PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

California Academy of Sciences

FOURTH SERIES

Vol. XIV

1924

printed from the
John W. Hendrie Publication Endowment

SAN FRANCISCO

Published by the Academy

[ 1925-26 }

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION

George C. Edwards, Chairman
C. E. Grunsky Barton Warren Evermann, Editor

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XIV

Title-page i

Contents iii

1. Pectens from the Tertiary of Lower California. By Leo. G. Hert-

Icin; published July 21, 1925 1

2. Contribution to the Tertiary Paleontology of Peru. By G. Dallas

Hanna and Merle C. Israelsky; published July 21, 1925 2'7

3. A Note on Two of Hyatt's Liassic Ammonites. By C. H. Crick-

may ; published July 23, 1925 77

4. A New Species of MoUusk (Dentalium hannai) from Lower Cali-

fornia, With Notes on Other Forms. By Fred Baker ; published
July 2i, 1925 83

5. Contributions to Oriental Herpetology, IL Korea or Chosen. By

Joseph R. Slevin ; published July 23, 1925 89

6. Contributions to Oriental Herpetology, HL Russian Asia and

Manchuria. By Joseph R. Slevin ; published July 23, 1925 101

7. New North American Spiders. By Ralph V. Chamberlin ; published

August 14, 1925 105

8. Anatomy of Lanx, a Limpet-Like Lymnaeid MoUusk. By H.

Burrington Baker; published August 14, 1925 143

Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences
TO THE Gulf of California in 1921

9. The Phalangida. By Ralph V. Chamberlin ; published August 14,

1925 171

10. Scellus virago Aldrich (A Two-Winged Fly) and Two Forms

Closely Related To It. By M. C. Van Duzee ; published August
14, 1925 175

11. Bees in the Collection of California Academy of Sciences. By T.

D. A. Cockerell ; published August 14, 1925 185

Expedition to Guadalupe Island, Mexico, in 1922

12. General Report. By G. Dallas Hanna ; published September 5,

1925 217

13. The Birds and Mammals. By A. W. Anthony ; published Septem-

ber 5. 1925 277

14. The Coleoptera. By Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. ; published September

5, 1925 321

15. Anthidiine Bees in the Collection of the California Academy of

Sciences. By T. D. A. Cockerell ; published September 5, 1925.... 345

16. Studies in the Tenebrionidae, No. 2. (Coleoptera). By Frank E.

Blaisdell, Sr., published September 18, 1925 369

17. New Hemiptera from Western North America. By Edward P.

Van Duzee ; published September 24, 1925 391

18. Paleontology of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California.

By G. Dallas Hanna ; published March 23, 1926 427

19. Report of the President of the Academy for the Year 1925. By

C. E. Grunsky ; published April 28, 1926 505

20. Report of the Director of the Museum for the Year 1925. By

Barton Warren Evermann ; published April 28, 1926 521

Index to Volume XIV 567

Jt^ojf

ERRATA

p. 58, line 23, should read Turritella suturzJis

p. 70, line 28, should read Haimesiastrsea distans

p. 198, line 1, should read C. coloradensis

p. 200, line 12, should read H, viridescens

p. 204, line 5, should read nigrifrons

p. 446, line 5, and other lines, should read (?) Conus molis

p. 463, line 28, should read Crassatellites subgibbotu*

p. 464, line 11, should read "Crassatella gibbosa"

p. 466, line 21, should read Lucina edentuloides

p. 472, line 34, should read P. sancti-ludovid

p. 474, line 10, should read sancti-Iudovici

p. 480, line 18, should read Metalia spatagus

p. 502, line 4, should read CasMs aubtuberosa

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES }

Fourth Series
Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 1-35, plates 1-6 July 21, 1925

PECTENS FROM THE TERTIARY OF
LOWER CALIFORNIA

BY

LEO G. HERTLEIN
Leland Stanford Junior University

In a study of a collection of Tertiary fossils from Lower
California, a considerable number of species of Pectens were
identified, several of which appear to be undescribed. The
writer wishes to acknowledge the kind help received from Dr.
J. P. Smith of the Leland Stanford Junior University ; he also
wishes to thank Dr. G. Dallas Hanna and Mr. Eric K. Jordan
of the California Academy of Sciences for the loan of Acad-
emy material and helpful criticism of the manuscript. Permis-
sion by Dr. B. L. Clark to examine material in the collection
of the University of California is gratefully acknowledged.
Acknowledgment is also due especially to Mr. C. H. Beal
and to Messrs. B. F. Hake, C. R. Swarts and T. J. Cullen of
the Marland Oil Company of California; and also to Mr. E.
Call Brown of Los Angeles, California, for the material col-
lected by them. The greater part of this material is now in
the paleontological collections of the Leland Stanford Junior
University; paratypes where available, and duplicates, are in
the collections of the California Academy of Sciences.

Previously described species of Pectens recognized in the
collection are listed as follows, together with the L.S.J.U. and
C.A.S. locality numbers from Lower California, and with the

July 21, 1925

2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

formation as far as known. The formation-names and the
names of the quadrangles in the most part follow those adopted
by the Marland Oil Company geologists.

Pecten (Pecten) carrisoensis Arnold. Carrizo, Lower Pliocene.

Loc. 45 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Pecten) cataractes Dall. Formation unknown.

Loc. 52 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Pecten) cf. bellus Conrad. Salada, Pliocene.

Loc. 49 (L.S.J.U.) ; loc. 928 (C.A.S.)
Pecten (Pecten) hemphillii Dall. Salada, Pliocene,

Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Pecten) keepi Arnold. Lower Pliocene?

Loc. 44, 45, 50 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Pecten) lecontei Arnold. Salada, Pliocene.

Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.) ; loc. 928 (C.A.S.)
Pecten (Patinopecten) cf. coosensis Shumard, Salada, Pliocene.

Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Patinopecten) dilleri Dall. Salada, Pliocene.

Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Lyropecten) near crassicardo Conrad.

Loc. 57 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) circularis Sowerby.

Loc. 47, 48, 61 (L.S.J.U.) ; loc. 928, 930 (C.A.S.)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerros<ensis mendenhalli Arnold.

Carrizo, Lower Pliocene. Loc. 45, 51, 62, 69 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad. Pliocene.

Loc. 45, 52, 55, 64 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) invalidus Hanna. Pliocene.

Loc. 52, 64 (L.S.J.U.)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) purpuratus Lamarck. Salada, Pliocene.

Loc. 48, 116 (L.S.J.U.) ; loc. 928, 930 (CA.S.)

The localities (L.S.J.U.) and (C.A.S.) listed in the fore-
going are as follows :

Locality 44 (L.S.J.U.). Arroyo Fortuna, north of San Jose del Cabo,
Lower California ; C. R. Swarts collector.

Locality 45 (L.S.J.U.). Santa Rosalia, Lower California; C. H. Beal
collector.

Locality 47 (L.S.J.U.). Turtle Bay (San Bartolome), Lower Cali-
fornia; B. F. Hake collector; Salada Pliocene.

Locality 48 (L.S.J.U.). Mouth of large arroyo, northwest of Elephant
Mesa, Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California; B. F. Hake col-
lector; Salada Pliocene.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 3

Locality 49 (L.S.J.U.)- Slopes of Salada, three miles southeast of
Turtle Bay, uppermost beds, San Cristobal Bay Quadrangle, Lower Cali-
fornia ; B. F. Hake collector ; Salada Pliocene.

Locality 50 (L.S.J.U.). Rancho Refugio, north of San Jose del Cabo,
Lower California; C. R. Swarts collector.

Locality 51 (L.S.J.U.). Arroyo las Palmas, Santa Rosalia, Lower
California.

Locality 52 (L.S.J.U.). El Zacato, on coast north of Santiago, Lower
California; C. R. Swarts collector.

Locality 55 (L.S.J.U.). Arroyo Asuncion, Scammon Lagoon Quad-
rangle, Lower California; B. F. Hake collector.

Locality 57 (L.S.J.U.). La Purisima Cliffs, San Ramon River, Lower
California; E. Call Brown Collector.

Locality 61 (L.S.J.U.). Coronados Island, Gulf of California; T. J.
Cullen collector.

Locality 62 (L.S.J.U.). Float, five kilometers north of Santa Rosalia,
Lower California; C. H. Beal collector.

Locality 64 (L.S.J.U.). Arroyo near La Palma, 12 miles northwest of
Santa Rosalia, from pebbly sandstone near Comondu-Salada contadt.
Lower California ; B. F. Hake collector.

Locality 69 (L.S.J.U.). Arroyo de las Virgines, 10 miles northwest of
Santa Rosalia, Santa Rosalia Quadrangle, Lower California; B. F. Hake
collector.

Locality 116 (L.S.J.U.). Cedros Island, off Lower California; H.
Hemphill and others, collectors. Salada Pliocene.

Locality 928 (C.A.S.). Cedros Island, off Lower California; G. D.
Hanna collector ; Salada Pliocene.

Locality 930 (C.A.S.). Turtle Bay, Lower California; G. D. Hanna
collector ; Salada Pliocene.

Of the species listed in the foregoing P. circularis and P.
cataractes are found living in the Gulf of California at the
present time. P. hellus has been listed from the Fernando, San
Diego, and Santa Barbara Pliocene of California, and P. hemp-
hillii has been listed from the Fernando and San Diego Pliocene
formations of southern California. P. carrizoensis, P. deserti
and P. keepi have been reported from the Carrizo formation.
P. lecontei has been reported from the Pliocene of Cedros
Island. P. invalidiis was described from the San Diego Plio-
cene of Pacific Beach near San Diego, California. P. crassi-
cardo has been reported as occurring throughout the Miocene
of California, though it is most abundant in the Monterey-
Temblor and Santa Margarita-San Pablo formations. P. cer-
rosensis mendenhalli was originally described from the Plio-

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

cene of Lower California near Santa Rosalia, which was
thought to be equivalent to the Carrizo. P. purpuratus occurs
in the Salada Pliocene of Cedros Island and Turtle Bay, also
in the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Chile, and it is at present
found living in the waters of the Peruvian province of the
Pacific ocean. P. cooscnsis occurs in the Miocene, Empire
formation on the coast of Oregon and in the Montesano,
Miocene of Washington. P. dilleri occurs in the Pliocene,
Wildcat fomiation on Eel River in northern California and in
the Fernando of the Santa Maria district near Santa Maria,
California.

The numerous species of the sections Pecten s. str., Lyro-
pecten, Aequipecten, and Plagioctenium, indicate that warm
water conditions prevailed in Lower California in the later
Tertiary. The identity of many of the previously described
species with those known from the Tertiary of California is of
interesting significance, as are also the relations of the new
species. The stratigraphy of Lower California has not been
worked out in great detail as yet, nor has any great advance
been made in the way of correlation with the Tertiary forma-
tions of the western United States. Excellent work has, how-
ever, been accomplished by Dr. Arnold Heim and others. A
recent paper by Heim^ gives a good outline of the Tertiary
stratigraphy of the southern half of the Peninsula of Lower
California.

Several Tertiary and Quaternary formations were recog-
nized by Heim. The Tepetate formation, considered to be of
probable Upper Eocene age, is well developed at the Rancho
El Tepetate, (Lat. 24° 23', Long. 111° 8'). A stratum of
about 20 meters of white siliceous shale appears at the base of
the formation. This is followed by a considerable thickness of
sandstones with smaller amounts of shales. Numerous Ortho-
phragmma pratti Mich., occur in these beds, and Amphistegina
niasi Verbeek, is also mentioned. The facies of the Tepetate
formation, according to Heim, are chiefly neritic.

The next younger formation recognized by Heim is the Puri-
sima Nueva (Lat. 26° 11', Long. 112° 4'). These beds are said
to be composed chiefly of light colored sandstones, with some

' Geol. Mag. Vol. 59, p. 529-547, 1922.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 5

layers of broken shells. The facies are neritic. At places the
beds are considerably metamorphosed. Some of the species
listed from this formation are: Mactra dariensis Dall, Pecten
condylomatus Dall, Pecten oxygonum optimum Brown & Pils-
bry, Racta gibbosa Gabb, Turritella tristis Brown, Balanus sp.
The age of this formation was considered to be Upper
Oligocene.

Along the Arroyo Cadegomo and at Rancho San Ramon
(Long. 112" 12'), the Monterey formation is typically de-
veloped. This formation is composed largely of white silice-
ous shale with smaller amounts of sandstones and, according
to Heim, is quite similar to the Monterey formation of
California.

Conformably overlying and intergrading with the Monterey
formation is the Isidro, named from the town of San Isidro
on the left bank of the Arroyo San Gregorio. It consists
largely of sandstones and shales and is neritic in facies. Genera
of some of the fossils reported are: Area, Chione, Mytilus,
Psammobia, Tellina( ?), Chrysodomus, Balanus.

The Isidro is overlain, at some localities conformably, else-
where unconformably, by the usually flat-lying Comondu,
named for the oasis village of that name. This formation is
chiefly composed of brownish sandstones and conglomerates,
which are thought to be continental, of great extension, and
Upper Miocene, or possibly Lower Pliocene, in age.

Above, and slightly unconformable on the Comondu forma-
tion, are the Cuesta sandstones, well developed at La Cuesta
de La Purisima. No fossils have been found and the beds are
probably continental and Pliocene in age.

Unconformably overlying the Monterey at La Ventana,
Heim found a marine conglomerate, which he suggested prob-
ably corresponds to the Fernando Pliocene of California, but
to which no formational name was given.

At the cattle ranch La Salada, on the left bank of the Arroyo
de La Salada, a marine Pliocene fomiation is well exposed, to
which Heim gave the name Salada. This is composed largely
of sandstones and occasional conglomerates with an upper
calcareous stratum. These beds are thought to have been de-
posited in shallow water. The formation appears to be quite

5 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

extensively developed along the coast and at moderate dis-
tances inland, and was recognized at several points. Genera
of some of the fossils listed are: Chione, Mytilus, Tellina,
Calliostoma, Conus, Oliva, Polinices, Turritella, Balanus.

Along the Pacific coast, the Pliocene beds are covered by the
Medanos, or older sand dunes. Marine shells are found in
them which are thought to be of Pleistocene age. Some of the
species found were: Area tuber culata Sby., Donax cf. eayen-
nensis Lam., Tivela hryoniana (radiata Dall), oysters, etc.

The writer has been informed by Mr. C. H. Beal that the
conclusions reached by him and his associates concerning the
Miocene stratigraphy of Lower California do not coincide in
all respects with those of Dr. Heim. The Purisima Nueva of
Heim was not recognized by them, and no fauna comparable
to that listed by Arnold and Clark has been found in their col-
lections. In the Pliocene, the Cuesta was not differentiated
from the Comondu, and both together were considered to be
the continental equivalent of the Salada.

In this paper, the writer, following Arnold, has used the
term Carrizo for certain beds in Lower California, notably in
the vicinity of Santa Rosalia. He recognizes that, as pointed
out by Vaughan^, the name Carrizo has been used several times
in North American stratigraphy; furthermore, examination of
faunas from Imperial County, California, indicates a possi-
bility that the so called Carrizo of Carrizo Creek, Alverson
Canyon and Coyote Mountain, may perhaps comprise more
than one horizon.

