON Vice-Presidents T. S. PALMER E. L. GREENE W. P. HAY E. W. NELSON Recording Secretary M. C. MARSH Corresponding Secretary WILFRED H. OSGOOD Treasurer DAVID WHITE COUNCIL WILLIAM H. DALL* THEODORE GILL* L. O. HOWARD* FREDERICK V. COVILLE* A. K. FISHER F. A. LUCAS* C. HART MERRIAM* B. W. EVERMANN* A. D. HOPKINS GEORGE M. STERNBERG* A. B. BAKER L. STEJNEGER CHARLES A. WHITE* J. N. ROSE STANDING COlVIMITTEES-1906 Commiltee on Communications Vernon Bailey, Chairman H. M. Smith A. B. Baker A. D. Hopkins J. N. Rose Committee on Publications W. P. Hay, Chairman Wilfred H. Osgood David White E. A. Goldman C. A. McKnew * Ex-Presidents of the Society (V) Vol. XIX, pp. vii-xviii February 21, 1907 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. CONSTITUTION. Article I. — Name. The name of this Society is the Biological Society of ^^'ash- ington . Article II. — Object. The object of the Society is the increase and diffusion of bio- logical knowledge. Article III. — Members. The members of the Society shall be persons who are in- terested in biological science. There may be two classes of members, active and corresponding. ' Article IV. — Officers. The officers of the Society shall ho a President, four Vice- Presidents, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, and a Treasurer. There shall be a Council, consisting of the officers of the Society, the ex-presidents, the respective chairmen of the com- mittees on Publications and on Communications, and five additional members. The officers and the five additional members of the Council shall be elected annually by ballot, and shall hold office until their successors are elected. The Council shall liave power to fill vacancies. Article V . — Amendments. This Constitution shall not be amended except by a three- fourths vote of the members present at an annual meeting for the election of officers, and notice of the proposed amendment must be submitted in writing at a regular meeting of the Society at least four weeks previously. (Vii) viii The Biological Society of Washington. BY-LAWS. Article I. — Members. Active members only shall be entitled to vote and to hold office. Persons residing outside of the District of Columbia may be- come corresponding members of the Society. They may attend its meetings, and take part in and contribute to its proceedings. Corresponding members may be transferred to active member- ship l)y the Council. Nominations for membership shall be signed by three active members of the Society, and submitted to the Council through the Recording Secretary. They shall not receive action until they have been before the Council at least two weeks. After recommendation l)y a majority of the Council present at a regular meeting, nominations shall be acted upon at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Society, a majority vote of the members present being necessary to an election. Notice of resignation of membership shall be given in writing to the Council. Article II. — Officers. The President shall preside at the meetings of the Society and of the Council. He shall appoint all committees except such as are otherwise provided for; and, jointly with the Recording Secretary, shall sign all written contracts and other obligations of the Society. In the absence of the President, his duties shall be performed by one of the Vice-Presidents. The Recording Secretary shall keep minutes of the meetings of the Society and Council. The Corresponding Secretary shall issue notices for the meet- ings of the Society and Council, shall notify members of their election, and conduct the correspondence. He shall have the custody of the records, except the minutes and the accounts of the Treasurer, The Treasurer shall collect all moneys and, under the direction of the Council, disburse the same. He shall report upon the state of the funds at each annual meeting, and at other times if required. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited by a committee of three, to be appointed at least two weeks previous to the annual meeting. In the absence of the Treasurer, the Recording Secretary is authorized to receive the dues of members. By-Laws. ix Article III. — Dues. The annual dues of active and corresponding members shall be one dollar and fifty cents, payable at the beginning of the year, and no member in arrears shall be entitled to vote at the annual meeting for the election of officers or on any proposed amendments to this Constitution or By-Laws. Members of either class shall be entitled to the publications of the Society upon payment of an additional annual fee of one dollar and fifty cents; but they shall receive such publications only for the years for which their full dues are paid. The names of those two years in arrears may at any time, by vote of the Council, be dropped from the list of members. Any member not in arrears may become a life member on the payment of fifty dollars at one time, and be relieved from all further dues and other assessments. All moneys received in paymen-t of life memberships shall be invested in a permanent publication fund. The fiscal year shall terminate with the annual meeting. Article IV . — Meetings . The regular meetings of the Society shall be held at 8 o'clock p. M. on alternate Saturdays from October to May, inclusive, unless otherwise ordered by the Council. The place of meeting will be designated by the Council. Special meetings may be called by the President, with the approval of the Council. The regular meetings, with the exception of the annual meet- ing, shall be devoted to the presentation and discussion of sci- entific subjects. The regular order of business shall be as follows: 1. Reading of minutes. 2. Reports of committees. 3. Balloting for members. 4. Miscellaneous business. 5. Reading of papers, discussions, and exhibition of specimens. This order of business may be suspended at any time by a two-thirds vote of the members present. The annual meeting for the election of officers shall be the last stated meeting in December. The regular meeting preceding the annual meeting shall be set X The Biological Society of Washington. apart for the delivery of the President's annual address, unless a special meeting is called for the purpose. Persons interested in Inological science may, upon invitation of a meml)er, be present at any meeting of the Society except the annual meeting. Article V. — Annval Meeting and Election of Officers. The order of proceedings at the annual meeting shall be as follows: 1. Reading of the minutes of the last annual meeting. 2. Presentation of the annual reports of the Secretaries. 3. Presentation of the annual report of the Treasurer. 4. Announcement of the names of members who, having complied with Article III of these By-Laws, are entitled to vote on the election of officers. 5. Election of President. 6. Election of four Vice-Presidents. 7 . Election of one Recording and one Corresponding Secretary. 8. Election of Treasurer. 9. Election of five additional members of the Council. 10. Consideration of amendments to the Constitution. 11. Reading of the rough minutes of the meeting. The election of officers will be conducted as follows: Nominations shall be made in each case by informal ballot and the result announced by the Secretary, after which the first formal ballot shall be taken. In balloting for Vice-Presidents and the five additional mem- bers of the Council, each member shall write on one ballot as many names as there are officers to be elected, namely, four on the first ballot ft)r Vice-Presidents, and five on the first ballot for members of the Council; and on each subsequent ballot as many names as there are officers still to be elected . Those per- sons who receive a majority of the votes cast shall be declared elected. If in any case- the informal ballot result in giving a majority for one or more of the persons balloted for, it may be declared formal by a majority vote. Article VI. — Committees. There shall be two standing committees, one on Communica- tions and one on Publications, Rules Relating to Publication. xi Article VII. — Communications. All communications presented at the meetings of the Society must be authorized by the Committee on Communications, and the said committee shall arrange the program for each meeting, unless otherwise directed by the Council. Article VIII . — Publications. The Committee on Publications shall have charge of all pub- lishing, in accordance with the rules relating to publications. Article IX. — Sections. Sections representing special branches of biology may be estab- lished by the Council upon the written recommendation of ten members of the Society. Article X. — Unassigned Business. All the business of the Society not otherwise provided for shall be transacted by the Council. Article XI. — Amendments. These By-Laws may be amended by a majority vote of the members present at a meeting of the Society, due notice thereof having been given in writing at least four weeks previously. RULES RELATING TO PUBLICATION. The annual publication of the Biological Society of Washing- ton shall consist of a volume entitled Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, in typography, paper, and general make up, except as herein otherwise specified, conforming, as nearly as maybe, to the volumes heretofore published under the same title. Section 1. This volume shall be consecutively paged, and published in parts or brochures. A brochure may consist either of a separate article or of several short articles collected under the title General Notes. The brochures shall be designated by volume numbers and limiting pages and each shall bear the xii The Biological Society of Washington. title of the volume and the precise elate of publication. As soon as practicable after the close of each year, a volume title page, a list of contents and illustrations of the volume, a list of officers and committees, an abstract of proceedings for the year, a gen- eral index to the volume, and such other matter as may be or- dered by the Council, shall be issued as a separate brochure to complete the volume. All of this matter except the index shall be arranged for Innding at the beginning of the volume under a distinct Roman pagination, l)ut the index shall take the regu- lar Arabic pagination at the end of the volume. Section 2. The regular edition shall be five hundred and twenty-five copies. Section 3. The matter published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington may comprise (1) original ar- ticles relating to biological science ; (2) administrative records of the Society, including condensed minutes of meetings pre- pared by the Secretaries; (3) lists of members, by-laws and rules, resolutions of a permanent character, etc.; and (4) title pages, lists of contents, and indexes for each volume. Section 4. Matter designed for publication in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington may be transmitted to the Committee on Publications, either direct or through the Secretaries of the Society; soon as may be thereafter the Com- mittee shall decide on the desirability and expediency of the publications, or refer the matter to the Council for decision. Communications from non-members and translated memoirs shall be published only upon unanimous vote of the Committee on Publication and by specific authority from the Council. The .Committee on Publications or the Council may refer any com- munication to a special committee for examination. Section 5. Matter offered for publication in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington becomes thereby the property of the said Society and shall not be published elsewhere prior to publication in the Proceedings except by consent of the Council. Section 6. Of the matter offered for publication, that which is rejected shall be returned to the author at once; that which is accepted shall be issued without unnecessary delay. Ordi- narily brochures shall be held until several can be issued on the Rules Relating to Publication. xiii same date, but authors desiring especially prompt publication may secure it by paying the cost of mailing. Section 7 . No description of a new species shall be published unless a type be designated and its present location and place of collection given, if this is known, and no description of a new genus unless the type species be definitely stated. Section 8. The whole of the manuscript and all plates for figures shall be in the hands of the Committee on Publications before any paper is accepted for publication. Section 9. Proofs of letter-press and illustrations shall be submitted to authors, or persons designated by them, whenever practicable, but printing shall not be unduly delayed by reason of absence or incapacity of authors. Section 10. All details relating to abbreviations, the use of capitals and citations, and all matters of form not involving a change of meaning, shall rest with the Committee on Publi- cations. Section 11. The text of each brochure of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington shall liegin under its pro- per title on an odd-numbered page. It shall be accompanied by the illustrations pertaining to it, the plates consecutively numbered for the volume, and it may contain a synoptic list of contents, prepared by the author, and, at the option of the Committee on Publication, an alphabetic index, provided the same be prepared by the author. Section 12. The author of each memoir shall receive twenty- five copies gratis and shall be authorized to order, through the Committee on Publications, any edition of exactly similar brochures, to be printed as author's separates, at cost of paper* and press-work; but no author's separates of memoir brochures shall l)e issued except in this regular form. Section 13. If special paper covers are desired for the author's edition of a brochure, they shall bear at the top of the first page the title of the volume, limiting pages and date of publication, and at the bottom the imprint of the Society. Section 14. The bottom of each signature and of each initial page shall bear a signature mark, giving an abbreviated title of the serial, the volume, and the year, and every page shall be numbered, the initial pages at the bottom. xiv The Biological Society of Washington. Section 15. The page-head titles shall consist of the name of the author and catch -title of paper. Section 16. The date of publication of each brochure shall be that upon which the edition is delivered to the Committee on Publications. Section 17. The brochures shall be distril)uted immediately by the Committee on Publications to subscribing members of the Society not in arrears for dues, and for an annual price of three dollars to regular subscribers, and to others in exchange or otherwise as the Council may authorize. The undistributed copies of each edition shall be filed and held for sale by the Committee on Pul)lications at prices fixed ])y them. PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets in the Asseml)ly Hall of the Cosmos Clul) on alternate Saturdays at 8 p. m. Brief notices of the meetings, with abstracts of the papers, are publislied in Science. January 6, 1906 — 409th Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 40 persons present. J. W. Titcomb exhibited a mud nest of the hornero or red oven-bird (Furnarius rufus) from Argentina. L. 0. Howard remarked upon the New Orleans meeting of the A. A. A. S. Henry Van Deman exhibited two large apples, the Newtown and Esopus, from the Hood River N'alley, Oregon. The following communication was presented: Alvin Scale: Notes on the Natural History of the South Pa- cific Islands. Proceedings. xv January 20, 1906 — 410th Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 70 persons present. Albert INIann related a case of the capture and raising from thei floor of a snake by a spider in Pennington (N. .J.) Seminary. H. S, Barber noted an attack by the larva of a caryatid beetle upon a ring neck snake. T. S. Palmer called attention to the importation of the kea, one of the parrots, into the United States, and of the arrival of ten thousand canaries, the largest single shipment ever received in this country. The following communication was presented : C. Hart Merriam: Is Mutation a Factor in the Evolution of the Higher Vertebrates?* February 3, 1906— 411th Meeting. The President in the chair and 65 persons present. The President read an invitation to the Society from the St. Louis Academy of Science to participate at a dinner commemo- rative of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Academy. T. Wayland Vaughan exhilnted a head of coral, Orbicella cavernosa, with an unexplained difference in the size of its polyps. The following communications were presented: T. Wayland ^\aughan : The Work of De \'ries and its Im- portance in the Study of the Problems of Evolution. Gerrit S. Miller, .Ir., (read by T. W. Vaughan): An Instance of Striking Specific Differentiation of Mammals under Uniform Environment. February 17, 1906 — 412th Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 32 persons present. The following communications were presented: Paul Bartsch: Variation in the Shell of Goniobasis virginica, with an Outline for Breeding experiments. 0. F. Cook : The Nature of Evolutionary Motion. f * Proc. A. A. A. S., LV, 383, 1906. Science N. S. XXIII, No. 581, 241, Feb. 16, l'.)06. t Aspects of Kinetic Evolution. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., VIII, 197, 1906. xvi The Biological Society of Washington. March 3, 1906 — 413th Meeting. The President in the chair and 32 persons present. The following communications were presented : L. 0. Howard: The Gypsy Moth and the Brown -tailed Moth and the Introduction of their European Parasites.* A. S. Hitchcock: A Synopsis of the Genus TripsaciimA March 17, 1906 — 414th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons present. The following communications were presented. J. W. Gidley : Evidence Bearing on Tooth-cusp Development, Based on a Study of Mesozoic IMammals.t M. C. Marsh: Hemoglobin Estimates and Blood Counts in Fishes in Health and Disease. § Austin H. Clark: A Case of Melanism in West Indian Honey Creepers. 1 1 March 31, 1906 — 4i5fh Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 29 persons present. The following communications were presented : Ch. Wardell Stiles: A Plan to Ensure the Establishment of Type Species of Genera. H Rodney H. True : The Cultivation of Tea in the United States. April 14, 1906 — 416th Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 75 persons present. The following communication was presented: D. T. MacDougal : The Delta and Desert of the Rio Colorado.** * Yearbook, Dept. Agric, 1905. t Bot. Gaz. 41, 294, April, 1906. X Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., VIII, 91, 1906. § Wash. Med. Ann., I, 397, 1902. II West Indian Black Forms of the Genus Cuereba. Auk XXIII, 392, Oct., 1906. H Science N. S., XXIIl, No. 592, 700, May 4, 1906. ** Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc, Jan., 1906. Contr. N. Y. Bot. Gard., No. 77. Proceedings. xvii May 12, 1906 — 417th Meeting. The following communications were prestnttMl : W. J. Spillman : Mendelian Characters in Cattle.* T. H. Kearney : The Excretion of Hygroscopic Salts 1)y Cer- tain Desert Plants. t October 20, 1906 — 418th Meeting. The President in the chair and 50 persons present. B. W. Evermann noted the successful introduction of Chinook salmon in Lake Sunapee, N. H. J. N. Rose exhiljited a curious desert plant, Calibanus, re- sembling a puff-ball. + C. V. Piper exhibited a specimen of the Japanese "hagi" (Lespedeza bicolor), showing the peculiar fasciation. The following communication was presented : W. J. Spillman: The Mechanism of Heredity. November 3, 1906 — 4igth Meeting. The President in the chair and 27 persons present. The following communications were presented : Theodore Gill : The Work of Pterophryne and the Flying Fishes. M. W. Lyon, Jr.: Local Races of Bornean Squirrels. Karl F. Kellerman: The Use of Copper in Sanitation. November 17, 1906 — 420th Meeting. ' \'ice-President Hay in the chair and 40 persons present. A. S. Hitchcock made some remarks on the code of nomen- clature adopted by the International Congress of Zoologists at Vienna . A. A. Doolittle exhibited an abnormal rose. The following communications were presented : Edward L. Greene: On So-called Rhus Toxicodendron. Barton W. Evermann : Fish Culture and Fish and Game Pro- tection in the Cornell and Yale Forest Schools. William Palmer: A Record of the Black Rat in Virginia. * Science N. S., XXIII, No. 588, 549, Apr. 6, 1906. t Science N. S., XIX, No. 480, 419, Mch. 11, 1904. t Contr. Nat. Herb., 10: 90, 1906. xviii Thr Biologiral Society of Washington. December i, 1906 — 421st Meeting. The President in the chair and 50 persons present. T. E. A\^ilcox called attention to the increase of quail and cottontail rabbits in central New York. B. W . Evermann informed the Society of the death of two naval officers who have furthered biological science, Lieutenant Franklin Swift, retired, of the steamer Fish Hmvk, on November 10, and Lieutenant-Commander LeRoy M. Garrett, of the steamer Albatross, on November 21. The following communications were presented : L. O. Howard: Polyembryony and Fixation of Sex.* John W. Titcoml) : Principles and Methods of Fish Culture. December 15, 1906 — 4220! Meeting. TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. The President in the chair and 50 persons present. The annual reports of the committees, Recording Secretary, and Treasurer were read and accepted. The following officers were elected for the year 1907 : President : Leonard Stejneger. Vice-Presidents: T. S. Palmer, \V. P. Hay, E. L. Greene, E. W. Nelson. Recording Secretary : M. C. Marsh. Corresponding Secretary : Wilfred H. Osgood. Treasurer: Hugh M. Smith. Councillors : A. D. Hopkins, J. N. Rose, A. K. Fisher, A. B, Baker, David White. . The President announced the following standing committees for the year 1907: Publications : W . P. Hay, Wilfred H. Osgood, Hugh M. Smith. Communications : Vernon Bailey, A. B. Baker, A. D. Hop- kins, J. X. Rose, J. W. Titcomb. * Science .N. S., XXIV, No. 625, 810, Dec. 21, lOOfi. Vol. XIX pp. 1-2 January 29, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON ORCHIDS NEW TO FLORIDA. BY OAKKS AMES. Since the publication oi my paper entitled Additions to the Orchid Flora of Florida " which appeared' in these proceedings on pages 115-117 of Vol. XVII, several species have come to hand Avhich have never been reported as natives of Florida. Four of them belong to genera new to the United States. All are of \V^est Indian origin, as far as it is possible to ascertain — an interesting fact in view of the peculiarly West Indian char- acter of the Floridian orchid flora. With one exception, all of these orchids were collected by Mr. A. A. Eaton in 1904 and 1905. Pleurothallis gelida Lindl. Ten miles northeast of Everglade, Lee County, March 23-26, 1905, A. A. Eaton, No. 1401. The plants at the time they were found were not in flower, but subsequently, in December, 1905, produced flowers under culti- vation. P. gdlda Lindl. belongs to the section Spalhaceae. The coria- ceous leaves often exceed 14 cm. in length ; the deliciously scented flowers are yellowish, pilose-hairy, and from 7 to 8 mm. long, in an upright raceme. The lip is cuneate, bicarinate. P. imivnginata Lindl., which is closely allied to P. gelida, and might readily be mistaken for it, has smaller flowers and lacks the two longitudinal carinae on the lip. This is the first species o{ Pleurothallw which has been found in Florida. Vanilla phaeantha Rchb. f. Fahkahatcliie Cypress, Lee County, June 10, 1904, A. A. Eaton, No. 1129. Probably the Vanilla phnifolia Andr. of Chapman's Flora. The species of Vanilla are very difficult to study from herbarium material, as most of the large collections are scrappy, insufficient and quite unsatis- factory. I have compared Eaton's No. 1129 with authentic material at Kew and can discover no differences which would invalidate my determi- nation. T'. phaeantha Rchb. f. and V. Eggersii Rolfe appear to l)e the only representatives in Florida of the genus Vanilla. 1— Pi!OC. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (1) 2 Ames — JVotes on Orchids New to Florida. Prescottia oligantha Lindl. Hammofk, near Gossmans, Dade County, February 22, 1905, A. A. Eatnn^ No. 1211. Tlie first collection of tliis species in Florida was made ])y INIr. Eaton in 1903, wlien specimens were sent to North Easton alive, together with specimens of Cnmichis muscom, Sw. Its identity was not ascertained until January 14, 1905, when it bloomed under cultivation. The genus Prescottia lias not heretofore been reported from Florida. Hormidium tripterum Cogn. On Pop Ash in cypress head, 10 miles northeast of Everglade, Lee County, March 23-20, 1905, A. A. Eaton, No. 1400. Hormidium is nearly allied to Epidtndrum and is new to Florida. Tetramicra Eulophiae Rchb. f. Dade County, November 10, 1903, Carter, Eaton and Small. The material on which my determination is based was collected in an immature condition. Only a few plants were found. The name given above is merely provisional, although there does not appear to be much doubt regarding the identity of the plants. The genus Tetramicra is new to Florida. Campylocentrum pachyrhizum Rolfe. (Syn. Aeranthus spathaceus Grisebach.) On deciduous trees, northeast of Everglade, Lee County, March 23-26, 1905, A. A. Eaton, No. 1387. This is a larger species in every way than Campylocentrum porrertnm Rolfe, whicli has already been reported from peninsular Florida. Roots 4 mm. broad ; flowers numerous. Vol. XIX,' pp. 3-6 January 29, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON IDENTITY OF THOMOMYS UMBRINUS (RICHARDSON), BY VERNON BAILEY. In 1829, Richardson described and named Geomys umbrinus from a specimen then in possession of Mr. Lead beater, a London dealer in natural history specimens. The name has since been the cause of much confusion and has been applied to or placed in synonomy under various species of Thomomi/s or else rejected as undeterminable. This state of confusion has resulted from lack of a definite type locality. Richardson's statement that the specimen "came from Cadadaguois, a town in the south- western part of Louisiana," is evidently an error, as the only use of such name in that region was for the Cadadaguois Indian settlements on the Red River in northeastern Texas. This place, however, is several hundred miles from the range of any species of Thomomys. Hence, if the name umbrinus is ever fixed it nuist be by identification of a known species with the original Leadbeater specimen, now in the British Museum. In March, 1905, Dr. Merriam sent to Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., then in London, specimens of Thomomys fulvus, fossor, and lachnguilla, the three species nearest in range to the region that in 1829 was comprised in southwestern Louisiana, for comparison with the type specimen of umbrinus. Mr. Miller found that none of these agreed in either cranial or external characters with the type, which he described in detail as follows : The type of Thomomys umbrinus is a formerly mounted specimen in the British Museum, No. 55. 12. 24. 205, a male in good condition, and with skull in good condition except for one zygoma, one bulla, and the right half of the occipital region. It is a Thomomys but not the same as any of those sent for comparison. Externally it is most like fulvus, but smaller and with more slender claws, especially in front. Color above about as in fulvus, but slightly darker, underparts entirely different, much as in fossar [pale buffy] but even paler, with almost a sharp line of demarkation along 2— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (3) 4 Bailey — Identity of Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson). sides ; a white patch on chin and throat ; tail as in fossor, but a little darker, apparently dirty, not bicolor as in fulvus ; feet dull whitish. Skull nearer that of fulvus than of fossor or lachuguilla, but smaller, the rostrum shorter and relatively broader, nasals and premaxilla; ending in line wdth each other ; anterior base of zygoma, viewed from above, emargi- nate instead of rounded, lachrymal applied almost entirely to zygoma in- stead of frontal. [Description accompanied by rough drawing showing peculiarity of zygoma.] Measurements. — Skin, measured dry : Total length 220; tail 45 ; hind foot 2fi. Skull: Greatest length 37.6; diastema 14 ; front of occiput to tip of nasals 34 ; nasals 13 ; interorbital constriction 6.4 ; zygomatic breadth (approximately) 26 ; upper tooth row (alveola) 7.8. From this description it was evident that the type did not agree with any species of Thomomys from the United States, but that it did agree closely with an unrecognized species in the Biological Survey Collection, from Boca del Monte, Vera Cruz, Mexico. After Mr. Miller's return, one of the Boca del Monte specimens was sent to ,]Vtr. Oldfield Thomas, Curator of Mam- mals in the British Museum, for comparison with the type. Mr. Thomas kindly made the comparison and was not convinced that they were the same ; but the discrepancies which he pointed out, namely, broad and strongly orange-colored incisors, longer nasals, broader posterior tip of premaxilla?, larger size, and much stronger color of the type specimen, are practically covered hy individual variation in the series from Boca del Monte. The full size photograph of the skull of the type, fur- nished by Mr. Thomas and here reproduced, shows unmistakable characters, restricting umbrin us to a group of forms occurring only in southern Mexico. The strongly emarginate, instead of rounded, anterior base of the zygoma does not occ-ur in any species of TJiomomys from the United States. The combination of this character with a short wide skull, projecting incisors, wide pos- terior part of premaxilla?, and the peculiar position of the lachrymal which lies almost entirely against the jugal instead of mainly against the frontal, occurs only in orizabse, peregrinus and the Boca del Monte form. External characters which still further restrict the name umbrinus to the Boca del Monte form are the white throat and light lowerparts, in strong contrast to the dark upperparts. Boca del Monte also has the advantage of being the farthest east and probably, previous to 1829, one of Bailey — Identity of Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson). 5 SkulI/S of Thomomys fulvus and umbrinus. All natukal size. No. 32,058 Thomomys fulvus from Springerville, Arizona. No. 1,122 Thomomys umbrinus. Photograph of type specimen in British Museum. Nos. 64,091 and 64,092 Thomomys umbrinus from Boca del Monte, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 6 Bailf)/ — Identity of Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson). the most accessible localities in Southern Mexico from which any species of Thomomys is known. The following description is based on 8 specimens from Boca del Monte, Vera Cruz, Mexico: Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson). Geomys umbrinus Richardson. Fauna BoreaU-Americana, I, pp. 190 and 202, 1829. General characters. — Size medium, hind foot 27 to 28; colors dichromatic, dull umber brown or plumbeous black ; skull short and wide with strongly projecting incisors. Color. — Upperparts, in brown phase, dull burnt umber or Prouts brown, varj'ing to nearly black in some specimens; lowerparts lightly washed with pale buff or whitish, in some specimens sharply contrasted with dark upperparts; feet, tip of tail, chin, and sometimes throat, white. In black phase slaty Ijlack all over except white chin, feet, and tip of tail. Skull. — Short and wide with incisors projecting well beyond nasals ; angle of frontal projecting into notched anterior base of zygoma ; lachrymal applied for nearly its whole length to zygoma ; premaxillse of approximately the same length as nasals and widest near blunt posterior tips ; incisors slender, in comi)arison with those off alms; color of incisors varying from light yellow to dark orange. Measurements. — Average of seven adults from Boca del Monte : Total length, 19.3; tail vertebrae, 58; hind foot, 27. Skull, No. 64,091, c?, from Boca del Monte : Greatest length, 36 ; diastema, 13.5 ; front of occiput to tip of nasals, 33 ; nasals, 12.5 ; interorbital constriction, 6.4 ; zygomatic breadth, 24 ; alveolar length of upper molar series, 7.5. Vol. XIX, pp. 7-16 January 29, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SOME OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE AMERICAN^^^_ ' FAMILIES OF OLIGOMYODIAN PASSERES.* BY ROBERT RIDGWAY. By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. This section of the Superfamily Mesomyodif comprises, ac- cording to Dr. Sclater, eight family groups, namely, the " Oxyrhamphidffi " (Oxyruneida^), Tyrannidse, Pipridae, Cotin- gida3, Phytotomidse, Philepittida?, Pittidae and Xenicidse, all of which, except the three last named, are peculiar to America, the families of Mesomyodi being distinguished in Dr, Sclater 's keys ' ' as follows : OUGOMYOD^.J a. Tarsus exaspidean. a^. Toes nearly free (as in the Oscines). ( Bill incurved, hooked - - - 1. Tyrannidse. t Bill straight, pointed . - - 2. Oxyrhamphidee. b^ Toes more or less united - - - 3. Pipridae. h. Tarsus pycnaspidean. { Bill elongated, compressed, not serrated 4. Cotingidse. I \ Bill short, conical, serrated - - 5. Phytotomidae. c. Tarsus taxaspidean 6. Philepittidee. d. Tarsus ocreate. f Rectrices 12 7. Pittidse. \ Rectrices 10 8. Xenicidae. * OUgomyodx Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 471, part (includes Eurylaimidae).— Oligomyadi Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 517 (Eurylaimidae excluded).— ifaptoo- phonx Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 517, 518 (comprises Tyrannidse, Rupicolidse, and Pipridse) ; Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 389-391 (adds Philepittidse and " Acanthisittidie" == Xenicidse).— 7VTOn"o*de« Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 460, 463. t See Birds of North and Middle America, I, p. 16. X Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 2. § The Cotingidse of Dr. Sclater includes the Rupicolidee. 3— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (7) 8 Ridgivai/ — American Families of OUgomyodian Passeres. Tracheophon^.* A. Sternum with one pair of posterior notches. a. Tarsus endaspidean . - . . i. Dendrocolaptidae.f b. Tarsus taxaspidean ----- 2. Formicariidae. B. Sternum with two pairs of posterior notches. a. Tarsus exaspidean . - . . .j. Conopophagidae. b. Tarsus taxaspidean ----- 4. Pteroptochidse. It is thus seen that the character of the tarsal envelope is Dr. Sclater's chief reliance in the discrimination of these groups. This character is undouhtedly one of considerable importance, probably the most important of any single external character; but unfortunately when carefully tested it does not work out so beautifully as would appear from Dr. Sclater's presentation of the case. If it did, certain genera referred 1)3' him to the Tyrannida* would belong to tlie Cotingid^e, while a considerable numl)er of genera referred Ijy him to the latter group could not be placed at all, since their tarsal envelope is neither exaspidean, pycnaspidean , taxaspidean, nor ocreate. It is evident, there- fore, that a really " workaljle " key must be based on other characters in addition to that of the tarsal envelope. An effort to devise a satisfactory one has engaged a considerable amount of my time; but, while I believe that some improvement has been made, I nnist confess that it does not wholly satisfy me, and the results are herewith presented only as a provisional class- ification, with the observation that a really natural one is scarcely possible until the internal structure oi all the genera has been studied. Provisional Key to the Famii,U':s of INIesomyodi. a. Syrinx broncho-tracheal (typically Passerine). {OUgomyodi.) b. Syringeal muscles anachromyodous ; tarsal envelope exaspidean; middle toe coherent with outer toe for not more (usually less) than the whole length of its basal phalanx. c. Bill cuneate, its tip acute and not at all uncinate. 1. Oxyruncidse. cc. Bill not cuneate nor acute, its tip more or less uncinate. 2. Tyrannidse. bb. Syringeal muscles catacromyodous ; tarsal envelope not exaspidean, or else (Pipridae) the middle toe coherent with outer toe for more than its basal phalanx or (genus Plpreoln of Piprida;) coherent with inner toe for whole of its basal plialanx. c. Temporal fossse normally Passerine. d. Intrinsic muscles normally catacromyodous ; tongue not penicil- late. * Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 2. ■j- The Dendrocolaptidse of Dr. Sclater includes the very distinct family Furnariidse. Rid gum/ — American Families of Oligomyodian Passer es. 9 e. Rectrices 12 ; bill not subulate nor acute ; tarsal envelope not fused. f. Heteromerous (the main artery of the thigh femoral). g. Tarsal envelope exaspidean (as in Oxyruncidse and Ty- rannidre) ; second phalanx of middle toe partly (some- times wholly) coherent with outer toe or else (genus Piprites) the first phalanx wholly coherent with inner toe. 3. Pipridse. (j(/. Tarsal envelope not exaspidean (usually pyenaspidean, holaspidean or modified taxaspidean) ; second phalanx of middle toe wholly free from outer toe (or else, in genus Pliant Iclrcus, inner side of tarsus feathered), never wholly coherent with inner toe. - 4. Cotingidas. f. Homoeomerous (the main artery of thigh sciatic). g. Bill compressed, with smooth tomia ; head with a conspic- uous, compressed, semicircular, bilateral crest; outermost primary abruptly attenuated at tip ; inner secondaries abnormally broad, truncated. - - 5. Rupicolidse. gg. Bill conical (finch-like), with serrated tomia ; head with- out crest ; outer primary and inner secondaries normal . 6. Phytotomidae. ee. Rectrices 10; bill subulate, acute; tarsal envelope fused (ocreate). 7. Xenicidae.* dd. Intrinsic nuiscles peculiarly expanded at lower insertion, not attached to bronchial semirings, which are peculiarly modi- fied ; tongue penicillate. - - - 8. Philepittidse. cc. Temporal fosste extending across occipital region of skull, the two of opposite sides nearly meeting on median line. 9. Pittidae. aa. Syrinx tracli€'al. {TracJifopJiorne.) b. One pair of tracheo-bronchial muscles ; tarsal envelope exaspidean or taxaspidean ; metasternum 4-notched (except in Formicariidte). c. Metasternum 4-notched ; tensor patagii brevis quasi-picarian ; nares holorhinal. d. Tarsal envelope exaspidean ; no intrinsic muscles ; sterno-tra- chealis not attached to processus- vocal es ; palate schizogna- thous ; mesorhinium normal ; nostrils not conspicuously oper- culate. 10. Conopophagidae. (/(/. Tarsal envelope taxaspidean ; intrinsic muscles present ; sterno- trachealis attached to processus vocales ; palate aegithogna- thous (Oscine) ; mesorhinium compressed and arched, or expanded into a flattened oval shield ; nostrils conspicuously operculate. - - - - - 11. Pteroptochidae. cc. Metasternum 2-notched ; tensor patagii brevis normally Passerine ; nares schizorhinal. - - - - 12. Formicariidee. bh. Two pairs of tracheo-bronchial muscles ; tarsal envelope endaspid- ean ; metasternum 2-notched. * See Pycraft, Ibis, Oct., 1905, 603-621, pi. 13, where the possibility of nearer relation- ship to Furnariidte is suggested. 10 Ridgway — American Families of Oligomi/odian Passeres. c. Nares liolorhiiial or modified schizoiliinal ; palate scliizognathous ; outer toe much shorter than middle toe (not conspicuously longer than inner toe), the three anterior toes coherent for much less than full length of their basal phalanges. 13. Furnariidae. cc. Nares holorhinal ; palate aegithognathous or senii-desmognathous ; outer toe nearly (sometimes quite) as long as middle toe, both conspicuously longer than inner toe, the three anterior toes coherent (fused) for entire length of their basal phalanges. 14. Dendrocolaptidae. It should be stated here that the Tracheophonae have not yet been critically studied by me and that the above scheme is purely eclectic. It may 1)6 that when these are taken in hand a similar nonconformity of the character of the tarsal envelope to Dr. Sclater's keys may be discovered as in the case of the Co- tingidse. The same remarks apply in part to the Oligomyodian family Pittidse. So few of the INIesomyodian forms have been studied as to their internal structure that I feel sure a satisfactory increase of our knowledge in this respect will result in more or less funda- mental modification of our present views as to their classifica- tion. The anachromyodous syrinx and homoeomerous thigh- artery of many genera of Tyrannidte as well as the catacromyo- dous syrinx and heteromerous thigh of many forms of PipridjB and Cotingidse are, for example, merely assumed, and there may be many exceptions to these supposedly diagnostic charac- ters of the groups in question. So far as external characters are concerned, certainly some genera commonly referred to the Cotingidae can be separated from the Tyrannidae only by their non-cxaspidean tarsal envelope, and at the same time certain genera commonly referred to the Tyrannidae also have the tarsal envelope non-exaspidean. In the group called Cotingidae the character of the tarsal envelope is exceedingly variable, and the homogeneity of the group is open to very serious doubt. Of all external characters, to which present recourse is necessarily limited, the character of the tarsal envelope is by far the most nearly diagnostic, for the Oligomyodi may be sharply divided into two major groups, one of which, comprising Oxyruncidae, Tyrannidae (as here defined) and Pipridae, having the tarsus exaspidean, the other, comprising Cotingidae, Rupicolidae, and Phytotomidae, among American forms, having the tarsus Ridgway — American Families of Oligomyodian Passer es. 11 non-exaspidean. I am led to attach great value to this character for the reason that no matter how great the variations in general form or specialization of other characters within the Tyrannidae and Pipridae the character of the tarsal envelope is practically uniform throughout these groups. Tyrannid^. In order to get as clear an understanding as possible of the class- ification of the Tyrannidse, all the genera available* have been carefully examined and compared. Many days were devoted to an attempt to construct a " key " to all the genera in hand, but it finally became evident that the undertaking was much too formidable for the limited time which could be devoted to it, and tli^refore it became necessary to restrict the key to those genera belonging to North and Middle America, together with a few South American genera which were included for purpose of comparison. Even with this elimination of half the genera the task has proven exceedingly difficult and the results far from satisfactory, although it is believed that some improvement has been made over the ' ' purely provisional ' ' arrangement in Vol . XIV of the ' ' Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum , ' ' in which the so-called families are without question purely artificial and the allocation of certain genera obviously wrong. f The subject has called forth a very pertinent and interesting paper by Dr. von Ihering,+ in which a partial reconstruction of Dr. Sclater's " subfamilies," based on biological facts (chiefly the character of nests and eggs), is shown to be necessary, the proposed changes being as follows : (1) The Taeniopterinas restricted by elimination of the genera Sayornis, Sisopygis and, probably, Machetornis . (2) The Platyrhynchinse divided into two groups, Euscarth- minge and Serpophaginae. * The only genera not seen by me are Ochthomis Sclater, Cemtotriccus Cabanis, Pseudo- triccus Taczanovvski and Berlepsch, Leptotriecus Cabanis and Heine, Pseudomyobius Sal- vador! and Festa, Planchesia Bonaparte, Txniotriccus Berlepsch, Chxomyias Berlepsch, and Acrochordopus Berlepsch and Hellraayr. t As an example may be cited the reference of one species of Sayornis (than which there are fewif any more natural genera) to the "Tyranninse" and the remaining species to the " Taeniopterinse," almost at opposite extremes of the arrangement ! I The Biology of the Tyrannidse with respect to their systematic arrangement. The Auk, XXI, July, 1904, 313-322. 