PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Biological Society of Washington

VOLUME 32
1919

WASHINGTON
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS

CHAS. W. RICHMOND, Chairman

A. WETMORE NED DEARBORN

J. H. RILEY

Press of

H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc.

Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS AND COUNCIL

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

For 1919

(ELECTED DECEMBER 14, 1918)

OFFICERS

President
H. M. SMITH

Vice-Presidents
A. D. HOPKINS VERNON BAILEY

A. S. HITCHCOCK NED HOLLISTER

Recording Secretary
MARCUS W. LYON, Jr.

Corresponding Secretary
W. L. McATEE

Treasurer
NED DEARBORN

COUNCIL

PAUL BARTSCH* F. A. LUCAS*

FREDERICK V. COVILLE* C. HART MERRIAM*

WILLIAM H. DALL* E. W. NELSON*

B. W. EVERMANN* H. C. OBERHOLSER

J. W. GIDLEY T. S. PALMER*

E. A. GOLDMAN WILLIAM PALMER

W. P. HAY* L. STEJNEGER*

L. O. HOWARD* ALEXANDER WETMORE

FRANK H. KNOWLTON* DAVID WHITE*

STANDING COMMITTEES— 1919

Committee on Communications
A. S. Hitchcock, Chairman
Alexander Wetmore L. O. Howard

R. E. Coker J. W. Gidley

Committee on Publications

Chas. W. Richmond, Chairman

W. L. McAtee Ned Dearborn J. H. Riley

♦Ex-Presidents of the Society.

(iii)

EX-PRESIDENTS

OP THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

♦Theodore N. Gill, 1881, 1882
*Charles A. White, 1883, 1884
*G. Brown Goode, 1885, 1886
William H. Dall, 1887, 1888
*Lester F. Ward, 1889, 1890
C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892
*C. V. Riley, 1893, 1894
*Geo. M. Sternberg, 1895, 1896
L. O. Howard, 1897, 1898
Frederick V. Coville, 1899, 1900
F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902
B. W. Evermann, 1903. 1904
F. H. Knowlton, 1905, 1906
L. Stejneger, 1907, 1908
T. S. Palmer, 1909, 1910
David White, 1911
E. W. Nelson, 1912, 1913
Paul Bartsch, 1914, 1915
W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917
J. N. Rose, 1918

♦Deceased.

(iv)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Officers and Committees for 1919 iii

Proceedings for 1919 ix

One New Genus and Two New Species of Anthomyiidae from
the vicinity of Washington, D. C. (Diptera), by J. R. Mal-
loch 1-4

Three New South American River-crabs, by Mary J. Rathbun ... 5-6

Mutanda Ornithologica. V, by Harry C. Oberholser 7-8

The Wisconsin Napaeozapus, by Hartley H. T. Jackson 9-10

Description of a New Race of the Western Gull, by Jonathan

Dwight, M.D 11-14

Critical Remarks on Philippine Landshells with Descriptions

of New Forms, by Paul Bartsch 15-20

Mutanda Ornithologica. VI, by Harry C. Oberholser 21-22

An Unrecognized Shrew from Warren Island, Alaska, by Hart-
ley H. T. Jackson 23-24

Five New Species of Jassoidea from Honduras (Hemiptera:

Homoptera), by Edmund H. Gibson 25-28

Description of a New Conurus from the Andaman Islands, by

Harry C. Oberholser 29-32

Lake Superior Lumbriculids, including Verrill's Lumbricus

lacustris, by Frank Smith 33-40

New Pacific Coast Plants, by Charles V. Piper 41-44

General Notes.. 45^8

The Generic Names Anoa and Bubalus, by N. Hollister, 45;
A New Name for the Wild Sheep of Northeastern China, by
N. Hollister, 46; The Family Name of the American Wood
Warblers, by Harry C. Oberholser, 46; Eumyias versus Stop-
orala, by Harry C. Oberholser, 47; Passerherbulus leconteii
(Audubon) becomes Passerherbulus caudacutus (Latham),
by Harry C. Oberholser, 47; The Proper Orthography of the
Generic Name Phoethornis Swainson, by Harry C. Ober-
holser, 48; The Status of the Subfamily Name Fuligulinae,
by Harry C. Oberholser, 48; Additions and Corrections to
"A List of Families and Subfamilies of Ichneumon-flies or
the Super Family Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera)," by
Henry L. Viereck, 48.

A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania, by Henry W. Fowler 49-74

Two New Genera and Thirteen New Species of Australian

Thysanoptera, by J. Douglas Hood 75-92

Six New Birds from Celebes and Java, by J. H. Riley 93-96

The Genera Corythaica Stal and Dolichocysta Champion

(Tingidae: Heteroptera), by Edmund H. Gibson. 97-104

Descriptions of Nine New North American Pikas, by Arthur

H. HowelL..... 105-110

A New Cheilanthes from Mexico, by William R. Maxon.. 111-112

Descriptions of Apparently New Colombian Birds, by W. E.

Clyde Todd 113-118

A New Texan Parajulus. by Ralph V. Chamberlin. 119-120

A New Genus for Tettigonia trifasciata Say. (Homoptera;

Eupterygidae), by W. L. McAtee 121-124

(v)

vi Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

A New Alsophila from Guatemala and Vera Cruz, by William

R. Maxon 125-126

Mutanda Ornithologica. VII, by Harry C. Oberholser 127-128

Summary of Notes on Winter Blooming at Washington, D. C,

by W. L. McAtee. 129-132

Two New North American Anthomyiidae (Diptera), by J. R.

Malloch _ 133-134

The Status of the Subgenus Sieberocitta Coues, by Harry C.

Oberholser .' 135-138

General Notes - 139-144

Spizella arborea the Proper Name for the Tree Sparrow, by
Harry C. Oberholser, 139; The Proper Name for Limicola
platyrhyncha (Temminck), by Harry C. Oberholser, 140;
The Taxonomic Position of the Genus Ramphalcyon, by
Harry C. Oberholser, 140; The Status of the Genus Cen-
tronyx Baird, by Harry C. Oberholser, 141; The Generic
Name of the Rook, by Harry C. Oberholser, 141 ; The "Glass-
Snake" of Formosa, by Leonhard Stejneger, 142; A New
Nyctelea Name, by Paul C. Standley, 143.

A New Rock Iguana from Porto Rico, by Thomas Barbour 145-148

A Review of Reichenbach's Genera Siptornis and Cranioleuca,
with Descriptions of New Allied Genera and a Subgenus, by
Charles B. Cory 149-160

A New Cotton Rat from Arizona, by A. Brazier Howell 161-162

An American Flounder, Limanda beanii, Referred to the Genus

Poecilopsetta, by Carl L. Hubbs 163-164

Notes on Gargaphia tiliae Walsh, the Linden Lace-bug, by

Harry B. Weiss 165-168

A New Pocket Gopher from Western Washington, by Walter

P. Taylor 169-172

The Status of Lams hyperboreus barrovianus Ridgway, by

Harry C. Oberholser... 173-176

Critical Remarks on Philippine Island Land Shells, by Paul

Bartsch - 177-184

Fitch's Thorn Leaf Aphis, by A. C. Baker 185-186

A New Salvia from Guatemala, by S. F. Blake 187-188

New Plants from Sinaloa, by S. F. Blake 189-194

General Notes...... __. 195-202

A Note on the Eye of the Black Skimmer (Rynchops nigra),
by Alexander Wetmore, 195; Some Notes on the Plumage of
the Male Florida Red-wing (Agelaius p. floridanus), by F. C.
Lincoln, 196-197; A New Name for a Dromiid Crab, by Mary
J. Rathbun, 197; Additions to "A List of Families and Sub-
families of Ichneumon-flies or the Superfamily Ichneumon-
oidea (Hymenoptera), by Henry L. Viereck, 198; A Former
Record of the Heath Hen (Tympanuchus cupido) at Wash-
ington, D. C, by B. H. Swales, 198; Pagophila eburnea versus
Pagophila alba, by Harry C. Oberholser, 199; Some Neces-
sary Changes in Crustacean Nomenclature, by Austin H.
Clark, 199; The Status of the Genus Asarcia Sharpe by Harry
C. Oberholser, 200; The Names of the Subfamilies of Scolo-
pacidae, by Harry C. Oberholser, 200; Notes on the Names
of Halobaena caerulea and Prion vittatus, by Harry C.
Oberholser, 201.

Table of Contents vii

Four New Kangaroo Rats from West-Central California, by-
Joseph Grinnell 203-206

Some New Eastern Anthomyiidac (Diptera), by J. R. Malloch.. 207-210

A New Solpugid from Panama, by Ralph V. Chamberlin 211-212

Two New Crotaline Snakes from Western Mexico, by E. R.

Dunn 213-216

The Relationships and Geographical Distribution of the Species
and Races Belonging to the Genus Rhynchocylus, by Charles
B.Cory.. 217-224

New Species of Coleoptera (Fam. Cleridae) from the Philippine
and Neighboring Regions, Collected by Prof. Charles F.
Baker, by Edward A. Chapin 225-234

Description of a Whippoorwill from Porto Rico, by Alexander
Wetmore 235-238

Mutanda Ornithologica. VIII, by Harry C. Oberholser 239-240

Two New Species of Plants from Cuba, by Paul C. Standley.... 241-242
A New Subspecies of Prunella modularis from the Pyrenees, by

Francis Harper 243-244

A New Amphipod Parasitic on a Crinoid, by Clarence R. Shoe-
maker 245-246

Two New Landshells from California, by Paul Bartsch.... 247-248

New Shells from the Northwest Coast, by William Healey
Dall 249-252

Descriptions of Proposed New Birds from Peru, Bolivia, Brazil,

and Colombia, by Frank M. Chapman 253-268

Notes on Sphenophorus (Coleoptera), by F. H. Chittenden 269-270

Recollections of the Early Days of the Biological Society, by

L.O.Howard 271-280

viii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

PLATES.

I. Facing p. 147. Bones of Cyclura portoricensis.

The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this volume
was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The Index,
title page, and minutes of meetings for 1919 (pp. i-xvi; 281-288) were
issued on March 11, 1920.

Vol. 32, pp. ix-xvi

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

PROCEEDINGS.

The Society meets from October to May, on alternate Satur-
days, at 8 p. m.

January 11, 1919— 589th Meeting.1

Lecture Hall of the Carnegie Institution.

President Hugh M. Smith presided; 26 persons present.

New members elected, George Willett, Walter M. Giffard.

The deaths of Dr. Howard E. Ames and of Dr. W. F. Foster
were announced.

President Smith announced the appointment to Standing
Committees; on the Committee on Communications, A. S.
Hitchcock, L. O. Howard, Alexander Wetmore, R. E. Coker
and J. W. Gidley. On the Committee on Publications, C. W.
Richmond, J. H. Riley, Ned Dearborn, W. L. McAtee.

Informal communications: A. S. Hitchcock, Note on the pro-
posed list of generic names of plants, to be prepared by the
Botanical Society of America; Hugh M. Smith, Note on the
unusual blossoming of spring flowers; W. L. McAtee, Note on
the early blossoming of spring flowers and the first blossoming
of autumn flowers; L. 0. Howard, Note on Prof. L. F. Ward's
publication on blossoming out of season.

Formal communications: J. B. Norton, A new and easy way
to recognize our local Asters; Lyman Carrier, Dr. John Mitchell
as an early naturalist and historian; J. W. Gidley, The signifi-
cance of the divergence of the first digit in the primitive mamma-
lian foot; A. S. Hitchcock, A peculiar species of Lasiacis.

January 25, 1919— 590th Meeting.2

Auditorium of the New National Museum.

President Hugh M. Smith presided; 29 persons present.

i Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 175, 176, March 19, 1919.
2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 176, 177, March 19, 1919.

(ix)

x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,

New members elected : Erich W. Schwartze, Myron H. Swenk,
R. C. McGregor.

Informal communications: Hugh M. Smith, Note on the right
whale, with exhibition of baleen, and note on the use of whale
meat as human food; W. L. McAtee, Notes from a publication
(1783-4) on cotton and peanut raising around Washington.

Formal communications: G. Dallas Hanna, Additions to the
avifauna of the Pribilof Islands, including species new to North
America; W. L. McAtee, An account of the poisonous sumachs,
Rhus poisoning, and remedies therefor.

February 8, 1919— 591st Meeting.1

Lecture Hall of the Cosmos Club.2

President Smith presided; 53 persons present.

New member elected : O. E. Jennings.

Amendment to By-Laws adopted: "The president shall not
be eligible for immediate reelection" to follow at the end of the
first paragraph of Article II.

Informal communications: R. W. Shufeldt, Notes on the pres-
ence of Saracenia purpurea near Glenburnie, Md., and experi-
ments affecting its structure; W. P. Hay, Note on S. purpurea
near the District of Columbia; I. N. Hoffman, Note on the nest-
ing habits of Shufeldt's Junco.

Formal communications: E. W. Nelson, Dallia pectoralis,
Alaska's most remarkable fish; Vernon Bailey, The western
skunk cabbage in its prime; M. W. Lyon, Jr., Isohemoagglu-
tinin groups of men.

February 22, 1919— 592d Meeting.3

President Smith presided; 42 persons present.

New member elected: O. P. Hopkins.

Informal communications: A. S. Hitchcock and A. D. Hop-
kins commented upon Birds of Colombia, recently published by
Frank M. Chapman.

Formal communication: Address by the retiring President,
Dr. J. N. Rose, Botanical Explorations in Ecuador.

1 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 177, 178, March 19, 1919.

2 All of the remaining meetings were held in the same place.

3Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 205, 206, April 4, 1919.

Proceedings. xi

March 8, 1919—593(1 Meeting J

Vice-President Hollister presided; 60 persons present.

Informal communications: Paul Bartsch, Note upon annual
visits of a purple finch; L. 0. Howard, Note upon the spread
of the European corn borer in Massachusetts and New York;
N. Hollister, Note upon ovipositing by an Indian python at the
National Zoological Park.

Formal communications: A symposium was held upon the
subject, "What kind of characters distinguish a species from a
subdivision of a species." The discussion was opened by Prof.
A. S. Hitchcock, who was followed for specific groups by N.
Hollister, Mammals; H. C. Oberholser, Birds; W. C. Kendall,
Fishes; A. N. Caudell, Insects; Paul Bartsch, Mollusks; and
S. F. Blake, Plants.

March 22, 1919— 594th Meeting.2

Vice-President N. Hollister presided; 33 persons present.

Formal Communications: J. W. Gidley, Notice of a large canid
from the Cumberland Cave deposits; A. C. Baker, Intermediates
in the Aphididae and their relation to alternate hosts; R. H.
True, Bernardin de Sainte Pierre as a plant ecologist.

April 5, 1919— 595th Meeting.3

President Smith presided; 55 persons present.

Informal communications: W. P. Taylor, Note upon the Olym-
pic Elk in the State of Washington; A. S. Hitchcock, Exhibit of
recent botanical works, A Monographic Study of the Hawaiian
Species of Lobelioideae, by Prof. J. F. Rock; and Rumphius's
Flora Amboinensis by Prof. E. D. Merrill; H. C. Oberholser,
Note upon ornithological activities in 1918; T. S. Palmer, Note
upon a rare New Caledonian bird, the Kagu (Rhynochetos juba-
tus); T. S. Palmer, Note upon the number of Bison in North
America; Alexander Wetmore, Notes upon the shape and size
of the pupils of the eyes of birds; N. Dearborn, Note upon the
choice of nesting place of a pair of blue birds; H. M. Smith, Ex-
hibition of drawings of the deep sea fish, Gargariscus semidatus.

Formal communications: Agnes Chase, Oil grasses and their

'Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 234-238, April 19, 1919.
^Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol 9, pp. 287, 288, May 19. 1919.
3 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 355, 356, June 19, 1919.

xii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

use in perfumery; R. M. Anderson, Recent zoological explora-
tion in the Western Arctic.

April 19, 1919— 596th Meeting.1

Vice-President Hollister presided; 43 persons present.

New member elected: H. H. Lane.

Informal communications: W. P. Taylor, Note upon the organi-
zation of the American Society of Mammalogists; T. S. Palmer,
Note upon ornithological activities in Germany during the war;
L. O. Howard, Note upon the introduction of an American wasp,
the horse guard, into Algeria; A. S. Hitchcock, Note upon the
representation of biology in the National Council of Research.

Formal communications: Walter P. Taylor, Notes upon Dr.
J. G. Cooper's scientific investigations on the Pacific Coast;
G. W. Field, Observations on the Heath Hen, with lantern slide
illustrations; Albert Mann, Woods Hole Diatoms, with lantern
slide illustrations.

May 3, 1919— 597th Meeting.2

Vice-President Bailey presided; 30 persons present.

Informal communications: Alexander Wetmore, Note on the
feeding of Purple Finches on plant galls; L. O. Howard, Note
on the expected arrival of the seventeen-year cicada; Edith R.
Keleher, William Palmer, and Alexander Wetmore gave notes
upon the chimney-building habits of the cicada nymph; R. W.
Shufeldt, Note and exhibition, a second double-headed tortoise
and double-headed snake; E. W. Nelson, Note upon a double-
headed snake.

Formal communications: Alexander Wetmore, Notes on the
Brown Pelican, as observed on Pelican Island, Florida, illus-
trated with lantern slides; Vernon Bailey, The explorations of
Maximilian, Prince of Wied, on the upper Missouri in 1833.

May 17, 1919— 598th Meeting,3

President Smith presided ; 45 persons present.

Informal communications: W. R. Maxon, Exhibition and re-
marks on a fungus of the genus Mitromyces; W. R. Maxon, Query,
Do both sexes of birds sing? Reply by H. C. Oberholser and

i Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 419, 420, August 19, 1919.
2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 418, 419, August 19, 1919.
SAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 420, August 19, 1919.

Proceedings. xiii

William Palmer; F. V. Coville, Note on a vine 1,134 feet in
length; A. S. Hitchcock and W. E. Safford, Comments upon the
foregoing; A. S. Hitchcock, Note on the forthcoming Flora of
the District of Columbia and vicinity; I. N. Hoffman, Note on
the reported observation of whooping cranes in Texas; William
Palmer, Remarks on the causes and biological effects of tidal
conditions in Chesapeake Bay; H. M. Smith, Exhibition and
note, an exceedingly small fish, Lucania ornata, from a fresh
water lake in Georgia.

Formal communications: F. V. Coville, The strange story of
the Box Huckleberry; W. E. Safford, Plants used in the arts and
industries of ancient America.

October 18, 1919— 599th Meeting.1

Vice-President Hollister presided; 36 persons present.

Informal communications: R. W. Shufeldt, Exhibition of liv-
ing specimens of young and adult Wood Tortoises (Clemmys in-
sculpta) ; William Palmer, Notes on the local occurrence of the
Wood Tortoise; Paul Bartsch, Notes on the tameness of some
Red-breasted Nuthatches in New Hampshire.

Formal communications: J. S. Gutsell, Use of selective screens
in studies of oyster larvae; T. S. Palmer, The discoverer of the
toothed birds of Kansas; Paul Bartsch, Results of Cerion breeding.

November 1, 1919— 600th Meeting.2

President Smith presided; 55 persons present.

New members elected: Federated Malay States Museums;
Ellsworth Killip.

Informal communications: H. M. Smith, An announcement of
the unveiling of a monument to Surgeon-General George Miller
Sternberg, who was President of this Society in 1895 and 1896;
T. S. Palmer, (1) Notice of the forthcoming meeting of the
American Ornithologists' Union in New York; (2) Note on the
grave of Dr. David Hosack, in Marble Cemetery, New York;
(3) Note on the marking of the grave of Rafinesque in Phila-
delphia; C. W. Stiles, (1) Note on the grave of Dr. E. A. De
Schweinitz in Winston-Salem, N. C. ; (2) Note on the occurrence
of the manatee (Trichechus manatus) near Wilmington, N. C;

lAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 656, 657, December 19, 1919.
2 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. vol. 9, pp. 657-659, December 19, 1919.

xiv Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

H. M. Smith, (1) Exhibition of a publication of the Bureau of
Fisheries, on the Freshwater Mussels and the Mussel Industry
of the United States, by R. E. Coker; (2) Note on the proposed
cruise of the U. S. Fisheries Steamer "Albatross"; (2) Note on
the finding of a bearded hair seal (Erignathus barbatus) on St.
George Island, Alaska; Rear Admiral Baird, Exhibition of a
collection of seaweeds made by Mrs. Baird under the direction
of the elder Verrill 30 years ago.

Formal communications: President Smith announced that the
present meeting was to be celebrated as the 6th centenary meet-
ing. A letter was read from Dr. F. A. Lucas, former President.
The papers presented were: Dr. L. 0. Howard, Early days of the
Society; Dr. W. H. Dall, Reminiscences; Dr. T. S. Palmer, The
Proceedings.

November 15, 1919— 601st Meeting.1

Vice-President Bailey presided; 26 persons present.

Informal communications: L. O. Howard, (1) Presented a letter
from Dr. B. W. Evermann, a former President, apropos of the
6th Centenary; (2) Announced a meeting of the Engineering
Council; R. W. Shufeldt exhibited living young of the southern
soft-shelled turtle (Amy da ferox) and gave notes upon this group
of turtles; W. H. Osgood offered notes upon the recent meeting
of the American Ornithologists' Union; Alexander Wetmore,
Notes upon the strutting attitudes of the male sage grouse,
Centrocercus urophasianus.

Formal communications: N. Hollister, Relative abundance of
water fowl in Wisconsin; Alexander Wetmore, A peculiar habit
of grebes, with exhibition of specimens; E. O. Wooton, Notes
on a short visit to Tamaulipas.

November 29, 1919— 602d Meeting.2

President H. M. Smith presided; 30 persons present.

Informal communications: R. E. Coker, exhibition of a publica-
tion of the Bureau of Fisheries, The Life History of the Blue
Crab, by E. P. Churchill; H. C. Oberholser, (1) Note on the
appearance of Vol. 1, No. 1, Journal of Mammalogy; (2) Note
on a new contribution to ornithological methods in a paper en-

1 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 26, 27, January 4, 1920.
^Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 145, 146, March 4, 1920.

Proceedings. xv

titled Bird Banding by Systematic Trapping, by S. Prentiss
Baldwin; H. M. Smith, Note on a new nesting place for swans;
T. S. Palmer, (1) Note on the present status of Osborn's Caribou;
(2) Exhibition of a copy of a new journal, Journal of the Wild
Bird Investigation Society; (3) Note on a list of the mammals
of Siam, b}^ Nils Gjddenstolpe.

Formal communications: V. Bailey, The Bean Mouse of Lewis
and Clark, Maximilian and others, illustrated by living speci-
mens of this and other small rodents of North Dakota; A. D.
Hopkins, The Bio-Climatic Law.

December 13, 1919— 603d Meeting.1
Fortieth Annual Meeting.

President H. M. Smith presided; 21 persons present.

The regular order was suspended, and Dr. T. S. Palmer pre-
sented Mr. W. L. Sclater of London, Editor of the Ibis, a Re-
corder of the Zoological Record, and a prime mover in behalf
of the "Systema Avium." Mr. Sclater addressed the Society
upon the need for an authoritative list of birds, and also upon
the difficulties encountered during the war in editing the Zoo-
logical Record.

The regular order being resumed, Annual reports of Officers
and Committees were received.

The officers elected for the year 1920 were:

President: A. D. Hopkins.

Vice-Presidents: Ned Hollister, Vernon Bailey, A. S. Hitch-
cock, J. W. Gidley.

Recording Secretary: A. A. Doolittle.

Corresponding Secretary: Alexander Wetmore.

Treasurer: Ned Dearborn.

Members of the Council: William Palmer, H. C. Oberholser,
E. A. Goldman, H. H. T. Jackson, S. A. Rohwer.

President A. D. Hopkins was nominated as one of the Vice-
Presidents of the Washington Academy of Sciences.

The appointment of the Standing Committees for the year
1920 was deferred.

lAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 146, 147, March 4, 1920.

xvi Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

ERRATA.

Page 18, line 17, for Cochlostyla sarcinosa negrosa,

read Cochlostyla sarcinosa negrosa.

Page 18, line 19, for Cochlostyla sarcinosa pandana.
read Cochlostyla sarcinosa pandana.

Page 235, line 20, for noctitherus, read noctithera.

Page 235, line 21, for vociferus vociferus.

read vocifera vocifera.

Page* 269, line 25, for 22,775, read 22,765.

Page 270, line 3, for 22,776, read 22,766.

Page 270, line 4 (from bottom), for 22,777, read 22,767.

Vol. 32, pp. 1-4 February 14, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

ONE NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF

ANTHOMYIIDAE FROM THE VICINITY OF

WASHINGTON, D. C. (DIPTERA).

BY J. R. MALLOCH.

The two insect species described in this paper were sent to
me for identification over a year ago from the collection of the
United States Bureau of Biological Survey at my request for
material to assist me in drawing up generic keys to the An-
thomyiidae of North America and the descriptions are put
forward at this time in order to pave the way for further
contributions of a synoptic nature. The types have been re-
turned to Washington.

Macateeia, gen. nov.

Generic Characters. Female. — Bead oblong in profile, distinctly longer
than high; orbits extending farther beyond eyes than height of cheek;
frontal orbits with weak bristles, all of which except the upper 3 on each
side are directed mesad; interfrontal cruciate bristles well developed; an-
tennae shorter than face; arista pubescent; vibrissal angle with numerous
hairs and 1 distinct vibrissa on each side; hairs on cheek confined to lower
margins; eyes bare, a little higher than long. Thoracic chaetotaxy as in
Hylemyia. Abdomen tapered apically; ovipositor chitinized, glossy black,
tapered apically, the extreme apex, when seen in profile, with a slightly
wedge-shaped excision. Legs rather stout, the femora noticeably so;
hind tibia with 2 very short, stout, curved, thorn-like spurs on anterior
side at apex. Wing venation as in Hylemyia.

Type of genus, Macateeia protuberans, sp. n.

Female. — Black, densely gray pruinose. Head reddish testaceous,
densely whitish gray pruinose, occiput dark gray; antennae and arista
black; proboscis fuscous; palpi testaceous yellow. Thorax, seen from be-
hind, with 3 broad indistinct gray vittae, the larger bristles with dark
brown dots at their bases. Abdomen unicolorous gray, with very faint
indications of darker dots at bases of bristles. Legs black. Wings slightly
yellowish. Calyptra white. Halteres yellow.

Length of head at base of antennae about one and one-fourth times

1— PRor. Biot.. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32. 1910 (1>

2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

that of its height posteriorly; frons in front of anterior ocellus occupying
about two-fifths the width of head, each orbit at this point over half as
wide as interfrontalia; viewed from above frons projects beyond eye half
as far as length of latter, third antennal joint rounded at apex, about
1.5 as long as second; arista but little longer than antenna; proboscis
slender, the apical portion as long as height of head. Presutural acrosti-
chals consisting of one long pair of bristles, and a series of weak, paired
hairs caudad of them; prealar bristle half as long as the one behind it;
scutellum with 4 long bristles. Fore femur with long bristles on postero-
dorsal, posterior, and postero- ventral surfaces; fore tibia with 1 posterior,
1 antero-dorsal, and 2 preapical bristles; mid femur with 1 or 2 bristles
on antero- and postero-ventral surfaces near base, and the usual series
on basal two-thirds and the preapical one on anterior surface; mid tibia
with 1 anterior, 2 postero-dorsal, and 2 posterior bristles; hind femur
with a series of long widely spaced bristles on the antero-ventral surface,
and 2 or 3 weak ones on the postero-ventral; hind tibia with 2 antero-
ventral, 3 or 4 antero-dorsal, and 3 or 4 postero-dorsal bristles; apex of
posterior surface with several long setulose hairs; the apical curved thorns
shorter than diameter of tibia. Costa with short setulae and no well-
differentiated costal thorn ; veins bare ; last section of fourth vein about one
and one-fourth as long as preceding section; outer cross- vein nearly straight.

Length, 5.5 mm.

Type locality, Suitland, Md., October 30, 1917, in flower of Gentiana
clausa (W. L. McAfee). One specimen.

Fig. 1. Macateeia protuberans sp. n., female, head ; apex of
hind tibia, anterior view ; and apex of abdomen, side view.

Malloch — Anthomyiidae from Vicinity of Washington, D. C. 3

This genus is related to Hammomyia but the much more elongate head
readily separates it from that and all other genera known to me. The
genus belongs to the subfamily Anthomyiinae, but differs from most re-
lated genera in having no anteriorly directed supraorbital bristle, and I
know of no other genus possessing the peculiar curved apical hind tibial
spurs. An additional character for the separation of the genus from
Hammomyia is found in the presence of the interfrontal cruciate bristle.

Phaonia winnemanae, sp. n.

Male. — Black, slightly shining. Frontal stripe brownish red, orbits with
white pilosity ; cheeks paler than frons ; face gray ; antennae reddish testa-
ceous, third joint except base blackish brown; arista reddish testaceous; palp
reddish, slightly darkened at apices. Thorax rather distinctly quadrivittate
when viewed from behind; humeri, lateral margins of disc posteriorly,
scutellum, and regions surrounding both spiracles testaceous. Abdomen
with dense brownish gray pruinescence and a distinct dorso-central dark
stripe. Legs yellow testaceous Wings yellowish, noticeably so at base.
Calyptra and halteres yellow.

Eyes almost nude, separated at narrowest part of frons by a distance
greater than width across posterior ocelli; orbits linear, not obliterating
the rather wide interfrontalia; arista plumose to tip, the longest hairs
very distinctly longer than width of third antennal joint; cheek at narrow-
est part slightly higher than width of third antennal joint; marginal bristles
strong, all directed downward and slightly forward. Presutural acrosti-
chals absent,. 4-6 series of weak hairs between presutural dorso-centrals ;
3 pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals present; prealar bristle nearly as
long as the one behind it; scutellum with 4 strong and 2 weak basal marginal
and 2 weak discal bristles. Fifth abdominal sternite with a large deep
V-shaped notch in posterior margin. Fore tibia with a few short setulae
on apical half of antero-dorsal surface, no posterior bristle at middle;
mid tibia with 3 or 4 posterior bristles; hind femur with a complete series
of bristles on antero-ventral surface and a few weak bristles on basal half
of postero-ventral ; hind tibia with 4 or 5 antero-ventral, 5 or 6 anterior,
2 or 3 antero-dorsal and 1 postero-dorsal bristles, and a series of small
setulae on posterior surface. Outer cross-vein straight.

Length, 7 mm.

Type locality, Plummers Island, Md. June 17, 1906 (W. L. McAtee).
One specimen.

This species resembles pulvillata Stein more closely than it does any
other North American species known to me. It differs, however, from that
species in having a series of bristles on the anterior surface of hind tibia
in addition to those on the antero-ventral and antero-dorsal surfaces, the
eyes hairy, and the frons much wider.

In some respects the species resembles apicata Johannsen and pallidula
Coquillett. From the former it is readily separated by the entirely yellow

4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

legs, more widely separated eyes, and the bristling of the hind tibiae;
and from pallidula, by the longer-haired arista, black abdomen, and brist-
ling of hind tibia.

The type specimen was labeled -proximo, Van der Wulp in Coquillett's
writing, but that species differs in having the eyes less widely separated,
palpi black, and tarsi fuscous, being much more like apicata than is the
present species. The description of proximo, lacks the details necessary to
insure its identification

Vol. 32, pp. 5-6 February 14, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THREE NEW SOUTH AMERICAN RIVER-CRABSj
BY MARY J. RATHBUN.

The National Museum has acquired in recent years through
the activities of the University of Michigan three new species
of crabs from the fresh waters of the northernmost countries
of South America.

Pseudothelphusa martensis, sp. nov.

Holotype. — Adult male, Cat. No. 53311, United States National Mu-
seum. Collected in the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, by M. A.
Carriker, 1914, and given to the National Museum by the University of
Michigan.

Measurements. — Male holotype, length of carapace on the median line
28.5 mm., width of carapace 52 mm., width between outer angles of orbits
29.3 mm., width of front above, between the eyes, 14.6 mm., width of
front below 11.7 mm.

Description. — Front of carapace between the eyes not carinated above
but bounded by a definite line roughened by low, flat tubercles. Outer
margin of merus of third maxilliped forming an angle with the anterior
margin. The species is allied to P. bouvieri,2 from Santa Fe de Bogota,
but differs as follows: Front considerably wider in proportion to width
of carapace, upper edge straighter, lower edge more deeply sinuous, and
quadrilobate instead of trilobate, all the lobes reaching downward to the
same transverse line; orbits more elongate in proportion to height; epi-
gastric lobes nearer front and emphasized by a deep, transverse thumb-
nail impression anteriorly; lateral cervical tooth larger, cervical suture
continued quite to base of tooth; merus of outer maxilliped much smaller
than in P. bouvieri, and much narrower than ischium; exognath reaches
two-thirds length of ischium; margins of male abdomen more convex;
appendages of first segment lack the large lobe on outer side in distal half.

Pseudothelphusa iturbei, sp. nov.
Holotype.— Adult male, Cat. No. 53310, United States National Mu-

i Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 518, 533 & 537, text-fig. 9; Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, pp. 274, 287, 289, pi. 13, fig. 5, text-fig. 81.

2— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. 32,1919. (5)

6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

seum. Collected in Rio Guiare, near Caracas, Venezuela, by Dr. Juan
Iturbe, August 4, 1918, and presented by him to the National Museum.

Measurements. — Male holotype, length of carapace on median line 40
mm., width of carapace 64 mm., width between outer angles of orbits
36.7, width of front above, between the eyes, 18.4 mm., width of front
below 16.3 mm.

Description. — Near P. garmani;1 the upper edge of the front, between
the eyes, carinated and tuberculated, the outer margin of merus of maxil-
liped arcuate, and the exognath reduced to a stump. Differs from P.
garmani in several particulars : In the absence of a giant tubercle on outer
face of palm just between bases of fingers; upper edge of front in dorsal view
a little arcuate or sloping backward from the median emargination, this
edge, in garmani, being almost transverse; orbit in front view higher in
outer half than in garmani; abdomen of male wider.

Potamocarcinus dunoonensis, sp. nov.

Holotype. — Adult female, Cat. No. 53312, United States National
Museum. Collected at Dunoon, Demerara River, British Guiana, by E. N.
Clarke, August 27, 1915, and given to the National Museum by the Uni-
versity of Michigan.

Measurements. — Female holotype, length of carapace on median line
47.8 mm., width of carapace 76 mm., width between outer angles of orbits
43 mm., width of front above, between the eyes, 20.1 mm., width of front
below 16.7 mm.

Description. — Carapace very convex from front to back, much less so
from side to side. Cervical suture straight. Lateral teeth or spines small,
23 behind, 8 or 9 before, the cervical suture. Upper margin of front nearly
straight, median emargination broad and shallow, lobes sloping a little
backward outwardly and rough with from 14 to 16 irregular tubercles;
surface of front very uneven, inclined downward and backward; lower
edge quadrilobate.

Maxillipeds very convex when closed, outer margins arcuate; merus
subtriangular; exognath one-third as long as outer margin of ischium.

A conical sharp spine at inner angle of wrist; lower margin of larger
propodus convex. Merus of legs roughened above with elongate tubercles;
dactyli armed with slender spines.

lProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 522, 534 and 537, text-fig. 14; Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 7, 1905, p. 298, text-fig. 91.

Vol. 32, pp. 7-8 February 14, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA.

V.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

The names of the following woodpeckers apparently must
be changed. Notes on the names of various other species will
be found in previous installments of the present series of papers.1

Family PICIDAE.
Iyngipicus pygmaeus (Vigors).

Another name must be used for the Himalayan woodpecker commonly
known as Iyngipicus -pygmaeus, since its original combination, Picus
pygmaeus Vigors2 is preoccupied by Picus pygmaeus Lichtenstein,3 which
is now known as Picumnus pygmaeus Lichtenstein. The determination
of the proper name now to be used for this species involves some compli-
cation. The earliest subsequent designation is Dendrocopus moluccensis
Hodgson,4 but this is a nomen nudum where first proposed. The Picus
moluccensis of Gray,5 if not a mere misidentification of Picus moluccensis
Gmelin,6 is of course preoccupied by the latter, which is the same as
Iyngipicus auritus (Eyton). The Picus zizuki of Gray, 1846,7 is a mis-
identification of the Nepal bird with Picus kizuki Temminck,8 and is not
the same as Picus zizuki Gray, 1845,9 which is Picus kizuki Temminck
(—Yungipicus kizuki [Temminck]) wrongly spelled.

The earliest tenable name of this woodpecker, therefore, seems to be

■ For the four previous articles, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, March 31, 1917, pp.
75-76; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ,
XXXI, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49; and Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXI, November 29, 1918,
pp. 125-126.

2Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831 (April 6, 1831), p. 44 (Himalaya Mountains).

3Verz Doubl., 1823, pp. 11, 12, note (Brazil).

«Gray's Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 85.

sGenera Birds, I, 1845, p. 435.

eSyst. Nat., I, i, 1788, p. 439 (Molucca Islands).

7Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal Pres. Hodgson, 1846, p. 116 (Nepal).

8Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col. d'Ois., IV, livr. 99, 1836, pi. 585 and text.

9Genera Birds, II, 1845, p. 435.

3— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32. 1991. (7)

8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Picas mitchellii Malherbe;1 and since the original spelling of the generic
name Iyngipicus is Yungipicus,2 the species at present under considera-
tion should stand as Yungipicus mitchellii (Malherbe).

Iyngipicus auritus (Eyton).
An earlier name for Tripsurus auritus Eyton,3 now known as Iyngipicus
auritus, is found in Picus moluccensis Gmelin,4 heretofore rejected evi-
dently because of its erroneous locality. Since, as already noted under
the previous species, the generic name Iyngipicus should be written Yungi-
picus, the present bird should be known as Yungipicus moluccensis
(Gmelin); and we designate Malacca as the type locality.

Dendropicos minutus (Temminck).
The Picus minutus of Temminck5 is rendered untenable by Picus minutus
Latham,6 which is a synonym of Picumnus spilogaster Sundevall. As
there is no other name available for this species, we propose to call it
Dendropicos elachus nobis.

Campethera punctata (Valenciennes).
The name Campethera punctata, used for an African woodpecker, is
untenable, because its basis, the Picus punctatus of Valenciennes,7 is in-
validated by Picus punctatus Vieillot,8 now regarded as a synonym of
Thripias namaquus (Lichtenstein). The next available name is Picus
punctuligerus Wagler,9 and the species will, therefore, now stand as Cam-
pethera punctuligera (Wagler).

Gecinus striolatus (Blyth).
The Picus striolatus of Blyth,10 now employed for an Indian woodpecker
in the combination Gecinus striolatus, must be retired on account of the
earlier Picus striolatus Lesson,11 which is identical with Veniliornis passeri-
nus (Linnaeus). Since the Brachylophus xanthopygaeus of Hodgson12 is
a nomen nudum, the earliest tenable name for the species becomes Gecinus
xanthopygius Bonaparte.13 Dr. Ernst Hartert14 has already called attention
to the fact that the Linnaean generic name Picus has for its type Picus
viridis Linnaeus, and therefore displaces Gecinus Boie. The proper name
for the species under present consideration will, therefore, become Picus
xanthopygius (Bonaparte).

iRev. et Mag. Zool., 1849, p. 530 (Nepal).
2Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, II, No. 8, May, 1854, p. 123.

3Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, XVI, 1845, p. 229 (Malacca, Malay Peninsula).
4Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, p. 439 (Molucca Islands).

5Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col. d'Ois., IV, livr. 33, April, 1823, pi. 197, fig. 2 and text (Sene-
gal).

6lndex Ornith., I, 1790, p. 243 (Cayenne).

7Dict. Sci. Nat., XL, 1826, p. 171 (Senegal).

8Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXVI, 1818, p. 89 (Africa).

9Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus sp. 36 [p. 27] (Senegambia) .

lOJourn. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, XII, part 2, 1843, p. 1000 (Himalayas and central India).

iiTraite d'Ornith., I, 1831, p. 226 (Cayenne).

i2Gray's Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 85 (Nepal).

i3Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 127 (Java).

i4V6gel Palaarkt. Fauna, Heft VII (Band II, Heft I), February, 1912, p. 889.

Vol. 32, pp. 9-10 February 14, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE WISCONSIN NAPAEOZAPUS.
BY HARTLEY H. T. JACKSON.

During the summer of 1917, while conducting field work in
Wisconsin for the U. S. Biological Survey, which is cooperating
with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey in
a study of the life-zones and terrestrial vertebrates of that
State, the writer collected specimens of the genus Napaeozapus
at three different localities. These were the first members of
this genus to be found in Wisconsin. The geographic range
of the genus was extended still farther to the southwest last
summer (1918), when I trapped one on the west side of the Black
River, 2 miles west of Withee, Wisconsin.

A critical examination of these specimens is hardly necessary
to show that they represent a clearly defined and unrecognized
form. It may be identified by the following description:

Napaeozapus insignis frutectanus,1 subsp. nov.

Type specimen. — Adult d, skin and skull, No. 227,349, U. S. National
Museum, Biological Survey Collection; from Crescent Lake, Oneida
County, Wisconsin; collected September 6, 1917, by Hartley H. T. Jack-
son. Original number 896.

Geographic range. — Known only from northern Wisconsin.

General characters. — Smaller than Napaeozapus insignis abietorum, with
shorter hind foot ; about the size of Napaeozapus insignis insignis; different
from both in color. Compared with either N. i. insignis or N . i. abietorum
the dorsal area (stripe) is more sharply defined (intermixed with more
blackish-hairs) ; color of sides duller and paler, though showing more
distinctly the scantily intermixed coarse blackish hairs; border of ears
appearing distinctly more whitish, narrowly edged with between pinkish
buff and pale pinkish buff (as compared to cinnamon in insignis and
abietorum); nose and face more blackish; white portion of terminus of tail
averaging shorter.

'Latin, an inhabitant of shrubbery or bushy places.

4— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (9)

10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Color. — Broad dorsal stripe extending from snout to base of tail clay
color1 much mixed with blackish, decidely darker than sides and remainder
of upper parts which are clay color scantily mixed with coarse blackish
hairs ; ventral parts from chin to base of tail creamy white ; ears essentially
like dorsal stripe, narrowly edged with between pinkish buff and pale
pinkish buff; tail distinctly bicolor nearly to tip, between olive-brown
and chaetura drab above, whitish below, the terminal twenty millimeters
whitish both above and below.

Skull. — About the size and proportions of that of Napaeozapus insignis
abietorum (as represented by specimens from Quebec); molar row longer
and heavier than in Napaeozapus insignis insignis and interorbital region
much more constricted (as in abietorum) ; postpalatal notch shallower than in
either N. i. insignis or N. i. abietorum, the anterior border about opposite the
middle or posterior half of last molar (in both insignis and abietorum the
anterior border of this is about opposite, or anterior to, anterior edge of
this tooth) ; palatal shelf greater in antero-posterior diameter than in either
insignis or abietorum.

Measurements. — Type-specimen (adult male): Total length, 235; tail
vertebrae, 145; hind foot, 31. Skull: Type-specimen (adult male; teeth
slightly worn): Condylobasal length, 21.1; zygomatic breadth, 11.9; mas-
toidal breadth, 10.7; interorbital constriction, 4.5; posterior border of in-
cisors to anterior edge of mesopterygoid space, 9.1 ; anterior edge of mesop-
terygoid space to foramen magnum, 7.8; molar tooth row, 3.9.

Remarks. — The Wisconsin representative of Napaeozapus is more clearly
defined in external characters from true i?isignis than either N. i. abietorum
or N. i. roanensis. Its pale dull colors, more clearly enunciated dorsal
stripe, and pale edges of the ears separate it at a glance from all other known
subspecies. The specimens were trapped in the same habitat with Zap-as
hudsonius hudsonius, usually grassy brushland or second growth (pre-
dominantly alder or paper birch, sometimes mixed timber of arbor vitae,
maple, aspen, and birch) along creeks. The type-specimen was trapped
in a grassy paper-birch thicket near the bank of Crescent Creek.

Specimens examined. — Seven from the following localities in Wisconsin:
Crescent Lake, Oneida County, 1; Kelley Lake, Oconto County, 2; Lake-
wood, 3; Withee, JL.

iRidgway, R., Color standards and color nomenclature, 1912.

Vol. 32, pp. 11-14 February 14, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RACE OF THE WESTERN

GULL

BY JONATHAN DWIGHT, M. D.

The breeding range of the Western Gull is singularly long
and narrow, extending north and south some 1,500 miles along
the Pacific Coast, but it is scarcely wider than the rocky islands
lying off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, California and Lower
California which the birds frequent. It is therefore not at all
surprising that it is separable into two races, the southern one
having a darker mantle with less gray on the primaries. Audu-
bon described Larus occidentalis in 1839 from two specimens
sent him by his friend, Dr. J. K. Townsend, one an adult
male, the other an immature bird at least a year old, both taken
at Cape Disappointment, mouth of the Columbia River, Wash-
ington. October 7th and 6th respectively, 1836. The type was
once in the U. S. National Museum collection, No. 2767, so
I am informed by Dr. Chas. W. Richmond, but it can not be
found there to-day; hence Audubon's description must deter-
mine which of the two races he had in hand. It is perfectly
evident that he did not have the dark southern race, for al-
though his description is faulty in some respects it fits fairly
well the birds that breed to-day on the islands off the coasts of
Washington and Oregon. Therefore it is the southern race
with the dark mantle that requires a new name.

Larus occidentalis livens, subsp. nov.

Type, d adult, No. 3378, L. C. Sanford collection, San Jose Island,
Lower California, April 26, 1912. Collected by W. W. Brown, Jr. Wing,
420 mm.; tail, 165; tarsus, 70; middle toe without claw, 62; culmen, 55;
depth of bill at base, 21; at angle, 22.

5— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. ( 11)

12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to Larus occidentalis occidentalis, but
mantle a darker plumbeous or deep neutral instead of plain neutral gray
and usually four outer primaries, instead of two, black basally without
gray areas.

Description. — Pure white except mantle and wings. Head, neck, lower
parts, tail, its coverts, lining (except for cinereous primary coverts) and
edge of wing, tips of primaries, secondaries and tertiaries and a mirror on
first primary white ; mantle including whole outer surface of wing and
primary coverts dark plumbeous to neutral gray ; four outer primaries
black, the fifth showing gray wedges on both webs nearly to tip, with the
black reduced to a subterminal band on sixth, and the gray paler, remain-
ing primaries gray with broad white tips. Bill (in life) lemon yellow with
a red spot on lower mandible between angle and tip. Tarsi and feet (in
life) lemon yellow. Iris, hazel-brown.

Measurements (in millimeters). — Male (10 adults): wing, 402-445 (416);
tail, 154-167 (162); tarsus, 67-72 (69); middle toe without claw, 58-62
(60); exposed culmen, 52-59 (55); depth of bill at base, 18-22 (20); at
angle, 20-23 (21).

Female (8 adults): wing, 380-395 (389); tail, 147-153 (150); tarsus,
61-65 (63); toe, 52-58 (55); culmen, 46-53 (50); depth at base, 16-18
(17); at angle, 18-20 (19).

Remarks. — While upwards of fifty specimens of the two races have been
examined, so many of them are either young, not fully adult, in moult,
unsexed or evidently wrongly sexed by inaccurate collectors that not more
than two-thirds of this material is wholly satisfactory. With a larger
series from southern localities, livens may prove to be a somewhat larger
race, although specimens of typical occidentalis from Oregon are quite
as large as the few birds examined from Lower California.

The race livens is found breeding on both coasts of Lower California,
the Santa Barbara Islands and north to the Farallon Islands. Specimens
from the Farallones are fairly typical while, on the other hand, a bird
taken on July 20 at Trinidad, California, is the pale-mantled occidentalis,
like those from still farther north.

There are reasons for suspecting that Audubon's specimens of occi-
dentalis were Herring Gulls, possibly vegoz, but it would be difficult to prove
this. His characters of bill, color of mantle and iris and pattern of prima-
ries fit livens, although the larger size and flesh-colored feet suggest vegce.
Both forms of occidentalis have yellow feet (the tarsus of the type of livens
is recorded by the collector as "lemon yellow") but the color of feet in the
gulls has caused endless trouble and it is unsafe to draw conclusions from
dried specimens as to what the color was in life. It seems to me the
discrepancies in Audubon's description do not justify the discarding of his
name occidentalis for the Western Gull. Apparently Schlegel (Mus.
Pays-Bas, VI, 1863, p. 15) was the first writer to correctly describe the
species as having yellow feet.

In the natal down, juvenal, first winter and first nuptial stages of plumages

Din'ght — A New Race of the Western Gull. 13

the two races are hardly to be distinguished although occasionally at the first
prenuptial moult a few tell-tale gray feathers may appear in the mantle.
At the first postnuptial moult, the wholly brownish-black primaries of
the first winter are reassumed as well as much of the brown, mottled
plumage of the body and wing surfaces, but there are usually more or
less gray feathers of the mantle which are diagnostic of the race to which
the specimen belongs, and the tail as a rule has more white in it ; the
black bill of the first winter has now become partly pale basally and the
whole bird is noticeably whiter in the second winter plumage. At the
second prenuptial moult much of the white plumage of the head, neck
and lower parts is assumed and more gray creeps into the mantle, so that
some specimens resemble adults except for the wings and tail. There is
no evidence that any birds at the first postnuptial moult acquire the jet
black primaries with white tips and a white sub-terminal spot or mirror
on the distal primary, but nearly all individuals seem to acquire them at
the second postnuptial. Therefore birds in their third winter may be con-
sidered as fully adult although some of them may show evidences of im-
maturity by primaries with small or imperfect mirrors and by tail-
feathers touched with black. The size and shape of the mirror on the distal
varies greatly in adults and sometimes a small spot develops on the next.

Vol. 32, pp. 15-20 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

CRITICAL REMARKS ON PHILIPPINE LANDSHELLS
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.

BY PAUL BARTSCH.i

The present paper embraces descriptions of new forms of
Philippine Island landshells and a discussion of involved
nomenclatorial problems concerning some of the names be-
stowed upon species long ago. The facts presented were
brought out in the examination of material sent to the United
States National Museum for determination, chiefly by Mr.
Walter F. Webb, of Rochester, N. Y., whose indefatigable
efforts in the Philippine field are rapidly increasing our knowl-
edge of the mollusk fauna of that region. Other forms were
transmitted by Mr. Gilbert S. Perez, Industrial Supervisor, at
Lucena, in Tayabas, Luzon, while still others are the product
of the late Colonel Edgar A. Mearns' collecting in the Philippine
Islands, and one new form was the gift of Mr. Wm. H. Weeks,
of Brooklyn, N. Y.

The types of all the new material are in the United States
National Museum, as well as additional representative speci-
mens. These were donated by the gentlemen above mentioned.

Hemiglypta webbi, new species.

Shell dark horn colored, broadly conic, very thin, with strongly cari-
nated periphery. Upper surface of the whorls moderately rounded. The
first half turn marked by strong wavy axial wrinkles, which is succeeded
by a half turn that is finely wrinkled; from there on, the axial sculpture
consists of fine retractively slanting, wavy threads, which are separated
by spaces about as wide as the threads. The spiral sculpture consists of
fine incised fines which break the axial threads into a series of slender
elongated tubercles having their long axis parallel with the axial threads,
i Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
6— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (15)

16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Suture feebly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl strongly carinated.
Base evenly, gently rounded with a decided umbilical depression and a
slender perforation which is about one-third as wide as the umbilical
callus. Aperture oval, decidely angulated at the periphery ; lip but slightly
thickened; columella strongly reflected at its insertion where it forms a
narrow callus; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus.

The type and two specimens of this species, Cat. No. 219,038, U. S. N. M.,
donated by Mr. Webb, come from La Union, Davao, Mindanao. The
type has 5.9 whorls and measures: altitude, 21.2 mm.; greater diameter,
35.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 31.6 mm. Another specimen, Cat. No. 256,242,
U. S. N. M., was collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns at Sulug on the east shore
of the Gulf of Davao, Mindanao.

Trochomorpha repanda pagbilaoensis, new subspecies.

Shell resembling Trochomorpha repanda repanda M Ollendorff in colo-
ration but less shiny and decidely smaller and a trifle more elevated. The
upper surface of the whorls is marked by closely and regularly spaced,
finely incised, wavy spiral lines in the present subspecies, while in Trocho-
morpha repanda repanda M Ollendorff, the incised spiral markings are
confined to the upper surface of the early whorls and they are extremely
feeble. The under surface of the present subspecies is marked by numerous
well incised spiral lines which are much stronger than those that mark
the under surface of Trochomorpha repanda repanda M Ollendorff. In the
strength of the spiral markings of the under surface, the present subspecies
appears to stand about half way between Trochomorpha repanda repanda
M Ollendorff and Trochomorpha repanda Candida M Ollendorff.

The type and another specimen of the present form, Cat. No. 310,053,
U. S. N. M., were collected by Mr. Gilbert Perez, on the Greater Pagbilao
Island, off the west coast of Tayabas, Central Luzon. The type has 5.5
whorls and measures: altitude, 4.5 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm.;
lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. Trochomorpha repanda repanda M Ollendorff was
described from Montalban, Luzon, while Trochomorpha repanda Candida
comes from Marinduque Island.

Cochlostyla fulgetrum tayasana, new subspecies.

In 1840 Broderip defined Bulinus fulgetrum on page 119 of the Proceed-
ings of the Zoological Society of London. Here he describes varieties a to
k. Of these varieties, a, b, e, f and h are listed from the Island of Negros,
c, d and g from the Island of Guimaras and i and k from the Island of
Panay. Cochlostyla fulgetrum fulgetrum in the restricted sense has been
fixed upon the shells of Negros and other designations have been applied
to those from Guimaras and Panay.

The Isaac Lea collection in the U. S. National Museum contains four
specimens, two adult and two immature, which are cotypes gathered by
Cuming on the Island of Negros. These agree perfectly in outline and
coloration with the specimens from Cabancalan on the west side of the
north coast and others from Escalante on the east side of the north coast

Bartsch — Critical Remarks on Philippine Landshells. 17

of Negros. We may therefore assume the north shore of Negros to be the
home of Cochlostyla fulgetrum, fulgetrum Broderip.

The present sending from Tayasan, which lies on the middle of the
east coast of Negros, presents shells which are much more slender, there-
fore taller than the typical Cochlostyla fulgetrum fulgetrum,. The ground
color, also, is olive green, while in Cochlostyla fulgetrum. fulgetrum it tends
to yellow. Occasional specimens of both races have a pale reddish brown
ground color. A brown peripheral band may be present or absent in both.
It is not surprising that the specimens of the north and east coast should
be different for the two regions are separated by high mountains. It is
without hesitancy, therefore, that the name Cochlostyla fulgetrum tayasana
is now applied to the race from Tayasan, which will probably be found
to extend over the eastern portion of Negros Oriental. The type and four
specimens form Cat. No. 219,037, U. S. N. M., and were donated by Mr.
Webb.

Cochlostyla nimbosa antiqua, new subspecies.

Broderip, in describing Bulinus nimbosus in the Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London, 1840, page 121, defines four varieties. Vari-
eties a, b and c have the ground color brown, and come from the Island
of Negros. The variety d, on the other hand, has a pale yellow ground
color and comes from the Island of Panay. In spite of the fact that so
many names have been bestowed upon Philippine Cochlostylas, no one
appears to have separated these two races, which are quite distinct. Since
Reeve has figured the dark colored form from the Island of Negros under
the name of Bulimus nimbosus, Conchologia Iconica, plate 4, figure 17, we
may consider the name restricted to this form, and I now give the name
Cochlostyla ni?nbosa antiqua to the race from the Island of Panay. The
type and two specimens received from Mr. Webb are entered: Cat. No.
310,072, U. S. N. M.

The group of Cochlostyla sarcinosa is sadly in need of revision. The
name is usually credited to Ferussac, but there while Ferussac used the
name sarcinosa in 1822 in his "Tableaux systematiques des Animaux
Mollusques," on page 47, number 323, the name as here applied has no
status for it is a nomen nudem. In literature one frequently finds the
name given as dating from Ferussac-Deshayes " Histoire Naturelle Gen6rale
et Particuliere des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles" on page 267 and
figured on plate 169, figures 1 and 7, but unfortunately the plates did not
bear any name when they were issued, and the text for the part embracing
this species was not published until 1850. In the mean time (1840), Broderip
in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pages 121-123,
reported on Cuming's collection from the Philippines, Helix (Cochlostyla)
sarcinosa with varieties a-g. Of these varieties, a and b are from the Island
of Negros, c is from an unknown source, d is from the Island of Guimaras,
e and f are from the Island of Masbate, and g is from an unknown locality.
Subsequent authors have looked upon the globular shells from Masbate
as the typical form and we may therefore restrict the name Cochlostyla

18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

sarcinosa to the subspecies occurring upon that island, which will have to
bear the name Cochlostyla sarcinosa sarcinosa Broderip.

In 1850, Deshayes in Ferussac's "Histoire Naturelle Gen6rale et Particu-
liere des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles," on page 316, bestowed the
name Helix turgens upon a shell which is depicted on plate 108, figures 11
and 13. The locality cited in this case is "Philippine Islands." The
figures, however, quite clearly show that this name should be attached to
the shells from Guimaras Island and we may therefore restrict it to the
members of that island, which should be called Cochlostyla sarcinosa turgens
Deshayes.

The third of the sarcinosa group to receive a name were the shells from
the northwestern portion of Negros, which were christened Cochlostyla
sarcinosa dictyonina by von Mollendorff in the Abhandlungen der Natur-
forschenden Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz in 1898, volume 22, page 138.

There are two additional races in the complex before us, which will
require a name. The first of these comes from the south central coast of
Negros and may be known as Cochlostyla sarcinosa negrosa new sub-
species, while the second one comes from northwestern Panay, and may
be known as Cochlostyla sarcinosa pandana.

Of these five races, four have a broad peripheral band which extends to
the lip on the last whorl. Of these, Cochlostyla sarcinosa sarcinosa is the
largest. It is a subglobular form with olive green ground color, and only
weakly fenestrated with spiral and axial markings. It has a whitish zone
of about the same width as the brown band immediately below the latter.

The new subspecies, Cochlostyla sarcinosa negrosa, approaches typical
Cochlostyla sarcinosa in shape and ground coloration. It is, however, much
more strongly marked by hydrophanous axial and spiral bands of white
which gives to this race the fenestrated appearance characteristic of Coch-
lostyla sarcinosa turgens. The type of this race is Cat. No. 219,035,
U. S. N. M. and comes from Tayasan, Negros.

The other two races are less broadly conic. Cochlostyla sarcinosa turgens
from Panay is the most strongly fenestrated form. It is marked by spiral
and axial bands of pale brown placed upon a pale olive ground color.
These markings are particularly well developed on the base. Cochlostyla
sarcinosa dictyonina Mollendorff is the darkest of all, resembling C. sarci-
nosa turgens in general color pattern, but having all the markings much
intensified.

The fifth race, the one now christened Cochlostyla sarcinosa pandana,
lacks the brown peripheral band on the last turn, although this is present
in the suture on the early whorls. The type of this, Cat. No. 310,071,
U. S. N. M., comes from Pandan, northwest Panay.

Leptopoma goniostoma cotabatensis, new subspecies.

Shell similar to Leptopoma goniostoma Sowerby having, however, the
shoulders of the whorls more flattened and the peripheral keel less pro-
duced and the umbilicus more open. The aperture, too, is smaller and

Bartsch — Critical Remarks on Philippine Landshells. 19

more nearly circular. The present subspecies appears to occupy the lower
Rio Grande Valley of Cotabato, Mindanao.

The type, Cat. No. 250,787, U. S. N. M., and a large series of additional
specimens were collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns near the town of Cotabato.

Leptopoma goniostoma goniostoma comes from Misamis Province, on the
north coast of Mindanao.

Leptopoma nitidum weeksi, new subspecies.

In September, 1918, I published in the Journal of the Washington
Academy of Sciences a key to the subspecies of Leptopoma nitidum Sowerby
of the Philippine Islands. The present subspecies is nearest related to
the subspecies which I there called Leptopoma nitidum anaitis Bartsch.
This differs from it in being more broadly conic and larger, likewise in
having the spiral striations of the upper surface and the base more num-
erous and a little more closely crowded. Thirty-six specimens give the
following average measurements altitude, 14.2 mm.; greater diameter,
13.9 mm., lesser diameter, 10.5 mm.

The type, Cat. No. 310,073, U. S. N. M., which comes from the Island
of Bohol, measures: altitude, 14.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.9 mm.; lesser
diameter, 10.7 mm.

Vol. 32, pp. 21-22 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA.
VI.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

This is the sixth1 in the writer's current series of papers on
changes in the names of birds. It concerns species of Phasi-
anidae, Scolopacidae, Cuculidae, Bucconidae and Alcedinidae.

Family PHASIANIDAE.

Francolinus chinensis (Muller).

The name Francolinus chinensis now proves to be untenable for the
species to which it has been applied, since its basis, the Tetrao chinensis
of Muller,2 is rendered invalid by the previous Tetrao chinensis of Lin-
naeus,3 which is Excalfactoria chinensis (Linnaeus). The proper name for
this Chinese francolin becomes, therefore, Francolinus pintadeanus
(Scopoli).4

Family SCOLOPACIDAE.

Totanus maculatus (Tunstall).

In proposing8 the use of the name Totanus maculatus (Tunstall)6 for the
preoccupied Scolopax fusca Linnaeus,7 we overlooked the previous change8
of the name of this species to Totanus erythropus (Pallas),9 to which fact
Dr. E. Hartert has kindly directed our attention. The proper designation
of the spotted redshank is, of course, Totanus erythropus (Pallas).

iFor the five previous articles, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, March 31, 1917, pp.
75-76; July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXI, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49; November 29,
1918, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXII, February 14, 1919, pp. 7-8.

2Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 129 (China).

3Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 277 (China).

*Tetrao pintadeanus Scopoli, Delia Flor. et Faun. Insubr., II, 1786, p. 93 (Isle de
France) .

BProc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXI, May 16, 1918, p. 47.

t[Scolopax] Maculata Tunstall, Ornith. Brit., 1771, p. 3.

7Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 243.

8Richmond, Smithson. Miso. Coll., XLVII, pt. 3, Jan. 31, 1905, p. 347.

tScolopax erythropus Pallas, Adumbrat., Vroeg's Cat. d'Ois., Quad., et d'Insectea,
1764, p. 6.

7— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (21)

22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Family CUCULIDAE.

Cuculus canorus minor Brehm.

Mr. Outram Bangs has called our attention to the fact that Cuculus
canorus minor Brehm,1 used by Dr. E. Hartert2 for the form of Cuculus
canorus inhabiting Spain, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunis, is preoccupied by
Cuculus minor Gmelin,3 now in use as Coccyzus minor (Gmelin). As there
appears to be no tenable name available for Cuculus canorus minor Brehm,
we take pleasure in calling it Cuculus canorus bangsi, nom. nov.

Family BUCCONIDAE.

Monasa nigra (Muller).

The current name for the South American puff-bird known as Monasa
nigra (Muller) must be changed, since its original combination, Cuculus
niger Muller,4 is rendered untenable by Cuculus niger Linnaeus,6 a synonym
of Eudynamis honorata (Linnaeus). Its proper name is Monasa atra
(Boddaert), which is the Cuculus ater of Boddaert.6

Family ALCEDINIDAE.

Alcedo grandis Blyth.

The Indian kingfisher commonly known as Alcedo grandis Blyth,7 is
in need of a new name, since its present title is invalidated by Alcedo
grandis Gmelin,8 which is now considered a synonym of Jacamarops aurea
(Muller). As no other name is found to be available for Alcedo grandis
Blyth, it may be known as Alcedo megalia, nom. nov.

lCuculus canorus minor A. E. Brehm, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturh. Zeitung, Neue Folge,
III, 1857 (1858), p. 444 (northern and central Spain).

2V6gel palaarkt. Fauna, Heft VII (Band II, 1), February, 1912, p. 947.

3Syst. Nat., I, pt. 1, 1788, p. 411 (Cayenne).

4Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 90 (Cayenne).

sSyst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 170 (Bengal, India).

STabl. Planch. Enlum. d'Hist. Nat., 1783, p. 30 (Cayenne).

VJourn. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, XIV, 1845, p. 190 (Darjiling, India).

8Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, p. 458 (loc. ign.).

Vol. 32, pp. 23-24 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

AN UNRECOGNIZED SHREW FROM WARREN ISLAND,

ALASKA.

BY HARTLEY H. T. JACKSON.

A careful study of Alaskan shrews of the obscurus group in
the collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Uni-
versity of California, in connection with specimens of this
group in the collection of the U. S. Biological Survey, shows
that it is necessary to recognize by name those which inhabit
Warren Island. I am indebted to Dr. Joseph Grinnell, Director
of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, for the privilege of
describing this shrew from the collection under his adminis-
tration. It may be known by the following diagnosis:

Sorex obscurus malitiosus,1 subsp. nov.

Type. — Adult 9 , skin and skull, No. 8401, Museum of Vertebrate
Zoology, University of California; from east side of Warren Island, Alaska;
collected May 21, 1909, by H. S. Swarth. Original number 7532.

General characters. — Similar in size and superficial appearance to Sorex
obscurus longicauda. Skull slightly more flattened than that of longi-
cauda of corresponding age, the lachrymal foramen smaller and superior
portion of rostrum broader. Larger than Sorex obscurus elassodon with
relatively larger feet; skull broader than that of elassodon with longer
rostrum. Larger than Sorex obscurus alascensis with longer tail; skull
larger than that of alascensis, more flattened and averaging broader
interorbitally.

Color. — Type in fresh summer pelage: Essentially like specimens of
S. o. longicauda in similar pelage. Upperparts about mummy brown 2
becoming a very trifle darker on the posterior parts, and paling gradually
into a drabbish on the flanks; underparts smoke gray heavily washed
and mixed with between drab and wood brown; tail bicolor, between olive-
brown and sepia above, between buffy brown and tawny-olive below nearly

i Latin, full of wickedness, knavish.

SRidgway, R., Color standards and color nomenclature, 1912.

8— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (23)

24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

to tip. Winter pelage: Darker and more grayish than summer pelage.
Tending to be more brownish than corresponding pelage of S. o. longi-
cauda. Upperparts most nearly between chaetura drab and fuscous black;
underparts and tail essentially as in summer.

Skull. — Broad, flat and rather massive for the species obscurus. Slightly
more flattened than that of S. o. longicauda, less depressed interorbitally,
the braincase flatter and arising somewhat less abruptly in the frontal
region, superior portion of rostrum broader and more flattened, lachrymal
foramen smaller, unicuspidate teeth narrower, dental pigmentation less
extensive. Larger, broader interorbitally, with broader, longer rostrum,
and more deeply pigmented and heavier dentition than in S. o. elassodon.
Larger than that of S. o. alascensis, more flattened, averaging broader
interorbitally, with relatively longer palate and heavier dentition.

Measurements. — Type (adult female): Total length, 120; tail vertebrae
56; hind foot, 15. Skull: Type (adult female; teeth slightly worn) : Condy-
lobasal length, 18.4; palatal length, 7.3; breadth of cranium, 8.8; inter-
orbital breadth, 3.8; maxillary breadth, 5.3; maxillary tooth row (anterior
edge of second upper incisor to posterior edge of last upper molar measured
at alveolar border), 6.6.

Remarks. — Nine specimens of Sorex obscurus malitiosus are in the series
from the type locality. These are fairly constant in their characteristics
and represent an island form which is probably confined to Warren Island.
In the flatness of its skull malitiosus shows its nearest tendency toward
S. o. elassodon, but on the whole the form is more like S. o. longicauda
than any other subspecies. Its geographic range, however, is separated
from that of longicauda by the range of S. o. elassodon which seems to
occur on most of the islands between Admiralty Island, Alaska, and
Moresby Island, British Columbia.

Vol. 32, pp. 25-28 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

FIVE NEW SPECIES OF JASSOIDEA FROM HONDURAS
(HEMIPTERA: HOMOPTERA).

BY EDMUND H. GIBSON.

The specimens from which the following descriptions have
been made were collected by Mr. F. J. Dyer at Tegucigalpa,
Honduras, during June of 1918. Two other species of Jassoidea
in the same collection I have identified as Tettigonia prolixa
Fowler, and Tettigonia fuscolineella Fowler.

Tettigonia dyeri, n. sp.

Vertex but slightly shorter than length of pronotum at the middle.
Median line of vertex barely discernable. Head finely punctured. Pro-
notum broadly rounding anteriorly and deeply sinuate posteriorly. Pro-
notum deeply pitted along anterior border. Scutellum acute. Elytra
reticulate beyond clavus. Female segment longer at middle than at sides
and deeply sinuate either side of middle. Male plates long and pointed.

Color. — Head dark reddish brown to nearly black. Light ring around
ocelli. Two light spots at apex of vertex and a light spot above the an-
tennae. Pronotum lighter than head, ground color yellow. Anterior
pits brownish, with black bordering posterior margin. Scutellum yellow
with six dark spots, apex white. Elytra dark, reddish brown to black
with prominent yellow veins. Costal margin light. Light beneath. Legs
yellow.

Length, 9 4.5-5 mm., <? 4 mm.

Type 9 , allotype d1, paratypes 19 9 and 39 c?, all collected by F. J.
Dyer at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, June, 1918. In the collection of the
U. S. National Museum.

Named in honor of the collector.

Type No. 23,114.

Draeculacephala soluta, n. sp.

Length of vertex about equals width between the eyes and the length
of the pronotum. Vertex deeply furrowed at apex, yellow with median
line brown or black branching two-thirds its distance from base. Circular
lines along lateral borders of vertex traceable also curved line between

9— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (25)

26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

ocellus and median line. Dark line from ocellus to margin and spot behind
ocellus on posterior margin prominent. Numerous brown lines or dots
near anterior margin of pronotum which is yellow with much green color-
ing towards posterior margin. Scutellum yellow. Elytra green with
yellow veins, reticulate beyond clavus. Face dark, clypeus light, other-
wise light beneath.

Male plates long with strong spines on lateral margins. Length of
male 6 mm.

Type 6\ paratypes 3 cT all collected by F. J. Dyer at Tegucigalpa,
Honduras, June, 1918. Specimens in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum.

Type No. 22,115.

Deltocephalus spinosus, n. sp.

Vertex produced but obtuse and rounding, not as long as width between
the eyes. Ground color of head, pronotum, and scutellum yellow. Vertex
with eight light brown spots, and four black spots on margin of vertex.
Six wide brown lines on pronotum. Scutellum with median line crossed
and a brown spot either side. Elytra translucent, brownish with veins
whitish. Spines on legs and male plates long, stout and very prominent.
Last ventral abdominal segment of female slightly notched either side
of the middle.

Length of female, 3 mm.; male, 2.5-3 mm.

Type 9 , allotype d\ paratype 2d1, all collected by F. J. Dyer at Teguci-
galpa, Honduras, June, 1918. Specimens in collection of U. S. National
Museum.

Type No. 22,116.

Athysanus picatus, n. sp.

Vertex but little produced, anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel,
length less than one-half the distance between the eyes. Vertex light
yellow and as viewed from above has a small black spot at apex with a
larger one either side. A distinct heavy and wide black band between
the eyes. Pronotum yellowish with six more or less prominent longi-
tudinal lines and two transverse narrower lines along posterior border.
Scutellum large, yellow and marked with four longitudinal lines. Elytra
transparent with prominent black veins. Dark beneath. Legs dark,
posterior margin of last ventral abdominal segment of female nearly
truncate. Length of segment only slightly longer at sides than at middle.

Length of female, 5 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.

Type $ , paratype d\ both collected by F. J. Dyer at Tegucigalpa,
Honduras, June, 1918. Specimens in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum.

Type No. 22,117.

Athysanus miniaturatus, n. sp.

In general pattern the same as the preceding species, but much smaller
in size, darker and shining. Face entirely black. The spots along margin

Gibson — New Species of Jassoidea from Honduras. 27

of vertex appear as a band when viewed from above. The yellow colora-
tion of the preceding species appears whitish or cream with this. Veins
of elytra are heavier and appear darker. The posterior margin of the
last ventral segment of the female is distinctly sinuate at the middle.

Type 9, allotype d\ paratypes 11 c?, all collected at Tegucigalpa,
Honduras, by F. J. Dyer. Specimens in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum.

Type No. 22,118.

Vol. 32, pp. 29-32 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CONURUS FROM THE

ANDAMAN ISLANDS.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

Examples of Conurus1 fasciatus from the Andaman Islands
prove, on examination, to be subspecifically different from
mainland birds. As they seem to have no available name,
we propose for them

Conurus fasciatus abbotti, subsp. nov.2

Chars, subsp. — Similar to Conurus fasciatus fasciatus from Tenasserim,
India, but much larger; upper and lower parts paler.

Description. — Type, adult male, No. 178,825, U. S. Nat. Mus.; South
Andaman Island, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, January 17, 1901;
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Anterior edge of forehead narrowly black, connecting
with a somewhat broader line extending across the upper part of the
lores from the bill to the eyes; forehead behind this black line greenish
glaucous, passing posteriorly into pale dull glaucous blue and laterally
into turtle green; remainder of pileum olive buff with a wash of lavender
gray; cervix and anterior portion of the sides of the neck, night green;
upper back and posterior portion of the sides of the neck, rather dark
absinthe green; lower back and scapulars, Scheele's green, verging a little
toward calliste green, and passing into calliste green on the upper tail-
coverts, and, like all the rest of the upper parts, excepting the pileum and
cervix, with more or less evident shimmering vermiculations like those of
moire silk; middle pair of tail-feathers methyl green, edged broadly
with Scheele's green on their basal portion, where this color occupies
nearly all of the feathers, decreasing in width distally and disappearing
about one-third of the distance from the end; remaining rectrices dull
Scheele's green, narrowly methyl green along a part of the shaft, all the
shafts dark brown; wings dark fuscous, the inner webs of the quills paler,
the primaries narrowly edged on their inner webs, and the secondaries
more widely margined on the same webs with colonial buff; exposed upper

iFor the use of Conurus in place of Palaeornis, cf. Oberholser, Smithson. Misc. Coll.,
LX, No. 7, October 26, 1912, p. 4; Mathews, Novit. Zool., XVIII, 1911, p. 11.
2 Named for the well-known naturalist, Dr. W. L. Abbott.

10— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (29)

30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

surface of wing-quills between Scheele's green and grass green, their outer
edges narrowly yellowish; primary coverts grass green, their outer margins
a little lighter; a large yellowish patch on the wing formed by all but the
outermost median and greater coverts, by some of the posterior lesser cov-
erts, and by the outer webs of the secondaries and of the tertials, this patch
shading inwardly to aniline yellow, outwardly to javel green; remainder
of the upper wing-coverts like the scapulars, the bend of wing more glaucous ;
lores and periophthalmic region, turtle green; upper part of cheeks dull
burn blue; auriculars dull lavender; lower portion of the cheeks and the
malar stripe together forming a broad black band extending backward
to meet the corner of the night green cervical collar; chin dull cream buff;
a narrow, fairly well-defined lavender collar extending back of the black
moustachial band from its upper posterior point down across the throat;
remainder of throat and breast between coral pink and onion-skin pink, the
anterior and posterior edges of this area washed with lavender; abdomen,
flanks, sides, and thighs, calliste green, strongly overlaid on abdomen with
calamine blue; lower tail-coverts light yellow green; under surface of tail
between dark olive buff and citrine drab, the edges of the feathers yellowish;
lining of the wing lumiere green, varied with darker green, bluish, buffy,
and a few dark fuscous spots formed by the centers of some of the
feathers; "feet olive green; claws black."

Measurements. — Male:1 wing, 169.5-174.5 (average, 172.3) mm.; tail,
196-198 (197); exposed culmen with cere, 27.5-28 (27.8); tarsus, 16-17.5
(17.0); middle toe without claw, 20-21 (20.7).

Female:2 wing, 163-174 (average, 167.8) mm.; tail, 172-193 (180.8);
exposed culmen with cere, 25-27.5 (26.1); tarsus, 15.5-18 (16.6); middle
toe without claw, 20.5-23.5 (21.9).

Geographic distribution. — Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal.

Remarks. — This new race from the Andaman Islands differs from Conurus
fasciatus major3 Richmond, from Pulo Babi, western Sumatra, in its much
smaller size and usually lighter upper and lower parts; from Conurus
fasciatus perioncus Oberholser,4 from the Island of Nias, western Sumatra,
in its inferior size, darker pileum, paler remaining upper surface, and
lighter, more bluish posterior lower parts; and from Conurus fasciatus
calus6 Oberholser, from the Island of Simalur, western Sumatra, in its
paler upper and lower parts, and somewhat less bluish posterior lower
surface. Notwithstanding the wide separation of its range, Conurus
fasciatus abbotti most closely resembles Conurus fasciatus major from
islands off the western coast of Sumatra, and it seems thus to present
another instance of parallel development of characters.

As in all forms of the species, individual variation covers a wide range
of color, particularly on the throat and breast, for in some individuals

'Three specimens, from the Andaman Islands.
2Eight specimens, from the Andaman Islands.

zPalaeornis major Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, August 6, 1902, p.
188 (Pulo Babi, western coast of Sumatra).

<Smithson. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 7, October 26, 1912, p. 4.
BSmithson. Misc. Coll., LX, No. 7, October 26, 1912, p. 4.

Oberholser — A New Conurus from the Andaman Islands. 31

this area is much paler and more pinkish, from which it varies to a much
darker and more lavender bluish shade. Colors of the soft parts, in addi-
tion to those already mentioned, are, as obtained from the labels of speci-
mens, as follows: maxilla of male, red, its tip yellow or black; mandible,
black; iris with its inner circle green, its outer ring yellow; bill of female
wholly black, the cere brownish, and iris pale yellow.

The geographic distribution of this species shows a remarkable inter-
ruption, for the bird seems to be absent from the southern Malay Peninsula
and from Sumatra, although it occurs in Tenasserim and on the Barussan
Islands off the western coast of Sumatra. Including the form here described
there seem to be now recognizable the following five subspecies of Conurus
fasciatus:

Conurus fasciatus fasciatus (Muller). — Kumaon, the Himalaya Moun-
tains and southern China, south to Cochin China and Tenasserim.

Conurus fasciatus abbotti Oberholser. — Andaman Islands.

Conurus fasciatus major (Richmond). — Pulo Babi and Pulo Lasia,
Barussan Islands, western Sumatra.

Conurus fasciatus perioncus Oberholser. — Nias Island, Barussan Islands,
western Sumatra.

Conurus fasciatus calus Oberholser. — Simalur Island, Barussan Islands,
western Sumatra.

An idea of the considerable difference in size between the present new
race and typical Conurus fasciatus may be obtained from a comparison
of the wing measurements of five adult male specimens of the latter from
Tenasserim. These are: 147, 150, 151, 153, 157 (average, 151.6). De-
tailed measurements of Conurus fasciatus abbotti are added below:

32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

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II

Vol. 32, pp. 33-40 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF TUK

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

LAKE SUPERIOR LUMBRICULIDS, INCLUDING VER-
RILL'S LUMBRICUS LACUSTRIS.

BY FRANK SMITH.

The oligochaete material of the United States National
Museum includes two bottles of specimens from Lake Superior
obtained in 1871 by S. I. Smith, naturalist of the United States
Lake Survey. One bottle contains eight specimens catalogued
as cotypes of Lumbricus lacustris Verrill (U. S. N. M. Cat.
No. 15,589). They were collected among Cladophora in 8-13
fathoms of water, on the south side of Saint Ignace Island.
Aside from fragments of tubificids they include parts of speci-
mens of two distinct species of lumbriculids. The label of the
other bottle indicates that its contents were from a different
collection, but gives no locality other than Lake Superior.
The contents are similar to those of the first bottle and include
specimens of the same two lumbriculid species and of at least
two distinct tubificid genera. Since L. lacustris is recorded
only from the locality mentioned above and from the stomachs
of whitefish taken at Outer Island (Smith, S. L, 1874:697), it
seems somewhat probable that the two lots of specimens are
from the same locality. One of the lumbriculid species is
Lumbriculus inconstans (F. Smith) which is already known
from a considerable number of localities in the region of the
Great Lakes and of the upper Mississippi Valley, and has
recently been found in the Arctic regions of North America.
The other is a form previously unknown and closely related
to Mesoporodrilus asymmetricus F. Smith (1896:402).

Verrill's description of Lumbricus lacustris (Smith and Ver-
rill, 1871:449) is apparently based on a combination of char-
acters of the two lumbriculid species above mentioned and is as

11— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (33)

34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

follows: Lumbricus lacustris Verrill, sp. nov. About 1.5 inches
long, 0.04 in diameter. Body round, distinctly annulated.
Head short, conical, obtusely pointed. Setae spine-like,
strongly curved, acute, arranged two by two, those of each
pair close together. Color reddish brown.

Of these characters some apply equally well to both species.
"Body round, distinctly annulated"; " setae * * * ar-
ranged two by two, those of each pair close together"; are of
this class. The applicability of statements concerning the length
and color can not be judged, because of the poor state of preser-
vation of the material. The diameter (0.04 inch) is correct
for the specimens of Mesoporodrilus, but that dimension in
the Lumbriculus specimens is scarcely three-fourths as great.
The description of the setae (spine-like, strongly curved, acute),
is more nearly correct for the Mesoporodrilus specimens, since
the setae of the others are cleft at the outer extremity. The
description of the prostomium probably more accurately fits
the specimens of Lumbriculus, although applicable to the
others in their poorly preserved condition.

It seems reasonable to assume that the description really
combines characters of the two species, but it more nearly fits
the specimens of Mesoporodrilus. Lumbriculus inconstans
has had frequent mention in literature for something over
twenty years. Under the circumstances the writer prefers to
associate Verrill's species name with the specimens of the other
genus which will accordingly be described as Mesoporodrilus
lacustris (Verrill) F. Smith.

This paper is No. 128 of the series of contributions from the
Zoological Laboratory of the University of Illinois.

Mesoporodrilus F. Smith.

Setae closely paired; simple. Clitellum on 10-12 and part or all of 9
and 13; complete ventrad. Spermiducal pore on 10; median. Oviducal
pores paired; in 11/12; in line of ventral setae. Spermathecal pores median;
anterior to spermiducal pore. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels paired;
in 10, or in 9 and 10. Atrium elongated; differentiated into a muscular
sperm reservoir and relatively small penial organ, connected by a con-
torted duct. Ovaries and oviducal funnels paired in 11. Spermathecae,
one or two; asymmetrical in position; opening on 9 or on 8 and 9.

Type species, Mesoporodrilus asymmetricus F. Smith.

Smith — Lake Superior Lumbriculids. 35

Mesoporodrilus asymmetricus F. Smith.

Length, 30 mm. Diameter, 0.5 mm. Somites, 65. Pale; without pig-
ment. Prostomium prolonged into tentacle-like extension. Setae closely-
paired; simple. Clitellum, H9-J^13. Spermathecal pores median; two
on 9. Spermaries and spermiducal funnels paired; in 10. Diameter of
reservoir one and one-half times that of its lumen. Spermathecae, two;
in same side of 9; sacs may extend into adjacent somite.

Holotype. — Cat. No. 27,235, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
Type locality, Quiver Lake, near Havana, Illinois.

Mesoporodrilus lacustris (Verrill) F. Smith.

Length, 42 mm. (?) Diameter about 1 mm. Somites, number un-
known. Setae closely paired; simple. Clitellum on 9-12 and encroaching
on 13. Spermathecal pores median; on 9, or on 8 and 9 Spermaries
and spermiducal funnels paired; in 9 and 10. Sperm ducts, two pairs;
all opening into the single sperm reservoir near its posterior end. Diameter
of reservoir three times that of its lumen. Spermathecae, one, or two;
asymmetrically disposed; each with elongated duct opening on 9, or on
8 and 9; and sac with thick wall, in the same or in adjacent somites.

Cotypes.— Cat. No. 15,589, U. S. N. M.; Cat. No. 17,947, U. S. N. M.
(Lectotype, Cat. No. 15,589, U. S. N. M , selected by F. Smith). Type
locality: Lake Superior, south side of Saint Ignace Island.

The specimens show evidence of maceration and are more or less frag-
mentary. There are no complete specimens permitting observation of
length and number of somites. The specimen which serves as type for
this description is one of the cotypes mentioned above; it includes fifteen
anterior somites, and is cut into transverse sections. Transverse and
sagittal sections were made from specimens from the other collection which
are used as paratypes.

External Characters.

The maximum diameter (1 mm. or slightly more) is in the clitellar
somites and considerably exceeds that of the accompanying Lumbriculus
specimens. The color of the living worms is unknown, since the "reddish
brown" of Verrill's description may or may not apply to this species.
The prostomium has very thin walls near the end; is incomplete in each
specimen studied; and in living specimens may terminate in a tentacle-
like extension, as does that of M. asymmetricus. The setae are slender
and very similar in form to those of the last named species (Smith, 1896,
fig. 9). The nodule is one-third of the length, from the distal end, and the
outer third is more strongly curved. Ventral setae of the clitellar somites
are about 0.225 mm. long and the diameter near the nodule is about
0.011 mm. Other setae are somewhat smaller. The relative distances
between the pairs are approximately indicated by the formula: aa=
j^bc=T\dd. The clitellum is chiefly confined to somites 9-12, but en-
croaches slightly on 13. The spermiducal pore is on the summit of a small
median papilla near the posterior border of 10. The oviducal pores are

36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

in 1 1/12 and about in line with the ventral seta bundles. The spermathecal
pores are median and borne near the posterior border of their somites on
small papillae. In one specimen there are two, one each on 8 and 9; and
in each of the others there is a single one which is on 9.

Internal Characters.

A satisfactory account of the internal organs is difficult and in some
respects impossible, because of the poor state of preservation of the ma-
terial. The alimentary tract is quite similar to that of M. asymmetricus,
since it lacks a gizzard and is otherwise rather simple in type. The con-
tents are such as might be expected in specimens living among algae.
Diatom shells are especially abundant. A pair of transverse blood vessels
connect the dorsal and ventral vessels in the posterior part of each of most
of the anterior eleven somites. The relations of the vessels posterior
to these somites can not be determined. The first nephridia seem to be
in the eleventh or twelfth somites.

Fortunately the reproductive organs are better preserved than are most
others and permit a description of most of the important characters. In
the specimens sectioned, there are uniformly a pair of spermaries and a
pair of spermiducal funnels in each of somites 9 and 10. The funnels
of the anterior pair project freely into the posterior part of the somite,
and the ducts extend along the septum to the ventral wall and along the
latter to the atrium. Each of the funnels of the posterior pair is included
in the anterior part of a corresponding sperm sac. The course of each duct
from the funnel is first anteriad, out of the sperm sac, and then ventrad
along the septum to the body wall. The courses of the two ducts differ
from this point, since each of them extends to the atrium which is on one
side of the alimentary tract. The duct from the funnel which is on the
same side as the atrium follows a rather direct course to the posterior
part of the atrium, the "sperm reservoir," while the course of the duct
from the other funnel is between the nerve cord and body wall to the
atrial side of the worm and then posteriorly to the reservoir. The sperm
ducts of the two pairs in their courses along the reservoir are at first sepa-
rated slightly from its wall, but gradually approach it and are in contact
with it in the posterior half, and finally penetrate the muscular wall and
open into the lumen of the reservoir near its end. In one specimen the
courses of the ducts along the reservoir are approximately 90° apart, while
in another, two of the ducts are closely approximated.

The single atrium is on the left side in some specimens and on the right
side in the type and in others. It is somewhat similar to that described
and figured in M. asymmetricus. The term atrium is here used to include
all three parts of the single asymmetrical ectal part of the spermiducal
apparatus, since it is apparently homologous with one of the paired atria
of Rhynchelmis. In the description of M. asymmetricus the term atrium
was used in a different way and applied to a small chamber near the
spermiducal pore (Smith, 1896, fig. 7, at). No such chamber is developed
in M. lacustris. The atrium terminates in a penial organ corresponding

Smith — Lake Superior Lumbriculids. 37

to the "prostate" of M. asymmetricus, but relatively shorter and more
slender. This organ extends dorsad and laterad to a position near the open-
ing of a sperm sac in septum 10/11, where it is connected with the anterior
end of the sperm reservoir by a duct of diameter similar to that of the
penial organ (0.045-0.05 mm.). The reservoir is included within the
sperm sac of the atrial side of the worm and extends posteriad two to four
somites, the distance varying in different specimens. In the type specimen
it ends in somite 14. The wall of the reservoir includes a thin lining
epithelium; several thin laminae of muscular tissue of which the fibers
have a spiral direction, some to the right and some to the left; and a very
thin outer layer of longitudinal fibers. The spirally arranged fibers are
more nearly transverse than longitudinal, and the angles which they
make with each other and with those of the superficially placed longi-
tudinal series are approximately equal (60° or 120°). This arrangement
is very different from that in M. asymmetricus in which the chief mass of
muscle fibers have a slightly spiral course, but are nearly parallel with
the longitudinal axis of the sperm reservoir. The diameter of the reser-
voir is approximately one-fifth of that of the somites containing it and the
diameter of the lumen, midway of its length, is about one-third of that
of the reservoir. Connected with the wall by narrowed extensions are
numerous gland cells of large size which are similar to the "large prostate
cells" of Eclipidrilus frigidus described by Eisen (1895). There is no
large mass of gland cells related to the spermiducal pore, as in M. asym-
metricus (Smith, 1896:405). Paired sperm sacs extend posteriad from
septum 10/11 through four to six somites; in the type specimen at least
to somite 16.

There are uniformly a pair of ovaries in 11 attached to septum 10/11,
and a pair of oviducal funnels and oviducts in the same somite, related
to septum 11/12. From 11/12 a pair of ovisacs extend posteriad a few
somites beyond the posterior ends of the sperm sacs, which are included
in the anterior part of the ovisacs. More commonly there is one sperma-
theca in 9, opening on the mid-ventral surface near the posterior boundary
of the somite, but in one specimen there is also a second spermatheca in
8, with opening similarly placed in that somite. The spermathecal ducts
have relatively small diameter and are sharply distinct from the large,
rather thick-walled sacs. The sacs often invade adjacent somites and
may be on either the right or left side of the alimentary tract. The diameter
of the duct is about 0.075 mm., while that of the sac is often more than
half of the diameter of the worm, and hence nearly ten times as great.

Relationships of Mesoporodrilus lacustris.

The relationships of M. lacustris seem very clear. In having a single
atrium opening on the mid-ventral surface, and asymmetrically arranged
spermathecae which also have median pores, its close relation to M.
asymmetricus is obvious. While agreeing with this species in various
other characters of generic rank, it is clearly distinguished by several
characters of specific grade. Two pairs of spermaries and spermiducal

38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

funnels instead of a single pair of each is an important difference. M .
lacustris more frequently has a single spermatheca, and when two are
present they are in different somites; while each of the two known speci-
mens of M. asymmetricus has two spermathecae in one somite. The
musculature of the sperm reservoir is quite different in the two species,
that of M . lacustris being unique, while that of M. asymmetricus is more
like that in allied genera. The relative diameters of the reservoir and its
lumen are quite different in the two species. In M . lacustris the diameter
of the lumen is but one-third of that of the reservoir, midway of its length;
while in M . asymmetricus the diameter of the lumen is about two-thirds
of that of the reservoir.

The assumption of Michaelsen (1908:163) that M. asymmetricus is a
"reduction form" (meaning that it has been derived from an ancestral
form with two pairs of male gonads and of sperm ducts) receives increased
support, now that we know a closely related form with two pairs of sperma-
ries and of sperm ducts.

The genus Mesoporodrilus was established for the species M. asym-
metricus which alone among lumbriculids had median spermiducal and
spermathecal pores, together with asymmetry of the related organs. Later,
another genus, Premnodrilus F. Smith (1900), was established for a single
North American species, P. palustris. In several characters, notably the
spermiducal organs, these two genera are closely allied to the older genus
Eclipidrilus Eisen and Michaelsen (1901:149) has seen fit to unite the
three species in the last named genus. The discovery of a second species
of Mesoporodrilus and also of a second distinct species of Premnodrilus,
soon to be described, has led the writer to revive these generic names.
Notwithstanding their close relationship to each other and to Eclipidrilus,
each of these two genera has at least two perfectly distinct species which
are much more closely allied to each other than they are to the species
of the other genus. Furthermore, these two genera have been separated
long enough to permit the development of a "reduction form" in each.
As the oligochaete fauna of other parts of the country becomes better
known, it seems highly probable that still other species may be found
belonging to one or the other. Whether the two groups are at present
given generic or subgeneric rank is a matter of no great consequence.

Lumbriculus inconstans (F. Smith).

The collections contain more specimens of this species than of M. la-
custris, but the latter would be more likely to be selected for study because
of their greater size. Scarcely any of the specimens were sexually mature.
But two were noticed that are at a stage showing spermathecae and these
illustrate the extreme variability among specimens of Lumbriculus.
Neither of them has precisely the same number and arrangement of the
various reproductive organs that is known in any other specimen of the
genus. One specimen, from those labelled as cotypes of Lumbricus la-
custris, has paired atria in 10; spermaries and spermiducal funnels paired
in 9 and 10; ovaries and oviducal funnels paired in 11, 12 and 13; and

Smith — Lake Superior Lumbriculids. 39

spermathecae paired in 12-15. This is the first record in the species of
three pairs of oviducal funnels, and this number was recorded but once
by Mrazek (1907:420) among 163 specimens of Lumbriculus variegatus.
The other specimen having spermathecae is from the other bottle and has
paired atria in 10; paired spermaries and spermiducal funnels in 9 and 10;
paired ovaries and oviducal funnels in 11 and 12; and paired spermathecae
in 11-13.

The sperm ducts could be traced throughout most of their course in
each of the two mature specimens. As noted by Mrazek (1907:434) in
L. variegatus, the ducts are very slender, have a tortuous course, and are
followed with difficulty. There is almost certainly a general correspondence
in their course and in their relation to the atria, with the conditions found
in Trichodrilus. The course of the ducts of either side is: (a) along the
anterior surfaces of their septa, ventrad to the body wall; (b) along the
latter, with more or less tortuous windings, to the atrium; and then (c)
along its surface to the summit, where the lumen of each duct becomes
continuous with that of the atrium. Each duct from 9 extends dorsad
on the anterior side of the corresponding atrium and that from 10 on the
posterior side.

The writer has recently received from Dr. Paul S. Welch, specimens
of L. inconstans which were collected in Douglas Lake, near Cheboygan,
Michigan, in July, 1918. One of these which is sexually mature has been
sectioned and it also exhibits the Trichodrilus relation of spermiducal
organs.

In a discussion of the position of Lumbriculus in the family Lumbricu-
lidae, Michaelsen (1908:165-166) has mentioned the need for information
about the relations of sperm ducts and atria in L. inconstans. He also
suggested the possible desirability of uniting Trichodrilus with Lum-
briculus. He considered the various characters which separate the two
genera, as relatively unimportant. While admitting that any one of the
characters might by itself be insufficient to warrant generic separation
of the two groups of species, the writer considers that much more import-
ance should be attached to the existence of a considerable number of
such differences than to the presence of but one or two. An additional
difference, not mentioned by Michaelsen, is in the position of the sper-
mathecal pores. In L. variegatus and L. inconstans the pores are dorsad
of the ventral seta bundles and in or near the lateral line; while in Trichod-
rilus, they are posteriad of the ventral seta bundles and in line with them,
as in most lumbriculids.

Literature Cited.
Eisen, G.

1895. Pacific Coast Ohgochseta, I. Mem. California Acad. Sci., 2:63-
122.
Michaelsen, W.

1901. Oligochaeten der Zoologischen Museen zu St. Petersburg und
Kiew. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg (5), 15:137-215.

40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

1908. Pendulations-Theorie und Oligochaten, zugleich eine Erorterung
der Grundziige des Oligochaten-Systems Mitt. Nat. Mus. Ham-
burg, 25:153-175.
MrAzek, Al.

1907. Die Geschlechtsverhaltnisse und die Geschlechtsorgane von
Lumbriculus variegatus Gr. Zool. Jahrb. Anat. u. Ont., 23:381-462.
Smith, F.

1895. Notes on Species of North American Oligochseta. Bull. Illinois
State Lab. Nat. Hist., 4:285-297.

1896. Notes on Species of North American Oligochseta. II. Bull.
Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., 4:396-413.

1900. Notes on Species of North American Oligochseta. IV. On a
New Lumbriculid Genus from Florida, with Additional Notes on the
Nephridial and Circulatory Systems of Mesoporodrilus asymmetricus
Smith. Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., 5:459-478.

1905. Notes on Species of North American Oligochseta. V. The
Systematic Relationships of Lumbriculus inconstans (Thinodrilus)
(Smith). Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., 7:45-51.
Smith, S. I.

1874. Sketch of the Invertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior. Rep't
U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1872 and 1873, pp. 690-707.
Smith, S. I. and Verrill, A. E.

1871. Notice of the Invertebrata dredged in Lake Superior in 1871,
by the U. S. Lake Survey, under the direction of Gen. C. B. Com-
stock, S. I. Smith, naturalist. Am. Journ. Sci., (3) 2:448-454.

Vol. 32, pp. 41-44 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NEW PACIFIC COAST PLANTS.
CHARLES V. PIPER.

The following species of plants are described partly from
recently collected specimens and partly from material that has
accumulated in the National Herbarium. Most of them belong
to highly critical genera. The most noteworthy perhaps is
the new Cryptantha, the second American species with perennial
woody stems.

Sidalcea nelsoniana, n. sp.

Perennial 60-90 cm. high, the stems up to the inflorescence glabrous
or bearing a few more or less retrorse mostly simple short hairs; leaf-
blades orbicular in outline, glabrous above, sparsely hirsutulous beneath,
5-10 cm. broad, the lower ones 7-lobed, the lobes incisely dentate with
3-5 obtuse teeth, the upper leaves increasingly deeply cleft, the upper-
most divided to the base into linear entire or more or less toothed segments;
lower petioles 2-4 times as long as the blade, glabrous to sparsely hirsute;
stipules lanceolate, acute; racemes dense, erect, panicled; bracts linear;
pedicels shorter than the calyx, densely stellate-puberulent ; calyx sparsely
and minutely stellate-puberulent, at length loosely reticulate-veined, the
broadly triangular acute lobes little longer than the tube; petals rose-
colored, emarginate at apex, about 1 cm. long; stamineal column re-
trorsely pubescent; carpels nearly smooth, not reticulate, minutely and
sparsely puberulent.

Allied to S. campestris Greene and S. oregana (Nutt.) Gray. From the
former it is easily separated by the smaller rose-colored corollas, the shorter
almost glabrous calyx-lobes, and the nearly smooth carpels; and from the
latter by the simple pubescence, shorter calyx-lobes, and smaller flowers.
The species is apparently restricted to the Willamette Valley of Oregon,
where it was collected by Thos. Howell in June, 1880, and recently by
Prof. J. C. Nelson as follows: Salem, No. 2233, July 17, 1918 (type), and
No. 650, June 5, 1916; Eugene, No. 332, July 14, 1915; Independence,
No. 2270, June 22, 1918.

12— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (41)

42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Cryptantha suffruticosa, n. sp.

Perennial, the stout stem woody, much branched above the base, the
branches erect, about 30 cm. high; stems setose, or above partly strigose;
leaves numerous, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, acute, pustulate-setose
above, setose and strigose beneath, 2-4 cm. long; racemes rather dense,
simple, erect, a few of the flowers bracteate, 5-10 cm. long; pedicels mostly
shorter than the calyx; calyx deciduous with the pedicel when ripe, the
lobes lanceolate, acute, erect, glabrous above, densely setose beneath with
both coarse and fine hairs, 3 mm. long; corolla tubular-campanulate,
2 mm. long; nutlets ovate-triangular in outline, obtuse, 1.5 mm. long,
pale brown, narrowly wing-margined, the back armed with about 40 evenly-
scattered pale papillae, the ventral side dull, glabrous, the groove open
its entire length and gradually widening toward the base.

Camp Muchacho in the southwestern part of the Colorado Desert, San
Diego County, Calif., C. R. Orcutt, No. 2070, Sept. 20, 1890. Type in
the U. S. National Herbarium, sheet No. 201,311.

Closely allied to C. racemosa (Wats.) Greene but readily distinguished
by the larger leaves, coarser pubescence, simple racemes, shorter pedicels,
larger calyx and larger broader-margined nutlets.

Stachys caurina, n. sp.

Perennial, 60-100 cm. high, 4-angled, glabrous, except the angles, which
are sparsely armed with short retrorse pustulate bristles; leaves thin,
oblong-ovate, acute, rounded or truncate at base, dentate scarcely crenate,
sparsely appressed pubescent on both sides, 10 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide;
petioles loosely hirsute, half as long as the blades; inflorescence loose,
the flowers in verticils of four; lower bract leaflike, sessile, dentate, the
upper much reduced and subentire; calyx broadly funnel-form, loosely
villous, 10 mm. long, the teeth subequal, half as long as the tube, narrowly
triangular and twice as long as broad, sharply acute, each tipped with a
long spine one-fourth to one-third as long as the lobes; corolla purple,
nearly glabrous, 25 mm. long, the lower lip considerably longer than the
upper.

Olympic Mts., Clallam County, Wash., July, 1900, A.D.E. Elmer, No.
2543. Type sheet No. 401,868 in U. S. National Herbarium. The long
narrow teeth of the calyx readily separate this species from S. ciliata Dougl.

Stachys confertiflora, n. sp.

Perennial, 60-90 cm. high; stems erect, 4-angled and thickly retrorse
prickly on the angles, otherwise glabrous; petioles retrorsely pubescent,
less than half as long as the blades, mostly more than half as long as the
internodes; blades oblong-ovate, cordate or subcordate, rather obtuse,
coarsely crenate-dentate, sparsely hirsute on both surfaces especially on
the veins, more so beneath, 8-12 cm. long, half as wide; spike dense 4-5
cm. long, of 7-9 close whorls of flowers, densely viscid-puberulent through-
out, not at all hirsute; bracts ovate, small, half as long as the calyx; calyx

Piper — New Pacific Coast Plants. 43

densely viscid-puberulent, striately many-nerved, 7-8 mm. long, the short
broadly triangular subequal slightly spreading teeth each tipped with a
short spine; corolla purple, viscid-puberulent, 15-18 mm. long, the narrow
cylindraceous tube twice as long as the lower lip, the lips wide spreading,
the lower somewhat longer; filaments sparsely pubescent.

Corvallis, Oregon, along a stream, August 7, 1918, C. V. Piper. Closely
allied to S. ciliata Douglas and S. pubens (Gray) Heller but easily dis-
tinguished by the dense inflorescence and the viscid-puberulent calyx.
The character given for the genus in the Synoptical Flora of "filaments
naked" requires revision, as they are pubescent in all the species here
mentioned.

Stachys ciliata macrantha, n. subsp.

Leaves lance-ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate not at all
crenate, rather densely and loosely appressed pubescent on each side, the
blades 6-10 cm. long about twice as long as the petioles; calyx 10-12 mm.
long, tubular, more or less enlarged in the throat, loosely and thinly pubes-
cent, the oblong-ovate acute teeth each armed with a short spine at tip;
corolla 3-4 cm. long, puberulent.

Chilliwack Valley, B. C, June 29, 1901, J. M. Macoun No. 54,685.
Type sheet in U. S. National Herbarium, No. 444,143.

Penstemon deserticola, n. sp.

Perennial from loosely branched woody rootstocks; whole plant perfect
glabrous except only the leaf margins; stems erect or nearly so, 15-20 cm.
high; leaves 6 or 7 pairs, entire, sessile, narrowly oblanceolate, the lower
obtuse, the upper acute, thick, pale and somewhat glaucous, glabrous
except the finely puberulent margins, 2-4 cm. long; inflorescence narrow,
6-10 cm. long; bracts lance-linear, acute, gradually reduced; peduncles
short, equalling the calyx; calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, acuminate, broadly
and somewhat erosely scarious-margined, 5-6 mm. long; corolla (probably
blue) broadly tubular-funnelform, 2 cm. long, entirely glabrous, the broad
lobes rounded; sterile filament glabrous; anthers glabrous, split from the
tips to but not through the connective.

Near Desert Well between Button Springs and Silver Lake, Lake County.
Ore., alt. 1400 m., July 5, 1894, /. B. Leiberg No. 402. Type in U. S.
National Herbarium, sheet No. 404,811. Nearest P. speciosus Dougl.,
from which it differs by the smaller corolla, differently shaped leaves, and
much smaller size.

Cirsium oreganum, n. sp.

Weakly armed; stems erect, slender, loosely arachnoid, 60 cm. high,
branched from the base, the branches erect; leaves narrowly oblong, the
lowermost lobed, the others subentire, or with a few tooth-like lobes, the
tip and the lobes or teeth spine-tipped, prickly-ciliate, green and glabrous
above, thinly white tomentose beneath, the lowermost petiolate, the

44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

cauline sessile by a broadened clasping base, 8-10 cm. long; heads all
long-peduncled, hemispheric, 2.5 cm. high; involucre campanulate, 2 cm.
high, thinly white arachnoid; tegules subequal, lanceolate-subulate, erect,
loosely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, green, not at all glandular, somewhat
spinulose-ciliate, the outer ones each with a slender straight spiny tip, the
inner each with a flattened scarious lacerated tip; corollas purple-red, 2 cm.
long, the lobes as long as the sparsely pilose throat; anthers glabrous;
akenes sparsely puberulent; pappus sordid, most of the bristles clavellate
tipped.

Nearest C. remotifolius (Hook.) D.C., but very distinct from that.

Grant's Pass, Oregon, M. E. Peck, No. 4839, June 30, 1913.

Vol. 32, pp. 45-48 April 11, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THK

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

GENERAL NOTES.

THE GENERIC NAMES ANOA AND BUBALUS.

In the sixth installment of his important paper "On Some External
Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla,"1 Mr. R. I. Pocock decides that
Anoa2 can not be maintained as a valid genus apart from Bubalus;3 and
inasmuch as the former name has page priority, he concludes that all the
species of the Indian water-buffalo group, including bubalis, mindorensis,
depressicornis, and their allies, must be placed together in a genus called
Anoa. Both of these arguments are open to further consideration. The
International Code does not provide for page priority except in a recom-
mendation to revisers that it serve as a guide in making selections between
available names of even date. Since Lydekker, in 1913, 4 with all the known
facts before him, has deliberately chosen Bubalus over Anoa for a group
combining all the forms under discussion, Anoa can not now replace
Bubalus unless it can be shown that some other author has forestalled
Lydekker's action by an earlier selection. I have been unable to find any
previous writer, who has dealt with this group, with a sufficiently modern
knowledge of the nomenclature involved to entitle him to figure as a
"first reviser"; and apparently Lydekker's selection of Bubalus must
stand for those who wish to combine the two genera. There is, however,
a considerable reason why Anoa and Bubalus should not be combined.
The ten skulls of Anoa, representing two distinct species, that I have
examined since I published my paper on the buffaloes in these Proceedings
in 1911s all agree in the possession of only two lower premolars, which
seems to be the normal number for these dwarfish Celebesian buffaloes.
It seems quite out of the question, considering this very unusual bovine
dental formula, to do away with Anoa as a valid genus.

— N. Hollister.

lAnn. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, pp. 456-459. December, 1918.

2H. Smith, Griffith's Cuvier's Anim. Kingd., vol. 5, p. 355. 1827.

3Idem, p. 371.

••Cat. Ungulate Mamm. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 40. 1913.

5Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 24, pp. 191-194. June 23, 1911.

13— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (45)

46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

A NEW NAME FOR THE WILD SHEEP OF NORTHEASTERN

CHINA.

The wild sheep of the mountains north of Peking was described and
figured by Peters in 1876 under the name Ovis jubata. This name is pre-
occupied by Ovis aries jubata Kerr, 1792 (Anim. Kingd., p. 330) and Ovis
jubata Fitzinger, 1860 (Wiss.-pop. Naturg. der Saugeth., vol. 5, p. 243).
Lydekker, 1913 (Cat. Ungulate Mamm., vol. 1, p. 96) erroneously adopted
the name Ovis argali mongolica Severtzow, 1873 (Trans. Soc. Nat. Moscou,
vol. 8, art. 2, p. 154) for this mountain sheep, but this name is preoccupied
by the Ovis steatopyga mongolica of Fitzinger, 1860 (Wiss.-pop. Naturg.
der Saugeth., vol. 5, p. 31), and the question of its applicability need not
here be considered. Other names placed with a query by Lydekker in
the synonymy of "mongolica" (Ovis argali dauricus Severtzow and Ovis
darivini Przewalski) are not available for the very distinct sheep described
by Peters. The Ovis jubata of Peters (Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.,
1876, p. 177, pis. 1-4), being without a valid name, may be called Ovis
comosa. — N. Hollister.

THE FAMILY NAME OF THE AMERICAN WOOD WARBLERS.

Under either of the rules that have been advocated for the determination
of family names in zoology, the present designation of the Mniotiltidae
must be changed. For a number of years up to 1838 the birds of this
group were referred to the Paridae or to the Sylviidae without even sub-
family distinction; but in 1838 Bonaparte (Geog. and Comp. List Birds
Europe and North America, p. 20) instituted for them the subfamily
Sylvicolinae, based on the genus Sylvicola Swainson. Some years later
this subfamily was raised to family rank, and thereafter until 1877 it
continued to be known as Sylvicolidae. Since, meanwhile, the generic
name Sylvicola had passed out of use because preoccupied, Mr. Robert
Ridgway, in 1877, changed the family name to Mniotiltidae (U. S. Geol.
Explor. 40th Par., IV, No. 3, 1877, p. 427), based on the genus Mniotilta
Vieillot. If, however, the oldest genus in the family be used as the type
genus, this distinction will fall to Icteria Vieillot (1807), and the family
name will become Icteriidae, which is confusingly near the family name
Icteridae, now in use for the American Orioles or Hangnests. A better
rule, at least in this case, would be to use as a type genus the generic
group first made the basis of the family name. In the family of wood
warblers this is the genus now known as Compsothlypis Cabanis, which,
when called by the preoccupied name Sylvicola Swainson (Philos. Mag.,
new series, I, June, 1827, p. 433, type designated by Swainson [Zool.
Journ., Ill, 1827, p. 169] as Sylvia pusilla Wilson = Compsothlypis ameri-
cana pusilla [Wilson]), was the type genus of the family Sylvicolidae. Our
wood warblers, now called Mniotiltidae, should, therefore, become Comp-
sothlypidae. — Harry C. Oberholser.

General Notes. 47

EUMYIAS VERSUS STOPORALA.

The generic name Eumyias Cabanis has been used by a number of recent
authors instead of Stoparola Blyth, apparently because the latter was
preoccupied by a previous use of the same name for another group. Dr.
C. W. Richmond some time ago called attention (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXXV, December 16, 1908, p. 643) to the use of Stoparola by Blyth for
Muscicapa atricapilla Linnaeus (Stoparola Blyth, in White, Nat. Hist.
Selborne, 1836, p. 119, note); hence, of course, Stoparola as thus spelled
is unavailable for further use for the genus of East Indian flycatchers to
which it commonly applies; and, were there no other prior name, the generic
term Eumyias Cabanis (Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 63) would come into use
for the group. This name Stoparola, as first used in 1836 by Blyth, is not
invalid, as Mr. Stresemann at one time contended (Ornith. Monatsber.,
1913, p. 25; but cf. also Novit. Zool., XXI, No. 1, Feb. 25, 1914), since its
basis is "Stoparola luctuosa, the Pied Flycatcher, Auct." the technical
specific term of which is a well-known synonym of Muscicapa atricapilla
Linnaeus.

In 1845, however, Blyth employed Stoporala, thus spelled (Journ.
Asiatic Soc. Bengal, XVI, 1845, p. 125), in such a way that its type became,
by virtual monotypy, Muscicapa melanops Vigors. Since by the current
rules of nomenclature Stoporala is not invalidated by Stoparola, the former
should henceforth be the generic designation of the group of flycatchers
congeneric with Muscicapa melanops Vigors, and hitherto called Stoparola.

— Harry C. Oberholser.

PASSERHERBULUS LECONTEII (AUDUBON) BECOMES PAS-
SERHERBULUS CAUDACUTUS (LATHAM).

A number of years ago (The Auk, XIV, No. 3, July, 1897, p. 320), Mr.
Ridgway identified the Fringilla caudacuta of Latham (Index Ornith., I,
1790, p. 459), described from the interior of Georgia, as an earlier name
for the bird then called Ammodramus leconteii (now Passerherbulus lecon-
teii). Since, however, this was preoccupied by Oriolus caudacutus Gmelin
(Syst. Nat., I, pt. 1, 1788, p. 394), then called Ammodramus caudacutus
(Gmelin) (now Ammospiza caudacuta), so long as the two were in the
same genus, Mr. Ridgway very properly relegated it to synonymy. When
the present writer removed Passerherbulus caudacutus (Gmelin) to the
genus Ammospiza (Ohio Journ. Science, XVII, No. 8, June 2, 1917, pp.
333-334), he overlooked this note of Mr. Ridgway's. Now, however,
since Fringilla caudacuta Latham and Oriolus caudacutus Gmelin are not
homonyms, do not apply to birds in the same generic group, and are the
earliest names of their respective species, both are available. Mr. Ridg-
way's identification of Fringilla caudacuta Latham is without doubt
correct, and, since this is the case, there is apparently no reason for its
rejection. This necessitates an unfortunate change by which Passer-
herbulus leconteii must be known by a generic and specific combination,
Passerherbulus caudacutus, which has been applied in recent years to
another closely allied species. — Harry C. Oberholser.

48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

THE PROPER ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE GENERIC NAME
PHOETHORNIS SWAINSON.
The generic name of the well-known group of hummingbirds known as
Phoethornis Swainson (Zool. Journ., Ill, November, 1827, p. 357; type,
Trochilus superciliosus Linnaeus), is so often spelled as above written
that it seems worth while to call attention to the fact that the earliest and
therefore proper orthography of the name is Phaethornis, since Swainson
wrote it thus {Phaethornis Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., I, No. VI,
June, 1827, p. 441; type by original designation and monotypy, Trochilus
superciliosus Linnaeus) in an incidental introduction of the name when
treating a species of another genus in his now famous paper in the Philo-
sophical Magazine, which antedated by a few months his intendedly prior
article in the Zoological Journal. — Harry C. Oberholser.

THE STATUS OF THE SUBFAMILY NAME FULIGULINAE.

The subfamily name Fuligulinae has been continued in use, notwith-
standing the fact that the generic name Fuligula Stephens (1824), from
which it is derived, has been supplanted by Marila Oken (1817). A family
or subfamily name, however, based on a generic name that has fallen into
synonymy must, of course, be replaced; hence, while we continue, even if
inadvisedly, to employ the name Marila instead of Fuligula for the Scaup
Ducks and their allies, we must replace the subfamily name Fuligulinae
by Marilinae. — Harry C. Oberholser.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO
"A LIST OF FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES OF ICHNEUMON-
FLIES OR THE SUPER FAMILY ICHNEUMONOIDEA
(HYMENOPTERA)."1

Since the above work was published, Dr. Harry C. Oberholser has called
my attention to three subfamily names that are untenable according to the
oldest genus method of forming family and subfamily names. I take this
opportunity to correct some typographical and other errors in the same
work.

Page 69 — next to last line change Aphastobraconini to Aphrastobraconini.
Page 70 — should read (Dacnusinae cresson) = Coeliniinae, new subfamily

(Coelinius Nees, etc.), should read Paxylomma Brebisson

instead of Paxylomma Prebisson; (Euphorinae Cresson) =

Perilitinae, new subfamily (Perilitus Nees, etc.).
Page 71 — for subfamify Pambolinae read subfamily Pambolinae, for Evenia

read Evania, for Asphidius read Aphidius.
Page 72 — for subfamjly Nesomesochorinae read subfamily Nesomeso-

chorinae, under subfamily Hymenopharsalinae, include (Hy-

menopharsalia Morley).
Page 73 — should read (Ctenopelminae, new subfamily) = Eucerinae new

subfamily (Euceros Gravenhorst, etc.), change Accoenites to

Acoenites.

Page 74 — change Ambytelinae to Amblytelinae.

— Henry L. Viereck.

iProo. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31 (69-74), 1918.

Vol. 32, pp. 49-74 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THK

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A LIST OF THE FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA.
BY HENRY W. FOWLER.1

The present paper is a summary of the data accumulated
during the past twenty years, presented in condensed form, so
that the distribution of each species may be traced so far as
present details permit. For this reason they are arranged ac-
cording to the various hydrographic basins with only the
counties mentioned, additional records, where noteworthy, being
supplied in parentheses. The work is therefore intended as a
slight contribution to the distribution of our local fishes.

Like many departments of natural history the founding of
the binomial system by Carl von Linne in 1758 first establishes
several fishes from Philadelphia. Alexander Wilson contributes
the first notice of shad and alewife in the article on ichthyology
in Ree's Encyclopaedia, to which he secured an assistant editor-
ship in 1806. His article was published about 1812. Charles
Alexandre Le Sueur is the first to carefully study the fishes of
this State, much of his material doubtless having been secured
near Philadelphia. He is credited with sixteen of our species,
while eight other names he proposes are synonyms. Con-
stantine Samuel Rafinesque described many of our species in
his Ichtlyologia Ohiensis. The localities given are seldom
definite and usually would apply to the entire Ohio basin. He
has described twenty-three of our species, besides fourteen
synonyms.

Several of our species are also described by Achille Valen-
ciennes, in colaboration with Baron Cuvier, in the great Histoire
Naturelle des Poissons. Samuel Stehman Haldeman studied the
fauna of the lower Susquehanna, though his contributions to
ichthyology are rather incidental. He was signally unfortunate

i Published by permission of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
14— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919, (49)

50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

in that the four species he described were all anticipated.
Charles Girard was a frequent contributor to North American
ichthyology, and though he described two species from our
limits both are synonyms. Spencer Fullerton Baird published
a few notes on Pennsylvania fishes and the only one he described
added another synonym to our well known fall-fish.

The serious study of Pennsylvania fishes, however, begins
with Edward Drinker Cope in his elaborate memoir the "Synop-
sis of the Cyprinidae of Pennsylvania."1 Later he attempted
"The Fishes of Pennsylvania,"2 intended as a partly popular
descriptive catalogue, apparently modeled from Jordan's
Manual of Vertebrates. This work, likely valuable at the time
of its publication, is chiefly useful for the notes on habits, etc.
Cope described fourteen valid species and five synonyms. In
this connection mention should be made of Jacob Stauffer, of
Lancaster, who discovered two interesting fishes in his region,
which were described by Cope. Stauffer's only contribution
appears as his fist of the fishes of Lancaster County.3 This
work is often faulty in the obscurity of determinations of many
species. For instance, our common white catfish is described no
less than three times. Tarleton Hoffman Bean gives a descrip-
tive account4 somewhat like Cope's. It is similarly marred by
the inclusion of a number of species native to regions adjacent
to Pennsylvania, but never actually taken in the State limits.

Among living writers Evermann and Bollman5 publish an
important account of Monongahela River fishes in 1885.6 In
1902 Ross gives an account of twenty-five Center County
fishes,7 largely of an economic nature. His Minytrema melanops,
Leuciscus margarita and Hybopsis dissimilis are important addi-
tions, and listed without comment or details of satisfactory com-
parison they may be dropped.

Below follows a list of my own papers:

iTr. Amer. Philos. Soc, XIII, 1869, pp. 35-399, PI. 10-13.

2Rep. State. Comm. Fisher., 1879-80 (1881), pp. 59-145, figs. 1-44.

3 In Mombert's Hist. Lancaster County, Pa. 1868.

4The Fishes of Pennsylvania. Rep. State Comm. Fisher., 1889-91 (1892), pp. 1-149,
Pis. 1-35.

BBollman died of fever contracted in Georgia swamps, 1889.

«Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), pp. 335-340.

^Studies of Fishes of Central Pennsylvania. Rep. State Comm. Fisher., 1902, pp. Ill—
124.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 51

1905. Exoglossum in the Delaware. < Science, XXI, June 30, 1905, p.
994.

1906. Notes on Pennsylvania Fishes. < Amer. Nat., XL, 1906, pp.
595-6.

Pimephales in the Susquehanna. < L. c, p. 743.

Fishes in Winter. < Forest and Stream, LXIX, December 28,

1906, p. 1022.

1907. Records of Pennsylvania Fishes. < Amer. Nat., XLI, January,

1907, pp. 5-21, fig. 1.

190S. Fishes of Bristol. < Bucks County Gazette, December 25, 1908.
(Popular newspaper account, with list.)

1909. A Synopsis of the Cyprinidae of Pennsylvania. < Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1908 (Feb. 2, 1909), pp. 517-553, PI. 27.

1910. Note on some Pennsylvania Fishes. < Science, XXXI, March 4,
1910, pp. 345-6. (List of some Indiana County species.)

Note on the distribution of some Pennsylvania Fishes. < L. c,

XXXII, December 23, 1910, pp. 926-7. (Few species from Altoona and
Easton.)

1912. Records of Fishes for the Middle Atlantic States and Virginia. <
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, pp. 34-59, 2 figs. (Pennsylvania,
pp. 41-50.)

Some Features of Ornamentation in Fresh-water Fishes. < Amer.

Nat., XLVI, 1912, pp. 470-6, figs. 1-21. (On spawning cyprinoids
and catostomoids.)

Hermaphrodite Shad in the Delaware. < Science, XXXVI, July 5,

1912, pp. 18-19.
1914. Some Local Fish-eating Birds. < Cassinia, 1913 (March, 1914),
pp. 6-16.

Fishes in Polluted Waters. < Copeia, April 15, 1914, No. 5. (List

of species in the Schuylkill tidal.)

Fishes of the Poquessing Creek. < Aquarium Notes and News, I,

No. 4, April, 1914, pp. 35-6.

— Description of a new Blenny from New Jersey, with notes on other
fishes from the Middle Atlantic States. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1914 (June 24), pp. 342-358, 1 fig. (Pennsylvania, pp. 346-353.)

— Hadropterus peltatus in the Delaware. < Science, XL, December

25, 1914, pp. 939-940.

1915. An Annotated List of the Cold-blooded Vertebrates of Delaware
County, Pennsylvania. < Proc. Del. Co. Inst. Science, VII, No. 2,
June, 1915, pp. 1-13. (Fishes, pp. 1-8.)

Fishes of the Neshaminy Creek Tidal Region. < Aquar. Notes and

News, II, No. 6, June, 1915, pp. 49-51.

1916. The River Fishes of Upper Philadelphia. < L. c, III, No. 4, April
1916, pp. 28-30.

The Fishes of Pennypack Creek in Upper Philadelphia. < L. c,

III, No. 8, October 1916, pp. 60-64.

1917. Fishes found in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, during 1915 and 1916.
< L. c, IV, No. 2, February, 1917, pp. 11-15.

52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Notes on the Spawning-habits of our Lampreys. < L. c, IV, No.

4, April, 1917, pp. 28-32.

— Notes on Fishes from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. <
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917 (April 24), pp. 108-126. (Pennsyl-
vania, pp. 115-122.)

— Fish Life of Mill Creek, a Delaware tributary. < Bristol Daily

Courier, X, April 23, 1917. (Popular newspaper article.)
— Spawning Habits of Local Fishes, No. 1. < Aquar. Notes and News,
IV, No. 5, May, 1917, pp. 37-40, 1 fig.

Spawning Habits of Local Fishes. No. 2. < L. c, IV, No. 7,

September, 1917, pp. 52-56.
1918. Fishes from the Middle Atlantic States and Virginia. < Occas.

Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 56, May 6, 1918, pp. 1-19, Pis.

1-2. (Pennsylvania, pp. 8-14.)
The Fishes of Perry County, Pennsylvania. < Copeia, November

21, 1918, No. 63, pp. 89-91.

PETROMYZONID^}.
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Lamprey.

In the Delaware basin (Douglasville) Berks, (Neshaminy Falls and
George School) Bucks, (Stock Grange, French Creek?) Chester, North-
ampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin (Athens and Sayre) Bradford, (Emporium) Cameron,
(Harrisburg) Dauphin, (Marietta, McCall's Ferry, Peach Bottom, Pequea,
Safe Harbor) Lancaster, (Newton Hamilton) Mifflin, (Marysville) Perry
and (Peach Bottom, York Furnace) York Counties.

Ichthyomyzon concolor (Rutland). Silvery Lamprey.
(Conemaugh River formerly and Two Lick Creek) Indiana and McKean
Counties. Lake Erie?

Entosphenus aepypterus (Abbott). Brook Lamprey.
Delaware basin in (Red Clay Creek near Kennett Square and White
Clay Creek near Leonard) Chester County.
Elk basin, (Elk View?) Chester County.
Susquehanna basin in Cameron County.

Ohio basin (Pittsburg) Allegheny, Indiana and (Seven Bridges) Potter
Counties.

ACIPENSERIDjE.
Acipenser sturio Linnaeus. Sturgeon.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware, Northampton and Philadelphia
Counties, now rare Susquehanna basin (reported at Coxtown in 18441)
Dauphin and (Fite's Eddy, Marietta, McCall's Ferry, Peach Bottom and
Safe Harbor) Lancaster Counties.

Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque. Lake Sturgeon.
Ohio basin (Pittsburgh formerly) Allegheny, (Foxburg and mouth of
1 Forest and Stream, XXXIV, March 20, 1890, p. 171.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 53

Clarion River) Clarion, (Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas Rivers formerly)
Indiana and (Tedionte and Warren) Warren Counties.
Erie basin, (Massassauga Point) Erie County.

Acipenser brevirostrum Le Sueur. Short-nosed Sturgeon.

Delaware basin in Bucks and Philadelphia Counties. Le Sueur's type1
is still in the Academy and agrees with several examples I examined in the
field.

Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque). Shovel-nosed Sturgeon.
Though the late Dr. Bean mentions2 that "in the large tributaries of the
Ohio, in western Pennsylvania, the species is very common," the original
account by Rafinesque3 contains our only definite record.

POLYODONTID^.

Polyodon spathula (Walbaum). Paddle Fish.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, (Foxburg and Clarion River formerly) Clarion,
(Conemaugh River formerly at Blairsville) Indiana, McKean and (Tedionte
and Warren) Warren Comities.

LEPISOSTEID.E.
Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus). Long-nosed Gar-pike.

Delaware basin in Bucks, (Chester) Delaware, Monroe and Philadelphia
Counties.

Susquehanna basin (Marietta, Safe Harbor) Lancaster and (Peach
Bottom) York Counties.

Ohio basin (Foxburg) Clarion, (Conneaut Lake) Crawford, (Conemaugh
River formerly) Indiana and Warren Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Lepisosteus platostomus (Rafinesque). Short-nosed Gar-pike.

Known from Rafinesque's original account4 which says "as far as Pitts-
burgh in the Allegheny River." Reported to me at Erie.

AMIATIDiE.
Amiatus calvus (Linnaeus). Bowfin.
A "dog fish" reported at Allegheny City5 is the only record I have for
the Ohio basin, though I found it abundant at Erie. Stauffer mentions an
example from the Susquehanna at Safe Harbor,6 likely an introduction?

HIODONTID^.

Hiodon alveoides (Rafinesque). Gold-eye.

Known from Cope's Beaver and Youghiogheny River examples which
I reported.7

lProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 604, PI. 38, fig. 1.

2Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1889-91 (1892), p. 5.

3Ich. Ohien., 1820, p. 80. Seldom reaching as high as Pittsburgh in the Ohio River.

4Ich. Ohien., 1820, p. 72.

SForest and Stream, VIII, May 24, 1877, p. 243.

6Amer. Nat., XIII, 1879, p. 525.

7Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 204.

54 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Hiodon tergisus Le Sueur. Moon-eye.

Originally described from the Ohio at Pittsburgh,1 though no recent
records given. I found it at Erie.

DOROSOMID.E.
Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur). Mud-shad.
Only recorded from the tidal of the Delaware basin, (Andalusia) Bucks,
Chester, Delaware and (Bridesburg, Tacony) Philadelphia Counties. Le
Sueur originally2 obtained it in the "market of Philadelphia."

CLUPEIDjE.
Pomolobus chrysochloris Rafinesque. Inland Alewife.
Known from Rafinesque's original account,3 which gives it from the Ohio
River and also says "it seldom goes as far as Pittsburgh." "Herring" re-
ported formerly in (the Conemaugh River) Indiana County were likely this
species.

Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). Fall Herring.

I have no local material though include this species provisionally, or
only on reports of its occurrence in the Delaware River tidal of Bucks
County at Tullytown. In late October, 1906, a school of about fifty large
examples were reported at this point. When swimming at the surface they
produced quite a disturbance, somewhat like a school of menhaden. About
eight were taken on hooks baited with our common river killifishes (Fun-
dulus), which were fastened to the hook by the upper jaw. When opened
the herring were found more or less gorged with killifish. They took the
bait with a rush and greatly interested the local anglers who called them
"jacks" or "skipjacks." They remained until November. A large herring
taken at the same place in December, 1912, was doubtless the same species

Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Alewife.

Delaware basin, (New Hope) Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.

Susquehanna basin, (Harrisburg) Dauphin, (reported at Clarke's Ferry
dam in North Branch4) Lackawanna, (Bainbridge, Fite's Eddy, Marietta,
McCall's Ferry, Pequea, Safe Harbor) Lancaster, (Marysville) Perry and
(McCall's Ferry, Peach Bottom and York Furnace) York Counties.

Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Summer Herring.

Only found in the Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia
Counties.

lAs Hiodon tergisus Le Sueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, pt. 2, 1818, p. 366, and
H. clodalus Le Sueur, 1. c, p. 367. Rafinesque next names it Hyodon vernalis in Ich. Ohien.,
1820, p. 43.

2 As Megalops cepediana in 1. c., p. 361.

3Rafinesque, 1. c, p. 38.

*Foreat and Stream, LXVII, November 3, 1906, p. 701.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 55

Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad.

Delaware basin (Andalusia, Biles Creek, Dunk's Ferry, New Hope,
Scott's Creek, Uhlertown, Yardley) Bucks, (Long Ford, Ming and mouth
of French Creeks, Perkiomen, Phcenixville all formerly) Chester, Dela-
ware, (Delaware Water Gap) Monroe, (Easton formerly) Northampton,
(Manayunk, Port Providence, Valley Forge all formerly) Montgomery,
Philadelphia, (Bushkill, Conashaugh, Delaware, Egypt Mills, Matamoras,
Milford, Shohola) Pike and (Damascus, Hancock, Millanville) Wayne
Counties.

Susquehanna basin (Browntown, Sayre, Towanda) Bradford, (Beach
Haven, Berwick, Bloomfield) Columbia, (Harrisburg) Dauphin, (Bain-
bridge, Columbia, Creswell, Fite's Eddy, Marietta, Peach Bottom, Pequea,
Safe Harbor, Washington Borough) Lancaster, (Hemlock Creek, Nanti-
coke, Pittston, Shickhinny, Wilkes Barre all formerly) Luzerne, (Long
Level, Northumberland) Northumberland, (Duncannon, Newport) Perry,
(Keelersburg, Meshoppen, Tunckhannock) Wyoming and (East Prospect,
Long Level, York Furnace) York Counties.

Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden.
Valenciennes early mentions it as abundant in the markets of New York
and Philadelphia, and later Cope says it ascends the Delaware for a short
distance in our limits. I have it from the New Jersey shore at Washington
Park in August, 1908, and since then small examples have been found in
Bucks (far as Dunk's Ferry) and Philadelphia Counties.

SALMONID.E.
Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill). Whitefish.
Abundant at Erie.

Leucichthys sisco (Jordan). Sisco.
Known from Erie examples reported by Jordan and Evermann.1

Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur). Lake Erie Herring.
Abundant at Erie.

Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum). Lake Trout.
Erie County. Introduced in the Delaware and Susquehanna basins.

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchilll). Brook Trout.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lackawanna, Leba-
non, Lehigh, Montgomery, Monroe, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike,
Schuylkill and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Center, Clear-
field, Clinton, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Elk, Fulton, Huntingdon,
Juniata, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin,
Perry, Potter, Schuylkill, Somerset, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Wayne, Wyo-
ming and York Counties.

iBull. Bur. Fisher., XXIX, 1909, p. 12, fig. 6 (type) and PI. 2, as L. sisco huronius.

56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Potomac basin in Adams, Franklin, Fulton and Somerset Counties.
Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Erie, Fayette, Forrest, Indiana, McKean, Lawrence,
Potter, Somerset, Warren and Westmoreland Counties.
Erie basin in Erie County.

ARGENTINIID.E.

Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). Smelt.

Delaware tidal in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties. Besides
the types of O. sergenti Norris1 many examples in the markets examined,
but the latter largely imported.

ICTALURID.E.

Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes). Chuckle-head Cat.

Reported from the Monongahela River by Evermann and Bollman.2

Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Spotted Cat.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Clarion, (Blairsville formerly) Indiana
and Westmoreland Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County. Possibly the alleged A. nigricans (Le Sueur)
is not distinct from the present species. The late Dr. Bean says "Erie re-
ceives its supply of catfish from fishermen who operate in the lake from
Erie to Elk Creek, with set-lines during the summer months." A number
of catfish in the markets and fisheries at Erie were examined and all of the
fork-tailed forms were the spotted cat. All had the predorsal bony bridge
complete and but few were without spots.

Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus). White Cat.

Delaware basin in Bucks, (Brandywine Creek) Chester, Delaware and
(League Island) Philadelphia Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and (Peach Bottom) York Counties.

Ameiurus natalis (Le Sueur). Yellow Cat.

Only met with by me at Erie. Not found east of the Alleghanies in our
limits, though in the Ohio basin early recorded as far as Pittsburgh.3

Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur). Common Cat.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lebanon,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Pike and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cambria, Center,
Chester, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Fulton, Juniata, Lackawanna,
Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour, Northumber-
land, Perry, Snyder, Somerset, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga, Wayne,
Wyoming and York Counties.

iProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 93. Schuylkill below Fairmount dam. Brandy-
wine Creek.

*Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 336.
3Pimelodus cupreus Rafinesque, Ich. Ohien., 1820, p. 65.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 57

Northeast River basin in Chester County.

Potomac basin in Franklin, Fulton and Somerset Counties.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Crawford, Indiana, Jeffer-
son, Lawrence, McKean, Somerset, Venango, Warren and Westmoreland
Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque). Black Cat.
Abundant and frequently marketed at Erie.

Ameiurus nigrilabris (Cope). Blind Cat.
Only known from the types,1 procured in the Conestoga Creek, tributary
to the Susquehanna. Originally placed in a separate genus on account of
the rudimentary eyes, though otherwise very close to A. 7iebulosus.

Leptops olivaris (Rafinesque). Mud Cat.
Known from Cope's material I reported from the Youghiogheny River.2

Noturus flavus Rafinesque. Stone Cat.
Reported from Pigeon Creek by Evermann and Bollman3 and I have
it from the Youghiogheny River and Indiana County.

Schilbeodes gyrinus (Mitchill). Tadpole Cat.
Many examples from the Delaware basin in Bucks. Lehigh and Phila-
delphia Counties, and the Genesee basin in Potter County.

Schilbeodes insignis (Richardson). Margined Cat.

Delaware basin in Bucks, (Jordan Creek near Helfrich's Spring) Lehigh,
Montgomery, Monroe, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne
Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Center, Cumberland,
(Columbia, Fite's Eddy, Marietta) Lancaster, Sullivan and( Peach Bottom,
Sowego Creek) York Counties.

Schilbeodes miurus (Jordan). Brindled Cat.
Recorded by McConnell4 from Indiana County. I have been unable
to examine the material on which this record is based.

CYPRINID.E.
Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). Stone Roller.

Susquehanna basin in Columbia County.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Indiana, Lawrence and McKean
Counties.

iGronias nigrilabris Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI, 1864, p. 231.

2Amer. Nat.. XLI, 1907, p. 14.

3Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., III. 1883-5 (1886), p. 335.

«Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1905, p. 179.

58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque). Red-bellied Dace.

Only known from Cope's material obtained in the Kiskiminitas River,
which I reported recently.1

Chrosomus erythrogaster eos (Cope). Eastern Red-bellied Dace.
Known only from Cope's types,2 obtained in Meshoppen Creek, Susque-
hanna basin, in September, 1861, and of them but three now extant.

Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz. Silvery Minnow.
Reported from the Ohio basin by Cope,3 though I have no material.

Hybognathus nuchalis regius (Girard). Eastern Silvery Minnow.
Only in the Delaware tidal in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.

Hybognathus nuchalis argyritis (Girard). Blunt-jawed Silvery Minnow.
Known from Cope's material from the Kiskiminitas I recently noticed.4

Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Black-headed Minnow.
I met with it in the Ohio basin of McKean County.

Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque). Blunt-nosed Minnow.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Lehigh and Montgomery Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Lebanon, Dauphin, Snyder and York
Counties.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Clarion, Indiana, McKean and Westmoreland
Counties.

Semotilus bullaris (Rafinesque). Fall Fish.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe,
Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Bradford, Cambria, Chester, Clinton,
Cumberland, Huntingdon, Lancaster, Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour,
Potter, Somerset, Wayne and York Counties.

Potomac basin in Franklin and Somerset Counties.

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Creek Chub.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe,
Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne Counties.

North East basin in Chester County.

Potomac basin in Franklin and Somerset Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Chester, Clinton, Colum-
bia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon,

iProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908 (1909), p. 519.
2C. eos Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 523.
3Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1879-80 (1881), p. 91.
*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908 (1909), p. 521.
»L. c, p. 522. Port Allegany.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 59

Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour, Perry, Potter, Snyder, Somerset, Sullivan,
Wayne and York Counties.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Armstrong, Cambria, Clarion, Fayette, Indiana,
Jefferson, McKean, Potter. Somerset, Warren and Westmoreland Counties.

Leuciscus margarita (Cope). Pearl Dace.

One of Cope's six examples, originally obtained in the Conestoga near
Lancaster,1 remains in the Academy. Ross records this species from Center
County,2 though I have been unable to examine his material.

Leuciscus carletoni Kendall. Carleton's Dace.

A single example I obtained in high color July 23, 1899, in McKean
County at Cole Grove, is interesting as a new addition to the fauna.3 It
was captured in a small mountain-stream, the surface of which was largely
covered with petroleum, so that the fish was not discovered until taken
out of the water in a net. Associated were a number of other small fishes
as creek chubs, silver-fins and cut-lips. Though I wrongly identified the
present example as the pearl dace, as indicated below, it agrees in every
way with the present species.

Leuciscus vandoisulus Valenciennes. Rosy-sided Dace.

Delaware, Elk and North East basins in Chester County.
Susquehanna basin in Cameron, Chester and Lancaster Counties.

Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland). Slender Dace.
Ohio basin in Crawford, Indiana and McKean Counties.

Abramis crysoleucas (Mitchill). Roach.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lebanon, Lehigh,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Cameron, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Mifflin, Sulli-
van and York Counties.

Ohio basin in Clarion and Elk Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Ceratichthys vigilax Baird and Girard. Cliola Minnow.
Recorded from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman.4

Notropis bifrenatus (Cope). Bridled Minnow.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Mont-
gomery, Northampton and Philadelphia Counties.
Susquehanna basin in York and Lancaster Counties.

IClinostomus margarita Cope, Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc, (2) XIII, 1866, p. 377, fig. (teeth),
PI. 13, fig. 1.

2Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1902, p. 114.

3L. margarita (non Cope) Fowler, Science, XXXI, March 4, 1910, p. 346.

«Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 336.

60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Notropis deliciosus (Girard). Straw-colored Minnow.

Recorded from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman,1 and I
have it from Indiana County.

Notropis procne (Cope). Swallow Minnow.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and
Philadelphia Counties.

Elk and North East basins in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Snyder and York Counties.

Notropis boops Gilbert. Big-eyed Minnow.
I obtained it at Foxburg in Clarion County.2

Notropis keimi Fowler. Allegheny Minnow.
Only the types obtained in the Allegheny basin.3

Notropis hudsonius (Clinton). Spawn-eater.

Ohio basin in the Monongahela River and McKean County. Erie basin
in Erie County.

Notropis hudsonius amarus (Girard). Eastern Spawn-eater.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomery,
Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Center, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Snyder and York Counties.

Notropis whipplii (Girard). Silver-fin.
Ohio basin in the Kiskiminitas and Youghiogheny Rivers, and McKean
County. Erie basin in Erie County.

Notropis whipplii analostanus (Girard). Eastern Silver-fin.

Delaware basin, Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh,
Montgomery, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Columbia, Dauphin, Huntingdon,
Lancaster, Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna, Wyoming and
York Counties.

Notropis cornutus (Mitchill). Red-fin.

Delaware Basin in Berks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe,
Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Bedford, Berks, Cameron, Chester, Columbia,
Cumberland, Center, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming,
Perry, Sullivan, Snyder, Susquehanna, Wyoming and York Counties.

iL. c.

^Science, XXXI, March 4, 1910, p. 338.

sProc. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila., 1908 (1909), p. 533, PI. 27.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 61

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Clarion, Indiana, Lawrence, McKcan and Warren Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Nolropis chalybaeus (Cope). Iron-colored Minnow.
Originally described from the Schuylkill near Conshohocken1 and I
obtained it in the Delaware basin in Bucks, Montgomery and Northampton
Counties.

Notropis jejunus (Jordan). Hungry Minnow.
Reported from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman.2

Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque. Emerald Minnow.
The Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman, and I have it from the
Beaver River, Indiana and Erie Counties.

Notropis photogenis (Cope). Arrow Minnow.

Two of the types from the Youghiogheny River3 and an example from
Indiana County examined.

Notropis photogenis amoenus (Abbott). Attractive Minnow.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Monroe, Montgomery and Philadelphia
Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Center, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Perry, Snyder and York Counties.

Notropis dilectus rubrifrons (Cope). Red-faced Minnow.
The types4 and Indiana County examples.

Ericymba buccata Cope. Scalloped Minnow.

The types8 and Indiana County material examined. Both this and the
preceding recorded from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman.

Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes). Long-nosed Dace.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Carbon, Chester, (Hosensack) Lehigh and
Northampton Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Blair, Cameron, Center, Columbia, Cumberland,
Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Perry and Snyder Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Ohio basin in Fayette and Indiana Counties.

Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill). Black-nosed Dace.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware. Lehigh, Monroe,
Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.
Elk and North East basins in Chester County.

iHybopsis chalybaeus Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, (2), XIII, 1869, p. 383.

2 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 338.

sSqualuis photogenis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 280.

*Alburnus rubrifrons Cope, 1. c, 1865, p. 85.

*L. c, p. 88.

62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Columbia, Chester, Center,
Cumberland, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Luzerne, Mifflin, Perry, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan and York Counties.

Potomac basin in Fulton County.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Beaver, Fayette, Indiana, McKean, Potter. Somerset,
Warren and Westmoreland Counties.

Rhinichthys bowersi Goldsborough and Clark,1 from the Ohio basin of
West Virginia appears only a local variety. A number of specimens from
many of the above listed districts show even greater ranges of variation,
with many details in extremes of other characters in combination. The
fact of the lesser row of teeth, for instance, being absent or consisting only
of a single tooth is a very variable condition.

Hybopsis dissimilis (Rutland). Spotted Chub.

Cope's material from the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers ex-
amined.

Hybopsis storerianus (Kirtland). Storer's Chub.
Evermann and Bollman report it from the Monongahela.2

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque). Horned Chub.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Cameron, Center, Dauphin, Lancaster,
Lebanon, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna and York Counties.

Ohio basin in Beaver, Fayette, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean, Warren
and Westmoreland Counties.

No definite record has been given for the Delaware, where it likely does
not occur. Possibly H. dissimilis Ross is the present species.

Exoglossum maxillingua (Le Sueur). Cut-lips.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware and Montgomery
Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Center, Columbia, Cum-
berland, Dauphin, Juniata, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Snyder, Sullivan
and York Counties.

Ohio basin in McKean County.

CATOSTOMIDiE.

Cycleptus elongatus (Le Sueur). Black-horse.

Mentioned by Rafinesque in the Ohio as far as Pittsburgh,3 and Cope
reports it from the Allegheny. An example obtained by Cope from the
Kiskiminitas River is doubtless partly the basis of his record and the only
one from our limits I examined.

iBull. Bur. Fisher., XXVII, 1907 (March 14, 1908), p. 36, fig.
2Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1S86), p. 339.
sichth. Ohien., 1820, p. 60.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 63

Amblodon bubalus Rafinesque. Small-mouth Buffalo.
Reported by Rafinesque, who says it comes as far as Pittsburgh.1 No
other records have been given, though doubtless it may have been found
in the Allegheny, at least until recently.

Carpiodes carpio Rafinesque. Carp Sucker.
Known from two of Cope's examples I reported2 from the Beaver River.

Carpiodes thompsoni Agassiz. Lake Carp Sucker.
Found at Erie by the writer 1912-1914.

Carpiodes cyprinus (Le Sueur). Eastern Carp Sucker.
Found at several localities in the Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and
York Counties. Not certainly known from the Delaware in our limits.

Carpiodes difformis Cope. Snub-nose Carp Sucker.

A small example obtained by Cope in the Youghiogheny River reported
by the writer.3

Carpiodes cutisanserinus Cope. Rough-nose Carp Sucker.
Only known from the type taken in the Kiskiminitas River.4

Carpiodes velifer (Rafinesque). Quill-back.
Besides Rafinesque's original record from the Ohio River to Pittsburgh.6
Evermann and Bollman obtained it in the Monongahela and I have two
examples obtained in the Youghiogheny by Cope.

Catostomus catostomus (Forster). Long-nose Sucker.

Jordan records it from the Youghiogheny River,6 though this material
I have not seen.

Catostomus commersonnii (Lacepede). Common Sucker.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne
Counties.

North East basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Bedford. Berks. Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Center,
Chester, Clinton, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Fulton, Juniata, Lack-
awanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder,
Susquehanna, Wyoming and York Counties.

Potomac basin in Franklin and Fulton Counties.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Clarion, Fayette, Forest,

1L. c, p. 55.

2Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, p. 46.
3Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, p. 46.
4Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XI, 1870, p. 481.
5Ich. Ohien., 1820, p. 56.
6Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 12, 1878, p. 175.

64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Indiana, McKean, Somerset, Venango, Warren and Westmoreland
Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur. Black Sucker.

Delaware basin in Lehigh County, likely introduced?

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Chester, Dauphin, Lan-
caster, Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder and York Counties.

Ohio basin in Beaver, Clarion, Indiana, Lawrence, Warren and West-
moreland Counties.

Erimyzon sucetta oblongus (Mitcbill). Chub Sucker.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Mont-
gomery, Northampton and Philadelphia Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Blair, Cameron, Center, Columbia, Cumberland,
Dauphin, Lancaster, Mifflin, Sullivan and York Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Moxostoma anisurum (Rafinesque). White-nose Red-horse.