Several of the species listed in the present paper are from the
Pliocene of Lower California. The Pecten fauna indicates
that the Pliocene of Cedros Island is in general the equivalent
of the San Diego Pliocene of Pacific Beach, near San Diego,
California. The Salada is apparently equivalent to the Plio-
cene of Cedros Island. There is, however, an indication in the
fauna, that a horizon older than the Salada may be present on
the west coast of Lower California, as well as on the east coast,
and it is probable that some of the species referred to the
Salada may belong to an older horizon.

'Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 98, 1917, p. 357.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 7

1. Pecten (Pecten) refugioensis Hertlein, new species

Plate 1, figure 2; plate 5, figure 9

Shell of medium size. Right valve practically smooth, orna-
mented, however, by fine concentric lines of growth, and close
to the beaks also by fine, faint, radiating ribs which, however,
disappear at the umbo ; ventral margin smooth ; interior of the
shell ornamented by about 19 dichotomous ribs; ears about
equal and concentrically sculptured ; a slight groove showing
where the ears meet the margins of the shell ; a slight byssal
notch present on the anterior ear. Left valve fairly smooth,
ornamented interiorly much as right, a depressed area which
is lower than the margins extends from the beaks to about one-
half the height of the shell ; ears slightly concave, ornamented
by concentric lines of growth. Altitude 56 mm. ; longitude
57 mm. ; diameter of right valve approximately 14 mm. ; apical
angle of right valve approximately 97°.

Type: Right valve. No. 49 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 50 (L.S.J.U.), Rancho Refugio, north of San Jose del
Cabo, Lower California; Paratypes: No. 50 (L.S.J.U. collec-
tion), and Nos. 1764, 1765, 1766 (C.A.S. collection), C. R.
Swarts collector; Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene.

This species also occurs at Loc. 44 (L.S.J.U.), from Arroyo
Fortuna, north of San Jose del Cabo, Lower California; C. R.
Swarts collector ; Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene.

Pecten refugioensis appears to be a step between the sections
Amusium and Pecten s. str. It has, in general, the shape of a
Pecten s. str. and the concentric sculpture, ears and ribs are
suggestive of an Amusium. It differs from P. keepi Arnold
by showing scarcely any ribs on the exterior of the shell, and
by its somewhat different shape. P. refugioensis differs from
P. revolutus Mich., from the Miocene of Italy in having a
smaller apical angle, a flatter shell, and differently shaped
ears.

g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

2. Pecten (Pecten) aletes Hertlein, new species
Plate 2, figures 1 and 4

Shell of medium size. Right valve moderately convex, orna-
mented by about 11 rather broad, flat-topped radiating ribs,
which anteriorly and posteriorly decrease in size, each rib with
one to four narrow, slight, radial sulcations ; interspaces flat-
bottomed, narrower than the ribs, occasionally bearing a tiny
radiating riblet, the whole surface of valve sculptured by fine,
close, concentric striae; ears subequal, marked by growth lines,
but lacking all radial sculpture. Left valve slightly concave,
with a pronounced depression toward the beak ; about nine flat-
topped radial ribs, separated by interspaces about as wide as
the ribs, the ribs and interspaces both covered by fine, sharp,
concentric sculpture ; ears subequal, and somewhat concave,
ornamented only by fine incremental lines. Altitude 62 mm, ;
longitude 65 mm.; diameter of right valve approximately 13
mm. ; apical angle of right valve approximately 100°.

Type: Right valve, No. 44 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 50 (L.S.J.U.), Rancho Refugio, north of San Jose del
Cabo, Lower California; Parafypes: No. 45 (L.S.J.U. collec-
tion), and No. 1767 (C.A.S. collection), C. R. Swarts collector.
Horizon not known ; probably Upper Miocene or Lower
Pliocene.

Pecten aletes differs from P. hcllus Conrad in the smaller
number of ribs, which are finely sulcate. It differs from P.
laqueatus Sowerby, from Japan, to which it is most closely
related, in the fewer ribs; also in that the ears on the right
valve of the present species appear to be straighter and not
quite as arcuate as those of P. laqueatus.

3. Pecten (Pecten) hartmanni Hertlein, new species

Plate 1, figures 4 and 6

Right valve excessively arched, ornamented by about 16 or
17 rounded radiating ribs which become flattened toward the
ventral margin of the shell ; anterior and posterior margins
highly arcuate, smooth except for faint lines of growth ; ears
somewhat convex and turned up slightly at the ends, the an-

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 9

terior sculptured by about four poorly defined radiating riblets
which are crossed by concentric incremental lines, and cut by
a slight byssal notch; left ear with a few faint radial riblets
and slight concentric striae. Altitude 75 mm. ; longitude 65
mm. ; diameter of right valve approximately 30 mm. ; apical
angle of right valve approximately 88°.

Type: Right valve, No. 48 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 54 (L.S.J.U.), Arroyo Mesquital, Lower California, above
the yellow silts which are well exposed in this arroyo; C. R.
Swarts and T. J. Cullen collectors; Lower Pliocene?

Pec fen hartmanni differs from P. hemphillii Dall in pos-
sessing a more highly arched right valve and in the shape of
the ears, which in the present species are somewhat more
concave. It differs from P. cataractes Dall in having fewer
ribs, and in that the margins of the shell descend abruptly
rather than expanding laterally, as in the case in Ball's species,
and also in P. vogdesi Arnold.

This species is named in honor of Mr. A. Hartmann, whose
work in Lower California has added to the knowledge of tliat
region.

4. Pecten (Pecten) heimi Hertlein, new species

Plate 1, figure 3 ; plate 3, figure 3

Shell concavo-convex, equilateral, inequivalve. Right valve
highly arched, and ornamented by about 20 or 21 rounded,
radiating ribs which become flattened toward ventral margin,
these separated by round-bottomed interspaces about one-half
as wide as the ribs ; ribs and interspaces crossed by concentric
incremental lines of growth ; ventral margin of shell rounded ;
ears somewhat convex ; a distinct groove on right ear close to
margin of shell, and byssal notch also present ; anterior margin
of right ear somewhat convex; ear ornamented by about four
or five radiating riblets and by concentric incremental lines.
Left valve slightly concave and ornamented by about 17 or 18
radiating ribs which are separated by round-bottomed inter-
spaces, the ribs and interspaces crossed by fine concentric in-
cremental lines; a depressed area present just below the beaks;
anterior and posterior margins of valve flattened, higher than

JQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

the depressed inner area near beak, sloping abruptly to ears;
ears concave and sculptured by fine incremental lines only.
Altitude 75 mm. ; longitude 85 mm. ; diameter of right valve
approximately 25 mm. ; apical angle of right valve approxi-
mately 97°.

Type: Right valve, No. 46 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 65 (L.S.J.U.), southern part of Arroyo San Gregorio,
Lower California; Paratype: No. 47 (L.S.J.U. collection), E.
R. Swarts and T. J. Cullen collectors; Lower Pliocene?

Pecten heimi differs from P. hemphillii Dall in the number
of ribs, which is greater in P. heimi, and in the ears which are
smooth, and more convex in the present species than in P.
hemphillii. From P. coalingensis Arnold and P. auburyi
Arnold it is distinguished by its larger size and the more
rounded shape of its ribs ; from P. vogdesi Arnold, by the fact
that the shell in P. heimi does not flatten out at the ventral
margin as does P. vogdesi, and P. heimi has a greater number
of ribs than Arnold's species. P. heimi differs from P. hart-
manni Hertlein, in being longer in proportion to the altitude,
less inflated, and in possessing differently shaped ears. From
P. astecus Bose, P. heimi is distinguished by the fewer, more
rounded, broader ribs, in the present species; furthermore,
P. heimi is larger and apparently more convex.

This species is named in honor of Dr. Arnold Heim, whose
work has added much to the knowledge of the geology of
Lower California.

5. Pecten (Pecten) beali Hertlein, new species

Plate 2, figure 3 ; plate 5, figure 8

Shell inequivalve, plano-convex, equilateral, the ventral
margin evenly rounded. Right valve convex, ornamented
by about 23 or 24 prominent, square, flat-topped, strongly
medially sulcate radial ribs, with in some cases, fainter radial
grooves superimposed; interspaces flat-bottomed and slightly
narrower than the ribs, the whole surface sculptured by fine,
regular, concentric lines; posterior ear sculptured by about
four radial riblets, and by fine incremental lines. Left valve
flat or slightly concave, ornamented by about 21 radiating ribs

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA \l

separated by flat-bottomed interspaces, each of which bears a
single small intercalated riblet, the ribs and interspaces crossed
by fine concentric lines; a somewhat depressed area is found
just below the beak; margins of shell somewhat concave, bear-
ing four or five radiating ribs and fine concentric imbricating
lines; ears somewhat concave, ornamented by three or four
radiating riblets and by fine concentric lines of growth. Alti-
tude 55 mm. ; longitude 56 mm. ; diameter of right valve ap-
proximately 10 mm. ; apical angle of right valve approximately
114°.

Type: Right valve, No. 55 (L.S.J. U. type collection), from
Loc. 64 (L.S.J.U.), pebbly sandstone near Comondu-Salada
contact, Arroyo near La Peilma, Lower California; Paratype:
Left valve No. 56 (L.S.J.U. collection), B. F. Hake collector,
Salada, Pliocene.

Pectcfi beali appears to be related to P. carrizoensis Arnold,
but is larger, and the ribs are more numerous and more deeply
sulcate. On the left valve the radial interspaces are orna-
mented by small midribs which are lacking in Arnold's species.
P. carrizoensis also is longer in proportion to the height than
P. beali.

This species is named in honor of Mr. C. H. Beal, whose
information concerning Lower California has been much ap-
preciated by the writer.

6. Pecten (Lyropecten) modulatus Hertlein, new species

Plate 3, figure 6

Shell moderately convex, fairly heavy, showing slight areas
of constricted growth. Right valve ornamented by about 14
longitudinally sculptured radiating ribs, which are rounded in
the earlier part of the shell, but which, toward the ventral
margin, show a tendency to become flattened; interspaces of
varying width but all narrower than the ribs, all containing
a small midrib; anterior and posterior margins of shell orna-
mented by fine longitudinal riblets; ears unequal, the anterior
ear large, with large byssal notch and sculpture consisting of
about seven well defined radial riblets and concentric growth
lines, the left ear small in comparison with the large right, its

J2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

posterior edge sloping down almost vertically to the margin of
shell, the surface of the ear ornamented by about eight or more
radiating riblets over which are superimposed fine longitudinal
and concentric lines. Altitude 58 mm. ; longitude 60 mm. ;
diameter of right valve approximately 14 mm. ; apical angle,
right valve approximately 92°.

Type: Right valve, No. 39 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 43 (L.S.J.U.), Mesa west of Mesa de las Auras, Scam-
mon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California; B. F. Hake col-
lector; Salada, Pliocene.

Pecten modnlatiis bears some resemblance to P. vaughani
Arnold, but is much larger and also has sculptured margins
and prominent midriblets in the interspaces, while in P.
vaughani the interspaces bear fine striae only.

7. Pecten (Lyropecten) pretiosus Hertlein, new species

Plate 2, figure 6 ; plate 3, figure 4

Shell small. Right valve moderately arched, and orna-
mented by about 17 or 18 rounded, radiating ribs, separated by
somewhat narrower interspaces; ribs and interspaces sculp-
tured by fine, radiating fines and crossed by fine, concentric
lines of growth ; anterior and posterior margins turning down
abruptly, and smooth except for incremental striae; ventral
margin rounded and turned down abruptly ; anterior ear with
a distinct byssal notch, and a slight groove also present be-
tween ear and margin of shell ; about five radiating rib-
lets crossed by incremental lines ornament the ear; posterior
ear sculptured by about six or seven radiating riblets, crossed
by incremental striae, the ear sloping downward and slightly
posteriorly from the hinge line. Left valve ornamented by
about 14 or 15 radiating ribs, the whole surface with sculpture
similar to that of right valve ; ears sculptured much as on
right valve. Altitude 27 mm. ; longitude 29 mm. ; diameter of
right valve approximately 10 mm. ; apical angle of right valve
approximately 87°.

Type: Right valve. No. 38 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 59 (L.S.J.U.), Turritella bed above San Gregorio Lagoon,
120 miles north of Magdalena Bay, Lower California, on the

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA I3

trail from Arroyo Mesquital to La Purisima ; Paratypes: No.
1770 (C.A.S. collection), from Loc. 59 (L.SJ.U.), and Nos. 89
(L.SJ.U. collection), and 1771 (C.A.S. collection), from Loc.
57 (L.S.J.U.), La Purisima Cliffs, on San Ramon River, Lower
California; E, Call Brown collector; Isidro formation, Lower
Miocene.

The characteristic shape, sculpture, and shape of ears dis-
tinguish this beautiful little Pecten from other species.

8. Pecten (Aequipecten) percarus Hertlein, new species

Plate 2, figures 2 and 5

Shell moderately large, equilateral, subequivalve, moderately
thin, somewhat compressed, the outline round. Right valve
ornamented by about 22 moderately strong, rounded ribs,
separated by round-bottomed interspaces which are not quite
as wide as the ribs ; ribs and interspaces sculptured by regular,
wavy, incremental lines, and, at irregular intervals, by stronger
lines of growth ; hinge line about one-half as long as the disk
and slightly indented at the beaks; ears unequal, the anterior
with a large byssal notch and sculpture consisting of about
six or seven radiating riblets, the posterior ear ornamented by
about seven radiating riblets, both ears sculptured by incre-
mental lines. Left valve more arched and sharper at umbo
than right, and somewhat one-sided in appearance, the disk
ornamented by about 25 or 26 rounded, radiating ribs, and
also concentrically sculptured much as on right valve; ears
ornamented by about six or seven radiating ribs, crossed by
concentric incremental lines; ears slightly concave, anterior
with a slight byssal notch. Altitude 82 mm. ; longitude 91
mm. ; diameter approximately 12 mm. ; apical angle of valves
approximately 118°.

Type: No 42 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from Loc. 48 (L.S.
J.U.), mouth of large arroyo northwest of Elephant Mesa,
Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California; Paratypes:
No. 43 (L.S.J.U. collection) and Nos. 1768, 1769 (C.A.S. col-
lection), B. F. Hake collector, Salada PHocene.

This species is also found at Loc. 76 (L.S.J.U.), Salada
on white clay northwest of Elephant Mesa west of Arroyo,

J4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California ; B. F. Hake
collector; Salada, Pliocene. Also Loc. 928 (C.A.S.), Cedros
Island; G. D. Hanna collector; Upper Pliocene. Also Loc.
930 (C.A.S.), from Turtle Bay, Lower California; G. D.
Hanna collector; Salada, Pliocene.

Pecten percarus is distinguished from other west American
Aequipectens by its large size, number of ribs, and its clear
concentric incremental lines.

9. Pecten (Plagioctenium) purpuratus Lamarck
Plate 1, figure 1 ; plate 4, figures 2 and 4

1836. Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, Hist, des Animaux sans Vertebres

(edition by Deshayes and Edwards), Vol. 7, 1836, p. 134.
1843. Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., Vol. 1,

1843, p. S3, pi. 15, fig. 113; pi. 16, figs. 123-125.
1855. Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 8,

1855, Pecten, pi. 5, fig. 25.
1910. Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37,

1910, p. 149, pi. 26, figs. 5, 6.

Lamarck's description is as follows:

"P. testa alba, purpureo et nigro purpurascente varia ; radiis 26, con-
vexis; intus zona purpureo-nigricante."