12 Ridgway — American Families of Oliyomyodian Passer es. (3) The Elaininae restricted by elimination of the genera Rhi/nrhorych(S, Legatiis, Myiozetetes, Conopias, Pitangtis, Sirystes, and Myiodynastes, which, except the first (referred to the Eus- carthminae), sliould constitute a subfamily Pitanginse, morpho- logically intermediate ])etween the Elaininae and Tyranninae, and doubtfully separable from the latter. In my opinion these suggested modifications in the arrange- ment of the Tyrannidae are, in the main, entirely justifiable ; but I am convinced that they are but a step toward much more radical changes which will be necessary before a satisfactory exposition of the phylogeny of the group can be made; and, while not prepared to forecast these with any degree of certainty will express my belief that (1) the genera Agriornis and Musci- saxicola are each quite sui generis and are not by any means as closely related to Tfeiiio2}t era as the latter is to Tyrannus ; and (2) that a considerable number of genera do not belong to the Tyrannidae at all but must be transferred to other groups, since in none of them is the tarsal envelope exaspidean, the only ex- ternal character except that of slight syndactylism (very variable within the group) which can be said to l)e really diagnostic of the family. These genera are (1) Lawrencia which has a typic- ally Oscine tarsus and is without doubt a member of the Vire- onidae. (2) Sh'yv7atura, (3) Hapalorerciis, and (4) Hfdirura, which have taxaspidean tarsi; (5) Miisrigralla, (6) Sirystes, (7) '' Myiarrlms^'' validus and (8) Kdnvphotrigon, which have essentially holaspidean tarsi; (1)) '' Pogonotriccus^^ zeledoni, (10) '' Myiojxigis" gaimardi, (11) Tyrannidns elatvs, (12) " Tyranmdns^^ (i.e. Microtricciis) semifiavus and hrunneicapilhs, and (13) Ornithion inerme, which have essentially pycnaspidean tarsi, and (14) Cvlirirora, which has non-exaspidean tarsi and only ten rectrices. These genera, which I conclude do 'not belong to the Tyran- nidae, unless some new definition of the family be made, may be again referred to in order to show more clearly why they should be excluded from the group under consideration, as at present susceptible of definition. 1. Lawrencia Ridj^way. (Type Empidonax luniuH Lawrence.) This genus has a typical Oscine acutiplantar tarsal envelope. It lias ten obvious primaries, of which the tenth (outermost) is about half as long as Ridgway — American Families of Oligomyodian Passeres. 13 the ninth ; the basal phalanx of the middle toe is completely united to the outer toe and almost wholly adherent to the middle toe, thus agreeing, as in the wing-structure, with the Vireonidae. In fact, except for its depressed and broadly triangular " flycatcher "-like bill, the bird is minutely similar to Vireo pusillus. 2. Stigmatura Sclater and Salvin. (Type, Culidvora badytoides D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.) This bird resembles in general form and appearance the Formicariine genus Forinicivora, and probably belongs to the same family. 3. Hapalocercus Cabanis. (Type EiiscartJimus meloryphus Maximilian.) This also is possibly Formicariine in its relationships. One species has been referred to it which has the typical Tyrannine exaspidean tarsus and therefore can not be congeneric. This is Aledrurus flavlventris D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye {Hapalocercus flaviventrh Cabanis, Sclater, and others), type of the genus Myiosi/mpofes Reichenbach (Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 65), and therefore to be known as Mylosympotes flaviventris. I have not seen H. fulviceps {EuscartJmms fulviceps Sclater) nor H. acutipennis Sclater and Salvin, and therefore can not say whether they are congeneric with H. melacoryphus or not; but the former doubtless is, since what is said to be a very near relative, H. paulus Bangs, is a true Hapalocercus. 4. Habrura Cabanis and Heine. (Type, Sylvia pectoraUs Vieillot.) The tarsal envelope of Habrura, while less typically taxaspidean than that of Hapalocercus is by no means exaspidean. The inner side of the planta tarsi consists of a single continuous series of well-defined quadrate scutella; Init on the outer side of the tarsus the acrotarsium extends quite to the posterior edge except for the upper third, where three or four rather large and very distinct longitudinal scutella occupy approximately the posterior half. The last character is seen in many typical Tyrannidfe ; but in none of the latter is there ever any indication of the well-defined and continuous series of scutella along the posterior half of the inner side of the tarsus. The nostrils in Habrura are quite different from those of Haprilocercus, being roundish and nonoperculate while in the latter they are more longitudinal, relatively larger, and overhung by a rather large membraneous operculum. The proper place for these two genera is a question which I am not al)le to decide, but Habrura may not be out of place in the Cotingidte while, as suggested above, Hapalocercus may belong to the Formicariidfe. 5. Muscigralla D'Orbigny and Lefresnaye. (Type, M. brevicatula D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.) The appearance of this very peculiar form does not in the least suggest to me any relationship with the Tyrannidse, while its holaspidean tarsi certainly exclude it from that family. Possibly it is a Formicarian. 14 Ridguxiy — American Families of Oligomyodian Passeres. 6. Sirystes Cabanis and Heine. (Type, Muscicapa sibilator Vieillot.) This genus has the arrangement of the tarsal envelope precisely as in the Cotingine genera Lipaiigus and Casiornis, and if these belong to the Co- tingidse there can be no doubt that Sirystes does also. 7. "Myiarchus" validus Cabanis. (Type of genus Hylonax Ridgway.) The same remarks apply to this as to Sirystes, and I would place Hylonax between the above-named genera and Attila. 8. " Pogonotriccus " zeledoni Lawrence. (Type of genus Idiotriccus Ridgway.) In this curious form the tarsus may be called ultra-pycnaspidean, for not only the planta tarsi but also the lower portion of the acrotarsium is broken up into numerous small scutella, which on the lower portion of the tarsus are almost tuberculate. I have not seen the type species of the genus Pogonotriccus Cabanis and Heine {Muscicapa eximia Temminck) and therefore can not say whether the latter is Tyrannine or not. The only species commonly referred to the genus that I have been able to ex- amine, besides Idiotriccus zeledoni, is P. plumbeiceps Lawrence, which von Berlepsch places in the genus Tyranniscus Cabanis and Heine, an allocation in which I entirely agree. 9. "Elainea" gaimardi (D'Orbigny). {Muscicapa gaimardi D'Orbigny, = Elainea elegans Pelzeln, type of genus Elainopsis Ridgway.) This bird, while superficially resembling very closely the Tyrannine genus Myiopagis Salvin and Godman has essentially pycnaspidean tarsi, the acrotarsium extending only a little more than half way across the outer side of the tarsus and the planta tarsi covered with minute scutella. I therefore refer it to the Cotingidse. 10. Tyrannulus Vieillot. (Type, Sylvia elata Latham.) This also has essentially pycnaspidean tarsi, and for that reason is trans- ferred from the Tyrannidse to the Cotingidse. T. semiflavus Sclater and Salvin while agreeing in pycnaspidean tarsi is very different otherwise and is the type of my genus Microtriccus. 11. Ornithion Hartlaub. (Type. 0. inerme Hartlaub.) This also has pycnaspidean tarsi and is most nearly related to Micro- triccus. The bill in both these genera, but especially in Ornithion, is de- cidedly Cotingine in form. Ornithion is, so far as known, monotypic, the other species commonly referred to it being true Tyrannidae (having exas- pidean tarsi) and constitute the genus Camptostoma Sclater. Ridgivay — American Families of Oligomyodian Passeres. 15 12. Culicivora Swainson. (Type, Muscicapa stenura Temminck.) The tarsal envelope of this genus appears on first sight to be exaspidean ; but, while the acrotarf^ium entirely crosses the outer side of the tarsus and occupies the greater part of the inner side, there is interposed between the two edges a continuous series of very distinct lozenge-shaped scutella. The style of coloration (conspicuously streaked above) is very different from that of any true Tyrannine form and recalls that of some Synallaxinee (Furnariidae) or some of the smaller Formicariidse. PlPRID^. The diagnosis of this group as given l\v Dr. Sclater requires no modification, all possessing an exaspidean tarsal envelope, like the Tyrannidse, l)ut differing from the latter in having the second phalanx of the middle toe at least half (usually wholly) united to the outer toe or else (in the genus Pijmtes only) hav- ing the first phalanx of the middle toe wholly coherent with the inner toe. Ntn^rtheless the characters of the group necessitate the exclusion of one genus {Ptilochloris* Swainson) and its trans- fer to the Cotingidse, and the addition (a substraction from Cotingidse) of another (genus AuUa Bonaparte). COTINGID.E. The Cotingidae are characterized by Dr. Sclater (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 2) as Oligomyodian l)irds with pycnas- pidean tarsi — no other character for the group l)eing given. Nevertheless, as a matter of fact, a consideraljle number of the genera belonging to the group as limited by Dr. Sclater have not pycnaspidean tarsi, though it is equally true that none of them have the tarsal envelope exaspidean. The group is an exceed- ingly complex one, and I have very strong doubts as to its homogeneity. Rvpicola I certainly would exclude as a separate family, Rupicolidae ; and I believe that when more is known of their internal structure disintegration of the group will go farther. So far as external characters are concerned, I am able to diagnose the Cotingidse, as a separate group from the Tyrannidae and Pipridse, only by their different (non-exaspidean) tarsal envelope ; but if the group were limited to those forms possess- ing pycnaspidean tarsi it would be very much more restricted * I am using the names adopted by Dr. Sclater, it being unnecessary to discuss here whether Laniimma Swainson and Lanioceia Lesson should not displace Plilochloris and AiiUa respectively. 16 Ridgwai/ — American Families of Oligomyodian Passeres. than the Cotingitlae of Dr. Sclater. Those genera of Cotingidae possessing non-pycnaspidean tarsi present three recognizably different types of scutellation of the planta tarsi; two of these types approach most nearly to the holaspidean and taxaspidean, l)Ut for the third, in which the whole planta tarsi consists of smooth integument, I am unal)le to find a distinctive term. If certain genera (as Lipavgus, Casiornis, Lathria, and Attiki) which by nearly universal usage are placed in the Cotingidae really belong to that group, then most certainly do certain genera usually referred to the Tjn-annidae also belong there, for the character of the tarsal scutellation is essentially if not pre- cisely similar. These genera, Sirgstes, Bamphotrigon,* and Hylonax (type, Mginrchus valichis Gosse) I therefore add to the Cotingidae, as well as others which possess essentiall3" pycnas- pidean or at least non-exaspidean tarsi, namely, ^ ^ Pogonotriccus ' ' zeledoni (type of genus Idiotriccus Ridgway), '' Elainea" or " Mgiopagis " gaimardi (type of Elainopsis Ridgway), Tyrannv- lus elatus, " Tyrannidus'' semijiavus (type of Microtriccus Ridg- way), and Ornithion — possibly also Habrura. There should also be added a supposedly Piprine genus, Ptilochloris (or Lanii- soma), which has neither the exaspidean tarsus nor great syn- dactylism of the Pipridae. At the same time, the exclusion from Cotingidae and addition to Pipridae of the genus Aidia (or Laniocera) is made necessary, since its foot-structure and tarsal scutellation is typically Piprine. * Equals Rhynchocydua. part, of Dr. Sclater. Ramphotri(/onGrfiy, Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 1855, 146, ex " Pr. B [onapartej 1854." (Type, Plalyrhynchus nificauda Spix.) Vol. XIX pp. 17-22 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON BREEDING BIRDS OF THE SIERRA DE ANTONEZ, NORTH CENTRAL SONORA. ^.^ BY JOHN E. THAYER AND OUTRAM BANGS. 'Of^ ^ During some months last spring and summer spent in traveling about in Sonora to establish the present range of the vanishing Colinus rlrlgicayi, Mr. W. W. Brown, Ji\, made small collections of birds at several different points. Most of the places visited are pretty well known, and nothing of special interest was taken. One region, however, where Mr. Brown remained through the height of the breeding season, is le.ss well known, and a nominal list of the birds taken there is perhaps worth publishing. This place is a range of low mountains known as the Sierra de Antonez, in north central Sonora, about latitude 30°, longi- tude 110°+ and 95 miles south of the Arizona boundary, but extending almost to the boundary in a series of lower foot-hills. These mountains make a slight watershed, the Rio de Sonora and San Miguel rising there and flowing south, then west, and branches of the Gila River rising in their northern end and flow- ing north. Mr. Brown collected here from the last few days of April to the first of June, principally at Opodepe, 2,000 feet altitude, and La Chumata mine, 4,500 feet altitude ; the two places about 20 miles apart east and west. La Chumata mine is situated on the south side of La Chumata canon, 275 feet above its bottom. Through the caiion flows a brook which in the rainy season becomes quite a river, and along its banks the vegetation is luxuriant, cottonwood, birch, willow and oak being the charac- teristic trees. The peaks al)ove are rather more barren, three species of oaks being the characteristic trees, with long grass growing under them. The commoner bi'xls of the caiion were 4— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (17) 18 Tlxayer and Bangs — Breeding Birds of Xorth Central Sonora. Cooper's tanagcr, McLeod's sparrow, painted redstart, Califor- nian woodpecker, Nelson's oriole, Scott's oriole, and the wood pewee. On the higher peaks al)Ove, the hepatic tanager, Arizona ja3', Arizona woodpecker, blue gray gnateatcher, Scott's sparrow, and Mearns's quail were the characteristic species. Mr. Brown took many nests with sets of eggs ^ most interesting of which is perhaps that of McLeod's sparrow (Aimophila nicleodii Brewster), of which he secured a number of sets. Mr. Brown thinks his collection a very good representative one of the breed- ing birds of the region, as he saw l)ut one species, Uruhitinga anthracina (Licht.), that he fully identified, but failed to get. The following is a nominal list of the species taken : Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.). Opodepe. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin. La Chumata. Buteo swainsoni Bp. Opodepe. Accipiter cooperi mexicanus Swains. La Chumata. Cyrtonyx montezumge mearnsi Nelson. La Chumata. Lophortyx douglasi bensoni (Ridg. ). Opodepe. Lophortyx gambeli fulvipectus Nelson. Opodepe. Zenaidura carolinensis carolinensis (Linn.). Opodepe; La Chumata. Melopelia leucoptera (Linn.). Opodepe ; La Chumata. Scardafella inca inca (Less.). Opodepe. Columbigallina passerina pallescens Baird. Opodepe. Phseoptila latirostris (Swains.). Opodepe ; La Chumata. Colaptes chrysoides (Malh.). Opodepe. Thayer and Bangs — Breeding Birds of North Central Sonora. 19 Melanerpes formicivorus melanopogon (Teinm.). La Chunmta. The twenty-three skins taken represent a race not quite typical of any of the named forms. The bill is smaller than in Californian specimens, and the breast rather more streaked. The band on the crown is nearl)' as narrow as in august if rons. Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird). Opodepe. Dendrocopus arizonas (Hargitt). La Ciiumata. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus Sclater. Opodepe. Empidonax difficilis Baird. La Chumata. Horizopus richardsoni (Swains.). La Cliumata. Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ridg. La Chumata. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawr.). La Chumata ; ()|)ode|)e. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridg. La Chumata. Tyrannus verticalis Say. Opodepe. Tyrannus vociferans Swains. Opodepe ; La Chumata. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vig.). Opodepe. Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Ridg.). Opodepe. Nelson has separated the bird of southern Sonora, type locality Alamos, as T. c. macul'itv.^ (Auk, vol. XVII, 1900, p. 269). We can not detect any differences in the birds taken by Brown from Guaymas north to Opodej)e, and Arizona specimens, and believe they should all go with the northern form. Sialia sialis azurea (Baird). La Chumata. Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridg. La Chumata. Polioptila plumbea (Baird). Opodepe. Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapillus (Lafr.). Opodepe. 20 Thayer andWangs — Breeding Birds of North Central Sonora. Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus Oberh. La Chumate. Catherpes mexicanus poiioptilus Oberh. La Chumata Sitta carolinensis neLsoni Mearns. La Chumata. Baeolophus wollweberi annexus (Cass.). La Chumata. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sund.). Opodepe. Psaltriparus plumbeus cecaumenorum subsp. nov. La Chumata, eight adults of both sexes. Ti/pe from La Chumata mine, north central Sonora, 4,500 feet altitude, adult c? No. 14,724, collection of E. A. and 0. Bangs. Collected May 22, 1905, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Characters. — Slightly smaller than true P. plumbeus Baird of Arizona ; upperparts blue-gray (olive-gray in true P. plumbeus) ; whole head and underparts much paler. Remarks. — This is a well marked southern form of P. plumbeus. Mr. Oberholser kindly compared our eight skins with the large series at Wash- ington, and agrees with us as to its distinctness. * MEASUREMENTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Culmen. 14,724 c?ad. La Chumata 50.5 52 16.2 7 14,725 c?ad. 47.5 51 16 7 14,726 c? ad. 48 51.5 16 6.8 14,727 cTad. 48.5 49 16.4 6.8 c?ad. 49 51 16.2 6.4 14,728 9 ad. 48.5 52 16 7 14,729 9 ad. 49 52.5 16 7 9 ad. 48 50 16 6.6 Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae (Ridg.). La Chumata. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides (Swains.). Opodepe. La Chumata. Opodepe. Opodepe. Vireo button! Stephens! Brewster. V!reo bell!! arizonae Ridf Phainopepla n!tens (Swains.). Thayer and Bangh — Breeding Birds of North Central Sonora. 21 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Aud.). Opodepe. liirundo erythrogastra Bodd. Opodepe. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra (Brewst). La Chumata. Setophaga picta picta (Swains.). La Chumata. Tangavius* aeneus aeneus (Wagler). Oiiodepe. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.). Opodepe; La Chumata. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagler). Opodepe. As these specimens were taken at the very end of April and none were seen in May, they most likely were migrants. Icterus wagleri Scl. Opodepe. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridg. Opodepe ; La Chumata. Icterus parisorum Bp. La Chumata. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridg. Opodepe ; La Chumata. Piranga hepatica Swains. La Chumata. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Oberh. Opodepe ; La Chumata. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus Ridg. Opodepe ; La Chumata. This series represents a form clearly intermed- iate between C. m. frontalis (Say) and the so-called C. m. snnorifusis Ridg. of southern Sonora. Brewster, in " Birds of the Cape Region of Lower California," t has shown that the latter is not sufficiently different from C. m. ruberrimus of Cape St. Lucas to stand as a subspecies. It is always unpleasant to have to decide by what name to call an intergrade, and in this very instance other ornithologists might not agree with us. We have decided to call the specimens ruberrimus because they agree in measurements with a series of that form taken by Brown at Guaymas. In color the adult males are perhaps rather nearer frontalis, but there is much individual variation in both series. * For use of Tangavius in place of Callothrus, Cf. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. XVIII, p. 125, Apr. 18, 1905. t Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. XLI, pp. 133-135, Sept., 1902. 22 Thayer and Bang-s — Breeding Birds of North CeiUral Sonera. Opodepe. Opodepe. La Chumata. La Chumata. Opodepe. Opodepe. Opodepe. Opodepe. Aimophila quinquestriata (Scl.). Aimophila carpalis (Coues"). Aimophila mcleodii Brewster. Aimophila ruficeps scottii (Sennett). Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Rid* Spizella pallida (Swains.)- Not taken after the end of April. Spizella breweri Cassin. One 9 only, taken April 28. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (Forster). Pipilo fuscus intermedius Nelson. Opodepe. The examples taken appear to be perfectly typical, agreeing with specimens from Alamos and Guaymas, and are not as might be expected intergrades between intermedius and mesoleucus. Zamelodia melanocephala (Swains.). Opodepe ; La Chumata. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata Bp. Opodepe. Cardinalis cardinalis affinis Nelson. Opodepe ; La Chumata. Birds from this region have the bill exactly similar to those from Guaymas and Alamos, at once distinguishing them from C. c. superbus or C. c. igneiis. The only approach they show to C. c. superbus is that they are a trifle larger than examples from farther south — Alamos and Guaymas. Vol. XIX, pp. 23-24 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW BOTP.YCHIUM FROM ALABAMA. BY WILLIAM R. MAXON. By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Through the courtesy of Mr. W. C. Dukes of INfolnle, Alabama, the U. 8. National Herbarium has received within the last year an excellent scries of an unusually interesting Botrychium, from the vicinity of Mobile, which is apparently undescribcd. The writer's views as to the propriety of recognizing the various well-marked component forms of the ternatum^voup as full spe- cies, in those instances in which intermediates are not known, were expressed at some length* less than a year ago and need not be repeated. The present form, whose relationship will be discussed below, may appropriately be known as Botrychium Alabamense sp. nov. A slender delicate plant of tlie icrnatum group, 20-30 cm. higli, brandl- ing at or above the surface of the ground. Stem 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. in diameter, pale or salmon-colored, clothed below with a fibrous slieatli and emitting numerous stout spreading roots. Sterile division bright green, short- or frequently long-petiolate (average 2.5 cm.), about 12 cm. broad by 11 cm. long, fully tripinnate, or quadripinnatifid as to the basal portion of the lowermost lateral divisions, variable in outline but commonly sul)- pentagonal, the lateral divisions usually alternate; ultimate segments (in normal mature plants) approximate, or somewhat distant, alternate, ob- lique, broadly obovate, 5-10 mm. broad, subequally and strongly cuneate to a narrow adnate base, rarely with a shallow lateral lobe ; margins unequally and conspicuously tiuibriate, particularly in the larger specimens ; texture thin, flaccid, the veins readily perceptible. Sporophyll averaging 22 cm. in length, slender, often arcuate or even flexuose, uniformly of a decided salmon color (excepting the apical third) as are also the main vascular parts of the sterile division ; panicle 7-10 cm. long, bipinnate or rarely tri- pinnate, basal branch averaging 3.5 cm. in length. Known to the writer only from the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama, and chiefly through a fine series collected by Mr. Dukes at Spring Hill, at an * A New Botrychium from Jamaica.— Bull. Torrey Club 32 : 219-222. 1905. 5— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (23) 24 Maxon — A New Botryckium from Alabama. elevation of 200 feet, some six or seven miles west of that city. Of these specimens, No. 510,782, U. S. National Herbarium, collected in August, 1905, is designated as type. The only other material seen is a single sheet of small plants collected somewhere in the vicinity of Mobile by the late Dr. Chas. Mohr, who regarded them as "an ambiguous form" which he was unable to place with certainty. The following note on habitat is kindly contributed by Mr. Dukes: "Nearly all the material of this plant [B. Alabamensf] has been found at Spring Hill. * * * The few isolated plants so far found at lower eleva- tions were small and nearly always misshapen. The best specimens are invariably found in open thickets under the shelter of cedars and yanpon trees or along yaupon hedges at the edges of old abandoned fields and pas- tures. Like all the Botrychia in this section it is found in colonies of from two or three to often as many as fifty or more. * * * It puts up its new frond after the late summer rains, towards the middle "of August, at about the same time as B. tenuifnlimn, and is often found growing in close prox- imity to the latter ; indeed, you seldom find one without finding the other also. The fruiting fronds develop ordinarily from the middle of September to the first of October but vary several weeks according to weather condi- tions ; during dry seasons they are late in appearing." The present form stands somewhat between B. obliquum and B. hiter- natum. From the former, which in a typical state is apparently altogether wanting from Alabama, it differs conspicuously in its lax habit, usually longer-stalked divisions and short rounded segments. From the latter species, which is well known for its unique seasonal character {i. e. fruiting in early spring), it departs otherwise in the greater size of all its parts, its non-prostrate habit, decidedly thinner texture and less divaricate branch- ing. In a way, however, dwarfed plants of B. A lahamense and uncommonly robust specimens of B. biternatum simulate each other rather closely and offer a possible suggestion as to the origin of the latter. Further discussion of their relationship may well be deferred until the publication of a paper which Mr. Dukes has prepared, descriptive of B. biternalum as it occurs in Alabama, with particular reference to its peculiar seasonal appearance. But whatever their phytogeny may have been it appears scarcely open to question that the two are at the present time specifically distinct. Incidentally it may be mentioned that the plants to which Mr. Dukes re- fers as B. fenulfitlium are much larger than those originally described by Professor Underwood and not altogether typical in cutting. Vol. XIX, pp. 25-28 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ^ BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW CARNIVORES FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA. V-^ BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. ^^'^ Among the mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Malay Peninsula and presented to the United States National Museum are the following carnivores, neither of which appears to have been hitherto described. Arctogalidia major sp. nov. Type. — Young adult male* (skin and skull), No. 83,510, United States National Museum. Collected in Trong, Lower Siam, September 3, 1896, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Characlers. — A black-eared, heavily striped animal like the Bornean Arctogal'uiia stigmalicd, but differing from this species as well as from the white-eared, indistinctly striped A. leucMiK of the INIalay Peninsula, in its larger size ; basilar length of skull about 110 mm. instead of about 95- 105 mm. Color. — General color a light broccoli-brown, with a silvery gloss on back and a distinct wash of ochraceous-buff on sides of body and outer surface of legs, this wash particularly noticeable on neck. Underparts dull, gray- ish ochraceous-buff. Ears, feet, and terminal half of tail black. Muzzle and a distinct area behind antl above ear black. Crown and cheeks a clear grizzled gray contrasting slightly with more yellowish neck. Dorsal stripes clear black and well defined, the lateral extending forward to dark area behind ear. Basal half of tail like back, but crossed by faint though evident blackish transverse bauds nearly 10 mm. wide. Ten of these bands can be counted ; they then become confused and crowded, merging quickly into black terminal area. Skull and Teetli. — As compared with that of a slightly older male Arclo- galidin sligmndcii. from near Sandakan, Borneo, the skull differs in its noticeably more robust form. Although only about 3.5 mm. more in greatest * Permanent dentition in place bnt nnworn ; sntures of rostrum and brainease plainly visiblL'. 6— Proc. Bior,. Soc. Wash., Vol.. XIX, lOOii. (25) 26 Millet — Two New Carnivores from the Malay Peninsvla. length the sknW of Arctogalidia rnojar exceeds that of A. stigmnticahyS mm. in greatest breadtli of rostrum and by 5 mm. in mastoid 1)readth. The audital bull;« are relativelj^ larger in the larger annual, their greatest length, including paroccipital process, 23.4 mm. instead of 19.6 mm. As compared with that of Arctogalidia kucolis the skull shows much the same differences, though even more noticeably (see cranial measurements). The teeth show no special peculiarities, though they appear to Ije relatively smaller than in A. stigrnatica. Measurements. — External measurements of type: Total length, 124oJ head and body, 560 ; tail vertebrte, 6S5 ; hind foot, 1)7 (92). Skull: Great- est length, 118 (105)*; upper length, 107 (95) ; condylobasilar length, 114 (101.4); basilar length, 109 (96); palatilar length, 62.6 (58); breadth of palate between carnassials, 17 (15.4); breadth of posterior extension of palate, 12.2 (9) ; breadth of rostrum across roots of canines, 21.8 (19.4) ; constriction in front of postorbital processes, 21.6 (17) ; constriction behind postorbital processes, 17.2 (17) ; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 35, (36.2); mastoid breadth, 42.8 (37); mandible, 86.6 (80.4) ; maxillary toothrovv exclusive of incisors, 41 (37); upper incisor row, 10 (8.6) ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors, 45 (40). Specimens examined. — One, the ty()e. Remurks. — This species appears to be a large continental representative of tlie widely distributed Arctogalidia stigrnatica group. It is the largest known member of the genus, and the size of its skull is alone sufficient to distinguish it. From the other species occurring on the Malay Peninsula, A. leucotis, it is separable by color as well as by size, as the ears show no tendency to develop the conspicuous white patch on distal half, and the dorsal streaks retain their outline complete. Paradoxurus robustus sp. nov. Tijpe. — Adult female (skin and skull) No. 86,796, United States National Museum. Collected in Trong, Lower Siam, February 13, 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Characters. — Like Paradoxurus leucomystax from the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, f but size not as great, and color not as dark. Color. — Type: Upperparts a light dull buff, paler and clearer on sides, somewhat tinged with russet over middle of back, the hairs everywhere black-tipi)ed, but the dark- color very inconspicuous except on crown, neck, and shoulders, where it ])roduces an evident clouding. Back without stripes or sj)ots. Feet and ears blackish. Ui)per half of cheeks light buff, clearer and more yellow than that of body, fading into huffy gray on fore- head and median line of muzzle. Sides of muzzle and lowerhalf of cheeks to and including eyes dark hair-brown, slightly grizzled with grayish buff. Whiskers pale buff. Underparts and inner surface of legs dull buff, paler and less yellow than that of Ridgway, somewhat darkened by a wash of ♦Measurements in parenthesis are those of a much older maXQ Arctogalidia leucotis from Red Point, Tenasserim (No. 124,227). t The type of Paradoxurus leucomystax formed part of the Rattles collection, and was therefore probably taken in this region or in western Sumatra, Millei — Two New Carnivores from the Mala]/ Peninaula. 27 hair-brown on chin and throat. Tail like body, but darkening to a uniform dull, blackish tip. Skull and Teeth.— Except for the differences in measurements, and a ten- dency toward greater robustness, the skull and teeth essentially agree with those of Paradoxurus leucomystax. Measurements. — External measurements of type : Head and body, 653 ; tail vertebrae, 602; hind foot, 100 (96). External measurements of an adult male (No. 124,279) from Telok Besar, Tenasserim: Head and body, 640 ; tail vertebrae, 565 ; hind foot, 99 (96). Skull of type : Greatest length, 126 (134)*; upper length, 116; condylobasilar length, 121 (133); basilar length, 116.4 (127); palatilar length, 57 (63) ; width of palate including molars, 41 (41.4) ; least width of palate between incisors and canines, 14 (16) ; interpterygoid space, 27 x 14 (26 x 14.6) breadth of rostrum across roots of ca- nines, 24; zygomatic breadth, 69 (70); constriction in front of postorbital process, 25.4 (28.4) ; constriction behind postorbital process, 22.4 (22.4) ; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 41.4 (38) ; mastoid breadth, 45 (46.8) ; occipital depth, 30.4 (31.4) ; mandible, 94 (104) ; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors, 44 (46) ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors, 50 (51). Specimens examined.— Four, two from Trong, Lower Siam, and two from Telok Besar, Tenasserim. Remarks. — An immature male from Champang, Tenasserim (No. 124,021), is not as pale as the others from the same general region, and may, perhaps, represent the dark southern form. As it retains its milk dentition it is too young to be definitely named. * Measurements in parenthesis are tliose of a young adult female (teeth slightly worn, nasals distinct except posteriorly) P. leucomystax from Perak, Brit. Mus. No. 0. 2. 4. 3. Vol. XIX, pp. 29-34 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BERMUDIAN FISHES. BY TARLETON H. BEAN. The Bermuda Expedition of the Field Museum of Natural History in 1905 obtained about 165 species of fishes of which the following appear to be undescribed : Iridio meyeri. The type of the species is 4 inches long to caudal base. Collector's num- ber 1101; Field Museum catalogue number 5496; locality, Nonsuch Id. Named for Capt. W. E. Meyer, of St. George's. D. IX, 11 ; A. Ill, 11 ; scales, 3-27-9. Head 8j in total without caudal ; depth about 4 ; eye 5 and snout 3^ in head. Anterior profile of head sti'ongly convex, mouth on level with lower axil of pectoral. Opercular flap broad, its width and length equal, 45 in head. Two canines in the front of each jaw projecting almost straight forward. Four rows of scales in front of dorsal, not meeting on median line ; scales on nape rudimentary. Lateral line begins in fifth vertical row of scales, curves upward to third row under eighth ray of soft dorsal, thence sharply down to median line, its straight portion piercing 6 scales. Anal base as long as head. Pectoral reaches to eighth scale of lateral line, not quite to vent. Ventral equal to post-orbital part of head. Body in spirits: Dusky above, pale below. A brown band from snout con- tinued behind eye to caudal ; an obscure, narrow, interrupted band below this. A dark blotch on membrane between fifth and sixth dorsal spines and one between sixth and seventh. A minute dark spot at base of last dorsal ray. A small dark blotch on upper axil of pectoral. A narrow dusky bar across interorbital space and two similar bands on nape. A narrow white streak from angle of mouth to upper axil of pectoral ; a second whitish streak from mandibular articulation across preopercle and sub- opercle. Eleven narrow, interrujited, oblique, whitish streaks on pectoral region extending back past anal origin. Iridio decoratus. Two type specimens. Cellector's number 545 ; Museum catalogue num- ber 51 28; locality. Nonsuch Id., October 4, 1905. D. IX, 11 ; A. Ill, 12; scales, 2-27-7. 7— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Voi- XIX, 1906. (20) 30 Bean — Descriptions of Neio Bervrudian Fishes. Eye equal to snout, 4 in head ; liead 3i in total to end of scales ; depth 4J. Tlie pectoral reaches to eighth rOw of scales ; ventral about one-half head, not reaching nearly to vent. Color in spirits : Brownish above middle line, paler below ; a short dark stripe on snout in front of eye; a narrow dark line from eye backward to nape ; a second irregular line also from eye below this, and a third broken line beginning behind eye and running toward origin of lateral line; a small black dot in upper axil of pectoral. Iridio elegans. Four type specimens. Collector's numbers 703, 762, 767 ; Museum cat- alogue numbers 5129, 5130, 5131. Castle Harbor at Nonsuch Id. and Cooper's Id. D. IX, 11 ; A. Ill, 12; scales, 2^-26-9. Eye 1 h in snout, 4 in head. Head 3\ in total to end of scales. Depth equal to head. Pectoral extends to tenth scale of transverse series ; ven- tral 2 head, not quite reaching vent. Colors in spirits : A narrow blue line from angle of mouth to edge of subopercle; a wavy blue line starts near angle of mouth, runs under eye and gently down toward upper axil of pectoral ; spots and broken lines of blue })ehind eye and on nape ; five pale bars from edge of back downward toward median line; a large, diffuse black blotch on anterior half of soft dorsal extending downward to lateral line ; two smaller dark blotches under last four dorsal rays; an irregular dark blotch on root of caudal ; three blue lines on body, the uppermost along lateral line, the others below median line; three short, oblique blue lines in pectoral region. Iridio microstomus. A small individual, 1 5 inches to base of caudal. Collector's number 541 ; Museum catalogue number 5138 ; belongs to the same group with /. meyeri, having only two canines, projecting forward, in each jaw. D. IX, 11 ; A. Ill, 11 ; scales, 3-27-9. Mouth small, lips broad, covering the teeth. Maxilla scarcely reaching front of eye. Head 3i, depth nearly 4 in total without caudal. Eye '6h in head. Pectoral reaches to eighth scale of lateral line, ventral nearly as far, but not nearly to vent. In spirits : A dark band from snout to eye and from eye to caudal ; a small dark spot at base of last dorsal ray and in upper axil of pectoral ; a narrow silvery streak limiting the lateral band above and meeting its fellow of the opposite side in a V shape on top of snout. Back pale lemon overlaid with dusky points ; below lateral band pale lemon yellow, lower half of head and the abdominal region silvery ; caudal tinged with orange and with an intense band of orange at base; iris dusky, overlying pink and silver. Labrisomus lentig^inosus. Type 4^ inches without caudal. Collector's number 500 ; Museum cata- logue number 5142 ; locality, tide pool at Doe's Rock, Paget Parish. Octo- ber 26,1905. Bean — Descriptions of Nov Bermndinn Fishes. 31 Head about 3, depth 4 in length to caudal. Pectoral reaches to vertical through anal origin ; ventral \ head* reaching scarcely more than half way to vent ; eye equals snout ; 4^ in head. In spirits: Pale yellow, sides with four or five faint, irregular, dull gray cross bands; head profusely sprinkled with minute dark points; pectoral with six or seven narrow, interrupted bands formed by dots on the rays; caudal with six similar bands ; no dark spot on front of spinous dorsal and none on opercle ; soft dorsal and pale mottled with darker but without evident bands. Antennarius verrucosus. Type specimen, 3] inches long without caudal. Collector's number 928 ; Museum catalogue number 4853 ; was taken in the Reac^li, >St. George's Id., in 1904. D. 111,12; A. 7; V. 6; P. 10. First dorsal spine extends to base of third spine ; "bait" absent ; second spine free ; third spine recumbent, adnate to skin of back. Second spine 3 in upper jaw ; third spine twice as long as second. Body and fins every- where rough with small prickles ; many roundish raised clusters of spinules forming elevations on sides, back and belly in front of ventrals. Upper jaw equals distance from pectoral to vent ; eye 6 in upper jaw, 4 in interorbital space. Color in spirits, pale yellowish ; inside of mouth whitish ; brownish dots and lines on head and body ; four small, roundish, ocellated dark spots on soft dorsal ; a diffuse dusky blotch on soft dorsal rays extending down on back enclosing a darker nucleus of irregular shape ; caudal of left side with ten small irregular dark spots and a few smaller ones ; an ocellated, oblong, dark spot on anal and several much smaller spots ; about eight small dark spots at bases of pectoral rays ; a dusky patch under each pectoral as long as upper jaw, its width one-third of its length ; a smaller, diffuse blotch in front of vent. Holocentrus meeki. A small-scaled Holocentrus differing from ascensionis in its short doreal and anal rays, small eye, equal caudal lobes and other characters. Types, collector's number 144, Museum catalogue number 5079, are 24 inches and 3 inches long respectively, without caudal. D. XI, 14 to 15 ; A. IV, 10 ; scales 4-54 to 55-7. Head, 3t in total without caudal ; depth, 4 ; eye, 3^ in head ; maxilla to vertical through front of eye ; i:)ectoral, | head, reaching sixteenth series of scales ; ventral, | head, ending far from vent; anal base, 2 in head, equal to longest dorsal spine, and to longest soft ray ; third anal spine 3 in head, longer and stouter than fourth. In spirits, pale brown above lateral line, shining silvery below; all of head but top silvery ; caudal peduncle purplish ; membrane of spinous dorsal blackish ; iris pale. Named for Dr. Seth E. Meek, Assistant Curator of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History. 32 Bean — Descriptions of New Bermvdian Fishes. Cryptotomus crassiceps. Two specimen?, 3] inches and 4| inches long to end of scales, collector's numher 417, Museum catalogue number 49r)4 ; Cooper's Id., September 26, 1905. D. IX, 10 to 11 ; A. II to III, 9 ; scales, li-25-G. No posterior canine tooth; in the smaller example about 12 teeth in front of upper jaw developed as canines, the two outer of which are hooked and recurved ; side teeth coalesced into a cutting edge ; in the larger ex- amples there are fewer anterior canines and two of them project straight forward. Scales on breast and bell}' notably enlarged ; last scale of lateral line enlarged and produced backward into a point. Width of head | its length ; snout pointed, subconical, 7 in total to end of scales ; eye 2 in snout ; mouth small, horizontal, its angle not reaching to front of eye; upper lip double, closely concealing the jaw. Three scales on median line in front of ven- tral ; four across median line in front of dorsal. Depth 3| in total to end of scales ; snout 3 in head. Pectoral more than h head, reaching eighth scale of lateral line ; ventral equal to snout, not nearly reaching to vent; caudal short, sub-truncate, about 3 in liead. In spirits, grayish brown above, pale below ; all fins pale except caudal which shows about (5 narrow, dusky cross bars in the smaller example ; a black blotch at upper axil of pectoral and above it a faint blue line ; isthmus dusky ; two narrow blue lines from eye to angle of moutli ; iris pale yellow, blackish at top, crossed obliquely by a blue line ; dusky color on sides forming broken lines on 3 or 4 rows of scales below lateral line. Eupomacentrus chrysus. Type specimen If inches long to end of scales, collector's number 525, Museum catalogue number 5025, from White's Flat Channel, October 6, 1905. This is almost uniform yellow, the only dark portions being the eye, a diffuse spot on the base of the spinous and soft dorsal covering five rows of scales, extending to lateral line, a dark saddle on top of caudal peduncle, a minute dark point on upper axil of pectoral, a faint dusky area on snout and nape, and about 21 very faint, narrow, dusky lines on sides, some ex- tending above lateral line but none reaching far below edge of pectoral. D. XII, 16 ; A. II, 15 ; scales, 3-28-11, pores on 18 scales. Depth 2 in total to end of scales; head, 3] ; eye, 2\ in head ; interorbital space, 3 in head. Dorsal spines regularly graduated, the last about § head. Pectoral reaches to twelfth row of scales ; ventral filamentous at tip and reaching anal origin. Hippocampus brunneus. Type, collector's number 1099, Museum catalogue number 5494, an adult male, taken at Long Bird Id., August 29, 1904. D. 18, on 3+1 rings ; rings 11+35. Eye, 2^ in snout, 6 in head; head eciual to body; depth about i| head. Dorsal base equal to snout ; longest dorsal ray 2 in snout. Bean — Descriptions of New Bermudian Fishes. 