The original account by Rafinesque1 mentions it from the Ohio and large

streams far as Pittsburgh. Cope later describes it from the Youghiogheny

River,2 and these types, together with Beaver River material, I have

examined. McConnell has reported it from Jamestown in Mercer County.3

Moxostoma aureolum Le Sueur. Red-horse.
Ohio basin in Beaver, Indiana and Westmoreland Counties.
Erie basin in Erie County.

Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Le Sueur). Eastern Red-horse.

Delaware basin in Philadelphia County, where rare.
Susquehanna basin in Cumberland, Lancaster and York Counties.

Moxostoma breviceps (Cope). Long- tailed Red-horse.
The type from the Youghiogheny and Erie examples examined.

Moxostoma duquesnii (Le Sueur). Fine-scaled Red-horse.

Le Sueur originally had it from the Ohio at Pittsburgh.4 Cope obtained
an example in the Youghiogheny and one in the Beaver River in 1880.
These and a small example from Indiana County constitute my material.

Placopharynx carinatus Cope. Big-toothed Sucker.
Gunther records it from the Youghiogheny6 and I have Cope's Beaver
River material.

Hch. Ohien., 1820, p. 54.

tPtychostomus velatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XI, 1870, p. 470.

3Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1905 p. 178.

iCatostomus duquesnii Le Sueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1817, p. 105.

6 As C. duquesnii (non Le Sueur) Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., VII, 1868, p. 18.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 65

ANGUILLID.E.

Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Eel.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne
Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Clear-
field, Clinton, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Luzerne, Lycoming,
Mifflin, Montour, Potter, Perry, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Wyoming and
York Counties.

Potomac basin in Somerset County.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Cambria, Clarion, Indiana, Potter, Somerset
and Warren Counties.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Erie basin in Erie County.

ESOCID^E.
Esox americanus (Gmelin). Banded Pickerel.
Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Chester, Columbia, Cumberland,
Elk, Fulton, Huntingdon, Lancaster, Luzerne, Lycoming, Montour, North-
umberland, Perry and York Counties.

Esox vermiculatus Valenciennes. Western Pickerel.

Ohio basin in Armstrong, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Indiana, McKean,
Mercer and Venango Counties.

Esox tridecemlineatus Mitchill. Chain Pickerel.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, Philadelphia, Pike
and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Bradford, Center, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumber-
land, Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Sullivan, Susquehanna, and Wyom-
ing Counties. Introduced in Lake Erie.

Esox lucius Linnaeus. Pike.

Ohio basin in Clarion, Indiana, Mercer, McKean, Warren and West-
moreland Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Esox masquinongy Mitchill. Muskallunge.

Ohio basin in Beaver, Clarion, Crawford and Warren Counties.
Erie basin in Erie County. Introduced in the Delaware basin of Wayne
County.

UMBRID.E.

Umbra limi (Kirtland). Western Mud Minnow.

Known from my examples obtained at Meadeville in Crawford County.1

iProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 47.

66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Umbra pygmaea (De Kay). Eastern Mud Minnow.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties. Shu-
feldt recently describes U. pygmcea bilineata as a new form, from the
tributaries of Chesapeake Bay, which I have discussed elsewhere.1

POECILIIDiE.
Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Walbaum). Mummichog.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.

Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Barred Killifish.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Berks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Mont-
gomery, Northampton and Philadelphia Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Center, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster,
Lebanon, Snyder and York Counties.

Fundulus diaphanus menona (Jordan and Copeland). Menona Killifish.
My examples from the Allegheny River near Warren and at Erie.

BELONIDjE.
Strongylura marina (Walbaum) Green Gar.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and York Counties.

Strongylura acus (Lacepede). Houndfish.
A single example in the Academy obtained by E. D. Cope in the lower
Susquehanna, within our limits, is an addition to the State's fauna. No
exact locality is given. The specimen is 667 mm. long and still in good
preservation. Comparison with Massachusetts and Italian material reveal
all its characters in harmony. As the species enters our limits by way of
Chesapeake Bay it may occur casually in any of the other large rivers
tributary. I have, however, not certainly secured it in the Delaware.

ATHEPJNIDjE.
Labidesthes sicculus (Cope). Brook Silversides.
My material from the Youghiogheny River and Erie.

PERCOPSID.E.

Percopsis omiscomaycus (Walbaum). Trout Perch.

I have this interesting fish from the Jordan Creek in Lehigh County, the
only locality in the Delaware basin.2 In the Ohio basin it is recorded from
the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman,3 and French Creek above
Frenchtown, by McConnell.4

lCopeia, No. 50, Oct. 26, 1917, pp. 94-96.
2Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917, p. 119.
3Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 339.
4Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1905, p. 178.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 67

GASTEROSTEID.^.
Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback.
I obtained it in the Allegheny at Foxburg.

Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnams. Two-spined Stickleback.
I have no local material, though it has been recorded from the Delaware
at Philadelphia by Dr. C. C. Abbott.1 It must be rare or extremely local
in our limits, as I never met with it away from the coastal region, or far
from salt water. To the contrary the late Dr. Bean says "in Pennsylvania
Mr. Seal has found this fish abundant in pools and ditches along the Dela-
ware," a statement2 which in every way agrees with my knowledge of
Apeltes quadracus.

Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill). Three-spined Stickleback.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware, Lehigh, Northampton and Phila-
delphia Counties. Jordan and Evermann state "male almost black;
ventralswith the membrane red in spring," though of the countless spawn-
ing examples I have examined never a black male has been seen, and most
all the males at every season of the year had red ventrals.

APHREDODERIDiE.
Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams). Pirate Perch.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.

MICROPTERIDiE.
Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Crappie.
Reported from the Monongahela and my material from the Kiskiminitas
River. Likely introduced in the Delaware and Susquehanna basins,
where frequently met with.

Pomoxis sparoides (Lacepede). Calico Bass.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware, Monroe, Montgomery, Northamp-
ton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and York Counties.
Ohio basin in Clarion County
Erie basin in Erie County.

Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Red-eyed Bass.

Ohio basin in Beaver, Clarion, Fayette, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean,
Warren and Westmoreland Counties.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Erie basin in Crawford and Erie Counties. Introduced in the Delaware
and Susquehanna basins.

lGasterosteus biaculeatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 814.
2Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1889-91 (1892), p. 98.
3Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, T, 1896, p. 752.

68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Enneacanthus obesus (Girard). Sphagnum Sunfish.
Only taken in the Delaware basin at Philadelphia, though abundant
outside our limits in the Coastal Plain.

Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook). Blue-spotted Sunfish.
Delaware basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and Lebanon Counties.

Mesogonistuis chaetodon (Baird). Banded Sunfish.
Delaware basin in Bucks and Philadelphia Counties.

Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque. Green Sunfish.
No definite record ever given. I include it as the late Eugene Smith
informed me he secured several examples from the Monongahela River at
McKeesport, over twenty years ago

Lepomis auritus (Linnams). Red-bellied Sunfish.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Mont-
gomery. Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Center, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Snyder, Sullivan and York Counties.

Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). Long-eared Sunfish.
I have it from the Kiskiminitas River, where it was obtained by Cope.

Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque. Chain-side Sunfish.
Type of L. nephelus Cope, from the Kiskiminitas River, examined.

Lepomis incisor Valenciennes. Blue Sunfish.
Besides Cope's type of L. ardesiacus from the Kiskiminitas I have it
from the Delaware basin in Bucks, Lehigh, Pike and Philadelphia Counties.
Ohio basin in Warren County.
Erie basin in Erie County.

Pomotis gibbosus (Linmeus). Common Sunfish.

Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh,
Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne
Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks. Blair, Bradford, Cambria, Clinton, Center,
Columbia, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lan-
caster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Mifflin, Montour, Northumberland, Perry,
Sullivan, Susquehanna, Wyoming and York Counties.

Potomac basin in Fulton County.

Ohio basin in McKean and Indiana Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede. Small-mouth Bass.
Ohio basin in Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Cambria, Clarion,

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 69

Clearfield, Crawford, Erie, Fayette, Forest, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean,
Mercer, Somerset, Venango and Warren Counties.

Erie basin in Crawford and Erie Counties. Introduced in Delaware,
Susquehanna and Potomac basins.

Micropterus salmoides (Lac^pede). Large-mouth Bass.

Ohio basin in Crawford, Indiana, McKean and Warren Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County. Introduced in Delaware and Potomac basins.

PERCID.E.
Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). Pike Perch.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Crawford,
Forest, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean, Warren and Westmoreland Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County. Introduced in the Delaware and Susque-
hanna basins.

Stizostedion canadense (Griffiths). Sauger.
Ohio basin in Indiana and Warren Counties, and Beaver and Youghio-
gheny Rivers.

Erie basin at Erie.

Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Carbon, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Mont-
gomery, Pike, Philadelphia and Wayne Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Bradford, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Luzerne,
Mifflin, Wyoming and York Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County. Introduced in Ohio basin of Crawford
County.

Percina caprodes (Rafinesque). Log Perch.

Susquehanna basin in Lancaster County.

Ohio basin in Crawford County. Reported from the Allegheny and
Monongahela and I have Cope's Kiskiminitas and Youghiogheny River
material.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Haldeman described it as Perca nebulosa from the Susquehanna.1 At the
same time he also described Perca minima from the same stream, though
not the young as he suggests, but simply a tessellated darter. He also
gave the manuscript name Percina bimaculata to Storer for still another
example from the Susquehanna several years later,2 this insuring the
generic name for the log perches. The types of the first two nominal
forms I have examined. Cope overlooks3 the occurrence of the log perch
in the Susquehanna, as he only mentions it from Lake Erie and the Alle-
gheny River.

iJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1842, p. 330.
2Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1844, p. 157.
3Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1879-80 (1881), p. 124.

70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Hadropterus phoxocephalus (Nelson). Slender-headed Darter.
Reported from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman.1

Hadropterus macrocephalus (Cope). Long-headed Darter.

Cope's types of Etheostoma macrocephalum from the Youghiogheny ex-
amined. The late Dr. Bean reports it from French Creek2 and Foxburg.3

Hadropterus peltatus (Cope). Shielded Darter.
Delaware basin in Montgomery County.
Susquehanna basin in Berks, Dauphin, Lancaster and Snyder Counties.

Hadropterus aspro (Jordan). Black-sided Darter.

A number of examples from Indiana County, some I wrongly identified
with H. macrocephalus.*

Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque. Green-sided Darter.

Reported from the Kiskiminitas and Monongahela Rivers, and my
material from the Beaver River.

Boleosoma nigrum (Rafinesque). Johnny Darter.
Ohio basin in Clarion, Indiana and McKean Counties.

Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi (Storer). Tessellated Darter.

Delaware basin in Berks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe,
Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Chester, Cumberland,
Huntingdon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Luzerne, Mifflin, Perry,
Snyder, Sullivan and York Counties.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Ammocrypta pellucida (Putnam). Sand Darter.

Reported from the Youghiogheny and the Monongahela. I have it
from Erie.

Pcecilichthys variatus (Kirtland). Variegated Darter.

Described as Hadropterus tessellatus by Jordan from the Allegheny at
Foxburg.5 Evermann and Bollman report it from the Monongahela,8 and
McConnell mentions it from French Creek above Franklin.7 The specimen
mentioned by Jordan and Evermann from Easton is likely with wrong
locality.8

lAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 339.

2Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1889-91 (1892), p. 122.

3Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 27, 1884, p. 466.

4Science, XXXI, March 4, 1910, p. 346; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 49.

sBull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 10, 1877, p. 7.

6Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 339.

7Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1905, p. 178.

SBull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, 1, 1896, p. 1069.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 71

Poecilichthys zonalis Cope. Zoned Darter.
Recorded from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman.1

Poecilichthys maculatus (Kirtland). Trout Darter.
McConnell records it from the Shemango River at Jamestown.2

Poecilichthys coeruleus (Storer). Blue Darter.

Recorded from the Monongahela by Evermann and Bollman, and I have
it from the Kiskiminitas.

Poecilichthys flabellaris (Rafinesque). Fantail Darter.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Indiana, McKean and Westmoreland Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Perry County.

Boleichthys fusiformis (Girard). Lowland Darter.
Only met with in the Delaware tidal region near Bristol, Bucks County.

SERRANIDiE.

Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque). White Bass.

Genesee basin in Potter County and Erie basin at Erie. Ohio basin in
Clarion, Indiana, Mercer and Warren Counties. Introduced in the Dela-
ware basin.

Roccus lineatus (Bloch). Striped Bass.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia
and Pike Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Dauphin, Lancaster, Luzerne and York Counties.

Morone americana (Gmelin). White Perch.

Delaware basin in Bucks, Carbon, Delaware, Montgomery, Northamp-
ton and Philadelphia Counties.
Susquehanna basin in Lancaster and York Counties.

SCI^ENIDiE.

Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque. Fresh-water Drum.

Ohio basin in the Allegheny and Monongahela, and Indiana County.
Erie basin in Erie County.

COTTID^E.
Cottus ictalops (Rafinesque). Western Sculpin.

Genesee basin in Potter County.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Clarion, Crawford, Indiana, McKean, Somerset
and Westmoreland Counties.

Cottus gracilis Heckel. Sculpin.
Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lehigh, Montgomery
and Northampton Counties.

lAnn. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1883-5 (1886), p. 339.
*Rep. Com. Fisher. Pa., 1905, p. 178.

72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Elk basin in Chester County.

Susquehanna basin in Berks, Center, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin,
Lancaster, Luzerne, Huntingdon, Perry and Snyder Counties.

SOLEID.E.
Achirus fasciatus Lac6pede. American Sole.
Delaware basin in Bucks and Philadelphia Counties.

GADID.E.
Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Burbot.
Found at Erie. Introduced in the Susquehanna and Delaware.

Besides the species already indicated as introduced are several others
and several which may be considered accidental Such are:

Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Sand Shark.
Once recorded in the region of the Delaware opposite Philadelphia.

Eulamia milberti Muller and Henle. Brown Shark.
Once found in the Delaware opposite lower Philadelphia.

Raja ocellata Mitchill. Big Spotted Skate.
Once in the Delaware opposite upper Philadelphia.

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Quinnat Salmon.
Introduced in the Delaware and Susquehanna.

Salmo salar Linnaeus. Salmon.
Introduced in the Delaware.

Salmo salar sebago (Girard). Landlocked Salmon.
Introduced in Luzerne, Monroe, Pike and Wayne Counties.

Salmo fario Linnaeus. Brown Trout.
Introduced in Blair, Huntingdon, Luzerne, Monroe, Philadelphia, Pike
and Wayne Counties.

Salmo clarkii Richardson. Columbia River Trout.
Introduced in Center and Susquehanna Counties.

Salmo irideus Gibbons. Rainbow Trout.
Introduced in Center, Clearfield, Cumberland, Fayette, Franklin, Mont-
gomery, Pike, Wayne and Wyoming Counties.

Thymallus tricolor Cope. Michigan Grayling.
Introduced.

Fowler — A List of the Fishes of Pennsylvania. 73

Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. Carp.

Introduced. Delaware basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lehigh,
Montgomery, Northampton and Philadelphia Counties.

Susquehanna basin in Adams, Blair, Bradford, Center, Clearfield,
Columbia, Huntingdon, Cumberland, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Lycoming, Luzerne, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna. Union and York
Counties.

Ohio basin in Allegheny, Armstrong, Butler, Crawford, Greene, Indiana,
Jefferson, Lawrence, Mercer, Somerset, Venango, Washington, Warren and
Westmoreland Counties.

Erie basin in Erie County.

Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Goldfish.
Introduced. Delaware basin in Bucks, Lehigh and Philadelphia Counties.

Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus).
Introduced about Philadelphia.

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Blue Fish.
Accidental in the Delaware at Philadelphia.

Chaenobryttus gulosus (Cuvier). Warmouth.
Introduced in the Delaware and Susquehanna.

Morone interrupta Gill. Yellow Bass.
Introduced in the Delaware.

Vol. 32, pp. 75-92 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

TWO NEW GENERA AND THIRTEEN NEW SPECIES
OF AUSTRALIAN THYSANOPTERA.

BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD.

The sixth volume of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum,
issued December 19, 1918, contains an article by the writer in
which are described four new genera and twenty-four new species
of Thysanoptera collected by Mr. Alexandre A. Girault in North
Queensland, Australia. The present paper is supplementary to
the one referred to and, together with a brief article in the
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Volume XIII,
No. 4, published in October, 1918, completes the description of
the new Thysanoptera which have come gradually into the
writer's possession through Mr. Girault's efforts. Five of the
following new species are from Brooklyn, New South Wales; the
remainder are from Queensland. All holotypes and allotypes
are in the writer's collection and one set of paratypes will be
deposited in the Queensland Museum.

Scirtothrips australiae, sp. nov.

Female {macropterous) . — -Length about 0.8 mm. Color straw yellow
(nearly white) ; abdominal segments 3-7 each with a basal transverse dark
line extending entirely across segment ; segment 1 of antenna colorless, seg-
ment 2 grayish apically, 3-8 nearly uniform light gray, 4 and 5 each with
a narrow, dark ring at base; fore wings nearly uniform light gray, hind
wings pale, with dark median line.

Head about 1.5 times as wide as long and about 0.9 as long as prothorax;
cheeks nearly straight, subparallel; frontal costa about 0.8 as wide as basal
antennal segment. Eyes slightly protruding, about four times as long as
their distance from posterior margin of head, 0.8 as wide as their interval,
setose. Ocelli approximate, opposite center of eyes, pigment dirty yellow.
Antennae about 2.45 times as long as head, normal to the genus.

15— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (75)

76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Prothorax about 1.62 times as wide as long; pronotum with minute, close,
transverse striae visible only under high magnification and a few scattered
dark bristles, the pair at the posterior angles long, stout, and dark, about
1.6 times as long as width of segment 2 of antenna. Pterothorax about 1.23
times as wide as prothorax. Wings of fore pair about ten times as long as
greatest subbasal width exclusive of scale, 2.45 times as long as antennae,
and nearly four times as long as width of head; anterior vein with a group
of three dark bristles in basal fourth, a group of two in second fourth, one
bristle at middle, and two more near tip; posterior vein with one bristle in
apical half.

Abdomen with last segment about 1.3 times as long as wide, not divided
above; bristles very light brown, normal to the genus.

Measurements of holotype 9 : Length 0.756 mm. ; head, length 0.086 mm.,
width 0.130 mm.; eyes, length 0.060 mm., width 0.041 mm.; prothorax,
length 0.096 mm., width 0.156 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.192 mm.; abdo-
men, width 0.211 mm.; fore wings, length 0.516 mm., width at middle
0.031 mm., near base 0.051 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (m) 18 34 38 33 36 37 5 10

Width (m) 21 23 17 17 15 15 7 5

Total length of antenna, 0.211 mm.

Described from one female taken by A. A. Girault at Pentland, Queens-
land, Australia, January 6, 1913, by sweeping foliage and grass.
The abdominal markings are distinctive.

Anaphothrips speciosus sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 1 mm. Color dark blackish brown
with abdominal segments 3-5 abruptly pale yellow; legs yellow, with
femora shaded on outer surface with dark blackish brown; antennal seg-
ments 1, 2, and 5-8 slightly lighter than head; segments 3 and 4 yellowish,
the latter slightly darker apically; fore wings nearly clear, with a brown
transverse band occupying second fifth; hind wings with brown median
vein.

Head about 1.08 times as wide as long, about equal in length to pro-
thorax, narrowest at base and widest across eyes, cheeks evenly arched;
vertex convex and rounded ; occiput with four or five transverse anastomos-
ing lines; all bristles minute, subequal in length to diameter of ocelli.
Posterior ocelli situated just behind middle of eyes and forming a nearly
right angle with the anterior ocellus, which is slightly smaller. Eyes half
as long as head, prominent, protruding, and about two-thirds as wide as
their interval. Antennae nearly 1.9 times as long as head, eight-segmented,
segment 6 not divided by a subapical suture; segment 3 with a forked
trichome on dorsal surface, segment 4 with a similar one on ventral surface.
Mouth cone reaching three-fourths across prosternum; maxillary palpi
three-segmented .

Prothorax about one and one-fourth times as wide as long and about
equal in length to head; surface smooth, and with a few minute bristles; no

7

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10

14

7

5

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 77

long bristles at posterior angles. Mesothorax about 1.36 times as wide as
prothorax and much wider than metathorax. Wings of fore pair with two
longitudinal veins reaching nearly to tip; anterior vein with three pale
bristles near base, four in the transverse brown band which occupies the
second fifth of the wing, and three or four widely separated ones beyond;
posterior vein with about eight bristles, which are more widely separated
toward apex of wing.

Abdomen slender but distinctly wider than mesothorax, and sharply
conical, the last three segments successively shorter; posterior margin of
segment 8 pectinate; segment 10 divided above; bristles on 9 and 10 long,
dark in color, and prominent.

Measurements of holotype (9): Length 1.03 mm.; head, length 0.122
mm., greatest, width 0.132 mm., least width 0.119 mm.; eyes, length 0.063
mm., width 0.036 mm., interval 0.056 mm.; prothorax, length 0.121 mm.,
width 0.154 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.216 mm., width 0.209 mm.; fore
wings, length 0.648 mm., width at middle 0.047 mm., near base 0.066
mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.240 mm.; segment 8, length 0,078 mm.;
segment 9, length 0.071 mm.; segment 10, length 0.060 mm.

Antennal segments: 12 3 4 5 6
Length (/u) 21 33 39 34 34 46

Width (m) 26 24 18 18 17 18

Total length of antenna, 0.231 mm

Described from one female taken by sweeping grass in a yard at Brooklyn,
New South Wales, November 7-18, 1914, by A. A. Girault.

The yellow abdominal band occupying the third, fourth, and fifth seg-
ments and the dark prothorax enable this species to be distinguished at
once from closely allied forms.

Haplothrips angustus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 1.4 mm. Color blackish brown
with inner surface of fore tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow, lightly shaded with
brown; antennal segments 1, 2, and 5-8 dark blackish brown and con-
colorous with body, 3 light yellowish brown, 4 intermediate in color be-
tween 3 and 5, paler basally; wings clear, except the scale and the region
of the three subbasal bristles, which are brown.

Head about 1.25 times as long as wide, sides distinctly arcuate and con-
verging to base, which is about 0.85 the width behind eyes; surface faintly
subreticulate and with a few minute spines; vertex swollen but not pro-
duced, the anterior ocellus slightly overhanging and nearly attaining front
margin of eyes ; postocular bristles blunt, one-seventh as long as head. Eyes
0.38 as long as head and two-thirds as wide as their interval. Antennas of
normal structure; segment 3 fully twice as long as wide, and without a
sense cone on inner surface; segment 4 large; 8 conical and closely united
at base to 7. Mouth cone reaching less than half way across prosternum,
broadly rounded at apex.

Prothorax narrow, two-thirds as long as head and (inclusive of coxae)

2

3

4

5

6 7 8

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51

44

40 38 26

27

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30

26

22 19 13

78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

about 1.8 times as wide as long, surface smooth, median line faintly in-
dicated; all bristles present, blunt, the anterior marginals shortest, the
posterior laterals longest, others subequal to postoculars. Wings of fore
pair slender, narrowed at middle, and with seven (rarely, six) interlocated
hairs on posterior margin near apex. Fore tarsus with a minute tooth.

Abdomen about equal in width to pterothorax. Tube 0.55 as long as
head, twice as long as basal width, and less than twice as wide at base as
at apex. Bristles largely blunt; terminal bristles shorter than tube.

Measurements of holotype ( 9 ) : Length 1.39 mm. ; head, length 0.209 mm.,
greatest width 0.166 mm., width at base 0.141 mm.; eyes, length 0.080 mm.,
width 0.045 mm., interval 0.066mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.030 mm.;
prothorax, length 0.138 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.257 mm.; ptero-
thorax, length 0.312 mm., width 0.292 mm.; abdomen, greatest width
0.286 mm.; tube, length 0.115 mm., width at base 0.057 mm., at apex
0.032 mm.

Antennal segments: 1
Length (m) 33

Width (m) 32

Total length of antenna, 0.325 mm.

Male (macropterous) . — Length about 1.3 mm. Color and structure es-
sentially as in female, except as follows: Head about 1.34 times as long as
wide, 0.89 as wide at base as behind eyes. Eyes 0.35 as long as head and
three-fourths as wide as their interval. Prothorax 0.77 as long as head and
(inclusive of coxae), 1.7 times as wide as long, median line distinctly in-
dicated, black. Fore legs swollen, tarsi with a stout triangular tooth.

Measurements of allotype (cT): Length 1.26 mm.; head, length 0.209
mm., greatest width 0.156 mm., width at base 0.139 mm.; eyes, length 0.074
mm., width 0.045 mm., interval 0.062 mm.; postocular bristles, length
0.033 mm.; prothorax, length 0.161 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.276
mm.; pterothorax, length 0.294 mm., width 0.281 mm.; abdomen, greatest
width 0.276 mm.; tube, length 0.114 mm., width at base 0.056 mm., at
apex 0.031 mm.

Antennal segments : 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length (/x) 31 42 49 50 44 40

Width (m) 32 26 23 28 24 22

Total length of antenna, 0.319 mm.

Described from three females and one male taken by sweeping grass, at
Brooklyn, New South Wales, Nov. 7-18, 1914, by A. A. Girault.

Easily known from the other Australian species of the genus by the
long third antennal segment which has no sense cone on its inner surface,
and by the antennal coloration.

Zygothrips pallescens, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous). — Length about 1.5 mm. Color brownish yellow,
with metathorax, first abdominal segment, all tarsi, apical half of tibiae, and
antennal segments 3-6, pale yellow; tube dark brown, paler apically.

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26

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13

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 79

Head about 1.5 times as lonp; as wide, broadest midway between eyes
and base, cheeks nearly parallel but converging very slightly to eyes and
more rapidly to base of head ; dorsal and lateral surfaces without sculpture,
set with a few minute spines; vertex slightly produced, overhanging, and
bearing the anterior ocellus at its extremity, which slightly surpasses the
anterior margin of eyes; postocular bristles less than half as long as eyes,
conically expanded at tip. Eyes nearly one-third as long as head, not
protruding. Anterior ocellus directed forward, posterior ocelli just in ad-
vance of a line drawn through middle of eyes. Antennae about 1.6 times
as long as head; segments 7 and 8 scarcely compactly united; sense cones
short and slender; formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 2-2; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6, 1-0+1; 7 with one
on dorsum near apex; segments 1 and 2 brown, darker than head, 2 paler
toward apex; 3-6 pale yellow; 7 and 8 brownish yellow, paler than 1 and
2. Mouth cone blunt, much shorter than width of head, reaching about
two-thirds across prosternum; labrum about attaining tip of labium.

Prothorax slightly more than half as long as head and (inclusive of
coxse) about twice as wide as long; surface smooth; no median thickening;
all usual bristles present, conically expanded at tip, the two pairs at the
posterior angles subequal in length to postoculars, the others and the coxal
shorter and of nearly equal length. Pterothorax distinctly wider than pro-
thorax, sides converging posteriorly. Legs moderately long, fore femora not
swollen, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings clear, slightly narrowed at middle,
without accessory hairs on posterior margin; subbasal bristles capitate,
the outer one longest and subequal to postocular.

Abdomen normal; bristles largely capitate, all three pairs on segment 9
expanded at apex and two-thirds as long as tube, the terminal bristles
equal in length to tube. Tube somewhat more than half as long as head,
twice as long as basal width, and nearly twice as wide at base as at apex.

Measurements of holotype (5 ): Length 1.52 mm.; head, length 0.240
mm., greatest width 0.161 mm., least width 0.144 mm.; eyes, length 0.076
mm., width 0.045 mm., interval 0.062 mm.; postocular bristles, length
0.033 mm.; prothorax, length 0.126 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.258
mm.; pterothorax, length 0.348 mm., width 0.300 mm.; abdomen, greatest
width 0.294 mm. ; tube, length 0.128 mm., width at base 0.064 mm., at apex
0.034 mm.

Antennal segments: 12 3 4 5 6
Length (n) 36 51 56 62 56 50

Width (m) 35 28 28 30 26 24

Total length of antenna, 0.383 mm.

Described from two macropterous females taken by sweeping in a
forest, at Ayr, North Queensland, November 6, 1912, by A. A. Girault.
The coloration and unarmed fore tarsi are distinctive.

Zygothrips inermis, sp. nov.
Female (macropterous). — Length about 1.4 mm Color dark brown, with
tarsi yellow and the apical portions of tibiae and the third antennal segment
brownish yellow; tube paler at base and in apical third.

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80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Head about 1.3 times as long as wide, broadest at basal third, thence
gradually narrowing to eyes and to base; vertex not produced nor over-
hanging; postocular bristles nearly as long as eyes, capitate. Eyes about
one-fourth as long as head, not protruding. Anterior ocellus directed for-
ward and upward, not overhanging; posterior ocelli slightly in front of a
line drawn through middle of eyes. Antenna; about 1.7 times as long
as head; segments 7 and 8 closely but not compactly united; sense cones
short and slender; formula: 3, 1-1; 4, 2-2; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6, 1-0+1; 7 with one
on dorsum near apex; segments 1, 2 and 5-8 concolorous with head, except
2 which is lighter toward apex; 3 much lighter, darker at apex than
at base; 4 slightly lighter than 5 but distinctly darker than 3. Mouth cone
blunt, much shorter than width of head, reaching about to middle of
prosternum; labrum about attaining tip of labium.

Prothorax three-fourths as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) nearly
twice as wide as long; surface smooth; median thickening distinct; anterior
marginal bristles minute, others (including coxal) conically expanded at tip
and subequal to postoculars. Pterothorax slightly narrower than pro-
thorax, sides converging posteriorly. Legs moderately short, fore femora
moderately stout, fore tarsus unarmed. Wings slightly narrowed near
middle; subbasal bristles on fore wings conically expanded at tip, slightly
shorter than postoculars.

Abdomen normal; bristles largely capitate, the two lateral pairs on seg-
ment 9 pointed and much longer than tube, the dorsal pair capitate and
shorter than tube, the terminal bristles fully twice as long as tube. Tube
slightly less than 0.6 as long as head, nearly twice as long as basal width,
and not quite twice as broad at base as at apex.

Measurements of holotype (?): Length 1.36 mm.; head, length 0.196
mm., greatest width 0.149 mm.; eyes, length 0.054 mm., width 0.037 mm.,
interval 0.057 mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.050 mm.; prothorax,
length 0.145 mm., width (inclusive of coxse) 0.282 mm.; pterothorax, width
0.270 mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.313 mm.; tube, length 0.110 mm.,
width at base 0.060 mm., at apex 0.033 mm.

Antennal segments: 1 2345678
Length (/*) 37 47 45 49 42 39 42 28

Width (/*) 32 29 27 27 24 22 19 13

Total length of antenna, 0.329 mm.

Described from one macropterous female taken by sweeping grass in
a forest, at Aloomba, North Queensland, July 7, 1912, by A. A. Girault.

Distinguished from all other members of its genus by the unarmed fore
tarsi and the unusually long bristles at the tip of the tube.

Zygothrips cingulatus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous). — Length about 1.2 mm. Head, thorax, last three
abdominal segments, the two basal and two apical antennal segments,
and most of fore and mid femora, dark brown; remaining segments of
abdomen, all of hind legs, fore and mid tibia? and tarsi, apices of fore and
mid femora, and antennal segments 3-6 pale yellow; wings colorless.

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 81

Head about 1.38 times as long as wide, broadest at basal third, sides con-
verging roundly to eyes and to base of head, narrowest at posterior angle
of eyes; extreme base of head and cheeks with a few faint anastomosing lines
and a few minute colorless spines; vertex arched and forming a low ridge
extending forward between basal segments of antennae, not overhanging;
postocular bristles about 0.8 as long as eyes, expanded at tip. Eyes about
one-third the length of head, distinctly protruding posteriorly. Anterior
ocellus directed forward and upward, not overhanging; posterior ocelli
just in advance of a line drawn through middle of eyes. Antennae about
1.9 times as long as head; segments 7 and 8 not closely united; sense cones
slender; formula: 3, 1-1; 4, 1-2; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6, 1-1 + 1; 7 with one on dorsum
near apex; segments 1 and 2 brown, concolorous with head, 2 paler at apex;
3-6 pale yellow, almost colorless, 6 slightly infuscate; 7 and 8 brown,
lighter than head. Mouth cone blunt, much shorter than width of head,
reaching about two-thirds across prosternum; labrum constricted before
apex, about attaining tip of labium.

Prothorax about 0.6 as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about twice
as wide as long; surface smooth, no median thickening; all usual bristles
present, expanded at tip, the two pairs at the posterior angles equal to
postoculars, the others and coxal half as long. Pterothorax about equal in
width to prothorax, sides roundly converging in posterior half. Legs
moderately short, fore femora not at all swollen, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings
clear, very weak and slender, slightly narrowed at middle, hind margin with-
out accessory hairs; subbasal bristles capitate, the outer one longest and
subequal to postocular.

Abdomen normal; bristles largely capitate, all three pairs on segment 9
pointed and subequal in length to tube, the terminal bristles distinctly
longer than tube. Tube about two-thirds as long as head, slightly more
than twice as long as basal width, and nearly twice as wide at base as at
apex.

Measurements of holotype (9): Length 1.19 mm.; head, length 0.174
mm., greatest width 0.126 mm., least width 0.115 mm.; eyes, length 0.060
mm. ; width 0.036 mm., interval 0.045 mm. ; postocular bristles, length 0.050
mm.; prothorax, length 0.103 mm., width (inclusive of coxse) 0.208 mm.;
pterothorax, length 0.240 mm., width 0.204 mm.; abdomen, greatest width
0.211 mm.; tube, length 0.112 mm., width at base 0.051 mm., at apex
0.027 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (/*) 33 43 42 47 46 45 40 34

Width (/*) 32 42 24 26 23 21 19 11

Total length of antenna, 0.330 mm.

Described from two females, both taken by sweeping in forest at Nelson,
North Queensland, by A. A. Girault. One was collected July 7, 1912, and
the other December 4, 1913.

Distinguished by the coloration and the unarmed fore tarsi.

82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Podothrips xanthopus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 1.5 mm. Surface shining. Color
dark blackish brown, with apex of fore femora, all tibiae and tarsi, abdomi-
nal segments 1-4, and antenna? beyond basal half of segment 2, yellow; seg-
ment 8 of antenna? shaded with gray; abdominal segments 5 and 6 yellowish
brown, and, together with 3 and 4, each with a dark brown spot on dorsal
surface near base; wings of both pairs light gray.

Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, broadest slightly behind eyes,
thence narrowing roundly and abruptly to base, where there is a slight neck-
like constriction; vertex rounded and evenly declivous; dorsal surface with-
out sculpture; cheeks smooth, sparsely and briefly spinose; postocular
bristles knobbed, half as long as eyes, situated close to lateral margins of
head. Eyes one-third as long as head and a little more than half as wide as
their interval, not protruding, ventral extent less than dorsal. Ocelli
anterior in position, the median one situated anterior to front margin of
eyes and between basal segments of antennae, the posterior pair situated
about half their diameter in front of a line drawn through middle of eyes.
Antenna? of normal form, nearly 1.5 times as long as head; sense cones and
bristles short and weak. Mouth cone blunt, broadly rounded, much shorter
than its width at base.

Prothorax three-fourths as long as head and (inclusive of coxa?) twice as
wide near base as at apex and two-thirds as long as wide ; lateral outline dis-
tinctly concave; surface smooth; median dorsal line chitinized for about
one-third its length; all usual bristles present, the anterior marginal and
mid-lateral pairs pointed, visible only under the highest magnifications; the
two pairs near the posterior angles and the coxal pair knobbed, subequal to
postoculars; anterior angulars similarly knobbed, but only half as long.
Pterothorax much narrower than prothorax, sides nearly straight and very
slightly converging posteriorly. Legs rather short and stout; fore femur
much shorter than and only half as wide as head; fore tibia with a small,
blunt, setose tooth on inner surface of apex; fore tarsus with a slender, acute,
curved tooth about half as long as width of tarsus, the inner surface of tooth
with a bristle arising from near middle. Wings slender, weak, without
double subapical fringe.

Abdomen slender, about as wide as prothorax. Tube about 0.5 as long as
head, basal fourth slightly swollen and twice as wide as apex; bristles pale,
mostly knobbed.

Measurements of holotype (9): Length 1.5 mm.; head, length 0.228
mm , greatest width 0.156 mm., least width 0.118 mm.; eyes, length 0.072
mm., width 0.039 mm., interval 0.069 mm ; postocular bristles, length
0.036 mm.; prothorax, length 0.172 mm., width (inclusive of coxa?) 0.259
mm.; pterothorax, length 0.288 mm., width 0.228 mm.; abdomen, greatest
width 0.252 mm.; tube, length 0.120 mm., width at base 0.056 mm., at apex
0.029 mm.

Antennal segments: 12 3 4 5 6
Length (m) 35 47 45 48 43 43

Width (m) 34 28 26 28 25 22

Total length of antenna, 0.337 mm.

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Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 83

Described from a unique female collected by A. A. Girault at Nelson,
North Queensland, April 12, 1914, by sweeping in forest.

Easily known by the coloration and the absence of an acute lateral tooth
on cheeks behind eyes.

Genus Asemothrips, nov.
(tiffrj/jLos, without device; Opif, a wood worm.)

Head much longer than wide. Eyes moderate in size, rounded. Antennae
eight-segmented, the last two segments compactly joined, separated only by
an oblique suture; fifth segment obliquely truncate at outer surface of apex.
Mouth cone short and broadly rounded at apex, the labrum scarcely sur-
passing labium and with sides straight. Prothorax shorter than head. Fore
femora swollen and fore tarsi strongly armed in both sexes. Wings of
nearly equal width throughout, not narrowed at middle. Bristles short
and knobbbed in the type species.

Genotype: Asemothrips picturatus, sp. nov.

The type of the present genus is a species of ordinary appearance but
one which I have found impossible to assign to any existing genus on account
of the union of the seventh and eighth antennal segments, the obliquely
truncate apex of the fifth antennal segment, and the short broadly rounded
mouth cone. Notwithstanding the form of the wings, which are scarcely
narrowed at the middle, the insect is apparently referable to the Haplo-
thrips group.

Asemothrips picturatus, sp. nov.

Male (macropterous) . — Length about 1.5 mm. Color light yellow, with
first two segments of antennae, frons, a longitudinal stripe behind each eye,
lateral and dorsal pterothoracic plates, sides of first abdominal segment,
all of ninth abdominal segment, and tube, abruptly dark brown, the post-
ocular stripe and middle of tube darkest; antennae with apex of segment 5,
apical two-fifths of segment 6, and all of segments 7 and 8, light brown;
fore femora shaded with brown on outer surface, middle and hind tibiae
brown basally, second abdominal segment slightly darkened at anterior
angles; wings clear.

Head about 1.6 times as long as wide, dorsal and lateral surfaces nearly
smooth and with a few minute spines; cheeks converging roundly to eyes
and more gradually to near base of head, thence subparallel; vertex pro-
duced to form a slight hump, and with anterior margin nearly vertical;
postocular bristles short, less than half as long as eyes, knobbed, and situ-
ated close to sides of head. Eyes about one-third as long as head, prominent
and slightly protruding, nearly as wide as their interval. Anterior ocellus
directed forward and somewhat overhanging; posterior ocelli situated in
front of a line drawn through middle of eyes. Antennae about 1.55 times as
long as head; segment 5 prominently obliquely truncate on outer surface
of apex; segment 6 with the pedicel correspondingly truncate; segments 7
and 8 compactly joined and separated by an oblique suture, segment 8
being longer on ventral than on dorsal surface; sense cones disposed as

84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

follows: 3, 1-1; 4, 1+^2 ; 5, 1-1+1; 6, 1-1 + 1; 7 with one on dorsum near
apex; three bristles on ventral surface of segment 7 and six on ventral
surface of 8, forming a straight comb. Mouth cone short and broadly-
rounded at apex, reaching about half across presternum, the labrum
scarcely surpassing labium.

Prothorax about two-thirds as long as head and (inclusive of coxae)
nearly 1.9 times as wide as long; pronotum smooth, with distinct but color-
less median thickening; all usual bristles present, the anterior marginals
minute and pointed, all others and coxal subequal to or slightly shorter
than postoculars, prominently knobbed. Wings of nearly equal width
throughout; fore pair without accessory hairs on posterior margin near tip,
with the first two of the subbasal bristles similar to the prothoracic ones,
and with the third subbasal bristle much longer and pointed. Fore tarsi
with a strong curved tooth as long as width of tarsus.

Abdomen of normal form and structure. Tube about 0.55 as long as
head and about 2.2 times as long as basal width, which is about 1.8 times
the apical, sides straight. Abdominal bristles moderately short, capitate,
the longest pair on segment 9 slightly more than half as long as tube;
terminal bristles pointed, nearly as long as tube.

Measurements of holotype (c?): Length, 1.51 mm.; head, length 0.264
mm., greatest width 0.167 mm., width at base 0.144 mm.; eyes, length
0.084 mm., width 0.051 mm., interval 0.057 mm.; postocular bristles
length 0.036 mm.; prothorax, length 0.175 mm., width (inclusive of coxa?)
0.328 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.288 mm., width 0.305 mm.; abdomen,
greatest width 0.276 mm.; tube, length 0.144 mm., width at base 0.065 mm.,
at apex 0.036 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (/*) 42 54 63 63 63 64 44 24

Width Gu) 39 30 25 29 27 27 21 12

Total length of antenna, 0.417 mm.

Female (macropterous). — Similar in coloration and structure to male.
Fore femora about as strongly swollen as in that sex, and fore tarsi about
as strongly armed.

Described from three males and one female, all taken by Mr. A. A.
Girault by sweeping in a forest at Nelson, North Queensland. The four
specimens were taken September 12, 1912; May 29, 1913; January 8, 1914;
and May 21, 1914. The female is in very poor condition, and is mounted
in balsam under eleven separate coverglasses.

This is a very pretty species. Aside from the important structural char-
acters which have made a new genus necessary for its reception, it may be
known by the unusual coloration.

Trichothrips connexus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous). — Length about 1.5 mm. Color yellowish brown,
with segment 3 of antenna?, tips of femora, all tibia? and tarsi, and tube,
yellow; wings of both pairs uniform light brown; hypodermal pigment
crimson.

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 85

Head as long as wide, broadest and slightly swollen just behind eyes,
cheeks converging to base of head and smooth, save for a few minute
spines; postocular bristles one-third as long as head, nearly pointed. Eyes
one-third as long as head, rounded, somewhat protruding, and about 0.7
as wide as their interval. Anterior ocellus situated in front of anterior
margin of eyes and slightly overhanging base of antenna}, the two posterior
ones with their hind margins opposite center of eyes. Antennae nearly two
and one-third times as long as head, segment 8 conical and broadly united
at base to segment 7; sense cones long and distinct, formula: 3, 1-1; 4,
1-1; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6, 1-1+1; 7 with one on dorsum near apex; segments 1 and
2 and 4-8 nearly concolorous with body, the apical segments slightly
paler; segment 3 abruptly light yellow. Mouth cone reaching about two-
thirds across presternum and broadly rounded at tip; labrum not surpass-
ing labium.

Prothorax about 0.84 as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about 1.9
times as wide as long; anterior marginal bristles very minute; others dis-
tinct, nearly pointed, the three posterior pairs subequal, fully as long as
postoculars and about twice as long as anterior laterals; coxal bristle
nearly as long as midlateral. Pterothorax distinctly wider than prothorax,
sides slightly converging posteriorly. Wings of nearly equal width through-
out, fore pair without accessory hairs on posterior margin and with only one
subbasal bristle, instead of three. Fore tarsus with a long, slender, nearly
straight tooth arising at right angles to the tarsus.

Abdomen of normal shape, distinctly wider than pterothorax. Tube
about 0.87 as long as head, about 1.9 times as long as basal width, and more
than twice as broad at base as at apex. Bristles long, scarcely pointed,
those on the ninth segment about 0.8 as long as the tube; terminal bristles
two-thirds the length of tube.

Measurements of holotype ($): Length 1.48 mm.; head, length 0.192
mm., greatest width 0.192 mm., width at base 0.168 mm.; eyes, length
0.063 mm., width 0.054 mm., interval 0.075 mm.; postocular bristles,
length 0.063 mm.; prothorax, length 0.162 mm., width (inclusive of coxae)
0.307 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.348 mm., width 0.360 mm.; abdomen,
greatest width 0.433 mm.; tube, length 0.168 mm., width at base 0.088
mm., at apex 0.039 mm.; fore wings, length 0.960 mm., width at middle
0.096 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (/x) 51 60 63 63 65 60 49 36

Width (m) 41 36 37 35 34 32 26 18

Total length of antenna, 0.447 mm.

Described from a single specimen taken by sweeping in a forest, at
Brooklyn, New South Wales, November 10-13, 1914, by Mr. A. A.
Girault.

Distinguished at once by the union of the two apical antennal segments
and the antennal coloration.

86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Genus Teuchothrips, nov.
(reOxos, an implement of war; dpuj/, a wood worm.)

Head broad, not more than 1.2 times as long as wide, subequal to or
much longer than prothorax; vertex either slightly produced and over-
hanging or with the front margin nearly straight and vertical, the anterior
ocellus overhanging; cheeks and occiput distinctly (sometimes deeply)
subreticulate, the former arcuate to eyes and base of head. Eyes of mode-
rate size, somewhat shorter and narrower on ventral surface. Antennae
eight-segmented, the last two segments usually compactly united and form-
ing a single mass. Mouth cone rounded at apex, reaching half way or more
across presternum, the labrum not surpassing labium. Prothorax from
0.6 to 0.9 as long as head, bristles usually short and capitate. Fore tarsi
with a long, stout, curved tooth. Wings broad, closely fringed, not nar-
rowed at middle. Tube long, usually nearly equal in length to head, sides
straight.

Genotype: Teuchothrips simplicipennis, sp. nov.

This genus comprises, in addition to the two new species simplicipennis
and badiipennis described below, four species, also from Australia, which
were described by the author under the generic name Liothrips.1 These
four species should thus be known as Teuchothrips disjunctus, T. connatus,
T. gracilior, and T. brevidens. The present genus appears to be separable
as a natural segregate of the genus Liothrips, differing in the short, reticu-
lated head, the broadly rounded mouth cone, the strongly armed fore
tarsi, and the frequent union of the two distal antennal segments.

Teuchothrips simplicipennis, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 2 mm. Color dark blackish
brown or black, with mid and hind tarsi brown, and distal ends of fore
tibiae, and basal half of segment 3 of antennae, yellow; wings clouded with
brown, the fore wings darker than hind ones and with the scale and the
region of the three subbasal bristles much darker; hind wings paler in
anterior half, the line of demarkation darkened, especially at base.

Head very slightly wider than long, entire dorsal surface deeply and dis-
tinctly reticulate with anastomosing lines; cheeks converging to eyes and
base of head, which is about 0.92 of the greatest width; vertex not or only
very slightly produced, anterior margin nearly straight and vertical; post-
ocular bristles short, about one-third as long as eyes, dark in color, capitate.
Eyes about 0.4 as long as head, not protruding, two-thirds as wide as their
interval; ventral length about five-sevenths of dorsal, ventral width a little
more than half of ventral interval. Anterior ocellus slightly overhanging,
directed forward. Antennae of normal structure, about 2.19 times as long
as head, segments 7 and 8 compactly united to form a single mass, 8 short,
about 1.8 times as long as greatest basal width; sense cones short and in-
conspicuous, formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 1-2+ l; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6, 1-1 + 1; 7 with one on
dorsum near apex; segments 1, 2 and 4-8 dark blackish brown, with apex

iMemoirs of the Queensland Museum, Vol. VI, pp. 134-138; Dec. 19, 1918.

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 87

of 2 and pedicels of 4-6 slightly paler, 3 yellow in basal half, remainder
brown. Mouth cone narrowly rounded at tip, reaching three-fourths
across presternum, labrum not surpassing labium.

Prothorax about 0.9 as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) not quite
1.9 times as wide as long; pronotum smooth at middle, margins with strong
anastomosing lines; median thickening short; all usual bristles present, the
anterior marginals minute and pointed, others short, stout, capitate, pale
in color, and from one-third to one-half as long as eyes. Wings broad, the
fore pair without accessory hairs on posterior margin and with the three
subbasal bristles short, pale, and capitate. Fore tarsus with a strong
curved tooth longer than half the width of tarsus.

Abdomen of normal form and structure. Tube equal in length to head
and 2.3 times as long as the basal width, which is 2.3 times the apicaL sides
straight. Abdominal bristles rather short, capitate, those on segment 9
about half as long as tube; terminal bristles three-fourths as long as tube.

Measurements of holotype (9): Length 2.00 mm.; head, length 0.236
mm., greatest width 0.240 mm., least width (near base) 0.222 mm.; eyes,
length 0.096 mm., width 0.063 mm., interval 0.090 mm. ; postocular bristles,
length 0.030 mm.; prothorax, length 0.211 mm., width (inclusive of coxae)
0.396 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.396 mm., width 0.499 mm.; abdomen,
greatest width 0.600 mm. ; tube, length 0.236 mm. ; width at base 0.102 mm.,
at apex 0.044 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (/*) 51 66 80 75 73 68 70 33

Width (/*) 41 37 33 38 36 35 31 IS

Total length of antenna, 0.516 mm.

Described from two females taken by sweeping in forest, at Brooklyn,
New South Wales, November 1 and 9, 1914, by A. A. Girault.

Easily known by the brown wings and the absence of interlocated hairs
on the posterior margin of the fore wings.

Teuchothrips badiipennis, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 1.7 mm. Color dark blackish
brown or black, with mid and hind tibia} brown, and distal ends of fore
tibiae yellow; antennae with segments 1, 2, 7 and 8 concolorous with head,
2 yellow at apex, 3-6 lemon yellow, 4 infuscate in apical third, 5 in apical
half, and 6 in apical three-fifths, this infuscation darkest on sides of seg-
ments; wings brown, the fore wings darker than hind ones and slightly
paler at apex and in the region of the three subbasal bristles; hind wings
paler in anterior half and with median vein darker.

Head about 1.2 times as long as wide, entire dorsal surface distinctly
reticulate with anastomosing lines; cheeks gently arched, slightly converg-
ing to eyes and base of head; vertex not produced nor overhanging, the
anterior margin straight and vertical; postocular bristles capitate, about
0.7 as long as eyes, almost colorless. Eyes a little more than one-third as
long as head, not protruding, five-sixths as wide as their interval; ventral

88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

length and width distinctly less than dorsal. Anterior ocellus slightly
overhanging, directed forward. Antennae about 1.75 times as long as head,
segments 5 and 6 obliquely truncate on outer surface at apex, causing the
antennas to curve outward; segments 7 and 8 compactly united to form a
single mass, 8 short, about 1.7 times as long as greatest basal width; sense
cones short and inconspicuous, formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 1-1 + 1; 5, 1-1 + 1; 6,
1-1 + 1; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone broadly rounded at
apex, reaching three-fourths across prosternum, labrum not surpassing
labium.

Prothorax three-fourths as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about
twice as wide as long; pronotum smooth at middle, margins with faint
anastomosing lines; median thickening almost wanting; all usual bristles
present, the anterior marginals minute and pointed, others capitate and
light brown in color, shorter than postoculars, the outer pair at posterior
angles longest. Wings broad, the fore pair with about eleven accessory
hairs on posterior margin and with the three subbasal bristles short, pale,
capitate, and subequal in length. Fore tarsus with a stout curved tooth as
long as half the width of tarsus.

Abdomen of normal form and structure. Tube about 0.8 the length of
head and more than twice as long as the basal width, which is somewhat
more than twice the apical, sides straight. Abdominal bristles rather long
and capitate, those on segment 9 two-thirds as long as tube; terminal
bristles equal in length to tube.

Measurements of holotype ($): Length 1.70 mm.; head, length 0.244
mm., greatest width 0.208 mm., least width (near base) 0.196 mm.; eyes,
length 0.087 mm., width 0.060 mm., interval 0.072 mm.; postocular bristles,
length 0.060 mm.; prothorax, length 0.185 mm., width (inclusive of coxae)
0.366 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.384 mm., width 0.456 mm.; abdomen,
greatest width 0.508 mm.; tube, length 0.204 mm., width at base 0.096
mm., at apex 0.045 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (m) 48 62 60 60 62 59 51 30

Width (m) 42 35 32 36 33 33 27 18

Total length of antenna, 0.432 mm.

Described from three females taken by sweeping in forest and in a yard
at Brooklyn, New South Wales, November 1 and 7-18, 1914, by A. A.
Girault.

Separable by the brown wings, the yellow bases of antennal segments
3-6, and the presence of accessory hairs on the posterior margin of the
fore wings.

Cryptothrips acanthus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 2.3 mm. Color dark blackish
brown, with tarsi, fore tibiae, and articulations of legs paler; abdomen
nearly black; antennae concolorous with body, except segment 3 which is
abruptly brownish yellow and more darkly clouded with brown in apical

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 89

half, and extreme apex of segment 2, which is yellowish; wings lightly
clouded with brown along margins and at middle.

Head about 1.4 times as long as greatest width, which is at extreme
posterior angles of eyes ; cheeks straight and converging to near base, where
the head is about 0.82 of the greatest width, thence very slightly diverging,
without distinct collar, faintly striate, and with about six distinct dark
spines visible in profile; vertex not at all produced; postocular bristles
pointed, half as long as head. Eyes small, less than 0.3 as long as head,
two-thirds as wide as their interval, subquadrangular as seen from above,
slightly protruding, longer and broader on dorsal surface than on ventral.
Anterior ocellus on a line with front margin of eyes and directed forward,
not overhanging; posterior ocelli situated in front of middle of eyes and
widely separated. Antennae formed as usual in the genus, 1.7 times as long
as head, the last two segments not closely united; segments 3 and 4 each
with a large sense cone at middle of ventral apical surface, 3 with an addi-
tional one on outer surface; 4 with three additional large ones on inner,
outer and upper surfaces, respectively, and also with a small slender one on
the inner, upper surface; 5 with a large sense cone on either side of apex
and two small ones on dorsum ; 6 with a large sense cone on inner surface of
apex and a small one on dorsum; 7 with a large one on dorsum near apex.
Mouth cone semicircularly rounded at apex and reaching half way across
prosternum, labrum not surpassing labium.

Prothorax along median dorsal line less than half the length of head,
with distinct median thickening, surface smooth; all usual bristles present,
scarcely pointed, the two pairs near posterior angles longest but much
shorter than postoculars, the anterior marginals very small, all others (in-
cluding coxal) less than half as long as postoculars. Fore wings broad,
slightly dilated apically, and with about 20 accessory hairs; subbasal
bristles small, pale, and pointed, the basal one smallest, the others suc-
cessively larger. Fore tarsi with a short triangular tooth.

Abdomen broad and heavy. Tube slightly longer than head and more
than three times as long as basal width, which is 2.3 times the apical, sides
straight. Bristles very long and pointed, yellow, those on segment 9 longer
than tube; terminal bristles brown and two-thirds as long as tube.

Measurements of holotype (9): Length 2.28 mm.; head, length 0.362
mm., greatest width (across eyes) 0.260 mm., least width (at base) 0.212
mm.; eyes, length 0.098 mm., width 0.072 mm., interval 0.108 mm.; post-
ocular bristles, length 0.180 mm.; prothorax, length 0.172 mm., width (in-
clusive of coxee) 0.450 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.468 mm., width 0.492
mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.594 mm.; tube, length 0.396 mm., width
at base 0.126 mm., at apex 0.054 mm.

Antennal segments: 12345678
Length (/*) 66 78 98 108 96 71 51 46

Width (fi) 51 39 39 41 37 34 27 18

Total length of antennae, 0.614 mm.

90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Described from one female taken by A. A. Girault at Nelson, North
Queensland, April 2, 1914, by sweeping in jungle.

Readily known by the long tube and armed fore tarsi.

Cryptothrips claripennis, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous) . — Length about 2 mm. Color dark blackish
brown, with tarsi, fore tibiae, and articulations of legs paler; antennal seg-
ments 3-5 and apex of segment 2, yellow, 3 faintly darkened with brown
at apex, 4 and 5 brown in apical third and three-fifths, respectively, the
remainder of antennae concolorous with body; wings clear.

Head about 1.3 times as long as greatest width, which is about midway
between eyes and base; cheeks evenly arched, converging more rapidly
posteriorly, where the head is about 0.85 of the greatest width, faintly
transversely striate, and with a few minute barely- visible spines; vetex
roundly swollen and slightly produced, though scarcely overhanging, with
a pair of pointed bristles half as long as postoculars situated between
posterior ocelli; postocular bristles scarcely pointed, nearly half as long as
head. Anterior ocellus overhanging and directed forward, situated far in
advance of anterior margin of eyes, which is on a line with anterior margin
of the widely separated posterior ocelli. Eyes about 0.3 the length of head
and two-thirds as wide as their interval, not protruding. Antennae formed
as usual in the genus, about twice as long as head, the last two segments
scarcely closely united; segments 3 and 4 each with a large sense cone at
middle of ventral apical surface, 3 with an additional one on outer surface,
4 with three additional ones on inner, outer, and upper surfaces, respect-
ively; 5 with a large sense cone on either side of apex and a small one on
dorsum ; 6 with a large sense cone on inner surface of apex and a small one
on dorsum; 7 with a large one on dorsum. Mouth cone semicircularly
rounded at apex and reaching three-fourths across prosternum, labrum not
surpassing labium.

Prothorax along median dorsal line about half the length of head, with
distinct median thickening, surface smooth; all usual bristles present,
scarcely pointed, the two pairs near posterior angles longest but scarcely
equal in length to postoculars, anterior marginals two-thirds as long as
anterior angulars and one-fourth as long as postoculars, coxal bristles equal
to anterior angulars. Fore wings broad, colorless, and with about fourteen
accessory hairs. Fore tarsi unarmed.

Abdomen broad and heavy. Tube equal in length to head and three
times as long as basal width, which is more than twice the apical, sides
nearly straight. Bristles very long and pointed, yellow, those on segment
9 slightly shorter than tube and slightly longer than terminal bristles.

Measurements of holotype: ($): Length 1.94 mm.; head, length 0.294
mm., greatest width 0.228 mm., least width (at base) 0.194 mm.; eyes,
length 0.087 mm., width 0.063 mm., interval 0.093 mm.; postocular bristles,
length 0.120 mm.; prothorax, length 0.142 mm., width (inclusive of coxae)
0.342 mm.; pterothorax, length 0.360 mm., width 0.396 mm.; abdomen,

Hood — Australian Thysanoptera. 91

greatest width 0.540 mm. ; tube, length 0.294 mm., width at base 0.099 mm.,
at apex 0.046 mm.

Antennal segments: 12 345678
Length (m) 60 72 102 99 84 69 54 45

Width (fi) 50 36 35 37 34 32 24 16

Total length of antenna, 0.585 mm.

Described from one female taken on a window at Nelson, North Queens-
land, in July, by A. A. Girault.

The long tube, the coloration of the antennae and wings, and the promi-
nent interocellar bristles readily distinguish this species from its Australian

Vol. 32, pp. 93-96 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

SIX NEW BIRDS FROM CELEBES AND JAVA.

BY J. H. RILEY.1

Further study of the collection of birds made in Celebes2 by
Mr. H. C. Raven has revealed the fact that five additional forms
from that island and one from Java apparently require names.
They may be known from the following descriptions:

Excalfactoria chinensis palmeri, subsp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 219,195, Daroe, Java,
June 20, 1909. Collected by William Palmer (original No. 1000).

Similar to Excalfactoria chinensis lineata of the Philippines, but the back
and scapulars much mixed with slate color, the wing with much rufous,
and the rufous of the breast more extensive. Wing, 72; culmen, 11.5;
tarsus, 22; middle-toe, 18 mm.

Remarks. — In a series of twelve males of Excalfactoria chinensis lineata
from the Philippines, there is no rufous in the wings, except in one and then
it is only slight. Two males from Celebes have some rufous in the wing
but not to the same extent as Javan birds; their backs resemble the Philip-
pine form. The Celebes bird is very small and apparently represents a
recognizable race that Gould3 named and which will probably stand as
Excalfactoria chinensis minima. Of the mainland bird I have only one
male from the Malay Peninsula. It is like the Philippine form but much
lighter in color.

Anas superciliosa percna, subsp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 250,631, Koelawi, Cele-
bes, Feb. 3, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 3506).

Similar to Anas superciliosa rogersi but smaller and averaging darker,
especially on the throat. Wing, 250; tail, 98; culmen, 52.5; tarsus, 43
middle-toe, 53 mm.

Remarks. — In addition to the type, there are two males, two females,
and a downy young from the type locality taken February 2 and 3; two
males and two females from Dolo, December 26; one male from Winatoe,
January 21; and one male from Rano Lindoe, March 13.

i Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, pp. 155-160.
3P. Z. S., 1859, 128.

16 — Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (93)

94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

This series, while showing quite a little variation, agrees in being darker
and smaller than Australian birds; the throats are noticeably of a deeper
buff, more pinkish. From Anas superciliosa pelewensis, the Celebes bird
differs in being larger with the buff of the throat more extensive. Of Anas
superciliosa superciliosa my series is small and useless for comparison, but
as this race is said to be even larger than that from Australia, comparison
is not necessary.

Megalurus celebensis, sp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 252,087, Besoa, Celebes,
October 23, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 4551).

Similar to Megalurus amboinensis but larger, with the back more heavily
streaked with blackish, the cinnamon edges of the tertials broader, the
nape obscurely streaked with dusky, the blackish streaks on the wing-
coverts broader, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts streaked
with brownish black, and the buffy chest band more pronounced. Wing,
67; tail, 113.5; culmen, 12 mm.

Remarks. — Only two specimens were taken at the type locality and on
the same day; a male and female. The female is smaller than the male
with the streaks on the head extending onto the forehead and the black
streaking on the back narrower. A male specimen of Megalurus amboinen-
sis, with which the above species has been compared, has no streaks on the
nape whatever, the top of the head is a deeper sayal brown, and the lower
back and rump are without streaks, only the upper tail-coverts having
narrow dark shaft streaks. It measures: wing, 61; culmen, 12 mm.

This genus has not been hitherto recorded from Celebes.

Dicruropsis montana, sp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 252,150, Besoa, Celebes,
October 28, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 4586).

Similar to Dicruropsis leucops but much smaller, especially the bill and
feet; the metallic colors duller, more bronzy, and spots on the chest re-
duced in size; the .tail more forked, the feathers narrower, and the outer
pair less flared outwardly. Wing, 131; tail, 138; culmen, 24; tarsus, 19;
middle toe, 14 mm.

Remarks. — The present species is founded upon a male and female from
the type locality, a female from Rano Rano, and a female from Goenoeng
Lehio. All the above localities are in the mountains, in the general region
of Lake Lindoe, which is the unnamed lake on Meyer and Wiglesworth's
map1 to the northwest of Lake Posso.

In this genus there is practically no difference in color between the
sexes and very little difference in size; females average slightly smaller.
The three females of Dicruropsis montana measure as follows: wing, 133.5-
140 (137.5); tail, 133-152.5 (142.2); culmen, 24-24.5 (24.3); tarsus, 19.5-
20 (19.7); middle toe, 14-14.5 (14.2). Nine females of Dicruropsis leucops
measure: wing, 154-167 (159.4); tail, 131-150 (138.6); culmen, 29-35.5

i Birds Celebes, I, 1898, map. 2.

Riley — Six New Birds from Celebes and Java. 95

(32.6); tarsus, 24-26 (24.8); middle toe, 17-19 (18.2). From the above it
will be seen how greatly the two above species differ in size; differences
that can not be explained in any other way than that the smaller bird is
specifically distinct.

Pachycephala pluviosa, sp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 252,197, Rano Rano,
Celebes, December 22, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No.
4834).

Pileum and auriculars medal bronze, shading into buffy brown on the
foreneck; across upper back a band of deep neutral gray; rest of back
warbler green, becoming more yellowish on the rump; breast neutral gray,
becoming much lighter on the abdomen; under tail-coverts cinnamon;
flanks pyrite yellow; wings fuscous-black, the feathers edged outwardly
with the color of the back, this edging on the outer primaries very narrow
and grayish towards the tips; under wing-coverts and the inner margins
of the remiges where they rest against the body, cinnamon; tail above deep
neutral gray, the outer feathers fuscous-black on the inner web. Wing,
81.5; tail, 67; culmen, 13; tarsus, 21; middle toe, 13.5 mm.

The female resembles the male, except the pileum is saccardo's olive
with a yellowish wash and the chin and throat cinnamon-buff, streaked
with deep neutral gray.

Remarks. — The above species is founded upon a good series of both sexes
and one immature, all from the type locality. It is evidently similar to
Pachycephala bonthaina of south Celebes, but the pileum and throat are
brown, not greenish yellow-olive. Pachycephala bonensis of north Celebes
was described from an immature specimen. The immature specimen of
Pachycephala pluviosa when compared with the plate of Pachycephala
bonensis in Meyer and Wiglesworth1 presents a number of differences; the
former has the pileum saccardo's olive, the auriculars are like the pileum,
there are no cinnamon edgings to the outer primaries, the breast is without
a buffy-cinnamon band down the center, and there are other differences.

Zosterops atrifrons surda, subsp. nov.

Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 251,158, Rano Lindoe
Celebes, March 24, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No 4045).

Similar to Zosterops atrifrons Wallace, but larger, throat duller yellow,
the chest grayer, the white eye-ring narrower, the black sub-orbital streak
more diffused, and the back more greenish. Wing 57; tail, 39.5; culmen,
11; tarsus, 17; middle toe, 10 mm

Remarks. — The type of Zosterops atrifrons Wallace came from Menado.
In the present collection there is a good series from north Celebes and also
from the north-central mountainous part of the island. These two series
when compared are strikingly different to the eye though hard to dis-
criminate in words.

IBirdfl Celebes, 2, 1898, pi. 18.

96

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Zosterops subatrifrons Meyer and Wiglesworth from Peling Island is
described1 as having the throat clearer yellow and the breast whiter than
in Zosterops atrifrons atrifrons, while in the present race the reverse is the
case.

A series of males of the two forms average as follows:

Ten Zosterops a. atrifrons.
Eight Zosterops a. surda...

Wing.

Tail.

52.8

37.2

57.2
1

40.9

Culmen.
10.2
11.1

l Birds Celebes, 2, 1898, 490.

Vol. 32, pp. 97-104 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

UF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE GENERA CORYTHAICA STAL AND DOLICHO-

CYSTA CHAMPION.
(TINGIDAE: HETEROPTERA.)

BY EDMUND H. GIBSON.

Much confusion has existed in the identity and relationship
of the various species of the two Tingid genera Corythaica and
Dolichocysta. This state of affairs was probably based upon the
fact that until recently the known forms of Corythaica were
macropterous and those of Dolichocysta were brachypterous.
The writer has examined both long- and short-winged forms of
nearly every species of the two genera and is thus able to un-
tangle some of the systematic puzzles of this group.

The two genera are very closely related, but in general may
be separated by the facts that Dolichocysta is a more compact
form and has a distinct bulbous elevation on the elytra. Cory-
thaica has a certain degree of delicacy lacking in Dolichocysta
and is without the distinct bulbous elevation altho a swelling
may sometimes be noticeable and also an acute enlargement of
the carina separating the subcostal and discoidal areas may be
present.

This paper is largely based upon specimens in the U. S.
National Museum. In it are described two new species of
Dolichocysta and one of Corythaica. One species, Corythaica
monacha Stal, is of considerable economic importance, being
a decided enemy to eggplants in the West Indies. It is expected
that as general collecting increases, especially in Central and
South America, many new species will be discovered, but as
our study is to-day this paper brings our knowledge up to date.

The detailed shape of the pronotal hood and carinae and their

17— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (97)

98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

comparative measurements are not nearly as reliable for diag-
nostic specific characters as they are in other groups, such as
Corythucha Stal.

o

The Genus Corythaica Stal.

Corythaica was described by Stal in 1873 to include his Tingis monacha
which he had previously described in 1S60. The genus now consists of five
known species, one of which is herein described as new. Three of the species
are known to be of economic importance, feeding upon cultivated plants.

Distributional Groupings of Species.

The following distributional grouping of species may aid in the identi-
fication of species:

Eastern United States — bellula Bueno.
Western United States — acuta Drake.
Southern United States — carinata Uhler.
Central America — carinata Uhler.
West Indies — carinata Uhler, monacha Stal.
South America — monacha Stal, costata Gibson.

Food Plants op the Species.

The only recorded food plants for any of the species may be briefly listed
as follows:

Eggplant — carinata Uhler, monacha Stal. (also on wild eggplant).
Cotton — costata Gibson.
Castor Oil — monacha Stal.

Bueno reports that he captured bellula by sweeping a grassy meadow inter-
mingled with moss.

Corythaica Stal.

1873— Stal, Enum. Hemip., iii, pp. 120, 128.
1897 — Champion, Biol. Centr. Am., Heter., ii, p. 9.
1898 — Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 58.
1893— Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 716 (Typonotus).

Comparatively narrow and elongate, especially as compared with
Dolichocysta Champion. Head moderately long with rostral sulcus closed
in front. Antennae moderately long, first segment stout and longer than
second, third segment very long, fourth segment about as long as first
two taken together and prominently swollen. Pronotum with a prominent
hood, usually narrow, and extending beyond apex of head. Pronotum
with three membranous nearly parallel carinae, and lateral membranous
margins flaring. Elytra areolate, with areas prominently separated by
sharp carinate veins. No bulbous swelling between the discoidal and sub-
costal areas. Species may be represented by both long- and short-winged
forms.

Gibson — The Genera Corythaica and Dolichocysta. 99

Key to the Species.

1. Lateral margins of pronotum wide and angular 2.

Lateral margins of pronotum always rounded and usually narrow 4.

2. Costal area of elytra with two rows of areoles at its widest

part monacha Stal.

Costal area of elytra with but one row of areoles at its widest

part 3.

3. Subcostal area of elytra with but three rows of areoles at its

widest part costata n. sp.

Subcostal area of elytra with four or five rows of areoles at its
widest part acuta Drake.

4. Subcostal area of elytra noticeably wider than discoidal area

as viewed from above. Areoles of elytra not clouded, veins

very dark bellula Bueno.

Subcostal and discoidal areas about equal in width as viewed
from above. Numerous areoles of elytra clouded, veins
not so dark ....carinata Uhler.

Corythaica monacha Stal.

1860 — Stal, Rio Hem., i, p. 64 (Tingis monacha).

1864 — Costa, Ann. Mus. Zool., ii, p. 146 {Tingis cyathicollis) .

1873— Stal, Enum. Hem., iii, p. 128 (Corythaica monacha).

1893 — Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 716 (Typonotus planaris).

1917— Cotton, Jr. Dept. Agric, Porto Rico, 1, No. 3, pp. 170-173.

Pronotal hood curving downward in front of head, evenly narrowed
toward apex as viewed from above. The pronotal carinae high with a
distinct row of areoles and more or less wavy. Median carina higher and
longer than hood. Membranous margins of pronotum distinctly angular
and reflexed anteriorly, flaring and wide. Elytra entirely areolate, numer-
ous areoles being clouded. Costal area with two rows of areoles at its
widest part, subcostal with two or three, and discoidal with three. Body
beneath brown. Legs light yellowish brown. General appearance light.
Intensity of color varies greatly. Only long-winged forms are known to
the writer.

Uhler's type specimen of Typonotus planaris is in the collection of the
U. S. National Museum. Numerous specimens from St. Vincent Island,
Porto Rico, and Grenada have been examined. Labels on various speci-
mens indicate that they have been collected from Solanum torvum, Solarium
mdongena, and Ricinus communis.

The biology of this lace-bug is treated by Mr. R. T. Cotton in the
Journal of the Dept. of Agriculture of Porto Rico, for July, 1917.

Corythaica costata, n. sp.

Pronotal hood comparatively wide at base. Median carina high, lateral
carinae widening anteriorly, otherwise parallel. Membranous margins of
pronotum appearing angular as viewed from above, wide. Costal area of

100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

elytra with one row of areoles, subcostal with three, and discoidal four at
its widest part. General color of insect light brown, no definite color mark-
ings, elytra more or less mottled with darker brown. Antennae and legs
light yellowish brown, unicolorous. Body dark beneath. Length 2.6 mm.
male.

Type d\ Santa Clara, Peru. Collected from cotton by Mr. C. H. T. Town-
send. Paratype 9 , same data as type. Both in the collection of the U. S.
National Museum. Type No. 22,291.

Corythaica acuta Drake.
1917— Drake, Ohio Jr. Science, xviii, No. 6, p. 214 (Dolichocysta) .

Pronotal hood comparatively broad at base with areoles smaller than
in costata. Carinae, wavy and nearly of the same height. Membranous
margins angular as viewed from above, because of the anterior portion
being renexed. Elytra with one row of areoles in costal area and subcostal
area with four or five rows at its widest part, Discoidal area narrower than
subcostal and long. Membranous portions white, somewhat mottled but
not as much so as in costata. Antennae and legs concolorous and darker
than membranous portions altho of a light yellowish brown. Body dark
beneath.

Drake gives its distribution as Colorado and Montana. A paratype
from Colorado is in the Collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Drake describes this as a new species of the genus Dolichocysta Champ.
As it lacks the bulbous elevation on the elytra and is of the narrow type the
writer considers it properly transferred to Corythaica.

Corythaica bellula Bueno.
1917— Bueno, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, xii, p. 19.

Pronotal hood evenly conical as viewed from above and more acute than
in other species, areoles very prominent. Carinae straight, not wavy,
lateral carinae fartherest apart at the middle. Lateral membranous margins
biseriate, narrow and rounding. Pronotum a chestnut brown, membranous
portions light with veins of the hood much darkened, median vein nearly
black.