Ball's description is as follows :

"Shell orbicular, moderately convex, subequivalve, rather thin, with
about 26 flat-topped ribs, laterally fringed, and separated by channeled
interspaces ; colors white, rose color, and different shades of purple
distributed in an irregular manner ; the interior zoned with blackish
purple."

Dall gave the recent distribution as being from Coquimbo,
Chile, northward to Ecuador.

The three heavy, radiating riblets on the anterior ear of the
right valve, and the sharply serrated edges of the radial ribs
are characteristic of Pecten purpuratus Lamarck. P. purpura-
tus is found at the present time in the waters of the Peruvian
province in the Pacific ocean. It occurs in the Pliocene and
Pleistocene of Chile, but has not been reported previously from
the Tertiary north of Panama. Specimens have been identified

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA J 5

from the Salada Pliocene at Turtle Bay, Lower California,
and from the Pliocene of Cedros Island. The right valve
figured in this paper came from Turtle Bay, the left from
Cedros Island.

Possibly the left valve described as P. subventricosiis by
Dall from southern California and referred to P. cerrosensis
by Arnold, is identical with P. purpiiratus Lamarck.

10. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis Gabb
Plate 6, figure 1

1869. Pecten cerrosensis Gabb, Geol. Surv. Calif., Pal., Vol. 2, 1869, p. 32,

pi. 9, figs. 55, 55a.
1906. Not Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis Gabb, Arnold, Prof. Paper

U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 47, 1906, pp. 123-124, pi. 44, fig. 5 ; pi.

49, figs. 1, la, lb.

Gabb's original description is as follows :

"Shell equivalve, subcircular, broader than long, convex ; beaks small ;
sides sloping concavely above, rounded below ; ears small, subequal,
roughened and irregular, sinus very small. Surface marked by eighteen
or twenty flat ribs, with flat or slightly concave interspaces ; margins un-
dulated, the ends of the ribs being deeply emarginated, and the inter-
spaces being prolonged into tongue-like processes."

"Locality: Cerros Island, off the coast of Lower California: probably
Miocene. Collected by Dr. J. A. Veatch."

The dimensions of the type are approximately: altitude 210
mm.; longitude 220 mm.; diameter 90 mm. It is No. 1091
(Univ. Calif. Coll.) and is figured herewith through the kind-
ness of Prof. Bruce L. Clark.

It appears to the writer that several different species have
been assigned to P. cerrosensis Gabb. Having examined the
type which is in the collections of the University of California,
it appears that the description and figures given by Arnold
can hardly belong to the species described by Gabb ; the descrip-
tion and figures given by Arnold do not coincide with the
type, original figure or description. P. cerrosensis Gabb has
18 to 20 ribs, a very slight byssal notch, and the ears, except
for growth lines, are perfectly smooth, while in the figures
shown by Arnold a deep byssal notch is present in the anterior

16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sek.

ear of the right valve, there are more than 20 radiating ribs,
and the ears are sculptured by radiating riblets. As stated
elsewhere in this paper, one of Arnold's figures may be P. pur-
puratus Lamarck, and the others appear to be P. suhdolus
Hertlein.

The slight byssal notch, unsculptured ears, and the number
of ribs are characteristic of P. cerrosensis.

11. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis mendenhalli Arnold

Plate 1, figure 5

1906. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis var? mendenhalli Arnold, Prof.
Paper U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 47, 1906, pp. 84-85, pi. 25, figs. 2,
2a, and 2b.

Arnold's original description is as follows:

"Shell, when adult, averaging about 75 millimeters in altitude. Similar
to P. cerrosensis in shape, convexity, and ribbing, but differing from the
latter in being much smaller when adult, having fewer ribs (about 19 in
the former, while the latter has usually 21 or more), much less prominent
incremental lines, and a relatively longer hinge line."

"Dimensions (of a medium-sised specimen). — Alt. 43 mm.; long. 44
mm. ; hinge line 28 mm. ; diameter 17 mm."

"The type is from beds of probable Miocene age (the equivalent of the
Carrizo Creek beds) at Santa Rosalia, Lower California, directly west of
and across the Gulf of California from Guaymas, Mexico."

Several different species have been referred to Pecten cer-
rosensis mendenhalli Arnold by various workers. A specimen
from near the type locality is figured herewith. This form is
apparently more closely related to the true P. cerrosensis Gabb
than are the other forms referred to the latter by Arnold.

It should be mentioned that Gabb's original description of
P. cerrosensis states that the ribs are 18 to 20 in number and
not 21 or more.

12. Pecten (Plagioctenium) calli Hertlein, new species

Plate 4, figures 5, 6 and 7

Shell small, inequivalve. Right valve slightly arched, orna-
mented by about 16 or 17 rather high, narrow, rounded, radi-
ating ribs separated by interspaces of about the same width as

Vol. XI\ ] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA \y

the ribs; anterior ear with a large byssal notch and sculpture
consisting of about five radiating riblets crossed by concentric
lines of growth; posterior ear sculptured by radiating riblets
crossed by concentric lines of growth. Left valve slightly
prolonged posteriorly, much more highly arched than right,
and sloping rather abruptly from the umbos, sculptured by
about 19 well developed, rather sharp, rounded, radiating ribs
separated by interspaces about as wide as the ribs, ribs and in-
terspaces crossed by fine concentric lines ; ears slightly concave,
the anterior with a small notch and ornamentation consisting
of five or six radiating riblets crossed by concentric lines of
growth; posterior ear slightly prolonged at the hinge line,
sculptured as right. Altitude 24 mm. ; longitude 24 mm. ;
diameter of left valve approximately 7 mm. ; apical angle ap-
proximately 90°.

Type: Left valve. No. 68 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 53 (L.S.J.U.), first arroyo east of Santiago, Lower Csili-
fomia, C. R. Swarts collector; Miocene? Paratype: No. 125
(L.S.J.U. collection), same locality as the type; also No. 126
(L.S.J.U. collection), from Loc. 63 (L.S.J.U.), intersection of
Arroyo Fortuna with Arroyo Refugio, near San Jose del Cabo,
Lower California, C. R. Swarts collector; also No. 127 (L.S.
J.U. collection) from Loc. 60 (L.S.J.U. collection), west side
of Elephant Mesa, Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower Cali-
fornia, B. F. Hake collector: Isidro formation. Lower Mio-
cene; also No. 1772 (C.A.S. collection), from Turtle Bay,
Lower California, E. C. Johnson collector; Pliocene.

Pecten calli differs from P. andersoni Arnold, in its nar-
rower ribs and more highly arched left valve. From P. discus
Conrad, and P. raymondi Clark, the present species is dis-
tinguished by the differently shaped ribs and less circular out-
line of the valves. From P. deserti Conrad and P. impostor
Hanna, P. calli is distinguished by its high narrow, rounded
ribs and only slightly arched right valve. From P. santa-
rosanus Bose, P. calli is distinguished by the fewer higher ribs
and by the presence of a profound rounded notch in the pos-
terior ear of the left valve of the present species, which notch
is lacking in P. santarosanus.

July 21, 1925

|g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

This species is named in honor of Mr. E. Call Brown,
whose cohection has added to the knowledge of the stratig-
raphy of Lower California.

13. Pecten (Plagioctenium) hakei Hertlein, new species

Plate 4, figures 1 and 3

Shell moderately arched, coarse and thick, slightly longer
than high. Right valve ornamented by about 23 or 24 rounded
to slightly flat-topped ribs, separated by narrower, round-bot-
tomed interspaces, both the interspaces and ribs crossed by
concentric incremental lines, and, in some cases, by rather
strong lines of growth ; anterior ear with a large byssal notch,
and sculpture consisting of about five or six radiating riblets,
crossed by concentric incremental lines ; anterior and posterior
margins of valves smooth except for concentric incremental
lines ; ventral margin rounded ; posterior ear ornamented by
about eight radiating riblets and by lines of growth, the
posterior edge of the ear forming nearly a right angle with the
hinge line. Left valve convex, higher at the umbo than the
right valve, and ornamented by about 24 or 25 squarish, flat-
topped, rounded ribs, separated by narrower, round-bottomed
interspaces, the whole valve sculptured by concentric lines of
growth ; ears slightly concave, ornamented by about six or
seven radiating riblets. Altitude 90 mm., longitude 95 mm. ;
diameter of right valve approximately 15 mm. ; apical angle of
right valve approximately 114°.

Type: Right valve, No. 40 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 47 (L.S.J.U.), Turtle Bay, Lower California; Paratypes:
No. 41 (L.S.J.U. collection) and Nos. 1773, 1774 (C.A.S. col-
lection), B. F. Hake collector; Salada, Pliocene.

This species is also found at Loc. 46 (L.S.J.U.), post-
Eocene sandstone, at north edge of a tilted mesa about five
miles north of Abreojos Point, Ballenas Bay Quadrangle,
Lower California, B. F. Hake collector ; Salada, Pliocene ; also
Loc. 42 (L.S.J.U.) above San Juan Arroyo, about five miles
southwest of Jesus Maria, Jesus Maria Quadrangle. Lower
California, C. H. Beal collector; Salada, Pliocene.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA jg

Pcctcn hakci differs from P. cerrosensis mendenhalli Arnold
in its larger size, more numerous ribs and stronger concentric
sculpture and large byssal notch. It differs from P. pur-
puratHS Lamarck in bearing more numerous ribs, and in having
a less rounded outline ; also in lacking the lateral serrations on
the radial ribs which characterize P. purpuratus. From P.
cerrosensis Gabb, proper, it is distinguished by the much
larger byssal notch in the anterior ear of the right valve, by the
strongly sculptured ears, which, except for growth lines, are
smooth in P. cerrosensis, and by the number of ribs, 23 to 24
in the present species rather than 18 to 20 in the species de-
scribed by Gabb.

This species is named in honor of Mr. B. F. Hake, who col-
lected considerable material which has added to the knowledge
of the stratigraphy of Lower California.

14. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cristobalensis Hertlein,

new species

Plate 3, figures 1, 2 and 5

Shell large, fairly thick, in several specimens with strong
lines of restricted growth; valves moderately arched. Right
valve ornamented by about 24 flat-topped, squarish, radiating
ribs, separated by flat-bottomed, slightly narrower, inter-
spaces, the whole surface crossed by well defined, wavy, con-
centric lines of growth ; anterior and posterior margins of valve
smooth except for concentric incremental sculpture; ventral
margin evenly rounded; ears unequal, the anterior ear with a
large byssal notch, and ornamented by about five radiating rib-
lets crossed by concentric lines of growth ; the posterior ear
also bearing about five or six radiating riblets crossed by
growth lines. Left valve slightly more convex than right and
sculptured much as the latter, the anterior and posterior mar-
gins with concentric lines of growth only ; ears ornamented by
about eight or nine radiating riblets, the anterior ear with a
slight notch. Altitude 117 mm. ; longitude 135 mm. ; diameter
right valve approximately 17 mm.; apical angle of right valve
approximately 100°- 110°.

Type: Right valve. No. 36 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from
Loc. 49 (L.S.J.U.), slopes of Salada three miles southeast of

20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Turtle Bay, uppermost beds, San Cristobal Bay Quadrangle,
Lower California; Paratypes: No. 27 (L.SJ.U. collection) and
Nos. 1775, 1776 (C.A.S. collection), B. F. Hake collector;
Salada, Pliocene.

The species was also found at Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.), at the
mouth of a large arroyo northwest of Elephant Mesa, Scam-
mon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California.

Pecten cristohalensis is distinguished from P. cerrosensis
mendenhalli Arnold, by its squarish, more numerous ribs. The
greater number of radial, squarish ribs, separated by narrower
interspaces, and the less strong development of concentric in-
cremental lines, distinguish the present species from P. cer-
rosensis Gabb proper. P. cristohalensis has a large byssal
notch in the anterior ear of the right valve, and the ears are
more strongly sculptured by radiating riblets than in P. cer-
rosensis, in which the byssal notch is very slight, and, except
for lines of growth, the ears are smooth. From P. callidus
Hertlein, P. cristohalensis differs in the more numerous ribs,
different ears, and rounder outline. The distinction between
the present species and P. purpuratus Lamarck is based
largely upon the character of the radial ribs and of the anterior
ear of the right valve. The ribs of P. purpuratus are wider
and lower than those of P. cristohalensis; and conversely, the
interspaces are narrower in P. purpuratus ; furthermore the
ribs of the latter species expand much more rapidly toward
the ventral margin than do those of P. cristohalensis. The
lateral serrations on the radial ribs, so strongly developed in
Lamarck's species, are very slight in the present form. The
presence of three very strong ribs on anterior ear of right valve
of P. purpuratus with only a vestige of a fourth, rather than
five less strong riblets as in P. cristohalensis, is also an evident
and apparently constant difference.

15. Pecten (Plagioctenium) subdolus Hertlein, new species

Plate 5, figures 2, 4 and 7

1906. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis Gabb, Arnold, Prof. Paper
U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 47, 1906, pp. 123-124, (ex parte), pi.
49, figs. 1, la, lb.

1869. Not Pecten cerrosensis Gabb, Geol. Surv. Calif., Vol. 2, 1869, p. i2,
pi. 9, figs. 55, 55a.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 21

Shell of medium size, the valves moderately convex. Right
valve ornamented by about 21 rounded, radiating ribs which
become broader toward the ventral margin, the ribs separated
by round-bottomed, narrower interspaces, the whole surface
ornamented by very fine radial striations and by concentric
lines of growth; anterior and posterior margins sculptured
only by concentric incremental lines ; ventral margin rounded ;
ears unequal, the anterior with a well defined byssal notch, and
sculpture of about six radiating riblets crossed by incremental
lines ; the posterior also sculptured by about six or seven slight
radiating riblets crossed by lines of growth, a very slight notch
present. Left valve more arched than right and somewhat
one-sided in appearance, ornamented by about 21 rounded,
radiating ribs separated by round-bottomed interspaces about
as wide as the ribs, the whole surface finely longitudinally
striate and crossed by concentric lines of growth ; ears slightly
concave, the posterior sculptured by very slight radiating rib-
lets and concentric lines of growth, the anterior with a rounded
notch, the surface sculptured by a few very slight radiating
riblets and by concentric growth lines, the ornamentation in-
distinct on weathered specimens. Altitude 50 mm. ; longitude
50 mm. ; diameter approximately 17 mm. ; apical angle in each
valve approximately 105°.

Type: No. 51 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from Loc. 115
(L.S.J.U.), Pacific Beach, San Diego, California; Paratypes:
No. 52 (L.S.J.U. collection), and No. 1777 (C.A.S. collection),
C. H. Sternberg collector; San Diego, Pliocene.

This species also occurs at Loc. 116 (L.S.J.U.), in the Pli-
ocene of Cedros Island, from which locality a specimen attains
an approximate height of 110 mm. ; length 110 mm. ; diameter
30 mm.

From P. cerrosensis, P. suhdolus differs in its more numer-
ous rounded ribs, large byssal notch, sculptured rather than
smooth ears and usually smaller size. It differs from P. cal-
lidus in its rounded ribs which are not as high as those of the
latter, in the presence of fine radial striae on the disk, and in
the less strong sculpture of the ears in the present species.