33 Chocolate in spirits ; a triangular whitish blotch immediately behind head, its greatest width 2 in snout ; a larger whitish blotcli, almost hour- glass shaped, on body, chiefly on sixth and seventh body rings, extending entirely around ; eight narrow whitish bands across back, the first at the middle of dorsal base, none of these reaching below median line. Color notes on H. hudsonius in Bull. 47, U. S. N. M., 777, may relate to H. hrun- neus, but not to H. Jmdsonius DeKay. Monacanthus tuckeri. Type specimens, collector's numbers 100, 121, 376, Museum catalogue numbers 5183, 5184, 5186, taken at the Flatts, AVell Bay, and Long Bay (Somerset). D. 35 ; A. 34 to 36. In shape resembling young Alutera. Head 3 in total without caudal ; depth at anal origin equal to head ; least depth of caudal peduncle 2^ in snout; eye 2\ in snout, 3 in head. First dorsal spine nearly \ total without caudal, with two rows of strong barbs ; second dor- sal spine as long as the eye. Color in spirits, dark brown ; an irregular white pseudo-band on under surface of head extending on body to over middle of anal base ; in the largest example this marking resembles hieroglyphics; four narrow, dark bands on first dorsal spine and four on caudal fin. Dedicated to the venerable George Tucker, M. A., archdeacon of Ber- muda, for his devotion to biological science in the colony. Vol. XIX, pp. 35-40 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PLANTAE MONTROSENSIS. I. BY AVEN NELSON AND P. B. KENNEDY. This first paper dealing with the plants of Mount Rose repre- sents joint authorship, as shown above, in so far as the study of the material and the specific descriptions are concerned. The field work and the notes are all by the junior author, who spent two weeks of the summer of 1905 on Mount Rose studying and collecting its flora. This mountain is especially interesting from a botanical standpoint as it is a high spur of the Sierra Nevada Mountains strongly influenced by the dry atmospheric conditions existing on the eastern side. It may be taken as in- termediate between the typical high mountains of the Sierras and those of the interior of the Great Basin. It is proposed to make an extensive ecological study of the flora of this mountain. The following new species were discovered while studying the first lot of material, all of which was collected between 10,000 feet elevation and the summit, which is 10,800 feet. Eriogonum rhodanthum sp. no\^ Perennial, acaulescent, very low, caespitose, densely tomentose; the caudex made up of many strands twisted together likea rojje, its numerous branches terminated by clusters of very small, new and old leaves : leaves 7 mm. long or less with petioles about 4 mm. long, tomentose on both sides, ovate to suborbicular : scapes very slender, from 12 mm.-5 cm. high, dark- red, covered with a loose white tomentum, and terminating in a flower cluster about 12 mm. across : involucres 2 mm. long, about 5, each with 8 densely tomentose, linear lobes : perianth rose-colored, 3 mm. long, its lobes broadly obovate, glabrous, with a single strong brown vein : pedicels 3 mm. long; filaments 1 mm. long, villous below^ : ovary glabrous. It forms dense mats from 1-6 dm. across, on hard rocky ground. Sum- mit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, elevation 10,800 feet. No. 1184 (type), August 17, 1905, P. B. Kennedy. 8— Pkuc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (85) 36 Nelson and Kennedy — Plantae Montrosensis. Allied to E. aitemoplnlum Greene, but diflerent in the character of the caudex, foliage, and color of the flowers. Eriogonum rosensis sp. nov. Perennial, acaulescent, woolly-tomentose, caudex branched and covered with numerous (new and old) persistent leaves: leaves G-12 mm. long, ovate, tapering to a petiole 4 mm. long, woolly-tomentose on both sides: scapes 1-several from each branch of the caudex, rather stout, minutely glandular-pubescent, 2-5 cm. high, each bearing a cluster of about 8 in- volucres : involucres tomentose, S-lobed, 3 mm. long, each containing about 1() flowers ; the pedicels 3 miii. long: perianths yellow, sometimes slightly tinged with red, 2 mm. long : lobes obovate, glabrous, with a peculiar swelling at the apex of each lobe: filaments about 2 mm. long, villous be- low : ovary glabrous, 3- winged. Allied to E. anemupldluin Greene: collected on the summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, elevation 10,800 feet, August 17, 1905, No. 1180 (type), P. B. Kennedy. The plant forms dense, low, mats about 15 cm. across, growing where it can find a little soil among the lava rocks. Arabis depauperata sp. nov. Perennial, about 8 cm. high in flower, considerably taller in mature fruit : root branched 2-3 cm., below the surface of the ground into a num- ber of long, slender, wiry rootlets : stems many, very slender, from a much branched caudex ; stems and leaves covered with a minute, stellate, pubescence ; the numerous lower leaves small and tufted at the base of the stems, petioled, the upper cauline, sessile, 6-10 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, entire: racemes 3 cm. or less long, bearing minute purple flowers, 3 mm. long; calyx lobes oblong, 2 mm. long; corolla lobes spatulate, rounded at the apex, and attenutate towards the base, 3 mm. long : mature pods 3-6 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, glabrous, purplish, with minute gray dots, mostly straight, though sometimes slightly curved ; pedicels 4-6 mm. long : seeds flattish, orbicular, orange, 2 mm. wide, with an even yellowish-green very narrow winged margin extending completely around the seed. Nearest to A . pUdy^permn Gray, but quite different in the character of the whole plant, size of leaves, pods, seeds, etc. Summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, elevation 10,800 feet, August 17, 1905, No. 1167 (type), P. B. Kennedy. Ribes Churchii sp. nov. Shrub 3-6 m. high, dense, unarmed ; old branches ash-gray, new ones light brown: leaves densely viscid-glandular on both sides, 6-12 mm. broad, sub-orbicular, 3-lobed, crenate: petioles 6-20 mm. long, glandular : inflorescence 1-2-flowered, rarely 3-flowered ; peduncles 12 mm. long; pedicels 1 mm. long or less: flowers subtended by 3 bracteoles which are ovate, and entire, or occasionally 3-toothed at the apex ; calyx white, Nelson and Kennedy — Plantae Montrosensis. 37 shading to pink, 6-10 mm. long, sparsely beset with gland-tipped hairs, its lobes ovate, obtuse, reflexed, 2 mm. long; petals deltoid-reniform, 1 mm. long; stamens equalling the petals: berry viscid, red, not juicy, in- sipid, 10-14 seeded, ripening in September. Type collected at the base of tlie Sierra Club monument at the summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada : elevation 10,800 feet, being No. 1160, August 17, 1905, P. B. Kennedy. Allied to R. cereuin Dougl. but much smaller in regard to size of bush, leaves, and flowers, and much more viscid. The branches are extremely short and rigid. The berry in R. cereum is described as rarely containing more than 3 large seeds, while this has numerous, small, angular seeds: Named in honor of Professor J. E. Church, Jr., wlio has ascended Mount Rose many, many times, both in the heat of summer and the heavy snows of winter, and to whom we are indebted for excellent specimens contain- ing the ripe berries. Gilia tnontana sp. nov. Perennial, depressed-caespitose, with a stout lignescent caudex: flowers capitate : leaves crowded on short tufted shoots, fioccose-tomentose, mostly 5-lobed, a few at* the base linear, bilobed, and trilobed ; lobes linear- lanceolate, slightly pungent, 4-6 mm. long, with petioles about 6 mm. long, bearing a few scattered bracts, similar to the leaves: numerous purplish lobed bracts among the flowers : flowers numerous, white to pink, clusters 12-25 mm. across ; calyx very slender, beset with long, slender hairs 4 mm, long, about equalling the tube of the corolla, calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, slender-subulate : each flower subtended by a linear-lanceolate bracteole ; corrolla 6 mm. long, tube about twice the length of the ovate rounded en- tire lobes : capsule ovoid, glabrous, 2 mm. long, one-seeded. Allied to G. caesoitosa (Gray) A. Nels.; Summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, August 17, 1905, No. 1170 (type), P. B. Kennedy, at 10,800 feet ; also from the same place, but past flowering, September 29, 1902, No. 694, P. B. Kennedy ; also from Tinkers Knob, Eldorado County, California, Sierra Nevada, elevation 9,020 feet, August 10, 1901, P. B. Kennedy and S. B. Doten, No. 279. Phlox dejecta sp. nov. Plant resembling a desert moss : tufts less than 3 cm. high : branches of the caudex somewhat tortuous : leaves linear, miicronulate, hirsute to pubescent, 4-6 mm. long, imbricated : corolla white, the tube twice as long as the calyx ; corolla-lube 12 nim. long ; calyx teeth prominent, rigid, hir- sute, 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, with a very sharp spinulose tip : capsule ovoid, glabrous, 3 mm. long, one-seeded. Allied to P. bryoldes Nutt. and P. muscoides Nutt., but in no sense lanate or canescent, with a very different calyx and corolla. Growing abundantly in broad moss-like mats on tlie summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, at 10,800 feet, August 17, 1905, No. 1159 (type), P. B. Kennedy. 38 Nelson and Kennedy — Plavtae Montrosensis. Castilleia inconspicua sp. nov. Perennial, witli a caiulex about ") cni. long, wiiicli brandies at the base into several roots : plants variable in height according to the elevation : At 10,000 feet about 15 cm. high, becoming gradually reduced to .5 cm. or even less at 10,800: steins and leaves pubescent and glandular, which increases in density with the elevation : leaves sessile, mostly linear at the base, becoming 3-7 cleft or parted toward the inflorescence, very variable in size, from 6-25 mm. in length : bracts subtending each flower P.-cleft to about the middle, 12-20 mm. long; flowers in an oblong spike, cream-colored, with a purple blotch ; calyx villous, 12 mm. long, divided into 4 lanceolate- acuminate lobes .4-6 nnn. long, greenish-purple ; corolla 10 mm. long, galea triangular, obtuse, gibbous, slightly exceeding the lip which has 8 o))tuse, rounded loV^es, less than 2 mm. long: stigmas capitate, 2-lobed, slightly exceeding the galea; capsule glabrous, 8 mm. long, about 40-seeded. Allied to C. rubida Piper. Summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, No. 1169 (type), Au- gust 17, 1905, P. B. Kennedy, at 10,800 feet; also No. 1144 of same place and date, but at 10,000 feet. Hulsea caespitosa sp. nov. « Plant about 3 dm. high, forming tufts a thiid of a meter across: densely pubescent, and strongly viscid-glandular, emitting a disagreeable odor ; the involucre only lanate : perennial, deep rooted, branching several times : di- visions of the caudex terminated above ground by several leafy branches; around the base of each branch persist the brown, dried up i)etioles of the previous year's growth, appearing like scales : radical leaves from 4-8 mm. long, lacerate-dentate above, much constricted and entire at the middle, and expanding into a broad light-colored sheathing base, 8-10 mm. wide : flowering stems leafy, usually one from the center of each tuft of leaves, the cauline leaves gradually becoming smaller towards the head : head 2^ cm. or more across, orange-yellow, involucre lanate, of numerous bracts, in 3 ranks ; outer, oblong, 10 mm. long ; inner, a little longer, attenuate- acute, with rather long, gland-tipped hairs towards the ai)ex ; ray flowers about 30 ; ligulate corolla about 12 nun. long, with gland-tipped hairs be- low, apex variable, unequally 3-lobed ; disk flowers glandular, 7 mm. long, with 5 equal lobes ; palae very small, less than 1 mm. long, fimbriate : achene 6 mm. long, covered with villous hairs which partly obscure the palae. Allied to H. nana Larseni Gray and H. algida Gray. Summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, at 10,800 feet; in pockets of soil among loose volcanic rocks, No. 1158 (type), August 17, 1905, P. B. Kennedy. Raillardella Nevadensis sp. nov. Rootstocks very stout for the size of the plant; extensively creeping: leaves glandular on both sides, 12-24 mm. long, oblanceolate, entire: scape 2-8 cm. high ; peduncle and involucre viscid-glandular, much more so Nelson and Kennedy — Plantae Montrosensis . 39 than the leaves ; head about 16-flowered, 2 cm. long; involucre narrowly campanulate ; bracts linear-lanceolate, 12 mm. long, slightly held together by the glandular hairs on the margins: flowers orange-yellow, no rays; pappus-bristles about 18, short plumose, white, 8 mm. long: achene black, about 6 mm. long, narrowly oblong. Allied to R. scaposa Gray : abundant in loose granitic soil on Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada at 10,000 feet. No. 1147 (type), August 17, 1905, P. B. Kennedy. Chrysothamnus monocephala. Very low, about 3 dm., shrubby ; branches short and rigid : stems and leaves covered with a fine, short, close tomentum ; the young, new shoots very densely so, appearing white, the others dark gray : leaves linear, the longest about 18 mm., 1 -nerved, mucronate, the upper ones sometimes ex- ceeding the inflorescence, and gradually merging into the involucral bracts : heads mostly solitary, terminal, 5-6 flowered; bracts about 10, rigid, im- bricated in two equal ranks, usually 1-nerved, outer ones keeled, 8-10 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, with a prominent acuminate cusp, yellowish, striped or mottled with purple ; covered with loose cobwebby hairs : pappus-bristles numerous, of unequal lengths, the longest about 8 mm., very minutely villous, light-yellow ; corolla 9 mm. long; achene densely silky-villous, 3 mm. long. Allied to C. Nevadensis (Gray) Greene, but leaves not oblanceolate or 3- nerved ; involucral bracts not 5-ranked, and tips not recurved. Summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, August 17, 1905, No. 1171 (type), at 10,800 feet ; also No. 097 from same place, but at 10,000 feet, September 29, 1902, P. B. Kennedy. Vol. XIX, pp. 41-48 February 26, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON /i? GENERAL NOTES. A NEW NAME FOR RHINOLOPHUS MINUTUS MILLER. Rhinolophusminutus, the name which I proposed in 1900* for a bat from the Anambas Islands, has recently been shown by Mr. Knud Andersen f to be invalidated by Vetipertilio minutus Montagu, applied in 1 808 J to the British race of Rhinolophus Jiipposideros. The Anambas animal may there- fore be renamed as Rliinolojihus minntiUus. — Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE FLYING-LEMURS. The flying-lemurs are currently known as GalenpitJiecwt, and the family which they form as the GaleopUhecidx. Neither name can, however, be re- tained, since Galeopithecus Pallas is twelve years antedated by Cynocephalus Boddaert, based on the same animal. Boddaert's name must therefore be adopted for the Malayan flying-lemurs, as its more familiar use for a genus of baboons began nearly thirty years later. A like change in the family name is fortunately obviated by the existence of a second genus containing the Philippine membei's of the family, a group strikingly differentiated in both cranial and dental characters. Chief among these characters are, cranial : the less inflation of the mastoid region ; the greater separation of the occipital condyles ; the narrower, more distinctly outlined brain-case ; and the less broadened and otherwise modified postorbital processes ; den- tal : the less specialized structure of the teeth, as shown by the relatively slight distortion of the primitive trigones, those of the posterior lower pre- uiolar and first and second lower molars retaining the typical arrangement of the cusps almost unmodified ; the great lengthening and thickening of the canines both above and below and of the outer upper incisor, and the complete absence of serrations on the cutting edges of these teeth and of the anterior upper and lower premolar. The family and its two genera should stand as follows : Family Colugid^. Galeopithecidse Gray, 1821, and of most subsequent authors. Genus Colugo Gray. 1870. Colugo Gray, Catal. Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating bats Brit. Mus., p. 98. Type Galeopithecus jjhilippinensis Waterhouse. Genus Cynocephalus Boddaert. 1768. Cynocephalus Boddaert, Dierkundig Mengelwerk, II, p. 8. Type Cynocephalus volans from Ternate. 1780. Galeopithecus Pallas, "Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., IV, p. 208." ^ — Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. * Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., II, p, 235. August 20, 1900. t Proc. Zool. See. London, 1905, 11, p. 129. October 17, 1905. X Trans. Linn. Soc. London, IX, p. 162. 9— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (41) 42 General Notes. AN ExiRLIER NAME FOR MELOSPIZA LIN COIN II STRIATA. The bird described by Mr. William Brewster (Auk, 1889, p. 89) as Melos- pizn lincolnii striata seems to be a recognizable race of Melospizd lincoln'd from which it differs in smaller size and broader streaking of the upper parts. The original description was based on autumn specimens from Comox, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, but Mr. Joseph Grinnell has recently shown (Auk, 1904, pp. 274-276) that the summer home of the subspecies is the coast region of southeastern Alaska, particularly the vicinity of Sitka and Wrangel. The name given to this form by Mr. Brewster {loc. cit.) is, however, long antedated by at least one other. In a pertinent connection Finsch (Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, III, 1872, p. 46) cites Einberiza spinolelta "Kittlitz" Brandt, Descr. et Icon. Anim. Ross., 1836, pi. II, fig. 7, as a synonym of the Alaskan Mclospiza lincolnu. This plate seems, however, never legitimately to have been published, as Plate II of the work in ques- tion represents Anscr leucopareius Brandt, and the name spinoletlu is there- fore unavailable for Melospiza lincolnii siriatti ; but even had the name been properly published, it would be somewhat doubtfully applicable, since no locality is mentioned, though presumptively this is the neighbor- hood of Sitka, where Kittlitz is known to have collected. No such uncertainty, however, attends the name Emberiza {Zonotricliia) gracilis Kittlitz (Denkwurd. Reise Russ. Amer. I, 1858, p. 199), based on two adults taken June 25 and an immature bird of July 15, at Sitka, Alaska, with the following diagnosis : " Die kline, schlanke Gestalt und der aschgraue mit mehrerenschwarzen Linien bezeichnete Kopf charakter- isert dieselbe." This description, though brief, is sufficiently definite to identify Melospiza lincolnii striata, for neither of the only other small breed- ing sparrows of Sitka — Melospiza cinerea rufina and Passerculus sundwich- e7isis alaudinus — agrees in characters with the above descrijition given by Kittlitz, while M. I. striata does. In Melospiza c. rufina the top and sides of the head, with the exception of a dull brownish slate superciliary stripe, are sooty brown, almost uniform, the slightly darker centers of the feathers being only faintly suggestive of streaking. In Passerculus s. alaudinus, the head, although much streaked with black, is yellowish or huffy white, not ash gray, as in Melospiza lincolnii striata. To be sure, Kittlitz makes no mention of the reddish brown margins of some of the black coronal streaks, but in so brief a description this is scarcely to be ex2')ected. In view of these facts it becomes necessary to change the name of Melospiza lincolnii striata Brewster to Melospiza lincolnii gracilis (Kittlitz). — Harry C. Oberholser. THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE HAWK OWLS. Linnaeus described the European hawk owl under two names in the first edition of his Systema Naturae (1758, I, ji. 93) — as Strix funerea and Slrixulula. The former is based primarily on Fauna Suecica, No. 51, the latter on Fauna Suecica, No. 52. As has been stated by various authors, there is no doubt of the equal pertinency of these names, and although by General Notes. 43 recent writers the latter has been used, Strix funerea stands first on the page, and as it tlius has anteriority, should be adopted in place of Strix ulula. The names of the two forms of the species will by this procedure stand as : Surnia funer en funerea (Linnaeus) , Surnia funerea caparoch (Miiller). — Harry C. Oberhoher. PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS \ERSVS PIRANGA MEXICAN A. The name Pirangn erythromelas which has long been used for the scarlet tanager is much antedated by Loxia mexicana Linnaeus (Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I, 1758, p. 172), applied undoubtedly to the same bird. Linnaeus {loc. cit.) gives the following diagnosis and locality : " L[oxia] rubra, alls nigris. Habitat in America australi." He gives also a reference to Seba, whose description, though not long, is accurate and perfectly applicable. This description (Locuplet. rer. natui'al. thesauri accnr. descript. et icon, artific. express., I, 1734, p. 101, t. 05, f. 1) is in full as follows: " Avis, mexicana, grandis, rubra; passeris species. " Quae caput, thoracem, & dorsum ejus vestiunt, pennae sanguinei sunt coloris ; dum pennae remiges & cauda, prorsus nigricant, rubedine tamen aliqua supernam partem obtegente." Linnaeus in a later connection (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 300) some- what amplifies his first account by describing the bird as " L. rubra, alis caudaque nigris," and adding as a synonym the Coccothraustes mexicana of Brisson (Ornith. Ill, 1760, p. 256). Brisson also cites Seba, and further- more gives a detailed description of his own that in all particulai-s of color and dimensions agrees almost exactly with the bird now called Piranga erythromelas, and with this alone. It might be mentioned that Salvin and Godman long ago announced (Biol. Cent.-Am. Aves, I, 1886, p. 424) this identification of Linnaeus' Loxia mexicana, but for reasons of their own continued to use the name then current for the species — Pyranga. rubra. There seems now, however, no reason for rejecting the exclusively pertinent name given by Linnaeus, even though on a subsequent page (Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I, 1758, p. 174) he uses the term Loxia mexicana for an entii'ely different species — undoubtedly Spiza americana (Gmelin) ! Our present bird should therefore in future be called Piranga mexicana (Linnaeus). — Harry C. Oberholser. THE NAMES OF THE PASSENGER PIGEON AND THE MOURN- ING DOVE. To those naturalists who, like the British, use the twelfth edition of Linnaeus (1766) as the starting point of binomial nomenclature, the names of the Passenger Pigeon and the Mourning Dove are clear and offer no complications. Not so, however, to the Americans and others who start 44 General Notes. with the tenth edition (1758), for here Linnaeus unquestionably included both birds in the references under his Columha macroura. The A. O. U. committee on nomenclature and American ornithologists generally have of late years used this name for the Mourning Dove, and have called the Passenger Pigeon by the name that first ai)j)eared in the twelfth edition — Columha niigraloria Linn. In my opinion, however, this is hardly correct. Linnaeus' Columha macroura was based on Edwards p. 15, t. 15, and Catesby p. 23, t. 23. Edwards' bird, carefully described and well figured, was of course a Mourning Dove, but it came from the West Indies, and Edwards tells us, " The Figure of this Bird shews it of its natural Bigness." Measuring the various parts and comparing the lesults witli specimens, I find it altogether too small for the continental form of the Mourning Dove, and to agree very well with the small form of Cuba (and other islands of the Greater Antilles?) which has lately been named Zenaidura macroura bella by Palmer and Riley. The reference to Catesby applies wholly to the Passenger Pigeon and the plate shows a fine adult male. Now as all Linnaeus' references were given chronologically it matters not which came first, and the important question is from which of these two distinct species, confused under one name, did Linnaeus take his brief diagnosis and his " Habitat." In tjiis instance it is plain. Linnaeus' diagnosis reads " pectore purpurascente," and lie also says " Habitat, in Canada : hyhernat in Carolina," both directly from Catesby, and neither having anything whatever to do with Edwards. In the twelfth edition Linnaeus dropped Columha macroura, called the Passenger Pigeon Columha mlgratoria, the Carolina Mourning Dove Co- lumha carolinensis, and named the bird of Edwards' plate No. 15 Columha marginafa. It is therefore my opinion that we who stand by the tenth edition must arrange the names of these Columbae as follows : Ectopistes macrourus (Linn.) Passenger Pigeon. Columha macroura Linn., S. N. ed. 10, p. 164, 1758. Zenaidura carolinensis carolinensis (Linn.) Carolina Mourning Dove. Columha carolinmsis Linn., S. N. ed. 12, p. 286, 17()r). Zenaidura carolinensis marginata (Linn.) * West Indian Mourning Dove. Columha marginata Linn., S. N. ed. 12, p. 286, 1766. — Outram Bangs. * As to this latter name's supplanting Zenaidura carolinensis bella (Palmer and Riley) I can not help feeling regret that a good modern name founded on a bird from a definite region should give way to an old one without delinite type locality. But I can see no heli> for it. Kdwiirds distinctly says his bird was from the West Indies, and llgures a very small example, and ns the small si/e of ihc Cuban Mourning Dove is about ils only distinctive character, I am afraid the Oiliunbu marginata Linn, must be the name by which it shall be known. General Notes. 45 THE PROPER NAME FOR THE WHITE-BACKED SKUNK OF COLOMBIA. The name Conepalus mapurito, based on Viverra mapnrilo Gmelin, 1788, has long been in use for the white-backed skunks of northern South America, and indeed until quite recently was used in a broad sense for all the members of the genus. It now appears that this name is preoccupied by Viverra mapurita Miiller, 1776.* The animal described very briefly by Miillerf is a species of Spilogale, as is evident from the refei-ence to the Zor'dle of Buffon. In seeking for another name for the South American Conepaiuft, I find that Viverra semisiriaiu Boddsert, 1785,| is strictly available, and even if T^ mapurito Gmel. were not preoccupied, Bodd^ert's name, being of earlier date and having the same basis, would have to be used. Both Boddfert and Gmelin based their names on a description by Mutis of the skunk occurring at the mines of Pamplona, in the mountains of Colombia.? I have seen no specimens from that region, and the descrip- tion of the color pattern given by Mutisjl differs slightly from that of two specimens from Merida, Venezuela, kindly furnished me by Dr. J. A. Allen. The apparent discrepancy may be due either to the ambiguity of the Latin description or to individual variation in the species. It is not proba- ble that more than one species occurs in the vicinity of Pamplona, and this should now be known as Conepatm sevrntriatus (Boddpert). — Arthur H. Howell. THE PROPER NAME FOR THE EASTERN SKUNK. Dr. D. G. Elliot, in his recently published Check List of Mammals,^ proposes to replace the name Mephitis pulida Boitard by Mep}iltis oUda Boitard, on the ground that the former is preoccupied by " Mephitis jyiUida " Cuvier, 1798. As a matter of fact, Cuvier did not use the combination " Mephitis imtida," but proposed Mustela putida as a substitute for Viverra putorius Linn., and so far as I have been able to determine, his name was never adopted by later authors. I have elsewhere shown** that Mustela putida Cuv. does not belong to the genus Mepliitisas now understood, so that Boitard's Mephitis putida is not preoccupied by Cuvier's Mustela putida and should stand for the common Eastern skunk. — Arthur H. Howell. * Natursystems Supplements, p. 32. Sherborn (" Index Animalium," p. 5.S4) quotes this name as " ncipurita," but in tlie copy in the library of the Depiirtment of Agriculture it is spelled w ith an " m." t " £)• hat einen lockeren haarigen Scfiwmiz, unci ist am K'urper iveiss unci schivartz gefleckt." I Elenchus Animalium, p. 84. i Abhand. Sehwedisch Akad. Wiss., 1770, p. 68. jl " Color totius corporis nigerrimus est: Corpus supra longitudlnaliter maadatum linea albissima, in f route aclmolum latiori, ibidem utrinqueconnexa, deinderetrorsumtenuiori facta, usque ad medium dorsi decurrevte. Cauda tola nigerrima est, apice vera albida." % " Cheek List of Mammals of the No. Amer. Continent," etc., Field Columbian Mus. Zool. Ser. VI, p. 406, 1905. ** Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XV, pp. 2-5, 1902. 46 General Notes. THE PROPER NAME FOR THE STRIPED MUISHOND OF SOUTH AFRICA, In both Trouessart's Catalog* and Sclater's " Mammals of South Africa,"t the striped muishond bears the name Zorilla striata. As shown below, the generic name Zorilla is untenable, so the next name to be applied to this group must be adopted. This appears to be Ictonyx Kaup, 1835, based on " Di^r C'apiscJie Zorille. Ictonyx capensis." t The specific name striata dates from Shaw, 1800,? but is based on Viverra putorius Linn, and therefore refers to a species of Spilogale. The striped muishond is figured on the same plate as a variety of Viverra striata but v.s not named. The earliest specific name proposed for the Cape of Good Hope animal seems to be Mephitis capensis A. Smith, 1826,|1 which species should now be known as Ictonyx capensis (A. Smith). — Arthur H. Howell. THE GENERIC NAME ZORILLA. The name Zorilla was first used in a generic sense b}' Oken in 181 G.f In the classified list of names at the beginning of the volume it appears as a subgenus of" Mujf'er" with a reference to page 1,000. The generic name is not used in the text, but from a careful examination of the arrangement of groups it seems clear that Zorilla was intended to apply to group " c. lltis.'it." [^Iltisstinkthiere], which l)egins on page 999 and contains three forms. The first of these is named " T7r. Zorilla " and should, on account of the tautonomy, be considered the type of thegenus. The brief diagnosis** is however insufficient to identify even generically the animal in question. It is referred to the " 3f«jt;urJ/o oder Mnfutiliqai" of ihe Orinoco [South America] but so far as known, the skunks of that region all belong to the genus Conepatus, and are not spotted. The name Zorilla is in use at the present time by most authors for the zorillas of South Africa, but it is clear from the above evidence that it can not be used for that group, but must be rejected on account of its inade- quate basis. — ^1 rthur H. Howell. A BEAR ANIMALCULE RENAMED. In 1851 Dujardin (Ann. des sci. nat. Ser. Ill, Vol. V. p. 164) employed the name Lydella to designate a very remarkable, microscopic, marine creature apparently related to the bear animalcules. A specific name was not supplied until 1888, when Plate (Zoolog. Jahrbiicher. Morphol. Abth. Vol. Ill, p. 533) called it Lydella dnjardini in honor of its discoverer. Un- fortunately Lydella is preoccupied. In 1830 Desvoidy employed it for a * Catologus Manimalimn, Siippl., p. 191, 1904-1905. t The Fauna of South Africa, by W. L. Selatur, Mammals, I, p. 113, 1900. t Das Thierreich, I, pp. 3.52-353, 1835. § General Zoology, I, pt. 2, p. 387, 1800. II Descriptive Catalog South African Museum, p. 20, 182G. I am indebted to Mr. R. C. Wroughton of the British Museiuii, for a transcript of Smith's descrii)tion. 1 Lehrbuch der Naturgescliichte, 3 ter Theil, Zool. 2te Abth., p. XI, ISKJ. ** " Pelz sanfl, ganz gefleekt von wem und schwarz, Schwz verhdllnissmdssig, tind schdn beliaarl." General Notes. 47 genus of flies, and again in 1835 Macquard used it in the same group. Thus doubly antedated, Lydella, as a genus of ))ear animalcules, must be aban- doned. In its place I propose Microlyda. It should be remarked in passing, that the name Tardigrada, so long and so generally employed for the group of which Microlyda is a member, is itself antedated. It was first used in the present connection, as a family name, by von Seibold as the Latin equivalent of Doyeres' French appella- tion " les tardigrades," apparently not knowing that it had previously been used by Illiger (1811 ), Cuvier (1817), Burmeister (1830), and probably others for a group of mammals. In 1861 C. A. S. Schultze called attention to this and offered the family name Arctiscoida as a substitute. The case had been already provided for, however. Xenomorphida, established by Perty (Isis von Oken, p. 1241, 1834), as a feniily of crustaceans, included all the bear animalcules then known and nothing else. As both Arctiscoida and Xenomorphida were given as family names, other things being equal, they would have precisely the same claims for adoption as class or ordinal names. But since Arctiscoida is clearly antedated, Xenomorphida should be accepted as the name of the group. — W. P. Hay. Vol. XIX pp. 49-50 May i, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF AN APPARENTLY NEW SPECIES OF MONKEY OF THE GENUS PRESBYTIS FROM SUMATRA, AND OF A BAT OF THE GENUS DERMANURA FROM MEXICO. BY I). G. ELLIOT, F. R. S. E. The specimens here described came into the possession of the Field Museum through different channels. The Presbytis was purchased from a dealer in Sumatra, and the Dermannra was collected by Messrs. Heller and Barber in Mexico. Presbytis fusco=niurina sp. nov. Type locality. — Telok Belong, south Sumatra. Type No. 14,803. General Characters. — A long occipital crest, inclining backward ; face, hands and feet white or flesh-colored. Color. — A narrow line across foreliead running backward along side of head above ears and widening as it goes, to occiput, where it joins the long central occipital crest; entire upper parts of body, outer side of arms from wrist, and upper side of tail dark mouse gray tinged with brown ; top and sides of head beneath the dark line, cheeks, throat, under side of body, inner side of arms, hind legs from hips on both inner and outer sides, face, ears, hands, feet, and tail beneath white. Measurements. — Total length (dried skin), 1280; tail, 600. This can only be considered an approximate measurement. Skull : occipito-nasal length, 95; Hensel, 61; zygomatic width, 71; intertemporal constrictions, 45.5; breadth across oi-bits, 60 ; width of braincase, 56 ; width of orbit, 23 ; height of orbit, 24.5 ; height of nasal aperture, 13 ; breadth of nasal aper- ture, 9 ; length of nasals, 9; palatal length, 30; breadth of palate inside m^, 19 ; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 24; length of upper molars, 16; length of upper canines, 15; length of mandible, 59; length of lower molar series, 29 ; length of lower molars, IS; length of lower canine, 12.5. This rather strangely colored Presbytis belongs apparently to the group which contains P. thomasi and P. hosei, but is at once distinguished from 10— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (49) 50 Elliot — A New Species of Monkey and Bat. those species by its white face, hands, and feet, and entirely wliite hind legs. The hairs on top of the head, while ratlier long, can hardly be con- sidered as forming a crest, but lengthen gradually as they api)roach the very lengthened occipital crest. While the white of the top of the head is encircled b}' a dark line as in P. Oionvisi there is no (central line in the white so conspicuous in that species, but like that animal, there is no chin tuft. The coloring of this form and its distribution is quite unlike that of the tw9 sj)ecies above mentioned. The sex of this specimen was not indicated, but from the relative measurements of the adult male and female P. thomasi from northern Sumatra, I should judge it to be a female. Dermanura jucundum sp. nov. Type locality. — Achotal, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Type No. 14,798. General cJiaraders. — Similar to D. rjuacirivitlaliim, but with a much smaller skull, and the nose behind the nose-leaf Avhitish. Wing mem- branes from ankles. Color. — Two very conspicuous stripes from posterior base of nose-leaf to top of head, and a very indistinct one on each side just in front of angle of mouth going backwards towards ears but not reaching them, pure white. Top of nose between the white stripes behind nose-leaf very pale brown, but with so many white hairs intermingled with the brown that in certain hghts it appears nearly as white as the stripes. No stripes along spine. Entire ui)per parts dusky brown, beneath paler. Wings, membranes and feet, black ; ears brownish black. Measurements. — Total length, 65; foot, 11.5; ear, 16; forearm, 4.3 ; tibia, in. Skull: Occii)ito-nasal length, 17; Hensel, 13; zygomatic width, 11; width of braincase, 9 ; height of braincase, 9 ; palatal length, 7 ; width be- tween last molars, 4 ; length of upper molar series, 5 ; length of nasals, 4 ; width of rostrum, 6 ; length of mandible, 12 ; of lower molar series, 5. But one specimen of this pretty little bat was procured by Messrs. Heller and Barber among the great number secured at Achotal. It is allied to T). quadrivittatutn from South America, but is smaller, with a considerably smaller skull. From D. cinereum, it differs in color and in the possession of white streaks on head and face, these being absent in Gervais's species. Vol. XIX, pp. 51-56 May 1,1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE PIGMY SQUIRRELS OF THE NANNOSCIURUS MELANOTIS GROUP. \^ BY MARCUS W. LYON, JR. By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The material on whicli this paper is based comprises twenty- nine skins with skulls in the collection of the United States Na- tional INIuseum, three from Java, eleven from western Borneo, one from Sumatra, three from Sinkep and eleven from Banka. All except those from Java were collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, and made up as dry skins in the field. The Javan specimens were obtained from Wilhelm Schliiter, Halle a. S. They were sent to him from Java in a preser\dng fluid, but were taken out and dried immediately on reaching his establishment. I have also had at my disposal manuscript notes on the original speci- mens of Nannosciurus melanotls in the Leyden Museum made by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. Two species have hitherto been recognized, melanotis * re- corded from Java, Sumatra and Borneo, and pidcher known only from Sinkep. The Svimatran and Bornean animals are here described as distinct as well as the one from Banka. Key to the species of Pigmy Squirrels of the Nannosciurus melanotis group. a. Nape slightly grayer than crown, no distinct patch, melanotis. a^. Nape with distinct whitish patch. b. Yellowish brown, upperparts finely and evenly grizzled with black, c. Upperparts most Uke Ridgway's Isabella color with black griz- zHng. borneanus. (■}. Upperparts most like Ridgway's tawny olive with black griz- zling, bancanus. * Here restricted to the Javan form. There were two specimens from Java in the original series and one each from Borneo and Sumatra. Mr. Miller thinks the descrip. tion was based mainly on the Javan specimens. 11— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol.. XIX, 1906. (51) 52 Liion — Pigmy Squirrels of Nannosciurus melanotis Group. b^ Yellowish brown upperparts irregularly grizzled with black. d. Size larger, gnathion to occipito-sphenoid suture more than 16 mm. pulcher. d'. Size smaller, gnathion to occipito-sphenoid suture about 15 mm. sumatranus. Nannosciurus melanotis (Miiller and Schlegel). 1839-44. Scmms mdaiiotis Miiller and Schlegel, Verhandel. over de Nat- uurlijke Geschiedenes der Nederl. overzeesche Bezittingen, p. 98, PI. XIV, fig 5. Colypes. — In the Leyden Museum, four specimens, one from Padang, western Sumatra ( $ a. No. 1. 1887), one from Borneo ( cJ* No. 3 c), and two from Java ( 9 h. No. 8 and g., no sex, No. 7). The name melanotis is here restricted to the Javan animal, since most of the original series came from Java, and the greater part of the description is based on them. Characters. — Distinct nape patch wanting, nape merely grayer than crown. General color darkest of the group. Color— Based on Nos. 121,494-121 ,496 U. S. N. M. Upper surface of head and body, outer surfaces of legs and sides a color intermediate between Ridgway's hazel and chestnut finely and evenly grizzled witli black. A small area on tlie nape is lighter and similar to wood-brown. Hairs of the underparts blackish-slate at base, tipped with a dark vinaceous buff. Upper surface of feet similar in color to hack. Postauricular spot black, con- spicuous, extending from 5-7 mm. behind the ear. Outer side of ear black, inner side similar to back. Light head stripe vinaceous buff to whitish about 1.5 mm. wide in front and about twice as wide under the ear. Ring over the eye .same color as head stripe, about 1 mm. wide. Preorbital stripe black, about 1 mm. wide. Hairs of tail (except at tip) ringed as fol- lows: Hazel, blackish, rich hazel, black, light vinaceous buff, and incon- spicuous black tip. At tip of tail the hairs are longer and after the second hazel ring are blackish brown. Skull and teeth. — These show no characters by which to distinguish Nan- nosciurus mel"not)s from other related species except N. jndclier which has a slightly larger skull. Measurements. — The hind feet with claws in the three specimens meas- ure 22.2, 22.5, 22.7 mm.; gnathion to occipito-sphenoid suture, 15.5 mm.; greatest breadth of skull, 15.9-16.5; interorbital constriction, 9.5-10 mm. Specimens examined.^Three from near Batavia, Java— one male, one fe- male and one af unknown sex. Remarks. — The above three skins differ in their red brown color from all the other specimens of this group, from the figure published with the orig- inal description and, judging from Mr. Miller's notes on the original series in Leyden, from the cotypes. It is to be noted that the cotypes are mounted and have been exhibited for over half a century, and that the three speci- mens in the National Museum have been in a preserving fluid. It is pos- sible that when more specimens are secured from Java two forms will be found to occur on that island. The above three specimens, the cotypes, and the original figure all agree in the absence of a well defined nape patch Lyon — Pigmy Squirrels of Nannosciuras melanotis Group. 53 Nannosciurus pulcher Miller. 1902. N. /V, In a recent paper,* I gave the name Inceyi to a mouse of the genus Peromjiscm occurring in central Texas. Through a most unfortunate misconception the name was applied to the wrong one t)f the two species found together at the type locality, to the larger, darker colored form previously named attwateri by Dr. J. A. Allen. The smaller, paler animal is now for the first time described under the name laceianns as a subspecies of 'pec- toralis, its nearest relative. Peromyscus pectoralis laceianus subsp. nov. Peromyscus attwateri Bailey, N. Am. Fauna No. 25, p. 99, 1905— not of Allen. Type.