Elytra with a single row of areoles in costal area, five rows in subcostal,
and three rows in discoidal area. Veins much darkened, some appearing
black. Antennae and legs concolorous, yellowish. Insect chestnut brown
beneath.

The only locality from which this species has been collected is White
Plains, N. Y. Several specimens are in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum.

Corythaica carinata Uhler.

1894— Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 203.
1901 — Champion, Biol. Centr. Amer., ii, p. 9.

Pronotal hood long extending for one-half its length beyond the eyes as

Gibson — The Genera Corythaica and Dolichocysta. 101

viewed from above, raised anteriorly. Lateral membranous margins
biseriate, rounding and narrow. Carinae nearly parallel, the median one
much higher than the lateral ones. Elytra with one row of areoles in costal
area, subcostal and discoidal each with three rows. Veins of elytra dark,
giving the insect a generally dark appearance. Areoles at apex of elytra
clouded with brown also the second areole of costal area in front clouded
apical areoles darkened. Also two areoles clouded in costal area opposite
apex of pronotum. Legs and antennae concolorous, yellowish brown.
Insect chestnut brown beneath.

Several specimens in U. S. National Museum from the West Indies; one
specimen from Texas. The species is also known to occur in Central
America.

One specimen bears the food plant label of eggplant.

The Genus Dolichocysta Champion.

Dolichocysta was described by Champion in 1898 for his venusta, which
is the type of the genus. The genus now consists of four species, two of
which are herein described as new and one, constricta Osb. and Drake, is
transferred from the genus Corythaica within which genus it was originally
described. Practically nothing is known of the economic importance of
any of the species.

The distribution of the species may be listed as follows:
Central Western United States — constricta Osb. & Dr., magna Gibson.
South Western United States — venusta Champ.
Southern United States — densata Gibson.

Dolichocysta Champion.

1898 — Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 56.
1917— Drake, Ohio Jr. Science, xvii, No. 6, p. 214.

Closely related to Corythaica. In general form more compact. Head
moderately long with rostral sulcus closed in front. Antennae moderately
long, first segment stout and longer than the second, third very long, fourth
about as long as first two taken together and prominently swollen. Pro-
notum with a large hood, long, extending beyond the head, and three
membranous nearly parallel carinae. Lateral margins of pronotum flaring,
membranous. Elytra with a prominent bulbous elevation near the middle,
along the carinae which separates the subcostal and costal areas. Species
may be represented by both long- and short- winged forms.

Key to the Species.

1. Costal area of elytra with one row of areoles

constricta Osb. & Dr.
Costal area of elytra with at least two rows of areoles 2.

2. Elevation on elytra appearing as tho flattened as viewed

from above venusta Champ.

Elevation on elytra not appearing flattened, acute or well rounded.... 3.

102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,

3. Elevation on elytra large, in length at least one-third of dis-

coidal area. Areoles in hood small. magna n. sp.

Elevation on elytra smaller, not so long as one-third the length

of discoidal area. Areoles on hood comparatively larger

densata n. sp.

Dolichocysta venusta Champion.

1898 — Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 57.
1917— Drake, Ohio Jr. Science, xvii, No. 6, p. 214.
1917 — Van Duzee, Cat. Hemiptera of N. A. etc., p. 215.

Pronotal hood large and broad, especially at base, apex blunt as viewed
from above. Carinae wavy, membranous margins wide, flaring and rounded.
Antennae only moderately long. Posterior pronotal process with large
areoles, pronotum finely punctate before. Elytra with a prominent bulbous
elevation along each carina which separates the subcostal and discoidal
areas. This elevation is evenly rounded and as viewed from above appears
somewhat flattened. Costal area with heavy veins which are irregularly
branched, making two irregular rows of areoles. Subcostal and discoidal
areas with about six rows of areoles.

General appearance of insect dark, veins of membranous portions irregu-
larly darkened giving a mottled appearance as viewed from above. An-
tennae and legs yellowish brown. Last segment of antennae much dark-
ened. The first two segments of antennae and femur of legs chestnut
brown. Tibiae yellowish brown. Beneath the insect is chestnut brown to
black.

The specimens examined are all from Los Angeles, California. It is
also recorded from Lower California and Colorado.

Practically nothing is known of its food plants.

Dolichocysta magna, n. sp.

Pronotal hood not as broad as in venusta Champ. Carinae wavy, mem-
branous margins wide, flaring and rounded. Elytra with a prominent
bulbous elevation but which is not so large or rounding as in venusta. As
viewed from above it is more narrow and acutely rounded above, not at
all flattened. Costal area regularly biseriate, subcostal and discoidal areas
with about six rows of areoles.

General appearance resembles venusta. Legs somewhat darker.

Type d\ Fort Collins, Colorado; allotype $ , Hill City, South Dakota;
paratype 9 , Nebraska. All in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
Type No. 22,293.

Dolichocysta densata, n. sp.

Closely resembles the preceding species, from which it differs only in
the wider and more evenly rounded membranous margins of the pronotum,
the larger and higher elevation on the elytra, and the two irregular rows of
areoles in the costal area of the elytra.

Gibson — The Genera Corythaica and Dolichocysta. 103

Type, 9 allotype c?, two paratypes $ , all from San Diego, Texas, and
in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Type No. 22,294.
Densata is a manuscript name of Uhler.

Dolichocysta constricta Osb. & Drake.

1917 — Osborn and Drake, Ohio Jr. Science, xvii, No. 8, p. 304.
1917 — Van Duzee, Cat. Hemiptera, p. 817.

The following description is taken from part of the original by Drake.
The species was described from a single specimen from Colorado which
the writer has not seen, but according to Drake's description it is plain
that it belongs in this genus.

"Hood elongate, a little more arched and narrowed anteriorly than in
Corythaica carinata Uhl. Pronotum closely punctate . . . median carina more
strongly raised anteriorly, with one complete row of areoles and three or
four extra cells at the highest part. . . . Pronotal margins biseriate, strongly
reflexed. . . . Elytra reaching considerably beyond abdomen, broader and
more strongly constricted just back of the middle than in C. carinata, the
tumid elevation moderately large; costal area uniseriate, . . . subcostal area
mostly triseriate; discoidal area not quite reaching the middle of the
elytra with four rows of cells at the widest part ; sutural area broad. Length
2.62 mm.; width 1 mm.

Color: General color grayish, with fuscous markings. Body beneath
brownish, the thorax darker brown. Legs brownish, the tips of tarsi in-
fuscated. Antennae brownish. Pronotum brownish. Elytra grayish-
brown, with a transverse costal band in front of constriction, another near
apex, and a few apical spots fuscous."

Vol. 32, pp. 105-110 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE NEW NORTH AMERICAN

PIKAS.

BY ARTHUR H. HOWELL.

Study of the North American pikas of the genus Ochotona
has resulted in the discovery of a number of new forms, nine of
which are here named in advance of a revision of the group now
in preparation.

Ochotona princeps lutescens, subsp. nov.

Type.— No. 108,650, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; adult d\ skin and skull; from Mt. Inglesmaldie, near Banff, Alberta;
collected July 26, 1899, by G. F. Dippie; original number 193 (2973, "X"
catalogue).

Subspecific characters. — Similar to princeps, but smaller; coloration de-
cidely paler, both above and below.

Color. — Type (acquiring summer pelage) : Upperparts mixed pinkish buff
and fuscous, darkest in the middle of the back, shading to clear pinkish
buff along sides; hinder back (in worn winter pelage) smoke gray, blotched
with pinkish buff and fuscous; ears hair-brown, broadly margined with
light buff and clothed inside with buffy white hairs; feet creamy white,
faintly washed with pinkish buff; soles drab; palms pale olive-buff; under-
parts creamy white, faintly washed with pale pinkish buff, chiefly along
median line.

Skull. — Averaging decidedly smaller than that of princeps, with shorter
nasals.

Measurements. — Average of 8 adults (4 males, 4 females) from Canmore,
Alberta: Total length, 177 (170-188); hind foot, 29.4 (26-31). Skull (of
type, adult male): Occipito-nasal length, 43.3; zygomatic breadth, 21.6;
breadth of cranium, 18; interorbital breadth, 5.3; width of palatal bridge,
2; length of nasals, 13.9.

Remarks. — This race is a strongly characterized form occupying, ap-
parently, the ranges in southern Alberta lying to the eastward of the main
divide of the Rocky Mountains. A considerable series has been examined
from the vicinity of Banff, and a few from Mt. Forget-me-not, Alberta.

18— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (105)

106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Ochotona uinta ventorum, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 176,778, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; cf adult, skin and skull; from Fremont Peak, Wind River Mountains,
Wyoming; collected July 19, 1911, by H. E. Anthony; original number 395.

Subspecific characters. — Size of uinta; color in winter pelage paler and
more grayish (less buffy); hind feet paler; summer pelage less intensely
buffy, both dorsally and ventrally. Compared with princeps: Size larger;
color in both pelages paler (less blackish).

Color. — Type (acquiring summer pelage) : Head, shoulders, and fore back
cinnamon-buff, strongly washed with fuscous-black; sides and hinder back
(in worn winter pelage) smoke gray, faintly washed with pinkish buff;
ears chaetura drab, margined with buffy white; feet pale pinkish buff;
soles hair-brown; palms soiled buffy white; underparts soiled whitish,
faintly washed with light buff. Winter pelage (specimen from Jackson,
Wyoming, September 19) : General tone of upperparts between drab and
wood brown, shading on sides to light pinkish cinnamon; front of face
washed with clay color; head and back washed with fuscous; rump blotched
with blackish; underparts soiled white, faintly washed with pinkish buff;
ears deep mouse gray; feet pinkish buff.

Skull. — Closely similar to that of uinta; larger than that of princeps,
with longer nasals.

Measurements. — Type (adult cf): Total length, 186; hind foot, 31.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 44; zygomatic breadth, 21.5; breadth of
cranium 17.8; interorbital breadth, 4.6; width of palatal bridge, 2; length
of nasals, 15.

Remarks. — This race occupies the Wind River, Gros Ventre, Absaroka,
and Teton Ranges in northwestern Wyoming and the Beartooth Mountains
in southwestern Montana. It is closely related to uinta, as shown by the
skull; the coloration in all pelages is more grayish and less buffy, this
difference being most strikingly shown in the worn winter pelage of June
or July specimens.

Ochotona uinta lemhi, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. Mfffj U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collection;
Q adult, skin and skull; from Lemhi Mountains, 10 miles west of Junction,
Idaho; collected August 19, 1890, by Clark P. Streator; original number 174.

Subspecific characters. — Size small (much smaller than ventorum; slightly
smaller than princeps); color in summer pelage similar to ventorum but
paler; much paler than princeps; in winter pelage nearest to princeps, but
paler and more grayish.

Color. — Type (acquiring summer pelage) : Head, shoulders, and fore back
cinnamon buff, washed with fuscous; hinder back (retaining worn winter
pelage) smoke gray, washed with fuscous; sides grayish white, washed with
pinkish buff ; feet pinkish buff, the soles hair-brown; ears externally chaetura
black, internally fuscous, with light buff hairs, the margins light buff;
underparts soiled whitish, moderately washed with pinkish buff.

Skull. — Similar to that of ventorum, but shorter and relatively broader;

Howell — Nine New North American Pikas. 107

averaging slightly smaller than that of princeps, the nasals narrower
posteriorly.

Measurements— Type (adult 9): Total length, 180; hind foot, 28.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 41.3; zygomatic breadth, 20.4; breadth of
cranium, 17; interorbital breadth, 4.8; width of palatal bridge, 2.1; length
of nasals, 14.3.

Remarks. — The Lemhi pika is most nearly related to ventorum, with
which it intergrades in southwestern Montana (Emigrant Peak, Park
County). A large series is available from the type locality, and smaller
series from Little Lost River Mountains, Ketchum, Stanley Lake, the head
of Wood River, and mountains east of Birch Creek, Idaho.

Ochotona uinta nevadensis, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 94,213, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; adult female, skin and skull; from Ruby Mountains, southwest of
Ruby Valley P. O., Nevada, altitude 10,500 feet; collected June 21, 1898,
by Vernon Bailey; original number 6580.

Subspecific characters. — Similar in worn winter pelage to uinta, but
distinctly paler, and sides of nose and face more extensively grayish. Com-
pared with cinnamomea: Color very much paler; skull larger, with much
broader palatal bridge and longer nasals. Compared with lemhi: Size
smaller; skull natter; nasals broader posteriorly.1

Color. — Type (in worn winter pelage): Upperparts mixed pinkish buff
and fuscous, darkest in the median line and on front of face; sides of nose
and face smoke gray; ears fuscous, margined with light buff; sides pinkish
buff; feet pale pinkish buff; soles drab; palms soiled buffy white; under-
parts grayish white, moderately washed with pinkish buff.

Skull. — Closely similar to that of uinta, with long, wide nasals and broad
palatal bridge.

Measurements. — Type (adult female): Total length, 200; hind foot, 32;
occipito-nasal length, 44.1; zygomatic breadth, 21.2; breadth of cranium,
18; interorbital breadth, 5.2; width of palatal bridge, 2.8; length of nasals,
14.5.

Remarks. — The Ruby Mountains pika, as shown by its skull characters,
is most nearly related to uinta of the high mountains of eastern Utah, the
ranges of the two forms being separated by the Great Salt Lake Desert.
It is widely different from cinnamomea of the Beaver Mountains, the latter
being in the schisticeps group. At present the new form is known only
from two adults and one young specimen in worn winter pelage ; additional
material in fresh summer or fall pelage is needed before a complete descrip-
tion can be prepared.

Ochotona saxatilis incana, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 128,914, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; y adult, skin and skull; from Pecos Baldy, New Mexico, altitude 12,000
feet; collected August 10, 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original number 8079.

i Color differences not definable, through lack of comparable material.

108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Subspecific characters. — Similar in size and coloration to O. saxatilis
saxatilis, but general tone of upperparts in summer pelage paler and less
tawny; in winter pelage more grayish and less ochraceous. Compared with
nigrescens: Upperparts paler and more buffy.

Color. — Type (acquiring summer pelage) : General tone of upperparts
between cinnamon-buff and pinkish buff, moderately washed with fuscous
or fuscous-black; sides cinnamon-buff, shading posteriorly to pinkish buff;
rump (in worn winter pelage) smoke gray; ears chaetura black, margined
with buffy white and blotched on inner surface with the same color; feet
pinkish buff, washed with cinnamon-buff; soles chaetura drab; palms soiled
whitish, tinged with drab; underparts soiled whitish, washed with pinkish
buff.

Skull. — Closely similar to that of saxatilis, but nasals averaging slightly
shorter.

Measurements. — Type (adult 9): Total length, 202; hind foot, 33.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 46.8; zygomatic breadth, 22.5; breadth of
cranium, 19; interorbital breadth, 5.3; width of palatal bridge, 2.5; length
of nasals, 15.8.

Remarks. — This form is closely related to saxatilis, of the Colorado
Mountains, but is widely different from nigrescens of the Jemez Mountains,
New Mexico. Its range includes the Pecos River, Taos, and Culebra
Ranges in northern New Mexico, extending, probably, into Colorado as
far as Sierra Blanca.

Ochotona fenisex brunnescens, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 227,259, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; cT subadult, skin and skull; from Keechelus, Washington; collected
August 23, 1917, by George G. Cantwell; original number, 38 (19568, "X"
catalogue).

Subspecific characters. — Similar (in winter pelage) to fenisex,1 but upper-
parts decidedly browner (less grayish) and underparts more buffy.

Color. — Type (in fresh pelage, August 23) : Upperparts mixed cinnamon
and fuscous, the general tone near snuff brown; sides deep pinkish cinna-
mon, shading to light pinkish cinnamon; ears chaetura black, margined
with buffy white; feet soiled whitish, washed with light pinkish cinnamon;
soles chaetura black; palms hair-brown; underparts light pinkish cinnamon.

Skull.— Similar to that of fenisex but averaging larger, with relatively
shorter nasals.

Measurements. — Type (subadult c?): Total length 200; hind foot, 33.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 42.9; zygomatic breadth, 22.1; breadth of
cranium, 18.4; interorbital breadth, 5.6; width of palatal bridge, 2.6; length
of nasals, 14.1.

Remarks. — The Cascade pika is a strongly marked race, and has an
extensive range on the high Cascades, from the vicinity of Chilliwack in

lAs distinguished by specimens from near Okanagan, British Columbia, and Horse-
shoe Basin, near Mt. Chopaka, Washington.

Howell — Nine New North American Pikas. 109

southwestern British Columbia south to Crater Lake, Oregon. It has been
identified by most recent writers1 with Lagomys minimus Lord (= Ochotona
fenisex Osgood), but material now in hand indicates that the latter is a
paler animal, occupying the interior ranges to the eastward of the main
Cascade Range.

Ochotona fenisex fumosa, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 91,144, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collection;
cT adult, skin and skull; from Permilia Lake, west base Mt. Jefferson,
Oregon; collected October 4, 1897, by J. Alden Loring; original number
4799.

Subspecific characters.— Similar to 0. fenisex brunnescens, but coloration
darker, with much black on dorsal surface in fresh winter pelage.

Color. — Type (in winter pelage) : Upperparts a mixture of vinaceous-
cinnamon and black, the median dorsal area nearly solid black, shading on
sides to nearly clear vinaceous-cinnamon; sides of nose dark smoke gray and
top of head shaded with the same; sides of neck, beneath ears, washed with
cinnamon-buff; ears chaetura black, edged with buffy white; feet cinnamon-
buff; soles chaetura drab; palms hair-brown; underparts soiled whitish,
strongly washed along middle of belly with vinaceous-cinnamon, shading
on throat to pinkish cinnamon. Summer pelage (specimen from Three
Sisters, Oregon, July 15): Similar to the winter pelage, but upperparts
less blackish, less buffy, and more strongly shaded with grayish.

Skull. — Similar to that of brunnescens, but averaging slightly narrower;
posterior border of palate with a very small spine in the middle of the post-
palatal notch.

Measurements. — Type (c? adult): Total length, 202; hind foot, 33.
Skull: Occipito-nasal length, 44.5; zygomatic breadth, 21.3; breadth of
cranium, 18.2; interorbital breadth, 5.3; width of palatal bridge, 2.4; length
of nasals, 15.4.

Remarks. — This is a very dark form, occupying the western slopes of the
Cascade Range in Oregon. It is known at present from the west slope of
Mt. Jefferson, Three Sisters, Mackenzie Bridge, and Clackamas River, 15
miles above Estacada.

Ochotona schisticeps jewetti,2 subsp. nov.

Type— No. 208,352, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey col-
lection; adult cT, skin and skull; from head of Pine Creek, near Cornucopia,
south slope Wallowa Mts., Baker County, Oregon; collected September
3, 1915, by Stanley G. Jewett; original number 2362.

Subspecific characters. — Nearest to O. schisticeps schisticeps, but paler in
summer pelage, and slightly darker in winter pelage; decidedly darker than
0. schisticeps muiri, in both summer and winter; paler (less blackish) than
0. s. taylori in both pelages.

iSee especially, Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, I, p. 39, 1899.
2 Named for Mr. Stanley G. Jewett in recognition of his excellent field work on Oregon
mammals.

110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Color. — Type (summer pelage): Upperparts light pinkish cinnamon,
mixed with fuscous; sides of nose pale smoke gray; sides of face, occiput,
and nape washed with the same ; ears chaetura drab, margined with grayish
white and faintly washed with the same inside ; sides light pinkish cinnamon ;
feet grayish white, washed with light pinkish cinnamon; soles chaetura
drab; palms grayish white, washed with drab; underparts grayish white,
washed with light pinkish cinnamon. Winter pelage: Closely similar to
schisticeps in the corresponding pelage, but slightly darker.

Skull. — Closely similar to that of schisticeps.

Measurements. — Average of 12 adults (6 males, 6 females) from type
region: Total length, 182 (165-195); hind foot, 31 (30-32). Skull— Type
(cT adult): Occipito-nasal length, 42.6; zygomatic breadth, 21.6; breadth
of cranium, 19; interorbital breadth, 5.2; width of palatal bridge, 1.5:
length of nasals, 13.7.

Remarks. — The pika of the Blue Mountains is most nearly related to
0. schisticeps schisticeps of the high Sierra Nevada; its range, however,
is separated from that of schisticeps by the intervening lava bed region,
occupied by O. schisticeps taylori.

Ochotona schisticeps fuscipes, subsp. nov.

Type. — No. 158,094, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey collec-
tion; cT adult, skin and skull; from Brian Head, Parawan Mts., Utah;
Collected September 7, 1908, by Wilfred H. Osgood; original number 3475.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to O. cinnamomea but larger, with larger
and relatively broader skull; coloration above more blackish and less in-
tensely cinnamon; very similar to 0. schisticeps taylori, but general tone
pinkish cinnamon, rather than vinaceous cinnamon; head paler and more
grayish; underparts paler.

Color. — Type (summer pelage): Upperparts mixed light pinkish cinna-
mon and fuscous-black (the blackish prevailing); tip of nose fuscous-black;
sides of nose and face smoke gray, tinged with buff and washed with fuscous;
back of head and nape washed with pale neutral gray; ears fuscous-black,
margined with buffy white; sides pinkish cinnamon mixed with fuscous,
becoming clear pinkish cinnamon along line of belly; hind feet soiled whit-
ish, washed with pale cinnamon-buff, the soles fuscous; front feet cinnamon-
buff, the palms hair-brown; underparts grayish white, heavily washed with
pinkish cinnamon.

Skull. — Similar to that of cinnamomea, but larger and relatively broader,
with larger audital bullae.

Measurements. — Type (adult cT): Total length, 195; hind foot, 30.5;
average of 4 adult females: 201; 30.2. Skull (of type): Occipito-nasal
length, 41.7; zygomatic breadth, 21.4; interorbital breadth, 5; width of
palatal bridge, 1.4; length of nasals, 12.3.

Remarks. — This race, at present known only from the Parawan Range,
is based on a series of 5 adults and one young in summer pelage. Although
occupying a range of mountains practically continuous with the Beaver
Range — the home of O. cinnamomea — the present form is apparently much
more closely related to schisticeps of the northern high Sierra and to taylori
of southern Oregon that it is to cinnamomea. Its range is separated, how-
ever, from the ranges of these forms by a broad expanse of desert.

Vol. 32, pp. 111-112 May 20, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW CHEILANTHES FROM MEXICO.
BY WILLIAM R. MAXON.

In distinguishing recently2 the characters separating Cheilan-
thes tomentosa Link and C. Eatoni Baker, whose ranges overlap
in the territory from Oklahoma to the Mexican border region
of New Mexico and Arizona, the following apparently unde-
scribed Mexican species was detected:

Cheilanthes castanea Maxon, sp. nov.
Rhizome short-creeping, nodose or short-branching, the divisions 1 to
3 cm. long, less than 1 cm. thick, densely paleaceous, the scales oblique,
imbricate, falcate, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, about 0.6 mm. broad at the base,
subulate-attenuate, rather lax, tawny, with a distinct glossy, dark brown,
sclerotic, median stripe extending nearly to the filiform, flexuous tip. Fronds
few, very closely distichous, erect, 16 to 30 cm. long; stipe 9 to 18 cm. long,
castaneous, sublustrous beneath a thin covering of appressed to rigidly
ascending, pale tawny scales, the larger of these linear-attenuate, underlaid
by minute acicular ones; lamina linear to linear-oblong, long-acuminate,
7 to 17 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. broad, tripinnate, the rachis similar to the stipe
but with larger and more numerous scales; larger pinnae 8 to 12 pairs,
spreading (or with age oblique and involute), distant, sessile, deltoid-
oblong, acutish, slightly inequilateral; secondary rachises persistently
paleaceous, the scales rather large, flaccid, imbricate, linear-deltoid to
ovate, long-acuminate, firmly attached at the cordate base, erose-denticu-
late, tawny; segments of the larger pinnules mostly 3 or 5, oblong, entire,
unequal, the terminal ones the longest (up to 4 mm. long), with a cuneate
base; segments loosely but copiously tomentose beneath with spirally
crispate, light castaneous hairs, glabrate above, the few similar but griseous
hairs easily deciduous; segments mostly fertile, the recurved margin gradu-
ally thinner, slightly repand, minutely sinuate, pale, hardly forming a
proper indusium; sporangia not concealed at maturity, the tomentum
separating evenly from the indusiiform margin. Leaf tissue rather rigidly
herbaceous, dull grayish green.

i Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
SAmer. Fern Journ. 9: 3, 4. 1919.

19— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (Ill)

112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 827,224, collected in the
mountains 12 to 14 leagues south of Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico,
March 22 to 30, 1880, by Edward Palmer (No. 1390). A second specimen
of the same collection is mounted on sheet No. 41,934.

Determined by Eaton1 as Cheilanthes gracillima, a species described
from the Cascade Mountains, Oregon, and ranging from Vancouver Island
to western Montana, southward in the mountains to Nevada and the
Yosemite region, California. Notwithstanding its much greater size, it
resembles C. gracillima considerably in outline and subdivision of the
lamina; but in minute characters that species is very different, for example,
in the presence of minute, deciduous, stellate scales (rather than hairs) upon
the upper surface of the segments, and in the scaly vestiture of the rachises,
the scales being much narrower and copiously long-ciliate (rather than
erose-denticulate) . The relationship of C. castanea is apparently with
C. Eatoni, from which species it differs sufficiently in its fewer and several
times larger segments, these glabrate above and separate, not closely
enveloped and held together by a mass of entangled hairs arising from both
surfaces, as in C. Eatoni. The scales of the rachises are quite different in
character also.

Pringle's 11,277, from Hidalgo, is apparently the same plant in a less
mature condition. It was distributed as C. gracillima.

iProc. Amer. Acad. 18: 1S6. 1883.

Vol. 32, pp. 113-118 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTIONS OF APPARENTLY NEW COLOMBIAN

BIRDS.

BY W. E. CLYDE TODD.

In this paper, the seventh of the series to appear in these
Proceedings, nineteen forms believed to be new are character-
ized, all from Colombia, and all (with one exception) based on
material received in the last few years from Mr. M. A. Carriker,
Jr., who has been collecting in the interests of the Carnegie
Museum. All measurements are in millimeters, and the names
of colors are from Mr. Robert Ridgway's "Color Standards
and Color Nomenclature." The author's acknowledgments
are due to Mr. Waldron DeWitt Miller and Mr. Harry C.
Oberholser for their advice and assistance in deciding the status
of certain of these forms.

Atlapetes semirufus majusculus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Atlapetes semirufus semirufus (Boissonneau) of the Bogota
region of Colombia, but averaging slightly larger and much paler through-
out; the throat tinged with yellowish; the back, wing- and tail-edgings,
and flanks lighter olive green; and the breast and sides paler, aniline yellow
instead of raw sienna. Wing (type), 78; tail, 81; exposed culmen, 13.5;
tarsus, 27.

Type, No. 59,763, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Pena
Blanca, Santander, Colombia, March 6, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Phcenicothraupis rubica coccinea, subsp. nov.
Nearest apparently to Phcenicothraupis rubica amabilis von Berlepsch,
but adult male brighter and more uniform red below, the sides and flanks
less grayish; adult female with the under parts deeper and more uniform
buffy brown.

Type, No. 60,728, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; La Colorado,
Boyaca, Colombia, April 29, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

20— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (113)

114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Cistothorus aequatorialis fulvescens, subsp. nov.

Similar to Cistothorus cequatorialis cequatorialis Lawrence of Ecuador and
the Central Andes of Colombia, but decidedly more rufescent throughout,
the general tone of the upper parts nearer light Brussels brown than deep
tawny olive; and the under parts more strongly shaded with cinnamon
buffy, with little or no white medially.

Type, No. 58,258, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Paramo
Guerrero, Santander, Colombia, October 13, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Leucolepis lawrencii assimilis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Leucolepis lawrencii lawrencii (Sclater), but generally paler;
upper parts nearer raw umber than mummy brown; and lower breast and
abdomen decidedly more grayish, less brownish.

Type, No. 63,860, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Sautata,
Rio Atrato, Colombia, January 22, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Leucolepis phseocephalus propinquus, subsp. nov.

Decidedly paler in general coloration than Leucolepis ph&ocephalus
phceocephalus (Sclater), the upper parts Prout's brown instead of deep
chestnut brown, and the under parts correspondingly paler also, with the
throat in more decided contrast with the rest of the under surface.

Antioquia specimens, representing Cyphorhinus brunnescens Sharpe,
while tending slightly towards the characters of this pale northern race, are
obviously referable to the typical form, described from Ecuador.

Type, No. 52,813, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult (male?); Jara-
quiel, Bolivar, Colombia, March 7, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Mecocerculus leucophrys notatus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Mecocerculus leucophrys setophagoides (Bonaparte), but more
richly colored above, the upper parts much darker and more sooty olive;
and the wing-bars and external margins of the secondaries ochraceous buff
instead of buffy white.

Type, No. 70,509, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Leonera
(near Caldas), Colombia, September 6, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Platytriccus albogularis neglect us, subsp. nov.

Similar in general to Platytriccus albogularis albogularis (Sclater), of
Ecuador and western Colombia, but decidedly duller and paler throughout;
the upper parts, sides of the pileum, etc., paler, more olivaceous; the under
parts with much less buffy and brownish suffusion.

Type, No. 60,680, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; La Colorado,
Boyaca, Colombia, April 28, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Myiobius semiflavus, sp. nov.

Above plain olive green, the pileum with a partially concealed median
patch of empire yellow, the rump and upper tail-coverts pale lemon yellow ;
wings dusky,the remiges margined externally with buffy citrine, most con-

Todd — Descriptions of New Colombian Birds. 115

spicuous basally; tail dull black; beneath pale lemon yellow, the throat
still paler (martius yellow), the breast and sides shaded with pyrite yellow
or yellowish citrine. Wing (type), 68; tail, 59; exposed culmen, 13; tarsus,
17.

Type, No. 58,638, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Tambor,
Santander, Colombia, November 23, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Pipra erythrocephala flammiceps, subsp. nov.

Similar to Pipra erythrocephala erythrocephala (Linnaeus), but averaging
smaller, and pileum, hindneck, and sides of head and neck much brighter
and more reddish orange (orange chrome). Wing (type), 54; tail, 17; ex-
posed culmen, 8.5; tarsus, 13.5.

Type, No. 58,777, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Tambor,
Santander, Colombia, November 29, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Pipra velutina minuscula, subsp. nov.

Similar to Pipra velutina velutina von Berlepsch of Panama and Costa
Rica, but constantly smaller, and adult male decidedly blacker throughout.
Wing (type), 56; tail, 25; exposed culmen, 6.5; tarsus, 12.5.

Type, No. 64,604, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Quibdo,
Rio Atrato, Colombia, March 19, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Hylopezus perspicillatus pallidior, subsp. nov.

Similar to Hylopezus perspicillatus perspicillatus (Lawrence), but de-
cidedly paler in general coloration; the wing-markings, sides of head, etc.,
paler buffy ; the pileum paler, duller gray; and the back lighter olive green.

Type, No. 59,199, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Tambor,
Santander, Colombia, December 29, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Grallaria alticola, sp. nov.

Above, including pileum, deep sepia brown, brightening into Dresden
brown on the upper tail coverts ; wings externally and tail like the back, the
primaries usually somewhat paler; lores and sides of head dull buffy, the
auriculars shaded with dusky; throat buffy white, deepening posteriorly
and laterally into antimony yellow ; rest of under surface buffy ochraceous,
indistinctly mottled with whitish tips to the feathers; under wing-coverts
bright ochraceous tawny. Wing (type), 93; tail, 50; exposed culmen, 21;
tarsus, 46.

Type, No. 59,904, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Lagunillas,
Boyaca, Colombia, March 17, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Leptasthenura andicola exterior, subsp. nov.

Similar to Leptasthenura andicola extima Todd of the Santa Marta
region of Colombia, which it moreover resembles in having the wings
externally extensively rufescent, but pileum more rufescent, being in fact
amber brown, streaked with black, and under parts in general paler and

116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

less distinctly streaked. Easily distinguished from L. a. andicola Sclater
and L. a. certhia von Madarasz by the coloration of the pileum and wings.

Type. No. 59,797, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Lagunillas,
Boyaca, Colombia, March 13, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Deconychura typica minor, subsp. nov.

Similar to Deconychura typica typica Cherrie, but somewhat smaller;
upper parts more olivaceous, less rufescent, and buffy markings of under
parts paler and more restricted. Wing (type), 92; tail, 89; exposed culmen,
22; tarsus, 19.

Type, No. 59,022, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Tambor,
Santander, Colombia, December 11, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Celeus innotatus degener, subsp. nov.

Similar to Celeus innotatus innotatus Todd, but averaging smaller,
slightly paler above, and paler and rather more heavily marked below; the
abdomen much paler, warm buff, contrasting with the breast. Wing
(type), 114; tail, 60; exposed culmen, 21; tarsus. 18.5.

Type, No. 59,024, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Tambor,
Santander, Colombia, December 11, 1916; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Veniliornis chocoensis, sp. nov.

Nearest apparently to Veniliornis cassini (Malherbe) of Guiana, etc.,
but more heavily barred beneath, the black bars predominating; breast
strongly washed with ochraceous tawny; wing-coverts plain, without any
wash of red. Wing (type), 94; tail (worn), 48; exposed culmen, 20; tar-
sus, 15.

Type, No. 66,678, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Malagita,
Choco, Colombia, May 15, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Nonnula frontalis pallescens, subsp. nov.

Similar to Nonnula frontalis frontalis (Sclater), but under parts much
paler, the throat and breast cinnamon buff or clay color, and the abdomen
and under tail-coverts nearly white.

Type, No. 49,517, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Fundacion,
Santa Marta, Colombia, October 6, 1915; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Odontophorus variegatus, sp. nov.

With a general resemblance to Odontophorus atrifrons Allen, but black of
crown more extended, reaching the nape, which is argus brown; white
shaft streaks on scapulars much wider, the feathers boldly blotched with
black and chestnut, giving the back a prominently spotted and streaked
appearance; under parts more grayish, less brownish, with less black spot-
ting and barring, the light areas white or nearly so, instead of deep buffy.
Wing (type), 139; tail, 80; exposed culmen, 17.5; tarsus, 44.

Type, No. 59,552, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; La Pica,
Santander, Colombia, February 16, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Todd — Descriptions of New Colombian Birds. 117

Crypturus idoneus, sp. nov.

Nearest apparently to Crypturus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Gray), but
under parts very much paler, dull neutral gray, washed with pale buffy,
the chest and abdomen entirely of this color; upper parts more uniform
and more rufescent, the crown in particular. Wing (type), 166; tail, 50;
exposed culmen, 28.5; tarsus, 43.

Type, No. 9,206, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Bonda,
Santa Marta, Colombia, March 30, 1898; Mrs. Herbert H. Smith.

Vol. 32, pp. 119-120 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW TEXAN PARAJULUS.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN.

In a collection of diplopods sent to me for identification by
Mr. John J. Davis of the U. S. Entomological Laboratory at
LaFayette, Ind., was a specimen of an undescribed species of
Parajulus taken by J. D. Mitchell at Victoria, Texas, on Nov.
30, 1915, and reared to maturity at LaFayette, This form is
described below.

Parajulus Iigifer, sp. nov.

Male. — Body in general brown; a row of black spots over the repug-
natorial glands along each side and a middorsal longitudinal black line;
above level of the pores each segment is brown over the telescoped portion,
darker elsewhere, the darker portion geminate transversely and irregularly
by a light band. Anal scutum and valves blackish. Antennae blackish.
Head dusky above, pale below level of eyes. Vertigial sulcus obscure or
absent; a curved sulcus from the inner angle of each eye to a setigerous
foveola and the two foveolae connected by a sulcus or furrow slightly
curved dorsad. Eye-patch sub triangular with the dorsal angle acute and
the others obtuse; sides convex. Ocelli in nine transverse series; e. g., 12,
11, 10, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, a total of seventy-eight. First dorsal plate long,
lower margin straight; deeply margined below but with no other distinct
sulci or striae other than the margining one on each side. Second and suc-
ceeding segments deeply longitudinally striate below. No longitudinal
stria at level of pore. Repugnatorial pore moderately large ; in line with the
deeply impressed segmental suture which is strongly curved about it.
Anal tergite with tip acute, straight, and much exceeding the valves. Inner
border of the latter not at all raised, transversely striate. Mandibular
stipes not excavated, strongly angularly produced ventrad, the lower angle
almost attaining the level of the labral margin of head. First legs strongly
enlarged as usual ; the penult article long and straight, not at all curved, the
inner face flat. Second coxae greatly enlarged in the usual way, produced
ventrad in a linguiform process which is straight, narrowed gradually
distad but with the distal angles slightly flaring. In the general character
21— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (119)

120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

of the gonopods pertaining to the group embracing victorianus and zaki-
■wanus Chamb., but obviously different in details of form from those
species. Anterior plate of first gonopods straight, broadly oblong, distally
rounded. Posterior division of anterior gonopods more strongly chitinous
and blade-like, glabrous; narrowed strongly above base; at distal third
abruptly geniculate. Posterior gonopods very broad curved blades which
overlap at their apices, the latter rounded and entire, not bifid as in vic-
torianus. Number of segments in type, fifty-four. Length, near 40 mm.
Type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.

Vol. 32, pp. 121-124 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW GENUS FOR TETTIGONIA TRIFASCIATA SAY.
(HOMOPTERA; EUPTERYGIDAE.)

BY W. L. McATEE.

Tettigonia trifasciata Say falls, according to the latest ar-
rangement1 of the genera of the Eupterygidae in the genus
Erythroneura Fitch. However, it differs from other species of
that genus, and indeed from all members of the family, so far
as I am aware, in having the scutellum thickened and distinctly
elevated apically. Seen from the side the dorsal outline is
conspicuously interrupted by the prominent scutellum in this
species; in others it is smooth. This notable difference in
structure is accompanied by less important variations in vena-
tion, which in themselves make it undesirable to retain the
species in Erythroneura. The second apical vein is curved,
reaching margin at exterior angle of tegmen, and not infre-
quently it nearly or quite forms a stalk with first apical vein.
In typical Erythroneura, the second apical vein clearly reaches
the posterior margin of tegmen, and rarely, if ever, is united
in a stalk with first apical vein.

For these reasons, therefore, and chiefly on account of the
nature of the scutellum, I propose for the reception of this
species, the genus:

Hymetta, new genus.

Type species: T. [ettigonia] trifasciata, Say, Thomas. Descriptions of
new Hemipterous insects collected in the Expedition to the Rocky Moun-
tains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under com-
mand of Major Long. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 4, 1825, pp.
344-345 [Missouri]. Complete writings, Vol. II, 1859, pp. 259-260.

Both the fore and hind wings of this species are broader than those pos-

iMcAtee, W. L., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 31, pp. 109-123, Nov. 29, 1918.
22— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (121)

122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

sessed by most of its relatives; the hind wings being particularly ample.
The most common color forms of the species have these broad wings milky
white with the head and thorax shaded from ivory color to reddish brown.
The fore wings are delicately marked with smoky to black, and orange to
scarlet markings. In the dim spaces between the luxuriant dark green
plants of a sphagnum bog, where I first realized the beauty of these little
insects, their milky coloring seemed almost to glow, as they leaped from
plant to plant in quick yet sailing flights. Then I wished I might have the
privilege of naming so beautiful a creature in a way to commemorate its
alabastrine color and its marbled tracery. After considerable study of the
group, the need of a new generic name becoming apparent, I have made one
from the name of a mountain, which among the ancient Greeks was famed
for its wild flowers, its bees and honey, and its beautiful marble.

Scutellum and adjacent parts seen from side. Fig. 1. — Hymetta trifasciata ; Fig. 2. —
Erythroneura obliqua.

Hymetta trifasciata is a common species and has been recorded from ter-
ritory having the following States as its limits: New York, Tennessee,
Mississippi, Wisconsin and Kansas, a range here extended to Texas.

About Washington, D. C. the species has been taken on grape and hick-
ory but is found in largest numbers and is most easily collected when hiber-
nating among fallen leaves.

Markings of Hymetta trifasciata besides the crossbands described below
which are always or nearly always present are the following: the jet black
tip of the elevated scutellum ; a black dot on corium near a point on claval
suture about two-fifths of its length from apex of clavus; and dots and
flecks over clavus and adjacent parts of corium varying through dusky to
orange and scarlet.

Key to the Color Varieties.

This key is based largely on the character of the colored crossbands of the
tegmen. In the full color pattern these are three in number: (1), a broad
interrupted dusky band (darkest at edges) across middle of clavus and on
corium to front end of costal plaque; (2) a narrower interrupted band just
in front of cross-veins, which often is bordered behind by a red line running
to costal margin; and (3) a narrow dusky stripe, obliquely across apical
cells to exterior apical angle of tegmen.

McAtee — A New Genus for Tettigonia trifasciata. 123

A. Crossband 1 dusky.

B. Crossband 2 dusky, margined posteriorly with red. var. trifasciata.
BB. Crossband 2 obsolete.

C. Crossband 1 prominent, 3 faint, var. balteata n. var.
CC. Crossband 1 obsolete, 3 faint, var. albata n. var.
AA. Crossband 1 chiefly red, 2 orange to red, and 3 faint, var. anlhisma
n. var.

Hymetta trifasciata var. trifasciata Say.

This variety is that in which the crossbands are most distinct, especially
2, and the interrupted dusky band bordered posteriorly with reddish. In
addition to the common characters previously mentioned this variety
usually has an irregular parenthesis, two dots, and a short median posterior
streak on vertex, markings near the anterior angles and on median line,
especially behind, of pronotum, reddish.

Hymetta trifasciata var. balteata, new variety.

This variety seems to be more common than the last ; besides crossband

2 being obsolete, the red markings on head and thorax usually are lacking,
these parts of body being ivory color often shading into reddish brown an-
teriorly.

Type, a female from Plummers Island, Md., December 4, 1913, W. L.
McAtee. (Writer's collection.)

Other specimens examined are from Virginia, District of Columbia,
Kansas and Texas.

Hymetta trifasciata var. albata, new variety.

This variety almost entirely lacks the red markings, has crossband 1
represented only by a dusky shade, 2 by a short dark line near costa, and

3 faint.

Type, a female from Plummers Id., Md., September 13, 1914, W. L.
McAtee. (Writer's collection.)

Paratype, a female from Church's Id., N. C, October 15, 1918, W. L.
McAtee.

Hymetta trifasciata var. anthisma, new variety.

The most richly colored variety ; the tegminal maculae scarlet ; crossband
1 dull crimson darker edged ; and crossband 2 varying from orange to scar-
let. The markings on head and thorax which are red in the typical variety
are pale yellow or wanting in this variety; one specimen has a median
orange vitta abbreviated in front, on pronotum.

Type, a female from Dallas, Texas, September 12, 1907, on grape (U. S.
N. M.).

Paratype, a female from Odenton, Md., August 14, 1918, on hickory,
W. L. McAtee.

Vol. 32, pp. 125-126 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW ALSOPHILA FROM GUATEMALA AND VERA-
CRUZ.1

BY WILLIAM R. MAXON.

The following new species of Alsophila from Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala, and Veracruz has been noted in preparing a brief
account of the tree ferns of Mexico, soon to be published.

Alsophila scabriuscula Maxon, sp. nov.

Arborescent, the caudex presumably stout and several meters high;
fronds very ample, the stipe stout, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, armed at the
base with numerous slender, conical, dark brown spines about 4 mm. long;
blades at least 2.5 meters long, subtripinnate; primary rachis stout, pale
brown, 1 to 1.5 cm. thick, sparsely short-aculeate toward the base, densely
but laxly hirsute with pale septate hairs, everywhere scabrous at length
from their persistent inflated bases; pinnae spreading or the lower ones
slightly deflexed, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 50 to 75 cm. long, 18 to 30
cm. broad, the secondary rachis deeply bisulcate above, hirsute, scabrous
beneath with age; pinnules 30 to 35 pairs, approximate, spreading, sessile,
oblong-linear, long-acuminate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 1.8 to 3 cm. broad, sub-
pinnatisect, the costa densely griseous-hirsute above with curved antrorse
septate hairs, less copiously griseous-hirsute beneath with long spreading
septate hairs (at length scabrous) and bearing occasional small deciduous
bullate yellowish scales toward the base; segments 25 to 30 pairs, linear to
linear-oblong, acutish, 9 to 17 mm. long, 2.5 to 5 mm. broad, subfalcate,
with narrowly acute to narrowly or (in fertile specimens) broadly quadrate
sinuses, herbaceous, deeply incised, the lobes usually bidentate; costules
and veins sparsely spreading-hirsute beneath and with a thin covering of
minute, closely appressed septate hairs, very sparsely and deciduously
hirsute above; veins about 12 pairs, those of the fertile segments once
forked or with a pair of opposite excurrent branches, those of the sterile
segments mostly with 2 pairs of pinnately arranged branches; sori mostly
7 to 9 pairs, small, seated at the fork of the vein, at the base of the lobe;
receptacles stout, capitate, bearing a few long septate hairs.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 830528, collected near Cubil-

i Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
25— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wabh., Vol. 32, 1919. (126)

126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

quitz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, altitude 350 meters, August, 1900, by
H. von Tiirckheim (John Donnell Smith, no. 7806). There are at hand
three additional specimens from the type locality, collected by von Tiirck-
heim in October, 1906 (II. 1454); these agree perfectly with the type and,
like that, are wholly fertile. There are also referred here four specimens,
consisting of large sterile pinnae, collected near Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico,
1889 to 1891, by Hugo Fink (no. 5). They differ slightly in having more
numerous bullate scales at the base of the segments beneath and the veins
mostly with two pairs of branches; but these doubtless are only vegetative
characters directly associable with sterility.

Alsophila scabriuscula is nearest related to A. mexicana Mart, and A.
bicrenata (Liebm.) Fourn., of the same general region. The former species,
usually known as A. Godmani Hook., differs in having the segments truly
pinnatifid, and both the primary and the secondary rachises furnished
with occasional large, flat, persistent, white scales; and the latter species,
has much smaller, narrower pinnules, the segments glabrous above, and
the costules beset with numerous persistent, white, bullate scales beneath.
It is hardly to be doubted that the trunks and stipes would furnish good
diagnostic characters also, but these are the parts usually neglected by
collectors.

Vol. 32, pp. 127-128 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA.
VII.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

The names of five species of South American birds, belonging
to the families Cotingidae, Tyrannidae, Mimidae and Icteridae,
apparently require to be changed. Their names and the reasons
for the nomenclatural alterations are given below.1

Family COTINGIDAE.

Attila cinereus (Gmelin).

The use of Musdcapa cinerea2 Gmelin for the bird commonly known as
Attila cinereus is prevented by Musdcapa cinerea Muller,3 which is now
known as Graucalus cinereus (Muller). The proper title for the species of
Cotingidae becomes, therefore, Attila rufus Lafresnaye,4 proposed as a sub-
stitute name for Musdcapa dnerea Gmelin.

Family TYRANNIDAE.

Knipolegus comatus (Lichtenstein).

The name Knipolegus comatus for a South American tyrant flycatcher is
now seen to be untenable, for its original combination, Musdcapa comata
Lichtenstein,5 is preoccupied by Musdcapa comata Gmelin.6 The next
available designation is Knipolegus lophotes Boie,7 and the species should,
therefore, stand as Knipolegus lophotes Boie.

lFor the six previous articles in this series, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, March
31, 1917, pp. 75-76; July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXI, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49;
November 29, 1918, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXII, February 14, 1919, pp. 7-8; April 11, 1919,
pp. 21-22.

*Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 933 (Cayenne).

3Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 171 (Madagascar).

4Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 46.

*Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 55 (Sao Paolo, Brazil).

6SyBt. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 941 (Ceylon).

'Isia, 1826, col. 973.
24— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (127)

128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Euscarthmus gularis (Temminck).

The Muscicapa gularis of Temminck,1 which is now employed for a
Brazilian species of Tyrannidae as Euscarthmus gularis, is interdicted by
Muscicapa gularis Stephens,2 a name now relegated to the synonymy of
Dessonornis cajfra (Linnaeus). The next name available is Todirostrum
rufilatum Hartlaub,8 and the species must, therefore, hereafter stand as
Euscarthmus rufilatus (Hartlaub).

Family MIMIDAE.

Mimus lividus (Lichtenstein).

The name Mimus lividus, long applied to a well-known South American
mockingbird, proves to be untenable, since its basis, Turdus lividus Lich-
tenstein,4 is rendered invalid by Turdus lividus Wilson,6 which is now rele-
gated to the synonymy of Lucar carolinensis (Linnaeus). The only other
name which could possibly be used for the species is Turdus orpheus Spix,6
which in part applies to it; but this in turn is preoccupied by Turdus orpheus
Linnaeus,7 which is now known as Mimus polyglottos orpheus (Linnaeus),
and is, therefore, in any case unavailable. Since Mimus lividus (Lichten-
stein) is thus devoid of any specific designation, we propose to call it Mimus
antelius, nom. nov.

Family ICTERIDAE.

Curaeus aterrimus (Kittlitz).

The Chilean bird now known as Curaeus aterrimus (Kittlitz)8 has an
early name in Turdus curaeus Molina,9 and the species must therefore
stand as Curaeus curaeus (Molina).

iNouv. Rec. Planch. Col. d'Ornith., Ill, livr. 28, November, 1822, pi. 167, fig. 1
(Brazil).

2Shaw's Gen. Zool., X, 1817, p. 392 (loc. ign.).

3Journ. f. Ornith., 1855, p. 98 (Brazil).

4Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 39 (Bahia, Brazil).

sAmer. Ornith., II, 1810, p. 90, pi. XIV, fig. 3 (ex Bartram) (eastern Pennsylvania)

6Avium Spec. Nov. Bras., I, 1824, p. 71, pi. LXXI (Joazeiro, San Francisco R., Prov.
Rio Janeiro, Brazil).

?Syst. Nat., ed 10, I, 1758, p. 169 (Jamaica, West Indies).

SSturnus aterrimus Kittlitz, M6m. Acad. St.-P6tersb., 1835, p. 467, pi. II, (Valpa-
raiso, Chile).

9Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 252 (Chile).

Vol. 32, pp. 129-132 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

SUMMARY OF NOTES ON WINTER BLOOMING AT

WASHINGTON, D. C.

BY W. L. McATEE.

The very mild winter of 1918-1919 has resulted in various
unusual phenomena of plant bloom in the neighborhood of
Washington, D. C, which inspire interest in similar records in
the past for this vicinity. Ward in his Guide to the Flora of
Washington1 recognizes only early flowering, and autumnal
flowering (meaning a distinct second blooming season) as unusual
bloom phenomena.

Another categorj^ would seem to be needed to include those
plants with long-persistent flowers or a habit of producing new
flowers up to the extreme limit of endurance of the unfavorable
conditions of approaching winter. For this phenomenon and
present purposes, the simple term "late-flowering" will suffice.
It is most satisfactory to group by themselves also, those plants
that bloom at any time conditions are favorable.

Autumnal Flowering.2

As used here autumnal flowering means a distinct new period of bloom
for plants normally blooming earlier in the year. This has been observed3
in the following plants:

Hair grass (Agrostis hyemalis) November 12, 1876.

Chickweed (Stellaria aquatica) December 8, 1918.

Hepatica (Hepatica triloba) December 22, 30, 1918.

Buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus) November 28, 1875.

Bitter Cress (Cardamine hirsuta) October 3, 1880.

Dewberry (Rubies villosus) September 22 and October 27, 1878.

iBul. 22, U. S. Nat. News. 1881, pp. 26-33.

2In this and other sections of the paper are included notes kindly furnished by various
individuals, to whom acknowledgment is here gratefully recorded.

SNotes of Ward, L. F. Loc. cit.. also Field and Forest, III, Nos. 10-12, April- June,
1878, p. 172. and Chickering, op. cit. I, Nos. 5-6, Oct.-Nov., 1875, pp. 43-44 are incorporated.
25— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (129)

130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) September 22, 1878.

Bird's foot violet {Viola pedata) September 22, 1878, October 31, 1918,
December 8, 1878.

White violet (Viola striata) September 22, 1878; about Christmas, 1918. l

Golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea) November 16, 1918.

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) October, 1918.

Azalea (Azalea nudiflora) October 13, 1878.

Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) Autumn, 1874.

Deerberry (V actinium stamineum) October 13, 1878.

Pink Gentian (Sabatia angularis) October 27, 1878.

Sweet William (Phlox divaricata) October 16, 1873.

Blueweed (Echium vulgare) October 8, 1880.

Speedwell (Veronica officinalis) October 8, 1873.

Bluet (Houstonia caerulea) September 7, 1879, December 8, 1918.

Bluet (Houstonia purpurea) October 13, 1878.

Bluet (Houstonia angustifolia) September 12, 1880.

Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) October 13, 1878; various dates up to
December 1, 1918.

Professor Chickering, in the article cited, noted that strawberries and
black-berries produced ripe fruit from autumnal flowers in 1875.

Late Flowering.

The flowers that normally bloom or continue to bloom in autumn include
among their number several which on account of their extreme persistency
in putting forth new flowers, or because of the conspicuous lasting qualities
of their bloom, form the interesting group, referred to previously, which
may best be discussed under the head of late flowering. Special attention
was given to this group in the latter months of 1918. Despite the fact that
the dates recorded were preceded by numerous severe frosts the following 17
species were observed in bloom :

Carpet weed (Mollugo vertitillata) November 17.

Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum) December 8, 26.

Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) December 1.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) November 16.

Sweet clover (Melilotus alba) November 16.

Mercury (Acalypha virginica) November 16.

Spurge (Euphorbia corollata) November 16; flowers very dry, papery.

Goldenrod (Solidago caesia) December 8.

Goldenrod (Solidago bicolor) November 16, December 1.

Goldenrod (Solidago erecta) December 6.

Goldenrod (Solidago racemosa) November 16, December 1.

Aster (Aster patens) November 16, December 1, 30.

Aster (Aster cordifolius) December 8.

Aster (Aster linariifolius) November 17.

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) November 16, December 1, 8, 30.

lCultivated.

McAfee — Notes on Winter Blooming at Washington. 131

Tansy (Tanacelum vulgare) December 30.
Fireweed (Erechtites hieracifolia) November 16.

Early Flowering.

Early flowering, which gives us some of the most enjoyable instances of
winter bloom, apparently can be separated from autumnal flowering in
certain cases, only by an arbitrarily chosen date. In this locality the month
of December is normally mild, and as noted in previous paragraphs, yields
numerous cases both of "late" and "autumnal" flowering. January is
definitely a winter month and naturally carries the impression of earliness
while December often is a continuation of the autumn and in every way
is associated with lateness. It would seem best therefore to select January

1 as the date after which flowering should be classified as early. Confining
records of early flowering to actual winter months, it is noted that the fol-
lowing flowers have been observed in bloom in Washington region in
January and February.1

Spear grass (Poa annua) Winter 1876.

Blue grass (Poa pratensis) January 5, 1918.

Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) February 29, 1880; January 12,
1913.

Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)2 February 22, 1874.

Silver poplar (Populus alba)2 February 22, 1874.

Alder (Alnus rugosa) January 12, 1913, February 28, 1915, February 22,
1919.

Alder (Alnus glutinosa)2 February 22, 1919.

Elm (Ulmus americana) February, 1876.

Chick-weed (Cerastium viscosum) February 29, 1880.

Spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) February 19, 1876, February 29,
1880.

Hepatica (Hepatica triloba) February 20, 1876, January 5, 1913, February
2, 25, 1919.

Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) early February, 1919. 2

Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) Winter, 1876.

Whitlow grass (Draba verna) January, February, 1876; February 24,
1878; February 16, 1913.

Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum) January 5, 1918.

Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) January, 1876.

Golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium americanum) February 17, 1878.

Broom (Cytisus scoparius)2 February 14, 1919.

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) January 15, 1876; February 15, 24,
1878; February 23, 1919.

Red maple (Acer rubrum) February 29, 1880; February 13, 1909; Feb-
ruary 2, 1913; February 28, 1915; February 9, 1919.

iData from personal observations, from Ward. (loc. cit.) and from Field and Forest,
Vol. 1, Nos. 8-9, Jan. Feb. 1876, p. 72; Nos. 10-11, March-April, 1876, p. 88; No. 12, May,
1876, p. 94; Vol. Ill, Nos. 10-12, April-June, 1878, p. 151, and Forest and Stream, Vol.
6, No. 8, March 30, 1876, p. 115.

2 Cultivated.

132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens) January, 1919.

Yellow jessamine (Jasminum nudiflorum)1 January, 1876; January 1,
1919.

In addition to the above plants, the Golden Bells (Forsythia spp.), it is
believed, sometimes bloom in the true winter months, although no definite
date of their so doing is now at hand.

During the winter of 1918-1919, various herbaceous plants as Senecio,
Capnoides, Arabis, Galium, and Veronica seemed more fully grown than
usual. Elder (Sambucus canadensis) and certain cultivated roses had put
out leaves up to an inch in length in February.

Casual Flowering.

In an entirely separate category should be placed two irrepressibles
which bloom at the slightest encouragement. These are the chickweed
(Stellaria media) and the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Sample dates
of winter flowering of the former are: December 6, 18, 25, 30; January 5;
February 19, 20; and for the latter: November 16; December 1, 8, 23, 25,
first week of January and February 2. Two of the other plants previously
mentioned seem bent on entering this class, namely hepatica and pepper-
grass. The moss pink (Phlox subulata)1, according to Dr. E. T. Wherry,
has been in bloom in every month during the winter of 1918-1919.

In the writer's former home — Indiana — one of the common blue or
johnny violets bloomed at almost any season; here the only violet that
manifests such a tendency — and that to a much lesser degree — is the birds-
foot violet.

'Cultivated.

Vol. 32, pp. 133-134 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

or THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

TWO NEW NORTH AMERICAN ANTHOMYIIDAE

(DIPTERA).

BY J. R. MALLOCH.

The two species described in this paper have been in my hands
for two years or more, having been submitted by the United
States Bureau of Biological Survey for identification. Some of
the paratypes of the second species were sent to me nearly two
years ago by Dr. R. R. Parker from Montana. The type speci-
mens will be deposited in the National collection.

Mydaea winnemana, sp. n.

Male and female. — Black, glossy. Orbits, face, and cheeks in both sexes
with white pruinescence ; interfrontalia of female opaque black, triangle
shining. Antennae and palpi black, second antennal joint, and third at
base brownish. Thorax with faint grayish pruinescence, the disc with two
narrow black vittae which are visible only on anterior half. Abdomen with
a very faint dorso-central vitta. Legs reddish or yellowish-testaceous)
femora basally in variable degree, and tarsi entirely blackened. Wings
clear, veins pale brown. Calyptra white. Halteres yellow.

Male. — Eyes bare, separated by about width across posterior ocelli;
parafacial in profile almost invisible; cheeks not distinctly higher than
width of third antennal joint, with a marginal series of fine bristles; vibrissa
very strong; antenna extending nearly to mouth margin, third joint nearly
3 times as long as second ; arista with the longest hairs distinctly longer than
width of third antennal joint; palpi normal. Prealar bristle very small;
postsutural dorso-centrals 4; hypopleura with a few microscopic hairs near
lower posterior angle. Abdomen broadly ovate; fifth sternite with a broad
rounded posterior marginal excision, a long bristle on each side at base of
excision. Fore tibia unarmed; mid tibia with 3 posterior bristles; hind
femur with a series of short, fine bristles on antero-ventral surface, which
become longer apically, and a few short, fine bristles on basal half of postero-
ventral surface. Veins 3 and 4 divergent apically.

Female. — Eyes at vertex separated by a little less than one-third of the
head width, the frons widened anteriorly; each orbit with 5 or 6 moderately
strong bristles and numerous short setulose hairs; triangle continued to
26— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (133)

134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

considerable proximad of middle of frons; head higher than in male; para-
facial distinct but not as wide as the slender third antennal joint; palpi
broad. Otherwise as male.

Length, 5-6 mm. Type, male, Plummer's Island, Md., August 28, 1912.
Allotype, Little Falls, D. C, August 22, 1915 (W. L. McAtee). This
species very closely resembles Hebecnema nigricolor Fallar, a European
species, which I supposed it to be until I obtained authentic European
specimens of that species.

Hylemyia montana, sp. n.

Male. — Black subopaque, densely brownish gray pruinescent. Head
yellowish testaceous, occiput fuscous, gray pruinescent; antennae black,
second joint brown; arista pale except at base; palpi fuscous. Thorax in-
distinctly trivittate. Abdomen with a poorly defined dorso central dark
vitta; hypopygial forceps yellowish, tips yellow. Coxae and all femora
largely fuscous, tarsi black. Wings yellowish, veins pale. Calyptra and
halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a little more than width of anterior
ocellus; arista with its longest hairs a little less than as long as width of
irregularly 2-rowed, sternopleurals 1:2. Abdomen slender, depressed;
fifth sternite with long narrow processes, each of which has some long bris-
tles along the middle directed slightly laterad and caudad, and 4 or 5
short equal sized closely placed setae at apex on inner margin directed
mesad and sometimes cruciate; inferior forceps long, thick at base, tapered
to a slender point, each with a few short hairs at tip on inner side. Fore
tibia usually with a median posterior bristle, the apex with a long curved
blunt black bristle on posterior side at apex ; fore tarsus compressed, about
as long as tibia; mid tibia with 3 or 4 very short setulae on posterior sur-
face ; mid tarsus very much shorter than its tibia ; hind femur with a com-
plete series of strong bristles on antero-ventral surface and a series of
closely placed short bristly hairs on postero-ventral ; hind tibia with 3 or 4
antero-ventral, 3 to 5 antero-dorsal, and 3 postero-dorsal bristles, the
posterior surface with a few setulose hairs on basal half; tarsus very little
and shorter than tibia. Costal thorn short; outer cross-vein nearly straight.

Length, 5-6 mm. Type, Denver, Colo., June 15, 1916 (E. C. Jackson).

Paratypes, Denver, Colo., July 19, 1914 (O. E. Jackson); Crow agency,
Montana, July 10, 1916 (R. Kellogg); Bozeman, Mont., July 3, 10, 15;
Florence, Mont., June 22, 1912; Armstead, Mont., July 3, 1913; Miles
City, Mont., July 15-16, 1915.

Differs from coarctata Fallen in having the hind femora with postero-
ventral setulose hairs and the forceps differently shaped.

Vol. 32, pp. 135-138 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE STATUS OF THE SUBGENUS SIEBEROCITTA

COUES.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

The subgenus Sieberocitta is an interesting case. Originally
proposed by Dr. Elliott Coues1 with Cyanocitta ultramarina var.
arizonae Ridgway as its monotypic type, it has been until very
lately rejected as based solely on color characters. Mr. H. S.
Swarth in a recent publication2 has properly called attention
to the fact that this subgeneric distinction was originally made
on structural as well as color differences. On this basis Mr.
Swarth has revived Sieberocitta as a subgeneric group to include
Aphelocoma sieberii (Wagler) and its subspecies, leaving all the
subspecies of Aphelocoma calif omica in the typical subgenus.
Mr. Swarth did not examine the two Mexican species Aphelo-
coma unicolor (Du Bus) and Aphelocoma guerrerensis Nelson,
which, as it happens, are the key to the whole problem. An
investigation of these two species shows at once that color is
here of little or no value as a group distinction, and that we
must make our division, if at all, on structural characters alone.
The type of Sieberocitta differs from Aphelocoma calif omica, the
type of true Aphelocoma, in having the tail rounded and shorter
than the wing instead of graduated and longer than the wing.
So far as the other species of these two groups are concerned,
the shape of the tail is of little or no importance as a subgeneric
character, for it is at most but relative, and does not hold in all
the species under consideration.

By the above criterion, Aphelocoma unicolor, which in pattern
of coloration is decidedly different from that of the species of
either group, is clearly referable to Sieberocitta. On the other

iKey North Amer. Birds, ed. 5, I, 1903, p. 497.

2Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., XVII, No. 13, February 23, 1918, pp. 406-407.

27— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (135)

136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

hand, Aphelocoma guerrerensis, a bird closely resembling Aphelo-
coma unicolor in coloration, although, by the way, a perfectly
distinct species, has the tail usually slightly longer than the
wing, in some cases about equal, and occasionally even shorter,
thus occupying an intermediate position, though certainly
more inclining toward the subgenus Aphelocoma. Were it not
for Aphelocoma guerrerensis, the case would be relatively sim-
ple, as all the other species fall well within the limits of one
group or the other, and, indeed, Sieberocitta could then well be
a distinct genus.

This case of Sieberocitta is another good example of what we
consider the real difference between a genus and a subgenus, for
here two groups, which are well characterized by structural
differences, are connected by a species which is perfectly inter-
mediate. Did this species not exist, we would have two trench-
antly different groups which would naturally stand as distinct
genera. Many authors do not recognize subgenera, but such
divisions are often of considerable use in more clearly showing
the relative affinities of more or less closely allied species which
can not be separated generically.

Although under existing circumstances we can not consider
Sieberocitta a distinct genus, the recognition of two subgenera, as
Mr. Swarth proposes, seems desirable. The forms of each are
as follows:

Sieberocitta.

Aphelocoma sieberii sieberii (Wagler).
Aphelocoma sieberii colimae Nelson.
Aphelocoma sieberii potosina Nelson.
Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae (Ridgway).
Aphelocoma sieberii wollweberi (Kaup).
Aphelocoma sieberii couchii (Baird).
Aphelocoma unicolor unicolor (Du Bus).
Aphelocoma unicolor coelestis Ridgway.

Aphelocoma.

Aphelocoma guerrerensis Nelson.
Aphelocoma cyanea (Vieillot).
Aphelocoma calif ornica calif ornica (Vigors).
Aphelocoma calif ornica immanis Grinnell.

Oberholser — The Status of Sieberocitta Coues 137

Aphelocama calif ornica obscura Anthony.
Aphelocoma calif ornica hypoleuca Ridgway.
Aphelocoma calif ornica grisea Nelson.
Aphelocoma calif ornica cyanotis Ridgway.
Aphelocoma calif ornica sumichrasti Ridgway.
Aphelocoma calif ornica texana Ridgway.
Aphelocoma calif ornica woodhouseii (Baird).
Aphelocoma insularis Henshaw.

Vol. 32, pp. 139-144 June 27, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

GENERAL NOTES.

SPIZELLA ARBOREA THE PROPER NAME FOR THE TREE

SPARROW.

Mr. Mathews is quite right in his contention (Auk, XXXVI, No. 1, Jan-
uary, 1919, p. 114) that Spizella monticola (Gmelin) can no longer be used
for the North American Tree Sparrow. In calling attention (Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., XXXI, June 29, 1918, p. 98) to the identity of Fringilla cana-
densis Boddaert (Tabl. Planch. Enlum. d'Hist. Nat., 1783, p. 13) with
Zonotrichia leucophrys, it did not occur to us to verify the original basis of
Spizella monticola (Gmelin), since we assumed that it had hitherto been
correctly identified. It now appears, however, as Mr. Mathews has con-
cluded, that this name is not correctly applicable to the Tree Sparrow.
Such parts of Gmelin's diagnosis as are not incorrect might apply to either
Spizella monticola or Zonotrichia leucophrys, excepting the expression
"Rostrum rubescens, " which is characteristic of only Zonotrichia leuco-
phrys in juvenal plumage. Of the five references given by Gmelin, all but
the last refer undoubtedly to Zonotrichia leucophrys; but Pennant's de-
scription of his "Tree Finch" (Arctic Zoology, II, 1785, p. 373) relates
wholly to the Tree Sparrow. The Fringilla monticola of Gmelin is thus a
composite term, but since the diagnosis and four of the references belong to
Zonotrichia leucophrys, we must consider Gmelin's name a synonym of the
latter. This being the case, another technical designatiom must come into
use for the Tree Sparrow.

The next name in the usual synonymy of Spizella monticola (Auct. nee
Gmelin) is Fringilla canadensis Latham (Ind. Ornith., I. 1790, p. 434),
but this has practically the same basis as Gmelin's name, since Latham
cites the first four references given by Gmelin, and in addition, Gmelin's
own Fringilla monticola, but omits the Tree Finch of Pennant's Arctic
Zoology. Thus Fringilla canadensis Latham is even more clearly pertinent
to Zonotrichia leucophrys than is Fringilla monticola (Gmelin), and must be,
of course, a synonym of the former. This leaves Fringilla arbor ea Wilson
(Amer. Ornith., II, 1810, p. 123, pi. xvi, fig. 3; eastern Pennsylvania) as the
only available name for the eastern Tree Sparrow. This species and its
western subspecies will now require, therefore, to be called Spizella arborea
arborea (Wilson), and Spizella arborea ochracea Brewster.

The present incident emphasizes anew the fallibility of human accom-
plishment, as well as the necessity for reverifying the original references

and bases of all current scientific names.

— Harry C. Oberholser.

28— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (139)

140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

THE PROPER NAME FOR LIMICOLA PLATYRHYNCHA

(TEMMINCK).

The current specific name for the broad-billed sandpiper, himicola
platyrhyncha (Temminck), seems to be long antedated. Mr. G. M. Mathews
has called attention (Austral Avian Record, I, No. 2, April 2, 1912, pp.
31-32; ibid., No. 4, Sept. 18, 1912, pp. 84-85; Birds Australia, III, pt. 3,
August 18, 1913, p. 280) to Scolopax falcinellus Pontoppidan (Danske
Atlas, I, 1763, p. 623, pi. xxvi) which he regards, and we think properly, as
clearly applicable to himicola platyrhyncha (Temminck). He states, more-
over, that if Pontoppidan's description and plate be considered not suffi-
cient to fix the name on himicola platyrhyncha, that the name could be cited
from the subsequent Scolopax falcinellus of Briinnich (Ornith. Borealis,
1764, p. 49), which is readily seen to be of undoubted application. This,
however, could not be, since Scolopax falcinellus Pontoppidan is not a
nomen nudum, and consequently if the name Scolopax falcinellus be used
at all for himicola platyrhyncha it must date from Pontoppidan, because if
this author's Scolopax falcinellus be unidentifiable, it automatically pre-
cludes the use of the same name by any other subsequent author. Holding
that Scolopax falcinellus Pontoppidan is with sufficient certainty applicable
to himicola platyrhyncha, we can regard Briinnich's description as supple-
mentary evidence, since he cites "Pontopp. atl. dan. I. t. 26. fig. 4."
The species currently called himicola platyrhyncha must, therefore, be
known as himicola falcinella (Pontoppidan).

— Harry C. Oberholser.

THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE GENUS RAMPHALCYON.

Mr. W. DeW. Miller, in his excellent revision of the classification of the
Alcedinidae (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXI, 1912, pp. 239-311, pis.
xxv and xxvi), has shown the peculiar relationships of the genus Ramph-
alcyon. This treatment emphasizes and confirms the points brought out by
Fiirbringer and other investigators. Notwithstanding the statements of
other authors, Mr. Miller's opinion that Ramphalcyon is more closely al-
lied to the Daceloninae than to the Alcedininae seems clearly to be borne
out by his array of characters. This genus, however, evidently can not be
considered merely an intermediate between the Alcedininae and the Dace-
loninae, since it possesses not only characters that belong to these two
subfamilies, but also some characteristics of the Cerylinae, and others of
its own besides. These characters have been discussed and compared by
Mr. Miller on pages 241-261 of the article above cited. In view of these
facts, the taxonomic position of Ramphalcyon seems best expressed by the
creation of a new subfamily for its reception, an alternative already fore-
casted by Mr. Miller himself (p. 241). This new monotypic subfamily
which is, of course, to be named, Ramphalcyoninae, stands probably best

between the Alcedininae and the Daceloninae.

— Harry C. Oberholser.

General Notes. 141

THE STATUS OF THE GENUS CENTRONYX BAIRD.

The genus Centronyx was orfginally instituted by Professor Baird (Rep.
Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac, IX, 1858, p. 440) for the reception of the
Baird sparrow, Emberiza bairdii Audubon. Mr. Ridgway in his "Birds of
North and Middle America" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 1901, p. 202) re-
diagnosed it as a distinct genus, but it has been currently regarded by
other authors as only subgenerically different from Ammodramus (=
Coturniculus). An examination of its characters, however, which we have
made in connection with the investigation of the affinities of allied groups,
seems to indicate that Mr. Ridgway's view of the generic distinctness of
Centronyx is entirely correct. It differs from Ammodramus in having four
instead of three primaries sinuated on the outer web; the claw of the hallux
not shorter than the hallux itself, and longer than the distance from the
anterior end of the nostril to the tip of the maxilla; the wing more than
six times the length of exposed culmen; and the tarsus not less than twice
the length of exposed culmen. Two characters, however, mentioned by
Mr. Ridgway, prove on examination of a series of specimens not to be en-
tirely constant; for the hallux is not always longer than the outer toe;
and the sixth primary, counting from the outermost, is not always ab-
ruptly shorter than the seventh. These, however, do not impair the
validity of the genus, as we have above shown. The only species referable
to Centronyx is its type, Centronyx bairdii (Audubon).

— Harry C. Oberholser.

THE GENERIC NAME OF THE ROOK.

By some authors the rook, Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, is placed in a
separate genus, by others retained in Corvus. When it has been generically
distinguished, Trypanocorax Kaup (Journ. f. Ornith., 1854, p. lv.; type,
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus) has been usually employed as its generic name.
Dr. C. W. Richmond, however (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LIII, August 16,
1917, p. 591), has rediscovered the original place of publication of the term
Frugilegus (Selys-Longchamps, Faune Beige, I, 1842, p. 68 [Lesson Ms.];
type by monotypy and tautonymy, Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus) which
name, of course, is entirely pertinent, and of earlier date.