22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

16. Pecten (Plagioctenium) callidus Hertlein, new species

Plate 5, figures 1, 3, 5 and 6

Shell of medium size, the valves moderately arched. Right
valve ornamented by about 21 or 22 rather hig-h, flat-topped,
radiating ribs separated by narrower interspaces, tops of ribs
smooth, but sides and interspaces sculptured by fine, sharp
lamellae; anterior and posterior margins sculptured by con-
centric lines of growth only; ventral margin rounded; ears
unequal, the anterior with a large byssal notch and ornamented
by about five or six radiating riblets crossed by concentric lines
of growth ; the posterior sculptured by several radiating riblets.
Left valve more convex than right and somewhat one-sided
in appearance, with sculpture quite similar to that of right
valve except that the interspaces are slightly wider; anterior
ear carrying a small, rounded notch and ornamentation con-
sisting of small, radiating riblets and concentric lines of
growth; posterior ear sculptured much as the anterior. Alti-
tude 55 mm. ; longitude 55 mm. ; diameter 19 mm. ; apical angle
of valves approximately 105°.

Type: No. 53 (L.S.J.U. type collection), from Loc. 116
(L.S.J.U.), Cedros Island, Lower California; Paratypes: No.
54 (L.S.J.U. collection), H. Hemphill collector; Salada, Plio-
cene.

This species was found also at Loc. 48 (L.S.J.U.), from
mouth of big Arroyo northwest of Elephant Mesa, Scammon
Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California ; B. F. Hake collector ;
Salada Pliocene.

In the Fernando Lower Pliocene of southern California, at
several localities, this species also appears to be quite abundant.

Pecten callidus differs from P. suhdolus Hertlein in having
higher, narrower, smooth rather than striate, flat-topped ribs,
the interspaces crossed by very fine lamellae which are largely
lacking in P. suhdolus. It differs from P. cerrosensis Gabb, in
its larger byssal notch, radially sculptured ears, more numer-
ous ribs, and usually smaller size. Possibly P. callidus was
the square-ribbed species from the Fernando formation of
southern California which Arnold referred to P. cerrosensis.

Vol. XIV] HERTLEIN—PECTENS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA 23

A few of the more important references consulted in the
preparation of this paper are:

1903. ARNOLD, R., The Paleontology and stratigraphy of the marine

Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. Mem.
Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 3, 1903.

1904. ARNOLD, R., The faunal relations of the Carrizo Creek beds of

California. < Science, New Series, Vol. 19, 1904, p. 503.

1906. ARNOLD, R., The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California.
Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 47, 1906.

1917. ARNOLD, R., (and CLARK, B. L.), An Apalachicola fauna from
Lower California. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 28, 1917, p.
223.

1906. BOSE, E., Sobre algunas faunas Terciarias de Mexico. Insti-
tuto Geologico de Mexic6 Boletin No. 22, 1906.

1869. GABB, W. M., Geological Survey of California, Paleontology, Vol.
2, 1869.

1915. HEIM, A., Sur La Geologic de la partie meridionale de la Basse

Californie. <Comptes Rendus Ac. d. Sc. Paris, t. 161, 1915,
p. 419.

1916. HEIM, A., Reisen im siidlichen Teil der halbinsel Niederkalifor-

nien. (4 p), Zeitschrift der Ges. f. Erkunde, Berlin, 1916.

1921. HEIM, A., Vulkane in der Umgebung der Oase La Purisima auf

der Halbinsel Niederkalifornien. (1 map, 3 pis., 7 figs.) Zeit-
schrift fiir Vulkanologie, herausgeg. v. Imm. Friedlander, Bd. 6,
1921, pp. 15-21.

1922. HEIM, A., Notes on the Tertiary of Southern Lower California

(Mexico). <Geol. Mag. Vol. 59, 1922, pp. 529-548.

1924. JORDAN, E. K., Quaternary and Recent MoIIuscan Faunas of the
West Coast of Lower California. <Bull. Southern Calif.
Acad. Sci., Vol. 23, pt. 5, 1924, pp. 145-157.

1895. MERRILL, G. P., Notes on the Geology and Natural History of the
Peninsula of Lower California. < Report of the U. S. National
Museum, 1895, pp. 976-995.

1919. SMITH, J. P., Climatic Relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary
Faunas of the California Region. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
4th Ser., Vol. 9, No. 4, 1919, pp. 123-173.

1917. VAUGHAN, T. W., The Reef Coral Fauna of Carrizo Creek, Im^

perial County, California, and its Significance. Prof. Paper
U. S. Geol. Survey No. 98, 1917, pp. 355-376.

24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate I

Fig. 1. Pecten (Plagioctenium) purpuratus Lamarck; X^; plesiotype, left
valve, No. 90 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 116 (L. S. J. U.), Cedros
Island, Salada Pliocene; p. 14.

Fig. 2. Pecten {Pecten) refugioensis Hertlein, new species; natural size; type
right valve. No. 49 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll), .from Loc. 50 (L. S. J. U.), Rancho
Refugio, north of San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. Upper Miocene or
Lower Pliocene; p. 7.

Fig. 3. Pecten {Pecten) heimi Hertlein, new species; X^^; type, right valve,
No. 46 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 65 (L. S. J. U.), southern part of
San Gregorio Arroyo, Lower California; p. 9.

Fig. 4. Pecten {Pecten) hartmanni Hertlein, new species; X%; type, right
valve. No. 48 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 54 (L. S. J. U.), Arroyo
Mesquital, Lower California. Above the yellow silts which are well exposed
in this arroyo. Lower Pliocene? ; p. 8.

Fig. 5. Pecten {Plagioctenium) cerrosensis mendenhalli Arnold; X^; plesio-
type, right valve. No. 91 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 62 (L. S. J. U.),
float five kilometers north of Santa Rosalia, Lower California. Carrizo, Lower
Pliocene? p. 16.

Fig. 6. Pecten {Pecten) hartmanni Hertlein, new species; natural size; type,
same specimen as figure 4; p. 8.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No. 1

HERTLEIN] Plate 1

25 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES' [Proc. 4th Sek.

Plate II

Fig. 1. Pecten (Pecten) aletes Hertlein, new species; X^^; paratype, left
valve, No. 45 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 50 (L. S. J. U.), Rancho
Refugio, north of San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. Upper Miocene or
Lower Pliocene; p. 8.

Fig. 2. Pecten (Aequipecten) percarus Hertlein, new species; X^; type,
right valve, No. 42 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 48 (L. S. J. U.), mouth
of big Arroyo northwest of Elephant Mesa, Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle,
Lower California. Salada, Pliocene; p. 13.

Fig. 3. Pecten (Pecten) beali Hertlein, new species; X%; type, right valve,
No. 55 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 64 (L. S. J. U.), pebbly sandstone
near Comondu-vSalada contact, Arroyo near La Palma, Lower California.
Probably Carrizo, Lower Pliocene? p. 10.

Fig. 4. Pecten (Pecten) aletes Hertlein, new species; X%; type, right valve.
No. 44 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 50 (L. S. J. U.), Rancho Refugio,
north of San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. Upper Miocene or Lower
Pliocene? p. 8.

Fig. 5. Pecten (Aequipecten) percarus Hertlein, new species; X%; type, left
valve; same specimen as Fig. 2; p. 13.

Fig. 6. Pecten (Lyropecten) pretiosus Hertlein, new species; X%; paratype,
left valve, No. 89 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 57 (L. S. J. U.), La
Purisima cliflfs on San Ramon River, Lower California; Isidro formation,
Lower Miocene; p. 12.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser.. Vol. XIV, No. 1

IHERTLEIN 1 Plate 2

r

N

23 CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Sf.r.

Plate III

Fig. 1. Pecten (Plagiocteuium) cristobalensis Hertlein, new species; natural
size; paratype, right valve, No. 94 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.) from Loc. 49 (L. S.
J. U.), slopes of Salada three miles southeast of Turtle Bay, uppermost beds,
San Cristobal Bay Quadrangle, Lower California; vSalada Pliocene; p. 19.

Fig. 2. Pecten (Plagiocteuium) cristobalensis Hertlein, new species; natural
size; type, right valve. No. 36 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.). Same locality as Fig. 1 ;
p. 19."

Fig. 3. Pecten (Pecten) heimi Hertlein, new species; natural size; paratype,
left valve. No. 47 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 65 (L. S. J. U.), southern
part of San Gregorio Arroyo, Lower California. Lower Pliocene? p. 9.

Fig. 4. Pecten (Lyropecten) pretiosus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, right valve. No. 38 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 59 (L. S. J. U.),
Turritella bed above San Gregorio Lagoon, 120 miles north of Magdalena Bay,
Lower California, on the trail from Arroyo Mesquital to La Purisima. Isidro
formation. Lower Miocene; p. 12.

Fig. 5. Pecten (Plagioctenium) cristobalensis Hertlein, new species; natural
size; paratype, left valve. No. 37 (L. vS. J. U. Type Coll.). vSame locality as
Fig. 2; p. 19.

Fig. 6. Pecten (Lyropecten) modulatus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, right valve. No. 39 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 43 (L. S. J. U.),
Mesa west of Mesa de las Auras, Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower Cali-
fornia. Salada (?) Pliocene; p. 11.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No. 1

[HERTLEIN] Plate 3

-^Q CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate IV

Fig. 1. Pecten (Plagioctenium) hakei Hertlein, new species ;X%; type, right
valve, No. 40 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 47 (L. S. J. U.), Turtle Bay,
Lower California. Salada Pliocene; p. 18.

Fig. 2. Pecten (Plagioctenium) purpuratus Lamarck; X^; plesiotype, right
valve. No. 1778 (C. A. S. Type Coll.), from Loc. 930 (C. A. S.), Turtle Bay,
Lower California. Salada Pliocene; p. 14.

Fig. 3. Pecten {Plagioctenium) hakei Hertlein, new species; X%; paratype,
left valve. No. 41 (L. vS. J. U. Type Coll.). LocaHty same as Fig. 1 ; p. 18.

Fig. 4. Pecten {Plagioctenium) purpuratus Lamarck, natural size; plesio-
type, right valve, No. 1779 (C. A. S. Type Coll.), from Loc. 928 (C. A. S.),
Cedros Island, Lower California. Salada Pliocene; p. 14.

Fig. 5. Pecten {Plagioctenium) calli Hertlein, new species; X3; paratype,
right valve. No. 125 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 60 (L. S. J. U.), west
side of Elephant Mesa, Scammon Lagoon Quadrangle, Lower California.
Isidro formation. Lower Miocene; p. 16.

Fig. 6. Pecten {Plagioctenium) calli Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, left valve. No. 68 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 53 (L. S. J. U.), first
arroyo east of Santiago, Lower California. Miocene? p. 16.

Fig. 7. Pecten {Plagioctenium) calli Hertlein, new species; X3; paratype,
left valve of specimen Fig. No. 5. p. 16.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No. 1

[HERTLEINI Plate 4

39 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIESCES [Proc. 4th Skr.

Plate V

Fig. 1. Pecten {Plagioctenhim) callidus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, right valve, No. 53 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 116 (L. S. J. U),
Cedros Island. Salada Pliocene, p. 22.

Fig. 2. Pecten (Plagioctenium) subdolus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
paratype, right valve, No. 52 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 115 (L. S.
J. U.), Pliocene of Pacific Beach, near San Diego, California. San Diego
Pliocene, p. 20.

Fig. 3. Pecten {Plagioctenium) callidus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
paratype, right valve. No. 54 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 116 (L. S.
J. U.), Cedros Island. vSalada Pliocene, p. 22.

Fig. 4. Pecten {Plagioctenium) subdolus Hertlein, new species; natural
size; type, right valve. No. 51 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 115 (L. S.
J. U.), Pliocene of Pacific Beach, near vSan Diego, California. San Diego
Pliocene; p. 20.

Fig. 5. Pecten {Plagioctenium) callidus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, left valve. vSame specimen as Fig. 1; p. 22.

Fig. 6. Pecten {Plagioctenium) callidus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
paratype, left valve. No. 54 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), Same specimen as Fig. 3 ;
p. 22.'

Fig. 7. Pecten {Plagioctenium) subdolus Hertlein, new species; natural size;
type, left valve. Same specimen as Fig. 4; p. 20.

Fig. 8. Pecten (Pecten) beali Hertlein, new species; natural size; paratype,
left valve. No. 56 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 64 (L. S. J. U.), pebbly
sandstone near Comondu-Salada contact, Arroyo near La Palma, Lower Cali-
fornia. Probably Carrizo, Lower Pliocene? p. 10.

Fig. 9. Pecten {Pecten) refugioensis Hertlein, new species; natural size;
paratype, left valve, No. 50 (L. S. J. U. Type Coll.), from Loc. 50 (L. S. J. U.),
Rancho Refugio, north of San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. Upper
Miocene or Lower Pliocene, p. 7.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 1

[HERTLEIN] Plate 5

34

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate VI

Fig. 1. Pecteti (Plagioctenium) cerrosensis Gabb.; XVo; type, right valve
(U. of Calif, collection), from Pliocene of Cedros Island, Lower California.
Salada, Pliocene; p. 15.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 1

HERTLEINl Plate 6

PROCEEDINGS Z^,^**^'^

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp. 37-75. plates 7 and 8 July 21, 1925

II

CONTRIBUTION TO THE TERTIARY PALEON-
TOLOGY OF PERU

BY

G. DALLAS HANNA

AND

MERLE C ISRAELSKY
Department of Paleontology

Introduction

In 1914 Mr. G. C. Gester collected a considerable number
of Tertiary fossils in Peru and soon after presented them to the
California Academy of Sciences. Dr. Roy E. Dickerson, then
Curator of the Department of Paleontology, intended to pre-
pare a report upon the collection for publication, and he identi-
fied many of the species contained therein, but before the Avork
was completed he was called to other duties.

Later, through the kindness of Mr. John G. Burtt of the
Shell Oil Company of California, another collection made in
the same region by Mr. Arthur May was donated to the
Academy.

The purpose of this paper is to place on record these inter-
esting and valuable collections. Through the development of
the petroleum bearing fonnations of northern South America
during recent years much attention has been attracted to the
region and several extensive reports have been published on the
geology and paleontology. Large collections have been made

July 21, 1925

33 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

in Panama and Colombia as well as in Peru, and the Academy
has fared exceedingly well in the distribution of these. It is
believed that the publication of further technical reports on the
paleontology will aid geologists materially in the field work
necessary to an accurate mapping of the areas of prospective
or proved productivity.

In the preparation of this report it was found necessary to
prepare a checklist of species previously described and listed
from the Tertiary of Peru. This has been so exceedingly help-
ful to us that we believe it desirable to publish it at this time
in order that all references to previous systematic work may
be available in one place to future workers. It has been made
as nearly complete as possible and it is not believed many refer-
ences have been missed. In consulting the checklist, however,
it should be remembered that a considerable number of species
have been listed or described from Peru from formations older
than the Tertiary, from the Cretaceous down to and including
the Silurian. We have not collected references to these.

We wish to express the appreciation of the Academy to Mr.
Gester and Mr. Burtt for the collections concerned, and also to
acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr. Dickerson for the work
in the identification of species previous to our attempts.

Previous Work

In 1909 George I. Adams^ published "An Outline Review
of the Geology of Peru" in which he gave a resume of previous
work which had been done. His bibliography (pp. 428-430)
professedly incomplete, contains 41 titles ; these include all the
important papers on the paleontology of the region which had
appeared up to that time. Since then two extensive accounts
of the fossils of the Eocene and Miocene of Peru have apn
peared ; one by Spieker^, the other by Woods, Vaughan, and
Cushman^. As often happens, these books were printed the
same year and since there is a conflict of names it became im-
portant to know which was actually distributed first to the
public. In response to inquiries made of the publishers it has

'Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution for 1908 (1909) pp. 385-430, 5 pis.