— From ranch of Howard Lacey, on Turtle Creek, near Kerrville, Texas. No. 97,063, male adult, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collection. Collected May 3, 1899, by Vernon Bailey. Original number 6860. General characters. — Tail as long as or a little longer than head and body ; ears large; soles naked except at heels. Similar to pectoralis but with rel- atively shorter tail and duller colors and without pectoral spot. Consider- ably larger and darker than eremicnides. Color. — Upperparts dark bufFy gray, brightening to rich buff on cheeks and shoulders ; lower parts, feet, and ankles white ; tail sharply bicolor, gray above, white below. Skull. — Relatively shorter and wider than in pectoralis, larger and heavier than in eremicoides ; posterior tip of nasals truncate and flush with tips of premaxillae. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 185 ; tail vertebrae, 95 ; hind foot, 23. Skull of type: Basal length, 22; nasals, 10; zygomatic breadth, 13.5; mas- toid breadth, 11.2; alveolar length of upper molar series, 4. Remarks. — From Peromyscus boylei attwateri, the other long-tailed species occurring with it, laceianus differs in smaller size and paler color, white in- stead of dusky ankles, more sharply bicolor tail, smaller bullae, and trun- cate instead of rounded posterior tip of nasals. * North American Fauna No. 25, Biological Survey of Texas, p. 99, Oct., 1905. 12— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (57) Vol. XIX, pp. 59-60 May 1, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW GENUS OF SAC- WINGED BATS. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JH. While examining the bats in the Royal ^luseuni of Natural History at Berlin, kindly placed at my disposal l)y Prof. Karl JNIobius and Prof. Paul Matschie, I found four specimens from Surinam collected by Kappler and labeled by Peters as Cormura brevirostris. On comparing them with the original description and figure of this genus,* however, striking discrepancies were at once, apparent. Another specimen of the same animal, from Baranciva, Brazil, was sent me by Dr. Lorenz von Liburnau of Vienna, with the information that the type of Cormura, originally in the Natural History ^Museum, can not now be found. The genus Cormura therefore rests wholly on the plate and descrip- tion ; and as these do not agree with the specimens it is neces- sary to name the animal represented in the museum of Vienna and Berlin. Myropteryx gen. nov. {Emlxi Uonuridne) . Type. — Myropteryx pullus sp. nov. Characters. — Externally most nearly resembling Peropteri/x, witli which it agrees in i)osition of wing sacs, but with broader head and more widely separated ears. Skull essentially like that oi ISiiccnpleryx but with shorter, relatively deeper rostrum. Teeth differing from those of all the previously known sac-winged genera in the absence of hypocone in first and second upper molar, and in the minute, early deciduous upper incisor. Retnarks. — This genus is well characterized by the complete absence of hypocones in the_ upper molars, and by the great reduction of the upper incisors. In the four adults examined the upper incisors are absent. In an immature individual, however, there are two very minute teeth in each premaxillary. Wiietlier this condition is normal can only be conjectured, but neither tooth has the appearance of a remnant of the milk dentition, no trace of which can be found elsewhere. In the description of Cormura the upper incisors are merely said to be extremely small, while the figure * Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, 1867, p. 475, pi. p. 480. 13— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol-. XIX, 190G. (.'i9) 60 MiUn — -.4 Nfnv Genus of Sac- Winged Bats. shows them of normal size for members of the group. No mention is made of the hypocones of the upper molars, but these cusps are unmistakably indicated in the plate. Myropteryx pullus sp. nov. Type. — Adult female (in alcohol). Royal Museum of Natural History, Berlin. Collected in Surinam, by Kappler. CluiracU'rs. — General ajipearance much as in I'eropteryx canina, but larger, and with broader head, less pointed muzzle, and slightly smaller, much more widely separated ears (distance between ears about one-fifth height of ear from crown in Peropleryx, about one-half in Myropteryx). Ear of essentially the same form as that of Ferupteryx canina, but antitragus less distinctly marked off, and tragus broader and a little bent forward owing to slight concavity of anterior border. Color when dried mummy- brown above, cinnamon, tinged with drab below, the hairs everywhere becoming lighter at extreme base, and tho.se of back faintly darker at tip. Mea-mrements.— Type: Total length, (37; (61)*; tail, 12 (13); tibia, 16 (16) ; foot, 6.8 (7); forearm, 43.6 (45) ; thumb, 9 (9) ; second finger, 37.6 (37) ; third finger, 76 (75) ; fourth finger, 52 (51) ; fifth finger, 51 (49) ; ear from meatus, 14.4 (14) ; .ear from crown, 11.4 (11) ; width of ear, 10.4 (10.4). * Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male from the type locality Vol. XIX, pp. 61-66 May 1,1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SEVEN NEW MALAYAN BATS. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. ^sT Ia, \ '7* Among the Malayan l)ats in the United States National Mu- seum are the following seven species that have not hitherto been described. All but two of them were collected and pre- sented by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Cynopterus princeps sp. nov. 2^ypf._Adult female (skin and skull). No. 141,235, United States Na- tional Museum. Collected at .Mnjeia River, Nias Island, west Sumatra, March 10, 1905, by Dr. \V. L. Abbott. Original number, 4020. Ch<(racters. — Slightly larger than the Javan Q/nopterus iiUhsecheilns ; color not as bright; skull with shorter rostrum; cheekteeth heavier, with more squarish crowns, the last premolar and first molar of lower jaw with small but distinct median cusp. Color. — Type : Upperparts a peculiar brown intermediate between the wood-brown and hair-brown of Ridgway but darker than either, the crown slightly darker than back ; individual hairs pale isabella-color at base. Sides of neck raw-sienna, this color extending across throat but becoming duller beneath, where the fur is sparser. Underparts elsewhere broccoli- brown with a faint yellowish tinge along sides. Ears and membranes blackish, unmarked. Skull and teeth. — The skull rather closely resembles that of Ci^nopterus litlhxcheUus, but the rostrum is distinctly shorter and the mandibular ramus is deeper. Cheekteeth heavier and more squarish than those of the Javan animal, the crown of the first and second lower molar with a low but dis- tinct terete cusp about .3 mm. in diameter rising from crushing surface near middle. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 143; tail, 10; tibia, 30; foot, 20.5; forearm, 84.4; thumb, 35.9; second finger, 61.4; third finger, 143; fourth finger, 112; fifth finger, 110; skull, greatest length, 38.2 ; condylo- basal length, 36.4; basilar length, 32.6; palatal length, 20.2; zygomatic breadth, 25.4; breadth of braincase, 15.6; interorbital constriction, 6.7; postorbital constriction, 5.8 ; mandible, 28.8 ; depth of mandible at front of anterior molar, 3.6 ; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 12.2 ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 13.8. 14— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (61) 62 Miller — Seven New Malayan Bats. Specimeyis examined. — Three, all from the type locality. Remarks. — This very distinct species needs comparison with the Javan Cynopterus liUhiecheilus only, an animal from which it differs in the shorter, broader rostrum and in the well-developed cusps on the crowns of pm j and m Y- Among 25 skulls of the Javan animal 17 show traces of a cusp on the crown of mx, while in only 3 is there any indication of such a structure in pmj. Cynopterus major sp. nov. Type. — Adult male (skin and skull). No. 141,236, United States National Museum. Collected at Mojeia River, Nias Island, west Sumatra, ]\Iarch 10, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 4021. Characters. — A large species considerably exceeding Cynopterus sphinx in size though not equal to C. titthiecheilns. Teeth broad, as in Cynopterus titthsecheilus. but not as large, and pm^ and m^ without trace of secondary cusp. Color. — The color so closely resembles that of Cynopterus princeps that no detailed description is required. Brown of upperparts slightly more yellowish than in the larger animal and neck slightly darker. Ears and membranes similarly unmarked. Skull and teeth. — Except for its smaller size the skull resembles that of Cynopterus titthsecheilus, having the same heavy rostrum and broad palate as compared with C. sphinx. Teeth differing from those of C. sphinx in the greater strength and breadth of the large premolars and molars. Measurements.— Type : Head and body, 122 ; tail, 8 ; tibia, 29.3 ; foot, 16.8; forearm, 76.4 ; thumb, 31.3 ; second finger, 50.4 ; third finger, 123 ; fourth finger, 94; fifth finger, 95 ; skull, greatest length, 33.8 (37.3)*; condylo- basal length, 32.2 (35.2); basilar length, 29 (31.8) ; palatal length, 17 (19.4); zygomatic breadth, 22.3 (24) ; breadth of braincase, 14.5 (14.8) ; interorbital constriction, 7 (7.6) ; postorbital constriction, 6.2,(6) ; mandible, 25.9 (28) ; depth of mandible at front of anterior molar, 3.2 (3.4) ; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 11.1 (11.4) ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 12.8 (13.3). Specimens examined. — Thirty -one (6 skins), all from Nias. Cynopterus pagensis sp. nov. Type. — Adult female (skin and skull). No. 121,581, United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on North Pagi Island, west Sumatra, Novem- ber 12, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 2028. Characters. — Exactly similar to Cynopterus major except that the size is much less. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 106; tail, 4; tibia, 24.6; foot, 14.7 ; forearm, 69.8 ; thumb, 27 ; second finger, 46.2 ; third finger, 109 ; fourth finger, 89.7; fifth finger, 87.7; skull, greatest length, 30.8 (33.4)t; ♦Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male Cynopterus titttisscheilus from West Java (No. 141,623). t Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female Cynopterus major (No. 141,284.) Millej — Seven New Malayan Bats. 63 condylobasal length, 29.9 (32.2) ; basilar length, 26.9 (29.8) ; palatal length, 15.9 (16.8); zygomatic breadth, 19.4 (20.8); breadth of braincase, 12.9 (13.7); interorbital constriction, 6.5 (6.9); postorbital constriction, 6.5 (6.6); mandible, 23 (25); maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 9.9 (10.8) ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 11 (12.1). Specimens examined. — Thirteen (2 skins), all from North Pagi Island. Cynopterus minutus sp. nov. Type.— Ad\x\i male (skin and skull). No. 141,240, United States National Museum. Collected on Nias Island, west Sumatra, March 11, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 4043. Characters. — Similar to the Javan Cynopterus melanocephalus (Temminck) but not as small and with no contrasts of color between the back, head, and underparts. Color. — Type : The color differs very slightly from that of Cynopterus major and C. pagensis, except that the yellowish of the neck more exten- sively suffuses the sides, shoulders, and front half of back. Head very nearly fawn-color. Belly and chest broccoli-brown. Skull and Teeth. — The skull and teeth show^ no peculiarities other than their small size. In form they are throughout similar to Cynopterus sphinx. Measurements. — Type : Head and body, 83 ; tail, 2 ; tibia, 18.8 ; foot, 13 ; forearm, 52.4 ; thumb, 20; second finger, 36.7 ; third finger, 85; fourth finger, 66 ; fifth finger, 61 ; skull ; greatest length, 26.2 ; condylobasal length, 25 ; basilar length, 22.5 ; palatal length, 12.9; zygomatic breadth, 16.4; breadth of braincase, 11.5 ; interorbital constriction, 5.3 ; postorbital constriction, 6 ; mandible, 19.5; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 7.8; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 8.9. Specimens examined. — Twelve (one skin), all from Nias Island. Pteropus baveanus sp. nov. Type. — Adult male (skin and skull). No. 125,482, United States National Museum. Collected on Bawean Island, Java Sea, July 19, 1904, by W. Grasshoff. Original number, 16. Characters. — A large, dark colored member of the Pteropus hypomelanus group ; forearm about 160 mm. Color. — Type : Back and underparts blackish, the former distinctly griz- zled with gray and lightening to bister posteriorly, the latter slightly varied with highly glossed, pale russet annulations, particularly on chest and belly. Mantle russet, strongly suffused with blackish. Head blackish. Ears and membranes black. Skull and teeth. — The skull and teeth resemble those of Pteropus lepidus in form, but are throughout somewhat larger. Measurements. — Type : Head and body, 272 ; tibia, 73.4 ; foot, 47.4 ; fore- arm, 160 ; thumb, 59 ; second finger, 107 ; third finger, 285 ; fourth finger, 225 ; fifth finger, 202 ; skull, upper length, 63.4 ; condylobasal length, 64.6 ; median palate length, 32.8 ; zygomatic breadth, 35 ; interorbital constric- tion, 8.8 ; postorbital constriction, 7.2 ; breadth of braincase, 23 ; man- 64 Miller — Seven New Malayan Bats. dible, 52.6; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 25; man- dibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 28.6. Specimens examined. — Fourteen, all from Bawean. Remnrls. — The specimens show no special variations either in color or in size. The shortest forearm that is certainly uninjured measures 151 mm. This is decidedly the largest member of the Pleropus hypomelanus group yet discovered. Its size and dark color readily distinguish it from its allies. Pteropus niadicus sp. nov. 1889. Pteropus nicobaricus ISIodigliani, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova (2) VII, p. 239. Type.— AdnK male (skin and skull). No. 141,288, United States Na- tional Museum. Collected at Teliwaa, Nias Island, west Sumatra, March 5, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 3981. Character.'^. — Similar to Pteropus nicoharlcns (Zelebor), but with back gray instead of black, and head not darker than mantle. Color. — Type: Back a grizzled graj' rather closely resembling the hair- brown of Ridgway, with a slight yellowish cast along sides and a darker wash in median region. Mantle light russet heavily clouded with blackish, the latter predominating. On head the black is less noticeable and the russet becomes paler, so that the mantle is noticeably darker than the head. Underparts blackish anteriorly, russet along middle of chest and belly, light hair-brown on flanks and under side of thighs. Ears and membrane black. SkuU and teeth. — The skull and teeth do not difier appreciably from those of Pteropus nicobaricus. Measurements. — Type : Head and body, 270 ; tibia, 68.4 ; foot, 52.4 ; fore- arm, 152.4; thumb, 66.2; second finger, 114; third finger, 287; fourth fin- ger, 234 ; fifth finger, 205 ; skull, upper length, 69 ; condylobasal length, 69.4; median palatal length, 84.8; zygomatic breadth, 38.2 ; interorbital constriction, 9.8; postorbital constriction, 8 ; breadth of braincase, 23.6; mandible, 56.4 ; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 26.8; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 30.4. Specimens examined. — Three, all from Nias Island . Remarks. — Though nearly related to Pleropus nicnburicus this species is easily distinguishable by its gray back and light colored head. In ten skins of Pteropus nicobaricus the head is without exception conspicuously darker than the mantle, while the back is almost black. Kerivoula depressa sp. nov. 1892. Kerivoula hardmckii Thomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. diStor. Nat. di Genova, (2) X, p. 927. Type. — Adult female (in alcohol). No. ifffl, United States National Museum. Collected at Biapo, Carin Hills, northeast of Tounghoo, south- ern Burma, by L. Fea. Characters. — Similar to Kerivoula hardwickii but with smaller ears, shorter Miller — Seven New Malayan Bats. 65 tibia and smaller foot; skull with braincase nearly U times as broad as deep. Color.— After its long immersion in alcohol the fur is lighter and yellower than that of four Javan skins of Kerivoula hardwickii. Upperparts between buff and cream-buff, the tips of the hairs darker, producing a distinct clouding of broccoli-brown. Underparts similar but without the clouding. Hairs everywhere prouts-brown through basal half. Ears and membranes uniform brown. Skull and teeth.— The skull is readily distinguishable from that of K. hnrdwickiihy its low, flattened braincase (see measurements) and narrower palatal and narial eraarginations. Teeth not obviously different from those of the Javan animal. Afeasurements.— Type : Head and body, 32.6 ; tail, 428 ; tibia, 15.4 ; foot, 6 ; forearm, 32.8 ; thumb, 7 ; second finger, 34 ; third finger, 70 ; fourth finger, 48; fifth finger, 48; ear from meatus, 11.6; ear from crown, 10; skull, greatest length, 13.3(14.2)*; condylobasal length, 12.6 (13.4); median palate length, 6.2 (6.5) ; zygomatic breadth, 8.2 (8.7) ; interorbital constric- tion, 3 (3) ; breadth of braincase, 7 (7.2) ; depth of braincase including audital bullae, 5.5 (6.5) ; mandible, 9.5 (10) ; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 5.2 (5 8) ; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 5.7 (6.2). Specimens examhied. — Two, the type from Burma, and a second specimen (female, No. iHf f ) froJ^ Cambodia. ♦Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female Kerivoula hardwickii from western Java (No. 141,590). Vol. XIX, pp. 67-70 May 1, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE STATUS OF THE GENERIC NAME HEMIPROGNE NITZSCH. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. The generic name Hemiprocne Nitzsch is commonly consid- ered to date from this author's " Pterylographie," 1810, pp. 31, 123, but it was first proposed eleven years before in an anatomi- cal paper usually overlooked (Observ. Av. Arter. Carot. Com., 1829, p. 15), in the main text and its accompanying footnote, after the following fashion : "3. Macrochires (S. longimanae) in duas dividendae tribus, quarum una continentur Trochili, altera Cypseli et Hemiprocnes N. '0 genera. Hae aves itidem dextra arteria carot. communi semper carere videntur." " '') Hemiprocnes genus, cui Cypselos, qui ill. Temminckio longipennis, comatus, fuciphagus, torquatus vocantur, aliosque accensio, a veris discrepant Cyp.selis et hallice sive digito pedum primo retrorsum semper verso, et digitorum phalangum numero eodem, qui in ceteris avilms solemnis est." Although in this place, as will l)e noticed, the word occurs in the nominative plural to conform to the Latin construction of the sentence, the author's intent is clear, particularly in light of his use of the name in the singular form Hemiprocne a few years afterward in his " Pterylographia Avium, pars prior," 1833, page 21, — though here without diagnosis or mention of any species, — and still later (Pterylographie, 1840, pp. 31, 123) when he gives a formal diagnosis and includes the species Hirundo zonaris Shaw and Hirundo acida Wied {'=Chaetura clnereiventris Sclater). Meanwhile, however, a little-known author in a forgotten book (Ricmann, Zoolog.-technol. Loitfaden fiir Realschulen und 15— Puoc. Bioi,. Soc. Wash., Vor,. XIX, 1906. (67) 68 OherhoUc) — Statua of Generic Name Ilemiprocne NiUsHi. Gymnasien, 1838, p. 34) made use of the name as follows, for which quotation I am indebted to Dr. Charles W. Richmond: ''' Hemiprocne. — Salange. Die vorigen Gattung ahnlich, aber mit gew()hnlicher Gliederung und Richtung der Zehen. H. es- culenta, die indianische Schwalbe." By taking the term Hemiprocne from Nitzsch, 1810, the type has been fixed as Hirundo zonaris Shaw; Init this disposition of the name can not stand, as may readily be seen l)y the above references. If the earlier (1829) Nitzsch diagnosis be ignored, the name will date from Riemann, 1838, and must displace Collocalia ; but there is no sufhcient reason for rejecting Hemi- procne as proposed by Nitzsch in 1829 (Joe. cit.) since it was then properly introduced into nomenclature. The species orig- inally included arc now called Macropterux longipennis, Macrop- teryx comatus, Collocalia faciphaga, and pro baldly Hemiprocne zonaris, respectively. The last appears as '' torquatns,^^ a name apparently to be referred to the present Hemiprocne- zonaris, ])Ut here a nomen nudum and therefore not to be used in this con- nection. Of the three others, the first one mentioned, Hirundo longipennis of Rafinesque iCj/psehis longipennis Temminck), should be considered the type. The name Hemiprocne must therefore unfortunately supplant the later Macropteryx Swainson* and the family name Macropterygidae be changed to Hemi- PROCNiDAE. The following species of this group are affected, and should henceforth stand as follows: Hemiprocne coronata (Tickell). Hemiprocne longipennis (Rafinesque). Hemiprocne perlonga (Richmond). Hemiprocne wallacei (Gould), Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Lesson). Hemiprocne mystacea woodfordiana (Harteht). Hemiprocne comata comata (Temjminck). Hemiprocne comata major (Hartert). The genus of large collared swifts that commonly has been called Hemiprocne must, if gcnerically separable from Chaetura, consequently be given a new name. Doctor Hartert in his most recent review of the swifts, f placed Hemiprocne as a synonym under Cliuetura, claiming that the shape of the tail was not * Zool. lllust. II, 18:K, pi. 47 (type, IllrinuJo lininipcnnis RHfiiiosque). t Tierreicli, 1, is'JT, p. 71. OhcrlioUei — StatKs of Generic Name Hemiprocne Nitzsch. 69 sufficient for its recognition as a different genus. However valid such a claim may be, — and it seems not to be so in this case, — there can be now no doubt of tlie propriety of generically segregat- ing the group of swifts of which Hirundo zonaris Shaw may be con- sidered the representative, because aside from its emarginate instead of square or rounded tail, it differs remarkably from Chaetura in the arrangement of the deep plantar tendons. Mr. F. A. Lucas has recently shown* that in Hemiprocne zonaris, the muscle which ordinarily flexes the front toes, the flexor perforans, instead of having its own tendon as is usual in the swifts, is at- tached to the muscle of the hallux, ilia flexor longus hallvcis, and their common single tendon l)y means of four slips ultimately reaches and manipulates all the digits. In view of all the aVjove facts it seems proper to provide this group with a generic name, and Streptoprocne, from sTpe-n-rSs, torquis, and UpoKvrj, Progvc, with Hiniudo zonaris Shaw as the type, is suggested as appropriate. The species will therefore stand as follows : Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris (Shaw). Streptoprocne zonaris alhicincta (Cabanis). Streptoprocne zonaris palUdifrons (Hartert). Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater). ^reptop)'ocne semicollaris (Saussure). * Auk, 1899, pp. 77-78. Vol. XIX, pp. 71-72 May 1, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF TIIK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON C: I ! P, V^ I. A NEW VOLE FROM MONTAGUE ISLAND, ALASKA^r>,/'*AS- BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. " ■ During a short time spent on Montague Island, Alaska, in the spring of lOOo, Mr. Oliarles Sheldon, although chiefly inter- ested in large hears, found time to " Ijotherwith mousetraps." As a result of this interest in small mammals as well as large, seven specimens of a vole and two of a shrew, prepared and presented hy Mr. Sheldon, are now in the Biological Survey Collection. The shrews appear to be indistinguishable from the species of the adjacent mainland coast (Sorex obscurus alascensis), but the voles differ so widely as to require a new name. For the privilege of describing this new form, I am in- debted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of the Biological Survey. Microtus elymocetes* sp. nov. Ti/pe from the east side of Montague Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska. No. 137,323, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, c? adult. May 12, 1905. C. Sheldon. Charnder.t. — Size very large, only equalled among the Alaskan members of the " operarius group " l»y M. innuitus of St. Lawrence Island ; color most nearly like that of M. yakutatensis but underparts even more strongly suf- fused with brownish ; feet dusky brownish instead of gray; skull large and heavy with zygomata strongly notched anteriorly. Color. — Similar in general to that of operarius, unalascensis, and kadia- censis, but slightly darker with entire underparts heavily washed with buffy ; upperparts cinnamon to clay color uniformly mixed with dusky, producing a general effect of raw umber ; sides, face, and head essentially like back ; underparts clay color, sometimes paling to grayish in pectoral and inguinal regions; forefeet dusky brownish, edged with whitish gray; hind feet grayish white proximally, dusky brownish distally; toes dusky brownish ; tail sharply bicolor, dusky brownish above, whitish gray below'. Skull. — General characters as in operarius, unalascensis, and yakutatensis, but size very much larger ; zygomata more deeply notched anteriorly ; size * Elymocetes, from Elymus, the generic name of the wild rye or beach grass often in- habited by this mouse and its relatives. 16— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (71) 72 Osgood — A New Vole from Montague Island, Alaska. about as in M. innuitus ; braincase narrower; rostrum shorter; width across lacrymal processes of frontal greater; audital bullae relatively smaller; upper incisors less projecting anteriorly. Meosurcmenls. — The type and two topotypes, respectively : Total length, 201 ; 191; 180; tail vertebrae, 40 ; 40; 35; hind foot (dry), 23.5; 23; 22. Skull oftype: Basal length, 31.1 ; basilar length, 29.2 ; postpalatilar length, 12.1; zygomatic width, 18.6; mastoid width, 13.8 ; length of nasals, 9.2 ; interorbital constriction, 3.9 ; maxillary toothrow, 7.4. Rnnarks. — This insular form differs from its mainland relatives chiefly in decidedly larger size. It belongs to the so-called '' operarius group" which properly includes, besides a number of Alaskan forms, several of wide distribution in Eurasia. Representatives of this group doubtle.ss en- tered Alaska from Asia at a time not very remote, for although a number of Alaskan forms are now diflferentiated, all are very closely allied and none show any marked departure from the Asiatic forms. The one here described seems as worthy of specific rank as any of the others but the amount of cranial variation in all the forms and the general uniformity of coloration leads one to believe that they might well be ranked as sub- species. If this were done, however, M. oeconomus, M. kamschaticus, and probably M. ratticeps ought to be included as they difTer from M. operarius and other Alaskan forms only very slightly. Skulls of Microlus operarius Group. 99,373 — M. innuitus. Type. 98,991 — M. operarius. Topotype. 98,005 — M. yakutatensis. Type. 107,472 — M. unalascensis. Topotype. 137,323— J»/. elyrnocetes. Type. Vol. XIX, pp. 73-82 June 4, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM THE ISLAND OF MINDANAO, PHILIPPINE ARCHI- PELAGO, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. BY HUGH M. .SMITH AND ALVIN SEALE. In 1903, through the courtesy of the Surgeon-General of the United States Army, a collection of fishes was obtained for the Bureau of Fisheries from the Rio Grande, on the island of Min- danao, Philippine Archipelago. The fishes were collected in Octol)er, 11)03, by Dr. Morse, of the medical department of the Army, who was stationed at Cotabato, near the mouth of that stream, and all of tlie specimens were secured at or in the vicinity of that place. Tlie Rio Grande is a stream of considerable size which rises in the central part of the island and flows southwesterly toward Lake Liguasan ; after receiving the outflow of this large lake it flows northwesterly and discharges through a delta into Illana Bay. The collection is small and contains only 31 species, but these represent 20 families. Four of the species have not heretofore been descrilied, and two of these are made the types of new genera. The native names of the species are given when known. CHIROCENTRIDAE. 1. Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal). One fine specimen, length, 19 inches. Head, 5.40 ; depth, 6.75 (without caudal); dorsal, 17; anal, 33. Color in spirits bluish above, sides and under parts silvery ; axis of pectoral and its outer rays dusky. 17— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (73) 74 Smith and Seale— Fishes from the Island of Mindanao. DOROSOMATIDAE. 2. Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton). "CABASHI." Two specimens, length, 7.75 and 8 inches. Head, 3.45 ; depth, 2.50; posterior dorsal ray not prolonged. Color in spirits .silvery, the back with about 6 longitudinal dusky lines; a Ijrown spot above axis of pectorals; tip of anterior dorsal rays dusky ; the interior rays of each caudal lobe with an indistinct dusky wash. These specimens rejiresent the form called by Dr. Bleeker var. selangkni. ENGRAULIDAE. 3. Anchovia boelama (Forskal). Two specimens, length, 2.50 and 3.75 inches. Head, 3.75 ; depth, 4.10 ; dorsal, 14 ; anal, 33 ; scales, 34 ; snout projecting. Color in spirits silvery bluish above ; no silvery band ; tins uniform. CLARIIDAE. 4. Clarias gilli Smith &, Seale, sp. nov. Head, 7 ; depth, S.50 without caudal ; vertical fins united to caudal ; dorsal, 93 ; anal, 87 ; head with two fontanelles ; barbules, 8, the lower maxillary and upper mandibular pairs very long, extending to middle of pectoral fin; teeth in jaws small, sharp-pointed; vomerine teeth small, rounded, in a somewhat crescent-shaped patch ; toj) of head fbi-med of 21 bony plates, three of which are anterior to the large plate bearing the anterior fontanelle; pectorals short, .5 head, their spines serrated ; ventrals .33 head, their tip reaching to origin of anal ; the vertical fins extend only about one-third the length of the caudal, to which they are a h a. Uai tu* nita/ioji, alter Bleeker. b. cUuian i/iUi smith & Seale. firmly united; length of caudal equal to bend; distance from origin of dorsal to tip of snout 3.90 in length without caudal ; heiglit of dorsal about 3 in head, the anal slightly deeper. Color in sj)irits uniform dull brown, with a slightly bluish tint ; fins similar to body in color, except i)ectorala Smith and Scale — Fishes from the Island of Mindanao. 75 and ventrals, which are yellowish. Two fine specimens, length, 12.75 and 13.50 inches. This species resembles C. nievhofi Valenciennes, but differs in the number and arrangement of tlie cephalic plates, in having but two fontanelles, and in coloration. For comparison, outline figures of the dorsal surface of the heads of these two species are here given. Type, 12.75 inches long, from Rio Grande, Mindanao, No. 55,620, U. S. National Museum. Named for Dr. Theodore Gill. SYNGNATHIDAE. 5. Corythroichthys pullus Smith &. Scale, sp. nov. Head, 8 in'length without caudal; depth, 2.50 in head; snout, 2.20 in head, its width 4 in its length; eye, 2.50 in snout; dorsal, 29* anal, 1; pectoral, 11 ; osseous rings, 15 4 41 ; base of dorsal not elfevated ; angle of forehead not alirupt, being about 30°; no filaments on head; opercle crossed by a single bony stay ; ventral surface of rings on belly and thorax with a sharp median ridge ; dorsal ridge of trunk and tail not continuous ; a low median ridge on top of snout, with small lateral ridge from orbit to tip of snout; length of pectorals 2.50 in snout; caudal 3 in snout; anal opening situated on the posterior body ring; the dorsal fin located on the 6 anterior rings of the tail ; longest dorsal ray about 2.50 in snout. Color Corythirncliiln/s pullus Smith & Seale, sp. nov. in spirits uniform dark lava brown, no black bands or spots anywhere on body; some indistinct pearl-colored spots on ventral surface of l^elly ; a whitish line just below eye; an oblique dusky bar on lower part of opercles uniting under the throat; some lighter spots and reticulations on under part of head ; dorsal with about four longitudinal rows of brown spots ; pectorals and caudal gray. This species resembles C lapeinosomus, but differs in the location of anal opening and in various other characters. One specimen, the type, 5.00 inches long, from the Rio Grande, Min- danao ; No. 55,021 U. S. National Museum. 76 SmWi and Scale — Fishes from the Island of Mindanao. MUG I LI DAE. 0. Liza trocheli Bleeker. Nine specimens, 1.50 to 2.50 inches lonti;. Head, 8.50; deptli, 3. 20; dorsal, iv-i, 8; anal, iii, 8; scales, 32; preorbital toothed at end, but without notch ; no adipose eyelid. Color uniform silvery gray. SPHYRAENIDAE. 7. Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes. " CUMBUSAN " One specimen, 9 inches long. Head, 3.10; depth, (1.50 ; dorsal, v, 19; anal, i, 11 ; scales, S3. Color in si)irits dusky above, white below, scarcely a trace of dusky liand on sides. Similar in every respect to other speci- mens from Cavite. CARANGIDAE. 8. Scomberoides tala (Cuvier & Valenciennes). "CASSISUNG." One specimen, 1 1 .75 inches long. Head, 4.60 ; depth, 3 ; dorsal, vii-i, 20 ; anal ii-i, 17; teeth on jaws, vomer, jialatine, and tongue, some enlarged canines in jaws ; maxillary extending behind posterior margin of eye. Color in spirits silvery, with bluish wash ; several large vertical brownish blotches on sides ; axis of pectoral with dark spot. 9. Scomberoides toloo=parah (Riippell). "CASSISUNG." Five specimens, 5.50 to 10.75 inches long. Head, 4.50 ; depth, 4 ; dorsal, v-ii, 19; anal, ii, 20; maxillary ending under jiosterior third of eye; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, ])alatines and tongue. Color in spirits silvery, bluish above, tip of dorsal black. 10. Caranx fosteri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (Caranx hippos Giinther.) One specimen, length 5 inches. Head, 3.10 ; depth, 2.50 without caudal ; dorsal, ix-i, 21 ; anal, ii-i, 17; 42 scales in curved portion of lateral line, 30 armed scutes in straight portion ; tiie curved portion containe; scales, 52; in curved portion of lateral line, 32 armeii scales in straight portion ; breast naked ; maxillary ending on a line with posterior third of jmpil. Smith and Scale — Fishes from the Island of Mindanao. 77 Tliis species resembles C. foslrri, but is easily distinguished by the naked breast ; it is also a little deeper. Our specimens show no dusky bands but are uniformly silvery, the spinous dorsal grayish. LEIOGNATHIDAE. 12. Leiognathus dussumieri (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Five specimens, length, 1.50 to 3 inches. Head, 3 ; depth, 1.50 ; dorsal, viii, 16; anal, iii, 14; lateral line complete; breast naked; two small spines above anterior margin of eye. Color in spirits silvery ; axis of pec- toral dusky; fins unmarked. 13. Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen, length 3.50 inches. Head, 3 ; depth, 2 ; dorsal, viii, 18 ; anal, iii, 14 ; lateral line incomplete. Color silvery, bluish above, a large black blotch occupying upper half of spinous dorsal. 14. Gazza minuta (Bloch). Four specimens, length, 3.10 to 3.50 inches. Head, 3 ; depth, 2 ; dorsal, viii, 16; anal, iii, 14; lateral line incomplete; teeth like small canines; lower margin of preopercle denticulate. Color in spirits silvery ; back with yellowish reticulating lines. AMBASSIDAE. 15. Priopis urotaenia (Bleeker). Eight specimens, length, 1.50 to 4.75 inches. Head, 2.50; depth, 2.50 ; scales, 30 ; two rows of scales on cheeks. Color in spirits yellowish white, a silvery line extending forward from base of caudal along middle of sides ; membiane between second and third dorsal spines dusky. Similar in every respect to other numerous examples from Bacon, Sorsogon, P. I. SERRANIDAE. 10. Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker). One fine specimen, length, 12.10 inches. Head, 2.45 without caudal; depth, 3 ; dorsal, xi, 15 ; anal, iii, 8 ; scales, about 88 ; interorbital less than eye; opercular spines equidistant ; opercular flap pointed ; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle. Color in spirits light brownish, with scattered black dots over body about half the size of pupil. LUTIANIDAE. 17. Lutianus lineatus (Quoy & Gaimard). Two specimens, length, 7.50 and 11 inches. Head, 2.75; depth, 2.50; doi-sal, x, 14; anal, iii, 8; scales about 50; teeth on tongue ; preopercle scarcely notched, knob small ; caudal truncate (broken) ; maxillary ex- tending to below anterior half of eye. Color in spirits grayish ; larger specimen more silvery; indistinct dusky oblique lines above lateral line, longitudinal ones below ; all the fins grayisli except pectorals, which are yellow. 78 SinltJi ami Scale — Fishc>i from the Island of Mindanao, 18. Lutianus malabaricus (Bleeker). Three specimens, length, 8.75 to 14.50 inches. Head, 2.50; deptli, 2.45 withont caudal; dorsal, xi, 14; anal, iii, 8 ; scales in lateral line, 52; no lingual teeth ; caudal truni'ate ; notch of preopercle shallow l)ut wide and distinct, knob distinct ; pectorals long, extending to base of anal. Color in spirits j'ellowish with indistinct oblique dusky lines above lateral line, longitudinal lines below ; axis of pectorals dusky ; a white spot on to|) of caudal peduncle scarcely showing in very old exanijjle; fins uniform yel- lowish white. 19. Terapon jarbua (Forskal). '• BUNGAO." Two specimens, length, 0.75 and 7.75 inches. Head, 3.10 ; depth, .3.14 ; dorsal, xii, 10; anal, iii, 9; scales, 80. Cblor in spirits silvery, with three brownish longitudinal bands; dorsal with large blai'k blotch; soft dorsal with two dusky blotches; ol)lique dusky bands on caudal. Similar in every respect to specimens from San Fabian, Pangasinan, 1'. I. HAEMULIDAE. 20. Pristipoma hasta (Bloch). Two fine specimens, length, 10.50 inches. Head, 2.90 ; depth, 2.80 ; dor- sal, xii, 14; anal, iii, 7 ; scales, 52; gill-rakers, 12. These specimens repre- sent the two forms /'. hasla (Bloch) and P.neprh (Riippell), which Dr. Day (Fishes of India, p. 74(3) unites under the name P. IhikIh. These specimens show no difference exc^ept in their markings ; one represents the form with numerous small black dots forming irregular longitudinal lines, similar in every respect to P.hanta as figured by Bleeker (Atlas Ichthyologi(]ue, vol. 8, pi. cccxxv, fig. o) ; the other represents the foiin with 8 vertical bands, as shown in Bleeker's figure (op. cit., pi. cccli, fig. 4), this speci- men showing also numerous indistinct lines of dots as in J'. }iasta. MULLIDAE. 21. Upeneus vittatus (Forskal). "TIAIW." Three specimens, length, 4.20 to 11 inches. Head, .3.18; depth, 3.20; dorsal, vii, 10 ; anal, i, 0 ; scales, .">7 ; barhules, short. Color in spirits, yel- lowish, tipper half of body with four dusky longitudinal lines; tup of spinous dorsal dusky ; an indistinct dusky band through its middle; soft dorsal with two indistinct dusky l)ands, each lobe of caudal with live or six oblique dusky bars; in tlie small examples the markings almost ob- literated. EPHIPFIDAE. 22. Ephippus argus (Gmelin). One specimen, length, 10 inches. Similar in every respect to specimens from Cavite and Bacon, Sorsozon, P. I. Head, 8.50; depth, 1.75 withont caudal. Color in spirits brownish with a wash of blue, scattered black dots over back and sides ; ventral surface lighter. Smith and Scale — Fisha^ frow the Island af Mindanao. 79 TETRAOOONTIDAE. 2o. Tetraodon patoca Buchanan. Six specimens, lenstii, 1.50 to 2.50 inches. Head, 2.50 ; deptli, 3 ; dorsal, 9; anal, S ; small prickles on back from interorbital space to a line with posterior axis of pectorals, and on belly from chin to near anal spine, other parts naked ; a simple nonpeiTo rated nasal cavity with two membranous flaps. Color in spirits brownish above, whitish below, a dusky band on anterior interorbital space; another over back to base of pectoral fins, another at base of spinous dorsal; sides of body with large white spots ; fins white ; posterior half of caudal dusky. ANABANTIDAE. 24. Anabas scandens (Daldorff). Three fine specimens, length, 5 to 5.20 inches. Head, 3; depth, 2.60 without caudal ; dorsal xviii, 7 ; anal, x, 9 ; scales in lateral line, 29 ; opercle and j)reopercle serrated; vomerine teeth. Color in spirits uniform dull brown. OPHIOCEPHALIDAE. 25. Ophiocephalus melanopterus Bleeker. "AMANC." Three specimens, length, 8.75 to 14.50 inches. Head, 3; depth, fi; dorsal, 40; anal, 25; scales, 54. Color in spirits blackish brown, fins blackish, lower part of head and ventral surface of body whitish wilh dark brown spots. A large series of specimens will probably show 0. miidnojdenis and 0. slrialus to be identical. GOBIIDAE. 26. Glossogobius giuris (Buchanan). Eleven specimens, length, 2.10 to 7.75 inches. Head, 3 ; depth, 5.50 ; scales, 30; dorsal, vii, 9 ; anal, 9; tongue, forked ; no canines; caudal rounded ; about 20 rows of scales in front of dorsal ; ten rows between ori- gin of the dorsals. Color in spirits yellowish brown with about 5 indistinct dusky bands over back which alternate with dusky blotches on sides ; dorsals and caudal with rows of black dots; pectorals usually with two dusky blotches on base; ventrals and anal usually yellow, but in some specimens slightly washed with dusky. In general form and color this species resembles G. Ijr-auums of Japan; the Japanese form, however, al- ways has black spots on nuchal region. Illana Smith & Seale, gen. nov. {Gohiklsc). This genus is characterized by the presence of two distinct barbules on the chin ; teeth in jaws in tw;^o series, the outer ones in each jaw enlarged, canine-like; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; ventrals united; head naked and broad ; tongue emarginate. Type, Illana cacabet. 80 Smith and Scale — Fishes from the Island of Mindanao. 27. Illana cacabet* Smith & Seale, sp. nov. Head, 3.75; depth, (5 in length without caudal ; dorsal, vi, 10 ; anal, 10; a series of eight scales between origin of soft dorsal and anal ; scales, 30 from upper margin of opercle to end of vertebrae; snout, 3.20 in head; in- terorbital less than eye. Body moderately elongate, compressed ; snout rather rounded, the lower jaw slightly the longer ; width of head, 1 30 in itslength, its depth 2in its length ; cheeks fat, the lower half of cheek crossed by 5 or 6 longitudinal lines of minute warts, with one or two oblique rows at each end of these lines, probably the openings of mucous pores ; tongue Illava cacabet Smith & Seale, sp. nov. rather deeply emarginate ; teeth small, with the outer row in each jaw en- larged, canine-like; maxillary ending on a line with anterior margin of eye; chin with two barbules about equal in length to diameter of eye ; a shallow longitudinal groove in nuchal region extending to snout; head without scales ; scales of body adnate, those of nuchal region small, about 15 in front of dorsal, a series of 10 between the origins of the dorsals ; spin- ous dorsal with the second spine elongate, in males extending to or beyond middle of soft dorsal ; longest dorsal ray, 1.60 in head; pectorals, 1.10 in head ; ventrals, 1.35 in head ; origin of anal tin midway between tip of snout and base of caudal ; anal papilla distinct ; l)ase of anal, 1.20 in head its longest ray 1.75 in head ; caudal rounded, 1.10 in head. Color in spirits yellowish below, lirown above, with about three indistinct dusky bands over back and 5 dusky blotches along the sides, one at base of caudal, one on middle of caudal peduncle, one under posterior of soft dorsal, one under anterior of soft dorsal, and the anterior one under the anterior half of spinous dorsal ; no bluish marking or spot on shoulder ; two or three irregular brown lines connecting these blotches more or less ; some irregular fine brown dots and lines on head and cheeks ; dorsal fins with rows of brown dots forming oblique lines, less distinct on spinous dor- sal ; caudal with brown vertical l)ands, the four upper rays white at base ; pectorals, ventrals, and anal bluish. Three specimens, length, 3 to 3.25 inches. The type is a male, length 3.25 inches, from the Rio Grande in Mindanao, No. 55,622, U. S. National Museum. ♦ * Cacabet is a Philippine name for the goby. SmitJi and Scale — Fishes from (lie Idainl of Mindanao. 