A number of authors, and recently Dr. Ernst Hartert in particular, have
pointed out the important structural characteristics of this species, differ-
ences that clearly indicate its generic distinction. It differs from the typical
species of the genus Corvus in its relatively slender and more sharply
pointed bill (less so, however, than Heterocorax); short first primary
(counting from the outermost), which equals or is shorter than the ninth,
instead of being equal to the seventh; unfeathered, warty face in the adult;
absence of narial bristles, and thus entirely exposed nostrils, which condi-
tion, so far as we recall, is unique in the family Corvidae.

In view of the above facts, the rook should be called Frugilegus fru-
gilegus (Linnaeus). — Harry C. Oberholser.

142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

THE "GLASS-SNAKE" OF FORMOSA.

The occurrence of an Ophisaurus in Formosa was first announced by
Van Denburgh (Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4) vol. 3, Dec. 20, 1909, p. 60).
He had not been able to examine the specimen which was then in the col-
lection of the Taiwan Medical School, and he could only suspect its proba-
ble identity with Boulenger's 0. harti (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, p.
160, pi. 16) from Fokien, China. It was similarly recorded in my paper on
"The Batrachians and Reptiles of Formosa" (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
38, May 3, 1910, p. 102).

Dr. M. Oshima has kindly forwarded this specimen which now forms
part of the collection of the Institute of Science, Government of Formosa,
for my inspection, together with an additional specimen in the same
museum and collected about five years ago at Arisan, middle part of the
island. Owing to its somewhat different aspect, he thought the two speci-
mens might represent different species.

The first one is older, stouter, with reproduced tail, and from long ex-
posure to light (?) absolutely colorless. The other is younger, more slender,
with complete tail, and with a characteristic color pattern.

Fortunately the U. S. National Museum possesses a very good specimen
of O. harti collected within 200 miles of Foo Chow, Fokien, China, conse-
quently not far from the type locality, which is Kuatun, about 270 miles
from the same city.

The three specimens have been carefully compared with the result that
no essential difference between them could be found. Slight individual
variation is shown in the headshields, but nothing beyond what might be
expected in these rather variable lizards. Mr. F. N. Blanchard, my assis-
tant, has made a count of the body scales with the result that the number
of transverse series, counted from beginning of lateral groove to vent is 101
and 98 in the two Formosan specimens, and 99 in the Chinese specimen,
while the dorsals and ventrals, in a series around the body, are 16 and 10
respectively in all three specimens.

The color pattern of the younger Formosan specimen is essentially that
of the Chinese specimen in the National Museum. In these there is a
distinct brownish longitudinal line from the eye to the end of the tail be-
tween the keels of the third and fourth dorsal scales, and a more faintly
indicated and interrupted line down the middle of the back. Between
these and connected with them there are a number of dusky lines or bands
across the back. The lateral line extends anteriorly through the eye to
the loreal region which is all dusky. In the Formosan specimen there is
an indication of a narrow pale edge above the lateral line from nostril to
side of neck.

I therefore have no doubt that the Formosan specimens are correctly
identified as Ophisaurus harti. — Leonhard Stejneger.

General Notes. 143

A NEW NYCTELEA NAME

The most common species of this genus has been known lately, under
the American Code of Botanical Nomenclature, as Nyctelea nyctelea (L.)
Britton. Since, however, it is desirable to avoid the use of such duplicate
binomials, a new name must be found for this species. Adopting the next
available specific name, the plant may be known as Nyctelea ambigua
(Nutt.) Standi. (Ipomoea nyctelea L. Sp. PI. 160. 1753; Ellisia ambigua
Nutt. Gen. PI. 1: 118. 1818; Nyctelea nyctelea Britton, in Britt. & Brown,
Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 3: 67. 1913. —Paul C. Standley.

Vol. 32, pp. 145-148 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW ROCK IGUANA FROM PORTO RICO.
BY THOMAS BARBOUR.

In 1917 Dr. G. M. Allen and Lieut. James Lee Peters visited
Porto Rico in the interest of the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy. They explored with great success a large cave near Ciales
and found in the floor, under an opening in the high domed roof,
a considerable number of both mammal and reptile bones.

The latter have recently been sorted out and substantiate the
statement which I made some time ago (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
30, 1917, p. 98) when 1 said that I believed Dr. Allen had found
jaws of Cyclura. In 1918 Miller (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 54,
1918, p. 509, pi. 81) named Cyclura mattea from shell heaps in
St. Thomas, — a species which proves to be very closely related
indeed to the form which I am about to name. It is perhaps
not remarkable that the Rock Iguana evidently became extinct
in Porto Rico at an early time. It was probably exterminated
by the considerable population of Porto Rican Indians before
the Conquest, because no tradition of its existence seems to
remain amongst either living inhabitants or in the literature.
The description of this species likewise fills the last consider-
able gap in the known distribution of the genus and confirms
the surmise ventured by Mr. Noble and myself that Rock
Iguanas had formerly been much more widely distributed than
their present dispersal would indicate. The limits of the range
of the genus coincided exactly with those of the Greater Antil-
lean subregion, including the Bahaman province and thus the
distribution of the genus becomes at once more suggestive as it
becomes more completely definable.

29— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (145)

146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

This form may be known as

Cyclura portoricensis, sp. nov.

Type, M. C. Z. No. 12,460, from the floor of the cave near Ciales, Porto
Rico, collected by Allen and Peters in February, 1917; being the extremi-
ties of a left humerus.

Paratypes: A femur; tibia; two ulnae; a sacral and several dorsal verte-
brae; several incomplete mandibles; as well as a number of other bones less
perfect.

The extremities of a fully adult humerus are chosen for the type for com-
parison with the type of Miller's C. mattea, also a left humerus. The two
species are evidently very closely related, more so with each other than
with other neighboring species of Cyclura, viz., pinguis of Anegada or
stejnegeri and cornuta. The species differs from mattea in being even
larger and more massive. (Cf. Miller, 1. c, pi. 81, fig. 4 and 5.) The bones
figured herewith are life size as are those figured by Miller. The greatest
diameter of the expanded proximal extremity of the type humerus (fig. G)
is 35 mm. In an adult Cuban Rock Iguana (C. macleayi) about three feet
long (M. C. Z. 6915 Santiago de Cuba; Col. Wirt Robinson, coll.) the same
dimension is 19 mm.

U. S. N. M. 59,359, humerus, paratype of C. mattea, is before me and in
this example the distal expansion is 30 mm. and the proximal extremity
though broken appears to be correspondingly smaller and less massive.
The bicipital depression or radial fossa in mattea is very conspicuously
deeper and more extensive than in portoricensis; in this respect the latter
is even more like stejnegeri or cornuta than is mattea. This is what one
would expect from its geographic station.

Portoricensis was so far as known the largest member of the entire
genus.

I wish to thank Dr. Stejneger and Mr. Miller for permission to compare
the paratype of mattea with the material in hand.

There is no reason to believe that man has played any part in the dis-
persal of Cyclura, as has beyond doubt been the case with the spreading
of Iguana through the Antilles. The distribution of Iguana is absolutely
haphazard, while that of Cyclura, as now definable, is typical of those forms
which spread by non-fortuitous or natural means. Cyclura undoubtedly
occurred in comparatively recent times on every suitable island which has
remained of the once more extensive Greater Antillean land. It is improba-
ble that this list of species with their habitats could be the result of chance
dispersal when it is considered that not one Cyclura is found elsewhere

C. macleayi Gray, Cuba and surrounding Cayos.

C. caymanensis Barbour and Noble, Cayman Islands.

C. baeolopha Cope, Andros Isl., Bahamas.

C. inornata Barbour and Noble, Exuma Keys, Bahamas (extinct?).

C. rileyi Stejneger, Watlings Isl., Bahamas.

C. nuchalis Barbour & Noble, Fortune Isl., Bahamas (extinct?).

C. carinata Harlan, Turks and Caicos Isls., Bahamas.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919.

Plate I.

c*

i W

Barbour — A New Rock Iguana from Porto Rico. 147

C. collet Gray, Jamaica and surrounding cays (extinct?).

C. comuta (Bonnaterre), Haiti and neighboring islets.

C. nigerrima Cope, Navassa Isl. (extinct?).

C. stejnegeri Barbour & Noble, Mona Isl.

C. portoricensis Barbour, Porto Rico (extinct).

C. mattea Miller, St. Thomas (extinct).

C. pinguis Barbour, Anegada (extinct?).
The existing place names and early literature and tradition prove that
Cyclura was previously found upon many other Bahaman Islands where it
has completely disappeared.

Explanation op the Plate.

A. Ventral view of left femur.

B. Ventral view of left tibia.

C. Dorsolateral view of left ulna.

D. Dorsolateral view of right ulna.

E. Posterior view of first sacral vertebrae.

F. Dorsal view of distal extremity of left humerus.

G. Dorsal view of proximal extremity of left humerus.

Vol. 32, pp. 149-160 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A REVIEW OF REICHENBACH'S GENERA SIPTORNIS

AND CRANIOLEUCA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW ALLIED GENERA AND A SUBGENUS.

BY CHARLES B. CORY.

The species included in the Genus Siptornis Reichenbach as
recognized by Sclater* and Sharpef and later by Brabourne and
Chubb| apparently represent five genera and at least one sub-
genus, the distinguishing characters of which may be briefly
described as follows :

A. Tail feathers rounded at ends or abruptly pointed (not attenuated
terminally and sharply pointed).

a. Size small; tail graduated and much shorter than wing (about %);
hallux (without claw) longer than outer toe (without claw); wing
about 4 times length of tarsus. Siptornis Reichenbach.

(Type Siptornis flammulata Reichenbach) — not
Sittasomus flammulatus Lesson § and not Siptornis flammulata Jardine
(Synallaxis striaticollis Lafresnaye.)

b. Size variable; tail evenly graduated with tail feathers either blunt,

rounded or abruptly pointed (not attenuated terminally and not
with most of the feathers sharply pointed) ; tail varying from slightly
shorter than wing (albiceps) to much longer than wing (sordida, etc.) ;
wing from about 3J^ times length of tarsus (curtata, etc.) to about 3
times length of tarsus (humilis, modesta, etc.), or decidedly more than
3 times length of tarsus (erythrops, subcristata, etc.) ; hallux (without
claw) longer than outer toe (without claw) (albiceps, patagonica, etc.),
or about equal to outer toes (vulpina, etc.), or shorter (as in most

* Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, p. 58.

t Hand-list Bds., iii, 1901, p. 58.

X Birds South Am., I, 1912, p. 332.

§ The type of Sittasomus flammulatus Lesson is a young specimen of Glyphorhynchus
cuneatus cuneatus (Lichtenstein) (c/. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 489; Menegaux
and Hellmayr, M6m. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. d'Autun, XIX, 1906, p. 97).

30— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (149)

150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

forms) ; nasal operculum largely covered by feathers (sordida, etc.)
or much more exposed (erythrops, subcristata, etc.).

Cranioleuca Reichenbach.*
(Type Snyallaxis albiceps d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.)

c. Tail long, strongly and evenly graduated! and from 1 J^ times length

of wing to nearly twice length of wing; tail feathers slightly narrowed
terminally, the ends blunt not sharply pointed; wing about 3 times
length of tarsus; frontal feathers stiffened and sharply pointed;
hallux (without claw) shorter than outer toe (without claw).

Pseudosiptornis, gen. nov.
(Type Siptornis ottonis Berlepsch.)

d. Tail long, unevenly graduated; tail feathers blunt, the three middle

pairs gently graduated, the fourth pair (from outside) at least % as
long as middle pair, and first, second and third pair abruptly and
strongly graduated; wing about 3J4 times length of tarsus; tail
about \}/2 times length of wing; hallux (without claw) shorter than
outer toe (without claw) Siptornopsis, gen. nov.

(Type Siptornis hypochondriacus Salvin.)
B. Tail feathers decidedly attenuated terminally and most of the feathers
sharply pointed; tarsus 1-3 or more length of wing; plumage on upper
parts or under parts or both conspicuously streaked

Siptornoides, gen. nov.
(Type Siptornis flammulata Jardine.)

a. Plumage streaked above and below, general plumage dark streaked

with white or whitish. Siptornoides (typica).

b. Upper plumage tawny or buffy streaked with black; under parts

largely or entirely without streaks Eusiptornoides, subgen. nov.

(Type Synallaxis anthoides King.)

The measurements of wing, tail and tarsus of the species and subspecies
belonging to the above genera and subgenera are as follows. J An asterisk
before a name indicates I have not seen specimens and that it is not repre-
sented in the British Museum.

* I am unable to find any constant characters to distinguish the Genera Asthenes Reich-
enbach and Acrorchilus Ridgway from Cranioleuca. In the large number of specimens
examined I find considerable variation in the shape of the culmen and also in the extent of
the feathering which in some species nearly covers the nasal operculum and in others leaves
it mucn more exposed, but several species appear to be intermediate so far as this character
is concerned. The same conditions may be said to obtain regarding the relative length of
wing and tarsus, and that of the hallux and outer toe, which vary in combination in different
species to such an extent that their diagnostic value as distinguishing generic characters
are practically lost. The advisability of recognizing several subgenera in this group based
on color characters in connection with one or more of the above mentioned structural char-
acters remains to be determined, but to my mind little advantage would be gained.

t Tail measurements of Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch), cotype from Anta, Cuzco,
Peru (No. 99163, American Museum of Natural History, New York) — outer pair rectrices
40 mm.; 2d pair 55; 3d pair 70; 4th pair 85; 5th pair 100; middle pair 115 mm.

1 1 am greatly indebted to my friend Mr. Charles Chubb for measurements of a number
of type specimens, and others in the British Museum.

Cory — A Review of Siptomis and Cranioleuca. 151

Wing Tarsus Tail

Siptomis striaticollis (Lafresnaye) monotypic 66 16 J^ 50

Cranioleuca albiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye) 66 203^ 64

Cranioleuca albicapilla (Cabanis) 78 25 72

Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Reichenbach) 68 22 72f

Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln)

Cranioleuca pallida (Wied) 55 17 53

Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny)

Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr)

Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater) 65 18 70

Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (Taczanowski) 70 18 72

Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski)

Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs) 64 18 68

Cranioleuca baroni (Salvin) , 81 15 81

Cranioleuca curtata curtata (Sclater) 64 18 61

Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) ..67 18 69

Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater) 66 18 71

Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway; 67 18J^ 72

Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence) 66 18 73

Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater) ...67 17^ 70

Cranioleuca ruticilla (Cabanis and Heine)

Cranioleuca striaticeps striaticeps (d'Orbigny and

Lafresnaye) 64 18^ 69

Cranioleuca striaticeps heterocerca (Berlepsch) 65 183^ 68

Cranioleuca humicola humicola (Kittlitz) 64 21 73

Cranioleuca humicola steinbachi (Hartert and Venturi) 63 21 74

Cranioleuca d'orbignyii (Reichenbach) 62 22 72

Cranioleuca modesta modesta (Eyton) 64 21 68

Cranioleuca modesta sajamae (Berlepsch) 70 22*^ 76

Cranioleuca modesta rostrata (Berlepsch) _ 68 22J^ 70

Cranioleuca humilis humilis (Cabanis) -74 24 79

Cranioleuca humilis marayniocensis (Berlepsch and

Stolzmann 67 22 68

Cranioleuca humilis robusta (Berlepsch; 76 25 73

Cranioleuca arequipae (Sclater and Salvin) .67 24 68

*Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater)

Cranioleuca neglecta Cory ..62 22 83

*Cranioleuca hilereti (Oustalet)

^Cranioleuca heterura (Berlepsch)

Cranioleuca sordida sordida (Lesson). 66 21 84

Cranioleuca sordida affinis (Berlepsch)... —.67 21 86

Cranioleuca sordida flavogularis (Gould) 66 21 J^ 84

Cranioleuca baeri (Berlepsch) 63 21 65

Cranioleuca patagonica (d'Orbigny) 59 21 67

Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister).... 56 18 70

Cranioleuca wyatti (Sclater and Salvin) 58 20 67

+ From specimens in the British Museum.

152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Wing Tarsus Tail
*Cranioleuca graminicola (Sclater)f

Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch) monotypic 60 21 95-110

Siptornopsis hypochondriasis (Salvin) monotypic ..65 20 93

Siptornoides flammulata flammulata (Jardine) 63 24J^ 74

Siptornoides flammulata multostriata (Sclater) 65 25 75

Siptornoides flammulata quindiana (Chapman) 63 25 75

Siptornoides flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and

Stolzmann) .63 24 87

Siptornoides flammulata maculicauda (Berlepsch)

*Siptornoides virgata (Sclater)

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) anthoides (King) 70 20 76

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater) 75 22 84

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) lilloi (Oustalet) ...76 24 85

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) punensis (Berlepsch and

Stolzmann) 76 25 90

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) maluroides (d'Orbigny

and Lafresnaye).. 53 163^ 63

Key to the Species and Subspecies Belonging to the Allied Genera

Siptornis, Cranioleuca, Pseudosiptornis, Siptornopsis, and

Siptornoides (Adult Males) with Type Localities.

A. Back not distinctly streaked,
a. Cap and more or less of upper parts (at least upper back) nearly the
same color.
a1. Cap and at least upper back rufous or rufous chestnut or rufous
brown.
a2. Under parts plain (not mottled or spotted).

1. A whitish superciliary stripe

Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Pelzeln).
(Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil.)

2. Male similar, but female lacks the rufescent upper back

Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln).
(Rio Branco, N. Brazil.)
b2. Under parts more or less mottled, the feathers tipped with dusky.
1. Front of crown streaked; sides of body reddish brown

Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr).
(Mexiana I., N. E. Brazil.)
b1. Cap (ground color) and upper parts, nearly the same color (either
brown, or olive brown, or buffy brown or grayish).
b2. Whole tail plain (tail feathers uniform, not bicolored nor dis-
tinctly marked with brown or black on some feathers).
b3. Crown streaked.

b. Underparts olive grayish or buffy grayish.
1. Primaries edged with rufous

Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater) .
(Caracas, Venezuela.)

t I have not seen this species and it may not belong to this genus.

Cory — A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 153

2. Primaries not edged with rufous

Cranioleuca ruticilla (Cabanis and Heine).
(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
c4. Under parts white, whitish or grayish white.

1. Size larger; middle rectrices uniform to the ends
Cranioleuca slriaticeps strialiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).

(Bolivia.)

2. Size smaller; middle rectrices with inner webs tinged with

dusky and dusky ends

Cranioleuca striaticeps helerocerca (Berlepsch).

(Cosquin, Cordova, Argentina.)
c3. Crown not streaked.

c. Flanks streaked with black or blackish.

1. Under parts white or whitish; wings blackish bordered
with mouse color Siptomopsis hypochondriacus (Salvin)

(Melea, Cajabamba, Peru.)
d4. Flanks not streaked with black.

1. Edges of wing coverts rufous; basal part of outer webs of
remiges pale rufous forming a band; a sulphur yellow throat
spot (adult) ; no throat spot; under parts more or less tinged
with ochraceous or pale tawny; crown and back buff y brown
(immature) Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister).

(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

2. Wing coverts and tail dark rufous; under parts ochraceous;

crown and back tinged with olivaceous (immature);
cap rufous (adult) Cranioleuca pallida (Wied).

(Campos Geraes, S. E. Brazil.)
'. Some tail feathers (at least) bicolored, marked or bordered with

differently colored ends or bases,
c. Throat white, the feathers with black or brown points or spots;
breast (at least) with narrow shaft streaks (no colored throat
patch).

1. Wing coverts, flanks and lower abdomen rufous brown; a

white superciliary stripe; tail dark brown, the outer webs
of the two outer feathers largely rufous brown

Cranioleuca humicola humicola (Kittlitz).
(Valparaiso, Chili.)

2. Similar but wing coverts, flanks and lower abdomen more

rusty brown; superciliary stripe but slightly indicated or
absent

Cranioleuca humicola steinbachi (Hartert and Venturi).

(Cachi, Prov. Salta, Argentina.)
d3. Throat (in adult) with patch or spot of rufous, chestnut or
tawny; throat spot absent or faint in immature.
d4. Tail more than 90 mm. long.

1. Tail feathers rufous shading to dusky rufous towards the
ends; crown and back brown; forehead rufous; throat
spot (in adult) rufous

Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch).
(Cuzco, Peru.)

154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

e4. Tail less than 90 mm. long.
eB. Rump strongly rufous.

1. Outer tail feather only with inner web black and outer

web rufous, rest of tail feathers black; outer secon-
daries edged with rufous; basal part of secondaries
washed with rufous forming a band ; throat spot rufous ;
under parts not milky white

Cranioleuca d'Orbignyii (Reichenbach).
(La Paz, Bolivia.)

2. At least two outer pairs of tail feathers entirely rufous;

outer secondaries not edged with rufous and no rufous
basal band on secondaries; throat spot rufous; under
parts milky white

Cranioleuca arequipae (Sclater and Salvin).
(Arequipa, S. W. Peru.)
fB. Rump not strongly rufous.

f 6. At least outer tail feather uniform, both webs the same
color to the base.
f7. Outer tail feather only uniform rufous brown, rufous
or pale brown.

1. Outer tail feather brown, rest of tail dark brown,

the feathers more or less bordered with pale
brown; a white superciliary stripe; throat whitish,
more or less indistinctly streaked with brownish

Cranioleuca humilis (Cabanis).
(Junin, Peru.)

2. Outer tail feathers dark rufous, rest of tail dark

rufous with blackish on inner webs; throat spot
(in adult) tawny rufous

Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater).

(Obraillo, C. Peru.)

g7. Two outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous, rest

blackish or blackish marked with rufous.

1 . Third tail feather with some blackish on inner web ;

tail relatively short (about 68 mm.)

Cranioleuca baeri (Berlepsch).
(Cosquin, Cordova, Argentina.)
h7. Three outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous or
brownish rufous.
h8. Upper tail coverts dark rufous.

1. Upper parts brown; rump slightly brownish ru-
fous; under parts, sides and flanks brownish
ashy; large throat spot deep rufous chestnut

Cranioleuca neglecta (Cory).*
(Macate, Peru.)

* This may prove to be the same as pudibunda, but the throat spot and coloration of
the tail feathers is quite different from the description of that species, as given by Sclater
and Taczanowski.

Cory — A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 155

i8. Upper tail coverts brownish like back and rump.

1. Upper parts pale brown (between wood brown

and buffy brown) ; throat spot (in adult ) tawny
rufous Cranioleuca sordida sordida (Lesson").

(Chili.)

2. Similar but upper parts darker (more fuscous

brown) ; throat spot similar

Cranioleuca sordida flavogularis (Gould).
(Santa Cruz, Patagonia.)

3. Similar but upper parts still darker; under parts

whitish gray; throat spot rufous chestnut

Cranioleuca sordida affinis (Berlepsch).
(Las Vasques, Tucuman, Argentina.)
i7. Four outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous or
brownish rufous.

1. Two middle pairs of tail feathers dusky brown (at

least on inner webs); tail feathers pointed; throat
spot tawny; under parts tinged with tawny

Cranioleuca heterura (Oustalet).*
(Tucuman, Argentina.)

2. Four outer tail feathers uniform brownish rufous;

two middle pairs with more or less blackish; tail
feathers not sharply pointed

Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater).f

(Obraillo, C. Peru.)

j6. Outer tail feather more or less bicolor (not uniformly

colored to base).
j7. Middle pair of tail feathers with outer webs rufous,
inner webs blackish.

1 . Outer tail feather with at least basal part of inner

web dusky brown or blackish; all tail feathers
including middle pair with more or less blackish
and rufous; throat spot tawny rufous

Cranioleuca modesta modesta (Eyton).

(Chili.)

2. Similar but upper parts sandy earth brown; wings

and tail longer

Cranioleuca modesta sajamae (Berlepsch).
(Esperanza, Sajama, W. Bolivia).

3. Similar but throat spot (in adult) chestnut rufous;

bill longer (about 15 mm.;

Cranioleuca modesta rostrata (Berlepsch).
(Vacas, E. Bolivia.)

• I have not seen this species, which may belong to a different genus.

t I have not seen this species, which is described by Sclater (and also Taczanowski) as
having the two middle pairs of rectrices only marked with blackish on inner webs, the rest
of the tail feathers uniform. Berlepsch, however (J. f. O., 1901, p. 93 in text) states that
pudibunda has the 2d to 4th pair blackish on inner webs. As no specimens are available,
I have been forced to include it in both sections.

156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

k7. Middle pair of tail feathers uniform pale tawny.

1. Throat spot (in adult) rufous

Cranioleuca hilereii (Oustalet).

(Tucuman, Argentina.)

e3. Throat uniform pale grayish (no bright colored throat spot in

adult.

1 . Outer tail feather with outer web rufous, rest of tail feathers

blackish; upper parts mouse brown or grayish earthy

brown ; under parts grayish ; under wing coverts ochraceous

cinnamon; lower belly and flanks buffy ochraceous

Cranioleuca patagonica (d'Orbigny;.

(Rio Negro, Patagonia.)
b. Color of cap and back very different.

b1. Cap, wings (externally) and tail rufous, chestnut or rusty brownish.
b2. Breast not distinctly streaked or spotted.

b3. Face and sides of head not rufous or cinnamon.
b4. With a distinct superciliary stripe.
b5. Cap streaked with black.

1 . Similar to antisiensis, but crown streaked with black

Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs).
(Santa Marta, Colombia.)
c5. Cap not streaked with black,
c. Smaller, wing less than 62.

1. Under parts ochraceous; back brownish; superciliary
stripe white or whitish

Cranioleuca pallida (Wied).
(Campos Geraes, S. E. Brazil.)
d6. Larger, wing more than 60.

1. Under parts ochraceous; back olivaceous; supercili-

ary stripe tawny

Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski).
(Chirimoto, N. E. Peru.)

2. Under parts pale grayish; upper parts brown; lores

and superciliary stripe whitish; wing less than 70
mm. Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater).

(Cuenca, Ecuador.)

3. Similar but superciliaries purer white and ear coverts

more grayish; under parts somewhat pale

Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (Taczanowski).

(Huambo, N. Peru.)

4. Upper parts grayish mouse color; throat white; wing

more than 70 mm., otherwise approaches antisiensis,
but larger Cranioleuca baroni (Salvin).

(Huamachuco, E. Central Peru.)
c4. Without a distinct superciliary stripe.

1 . Upper parts brown tinged with rufous ; crown and forehead
nearly uniform in color; throat whitish

Cranioleuca curtata curtata (Sclater).
(Bogota, Colombia.)

Cory — A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 157

2. Similar but forehead brownish olive; size somewhat smaller
Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).

(Marcapata, S. E. Peru.)
c3. Face and sides of head rufous or cinnamon.

cc. Middle pair of rectrices russet brown (different color from
rest of tail).
1. Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater).

(Pallatanga, Ecuador.)
d4. Middle pair of rectrices cinnamon rufous like rest of tail.

1. Chest grayish; rufous of crown extending to nape

Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway).
(San Antonio, Rio Cali, N. W. Colombia.)

2. Chest light buffy olive; rufous of crown not extending to

nape Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence).

(Costa Rica.)
c2. Breast distinctly streaked or with irregular spots.

1. Back reddish brown; crown somewhat darker; breast brownish

olivaceous with whitish streaks; superciliary stripe white;
belly plain Siptornis striaticollis (Lafresnaye).

(Bogota.)

2. Back brown; breast pale grayish brown marked with black

points or spots to the feathers, belly with obscure blackish
bars Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye).

(Yuracares, Bolivia.)
c1. Cap white or brownish white (very different from back); tail and
more or less of wing coverts rufous.

1. Upper back rufous; lower back brownish; under parts olivaceous

brown; size smaller

Cranioleuca albiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).

CSica-Sica, Bolivia.)

2. Upper parts olive brown; cap brownish white; throat and fore-

neck whitish; rest of under parts pale earthy brown

Cranioleuca albicapilla (Cabanis).
(Maraynioc, Peru.)
B. Back distinctly streaked.

a. Under parts (at least below the throat) not streaked.
a1. Upper parts dark olive brown streaked with blackish.

a2. Outer tail feathers uniform (plain rufous or brownish rufous);
under parts not buffy white.
1. Three outer tail feathers plain rufous; size smaller, wing about
60 mm.; throat spot rufous; breast and sides more or less
tinged with brownish olivaceous

Cranioleuca wyatti (Sclater and Salvin).
(Santa Marta, Colombia.)

158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

2. Two outer tail feathers uniform brownish rufous; third tail
feather with blackish border on inner web ; under parts rufous
cinnamon; size larger, wing about 72 mm.

Cranioleuca? graminicola (Sclater).*
(Near Junin, Peru.)
b2. Outer tail feathers largely dark brown (not uniform rufous or
brownish rufous) ; under parts buffy white.

1 . Bill shorter ; exposed edges of basal part of inner primaries not

rufous; inner tail feathers blacker and the pale edging not so
pronounced; throat patch larger; darker rufous wing (about
70 mm.) Cranioleuca humilis humilis (Cabanis).

(Junin, Peru.)

2. Bill longer; exposed edge of basal part of inner primaries rufous;

pale edging on inner tail feathers brighter and more conspicu-
ous; throat patch smaller; paler rufous wing (about 67)
Cranioleuca humilis marayniocensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).

(Maraynioc, C. Peru.)

3. Similar but larger; wing about 74 mm.

Cranioleuca humilis robusta (Berlepsch).

(Iquico, W. Bolivia.)

b1. Upper parts olive buffy or olivaceous tawny streaked with blackish.

b2. Cap plain bright rufous; size smaller, wing less than 55 mm.;

tail attenuated and sharply pointed

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides maluroides (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).

(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
c2. Cap not plain rufous; whole crown streaked; size larger, wing
much more than 60 mm. ; tail attenuated and pointed.
c3. Superciliary stripe whitish or buffy white.

1. Throat spot rufous ;| flanks and under tail coverts not dis-

tinctly streaked; smaller, wing 70 mm. or less

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) anthoides (King).

(Straits of Magellan.)

2. Throat spot yellowish or rufous; flanks and under tail cov-

erts more or less streaked; wing about 74 mm.

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater).
(Conchitas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

3. Throat spot rufous; lower abdomen and flanks uniform fawn

color without streaks; size of hudsoni

Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) lilloi (Oustalet).J

(Tucuman, Argentina).

* I have not seen graminicola Sclater and it may belong to a different genus.

t The gular patch and general color of the throat is very variable and may be due to
age. In this connection Mr. Charles Chubb writes me as follows: "The colour of the throat
is a variable character which occurs in both male and female being sometimes white dotted
with black, at others lemon or sulphur yellow, and many (at all seasons of the year) cin-
namon rufous."

t I have not seen specimens of either lilloi or punensis.

Cory — A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 159

d3. Superciliary stripe rufescent.

1. Superciliary stripe and middle of abdomen rufescent
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) punensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).

(Puno, S. E. Peru.)
b. Both upper parts and under parts streaked.
b1. Plumage dark streaked with white or whitish.
b2. Size larger, wing more than 68 mm.

1. Lower back and rump not streaked; middle breast white

Siptornoides virgata (Sclater).
(Junin, Peru.)
c2. Size smaller, wing less than 68 mm.

1. White streaks on under parts much wider, upper throat rufous

tawny Siptornoides ftammulata flammulata (Jardine).

(Andes of Ecuador.)

2. Similar but color of throat extending to upper margin of breast

(in adult) ; whitish streaks on back narrower
Siptornoides flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).

(Maraynioc, C. Peru.)

3. Similar but no rufous tawny on throat; forehead more tinged

with rusty; stripes on breast and sides more obscure; blackish
marking on tail irregular

Siptornoides flammulata maculicauda (Berlepsch).*

(Iquico, W. Bolivia.)

4. Whitish streaking on under parts much narrower; throat spot

on upper throat deep rusty rufous (in adult)

Siptornoides flammulata multistriata (Sclater).

(Bogota.)

5. Whole throat (in adult) ochraceous buff or buffy rufous; sides

of head more or less buffy rufous

Siptornoides flammulata quindiana (Chapman).

(Paramo de Santa Isabel, Central Andes, Colombia.)

c1. Plumage tawny or buffy; upper parts streaked with blackish;

breast and sides streaked with dark brown or dusky.

1. Throat spot tawny rufous (adult?) or upper throat plain whitish

(immature?)! Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater).

(Conchitas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

* No specimens seen.

t See foot note (antea) regarding the variation in coloration of throat in this species.

Vol. 32, pp. 161-162 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW COTTON RAT FROM ARIZONA.
BY A. BRAZIER HOWELL.

In my collection are two cotton rats from the vicinity of Fort
Lowell, Arizona, which could not be satisfactorily identified
with the material at hand. Accordingly, I sent one of them to
the Bureau of Biological Survey for determination, and Dr.
Jackson, who examined it, informed me that it probably be-
longed to an undescribed race. D. R. Dickey generously loaned
me two skins which he had from the same section, and with ten
specimens of various Arizona races kindly furnished me by the
Biological Survey, through Mr. E. W. Nelson, and a good
series of Sig?nodon eremicus in my own collection, the differ-
ences appear to be entirely sufficient for me to designate a new
form which may be known as

Sigmodon hispidus cienegae.

CIENEGA COTTON RAT.

Type from Bullock's Ranch, four miles east of Fort Lowell, Pima County,
Arizona. No. 1531, collection of A. B. Howell; collected by L. M. Huey;
January 4, 1916.

Geographic distribution. — Probably the small and widely scattered ciene-
gas and grassy damp spots of the upper Santa Cruz River system.

General characters. — Closest to Sigmodon h. confinis, but skull with more
inflated braincase, larger bullae, and rostrum shorter and wider. Tail
slightly shorter than eremicus, and foot considerably longer than that form
or confinis.

Color. — Darker and slightly browner than eremicus, but hardly compara-
ble in this respect with specimens of confinis or arizonae, as all of the latter
are summer skins.

Skull. — In comparison with confinis, the skull differs in having slightly
larger molars, bullae larger and more globular, inter-orbital width greater,
braincase more inflated, rostrum shorter, wider and heavier in general. From
31— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (161)

162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

eremicvs it differs in having greater inter-orbital width, larger bullae, and
shorter, heavier rostrum.

Measurements. — Type: Total length, 307; tail, 129.5; hind foot, 35.5.
Averages of series (type, no. 318 9 coll. A. B. H., nos. 6D c? and DX19 c?
coll. D. R. Dickey) : Total length, 261.5; tail, 110; hind foot, 34.

Remarks. — Comparing the ages of the skulls with their sizes, I judge that
cienegae is a larger animal than confmis. Although sign was common at two
small spots near the type locality, the animals were very shy, and continued
trapping by L. M. Huey and myself during the greater part of the winter,
resulted in the capture of but five individuals, three of which were obtained
accidentally.

Vol. 32, pp. 163-164 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

AN AMERICAN FLOUNDER, LIMANDA BEANII, RE-
FERRED TO THE GENUS POECILOPSETTA.

BY CARL L. HUBBS.

In 1881 Goode described, under the name of I Amanda Beanii,
a small flounder which the United States Fish Commission
Steamer Fish Hawk had dredged in deep water off the southern
coast of New England. Subsequently the species has been re-
corded from the Gulf of Mexico.

Although Goode noted some of the differences which widely
separate this form from the typical species of Limanda, no author
has assigned it to its true position in the system. It is clearly
referable, however, to the deep-water genus Poecilopsetta Giin-
ther, hitherto recorded only from the Indo-Pacific region; it
agrees in all respects with the following characterization of
that genus.

Genus Poecilopsetta Giinther.

Eyes dextral, the margin of the upper entering the dorsal profile; inter-
orbital space very narrow; head short; body strongly compressed, varying
from elongate to rather robust; dorsal fin composed of about 60 rays, ex-
tending from a short distance behind vertical through pupil nearly to caudal
base, of rather even height throughout; anal fin similar, of about 50 rays;
anal spine weak; caudal rounded; pectoral short, that of the eyed side with
7 to 10 rays; pelvics short, subequal, but somewhat asymmetric, approach-
ing those of the Psettinae, the one on the eyed side being slightly anterior to
the left one, and nearer the ventral ridge ; each pelvic fin of 6 rays ; scales mode-
rate in size or small, weakly ctenoid on eyed side, cycloid on blind side; in-
terorbital, snout and jaws naked; lateral line with a large, flat-topped arch
on eyed side, obsolete on blind side; mouth narrow, nearly symmetric, and
rather small; teeth villiform, in bands, present on jaws only, better devel-
32— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (163)

164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

oped on the blind than on the eyed side; gill-rakers rather short, sharp and
smooth; anus nearly on ventral ridge.

Five other species of Poecilopsetta are known (P. maculosa, praelonga,
plinthus, colorata and hawaiiensis) . Poecilopsetta beanii is a more slender
fish than any of these except P. praelonga, from which it appears to differ in
the narrower bands of teeth on the jaws.

Vol. 32, pp. 165-168 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS /^

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Q

NOTES ON GARGAPHIA TILIAE WALSH, THE LINDEN

LACE-BUG.

BY HARRY B. WEISS.

The following notes are the results of observations made dur-
ing the summers of 1918 and 1919 at Uhlerstown, Pa., where
the lace-bug Gargaphia tiliae Walsh was fairly abundant on
lindens growing along the canal.

During the last of May and first of June adults appear and deposit eggs.
The adult feeding at this time is quite scattered and shows as numerous
white spots on the upper leaf surfaces. The eggs are inserted in the lower
leaf surface and occur in clusters of from 60 or less to 300. Their bases are
inserted in the tissue and the eggs project at right angles to the lower surface
although many lean in all directions. The upper leaf surface just above
the egg mass is usually discolored and brown.

After hatching the whitish or brownish-white nymphs feed in compact
clusters on the lower leaf surfaces which results in discolored, light, some-
what circular areas on the upper surfaces. Later these areas become brown
and dead. The feeding takes place on any part of the leaf and does not ap-
pear to be confined to tissue more or less near the midrib as is the case with
several species of Corythucha. The nymphs are always found feeding in
groups and do not scatter as they become older.

During the incubation period of the egg, a female lace-bug is always in
attendance and each colony of nymphs usually has a female watching over
it until the members are full grown. Fink1 has observed a similar occur-
rence in connection with the eggplant lace-bug, Gargaphia solani Heid., and
states that "when migrating from one leaf to another the female adult
usually directs the way and with her long antennae keeps the nymphs to-
gether or rebukes any straggler or deserter." Unfortunately, no migra-
tions of G. tiliae were observed, but it is quite probable that the adult acts
in a similar way.

The eggs require about a week for hatching and the combined nymphal
stages about three weeks, making a month from egg to adult. Adults of the

1 Fink, D. E., The Eggplant Lace-Bug, Bui. 239, U. S. Dept. Aerie. Bur. Ent.
33— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (165)

166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

first brood appear during the last of June and first part of July after which
eggs are again laid, the adults of this second generation hibernating and ap-
pearing the following spring.

Gargaphia tiliae was described in 1864 by Walsh. Van Duzee in his Cata-
logue of Hemiptera gives the following references to the species :

Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Ill, p. 408, 1864.

Uhler, Checklist, p. 22, 1886.

Provancher, Pet. Faune Ent. Can. Ill, p. 159, 1887.

Bergroth, Revue d'Ent. XI, p. 264, 1892.

Van Duzee. Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci. V. p. 181, 1894.

Gillette & Baker, Hemip. Colo. p. 57, 1895.

Bueno, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XVIII, p. 31, 1910.

Smith, Cat. Ins. N. J. ed., 3, p. 149, 1910.

Osborn & Drake, Ohio St. Univ. Bui. XX, p. 234, 1916.
syn. fasciata Stal. Enum. Hemip. III. p. 125, 1873.
Wirtner, Ann. Cam. Mus. Ill, p. 202, 1904.
Smith, Cat. Ins. N. J. ed. 3, p. 149, 1910.

Localities, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., Ohio, 111., Kan., Colo.

To the above references to the species can be added the following :
Drake, Ent. News, XXVIII, p. 227, 1917.

Parshley, Fauna New Eng. Hem. Heter., Bost. Soc. Nat. His.
VII, 14, p. 56, 1917.

This latter reference adds New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connec-
ticut to the list of localities.

Egg. Length 0.48 mm. Width 0.18 mm. Suboval, one side more con-
vex than other; basal part acute with rounded end, slightly constricted
where inserted in leaf tissue; widest across basal half; extremity of apical
end truncate with rim-like collar and central cone-shaped nipple projecting
only slightly or not at all; translucent except for apical third which is cov-
ered with a light brown varnish-like material.

First Stage Nymph. Length 0.45 mm. Elliptical; whitish except artic-
ulations of antennal segments, dorsal surfaces of thorax and abdomen, and
outer surfaces of legs which are light brown (some specimens are almost en-
tirely white); antennae two-thirds length of body bearing stiff hairs; eyes
lateral, consisting of five, distinct, red ommatidia; head, thorax and abdo-
men bearing minute, dorsal tubercles each tipped with a hair; legs long;
rostrum brownish at tip, extending beyond bases of third pair of legs.

Second Stage Nymph. Length 0.75 mm. Similar to preceding stage in
color, shape and markings; some specimens are entirely light brown; an-
tennae almost three-fourths length of body; tubercles becoming spine-like
and similar in arrangement to those of third stage nymph.

Third Stage Nymph. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae two-thirds to three-
fourths length of body; body oval; antennae, dorsal surfaces of head and
thorax, and median, dorsal portion of abdomen tinged with brown, remain-
der white (some specimens whitish except for last antennal segment and
spines on head, thorax and median, dorsal portion of abdomen which are
brown; articulation of femur and tibia and tip of tarsus brownish; spines on

Weiss — Notes on Gargaphia Tiliae Walsh. 167

head, pro- and mesothorax and median, dorsal portion of abdomen mostly
dark, remainder of spines whitish; antennae and legs bearing stiff hairs;
rostrum extending slightly beyond bases of third pair of legs. Head bears
a pair of separated spines just above and between antennae, behind this
pair is a single, larger, median spine; posterior to this one and close to an-
terior margin of prothorax is a pair of large, separated spines. Prothorax
bears a pair of median, separated spines and one spine and several spine-like
hairs on each lateral edge. Mesothorax bears a pair of median, dorsal,
separated spines, and one spine and several spine-like hairs on each lateral
edge. Metathorax bears a dorsal, median pair of smaller, separated spines
and a minute one on each lateral edge. Median, dorsal, separated pairs of
spines on first and second and single, median, dorsal spines on fifth, sixth
and eighth abdominal segments. Lateral margins of each abdominal seg-
ment beginning with the second bear a single spine. Head, thoracic and
median abdominal spines largest; all spines arise from tuberculate bases
and bear one or two hairs at tip and several at sides. Wing pads indicated
by slight enlargements of lateral, thoracic margins.

Fourth Stage Nymph. Length 1.4 mm. Oval; color and markings similar
to those of fifth stage. Antennae as long as body. Lobes of pro- and meso-
thorax more pronounced. Lobes of mesothorax rounded and reaching sec-
ond abdominal segment. Rostrum extending to just beyond bases of second
pair of legs. Armature similar to that of third stage except for the follow-
ing additions, — anterior to large spine on lateral edge of prothorax are sev-
eral minute spines; anterior to large spine on lateral edge of mesothorax are
several minute spines and hairs. Anterior to median, dorsal pair on pro-
thorax and close to anterior edge of prothorax is a pair of minute spines
with united bases.

Fifth Stage Nymph. Length 2.1 mm. Elongate-oval; eyes prominent,
lateral, reddish ; antennae almost as long as body, first segment two and one-
half times as long as second, third segment longest, fourth somewhat
swollen. Wing pads extending to sixth abdominal segment. Rostrum
extending to between bases of second pair of legs. Base of rostrum bears
spine-like hairs. Head bears a pair of separated spines just above and be-
tween antennae, a single, median spine posterior to this pair and a pair of
separated spines posterior to this one and close to anterior edge of prothorax.
Prothorax bears pair small, median spines with united bases just posterior
to anterior edge; posterior to this pair is a prominent, median separated
pair; posterior, lateral edge bears a prominent spine with a smaller spine
and several hairs anterior to it. Mesothorax bears a pair of prominent,
median spines separated by the posterior part of the prothorax which is
produced triangularly. Wing pad of mesothorax bears a large spine on
posterior, lateral edge; anterior to this spine are two smaller spines and sev-
eral hairs. Metathorax bears dorsal, median pair of separated spines. Sep-
arated, median spines on dorsal surface of first and second abdominal seg-
ments. Single, median, dorsal spines on abdominal segments five, six and
eight. Lateral edges of abdominal segments beginning with fourth bear
single spines. Lateral spines on last abdominal segment are short and blunt.
All spines arising from tuberculate bases and bearing one or two hairs at tip

168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

and several on sides. Color. — First and second antennal segments whit-
ish or tinged with brown, distal third of third segment light, remainder of
third and all of fourth segment brown. Head light except that portion
lateral to the posterior pair of spines which is dark brown. Prothorax
whitish except for posterior half of dorsal surface which is brownish, this
dark area is bisected by a broad, median, light stripe. Two central dark
areas on mesothorax on either side of a narrow, median light line broaden-
ing at its posterior end. Posterior edges of mesothoracic wing pads dark,
remainder white. Median, dorsal, portion of abdominal segments three to
nine, varying from light to dark brown (seventh segment sometimes white),
remainder whitish. Spines on head dark. Pair dark spines arising from
median light stripe on prothorax. Prominent spines on posterior lateral
edges of prothoracic expansions dark, other pro thoracic spines light. All
large spines on mesothorax and mesothoracic wing pads dark, others light.
Median dorsal spines on fifth, sixth, eighth and lateral spines on ninth ab-
dominal segments light brown to dark brown, remaining abdominal spines
whitish. Ventral surface whitish, except base and tip of rostrum and articu-
lation of femur and tibia and tip of tarsus which are brownish.

Vol. 32, pp. 169-172 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW POCKET GOPHER FROM WESTERN
WASHINGTON.

BY WALTER P. TAYLOR.

Specimens of pocket gophers collected for the Biological Sur-
ve3r by George G. Cantwell during the winter of 1918, six miles
south of Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington, prove to repre-
sent a new subspecies of the douglasii group.

Thomomys douglasii tacomensis, new subspecies.

TACOMA POCKET GOPHER.

Type. — From six miles south of Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington;
No. 231,096, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collection); 9
young adult; collected by George G. Cantwell, December 24, 1918; original
no. 857.

General characters. — Darker than any others of the pocket gophers occu-
pying the lowlands of western Washington. Similar to Thomomys douglasii
yelmensis, to which it appears to be most closely related, but upperparts
and face darker; postauricular black area more extensive; nasals narrower
anteriorly. Similar to T. d. melanops, but with interparietal larger.

Geographic distribution. — The typical form occurs on a prairie six miles
south of Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington. Specimens from Olympia,
Thurston County, and Steilacoom, Pierce County, are tentatively referred
to this subspecies.

Color. — Upperparts (winter pelage) in general, cinnamon-buff or clay
color, grizzled with blackish; face blackish; black postauricular area one
centimeter square nearly continuous with blackish of sides of face; nose
usually with white spots; whiskers, white or gray; underparts rather pale,
ochraceous-buff or light buff, a trifle darker in some examples, lacking the
irregular white areas observable in certain specimens of yelmensis.

Skull. — As in Thomomys douglasii yelmensis, but nasals averaging nar-
rower anteriorly; anterior nasal openings apparently smaller; rostrum ap-
parently more slender; cranium a little more rounded; interparietal averag-
ing shorter and narrower.

34— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (169)

170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Remarks. — The pocket gophers of the isolated prairies of western Wash-
ington show the effects of segregation. Broadly speaking, one may say that
those inhabiting each prairie represent a local variant. While the charac-
terization of each of these would be confusing, the recognition of the more
obvious forms is desirable. Thomomys douglasii douglasii is one of these,
T. d. yelmensis another, and T. d. tacomensis a third. Specimens from
localities between the type locality of the present subspecies and that of
yelmensis are of somewhat intermediate character, and might be referred to
either subspecies, according to specimens now in hand. Their precise
allocation must await the acquisition of additional material.

Specimens examined. — Total number 16, as follows:

Tacoma (6 miles south), Pierce County, 8; Steilacoom, Pierce County,
2; Olympia (4 miles south), Thurston County, 6.

Taylor — New Pocket Gopher from Western Washington. 171

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Vol. 32, pp. 173-176 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE STATUS OF LARUS HYPERBOREUS BARRO-

VIANUS RIDGWAY.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

In connection with the determination of material in the Bio-
logical Survey collection, the writer has recently had occasion
to review the claims of Larus hyperboreus barronanus Ridg-
way to recognition as a subspecies. Although Dr. J. Dwight
questions1 its validity, a careful reexamination of the material
and the other evidence in this case shows that this race is fully
as good as very many other subspecies of North American birds
that are currently accepted without demur. A few further
comments on this case may not be out of place at this time.

Of course, if our subspecies must be forms in which each indi-
vidual bird is constantly different from all those of every other
related form, we should need to expunge from our lists not only
the majority of subspecies, but even some perfectly distinct
species. Such, however, is fortunately not the criterion applied
by most modern systematic workers in vertebrate zoology. A
proportion, sometimes considerable, of individual variants,
some of which are not distinguishable from those of other races,
occur in almost every subspecific form, and the diagnosis of a
subspecies must, therefore, often rest upon the sum of its aver-
age characters, which characters in many cases are fully appre-
ciable only in a series of specimens. This statement suggests
directly what we conceive to be the proper object of subspecific
discrimination, i. e., to call attention to existing biological facts
and to furnish a convenient means of reference to them as a
basis for broader generalizations, of which the identification of
specimens is not the end, but to which it is merely contributory.

1 The Auk, XXXVI. No. 2, April, 1919, pp. 242-248.
35— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (173)

174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Therefore to refuse any recognition to a subspecies merely be-
cause its characters are not entirely constant, is to obscure a
fact that may have important bearing on other biological
problems.

As a matter of fact, Larus hyperboreus barrovianus is readily
distinguishable by either the color of the upper parts or by the
size of its bill. Our previous comparisons1 were, of course, made
with only adult birds and with those in comparable state of
plumage. We should, however, have emphasized the fact that
the darkest birds of Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus are much
paler than the darkest birds of Larus hyperboreus barrovianus,
and that the average color of the upper surface is so much
deeper in the latter form that with a series it is appreciable at
a glance. That occasional examples of Larus hyperboreus bar-
rovianus become pale in worn plumage certainly does not invali-
date this race, particularly in view of the fact that such speci-
mens are nearly always darker than the corresponding plumage
of Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus.

There is so much difference in size of bill in Larus hyperboreus
barrovianus as compared with Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus
that there usually is no difficulty at all in identifying sexed
specimens. It is true, of course, that some individuals are
intermediate in this character, but as mentioned above, this
should not cause the rejection of Larus hyperboreus barrovianus
as a subspecies. The length of the bill in this race is consider-
ably (4%) less than in Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus. It is,
nevertheless, not the best size character, for in the height of the
bill there is much greater relative as well as actual divergence;
this being 10% less in Larus hyperboreus barrovianus. This
point has evidently been overlooked by Dr. Dwight, as his figure
shows.2 We, of course, should have placed more emphasis on
this difference, as it forms one of the best characters for dis-
tinguishing Larus hyperboreus barrovianus.

The measurements of the bill in our former paper were taken
from ten males and ten females of each race, all adult and
properly sexed. Dr. Dwight's diagram itself3 fully explains
the reason for the discrepancy between his measurement of

1 The Auk, XXXV, No. 4, October, 1918, pp. 467-474.

2 The Auk, XXXVI, No. 2, April, 1919, p. 247.
S The Auk, XXXVI, No. 2, April, 1919, p. 247.

Oberholser — The Status of Larus hyperboreus barrovianus. 175

exposed culmen and ours. As his figure shows, his measure-
ment is taken in a straight line from the feathers of the forehead
to a point directly above the tip of the bill; while ours, as that
of ornithologists generally, is the chord of exposed culmen, a
considerably greater dimension, particularly in the case of a
large bird, and, of course, not comparable with the other.

The above differences between Larus hyperboreus barrovi-
anus and Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus are shown separately
as well as collectively by the series in every collection the
writer has examined, a list of which will be found in our original
article.1 Furthermore, all the ornithologists, in Cambridge,
Mass., Philadelphia, Pa., and Washington, D. C, to whom we
have pointed out the characters of Larus hyperboreus barrovianus
agree with us in considering it a readily recognizable sub-
species.

1 The Auk, XXXV, No. 4, October, 1918, p. 468.

Vol. 32, pp. 177-184 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

CRITICAL REMARKS ON PHILIPPINE ISLAND LAND

SHELLS.'

BY PAUL BARTSCH.

Large sendings from Palawan and the adjacent regions have
made it necessary to overhaul the groups of Cochlostyla typified
by Pfeiffer's cinerosa and palavanensis. The results of this
inquiry are in part given below. These sendings, mostly col-
lected by Mr. C. M. Weber, have also made it necessary to
recognize two additional races of Amphidromus versicolor which
come from the heretofore unexplored islands of Secam and Cana-
bungan. These are here described. A third subspecies of
Amphidromus, from the island of Mindanao, received some time
ago from Mr. Walter F. Webb, which belongs to the Amphi-
dromus maculiferus group, is added.

Cochlostyla cinerosa cinerosa Pfeiffer.

1855 Bulimus cinerosus, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 107, pi. 32, f. 5.

Pfeiffer's specimens, he states, were collected by Dr. H. E. I. C. Traill in
Palawan Passage, near Borneo. The definite island from which they came
is not stated and none of the specimens in our collection from the Philip-
pines agree exactly with Pfeiffer's description or figure, although they
plainly belong to the same complex. The fixing of the type locality for
this subspecies will therefore have to await future sendings. Pfeiffer states
that the type has 5 whorls and measures: altitude, 36.5 mm.; diameter,
13 mm.

Cochlostyla cinerosa trailli Pfeiffer.

1855 Bulimus trailli, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 107, pi. 32, f. 6.
The above description and figure depict a very dark shell with a light
band at the summit. It is quite possible that the lighter epidermis was lost
in this specimen and that only the sutural band remains. However, there
is also considerable difference in general shape, so that we shall consider it
i Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
36— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. 32, 1919. (177)

178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

distinct from Cochlostyla cinerosa cinerosa, although it may possibly turn
out to be simply a mutation of that form. We have not seen specimens of
this race, either. It also was collected by Dr. Traill in Palawan Passage,
near Borneo. Pfeiffer gives the following measurements: number of
whorls, 5; altitude, 36 mm.; diameter, 22mm.

Cochlostyla cinerosa balabacensis, new subspecies.
This shell strongly suggests Cochlostyla palavanensis graellsi in color and
markings but it is much more slender and much smaller than that shell.
Six specimens give the following measurements :

Cat. No.

Collection.

u

as

6

-a

3

+3

-+S CD
C3 g

In m

Locality.

Collector.

PM

Z ~

S 2

£is

<

o^

^'■B

208223

U. S. N. M.

6.0

39.8

25.3

21.8

Delawan

Quadras

11

"

5.7

34.5

24.3

20.4

**

"

l "

"

6.2

37.8

24.4

20.7

"

"

"

(I

5.5

34.5

25.3

21.0

"

"

66209

ti

6.0

35.1

24.8

21.3

Balabac

Steere

Chicago Academy

5.7

34.4

24.3

21.3

Quadras

iType.

Cochlostyla cinerosa higginsi, new subspecies.
This race lacks the strong axial striping, the last whorl being uniform
buff gray. The specimen was collected by Mr. C. M. Weber on Bessie
Island, and was donated by Mr. H. C. Higgins. The type, Cat. No.
336,046, U. S. N. M., yields the following measurements: number of
whorls, 5.6; altitude, 36.2 mm.; greater diameter, 23.4 mm.; lesser diameter,
20.9 mm.

Cochlostyla cinerosa ulugana, new subspecies.

A lot of specimens collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer
Albatross on the Philippine Expedition at Ulugan Bay, on the central west
coast of Palawan, are of a pale chocolate color, slightly, obscurely, obliquely
banded; with slender darkish fenestrations near the summit, and showing a
dark peripheral band when denuded of epidermis. To this race the above
name may be applied. Ten specimens yield the following measurements :

Cat. No.

Collection.

as

0)

(3 P

u
3

a> ?!
en C3

Locality. Col

lector.

5-=!

,±2

(-. ^

S 2

Z£

<

O^

hJ'D

256138

U. S. N. M.

5.5

34.9

23.0

20.1

Ulugan Bay U. S

». B. F.

•

**

5.4

35.3

23.9

20.9

*

*

'

ii

5.9

37.7

24.2

21.0

1

*

'

"

5.5

33.8

22.9

19.5

*

*

1

"

5.6

34.7

22.5

19.7

*

*

*

"

5.7

35.9

23.6

20.3

'

1

"

5.5

33.5

22.5

20.3

1

1

**

5.5

35.7

24.1

21.3

*

l

4

"

5.5

35.8

23.2

19.8

1

'

5.5

34.4

23.2

20.2

iType.

Bartsch — Critical Remarks on Philippine Land Shells. 179

Cochiostyla cinerosa tagbayugana, new subspecies.

A lot of shells collected by the Bureau of Fisheries' Steamer Albatross in
Tagbayug Bay, on the south coast of southern Palawan, are decidedly
more ovoid than the last named race. Unfortunately all the specimens are
devoid of epidermis so that the color pattern can not be described. The
shells may or may not have a dark peripheral band. Fifteen specimens
yield the following measurements:

Cat. No.

Collection.

Eo

■a

4£

Locality.

Collector.

>3^

%^

t_, CS

g el

£ S

<

O'-v

hl'-V

256110

U.S.N.M.

5.0

29.4

21.9

19.3

Tagbayug Bay

U. S. B. F.

**

**

4.8

27.7

22.0

18.3

'

* '

*'

11

5.0

30.3

22.8

18.8

'

"

it

"

5.3

32.0

24.2

20.4

'

"

it

"

4.9

25.2

20.2

17.5

1

'*

"

11

5.1

30.0

21.5

18.8

1

"

14

"

5.0

27.5

21.4

17.9

*

"

I(

"

4.5

24.9

20.7

17.8

'

«<

1 "

••

5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9

29.9
29.9
27.3
27.1

22.3
22.5
21.0
21.0

19.1
19.2
18.0
18.2

•

'•

256098

..

5.0
5.1

29.8
30.5

23.0
22.4

19.6
19.0

.

..

5.0

31.9

23.0

19.5

iType.

Cochiostyla cinerosa tidepolensis, new subspecies.

A slender form with dark apex followed by buff turns and terminating
in the usual axial streaking of buff and brown on the last turn is before me
from Tidepole Island, which may be known under the above designation.

The type, Cat. No. 310,083, U. S. N. M., has 5.3 whorls and measures:
altitude, 36.4 mm.; greater diameter, 18.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 5.3 mm.

COCHLOSTYLA PALAVANENSIS Pfeiffer.

This complex appears to have been greatly misunderstood. Most of the
authors seem to have confused Cochiostyla satyrus Broderip with it. The
specimens from southern Palawan ae;ree perfectly with Pfeiffer's diagnosis
and I shall therefore restrict Pfeiffer's name to the material from that
region.

An accumulation of specimens from other parts of the island show that
we will have to recognize some additional races from the large island of
Palawan, but I shall refrain from that until more material will have come
to hand which will give us a better understanding of the distribution of the
various races than the present collection would permit.

There are, however, a number of races which come from offlying islands
that demand recognition at the present time. These from the south north-
ward are:

180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Cochlostyla palavanensis graellsi Hidalgo.

1886 Cochlostyla graellsi, Journ. de Conch., vol. 35, p. 155, pi. 8, f. 5.

This is the large Cochlostyla on Balabac Island, a very strongly marked
race of palavanensis usually showing a dark sutural band.

Twenty-five specimens taken at random yield the following measure-
ments :

Cat. No.

Collection.

as

oj

"0
3
43

■- -

ai 43

43 a

. 43
° a

Locality.

3J3

43

fc. o3

0) 2

£is

<

03

►-l-o

336038

U. S. N. M.

5.7

44 .4

30.8

25.8

Delawan Valley,
Balabac.

6.1

45.0

29.4

25.0

6.1

45.4

30.0

24.8

6.2

46.0

30.2

25.2

6.1

47.4

30.3

25.2

6.1

46.5

31.0

26.8

6.4

49.4

30.4

26.3

6.0

46.9

29.6

24.5

6.0

46.8

28.5

24.2

6.1

50.4

32.1

26.9

6.1

48.9

31.0

27.2

6.1

46.7

29.9

25.7

6.1

43.5

27.7

23.9

6.3

48.4

28.8

24.4

6.4

50.8

31.5

26.2

6.1

47.3

32.3

26.5

6.1

43.8

27.5

24.0

6.1

44.9

28.7

23.9

6.0

49.3

32.7

26.9

6.2

45.7

30.5

25.4

6.0

43.9

27.8

23.8

6.1

47.2

30.3

26.4

5.8

42.3

29.8

24.7

6.6

49.1

29.0

25.2

6.5

47.3

30.0

24.8

Cochlostyla palavanensis mantangulensis, new subspecies.

On the island of Mantangule we have a small race of this species in which
we may have the alternate light and dark axial streaking, or sometimes the
light gray epidermis almost completely envelops the last whorl. Ten
specimens yield the following measurements:

Cat. No.

Collection.

as

03

3

+3

u

o 43

os g

3

Locality.

3%

4^

« S3

8 5

*z

<

o-y

JT3

336035

U. S. N. M.

6.0

39.8

23.9

20.3

Mantangule Id.

*

6.0

42.8

24.5

20.2

"

*

5.9

40.9

26.3

21.9

"

*

6.0

40.0

22.3

19.5

"

*

6.0

40.7

24.4

20.6

"

1

5.8

43.3

27.5

22.8

"

i

•

5.9
6.0
6.1

43.2
43.0
41.6

25.3
26.3
26.8

22.5
22.2
22.8

••

6.3

45.3

25.9

20.0

iType.

Bartsch — Critical Remarks on Philippine Land Shells. 181

Cochlostyla palavanensis bancalanensis Bartsch.
In 1918 we described the above subspecies in these Proceedings, volume
31, pp. 200-201. There is no need to repeat here except to say that this
race from Bancalan Island is paler and less contrastedly streaked than the
other forms mentioned.

Cochlostyla palavanensis culionensis, new subspecies.

This is the mollusk which von M Ollendorff considered Cochlostyla satyrus
librosa. Cochlostyla librosa Pfr., however, is a different race of palavanensis
occurring in Palawan, as I shall point out when I come to discuss the Pala-
wan members. The present race appears without a name. It is much less
strongly banded than the forms heretofore discussed and has a tendency
toward fenestration near the suture.

Four specimens yield the following measurements:

Cat. No.

Collection.

u

a s

6
-a

■s

u o

c3 g

, -^>

— n)

CD c
CG 2

Locality.

Collector.

^-«

Cm c3

8 2

S3 &

<

O^S

Jt)

1 195425

U. S. N. M.

5.5

43.7

26.9

23.3

Culion Id.

Mollendorff

"

"

5.9

44.3

27.9

23.9

"

**

"

"

5.5

43.7

29.8

25.4

"

n

80

Chicago Academy

5.7

42.8

28.3

23.6

ii

iType.

Cochlostyla weberi, new species.

Shell depressed helicoid, thin, semitranslucent, white, excepting the
region about the columellar area which is pale yellow. The exposed por-
tion of the whorls is well rounded, separated by a well impressed suture,
marked by decidedly retractive lines of growth. Periphery of the last
whorl rounded; the convexity of the spire and the base, however, lends
to it the aspect of having an obtuse angulation. Base marked like the spire,
the convexity equalling that of the upper portion of the whorl. Aperture
oblique, broadly oval; outer lip thin, slightly thickened at the edge, and
only moderately reflected; columella very oblique, decidedly excavated;
parietal wall glazed with a scarcely perceptible callus. The very thin
epidermis has a somewhat crinkly appearance which gives one the impres-
sion of obsolete microscopic spiral striations which, however, are not ap-
parent when one examines the shell under the microscope.

Three adult and an equal number of juvenile individuals are in our col-
lection. The adult shells yield the following measurements:

Cat. No.

336032

256040

i 336048

Collection.

U. S. N. M.

u

o ■

o
■a

3

ter
eter.

ft °

a&

+3

g a

% fi

2-B

~ o3

S.2

Z, *

<!

O-a

-l-c

4.1

18.9

27.0

21.8

4.0

18.9

28.7

22.0

4.2

21.5

32.4

24.8

Locality.

Candaraman Id.

Collector.

Weber
U. S. B. F.
Higgins

iType.

182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Amphidromus versicolor secamensis, new subspecies.

Seventy-five specimens collected by Mr. Weber on Secam Island are
before me, all of which have the dark tip characteristic of versicolor, but
only one of which shows the dark flammulations on the early whorls. The
rest are unicolor, or occasionally with hydrophanous lines. The general
color varies from white through pale yellow to green. There is a tendency
in some of the specimens to show the red sutural band characteristic of
Amphidromus quadrasi. The lip in about half of the material is dark edged
and a rosy tint surrounds the columella in about half the specimens. There
is a great variation in the size of this race.

Twenty-five specimens taken at random measure:

Cat. No.

Collection.

Is

e

3

+3

<

c3 a

O'-B

u

vi a

Locality.

Collector.

336029

U.S.N.M.

6.8

41.8

20.8

17.7

Secam Id.

Weber

*'

6.2

31.9

17.9

15.4

"

"

6.8

40.0

20.5

17.1

**

11

6.0

29.8

16.1

14.3

11

"

6.0

31.9

18.3

15.8

"

"

6.9

44.9

22.2

18.3

"

"

6.8

35.6

18.8

15.8

"

"

6.1

30.6

16.5

14.4

"

"

6.0

29.8

17.5

14.8

11

"

6.0

28.0

16.0

13.2

11

"

6.3

32.8

17.5

15.3

"

"

7.0

42.3

22.0

18.2

"

1

l(

6.9
6.0
6.1
6.4
7.0
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.8
7.0

40.7
30.0
30.0
35.4
39.3
35.0
28.5
31.4
32.9
39.4
37.8
37.8

21.5
16.8
17.6
19.8
20.7
19.0
16.7
18.4
17.8
21.0
19.8
18.3

17.7
14.0
14.9
17.0
17.7
15.5
14.0
15.7
15.3
18.3
16.0
15.3

it

6.4

32.8

17.4

15.0

i Type.

Amphidromus versicolor canabunganensis, new subspecies.

Mr. Weber has sent us sixty-two specimens of dark tipped Amphidromus
from Canabungan Island. These are bright yellow suffused with green.
Almost half of the specimens have the last whorls streaked with axial lines
of green which are almost sufficiently closely spaced to render the whole
whorl of a green tint. A few of the specimens are almost white. Two of
the specimens have the characteristic flammulations on the early whorls.
A number have dark lips. A few have a mere indication of pinkish at the
columellar area.

Twenty-five of these taken at random measure :

Bartsch — Critical Remarks on Philippine Land Shells. 183

Cat. No.

Collection.

ija

oj
-a

3
+3

— -

« 5

8 2

Locality.

Collector.

& &

<3

O^

I-5T3

336030

U. S. N. M.

7.1

43.0

20.7

17.7

Canabungan Id.

Weber

7.1

43.3

19.8

17.5

"

7.1

40.3

17.5

14.5

"

7.0

39.8

16.5

14.4

**

1

7.7
6.9
7.9
7.1
6.7
6.8
6.7
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.7
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.4
6.5
6.7
6.7
7.0

41.5
38.2
45.5
42.5
34.0
39.6
32.3
38.8
39.5
38.2
39.8
36.3
38.9
36.9
35.8
42.8
37.0
39.8
34.2
40.9

18.0
18.5
19.1
20.8
17.8
19.9
16.3
17.8
18.7
17.8
16.5
17.0
19.1
18.3
18.8
19.7
18.9
18.9
18.3
20.7

15.0
15.2
16.8
17.9
14.9
17.2
14.0
14.9
16.3
15.9
13.9
15.5
16.4
15.8
15.7
17.2
16.0
16.2
15.7
17.5

••

7.4

30.3

18.5

15.4

i Type.

Amphidromus maculiferus webbi, new subspecies.

This race of Amphidromus maculiferus is most nearly related to Amphi-
dromus maculiferus buluanensis Bartsch. Like that race it is devoid of
maculations, and like it, it is provided with strong dark brown varicial
bands. It differs from Amphidromus maculiferus buluanensis in having the
ground color yellow instead of buff. In fact, this is the only member of
the maculiferus complex which has this coloration.

The type and two specimens of this subspecies, Cat. No. 217,035, U. S.
N. M., were donated by Mr. Walter F. Webb. They were collected at
Cabacan, Cotabato, Mindanao. These specimens measure:

Number of
whorls.

Altitude.

Diameter.

1 7.1
7.0
7.0

63.4
61.0
59.5

33.4
30.0
29.0

i Type.

Vol. 32, pp. 185-186 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

FITCH'S THORN LEAF APHIS.
BY A. C. BAKER.

The publication by Quaintance and Baker1 of a brief refer-
ence to Aphis crataegefoliae Fitch has called forth a number of
inquiries by entomologists in regard to this name and that of
brevis Sanderson. The facts are as follows:

In 1851 Fitch2 described his Aphis crataegefoliae and his type
specimens are now in the U. S. National Museum Collection.
They have been removed from the pins and mounted in balsam
and consist of alate viviparous females in rather poor condition.
The species can, however, be easily determined from these types.
It is the species found commonly curling the leaves of Crataegus
in the Eastern United States and it is met with quite frequently
also upon fruit trees. It proves to have a long beak and in
this character is distinguishable from Aphis bakeri Co wen.

Recently Dr. Edith M. Patch3 has published an account of
two clover Aphids and has discussed the two species under the
names Aphis brevis Sanderson and Aphis bakeri Cowen. Miss
Patch was unable to obtain the types of Aphis brevis. The collec-
tions at that time were in Mr. Pergande's care. After Per-
gande's death, when the writer rearranged the National Museum
Collection, he located Sanderson's types. Unfortunately these
are sexes and a direct comparison with the Fitch types is there-
fore not possible. Reared sexes, however, have been compared
with Sanderson's slides and alate forms of this same lot with the
Fitch slides, and it is evident that the two are the same and

i Farmers' Bulletin, U. S. D. A., No. 804.

2 Cat. Horn. N. Y. State Cab., p. 66.

3 Journal of Research, Vol. Ill, p. 431.

37— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (185)

186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

that brevis must become a synonym of crataegefoliae. The dis-
tinction of these species from bakeri given by Miss Patch is con-
firmed by the types of these two workers.

Sanderson was evidently led astray by the referring of Fitch's
name to quite a different species closely related to if not identi-
cal with prunifoliae Fitch.

A study of crataegefoliae shows that it is not an Aphis but
belongs to the genus Anur aphis as does also its close relative
bakeri. Indeed, there is a group of American species in this
genus having finely imbricated cornicles, the imbrications cov-
ered with minute points. Of this group crataegefoliae and bakeri
live upon rosaceous plants and migrate to clovers during the
summer. These two species will stand as follows :

Anuraphis crataegefoliae (Fitch).

Aphis crataegefoliae Fitch, 1851.
Aphis brevis Sanderson, 1902.

Anuraphis bakeri (Cowen).

Aphis bakeri Cowen, 1895.
Aphis cephalacola Cowen, 1895.

Vol. 32, pp. 187-188 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW SALVIA FROM GUATEMALA.
BY S. F. BLAKE.

Specimens of a Salvia, collected in Guatemala by Mr. Wilson
Popenoe of the Bureau of Plant Industry and recently referred
to the writer for determination, prove to represent a new species
which promises to be of value for horticultural purposes, from
its abundance of azure-blue flowers. Mr. Popenoe believes that
it will prove hardy in southern California and southern Florida,
and that it will be possible to grow it elsewhere in the United
States as a bedding plant, as it is readily propagated by means
of cuttings. At the suggestion of the collector the species is
named for Mr. Robert W. Hempstead of Tucuni, Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala, who materially aided Mr. Popenoe in his explora-
tions in Guatemala.

Salvia hempsteadiana, sp. nov.

Stems several, erect, "45 to 60 cm. high, half -woody at base," 4-sulcate
with rounded angles, puberulous in the grooves, sparsely hispidulous and
sessile-glandular on the angles; leaf blades 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm.
wide, triangular, narrowed from just above base to apex, truncate at base,
hastately 1 to 2-dentate on each side near base, crenate to subentire above,
papyraceous, deep green above, puberulous along costa and chief veins, on
surface sparsely gland-dotted and finely hispidulous, beneath usually pur-
plish, gland-dotted, sparsely hispidulous along costa; petioles purplish,
puberulous above, slender, 2 to 5 cm. long, their bases connected by a puber-
ulous ring; uppermost pair of leaves reduced, lance-ovate; peduncle (6 to 8
cm. long) and inflorescence densely pilose with gland-tipped hairs and
stipitate-glandular; branches of inflorescence several, ascending, the lowest
5 to 10 cm. long, the flowers loosely racemose; pedicels 1.5 to 3.5 mm. long;
calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long, stipitate-glandular and sparsely pilose with gland-
tipped hairs, ciliate with chiefly eglandular hairs, green or violet-tinged, the
upper lip tridenticulate, the teeth of the subequal lower lip lanceolate, acute,
0.5 mm. long; corolla 2.2 cm. long, "sky-blue," violet-blue when dried,
38— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (187)

188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

obliquely tubular-funnelform, stipitate-glandular and pilose with chiefly
eglandular hairs, the lips equal, the lower more or less deflexed, the middle
lobe of lower lip exceeding the lateral; stamens and style exserted about 1
cm., pale; filaments puberulous at base; anthers apparently violet, 3.5 mm.
long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,011,724, collected at the
Seed and Plant Introduction farm at Yarrow, Maryland, May 23, 1919, by
P. Bisset (S. P. I. no. 44995), grown from cuttings collected in clayey soil
along a mountain stream near Puruld,, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, altitude
about 1525 meters, July 19, 1917, by Wilson Popenoe (no. 176).