* Johns Hopkins University, Studies in Geology, No. 3, September 8, 1922.

• In Bosworth, Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods in the northwest
part of Peru; Macmillan & Co. Ltd., London, October 3, 1922, pp. XXII, 1-434, many
plates.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 39

been learned that Spieker's paper appeared on September 8,
1922*; the Macmillan Company has stated that the vohime by
Bosworth and others was published on October 3, 1922'*;
therefore priority of publication is accredited to Spieker in the
following checklist wherever a conflict has been found.

Space has not been taken to give a running list of the species
in the collections, but each one is noted in its proper place in
the checklist.

List of Collecting Stations in Peru

328.6 "Near the top of a small hill on the south side of Corona peak."
G. C. Gester, Coll. No. 7.

329. "Ridge line near Corona Peak, north coast of Peru." G. C. Gester,

Coll. No. 6.

330. "Timbes Peru : — two miles up river at top of hill." G. C. Gester,

Coll. (Pleistocene.)

331. "Sea cliff; from a sand near the base of shale series, northeast of

Punto Mero, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll.

333. "Cliff near base of shale series, northeast of Punto Mero, Peru."

G. C. Gester, Coll. No. 18.

334. "From sandy shale at Punto Sal Chico, Peru; dip. 25°-30° North."

G. C. Gester, Coll.

335. "Punto Sal Chico, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll.

336. "Near base of organic shale series at Quebrada, northeast of Moss

Peak, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll.

338. "Qiffs of Punto Giganta, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll.

339. "Halfway up sea cliff, midway between Boca Pan and Sechunta, or

about one mile northeast of Boca Pan, Peru." G. C. Gester,
Coll.

340. "Near top of sea cliff one-fourth mile southwest of Eloisa, nearly

one mile southwest of Boca Pan camp, Peru." G. C. Gester,
Coll. No. 2.

341. "On a hill just a little southwest of Giganta Quebrada, Boca Pan,

Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll. No. 3.

342. "South side and one mile from entrance of Culebra Ora, Peru."

G. C. Gester, Coll.

* Letter dated January 14, 1925, from M. L. Raney, Librarian, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity to Dr. Barton W. Evermann, on file at the California Academy of Sciences.

° Letter dated January 13, 1925, from Anne M. Collins, Mail Order Department,
the Macmillan Company, to Dr. Barton W. Evermann, on file at the California
Academy of Sciences.

* All numbers refer to the catalog of the Department of Paleontology, California
Academy of Sciences.

40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

343. "One to one-and-a-fourth miles north of des embarcadero, Culebra,

Ora, Peru." G. C Gester, Coll.

344. "Near top of cliff, above No. 339, midway between Boca Pan and

Sechunta, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll.

345. "Negritos, Peru; one-fourth mile from camp." G. C. Gester, Coll.

346. "Low cliff, near base, just north of Piedros Redondas, Peru." G. C

Gester, Coll.

555. "Cavacha de Conchas, on sea cliff one mile west of Payta, Peru."

G. C. Gester, Coll. No. 4.

556. "One-fourth mile southwest of Eloisa, or nearly one mile southwest

of Boca Pan Well No. 2, Peru." G. C. Gester, Coll. No. 2.
(Same locality as 340, above.)

850. "Quebrada Mancora, Peru ; from transition beds between Heath

shales and Trigal sandstone." Arthur May, Coll. No. 5.

851. "Mouth of Quebrada Mancora, northern Peru; from same horizon

as No. 850." Arthur May, Coll. No. 6.

852. "One mile east of Boca de Quebrada Mancora, Peru; near base of

Heath shale." Arthur May, Coll. No. 8.

853. "Bluff at beach on south side of Caleta Sal, Peru ; transition zone

between Heath shale and Trigal sandstone." Arthur May,
Coll. No. 10.

854. "El Convento (near La Breita) Peru; Carnoas shale." Arthur May,

Coll. No. 11.

855. "Massive white sandstone at Cabo Blanco, Peru." Arthur May,

Coll. No. 16.

856. "At beach one mile north of Negritos, Peru; Parinas sandstone of

Bos worth." Arthur May, Coll. No. 17.

857. "From the lower beds of the Upper Zorritos, Quebrada Boca Pan,

Peru." Arthur May, Coll. No. 18.

858. "Lower Zorritos formation at the head of Quebrada Heath, Peru."

Arthur May, Coll. No. 19.

861. "Turritella beds of the Negritos region, Peru." Arthur May, Coll.

No. 25.

862. "Middle sandy Heath formation at Cerro Marinero, Peru." Arthur

May, Coll. No. 26.

Description of Species

The two collections studied contain a few species which
appear to be undescribed up to this time and a few others,
already described, but for which additional important charac-
ters are shown. These are here taken up in detail.

Vou XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 4I

1. Turritella conquistadorana Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 5

Shell acute-conic, with an apical angle of 15"; suture de-
pressed, with a strong collar-like rib just below; three less
prominent primary ribs below the collar and with minor rib-
lets intercalated. Altitude 23.7 mm. (apex missing) ; diameter
5.1 mm.

Type: No. 1707, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality No.
850 (C.A.S. coll.) "Quebrada Mancora, Peru, Eocene;" Arthur
May, coll.

The new species resembles Turritella humerosa Conrad^ in
general type of sculpture and apical angle, but has a much more
pronounced carina and fewer primary ribs. The ribs on Tur-
ritella merriami Dickerson^ are much finer than on the new
species.

2. Turritella cochleiformis Gabb

Plate 7, figures 6 and 7

Turritella cochleiformis Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 29.
— Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264,
pi. 35, figs, 7, 7a.

The figured specimens, Nos. 1708 and 1709 (C.A.S. coll.)
came from locality No. 555 (C.A.S. coll.), "Cavacha de las
Conchas, one mile west of Payta, Peru, on sea cliff." G. C.
Grester, coll. It is believed that these show the characters of
the species better than the original drawing.

3. Turritella filicincta varicosta Spieker

Plate 8, figure 6

Turritella filicincta var. varicosta Spieker, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies
in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 66, pi. 3, fig. 3.

Opportunity is taken to illustrate the aperture of this vari-
ation and to show the heavy callosity of the inner lip. The

' Maryland Geol. Surv. Eocene, p. 148, pi. 27, figs. 1, la, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins
Press. 1901.

•Dickerson, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., Vol. 7, No. 12, 1913, p. 284, pi.
13, figs. 6a, 6b, 6c.

42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

specimen figured, No. 1710 (C.A.S. coll.), is from locality No.
328 (C.A.S. coll.), "near top of a small hill south of Corona
Peak, Peru." G. C. Gester, coll.

4. Faunus paytensis (Woods)

Plate 8, figure 8

"Cerithium" paytensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 87, pi. 10, figs. 7-9.

The specimen here illustrated has a strong callosity on the
inner lip which shows the species should probably be placed in
the genus Faunus. The specimen figured. No. 1711 (C.A.S.
coll.), is from locality No. 555 (C.A.S. coll.), "Cavacha de
las Conchas, one mile west of Payta, Peru, on sea cliff." G. C.
Gester, coll.

5. Melanatria (?) gesteri Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 8, figures 1-3

Shell, robust, spire turreted, composed of eight post-nuclear
whorls; sutures deeply impressed, bordered above and below
by an irregular, rounded, spiral, ridge; body whorl with these
two ridges and three smaller ones below ; the uppermost of the
three shows above the suture on the penultimate whorl ; colum-
ella twisted, and apparently heavily calloused in full-grown
specimens; these (No. 1712, C.A.S. coll.) have a decided anal
sulcus in the upper angle of the aperture; peristome thin; canal
of moderate length only.

Measurements in millimeters
Number Length Diameter

1712 64.5±5 27.5

1713 52±10 27.0

1714 55±5 26.8

Cotypes: Nos. 1712, 1713, 1714, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
from Loc. 334 (C.A.S. coll.) "Punta Sal Chico. Peru;
Negritos [Eocene] formation;" G. C. Gester, coll.

The series of specimens available for study shows consider-
able variation, as would be expected in this, presumably a
brackish-water inhabiting genus. The depth of the impression
of the suture and the coarseness of the spiral ridges seem to be

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 43

most subject to variation of all the shell characters and the
three specimens chosen for cotypes were selected to illustrate
these points. There is no trace of spines on the spire such as
are found in Pseudo glaucoma lissoni from the same formation.

It is not certain that these large shells belong- to the genus
Melanatria Bowdich, the type of which appears to have been a
spineless species; but for want of a genus where they can be
placed with greater positiveness it seems that this is as satisfac-
tory disposition of them as can be made at present.

The species is named for Mr. G. C. Gester, whose field work
has greatly enriched the collections of the California Academy
of Sciences.

6. Siphonalia phosoidea Hanna & Israelsky, new species
Plate 7, figure 10; plate 8, figures 5, 7

Shell fusiform, ventricose, with apical angle of 38°, gently
shouldered, with short open canal; sculpture consisting of
numerous, nearly equally spaced spiral lirse, those on the base
being coarser than the others; where crossed by growth lines
nodules are formed; axial sculpture consisting of slightly ob-
lique ribs which become strongest at shoulder where they form
nodes (seven on body whorl) ; suture slightly raised, undu-
lating; aperture elliptical, produced anteriorly into a short
open siphonal canal; columella somewhat twisted; altitude
45.4 mm. (spire and canal broken) ; diameter 21 mm.

Type: No. 1716, Mus. Cahf. Acad. Sci., from locality No.
328 (C.A.S. coll.) "near top of small hill south of Corona Peak,
Peru; Zorritos formation;" G. C. Gester, coll.

Paratype: No. 1717, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality
336 (C.A.S. coll.), from near base of organic shale series,
"Quebrada northeast of Moss Peak, Peru;" Zorritos forma-
tion ; G. C. Gester, coll.

We have been unable to find any closely related species with
which to compare this fossil. It is placed in the genus Si-
phonalia, using that name in the broad sense in which western
paleontologists have given it; if present tendencies in nomen-
clature persist, the species inevitably, will be placed in another
group.

44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

7. Clavilithes(?) atahuallpai Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figures 8 and 9

Shell fusoid, with body whorl longer than turreted spire;
ornamented by fine spiral lines, which become rather heavy
on base of body whorl; spire with apical angle of 70° and
strongly noded, the body whorl slightly noded or not at all;
shoulder tabulate for about 1% whorls from aperture; aper-
ture suboval, inclined, notched at shoulder ; anterior canal open,
narrow, curved, about same length as body whorl ; columella
vertical, flexuous ; inner lip slightly calloused ; umbilicus incipi-
ent; measurements of type, No. 1718: altitude 41.9 mm.
(apex broken) ; diameter 24 mm.

Type: No. 1718, paratype No. 1719, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
from locality No. 339, "near top of a small hill south of Corona
Peak, Peru ; Zorritos formation ;" G. C. Gester, coll.

The species has a surprising resemblance to Macron philcp-
delphicus Harris". As the nuclear portion of the shell is miss-
ing, the true systematic position is not known. Furthermore,
certain of the characters appear fasciolaroid and the species
may belong to an undescribed genus.

The species is named for Atahuallpa, the last chief of the
Incas.

8. Clavilithes burtti Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 11

Shell broadly fusiform, heavy, early whorls strongly lirate,
later ones weakly lirate; growth lines distinct; spire short;
whorls sharply keeled at periphery; shoulder flat, inclined out-
ward ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture ovate, opening into an
open, narrow anterior canal; inner lip strongly calloused;
columella nearly straight, smooth; altitude 63.4 mm., (spire
and canal broken) ; diameter 37.3 mm.

Type: No. 1720, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality No.
850 (C.A.S. coll.) from "Quebrada Mancora, Peru; Eocene;"
Arthur May, coll.

•Harris, Bull. 11, Vol. 3, Amer. Paleont., pi. 7, fig. 8.

Vol. X1\'] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 45

This species may readily be distinguished from those de-
scribed by Woods by its much shorter spire.

Named for Mr. John G. Burtt of the Shell Oil Company, of
California, through whose efforts a considerable number of
specimens were received for this study.

9. "Surcula" mayi Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 12

Shell thick, broadly fusiform; apical angle 70°; spire less
than half as high as body whorl; whorls sharply angulated;
fine spiral striations over whole of shell ; strong nodes occur
on angulation of whorls; 15 on body whorl; shoulder some-
what concave; growth lines indistinct on type; aperture ovate;
inner lip heavily calloused ; a low, rounded, elongated tooth is
present on the columella near the upper termination of the
peristome, thus resembling many members of the family Bur-
sidae; canal of moderate length, slightly twisted. Altitude
62.9 mm. (spire and canal broken) ; diameter 38 mm.

Type: No. 1721, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality No. 850
(C.A.S. coll.) from "Quebradd Mancora, Peru; Eocene;"
Arthur May, coll.

This species can readily be distinguished from Surcula
thompsoni WooDS^^by its greater apical angle and more numer-
ous tubercles and from Surcula occidentalis Woods" by its
relatively lower spire and greater angulation of the whorls.

The species is named for Mr. Arthur May, who collected it
and several of the other forms described herein.

In accordance with present-day usage we have placed this
large shell in the genus Surcula, although with a feeling that if
generic discrimination continues in the future as it has of late
years it must inevitably be transferred to some other group;
typically, Surcula is a very different organism^^.

" WcKxis, in Bosworth, Geology of N.W. Peru, Macmillan & Co., London, 1922, pi.
17, figs. 1, 2, 3.

" Qp. Cit., pi. 16, figs. 7, 8, 9, 10.

'^ See in this connection Anderson & Hanna, Fauna of the Type Tejon Eocene, Dec.
Pprs. 11, Calif. Acad. Sci., 1925, p. 82.

45 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

10. Natica coronis Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 8, figure 4

Spire very high, composed of 5^ whorls which are evenly
rounded and symmetrical; umbilicus partially open; parietal
wall covered with a greatly thickened callous deposit; suture
not deeply impressed. Altitude 34 mm. (originally about
38 mm.) ; diameter 25 mm.

Type: No. 1715, Mus. Cahf. Acad. Sci., from Loc. 328
(C.A.S. coll.) "near the top of a small hill on the south side of
Corona Peak, Peru; Zorritos formation;" G. C. Gester, coll.

The exceedingly high spire of this species has made it im-
possible to identify it with any of those previously described
from the region. It has a still higher spire than Natica sub-
clansa Sowerby^^, a very common and well known species from
the Miocene of Santo Domingo, Gatun, Colombia and else-
where.

11. Crassatellites pizarroi Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 1

Shell medium in size, ledaeform, ornamentation consisting
of concentric ribbing and deep, well defined lunule ; escutcheon
present ; beaks depressed ; anterior end of shell well rounded,
posterior elongated ; length 36.4 mm. ; height 22 mm. ; thick-
ness 13.2 mm.

Type: No. 1722, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 858
(C.A.S. coll.) "head of Quebrada Heath, Peru; Zorritos form-
ation, Miocene;" Arthur May, coll.

The species is named for Francis Pizarro, the Spanish con-
queror of Peru. It resembles in a general way C. berryi
Spieker from the same formation, but lacks the very conspicu-
ous concentric sculpture and the posterior angulation of that
species.

"Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. 6. 1849, p. SI. See Maury, Bull. 29, Am. Paleo.,
1917, p. 136, pi. 23, fig. 14, for bibliographic references and notes.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 47

12. Macrocallista cavachana Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 3

Shell small, ovate, very inequilateral ; beak situated about
one-fourth the distance from the anterior end, incurved and
prosogyrous; dorsal slopes steep, basal margin broadly round-
ed ; lunule flat, not deeply circumscribed ; escutcheon not well
defined; sculpture consisting of fine, concentric striae only;
hinge plate narrow, not well preserved in type; length 23.5
mm.; height 17.3 mm.; thickness, (1 valve) 5.7 mm.

Type: No. 1723, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality No.
555 (C.A.S. coll.) "Cavacha de las Conchas, one mile west of
Payta, Peru, on sea-cliff ; Eocene ;" G. C. Gester, coll.

The new species resembles in outline Macrocallista helencB
Spieker^^, from the Zorritos, but lacks the comparatively heavy
ribbing of that species,

13. Chione sechuntana Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 2

Shell small, ovate-cordiform, sub-trigonal, gibbose, radiately
and concentrically ribbed; beaks prominent, inflated, incurved
and directed forward, situated about a third the distance from
the anterior end; anterior end short, convex; posterior slope
nearly straight along hinge line ; basal margin gently rounded,
slightly notched posteriorly due to slight flexuosity; lunule
round, well defined; escutcheon short and broad; length 21.5
mm. ; height 19 mm. ; diameter 15.7 mm.

Type: No. 1724, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality No.
339 (C.A.S. coll.) "sea cliff, halfway between Boca Pan and
Sechunta, one mile northeast of Boca Pan, Peru; Zorritos
formation ;" G. C. Gester, coll.

14. Corbula woodsi Hanna & Israelsky, new species

Plate 7, figure 4

Shell subtrigonal, inequivalve, the left being the larger; in-
equilateral, gibbose, sharply angled behind; strongly and con-
centrically striated ; beaks prominent, the right being a little the

" Spieker, Johns Hopkins Univ., Studies in Geology No. 3, Baltimore, 1922, p. 145,
pi. 9, figs. 3, 4.

48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

higher; both twisted inwardly and sHghtly forward; lunule
not well defined; escutcheon long, broadly elliptical; a very
deep channel, posterior to the beak tends to form a rostrum;
length 17 mm. ; height 13 mm. ; diameter 10.1 mm.

Type: No. 1725, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from Loc. No. 555
(C.A.S. coll.) "Cavacha de las Conchas, one mile west of
Payta, Peru ; on sea-cliff ; Eocene ;" G. C. Gester, coll.

Named for Dr. Henry Woods, the eminent English paleon-
tologist, in recognition of his work on the paleontology of
Peru.

It is recognized that in the deep posterior channel this shell
departs from the usual Corbula-form, but we have not been
able to place it \\^th certainty in any other group.

Checklist of Species of Peruvian Tertiary
Paleontology

In the following checklist names of genera and species are
arranged alphabetically as used by the various authors. Cross
references to changes in nomenclature are supplied. In the
preparation of the list it has been found that several Peruvian
species have been given specific names which were not valid
according to the rules of nomenclature in current use and
these have been renamed herein. No attempt has been made
to correct the genus-names except in those cases where the
species have been considered in the foregoing part of this
paper, or in the identification of the two collections concerned.

The following is a list of new names proposed :

Ampullina woodsi Turritella supraconcava

Qavilithes atahuallpai Area retractata

Clavilithes burtti Cardium spiekeri

Columbella paytana Chione sechuntana

Fusus talaraensis Corbula talarana

Melanatria gesteri Crassatellites pizarroi

Natica coronis Lucina talarana

Siphonalia phosoidea Macrocallista cavachana

Surcula mayi Pecten incus

Terebra nelsoni Corbula woodsi
Turritella conquistadorana

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 49

Gastropoda

Ampullina gabbi Woods. See Ampullina woodsi Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Ampullina ortoni Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5, 1869, p. 27; Payta,
Peru ; Tertiary. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vol. 8, ser.
2, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, fig. 3; (Euspira). [Loc. 555, C.A.S. coll.]

Ampullina paytensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 77, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.

Ampullina woodsi Hanna & Israelsky, new name. [Loc. 335, C.A.S.
coll.]

Ampullina gabbi Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 77, pi. 7, fig. 2. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
Not Natica (Ampullina) gabbi Clark, Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol.
Vol. 11, 1917, p. 166, pi. 19, figs. 12, 14, 15; San Lorenzo Oligocene,
California.

Aphera peruana Nelson. See Caticellaria peruana (Nelson).

Argobuccinum sorritense Nelson. See Nassa sorritensis (Nelson).

Besauconia pupoidea Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 89, pi. 11, figs. 6-8. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Bulla sp. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol, 2, pt. 1,
1870, p. 186, not. fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Calliostoma noduliferum Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 187, pi. 6, fig. 1. Zorritos, Peru.
Calliostoma (Eutrochus) noduliferum Nelson, Spieker, Pal. Zor-
ritos Form., Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 92, pi. 1, figs. 7, 8. Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 556,
C.A.S. coll.]

Cancellaria bradleyi Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1. 1870, p. 192, pi. 6, figs. 8, 9. Zorritos, Peru.

Cancellaria la/rkinii Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 192, pi. 6, fig. 7. Zorritos, Peru.

Cancellaria (Aphera) peruana (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology of the
Zorritos Formation Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology No,

3, p. 42, pi. 4, fig. 13. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Aphera peruana Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 190, pi. 6, fig. 3. Zorritos, Peru.

Cancellaria spatiosa Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 191, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Cancellaria triangularis Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 191, pi. 6, fig. 10. Zorritos, Peru.

Cerithium chatwini Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 88, pi. 11, figs. 3-5. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Cerithium grillanum Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 57, pi. 2,
fig. 10. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Cerithium infranodatum Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 56, pi.
2, fig. 9. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Cerithium Iceviusculum Gabb, Amer. Jour. Conch. Vol. 5, 1896, p. 27, Payta,
Peru, Tertiary. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol.
8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, fig. 4.

Cerithium negritosense Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 87, pi. 11, figs. 1, 2. Negritos Formation, Exjcene.

"Cerithium" paytense Woods. See Faunus paytensis (Woods).

Clavella solida Nelson. See Triumphus solida (Spieker).

"ClcKuilithes" atahuallpai Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 44, pi. 7,

figs. 8, 9, Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Clannlithes burtti Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 11.

Eocene.
Clavilithes harrisi Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,

1922, p. 97, pi. 13, figs. 5, 6. Negritos and Lobitos Formations,

Eocene.

Clavilithes incertus Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 100, pi. 14, fig. 3. Negritos Formation, (var. ? in Lobitos),
Eocene.

Clavilithes pacificus Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 99, pi. 13, fig. 10; pi. 14, figs. 1, 2. Negritos and Lower
Lobitos Formations, Eocene. [Loc. 850, C.A.S. coll.]

Clavilithes peruvianus Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern

Peru, 1922, p. 98, pi. 13, figs. 7-9. Negritos and Lobitos Formations,

Eocene.
Columhella buccata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch ftir Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.

Bd. 12, 1899, p. 647, pi. 19, fig. 7. Talara Formation, Miocene.
Columbella longistoma Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal.

Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 648, pi. 19, fig. 9. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Columbella paytana Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Columbella tu^rita Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol.

Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 648, pi. 19, fig. 11. Talara Formation,

Miocene.

Not Columhella turrita Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p.

115.
Columbella turrita Grzybowski. See Columhella paytana Hanna &

Israelsky, new name.
Conus berryi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns

Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 4.

Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU ^\

Conus bocapanensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 38, pi. 1,
fig. 3, Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Conus sp. ind., A. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 194, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Comts cacuminatus Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 40, pi. 1,
fig. 5. Upper Zorritos ( ?) Formation, Miocene.
Conus sp. ind., B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 194, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Conus molis var. bravoi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 2, 1922, p. 41, pi. 1,
fig. 6. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Conus sp. ind., C. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 194, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Conus multiliratus var. gasa Johnson & Pilsbry, Spieker, Paleontology
of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology
No. 3, 1922, p. 37. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Conus (Litlwconus) sp. Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 108. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.

ConuSj sp. ind. A, Nelson. See Conus bocapanensis Spieker.

Conus, sp. ind. B, Nelson. See Conus cacuminatus Spieker.

Conus, sp. ind. C, Nelson. See Conus molis bravoi Spieker.

Crepidula, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 187, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.
Crucibulum inerme Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 188, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Cuma alternata Nelson. See Solenosteira alternata (Nelson).

Cyprcea angustirima Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 55, pi. 2,
figs. 7, 8. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Diastoma americanum Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 92, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Dientomochilus (Ectinochilus) cf. laqueata (Conrad), Woods, in Bos-
worth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 92, pi. 12, fig. 3.
Lobitos Formation, Eocene.

Dolium (Malea) camura (Guppy), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 52. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Dolium (Malea) sp. indet., Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology No. 3, 1922, p. 53.
Variegated Zorritos, Miocene.

Eovasum peruvianum Douville, Journ. de Cbnch. Vol. 66, 1921, p. 4, pi.
1, figs. 4a, 4b, 5. [Eocene], Peru.

52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Faunus (?) lagunitensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 86, pi. 10, figs. 4-6. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.

Faunus paytensis (Woods).

"Cerithitim" paytense Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwest
Peru, 1922, p. 87, pi. 10, figs. 7-9. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.
Faunus paytense (Woods), Hanna & Israelsky, this paper,
p. 42, pi. 8, fig. 8. [Locs. 555, 854, C.A.S. coll.]

Fusus inflatus Grzybowski. See Fusus talaraensis Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Fusus paytensis Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 25. — Gabb,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, figs.

1, la. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Fusus talaraensis Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Fustis inflatus Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.
Bd. 12, 1899, p. 648, pi. 19, fig. 5. Talara Formation, Miocene.
Not Fusus inflatus Dunker, Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschr. Conch.,
Vol. 2, 1842-1851, p. 19, pi. 4, fig. 3.
(Several times otherwise preoccupied.)

Littorina laqueata Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 28. Tertiary,
Payta, Peru. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 8,
1878, p. 264, pi. 35, fig. 5.

Malea, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Cbnn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
1870, pt. 1, p. 196, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Marginella incrassata Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 197, pi. 6, figs, 5, 6. Zorritos, Peru. — Spieker,
Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ.
Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 43, pi. 1, fig. 9. Zorritos Forma-
tion, Miocene.

Melanatria acanthica Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 84, pi. 9, figs. 12-14. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Melanatria dimorphica Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 83, pi. 9, fig. 11. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Mehnatria gesteri Hanna & Israelsky, new species ; this report, p. 42.

Melanatria propinqua Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 85, pi. 10, fig. 1. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Melanatria venusta Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 85, pi. 10, fig. 2. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Mitra, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,

pt. 1, 1870, p. 197, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.
Mitra labiata^^ Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fur Min., Geol., Pal., Bl. Bd.

12, 1899, p. 649, pi. 19, fig. 10. Talara Formation, Miocene.

"CossMANN & PisSARO, Iconograph, 1907-1913, Vol. 2, pi. 42, figs. 202-210, illustrate
a species from the Eocene of the Paris Basin which they call Mitra (Mitreola) labiata
(Chemnitz). In the limited time available for search it has not been possible to
ascertain whether Grzybowski's name for the Peruvian fossil conflicts with this one or
not.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 53

Morgania costata Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 83, pi. 9, figs. 7-10. Negritos Formations, Eocene.

Morgania magna Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 82, pi. 9, figs. 5, 6. Negritos Formation (probably also Lower
Lobitos), Eocene.

Murex laqueoratus Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 51, pi. 2,
fig. 4. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Myurella tuberosa Nelson. See Terebra nelsoni Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Myurella, sp. ind. A, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 193, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Myurella, sp. ind. B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 193, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Nassa lagunitensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 95, pi. 12, fig. 12, pi. 13, fig. 1. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.
[Loc. 850, CA.S. coll.]

Nassa sorritensis (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 48, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Variegated Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Argobuccintim sorritense Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and
Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 196, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2. Zorritos, Peru.

Natica coronis Hanna & Israelsky, new species, this paper, p. 46, pi, 8,
fig. 4. Zorritos.

Natica elata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12,
1899, p. 642, pi. 20, fig. 8. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Natica (Naticina) sp. Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 77, pi. 6, fig. 9; pi. 7, fig. 1, Lobitos Formation,
Eocene.

Oliva, sp. ind., A, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 197, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Oliva, sp. ind., B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 197, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Olivancillaria eocenica Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 105, pi. 16, figs. 3, 4. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Olivancillaria (Agaronia) peruviana Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of
Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 106, pi. 16, figs. 5, 6. Lobitos Forma-
tion, Eocene. [Loc. 328, CA.S. coll.]

Phos (?) latirugatus Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 46, pi. 1, fig.
12. Lower Zorritos, Miocene.

Pirena peruviana Douville, Journ. de Conch. Vol. 66, 1921, p. 11, pi.
2, fig. 3 [Eocene], Peru. [In the explanation of the plate, the name
peruviana is given as a race of P. vellicata Bellardi.]

54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Pleurotonia, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 194, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Polinices porcana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, p. 88, pi. 4, fig. 9. Lower
Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Polinices subangulata Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 195, pi. 6, figs. 4, 12, 13. Zorritos, Peru.—
Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins
Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 87, pi. 4, fig. 8. Lower
Zorritos and Variegated Formations, Miocene.

Potamides occidentalis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 90, pi. 11, fig. 19. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
[Loc. 857, C.A.S. coll.]

Potamides ormei var. infraliratus Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 11. Lower and Upper Zorritos Formations, Mio-
cene. [Locs. 329, 338, C.A.S. coll.]

Pseudoglauconia lissoni Douville, Journ. Conchyl. Vol. 66, 1921, pp. 8, 9,
fig. 1, pi. 2, fig. 1. [Eocene], Peru.

Woods in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 85,
pi. 10, fig. 3. Negritos Formation, possibly Lower Lobitos, Eocene.
[Loc. 857, C.A.S. coll.]

Pseudoliva mutabilis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 94, pi. 12, figs. 7-11. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
[Loc. 331, CA.S. coll.]

Pseudoliva parinasensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 93, pi. 12, figs. 4, 6. Negritos and Lobitos Formations,
Eocene. [Loc. 333, C.A.S. coll.]

Puncturella phrygia Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 642, pi. 20, figs. 12, 12a. Zorritos, Miocene.

Purpura chocolatum Duclos, Gabb, Am. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 26,
Payta, Peru, Tertiary.

Pyrula peruviana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 54, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6.
Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Pyrula roseta Grzybowski. See Triumphis solida (Nelson).

Sigaretus excentricus Guppy, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min.

Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 643, pi. 20, fig. 9. Talara Formation,

Miocene.
Siniim coralanum Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns

Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 89, pi. 4, fig. 10.

Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 331, C.A.S. coll.]
Siphonalia phosoidea Hanna & Israelsky, new species this paper, p. 43,

pi. 7, fig. 10, pi. 8, figs. 5, 7. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Vol. XI\'l HANNA AXD ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 55

Solarium nelsoni Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 76, pi. 6, figs. 6-8. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Solarium sexlineare Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 194, pi. 6, fig. 11. Zorritos, Peru. — Grzybowski,
Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12. 1899, p. 642 (name
spelled "sexlineatum" p. 655.), pi. 20, fig. 13. Zorritos Formation,
Miocene. — Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 109, pi. 18, fig. 1. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Solenosteira altcrnata (Nelson) Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 45, pi. 1, figs. 10, 11. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Cuma alternata Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 198, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4. Zorritos, Peru.