81 Gohiufi ojayiofinmui^ Bleeker probably belongs to this genus, but is a difierent species, as seen by the presence of the lines of warts on cheeks of our specimens, and the different color markings. In G. cynnosnmus the jaws are said to be equal, in our specimens the lower jaw is a little the longer. 28. Qlossogobius biocellatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens, length, 2 inches. We refer these examples to this species with considerable doubt, owing to their mutilated condition. Head, .S.25; depth, G.50 ; dorsal, vi, 10 ; anal, 9 ; scales, about 2() ; tongue forked. Color in spirits brownish with indistinct darker lines ; ventral and anal fins bluish ; spinous dorsal with dusky blotch ; soft dorsal with rows of brown spots. 29. Acentrogobius acutipinnis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One specimen, length, 2 inclies. Head, 3.45 ; depth, 4.75 ; doi-sal, vi, 10 ; anal, 12 ; scales, 2?) ; anterior dorsal spines filiform, nuchal region unsealed; Color in sjiirits yellowish with about 7 irregular bands over back fortning blotches on sides ; a blue line from eye to angle of mouth ; another from eye to posterior margin of opercle. The dorsal spines in our example are much longer than in tiie specimen figured by Dr. Day. Caragobius Smith & Seale, gen. nov. (Gobiidae). Posterior third of body well scaled, head and anterior two-thirds naked ; head large, oblong, quadrilateral ; lower jaw heavy ; a single row of small, sharp, curved canine teeth in each jaw, no enlarged canines ; eyes entirely covered with skin; no barbules; tongue rounded, inconspicuous; gill- ojienings straight, vertical, restricted ; a small pore above each gill-opening which opens into a cavity separate from gill-cavity ; dorsal fins continuous, long and low; ventrals fully united. This genus is related to Trypauchen Cuvier & Valenciennes, but is distinguished by the differences in squama- tion, teeth, eyes, etc. T3'pe, Qirr'gobius iypJtIops. 30. Caragobius typhlops Smith & Seale, sp. nov. Head, 5 in length without caudal ; depth, 2; snout, 3.75 in head ; dor- sal, vi, 30; anal, 34 ; scales on posterior third of body only. Body elon- Caragobius (i/jihlojis Siiiitli & Seale, sp. nov. gate, compressed ; the head large, quadrangular, its depth slightly greater than width, the width 1.45 in its length; lower jaw heavy, the cleft of 82 Smit)i and Scale — Fkhesfrom the Island of Mindanao. month (lire(!tes M'lWer. Cluiracters.— Like Cynopterus bat with the larger cheek-teeth broader and more squarish in outline ; crown of pm j and niy with distinct terete cusp slightly in front of middle of crushing surface. Species. — Niadius princeps ( Miller ) . Remarks. — In the increased size of the larger cheek-teeth this genus ap- proaches Thoopterus ; but the terete cusp in pm^j and m f differs conspicuously from the ridge which occupies somewhat the same position in the related group, Sphserias gen. nov. {Pteropidse). Type. — Cynopterus hlanfordl Thomas. Characters. — Like Cynopterus but without calcar and external tail; inci- sors more developed than in any of the related genera, the series of the lower jaw forming four conspicuous serrations when viewed from in front, those of the u]iper jaw with sharp-edged crown well differentiated from shaft and provided with a large main cusp near middle. Species. — Sphserias blanfordi (Thomas). Remarks.— This genus was included in Thoopterus by Matschie * but it is readily distinguishaljle by the small (normal) cheek-teeth, the absence of the calcar and external tail, and the very peculiar, trenchant form of the incisors. *Flederm. des Berl. Mus. fur Naturk., p. 77, 1899. 18— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX,-1906. (83) 84 Miller — Twelve Neiv Genera of Bats. Macroderma gen. iiov. {Megadermidse). Type. — Megaiierma gigax Dobson. Cfiaracters.—DiSering from Mer/ddeniia and Li/nnhrina in the al)sence of the small ui)per premolar (pm^), in tlie peculiar character of the interorbital expansion, the development of which is intermediate between that iii the Asiatic and African members of the group, and in the much greater devel- opment of the cartilaginous premaxillaries. Species. — Macroderma gigas (Dobson). Ardops gen. nov. [Phiiliodouiidx). Type. — Slenoderma nichoUsi Thomas. Characters. — Like Slenoderma but rostrum not depressed between supra- orbital ridges; anterior nares directed chiefly forward; incisive framina not separated by any appreciable space from roots of incdsors ; supraorbital ridges angled at middle ; inner upper incisor with length of crown nearly equal to height; and m'- and m- without metaconule. Species. — Ardops nichoUsl (Thomas), A. melong to an undescril^ed species which may be called Querquedula orinomus sp. iiov. Chars, sp. — Similar to Qnerqufdahi cn}'terS. Palmer. * /iecT-qfj.ppla, south ; A^Cs, mouse. Vol. XIX, pp. 99-100 July 30, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF TSE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW MANGROVE CRABS FROM COSTA RICA. BY MARY J. RATHBUN. By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Prof. J. Fid. Tristan and Prof. P. BioUey of San Jose are making a study of the fauna of the mangroves of Costa Rica, and have submitted the crabs to me for examination. Three new species have been discovered, the types of which have generously been given to the U. S. National Museum. Sesarma (Sesarma) rhizophorje sp. nov. T?/;)e.— Male, in alcohol. Boca del Jesus Maria, in the mud of mangroves, January, lOOO. J. Fid. Tristan and P. Biolley, collectors. Cat. No. 32,491, U. S. National Museum. C7((tr«c/<' AS-.— Carapace j as long as wide, short-pubescent, smooth, punc- tate, very convex longitudinally, less so transversely. Front more than i width of carapace, steeply inclined, sides parallel, lower edge sinuous in top view, convex in front view, superior lobes smooth, low, outer pair nar- rower than inner pair. Orbital margin directed strongly backward and outward, with a curved tooth at outer angle, behind which on the lateral margin there is a second strong tooth separated from the first by a deep sinus. Arm and wrist crossed by short granulated rugse; palms coarsely punc- tate, upper margin a single line of granules, inner surface partly granu- • lous, some oblique lines near the top ; dactylus punctate at base and with a granulate line above on the basal half. Legs pubescent, with some longer hairs, third pair about 2{ times as long as carapace; merus joints armed with a slender subterminal spine ; dactyli having a long slender tip ; merus of third pair about 2h times as long as wide. Abdomen of c? narrow except at its base ; appendages of first segment ending in long needle-like points. Measurements. — Length, 10.9 ; anterior width, 13 ; width at lateral tooth, 13.7; posterior width, 12.8 ; width of front, 7.5 mm. Remarks.— This is the representative on the Pacific coast of S. curacao- ense de Man*, in which, however, the legs are much shorter and broader, meral spines shorter and stouter, abdomen of c? broader, appendages of first segment stouter and devoid of slender tips. * Notes Leyden Mus., XIV, p. 257, pi. X, fig. 6, 1892. 23— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (99) 100 Rathb'un — T/ij-ee New Mangrove Crabs from Costa Rica. Sesarma (Holometopus) biolleyi sp. nov. 7;v;)^.— INIale, in alcohol. Salinas de Caldera, Boca del Jesus Maria, Jan- uary, 1906. J. Fid. Tristan and P. Biolley, collectors. Cat. No. 32,490, U. S. National Museum. Characters. — Carapace a little broader than long, and broader behind than before, very uneven, granulate anteriorly, punctate and wrinkled posteriorly, nearly naked. Front h width of carapace, vertical, widening below, lower edge projecting, convex in front view. Superior lobes well marked, the middle pair wider. Upper margin of orbit sinuous, very ol)lique, outer tooth acuminate. Chelipeds rugose, the rugio changing to single granules or tubercles on the distal half of the palms; the latter much inflated, inner face sparingly granulous, a transverse row of granules near the distal end. Dactyli very broad at base viewed from above and granulous. Legs long and narrow, third pair 2\ times as long as carapace, its merus 3 times as long as wide. Measurements. — Length, 19.1 ; anterior width, 20.2; posterior width, 21 ; width of front above, 11.3 mm. Remarks. — Allied to .S'. (//.) miersrl Rathbun,* but differs in its carapace narrower anteriorly, upper border of orbit inclined more strongly back- ward, front wider, and ambulatory legs much longer and narrower. Oc- curred in abundance at the type locality. Eurytium tristani sp. nov. Type. — Male, in alcohol. Boca del Jesus Maria, hidden in the fine mud of rotten trees. J. Fid. Tristan and P. Biolley, collectors. Cat. No. 32,366, U. S. National Museum. Characters. — Carapace slightly convex from side to side, strongly convex from front to back. Gastric region with its subdivisions and cardiac region well delimited. Surface finely granulate, without transverse strise. Front \ as wide as carapace, bilobed, each lobe convex except for an incon- spicuous outer tooth. Two distinct notches in the upper border of the orbit ; tooth at outer angle blunt, prominent, and partly fused with the next or second lateral tooth which is nearly as advanced as the first and slightly larger ; third, fourth and fifth teeth prominent, with convex outer margins ; anterior border of third tooth straight and transverse, of fourth and !ifth teeth concave and directed outward and backward. Lower teeth of orbit strongly projecting. Merus of outer maxilliped not dilated at outer angle. Chelipeds and legs as in E. limosum (Say).t Measureutenls. — Length, 18 ; width, 28.2 mm. Color. — Traces of violet on upper surface of chelipeds and of red on upper surface of movable finger. Remarks. — This species resembles E. limosum. in its convexity but difTers in the cut of the front and antero-lateral teeth ; E. ajline (Streets and Kingsley) J is a much flatter species with inconspicuous side teeth. *Proo. Biol. Soc. Vk'ash., XI, p. 91, 1897. tJour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 446, 1817. JBull. Kssex Inst., IX, p. 106, 1877. Vol. XIX, pp. 101-112 July 30, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON BIRDS FROM COSTA RICA AND CHIRIQUI, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS AND NEW RECORDS FOR COSTA RK^A. BY OUTRAM BANGS. In the spring of 11)05 wliik- Mr. Rol)ert Ridgway was in Costa Rica, Mr. C. F. Underwood oftVrt'd liini for sale his entire col- lection of l>irds. Mr. Ridgway at once wrote to John E. Thayer, Esq., and myself, setting forth the great advantage it would be to American ornithologists to have this collection come to the United States. Mr. Thayer at once l)onght the collection and in due time it was packed and shipped to us. It consisted of ;),o()5 skins, representing al)OUt Gil species and subspecies — mostly' from Costa Rica, thougli a few came from Guatemala. The collection had l>een kept by Underwood as a sort of type series from Avhich he might name specimens he secured, and many of the skins had been identified by Salvin, the labels bearing names and notes in his handwriting. Besides contain- ing representatives of most of the rarer Costa Rican species the collection is rich in young birds in nestling plumage, and where the series of a species is large, specimens both in freshly moulted plumage and in worn, abraded condition can be found. The dates on the labels cover nearly a score of years, and the col- lection is the result of Underwood's laying aside the better things secured Ijy him during this period. Such a collection is invaluable. Mr. Thayer turned the whole lot over to me for identification, and with help here and there from Ridgway, Nelson, Oberholser, Richmond, and Riley, I have at last finished the work, which, as usual, took a much longer time than I anticipated. At first Mr. Thayer was undecided what to do with the collection, but, noticing from time to time the great interest I took in it, finally, 24-Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (101) 102 Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqid. with his accustomed generosity, told me to keep a series for my own collection and to arrange the duplicates for exchange — probably with the National Museum. As was to be expected there proved to be several new forms and several new records for Costa Rica in the Underwood collec- lection, besides which the fine material from the neighboring country gave me an opportunity for comparison of Chiriqui birds — collected by Brown — that I never before had had, result- ing in the discovery among them of one or two new forms. The following nates and descriptions are the results of my work on the Underwood collection, which also meant going over again all of Brown's Chiriqui collections. Botaurus lentiginosus (Mont.). One 9 taken at Reventazon, November 5, 1 899,' appears to be the first Costa Rican record for the species. Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). One 9 from vicinity of San Jose, September 15, 1898, adds this species to the Costa Rican ornis. Heteropygia bairdi (Cones). Baird's sandpiper must also be given a place in the Costa Rican ornis, on the strength of one 9 taken by Underwood at Cerro de la Candelaria, near Escazii in October, 1900. Leptotila cassini vinaceiventris (Ridg.). In the Underwood collection are two doves, both adult males, labeled Leptotila cassini, one of them so identified by Salvin, one from Volcan Mi- ravalles, September 11, 1895, the other from Juan Vinas, March 20, 1902. The Miravalles specimen is tyi)ical vinaceiventris, exactlj^ matching Hon- duras examples. The Juan Vinas ))ird is not quite typical, api)roaching cassini in its grayer breast and slightly darker and more lustrous upper parts. Compared, however, with a pretty extensive series it seems rather nearer to vinaceiventris than to cassini. Qeotrygon costaricensis Lawr. In 1902* I recorded Geotrygon costaricensis from the Volcan de Chiriqui, on the strength of four adults taken there by W. W. Brown, Jr. I was somewhat surprised a little later to see my record discredited in Biologia Centrali-Americana,t where my Chiriqui specimens are referred to Gr. laivrencei Salvin, and this done without seeing my skins or even writing *Proc. New. Eng. Zocil. Club. Vol. Ill, p. 24, Jan. ;w, I'JOl. t Vol. 3, p. 266, 1897-1904. Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui. 103 to me to ask if I had made a mistake ! My identification was correct, and the birds from the Volcan de Chiriqui are true G. coslaricensis, differing in no wise from Costa Rican si)eciniens. The Underwood collection contains a splendid series of Geolrygon which includes all the species known from Costa Rica — Geolrygon albivenier, G. montana, G. verngunms, G. lawrencei, G. coslaricensis and G. cldriquensis. I think it would be difficult to select more inapplicable names than vera- guensis, coslaricensis and cJiiriquensIs, which tliree of these doves are doomed to bear, misleading any one not familiar witli tlie birds to suppose tliey were local forms, confined each to the country tlie name of which it bears. Bangs Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens subsp. nov. Type from Boquete, Chiriqui. c? ailult, No. 9117, coll. of E. A. and O. Collected March 3, 1901, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Characters. — Similar to true P. Iiolf'manni of Costa. Rica, except in having the featliers of top of head — especially tlie occiput — more or less tipped with red and with red shafts; underparts slightly darker green — less yellowish green. MKASUREMENTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tar- sus. Cul- men. 9117 d'ad. Chiriqui, Boquete 133 112 13.5 19 9iia d^ad. do. 132 110.5 13.5 19.5 9115 9 ad. do. 132 111.5 14 20 9125 9 ad. do. 130 111 13 19 In Catalogue of Birds in British Museum, XX, p. 230, Salvadori noticed tliis difference between Costa Rican and Veraguan specimens of P. hoff- manni. When I compared Brown's Chiriqui birds, twenty-seven in num- ber, witli the Costa Rican material in the U. S. National Museum I was of opinion that it was not a constant difference, as there was in that insti- tution one Costa Rican skin with some red tips to the feathers of the nape, and I had one skin from Chiriqui that had none of the usual red tipping. I find on closer inspection that this latter bird is young — not full grown — and even the yellow markings of the head are ill defined. All the skins in the Underwood collection are without a trace of these red-tipped feath- ers, and the one Costa Rican specimen, before referred to, is the only one to show anything of the sort. It has the red-tipped feathers and red shafts developed about as much as in Chiriqui skins that show such mark- ings the least. Chiriqui skins usually, also, have more yellow on the crown than Costa Rican ones, and slight as the differences are it seems best to recognize two subspecies. I for one do not hold that subspecific characters must be absolutely constant. In this very case I do not think that one Costa Rican specimen, out of the large number examined, showing the char- acters of the southern form, should be considered to disprove tlie existence of such a form. 104 Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui. The two subspecies of Pyrrhura ])offinunnl are easily recognized l)y tlie Costa Rican true hojf'nuwni being without red tips and sliafts to the feathers of nape and crown (one skin only out of a large number examined show- ing any) and the Chiriqui form, gaudem, having always, when adult, such red markings, often very conspicuously developed. Eumomota superciliaris australis subsp. nov. Type from Bebedero, Costa Rica, c? adult. No. 16,499, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected February 11, 1890, by C. F. Underwood. Characters. — Similar to true E. superciliaris, but paler in color throughout, blue color of wings and tail much paler, more greenish blue ; superciliaries chiefly whitish or very pale blue ; cinnamon-rufous of middle of back and belly paler, particularly so on belly ; and wings quite different in charac- ter, the primaries unw.h shorter in proi)nrtion to secondaries, so that the secondaries reach nearly to the wing tip; black tips of tertials and second- aries much shorter. MEASUREMENTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Exposed Culmen. 16,499 16,500 c3'ad. 9 ad. Bebedero, C. R do 109 107 200 181 21 20 41 The Underwood collection contained but two skinsof this bird,— which is I believe rare and local in Costa Rica,— both from Bebedero, the type, an adult male taken February 11, 1890, and an adult female, September 11, 1893. These two are alike in all important points, and differ very much from any northern specimen— I have examined a score or more— in the very peculiar wing with the secondaries and tertials reaching almost to the wing tip, instead of falling far liack of it. The short black ends of the tertials and secondaries and the generally paler and duller coloring of the southern bird are also striking characters, and if other Costa Rican , examples prove like my two I believe this southern extreme will be found to be more than subsi)ecifically ditferent from the northern true E.svprr- ciliaris (Sandbach). Crypticus apiasler Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1S42, p. 174, was described from " San Carlos America' Centralis, Oceani Pacitici." As every Central Amer- ican State excei)t British Honduras has a town in it called San Carlos, I am at a loss to tell just whence Lesson's tyjie came. There is nothing in the description to indicate that the bird differed in any way from true Eumomota superciliaris, and I am forced to regard Lesson's name as a syno- nym of the northern form. Saucerottea cyanura impatiens subsp. nov. Type (and only specimen) from San Redro, (^osta Rica, fully adult d*. No. 16,684, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected October, 1904, by C. F. Underwood. Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui. 105 Chiirackrs. — Similar to true S. cijanura (Gould), but larger with shorter hill ; head, back and breast darker green ; under tail coverts dull steel blue edged with rich ferruginous — the under tail coverts in true 8. cynmira are edged with pale grayish. Mfiisiu-finevts. — Type, old adult c?: Wing, 54 ; tail, 28 ; culmen, 18. Compared with *S'. so/jhi;c (Bourc. & Muls.), the conunon Costa Rican species, the new bird is at once distinguished by its more glittering green crown, rustj' instead of grayish edges to under tail coverts and wholly ditferent wing with conspicuous chestmit patches in it, and lined with chestnut. The type locality of .S'(mr"('n>//«( c//'(Httra (Gould) is Realejo, Nicaragua, near the Pacific coast in the northwestern part of the republic. I have seen no specimens from this immediate region, but have compared the one Costa Rican skin with three from tlie boundary Hne between Honduras and Nicaragua, 180 miles fi-om Pacific coast, and one from Guatemala. Gould's figure and description of the type agree minutely with these four skins, and not at all with the type of my new form from Costa Rica. Ai)i)arent]y .V. cijiiuuvd liii/Kitli'iiK is an extremely rare bird, the type being the only individual Underwood ever saw ; but it must be borne in mind tliat theornis of much of Costa Rica remains still unknown. Many tro|)ical American birds are exceedingly local, though perhaps common in certain spots, and this hummer may yet be found in numbers somewhere. Oreopyra. Salvin in Cat. of Birds in British Museum and Hartert in Trochilidae, both allow four forms to the genus of humming-birds, Oreopyra, confined to Costa Rica, Chiri(pii and Veragua. Salvin gives these all si)ec;ific rank while Hartert allows two species and two subspecies. With the specimens in the Underwood collection and those taken by W. \V. Brown, Jr., on the Volcan de Chiriqui combined, I have before me a series of u|)wards of 200 skins, representing three of the four recognized forms. A critical study of this large amount of material has induced me to alter somewhat the arrangement of the species and subspecies as adopted l)y Hartert, which was as follows — la. Oreopyra leucaspis leucaspis Gould. Chiriqui. lb. 0. leucaspis cinereicauda Lawr. Costa Rica. 2a. 0. caloLrina caLoLrma Sal v. Costa Rica and western Panama. 26. 0. calohona pedoralis Sal v. Costa Rica. The females of all are practically alike (I can tell none of them). 0. leu- caspi.'^ and 0. calolxinneire distinguished by the male of the former having a white and the male of the latter a violet throat. O. cinereicauda, how- ever, is quite distinct in that the male has a gray tail (the others having it steel blue) and a much bluer, less greenish crown. 0. pecturalis — a form I have not seen — I should judge to have been based on abnormal specimens 106 Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriq ai . of O. calolxina C(dwn. Tlie back and rump in X. variei/'dicrpti idonen-s are paler and more oliva- ceous, less reddish brown than in true A', variegaticeps. From A', tempontlix ^8cl.) of Ecuador, the Chiriqui bird differs in having the shaft spots on breast and belly nuich less well developed. MKASIJIM-MKNTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. 86 79 Tall. Tarsus. Exposed Cuhnen. 8948 8944 c?ad. 9 ad. Boquete, Chiriqui .... do. .... 69 67.5 20.4 20 18.2 18 In 1890 Dr. Sclater called attention to the differences in color between northern and southern examples of .\ iKilidzeiiop.i variegalircj)^, in Catalogue of Birds, Vol. XV, pi>. 10()-107, but so far as I am aware the si)ecies has not been subdivided by name till now. The eight specimens collected by Brown on the Volcande Chiriqui from 4,000 to 4,800 feet altitude vary but little one from the other and are all very different in color from northern examples. The range of tiie new form does not extend north of Chiriqui, Costa Kican examples being wholly referable to true A. variegaticeps. X. variegatirejts idoneus is an intermediate form, between true A', variegati- ceps and X. leinjxirnlis, though different enough from either to be recognized by name. Thryorchilus ridgwayi sj). nov. Type from Volcan Irazii, Costa Rica. Adult ((5" ?)•* No. 17,152, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected March 4, 1899, l)y C. F. Underwood. Charaelers. — ISimilar to Tliniorchilas liroirni (Bangs) of the Volcan de Chiriqui but slightly larger and color of njiper j>arts and flanks darker and decidedly more olivaceous, less reddish brown — almost bistre on head, back, flanks, under tail coverts and anal region, gradually shading into mummy brown on runq) and upper tail coverts. MEASUItKMENTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wiug. Tail. Tarsus. Exposed Culmeii. 17,152 19!t,509 (?c?)ad. tc? ad. Volcan de Irazii, C. R. . . do. . . 52 50 32.5 30.5 23.5 23 14 13.2 When Mr. Ridgway packed up for shipment the Underwood collection he discovered among the wrens it contained one skin belonging to this *The type was not sexed by the collector but undoubtedly is a male. tCoU. U. S. National Museum. Bangs — Birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui. 109 little known genus from Irazu, and wrote me that he thought it represented a new form. Later in the season— May, 1905— Mr. Ridgway visited Trazu himself and liad the pleasure of seeing the sjiecies in life, liis companion, Don Anastasio Alfaro, succeeding in taking one example, whicli has been kindly lent me.* The species lived on Irazii in brushwood in ravines above timber-line. There is no cane (bamboo) on Irazu. It was not uncommon, though very hard to shoot. The Irazii wren is quite distinct from the only other known member of the genus, T. brnwni of the Volcan de Chiriqui, wholly lacking the strong ruddy or chestnut coloring of tlie lower back, rump, tail coverts and flanks of that species ; it is also larger. Cyanolyca blandita sp. nov. Ti/pe from Volcan de Chiriqui, 9,000 feet altitude, cJ adult. No. 9324, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected June 2, 1901, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Chararlcra. — Similar to Cyannh/ra iir/;n)ti(jnla (Lawr.) of Costa Rica and of the same size, but throat constantly pale blue— flax flower V)lue — and pale colored l)and across head narrower and blue throughout, darker on sides of head, paler in middle. In C. nrgpntig^ilri the throat is silvery white, sometimes shaded with lavender gray ; the band across head is much wider, nearly wliito in middle and pale blue at the sides. Nestlings of tlie two forms are easily distinguished; even in this stage of plumage C. nrgcntiguin having a silvery and C.hlandita a blue throat. The band across the head is narrower and less definite than in the adults, but it is bluish in C. hUinditd and whitish in C. argenllgula. MKASUIiEMKNTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Exposed Oulmen. 9324 9327 c? ad. 9 ad. Volcan de Chiriqui. do 74 71 132 131.5 35.5 34.5 26 26 At the time I worked over the collections made in Chiriqui by Brown I did not have adequate material from Costa Rica and referred the Chiriqui bird to C. argentiguln. The splendid series in the Underwood collection including adults taken at various seasons of year (January, February, May, June, and Sei)tember), and nestlings, compared with the equally good one from Chiriqui, at once proved the incorrectness of my earlier identification, and showed the forms from the two regions to be distinguishable at a glance. Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps Ridg. In the Underwood collection is one fine adult male of this subspecies from Pozo Azul, western Costa Rica, taken June 10, 1903. Thus still an- *See Robert Ridgway, A Winter with the Birds of Costa Rica, The Condor, Vol. VII, No. 0, November-December, 1905, p. 159. 110 Bangs — Birds from Costa Blca and Chiriqid. other Pananian form proves to extend its range north to the Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Apparently the more northern suhspeoies V. pulchellus verticaUs Ridg. occupies eastern Costa Rica and extends southward even to the Volcan de Chiriqni. I have one adult bird (the only one from the region in my collection) from Boquete, Chiri(iui, tiiat is absolutely typical T'. pulchellus verllcalis. The characters that separate these two forms appear perfectly good, and we have in these vireos another instance of a Panaman form extending into western and a Central American form into eastern Costa Rica. Stelgidopteryx. In the Underwood collection is an extremely interesting series of nine rough-winged swallows, no two of which are quite alike. One or two breeding birds from Pozo Azul and Juan Vinas, C. R., and two others in fresh plumage taken in March, are rather nearer serri.pennis than any of the other subspecies, and might almost pass for that form except that all show some fulvous on the throat and one or two have dusky spots, more or less well developed, on some of the longer under tail coverts ; another skin, a breeding bird, taken at Pozo Azul, June 16, is exactly intermediate between these and »ro/)_(/,7(«/*'.s; three others from Pozo Azul and Carrillo I should call uro}>ygialis. I must again emphatically express my belief that there is 6?(/ o??,f species of SlAgidnplfri/.r. Since I first made this statement (Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club. Vol. II, pp. 57-60, July 31, 1901), I have been accumulating what specimens I could, and now have a much more extensive series, that to my mind conclusively proves this. Selecting specimens of breeding birds from a large amount of material I can lay out a line of skins that shows every possible stage of intergradation between the various forms and every com- bination of characters. There is no reason for considering any of the forms more than subspecies, there is absolutely no break in the chain anywhere, and no gap in the breeding range of the species. The form Ridgway named S. mlvini was based on a series of intergrades between serripennis and uropyguiUs, very unstable in chaiacter, and subject to an immense amount of variation. This is the !)ird I cixWed fuhipenms, a name which I still do not feel at all sure is not the proper one, if such intergrades are to be recognized by name at all. S. rldijivayi Nelson unquestional)ly intergrades with serripennis. I have an adult male taken March (>, at Texolo, V. C, Mex., that is exactly inter- mediate in every character. I occasionally, also, find well develoj^ed dusky markings on under tail coverts in specimens taken within the United States, one adult male taken April 4, at Barrington, Ga., having these markings very consi)icuously developed. I was pleased to see that Dr. Hellmayr, in a recent paper on the birds of Trinidad, agrees with me and also recognizes the very pale form of the northeastern portion of South America that I named S. riificollis xqnalis, especially as other students of the American ornis have persisted in taking the opposite view. Bangs — Bird^ from Costa Rica and Chiriqui. Ill Chlorophanes spiza (Linn.). The twenty-six skins of Chlorophanes .yilza in tlie Underwood collection from Pozo Azul and San Jose are intermediate between subspecies guale- 7nalensls and exsul though rather nearer the latter. None of them have as long bills as the northern form and none are quite so large, and although none have quite the small size and short bill of exsul, several speci- mens might well pass for that form. Dacnis cayana callaina Bangs. The Underwood collection contains nine skins of this form, three of them fully adult males, all from Pozo Azul, thus extending the range of the Cliiriqui form to western Costa Rica. Unfortunately there were no skins from other places in Costa Rica, but I fancy ultratnnrina is the subspecies that inliabits the eastern part of the country. Icterus prosthemeles Strick. There is in the southern part of the range of Icterus prosthemeles a ten- dency toward a curious phase of plumage that apparently never occurs among birds from Mexico or Guatemala. In a series of southern specimens some can always be found that show much black mottling on flanks and have the black of breast extended far backward over the belly, and in a few specimens the black of the back also encroaches much on the yellow rump patch. If all southern examples were alike, no ornithologist would hesi- tate to I'ecognize a southern form by name, but they are not. In fact the larger number of specimens from Panama to Honduras are quite like Mex- ican examples. It may be that in time this tendency among southern examples to show much more black than northern ones will become a fixed character, but at present it certainly is not. In the Underwood collection there were but two skins of this species, one the blackest I have ever seen, the other exactly like ordinary Mexican specimens. Icterus sclateri Cassin. In Birds of North and Middle America, part II, pp. 297-298, foot-note, Ridgway suggests that perhaps two forms of this striking oriole may really exist, — Icterus sclateri sclateri Cassin, Nicai'agua to Costa Rica, and I. sclateri formusus (Lawr.), Honduras to Oaxaca. In the Underwood collection there is a fine pair from Miravalles, Costa Rica. These and my one Mexican example. Nelson compared for me with all the material in Washington, and found no appreciable difference in size between northern and southern specimens. Southern skins have the back more solidly black than northern, but the difference is slight and perhaps partly due to season — the southern specimens examined being in freshly acquired autumnal plumage, and there seems no need for a sub- division of the species. 112 Bangs — Birds front Costa Rica and Chlriqid. Chlorospingus regionalis sp. nov. Type from Cariblanco de Sarapiciui, Costa Rica, c? adult. No. 17,491, coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs. Collected August 11,1899, by C. F. Under- wood. Characters. — Similar to ChlnyoxjinKjiLs iiov'iv'ms Bangs of Volcan de Chir- iqui, but much duller in color, especially below, the rich greenish ochre of jugulum and olive yellow of breast and sides and under tail coverts of dtoeicivs being replaced in the new form by dull yellowish, olive-green — slightly brighter and more yellowish on jugulum and darker and duller on sides and under tail coverts ; back duller and browner olive and size a little larger than in C. nuvicius. MEASUKEMKNTS. No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tar- sus. Exposed Culmen. 17,491 17,492 cJ*ad. 9 ad. Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, C. R. Azabar, C. R 70 G8.5 57 57 22 22 i's At the time I separated C. ridriciufi fiom C. idhiteinpom (Lafr.) of South America, Ridgway and I together conipaied very carefully the Ciiiriqui series with such specimens from Costa Rica as were in the National Museum, and made up our minds that birds from the two regions were subspecitically distinct, as suggested by Ridgway — Birds of North and Middle America, Part II, p. 1(54, foot-note. The use here of a binomial for the form, is not because I consider it very different fioin C. iiorlcius, Init because both may eventually prove to be subsj)ecies of C. albileiupdia, and in such cases, until the real relationships of the forms are established, binomials are preferable to trinomials. Junco vulcani (Boucard). The Irazu Junco, the most southern and most aberrant member of the genus, is confined, so far as known, to the summits above timber line, of the Volcan de C'hiri(jui and of Irazu. One would naturally expect to find a bird of such peculiar haljiits and habitat difl'erentiated into at least sub- species on these two isolated i)eaks. I have Ijefore me now a beautiful suite of specimens, which includes adults and young taken on correspontl- ing dates from both Irazu and the Volcan de Chiriqui, and while there is a slight difference in birds from tlie two volcanoes I am unable satisfactorily to sei)arate them. Birds from Trnzii area little daiker, with slightly grayer heads and with backs more heavily marked with black than in those from the Volcan de Chiriciui, but the differences are trifling and not altogether constant, and after very careful consideration I have decided it would be unwise to divide the species into two subspecies. Vol. XIX, pp. 113-114 September 6, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SCYLLARIDES FROM BRAZIL. BY MARY J. RATH BUN. By permission of the Secretary of tlie Smithsonian Institution. The specimen here described was among those taken V)y the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross during her voyage around the Horn in 1887-88. Scyllarides brasiliensis sp. nov. T(/pe. — Female, in alcohol. Baliia, Brazil. U. S. Fish Commisgion steamer Albatross, December 21, 1887. Cat. No. 21,G12, U. S. National Museum. Characters. — Very hairy. Carapace varying little in width. Orbits near the anterior corners; distance from orbit to side margin | of distance from orbit to middle of carapace; transverse diameter of orbit much less than longitudinal diameter. Inner margins of first three movable joints of antennpe dentate, teeth flattened, not erect; antepenult segment without prominent teeth at the angles. First segment of abdomen with two circular and distant red spots, the interspace greater than the distance from either spot to the outer margin of tlie segment. Second to fifth segments medially carinate. Crests on the meropodites of the legs becoming successively less promi- nent from the first to the fifth pair; the same is true of their terminal teeth. Very slight crests on the carpopodites ; propodites rounded above. Legs of third to fifth pairs rather long and narrow. Measurements. — Length of carapace, 86.5; greatest width, 80.5 mm. Remarks. — Allied to S. cequinoctialis (Lund).* * Skrivt. Naturh.— Selsk., Copenhagen, 11. pt. 2, p. 21, 1793. 25— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (113) Vol. XIX, pp. 1 15-120 September 6, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON _ ^ DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW FORMS OF OLIGOMY- ODIAN BIRDS. BY ROBERT RIDGWAY. By permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Coryphotriccus gen. nov. {Tyrannidx) . Type, Pilangus albovilallus Lawrence. Similar to Pilangus but bill relatively much shorter and broader (ex- posed culmen little if any longer than tarsus and much le.ss than twice the width of bill at frontal antiyo), and rictal bristles nuu-li weaker; still more closely related to Cmmpitts, but exposed culmen equal to or slightly longer than tarsus, instead of much shorter. {Kopvilaris ])ilaris but larger and coloration darker, with pileum decidedly darker and duller in color than back. Venezuela. Rhynchocyclus klagesi sp. nov. Type, No. 75,587, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., adult female, Maripa, Venezuela, May 9, 1901 ; S. M. Klages. Similar to E. sulphurescens (Spix) but much smaller and coloration slightly darker ; wing, 52 ; tail, 44 ; exposed culmen, 1 1 ; tarsus, 15 ; middle toe, 8. Venezuela (Maripa). 26— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol.. XIX, 1906. (115) 116 Ridgivay — Neiv Forms of Oligomyodkin Birds. This bird may possibly be the same as R. ((ssiinllis Pelzeln (Orn. Bras., ii Abtli., 1869, 181), from Engenho de Gama, San Vicente, Borlja, Rio Negro, and Barra, northern Brazil, but without a specimen of the latter for comparison it is impossible to be sure whether the two are identical or not. Mionectes olivaceus venezuelensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 70,345, Am. ^NIus. Nat. Hist., adult female, Guacharo, Vene- zuela, December 14, 1898; F. W. Urich. Similar to ^f. olivaceus olivaceus, of Costa Rica and Panama, but larger (adult female averaging wing 67.8, tail 52.5, exposed eulmen 13.5, instead of 63.3, 45.9, and 12.5 respectively), and throat more broadly and more distinctly streaked. Venezuela. Elsenia frantzii stolzmanni subsp. nov. Type, No. 88,441, U.S. Nat. Mus., adult female, Tambillo, northern Peru, September 11, 1877 ; F. Stolzmann. Similar to E. frantzii frantzii but upjier parts browner and .slightly darker and under parts much more strongly yellowish (al)domen and median portion of breast between straw yellow and sulphur yellow). Northern Peru (Tambillo). Although identified by Count von Berlepsch as E. obscura (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny), the specimen mentioned above is very different from any of the several specimens of that species in the National Museum collection and is much nearer E. frantzii. It is very slightly larger than any female of the latter of the series measured in length of wing and tail, which are 81 and 72.5, respectively, the maximum of E. frantzii (thirteen females) being 80.5 and 71. Myiarchus ferox actiosus subsp. nov. Type, No. 198,632, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male ; Pigres, at mouth of Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, March 6, 1905 ; R. Ridgway. Similar to .U. ferox panamensis (Lawrence) but color of back, etc., darker and duller olive, hindneck, sides of neck, and sides of head purer gray, and yellow of under parts paler; still more like ^f.f. plucocephalus (Sclater), of western Ecuador, and scarcely to be distinguished excejit for paler yellow of under parts. Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Megarynchus pitangua caniceps subsp. nov. Type, No. 126,595, U. S. Nat. Mus., male ad., Barranca Veltran, southern Jalisco, March 25, 1892 ; P. L. Jouy. Similar to M. pitangua mexicanus but pileum sooty gray or deep mouse gray instead of blackish, and color of back, etc., much grayer olive. "Western Mexico. Ridgivay — New Forms of Oligomyodian Birds. 117 Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi siibsp. nov. Ti/pf, No. 147,568, U. S. Nat. Mas., Nauta, northeastern Peru, Dec. S 1883 ; T. Hauxwell. Similar to P. erytlirocephala ertithrocephala but yellow of head and neck mneh lighter (bright chrome instead of cadmium yellow or orange) and usually without any red posterior margin ; wingaveraging decidedly longer and bill slightly smaller. (Wing of adult male averaging 59.C ; exposed culmen, 8.9.)* Eastern Ecuador to central Colombia (Bogota), northeastern Peru, and lower Amazon Valley. Count von Berlepsch has long ago called attention to the differences pre- sented by birds of this species from eastern Ecuador on the one hand and those from northeastern Colombia (Bucaramanga) and Venezuela on the other (Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 304, 305). I find the differences mentioned by him entirely constant in a series of nine adult males from the Rio Napo, eastern Ecuador, and two from Nauta, northeastern Peru, as compared with ten adult males from Cayenne and British Guiana, ten from Venezuela, nine from Trinidad, and six from northern Colombia. Specimens from Bogota, central Colombia, are, as might be expected from geographical con- siderations, intermediate, but are decidedly nearer to the upper Amazon form. A single specimen from Para, on the lower Amazon, agrees with P. e. berleparlii in coloration but is very small, the wing measuring only 52 mm. while the shortest wing in the series of eleven specimens from the upper Amazon measures 56.5, the longest 61.5 mm. Pipra pipra bahiae subsp. nov. Type, No. 115,147, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Bahia, s. e. Brazil ; C. H. Townsend and T. Lee. Similar to P. pipra pipra but adult male with under parts of body, posterior to che.st, dull slate-black or blackish slate instead of intense blue-black, and black of other portions less intense and much less bluish or violaceous. Southeastern Brazil. Pipra pipra anthracina subsp. nov. Type, No. 108,278, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Moravia, Costa Rica, Oct. 30, 1885; Juan Cooper. Similar to P. pipra pipra,^ of Cayenne, British Guiana, and Venezuela, but wing decidely shorter, bill smaller, black color of adult male much less lustrous (deep velvet or opaque black instead of glossy blue-black), and under tail-coverts tipped with grayish. Panama and southern Costa Rica. * Eleven specimens. Thirty -live adult males of P. e. erythrncephala average: Wing, 57.9 ; exposed culmen, 9.5. i[Parus] pipra Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 175S, 190. Pipra leucociUa Linnaeus, Mus. Frid. Adolph. Regis., ii, 1764, 32 : Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 176G, 3-10. [Pipra] leucocapilla Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 1002. 