This species is related to S. brevicalyx Benth., of the series Vulgares, but
is easily distinguished by its loose inflorescences, longer pedicels, and dif-
ferent leaves. From S. filipes Benth. it differs widely in leaf shape.

Vol. 32, pp. 189-194 September 30, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NEW PLANTS FROM SINALOA.
BY S. F. BLAKE.

The following new species of plants have been found in a col-
lection from the District of San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico, made
by Senor Antonio E. Salazar under the direction of Sefior Jesus
G. Ortega, head of the Department of Agriculture, Department
of Sinaloa and Nayarit. This collection has recently been sent
to the U. S. Department of Agriculture for determination.

Polygala sinaloae, sp. nov.

Slender annual; stems solitary, erect or ascending, sparsely branched, 1.1
to 1.6 dm. high, 5-angulate, papillose-roughened on the angles, glabrous;
leaves remote, whorled to middle of stem or higher, the two lowest whorls
in 2's or 3's, oval to elliptic, acute or cuspidulate, cuneateat base, 6to 12 mm.
long including the short petiole; one or two median whorls in 5 's, the blades
elliptic-linear, acuminate at each end, cuspidulate, glabrous, papillose-
roughened on margin, subsessile, 1 to 1.8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide;
those of the branchlets mostly scattered, linear, subulate-tipped, 4 to 8 mm.
long; peduncles 1 to 2 cm. long; racemes cylindric or conic, acute, rather
loosely flowered, 5 mm. thick, the axis becoming 1 to 2.5 cm. long; bracts
ovate, attenuate-tipped, deciduous, 1 mm. long; pedicels 0.8 mm. long;
flowers magenta-pink; upper sepal broadly oval, obtusely apiculate, 1-
nerved, sparsely stipitate-glandular-ciliate, 1 to 1.2 mm. long; lower sepals
ovate, acute or acuminate, sparsely stipitate-glandular-ciliate, 0.8 to 1 mm.
long; wings obovate, rounded at apex, 3-nerved, 2.8 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide;
keel 2 mm. long, the crest of 4 pairs of lobes, the uppermost short, adnate,
emarginate, the 3 lower linear, papillose; upper petals oblong-ovate, trun-
cate, 4-veined, 2.2 mm. long; capsule oval, obtuse, 1.7 mm. long, 1.4 mm.
wide; seed ellipsoid, pubescent, 1.6 mm. long; aril 1 mm. long, the two lobes
oblong.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,011,733, collected in damp
places at an altitude of 950 meters, Quebrada de la Mojonera, San Ignacio,
Sinaloa, Mexico, February 19, 1919, by A. E. Salazar (no. 782).

39— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (189)

190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Most closely related to P. asperuloides H. B. K., of Guatemala and Brit-
ish Honduras, from which it differs in its larger magenta-pink flowers and
longer pedicels.

Parsonsia blepharophylla, sp. nov.

Herbaceous, 3.5 dm. high or more; stem slender, terete, grayish, densely
hispidulous with slightly retrorse hairs, the divergent branches also sparsely
hispid with ascending brownish hairs; leaves opposite, the blades 2.2 to 4.5
cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide, lanceolate to lance-ovate, acuminate, rounded
or subcordate and usually unequal at base, firm, entire, feather-veined with
6 to 8 pairs of prominulous lateral veins, above pale green, tuberculate-
hispidulous with spreading hairs and sparsely hispid with incurved tuber-
culate-based hairs, toward margin hispid-ciliate, beneath scarcely paler
green, tuberculate-hispidulous and along nerves hispid; petioles 1 to 2 mm.
long, hispidulous and sparsely hispid; branch leaves smaller; flowers in
racemes of 10 to 12 toward ends of branches and stem; bracts ovate, rather
crowded, 6 to 13 mm. long; pedicels densely hispidulous, 1 to 2 mm. long;
calyx 25 to 28 mm. long, nearly tubular, short-calcarate (spur 1 mm. long),
slightly swollen above, 12-nerved, purplish-tinged, rather densely hispid
with purplish hairs and hispidulous with short white spreading hairs, gla-
brous within below the stamens; petals 6, deep red with purplish-black
basal spot, the 2 upper oval, 11 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, the 4 lower 3 to 6
mm. long; stamens 11, inserted about % the length of the calyx above the
base (the 2 dorsal epipetalous slightly lower down), the episepalous ones
exserted, the 2 dorsal episepalous shorter and purplish-bearded especially
at apex; ovary glabrous, 16-ovulate; style glabrous, exserted; disk short,
thick, bisulcate, revolute.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,011,732, collected on road
from Ixtagua to Agua Fria, San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico, altitude 340
meters, January 20, 1919, by A. E. Salazar (no. 698).

This species belongs to series 3 of the subsection Lophostomum of
Koehne's monograph, and is distinguished from Cuphea bilimekii Koehne,
its nearest relative, by its densely hispidulous stem and pedicels, longer
calyx, and larger petals.

Piptothrix sinaloae, sp. nov.

Shrub, 0.5 to 0.8 m. high; branchlet slender, terete, fuscous-brown, rather
densely incurved-pubescent with several-celled hairs; leaves opposite, the
blades 5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 3.2 cm. wide, ovate, acuminate, and somewhat
falcate, rounded to cuneate-rounded at base, broadest in the lower third,
serrate with about 11 pairs of mucronulate teeth between the entire base
and apex, papyraceous, 3-nerved, prominulous-reticulate beneath, above
dull green, evenly but not densely short-pubescent with spreading several-
celled glandular-tuberculate-based hairs, beneath paler green, similarly
short-pubescent chiefly along the veins and veinlets, densely gland-dotted ;
petioles 2 to 3 mm. long, similarly pubescent; panicle terminal, rounded, 4
cm. long, 5 cm. wide, densely short-pubescent with more or less spreading

Blake — New Plants from Sinaloa. 191

glandular-based hairs; pedicels 2 mm. long or less; heads 8-flowered, slender,
4 mm. high; involucre 2 mm. high, the phyllaries about 7, somewhat un-
equal, linear, acutish, siccate, not distinctly nerved, gland-dotted and
sparsely puberulous; corollas white, glabrous, 2.7 mm. long, with slender
tube (O.S mm. long), funnelform throat, and triangular spreading teeth;
styles creamy; achenes 5-angled, whitish, sparsely puberulous, 1.3 mm.
long; pappus of about 15 fragile upwardly spinulose unequal awns 0.6 to
2 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,011,731, collected in shady,
sheltered places, Sierra del Mineral del Tominil, District of San Ignacio,
Sinaloa, Mexico, altitude 1,500 meters, November 17, 1918, by A. E.
Salazar (no. 75).

Distinguished from P. pubens A. Gray, the only other described species
with pubescent stem and branches, by its 8-flowered (not 11-flowered)
heads, and by the sparse pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves.

Perymenium stenophyllum, sp. nov.

Frutescent; branches very slender, gray, quadrangular, striate, sparsely
strigose and strigillose, glabrescent; leaves opposite, the blades 3 to 10 cm.
long, 1 to 3.5 mm. wide, narrowly linear, acuminate at both ends, firm,
revolute, 1-nerved, above dark green, strigose and strigillose with somewhat
tuberculate-based hairs, beneath strigose on costa, between the costa and
the margin densely canescent-tomentulose with crisped hairs; petioles
strigillose, 1 to 2 mm. long; heads about 8 mm. wide, in terminal clusters
of 3 to 7; pedicels slender striate, strigillose, 3 to 20 mm. long; disk hemis-
pheric, 4 to 5 mm. high, 4 to 6 mm. thick; involucre 4-seriate, graduated,
4 to 5 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries much smaller, ovate, obtuse,
indurated, with obscurely herbaceous tip, strigillose, ciliate, the inner ones
oval to oblong-oval, rounded, obscurely herbaceous-tipped, strigillose and
ciliate; corollas not seen; pales acute, strigillose on keel, 4 mm. long; ray
achenes trigonous, wingless, blackish, cross-striate, strigillose on the angles,
2.5 mm. long; disk achenes similar, biconvex, 2 mm. long; pappus of about
20 stoutish strigillose-ciliate deciduous awns, those on the angles 1.3 mm.
long, the others subequal, 0.8 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,010,062, collected in cal-
careous soil, District of San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico, August 20, 1918, by
A. E. Salazar (no. 501).

This very distinct species is easily recognized by its narrowly linear
leaves, densely canescent-tomentulous beneath.

Verbesina ortegae, sp. nov.

Frutescent; branches greenish, striate, rather sparsely strigillose; leaves
alternate, the blades 7 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, elliptic-lanceo-
late, serrulate with about 11 pairs of depressed mucronulate teeth, feather-
veined (lateral veins about 9 pairs, translucent), not reticulate, mem-
branaceous, above deep green, rather sparsely strigillose, smooth, beneath

192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

duller green, inconspicuously and rather sparsely strigillose; petioles naked,
not auriculate or decurrent, strigillose, 2 to 10 mrn. long; heads 6 mm.
wide, numerous in dense terminal and subterminal flattish panicles 3 to 3.5
cm. wide, these somewhat surpassing the leaves; pedicels densely ascend-
ing-puberulous, 3 to 7 mm. long; disk obovoid-oblong, 5 to 7 mm. high,
2.5 to 3.5 mm. thick; involucre 3-seriate, graduated, 3 to 3.5 mm. high, the
phyllaries narrowly oblong, rounded, indurated, 3-vittate, with thinner
obscurely herbaceous tip, appressed, white-ciliolate and slightly strigillose;
rays about 5, yellow, quadrate, fertile, unequally tridentate, 2 mm. long
and wide; disk corollas about 20, yellow, sparsely pilose on the obscure tube,
3 mm. long (tube about 0.7 mm.); pales obtuse, pubescent dorsally, ciliate
above, 4.5 mm. long; disk achenes cuneate-obovate, blackish, very sparsely
strigillose, 3.3 mm. long, narrowly winged below, the wings somewhat
broadened above and adnate to the base of the awns; awns 2, slender, un-
equal, sparsely strigillose, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,010,064, collected in the
vicinity of San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico, 1918-1919, by A. E. Salazar (no.
662).

This species belongs in the section Saubinetia, next to V. abscondita
Klatt and V. perymenioides Sch. Bip. It is distinguished from the first by
its thin, smooth, merely strigillose leaves, and from the second by its
smaller panicles and by having its leaves strigillose, not loosely pilosulous,
beneath. The species is named in honor of Sefior Jesus Gonzales Ortega,
Head of the Department of Agriculture in Sinaloa, under whose direction
these collections were made.

Otopappus salazari, sp. nov.

Scandent shrub; branchlets slender, grayish, striate, strigillose; leaves
opposite, the blades 9.5 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, lance-ovate, long-
acuminate, often falcate, at base truncate-rounded, obscurely mucronulate-
denticulate with scattered teeth, 3-nerved and prominulous-reticulate be-
neath, membranaceous, above deep green, evenly strigillose with slightly
tuberculate-based hairs and slightly roughish, beneath slightly paler green,
strigose along costa, elsewhere evenly but sparsely strigillose ; petioles slender,
unmargined, strigillose, 7 to 11 mm. long; heads 12 to 15 mm. wide, about
13 in a terminal ternately arranged panicle 6.5 cm. wide; pedicels strigillose,
1 to 1.7 cm. long; bracts minute; disk hemispheric, 8 to 10 mm. high, 7 to
10 mm. thick; involucre 5-seriate, graduated, 4 to 4.5 mm. high, the phyll-
aries oval or oblong-oval, obtuse, indurated, with obscurely subherbaceous
midline and slightly spreading apex, strigillose chiefly along midline, ciliate,
the outermost oblong-spatulate and subherbaceous, spreading; rays about 10,
oval, yellow, fertile, 4.5 mm. long; disk corollas yellow, glabrous, 4.5 to
5 mm. long (tube slender, 1.5 to 1.8 mm.); pales acute, spinulose-ciliolate
on keel and margin, 6 mm. long; ray achenes trigonous, rather narrowly
winged, the wings broadened above and adnate to the awns throughout
their length; awns 3, the inner one 1.5 mm. long, the two outer about 0.5

Blake — New Plants from Sinaloa. 193

mm. long, all connected at base by the lacerate corona, the latter about 0.5
mm. long; disk achenes strongly compressed, glabrous except for the spinu-
lose-ciliolate wings, 3 mm. long, narrowly winged, the wings broadened
above and adnate to the awns throughout their length; inner awn 2 mm.
long, the outer 1 mm. long; squamellae about 6, united at base into a lacer-
ate corona, 0.4 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,010,063, collected at
Ixtagua, District of San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico, August 12, 1918, by
A. E. Salazar (no. 450).

Otopappus salazari is easily distinguished by its radiate heads, long pedi-
cels, and evenly strigillose leaves.

Vol. 32, pp. 195-202 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

GENERAL NOTES.

A NOTE ON THE EYE OF THE BLACK SKIMMER (RYNCHOPS

NIGRA).

The pupil of the eye in the majority of species of birds is rounded or cir-
cular in form, whether expanded or contracted. Few exceptions to this have
been known. In some of the gallinaceous birds the pupil when contracted
is said to become slightly elliptical1 and in owls this condition is at times
slightly more accentuated.

Recently while handling a living black skimmer (Rynchops nigra) I was
astonished to note that when the eye was turned to the sun the pupil con-
tracted to an elongated vertical slit as in the eye of a cat. The opening was
reduced very little in its vertical length but narrowed greatly laterally so
that when contracted the opening was nearly as high as when expanded.
When fully opened the upper and lower points of the pupillar aperture were
marked by distinct angles so that even at this time the opening was not
circular. The swinging motion as the sides of the pupil moved toward one
another in contracting was very peculiar.

It has been stated by Gadow (in the citation given above) and others that
owls also have the opening of the pupil a distinct slit as in the eye of a cat.
Recently I have examined living individuals of the Snowy, Great Horned,
Barn, and Screech Owls finding, however, as I had expected from previous
observations, that the pupil did not differ markedly from that in other birds.
For example immature individuals of the Great Horned and Screech Owls,
when suddenly exposed to the light from a high candle power electric light
bulb, contracted the pupil until it was very small, while in form it varied
only from round to slightly elliptical. In the latter case the axis of the
slightly elongated opening was longitudinal and not vertical. Adult in-
dividuals examined in larger enclosures by the aid of high power binoculars
exhibited the same peculiarities and though I have handled many owls of
the common North American species I have yet to see one with form of the
eye differing from that described above.

The peculiar development found in the Black Skimmer therefore is, so far
as I am aware, unique, though there is little doubt but that the same peculi-
arity will be found in the other species composing the genus Rynchops. It
may be that this slit-like eye opening like the peculiar compressed bill with
its elongated lower mandible is another adaptation brought about by the
strange feeding habits of these birds. — Alexander Wetmore.

iGadow, H., Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs : Vogel, Vol. I, 1891, p. 436.

40 — Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (195)

196 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

SOME NOTES ON THE PLUMAGE OF THE MALE FLORIDA RED-
WING (AGELAIUS P. FLORIDANUS).

While engaged in field work in Louisiana during June of the present year,
my attention was called to a seeming absence or greatly restricted color
marking on the shoulders of a considerable percentage of the males of the
local red-wings (apparently Agelaius p. floridanus) ; and as I can discover
no reference to this condition during the breeding season, the following
notes may be of interest.

Red-wings were most abundant about the marshes of the mainland, but
were also represented by breeding examples on the outermost islands of the
Gulf, such as the Chandeleur and Errol groups, or wherever suitable en-
vironmental conditions existed. In Cameron Parish, southwest Louisiana,
they were particularly abundant, the extensive marshes which characterize
this region affording ideal breeding places and nests containing eggs in vari-
ous stages of incubation or newly hatched young, were observed daily. The
neighborhood of dykes bordering rice fields and the levees of the canals
formed the centers of abundance for nests. An occasional nest containing
well-fledged young was found but in no case were they able to fly, so that
the breeding season could be considered as at its height. At this point,
males in the full brilliant nuptial plumage were in the vast majority and only
an occasional example was noted that lacked the glossy black body and
bright red epaulettes. But at Avery Island, Iberia Parish, I was at once
impressed by the reversed ratio, and, although it is probable that they were
breeding in the vicinity (sparingly, at least), no nests were discovered, nor
were more than one or two females seen during a period of six days. Dull
colored males were extremely numerous, fully 1 50 being under observation
one afternoon as they fed from the feed boxes on the State Game Farm. As
they had become quite tame here it was a simple matter to select a series
exhibiting the variations in color and markings.

Special attention was paid to the dissection of the specimens obtained as
a means of determining the exact conditions of age and reproductive develop-
ment. In so far as the cellular structure of the skull may be employed as
a criterion of age, the specimens were all obviously adult, i. e., at least one
year old. The undeveloped state of the sexual organs, however, was con-
clusive proof that they were non-breeders, and in addition to this condi-
tion, the plumage showed unmistakable signs of immaturity, the most ap-
parent being the aforementioned obscured shoulder patches. On one speci-
men red or orange is almost totally lacking, a few under feathers alone ex-
hibiting any trace of color other than black. From this extreme a complete
and fully connected gradation is afforded, the examples at the other end of
the series displaying well marked patches approximating bittersweet
orange,1 but even this contrasts greatly when compared with the brilliant
scarlet red of the breeding birds. A few of these non-breeders (the ones
with the most restriction on the shoulder color) still show a few of the ashy tips
to the feathers of the upper breast ; this last, however, is extremely variable
and in no case is it at all extensive. Moreover, the glossy and more or less

iRidgway's Color Standards and Nomenclature.

General Notes. 197

iridescent black of the head and body plumage of the breeding bird is almost
entirely lacking, the black being dull and non-lustrous. On the lower belly
and back it is decidedly brownish, while the remiges are ashy brown on the
portion extending beyond the closed secondaries, a dull brownish black
gradually replacing this color anteriorly. This color is also shared by the
tertiaries in a lesser degree, and the entire body plumage has a more or less
worn and rough appearance as contrasted with the smooth glossy covering
of the breeders.

A parallel to this unique condition is probably to be found in the orchard,
hooded, and perhaps other tropical and sub-tropical orioles which require
three years for the acquisition of the full plumage, although it may be that
these species will breed in the garb of immaturity (I have no definite infor-
mation concerning this last). Among the other varieties of Agelaius I
know of none that exhibit this peculiarity which if proven consistent may
make necessary a rearrangement of the group, with A. p. fioridanus raised
to full specific rank. — F. C. Lincoln, Denver, Colo.

A NEW NAME FOR A DROMIID CRAB.

In 1902 : I changed the current name of the Indo-Pacific Dromia, the most
widely distributed of the sponge-crabs, from Dromia rumphii Fabricius,
1798, to the earlier name Dromia dormia (Linnaeus).2

A similar change should be made in the name of the European Dromia,
now known as Dromia vulgaris Milne Edwards. The Linnaean name, caput
mortuum, should be restored and the species should be called Dromia caput
mortuum3 (Linnaeus). Milne Edwards himself says4 that Linnaeus's caput
mortuum appears to be simply an age variety of vulgaris.

The species to which Milne Edwards gave the name caput mortuum6 is
altogether different: it occurs in the Indo-Pacific, and is as large as D. dormia
or the true D. caput mortuum, but is less abundant. D. caput mortuum
Milne Edwards, 1837, is now in need of a new specific name, for which I
would suggest edwardsi. As the species has been placed in Dromidiopsis
by Borradaile,6 tentatively, and later by Ihle,7 its full name is Dromidiopsis
edwardsi.

To summarize the above changes in three of the largest Dromiids,
Dromia dormia (Linnaeus, 1763) =D. rumphii Fabricius, 1798, and most

subsequent authors. Indo-pacific.
Dromia caput mortuum (Linnaeus, 1766) =D. vulgaris Milne Edwards, 1837.

Western Europe, west coast of Africa, Mediterranean.
Dromidiopsis edwardsi Rathbun, 1919=Drom-ta caput mortuum Milne Ed-
wards, 1837, not Cancer caput mortuum Linnaeus, 1766. Indo-Pacific.

— Mary J. Rathbun.

iProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 32.

^Cancer dormia Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad., vol. 6, 1763, p. 413.

^Cancer caput mortuum, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 1050, type locality, Algiria.

4Hi8t. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 173, footnote.

sOp. cit., p. 178.

6 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, 1903, p. 299.

7Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition, I, Dromiacea, 1913, p. 28.

198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

ADDITIONS TO "A LIST OF FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES OF

ICHNEUMON-FLIES OR THE SUPERFAMILY

ICHNEUMONOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA)."1

Since publishing the first list of additions to the above I have come across
the following:

Brachycyrtinae new subfamily name=(Proterocryptini Cushman, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 55 (543) 1919.

[( Prolerocryptus) Brachycyrtus nawaii Ashmead, etc.] Roman 1915 (5, 6)
regards this as a member of the Ophioninae nearest Cremastinae but with
characters in common with Hellwigia and Banchus, Cushman 1919 1. c. re-
gards this as a member of the Tryphoninae, nearest Sphinctinae.

Merolidinae new subfamily= (Merolidini Brethes), between Ambly-
telinae and Listrodrominae.

(Merolides Brethes.)
( Mimagathinae Enderlein)=Stantoninae new subfamily name. Between
Bassinae and Sigalphinae.

(Stantonia Ashmead and Mimagathis Enderlein) .
Orgilinae new subfamily, between Blacinae and Leiophroninae.
(Orgilus Haliday and Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre; .
Orthognathellinae Szepligeti, between Phaeogeninae and Alomyinae.

(Orthognathella Szepligeti) .

— Henry L. Viereck.

A FORMER RECORD OF THE HEATH HEN (TYMPANUCHUS
CUPIDO) AT WASHINGTON, D. C.

I have recently met with an apparently unrecorded specimen of the Heath
Hen (Tympanuchus cupido) that was secured at Washington, D. C, on
April 10, 1846, by Dr. Alex. McWilliams. This specimen, No. 12,567, U. S.
National Museum, was entered in the Catalogue of the Division of Birds,
Vol. 3, July 19, 1859. The bird was mounted, and sent to the Chicago
Academy of Sciences in 1870, and was destroyed in the Chicago fire of 1871.
As Professor Baird was extremely accurate in his entries of localities, and
as, at that early date, it was extremely unlikely that the bird could have been
taken elsewhere and sent to Washington, it would appear that the Heath
Hen should be added to the list of birds of the District of Columbia. The
A. O. U. Check List, Third Ed. 1910, 143, gives the range as "Formerly
southern New England and parts of the Middle States." The records of
the Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus a. americanus) as given by Kirkwood,
The Birds of Maryland (Trans. Md. Acad. Sciences, 1895, page 296, and
Ridgway, Forest and Stream, Vol. 24, pp. 204 and 248) were from birds
obtained in the west and liberated in Kent County by Colonel Edward
Wilkins, early in the winter of 1885 or 1886. The range of the Heath Hen
should therefore be extended as far south as the District of Columbia.

— B. H. Swales.

iProo. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31 (69-74) 1918.

General Notes. 199

PAGOPHILA EBURNEA VERSUS PAGOPHILA ALBA.

The name of the ivory gull has recently been changed from Pagophila alba
(Gunnerus) to Pagophila eburnea (Phipps) because the original description
of Pagophila alba (Larus albus Gunnerus, in Leem's Beskr. Finm. Lapp.,
1767, p. 285; northern Norway) was not considered identifiable (c/. Hartert
et al., List British Birds, 1912, p. 203; Committee, British Ornith. Union,
List British Birds, 1915, p. 394). The specific name alba was originally
applied to the ivory gull by Stejneger (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, June 13,
1882, p. 39), and has since been generally accepted by American ornitholo-
gists. An examination of the original description seems to leave little doubt
that the name is properly applicable to the species in question, since this
is the only gull with normally pure white plumage living in the far northern
regions. The bird should, therefore, continue to be known as Pagophila
alba.

For the benefit of those who may not have access to the rare book in which
Larus albus Gunnerus appeared, we hereby transcribe the original descrip-
tion:

"Prseter Laros jam enumeratos apud nos adhuc datur 1) Larus albus,
Norlandis Vald-Maase dictus, qui toto interdum corpore albus esse & Laro
cano vel & fusco magnitudine convenire perhibetur. V. Dn. Matthias Brunn,
Vefsensium nunc pastor, se hunc in prasfectura Vosteraalen Norlandiae
nonnunquam vidisse mini persvasit. Plur. V. Dn. Buschmann, praepositus
Helgelandise & paroecise Naesne pastor meritissimus, me itidem certiorem
fecit, eundem Larum in Helgelandia nostra vulgo satis notum esse, ut ab
omnibus reliquis Laris ante memoratis distinctum, licet ipse eum nondum
nisi eminus viderit. Ni valde fallor, Larus hie habendus est idem ac Senator
Martensii, qui toto corpore albus, rostro & pedibus nigris describitur esse.
Sed, quid de nigredine rostri judicem, nescio, quum hie color in rostris
reliquorum Larorum, e. g. marinorum, hyberboreorum, canorum & tridac-
tylorum jam adultorum prorsus evanescat. Characterem Martensii, quern
addit, nimirum: tridactylus, taceo; ilium tamen ob oculos habeant, qui
occasionem Larum nostrum album examinandi nacti fuerint."

— Harry C. Oberholser.

SOME NECESSARY CHANGES IN CRUSTACEAN NOMENCLAT-
URE.

In 1915 Mr. L. A. Borradaile (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. [8], vol. 15, p.
207) distributed the species of Periclimenes among four subgenera which
he called Ensiger, Corniger, Cristiger and Falciger. The type of the genus
Periclimenes, P. insignis Costa, 1844= Alpheus scriptus Risso, 1826, falls in
the subgenus Cristiger, which should therefore be known as the subgenus
Periclimenes. The name Corniger has previously been used once in fishes
and twice in Crustacea; it may be replaced by the name Laomenes, nom.no v.
The name Falciger has been previously used in the coleoptera; it may be
replaced by Cuapetes, nom. nov. — Austin H. Clark.

200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

THE STATUS OF THE GENUS ASARCIA SHARPE.

The genus Asarcia was instituted by Dr. R. B. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., XXIV, 1896, pp. 68, 86) for the reception of Parra variabilis Linnaeus
(—Fulica spinosa Linnaeus). By most recent authors, however, it has been
treated as a subgenus. It differs from Jacana Brisson (type, Parra jacana
Linnaeus) in the character of its frontal shield and rictal lappets, characters
which are of importance in the generic differentiation of the Jacanidae.
In Jacana the frontal shield is relatively narrow and its posterior margin is
two-lobed; and the rictal lappets are well developed. In Asarcia, however,
the frontal shield is broad and is posteriorly three-lobed ; and the rictal lap-
pets are either rudimentary or absent. These differences are conspicuous
structural characters, without the slightest intergradation either through
intermediate species or intermediate individuals in either of the type species ;
and, therefore, indicate that Asarcia should stand as a full genus.
The forms of this genus are :

Asarcia spinosa spinosa (Linnaeus).

Asarcia spinosa gymnostoma (Wagler).

Asarcia spinosa violacea (Cory).

— Harry C. Oberholser.

THE NAMES OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF SCOLOPACIDAE.

That the Scolopacidae are properly separable into three subfamilies has
been well shown by Mr. P. R. Lowe (Ibis, Ser. 10, III, No. 3, July, 1915,
pp. 609-616). The names that he uses for these subfamilies, however,
apparently require some alteration.

The name Eroliinae, used by Mr. Lowe for the group which includes
Canutus canutus, Arquatella maritima, and their allies, and which formerly
bore the name Tringinae, needs changing by whichever of the two principal
rules for the determination of family names we employ. This is evident,
since Canutus (anonymous, 1804) is the type genus of the subfamily be-
cause under the name Tringa it formed the basis of the subfamily Tringinae
Gray (List Genera Birds, 1840, p. 69). It is also the oldest generic term
in the group, since Erolia Vieillot, the basis of Eroliinae, dates from 1816.
In fact, Ereuneles Illiger (1811) is also older than Erolia. The name of this
subfamily, therefore, must become Canutinae.

The name of the subfamily called by Mr. Lowe Tringinae, but which was
formerly known as Totaninae, also should be changed. The type genus
of this subfamily, if Numenius is excluded, is Totanus Bechstein, since this
then would be the basis of the first subfamily name, Totaninae, applicable to
the group (Gray, List Genera Birds, 1840, p. 68). If, however, the genus
Numenius be added, the designation of the subfamily would become Nu-
meniinae, since this has anteriority over Totaninae (Gray, List Genera
Birds, 1840, p. 68). If, however, the less satisfactory method of determin-
ing the subfamily name, that of using the oldest generic name for its basis
be employed in this case, the name of this subfamily would, of course, re-
main Tringinae.

According to our views as above expressed, the three subfamilies of
Scolopacidae should be called Scolopacinae, Canutinae, and Numeniinae.

— Harry C. Oberholser.

General Notes. 201

NOTES ON THE NAMES OF HALOBAENA CAERULEA AND

PRION VITTATUS.

The blue petrel has in recent years commonly been known as Halobaena
caerulea. It was first discovered, as pointed out by Mr. G. M. Mathews
(Birds Australia, II, pt. 2, July 31, 1912, p. 206), by George Forster, by
whom it is described as follows: "the blue petrel, so called from its having
a bluish grey colour and a band of blackish feathers across the whole wing"
(A Voyage Round the World, I, 1777, p. 91). In a footnote on a subsequent
page of the same work (A Voyage Round the World, I, 1777, p. 98) Forster
names this same blue petrel [Procellaria] vittata. Mr. Mathews considers
this indeterminable, but there is, of course, no doubt at all regarding Mr.
Forster's intention, and his blue petrel, named on page 98, is, of course, the
same bird that he describes with sufficient accuracy, as above shown, on
page 91. There is, consequently, no reason for considering this name a
nomen nudum ; and since this blue petrel is the same bird that Gmelin sub-
sequently called Procellaria caerulea (Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 560), as is
clearly indicated by his citation of "Forst. it. I, p. 91," we see no other
course than to use the name Procellaria vittata in the combination Halobaena
vittata for the blue petrel, commonly known as Halobaena caerulea. Its type
locality, it may be of interest to mention, is, as determined from an exam-
ination of Forster's work above cited, at sea, between the Cape of Good
Hope and latitude 47°10' south, and between longitude 15° and 20° east.

Since Procellaria vittata Forster is found thus to be applicable to Halobaena
caerulea (Gmelin), the Procellaria vittata of Gmelin is therefore preoccupied
as the name of Prion vittatus, for which it has commonly been in use, and
the latter must take the next available designation, Procellaria forsteri
Latham (Index Ornith., II, 1790, pp. 827), which is merely a new name for
Procellaria vittata Gmelin, with the same synonymy and type locality (New
Zealand). If all the subspecies recently described by Mr. Mathews prove
valid, the forms of this species will stand as follows :

Prion forsteri forsteri (Latham) .

Prion forsteri gouldi Mathews.

Prion forsteri missus Mathews.

Prion forsteri macgillivrayi Mathews.

Prion forsteri salvini Mathews.

Prion forsteri keyteli Mathews.

— Harry C. Oberholser.

Vol. 32, pp. 203-206 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

FOUR NEW KANGAROO RATS FROM WEST-CENTRAL

CALIFORNIA.

BY JOSEPH GRINNELL.

Contribution from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University

of California.

Further study of the kangaroo rats of California has led the
writer to conclude that there are no good grounds for retaining
any longer the supposed genus Perodipus. The presence or
absence of the first pedal digit or at least its claw, both of which
are only rudiments at best, proves to be an inconstant feature
within three of the species. No other characters have been
found which seem of generic value ; and on the other hand there
are many which occur in all the species with remarkable uni-
formity. The kangaroo rats in toto comprise one ideal genus.
The following new forms are therefore all described under the
older name Dipodomys, irrespective of whether the specimens
at hand show five toes on each hind foot or only four.

Dipodomys jolonensis, new species.

JOLON KANGAROO RAT.

Type. — Male adult, skin and skull; No. 29087, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; valley
floor one mile southwest of Jolon, Monterey County, California; October
18, 1918; collected by J. Dixon; orig. No. 6970.

Comparative diagnosis. — A broad-faced, normally five-toed, middle-sized
kangaroo rat perhaps nearest like its next neighbor on the north, Dipodomys
goldmani (Merriam). Differs from goldmani in somewhat larger size, in
decidedly larger auditory and mastoid bullae, in narrower interparietal and
supra-occipital, in more heavily tufted and crested tail, in dorsal body-
color being paler, and in light markings on head and tail being whiter and
more extended. Similar to Dipodomys swarthi (Grinnell) in size and cranial
features, but general body-color much darker (due to the greater extent of

41— Paoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (203)

204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

the dusky tippings to the hairs), dark portions of ear blacker, and arietiform
marking across face and involving continuously the areas at bases of main
tufts of vibrissae and top of nose, much blacker and hence more boldly con-
trasted.

Measurements (in millimeters). — Of type: Total length, 310; tail verte-
brae, 185; bind foot, 44; ear from crown, 15; greatest length of skull, 43.0;
breadth of skull across bullae, 27.0; spread of maxillary arches, 22.9; width
of maxillary arch at middle, 5.7; greatest length of nasals, 16.3; greatest
width of rostrum near end, 4.6. Weight, in grams, 82.9.

Distribution. — Material at hand representative of this new form indicates
a range comprising the upper (southern) end of the Salinas Valley and tribu-
tary smaller valleys, from vicinity of Peachtree and San Lucas, in Monterey
County, south at least to San Miguel, in San Luis Obispo County; west to
Jolon. Altitudinal range, 400 to l,500feet. Lifezone, chiefly Lower Sonoran.

Dipodomys berkeleyensis, new species.

BERKELEY KANGAROO RAT.

Type. — Male adult, skin and skull, No. 28,729, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; top of
hill at head of Dwight Way, Berkeley, California; October 6, 1918; collected
by J. Grinnell and D. D. McLean; orig. No. 4815, J. G.

Comparative diagnosis. — A broad-faced, five-toed, middle-sized kangaroo
rat most nearly similar to Dipodomys goldmani (Merriam). Differs from
goldmani in much more heavily tufted and crested tail, in slightly smaller
ear, and in broader and shorter rostrum. From its near neighbor to the
east, Dipodomys tularensis (Merriam), berkeleyensis differs externally in
darker tone of dorsal body-color, in more solidly black and broader dorsal
and ventral tail stripes, in light markings on ears and face being smaller in
extent and major dark marking blacker, and in skull having much less in-
flated bullae, broader interparietal, and broader rostrum.

Measurements (in millimeters,). — Of type: Total length, 301; tail verte-
brae, 180; hind foot, 41; ear from crown, 12; greatest length of skull, 39.5;
breadth of skull across bullae, 24.1 ; spread of maxillary arches, 23.0; greatest
length of nasals, 14.5; greatest width of rostrum near end, 4.5; width of
maxillary arch at middle, 5.0. Weight, in grams, 77.0.

Distribution. — Known so far only from the open hill tops immediately to
the east of the city of Berkeley, California. Altitudinal range, 300 to 1,700
feet. Life zone, Upper Sonoran.

Dipodomys sanctiluciae, new species.

SANTA LUCIA MOUNTAIN KANGAROO RAT.

Type. — Male adult, skin and skull; No. 29,023, Mus. Vert. Zool.; ridge
clothed with digger pine and chaparral, one mile southwest of Jolon, Mon-
terey County, California; October 21, 1918; collected by J. Grinnell; orig.
No. 4950.

Comparative diagnosis. — A narrow-faced, five-toed, large-sized kangaroo
rat belonging in the agilis series and nearest Dipodomys venustus (Merriam).

Grinnell — New Kangaroo Rats from Central California. 205

Differs from venustus externally but slightly, in less deeply cinnamon tone
of body coloration. Coloration close to that in Dipodomys agilis Gambel;
size, however, particularly of ear much greater than in agilis. Differs from
venustus as regards skull in larger size and especially in larger mastoid bullae.

Measurements (in millimeters). — Of type: Total length, 315; tail verte-
brae, 190; hind foot, 46; ear from crown, 16; greatest length of skull, 42.5;
breadth of skull across bullae, 25.8; spread of maxillary arches, 23.0; greatest
length of nasals, 15.5 ; greatest width of rostrum near end, 4.3 ; width of max-
illary arch at middle, 5.3. Weight, in grams, 82.0.

Distribution. — Inhabits the chaparral association in the Santa Lucia
Mountain region of southern Monterey County and northern San Luis
Obispo County (south at least to Santa Margarita). Specimens at hand
show an altitudinal range of 900 to 5900 feet. Life zone, Upper Sonoran,
locally Transition.

Dipodomys californicus eximius, new subspecies.

LESSER CALIFORNIA KANGAROO RAT.

Type. — Male adult, skin and skull; No. 18,347. Mus. Vert. Zool.; Marys-
ville Buttes at 300 feet altitude, 3 miles northwest of Sutter, Sutter County,
California; April 5, 1912; collected by F. H. Holden; orig. No. 167.

Comparative diagnosis. — A broad-faced, normally four-toed, middle-sized
kangaroo rat similar in general appearance to topotypes of Dipodomys cali-
fornicus californicus Merriam. Differs in typical form from californicus in
much smaller ear and smaller and shorter skull; rostrum relatively short
and mastoid bullae far less inflated ; teeth appreciably smaller.

Measurements (in millimeters). — Of type: Total length, 303; tail verte-
brae, 182; hind foot, 42; ear from crown, 13; greatest length of skull, 36.7;
breadth of skull across bullae, 22.0; spread of maxillary arches, 21.9; great-
est length of nasals, 13.9; greatest width of rostrum near end, 4.3; width of
maxillary arch at middle, 5.3.

Distribution. — Inhabits the Marysville Buttes, and the Sierran foothills
along the eastern side of the Sacramento Valley from the vicinity of Tehama
southeast at least to Limekiln, Eldorado County.

Vol. 32, pp. 207-210 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

SOME NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE (DIPTERA).

BY J. R. MALLOCH.

In this paper I have described four new species of Anthomy-
iidae, the types of the first two being deposited in the collection
of Boston Natural History Society and those of the other two
in the collection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey. A
comparison with the most closely related species is given at the
end of the descriptions or their most characteristic features are
noted, but as these and all of the species recently described by
me have been incorporated in synopses which I hope soon to
publish their relationships will be fully dealt with later.

Phaonia rufibasis, sp. n.

Male. — Black, slightly shining, densely gray pruinescent. Head black,
parafacials in front, and cheek in center brown; second antennal joint and
base of third, and all of palpi reddish testaceous. Legs reddish testaceous,
fore coxae basally, and tarsi slightly infuscated. Thorax quadrivittate;
scutellum largely reddish testaceous. Abdomen with a blackish inter-
rupted dorso-central vitta and lateral checkerings. Wings clear, cross-
veins infuscated. Calyptrae and halteres yellow.

Eyes with long rather sparse hairs; irons at narrowest part less than the
width across posterior ocelli; parafacial narrower than third antennal joint;
cheek four times as high as width of parafacial; longest hairs on arista
longer than width of third antennal joint. Presutural acrostichals absent;
prealar over half as long as the bristle behind it; postsutural dorso-centrals
4 ; hypopleura hairy on upper margin in front of spiracle ; sternopleurals 1 :2 ;
scutellum bare below and on sides. Abdomen broadly ovate; basal sternite
with a few hairs; fifth sternite with a deep wedge-shaped posterior incision.
Fore tibia unarmed at middle ; mid femur with 4 or 5 long bristles on basal
half of postero-ventral surface; mid tibia with 3 posterior bristles; hind fe-
mur with a series of long bristles from near base to apex on antero-ventral
surface and one bristle on middle of postero-ventral; hind tibia with 3 or 4
antero-ventral and 2 antero-dorsal bristles, the calcar not very long, anterior
surface with a series of setulose hairs. Costal thorn short.

42— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (207)

208 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Female. — Similar to the male in color. The eyes are almost bare, the
frons is one-third of the head width, widened anteriorly, and the postero-
ventral surface of hind femur has no median bristles.

Length, 8.5-10 mm.

Type, male, Chester, Mass., August 3, 1911. Allotype, Gt. Barrington,
Mass., June 15, 1915 (C. W. Johnson).

This species is most closely allied to errans Meigen, but differs in having
pale palpi and the antennae partly pale.

Phaonia flavibasis, sp. n.

Male. — Black, slightly shining, thorax and abdomen partly yellowish
testaceous. Head black, orbits, face, and cheeks densely silvery prui-
nescent; orbits on inner margins, anterior half of parafacials, facial ridges,
cheeks, first, second, and base of third antennal joints, and palpi yellowish
testaceous. Mesonotum distinctly quadrivittate ; humeri and scutellum
yellowish testaceous. Basal half of abdomen yellowish testaceous. Legs
yellowish testaceous, tarsi subfuscous. Wings, calyptrae, and hal teres
yellowish.

Eyes sparsely pubescent, separated at narrowest part of frons by a little
less than width across posterior ocelli, the interfrontalia obliterated at
middle of frons; third antennal joint twice as long as second; arista with
sparse hairs, the longest of which is about as long as width of third antennal
joint; parafacial in profile narrower than third antennal joint; cheek about
one seventh as high as eye. Presutural acrostichals absent, one pair in front
of scutellum; postsutural dorso-centrals 4; prealar bristle less than half as
long as the one behind it; hypopleura bare; sternopleurals 1:2. Basal
abdominal sternite bare; fifth sternite with a rather small rounded pos-
terior excavation. Fore tibia unarmed at middle, the antero-dorsal apical
bristle very weak ; mid tibia with three or four posterior bristles ; hind femur
with about eight rather short bristles on apical half of antero-ventral sur-
face and a few short hairlike bristles on basal half of postero- ventral surface;
hind tibia with from three to five antero-ventral and two antero-dorsal
bristles; calcar not very long. Venation normal; outer cross- vein curved.

Length, 6.25 mm.

Type, Chester, Mass., May 28, 1912 (C. W. Johnson). One male.

Structurally this species very closely resembles bysia Walker (apicata
Johannsen), but that species differs in color and in bristling of the thorax.

Phaonia aberrans, sp. n.

Male. — Black, densely grayish pruinescent. Orbits and parafacials sil-
very, face and cheeks whitish pruinescent; second antennal joint, base of
third, and palpi except apices reddish. Thorax inconspicuously quadri-
vittate. Abdomen in type greasy, but apparently marked as in rufibasis.
Legs reddish testaceous, coxae, and femora except apices blackened, tarsi
slightly darker than tibiae. Wings slightly brownish, cross-veins narrowly
infuscated. Calyptrae whitish. Halteres with the knobs brown.

Malloch — Some New Eastern Anthomyiidae (Diptera). 209

Eyes with a few very inconspicuous hairs on lower half ; f rons at narrowest
part over twice as wide as width across posterior ocelli; each orbit a little
over half as wide as interfrontalia, with some moderately long bristles and
shorter hairs, which extend almost to anterior ocellus; third antennal joint
narrow, about twice as long as second, extending about four-fifths of the
way to mouth-margin; arista with its longest hairs not as long as width of
third antennal joint; parafacial nearly twice as wide as third antennal joint
and half as wide as height of cheeks, the latter with a series of strong bristles
along lower margin and above these 2 or 3 strong upwardly curved bristles;
vibrissal angle slightly produced, with a number of short bristles at base of
vibrissa. Thorax as in errans Meigen except that the hypopleura is bare.
Abdomen ovate; hypopygium not protruded, but rather large; fifth sternite
with short stout processes, separated basally by a quadrate incision, their
inner margins concave on apical half, the apices slightly chitinised, surface
of sternite with numerous, but not conspicuous bristles; basal sternite bare.
Fore tibia with or without a median bristle; mid femur with a complete
series of postero-ventral bristles; mid tibia with about 4 posterior bristles
in an irregular double series; hind femur with bristles on entire length of
antero-ventral surface, those on basal half short, the postero-ventral sur-
face with long bristles on basal half; hind tibia with 2 or 3 antero-dorsal and
3 antero-ventral, bristles, the postero-dorsal surface with two bristles above
the usual calcar, the latter strongest; claws and pul villi all long. Third
vein bare at base; last section of fourth vein about 1.5 as long as preceding
section; outer cross- vein curved.

Length, 9 mm.

Type, Beltsville, Md., April 1, 1917 (W. L. McAtee). One male.

This species resembles errans and rufibasis in habitus but differs in many
respects from both of these. The only species known to me from North
America which has additional bristles above the calcar is deleta Stein, but
the other armature of the hind tibia and also that of the hind femur of that
species differs very much from that of aberrans.

Hylemyia winnemana, sp. n.

Male. — Black, slightly shining, with distinct, but not dense pruinescence.
Head with white, almost silvery pruinescence on orbits, face, and cheeks.
Thorax indistinctly trivittate. Abdomen densely whitish pruinescent, with
a dorso-central vitta and the anterior margin of each tergite black. Wings
clear. Calyptrae white. Halteres yellow.

Eyes separated by a little more than width of anterior ocellus; parafacial
nearly as wide as third antennal joint, narrowed below; cheek about as
high as width of third antennal joint, with a series of slender marginal
bristles, a few of those near anterior angle upwardly curved; arista pubes-
cent. Thorax with 3 or more pairs of slender presutural acrostichals; pre-
alar over one third as long as the bristle behind it; sternopleurals 1 :2. Ab-
domen slender, segments subequal in length; hypopygium large, but not
very conspicuous; fifth sternite with long processes which are about twice
as long as broad, bare except for a few short surface hairs, and a long strong

210 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

backwardly directed bristle near tip of each. Fore tibia with a weak median
posterior bristle, the preapical bristle longer than usual; mid femur with
some short an tero- ventral and a number of longer postero- ventral bristles;
mid tibia with the posterior bristles weak; hind femur with a series of long
very closely placed bristles from base to apex on antero-ventral surface,
the hairs on anterior surface strong and erect, the postero-ventral surface
with short, hair-like bristles from base to apex; hind tibia stouter than usual,
furnished on all surfaces with erect short hairs, one fine postero-dorsal
bristle about one-third from apex, and an unusually long apical dorsal
bristle. Costal thorn very small; veins 3 and 4 slightly convergent.

Length, 4 mm.

Type, Plummers Island, Md., April 17, 1912 (W. L. McAtee). One male.

Distinguishable from any species of the genus known to me by the very
characteristic bristling and hairing of the hind femora and tibiae.

Vol. 32, pp. 211-212 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW SOLPUGID FROM PANAMA.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN.

The new solpugid described below is based upon two females
collected by Mr. H. F. Dietz in the nest of a termite on Taboga
Id., Republic of Panama, and transmitted to me for identifica-
tion by Mr. Thomas E. Snyder. In general structure and ap-
pearance the form resembles Ammotrecha cubae (Lucas); but,
aside from differences in coloration, such as the darker color of
chelicerae, cephalothorax and third legs, it differs in the armature
of the pedipalps, the metatarsus bearing along each inferior edge
a series of five spines instead of four, with numerous cylindrical
setae intervening instead of these being absent. It also differs in
the more pronounced ridge on the upper finger of the chelicerae
above. It differs similarly from the South American A. geni-
culata (C. L. Koch). It approaches the Central American A.
stolli (Pocock) ; but the tibia of the pedipalps bears cylindrical
setae beneath (female) instead of their being absent, the eyes
are more widely separated, the ocular tubercle lacks the median
pale stripe, the abdomen is not colored below the longitudinal
furrow on each side, etc.

Ammotrecha tabogana, sp. nov.

Chelicerae above and laterally dusky over yellow with a dark line along
each side above and a middorsal dark line, ventrally yellow; fingers rufous
proximally, dark or blackish distally. Cephalothorax dusky over a yellow
ground, with the color deeper, more solid, over the anterior and lateral
borders, and a dark line running from the dark border at each antero-lateral
corner mesocaudad to a median longitudinal pale line. Eye tubercle black,
not divided by a longitudinal palejline. Abdomen pale yellow to dark gray-
ish yellow excepting a stripe on each side above the longitudinal furrow com-
posed of a series of dark, chocolate-brown spots, the color of the latter not
at all extending below the furrow. Femur of pedipalps yellow, more or
less darkened distally; tibia, metatarsus and tarsus abruptly darker, dusky

43— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (211)

212 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

to nearly black. First and second legs yellow. Third legs with femur
dusky or brown, yellow beneath at proximal end; tibia dusky or brown,
yellowish at distal end; metatarsus also brown, yellow at distal end. The
fourth legs with femur darker brown, yellow proximally beneath ; tibia more
blackish, yellow at both ends but the distal yellow annulus the larger; meta-
tarsus also dark with a yellow annulus at each end. The anterior end of
cephalothorax semicircular as usual. Eyes between one-half and three-
fourths their diameter apart. Eye-tubercle in front with a number of spines
of which two are longer and stouter than the others. Metatarsus of pedi-
palps along each edge beneath with a series of five stout and moderately
long spines between which and over ventral surface generally are numerous
cylindrical setae in part of equal and in part of greater length than the
spines, with fewer very long, fine-tipped forms. Tibia with cylindrical
setae beneath on distal half. Upper finger of chelicerae bearing beneath
three large teeth on the anterior base of the most caudal of which is a much
smaller tooth or denticle, the three major teeth being followed by three or
four small teeth; this finger along dorsal edge with a ridge which is highest
opposite the third, or caudal, large tooth. Lower finger having typically
two large teeth with a denticle between them.
Length, exclusive of chelicerae, 16 mm.

Vol. 32, pp. 213-216 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

TWO NEW CROTALINE SNAKES FROM WESTERN

MEXICO.

BY E. R. DUNN.

Among the many reptiles brought back from Mexico by
Nelson and Goldman were three small snakes, two rattlers and
a Lachesis. The two rattlesnakes are obviously alike and appear
to be unnamed. So likewise the Lachesis seems to be hitherto
unknown.

In naming these new snakes after Dr. Stejneger and Dr. Bar-
bour. I gladly take advantage of an opportunity to show my
appreciation of the advice and encouragement which they have
so often given me.

Lachesis barbouri, sp. nov.

Diagnosis. — A small Lachesis with single subcaudals, 17 rows of scales,
and an enlarged f ronta 1 shield.

Range. — Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.

Type. — United States National Museum, No. 46,347. Omilteme, Guer-
rero, Mexico.

Description of type specimen. — Scales in 17 rows, the first smooth, the rest
keeled. Ventrals 154, anal entire, subcaudals 32 (23 single, followed by
three paired shields followed again by six single ones) . Tail apparently not
prehensile. Supraoculars large, separated across the head by three shields
of which the median is a large frontal and the lateral ones form part of a row
separating frontal from supraocular. Supralabials eight left, nine right —
none entering pit. Infralabials nine, three touching the one pair of geneials.
Two preoculars, four suboculars, two of which touch the third and fourth
labials and the last two of which are separated by one scale from the labials
— three postoculars. There are from one to three keels on the temporal
scales. Nasal divided — one scale between preocular and nasal, a large
scale in front of supraocular on top of snout. Canthus rostralis while dis-
tinct does not form an acute ridge as in L. godmani.

Uniform dull olive above. On the posterior fifth of the body there are
indistinct light spots on the ends of the ventrals and on some of the scales

44— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (213)

214 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

of the first three rows. These take the form of light bars four or five dorsal
scale lengths apart. The scale which has the light spot also has a dark tip.
On the tail these narrow cross bars extend to the mid-dorsal line. There
are four such light bars on the tail, the posterior third of which is uniform
and darker than the color elsewhere. The belly is very finely punctulated
with light and dark. Head above same as body, an indistinct light band
from eye to angle of jaw including the last four upper labials and extending
more or less continuously though faintly above the edges of the ventrals
through the anterior half of the body. Throat dark, last six lower labials
with a vertical white bar.

Dimensions. — Length, 370 mm. ; tail, 46 mm.

Remarks. — This snake merits comparison with L. godmani and L. aurifer
rather than with any Lachesis hitherto recorded from Mexico (i. e., lanceo-
latus, nummifer, lansbergii, brachystoma and undulatus) . It has a lower scale
count than any American species.

With aurifer (the next lowest, with 19 scale rows) it is allied by the en-
larged frontal and the ventral count. But it differs in the smaller number
of subcaudals, in the two less scale rows, in the greater number of oculars,
and in some being in contact with the labials, in the divided nasal, in the
labials being occluded from the pit, and in coloration.

With godmani there is close agreement in coloration save in the peculiar
throat of the new form, the subcaudal count is the same. Godmani some-
times has the enlarged frontal separated by one row of scales from the
supraocular, the labials do not enter the pit, and the nasal is divided. But
here the resemblance ends for godmani has 21 scale rows, a much lower ven-
tral count, a more acute canthus rostralis and the suboculars are cut off
from the labials.

It would seem that barbouri is a link between godmani and aurifer showing
characters of both and being more primitive than either in head scalation
and having (dwarfing due to altitude?) a lower number of dorsal scale rows
than either.

It is interesting to note that godmani and aurifer are usually put in differ-
ent sections of the genus because of the possession of a prehensile tail by
aurifer, and these sections have been elevated at times to generic rank.
Bothriechis Peters 1859, type B. nigroviridis Peters, for the arboreal, pre-
hensile tailed forms; and Bothriopsis Peters 1861, type B. quadriscutatus
Peters (=castelnaudi D &B fide Boulenger etCope), for the terrestrial, non-
prehensile tailed forms.

I do not believe that these divisions can be maintained on this character.
Bothriechis is therefore the generic name for the American Lachesis with
undivided subcaudals in case they are thought not congeneric with L. mutus
and L. atrox.

Crotalus stejnegeri, sp. nov.

Diagnosis. — A small Crotalus with a long slender tail, a very small rattle
and with the first pair of lower labials long and produced backwards broadly
in contact behind the symphysial.

Dunn — Two New Crotaline Snakes from Western Mexico. 215

Range. — West coast of Mexico in Sinaloa and western Durango.

Type. — United States National Museum, No. 46,486. Plumosas, Sinaloa,
Mexico; July 19, 1897. Nelson and Goldman collectors.

Description of type specimen. — Scales in 27 rows, the first smooth, the rest
keeled. Ventrals 176, anal entire, caudals 44 undivided. Rattle very
small, seven rings and button measuring 12 mm. long and four mm. wide.

Upper surface of snout with one large pair of internasals and a row of four
prefrontals, the two outside ones in contact with internasal and surpraocular
— canthus rostralis distinct. Supraocular shields narrower than space be-
tween them, smooth — 7-9 scales between supraoculars, and 10-13 scales in
contact with them. Two scales between eye and nasal. Eye separated
from labials by three series of scales. Rostral in contact with nasal. Supra-
labials 14 L, 15 R; lower labials 16, the first pair produced backwards
in contact with each other behind the symphysial and with the third lower
labial, thus cutting the second lower labial from the chin shields. Color
grayish-brown; a series of 40 darker brown, black-edged dorsal rhombs (the
first of which is split on the neck) three scales long and on seven scale rows.
Alternating with these on the ninth scale row a dark spot covering about
one scale. In the same transverse plane as the dorsal rhombs dark spots
covering about one scale in each of the third, fourth and fifth rows. Alter-
nating with these a dark spot on a scale of the first row and the tip of the
preceding gastrostege. Belly grayish marbled with black. Tail dull brown
with indistinct dark cross-bands. Head flecked above with black, a darker
brown blackedged band from beneath eye to angle of jaw. Lower half of
upper labials white. Throat white, a dark spot below angle of jaw and tip
of lower jaw grayish.

Variation. — A smaller specimen with a rattle consisting of button alone —
United States National Museum, No. 46,460, with the same data, shows
few minor variations. On one side four series of scales separate eye from
labials. The second lower labial is narrowly in contact with the chin shield,
thus separating the first labial from the third. The scale counts for this
specimen are V 174, C 41, Sc 27, L 14/13-14. Same pattern as type.
Forty-four dorsal rhombs, two elongated black spots on occiput, a dark spot
which is partly on the posterior end of the supraocular and a similar spot
partly on the anterior end of the same scale.

Dimensions. — Type No. 46,486. Total length, 590 mm.; tail except
rattle 77 mm. No. 46,460, total length, 284 mm., tail except rattle, 33 mm.

Remarks. — This snake scarcely needs comparison with any described
form. The subcaudals are more in number than in any of the described
species. The shape of the tail and the minuteness of the rattle are charac-
ters which scarcely stand out on paper but which are very striking in the
specimens. The peculiar shape of the first lower labial is unique, also.
In pattern stejnegeri is remotely similar to the snakes of the triseriatus-
pricei group, but even here the relationship is not close.

Boulenger (Cat. Snakes British Museum III, p. 580) records a specimen
of C. tigris from Ventanas, Durango, Mexico, on the western slope of the
Sierra Madre about 15 miles from the Sinaloa border and undoubtedly in

216 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

the same faunal zone as Plumosas. This snake was Boulenger's only speci-
men of tigris. It was small (380 mm.) and has the following scale count:
V 181, C 46, Sc 25. I strongly suspect that it is the present species. The
caudal count is far too high for tigris. Unfortunately it is impossible to
determine how much of the description in the Catalogue of Snakes is drawn
from this specimen and how much from literature. Still a comparison with
the description above shows many points of resemblance and a few of dis-
cord other than the two less scale rows and the slight ventral and caudal vari-
ations. Also the following statements are not in accord with the state of
affairs in tigris. " Snout with distinct canthus, " " a large scale on each side
between the internasal and the supraocular," "three series of scales between
the eyes and the labials," "dark-edged spots."

Vol. 32, pp. 217-224 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

THE RELATIONSHIPS AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI-
BUTION OF THE SPECIES AND RACES BELONGING
TO THE GENUS RHYNCHOCYCLUS.

BY CHARLES B. CORY.

The following brief synopsis of the species and subspecies of
the genus Rhynchocyclus is the result of an examination of ma-
terial in the Field Museum of Natural History, supplemented
by specimens borrowed from other museums in this country,
and represents the writer's present views on the valid forms of
this group.

Genus Rhynchocyclus Cabanis & Heine.

Rhynchocyclus Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, p. 56 (Type Mus-
cipeta flaviventris Wiedj.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens sulphurescens (Spix).

Platyrhynchus sulphurescens Spix, Aves. Bras., ii, 1825, p. 10, pi. 12, fig.

I male.1
Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens pallescens Hartert & Goodson, Novit. Zool.,

XXIV, 1917, p. 414 (Santa Cruz, Bolivia).2

Range: Southern Brazil (Minas Geraes; Rio de Janeiro; Parana; S. Paulo;

southern and southwestern Matto Grosso; Santa Catharina); Paraguay

(Sapucay; Puerto San Juan); Bolivia (Mapiri; Yacniba; Rio Tapacani;

Monte de Basilio, Dep. Santa Cruz) ; Argentina (Prov. Jujuy and Misiones) .

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens assimilis (Pelzeln).

Rhynchocyclus assimilis Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1869, pp. 110, 181 (Borba,
Rio Madeira type locality).3

iBut not fig. 2 female, which is supposed to represent Craspedoprion olivaceus olivaceus
Temm. (c/. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Miinchen, XXII, 1906, p. 643).

21 can not distinguish specimens from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (pallescens Hartert & Good-
son) from those from Sao Paulo and Santa Catharina, Brazil, although one Bolivian example
is somewhat paler.

3According to Hellmayr (cf. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 1917,
p. 435).

45— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (217)

218 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Rhynchocyclus scotius Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902,
p. 63 (Brazil).

Range: Brazil (Borba to Rio Madeira; Manaos, Rio Negro; Upper Rio
Roosevelt and Amazonian region; Itacoatiara; Rio Tocantins; Rio Tapajoz,
etc., to Para);1 southern Venezuela (Caura River and near Mt. Duida);
British Guiana (Mazaruni River); S. E. Colombia (Florencia and Buena
Vista);2 Ecuador (Sarayacu and Balzar Mts.); eastern Peru (Zeberas and
Chami euros) .

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens berlepschi Hartert & Goodson.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens berlepschi Hartert & Goodson, Novit. ZooL,

XXIV, 1917, p. 415 (Caparo, Trinidad I., W. I.).
Range: Trinidad; coast of northeastern Venezuela?3
Very close to R. s. assimilis, but all Trinidad specimens I have seen ap-
pear to have the crown more olivaceous, less grayish, than in assimilis.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens cherriei Hartert & Goodson.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens cherriei Hartert & Goodson, Novit. Zool.,
XXIV, 1917, p. 414 (Cayenne).

Range: French Guiana; Dutch Guiana.

I am doubtful as to the validity of this form. I have not seen specimens
from Cayenne, but Hartert & Goodson record it also from British Guiana
and Caura River, Venezuela. I am unable to distinguish birds from British
Guiana and Caura River, Venezuela, from examples from Itacoatiara, mid-
dle Amazon River, and Utinga, near Para, and am, therefore, forced either
to not recognize the form as separable from R. s. assimilis or restrict its
range provisionally to French Guiana and Dutch Guiana.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens exortivus Bangs.

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens exortivus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,

XXI, 1908, p. 163 (La Concepcion, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,

N. Colombia).

Range: Northern and northeastern Colombia (Santa Marta region and

lower Magdalena River); northern Venezuela (Colon, Tachira; Orope and

Encontrados, Zulia; Caracas).

R. s. exortivus Bangs differs from R. s. assimilis in having the back de-
cidedly brighter (more greenish); crown more olivaceous and throat and
breast decidedly more yellowish. (Type examined.)

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens flavo-olivaceus (Lawrence).

Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VIII,

1863, p. 8 (Lion Hill, Panama).
Range: Panama.

iRecorded by Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, VIII, 1914, o. 394. I have examined a
specimen from Utinga, near Para, in the American Museum of Natural History.

2Not typical (c/. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 1917, p. 435).

3Cumana and Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, were included by Hartert & Goodson in the
range of this form. I have not seen specimens from Cumana, but examples from the region
of Puerto Cabello are certainly nearer exortivus.

Cory — The Genus Rhynchocylus. 219

Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps cinereiceps (Sclater).

Cyclorhynchus cinereiceps Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 443 (Oaxaca, S. Mexico).

Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz; Oaxaca; Yucatan;
Quintana Roo and Chiapas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
and Panama.

Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps asemus (Bangs).1

Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens asemus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash , XXII,
1910, p. 73 (Pavas, W. Colombia).

Range: Western Colombia (Pavas; Dabeiba; Puerto Valdivia; Rio Frio;
Miraflores; Cali and Jimimez).

Rhynchocyclus peruvianus peruvianus Taczanowski.2

Rhynchocyclus peruvianus Taczanowski, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 537

(Ropaybamba, C. Peru).
Range: Central and northern Peru (except in extreme northwestern
part).

Rhynchocyclus peruvianus aequatorialis Berlepsch & Taczanowski.3

Rhynchocyclus peruvianus subsp. aequatorialis Berlepsch & Taczanowski,

P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 556 (Chimbo and Guayaquil, W. Ecuador).
Range : Western Ecuador and extreme northwestern Peru, near boundary
line (Lechugal).

Rhynchocyclus marginatus marginatus Lawrence.

Rhynchocyclus marginatus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868

(1869), p. 429 (Lion Hill, Panama).
Range: Eastern Costa Rica (Carrillo; El Hogar); Panama; western Co-
lombia (Puerto Valdivia; Barbacoas; Buena Vista; Narino).

1R. c. asemus is similar to R. c. cinereiceps of Central America, but differs in having the
chest more tinged with yellowish and in its larger size (average measurements of wing —
asemus about 67 mm., cinereiceps 64}^ mm.). It differs from R. s. exortivus of the Santa
Marta region, etc., in its darker and grayer cap; back darker olive green; throat and chest
grayer. The wing averages somewhat longer. (Type examined.) This form, to my mind,
is clearly a representative of cinereiceps and not closely allied to sulphurescens. The type
specimen is by far the largest of any specimens examined (wing 70 mm.), but two examples
from Jiminez have the wing 67 mm. and 68 mm. Dr. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXXVI, 1917, p. 434, calls attention to the smaller size of specimens examined from
Dabeiba, Cali, Rio Frio and Miraflores, in which the wing measurements averaged 66.5 mm.

2R. p. peruvianus Taczanowski approaches R. c. cinereiceps, but size decidedly larger;
back bright olive green; a blackish auricular spot. Type — wing 60; bill 18 mm. I have
not seen this form.

3 .ft. p. cequatorialis is similar to R. p. peruvianus from central Peru, but decidedly smaller
and differs in having the back and edges of remiges brighter olive green; yellow area of lower
belly more extensive. Type — wing 65; tail 60; bill 18. Hartert & Goodson, Novit. Zool.,
XXIV, 1917, p. 415, say they examined a specimen from western Ecuador and it differed from
R. c. cinereiceps only in its slightly darker gray head and less extended gray throat, and that
a Peruvian skin (no definite locality given) labelled R. s. peruvianus did not appear to differ
from the Ecuadorian specimen. I have not seen a specimen of this form, but judging from
the original description I suspect wquatorialis will be found to be a representative of cinerei-
ceps and close to asemus. ,

220 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Rhynchocyclus marginal us flavotectus (Hartert).1

Rhynchocyclus megacephala flavotecta Hartert, Novit. Zool., IX, 1902, p.

608 (.San Javier type locality, and Paramba, N. W. Ecuador).
Range: Western Ecuador (San Javier; Paramba; Esmeraldas; Guayaquil,
etc.).

Rhynchocyclus megacephalus (Swainson).

Tyrannula megacephala Swainson, Bds. Brazil & Mexico, 1841, p. 47, no
locality given (Prov. Sao Paulo, S. Brazil).2

Range: Southern Brazil (Sao Paulo; Parana); southeastern Paraguay
(Puerto Bertoni); extreme northeastern Argentina (Rio Siguendo; Alto
Parana, Misiones).

Characters. — "Upper parts very dusky dull olive green, the feathers of
sides of crown with dark centers, as a result of which two distinct blackish-
brown stripes are formed, extending from the forehead to back of crown.
Lores and narrow superciliary stripe olive-yellowish; sides of head olive-
greenish, lined with yellowish. Lesser wing coverts olive green; the middle
and greater coverts dark brown with broad reddish yellow ends, which form
two distinct cross bands. Remiges dark brown; the primaries with reddish
yellow outer borders (the color somewhat paler than the tips of the wing
coverts). Rectrices dark brown, with olive-yellow-green outer borders.
Throat and fore-neck dull olive-yellowish green; rest of under parts olive
yellow. Bill dark horn brown; lower mandible with exception of tip whit-
ish. Wing 65; tail 60; bill 15 mm."

"Another specimen from Matto Dendro, Sao Paulo, is somewhat lighter
olive green above; the under parts brighter olive yellow; the fore-breast
scarcely washed with olive-greenish, and size decidedly smaller. Wing 59;
tail 53; bill 15. It is probably a female." (Free translation from Hellmayr,
Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, liii, 1903, p. 206.)

The specimens described above, collected by Natterer, are preserved in
the Vienna Museum. They are believed by both Hellmayr and Berlepsch
to be the form that Swainson's plate is intended to portray.

Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus poliocephalus Taczanowski.3

Rhynchocyclus -poliocephalus Taczanowski, Orn. Perou, ii, 1884, p. 285
(Nauta, N. E. Peru).

1R. m. flavotectus (Hartert) is similar to R. m. marginatus, but differs in its plain gray
crown; more yellow throat and breast (throat grayish on chin only) ; edgings of wing coverts
narrower. I have not seen this form, but have followed Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXXVI, 1917, p. 436, in text) in considering it a race of marginatus. It is given as
a form of megacephalus by Hartert & Goodson and of sulphurescens by Berlepsch (Proc. IV
Int. Orn. Congr. London, 1905 (1907), p. 482).

2Type locality Prov. Sao Paulo proposed by Hellmayr (Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
liii, 1903, p. 206).

sCharacters. — Cap slaty, mixed with olive green; back brighter green; under parts
nearly uniform olive-yellow, somewhat paler and slightly tinged with greenish on the throat
and fore-neck. Wing 52-55 mm.; tail 42-45 mm.

This group, R. p. poliocephalus, R. p. sclateri and R. p. klagesi, may be readily distinguished
from representatives of sulphurescens by their smaller size (wing always less than 60). I
have not seen specimens of typical poliocephalus poliocephalus.

Cory — The Genus Rhynchocylus. 221

Range: Northeastern Peru (Ucayali; Exberos; Pebas, Nauta; Upper
Ucayali; Yurimaguas); southeastern Peru (Cosnipata) ; eastern Ecuador
(Napo); northwestern Brazil (Teffe, upper Amazon).

Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus sclateri Hellmayr.

Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus sclateri Hellmayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.

Wien, liii, 1906, p. 207 (Barra de Rio Negro, N. Brazil Manaos).
Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus (nom. nud.) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1869, p. 110

(Barra de Rio Negro; Maribitanas and Bahia).
Rhynchocyclus megacephalus (nee Tyrannula megacephala Swainson)
Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, p. 170 (Para, Brazil; De-
merara, Merume Mts. and Carimang, British Guiana).
Range: Northern Brazil (Rio Negro and Rio Madeira and eastward in
Amazon region; Rio Tapajoz; Rio Tocantins; Rio Jamunda, etc., to Para);
eastern Brazil (Bahia);1 eastern Venezuela (Lower Orinoco and Caura
River);2 British Guiana; French Guiana; Dutch Guiana.

This form is similar to R. p. poliocephalus from Peru, but differs in its
larger size and somewhat smaller bill; by its whitish gray, instead of olive
yellowish throat; grayish fore-neck (only slightly washed with olive yellow-
ish), and paler yellowish under parts. Wing (type ex. by Hellmayr) 573^;
tail 53 mm . The average wing measurements of 4 males amd 5 females from
Oyapoc and Nana River, Cayenne, in the Carnegie Museum, males — wing
55; females — wing 54 mm.

Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus klagesi (Ridgway).

Rhynchocyclus klagesi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, p.
115 (Maripa, Venezuela).

Range: Upper Orinoco River, Venezuela (Maripa and foot of Mt. Duida) ;
S. E. Colombia (La Morelia and Florencia).3

This form is obviously closely related to R. p. sclateri, but differs in its
brighter yellowish belly and in its yellowish-olive tinged breast and throat.
Size about that of R. p. sclateri. The single specimen from the foot of Mt.
Duida, S. Venezuela, has the crown much darker (dusky slate color) than
any specimen I have seen of either sclateri or klagesi, but otherwise agrees
with klagesi.

Rhynchocyclus grisescens Chubb.

Rhynchocyclus grisescens Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 588 (Sapucay, Paraguay).
Range: Southeastern Paraguay (Sapucay).

1 Hellmayr (Novit. Zool., XVII, 1910, p. 298, footnote) has examined the specimen in
the British Museum recorded by Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XIV, 1888, p. 170, as speci-
mens "a" "Brazil" under megacephalus, and learned that it came from Bahia and that it
proves to be this form.

2According to Hellmayr (Novit. Zool., XVII, 1910, p. 298, footnote) specimens recorded
by Berlepsch & Hartert from La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela, as this form, prove to be
a form of sulphurescrns. If so, they are probably aasimilis, which also occurs in that region.

3Specimens in American Museum of Natural History.

222 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

"Allied to R. sulphur escens, but differs in being olive grey above instead
of green; the head somewhat darker and inclining to lead-colour; tail-
feathers pale brown, edged with whitish; quills also pale brown, margined
with olive-grey. The two bars on the wings, formed by the margins of
the median and greater coverts, are white instead of yellow; the throat and
chest olive-grey, not yellow; the middle of the abdomen whitish, in place
of yellow; the under tail-coverts buff towards the ends; the under wing-
coverts white instead of yellow. Bill black above, greyish white below;
tarsi and feet bluish slate coloured; iris brown. Total length 5.2 inches;
culmen 0.6; wing 2.55; tarsus 0.8." (Chubb I. c. orig. descr.) In the same
paper Chubb records R. sulphurescens sulphurescens from the same lo-
cality.

Rhynchocyclus flaviventris flaviventris (Wied).

Muscipeta flaviventris Wied. Beitr. Naturg. Bras. (3), ii, 1831, p. 929
(Rivers Mucuri and Alcobaca, southern Bahia, Brazil).

Rhynchocyclus flaviventris aurulentus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVI,
1913, p. 171 (Momotoco, Santa Marta, Colombia).

Range: Northern and eastern Colombia (Santa Marta; Lower Magdalena
region; Cucuta; "Bogota" region); Venezuela (Puerto Cabello; Tocuyo;
Cumana; Rio Aurare; Caicara and along the middle Orinoco River, etc.);
Trinidad; Tobago; British Guiana; northern and eastern Brazil (Amazonian
region from about the Rio Branco, eastward to Rio Tocantins; Rio Ja-
munda; Para; Jua and Quixada, Ceara, and southward to Rio Araguaya,
Goyaz and Rio Mucuri, Bahia).