Strepsidura pacifica Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 96, pi. 13, figs. 2-4. Negritos and Lower Lobitos
Formations, Eocene.

Strombina lanceolata (Sowerby), Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and
Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 198. Zorritos, Peru.

Strombus furcatus Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch fiir Min. Geol. Pal. Bl,
Bd. 12, 1899, pi. 20, figs. 14, 14a. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Strombus, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 192. Zorritos, Peru.
Struthiolaria guttifera Grzybowski, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min. Geol. Pal.

Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 647, pi. 19, fig. 8. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

"Surcula" mayi Hanna & Israelsky, new species, this paper, p. 45, pi. 7,
fig. 12. Eocene.

Surcula occidcntalis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 106, pi. 16, figs. 7-10. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Surcula thompsoni Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 107, pi. 17, figs. 1, 2. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Sycum americanum Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 101, pi. 14, fig. 4. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Telescopium peruvianum Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 91, pi. 11, figs. 13, 14. Lobitos Formation, Eocene.

Terebra gausapata var. herviderana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 35, pi. 1, fig. 1. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Terebra nelsoni Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Myurella tuberosa Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,

Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 193, not fig'd.

Terebra tuberosa (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos

Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,

p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 2. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Not Terebra tuberosa Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p.

152.

5^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Terebra tuberosa (Nelson). See Tercbra nelsoni Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Tritonhim pernodosum Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 26,
Tertiary, Payta, Peru. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2,
Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, fig. 2.

Triumphis solida (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geology, No. 3, 1922, p.
49, pi. 2, fig. 3. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 328,
C.A.S. coll.]

Clavella solida Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 199, not figured. Zorritos, Peru.
Pyrula roseta Grzybowski, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 648, pi. 19, fig. 6. Zorritos Formation.

Turbo belli Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 91, pi. 4, fig. 11.
Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Collopoma lineatum Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 187, pi. 6, fig. 2. Zorritos, Peru.
Not Turbo lineatus Da Costa, Brit. Conch. 1778, p. 100.

Turbo belli var. cequifilicatum Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 92, pi. 4, fig. 12. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Turritella sp. cf. altilira Conrad, Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 110, pi. 19, figs. 2-4. Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Turritella altilira Conrad, Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 59,
pi. 2, fig. 12. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 856,
C.A.S. coll.]

Turritella altilirata Conrad, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 645, pi. 20, fig. 7. (Spelled altilirata after
Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, p. 341, pi. 44, figs. 9, 9a.)
Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [See Turritella altilira Conrad.]

Turritella alttirana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 62, pi. 2,
fig. 13 (reads 3 in text). Horizon unknown.

Turritella plana Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 188, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.
Not Turritella plana, McCoy or Brinkhorst, 1861.

Turritella anceps Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 81, pi. 8, figs. 12, 13; pi. 9, figs. 1, 2. Negritos Formation,
Eocene. [Loc. 856, CA.S. coll.]

Turritella annectens Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwest Peru,
1922, p. 81, pi. 9, figs. 3, 4. Negritos and Lobitos Formations,
Eocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 57

Turritella bifastigata Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 189, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.— Spieker,
Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ.
Studies Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 63, pi. 3, fig. 1. Upper Zorritos
Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 329, C.A.S. coll.]

Turritella hosworthi Woods, in Boswqrth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 80, pi. 8, figs. 8-10. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
[Loc. 855, C.A.S. coll.]

Turritella clwrana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 86, pi. 4,
fig. 7. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 338, CA.S. coll.]

Turritella cochleiformis Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 29,
Payta, Peru, Tertiary. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser.
2, Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, figs. 7, 7a. [Loc. 555, C.A.S. coll.]

Turritella conquistadorana Hanna & Israelsky, new species, this paper,
p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 5, Eocene.

Turritella dickersoni Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 79, pi. 8, figs. 6, 7. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
[Loc. 850, CA.S. coll.]

Turritella douuillei Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 80, pi. 8, fig. 11. Negritos Formation, Eocene.

Turritella (Haustator) filicincta Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, p. 645, pi. 20, fig. 2. Heath Formation, Miocene.—
Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins
Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 65, pi. 3, fig. 2. Lower
Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Turritella filicincta var. varicosta Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 66, pi. 3, fig. 3. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Locs.
328, 556, CA.S. coll.]

Turritella (Haustator) gabhiana Grzybowski, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 646, pi. 20, fig. 11. Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Turritella gothica Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 645, pi. 20, fig. 10. Zorritos Formation, Miocene. —
Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 110.
Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 329, C.A.S. coll.]

Turritella inca Grzybowski, Neues Jarhb. Min Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, p.
644, pi. 20, fig. 1. Zorritos Formation, Miocene. — Spieker, Paleon-
tology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in
Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 7d. Upper Zorritos or Variegated Forma-"
tion, Miocene.

Turritella inca var. trita Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 73,
pi. 3, fig. 4. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

July 21, 1925

58 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser,

Turritella inconspicua Grzybowski. See Turritella prenuncia var. in-

conspicua Grzy.
Turritella infracarinata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.

Bd. 12, 1899, p. 643, pi. 20, fig. 5. Zorritos Formation, Miocene. —

Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins

Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 79, pi. 3, figs. 9, 10. Upper

Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. ZZZ, C.A.S. coll.]
Not Turritella infracarinata Grzybowski, Woods, in Bosworth,

Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 109, pi. 18, figs. 2, 3. See

T. nelsoni Spieker.
Turritella infracarinata var. sorritoensis Spieker, Paleontology of the

Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.

3, 1922, p. 80, pi. 3, fig. 11. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Turritella lissoni Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,

1922, p. 79, pi. 8, figs. 4, 5. Negritos Formation, Eocene.
Turritella negritosensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern

Peru, 1922, p. 78, pi. 7, figs. 5-7; pi. 8, figs. 1-3. Negritos Formation,

Eocene. [Locs. 345, 861, C.A.S. coll.]
Turritella nelsoni Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns

Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 74, pi. 3, figs.

5, 6. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Locs. 328, 336, C.A.S.

coll.]

Turitella suturalis Nelson (in part). Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and

Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 188, not figured. Zorritos, Peru.

Turritella infracarinata Grzybowski, Woods, in Bosworth, Geology

of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 109, pi. 18, figs. 2, 3. Zorritos

Formation, Miocene.
Turritella nelsoni var. rotundata Grzybowski, Spieker, Paleontology of

the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,

No. 3, 1922, p. 77, pi. 3, fig. 7. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Turritella rotundata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal. BI.

Bd. 12, p. 643, pi. 20, fig. 6. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Turritella suturalis Nelson (in part), Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and

Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 188.
Turritella nelsoni var. trullissatia Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos

Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,

p. 78, pi. 3, fig. 8. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Turritella prenuncia Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,

Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, p. 81, pi. 4, figs.

1-3. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 331, C.A.S. coll.]
Turritella prenuncia var. inconspicua Grzybowski, Spieker, Paleontology

of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in

Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 83, pi. 4, fig. 4. Zorritos Formation,

Miocene.

Turritella inconspicua Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol.

Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 644, pi. 20, fig. 4, Zorritos Formation,

Miocene. v

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 59

Turritella (Haiustator) robusta Grzybowski. See Turritella supraconcava
Hanna & IsRAELSKY, ncw name.

Turritella robusta var. abrupta Spieker. See Turritella supraconcava var.
abrupta Spieker.

Turritella rotundata Grzybowski. See Turritella nelsoni var. rotundata
Grzybowski.

Turritella supraconcava Hanna & Israelsky, new name. [Loc. 555, C.A.S.
coll.]

Turritella (Haustator) robusta Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min.
Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 646, pi. 20, fig. 3. Zorritos Formation,
Miocene. — Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 84, pi. 4, fig. 5.
Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene. Turritella, sp. ind. Nelson,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 190,
not fig'd. Zorritos. — Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 110, pi. 18, fig. 4, pi. 19, fig. 1. Zorritos
Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 555, C.A.S. coll.].

Not Turritella robusta Gabb, Geol. Surv. Calif. Vol. 1, 1864, p. 135,
pi. 21, fig. 94. Cretaceous, California.

Turritella supraconcava var. abrupta Spieker.

Turritella robusta var. abrupta Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorri-
tos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 85, pi. 4, fig. 6. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Turritella suturalis Nelson. See Turritella nelsoni Spieker and Turri-
tella nelsoni var. rotundata Grzybowski.

Turritella tricarinata Brocchi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 644. Ovibo Formation, Oligocene. (This
name was applied to a European fossil by Brocchi.)

Turritella sp. ind. Nelson. See Turritella supraconcava Hanna &
Israelsky, new name.

Tympanotonus lagunitensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 90, pi. 11, figs. 10-12. Lobitos Formation,
Eocene.

Uvanilla, sp. ind.. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 187, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Vermetus, sp. ind.. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, 188, not fig'd. Zorritos.

Volutilithes plicifera Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 28, Ter-
tiary, Payta, Peru. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2,
Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, fig. 6 (Volutoderma).

V olutospina crassiuscula Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 104, pi. 15, figs. 6, 7; pi. 16, fig. 1. Negritos Formation,
Eocene.

Volutospina meridionalis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 105, pi. 16, fig. 2. Negritos and Lower Lobitos Forma-
tions, Eocene.

5Q CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser,

Volutospina peruviana Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 101, pi. 14, figs. 5-7; pi. 15, figs. 1-5. Negritos and
Lobitos Formations, Eocene. [Loc. 850, C.A.S. coll.]

Pelecypoda

Amiantis incrassata var. ovoidalis Sacco, Spieker, Paleontology of the
Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.
3, 1922, p. 146, pi. 9, fig. 5. Zorritos Formation?, Miocene.

Anomia berryi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 127, pi. 7, figs.
6, 7. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Anomia, sp. ind.. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 206, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Area (Scapharca) charanensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 109, pi. 5, fig. 15. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Noetia) eholana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 95, pi. 5,
figs. 2, 3. Variegated (near base) Formation, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) erescetis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 116,
pi. 6, figs. 3, 4. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) fissicosta Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 102, pi. 5, fig. 11. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) hispaniolana Maury (?), Spieker, Paleontology of the
Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.
3, p. 110. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) imporcata Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos

Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,

p. 113, pi. 5, figs. 19, 20. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area larkinii Nelson, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Greol.

Pal., Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 633.
Area larkinii Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2, pt.

1, 1870, p. 204, pi. 7, figs. 5, 6, 7. Zorritos, Peru. [Locs. 329, 338,

341, 346, C.A.S. coll.]

Area (Scapharca) larkinii Nelson, Spieker, Paleontology of the

Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.

3, 1922, p. Ill, pi. 5, figs. 16-18. Horizon not known.

Not Area larkinii Nelson, Grzybowski. See Area imporcata

Spieker.
Area (Noetia) modcsta Grzybowski. See Area retraetata Hanna &

Israelsky, new name. Zorritos Formation.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 61

Area (Anadara) nelsoni Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 119, pi.
6, figs. 7, 8. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area obesiforniis Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 633, pi. 18, figs. 3, 3a. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Area (Scapharca) obesiforniis Grzybowski, Spieker, Paleontology
of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in
Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 115, pi. 6, figs. 1, 2. Upper Zorritos Forma-
tion, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) pantheonensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 99, pi. 5, figs. 8, 9. Variegated Formation, Miocene.

Area raimondii Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 31, Tertiary,
Payta, Peru. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 8,
1876, p. 264, pi. 35, figs. 10, 10a.

Area retractata Hanna & Israelsky, new name. [Loc. 328, C.A.S. coll.]
Area (Noetia) modesta Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 635, pi. 18, figs. 4, 4a. Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Not Area modesta Winchell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863,
p. 15.

Area reversa Gray, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl,
Bd. 12, 1899, p. 634, pi. 17, figs. 1, la. Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Area septifera Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12,
1899, p. 633, pi. 18, figs. 2, 2a. Zorritos Formation, Peru.
Area (Anadara) septifera Grzybowski, Spieker, Paleontology of
the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geologfy,
No. 3, 1922, p. 117, pi. 6, figs. 5, 6. Upper Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) singewaldi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, p.
103, pi. 5, figs. 12, 13. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Scapharca) singewaldi var. doma Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 106. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Anadara) toroensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 121,
pi. 6, figs. 9, 10; pi. 7, fig. 1. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Anadara) toroensis var. erassa Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 124, pi. 7, fig. 2. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Anadara) toroensis var. prolata Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 125, pi. 7, fig. 3. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Area valdiviana Philippi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, p. 632, pi. 18, figs. 1, la. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Seapharca) vanholsti Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 106,
pi. 5, fig. 14. Lower Zorritos (base) Formation, Miocene.

Area (Seapharca) zapotalensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 101, pi. 5, fig. 10. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Area (Cunearca) zorritensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 96,
pi. 5, figs. 4, 5. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Seapharca, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, 1870, p. 205, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Not Scaphairca zorritoensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of
Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 112, pi. 18, fig. 5.

Area (Cunearca) sp. ind. Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 98,
pi. 5, figs. 6-7. Variegated Formation, Miocene.

Axincea paytensis d'Orbigny, Gabb. See Glycymeris paytensis (d'Orb.)
Gabb.

Barbatia sp. Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922,
p. 62, pi. 1, fig. 4. Negritos, Eocene.

Callista (Macroeallista) dickersoni Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of
Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 71, pi. 4, fig. 6. Negritos, Eocene.

Cardium affinis Nelson. See Cardium spiekeri Hanna & Israelsky, new
name.

Cardium (Trachycardium) peruvianum Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 135, pi. 8, fig. 1. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Cardium, sp. ind.. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 203, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Cardium pertenue Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 30. Ter-
tiary, Payta, Peru. (Subgenus Lcevieardium). — Gabb, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. Ser. 2, Vol. 8, 1878, p. 264, pi. 35, figs. 9, 9a.

Cardium proeurvatum Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.
Bd. 12, 1899, p. 638, pi. 17, figs. 2, 2a. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Cardium spiekeri Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Cardium (Trigoniocardia) affinis (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology

of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,

No. 3, 1922, p. 136, pi. 8, figs. 2, 3. Lower Zorritos Formation,

Miocene.

Hemieardia affinis Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,

Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 204, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Not Cardium affine von Munster, Neues Jahrbuch, Min., 1835, p.

438.

Vol. XIV] HANNA ANb ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 53

Cardium subaucanum Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 637, not fig'd. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Cardium tcnuimargo Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.
Bd. 12, 1899, p. 638, pi. 17, fig. 13. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Cardium (Trachycardium) zorritcnsis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 134, pi. 7, fig. 12. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Chione (Chione) angelana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 152,
pi. 9, figs. 10, 11. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Chione sp. ind., B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 203, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Chione (Lirophora) hendersonii Dall, Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-^
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 154. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene. [Loc. 859, C.A.S.
coll.]

Chione (Liroplwra) latilirata (Conrad), Spieker, Paleontology of the
Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.
3, 1922, p. 155. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Chione (Chione) propinqua Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 152,
pi. 9, fig. 12. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Chione sechuntana Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 2.
Zorritos.

Chione variabilis Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 202, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru. — Spieker, Paleontology
of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,
No. 3, 1922, p. 150, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9. Upper Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Chione, sp. ind^ A, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.

2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 202, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.
Chione, sp. ind. B, Nelson. See Chione (Chione) angelana Spieker.
dementia dariena (Conrad), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos

Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,

p. 141, pi. 8, fig. 5. Lower and Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

[Loc. 338, C.A.S. coll.]

fHarvella, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,

Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.
dementia sp., cf. dariena (Conrad), Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of

Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 113, pi. 20, fig. 4. Zorritos Formation,

Miocene.