118 BirJgvcn/ — New Forms of Oligomyodian Birds. More closely resembling P. p. eorucina* in coloration, but the l)l;ick de- cidedly less bluish and size much less. Scotothorus olivaceus sjx nov. Tijpf, No. 75,520, Am. Mas. N. II., adult female, Rio Mato, Venezuela, Jan. 25, 1901; S. M. Klages. Most nearly resembling S. rosenbergi (Hartert) of northern Ecuador, but much lighter in color throughout (above clear olive, the wings and tail sepia brown, beneath light olive, tinged with pale yellow, the throat tinged with bufl"), and with wing, tail, and taisus decidedly longer (wing 88, tail 62, tarsus 22 mm.). Venezuela. Scotothorus furvus sp. nov. Ti/pe, No. 62,070, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Boquete de Chitra, Ver- agua, Panama, 1869; E. Arce. Most like S. rosenbergi, but much darker and more uniform in color (decidedly the darkest member of the genus), the upper parts dark olive- brown or bister, under parts nearly uniform deej) olive (more grayish on under tail-coverts), bill much larger and tail much longer; also somewhat resembling S. irallacii Sclater and Salvin, but very much darker tlirough- out (es})ecially on lower parts), bill much larger, and tail relatively longer (wing 89.5, tail 66.5, exposed culmen 16 mm.). Pacific slope of western Panama. Attila tephrocephala sp. nov. Ti/pr, No. 04,624, \J. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, Talamanca, Costa Rica ; Jos6 C. Zeledon. (Collector's No. 4'42.) Somewhat like the grayer or more olivaceous examples of ^1. cltrenpyga cilreopyga but pileum brownish slate-gray or mouse gray, lower throat, chest and sides of breast uniform light mouse gray or olive-gray, throat with fewer and less distinct dusky streaks, and larger wing-coverts much less distinctly tipped with brown. Southeastern Costa Rica (Talamanca). Attiia citropyga salvini subsp. nov. Ttipr, No. 177,.%8, U. S. Nat. IMus., adult male, Pasa Nueva, Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 23, 1901 ; A. E. Colburn. Similar to A. c. cilreopyga, of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, but de- cidedly browner above (the pileum and hindneck never olivaceous), rum]) and upper tail-coverts ochraceous instead of light chrome, naples, or maize yellow, tail more cinnamomeous or tawny, and size averaging decidedly larger. Southeastern Mexico to Honduras. This is the form usually known by the name AUila ciircofiygin (Bona- parte) ; but the type of the latter came from Nicaragua, and therefore be- * Piina coracina Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 29 (Bogotd, Colombia). P [ipra] leucocilla coracina Borlepscli and Ilarteit, Novit. Zool., ix, April, 1902, .'J3, in icxl.—Pipra leucocitla coracina Ilelhnayr, Ibis, l'JC(), 26 (monogr.). Rulguaji — New Forms of OUgomyodian Birds. Ill) longs to the southern form known as A. sdatcri Lawrence, the latter name being a synomyni of .1. dtrcnpi/gn. Attila citreopyga luteola subsp. nov. Ti/pc, No. 64,G23, U. S. Nat. Mas., adult male, San Jose, Costa Rica; Jose C. Zeledon. (Collectoi-'s No. 247.) Similar to .-1. dtreopygn c'mnamotaea, of western Mexico, but decidedly smaller, rump and upper tail-coverts yellow instead of ochraceous, and an- terior under parts much less distinctly streaked. Differing from A. c. cUrenpiign in much lighter and more cinnamomeous color of back, scajiulars, and tail and much less distinctly streaked throat and chest. Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Tityra semifasciata columbiana subsp. nov. Type, No. 170,410, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, La Concepcion, Santa Marta, Colombia, April 6, 1899; W. W. Brown, Jr. Similar to 7'. ntnnifitsfiiata semifa^ciatii but adult male with forehead much less extensively black, and adult female much darker above, with back and scapulars light grayish brown (instead of brownish gray to pure gray) and pileum deep grayish brown (instead of light grayish brown or brownish gray). Northern Colombia (Santa Marta district';. Tityra semifasciata costaricensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 199,039, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, Bonilla, Costa Rica (Atlantic slope), March 29, 1905; Anastasio Alfaro. Similar to T.s. columbiana (theadult male scarcely if at all distinguishable) but usually with black area on inner web of lateral rectrices more exten- sive; adult female much darker and browner, the back and scapulars deep grayish brown, pileum and auricular region darker grayish brown, ami rump darker gray ; slightly smaller (Panama specimens decidedly so). Panama to southern Honduras (Rio Segovia). Although Dr. Sclater and Messrs. Sclater and Salvin profess their in- ability to distinguish the birds of this species from Mexico and Centi'al America from those of South America, and' consequently unite them all under the name Tityra semifasciata, examination of a splendid series (several hundred specimens) shows clearly that in reality the species is easily divisible into several well-defined geographic forms, of which I am able to characterize the following : 1. Tityra semifasciata semifasciata (Spix). Southern Brazil, etc., to central Colombia (Bogota). 2. Tityra semifasciata columbiana Ridgway. Northern Colombia (Santa Marta district). 3. Tityra semifasciata costaricensis Ridgway. Panama to southern Hon- duras. (Panama specimens are intermediate in coloration between the typical biril from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and southern Honduras on the one hand and Santa Marta examples (7". s. columbiana) on the other, but are decidedly smaller than the latter and on the whole nearer the former in coloration). 120 Rldgwuii — New Forms of Oligomyodian Birds. 4. Tltyra semifasr.iaia personata (Jardine and Selby). Central Honduras to eastern Mexico. (This form is decidedly larger than either of the preceding, has the adult male decidedly deeper gray (especially on upper parts), the adult female most resembling thatof 7\ s. coMaricen.<ersonala.) but also the Panama birds (from T. ,s. costaricensis) ; and it is not unlikely the South American birds may in reality include one or more subspecies in addition to those designated above. Platypsaris aglaise yucatanensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 130,02:^, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male ; Yucatan ; G. F. Gaumer. Similar in coloration to P. aglaiie aglaix, of northeastern Mexico, but smaller, with relatively larger bill (wing averaging 87.2 in male, 86.8 in female, exposed culmen 17.2 in male, 17.4 in female, the corresponding average measurements of P. a. aglaix being: Wing 94.8 in male, 93.9 in female ; exposed culmen 16.3 in male, 16.6 in female). Yucatan. Lathria unirufa clara subsp. nov. Type, No. 53,767, U.S.Nat. Mus., adult male; Panama (Lion Hill sta- tion ?) ; J. McLeannan. Similar to L. unirufa unirufa (of southeastern Mexico to Guatemala) but general coloration decidedly clearer or brighter, inclining to dull cinnamon- rufous above, the under parts clear tawny-ochraceous ; averaging decidedly smaller. Nicaragua to northern Colombia. Lathria fusco=cinerea guayaquilensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 101,27!, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult; Guayaquil, western Ecuador, 1884 ; Dr. Wm. H. Jones, U.S. N. Similar to L. fusco-cinereafusco-cinerea (Lafresnaye), of Colombia, but gray of under parts much more strongly tinged with buffy olive, under tail- coverts much browner, and remiges darker; slightly smaller. Western Ecuador. Vol. XIX, pp. 121-126 September 6, 1906 PROCEEDINGS ,^'' OF THE / t BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ^ NOTES ON THE MAMMALS OF GRAND MANAN, N.B., WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF WTIITE-FOOTED MOUSE. BY MANTON COPELAND AND MORTON L. CHURCH. The following paper is the ii'sult of a visit made to Grand Manan by the authors lasting from Septemlx'r 16 to 24, 1905, nearly all of tliat time Ixnng spent at (irand Harl)or. The collecting of specimens was all done near Grand Harbor on the main island, our success in this being due largely to the assistance of Mr. Leonard Foster, to whom we wish to express our gratitude. We wish to thank also Mr. Outram Bangs for the generous use of his collection, and Mr. Wilfred H. Osgood and Dr. Glover M. Allen for assistance in the identification of specimens. Odocoileus virginianus borealis (Miller). NORTHERN VIRGINI.^ DEER. "We were told that deer were formerly common on the island, but from all that we could learn they have been extinct for tifteen or twenty years. Sciurus hudsonicus gymnicus Bangs. RED SQUIRREL. The red squirrel is much in evidence on Grand Manan and very abundant. We found it plentiful about Grand Harbor and common at Southern Head. On our tramps along the logging paths and through the woods their chat- tering notes greeted us on every side, and they seemed equally at home in the low growth of moist localities, or among the larger and drier spruce and deciduous woods. Their food consisted almost entirely of spruce cones, which we noted everywhere pulled to pieces and scattered over the fallen trees, stumps and moss. A series of thirty-six specimens was collected and carefully compared with the mainland squirrels. Owing to their great abundance it would seem as if they nmst have been on the island for many years, but no evi- dent dilferentiation has resulted, and they are entirely referable to (jym' 27— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 190G. (121) 122 Copeland and Church — Mammals of Grand Manan. nicus. As the validity of this subspecies is soniewliat questioned, and rests principally on size, the following table of measurements may be of interest. Both body and cranial measurements of the Grand Manan specimens are strikingly close to those of gymnicus from the mainland. Average Measurements of Adult Sciurus Jmdsonicus gyinnicas. Hind foot. • 291.7 297.8 108.2 120.5 118.2 107.0 121.2 44.9 (11 specimens) 45.2 .... S Grand Manan. N. 1?. .... 8 Ferry, Me. Coll. of Morton L. Church 296.5 290.0 45.2 45 5 .... 10 Digbv, Nova Scotia * .... 5 South Twin Lake. Me. t 290.2 44.5 .... 6 Topotypes, Greenville, Me. J SKULLS. 43.5 43.2 43 7 4.3.3 43.0 Basilar length. 34.2 (7 specimens) 33.7 Zygomatic breadth. 25.1 (6 specimens) 24.6 ^ OS . •m -t^ rH O T^'w .C w O 5i ft^ rn9' C^ ^^ -« 13.S 13.2 13.9 12.7 12.5 13.4 12.3 13.8 11.8 8 Grand Manan. N. B. 8 Perry, Me. Coll. of Morton Jj. (Church. 12 Upton, Oxford Co., Me. I 5 South Twin Lake, Me. + 6 Trousers Lake, N. B. t Peromyscus canadensis argentatus subsp. nov. GRAND MANAN WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE. Tg})e from Grand Harbor, Grand Manan, New Brunswick. Adult 6^. No. 108, coll. of Manton Copeland, Taunton, Mass. Collected September 19, 1905, by Morton L. Clmrch and Manton Copeland. Distribution. — Island of Grand Manan, New Brunswick. Characters. — Resembles most closely Peromyscus canadensis abietorum, but differs decidedly and constantly, and is easily distinguishable. The color of upper parts is close to slate-gray, and lacks almost completely the dull russet of abietorum ; dark patch in front of eye pronounced. Measurements of body and skull average somewhat greater than those of abietorum. Color. — Type : Upi)er parts slate-gray due to the presence of black-tip]>ed and gray-tipped hairs; mid-dorsal line slightly darker; a few russet-tipped hairs, most abundant on sides and at base of tail ; dark patch in front of eye more prominent than in abietorum,; underparts white, hairs [ilumbeous at base ; hands and feet white; tail sharply bicolor, black dorsally, white ventrally. * Bangs, O., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, p. 160, Dec. 28, 1906. t Allen, J. A., Bull. Amor. Mus. Nat. Hist., X, pp. 255-256, .Inly 22, 1898. I Bangs, ()., Proc. New Kng. Zoiil. Club, I, pp. 27-29, March 31, 1899. jJ Thomas, O., IToe. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, pp. 191-196, Sept. 2, 1905. II Allen, J. A., Mon. N. Amer. Rod., p. 688, 1877. Copelcmd and Church — MammaU of Grand Manan. 123 Twenty-three adult topotypes show no appreciable variation from the type. The younger ppecimens differ only slightly from the old, — their general color is a little more gray owing to the presence of but few russet hairs. No very small young were obtained. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 179.5; tail vertebrae, 87 ; hind foot, 21.5 ; ear, 17.5 mm. Skull: Greatest length, 26.4; basilar length, 20; palatilar length, 11; zj'gomatic breadth, IS. 7 ; mastoid breadth, 11.1; interorbital breadth, 4 ; length of nasals, 10. S ; length of upper molar series, 3 ; length of lower molar series, 3.4 ; length of single half of mandible, 16.4 mm. Average measurements of twenty-three adult topotypes : Total length, 179.9 (171-194) ; tail vertebrae, 87.8 (82-93) ; hind foot, 21.2 (20-22). Average cranial measurements often adult topotypes : Greatest* length, 25.6 (25.1-26.5) ; basilar* length, 19.4 (19-20.1); palatilar* length, 10.8 (10.5- 11.2); zygomatic breadth, 13 (12.7-13.4) ; interorbital breadth, 3.9 (3.7-4) ; length of nasals, 10 (9.0-10.4). Average measurements of twelve adult topotypes of both sexes of Peromyscus canadensis abietorum from collection of E. A. and 0. Bangs : Total length, 172.7 ; tail vertebrae, 87 ; hind foot, 19.9 mm. Average cranial measurements of eight of the same : Greatest length, 24.7 basilar length, 18.8; palatilar length, 10.2; zygomatic breadth (seven speci- mens), 12.2 ; interorbital breadth, 3.8 ; length of nasals, 9.7 mm. From the above it may be seen that argentatus averages slightly larger than abielorum in body and foot measurements, and in all cranial measure- ments. Re-marks. — This beautiful silvery gray deer mouse, so strikingly different in color from its relatives of the coast, is a typical example of an insular race which, through isolation and close interbreeding, has developed char- acters quite its own. It inhabits the dark thick growths of spruce and fii-, the more open mixed woods of conifers, birch, and beech, or some wooded hillside strewn with numerous decaying stamps and prostrate trunks. Here it makes its home in the underground passages beneath stumps and the moss covered roots of trees, and runs through the rich carpet of moist sphagnum so characteristic of the northern woods. The mouse is common about Grand Harbor and we took forty in our traps, — baited with rolled oats, — all of which were preserved and examined. Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord). MEADOW MOUSE. The meadow mouse proved to be a common species in the vicinity of Grand Harbor, and we took over seventy in our traps. They inhabited almost all the localities in which we trapped, and were equally abundant in the wet meadows and dry fields, or with the white-footed mice in the moist evergreen woods and along the edges of the heavier timber. ♦ Thomas, O., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, pp. 191-196, Sept. 2, 190.5. 124 Copeland and Church — Mammals of Grand Manan. Thirty-six specimens, botli old and young, were preserved and examined. The adults measured considerablj'^ larger than typical ])einisylv mm. wide. Upper sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse, or sub- acute, 3 mm. long. Petals ovate-acute, 3-nerved. Lip 3-lobed ; lateral lobes minute, rounded, basal; middle lobe relatively very long, 2 mm. wide, semi-orbicular, about 1 mm. long, trituberculate, with a tubercle on each side at base near the sinus formed b}' the lateral lobes and with a papillate tubercle between them. Column stout. From between Suyoc and Panai, Prov. Benguet, Luzon, epii>hyte in mossy forest, alt. about 0,-500 ft., November 7, 1905, Elmer D. Merrill (No. 4758). The lip although unlike those of all other species of Acnr'nlintn is of great interest inasmuch as the tubercles are in character and location similar to those of such species as ^4. pumilum and A. venufilulum. In habit the plant resembles A. Whitfnrd'd and A. p]iilij)piuense. Acoridium oliganthum sp. nov. Pseudobulbi pyriformes ; folia ol)longa, sub-acuta vel obtusa, quam pe- dunculo breviora ; sepala lateralia late ovata, obtusa, 3-ner via; sepalum dorsale oblongum, ol)tusum, 3-nervium; labellum sagittatum, 3-lobatum, 3-callosum, lobis lateralibus obtusis. A diminutive epiphyte with roundish or pyriform, rugose pseudobulbs 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. thick. Leaves shortly petiolate, 1.7-2 cm. long, .3-5 mm. wide, sub-acute or obtuse. Peduncles longer than the leaves, flexu- ose, filiform, few flowered. Bracts about 2 mm. long, exceeding the ovaries. Flowers small, brownish-red, orange when dry. Lateral sepals broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, 2 mm. long, by about 2 mm. wide. Upper sepal oblong, broadest above the middle, obtuse, 3-nerved, 3-mm. long. Petals broadly cuneate-obovate, broadest above the middle, 3-nerved, obtuse or sub-acute, 2 mm. long, slightly more than 2 mm. wide. Lip contracted-sagittate, 3-lobed, with the middle-lobe bluntly apiculate or obscurely 3-lobed and the lateral lobes blunt and rounded with a large truncate tubercle at the base of eac^h near the outer margin, and on the median line or disc of the lip a minute, very obscure papilla. Column short, with a very prominent protuberance in front. From Mt. Data, Distr. Lepanto, Luzon, alt. 7,000 ft., October 29, 1905, Elmer I). Merrill (No. 4481). In tlui rierbariimi of the Bureau of Science at Manila this species and A. oci'Wtlwii are mounted on the same sheet. Both species were collected by Mr. Merrill at the same time. Only four plants were found, two of each species. A. (>l>(j(ml}).um belongs to that group of J'Juacoridiam species which have the lateral lobes of the lip much smaller than the middle lobe and which merge with A. Whitfordii and .1. ori'l/nliun. Ames — New Species of Aroridium from the Philippines. 151 Acoridium ocellatum sp. nov. Pseudobulbi pyriformes; folia oblonga, obtusa ; sepala lateralia ovata, obtusa; sepalum dorsale elliptico-oblongum, obtusum; petala ovata; sepala petalaque ocellata; labellum incraspatiiin,3-callosain, pentagulare, acutum. A diminutive, coriaceous-leaved species with ocellate sepals and petals. Pseudobulbs 1 cm. long, about 5 mm. thick, ovate-oblong or pyriform, strongly rugose. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, obtuse. Petioles 5 mm. long. Peduncle about as long as the leaves, few flowered. Bracts 3 mm. long, erose-margined, longer than the ovaries. Lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Upper sepal elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 2 mm. long, 3-nerved, the nerves branched. Petals ovate, about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, like the sepals provided with dia- phanous areolae or ocelli scattered among the semi-opaque tissues. Lip fleshy, about 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, pentangular, acute, the apical angle forming a triangular tooth ; near the center on the median line a minute papilla is situated between two truncate tubercles. Column short and stout. From Mt. Data, Distr. Lepanto, Luzon, alt. 7,000 ft., epiphyte with brownish-red flowers, October 29, 1905, Elmer D. Merrill (No. 4481a). Acoridium ocellatum is readily distinguished from all other Philippine species of the section Euacoridium by the scattered ocelli on the sepals and petals. Acoridium Merrilli sp. nov. Pseudobulbi fusiformes ; folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta; sepala lateralia lineari-lanceolata, acuta; petala oblongo-lanceolata, quam sepalis breviora, margine minute denticulata; labellum 3-lobatum, lobis lateralibus rotun- datis, quam lobo medio emarginato minoribus. Near DendrochVum exalata J. J. Smith. Pseudobulbs clustered, mono- phyllous, 2-2.5 cm. long, fusiform, grooved and furrowed when dry, sheaths 2.5-7 cm. long, maculate, acute. Leaf oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, 11-14 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide. Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm. long. The prom- inently nerved lamina of the leaf, which becomes very dark in color when dried, passes abruptly into the petiole. Peduncle very slender, 0.5 mm. in diameter, naked, without imbricating bracts at the summit below the in- florescence, equalling the leaf or slightly shorter. Inflorescence a loose, graceful, comparatively large-flowered raceme, 1 dm. long, 1.5-2 cm. through. Floral bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, about 3 times longer than the ovary and pedicel, 4-7 mm. long, the slender awn-like apical portion up-curved. Flowers 4 mm. apart. Lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, acum- inate, acute, carinate, 3-nerved, 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, spreading ; upper sepal similar to the lateral ones, of equal length with them. Petals oblong- lanceolate, microscopically and irregularly toothed along the margin, acute, 3-nerved, 6 mm. long. Labellum with 3 thickened nerves, ecallose, 5 mm. long, 3-lobed, the apical lobe much the largest, 3 mm. long and broad, rounded, blunt and emarginate, lateral lobes nearly half round, minutely toothed, obliquely erect. Column rather stout, 2.5 mm. long, apex mi- nutely crenulate, about midway in front a membranaceous protuberance. Fruit not seen. 152 Ames — New Species of Acoridium from (he PliUiiypines. From Mt. Data, Distr. Lepanto, Luzon, November, 1905, E. D. Merrill (Nos. 45S5 (type) and 4858). This very distinct species, which shows clearly its affinity with Plaiy- cUnis Kiugii Hook f. (Icones PI. 2015) and with Dt'iidrncJiilnm exalatum J. J. Smith, from which it is readily distinguished by its very different labellum, is represented by two collections made I)y Elmer D. Merrill on Mt. Data, on the island of Luzon. It is a most interesting addition to the group standing between Platyelink and Enacovldium, having the habit of the former and the gynostemium of the latter. ? 2. PLATYCLINIS. Acoridium longilabre sp. nov. Pseudobulbi oblongo-fusi formes ; folia lineari-oblanceolata, obtusa, mu- cronata, valde 3-nervia ; perianthii membra inter se fere aequalia, lineari- oblonga, obtusa vel sub-acuta ; labellum integrum, quam sepal is petalisque latins, ad basim 2-lamellatum. Pseudobulbs 13-80 nmi.long, oblong-fusiform, clothed by nigro-punctate sheaths. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, about 2i) cm. long 15-18 mm. wide, prominently 3-nerved, the lateral nerves giving the leaf the appearance of being marginate-winged. Lamina decurrenton the petiole, which is 10 cm. long. Peduncle shorter than the leaves and petioles, slender, flexuose, 20-30 cm. long. Flowers reddish-brown when dry, in dense, spicate, cylindrical racemes. Eacemes 7-8 cm. long. Bracts 4-5 mm. long, subacute, exceeding the ovary. Divisions of the perianth about equally long, obtuse or sub-acute, linear-oblong. Lip much broader than the sepals and petals, margin entire, 5-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; at base, on the lateral nerves two lamellae, 1 mm. long. Apical wing of column quadrate, the summit irregularly and minutely crenulate, lateral wings from above the middle of the colunm. From Mt. Apo, Mindanao, alt. 5,600 ft., solitary or clustered on mossy trees, April 19, 1904, E. B. Copeland (No. 1025). Acoridium graciliscapum sp. nov. Pseudobulbi fusiformes ; folia linearia, obtusa ; sepala lateralia oblongo- lanceolata, sub-acuta, 1-nervia; petala lineari-oblonga, obtusa, 1-nervia; labellum oblongum, integrum, bicallosum ad basim ; lacinia lateralia apud summam columnain affixa. Pseudobulbs fusiform, 1.5-2 cm. long, clothed by closely appressed, nigro- punctate sheaths. Leaves linear, tapering at both ends, obtuse, 10-15 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, petiolate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, about 15 cm. long, filiform. Raceme densely flowered, 4.5 cm. long, about 5 nun. through. Bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, about 1 mm. long. Flowers small. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, 2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide. Petals slightly shorter than the sepals, linear-oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved. Jjip oblong, entire, bicallose, 2 nun. long. Colunm short, stout, apex ob- scurely 4-lobed or crenulate, lateral arms erect, arising from near the sum- mit of the column, much exceeding the terminal wing. Ames — Neiv Species of Acoridium from the Philippines. 153 From the trail to Mt. Apo, Distr. Davao, Mindanao, alt. 5,400 ft., epiphyte in large clamps on mossy trees, April 19, 1904, E. B. Copeland (No. 1019). Acoridium cucullatum sp. nov. Pseudobulbi semifusiformes ; folia lineari-lanceolata, obtusa ; pedunculi quam foliis longiores; sepala lateralia lanceolata, acuta, 1-nervia ; petala oblonga, obtusa, 1-nervia ; labellum incrassatum, 3-callosum, aliquanto hastatum, obtusum, margine crenulata, callo medio cucullato; laciniae columnae supra medium positae ; lacinia media obscure 5-6 dentata. Pseudobulbs semi-fusiform, 18 mm. long, clothed by closely appressed nigro-punctate sheaths. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse 4.7-9 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide. Petiole 1.5-3 cm. long. Peduncles slender, longer than the leaves. Flowers in slender, rather densely flowered racemes. Bracts 1.5 mm. long, obtuse. Lateral sepals lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved, 2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide. Upper sepal oblong, acute, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Petals oblong, obtuse, 1 .5 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide. Lip fleshy, some- what hastate, obtuse, 1 mm. long, with ocellate cells along the crenuiate mar- gin, 3-nerved at base with a transverse, somewhat cucullate callus, in front of which at each side is a small papilla. Column short, stout, lateral wings above the middle exceeding the middle wing which is shortly and obscurely 5-6 toothed. All of the perianth organs characterized by scattered ocel- late cells. A single unnumbered specimen in Herbarium of the Bureau of Science, Manila. From Mt. Apo, Mindanao, alt. 6,000 ft., on mossy trees, April 21, 1904, E. B. Copeland (marked type). Acoridium Copelandii sp. nov. Pseudobulbi oblongi ; folia rhombiformi-lanceolata, acuminata, obtusa vel sub-acuta, plurinervulosa ; sepala lateralia ovato-lanceolata, acuta, 8- nervia; petala oblonga, acuta ; labellum integrum, late lanceolatum, ecal- losum ; laciniae apud sumniam columnam ; lacinia terminalis 3-lobata. Pseudobulbs oblong, narrowed above, 33-43 mm. long. Leaves lanceo- late, acuminate, obtuse-subacute, many-nerved, 9-17 mm. long, 18-25 mm. wide. Petiole 4-5 cm. long, grooved. Peduncle 8-9 cm. long, shorter than the leaf. Inflorescence an elongated, slender, many-flowered raceme, 5 mm. through, about 10 cm. long. Bracts 3 mm. long, obtuse, longer than the ovary. Flowers about 1 mm. apart. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate^ acute, 3-nerved, 2.5 mm. long. Upper sepal similar to the laterals. Petals oblong acute, 2 mm. long. Lip entire, Itroadly lanceolate, obtuse or sub- acute, ecallose. Column stout, 1.5 mm. long, lateral wings from near the summit, end wing 3-lobed. A single unnumbered specimen in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Sciences, Manila, from Distr. Zamboanga, Mindanao, E. B. Copeland, 1905 (marked type). I have not seen Acoridium bistortinn (Krzl.) Rolfe, but A. Copehnulii must be closely allied to it according to the figure in Xenia Orchidacea, pi. 299, fig. 1, 1-5, although the inflorescence is very different. Vol. XIX pp. 155-158 November 12, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW PLANTS FROM THE GREAT BASIN. BY AVEN NELSON AND P. B. KENNEDY. A desert flora is always interesting to the student. The Imrd conditions that prevail, produce variation or elimination. The unusual ecological factors give rise to a surprisingly large num- ber of forms that seem to have characters which are both fixed and distinct. Prof. P. B. Kennedy, of the University of Nevada, Reno, is favoral)ly located for studying just such a flora. The Great Basin has interested others and much is known of its vegetation, but that vast area will long remain a fruitful field of inquiry. Mr. Kennedy is accumulating data and specimens which will add much to our knowledge concerning it. He is kindly permitting the undersigned to study his collections with him. The first paper on the plants of Mt. Rose appeared in the current volume of the Proceedings, p. 35. The present paper is offered as the first of a coordinate series. The results of this season's field work will be offered in subsequent papers. Sophia paradisa sp. nov. Winter annual, 1-2 dm. bigli, branched from the base; stems glandular- pubescent; leaves densely and finely stellate-pubescent, silver-gray, pin. nate, 1-3 cm. long; leaflets divided into rounded or linear lobes ; flowers light-yellow, minute, clustered at the summit of the fruiting racemes; mature capsules almost glabrous, 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, abruptly attenuate towards the base and apex; pedicels slightly longer, glandular- pubescent; seeds oblong, light-brown, less than 1 mm. long, glabrous. Allied to Sophia incisa. Found abundantly on dry, light colored adobe soil in the desert flats of Paradise Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada, April :W, 1905. P.B.Kennedy. No. 1059 (type). A considerable propor- tion of the specimens seen were stunted by a white rust, Albugo. Sphaerostigma orthocarpa sp. nov. Plant 1-3 dm. high, branched from the base, hirsute-pubescent through- out ; stems several, rather stout, purplish below ; lateral branches slender ; 31— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (155) ^^ 156 iVelson and Kcnaedy — New Plants from the Great Basin. leaves variable, from 1-15 cm. long; margins unevenly undulate-dentate; apex acute or obtuse, attenuate to a sessile base ; flowers terminating the rather long, bracted, fruiting racemes ; calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; corolla yellowish from the bud, becoming pink and purple with age; petals suborbicnlar 5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide ; capsules narrowly linear. 3-5 cm. long, attenuate at base, straight or slighth' curved ; seeds 1 mm, long. Allied to S. Lemmoni A. Nels. Collected on the shore of Pyramid Lake, Washoe County, Nevada, May 19, 1905, No. 1015a (type) P. B. Kennedy. Qodetia latifolia sp. nov. Whole plant sparsely pubescent; stems purplish, 1-3 dm. high, erect, slender; leaves ovate-lanceolate, arute, entire, the largest 2.5 cm. long, attenuate at the base into a petiole S mm. long ; calyx-lobes free, broadly linear-lanceolate, 8 mm. long; corolla deep purple; petals 8 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, attenuate at the base; stamens and style of nearly equal length ; capsule sparsely pubescent, 8-12 mm. long, attenuate at the apex. Nearest to G. Tenelia from which it is easily separated by the shape and texture of the leaves. Type (accession No. 55,038) collected at Sierra Valley, Sierra County, California, July, 1904, Miss Helen Hamlin. Oreocarya hispida sp. nov. Caudex about 5 cm. long, rather slender, apparently biennial ; stems several, about 1-1.5 dm. high, floriferous almost to the base; leaves oblan- ceola:e-spatulate, with long petioles dilated at the base, 2.5-5 cm. long in. eluding petiole; old leaves pubescent-hispid, sil very -gray ; new leaves pilose-hispid, greener ; inflorescence thyrsoid-glomerate ; pedicels about 3 mm. long; calyx segments 4 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, equaling the tube of the corolla, very densely hispid ; corolla cream-colored, tube 3 mm. long, lobes 3 mm. long, orbicular ; crests at base of each lobe conspicuous ; anthers almost sessile; nutlets forming an ovoid-pyramidal fruit, narrowed above, rather acute, more or less rugose or tuberculated on the back, mar- gins angular ; style elongated. Collected in Carson Valley, Ormsby County, Nevada, April 24, 1904. No. 8G5 (type). G. H. True. Cryptanthe densiflora sp. nov. Root biennial, stout ; plant hispid throughout, about 2 dm. high, branch- ing profusely from the base into numerous slender stems; stems thickly clustered with flowers above and below ; leaves few, oblong to linear, about 1-2 cm. long; fruiting calyx closed; segments linear-lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, hispid ; corolla 2 mm. long, its lobes 1 mm. long, nutlets 1 or 2, light gray, 1.5 mm. long, minutely scabrous-nniricate. Allied to C. murlculata but with smaller nutlets, very slender numerous branches, and profuse inflorescence. Collected at Verdi, Washoe County, Nevada, September 29, 1904, No. 952 (type) P. B. Kennedy. Nelson and Kennedy — New Plants from the Great Basin. 157 Cryptanthe nevadensis sp. nov. Plant about 2 dm. high, branched from the base ; leaves few, linear- lanceolate, pilose-hispid, from 1-2 cm. long, usually one at the base of each branchlet ; fruiting calyx open, segments with a strong central vein, linear, 5 mm. long, about twice the length of the nutlets, pilose, also beset with stiff bristles; these about 2 mm. long and swollen at the base; corolla white, 2 mm. long; corolla-lobes 1 mm. long with minute brown veins; nutlets 4, and all alike, ovate-acuminate, 2 mm. long, minutely-scabrous. Allied to C. (jeminala ■a.wd C. ajfinis. Type (accession No. 55,039) collected in a dry gulch at Reno, Washoe County, Nevada, June 16, 1893. F. H. Hillman. Cryptanthe Hillmanii sp. nov. Annual, 1-2 dm. high, very slender, pilose throughout ; leaves few, linear, 1-2 cm. long, calyx-segments densely pilose, about 2 mm. long, ovate-lan- ceolate ; flowers mostly in terminal clusters at the ends of the stems and branchlets ; corolla minute ; nutlets smooth, solitary, scarcely 2 mm. long. Distinct from any of the species in the section with smooth solitary nut- lets, but perhaps nearest to C. glomeriflora. Collected on a rocky hill opposite Huffakers ranch, near Reno, Washoe Countv, Nevada, May 27, 1893, F. H. Hillman. Type (accession No. 55,220) in Ry." Mt. Herb. Vol. XIX, pp. 159-172 November 12, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON SOME AMERICAN MOSQUITOES WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY HARRISON G. DYAR AND FREDERICK KNAB. The following paper is a continuation of the subject presented in this Journal (Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., xix, 133-142). Con- tinued studies and the receipt of new material have made a number of matters worthy of record. As in our previous paper, the first locality mentioned in the description of new species may be considered the type locality. Genus ANOPHELES Mkigen. Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Anopheles quadrimaculatus Saj% Keating's narr. St. Peters River, ii, 356, 1824. Anopheles guttulalus Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass., 1833. Anopheles annulimanus van der Wulp, Tijd. voor Ent., x, 127, 1867. Anopheles iralkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 199, 1901. This species is clearly not introduced from Europe, and we think should not be considered the same as the European maculipennis Meigen without rigid proof. We are unable to make the comparison, having neither adults nor larvae of the European species. Theobald's comparison of adults (Mon. Culic, i, 194, 1901), is inconclusive, especially without exact examination of larvae. We therefore provisionally eliminate the European names from the synonymy. Our species ranges throughout the eastern United States, from New Hampshire and Ontario to Florida and Texas. We have it also from Cuba. Western localities should be discredited. Occasional speci- mens have the black wing-spots indistinct or absent. We believe that such specimens were the basis of the records of the European A. bifurcaius Linn, in America and of Theobald's A. vxdkeri. Anopheles occidentalis sp. nov. Tiiorax with a broad dorsal pale lilaceous band, cut by three narrow brown stripes ; a broad lateral brown band ; pleura pale, with three brown stripes ; abdomen, legs and palpi dark brown. Wings with the scales of the veins forming four black spots as in A. qnadrimaoilalus, hut rather more rounded and contrasted. 32— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (159) 160 Dyar and Knab — Some American Mosquitoes. 118 specimens, Stanford University, California (Isabel McCracken) ; San Diego, Sissons and Thrall, California (Dyar & Caudell) ; Portland, Oregon (R. P. Carrie) ; Revelstoke, B. C. (H. G. Dyar) ; Boise, Idaho (J. M. Aid- rich) ; Lehi, Utah (\V. A. Hooker). Ti/pe.— Cat. No. 10,028, U. S. Nat. Mus. Anopheles atropos sp. nov. Deep black ; thorax obscurely lined with violaceous, especially posteiiorly. Head, abdomen and legs black, no markings on the pleurae. AVing scales outstanding, uniform, not forming spots, though a little thicker at the usual points, indicating the spottings. Allied to A. qiiadrimacalatus Say, but rather smaller, and deep black, not brown, the abdomen without traces of the lighter bandings. Seven specimens, Florida Keys (Dr. Hiram Byrd). Type.—VM. No. 10,029, U. S. Nat. Mus. Anopheles bellator sp. nov. Palpi black ; head black, a tuft of pale scales between the eyes. Thorax- gray, with four black longitudinal lines, the two nearest the middle nar- rower and stopping short of the base, the two lateral ones attaining the scutellum ; before scutellum a short median black line; pleurae dark, with two white stripes. Abdomen entirely dark. Costa of wing with six white spots, one basal, the last at extreme apex ; third vein white, with a black spot at apex and near base ; fifth vein white near base and at base of the fork, and a small white spot on upper branch ; fringe with two white spots, at lower fork of fourth vein and upper fork of fifth vein respectively. Front legs with the femora with a black spot at base, a black dash at mid- dle third and two black spots at apex ; tibiae dark above, with two black, nearly encircling, spots at apex ; first tarsal joint with a black ring near the V)ase, second and third joints black at the base, fourth and fifth entirely black. Mid legs with the femora mostly black; tibiae black, white at tip ; first tarsal joint black, white at "tip : second black at base, apical half white; third and fourth joints black, white at tip; fifth black. Hind legs with femora white, black above, with a black ring at the outer third ; tibiae black above witli two black rings toward apex ; first tarsal joint black, with a white apical ring and white at extreme base ; second, third and fourth joints black, with white apical ring; fifth joint black. Three specimens, Trinidad, B. W. I. (F. W. Urich ; A. Busck). Tupe.—Qai. No. 10,027, U. S. Nat. Mus. Near A. lutz'd Cruz, but differs in the coloration of the palpi and legs. According to Dr. Lutz, A. lutz'd was first described by Dr. Oswald Cruz in the Brazil Medico. Theobald redescribes it as a new species ; but it should be credited to Cruz. Anopheles tarsimaculata Goeldi. Anopheles tarsi-maculala Goeldi, Os. Mosq. no Para, 133, 1905. Goeldi proposed this name as a substitute for alhipc.^ Theobald, because he did not like the name. The specimens before him, from Para, Brazil, are, however, not properly referable to alblpex, which is synonymous with Dyar and Knob — Some American Mosquitoes. 161 albimdniis Wiedemann. Neither are they referable to arjrJ/ntarsisRobineau- Desvoidy, of which they are treated as a variety by Goeldi, nor to albitar- .tus Lynch-Arribfilzaoa, which is another distinct species, as Arribulzaga's figure shows. The form, which is close to albiinniius, differs in the colora- tion of the palpi, which have much more of white. Goeldi's name may therefore be used for this form. Our specimens are from Sao Paulo and Manaos, Brazil, and Trinidad, B. W. I. Genus JANTHINOSOMA Lynch-Arrib.4lzaga. Janthinosoma vanhalli Dyar & Knab. Cnlex albitarsis Neveu-Lemaire (not Theobald), Archiv. de Parasit., vi, 10, 1902. Janthinosoma vanhalli Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 134, 1906. We quote the above synonymy. C. albitarsis Theob. is an African species. Janthinosoma posticatus Wiedemann. Culex posticalus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. 1,43, 1821. Jaidhinosoma echinata Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 311, 1900. The form of Janthinosoma occurring in Mexico, Central America, Tiini- dad, Santo Domingo, Jamaica to Brazil, with the hind legs with raised scales, thorax all golden yellow scaled and the abdominal segments below banded with blue-black at base, seems to be uniform throughout its range. It is the Culex posticatus of Wiedemann and is a different species from Jan- thinosoma sayi Dyar & Knab {Culex musicus Say) of the United States. AVe have compared larvae of echinata received from Dr. Grabham with ones from Mexico collected by the junior author and find them identical. The larvae differs from sayi in the much stouter and more heavilj'-spined antennae, which are about equally long. We liave received apparently the same larvae (posticatus) from Estero, Florida (J. B. Van Duzee), but they are unbred. Janthinosoma indoctum sp. nov. . We propose this name for the larvae called " Janthinosoma scholadicus Theob." (Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc, xiv. 182, 1906.) The adults resemble closely those of/, infine Dyar & Knab, but differ in the ornamentation of the thorax. In infine the thorax is dark reddish brown with two white spots on the disk, two at the front margin, faint, and whitish scales on the scutellum; In indoctum the thorax is dull brown with yellowish and white scales forming diff"use patches. Scholasticus Theobald is a true Culex. All the indoctum are from Trinidad ; all the infine from Santo Domingo. The lo- cality " Trinidad " should be erased in our description of infine. 22 specimens, Trinidad (F. W. Urich; A. Busck.) Type.— C&i. No. 10,026, U: S. Nat. Mus. Janthinosoma insularius Dyar & Knab. Janthinosoma insularius Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix , 135 1906. The larvae of this species are those described and figured by us as " Jan- thinosoma pygmaea Theob." (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 182, 1906.) 162 Dyar and Knob — Some American Mosquitoes. Janthinosoma pygmaea Theobald. Gnthhamia pyile and tiie comb of the eighth segment, the scales of whicli are joined on a basal plate. They occurred in a hollow tree at St. Anns, Trinidad. Specimens from Trinidad identified by ]\Ir. Coquillett as " Ilaniiafiogns all.on,acii!aius Theobald " are apparently this species. Aedes philosophicus Dyar & Knab. This name (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 195, 1906) is based on larvae from IMexico and Salvador, which were identified as adults as " Ilannagogus equhnis Theobald." We refused to accept this name as we could not find the description. It exists, nevertheless (Entomologist, xxxvi, 282, 1903) ; but the circumstance proves fortunate, for the specimens were wrongly named. A. jiliiloaopliicus has toothed claws in the female adult and ob- viously belongs to Dr. Lutz's genus S(egoco7Wj)s, which we are unable to recognize as distinct from Aedes. The species has faint silvery white bands on all the abdominal segments above and thus superficially resembles Haemagogus equinns Theobald, described from Jamaica ; but that has simple claws in the female, as Theobald expressly states. Aedes affirmatus sp. nov. Shining blue, like Haemagogus sphndens Williston but the female with the fore and middle tarsal claws toothed. Head and thorax clothed with metallic blue scales, pleurae silvery w hite ; abdomen dark blue above, the first seg- ment with a white bar on each side, below with silvery white segmental bands. Legs blue-black, middle and hind femora with a silvery white spot at tip, the middle femora narrowly white lined below, the posterior ones very broadly so for the basal three-fourths. Base of first submedian cell nearer ai)ex of wing than base of second posterior cell. Four specimens, Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, and Salina Cruz, State of Oaxaca, Mexico ; Las Loras, near Puntarenas, and Rio Aranjuez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica (F. Knab). Tnjie.