In this group R. f. viridiceps and R. f. borboe appear to be well marked
races, but I am unable to separate the Santa Marta bird (aurulentus Todd)
from the typical form. There is apparently considerable individual vari-
tion (either seasonal or due to difference in age) in the coloration of the
under parts and borders of wing coverts, and to a somewhat lesser degree
the same may be said of the coloration of the upper parts. The brightest
examples are from Ceara, although I can not distinguish them from some
specimens from Santa Marta, and from both of these localities a few se-
lected specimens are unquestionably brighter than any examples I have
seen from Bahia. Most of the Bahia specimens are old skins and the single
fresh skin is as brightly colored as most of the Santa Marta specimens.
From the material before me the differences are slight and apparently not
constant. Two specimens from the Rio Branco show a slight tendency
towards R. f. borbce, but are much nearer R. f. flaviventris.

I have examined 61 specimens of this form from the following localities:
Colombia (Santa Marta region, Momotoco, Bonda, etc., 18; Lower Magda-
lena River and Cucuta 5); Venezuela (Rio Aurare 2; Cumana 1; Suapure,
Maripa and La Union 9) ; Trinidad 6; Tobago 3; Brazil (Bahia 7; Rio Branco
region 5; Quixada and Jua, Ceara 5).

Rhynchocyclus flaviventris viridiceps (Sclater & Salvin).

Rhynchocyclus viridiceps Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 280
(Pebas, N. E. Peru).

Cory — The Genus Rhynchocylus. 223

Range: Northeastern Peru (Pebas);? central Peru1 (La Merced; Chan-
chamayo); eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo); southern Colombia (Florencia).2

This well marked race differs from R. f. flaviventris in having the upper
parts decidedly darker (more olive green and less yellowish green); lores
yellowish olive (without rusty tinge) ; lesser and median wing coverts green-
ish like the back; throat and breast yellowish green, like the sides, becom-
ing clearer yellow on middle of belly. Wing 56; tail 48 mm.3

This form is close to R. f. borboe and resembles it in coloration of lores and
wing coverts, but it differs in its slightly more greenish upper parts and
decidedly more greenish throat and chest (not clear olive yellow as in
borboe).

Rhynchocyclus flaviventris borbae Hellmayr.

Rhynchocyclus flaviventer borboe Hellmayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
liii, 1903, p. 208 (Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Lower Rio Madeira; Borba; Marmellos4
and Monte Verde, Rio Purus).5

This form is similar to R. f. viridiceps from northeastern Peru, but differs
in its clear olive yellowish throat and chest (not light yellowish green as in
viridiceps) .

lAccording to Hellmayr (Novit. Zool., XVII, 1910, p. 296) two specimens from La
Merced, central Peru (preserved in the Branicki Museum) are larger, and may prove to be
a different form. Wing 60 H ; tail 49}^ and wing 63 V£ ; tail 53 mm.

2Chapman Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 1917, p. 436.

3 Measurements from specimen from Florencia in the American Museum of Natural
History. The measurements of the type, as given by Sclater & Salvin (I. c.) are wing 2.2
in.; tail 1.7 in. I have not seen a specimen from Ecuador or Peru.

4Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., XVII, 1910, p. 295.

sSnethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, VIII, 1914, p. 369.

Vol 32, pp. 225-234 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA (FAM. CLERIDAE)

FROM THE PHILIPPINE AND NEIGHBORING

REGIONS, COLLECTED BY PROF.

CHARLES F. BAKER.

BY EDWARD A. CHAPIN.

The new species of Cleridae herein described form part of
a collection made by Professor Charles Fuller Baker, of the
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Bafios,
P. L, on different islands of the Philippine archipelago and
Borneo. The collection is exceptionally rich in species of the
genera Callimerus and Tenerus. All of the forms characterized
in this paper are referable to the tribe Tillini. The types are
all in the author's collection.

1. Tillus mindanensis, n. sp.

Form and size of T. notatus Klug. Black, elytra with a central longi-
tudinal brownish plagia and a transverse ivory spot on either side. Head
black, punctuation very fine, almost invisible, antennae eleven segmented,
strongly serrated, the three basal segments piceous. Mouthparts, except for
the mandibles winch are black, piceous. Thorax barrelshaped, strongly con-
stricted behind, shining, punctures fine and sparse. Scutellum densely
pubescent with white hairs. Elytra with coarse punctures in rows on the
basal half, finely and irregularly punctured toward the apex. Near the
scutellum, between the first and second rows of punctures there is a deep
longitudinal pit, as long as two spaces between punctures. The elytra are
black except for the central brown portion bounded as follows : at the base
by the fourth row of punctures, thence toward the apex to about basal
fourth where it is suddenly narrowed to the second row. At about the
middle it suddenly widens in a triangular lateral expansion, reaching the
lateral transverse ivory spot. This spot commences at the fifth row of
punctures and reaches the lateral margin. The brown plagia disappears

46— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (225)

226 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

soon after the white spot and is resumed in the form of a subapical spot,
common to the two elytra. The surface bears a few upright black spine-
like hairs and toward the apex is rather densely covered with pale silky
pubescence. Under parts black, shining, sparsely and finely punctured.
The side pieces of the metasternum are densely clothed with white silvery
pubescence, as also are the lateral portions of the abdominal segments.
Legs black, except for the apical halves of the tibiae and the whole of the
tarsi, which are rufopiceous. Length: 5.5 mm.

Type: A female from Davao, Mindanao, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No.
4268).

2. Tillus nitidicollis, n. sp.

Similar in form and general appearance to T. mindanensis, but larger.
Head slightly coarser and more densely punctured, epistoma with fine trans-
verse wrinkles. Antennal segments broadly triangular, the outer angles
rounded. Thorax more densely and coarsely punctured and with a very
distinct subapical transverse impression. The elytra are colored quite
similarly to those of the preceding species but the brown is of less extent
anteriorly and much greater posteriorly. The ivory spot in this species
turns sharply at its sutural end, and, filling the fifth interval completely,
runs forward to the basal third. The basal portion of each elytron is gib-
bous and in place of the longitudinal pit, there is a dull, raised portion of
somewhat greater extent. The stiff spine-like hairs are confined to the
basal part and the entire surface is covered with very short fine hairs, whose
color is the same as that of the portion of the elytron from whence they
arise. The under parts are more roughly sculptured, especially the meta-
thorax. The legs are similar in coloration to those of T. mindanensis.
Length: 8 mm.

Type: A male from Sandakan, North Borneo, C. F. Baker (Baker No.
11,496).

Melanoclerus, n. gen.

Form robust, eyes moderately coarsely granulated and quite prominent.
Antennae eleven segmented, very short, hardly longer than the distance
between the eyes, segments nine to eleven forming a compact club, the last
segment the longest. Last segment of the maxillary palpi cylindrical, some-
what acuminate, that of the labial palpi large, subtriangular, the outer side
broadly rounded. Thorax barrelshaped, somewhat constricted behind.
Elytra covering the abdomen, sutures closed, punctured in rows, the punc-
tures disappearing before basal half. Abdomen with six visible ventral
segments. Tarsi with five segments, all visible from above, the first four
short, second, third and fourth with lamellae beneath. Claws bifurcate,
the inner portion nearly as long as the outer.

Genotype: Melanoclerus parvus, n. sp.

This genus should be placed near Gastrocentrum Gorham 1876, judging
from the structure of the under parts and of the claws.

Chapin — New Species of Coleoptera. 227

3. Melanoclerus parvus, n. sp.

Form parallel, robust; head small; with eyes, not wider than the pro-
thorax; black. Head finely and sparsely punctured, frons slightly im-
pressed either side of the median line, sparsely pubescent. Antennae very
short, the segments densely and finely punctured, ninth strongly trans-
verse, tenth equal in width to ninth but somewhat longer, eleventh cultri-
form, as wide as the tenth and as long as the ninth and tenth together.
Mouth-parts very dark piceous. Thorax longer than wide, finely mar-
gined at base, very densely and finely punctured, pubescence short and
dense, with some longer hairs intermingled. Scutellum small, rounded be-
hind. Elytra with rows of coarse punctures at base, punctures becoming
obsolete just before middle. Apical half of the elytra densely and finely
punctured. Pubescence short, depressed and gray, with longer erect black
hairs. Under parts densely punctured and sparsely pubescent. Legs
short, posterior femora not reaching posterior border of second abdominal
segment, dark piceous, slightly paler at joints. Length: 4.5 mm.

Type: A female from Sandakan, North Borneo, C. F. Baker.

4. Callimerus princeps, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, black; legs, antennae and mouth parts pale, more or
less covered with glossy white scales. Head finely and very minutely punc-
tured, entirely covered with scales except for the vertex and a narrow line
running down onto the frons. Thorax longer than wide, dilated at the
middle, broadly and shallowly impressed at the apex, narrowly and more
deeply at the base. A triangular median spot, and the lateral portions are
free from scales. Elytra parallel, black, deeply and coarsely punctured
except along the suture at the median third of the length. Surface of the
elytra between the punctures dull, alutaceous. There are seven denuded
areas, one subbasal on each elytron, one median lateral on each elytron and
one median central, common to the two elytra, and one subapical on each.
The apices of the elytra are internally obliquely truncate, the outer angle
only, mucronate. Under parts black, laterally densely covered with white
scales. Legs pale testaceous, the femora showing traces of green pigment.
Posterior tibiae with subapical notch. The entire surface of the beetle has,
in addition to the scales, a vestiture of long, erect hairs, rather sparsely
placed. Length: 7 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal segment dilated and bifurcate.
Each ramus extends outward and downward, becoming gradually widened
to the tip, which is sharply truncate. The tips of the rami are turned under
toward the median line. Between the rami there is a small triangular pro-
jection.

Female . — Unknown .

Type, — A male from Basilan, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No. 11 ,534).

5. Callimerus intricatus, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, slender. Bluish; antennae, mouth parts and legs tes-
taceous; vestiture of white scales unevenly distributed over the body.

228 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Head minutely and very sparsely punctured, vertex sparsely, rest of head
densely covered with white scales. Thorax hardly dilated at sides, each
side with a round deep pit as in the species of the genus Hydnocera Newm.
Apical transverse impression hardly distinct, basal well defined. Surface
shining with a few deep conspicuous punctures on the denuded areas. A
central rectangular discal spot and a smaller lateral roundish spot on each
side are devoid of scales. Elytra parallel, narrow, shining, coarsely and
sparsely punctured, punctures irregularly placed. The pattern of white
scales is in lines and consists of a basal transverse band with a posterior pro-
longation over each humerus, and a sutural stripe which widens as it pro-
ceeds apically and which bifurcates at about basal fourth, each ramus reach-
ing the lateral margin. Commencing just cephalad of each ramus and
crossing it are two short longitudinal stripes, each placed midway between
the suture and the lateral margin and extending caudad to about the middle
of the total length of the elytron, then striking backward and inward suddenly
to the suture. At the apical third there is a transverse band and from this
the suture is scaly to the apex. The sutural stripe widens rapidly so that
the entire apices are covered with scales. Apices internally obliquely trun-
cate, the outer angle very slightly mucronate. The under parts are blackish
blue laterally covered with scales. Legs testaceous, hind tibiae with sub-
apical notch. Length: 6.5 mm.

Male.— Unknown.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Sandakan, North Borneo; C. F. Baker.

6. Callimerus bornensis, n. sp.

Similar in size and form to the preceding. Black, legs and antennae
pale testaceous, mouth parts piceous, body more or less covered with white
scales. Head apparently impunctate, sparsely and evenly covered with
scales, these scales a little more densely placed toward the eyes. Thorax
hardly dilated, distinctly flattened above, very coarsely and moderately
closely punctured, without lateral pits. Apical transverse impression very
slight, basal sharply defined, distinct. A transverse, rather broad undulat-
ing band is free of scales. Elytra strongly and coarsely punctured, the
intervals between the punctures dull, alutaceous. The white scales are dis-
tributed as follows: a transverse narrow basal band, an undulating band
in the form of a W, in which the three upper points of the design are at the
humeri and the scutellum and the two lower are at about basal third, mid-
way between the suture and the lateral margin. Next on each elytron is
a semicircle with the convexity toward the suture, these occupying about
the third quarter of the length. The apices are scaly, and are internally
obliquely truncate, the outer angle mucronate. Under parts as in the pre-
ceding species. Legs testaceous, posterior knees slightly darker. Pos-
terior tibiae with subapical notch.

Length: 7.5 mm.

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Sandakan, North Borneo, C. F. Baker.

Chapin — New Species of Coleoptera. 229

7. Callimerus hexagonus, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel; blue, antennae, mouth parts and legs pale testaceous.
Head conspicuously punctured, frons with transverse wrinkles, sparsely
covered with white scales. Thorax conspicuously dilated at the sides with
a prominent though shallow pit on either side at the widest part, anterior
constriction shallow, posterior deeper and more definitely indicated. Sides
at base and apex covered with white scales, the entire surface with rather
coarse, sparse punctures. Scutellum densely scaly. Elytra long, parallel,
with very coarse punctures not arranged in rows, finely alutaceous between
the punctures. There is a hexagon of white scales common to the two ely-
tra, extending from just behind the scutellum to about the middle of the
length. At each angle of the design, except the posterior one, the scales
are extended in hnes toward the nearest margin, the line from the sutural
anterior angle reaching the scutellum. Behind the hexagon, from the
suture obliquely in a posterior direction, nearly to the side margin, is a
white mark on each elytron and there is a subapical spot or line on each.
The tips of the elytra are internally obliquely truncate, both angles of the
truncature mucronate. Under parts very finely punctured, the lateral por-
tions of the thorax and abdomen covered with white scales. Legs tes-
taceous, the inner margins of the femora and the outer margins of the tibiae
infuscate. The tarsi are also darker. Posterior tibiae with subapical
notch.

Length: 11 mm.

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal abdominal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Penang, Straits Settlements, C. F. Baker.

8. Callimerus oculatus, n. sp.

Elongate, testaceous, tips of the elytra and flanks near the humeri darker,
scales white, sparse, evenly distributed on the elytra except near tips. Head
sparsely and finely punctured, white scales along the margins of the eyes,
which are black and conspicuous. Thorax almost impuncate, testaceous
with a trace of green pigment in places, constricted before and behind, lat-
eral depression faint, with a few white scales low down on the sides. Elytra
long, slightly narrowed posteriorly, punctures moderate in size and tending
to form rows, lateral margins toward the humeri and apices dark, uniformly
covered with whitish scales except for the anterior half of the apical dark
spot. Lateral portions of the under parts densely clothed with white scales,
median under parts finely and sparsely punctured. Legs pale testaceous,
with a greenish tinge, especially noticeable on the femora. Posterior tibiae
with subapical notch.

Length: 7 mm.

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal segments of abdomen simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Sandakan, North Borneo, C. F. Baker.

230 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

9. Callimerus luzonicus, n. sp.

Elongate, head and thorax dark testaceous, the latter usually distinctly
greenish, elytra varying from piceous to rufotestaceous. Head shining,
almost impunctate, with a few white scales near the eyes. Thorax not
strongly dilated but with distinct anterior and posterior constrictions.
Lateral depressions distinct, circular. Entire surface devoid of scales,
though distinctly pubescent. Elytra long, parallel, piceous with the ex-
treme base rufous to rufotestaceous with the lateral margins and tips pice-
ous, evenly covered with white scales. Punctures moderate in size, dis-
tinctly in rows, the rows spaced more or less evenly from the suture to the
side margin. Tips internally obliquely truncate, the outer angle with
mucro, the inner broadly rounded. Under parts as usual with the lateral
parts densely scaly. Legs pale with greenish tinge. Posterior tibiae with
subapical notch.

Length: 7-8.5 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal very broad and deeply cut out so
that the lateral horns are quite slender. These horns are bent under and
are widened into hooked chisel-like blades. The center portion of the seg-
ment is slightly produced and broadly rounded.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A male from Mt. Makiling, Luzon, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No.
11,546). Paratypes: males and females, Mt. Makiling, C. F. Baker (Baker
Nos. 1655, 1656, 11,546).

10. Callimerus fuscitarsus, n. sp.

Elongate, slightly tapering behind. Dark testaceous, side margins of
the thorax and flanks of the elytra with the tips dark. Head finely, almost
invisibly punctured; smooth and shining, with a few whitish scales near
the eyes. Thorax slightly dilated at sides, anterior and posterior constric-
tions distinct, lateral depressions round and shallow. Low down on the
sides there are a few scales. Surface shining, almost impunctate. Elytra
with punctures in rows, surface more or less densely covered with scales,
with longer hairs intermingled. Tips of the elytra truncate, the truncature
hardly oblique, the outer angles with mucro. Under parts shining, very
sparsely punctured, lateral portions of thorax and abdomen densely covered
with scales. Legs pale, femora with greenish tinge, posterior tarsi and tips
of tibiae dark fuscous. Posterior tibiae with subapical notch.

Length: 6-7.5 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal segment broad and bilobed, the lobes
semicircular.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A male from Singapore, Federated Malay States, C. F. Baker
(Baker No. 11,540). Paratypes: A male from Penang and two females
from Singapore (Baker No. 11,535).

11. Callimerus lateralis, n. sp.

Similar in form and appearance to C luwnicus. Head smooth, shining,
sparsely and moderately finely punctured. Thorax somewhat dilated, an-

Chapin — New Species of Coleoptera. 231

tenor and posterior depressions distinct. Punctuation moderately coarse
and sparse, the entire thorax free from scales. In the type the thorax is
deeply suffused with green, traces of which appear in some of the other
specimens. The elytra are long and are narrowed toward the tips. The
pund m cs arc in rows, and < he fourth, fifth and sixth rows are close together,
taking up space equal to the interval between the first and second. The
surface is quite densely and evenly covered with yellowish white scales ex-
cept for the interval between the fourth and sixth rows of punctures. The
tips of the elytra are truncate, slightly obliquely, neither angle with macro.
The under parts are shining and finely punctured, densely clothed with
scales along the sides. Legs pale, femora quite greenish. Posterior tibiae
with subapical notch.

Length: 6-8 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal segment is broad and trifurcate, the
three prolongations are acutely triangular and nearly of even length.

Female.— Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type— A male from Basilan, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No. 11,530).
Paratypes: A female from Basilan (same data as type); two males from
Zamboanga, Mindanao (Baker No. 7279); a male from Dapitan, Mindanao
(Baker No. 11,547;; a female from Iligan, Mindanao (Baker No. 6077);
and a female from Davao, Mindanao.

12. Callimerus basilanicus, n. sp.

Similar in size and form to C. lateralis. Head shining, finely and sparsely
punctured, the epistoma, frons and region about the eyes thickly covered
with white scales. Thorax greenish, dilated at the sides, anterior construc-
tion shallow, posterior deep, well defined. Lateral depressions round, shal-
low but prominent. Surface with a few fine punctures and in the vicinity
of the lateral depressions with fine wrinkles. Along the sides of the disk
there are a few white scales. Elytra black, punctures definitely in rows as
in C. lateralis, well covered with scales except for the following: on each
elytron near the base a rectangular patch which is continued as a fine line
along the second row of punctures; the suture; the intervals between the
fourth, fifth and sixth rows almost to the apex-where there is a second patch;
the interval between the seventh and eighth rows is also clear of scales and
this stripe joins the preceding at the humerus and at the apical rectangular
patch. The apices are hardly truncate, but there is a mucro at the middle
of each apical margin. Under parts as in the preceding species. Legs
pale, femora greenish. Posterior tibiae with subapical notch.

Length: 6.5 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal segment very broad, very broadly
and shallowly emarginate, the lateral portions revolute. There is a slight
trace of a third ramus in the form of a minute triangular projection at the
middle of the emargination.

Female. — Unknown.

Type— A male from Basilan, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No. 11,529).

232 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

13. Callimerus albescens, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, black, almost evenly but sparsely covered with scales.
Legs paler. Head black, without visible punctures, evenly and sparsely
clothed with scales, these slightly more dense near the eyes. Mouth parts
and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax with sides slightly dilated, with
a depression just before the middle of the base, apical transverse constriction
obsolete, sides with lateral depressions. Surface evenly and sparsely scaly.
Ely tra parallel, closed, narrowed toward tips, coarsely punctured and strongly
alutaceous, almost reticulate; sparsely clothed with scales except for the
humeri and a median and subapical spot on each. Tips internally obliquely
truncate, neither angle mucronate. Under parts of thorax black, finely
punctured, the lateral portions densely scaly. Abdomen pale brown, with
dense covering of scales along sides. Legs brownish testaceous, posterior
tibiae with hardly a trace of subapical notch.

Length: 8 mm.

Male . — Unknown .

Female. — Terminal abdominal segments simple, unmodified

Type. — A female from Zamboanga, Mindanao, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker
No. 6696).

14. Callimerus fenestrates, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, blue, decorated with lines of white scales, antennae
and legs pale. Head sparsely and distinctly punctured, except for a smooth
space on the vertex. The frons and epistoma are densely clothed with
white scales. The thorax is hardly dilated at the sides, the anterior con-
striction is very feeble, the posterior more sharply defined, submarginal.
The sides of the front are densely covered with scales as is the entire base.
The nude part behind the anterior constriction is very coarsely and sparsely
punctured and is shiny between the punctures. In front of the anterior
constriction the surface is transversely wrinkled and is minutely punctured.
The elytra are parallel almost to the tip where they are suddenly narrowed.
Punctuation very coarse, moderately dense. Surface between the punc-
tures alutaceous. Color blue with white scales as follows: four transverse
bands, one basal, a second at basal fourth, the third at apical two-fifths and
the last subapical. These bands are connected, one to another, by longi-
tudinal stripes, the first to the second by the suture, the second to the third
by two, one on each elytron about halfway between suture and margin, and
the third to the fourth by the suture. The sutural angles in all cases are
rounded. Tips remotely subtruncate, without mucro. Under parts very
dark piceous, laterally with scales. Legs pale testaceous, each tibia with
a darker stripe. Posterior tibiae without subapical notch.

Length: 6.5 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal segment simple, rounded, not perceptibly wid-
ened, very slightly emarginate at tip.

Female . — Unknown .

Type. — A male from Puerto Princesa, Palawan, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker
No. 4272).

Chapin — New Species of Coleoptera. 233

15. Callimerus arcufer n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, blue, marked with lines and patches of white scales.
Head finely and quite densely punctured, rather different from the usual
condition as found in this genus. Antennae short, reaching to the posterior
border of the eyes, dark testaceous. Mouth parts piceous. Surface of
head very sparsely clothed with scales. Thorax hardly dilated, anterior
and posterior constrictions feeble, punctuation moderately coarse and quite
sparse. There are four patches of scales, one on either side of the median
line at both the anterior and posterior constrictions. Elytra coarsely and
moderately densely punctured, the punctures not in rows. On the second
quarter of the length there is a U of white scales common to the elytra. The
upper ends of the figure are connected with the side margins by fines of
scales. Just back of the U there is a transverse bar of scales and a second
bar, somewhat wider than the first is placed subapically. The under parts
are finely and sparsely punctured, the lateral portions scaly. The anterior
and middle femora are pale except for a lateral dark line, the posterior femora
are pale on basal half. The rest of the legs is dark. Posterior tibiae with-
out subapical notch.

Length: 6 mm.

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Penang, Federated Malay States, C. F. Baker.

16. Callimerus albus, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, black, almost entirely covered with white scales.
Head so densely clothed with scales that the surface is entirely concealed.
Eyes black, very conspicuous. Antennae and mouth parts pale testaceous.
Thorax somewhat dilated at sides, entirely covered with scales. Elytra
black, coarsely and sparsely punctured, at least where the punctures show.
Entirely and very densely covered with snow white scales except for four
small, roundish spots, two median lateral and two subapical. Tips of the
elytra internally obliquely truncate, the outer angle mucronate. Under parts
as usual, legs pale testaceous, posterior tibiae without subapical notch.

Length: 5.5 mm.

Male. — Terminal dorsal abdominal segment entire, somewhat dilated,
fringed with rather long hairs. The median part is prolonged, perhaps, a
slight distance beyond the lateral portions.

Female. — Unknown.

Type.— A male from Basilan, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No. 11,520).

17. Callimerus flavus, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, piceous, clothed with yellowish scales. Head and
thorax much as in the preceding species, but the thorax is more depressed
along the median line. Elytra piceous, punctures coarse and moderately
densely placed. Surface entirely covered with scales, the scales more dense
in places so as to give the impression of two transverse bars, these situated

234 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

at basal and apical thirds. Tips of the elytra separately rounded, not mu-
cronate. Underparts almost chestnut, lateral parts densely clothed with
white scales. Legs pale testaceous, posterior tibiae without subapical
notch.

Length: 6 mm.

Male. — Terminal segment (dorsal) entire, rounded, very slightly wider
than the ventral, fringed with long hairs.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type.— A male from Mt. Banahao, Luzon, P. I., C. F. Baker (Baker No.
7278). Para type: A female from the same locality (Baker No. 8290).

18. Callimerus terminalis, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, depressed, slender. Entirely pale testaceous except
for the tips of the elytra and the eyes, which are black. Head almost im-
puncate, shining, with a few white scales near the eyes. Thorax depressed
above, very slightly dilated at sides, anterior construction obsolete, pos-
terior deep, sharply defined. There are a few large, indistinct punctures
scattered over the surface. Elytra long, parallel, coarsely and regularly
punctured, testaceous except for the tips which are black and densely
clothed with scales. There are also a few scales at the extreme base. Tips
internally obliquely truncate, the outer angle mucronate. Under parts
finely rugulose, with white scales along the sides. Legs testaceous, pos-
terior tibiae without subapical notch.

Length: 6 mm.

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — Terminal segments simple, unmodified.

Type. — A female from Sandakan, North Borneo, C. F. Baker (Baker No.
11,463).

Vol. 32, pp. 235-238 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTION OF A WHIPPOORWILL FROM PORTO

RICO.

BY ALEXANDER WETMORE.

Recently while identifying a collection of bird bones, secured
with remains of other vertebrates in Porto Rican caves by H. E.
Anthony of the American Museum of Natural History, the
writer found several humeri of a whippoorwill that represented
an undescribed species. A number of years ago C. B. Cory1
recorded a whippoorwill received from Porto Rico as Antros-
tomus vociferus. No others are known to have been taken since,
and this specimen has remained as the only actual evidence of
the occurrence of the American whippoorwill in the West Indies.
On finding the bones mentioned above it seemed probable that
this specimen might be a representative of the undescribed
species. Through the courtesy of Mr. Cory the skin in question
(in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History) was
forwarded to Washington for study, and on examination was
found to be the same as the bird discovered previously in the
cave material. It may be known as

Setochalcis noctitherus, species novus.

Characters. — Similar to female of Setochalcis vociferus vociferus (Wilson)
but wing shorter; crown, hind-neck, back and rump with paler markings
largely cinnamon-rufous (less evident on crown); upper tail-coverts and
dorsal surface of rectrices with lighter markings largely ochraceous-buff ;
throat and breast marked strongly with cinnamon-rufous; feathers of breast
more heavily tipped with black; abdomen and under tail-coverts colored
with light ochraceous-buff; breast marked with prominent spots of cart-
ridge buff; light bars on under surface of rectrices indistinct; pale tips on
three outer rectrices greatly restricted especially on the inner web.

lAuk, 1889, p. 276.
47— Peoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (235)

236 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Description. — Type, No. 42,099, Field Museum of Natural History, fe-
male, taken on Porto Rico, October 29 1888, by C. P. Streator (in fall plum-
age):

Feathers of crown (save in center) and upper hind-neck gray, vermicu-
lated and stippled with dusky and cinnamon-rufous, with shaft streaks of
black edged narrowly with cinnamon-rufous ; center of crown with feathers
broadly black with narrow marginal spots and broken bars of cinnamon-
rufous; a small spot of white on lores; sides of head and auricular region
blackish, mixed with cinnamon-rufous ; feathers of lower hind-neck barred
obscurely with narrow lines of black and cinnamon-rufous, a few feathers
having small terminal spots of pale ochraceous-buff , these forming an indi-
cation of a broken band ; feathers of back with broad irregular markings of
black along the shaft and the remainder of the web finely stippled with black
and cinnamon-rufous ; tertials with bold irregular, partly concealed spots of
black near the tips, elsewhere vermiculated with dusky and cinnamon-rufous,
becoming paler toward the base where the prevailing color is grayish white;
feathers of rump and upper tail-coverts with heavy, somewhat broken black
streaks along shaft, elsewhere vermiculated with black, pale ochraceous-
buff and cinnamon-rufous; upper surface of rectrices with narrow, indis-
tinct, broken cross-bars of dull black that do not extend out to margin, stip-
pled and lined elsewhere with blackish, pinkish cinnamon and light ochra-
ceous-buff; three outer rectrices tipped rather narrowly with light ochra-
ceous-buff, the broadest of these pale tips measuring 6 mm. long; lesser,
median, and greater wing-coverts black, stippled heavily with cinnamon-
rufous, with two rather indistinct bars of light buff, formed by pale tips on
lesser and median coverts; primaries blackish with numerous spots of ochra-
ceous-salmon along inner and outer webs, these spots changing to an ob-
scure stipple distally on the inner webs; outer webs margined narrowly for
distal one-third with light buff; secondaries blackish, washed and stippled
with grayish-white, ochraceous-salmon and light ochraceous-buff; throat
black above with narrow, obscure cross-bars of cinnamon-rufous, below
crossed by a broad, obscurely delimited band of pale ochraceous-buff, with
each feather barred more or less prominently with black ; feathers of upper
breast with shaft streaks and narrow obscure crossbars of black, stippled
heavily at the ends with cinnamon-rufous, each feather tipped with black ;
lower breast similar, but with prominent scattered spots of cartridge buff,
obscured by faint vermiculations of dusky; feathers of abdomen, sides and
flanks cartridge buff, washed with tawny, spotted and barred irregularly
with dusky and dull black; under tail-coverts dull pale ochraceous-buff,
barred with black; under surface of rectrices dusky, with mottlings of light
ochraceous-salmon arranged to indicate faintly, lighter bars; feathers on
front of tarsus dull cinnamon-rufous, barred with black; under wing-coverts
light ochraceous-salmon barred with black; bill dusky; hind surface of tarsus
light brown; toes dull brown; claws black (from dried skin).

Measurements (of type). — Wing 135 mm.; tail 112; exposed culmen 11;
tarsus 16.3; middle toe without claw 16.

Range. — Porto Rico. (Locality where type was taken not more definitely

Wetmore — A Whippoorvrill from Porto Rico. 237

known; bones of this species examined from La Cueva Catedral, near
Morovis.)

Remarks. — This species is most nearly allied to the typical subspecies of
the eastern whippoonvill but differs from it markedly in the characters
given in the diagnosis. It has less in common with the larger Setochalcis
v. macromystax of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico or
with the whippoorwill from southern Mexico and Guatemala known as
Setochalcis v. chiapensis. The latter is large in size thus resembling ma-
cromystax but differs from that subspecies in being very dark above. The
Cuban Whippoorwill (S. cubanensis), which must be mentioned by virtue
of its geographic proximity, differs from S. noctitherus so strikingly in lack
of buffy coloration on the hind neck, where there is no trace of a paler collar,
much larger size, and enormously developed rictal bristles that it may be
dismissed without further comment.

The longest rictal bristles of the Porto Rican Whippoorwill measure ap-
proximately 33 mm. so that they are similar in development to those of
Setochalcis v. vociferus. The seventh, eighth and ninth primaries (counting
from the inside of the wing) are narrowly sinuate toward the tips, and the
front of the tarsus is feathered down to the toes . The posterior surface of the
tarsus is entirely bare. The pecten on the middle claw is similar to that
in the Whippoorwill of the eastern United States.

According to Mr. Ridgway1 fifteen specimens of Setochalcis vociferus voci-
ferus gave the following measurements (in millimeters): wing 147-163
(155.3); tail 105-123.5 (116); exposed culmen 10-14 (12.5); tarsus 16-18
(16.6); middle toe 16-17.5 (16.5). (Females.)

It will be noticed that the Porto Rican Whippoorwill agrees closely with
Setochalcis vociferus vociferus in length of tail, culmen, tarsus and middle
toe. It is therefore a bird of somewhat similar size in body to the eastern
Whippoorwill but has a much shorter wing. The latter character is a de-
velopment usual in species of insular range, where there is no need for ex-
tended migrations with changing seasons. An extended alar surface is of
value to a bird performing long journeys as with it less effort is required to
maintain position in the air in overcoming the pull of gravity. Where this
need is obviated there may easily be a reduction in wing surface, as indi-
cated by length of wing. In species like the Whippoorwills that secure
their prey by making short sallies in the air in pursuit of flying insects this
reduction, while noticeable, would of necessity be less than in forms of less
active habit.

The species described herewith is probably nearly extinct, if indeed it is
not actually in that category. During ten months' field work in Porto
Rico in 1911 and 1912 the writer saw one goatsucker that may possibly have
belonged to the present species, but failed to secure it. Though he was in
residence in the country districts during the greater part of this period these
birds were not heard calling, nor were they mentioned directly by the natives
who were cognizant of most of the birds of the island. As Whippoorwills
are terrestrial in habit the decrease of the present form may be attributed
to the mongoose, scourge of ground haunting vertebrates, a species that
was introduced here about 1872.

l Birds of North and Middle America, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 50, Vol. VI, 1914, p. 517.

Vol. 32, pp. 239-240 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA.
VIII.

BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

Some further changes in the names of birds prove necessary.1
Five given below concern species in the families Pittidae, Hirun-
dinidae, Muscicapidae, Prionopidae, and Tangaridae.

Family PITTIDAE.

Pitta atricapilla Lesson.

The Pitta atricapilla of Lesson,2 now in current use for a Philippine species
of Pitta, is antedated by Turdus sordidus Muller,3 which was applied to the
same species. Its name should, therefore, now be Pitta sordida (Muller).

Family HIRUNDINIDAE.

Riparia paludicola sinensis (Jerdon).

The Hirundo sinensis of Jerdon,4 which is now employed for an Asian
swallow as Riparia paludicola si?iensis, is debarred by Hirundo sinensis
Gmelin,6 applied to some other and unidentifiable species. It should, there-
fore, be called Riparia paludicola chinensis (Gray).6

iFor the seven previous articles in this series, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, March
31, 1917, pp. 75-76; July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXI, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49; No-
vember 29, 1918, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXII, February 14, 1919, pp. 7-8; April 11, 1919,
pp. 21-22; June 27, 1919, pp. 127-128.

2Traite d'Ornith., 1831, p. 394 (Manila, Philippine Islands).

3Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 143 (Philippine Islands).

4 Madras. Journ., XI, 1840, p. 238 (Jaulnah, India).

BSyst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 1021 (China).

^Hirundo chinensis J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke, Illustr. Ind.Zool., I, 1830, pi. XXXV, fig.
3 (China).

48— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (239)

240 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Family MUSCICAPIDAE.

Stoparola melanops (Vigors).

The use of Muscicapa melanops Vigors1 for the Indian bird commonly
known as Stoparola melanops is interdicted by Muscicapa melanops Vieillot,2
which is now known as Trichothraupis melanops (Vieillot) (olim Tricho-
thraupis quadricolor [Vieillot]). The next available name for Stoparola
melanops is Muscicapa thalassina Swainson,3 and this species, since Stopo-
rala is the correct spelling of its generic name,4 will, therefore, now stand
as Sloporala thalassina (Swainson) .

Family PRIONOPIDAE.

Hemipus obscurus (Horsfield).

The Muscicapa obscura of Horsfield,8 which is now Hemipus obscurus
(Horsfield), is unavailable for use in this connection, because of the prior
Muscicapa obscura Gmelin,6 which is the Phaeornis obscura (Gmelin) of mod-
ern ornithologists. For the proper name of Hemipus obscurus (Horsfield)
we must, therefore, turn to Muscicapa hirundinacea Temminck,7 and now
call the species Hemipus hirundinaceus (Temminck).

Family TANGARIDAE.

Tachyphonus rufiventris (Spix).

The South American tanager described by Spix as Tanagra rufiventer,8
must be rechristened, since its present name is invalidated by Tanagra rufi-
ventris Vieillot,9 now known as Tanagra rufiventris Vieillot (olim Euphonia
rufiventris [Vieillot]). The difference in the spelling of the specific name
rufiventer Spix and that of rufiventris Vieillot is merely that of the difference
in gender, rufiventer being the masculine and rufiventris the feminine nomi-
native, and as such of course identical. Since Tanagra rufiventer Spix is
thus left without a tenable name, it may be called Tachyphonus metallactus,
nom. nov.

iProc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831 (March 2, 1832), p. 171 (Himalaya Mountains).

2Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXI, 1818, p. 452 (Paraguay).

3 Nat. Hist. Flycatchers, 1838, p. 252 (India).

467. Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXII, April 11, 1919, p. 47.

STrans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, May, 1821, p. 146 (Java).

6Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 945 (Hawaiian Islands).

Wouv. Rec. Planch. Col. d'Ois., Ill, livr. 20, March, 1822, pi. 119 (Java).

8Avium. Spec. Nov. Bras., II, 1825, p. 37, pi. L, fig. 1 (Para, Brazil).

SNouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. 426 (Brazil).

Vol. 32, pp. 241-242 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM CUBA.*
BY PAUL C. STANDLEY.

In a small collection of plants of the families Amaranthaceae
and Allioniaceae, obtained recently in Cuba and forwarded for
determination by the New York Botanical Garden, are two ap-
parently new species which are described below.

Achyranthes crassifolia Standi., sp. nov.

Stems branched, probably prostrate, the branches stout, when young
densely covered with straight, appressed, smooth or slightly hispidulous
hairs, glabra te in age; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, sessile or nearly
so, 7-18 mm. long, 1-2.5 mm. wide, narrowed to the base, acute at the apex,
fleshy, glabrate, the margins revolute; heads axillary, sessile, solitary or
glomerate, 4-8 mm. long, about 4 mm. in diameter, the flowers yellowish
white; bracts and bractlets half as long as the sepals or shorter, broadly
ovate, sparsely pilose; sepals broadly ovate, 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or acutish,
3-ribbed, short-mucronate, pilose, especially near the base; stamen tube
very short, the staminodia minute or wanting; utricle less than half as long
as the calyx.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected on
the seashore near Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, March, 1919, by Brother Clem-
ent (No. 152).

Related, apparently, to A. halimifolia Lam., a species with broad leaves
and more copious pubescence.

Torrubia insularis Standi., sp. nov.

Branches slender or stout, grayish or pale brown, rimose and lenticellate,
glabrous except at the nodes, there minutely puberulent; leaves opposite,
the petioles slender, 1-1.8 cm. long, 0.5-1 mm. thick, glabrous, the blades
lanceolate to lance-elliptic, 4.5-9 cm. long, 0.8-3 cm. wide, acutish to acumi-
nate at the base, usually acuminate or long-acuminate at the apex but some-
times acute or subobtuse, broadest at or below the middle, subcoriaceous,
concolorous, glabrous, the lateral nerves 7-9 on each side, slender, subarcu-
i Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
49— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (241)

242 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

ate, the veinlets inconspicuous; pistillate peduncles 2.5-4.5 cm. long, very
slender, glabrous or nearly so, the inflorescence cymose-paniculate, 1-2 cm.
broad, lax, rather few-flowered, the branches glabrous, the bracts and bract-
lets minute, the flowers sessile and glomerate; pistillate perianth tubular,
3-4 mm. long, constricted below the mouth, very minutely puberulent or
glabrous.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected at
Caleta Grande, Isle of Pines, Cuba, August 19, 1919, by Roig and Cremata
(No. 1857A). Also collected at Hato Nuevo, Punta del Este, Isle of Pines,
August 13, 1919, by the same collectors (No. 1790).

Related to T. linearibradeata (Heimerl) Standi., of Yucatan, but differ-
ing in its minute bracts. Torrubia fragrans (Dum.-Cours.) Standi., a
widely distributed West Indian species, is somewhat similar in general ap-
pearance, but its leaves are mostly broadest above the middle and they
have numerous lateral nerves.

Vol. 32, pp. 243-244 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PRUNELLA MODULARIS
FROM THE PYRENEES.

BY FRANCIS HARPER.

During a week's collecting in the Pyrenees in April, 1919, the
writer secured several examples of the Hedge Sparrow (Prunella
modularis) . These appear, upon examination, to represent an
undescribed race, which may be known as follows :

Prunella modularis mabbotti,1 subsp. nov.

Subspecific characters. — Distinguishable at a glance from both Prunella
modularis modularis, of central Europe, and P. m. occidentalis, of the British
Isles, by the much grayer, less rufescent coloration of the back and wings
( tae edgings of the feathers of these parts buffy brown and smoke gray in-
stead of cinnamon-brown, as in the two other forms mentioned).2

Type locality. — At timber-line (altitude about 1700 meters) on a moun-
tain about three kilometers south of Saillagouse, Dept. of Pyrenees-Orien-
tales, France.

Type specimen. — No. 256755, TJ. S. National Museum; adult male; col-
lected April 24, 1919, by Francis Harper.

Geographic range. — Specimens examined only from the Departments of
Pyr6nees-Orientales and Ariege, France ; probably restricted, at least during
the breeding season, to the Pyrenees and adjacent parts of southern France
and northern Spain.

Description of type. — Pileum and nape mouse gray, broadly but very in-
distinctly streaked with olive-brown; scapulars and interscapulars with
broad mesial streaks of black, and edged with buffy brown and smoke gray;
rump and upper tail-coverts olive-brown; tail fuscous; wings fuscous, the
exposed edges of the feathers buffy brown (paler on the tertials); median
and greater coverts slightly tipped with whitish; malar and auricular regions
olive-brown, finely streaked with whitish; under parts mouse gray, lighter

i Named for Douglas Clifford Mabbott, an American ornithologist, who fell in the
cause of human liberty near Thiaucourt, France, on September 15, 1918.

^Colors given herein are those of Ridgway (Color Standards and Color Nomenclature
1912).

50— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (243)

244 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

on chin, and changing to whitish on middle of belly; sides and flanks washed
with buffy brown, and streaked with fuscous.

Measurements of type. — Length (skin), 150 mm.; wing, 68.5; tail, 57.5; ex-
posed culmen, 10.5; tarsus, 20.5; middle toe without claw, 14.5.

Remarks. — From the available material in the U. S. National Museum
selection has been made, for purposes of comparison, of four specimens of
P. m. modularis from France, Switzerland, and Norway, six specimens of
P. m. occidentalis from England, and three specimens (in addition to the
type) of P. m. mabbotti from the Pyrenees. As far as can be judged from
this material, the streaks on pileum and nape are much more distinct in
occidentalis than in modularis and mabbotti. The sides and flanks in Py-
renean specimens are conspicuously less rufescent than in British and Nor-
wegian specimens, and somewhat less so than in specimens of modularis
from France and Switzerland. In British specimens the tarsus and middle
toe average slightly longer, and the bill slightly stouter, than in specimens
of the two races from the Continent.

In form of wing the Pyrenean bird appears somewhat intermediate be-
tween modularis and occidentalis.1 In the type specimen the second pri-
mary is about 2.5 mm. longer than the seventh, while in a paratype from the
same locality (No. 256648, U. S. N. M.) the second and seventh primaries
are approximately equal. The average difference in length between these
primaries in the specimens of modularis is about 4 mm., and in the specimens
of occidentalis, less than 1 mm.

Prunella modularis mabbotti appeared to be a rather common and char-
acteristic bird in late April in the belt of pine forest on the intermediate
mountain slopes near Saillagouse.

Specimens examined.— Total number, 4,2 as follows:

France: Saillagouse, Dept. of Pyrenees-Orientales, 3; l'Hospitalet, Dept.
of Ariege, 1.

iCf. Hartert, British Birds, III, 1910, 314.
2Collection U. S. Nat. Mus.

Vol. 32, pp. 245-246 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW AMPHIPOD PARASITIC ON A CRINOID.^
BY CLARENCE R. SHOEMAKER.

Several male specimens of this Amphipod were discovered by
Mr. Austin H. Clark imbedded in the discs of the Crinoid Iri-
dometra melpomene taken by the "Albatross" in the China Sea
at a depth of 100 fathoms. In general appearance they closely
resemble G. 0. Sars' species Laphystiopsis planifrons taken off
the coast of Norway; but upon closer examination several differ-
ences are to be observed.

Family LAPHYSTIOPSIDAE.
Laphystiopsis iridometrae, new species.

Preliminary description. — Eyes (in the alcoholic specimens) without pig-
ment and consisting of a few visual elements under the surface of the con-
vex sides of the head. First and second antennae not differing much in
length, first with 12 segments in the flagellum and the second with 10 Per-
aeopods proportionately shorter and stouter than in L. planifrons and no
spines on the fifth and sixth segments of the fifth peraeopods. The first
four pairs of side-plates produced conspicuously forward. The first three
abdominal segments each with a low, blunt, dorsal keel. Fourth abdominal
segment without dorsal keel. Telson less oval and more heart-shaped than
in L. planifrons and in the normal position extends back to about one-third
the length of the rami of the third uropods.

Length. — 5 mm.

Locality. — China Sea, Albatross Station No. 5310, depth 100 fathoms.

Type.— Cat. No. 49599, U. S. N. M.

'Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
51— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (245)

Vol. 32, pp. 247-248 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

TWO NEW LANDSHELLS FROM CALIFORNIA.'
BY PAUL BARTSCH.

The United States National Museum has received two sets
of landshells from Mr. Herbert N. Lowe, collected at Pt. Reyes,
California, which prove to be undescribed races of Epiphragmo-
phora tudiculata and Epiphragmophora californiensis.

In order to determine these, it was necessary to subject the
members of both of these species to a critical examination, the
results of which will be published in a paper now in preparation
in which figures of the two new subspecies described below will
be given.

Epiphragmophora tudiculata awania, new subspecies.

Shell very small, elevated helicoid dark horn colored, streaked with fine
retractively slanting lines of brown and an occasional dark varicial streak.
There is also a slender brown spiral band present at the periphery, which
is edged on either side by a lighter zone. Nuclear whorls one and a half
feebly wrinkled and obsoletely granulose. Postnuclear whorls well rounded,
appressed at the summit, marked by coarse retractively slanting wrinkles,
the last one and a half turns being decidedly malleated. The middle whorls
show a few fine spiral striations near the summit. Base inflated, strongly
rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial wrinkles and strong malle-
ations. Aperture large, subcircular, oblique; peristome slightly expanded
and reflected, white; interior of the aperture pale brown, when viewed di-
rectly, horn colored when seen by transmitted light, showing the peripheral
band and the two lighter zones bordering it.

The type, Cat. No. 336,831 U. S. N. M., and two specimens were col-
lected by Mr. Herbert N. Lowe, on the steep southern slope at the extreme
west end of Pt. Reyes, California, under plants of Mesembranthemum in
May, 1918. The three specimens yield the following measurements:

iPublished by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
52— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (247)

248 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

No.
Whorls.

Altitude.

Greater
diameter.

5.3
5.3
5.3

13.4
12.0
13.4

16.4 Type

15.9

15.8

Epiphragmophora californiensis miwoka, new subspecies.

Shell of medium size, pale horn colored, extreme apex a little lighter than
the rest, marked at the periphery by a chestnut band which is not bordered
by lighter zones. Nuclear whorls small, one and a half, finely wrinkled and
minutely papillose. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the summit of
the succeeding turns falls slightly anterior to the peripheral dark band of
the preceding turn, so that this appears in the suture. The whorls are
crossed by coarse wrinkles which are decidedly retractively slanting. Be-
tween these wrinkles are finer threads which are granulose, the long axes
of the granules corresponding in disposition with the lines of growth. In
addition to this a few obsolete incised spiral lines are present near the sum-
mit. The last turn has all these sculptural elements and in addition is
strongly malleated. Periphery and base somewhat inflated, strongly
rounded, the latter narrowly umbilicated and marked by coarse wrinkles,
but here the fine papulations on the lesser wrinkles are much enfeebled ex-
cepting immediately behind the aperture, where they are equally strong.
Aperture large, oblique, broadly oval; peristome expanded and partly re-
flected, white; interior of aperture bluish white, showing the peripheral
color band within.

The type, Cat. No. 336,832, U. S. N. M., and ten specimens of this species
were collected by Mr. H. N. Lowe at Pt. Reyes, Calif., in May, 1918. Five
of these taken at random yield the following measurements :

No.

Greater

whorls.

Altitude.

diameter.

6.2

17.1

22.1 Type

6.8

18 2

21.0

6.4

17.7

20.8

6.1

15.9

20.8

6.6

16.5

22.2

Vol. 32, pp. 249-252 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NEW SHELLS FROM THE NORTHWEST COAST.
BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.

The following forms are included by name in my forthcoming
summary of the fauna of the Northwest coast and it becomes
necessary to validate these names by descriptions.

Leda lomaensis, new species.

This form is closely related to L. minuta Fabricius, and I have hesitated
to give it specific rank, but it differs from that species by the following
characters: the shell is thinner and more compressed; the escutcheon is
narrower and longer and less emphatically impressed; the sculpture rises
in sharp thin low lamellae, especially on the posterior area, which contrast
with the thicker, blunter and more irregularly distributed ridges of L.
minuta. There are about eight large and seven crowded small anterior
teeth, a narrow oblique resilifer and about twenty, nearly all well developed
posterior teeth. Length 13.5; height 6; diameter 4 mm. The low incon-
spicuous beak is five millimeters behind the anterior end. U. S. N. Mus.
Cat. No. 208,872. U. S. Fish Commission station 4339, off Point Loma,
California, in 241 to 369 fathoms, muddy bottom.

Lucinoma annulata densilirata, new variety.

The typical L. annulata has the concentric sculpture rather regularly and
widely spaced; this variety has it closely crowded and less lamellose, giving
a different aspect to the shell, which otherwise does not differ from the typi-
cal annulata. Length 54; height 50; diameter 25 mm. U. S. N. Mus. Cat.
No. 108,819. Harbor of Sitka, Alaska, at station 92, in ten fathoms, mud
and shell, W. H. Dall.

Venericardia nodulosa, new species.

Shell small, rotund, inflated, solid, creamy white, with 13 to 15 radiating,
strong, transversely nodulous ribs ; the surface is also concentrically finely
lineated in the interspaces which are narrower than the ribs; the beaks are
prominent, there is a lanceolate small lunule in front of them, but the es-

63— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (249)

250 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

cutcheon is linear or absent ; the right valve has a large central and a small
lamellar cardinal tooth on each side of it; there are two rather weak left
cardinals; the interior margins are conspicuously fluted in harmony with
the external sculpture. Length 11; height 10; diameter 6 mm. U. S. N.
Mus. Cat. No. 211,887, U. S. Fish Commission station 2901, off Santa Rosa
Island, California, in 48 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 55° F.

This is close to the fossil V. monilicosta of Gabb, which is a larger shell
with less emphatic nodulation, a larger lunule and one or two more ribs on
the average.

Lora babylonia, new species.

Shell small, whitish, turrited, with about six whorls, the nucleus defect-
ive, the suture distinct, not appressed; spiral sculpture of a strong keel at
the shoulder and on the base four or five feeble threads, the canal without
spiral sculpture; axial sculpture of (on the last whorl about 18) rounded rib-
lets retractive behind the keel, protractive in front of it, straight, forming
a nodule at the intersection with the keel and with wider interspaces ; aper-
ture short and wide, simple, the anal sulcus coinciding with the end of the
keel. Height 11, diameter 4 mm. U. S. N. Mus. Cat. No. 214,192. U.S.
Fish Commission station 3346, off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, in 786 fathoms,
sand, bottom temperature 37.3° F.

/Esopus sanctus, new species.

Shell small, light pinkish brown, with somewhat less than five whorls, of
which one is composed of a globose smooth nucleus; suture distinct, the
whorls moderately convex, the aperture simple, short, the columella smooth,
twisted, shorter than the outer lip, the whole surface minutely evenly spir-
ally striated. Height 4.3; of last whorl 2.0; diameter 1.6 mm. U. S. N.
Mus. Cat. No. 308,958. Todos Santos Bay, near San Diego, California.

Petaloconchus montereyensis, new species.

Shell yellowish white, closely irregularly loosely coiled, occurring in
masses, the sculpture of crowded concentric wrinkles with, on the earlier
part of the shell, an occasional obscure longitudinal ridge; the internal
lamellae occur only in the earlier coils, the later portion shows no traces
of them; the maximum diameter at the aperture is two millimeters. U. S.
N. Mus. 334,650. Monterey, California.

Tritonalia interfossa beta, new variety.

Shell resembling T. barbarensis Gabb but stouter and without the re-
curved spines at the shoulders; reddish brown, of more than five whorls,
the nucleus defective, the whorls somewhat turrited by an angular shoulder;
axial sculpture of (on the last whorl six including the terminal varix, on the
penultimate whorl seven) angular ribs, prominent at the shoulder and ex-
tending to the canal; these are crossed by about 14 densely imbricate spiral
cords, subequal and equally spaced, with narrow interspaces; terminal varix
heavy. Aperture small, the margin continuous, the outer lip with four or
five low denticles internally, the pillar smooth, the canal closed, rather short.

Dall — New Shells from the Northwest Coast. 251

Height 22; of last whorl 16; diameter 10 mm. U. S. N. Mus. Cat. No.
46,728. Monterey, California, Stearns.

N od u I us palmeri, new species.

Shell minute, translucent brownish with a blunt apex and four well
rounded whorls; the suture rather deep, the surface smooth except for faint
incremental lines ; base imperforate, aperture lunate, simple, the margin en-
tire and continuous Height 2, diameter 0.75 mm. U. S. N. Mus. Cat.
No. 212,731. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea; W. Palmer.

Cryptonatica aleutica, new species.

Shell large, rounded, slightly flattened in front of the suture pinkish
white, covered with a light brownish, spirally minutely striated periostra-
cum, a white area surrounding the umbilical region; whorls six or more, the
nucleus minute; aperture lunate, simple, the body with a coat of enamel,
the umbilicus completely, smoothly filled with a semilunate pad of callus ;
operculum solidly calcareous, smooth, with an obscure swelling centrally.
Height 46; diameter 40 mm. U. S. N. Mus. Cat. No. 217,156. Unalaska,
Aleutian Islands.

This is the shell which has long been confounded with and distributed
under the name of Natica russa Gould, but the discovery of Gould's type
shows that it is a much smaller and different species.

Skeneopsis alaskana, new species.

Shell minute, resembling S. planorbis Fabricius, but smaller, more ele-
vated and with a much smaller umbilicus ; whorls two and a half, pale green-
ish white, rounded, suture deep, not appressed; sculpture only of more or
less evident concentric fine wrinkles, more conspicuous on the top of the
whorl; aperture circular, simple, umbilicus deep, width about one-fifth of
the diameter of the last whorl; operculum horny, multispiral. U. S N. Mus.
Cat. No. 271,717. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea; A. G. Whitney.

Pantellaria, new genus.

Type Megerlia monstruosa Scacchi.

In this group the opening for the pedicel in intact specimens is wholly
in the flat or sessile valve, as in Platidia; when a portion of it appears to in-
volve the other valve it is due to wear. These two genera are unique in
this respect in the group. P. echinata Fischer and Oehlert also belongs to
this genus. The species are West African, Mediterranean and Antillean.

Vol. 32, pp. 253-268 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPOSED NEW BIRDS FROM
PERU, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, AND COLOMBIA.'

BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN.

Continued study2 of the birds collected by the Yale Univer-
sity-National Geographic Expedition to the Urubamba region
of Peru, and, incidentally, of other collections received by the
American Museum from South America, has led to the conclu-
sions presented in the following pages. The color terms em-
ployed are those of Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color No-
menclature" (Washington, 1912).

I acknowledge, gratefully, the loan of specimens for compari-
son from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, through the
courtesy of Mr. Outram Bangs.

Micropus peruvianus, new species.

Specific characters. — Resembling Micropus andecolus (Lafr. & d'Orb.),
but tail shorter, less deeply forked, white areas of the plumage without
buffy tints, forehead darker, basal under tail-coverts with much less white.

Type. — No. 145,007, Am. Mus Nat. Hist., 9 ad., Ollantaytambo, alt.
9700 ft., Peru, July 22, 1916; F. M. Chapman.

Description of type. — General coloration fuscous, the wings and tail with
olivaceous reflections; sides of the nape white more or less tinged with
dusky; auriculars dusky; rump white; upper tail-coverts like the back;
outer tail-feathers lacking the greenish lustre of the others and paler basally ;
inner secondaries paler than outer quills and faintly tipped with whitish;
under wing-coverts dusky, the smaller ones browner; under parts white,
the sides and flanks more or less dusky; longer lower tail-coverts fuscous,
shorter ones white basally, broadly tipped with dusky or fuscous; depth of
tail-furcation 12.5 mm.

lSee also "Descriptions of Proposed New Birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and
Chile." Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XLI, 1919, pp. 323-333.

2 Published by permission of the Trustees of the American Museum of Natural History.

54— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (253)

254 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Description of male. — The male resembles the female in color and in size.
Specimens examined. — Micropus peruvianus. Peru: Type locality, 1 d\

1 ? ; Huaracondo Canon, 10,000 ft., 1 c?, 1 ?; Torontoy, 8000 ft., 2 9 .
Micropus andecolus. Bolivia: Parotani, 8800 ft., Prov. Cochabamba,

2 cf ; Vinto, 8600 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 2 c?. Argentina: Tilcara, 8000
ft., Prov. Jujuy, 1 cj ; Angaco Sud, 2000 ft., Prov. San Juan, 2 d\ 1 9 ; Men-
doza, 1.

Fig. 1. — Tail of Micropus peruvianus. Fig. 2.-

(Both natural size.)

-Tail of Micropus andecolus.

Remarks. — The type-locality1 of Cypselus andecolus is the Andes of La
Paz, Bolivia. I have no specimens from La Paz, but faunal considerations
lead me to believe that four specimens from the Andes at Cochabamba may
be accepted as typically representing this bird. That the describers did not
mention the buffy tint which characterizes our Bolivian and Argentine
specimens is not surprising since it might well be considered as adventitious.
While their figure of the species does not therefore show a buffy tint on the
white areas, it does show a more deeply forked tail than is exhibited by any
of our Peruvian birds, and this in spite of the fact that it is somewhat smaller
than natural size.

Although the characters separating the Peruvian and Bolivian birds
seem to me to be of specific value, the birds nevertheless are obviously rep-
resentative forms, and it is not probable, therefore, that both would be
found at the same locality. If this be true, there can be little doubt of the
essential identity of the La Paz and Cochabamba birds. The latter agree
minutely with specimens from Argentina, and if my belief that Cochabamba
specimens are typical of andecolus is correct, it of course follows that " Apus
andecolus dinellii" of Hartert, from Jujuy and Mendoza, Argentina, is a
pure synonym of andecolus (Lafr. & d'Orb.). Hartert writes (Bull. B. O. C,
XXIII, 1908, p. 43): "The measurements of this species [=di7iellii] are
the same as in A. a. andecolus, " indicating that the birds which he identified
as andecolus are not the same as the bird from Peru which I here describe.

iThe type is not in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge.

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 255

The appended measurements show the constancy of the differences in
length and depth of furcation of the tail in the two forms, characters on
which, chiefly, 1 base my belief of their specific distinctness.

Measurements.

Place.

( Mlantaytainbo, Peru

Huaracondo Cation, Peru

Vinto, Prov. Coch., Bol

U It It

Parotani " " !~1~Z~"

a it it

Ansa co Sud, Prov. San Juan, Arg

it a a it

Mendoza, Argentina

Torontoy, Peru

a it

Ollantaytambo, Peru

Angaco Sud, Prov. San Juan, Arg.

Sex.

Wing.

Tail.

c?1

134

54

c?1

136

54

c?2

143

66.5

c?2

139

67

c?2

143

66.5

c?2

141

64

c?2

138

64

c?2

142

64

c?2

144.5

67

91

131

54

91

134

56

91

139

54

92

140

61

Depth
of fork.

13
14
22.5

19.5

19

20

23

21.5

13

14

12.5

22

Grallaria watkinsi, new species.

Specific characters. — Resembling Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris Tacz.,
but crown paler, more sharply defined from back, and with buff shaft-
streaks, back more olivaceous and usually with fine shaft-streaks; ear-
coverts dusky, tarsi and toes (in dried skins) pale brown, not dark blackish
brown; wing and tail averaging shorter, tarsus and bill longer.

Type.— No. 163,084, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., <? ad., Milagros, 2200 ft.,
Prov. Piura (near Prov. Tumbes), Peru, July 7, 1919; II. Watkins.

Description of type. — Crown and nape bright ochraceous-tawny, clearly
defined from the Saccardo's olive of the back and rump ; forehead tipped with
black, the feathers, except in the center, basally white; whole anteorbital
region white, sharply tipped with black; ring around eye white, more or less
tipped with black; auriculars dusky, basally white and with traces of buffy on
the shafts; wings and tail of much the same color as the back; feathers of the
crown and back with buff shafts; the rump with white shaft-streaks; lower
wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-quills (except outer primary) deep
ochraceous-buff ; under parts white, faintly tinted with buff, throat immacu-
late; malar streaks blackish and sides of the throat streaked with blackish;
breast, sides and flanks widely margined with the color of the back, bor-
dered internally, especially on the sides and flanks, with a narrow black line
and, particularly on the breast, with rusty ochraceous; center of the belly
and lower tail-coverts practically unmarked; tibiae brownish olive extern-
ally, whitish internally; tarsi and toes pale brownish; maxilla black; mandi-
ble horn color.

Description of female— -The female resembles the male in size and color.

Specimens examined. — Grallaria watkinsi. Peru: Type locality, 5 cT,
1 $ ; Alamor, 1 c?.

iMicropus peruvianus.
2Micropus andecolus.

256 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris. Peru: Levanto (near Chaehapoyas), 1
(J1; Tabaconas (near Huancabamba), 1 $ .

Grallaria ruficapilla ruficapilla. Ecuador: Zaruma, Prov. Loja, 1 9 ',
" Ambato," 1; Gualea, 1 cJ1, 1 ?; Colombia: 16 specimens of both sexes.

Measurements.

Culmen.

24-25

23

24

24

23

Grallaria watkinsi1 —

Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris2...

Grallaria watkinsi3

Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris4 ..
Grallaria ruficapilla ruficapilla6

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

93.5-96

49-53

50-55

99.5

62

46

92

52

51

96

55

51

95

49

47

Remarks.— Our material clearly indicates the intergradation of rufica-
pilla ruficapilla with albiloris. Of the latter, a specimen from Levanto,
near Chaehapoyas, received by us from von Berlepsch and labeled by him
"Grallaria albiloris," may be considered topotypical of that form, since
Taczanowski himself records specimens from near Chaehapoyas (Orn.
Perou, II, p. 83). Callacate, the type-locality of albiloris, is on the western
slopes, Levanto on the eastern slopes of the Marafion Valley.

A specimen from Tabaconas, Peru, further north on Amazonian drain-
age, has more black on the breast, less white on the lores, and a darker
crown than the Levanto bird, and thus shows a definite approach toward
ruficapilla, while a specimen from Zaruma, Prov. Loja, has the white lores
of albiloris, but in other respects agrees with ruficapilla. The lores are
whitish also in a Gualea specimen, and in two from Ricaurte. southwestern
Colombia. Taczanowski (I. c.) comments on the resemblance of west
Ecuadorian specimens to albiloris, and we may, I think, accept the inter-
gradation of that race and ruficapilla as essentially proven.

I dwell somewhat upon this fact for it has an interesting bearing on the
status of the bird here described. Zaruma, whence comes the specimen
of ruficapilla mentioned above, is only about sixty miles from Milagros,
the type-locality of watkinsi, but the latter is less like the Zaruma bird
than it is like the Levanto specimen from the Maranon Valley. Milagros
is on the Pacific slope of the Western Andes, Zaruma on the eastern side
of the same range. Whether the two localities are connected faunally, I
am unable to say, but the specimens from Milagros show characters which
suggest the complete segregation of a form which, while representing
Grallaria ruficapilla, is specifically distinct from it. It gives me peculiar
pleasure to dedicate this interesting new bird to its collector, Mr. Harry
Watkins, who for nearly twenty years has devoted himself to zoological
research in Peru, and who for the past three years has been the efficient
representative there of the American Museum of Natural History.

i 5 males from Milagros, Peru.

2 1 male from Levanto, Peru.

3 1 female from Milagros, Peru.

4 1 female from Tabaconas, Peru.
6 1 female from Zaruma, Ecuador.

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 257

Grallaricula boliviana, new species.

Specific characters. — Most nearly resembling Grallaricula costaricensis,
but not closely related to any known species. Throat ochraceous streaked
with black, a white breast-patch; lower breast ochraceous, the feathers
sharply margined with black, giving a scaled appearance, much as in
Preninoplex guttata.

Type.— No. 137,177, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., c? ad., Incachaca, 7700 ft.,
Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia, May 16, 1915; Miller & Boyle.

Description of type. — Upper parts between brownish olive and light
brownish olive, the crown with darker centers, sides of the forehead basally
ochraceous; lores and a narrow eye-ring ochraceous, minutely tipped with
black; tail fuscous, the outer feathers externally margined with olive-
brown; wings fuscous, externally margined with olive-brown, the inner
margins of all but the outer quills ochraceous-buff; under wing-coverts,
bend of the wing and outer margin of alula deeper; ear-coverts tinged with
cinnamon-brown; throat ochraceous, loosely streaked with black; a narrow
white breast-patch; a broad ochraceous band across the lower breast, the
feathers sharply bordered with black; flanks more olivaceous, with some
buffy feathers obscurely margined with blackish; center of the abdomen
white; tibiae brownish olive; lower tail-coverts buffy; feet dark brown;
maxilla brownish black; mandible yellowish. Wing 60; tail 28; tarsus 21 ;
culmen 12.5 mm.

Specimens examined. — Grallaricula bolwiana, the type. Grallaricula
costaricensis, Costa Rica, 1 ; Veragua, 1 .

Remarks. — The discovery of this very distinct species introduces a new
type of coloration into the genus Grallaricula, and extends the known range
of the genus from Ecuador to Bolivia, a distance of approximately 1000
miles. Doubtless this gap will in time be filled by the discovery of one
or more species of these elusive little birds in Peru.

Synallaxis stictothorax piurae, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to Syyiallaxis stictothorax stictothorax
Scl., but back more rufescent; wings more widely margined with bright
cinnamon-rufous, this color occupying all the outer web of the inner pri-
maries and both webs of the secondaries basally; tail almost wholly cin-
namon-rufous, the blackish area, which occupies all the inner web of the
four central rectricesin stictothorax, reduced to a small, faint, terminal patch.

Type. — No. 163,085, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9, Chilaco, near Samate on
the Rio Chira, Prov. Piura, Peru, May 27, 1919.

Specimens examined. — Synallaxis stictothorax piurae. Peru: Type
locality, 1 d\ 3 9,1?; Samate, Prov. Piura, 1 ?.

Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax. Ecuador: Bahia de Caraque, Prov.
Manavi, 5; Guayaquil, 4 (topotypes) ; Daule, 1 ; Puna Island, 6; Machala, 1.

Remarks. — Some specimens of stictothorax stictothorax have the secon-
daries basally rufous, but this character is apparently never so highly de-
veloped as in piurae. in which the wing, when closed, appears to be almost

258 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

wholly rufous. The characters shown by the tail are pronounced and
constant, all our sixteen specimens of stictothorax having the inner vanes
of the four central feathers black or blackish, a mark which has almost
disappeared in our specimens of piuroe. The Machala specimen is clearly
referable to stictothorax and brings the known range of this form almost to
the Peruvian boundary. It is probable that the areas occupied by the
two races are divided by the Cerro de Amotape.

Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Throat and breast grayish vinaceous-buff, in-
stead of being essentially pure white; flanks and abdominal region much
deeper, the former nearly ochraceous-tawny; ear-coverts and sides of the
neck grayer, less cinnamon-rufous; upper parts averaging darker, with
less cinnamon-rufous, especially anteriorly.

Type.— No. 145,210, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., d" ad., July 2, 1916; Tica-
Tica, 11,500 ft., near Cuzco, Peru. F. M. Chapman.

Specimens examined. — Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus. Peru:
Type locality, 5; La Raya, 1; Calca, 2; Cuzco, 5; Anta, 1; Huaracondo
Canon, 1.

Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps. Bolivia: Cuchacancha, 11,000
ft., 7; Parotani, 8800 ft., 4; Vinto, 8600 ft., 3. Argentina: Tilcara, 8000
ft., Prov. Jujuy, 2; Tafi del Valle, 7000 ft., Prov. Tucuman, 3.

Remarks. — Our excellent series of Phacellodomus striaticeps shows that
the characters on which this proposed new race is founded are both pro-
nounced and constant. The marked differentiation in the color of the
under parts is evidently not due to the earthy stain which often is found
upon the feathers of these and other ground-inhabiting species of this
family. Earth-stained birds are found in the series of both forms, and
its presence in no way obscures the real characters by which they may be
distinguished.

Hylocryptus, new genus.

Generic characters. — A typically furnariine bird; the difference in length
between the inner and outer toes less than the difference between the

latter and the middle toe; the
nostril-entrance oval, non-opercu-
late; apparently most nearly re-
V v" ^ -^^"""Vf^v la ted to A utomolus but with a long-

^^^.S -><'£- _ er, proportionately more slender
bill, the gonydeal angle barely evi-
dent, the maxilla as well as man-
dible terminally decurved; the
culmen from base decidedly longer

Fig. 3— Bill of Hylocryptus erythrocephalus. than tai'SUS, its depth at the gony-

( Natural size ) (jeal angle less instead of more

than three times its length from nostril. Type, Hylocryptus erythro-
cephalus.

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 259

Hylocryptus erythrocephalus, new species.

Specific characters. — In general coloration somewhat suggesting the
Automolus rubiginosus- A. nigricauda group, but whole head and neck
sharply defined in color from rest of the body; under parts grayish olive,
etc.

Type.— No. 163,086, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9 ad., Alamor, 4300 ft.,
Peruvian-Ecuador boundary, July 14, 1919; H. Watkins.

Description of type.— -Head all around, including nape, cheeks, auriculars,
and throat between Sanford's brown and orange-rufous (throat more
ochraceous-orange) clearly defined, especially on the nape and sides of the
neck, from the Dresden-brown back and pale grayish olive under parts;
rump tinged with orange-rufous passing into pure orange-rufous on the
upper tail-coverts; rectrices slightly deeper in tone than head; wing-quills
externally somewhat duller with a faint olivaceous tinge; inner webs and
tips of primaries (all but base of outer ones) blackish; inner quills and
wing-coverts wholly orange-rufous; bend of the wing and under wing-
coverts ochraceous-orange; flanks and ventral region washed with the
color of the back; lower tail-coverts ochraceous-orange; feet brownish
black; maxilla dark brown, lighter terminally; mandible horn color. Wing
92; tail 83; tarsus 28; hind toe 21; outer toe 19.50; middle toe 26.5; inner
toe, 17 (all with nail); culmen from base, 30; bill from nostril, 22; depth
at gonydeal angle 6.5 mm.

Description of immature female. — A not fully adult female from Paletilla
agrees in size with the type and differs in color only in the presence of nar-
row blackish terminal margins on the feathers of the occiput and under
parts.

Specimens examined. — Hylocryptus erythrocephalus. Alamor, 1 $ ad.,
Paletilla, 1 9 ad., 1 9 im.

Automolus rubiginosus, A. rufipectus, A. cinnamomeigula, A. nigricauda,
and other less nearly related species of the genus.

Remarks. — The type of coloration shown by this species is unlike that
of any furnariine or dendrocolaptine bird known to me. It is conceivable,
however, that an intensification of color which would obscure the contrast
between the colors of the head and body, might produce some such result
as appears in Automolus nigricauda nigricauda of western Ecuador. The
latter, however, is a true Automolus of the A. rubiginosus- A. rufipectus
group, with the bill no longer than the tarsus and with an ascending in-
stead of decurved gonys; the tail-feathers, furthermore, are slightly stiff er.

Xenops rutilus connectens, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Intermediate between Xenops rutilus rutilus
Licht., and Xenops rutilus helerurus Cab. & Hein., with the tail-pattern
of the former and the general coloration of the latter.

Type.— No 137,347. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., c? ad. Todos Santos 1300
ft., Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia, July 27, 1915; Miller & Boyle.

Specimens examined. — Xenops rutilus connectens. Bolivia: Type lo-
cality, 3; Yungas 3600 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 1.

260 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Xenops rutilus rutilus. Brazil: Chapada, 15; near Corumba, 2; Sao
Paulo, 1.

Xenops rutilus heterurus. Colombia: 24. Trinidad: 1. Ecuador: Zar-
uma, 6; Naranjo, 1. Peru: Idma, 2; San Miguel Bridge (Urubamba
Canon), 3; San Miguel River, 1.

Xenops tenuirostris. Brazil: Barao Melgaco, Matto Grosso, 2; Rio
Roosevelt, 1 (heretofore known only from the type).

Remarks. — This is a most interesting link between Xenops rutilus rutilus
of Brazil, and X. r. heterurus of the Andes from southern Peru northward
and northern South America. Like true rutilus it has only one pair of tail-
feathers with the inner web wholly (or almost wholly) black. It differs
from true rutilus, however, in being more olivaceous and more narrowly
streaked below, in having the back darker, the crown black and more finely
streaked. In general color characters it therefore resembles heterurus, but
has only one pair instead of two pairs of rectrices, largely black.

Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi, hew subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangu-
laris (Lafr.), but general coloration, particularly of the upper parts, slightly
less olivaceous, more rufescent; the bill largely whitish or horn-color,
usually black only at the base and end of the maxilla; the buffy markings
on the crown larger, the back with buffy shaft-streaks; the rump more
rufous; the throat and markings of the under parts white; the markings
of the breast smaller and not extending to the abdomen, which is narrowly
streaked instead of spotted; under tail-coverts with fine, instead of broad
shaft-streaks.