— Cat. No. 10,023, U. S. Nat. Mus. The larva is unknown. Aedes mediovittata Cu(jiuillett. Stegomi/iu iiicdioriilata Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxviii, (50, 1900. Gymnomeiopa mediuvillata Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1900. Aedes medloviltula Dyar i*c Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 196, 1906. Gymnomeiopa mediuvitluia. Coquillett, Tecli. ser. 11, Dept. Agr., Bureau Ent., 25, 1906. Mr. Coquillett specified this species as the type of his genus Gymnome- l(>p<(, but later he defines the genus as having simple claws in the female, and includes with mediovilktta, sexl'meala Theobald, albonotaia Coquillett and husckii Coquillett, species actually with such claws. Mediovittata, how- ever, has toothed claws, so that Gymnomeiopa will thus become a synonym of Aedes, the other associated species falling into Haemagogus. Dyar and Knab — Sovie American Mosquitoes. 165 We have described tlie very peculiar larvae of this species. Aedes podographicus sp. nov. c?. Thoracic ornamentation similar to the?. Thorax black, silvery scaled on the sides before the wings. 9 • First joint of middle tarsi white, a black spot at the middle, not black, white at the ends. This is the Central American form referred to by us as Aedts insolUa Coquillett under Mr. Coquillett's determination (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv, 20:^, 1906), but it appears from a nice bred series sent us by Mr. F. W. Urich, that insolUa (which was described from Trindad) is the female of the species of which Verrallina loternaria Coquillett is the male, the sexes being dimorphic. The species will be known as wsolita Coquillett. In podograpJdcas the sexes are monomorphic. The larvae were separated by us on the shape of the antennae; but as this character is rather indefinite, it will be better to change the table, omitting the dichotomy 40, placing podographicus Mith insoliia under 44, and separate them by the shape of the pecten of the air tube as shown in our figures 17 and 20, figure 17 representing insoliia and figure 20, j!)0(/o- grajiJiicus. Localities as given by us under Aedes insoliia ( Verralina insoliia Dyar & Knab, not Coquillett). Sonsonate, Salvador may be considered the type locality. Type.— Cat. No. 10,016, U. S. Nat. Mus. Genus HAEMAGOGUS Williston. Haemagogus Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 271, 1896. Howardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 287, 1903. Gualteria Lutz, Imprensa Medica (species No. VI), 1905? Gymnomelopa Coquillett (in part), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906. Cacomyia Coquillett, Tech. ser. 11, Dept. Agr., Bureau Ent., 16, 1906. The genus Haemagogus will have to be recognized on adult characters if at all ; the larvae do not sharply differentiate themselves from Aedes. We take this to be a group specialized off from Aedes, the tarsal claws of the female having lost the tooth. The small end joint of the palpus is retained, which differentiates the genus from Cidex. We add to the genus, as used by Theobald, Houardina and Gymnomelopa (all but the type species), which difler in ornamentation, but agree in other respects. Cacomyia was pro- posed by Coquillett for alhomacidata Theobald and equinns Theobald, on the venational characters used by Theobald to separate the species. We agree with the English author that these are not of generic value. The other characters adduced by Coquillett from specimens before him are faliaceous, for he had before him neither albomaculaius nor equinus, the specimens he had so identified being, as to the former, Aedes capricornii Lutz and Aedes ajfirmatits Dyar & Knab ; as to the latter, Aedes pMlosophicus Dyar & Knab, all with toothed claws, in contradiction of Theobald's ex- plicit statement to the contrary. We presume that the three species placed by Dr. Lutz in his genus Gualieria belong here, though we have not seen authentic specimens. G.fidvithorax is stated to have simple claws, but of 166 Dyar and Knah — Some American Mosquitoes. Ci. osivakU and G. fiuviotilis we can not detennine any positive statement in Dr. Lntz's writinjrs on this point. Moreover, tlie description of osivaldl reads so iiuu-li like our Aedes insolita Coquillett that we are in some doubt if it is not actually that species. In this case it would be removed from IlaeinaijoijMii, as insnlUn has toothed claws in the female. Key to the Species of Haemagogus. Tlinrax with narrow longitudinal white or golden lines. Two middle thoracic lines running back to scutellum ' s^V/nm/a Theobald Two middle thoracic lines running back two- thirds, followed by a single line. Lateral thoracic line broad, silvery white . ^ walkeri Theobald Lateral thoracic line narrow, or broken, sil- very. IMedian posterior tlioracic line narrow, silvery ^ fliio?io/oto Coquillett Median posterior thoracic line broad, diffusely golden or silvery, ending in a silver spot on scutellum * tuscAn Coquillett Thorax with a golden lateral line '^ aureostriata Grabham Thorax without narrow dorsal lines. Base of first suljniarginal cell nearer base of wing than the base of the second posterior cell. Thorax dorsally metallic blue or green. Abdomen without spots dorsally .... splendens Williston Abdomen with basal segmental silvery white spots regalis Dyar & Knab Tliorax dorsally black and white banded . . oswaldi Lutz Thorax dorsally golden before, dark behind fiuviatilis Lutz Thorax dorsally all golden fnlvilhorax Lutz Base of first submarginal cell nearerapexof wing than base of second posterior cell. With large setae on third and fourth ab- dominal segments; lasttwo segments with silvery white median patches alhoiiKtrulatusTheohaXd Without prominent setae ; fourth to seventh segments with white basal bands .... eguinus Theobald Haemagogus splendens Williston. We i-estore Williston's name for the species identified as the cyaneus of Fabricius by Mr. Theobald, as we think we have found a species that fits better to Fabricius' desciiption than splendens does, namely Salethoides confusus Theobald. 1. From Trinidad. 2. From Jamaica. 3. From Santo Domingo. 4. From Dominica, Martinicjue, and Guadeloupe. Dyar and Knob — Borne American Mosqinfoes. 167 Haemagogus regalis sp. nov. Proboscis long, black; head and thorax brilliant metallic blue and green ; i)leurae silvery; abdomen dark blue with silvery bands on all the segments above, broader below. Legs blue-black, the mid and hind femora white below towards base. Base of the first submarginal cell slightly nearer the base of wing than base of the second posterior cell. 22 specimens, Sonsonate, Salvador (F. Knab), San Juan, Trinidad (F. W. Urich), Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala (Schwarz & Barber), Livingstone, Guatemala (H. S.Barber). Type.— Cat No. 10,024, U. S. Nat. Mus. The larva was confused by us with that of splendens AVilliston {cyaneus Theobald, not Fabricius). The table (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 1906) should be corrected under dichotomy 43 by striking out " short abdominal hairs stellate" and for "cyaneus^' read "45." Add a new dichotomy, 45, as follows : 45. Pecten reaching over half of tube, of about 18 teeth ; second- ary abdominal hairs not stellate regalis Pecten not reaching half of tube, of about 12 teeth ; dorsal abdominal hairs stellate, long splendens Haemagogus fulvithorax Lutz. Haemagogus fuMlhorax Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, p. 4 of Key to Euculicidae, 1904. Gualierla fulvithorax Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do. Brasil, p. 13 of Cat. of species, 1904. Gualteria fulvithorax Lutz, Imprensa Medica (Sp. No. VII), 1905 ? Taeniorhynchus palliatus Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 61, 1906. Mr. Urich has discovered the larva of this elegant species and sent us several larval skins from Trinidad. The species, by the thoracic orna- mentation of the adult, is like Aedes knabi Coquillett {Culex knabi Coquil- lett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 133, 1906). That Mr. Coquillett should de- scribe the species in Taeniorhynchus while Dr. Lutz places it in Haemagogus, shows the futility of the scale characters as a means of generic separation. The larva falls in our table of Aedes under the dichotomy 43, and would go into 44 (with knabi, insolita, and podographicas) but that the secondary ab- dominal hairs are coarse and stellate. It has the air tube short, 2x1, strongly tapered on outer half, the pecten of 13 densely placed teeth, the outer ones long, blunt, followed by a long, 4-haired tuft. The larvae were taken from a hollow tree, and were forwarded to Mr. Urich by Dr. J. R. Dickson. We congratulate Mr. Urich and Dr. Dickson on this interesting discovery. Haemagogus aureostriata Grabham. Howardina aureostriata Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 171, 1906. Dr. Grabham has sent us these curious larvae. They fall in our table in Aedes, but separate at the dichotomy 18 on the length of the air tube, it being over four times as long as wide in aureostriata and three times or less in the other species. The comb scales are very peculiar, being in a long, straight row, much as in the genus Mochlostyrax. 168 Djiar and Knab — Some American Mosquitoes. Genus SABETHES Robineau-Desvoidy. Sabethes cyaneus Fabricius. Cnlfj: CAjanemi Fabricius, S3\st. Antl., 35, No. 9, 1805. Sahelhes nitidus Theobald, 9 , Mon. Culic, ii, 347, 1901. Sabethoides covfusus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 328, 1903. An examination of the def^criptions of Fabricius and "Wiedemann seems to us to clearly indicate that Fabricius had before him this Sabethid, rather than the species Ilaemagogus splendens Williston which Mr. Theo- bald has made a synonym of Fabricius' old species. The abdominal mark- ings form a lateral line as described, which is not the case in splendens, and the color of the thorax also agrees. Genus WYEOMYIA Thkorald. Wyeomyia pertinans Williston. Aedes pertinans "Williston, Trans. Ent. See, Loud., 271, 1896. Aedes pertinans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 352, 1900. Wyeomyia pertinans Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 272, 1901. Wyeomyia pertinans Giles, Gnats or ]\Iosq., 2 ed., 498, 1902. Aedes pertinans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 483, 1902. Wyeomyia pertinans Blanchard, Les Moust., 424, 1905. Wyeomyia ochrura Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 229, 1906. Wyeomyia ochrura Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., xix, 141, 1906. We quote the above synonymy for this widely distributed species, hav- ing now l)efore us cotypes oi pertinans, which Dr. Williston has very kindly ' sent us for examination. It is a true Sabethid, not a Oidex (see remarks under Culex divisor Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 222, 1906). Genus CULEX Linnaeus. Culex ocellatus Theobald. Culex ocellatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 222, 1903. Mr. Uriah has discovered the larva of this pretty species, which he had formerly bred from a pupa in Bromelia water. It falls in our table (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 207, 1906) with imitator, consolator and inimitabilis,he- ing a close ally of these species, with its extremely long air tube and gen- eral slender, colorless appearance. It ditfers from rejector in the smaller pecten with two detached teeth, wliich are as in consolator; it differs from inimilabilis in having more teeth in the pecten (it has seven while inm?7a- hilis has five) and in having a median hair tuft on the tube instead of a single hair; it differs from consolator in having a small multiple tuft on the tube beyond the middle and a subapical single hair instead of four rather long 2-haired tufts. It is nearest to imitator Theobald, so much so that we can not demonstrate any differences in the limited and somewhat defective material before us (the head hairs of imitator have not been studied). The antennae of ocellatus 'dre slender, pale, the tuft from a small notcli well be- yond the middle ; upper head tuft in fours, lower a single thick spinulated hair. Bred by Mr. Urich from Bromelia water, Sangre Grande, Trinidad. Dyar (cnd Knah — Some American Mosquitoes. 10,9 Culex azymus pp. nov. $. Palpi, proboscis and antennae black; head white Ijehind, with a patch of black, forked scales in the middle, black on the sides below% setae black. Thorax black, golden-brown scaled, uniform, without spots, setae black ; pleurae whitish, with a black V)and above bases of legs and another below wings. Abdomen black, witli narrow whitish basal segmental bands, widening laterally, venter grayish white, ^.egs black, the femora pale below, tibiae and the first two tarsal joints appearing whitish on lower side in certain lights, unhanded. Allied to Cuh'.v pleurlstrialus Theobald, l)ut lacking the thoracic spotting and any trace of the white tarsal bands. The larva is allied to pleuristriatus (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 205, 209, 1906), but the pecten of the air tube has two detached teeth, which exceed the two basal hair tufts. One S2>ecimen, bred from larvae in Bromelia water at Arima, Trinidad by ]\Ir. F. W. Urich. 7;;//)^'.— Cat. No. 10,020, U. S. Nat. Mus. Culex basilicus sj). nov. 9 . Proboscis black with a broad, dull white ring ; antennae and palpi black ; head with light golden yellow scales behind. Thorax black with brown-black scales centrally; along the sides of diskaband of lightyellow scales with a narrow square central projection into the disk ; a square patch of same color behind, and on scutellum ; pleurae whitish, marked, with black above, centrally and on the bases of the legs. Abdomen black with central basal wliite spots on the first four segments, pale terminal hairs on all the segments ; venter with short, broad white basal segmen- tary bands. Legs black, femora pale beneath, tips of femora and tibiae white, tips and bases of the tarsal joints very narrowly white. Wings with nar- row scales. The larva falls in the table with janitor and lactator (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 205, 1906), but differs in having the ring of the anal segment broad ; pecten of eight spines reaching to the middle of the air tube ; one tuft within the pecten, three beyond it, not in line, two tufts on the dorsal aspect of the tube, all the tufts 2-haired only, thick and coarse. Five specimens, bred by Mr. Urich from larvae in a tub near the kitchen at Arima, Trinidad. Type.— Cat. No. 10,021, U. S. Nat. Mus. • Culex consolator sp. nov. The larva is very close to Culex rejector Dyar & Knab, unbred (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 221, 1906), found in Bromelia water at Cordoba, Mex- ico. It differs in having the liair tufts on the tube long, the anal segment witli a lateral rosette of spines. A single male was bred by Mr. Urich from a larva in Bromelia water at Arima, Trinidad. c?. Head black, with narrow, curved whitish-gray scales beliind and black setae. Proboscis black, palpi black, very hairy, Avith white rings at 170 Dyar and Kvab — Some American Mosquitoes. tlie bases of the joints; antennae black. Thorax golden bi'own, with pale longitudinal striation, under a higher power with sparse golden scales and coarse black setae, two whitish dorsal impressed lines and an oblique one on the pleura before the wing insertion. Abdomen black with distinct white basal bands ; thorax below greenish ; legs black, femora pale below ; all the tarsi with narrow white basal rings. Type.— Cat. No. 10,019, U. S. Nat. Mus. Cuiex imitator Theobald. Culex imitator Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 175, 1903. Culex daumsaturus Dj'ar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv, 220, 1906. Culex vector Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 220, 1906. A series of isolations from Mr. Urich indicates the above synonym}'. In studying the larvae alone, we had no idea that the larvae with the swell- ing in the tube could be conspecific with those lacking it (compare our figures 52 and 53), but such seems to be the case. "We had before us but one specimen of vector and two of dauvntstunis. Mr. Urich has recently sent us four isolations which show a straight tube in two, a barely percepti- ble indication of a swelling in one and a small swelling in another, placed more basally than in our figure 52. The adults are all alike, and agree with Theobald's description of imitator and with specimens from Brazil, which have been kindly sent by Dr. Lutz. Mr. Urich got the larvae in Bromelia water at Arima and Williamsvilie, Trinidad. We are pleased to be able to restore Mr. Coquillett's determinations in at least one case (see our remarks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 220 and 221). Culex lactator Dyar & Knab. Culex lactator Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 209, 1906 (March). Culex hassardii Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 167, 1906 (May). We have examined larvae and adults sent by Dr. Grabham from Jamaica and find them conspecific with ours from JNIexico and Costa Rica. Culex bastagarius sp. nov. Very close to C. mutator, Dyar & Knab, described from Cordoba, Mexi(;o. The larvae differ slightly. In mutator the whole body is densely hairy, the upper head tuft is of three rather long hairs and two of the apical an- tennal spines are well removed from the tip (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, pi. X, fig. 42, 1906j ; in bastagarius the thorax only is hairy, the abdomen glabrous, the upper head tuft is of four hairs and very small, the four an- tennal spines are close together at apex. The adults of midator were named " Melanoconion humilis Theobald " by Mr. Coquillett. CiUex humilis Theobald (Mon. Culic, ii, 336, 1901), was described from Sao Paulo, Brazil. We have seen neither adults nor larvae from Brazil, and, though Theobald's description, as far as it goes, applies to our specimens, the occurrence of closely allied forms in Mexico and Trinidad, prevent us from accepting the name for the form before us. C. mutator and C. bastagarius are practically identical in markings (and agree with Theobald's description of humilis), but in mutator the upper Dyar anclKnah — Some American Mosquitoes. 171 branch of the fifth vein (cj*) has the scales narrowly linear and outstand- ing, while in bastagarius they are narrowly obovate, grading into those of the veins above. One male, bred from larvae in small grassy pools at Laventille, Trinidad, by Mr. F. W. Urich. Two other males are in the collection, bred by Mr. A. Busck from unisolated larvae at Arima, Trinidad. Type.— Cat No. 10,018, U. S. Nat. Mus. Culex carmodyae mollis siibsp. nov. Mr. Urich has sent us a series of isolations bred from larvae in a hollow tree at Sangre Grande, Trinidad. The larvae are so near to those of Culex carmodyae Dyar &. Knab, described from Santo Domingo (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 210, 1906), that we are unable to distinguish them. The adults, however, differ in having very narrow white bands at the bases of the tar- sal joints with a few white scales at the apices of the joints also. In both the Santo Domingan carmodyae and the Trinidad representative, mollis, the hind tibiae have a line of bluish white scales above, the legs being black, the ends of the hind tibiae light brown. In carmodyae there is no trace of white tarsal bands, the legs being black, with a scarcely lighter brownish tint at the joints ; in mollis the bands are very distinct although extremely narrow, hardly wider than the length of a scale. Six specimens, four males, two females. Tyjje.— Cat. No. 10,022, U. S. Nat. Mus. Genus MOCHLOSTYRAX Dyak & Knab. Mochlostyrax floridanus sp. nov. The larva falls in the table (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 223, 1906), with pilosus D. & K., but the body is glabrous. Head broad and squarely trans- verse, eyes bulging, a large notch at insertion of antennae; clypeus shal- lowly emarginate with two spines ; antennae long, a small notch at outer third bearing the long hair tuft ; the two longest of the apical sjiines placed before apex. Both head hairs single, small, a small third hair below, ante- antennal tuft large, multiple. Lateial abdominal hairs in twos on the third to sixth segments. Comb of the eighth segment of 12 scales in a strongly curved, single, rather irregular row. Air tube three and a half times as long as wide, roundly tapered on the posterior side, with a pair of hooks at tip ; eight long tufts on the posterior margin in a straight row, two of them within the pecten ; two small lateral tufts. Tuft behind the comb large. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed ; ventral brush mod- erate, dorsal tuft few haired. Anal gills rather long, the upper pair con- siderably shorter than the lower ones. Larvae from Estero, Florida (J. B. VanDuzee) ; no adults. Type.— Cat No. 10,025, U. S. Nat. Mus. This may be a synonym of M. jamaicensis Grabham (Can. Ent., xxxviii, 318, 1906). Dr. Grabham has kindly sent us larvae and they agree very closely with our Ji or i da mis. We consider them conspecitic. However, Dr. Grabham gives several differential points in his description, and, as whole larvae are sent us, not isolations, there is a chance that a mixture of species occurred. 172 Ihiitr (I lid h'iiah — Sonic Aineriraii iMosqultoes. Mochlostyrax jamaicensis Grabham. According to the characters given by Dr. Grabham, this species will tall in the table witli ])ilosns Dyar & Knab, ditfering in the relative length of the tube. In jdiiKiicinsis the tube is "about five times as long as broad (at base) " while in pilasus it is four times as long as broad. There are fewer comb scales in jdmaiccjisis and they are larger; the anal gills are unequal. Dr. Grabham has kindly sent us some larvae labelled " Mochloslyra.v jamaic. ensis" which differ from his diagnosis in having the body glabrous and the air tube tliree and a half times as long as wide; otherwise they agree well with his description. They are apparently identical with ouv ^f. foridanus. Still this may be a case of geographically isolated forms, and the adults may be found to possess diflerences, when known, as in the case of Cule.v caniiDdiiae and C. vidIIIs, referred to above, where the larvae are alike and the adults diti'er, but inhabit separated localities. As it stands, M.Jhridu- nua will have to be added to the Jamaican list, it being more probable that Dr. Grabham had two species before him than that he should have made any such consi)icuous errors in description as these would have to be con- sidered. Vol. XIX, pp. 173-182 December 8, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON UJ L I B F NOTES ON SOME TORTRICID GENERA WITH DE-V^ ^ SCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN SPECIES. ^"^ , ^ BY AUGUST BUSCK. The Tortricid moths, placed in European and American cata- logues under the generic names Heraimeiie Hiil>ner, (Dichro- ntmpha Guenee), and Lipoptycha Lederer, form a natural, easily distinguished group, which is at once separated from all other Tortricids (of p]urope and America at least) by having veins 6 and 7 in the hind wings remote at base and nearly parallel ; in all the other genera, l)ut two,* these two veins are either ap- proximate, connate or stalked. The group is an immediate offshoot from the more generalized genus, Laspei/resia Hiibner (Meyrick & Walsingham) f and the species can from their general habitus alone be confounded with no other genus l)ut that and Pammene Hiibner, another paral- lel offshoot from Laspei/rcsia ; some of the species of these latter genera are in general appearance very similar to the group under consideration, and others also approach it in having veins 6 and 7 in the hind wings rather distant instead of closely approxi- mate as is normal ; but by consideration of the pterogostic and oral characters combined, there is no difficulty in placing any of the species in its proper group.! The two genera Hemimene and Lipoptycha are by European authors at present separated on Lederer 's original character, * Isotrins Meyrick, which belongs to another subfamily and can not be confounded with the present group, and the West Indian and South American genus Balbis Walsing- ham ; I am not acquainted with the type of this genus, Carpocapsa assumptana Walker, except through a carefully colored figure of Walker's type specimen, but it appears to be very close to Hemimene and must be separated from it by the palpi, which are like those of Laspeyresia. t Grapholitha Heinemann, (Rebel) ; Eiiarmonia Hiibner, (Fernald). X Thus macukma Fernald, described as a Lipoptycha, clearly belongs to Laspeyresia, neur interstinctana Clemens; Professor Fernald was presumably misled by the certainly nearly parallel (still distinctly approximate) veins 6 and 7, but the curved ascending labial palpi with the short brush and short apical joint indicate its proper genus. This genus, placed under the name Enarmonia, Hubner, by Professor Fernald (in Dyar's List N. Am. Lep. p. 469, 190;?) is nut, as given in the synonomy, equal Enarmonia Meyrick, which is the genus called Epinotia by Professor Fernald (SteganojitychaStephens, Rebel). 33— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XIX, 1906. (173) 174 Busck — Notes on Some Toiiricid Genera namely, the presence or absence of the costal fold on tlie fore- wings of the males. This division seems artificial, separating as it does, closely related species as gruneriana Herrich-Schaffer, from alpinana Treitschke; satwnana Guenee, from simpliciana Haworth; kana Busck, from banana Busck, and bringing together species with less affinities as bugnionana Duponchel, with gruneriana and plumbana Scopoli. The costal fold seems to me, here as elsewhere in the present arrangement of the Tortricidae, to have been given an undue importance and does not appear to lie of generic value in the family. The character is like most other secondary- sexual char- acters in the Microlepidoptera, sporadic in its appearance and may be found developed in one species, while wanting in the most closely related species. Thus while certain genera un- doubtedly have a general tendency towards the development of the fold and others appear to have no such tendency, the char- acter is not necessarily absolute and the presence or absence of the fold is not necessarily indicative of affinity or the opposite between two species, as little as it proves relation between two genera.* The gradual modification of this character in the group undrr consideration from the broad fold, occupying nearly or fully one-half of costa in agilana and phnnbagana — through the nar- row fold of capitana Busck, hardly reaching one-fourth of the wing length— to the mere trace of a fold, as found in kana Busck, also seems but steps towards the total disappearance of the fold in correlated species. Absolutely no other character is found, separating the two genera, as they are at present defined and for the purpose of a natural grouping of the species, the two genera niiglit better l)e united, than preserved in their present definition. But by removing from Lipoptycha the species which liave other and closer affinities with Hemimene and by taking as type for * Thus I can not believe that genera like Eucosrna. Hiibner, Fernald (Epiblema, Mey- rick) ; Capua Stephens and authors, and Arrhipy Hiibner, Fernald (Cacoecin, Meyrick) represent natural groups, as they are at present delined; the diversity of the venation foinid within them, which is far greater than in the group considered in this paper, indi- cates that they iiK'lude pickings from a number of genera, which have the costal fold independently developed and which have no close atlinities otherwise. In a subsequent paper, now under way, I shall treat of other groups, which, I think, prove the correctness of this contention still plainer than the present. Busck — Notes on Some Tortricid Genera 175 Lederer's genus his first species, hvxfiiionana, both genera may be retained and a more natural division of the group result. In Ilemimene would then be placed the American species hitherto described and the following European species : plum- hana, simpliciana, saturnana, ligulana, plamhagana, agilana, incursana, petiverella, sequaiui, alpestrana, alpinana and proba- bly most of the other species, at present included in both genera except hugnionana and harpeana, which together with two American species described in this paper, would make up the genus Lipopti/rhn.* Thus arranged the two genera may be separated by the fol- lowing characters: Hem ii)te)ie. Lipoptjicha. ^ Dorsal part of fore wing below ' Dorsal part of fore wing below median vein as broad or broader median vein narrower than the than the costal part above. costal part affove. ^ Vein 10 in the fore wing rising at ^ Vein 10 on the fore wing rising least two and one-half times far- less than two and one-half times as ther from vein 9 than !» from 8. far from vein 9, as 9 from 8. ^ Termenof fore wing less oblique; '^ Termen of fore wing oblique ;an- angle with costa 60 degrees or more. gle with costa less than 60 degrees. * Apex of hind wings not protrud- * Apex of hind wings protruding ing beyond anal angle of fore wings. beyond anal angle of fore wings. * Second joint of labial palpi yel- ^ Second joint of labial palpi not low at base. yellow. The last color difference I certainly do not intend to advocate as a generic character of general value, but it holds good in all the species of the groups under consideration, with which I am ac- quainted, and I include it as another small but rather significant circumstantial evidence of the propriety of the rearrangement of the species. All of the above characters may seem trivial, but it should be considered, that the Tortricidae is a remarkably uniform and conservative family, embracing closely allied genera; nearly all characters usually available and important are more or less identically developed in the entire family and any small, con- stant differences found must therefore be depended upon and * Some of these are unknown to me except from descriptions and I should not be surprised if some of the other Alpine species shall be found to fall with harpeana and bugnionana. 176 BuscL — Notes on Some Tortricid Genera are of greater significance tlian would be the case in more dif- ferentiated families. The following characters are common to the two genera and apply to l)otli sexes: Antennae about i, simple or with very short ciliation at the tip of each joint; labial palpi moderate, reaching about the length of the head in front of the face, por- rected; second joint with large, laterally compressed triangular tuft ; terminae joint relatively long, though shorter than second joint, deflexed, parallel with and nearly obscured by the hairs of the tuft; face smooth, head round with the scales meeting on top; eyes large, salient; ocelli large, placed just above the eyes behind the base of the antennae; tongue short, spiraled; max- ilary palpi obsolete. Thorax smooth. Fore wing with termen more or less sinuate, sometimes abruptly broken below apex; 12 veins ; Ih straight, furcate at base ; a trace of Ic at the edge of the wing; 2 from about f of cell ; 3 from corner of cell; 7, 8 and 9 equidistant at base; 7 to termen; 11 equidistant from 10 and 12; upper internal vein from between 10 and 11 to between 7 and 8 (in sequana obsolete) ; inferior internal vein with upper fork obsolete, lower fork to between 4 and 5, Hind wings broader than the fore wings ; dorsal edge evenly rounded from apex to base; costal edge slightly and evenly rounded; termen sometimes slightly sinuate; S veins; 8 con- nected with cell near base by oblique, sometimes semi-obsolete crossbar; la and Ir present; 1/^ strongly furcate at base ; base of median vein hairy ; 3 and 4 connate or short-stalked ; 5 distant from and pai'allel with 4 ; (> and 7 remote at base and nearly parallel. Male genitalia with uncus rudimentary. All the species feed in the roots or shoots of Compositae. Two European species have been placed in the American list namely, cdpinana Treitschke, and plvmhana ^copoli, but their occurrence in America seems so highly improba1)le that I sus- pect the records must be based on misidentification of closely allied species and I propose to omit them until further evidence is at hand. The American species at present known may be separated by the following synoptic table : HEMIMENE. Fore wings with white dorsal spot 1. Fore wings without such spot 3. Busck — Notes on Some Totiricid Genera 17' 1. Dorsal spot with narrow dark line through middle . . 2. Dorsal spot without such line nipitinin 2. Fore wings with ocheronsocelloid patch iiimiKtiia Fore wings without such patch hriUnia 3. Fore wings dark brown without yellow patch 4. Fore wings not dark brown, or, if so, with yellow markings 5. 4. Fore wings with yellow irroration ftcdataua Fore wings without such piperana 5. Fore wings with semicircular yellow dorsal spo t . . . . sinvilnnd Fore wings without such spot 6. 6. Fore wings with black, undulating, transverse lines . . 7. Fore wings without such lines 8. 7. Apical part of fore wings purplish iihuiniiiriaiHi Apical part of fore wings not purplish IfoixmlniKi 8. Fore wings light golden yellow hlttaua Fore wings tawny rudicokina Hemimene sedatana sp. nov. Labial palpi yellow, with apex of brush and terminal joint dark fuscous. Head and thorax dark fuscous. Fore wings in male witliout fold ; termen slightly sinuate, dark brownish fuscous, irrorated with sparse, single yel- low scales ; costa obscurely ornamented with outwardly oblique, blackish brown streaks, intervened by yellowish white spots, from which very faint bluish-metallic lines run obliquely outwards and then abruptly downwards and inwards ; edging the three more prominent of these blue lines below are very thin lines of single, deep black scales ; along lower part of termen are four deep black dots. Cilia light, shining fuscous with a dirty white line through the middle. Hind wings dark brownish fuscous; underside with the strong greenish iridescence usual in this group of moths. Abdo- men dark brown ; anal tuft yellowish. Alar expanse : 14 mm. Habitat. — South Park, Colorado (Oslar). Ttipe.—Msi\e. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,130. This, I believe, is the species mistaken for phunhana Scopoli, which it greatly resembles, but from which it differs by the less profuse irroration of yellow scales and by the presence of the narrow, angulated, deep black lines, following the course of the metallic blue lines. Hemimene piperana sp. nov. Labial palpi brownish yellow, with dark brown tips. Head and thorax yellowish brown. Fore wings in male witliout costal fold; termen nearly straight; dark reddish brown with golden reflections; costa with short, obscure, outwardly oblique, blackit^h striation, with the intervals lighter than the ground color of the wing; at apical third of the costa is an out- wardly oblique, bluish, but hardly metallic, streak to termen below apex and irregular, short, transverse stieaks of the same bluish lead color is found sparingly on the apical portion of the wing ; at lower part of ter- 178 Busck — Notes on Some Tortricid Genera men are two or three blackish dots obscurely indicated. Cilia whitish mixed witii brown and fuscous. Hind wings whitish fuscous, darker toward the tip ; base of cilia still darker. Abdomen dark fuscous; legs ocherous-brown. Alar expanse : 18 mm. Jhtbitdl. — Pullman, "Washington (Piper). Tape.— Male. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,131. This obscurely marked species is nearest the foregoing and the European .'^nturiiaiM Guenee, but is at once distinguished from both by its reddish brown color and the lack of yellow irroration. Hemimene capitana sp. nov. Labial palpi yellow, with tip of tuft and apical joint light fuscous. Head and thorax light brown. Fore wings in the males with narrow costal fold, reaching one-fourth of the wing length; termen slightly sinuate; dark fuscous, sparsely irrorated with yellow ; on the middle of the dorsal edge is a conspicuous, outwardly oblique, pure white spot, contracted shortly above the edge of the wing and widening out on and above the fold. Costa with obscure, whitish streaks, emitting faint, bluish, metallic, oblique lines, which fade away after passing three or four short, longitudinal, parallel, black lines, just outside of the end of the cell. Four deep black dots on lower part of termen and a few short, transverse, irregular, black lines in the apical part of the wing. Cilia light fuscous, with a central dirty white line. Hind wings light brown. Abdomen fuscous, and brush yellowish. Alar expanse : 13 mm. HahlUtt.— South Park, Colorado (Oslar). 7)//«'.— Male. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,132. Nearest to the European pdlverelUi Linne but rather larger and differ- ing in the form and color of the dorsal patch. Hemimene britana sp. nov. Labial palpi yellow, tipped with dark fuscous. Head and thorax dark purplish brown. Fore wrings in male with narrow costal fold occupying hardly one-third of the wing length ; termen distinctly indented below apex; dark purplish brown, in the apical part strongly irrorated with yel- low ; on the middle of the dorsal edge is a large, outwardly oblique, trian- gular, yellowish white spot, reaching up into the cell; through the middle of the spot is a thin, more or less broken, dark line. Costa with narrow, oblique, deep-black striation, edged by yellow scales and intervened by broad, blue metallic lines, which run in broken course through the stroug yellow irroration to tornus. Along termen are four deep black dots. Cilia light shining fuscous, with the darker base followed by a whitish line, which breaks through the base at the dentation of termen and emphasizes this by the color effect. Hind wings bronzy fuscous. Cilia whitish, with a very dark base and an ill-defined dark line before the tip. Abdomen puri)lish. Alar expanse: 15-1(5 mm. Ildliitat. — Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar). 7^;/y,,.._Male. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,133. B'usck — Notes on Some Toriricid Genera 179 Tliis species was labeled alpbuina Treitschke, in the Museum collection and is the species recorded as such in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. xxiii, p. 929, but is quite distinct from that species ; the European species is smaller, has a darker yellow and differently formed dorsal spot and is strongly suffused with yellow on the entire wing, while hntaita is merely irrorated with yellow on the apical half. Hemimene incanana Clemens. Halonota incanana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phil., p. 351,1860. Dichrommpha incauana Fernald, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Phil., p. 54, 1882. Ifcmimene incanana Fernald, Dyar, List X. Am. Lep., No. 5288, 1903. Palpi white. Head dark gray. Foie wings dark brown, varied with whitish along the inner margin towards the base, with an oblique dorsal wliite patch, terminating in the ocelloid patch, with a slender, irregular, dark brown line on its middle, and one or two spots on the dorsal edge of the wing. The costa is streaked with white, slightly silvery; beyond the middle of the wing are one or two purplish hued lines, one of which around the ocelloid patch, where it becomes somewhat diffuse. The ocelloid patch is ocherous, with three black streaks and is nearly in the middle of the apical portion of the wing, with a white spot adjoining and beneath it. Hinder border with three or four terminal black spots above the internal angle. Hindwings dark fuscous, grayish towards the base. (Clemens.) I am unacquainted with this species in nature, but it must be quite close to the foregoing species, hriiana, from which, however, the descri])tion dif- fers in several particulars. Hahiiat. — Pennsylvania? (Fernald.) Hemimene simulana Clemens. Haluniitu Hinudana, Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phil., p. 351, 1860. Halonata simulana, Packard, Guide Stud. Ins., p. 337, 1869. Dichrommpha aurisignana, Zeller, Verb. K. K. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, Vol. XXV, p. 319, 1875. Dichrorampha simulana, Fernald, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Phil., p. 24, 1882. Hemimene simulana, Fernald, Dyar, List N. Am. Lep., No. 5289, 1903. Palpi dull ocherous, fuscous at the tip. Head brownish ocherous. Fore wings [in males with costal fold reaching beyond basal third] brown with a slight brassy hue, with an ocherous dorsal blotch, plain in the male and striated with brownish in the female. Costa streaked with ocherous and with two slightly violet-hued streaks from the costa, one running beneath the tip and the other to a fiiint ocelloid patch, behind whicli, on the hinder margin, are three black spots. Tiie apical portion of the wing is varied with ocherous. Hind wings fuscous, white on the costa. (Clemens.) Habitat. — Baltimore, Md.; Easton, Pa. (Clemens). In U. S. Nat. Mus. are specimens from Anglesea, N. J. (Kearfott) ; Jean- ette. Pa. (Klages), and District of Columbia (Busck). Allied to alpinana Treitschke, but differing in the form of the dorsal spot. Hemimene bittana sp. nov. Labial palpi yellow, with tip of brush and terminal joint dark fuscous. Face and head fuscous. Thorax light yellowish brown. Fore wings in 180 Busck — Notes on Some Tortricid Genera male with cogtal fold, reaching one-third of the wing length ; termen slightly sinuate ; hasal third of wing light greenish brown, apical two-thirds golden yellow ; the darker basal patch is produced in the middle of the wing like an arrow jioint and is not very sharply limited ; at basal third are two short, outwardly oblique, silvery lines from the costal edge; from the middle of costa runs a longer, oblique, silvery line, which bends down- wards abruptly and forms the basal edge of a not very conspicuous ocelloid patch, which contains two or three short black dashes and is terminated by a short, perpendicular, silvery line ; from apical third of costal edge to a color-indentation l)C'low ajiex is yet another silvery streak. The bases of the ajjical veins are indicated by thin, deep black, longitudinal lines and along the entire terminal edge is a row of seven or eight deep black dots. Cilia whitish, with i)ase and tip light fuscous. Hind wings purplish fuscous with golden tips; cilia wliitisii, with dark base. Abdomen dark-purplish fuscous, with iightei' anal tuft. Legs ocherous ; tarsi faintly annulated with black. Alar expanse : lo mm. //rr/vVrf/. — Pittsburg, Pa. (Engel). T!ij><:—Mii\e. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. ]0,1?.4. This brilliant species comes between sinniliniit Clemens, and nuliroldiia Walsiiigham, in ornamentation, but is at once distinguished from both by the golden yellow wings. Named in honor of" Bitten." Hemimene radicolana Walsiiigham. Dii'lifniuiiiqilid r!niiit'al part of the wing. Both wings on the undersitle light fuscous, with strong greenish-metallic reflections and with all the edge-markings of the upper- side plainly indicated, even the terminal black dots. Abdomen dark fus- cous above, silvery below. Legs silvery, barred and annulated with black. Alar expanse : 10 mm. //a?«7o^.—Plummer's Island, Md. (in the Potomac River above Washing- ton City) (Busck). 182 Bi(srk — yotc's 0)1 So)n(' Tortrlcid Genera Ti/p,'.—Mn\e. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,1 :".('). A i^triking, oddly ornamented gpecief, very distinct from all other de- scTil)ed species. The type was taken at liiiht on an evening in .Inne, when Dr. \Vm Dietz and the writer spent the night on the island in pursuit of Microlepkhjpfini. LIPOPTYCHA. Fore wings dusted with yellow scales ; in males with costal fold htna, sp. nov. Fore wings not thus dusted; in males without costal fold . haiiann, sp. nov. Lipoptycha kana sp. nov. Labial palpi, head and thorax dark fusc^ous. Fore wings in male with a short and narrow costal fold with an expansible hairtuft, not reaching one- fifth of wing length ; termen with slight sinuation below apex ; color uni- formly dark shining fuscous, evenly and sparsely irrorated with golden yellow scales ; at the lower end of terminal edge are three black dots. Costa without any ornamentation. Cilia whitish fuscous, with darker base and tips. Hind wings dark fuscous ; cilia lighter with dark base. Abdo- men dark fuscous with yellowish anal brush ; legs silvery fuscous; under- side of wings with faint greenish iridescence. Ahir ex[Hinse : 17-20 mm. JI(ihit(it.—K'ci!i\o, British Columbia (Dyar). Tv/«'. — Male. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,187. This is the species recorded as Hemimene plarnbana in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvii, p. 929, 1904, but has nothing to do with that species ; it closely approaches bngnionaiia Duponchel, in general hal)itus and color, but is much larger, rather darker, and with sparser yellow irroration, be- sides possessing the costal fold in the males. Lipoptycha banana sp. nov. Labial palpi, head and thorax dark greenish and bronzy fuscous. Fore- wings with no costal fold in the male, termen nearly straight; uniforndy dark, shining fuscous, with light brown and blackish scales evenly inter- mixed, but without any golden irroration ; no costal or terminal markings. Cilia whitish fuscous, with darker base and tip. Abdomen dark purplish- fuscous, and brush ocherous : legs unicolored dark fuscous. Alar expanse: 20-24 mm. Jfiihllat. —Sowih Park, Colorado (Oslar). 7'//y>r.— Male. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10,1;;r] apex."'\ The first species under this genus is L. lanatum (H. B. K.) Nees, based on Paspalum lanatum H. B. K. 1815. Gen. PI. et Sp. 1 : 94. t. 29. " Crescit in regno Mexicano prope Venta del Cameron et Alto del Peregrino." Roemer & Schultes (1817. Syst. Veg. 2 : 322) transfer this species to Milium, in wliich disposition of it they are followed by Kunth (1829. Rev. 186 Chase — Notes on Genera of Paniceae. I. Gram. 497), and Trinius (1834. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 8-' : 121). Bentham (18S1. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19 : 39) transfers it to Anthttenautin stating: " From these [N. Am. Anthaennntia'] I can not separate genericall}' the South American Leplocorypltiuia Nees, which be- sides some slight specific characters onlj' differs from the North American species in the second glume l)eing constantly, instead of occasionally only, empty." Hems- ley (ISS-'i. Biol. Cent. km. Bot. 3 : 483) follows IBentham ; Fournier (1881. Mex. PI. 2: 13) upholds Lfptnrori/pJtiuni. Dcxcriptinn. — Spikelets in narrow panicles, lanceolate; first glume obsolete ; second glume and sterile lemma 3 and 5 nerved, the internerves, which are not broad and infolded (or plaited) as in AuUiaemnUla, each with a row of long coarse hairs arising from tubercles (the tubercles sometimes obscure), the second glume shorter than the sterile lemma which equals the fruit and ■which is empty; fertile lemma slightly cartilaginous- indurated, minutely papillose (the papillae finer than in any of the other genera), chestnut with a white, delicately hyaline, summit, lacerate and often sparingly ciliate, a narrow hyaline margin, extending down the sides to about the middle; on the back near the base is a small impressed area thin and white ; palea with summit and margin.s like those of the lemma, not enclosed above, the 2 nerves obscurely visible ; grain oblong-elliptic, in section plano-convex. As shown by the fruit this seems to be, as Nees considered it, most nearly allied to Valotn. [Trichadme Nees) from which he separated it chiefly on the absence of the first glume. The inflorescence is like that of Anthnr- navtld, which it resembles also in lacking the first glume, but differs from in lacking the neuter palea or staminate flower and in the convex, not boat-shaped, lemma with a broad hyaline summit. It differs from both Valoi'i and AvlhiifiKiutin in the fruit open at maturity. {\ large number of specimens were examined and none in or past bloom were found closed-.) Since this species fits so poorly in any other genus it seems wisest to main- tain the one Nees established for it. Nees' single other species of Lfpto- cory})liinn) we have not seen. Gknus VALOTA Adans. 1763. F.\m. Pl. 2 : 49o. Gramen. Avenae. Sloan, t. 14. f. 2. Couronne de la gainedesfeuilles : Membrane mediocre. Fleurs : Panicule etag^e. Calice : Ovoide, sans aretes, a 3 bales velues. Corolle: Sans aretes. The reference to Sloane serves to identify the genus, which the very in- sufficient description would not do, and fixes its identity with Andropugon inmlare L. Andropogon insulare L. 1759. Pugill. Jam. 30; and Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1763. 2 : 1480. In the Pugillus no citation is given ; in the Species Plantarum Chase — Notes on Genera of Paniceae. I. 187 the previous publication liy Linnaeus is cited, and also Brown Jam. :^(i5, and Sloane, 1 : 43. t. 14. f. 2. " Hab. in Jamaica." Brown (1. c.) after bis polynomial cites Sloane t. 14. Sloane's figure (1. c.) is an excellent representation of tlie upper portion of the plant, a leaf and overmature panicle. Panicmn lanatum Rottb. 1776. Descr. PI. 3. Based on Avdrnpagmi hixu- lare L.; the same reference to Sloane is also given. Here follows the first adequate description of the species, even the fruit being described : " Corol- la; valcx 2 lanceolataj, concavfe, acutissimse, membranacese." Milium viUosum Sw. 1788. Prod. 24. Based on Aiidropogon insulnre L. Beauvois 1812. Agros. 150, in the index refers Andropogon, iimidori!^ to Monuchne, but this species is not mentioned under that genus on p. 49. Paiiicum leucophoenm H. B. K. 1815. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1 : 97. Based on Andropogon insulure L. This species and P. adscendens H. B. K., which is Syntherisma sanguinalis or a close ally, are placed together under " 3) Spicis verticillatis, fasciculatis aut paniculatis (Digitarife plurimfe)." Funicum insulare Meyer. 1818. Pjiin. Fl. Esseq. 60. Based on Andmpogon insulare L. The " valves of the corolla " are given as coriaceous with mem- branaceous margins. Acicarpn Raddi. 1823. Agros. Bras. 31. with one species A. saccharijiora Raddi 1. c. t. 1. f. 4. This is given on the authority of Nees. We have not seen the original publication. Trichachne Nees. 1829. Agros. Bras. 85. (a 6pi^ capillus et S-x^V glnnui.) Calyx bivalvis, subbifiorus, gluma inferiore minuta. Flosculus inferior univalvis vel bivalvis hirsutus, neuter; superior hermaphroditus, valvulis membranaceis mucronatis Caryopsis fiosculi valvulis membranaceis vestita * * * Infiorescentia : racemi elongati, simplices, unilaterales, verticil- latim paniculati. Spiculae geminae ternaeve, altera brevius pedicellata. * * * Flosculus hermaphroditus * * * bivalvis, glaber, mem- branaceus, valvulis lanceolatis in mucronum subulatum attenuatis ad fructum persistentibus membranaceo-chartaceis caryopsin tegentibus neque cum eadem induratis. * * * Differt a Panico praesertim gluma fiosculi hermaphroditi, * * * at minime crustaceo sen cartilagineo indurato sed semper flexili. Acicarpa Raddi 1823. Agros. Bras. 31. t. 1. f. 4. is cited as synonym and a note of explanation added that the name is expunged because of its similarity to Acicarpha Juss. [1803]. Nees' first species is Trichachne insu- laris (L.) Nees, based on Andropogon insulare L. Five other species are included, T. saccharijiora (Raddi) Nees, and four new species from Brazil, T. recalva, tenuis, vehdina, and frrrv given, the last two of which Nees says he saw in the Royal herbarium at Berlin. Grisebach (1864. Fl. P,r. W. I. 557) places hmicum imulare and P. sac- charadnn Buckl. in Tricholaevn ; Stapf (1898, in Fl. Cap. 7 : 382) transfers " Pan i cum leucnphaen Sw." to Digitaria, remarking, " the structure of the spikelets is * * * as in Digitaria:' Stapf probably means P. leuco- phoeum H. B. K., which is atyponym of A. insula re L. Swartzdid not pub- lish the name given by Stapf. Millspaugh and Chase (1903, Fl. Yucatan, 188 Chxise — Notes on Genera of Paniceae. I. Field Col. Mus. Bot. 3 : 28) transfer T.insularis to Syntherismn, remarking : " That this species belongs in the genus Syntherisma rather than in Panicum is shown chiefly by the fruiting glumes which are of the form characteristic of the former, having a floral glum*.* with hyaline margins not inrolled." Description. — Spikelets in pairs, short-pediceled in 2 rows along one side of a narrow rachis, the slender racemes erect or nearly so, solitary' or fascicled along a common axis forming a narrow panicle; spikelets lanceolate, first glume minute, glabrous, the second and sterile lemma us- ually as long as the fruit or longer, 3-5 nerved, copiously clothed with long silky hairs (in one species, only, the silky hairs are not long and dense) ; fruit lanceolate, usual- ly brown, the flat, white, hyaline margins broad; grain ellipsoid, in section unequally biconvex. This genus is very closely allied to Si/ntherisma Walt. One species, Fanicuin FiUieri Hack., has the inflorescence of Vulota, but the hairs on the second glume and sterile lemma are not long and copious, and the second glume is shorter than the fertile lemma as in some SyntJierismas. But considering the diverse aspect of the two genera as a whole it seems wisest to regard them as distinct. The following species are transferred to this genus : Valota insularis (L.) Androporjon iitanlure L. 1859. Pugill. Jam. 30. Valota saccharatum (Buckl.) Panicum lachnanthum Torr. 1850. Pac. Rail. Rep. 7 ^ : 21, not Hochst. 1855. Panicum saccharatum Buckl. 1866. Prel. Rep. Geol. & Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 2. " Middle Texas." Trichachne saccharatum (Buckl.) Nash. 1903 in Small Fl. So. U. S. 83. Valota Pittieri (Hack.) Panicum Pitlieri Hack. 1901. Oest. Bot. Zeitsc. 51 : 367. "Costarica: in ripa rivi Rio Tirili prope San Jose leg. Tonduz: Pittier distribuitsub nro. 6945." The species represented in American herbaria by Nealley's Texas collec- tions and passing under the name I'anicum ienerrimum Kunth, (based on Trichachne tenuis Nees) does not well agree with Nees' description. Since authentic specimens of this and Nees' other Brazilian species have not yet been seen, his species and the Texas form are left for future study ; and to avoid the possibility of making unnecessary combinations by taking up possible synonyms these species and an Australian one with stramineous fruits are not here transferred to this genus. Genus SYNTHERISMA Walt. 1788. Fl. Carol. 76. Digitaria Haller 1768. Stirp. Helv. 2 : 244 not Adans. 1763, nor Heist. 1759, though Haller gives Heister and Adanson as authors of his Digitaria; but his description, though he evidently makes an effort to harmonize it Chase — Notes on Genera of Paniceae. I. 189 with those of Heister and Adanson by emphasizing the " excavations " of the rachis, applies not to Tripsacum but to the grasses so long known as Digiiaria, and his pre-Linnaean references lead to P. sanguinale L. Antiquum nomen, & characteristicuni, reddo plantis nostris, quae adeo vehementer a Linn.enms Panicis abludunt, ut nullo modo eo referripossint. Receptaculum Tritici, alternis scrobibus excavatum. Ad eas aerobes appli- cantur flosculi petiolati. Calyx biglumis, lineatus, altera gluma parva, mucronata, altera majori faciei floris respondente, lineata: ita mucronata, compressa, ovato lanceolata uniflora, locusta oritur. Flos durus, nitens, siccus, convexus inde, hinc complanatus, & linea quasi divisus, non tamen penetrante. Nonquam satis potui distinguere divipionem in duas glumas. In cavea certe undique clausa semen sedet, compressum, planum. Under his first species, to which Haller, who evidently opposed such an innovation as a binomial system, applies a polynomial, " Linn. p. 84 " is cited, with Linnaeus' description of P. mnguinale used as a polynomial, the name .wnp'unm/f being omitted. The reference is to the 1762 edition of Species Phxntarum. For discussion of Dlgitaria Heister see Hitclicock, Bot. Gaz. 38 : 298, and Nash, Bui. Torr. Bot. Club 25 : 289. Pnnicum sariguinalt L. 1753. Sp. PI. 57. " Spicis aggregatis, basi interiore nodosis, flosculis geminis muticis, vaginis foliorum punctatis. * * * Habitat in America, P^urope australi." The specimen under this name in the Linnaean herbarium is the tradi- tional P. snrigidnale fide Prof. A. S. Hitchcock who has seen it. The first reference after the description is to Royen Fl. Leyden 55, wliere, after the polynomial quoted by Linnaeus, Sloan. Hist. 1 : 113, t. 70, f. 3 is cited. The second reference is to Gron. Virg. 154 [error for 134]. Gronovius refers to Clayton n. 457. Linnaeus' reference (Sp. PI. 57) to Sloane 1 : 113 t. 70 f. 2 is evidently an error. The polynomial and figure cited in Royen applies to P. savguiniUe. Syntherisma Walt. 1788. Fl. Carol. 76. Cal. 1-florus, 2-valvis: valvulis planis, acutis interiore minore recta, exteriore lateribus corollam subamplexante. Cor. 2-valvis : valvulis mag- nitudine et figura valvulae majori calycis simillimis. * * * Semen unicum, calyce corollaque persistentibus vestitum. The first species is 6'. prsco.r Walt. "No specimen in [Walter's] her- barium. There is not much doubt but this refers to Paninim savguivalr L. [Digilarin suriguinalis), as stated by Elliott and Michaux." Hitchcock, Six- teenth Ann. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 44. Michaux (1803. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 45) includes Syntherisma praecox Walt, as synonym under Digitarin sanguivalh Scop. This group has been held to be a genus or reduced to a section of Payii- cum according, seemingly, to the weight given its form of inflorescence. Nees, while noting the less indurated and "always pliable" lemma of TricJiaclme, does not seem to have noted that the same is true of the group he placed as section DIgita viae of Pairicum, nor that the differences from Panicum which he points out for TricJtachne do not separate that genus from his section Digltarlae. The form of inflorescence does not clearly distinguish this genus from Panicum, since the species known as Panicum Perrolteli 190 Chase — Notes on Genera of Paniceae. I. Kunth {Paspalum Perrotteti Hook f.) and its close allies have sparingly branched racemes more or less naked at the base forming a panicle not greatly unlike that of Panicum proUffrnin and yet are true Syutherismas as shown by the npikelets and especially by the cartilaginous-papillose lemma with flat, hyaline margins. Hooker f. (1896 Fl. Br. Ind. 7 : 10) places these and other species of Section Digitaria in Paspalum, saying " As above defined, Paspalum int-ludesthe Digitaria section of Panicum, which appears to me to be artificially placed in the latter genus, because of the occasional presence of a very minute scale-like glume at the base of what is the ord gl. of Panicum (that opposite the flg.). This minute glume which is present or absent even in the same species, is nerveless and never embraces that above it, as the lowest glume always does* in Panicum proper." The first glume is not only present or absent in the same species in Si/idherlsina, but sometimes in the same specimens, asinthoseof P. Perro<. " Hab. in Mexico." Paspalumf velutinum Kth. 1829. Rev. Gram. 1 : 27. Represented by Pringle 66^3 and 9565. Syntherisma Perrotteti (Kth.) Funicum Perrotteti Kth. 1829. Rev. Gram. 2 : 395. t. 3. " Crescit in Sene- gal ia, prope Walo." Syntherisma stenotaphroides (Nees) Fanicum (§ Digitaria) stevotaphroides Nees 1854 in Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1 : 41. "Ins. Choin legit Cuming." This and an allied species are peculiar in having a thickened rachis, the solitary spikelets sunken in the alternate notches. Species as yet imperfectly understood are not here transferred. Genus LEPTOLOMA gen. nov. Inflorescentiapaniculata, paniculapjauciflora, maturitate diffusa; spiculae 1-florae, fusilormae, solitariae, aut raro per paria, in pediceUis tenuibus triangularibus ; gluma prima minuta aut deficiens, secunda 3-nervis ; lem- ma neutrum 5-7 nerve ; fructus ellipticus, acutus ; lemma hermapliroditum cartiltigineo-induratum, papillosum, marginibus delicatus hyalinas, planis; paleasimilis ; caryopsis oblongo-elliptica lemmate paleaque inciusa, libera. Gramina perennia, caespitosa, ramosa, culmis fragilibus, laminis planis, ligulis membranaceis. Maturitate pHniculae se dissipant et pervolvunt Panico capillar! similes. Nomen ab Xeirros delicatus et XQfia margo. Inflorescence a few-flowered panicle diffuse at maturity ; spikelets 1-flowered, fusiform, solitary or rarely in 2's on slen- der triangular jiedicels ; first glume minute or obsolete, the second 3-nerved, nearly as long as the 5-7 nerved sterile lemma, a more or less prominent stripe of appressed silky hairs down the internodes and mai'gins of each ; sterile lemma enii)ty or enclosing a minute nerveless rudimentary palae ; fruit elliptic, acute, brown ; fertile lemma cartilaginous-indu- rated papillose, with delicate hyaline flat margins, enclosing a palea of the same texture : styles long and delicate, stigmas plumose, the branches more long and slender than in Panicani, rather le.ss so than in Syntherisma; grain oblong-elliptic, in section plano-convex ; free within the closed lemma and palea . Tufted branching perennials with brittle culms, flat blades, 192 Chase — Xotes on Genera of Pankeae. I. and membranaceous ligules. At maturity tlie panicles break away and roll like tumble-\veed.«. Name from Xeirrds ddicatc and XtD^a harder in refer- ence to tlie hj'aline margins of the fertile lemma. 7)ipf.— Panicvm cognalum Schultes. Leptoloma cognata (Schultes.) J'anicam divenjms Muhl. iu Ell. ISIH. Sk. Bot. 1 : 130. not H. B. K. 1815. Specimen in Elliott herbarium in College of Charleston. Elliott gives " Muhl. Cat." without page as authority for this name ; in Muhl. Cat. 9 (1813) divergens is a nomen nudum. Paniruin divergens Muhl. 1817. Gram. 120. " Habitat in Carolina." Specimen iu the Muhlenberg herbarium in Philadelphia Academy of Nat- ural Sciences, marked " Elliott 353." In the same folio with this is a specimen of Pa ai cum Philadelphicum marked " M. 112b." PaniciDn r.ngtiatnm Schultes 1824. Mant. 2 : 2:!5. Muhlenberg's descrip- tion is copied and P. divergens Muhl. is cited as synonym, the name changed, doubtless, because of P. divergens H. B. K., though this older use of the name is not mentioned. Thus it is the second publication of P. divergens Muhl. (that in Muhl. Gram.) on which Schultes bases his P. cog- nalii.m. Hence the specimen in Muhlenberg's herbarium is the type. Panicum autumnale Bosc. Spreng. 1825. Syst. 1 : 320. This name as used by American authors is synonymous with above, but we have not seen Bosc's specimen. Sprengel (1. c.) places the description of P. autumnale next to that of P. divergens M\ih\. The 1^'ief description would apply to any Panicum with an etl'use capillary panicle. It was not known to Sprengel where the specimen came from ; " Patria?" he adds to his description, and indicates he saw the specimen in the Willdenow her- barium. The sheaths and blades of this species, especially the lower ones, are often papillose pubescent, commonly so in Western specimens, though the type is almost glal^rous. Pringle 4S9, Chihuahua, INIexico, represents an extreme form witli slightly larger spikelets, having densely silky-pubescent internerves, which would appear to be a distinct species except for the fact that the inter-grades are more numerous than the extreme form. This is the only species of this genus known in the northern hemisphere. Three or four species are found in Australia. Leptoloma divaricatissima (R. Br.) Panicum divaricaUssimum R. Br. 1810. Prod. 192. Port Jackson, 'New Holland. Leptoloma macratenium (Benth.) Panicum macratenium Benth. 1878. Fl. Australia 7 : 468. " Queensland, Rockhampton, O'Slianesif." Leptoloma coenicola (F. Muell.) J'aniciitn coenicdlant. F. Muell. 1855 in Trans. Yict. Inst. 45. Cudnaka, S. Australia, F. Mueller. Paniriun jiapjjosnni R. Br. Prod. 192, and P. nemaloslarliynm Bailey 1903 in Bot. Bui. Dept. Agr. Queensl. 1(5 : 2, of which we have not seen speci- mens, probably bek)ng here. The former is /■". autumnale F. Muell. Fragm. 8 : 19(5, not Bosc, lide Bentham Fl. Australia 7 : 469. Vol. XIX, pp. 193-198 December 31, 1906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WEST AjNIERICAN MITRID^— NORTH OF CAPE ST. LUCAS, LOWER CALIFORNIA. i BY MRS. 'SI. BURTON WILLIAMSON. As the nomenclature of our West Coast Mitras appears to be somewhat confusing, it has been thought advisable to review some of the literature upon this subject and also to give excerpts from letters written upon tlie synonomy by well known authori- ties. As indicated by the title this paper does not include Gulf species — nor are fossil forms included unless represented by recent shells. The writer desires to acknowledge her obligation to Dr. Wil- liam Healey Dall and Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the U. S. National Museum, Prof. James Cosmo Melvill, of Shrewsbury, England, Mr. Edgar A. Smith, British Museum, Sowerby and Fulton, London, England, Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, Mr. Henry Hemphill and Fred L. Button, Esq., of California, for courtesies received from them. She is especially indebted to the British Concholo- gists for original descriptions of Mitra idse, Melv., M. fidtoni E. A. S, and a very fine, typical example of M. oi-ientalis Gtslj ^M. maura Swains. Family MITRID^. Mitra episcopalis Lam, the type of this Mitriform family, ranks high among showy shells but the West Coast representatives are noted for their somber aspect. Of the relationship of this family, Dr. William Healey Dall says: "While I have no doubt in my own mind that Voluta, Scaphella, Turbinella, Fas- ciolaria, Mitra and the Fusidee all proceeded from one stock and could not be separated as families in the Eocene time, yet that does not exclude the recognition of the divergencies which have been brought about at the present epoch, by gradual evolution from more compact original groups.* * Trans. Wagner Free Ins. Sci., Phila., Vol. Ill, 1820, p. 92. 35— Proc. Bioi. Soc. Wash,, Vol. XIX, 1906. (193) 194 Williamson — West American Mitridse, West Coast Mitras, Nat. Size. Figs. 1 and 2. Mitra idx, young. San Pedro, California. Figs. 3 and 4. Mitra idse, adult. San Pedro, California. Epidermis partly removed. No. 4 collected by Mrs. E. A. Lawrence Fig. 5. Milra idas, adult. San Pedro, California. Epidermis wholly gone, color of shell light brown. Collected by Mr. Delos Arnold. Fig. 6. Mitra/ultoni E. A. S. Pt. Abreojos, Lower California. Collected by Mr. Henry Hemphill. Fig. 7. Mitra orieiUalis. Peru. Genus MITRA Lam. Mitra — typical — is mitriforni, thick, with spire elevated, sharp apex, aperture narrow with a notch in front; " columella obliquely plicate; lip rather thick, smooth within." The animal is described as having in gen- eral a short foot, siphon somewhat short, proboscis cylindrical, eyes on tapering tentacles, the latter close together on a long and flat head ; color white. The dentition of the group is an important factor. Williamson — West American Mitridse. 195 Mitra id« Melvill. Mitra idx Melv., Description of a New Species of Mitra, The Conchologist, Vol. ir, part 6, p. 140, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1893 ; Sowerby and Fulton's Cata- logues of Recent Mollusca. Mitra mmim Swainson vov Carpenter Report Brit. Asso. Ad. Sci. for 1856, London, 1857: Report B. A. A. S., 18G3, pub. 1864; Cooper,* Geo- graphical Cat. Moll., 1867; Tryon Man. Conch., Vol. IV, p. 121, , 1882 ; Orcutt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 336, 1885 ; Cooper, Seventh An. Report State (Calif) Min., p. 251, 1887, pub. 1888 ; Keep, West Coast Shells, p. 42, 1887;'Bowers.t Ninth An. Report State (Calif.) Min., p. 58, 1889, pub. 1890; Hemphill, Cat. N. Amer. Shells, p. 2, 1890; Yates, Bull. Santa Barbara Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 44, 1890; Williamson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XV, p. 211, 1892 ; Kelsey, The Nautilus, Vol. XII, p. 89, 1892 ; Arnold, Mem. Cal. Acad. Sciences, p. 222, 1903 ; Keep, West Am. Shells, p. 166, 1904; Arnold, The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California (P. P. No. 7, U.S. Geological Survey), p. 36, 1906 ; Williamson, Some W. American Shells,^ — Including a New Var. of Corhula luieola, etc. (Bull. S. California Acad. Sciences) p. 123, 1905. It is evident from the synonymy that the West Coast shell commonly called Mitra maura Swains, was presumed to be like the one from Peru described by Swainson (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835). When Miss Ida Shephard — Mrs. Oldroyd — (for whom the shell was named), sent the California shell as M. maura, Mr. Fulton, on comparing it with those in the British Museuip from Peru, detected the difference and invited Prof. James Cosmo Melvill, M. A., F. L. S., who had described something like 40 species of Mitras, to describe it. The specimen was from Point Loma, California, length, 2.25 in., diam. .75 inch. In his description Prof Melvill says: "This interesting species belongs to a section of the genus which has its headquarters on the western shores of North America and Mexico, of which Mitra le))s (Wood) may be taken as the type, all the species possessing a black or dark-brown epidermis, and being more or less decussate or puncto-striate, and it is not unlike the recently described 31. fultoni (E. A. Smith) from the same locality. Differ- entiation, however, seems easy between them." (Des. of a New Species of Mitra by James Cosmo Melvill, M. A., F. L. S.) Specimens of Mitras from San Pedro and San Diego, that were locally known as M. maura, were submitted to Professor Melvill by the writer, and he unhesitatingly pronounced the larger ones the same as the type specimen, in his possession, of M. idae. Young specimens of M. idse are lighter brown in color and smooth, although occasionally one is found which shows the lirse.J Of the shells submitted ? he wrote that they dif- * In Cat. W. N. Amer. and Foreign Shells, with Geog. Ranges and Labels, etc., by J. G. Cooper (State Min. Bu. Spr. 1894), Mitra maura is listed as " Sowerby 's " instead of "Swainson's," evidently a misprint as Dr. Cooper cites the authority correctly elsewhere. t Mitra maura Rve. (?)" evidently a misprint. t Prof. F. W. Kelsey has kindly given the writer the following measurements of young Mitras : "The two best young specimens I have measure 7x17 mm. Ratio 2.43. The adult M. maura 21x68 mm. Ratio 3.24, and 18x58 = 3.22, while the M fultoni are in same ratio. The juv. specimens, therefore, you notice are far from same proportions as the adult, al- though having all the markings and coloring of [idx) viaura." ? See figures on page 194. 196 Williamson — West American Mitridx. fered in toto from what lie had " always called M. orientalis Gray,=J/. iiiaara Swains, from Peru and Chilian Coasts." That species called M. chilensix by L. C. Kiener is admirably figured under the latter name by Kiener Coq. A'iv., Mitra, tab. 10, figs. 28, 28o. That shell is larger and broader than the Californian shell, smoother and more shining — the spiral pitting microscopical, the shape of the mouth distinct, more eff"use, outer lip and the whorl pinched in towards the center as in the Californian species — plicfe of columella slightly more oblique."* Upon further com- parison between J/. orii'ntaJ'ix {M. iitaam),six\d M. /(?«•, Professor Mel vill says of the first named, that it corresponds " exactly with the plate in Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum III, PI. 354 (Mitra) t.40, being a more incrassate, uncouth shell than id;v and apparently smooth, uniformly black ; with a lens, slight pitting is discernable. The form of the mouth is also quite different from /V/ Grabhaniia pygmaea Iti2 Grapholitha l"') Greene, E. L. On so-called Rhus toxi- codendron xvii Revision of the genus Wislize- nia 127-132 Gnalteria l*)') ttuviatilis ItJG fulvithorax 105, 167 oswaldi 166 Gymnometopa 165 albonotata 164 busckii 164 mediovittata 164 sexlineata 164 H Habrura 13, 16 Haeniagogus 165 albomaculatus 164, 166 albonotata 166 aureostriata 166, 167 biisckii 166 capricornil 163 equinus 164, 166 tluviatilis '. 166 fulvithorax 166, 167 oswaldi 166 regalis 166, 167 sexlineata ... 166 splendens 166, 167, 168 walkeri 166 Halichoerus grypus 124 Halonata simulana 179 incanana 179 Hapalocercus 13 acutipennis 13 flaviventris 13 fulviceps 13 melacoryphus 13 paulus 13 Harperella 96 nodosa 96 Harperia 96 nodosa 96 Hay, VV. P. A bear animalcule re- named 46-47 Heleodytes brunneicapillus 19 Hemimene ...-■•■... 173, 174, 175 ulpinana 179 bittana . . ..••-... 179-lsO britana 178-179 bugnionana 182 capitana 178 incanana 179 leopardana 181 radicolana 180 pctiverella ^ 178 piperana • 177-178 I)lunibana . . 177-182 plummeriana 181-182 saturnana 178 sedatana 177 simulana 179, 180 Hemiprocne 67 comata 68 coronata *>8 escnlenta 68 longipennis 68 major 68 mystacea 68 perlonga C8 Hemiprocne wallacei 68 woodfordiaua • 6s zonaris 68, 69 Hemiprocnidae 68 Heteropygia bairdi 102 Hippocampus brunneus 32 hndsonius 83 Hirundo acuta 67 erythrogastra 21 longipennis| . 68 zonaris . . ' 67, 68, 69 Hitchcock, A. S. A synopsis of the genus Tripsacum xvi Remarks on International Code of Nomenclature xvii Holocentrus ascensionis 31 meeki 31 Horizojuis richardsoni 19 Hormidium tripterum 2 Howard, L. U. Remarks on New Or- leans nieeting of the A. A. A. S. . . xiv The Ciypsy Moth and the Brown-tail "Woth and the intro- duction of their European para- sites xvi Pol yem bryony and fixation of sex xviii Howardina 165 aureostriata 167 Howell, Arthur H The generic name Zorilla .... 46 The proper name for the east- ern skunk 45 The proper name for the striped muishond of South Africa . 46 The proper name for the white- backed skunk of Colombia .... 45 Hulsea aegida 38 caespitosa 38 larseni , 3S Hydromys 199 Hylonax 14, 16 Hymenachne 183 Hypocnerais capnitis 107 iiaevioides 107 Hystrix fasciculata 1 99 macroura 199 I lehnanthus 190 Icterus formosus Ill nelsoni 21 parisorum 21 prosthemeles Ill sclateri Ill wagleri 21 Ictonvx capensis 46 Idiotriccus 14, 16 zeledoni 14 lllana 79 cacabet 80 Iridio decoratus . . 29 elegans 30 meyeri 29 microstomus 30 Isachne 190 Isotrias 173 Janthinosoma 134,101 champerico 134 coffini 134 columbiae 135 discrucians 134 Inde.i 205 Janthinosoma echiiiata Itil floridense '^■]'> indoctum ItJl^ intiiie K'l insularis 135-136, lOl liitzii 134 musiea 103 postieatus . . IGl pygmaea ... I'H, ]6'2 sayi 101 scholasticus 101 schwarzi 13.5 texanum 13S toltecum '35 vanhalii 134, 101 varipes 134 Joblotia lunata 137 Juiieo viilcani 11- Lophortyx bensoni 18 fuivipectus 18 Loxia mexicana 43 Lutianus lineatus 77 malabaricus 7H Lutra canadensis 125 hydella dujaidini • • . . . 46 Lyon, M. \V. Local races of Bornean squirrels xvii Tlie pigmy squirrels of the Aa?(- ■iiosciunis iiielanulis group . . . .51-56 Type of the genus Atlierurus, brush-tailed iiorcupines .... 199-200 Type of the genusi'jwioiapws • 95 Lyrodernia 84 M K Kearney, T. H. The excretion of hy- groscopic salts by certain desert plants xvii Kellerman, K. F. The use. of copper in sanitation xvii Kennedy, P. B. See Kelson, A ven . — Kerivoula depressa 04-05 hardwiekii 64-65 Knab, Frederick. See Dyar, Harri- son U ... — Knovvlton, F. H. Change of name . . 95 Labrisomus lentiginosus 30 Laniisoma 15, 16 Laniocera 15, 10 Lanius excubitorides 20 Lasiurus borealis 125 cinereus 125 Laspeyresia 173 Lathria 16 Clara 120 fusco-cinerea 120 guayaquilensis 120 unirufa 120 Lawrencia 12 Legatus 12 Leiognatlius dussumieri . . 77 splendens .... 77 Leptocoryphium 183-186 lanatum 185 Leptoloma 184, 191-192 coenicola 192 cognata 192 divaricatissima 192 macratenium ... 192 Leptotila cassini 102 vinaceiventris 102 Leptotriccus 11 Lepus americanus 124 crassicaudatus 95 virginianus 124 Lesticocampa 137 leucopus 137 lunata 137 rapax 137 ulopus 137-138 vonplesseni 137 Limnomys 199 Lipaugus 14, 16 Lipoptycha 173-177, 182 banana 182 kana 182 Liza trocheli 76 Machctornis 11 Macrochires 67 Macroderma 84 gigas 68 Macropterygidae 68 Macropteryx comatus '68 longipennis ... 68 Mann, A. Note on the capture of a snake by a spider xv Marsh, M. C. Iheinoglobin estimates and blood counts in fishes in health and disease xvi JIaxon. William R. A new Botry- chium fiom Alabama . . . . 23-24 McDougal, 1). T. The delta and desert of the Rio Colorado xvi Megaderma gigas 84 Meyadennidae 84 Megarynchus caniceps 116 pitangua 116 Melacononion humilis 170 Melanerpes melanopogon 19 aropygialis 19 wagleri 107 Melopelia leucoptera 18 Melospiza gracilis • • 42 lincolnii 42 rufina 42 striata .42 Mephitis capensis 46 olida 45, 95 putida 45, 95 Merriam, C. H. Is mutation a factor in the evolution of the higher ver- tebrates? . XV Mesembriomys 97 Microlyda 47 Microtriccus 14, 16 Microtus elymocetes VI innuitus 71-72 kamschaticus 72 kadiacensis 71 oeconomus 72 operarius 71-72 pennsylvanicus 123-124 ratticeps 72 unalascensis 71 yakutatensls . . ; 71 Milium 185 velutmum 191 villosum 187 Miller, G. S. An in.stance of striking specific differentiation of mam- mals under uniform environment . xv Two new carnivores from the Malay peninsula 25-28 A new name for Rhiiiolophus mivulus Miller 41 The nomenclature of the flying- lemtirs 1 206 The Biological Society of Washington. Miller, G. S. A new genus of sac- winged bats . ■••:•••• f,-^ Seven new Malayan bats . bl-bb Twelve new genera of bats . 83-86 A bat new to the United States . 96 Mimusleuoopteras !■! Mionectesolivaceus "^ barbadeusis '^' chilensis \^]1 dolorosa \^' episcopahs i^t ^l^r". ;:::::::i93-i9o:l97 ?rtae ^^3-197 lens';;;; ^^^^]f. l!?a'"a /;.';i93;i95'. 196 Stalls : ; : . . . 193. 194. m, 197 Mitridae i^^l Mochlostyrax '.Li floridanus i-i T7> jamaicensis ' \~T, pilosus ■''r Molossdidae ^9 Molossus californicus »-^ Molothrus obscunis ^\ Monacanthus tuckeri p Mas hirsntus :'' Muscicapa eximia '■* gaimardi :^] sibilator j* stenura ]^ Muscigralla . \r. brevicanda '^ Muscisaxicola ^r Mustela putida J*-^ Mviarchus actiosus ' ° cinerascens '• magister • ^^ olivaseens •' panamensis '^ phaeocephalns ■ ii^ validus 1*' 1^ Myiodynastes |- Myiopagis . \„ gaimardi '" Myiosvmpotes J-^ flaviventris j^ Myiozetetes '^ Myotis subulatus ^-V vivesi 5? Myrmecophaga tamandua 200 Myropteryx ' pullus '^^ N Nannosciurus bancanus .... ■ -^l'^^ borneanus -]{ \% T^ melanotis t.i Zl pulcher • ^f-'^ sumatranus •^-'•*? Natalidae 2? Natalustumidirostns . ••,•„• v," °° Kelson. Aven. and Kennedy, P. B Plantae Montrosensis . . . . . A>-iu New plants from the Great Basin l^^^Jg Neodonnellia qg grandiflora ^.^ Xeotoniii rupicola ^ Niadius oo I>rinPeps °;J Noctilio albiventer "^ Noetilionidae '^ Notiomys q- Notomys o Oberholser, Harry C. An earlier name for MHospiza Uncolnii striata . . . . 4_ The specific name of the hawk owls , •:*'^-^3 Piianga erythromelas versus I'l- ranqa mexicana . . ....-.- 43 'The status of the generic uame_ _ Hemipri'Ciie Nitsch 6,-(0 bescription of a new Querque- dula 93,94 Octhornls t,\ Odocoileus borealis ^-^ Ophiocephalus melanoplerus . . • ■ ■ i.^ striatus '^ Oreocarya hispida • • \^2 Oreopyra Or}Oi calolaema in- castaneoventris in=i_iir cinereicauda ,„- ,, - leucaspis O.v-U) , pectoralis ?7 ^L Ornithion !■*• {° inerme , ■ ^ • Osgood. Wilfred H A new vole from Montague Island, Alaska . . . . il-<£ Oxyrhamphidae ' Oxyruncidae, * Oxystylis ^■^' Palmer, T. S. On the importation of theKea and Canaries ■,-^^' Ammomys and other compounds Palmer, '\Vm. A record of the Black Rat in Virginia • ^^,}} Pammone . • ■ • }^^ Panicum ^»^' :^^" adscendens ■ • l»| adustum . . ■ !«"' \l\ autuinnale ' J-- badium |^.^ coeiiicolum '^- cogiiatum '»- divaricatissimum |»- divergens j^^ insulare '|' lachnanthum |52 lanatum i^i leucophaeum \°' macrateniura :}^^ nemalostachyum 'v- papposum 1S9 iqi perroteti 1°^- i^^ philadelphicum !»- Pitti.''/' 190 proUterum ik? 188 saccharatum i»'. ^'^ sanguinale ' ' ^o\ stenotaphroides ii«"iQ,i tenerriminn i'^^^- ^™ Paradoxurus leucomystax -» robustus . • • • . • ■ iHi) Paspalum i^, bitidum '^'^ distichum \°^ drnmmondii '°'^ lanatum . . . • f^^ monostachyum . • j^l" perroteti ... • i^" schaffneri \°^ velutinum . . . . • '^^ Passerculus alandinus *-^ Index. 207 Peromyscus abietorum 122, 123 argentatus 122-123 attwateri .... • o7 eremicoides -57 laceianus ^ laceyi ?3 pectoralis 57 Peropteryx 59 canina bO Phaeoptila latirostris IS Phainopepla nitens • . 20 Fhaluris villosa 185 Philepittidae 7, 9 Phlox bryoides 37 dejecta 37 muscoides 37 Phoca vitulina 124 Phodotes . • ■*^5 tumidirostris 8r) Phonioinyia 141 homotina 141 majjiia 141 trinidadeiisis 141 Phyllonycterls bombifrons 84 Phyllostbmidae ^84 Phytotomidae 7, 9 Pliiemys 97 Piper. C. V. Exhibition uf a specimen of Lexpedcza bicolor xvii Pipilo intermedins _. 22 Pipra anthracina 117-118 bahiae I1]i berlepschii . . H' coracina 118 erythrocephala 117 leucocilla . . • 117 pipra 117 Pipridae 7, 9, 15 Piprites 15 Piranha cooperi 21 erythromelas 43 hepatica 21 mexicana 43 Pitangus 12 albovittatus 115 Pittidae . • 7, 9 Pitymys 97 Pizonyx 85 vivesi 85 Planchesia 11 Platyclinis 143, 149, 152 kingii 152 Platypsaris aglaiae 120 yucatanensis 120 Platyrhynchus ruticanda 16 Pleurothallis gelida 1 univnginata 1 Podilymbns podiceps 18 Pogoiiotriccns plnmbeiceps 14 zeledoiii 14, 16 Polioptila obscura 19 plumbea 19 Porous sylvestris 199 Presbytis fusco^murina 49 hosei 49-."iO ihomasi • . 49-50 Prescottia 2 oligantha 2 Priopis nrotaenia 77 Pristipoma hasta - . . 78 negeb 78 Pronolagnscrassicaudatns 95 ruddi 95 Psaltriparns ceeaumenorum 20 plumbens 20 P.sammomys 97 Psendonyobins • . . .11 Pseudorliombila octodentata 91 quadridentata 91 Pseudotriccus .... ■ 11 Psorophora 133 howardii 133 iracunda 133 saeva 133 virescens 133 Pteropidae 83 Pteropus baveanus 63 hypomelanus 63-64 lepidns • .... 63 niadicus 64 nicobaricus 64 Pteroptocliidae 8, 9 Ptilochloris 15, 16 Pyranga rubra 43 Pyrocephalus mexicanus 19 Pyrrhuloxia sinuata 22 Pyrrhura gaudens 103 hottinanni 103 Q Quercns hatcheri 95 montana 95 Querqnednla cyanoptera 93-91 orinomus 93-94 puna 94 versicolor 94 R Raillardella nevadensis 38 scaposa . . - 39 Ramphotrigon 16 Kathbun, Mary J. Description of a new crab from Dominica, West Indies 91-92 Descriptions of three new man- grove crabs from Costa Rica . . 99-100 A new Scyllarides from Brazil 113-114 Reimaria oligostachya . 183 Rhinolophus hipposideros ... . . 41 minutillus 41 minutus 41 Rhinopterus 85 floweri 85 Rhogeessa alleni 85 Rliyncocyclus 12, 16 assimilis 116 klagesi 115-116 sulphurescens 115 Kibes cereura 37 churchii 36 Ridgway, Robert. Some observations concerning the American families of Oligomyodian Passeres . . . .7-16 Descriptions of some new forms of Oligomyodian birds .... 115-120 Rose, J. N. Exhibition of a curious des- ert plant, C'a((7)a7i»s sp xvii . . New names for two recently described genera of plants 96 Runchomyia 137 Rupicola 15 Rnpicolidae 9 s Sabethes 136, 168 bipartipes 136-137 cvant'us 168 nitidns 137, 168 Sabethoides confusns 166,168 Saccopteryx 59 Saucerottea cvanura 105 impatiens 104-10.5 sophiae 10" 208 Tlie Biological Society of ]\'as}tiii(/toii. Sayornis 11 Scaphella •. 193 Sfanlafella inca 18 Sciurus gymnicus ril-r22 melanotis o'2 Seolecophagus eyanocephalus 21 Scomberoides tala 76 toloo-parah 76 Scotothorus furvus 118 olivaceus 118 roseiibergi 118 wallacii 118 Scyllarides aequinoctialis 113 brasiliensis 113 Seale, Alviu. Notes on the natural history of the South Pacific islands xiv See Smith, Hugh M. Serranidae "7 Sesarma biolleyi 100 miersii 100 rhizophorae 99 Setophaga picta 'il Sialiaazurea 19 Sirystes 12, 16 Sisopygis 11 Sitta nelsoni 20 Smith. Hugli M.. and Seale. Alvin Notes on a collection of lishcs from the island of .Mindanao. Philippine Archipelago, with descriptions of new genera and species 73-82 Sophia paradisa •. l-^o Sorex alascensis 71 Sphaerias blanfordi 83 SphaerocarjiM lenunoul 156 Sphaerostigma orthocarpa .... 155-156 Sphvraena obtusaia 76 Spiliman, W.J. Memleliaii characters in cattle xvii The mechanism of heredity . xvii Spilogale 45, 46 Spiza americana 43 Spizella breweri 22 pallida 22 Steganoptycha 173 Stegoconops 164 cajjricornii 163 Stegomyia medio vittata 164 Stelgidopteryx 110 aequalis 110 ridgwayi 110 salvini" 110 serripciinis 21, 110 uropygialis 110 Stenoflerma nichollsi 84 Stiles, (;. W. A plan to ensure the estab- Hshuient of type species of genera xvi Streptoprocne fiO albieincta 69 biscuitata 69 palliditrons 69 semicollaris 69 zonaris 69 Stigmatura 13 Strigatella tristis 196 Strix funerea 42-43 ulula 42, 43 Surnia caparoch 43 funera 42 Sylvia elata 14 pectoralis 13 Svntherisma 184, 188-190 adusta 191 badia I'Jl hackeli I'l perroteti '■" praecox 189 sangninalis 187 stenotaphroldes 191 velutina 191 T Taenioptera 12 Taeniarhynchus palliatus 167 Taeniotriccus 11 Tamandua 200 mexicana 200 Tamias minimus 87-89 pallidus 87 Tangavius aeneus 21 Terapon jarbna 78 Tetramicraeulophiae 2 Tetraodon patoca 79 Thayer, JohnE.. and Bangs, Outram. Breeding birtls of the Sierra de Antouez, North Central Souora . 17-22 Tltonnis. Oldfield. Note on Limnomys . 199 Thomomys fossor 3 fulvus *. 3 lachuguilla 3 orizabae 4 peregrinus 4 umbrinus 3-6 Thoopterus >>3 Thryomanes erenophilus 20 Thryorchilus browni 108-109 ridgwayi 10,s-109 Titcomb, J. \\ . Exhibiton of nest of oven bird from Argentina xiv . Principles and methods of fish culture xviii Tityra columbiana 119 costaricensis 119-120 gnseiceps 120 personata • 120 semifiisciata 119 Todirostrum cinereum 11.5 coloreum HiJ Toxostoma maculatus 19 palmeri 19 Trichachne 186, 189 ferruginea 187 insnlaris 187 saccharatum 188 sacchariflora 187 recalva __• 187 tennis 187, 188 velutina 187 Tricholaena 190 Trichys 199 Tripsacum 189 True, K. H. The cultivation ot tea in tlie United States xvi Turbinella 193 Tyranuidae 7, 8, 11, 115 Tyranniscus H Tyranuulus 14 elatus 16 semiliavus . 14, 16 Tyrannus 1- verticalis 19 vociferans 19 u L'penens vittatns 78 Urubitiugaanthracina 18 V Valuta 184, 186, 1.N7, 188, 190 insnlaris 188 pittieri 188 saccharatum 188 \'iin Ueman, H. Exhibition of apples from Oregon xiv Vanilla eggersii 1 f>haeantha ... 1 planifolia 1 Index. 209 Vaughan.T.W. Exhibition of speci- men of Orbicella cavernosa xv The work of De Vries and its im- portance in the study of evolution Verrallina insolita 165 laternaria 165 Vespertlllominutus 41 Vireo arizonae 20 pusillus 13 stephensi . . 20 Vireolanius vertiealis 110 viridiceps 109-110 Viverra mapurita 45 mapurito 45 putorius . 45, 46 semistriata 45 striata 46 Voluta- 193 Vulpes fulvus 125 w Wilcox, T. E. Note on the increase of quail and rabbits xviii Williamson. Mrs. M. Burton. West American Mitridae— north of Cape St. Lucas, Lower California . . 193-198 Wislizenia . . . 127-132 divaricata 129, 130 californica 129, 130 costellata 129, 132 fruticosa 129, 131-132 mamillata 129, 132 melilotoides 129, 130 pacalis 129, 131 palmeri 129. 131, 132 relracta 127-130, 132 scabrida 129, 131 Wyeomyia 138, 168 adelpha 140 asullepta 138 autocratica 141 bahama 138 bromeliarum 138 celaenocephala 140 chalcocephala 140 espartana 140 fratercula 139 galoa 140 glaucocephala 140 grayii 139 gfuatemala 139 melanocephala 140 minor 138-139 ochrura HL 168 pertinans 168 pseudopecten 139 sorocula '39 nlocoma 139, 140 vanduzeei 138 violescens 138 X Xenicidae 7, 9 Xenicopsis idoneus 108 temporalis 108 variegaticeps 108 z Zamelodia melanocephala 22 Zenaidura bella 44 carolinensis 18, 44 marginata 44 Zonotrichia leucophrys 22 Zorilla 40 striata 46 MBL WHOI LIBRARY