Type.— No. 137,388, Am. Mus. Nat Hist., ? ad., Yungas, alt. 3600 ft.,
Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia, June 10, 1915; Miller & Boyle.

Range. — Subtropical zone of the eastern slope of the Andes in Bolivia
and in Peru, at least north to Garita del Sol.

Specimens examined. — Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi. Bolivia:
Yungas, type locality, 1 ; Locotal, 5800 ft., 1. Peru: San Miguel Bridge,
Urubamba Canon, 2; San Miguel River, 4500 ft., Urubamba Canon, 1;
San Miguel Road, 6000 ft., 1; Idma, above Sta. Ana, 5000 ft., 1.

Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis. Colombia: 34 specimens in-
cluding the type and topotypical series. Ecuador: Zamora, Prov. Loja, 4.

Remarks. — Mr. Hellmayr's belief1 that the type of Lafresnaye's " Den-
drocolaptes triangularis" came from Bogota, not Bolivia, as stated in the
original description, is confirmed by an examination of Lafresnaye's type,
now in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (No. 77,147;
Lafr. Coll., No. 2275), whence it has been loaned me by Mr. Bangs. On
the original label the words "Colombie, Bogota," are written over the
word "Bolivia." Lafresnaye having discovered the error in the alleged
type-locality apparently corrected it on the label of the type as he did also
in his monograph of the group to which the bird in question belongs (Rev.
Mag. Zool., 1850, p. 419). The type is faded and the bill is broken, but

lHellmayr, P. Z. S , 1911, p. 1153, foot-note.

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 261

the extension of the large spots on the breast to the abdomen at once marks
it as belonging to the Colombian form. The differences which distinguish
birds from Bolivia and southern Peru from Colombian and Ecuadorian
specimens are evidently shown, in part at least, by specimens from Garita
del Sol on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes, east of Lima, Berlepsch
(P. Z. S., 1896, p. 376) remarking that a pair of birds from this locality
resemble specimens from Bolivia. He also here comments on the char-
acters shown by the Colombian bird and, misled by Lafresnaye's state-
ment that the type of triangularis came from Bolivia, he described the
Colombian form as " D. triangularis bogotensis," a name which is obviously
a pure synonym of Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis.

Since four specimens from Zamora, in southeastern Ecuador, are essen-
tially typical of true triangularis, it is evident that if this form intergrades
with bangsi it must do so between Zamora and Garita del Sol. It seems
particularly appropriate to name this strongly marked race in honor of
Mr. Outram Bangs, not alone in recognition of the services he has so long
rendered neotropical ornithology, but also because his studies of the La-
fresnaye types now in the collection of which he has charge, have already
thrown, and promise to continue to throw, much light on problems which
only a study of the type concerned can solve.

Thripobrotus layardi madeiras, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to Thripobrotus layardi layardi (Scl.), but
ground color of the under parts browner; its streaks somewhat narrower
and tinted with buff; the unspotted throat area smaller and buffy instead
of white; the abdomen less streaked. Wing 95; tail 78.5; culmen 27 mm.

Type.— No. 148,455, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., & ad., Porto Velho, Rio
Madeira, Brazil, April 3, 1915; Collins-Day Exp., Geo. K. Cherrie.

Specimens examined. — Thripobrotus layardi madeira?. Brazil: Type lo-
cality, 2 cT', Barao Melgaco, Gy-Parana, Brazil, 1 9 im.

Thripobrotus layardi layardi. Brazil: Utinga, near Para, 1 d\ 1 9
(topotypes).

Thripobrotus fuscicapillus. Bolivia: Todos Santos, Rio Chapare, Prov.
Cochabamba, 1 cT. Peru: Astillero, Rio Tambopata, 1 9 ', Rio Cosireni
(lower Urubamba), 1 d\

Remarks. — Hellmayr (Verh. Orn. Gesell. Bayern, XI, 1912, p. 161),
after comparing Peruvian specimens with the type of Thripobrotus fuscica-
pillus (Pelz.), considers them inseparable from that species and. accepting
this conclusion as valid, it is clear that our birds from Porto Velho are not
referable to that form, which is represented in our collections by three
examples. Nor does the material at hand indicate intergradation of fus-
cicapillus with layardi through the race here described, which, although
slightly approaching fuscicapillus, is nevertheless much nearer to layardi.

A female from Barao Melgaco, on the Gy-Parana, still wears most of the
juvenal plumage. The forehead and sides of the head are spotted with
fulvous, the nape and sides of the hind head are slightly streaked with the
same color. The under parts agree in general tone of color, but are less
sharply streaked and the central stripes are whiter. Doubtless because

262 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

of its immaturity, this bird is considerably smaller than any of our other
specimens of this group. Wing 85; tail 73; culmen 25 mm.

Thripobrotus warscewiczi bolivianus, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to Thripobrotus warscewiczi warscewiczi
Cab. & Hein., of Peru, but ground-color of under parts somewhat more
olivaceous, its central stripes broader, margined laterally, but not termi-
nally, with black; throat appreciably buffier and without blackish margins;
maxilla paler.

Type.— No. 137,393, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., & ad., Incachaca, 7700 ft.,
Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia; May 14, 1915; Miller & Boyle.

Range. — Subtropical Zone in Bolivia.

Specimens examined. — Thripobrotus warscewiczi bolivianus. Bolivia:
Type locality, 4 o\ 4 9 ; Miguelita, 5000 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 1 d\
1 9 ; Locotal, 5800 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 1 d", 2 9 ; "Yungas," 6000
ft., 1.

Thripobrotus warscewiczi warscewiczi Cab. & Hein. Peru: San Miguel
Bridge, 5000 ft., Urubamba Canon, 1 9 •

Thripobrotus warscewiczi O3quatorialis (Menegaux). Peru: Alamor,
4300 ft., Prov. Tumbes, 1 a71 ; Ecuador: Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, 1 9 ,
Gualea, Prov. Pichincha, 2 d", 1 9 ■ Colombia: Ricuarte, Narifio, 1 cf.

Thripobrotus lacrymiger lacrymiger and T. I. sancta-martoe, adequate
series from Colombia.

Remarks. — I have to thank Mr. C. B. Cory for comparing our specimens
of Thripobrotus warscewiczi with specimens of T. w. warscewiczi in the
Field Museum from Molinapampa, and hence topotypical of peruvianus
Tacz. (P. Z. S. 1882, p. 28, Tamiapuma, Peru). Mr. Cory writes that he
considers our specimen from the Urubamba Canon "to be nearly or quite
typical warscewiczi" and this name is evidently therefore applicable to all
the birds of this species from Peru with the possible exception of those
found near the Bolivian boundary, which may be nearer bolivianus, and
those from the Ecuadorian boundary, which, our Alamor specimen indi-
cates, are nearer cequatorialis. Mr. Cory also calls my attention to the
description by Menegaux of the Ecuador form as aquatorialis (Rev. Franc.
d'Orn., 1912, p. 389, Cayandeled, Ecuador), which I overlooked when writ-
ing of specimens from southwestern Colombia and Gualea, Ecuador (Bull.
A. M. N. H., XXXVI, 1917, p. 423). These birds, with others from
Zaruma and Alamor, are decidedly more rufous, both above and below,
than true warscewiczi, and show that aquatorialis is a valid, if but slightly
differentiated race.

In pattern of marking the Bolivian form here described (as remarked
in the paper just referred to), resembles T. I. sancta-marto?, but the latter
is more rufous throughout and the throat as well as central stripes below
are ivory white.

Mecocerculus subtropicalis, new species.

Specific characters. — Similar to Mecocerculus stictopterus tceniopterus
(Cab.) but back greener, cap grayer and less sharply defined from nape,

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 263

wing-coverts whiter and broader, ear-coverts grayer, superciliary less ex-
tended posteriorly, abdominal region more yellow; size smaller.

Type.— No. 273,007, U. S. Nat. Mus., o" ad., San Miguel Bridge, 5000
ft., subtropical zone, Urubamba Canon, Peru; June 22, 1915; E. Heller.

Description of type. — Whole crown neutral gray, spreading on to the
nape and not sharply denned from the Kronberg green ("olive-green")
back; a white superciliary reaching to behind the eye; lores dusky; cheeks
and ear-coverts grayish white, the latter tipped with the color of the sides
of the nape; tail hair-brown, very narrowly margined externally with the
color of the back ; the outer web of the outer pair of feathers paler basally,
no trace of whitish on the inner web of any of the rectrices; wing-quills
fuscous, margined with whitish on the inner webs and pale greenish on the
outer webs. Median and greater coverts broadly margined with greenish
white; lesser wing-coverts the color of the back; bend and lining of the
wing citron-yellow; throat and upper breast grayish white, the rest of the
under parts whiter, washed, or faintly and obscurely streaked, with pale
citron-yellow, brighter on the sides and flanks; feet and bill black, the max-
illa pale basally. Wing 60; tail 56 ; tarsus 16.5; culmen 9 mm.

Description of female. — The female resembles the male in color, but is
smaller in size. Wing 58; tail 51 ; tarsus 16.5; culmen 9.

Specimens examined. — Mecocerculus subtropicalis. Peru: Type lo-
cality, 1 d\ 2 9,1?; Idma, 1 &, 2 9 •

Mecocerculus stictopterus tceniopterus. Peru: Above Torontoy, 10,700
ft., 1 o", 1 9 ; Occobamba Valley, 9100 ft., 1 d\

Mecocerculus stictopterus stictopterus. Ecuador: Chimborazo, 1 tf ;
Colombia: Temperate Zone, 6 r? , 1 9 •

Mecocerculus hellmayri. Bolivia: Incachaca, 3 o71, 2 9 •

Remarks. — The apparent abundance of this proposed new species
prompts the belief that it has been before described but if this be true, it
was presumably not referred to the genus Mecocerculus. On the other
hand, it is so clearly a member of that genus that it could not well be placed
in any other. Possibly the lack of a clear conception of its zonal relation-
ships with M.s. tceniopterus may have led to the belief that it was not sepa-
rable from that species. Inaccurate labeling might readily lead to the
belief that both birds came from the same locality, whereas tceniopterus is
found in the Temperate Zone and subtropicalis in the Subtropical Zone.

Both M . colopterus and M. poecilocercus have the inner web of certain
remiges white; while in M. hellmayri and M. minor the wing-bars are
ochraceous; in subtropicalis the inner webs of the rectrices are without
white and the wing-bars are greenish white.

Anaeretes agraphia, new species.

Specific characters. — Quite unlike any described species of the genus, but
most nearly resembling Anaretes agilis Scl., from which it differs in having
no streaks above or below, the crest wholly black, etc.

Type.— 273,008, U. S. Nat. Mus., 9 ad., Idma, 9000 ft., near Sta. Ana,
Peru; October 10, 1915, E. Heller.

Description of type. — Crown and elongated feathers of the crest shining

264 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

black without white markings; a well-marked white superciliary; back
olive-brown, unstriped; the sides of the nape and neck grayer; ear-coverts
gray; a dusky postocular stripe; tail strongly graduated, brownish fuscous
margined with the color of the back and tipped with whitish; wing-quills
darker, the inner ones margined externally with the color of the back;
throat whitish; breast grayish; abdominal region and flanks pale sulphur-
yellow; under parts unmarked except for a slight suggestion of stripes on
the breast. Wing 54; tail 58; tarsus 18.5; culmen 11; width of bill at base
4.5 mm.

Specimens examined. — Anazretes agraphia. Peru: The type.

An&retes agilis. Colombia: near Bogota, 3; Valle de las Pappas, 1.
Ecuador: Mindo, 1; Gualea, 2; Pichincha, 1.

Remarks. — This is the second known member of that section of the genus
Anwretes of which .4. agilis has heretofore been the only described species.
Compared with A. parulus these birds evidently possess well-marked
generic characters, but the differences in question are in part bridged by
A. nigricristatus in which the bill is broader, the tail more graduated, than
in parulus; while A. 'flavirostris is, in respect to these characters, intermedi-
ate between nigricristatus and parulus.

Mionectes striaticollis columbianus, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Most nearly related to Mionectes striaticollis
poliocephalus (Tsch.) of Peru, but smaller; the upper breast olive-green
rather than gray; the white streaks of throat and breast much narrower
and more restricted; the plumbeous of the crown less extended, not reach-
ing back of nape or ear-coverts, cf, wing, 63-70; tail, 48-52 mm.

Type.— No. 133,683, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., <? ad., Sta. Elena, 9000 ft.,
Antioquia, Colombia, November 21, 1914; Miller & Boyle.

Specimens examined. — Mionectes striaticollis columbianus. Colombia:
Type locality, 1; east of Palmira, Cen. Andes, 1; El Roble, Cen. Andes, 2;
La Candela, Cen. Andes, 3; Cerro Munchique, W. Andes, 1; San Antonio,
W. Andes, 1; Subia, near Bogota, 1.

Mionectes striaticollis poliocephalus. Peru: San Miguel Bridge, Uru-
bamba Canon, 3; Idma, above Sta. Ana, 6.

Mionectes striaticollis striaticollis. Bolivia: Locotal, Prov. of Cocha-
bamba, 5; Yungas, Prov. Cochabamba, 4; Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba,
2.

Remarks. — The receipt of an adequate series of specimens of the Pe-
ruvian form of Mionectes striaticollis confirms my expressed belief that the
Colombian bird is separable from it (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI,
1917, p. 448).

The extremes of variation are represented by the Bolivian bird at the
south, the Colombian bird at the north. Between these, but, as might be
expected, nearer the former than the latter, is the Peruvian form which
is sufficiently distinct from striaticollis to stand as a separate race, dis-
tinguished chiefly by its less streaked under parts, including the lower
tail-coverts.

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 265

Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus, new subspecies.

Subspedfic characters. — Similar to Myioborus melanocephalus melano-
cephalus (Tsch.) of Peru, but under parts paler, lemon-chrome rather than
light cadmium; frontal band narrower and often mixed with black; the
outer tail-feathers with more white, the white area on the inner vane of the
terminal half of the third feather (from without) larger than the black area;
wing averaging shorter; bill longer; wing 67; tail 67; culmen 10.5 mm.

Type.— No. 137,927, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist , & ad., Incachaca, 7700 ft.,
Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia; May 24, 1915; Miller & Boyle.

Specimens examined. — Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus. Bolivia:
Type locality, 5 d\ 11 9-

Myioborus melanocephalus melanocephalus. Peru: San Miguel Bridge,
Urubamba Canon, 5^,4 9 ; Torontoy, 1 d" , 4 9 ; Santo Domingo,
6 cf, 1 9 ; Oconeque, 1 cf.

Remarks. — Specimens from Santo Domingo and Oconeque in south-
eastern Peru are intermediate. In the color of the under parts they are
nearer bolivianus, but in tail characters they agree with true melanocephalus.

Basileuterus luteoviridis superciliaris, new subspecies.

Subspedfic characters.— Similar to Basileuterus luteoviridis luteoviridis
(Bonap.) of Colombia, but averaging slightly smaller, with a longer bill,
rictal bristles more developed; the entire upper parts decidedly browner,
the yellow superciliary much broader, brighter, in some specimens broader
even than in " Myiothlypis" nigrocristatus, when it leaves an olive-green
area on the crown about equal to the black area in the crown of that species.
Differing from Basileuterus luteoviridis slriaticeps Cab., and from B. I.
signatus Berl. & Stolz. through the lack of even a trace of black on the
forehead and crown, which is exactly concolor with the back; from speci-
mens of signatus which lack black on the crown, it differs as it does from
true luteoviridis and, furthermore, in being larger; wing 69.5; tail 57; cul-
men 12 mm.

Type.— No. 273,009, U. S. Nat. Mus., <? ad. Above Torontoy, 14,000
ft., Urubamba Canon, Peru; May 14, 1914, E. Heller.

Specimens examined. — Basileuterus luteoviridis superciliaris. Peru:
Type locality, 3; Cedrobamba, 12,000 ft., 1.

Basileuterus luteoviridis luteoviridis. Colombia: 4.

Basileuterus luteoviridis signatus. Peru: San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba
Canon, 5000 ft., 4 d\ 2 9 ; Torontoy, 7800 ft., 2 cf , 4 9 ; Santo Do-
mingo, 6000 ft., 4; Oconeque, 1. Bolivia: Incachaca, 7700 ft., Prov.
Cochabamba, 5.

Remarks. — This form is apparently a Temperate Zone representative
of Basileuterus luteoviridis signatus which occurs on the same mountains
in the Subtropical Zone. Its zonal relations are presumably with "Myi-
othlypis" slriaticeps Cab.,1 described from Maraynioc, in the humid Tem-
perate Zone, east of the Junin region. The latter, however, is larger and
is described as having "einen breiten schwarzlich olivenbraunen " stripe
ij. f. O., 1873, p. 316.

266 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

on the crown bordering the yellow superciliary, whereas in superciliaris
the crown and forehead are of exactly the same color as the back. It is,
however, interesting to observe that three of our sixteen Peruvian speci-
mens of signatus from the Subtropical Zone show this character of a dusky
stripe on the sides of the crown above the yellow superciliary, and this
feature is more pronounced and more constant in five specimens from the
Subtropical Zone of Bolivia.

This character clearly suggests relationship with "Myiothlypis" euo-
phrys, the Bolivian representative of nigrocristatus, and this, in turn, raises
the question of the status of Myiothlypis as a genus. The case has an im-
portant bearing on the problem of the origin of zonal faunas, and I trust
to return to it at a later day with both increased material and added field
experience.

Pheucticus uropygialis terminalis, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — In the comparative absence of black markings
on the sides and flanks, and in the large size of the white endings of the
greater wing-coverts, resembling Pheucticus uropygialis meridensis Riley,
of Venezuela; in the extent of yellow anteriorly on the bases of the feathers
of the interscapulum nearer meridensis than to Pheucticus uropygialis
uropygialis Scl., of Colombia; differing from both meridensis and true
uropygialis in having large white terminal, or slightly subterminal, rounded
spots on the upper tail-coverts instead of small white or yellowish trans-
verse subterminal marks on these feathers; lower tail-coverts whiter; tibiae
yellower.

Type.— No. 145,557, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., [d1], San Miguel Bridge,
Urubamba Canon, 5000 ft., Peru; July 19, 1916; H. Watkins.

Specimens examined. — Pheucticus uropygialis terminalis. Peru: Type
locality, 1 [cf ]; Chauillay, Urubamba River, 3700 ft., 1 [<?].

Pheucticus uropygialis uropygialis. Ecuador: 1 d1 ; Mocha, Chim-
borazo, 1 9 . Colombia: Subia, 2 d1 ; La Mar, 1 d" ; Palo Hueco, 1 d" ;
Fomeque, 1 d1 ; Chipaque, 2 d1 (all near Bogota and hence topotypical) .

Pheucticus uropygialis meridensis. Venezuela: Near Merida, 5 d1
(topotypical).

Remarks. — Pheucticus uropygialis does not appear to be represented
in most Peruvian collections. Kalinowski secured a female near Cuzco,
which von Berlepsch, in reporting on his collections (Ornis, 1906, p. 103),
states he had not seen. Jelski took it near Huanta and it is contained in
the Raimondi collection from Huancayo. It was probably on Raimondi's
specimens that Taczanowski (Orn. Per., Ill, p. 2) based his description in
which the words " sus-caudales noires terminees d'unegrossetache blanche"
indicate that he evidently had the race here described in hand. This white
spot on the longest tail-covert of the type is terminal and measures 8 mm.
along the shaft of the feather. In a second male, which is in the molt, and
in which this covert has not yet attained its full growth, it measures 12 mm.
and is margined by a black border 3 mm. in width.

A female collected by Heller does not agree with the female of aurei-
ventris, as stated by Taczanowski, but differs from it in having the throat

Chapman — New Birds Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia. 267

and breast streaked with black, the upper pails pronouncedly blacker and
the rump yellow, in strong contrast to the back. This female closely re-
sembles one of true uropygialis from Ecuador, but has the white terminal
markings of both wing-coverts and upper tail-coverts larger.

Catamenia analoides griseiventris, new subspecies.

Subspecific characters. — Male similar to male of Catamenia analoides
analoides (Lafr.), of the Peruvian coast region, but abdominal region
grayer, less white, the under parts therefore nearly uniform in color;
second to sixth primaries (from without) with less white on their outer
webs at the base; lower tail-coverts averaging paler and usually without
the buffy tips which are always present in true analoides.

Type.— No. 129,178, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., d1 ad., Cuzco, Peru, Novem-
ber 16, 1914; H. Watkins.

Specimens examined. — Catamenia analoides griseiventris. Peru: Type
locality, 1 d1, 1 9 ; Pisac (near Cuzco), 4 d\ 2 9 ; Chospyoc, 10,000 ft.,
1 <?; Huaracondo Canon, 10,000 ft., 2 tf , 1 9 ; Torontoy, 8000 ft., 1 d1.
Ecuador: Valle de Cumbaza, Chimborazo, 3 d1 .

Catamenia analoides analoides. Peru: Lima, 2 d1. 1 9 ; Vitarte (near
Lima), 9 d", 5 9 ; Huacho (north of Lima), 1 d\ 2 9 ; Huaral (north of
Lima), 5cf,l 9 ; Sayun, 1 d1.

Remarks. — Our excellent series of this species shows that most of the
differences between specimens from the coast and those from the table-
land of Peru, to which Taczanowski (Orn. Per., Ill, p. 21) long ago called
attention, are diagnostic. The fact that specimens from the tableland of
Ecuador agree with those from southern Peru, indicates that the race here
described occupies the puna or paramo in both Ecuador and Peru, while
true analoides is doubtless confined to the coastal region.

It is interesting to observe that griseiventris, in its gray abdomen and
decreased amount of white at the base of the primaries, makes no approach
toward the Bolivian analis, which indeed more closely resembles the Lima
race than it does the one geographically nearest to it.

The Colombian form. C. a. schistaceifrons, is also more like the one occu-
pying the Peruvian coast than the race which inhabits the intervening
mountains.

Vol. 32, pp. 269-270 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NOTES ON SPHENOPHORUS (COLEOPTERA).

BY F. H. CHITTENDEN.

During studies of the genus Sphenophorus certain forms pre-
viously undescribed have come to notice. These with some
nomenclatorial changes, are treated briefly in the following
notes.

Sphenophorus costicollis, new species.

Form similar to robustus, distinctly more slender, a little more depressed.
Ground color dull red with clay-colored natural coating covering dorsal
surface except thoracic vittae, shining red on exposed portions of sides,
abdominal surface and sides of legs.

Rostrum five-sixths as long as thorax, subequal in distal four-fifths, last
fifth slightly dilated with sides parallel as seen from side, posterior face not
produced. Thoracic vittae strongly elevated, narrow, polished; median
widest at middle, tapering and terminating at about the distance of one-
tenth to base of thorax; lateral vittae of similar width with branch faintly
indicated, basal half of nearly uniform width.

Elytra completely covered with gray coating without callosities; third
interval wide, distinctly elevated; fifth narrower, less convex but wider
than fourth or sixth, lower surface including legs and other characters
about as in robustus.

Length 13 mm.; width 5.5 mm.

Described from a single female from New Orleans, La., collected April
26, 1918, by Mr. Thos. H. Jones.

Type No. 22,775, U. S. National Museum.

A well-marked species not likely to be mistaken for any described form.

Var. callosipennis, new variety.

Smaller than type of costicollis, ground color black or piceous, tending
to dark red on exposed portion of sides of abdomen and of legs; coating
either slightly reddish or yellowish. Median vitta a little longer. Third
elytral interval polished black in basal half; a distinct sub-basal and sub-
apical callosity.

Length 11 mm.; width 4 mm.

55 — Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (269)

270 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Dudley, Mo., March 29, 1919, collected by Mr. A. F. Satterthwait under
drift. One female and two males.

Type No. 22,776, U. S. National Museum.

In the males the branch of the lateral vitta extends in a thin line nearly
to the base of the thorax. The characters separating this form from costi-
collis do not seem of sufficient importance to indicate specific rank, but it
may be considered a geographical race.

Sphenophorus glyceriae, new name.

Sphenophorus recticulaticollis Chttn. (nee Boheman), Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Vol. VI, p. 163, 1904.

Since Mr. G. C. Champion (Biologia Centrali- Americana, Coleoptera,
Vol. IV, Part 7, 1910, pp. 160, 161), has stated definitely that he has seen
the type of Boheman's reticulaticollis and that it is not the species described
by the writer under that name, it becomes necessary to rename it, and the
above is suggested.

This species has been observed by Mr. A. F. Satterthwait ovipositing
on Glyceria septentrionalis at Woodrow, Mo., May 23, 1919.

Sphenophorus missouriensis, new variety.

Form similar to pontederiac, much smaller, depressed, color dull reddish,
natural coating thin, pruinose. Rostrum rather long, somewhat strongly
and uniformly arcuate, moderately compressed, finely carinate at middle,
scarcely produced at apex. Thorax subquadrate, subapical fossa shallow,
lateral vittae and punctation about as in glyceriae, in which it also agrees
closely in most other characters.

Length 6.5 mm.; width 2.2 mm.

Two males collected with S. glyceriae on Glyceria septentrionalis, Wood-
row, Mo., May 23, 1919 (A. F. Satterthwait).

Type No. 22,777, U. S. National Museum.

This variant differs so markedly in its more slender form, different shaped
rostrum, apparently longer legs and in lacking the natural coating as to
merit a varietal name.

Vol. 32, pp. 271-280 December 31, 1919

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE EARLY DAYS OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.^

BY L. O. HOWARD.

In 1880 the workers of forty years before seemed to us almost
prehistoric. I wonder if the workers of 1880 seem equally al-
most prehistoric to the young men of to-day. If reverence for
elders has not entirely gone from the modern world (I know it
has very largely) I can imagine that you look upon the founders
of the Biological Society of Washington with at least a touch of
that mental attribute which we used to call reverence or think of
them perhaps as rather interesting old fossils. But as I look
back the men who founded this society were very much like the
men who compose it to-day. Even the first president, Dr. Theo-
dore Gill, who was looked upon then as a man of extremely ma-
ture years, and who possessed a knowledge that only comes with
long years, was in reality only 42 years old; and most of the
others were in their twenties and thirties.

In 1880 the great concentration of scientific men in Wash-
ington was just beginning, and the great specialization was
already making its appearance. Boston was still the scientific
center of the United States, and I believe that not even the far-
sighted Baird could have foreseen what we have all seen of the
development of science under the governmental institutions in
this city. The Philosophical Society had reached its destined
repletion and was beginning to crack. The Biological Society
was one of the very first of its children to leave the parental nest.

Already the young men who founded the new society have
grown old and died, and I believe there are only two of them who
are still active members of the Society in Washington — E. A.
Schwarz and myself — curiously enough, both entomologists.

l Published by authority of the council, under a special fund.

56— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (271)

272 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

I have elsewhere spoken of the coordination between the study
of entomology and longevity, and this is perhaps another in-
stance.

Speaking of entomology, the first meeting of this society was
held in the house of an entomologist, the late Doctor Riley, but
the first paper read before the society was by an icthyologist,
the late Dr. Tarleton H. Bean.

When the society was founded I was a youngster of twenty-
two. I had been elected a member of the Philosophical Society,
but the secretary had forgotten to notify me of my election. I
was an assistant to Prof. J. H. Comstock, at that time entomolo-
gist of the Department of Agriculture with a force consisting of
Theodore Pergande, of a superannuated negro messenger with
a taste for alcoholic preservatives, and myself. One day Dr.
G. Brown Goode, young, filled with energy, and of charming
presence and manner, called at our office and invited Professor
Comstock and me to join in the movement to found the new
society. Thus I became one of the original members.

In those days scientific men not only quarrelled (which, of
course, they don't do any longer) but they absorbed the work
of their assistants in the most extraordinary manner, some of
them publicly defending this course and considering it entirely
ethical. Looking over the proceedings of the society in the early
years, we find no printed records of quarrels, but to men with
good memories the titles and the brief printed statements recall
many things which were never recorded in print and which it is
lucky, probably, were never recorded in print. Thus, at the
May 6, 1881, meeting Professor Comstock read a paper on scale
insects. The record shows that on May 20th Doctor Riley dis-
cussed this paper and was replied to by Comstock. Just what
they said has been lost. Requiescat in pace !

I attended very few of the early meetings. My evenings were
otherwise spent — not so profitably perhaps, but more pleasantly
to one in his early twenties. Undoubtedly I would have been
a better and broader biologist if I had religiously attended all
of the meetings, but I would not have had half as much fun, and
probably I gained something elsewhere which has been of equal
use to me in after life. This is heretical, but susceptible of argu-
ment.

In 1884 Doctor Riley (or rather one of his assistants — Web-

Howard — Early Days of the Biological Society. 273

ster) made an important discovery, which included not only
proof of a phytophagic habit on the part of an Hymenopterous
parasite but established an alternation of generations with the
species. Riley read a paper on the subject before the Biological
Society, and I attended at his special request. The paper was
couched in technical terms; its significance was not in the least
understood by the audience, and I made my first speech before
the society, under the head of discussion, by attempting to put
into simple words of one syllable adapted to the limited under-
standing of botanists and ornithologists and mammalogists and
paleontologists the fundamental biological importance of what
Riley, in compliment to the wise physiognomies of his audience,
had couched in polysyllabic terms of classical etymology.

The next time I was on my feet before the society, March 19,
1887, I read a paper of my own about a little aquatic insect of
the genus Hy dropsy che which makes webs under the water in
Rock Creek and catches in these webs the larvae of Simulium,
the adults of which are called buffalo gnats, or black flies, as well
as other insects. That meeting had a greater interest than this
personal one to me, since Alfred Russel Wallace was present and
discussed this particular paper, expressing his astonishment that
there existed forms which spun silk under water. Wallace was
in Washington several weeks at that time, and attended more
than one meeting of the society. His interests were very broad.
He discussed from his wealth of experience, all aspects of biology.
Unfortunately, he went into other things as well. He had al-
ready become a spiritualist, and his credulity regarding the acts
of the most transparent charlatans almost destroyed the scien-
tific idol which I had in a way worshiped since I first read "The
Malay Archipelago."

This talk is not historical ; it is simply gossipy and reminiscen-
tial, and it will necessarily be brief.

I wonder if some of those meetings would have seemed as
extraordinary to you as they seemed to us. The story has often
been told of how the society spent one whole meeting in discuss-
ing the position of the tail of the extinct Steller's sea cow, and
then followed it two weeks later with another evening on the
same topic, and then two weeks later with a third, the last of
these three meetings continuing the discussion by special vote
until half past ten' There you see were six and a half mortal

274 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

hours given up to a most intense discussion by Elliott, True,
Coues and Gill on a point which seems not to have the slightest
practical value to the world and which was finally settled in
three minutes by Doctor Dall when, at the meeting of April 19,
1890 (years later), he exhibited a map drawn by a member of
the Behring Expedition on the margin of which was a sketch
from nature showing the tail in the position in which it was said
to be by some one or more of the disputants, I don't know which.
There is another subject that came up for discussion several
times in the early years of the society, and that is as to whether
the turkey buzzard finds its food by sight or by an extraordinary
sense of smell. The first time, I think, that this subject was
brought up was in the discussion of a paper entitled " Notes
Relative to the Sense of Smell in the Turkey Buzzard, " read by
Mr. C. L. Hopkins at the meeting of December 17, 1887. As I
recollect, Mr. Hopkins was decidedly of the opinion that buz-
zards find their food by means of some extraordinary sense of
smell; but there was a long and rather heated discussion, with
the preponderance with Mr. Hopkins. Either he or one of the
other speakers, I remember, told the story of some carrion com-
pletely hidden from view by a shed or something of the sort
which attracted buzzards from great distances. But after many
remarks, the following story was told of observations made by
the late Dr. Otto Lugger. It seems that at a point on the beach
of the lower Potomac, or it may have been Chesapeake Bay,
there was a bluff a bit from the beach, and a fence running along
the bluff. The farmers had the custom of collecting the useless
fish, alewives and others, stranded on the beach or discarded
from seines, carrying them up the bluff and putting them in a
trench behind the fence, covering them with a sprinkling of
earth, and eventually using them to fertilize their fields. Now,
according to Lugger, buzzards would alight on the fence, always
facing the beach, and would stand there for hours watching the
shore for food. In the meantime the stench from the decaying
fish ten feet behind them was overpowering; yet they sat there
in their ignorance waiting for food on the beach totally uncon-
scious of the hundreds of pounds of deliciously decaying food
immediately behind them. After this story was told the argu-
ment stoppped; not another word was said, and the society ad-

Howard — Early Days of the Biological Society. 275

journed. Did it settle the question? Or was the whole story
an invention of the humorously minded Lugger?

At the meeting of April 30, 1887, the late Dr. J. H. Kidder
exhibited some specimens, among them a round ball the size of
one's fist and which was evidently composed of vegetable fibers
and fragments, and (I imagine maliciously) gave no information
about it except that it had been found on a shelf in the National
Museum. And then the members began to guess. The most
extraordinary theories were put forth. Van Deman, I remem-
ber, even thought that it might be one of the balls of hair from
the stomach of a horse. After all sorts of theories had been ad-
vanced, Doctor Kidder stated that it had been taken from the
shallow waters near the shore of one of the alkaline lakes of the
West and that it consisted of fragments of aquatic plants which
had been partially eaten by the larvae of the Ephydrid flies
which inhabit these lakes and that the balls had been formed by
wave action. I never knew whether he was right or not.

At intervals almost periodic there has arisen a discussion as
to whether the flying fish flies. It may be of interest to know
that this question was first brought up at the meeting of May
14, 1887, and that hot discussion followed in which W. B. Bar-
rows, Admiral (then Engineer) Baird, Lucas, Goode, Hallock,
Dall and Riley took part. Of course every one knows now that
flying fish can't fly, just as every one now knows that flying fish
do fly, and that the difference between the "can't " and the " do "
depends entirely upon the definition of the verb to fly!

The decade from 1880 to 1890 marks what will possibly be
known to history as the Gilbert and Sullivan era. Gilbertian
expressions were quoted everywhere, and the charming jingle
which began "The flowers that bloom in the spring tra la la have
nothing to do with the case" may have suggested to that pro-
found sociologist and eminent paleo-botanist, Lester F. Ward,
the title of a paper which he read February 8, 1890, "The Flow-
ers that Bloom in the Winter." In spite of the Gilbertian insig-
nificance of the flowers of spring, Professor Ward's comments
on the flowers that bloomed in the extraordinary winter of 1890
will be found of especial interest this year if the Washington
botanists took the trouble to list the plants that flowered during
the still more remarkable winter of 1918-19; but, as the botan-

276 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

ists now have their own society and have little to do any more
with the Biological Society, how are we others to know?

In the spring of 1893 (meeting of April 22) 0. F. Cook, then
recently back from Liberia, read a paper on the natural history
of that interesting colony of expatriated Afro-Americans. In
talking of the termites, he referred to the fact that the queen
lays eggs at the rate of about eight hundred thousand or more
a day. This happened to be, I think, the only meeting in the
history of the society which was attended by the well-known
chemist, Dr. H. W. Wiley. Whether he was drowsy and lost
track of the subject, and simply caught the word eggs and the
number, or whether he intended to be humorous as usual, he
nudged me and said in a whisper, "By George, what a fortune,
with eggs at twenty-five cents a dozen!" I tell this story not
only because it happened, but to remind you that there was once
a time when hens' eggs only cost twenty-five cents a dozen.

Before this there was an interesting situation at the meeting
of February 7, 1891, when Henry Fairfield Osborn came over
from New York and gave a talk on cretaceous mammals. He
was showing how a fossil jaw-bone on which Prof. 0. C. Marsh
had founded a new family, and a part of a skull on which the
same authority had founded another family, and some back
teeth on which he had founded a genus or some other division,
and some front teeth on which he had founded another genus or
some other division, all belonged, not to the same skull, but to
the same species. I was much embarrassed in the course of this
interesting exposition when the door of the assembly room
opened and Professor Marsh walked in. I did not know that
he was in Washington. As a matter of fact, my embarrassment
was not shared by Osborn, who I think rather welcomed a dis-
cussion of his paper. But before he finished the door opened
again and Professor Marsh went out. Was he angry? I don't
know.

Not long ago, at one of our meetings, when General Wilcox
presented to the society, for Colonel Roosevelt, a copy of one of
the latter's books I told briefly the story of the only appearance
before the society of the only naturalist President of the United
States. It is worth repeating and perhaps may be made a mat-
ter of permanent record. When the program committee of the
society was arranging the papers for the meeting of May 8, 1897,

Howard — Early Days of the Biological Society. 277

Mr. Roosevelt, then Assistant Secretary of the Navy, had re-
cently published a letter in Science criticising C. Hart Merriam's
classification of the big game animals of America, not neces-
sarily from the standpoint of the systematic zoologist, but from
the viewpoint of a hunter, claiming that Merriam went into
too many refined details, and that many of the points known to
old trappers and hunters should be taken into consideration in
basing a classification. Having this letter in mind, Merriam
told the program committee that he would give a talk on big
game animals at the May 9th meeting if Mr. Roosevelt could be
induced to be present and to discuss the paper. So it was ar-
ranged. I was president of the Biological Society at that time,
and after the meeting (in the old hall of the Cosmos Club) was
opened Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. W. Hallett Phillips came in at
the back end of the hall — rather conspicuous because they were
the only persons in the room in evening dress — and listened with
intentness to Merriam's talk, in which, of course, he riddled
Roosevelt's argument in Science. It was a long and very inter-
esting address. At its conclusion I invited Mr. Roosevelt, al-
though he was not a member of the society, to take part in the
discussion, whereupon he and Phillips came to the front, Phillips
sitting in a front seat, and Roosevelt began to talk. He made
a very forceful argument from his viewpoint and from that obvi-
ously of other hunters, and rather staggered some of the really
scientific men in the audience by the cogency of his reasoning.
He talked at length, as was customary with him, and the hour
of adjournment (10 o'clock) came before he had finished, but by
unanimous vote he was allowed to proceed until he was satisfied.
He sat down after having made a distinct impression on his
scientific and rather critical audience. Merriam asked for five
minutes in which to reply, in the course of which he completely
demolished the Rooseveltian argument, and there was nothing
more to be said. It was a memorable meeting, and no one who
was there will ever forget it. Most of us saw Roosevelt for the first
time then, and were greatly impressed by him. Among the
taxonomists present there were, of course, lumpers as well as
splitters, and the lumpers got some satisfaction from the future
President's arguments.

It is only rarely that I tell a story in which one of the charac-
ters is anonymous, but the circumstances connected with this

278 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

one are such that I fear I must not mention the name of a very
well known speaker who was invited to address the society during
the early nineties, but whose remarks were disappointing in that
he started off with a profound introduction and then proceeded
to elaborate his thesis in a manner which was characteristic of
the man and which by no means upheld his well-founded scien-
tific reputation. The meeting adjourned, and as I passed out
of the room, Dr. Theobald Smith, touching shoulders with me,
said, "Did that talk remind you of one of the Chinese puzzle
boxes?" "No, why?" I said. "Why you must know those
trick boxes where you work for a while and finally open it, and
then find another box inside, and you work for a while and open
that and find another, and you keep on opening boxes until down
in the middle there is a very small insignificant box." Of course
I was delighted with this, and going into the adjoining room in
the Cosmos Club found Dr. G. Brown Goode sitting there sipping
from a tall glass. I told him this incident with great joy, and
had no sooner completed it than I was horrified because it sud-
denly occurred to me that the speaker of the evening was a
former teacher of Goode. However, I need not have worried,
because he smiled his genial smile and said, "I peeked into the
room and saw that Blank was getting confidential with his audi-
ence, and so came in here and ordered a bottle of beer."

All of these incidents occurred at least nearly 30 years ago.
Many strange things, however, have come up in our meetings
in more recent times, as for example :

Extract from Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington Janu-
ary 20, 1906:

Dr. Albert Mann related a case of the capture and raising from the floor
of a snake by a spider in Pennington (N. J.) Seminary.

Dr. Mann apparently did not explain what the snake was
doing in the seminary! Dr. Mann is always entertaining and
scientifically veracious when he talks of Diatoms, and in this
story he was surely entertaining.

But enough of these stories. Since those very early days the
Biological Society has swollen and cracked and given out satil-
lites, just as did the old Philosophical Society. The entomologists
broke away first, then the botanists, and now the Aquarium
Society has been founded, and the Naturalists Field Club has

Howard — Early Days of the Biological Society. 279

been in existence for a long period, and I can see that the mam-
malogists, the ornithologists and the herpetologists and the mal-
acologists will, before many years, be founding their own local
organizations (the helminthologists already have one). But if
they remain satellites and circle around the old parent body we
shall not complain. Most of the special workers, however, fail
to see the advantage of the broadening out which the meetings
of the Biological Society can give them. For myself, I am an
entomologist all day long and every day in the week — I am liv-
ing with entomology. But I am not a biologist unless I not only
read along other lines but unless I go to the meetings of this so-
ciety; and I enjoy it honestly, more than any other society. I
like to hear Hay, Jr., talk about his turtles; I enjoy Hitchcock
when he lectures on grasses ; when Lyon talks bacteria my mind
is open; when the elder Hay comes in with a monstrous fossil I
listen with the same pleasure as when Palmer exhibits one of his
perennial finds along the shores of Chesapeake Bay even if I am
somewhat saddened by his pained expression of countenance
whenever he speaks in public; and the other Palmer in his new
side line of the history of science is intensely interesting, and I
leave every meeting feeling perfectly convinced that if I were
taken away from Washington one of the things which I should
most mourn would be my inability to attend every one of these
meetings. I fail entirely to understand why others of the older
members of the society have not this same feeling.

INDEX

New names are printed in heavy type.

Abramis erysoleucas 59

Acalypha virginica. — 130

Acer rubrum 131

saccharinum 131

Achillea millefolium.. 130

Achirus fasciatus 72

Achyranthes crassifolia.. 241

Acipenser brevirostrum. — 53

fulvescens 52

sturio 52

Acoenites— 48

JEsopus sanctus 250

Agelaius floridanus 196

Agrostis hyemalis 129

Alcedo grandis 22

megalia 22

Alnus glutinosa 131

rugosa 131

Alosa sapidissima.. 55

Alsophila scabriuscula 125

Amblodon bubalus._ — 63

Ambloplites rupestris 67

Amblytelinae 48

Ameiurus catus 56

melas 57

natalis 56

nebulosus. 56

nigrilabris 57

Amiatus calvus . 53

Ammocrypta pellucida 70

Ammotrecha tabogana 211

Amphidromus canabunganensis 182

secamensis 182

webbi 183

Ana?retes agraphia 263

Anaphothrips speciosus 76

Anas percna 93

Anderson, R. M. Recent Zoological

Exploration in the Western Arctic xii

Anguilla rostrata 65

Anoa 45

Anuraphis bakeri - 186

crataegefoliae 186

Apeltes quadracus 67

Aphelocoma 136

Aphidius 48

Aphrastobraconini 48

Aphredoderus sayanus 67

Aplodinotus grunniens 71

Arabis 132

Asarcia— 200

Asemothrips 83

picturatus 83

Aster cordifolius._ _ 130

linariifolius 130

patens 130

Athysanus miniaturatus 26

pi rat us 26

Atlapetes majusculus 113

Attila cinereus... 127

rufus. 127

Azalea nudiflora 130

Bailey, Vernon. The Western Skunk

Cabbage in its Prime.- x

The Explorations of Maximil-
ian, Prince of Wied, on the Upper

Missouri in 1833 xii

The Bean Mouse of Lewis and

Clark, Maximilian, and Others, il-
lustrated by Living Specimens of
this and other Small Rodents of

North Dakota xv

Baird, G. W. Exhibition of a Collec-
tion of Seaweeds xiv

275

Baird, S. iZZZZZZZZZZZZZ! 271
Baker, A. C. Intermediates in the
Aphididae and their Relation to
Alternate Hosts xi

Fitch's Thorn Leaf Aphis. 185-186

Barbour, Thomas. A New Rock Igu-
ana from Porto Rico 145-148

Barrows, W. B 275

Bartsch, Paul. Note on Annual Visits

of a Purple Finch xi

— Notes on the Tameness of

Some Red-breasted Nuthatches xiii

Results of Cerion Breeding .... xiii

Critical Remarks on Philip-
pine Island Landshells with De-
scriptions of New Forms 15-20

Critical Remarks on Philip-
pine Island Land Shells 177-184

Two New Landshells from

California 247-248

Basileuterus superciliaris 265

Bean, T. H 272

Blake, S. F. A New Salvia from Guat-
emala 187-188

New Plants from Sinaloa.. 189-194

Boleichthys fusiformis 71

Boleosoma nigrum 70

olmstedL_ 70

Bothriechis._ 214

Brachycyrtinae 198

Brevoortia tyrannus 55

Bubalus 45

By-Laws, Amendment to x

Callimerus albescens. 232

albus 233

arcufer 233

basilanicus 231

bornensis. 228

fenestratus 232

flavus 233

fuscitarsus._ 230

hexagonus 229

intricatus 227

lateralis 230

luzonicus 230

cculatus 229

57— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919.

(281)

282 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Callimerus parvus 227

princeps 227

terminalis - 234

Campethera punctata 8

punctuligera 8

Campostoma anomalum 57

Canutinae 200

Capnoides 132

Capsella bursa-pastoris 131

Carassius auratus 73

Careharias taurus..._ 72

Cardamine hirsuta— - 129

Carpiodes carpio 63

cutisanserinus 63

cyprinus._ 63

difformis 63

thompsoni , 63

velifer.- 63

Carrier, Lyman. Dr. John Mitchell as

an Early Naturalist and Historian ix

Catamenia griseiventris 267

Catostomus catostomus 63

commersonnii 63

nigricans 64

Celebration of Sixth Centenary Meet-
ing of the Society xiv

Celeus degener 116

Centronyx 141

Cerastium viscosum 131

Ceratichthys vigilax 59

Chaenobryttus gulosus... 73

Chamberlin, Raich V. A New Texan

Parajulus 119-120

A New Solpugid from Pana-
ma 211-212

Chapin, Edward A. New Species of
Coleoptera (Fam. Cleridae) from
the Philippine and Neighboring
Regions, Collected by Prof.

Charles F. Baker 225-234

Chapman, Frank M. Descriptions of
Proposed New Birds from Peru,
Bolivia. Brazil, and Colombia-253-268
Chase, Agnes. Oil Grasses and their

Use in Perfumery xi

Cheilanthes castanea Ill

Chittenden, F. H. Notes on Sphen-

ophorus (Coleoptera) 269-270

Chrosomus eos 58

erythrogaster 58

Chrysosplenium americanum._ 131

Cirsium oreganum 43

Cistothorus fulvescens 114

Clark, Austin H. Some Necessary
Changes in Crustacean Nomencla-
ture 199

Claytonia virginica 131

Cochlostyla antiqua 17

balabarensis 178

bancalanensis 181

cinerosa 177

culionensis 181

graellsi 180

higginsi 178

mantangulensis 180

negrosa 18

palavanensis 179

pandana. 18

sarcinosa. 18

tagbayugana 179

tayasana 16

tidepolensis— 1 79

trailli ■- 177

turgens 18

ulugana 178

weberi 181

Coeliniinae 48

Coker, R. E. Exhibited a publication

The life History of the Blue Crab., xiv

Compsothlypidae 46

Comstock, .1. H.._ 272

Conurus abbotti 29

Cook, O. F 276

Coregonus clupeaformis 55

Corniger. 199

Cornus florida 130

Cory, Charles B. A Review of Reichen-
bach's Genera Siptornis and Cran-
ioleuca, with Descriptions of New
Allied Genera and a Subgenus. 149-160
■ — The Relationships and Geo-
graphical Distribution of the Spe-
cies and Races Belonging to the

Genus Rhynchocyclus 217-224

Corythaica 98

acuta 100

bellula 100

carinata 100

costata 99

monacha 99

Cottus gracilis 71

ictalops 71

Coues, E 274

Coville, F. V. Note on a Vine 1,134

Feet in Length xiii

The Strange Story of the Box

Huckleberry xiii

Cranioleuca— 150

affinis 155

albicapilla - 157

albiceps 157

alopecias 152

antissiensis 156

arequipae— 154

baeri - 154

baroni 156

cisandina 156

curtata 156

debilis - 157

d'Orbignyii 154

erythrops 157

fiavogularis 155

furcata. 156

graminicola 157

griseogularis 157

gutturata— 157

hellmayri 156

heterocerca 153

heterura 155

hilereti 156

humicola 153

humilis- ,. 154,158

marayniocensis 158

modesta 155

mulleri 152

neglecta 154

pallida 153,156

patagonica— _ 156

pudibunda.- 154, 155

robusta 158

rostrata 155

rufigenis 157

ruticilla 153

sajamae 155

sordida 155

steinbachi 153

striaticeps 153

striaticollis 157

subcristata 152

sulphurifera 153

vulpina 152

wyatti 157

Cristiger 199

Cristivomer namaycush 55

Crotalus stejnegeri 214

tigris 215

Cryptantha suffruticosa 42

Cryptonatica aleutica 251

Index.

283

Cryptothrips acanthus 88

claripennis 90

Crypturus idoneus 117

Cuapetes 199

Cuculus bangsi 22

minor 22

Curaeus aterrimus 128

curaeus 128

Cyoleptus elongatus 62

Cyclura 145-147

portoricensis 146

Cyprinus carpio 73

Cytisus scoparius 131

D

Dall, W. H. Reminiscences [of the

Early Days of the Society] xiv

New Shells from the North-
west Coast.__ 249-252

274, 275

Dearborn, N. Note on the Choice of

Nesting Place of a Pair of Blue-
birds xi

Deconychura minor 116

Deltocephalus spinosus.- 26

Dendropicos elachus 8

minutus 8

Dicruropsis montana 94

Dipodomys berkeleyensis 204

eximius 205

jolonensis 203

sanctiluciae - 204

Dolichocysta.- 101

constricta 103

densata..... 102

magna 102

venusta... 102

Dorosoma cepedianum 54

Draba verna 131

Draeculacephala soluta 25

Dromia caput-mortuum 197

dormia 197

Dromidiopsis edwardsi 197

Dunn, E. R. Two New Crotaline

Snakes from Western Mexico ...213-216
D wight, Jonathan. Description of a

New Race of the Western Gull 11-14

E

Echium vulgare 130

Elliott, H. W.._ 274

Enneacanthus gloriosus 68

obesus 68

Ensiger 199

F.ntosphenus aepypterus 52

Epigaea repens 132

Epiphragmophora awania 247

miwoka 248

Erechtites hieracifolia 131

Ericymba buccata 61

Erimyzon oblongus 64

Esox americanus 65

lucius 65

masquinongy 65

tridecemlineatus.- 65

vermiculatus 65

Etheostoma blennioides 70

Eucalia inconstans 67

Eucerinae 48

Eulamia milberti 72

Eumyias 47

Euphorbia corollata 130

Euscarthmus gularis 128

rufilatus 128

Eusiptornoides 150

Evania 48

Evermann, B. W. Letter from xiv

Excalfactoria palmeri 93

Exoglossum maxillingua 62

F

Falciger 199

Field, G. W. Observations on the
Heath Hen, with Lantern Slide

illustrations.- xii

Forsythia spp 132

Fowler, Henry W. A List of the Fishes

of Pennsylvania 49-74

Fragaria virginiana 130

Francolinus chinensis 21

pintadeanus 21

Frugilegus 141

frugilegus.- 141

Fuligulinae 48

Fundulus diaphanus 66

macrolepidotus.- 66

menona 66

G

Galium._ 132

Gargaphia tiliae 165

Gasterosteus aculeatus 67

Gecinus striolatus 8

Gibson, Edmund H. Five New Spe-
cies of Jassoidea from Honduras

(Hemiptera: Homoptera) 25-28

The Genera Corythaica St&l

and DolichocystaChampion (Tingi-

dae: Heteroptera) 97-104

Gidley, J. W. The Significance of the
Divergence of the First Digit in
the Primitive Mammalian Foot... ix

Notice of a Large Canid from

the Cumberland Cave Deposits... xi

Gill, T. N. 271, 274

Goode, G. Brown 272, 275, 278

Grallaria alticola. 115

watkinsi 255

Grallaricula boliviana 257

Grinnell, Joseph. Four New Kangaroo
Rats from West-Central Cali-
fornia 203-206

Gutsell, J. S. Use of Selective Screens

in Studies of Oyster Larvae xiii

H

Hadropterus aspro 70

macrocephalus 70

peltatus.. 70

phoxocephalus 70

Hallock, C 275

Halobaena caerulea. 201

vittata 201

Hamamelis virginiana 130

Hanna, G. Dallas. Additions to the
Avifauna of the Pribilof Islands,
Including Species New to North

America x

Haplothrips angustus ._.— 77

Harper, Francis. A New Subspecies
of Prunella modularis from the Py-
renees.- 243-244

Hay, O. P 279

Hay, W. P. Note on Saracenia pur-
purea in the District of Columbia.. x

279

Helleborus niger._ 131

Hemiglypta webbi 15

Hemipus hirundinaceus 240

obscurus 240

Hepatica triloba 129, 131

284 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Hiodon alveoides 53

tergisus 54

Hitchcock, A. S. A Peculiar Species of

Lasiacis ix

Comments upon Chapman's

Birds of Colombia x

Exhibit of Recent Botanical

Works xi

Note on the Representation of

Biology upon the National Council

of Research xii

Note on the Proposed List of

Generic Names of Plants, to be
Prepared by the Botanical Society

of America.- ix

Comment on a Vine 1,134

Feet in Length xiii

Note on the Forthcoming

Flora of the District of Columbia., xiii

Hoffman, I. N. Note on the Nesting

Habits of Shufeldt's Junco x

Note on the Reported Obser-
vation of Whooping Cranes in
Texas xiii

Hollister, N. Note on Ovipositing by
an Indian Python at the National
Zoological Park xi

Relative Abundance of Water

Fowl in Wisconsin xiv

The Generic Names Anoa and

Bubalus 45

A New Name for the Wild

Sheep of Northeastern China 46

Hood, J. Douglas. Two New Genera
and Thirteen New Species of Aus-
tralian Thysanoptera 75-92

Hopkins, A. D. Comments on Chap-
man's Birds of Colombia x

The Bio-Climatic Law xv

Hopkins, C. L 274

Houstonia angustifolia 130

caerulea 130

purpurea 130

Howard, L. O. Note on Prof. L. F.
Ward's Publication on Blossoming

out of season ix

Note on the Spread of the Eu-
ropean Corn Borer in Massachu-
setts and New York xi

Note on the Introduction of

an American Wasp, the Horse
Guard, into Algeria xii

Note on the Expected Arrival

of the Seventeen-year Cicada xii

■ Early Days of the Society xiv

Presentation of Letter from

B. W. Evermann xiv

Announcement of Meeting of

the Engineering Council xiv

271

Recollections of the Early

Days of the Society 271-280

Howell, A. Brazier. A New Cotton

Rat from Arizona 161-162

Howell, Arthur H. Descriptions of
Nine New North American Pi-

kas 105-1 10

Hubbs, Carl L. An American Floun-
der, Limanda beanii, Referred to

the Genus Poecilopsetta 163-164

Hybognathus argyritis 58

nuchalis 58

regius 58

Hybopsis dissimilis 62

kentuckiensis 62

storerianus 62

Hylemyia montana 134

winnemana 210

Hylocryptus 258

Hylocryptus erythrocephalus 259

Hylopezus pallidior 115

Hymetta 121

albata 123

anthisma 123

balteata 123

trifasciata 123

I

Ichthyomyzon concolor 52

Ictalurus furcatus 56

punctatus 56

Icteriidae._ 46

Iyngipicus auritus 8

pygmaeus 7

J

Jacana 200

Jackson, Hartley H. T. The Wiscon-
sin Napaeozapus 9-10

An Unrecognized Shrew from

Warren Island, Alaska 23-24

Jasminum nudiflorum 132

K

Kalmia latifolia 130

Keleher, Edith R. Notes on the Chim-
ney-building Habits of the Cicada

Nymph xii

Kidder, J. H 275

Knipolegus comatus 127

lophotes 127

L

Labidesthes sicculus 66

Lachesis barbouri.___ 213

Laomenes 199

Laphystiopsis iridometrae 245

Larus barrovianus 173

livens 1 1

Leda lomaensis 249

Lepidium virginicum._ 130, 131

Lepisosteus osseus 53

platostomus 53

Lepomis auritus 68

cyanellus 68

incisor 68

macrochirus 68

megalotis 68

I.eptasthenura exterior 115

Leptopoma cotabatensis 18

weeksi 19

Leptops olivaria 57

Leucichthys artedi._ 55

sisco 55

Leuciscus carletoni 59

elongatus 59

margarita 59

vandoisulus 59

Leucolepis assimilis 114

propinquus 114

Limanda beanii 163

Limicola falcinella 140

platyrhyncha 140

Lincoln, F. C. Some Notes on the
Plumage of the Male Florida Red-
wing (Agelaius p. floridanus).... 196-197

Lonicera japonica._ 130

Lora babylonia 250

Lota maculosa 72

Lucas, F. A xiv, 275

Lucinoma densilirata 249

Lugger, Otto.__ 274

Lumbriculus inconstans 38

Lyon, M. W., Jr. Isohemoagglutinin

Groups of Men__ x

„ 279

Index.

2S5

M

Macateeia 1

protubcrans ._ 1

Malloch, J. R. One New Genus and
Two New Species of Anthomyiidae
from the Vicinity of Washington,
D. C. (Diptera) 1-4

Two New North American

Anthomyiidae (Diptera) 133-134

Some New Eastern Anthomyii-
dae (Diptera) 207-210

Mann, Albert. Woods Hole Diatoms,

with Lantern Slide Illustrations... xii

278

Marilinae. 48

Marsh, O. C 276

Maxon, W. R. Exhibition and Re-
marks on a Fungus of the Genus
Mitromyces xii

Do Both Sexes of Birds Sing? xii

A New Cheilanthes from

Mexico 111-112

A New Alsophila from Guate-
mala and Vera Cruz 125-126

McAtee, W. L. Note on the Early
Blossoming of Spring Flowers and
the First Blossoming of Autumn
Flowers . ----- ix

Notes from a Publication

(1783-4) on Cotton and Peanut
Raising Around Washington x

An Account of the Poisonous

Sumachs, Rhus Poisoning, and
Remedies therefor x

A New Genus for Tettigonia

trifasciata Say (Homoptera; Eu-
pterygidae) 121-124

Summary of Notes on Winter

Blooming at Washington, D. C. 129-132

Mecocerculus notatus 114

subtropicalis 262

Megalurus celebensis 94

Megerlia monstruosa 251

Melanoclerus - 226

parvus 227

Melilotus alba 130

Merolidinae 198

Merriam, C. H 277

Mesogonistuis cha>todon._ 68

Mesoporodrilus 34

asymmetricus 35

lacustris 35

Micropterus dolomieu 68

salmoides.- 69

Micropus andecolus 254

peruvianus._ 253

Mimus antelius 128

lividus 128

Mionectes columbianus 264

Mniotiltidae 46

Mollugo verticillata 130

Monasa atra 22

nigra—- 22

Morone americana— 71

interrupta 73

Moxostoma anisurum 64

aureolum 64

breviceps 64

duquesnii... 64

macrolepidotum 64

Mydaea winnemana 133

Myiobius semiflavus 114

Myioborus bolivianus 265

N

Napaeozapus frutectanus 9

Nelson, E. W. Dallia pectoralis, Alas-
ka's Most Remarkable Fish x

Nelson, E. W. Note on a Double-
headed Snake xii

Nodulns palmeri 251

Nonnula pallescens 116

Norton, J. B. A New and Easy Way

to Recognize our Local Asters.- ix

Notropis amarus 60

amoenus 61

analostanus 60

atherinoides 61

bifrenatus 59

boops 60

chalybaeus 61

cornutus 60

deliciosus 60

hudsonius 60

jejunus._ 61

keimi 60

photogenis 61

procne 60

rubrifrons 61

whipplii 60

Noturus flavus 57

Numeniinae 200

Nyctelea ambigua 143

O

Oberholser, Harry C. Note on Orni-
thological Activities in 1918 xi

Reply to Query, Do both

Sexes of Birds Sing? xii

Note on the Appearance of

Vol. 1, No. 1, Journal of Mam-
malogy.- xiv

Note on a New Contribution

to Ornithological Methods in a
Paper Entitled Bird Banding by
Systematic Trapping, by S. Pren-
tiss Baldwin xv

Mutanda Ornithologica. V.. 7-8

VI _ 21-22

VII 127-128

VIII 239-240

Description of a New Conu-

rus from the Andaman Islands 29-32

The Family Name of the

American Wood Warblers 46

Eumyias versus Stoporala 47

Passerherbulus leconteii (Au-
dubon) becomes Passerherbulus
caudacutus (Latham) 47

The Proper Orthography of

the Generic Name Phoethornis
Swainson 48

The Status of the Subfamily

Name Fuligulinae 48

The Status of the Subgenus

Sieberocitta Coues 135-138

Spizella arborea the Proper

Name for the Tree Sparrow 139

The Proper Name for Limi-

cola platyrhyncha (Temmimck). ... 140

The Taxonomic Position of

the Genus Ramphalcyon 140

The Status of the Genus Cen-

tronyx Baird 141

The Generic Name of the

Rook 141

The Status of Larus hyper-

boreus barrovianus Ridgway... 173-176

Pagophila eburnea versus Pag-

ophila alba. 199

The Status of the Genus Asar-

cia Sharpe 200

The Names of the Subfami-
lies of Scolopacidae 200

Notes on the Names of Halo-

baena caerulea and Prion vittatus.. 201

286 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Ochotona brunnescens 108

fumosa._ 109

fuscipes 1 10

incana 107

jewetti 109

lemhi 106

lutescens 105

nevadensis 107

ventorum 106

Odontophorus variegatus 116

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha 72

Ophisaurus harti— 142

Orgilinae 198

Orthognathellinae 198

Osborn, H. F 276

Osgood, W. H. Notes on the Recent
Meeting of the American Ornitholo-
gists' Union xiv

Osmerus mordax 56

Otopappus salazari 192

Ovis comosa 46

jubata 46

P

Pachycephala pluviosa 95

Pagophila alba 199

eb'urnea 199

Palmer, T. S. Note on a Rare New
Caledonian Bird, the Kagu (Rhy-
nochetos jubatus) xi

Note on the Number of Bison

in North America xi

Note on Ornithological Activi-
ties in Germany during the War... xii

The Discoverer of the Toothed
Birds of Kansas xiii

Notice of Forthcoming Meet-
ing of the American Ornitholo-
gists' Union in New York xiii

Note on the Grave of Dr.

David Hosack, in Marble Ceme-
tery, New York xiii

Note on the Marking of the

Grave of Rafinesque inPhiladelphia xiii

The Proceedings of the Society xiv

Note on the Present Status

of Osborn's Caribou xv

Exhibition of a Copy of a New

Journal, Journal of the Wild Bird

Investigation Society xv

Note on a List of the Mammals

of Siam, by Nils Gyldenstolpe xv

Presented W. L. Sclater, of

London xv

279

Palmer, W. Note on the Chimney-
building Habits of the Cicada
Nymphs xii

Reply to Query, Do Both

Sexes of Birds Sing? xiii

Remarks on the Causes and

Biological Effects of Tidal Condi-
tions in Chesapeake Bay xiii

Notes on the Local Occurrence

of the Wood Tortoise xiii

279

Pantellaria 251

Parajulus ligifer 119

Parsonsia blepharophylla 190

Passerherbulus caudacutus 47

leconteii 47

Penstemon deserticola 43

Perca flavescens 69

Percina caprodes 69

Percopsis omiscomaycus 66

Pergande, Theodore. 272

Pericilmenes 199

Perilitinae 48

Perymenium stenophyllum 191

Petaloconchus montereyensis 250

Petromyzon marinus 52

Phacellodomus griseipectus 258

Phaethornis.__ 48

Phaonia aberrans 208

flavibasis 208

rufibasis._ 207

winnemanae 3

Pheucticus terminalis 266

Phillips, W. H 277

Phlox divaricata. 130

subulata 132

Phcenicothraupis coccinea 113

Phoethornis 48

Picus xanthopygius 8

Pimephales notatus 58

promelas 58

Piper, Charles V. New Pacific Coast

Plants 41-44

Pipra flammiceps 115

minuscula 115

Piptothrix sinaloae 190

Pitta atricapilla 239

sordida ,. 239

Placopharynx carinatus 64

Platytriccus neglectus._ 114

Poa annua.- 131

pratensis 131

Podothrips xanthopus 82

Pcecilichthys coeruleus 71

flabellaris. 71

maculatus 71

variatus 70

zonalis 71

Poecilopsetta 163

beanii 164

Polygala sinaloae 189

Polyodon spathula 53

Pomatomus saltatrix 73

Pomolobus aestivalis 54

chrysochloris 54

mediocris 54

pseudoharengus 54

Pomotis gibbosus— 68

Pomoxis annularis 67

sparoides 67

Populus alba 131

Potamocarcinus dunoonensis. — 6

Prion forsteri 201

vittatus. 201

Proterocryptini..._ 198

Prunella mabbotti 243

Pseudosiptornis 150

ottonis 153

Pseudothelphusa iturbei 5

martensis 5

R

Raja ocellata 72

Ramnhaleyon 140

Ramphalryoninae ..„ '. 140

Ranunculus abortivus 129

repens 131

Rathbun, Mary J. Three New South

American River-crabs 5-6

A New Name for a Dromiid

Crab - 197

Rhinichthys atronasus. — 61

cataractae. — 61

Rhynchocyclus...... 217

sequatorialis 219

asemus 219

assimilis 217

berlepschi 218

borbae 223

cherriei.- 218

cinereiceps._ 219

Index.

287

Rhynohocyclus exortivus 218

flaviventris 222

flavo-olivaceus 218

flavotectus 220

grisescens 221

klagesi 221

marginatus - 219

niegacephalus 220

peruvianus 219

poliocephalus 220

sclateri— 221

sulphurescens 217

viridiceps.- 222

Rilev, C. V 272, 273, 275

Riley, J. H. Six New Birds from Cele-
bes and Java 93-96

Riparia chinensis 239

sinensis 239

Roccus chrysops — 71

lineatus 71

Roosevelt, T 276, 277

Rose, J. N. Botanical Explorations in

Ecuador.- - x

Rubus villosus 129

Rynchops nigra 195

Sabatia angularis 130

Safford, W. E. Comment on a Vine

1,134 Feet in Length xiii

Plants Used in the Arts and

Industries of Ancient America xiii

Salix babylonica 131

Salmo clarkii 71

fario 72

irideus 72

salar 72

sebago 72

Salvelinus fontinalis 55

Salvia hempsteadiana 187

Sambucus canadensis 132

Scaphirhynchus platorynchus 53

Scardinius erythrophthalmus 73

Schilbeodes gyrinus 57

insignis 57

miurus 57

Scirtothrips australiae 75

Sclater, W. L. Addressed the Society
on the Subject of an Authoritative

List of Birds - xv

Scolopacinae 200

Schwarz, E. A 271

Semotilus atromaculatus.- 58

bullaris. 58

Senecio. 132

Setochalcis noctithera 235

Shoemaker, Clarence R. A New Am-

phipod Parasitic on a Crinoid .245-246
Shufeldt, R. W. Notes on the Presence
of Saracenia purpurea in and near
the District of Columbia, and Ex-
periments Affecting its Structure... x

Note and Exhibition of a

Second Double-headed Tortoise
and Double-headed Snake xii

Exhibition of Living Speci-
mens of Young and Adult Wood
Tortoises (Clemmysinsculpta) xiii

Exhibition of Living Young

of the Southern Soft-shelled Tur-
tle, Amyda ferox, with Notes on
this Group of Turtles xiv

Sidalcea nelsoniana 41

Sieberocitta.- 135

Sigmodon cienegae 161

Siptornis 149

Siptornoides 150

Siptornoides anthoides 158

flammulata 159

hudsoni 158, 159

lilloi 158

maculicauda 159

maluroides 158

multistriata 159

punensia 159

quindiana 159

taczanowskii 159

virgata 159

Siplornopsis 150

hypochondriacus 153

Skeneopsis alaskana 251

Smith, Frank. Lake Superior Lumbri-
culids, including Verrill's Lumbri-
cus lacustris 33-40

Smith, Hugh M. Note on the Unusual

Blossoming of Spring Flowers ix

Note on the Right Whale.

with Exhibition of Baleen, and
Note on the Use of Whale Meat as
Human Food x

Exhibition of Drawings of the

Deep Sea Fish, Gargariscus semi-
datus xi

Exhibition and Note on an Ex-
ceedingly Small Fish, Lucania or-
nata, from a Fresh Water Lake in
Georgia xiii

Notice of the Unveiling of a

Monument to Surgeon-General
George Miller Sternberg xiii

Exhibition of Copy of Coker's

Freshwater Mussels and the Mus-
sel Industry of the United States... xiv

Note on the Proposed Cruise

of the U. S. Fisheries Steamer " Al-
batross " xiv

Note on the Finding of a

Bearded Hair Seal (Erignathus
barbatus) on St. George Island,
Alaska xiv

Note on a New Nesting Place

for Swans xv

Smith, Theobald.__ 278

Solidago bicolor 130

caesia 130

erecta 130

racemosa 130

Sorex malitiosus 23

Sphenophorus callosipennis 269

costicollis..._ 269

glyceriae 270

missouriensis 270

reticulaticoLlis 270

Spizella arborea 139

monticola 139

Stachys caurina 42

confertiflora 42

macrantha 43

Standley, Paul C. A New Nyctelea

Name.... 143

Two New Species of Plants

from Cuba 241-242

Stantoninae 198

Stellaria aquatica.- 129

media 132

Stejneger, Leonhard. The "Glass-
snake" of Formosa 142

Stiles, C. W. Note on the Grave of
Dr. E. A. De Schweinitz in Win-
ston-Salem, N. C xiii

Note on the Occurrence of the

Manatee (Trichechus manatus)
near Wilmington, N. C xiii

Stizostedion oanadense 69

vitreum 69

Stoparola 47

288 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Stoparola melanops 240

Stoporala 47

thalassina 240

Strongylura acus 66

marina 66

Swales, B. H. A Former Record of
the Heath Hen (Tympanuchus
cupido) at Washington, D. C 198

Symploearpus foetidus 131

Symposium on " What Kind of Char-
acters Distinguish a Species from
a Subdivision of a Species" xi

Synallaxis piurae 257

T

Tachyphonus metallactus. 240

rufiventris 240

Tanacetum vulgare 131

Taraxacum officinale 132

Taylor, Walter P. Note on the Olym-
pic Elk in the State of Washington xi

Note on the Organization of

the American Society of Mammal-
ogists xii

Note on Dr. J. G. Cooper's

Scientific Investigations on the
Pacific Coast xii

A New Pocket Gopher from

Western Washington 169-172

Tettigonia dyeri 25

Teuchothrips.__ 86

badiipennis 87

simplicipennis._ 86

Thomomys tacomensis 169

Thripobrotus bolivianus 262

madeiras 261

Thymallus tricolor 72

Tillus mindanensis 225

nitidicollis 226

Todd, W. E. Clyde. Descriptions of
Apparently New Colombian

Birds 113-118

Torrubia insularis 241

Totaninae.. .". 200

Totanus erythropus._ 21

maculatus 21

Trichothrips connexus '.. 84

Trifolium pratense— 130

Tringinae 200

Tritonalia beta 250

Trochomorpha pagbilaoensis 16

True, F. W 274

True, R. H. Bernardin de Sainte Pierre

as a Plant Ecologist xi

Trypanocorax 141

Tympanuchus cupido 198

U

Ulmus americana 131

Umbra limi... 65

pygmaea 66

V

Vaccinium stamineum..._ 130

Van Deman, H. E 275

Venericardia nodulosa 249

Veniliornis chocoensis 116

Verbesina ortegae 191

Veronica 132

officinalis 130

Viereck, Henry L. Additions and Cor-
rections to " A List of Families and
Subfamilies of Ichneumon-flies or
the Super Family Ichneumonoidea

(Hymenoptera) " 48

— Additions to " A List of Fami-
lies and Subfamilies of Ichneumon-
flies or the Superfamily Ichneumon-
oidea (Hymenoptera) 198

Viola pedata 130

striata 130

W

Wallace, A. R 273

Ward, L. F 275

Webster, F. M 273

Weiss, Harry B. Notes on Gargaphia
tiliae Walsh, the Linden Lace-
bug 165-168

Wetmore, Alexander. Notes on the
Shape and Size of the Pupils of the
Eyes of Birds „ xi

Note on the Feeding of Purple

Finches on Plant Galls. _ xii

Note on the Chimney-building

Habits of *he Cicada Nymph xii

Notes on the Brown Pelican,

as Observed on Pelican Island,
Florida. Illustrated with lantern
Slides xii

Notes on the Strutting Atti-
tudes of the Male Sage Grouse,
Centrocercus urophasianus..._ xiv

A Peculiar Habit of Grebes,

with Exhibition of Specimens xiv

A Note on the Eye of the Black

Skimmer (Rynchops nigra) 195

Description of a Whippoorwill

from Porto Rico 235-238

Wilcox, T. E..__ 276

Wiley, H. W 276

Wooton, E. O. Notes on a Short Visit

to Tamaulipas xiv

X

Xenops connectens 259

Xiphorhynchus bangsi 260

Y

Yungipicus mitchelli 8

moluccensis... 8

Z

Zizia aurea 130

Zosterops surda 95

Zygothrips cingulatus 80

i norm is 79

pallescens 78

MBL WHOI LIBRARY