Corbula (Cuneocorbula) acutirostra Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 176, pi. 10, figs. 18, 19. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Corbula arnoldi Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 74, pi. 5, figs. 7, 8. Negritos, Eocene.

Corbula bradleyi Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 200, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Corbula (Albidis) bradleyi Nelson, Spieker, Paleontologfy of the
Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
p. 171, pi. 10, figs. 13, 14. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Corbula (Cuneo corbula) bravoan-a Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 174, pi. 10, fig. 17. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Corbula (Cuneocorbula) fabiformis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 172, pi. 10, fig. 15. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Corbula lanceolata Grzybowski. See Corbula talarana Hanna & Israel-
sky, new name.

Corbula parinasensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 75, pi. 6, figs. 2, 3. Negritos, Eocene.

Corbula peruviana Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 73, pi. 5, figs. 4, 5. Negritos, Eocene.

Corbula (Aloidis) prenuncia Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 172, pi. 10, fig. 12. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Corbula (Cuneocorbula) propinqua Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins, Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, p. 174,
pi. 10, fig. 16. Variegated Formation, Miocene.

Corbula talarana Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Corbula lanceolata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 641, pi. 17, fig. 4. Talara Formation, Miocene.
Not Corbula lanceolata Geinitz, Charac. Schichten Saech. —
boehm. Kreide geb. 1843 (1842), p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 3.=Atiatina.

Corbula waringi Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 74, pi. 5, fig. 6. Negritos, Eocene.

Corbula woodsi Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 4.
Eocene.

Corbula, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 200, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Crassatellites (Scambula) bcrryi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 131, pi. 7, figs. 9, 10. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Crassatellites charanensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 112, pi. 19, fig. 6; pi. 20, figs. 1-3. Zorritos Forma-
tion, Miocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 55

Crassatcllites gibbosa (Sowerby), Nelson. See Crassatellites (Scambula)
nelsoni (Grzybowski).

Crassatellites (Scambula) nelsoni (Grzybowski), Spieker, Paleontology
of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,
No. 3, 1922, p. 128, pi. 7, fig. 8. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
[Loc. 858, C.A.S. coll.]

Crassatella gibbosa Sowerby, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and
Sciences, Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 203, pi. 7, fig. 9. Zorritos, Peru.
Venus nelsoni Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 639, pi. 19, figs. 2, 2a. Heath Formation, Miocene,

Crassatellites pizarroi Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 46, pi. 7, fig. 1.
Zorritos.

Cytherea affinis Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, p. 639, not figured. Heath Formation, Miocene. This species,
being unfigured, can probably not be recognized without access to
the original specimens ; the name is therefore not replaced herein,
although it is preoccupied by Cytherea affinis Dujardin, Mem. Soc.
Geol. France, Vol. 2, ser. 2, 1837, p. 260.

Cytherea planivieta Guppy, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 639, pi. 19, fig. 3. Heath Formation,
Miocene.

Dactylina chiloensis Molina, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5, 1869,
p. 29. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Dosinia (Dosinidea) delicatissima Brown & Pilsbry, Spieker, Paleon-
tology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in
Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 140, not fig'd. Lower Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Dosinia grandis Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd. Zorritos Peru.

Dosinia (Dosinidea) grandis Nelson, Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 138, pi. 8, fig. 4. Variegated Formation, Miocene.

Dosinia lenticula Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 639, pi. 17, fig. 11. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Glycymeris paytensis (d'Orbigny).

Axincea paytensis d'Orbigny, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5,
1869, p. 31. Payta, Peru, Tertiary.

Pectunculus paytensis (d'Orbigny), Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch,
Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 635. Payta Formation, Pliocene.

THarvella, sp. ind. Nelson. See dementia dariena (Conr.).

Hemicardia affinis Nelson. See Cardium spiekeri Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

^g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Labiosa (Rceta) gabbi Pilsbry & Johnson, Spieker, Paleontology of
the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,
No. 3, 1922, p. 168, pi. 10, fig. 10. Upper Zorritos Formation, 1922.

Labiosa (Rata) ventricosa Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geol., No. 3, 1922, p. 169, pi.
10, fig. 11. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Leda acuminata Nelson. See Leda peruviana Dall.

Leda acutisinuata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 632, pi. 17, figs. 12, 12a. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Leda ingens Woods, in Bosw^orth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922,
p. 61, pi. 1, figs. 1-3. Negritos, Eocene.

Leda peruviana Dall, Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 93, pi. 5,
fig. 1. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Leda acuminata Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 205, pi. 7, fig. 8. Zorritos, Peru. [Name pre-
occupied.]

Lucina paytensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 70, pi. 4, fig. 5. Lobitos, Eocene. [Loc. 555, C.A.S. coll.]

Lucina prosoptcra Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 636, pi. 17, fig. 16. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Lucina pulchella Grzybowski. See Lucina talarana Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Lucina talarana Hanna & Israelsky, new name.

Lucina pulchella Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl.
Bd. 12, 1899, p. 637, pi. 17, fig. 15, Talara Formation, Miocene.
Not Lucina pulchella Agassiz, Icon. des. Coq. Tert. 1845, p. 64;
new name for L. divaricata Lamarck, (not Linnaeus).

Lutraria hortensia Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 641, pi. 19, fig. 4. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Lutraria vctula Philippi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 641. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Macrocallista helcna Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 145, pi. 9,
figs. 3, 4. Variegated Formation, Miocene.

Macrocallista cavachana Hanna & Israelsky, this paper, p. 47, pi. 7,
fig. 3. Eocene.

Macrocallista dickersoni Woods. See under Callista.

Mactra sorritensis Nelson. See Mulinia sorritensis (Nelson).

Mactra, sp. ind. Nelson. See Mulinia sorritensis (Nelson).

Meretrix bosworthi Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 72, pi. 5, fig. 1. Negritos, Eocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA Ahu ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU 57

Meretrix negritosensis Woods, in Bos worth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 72, pi. 5, fig. 2; pi. 6, fig. 1. Negritos, Eosene.
[Loc. 328, C.A.S., coll.]

Mulinia zorritcnsis (Nelson), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 165, pi. 10, figs. 8, 9. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Mactra zorritensis Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd.

Mactra sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd.

Mytilus euglyphus Woods, in Bos worth. Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 63, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7. Negritos, Eocene.

Mytilus ungulatus Linn^us, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5, 1869, p.

31. Tertiary, Payta, Peru. (A living species of the Chilian coast.)

Niicula araucana Philippi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 631. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Nucula minuscula Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 632, pi. 17, fig. 10. Talara Formation, Miocene.

Ostrea buski Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922,
p. 65, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4. Negritos, Eocene. [Loc. 346, C.A.S. coll.]

Ostrea gallus Valenciennes, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5, 1869, p.

32. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Ostrea inca Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922,
p. 64, pi. 1, fig. 9; pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Negritos, Eocene.

Ostrea iridescens Gray, Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol.
8, 1878, p. 264. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Ostrea latiareata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 630, pi. 17, fig. 6. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Ostrea lunaris Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12,
p. 630, pi. 17, fig. 5. Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Ostrea oculata Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 629, pi. 17, fig. 3. Payta Formation, Pliocene [Loc. 346,
C.A.S.]

Ostrea sculpta Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12,
1899, p. 631, pi. 17, figs. 8, 8a. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Ostrea,, sp. ind. A, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 205, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Ostrea, sp. ind. B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 206, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Ostrea, sp. Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922,
p. 65, pi. 2, fig. 5. Negritos, Eocene.

Panopcea, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 200, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

^g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Pecten densicincttis Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, p. 628, pi. 17, fig. 12. Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Pecten incus Hanna & Israelsky, new name. [Locs. 329, 341, C.A.S.
coll.]

Pecten intercostatus Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal,
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 629, pi. 17, fig. 9. Payta Formation, Pliocene.
Not Pecten intercostatus Griffith, Syn. Char. Carb. Limestone
Foss, Ireland, 1844, p. 95, pi. 18, fig. 4.

Pecten intercostatus Grzybowski. See Pecten incus Hanna & Israelsky,
new name.

Pecten paytensis Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
Vol. 12, 1899, p. 628, pi. 17, fig. 7. Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869,
p. 32. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Pecten woodringi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation, Johns
Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 125, pi. 7, figs.
4, 5. Upper Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Pecten, sp. ind., Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 205, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Pectunculus paytensis (d'Orbigny), Grzybowski. See Glycymeris pay-
tensis.

Perna arbolensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 65, pi. 3, fig. 1. Negritos and Lobitos, Eocene.

Phacoides (Pseudomiltha?) insleyi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 132, pi. 7, fig. 11. Lower Zorritos, Miocene.

Pholas, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. 2,
pt. 1, 1870, p. 200, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Pitaria (Lamelliconcha) cora var. cequicincta Spieker, Paleontology of

the Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology,

No. 3, 1922, p. 149, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7. Upper Zorritos Formation,
Miocene.

Pitaria (Lamelliconcha) planivieta (Guppy), Spieker, Paleontology of the
Zorritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No.
3, 1922, p. 147, pi. 10, fig. 6. Lower Zorritos, Variegated, Miocene,

Psammobia darzmni Phillipi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol.
Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 640, Zorritos Formation, Miocene,

Rceta gibbosa Gabb, Amer, Journ. Conch., Vol. 5, 1869, p. 30. Tertiary,
Payta, Peru. — Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Ser. 2, Vol. 8,
1878, p. 264, pi. 35, figs. 8, 8a. — Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min.
Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, p. 640, Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Scapharca (Argina) sullanensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 62, pi. 1, fig. 5. Lobitos, Eocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU (/)

Scapharca zorritosensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, p. 112, pi. 18, fig. 5. Zorritos, Miocene. [The spelling of the
specific name diflfers from Spieker's Area sorritensis. Loc. 346,
C.A.S. coll.]

Scapharca sp. ind. Nelson. See Area sorritensis Spieker.

Semele solida Gray, Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Ser. 2, Vol. 8,
1878, p. 264. Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Solecurtus (Pharella) planifolliculus Spieker, Paleontology of the Zor-
ritos Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3,
1922, p. 163, pi. 10, fig. 7. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Solen micro sulcatus Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd.
12, 1899, pi. 640, pi. 18, fig. S. Ovibio Formation, Oligocene.

Strigilla prora Hanley, Gabb, Amer. Journ. Conch. Vol. 5, 1869, p. 30.
Tertiary, Payta, Peru.

Tagelus gibbus (Spengler), Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Forma-*
tion, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 162.
Zorritos (?) Formation, Miocene.

Solecurtus, sp. ind. Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 200, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Tellina (Eurytellina) ceqiiicinctOi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
pi. 158, pi. 10, fig. 3. Lower to Upper Zorritos, Miocene.

Tellina (Angulus) pressa Dall, Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922,
p. 159, pi. 10, fig. 4. Zorritos Formation, Miocene.
Tellina, sp. ind. B, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Tellina (Angulus?) singezmldi Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos
Formation, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922.
p. 161, pi. 10, fig. 5. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Tellina sapotalensis Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 156, pi.
10, figs. 1, 2. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Tellina, sp. ind. A, Nelson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol.
2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 201, not fig'd. Zorritos, Peru.

Tellina, sp. ind. B, Nelson. See Tellina (Angulus) pressa Dall.

Transenella herviderana Spieker, Paleontology of the Zorritos Formation,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 3, 1922, p. 143, pi. 9,
figs. 1, 2. Lower Zorritos Formation, Miocene.

Venericardia clavidens Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 636, pi. 19, figs. 1, la. Zorritos, Miocene. [Locs.
346, 555, G.A.S. coll.]

yQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Venericardia planicosta Lamarck, Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of

Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 66, pi. 3, figs. 2, 3; pi. 4, figs. 1-3.

Negritos and Lobitos, Eocene.
Venus (Chione) columhensis Sowerby, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch,

Min. Geol. Pal. Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 639. Payta Formation, Pliocene.
Venus mimsteri d'Orbigny, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.

Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 638. Heath Formation, Miocene.

Venus nelsoni Grzybowski. See Crassatellites (Scambula) nelsoni (Grzy-
bowski).

Venus saginata Philippi, Grzybowski, Neues Jahrbuch, Min. Geol. Pal.
Bl. Bd. 12, 1899, p. 638, Payta Formation, Pliocene.

Crustacea

Callianassa parinasensis Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern

Peru, 1922, p. 114, pi. 17, fig. 4. Lobitos, Eocene.
Callianassa americana Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern

Peru, 1922, p. 115, pi. 17, figs. 5, 6. Negritos, possibly Lobitos,

Eocene.
Thaumastoplax eocenica Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern

Peru, 1922, p. 117, pi. 17, fig. 11. Negritos, Eocene.
Xanthopsis errans Woods, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,

1922, p. 115, pi. 17, figs. 7-10. Negritos, Eocene.

ECHINOIDEA

Echinocyamus intermedius Hawkins, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 120, text fig. 25. Lobitos, Eocene.

COELENTERATA

Dendrophyllia peruviana Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 134, pi. 23, fig. 3. Negritos, Eocene.

Haimesistrcea distans Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 132, pi. 22, fig. 5. Negritos, Eocene.

HaimesiastrcEa humilis Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 131, pi. 22, figs. 3, 4. Negritos. Eocene.

Haimesiastrcea peruviana Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 130, pi. 22, fig. 2. Negritos, Eocene.

Oculina peruviana Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 127, pi. 21, figs. 2-5. Negritos, Eocene.

Paracythus peruvianus Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 126, pi. 21, fig. 1. Negritos, Eocene.

Vol. XIV] HANNA AND ISRAELSKY— PALEONTOLOGY OF PERU '] \

Perttviaster Vaughan, in Bosvvorth, Geology of Northwestern Peru,
1922, p. 128. (Type P. peruviana Vaughan.)

Penilviaster peruviana Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 129, pi. 21, figs. 6, 7. Negritos, Eocene.

StepJuinocoenia peruviana Vaughan, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 133, pi. 23, figs. 1, 2. Negritos, Eocene.

FORAMINIFERA

Lepidocyclina antillea Cushman, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 137, pi. 24, fig. 2. Lobitos, Eocene.

Lepidocyclina antillea (?), Cushman, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 138.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) peruviana Cushman, in Bosworth,
Geology of Northwestern Peru, 1922, p. 138, pi. 24, fig. 1. Lobitos,
Eocene.

Nummulites, sp. (?), Cushman, in Bosworth, Geology of Northwestern
Peru, 1922, p. 139.

Orthophragmina peruviana, Cushman, in Bosworth, Geology of North-
western Peru, 1922, p. 138, pi. 24, fig. 3. Lobitos, Eocene.

72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 7

Fig. 1. Crassatellites pisarroi Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type

1722, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from Loc. 858 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 2. Chione sechuntana Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type 1724,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 339 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 3. Macrocallista cavachana Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type

1723, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 555 C.A.S., Eocene,
Peru.

Fig. 4. Corbula woodsi Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type 1725,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 555 CA.S., Eocene,
Peru.

Fig. 5. Turritella conquistadorana Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type
1707, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 850 C.A.S., Eocene,
Peru.

Fig. 6. Turritella cochleiformis Gabb, plesiotype 1708, Mus. Calif. Acad.
Sci., from locality 555 C.A.S., Eocene, Peru.

Fig. 7. Same, plesiotype 1709, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.

Fig. 8. "Claifilithes" atahuallpai Hanna & Israelsky, paratype 1719,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 339 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 9. Same, type 1718, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.

Fig. 10. Siphonalia phosoidea Hanna & Israelsky, new species, paratype
1717, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality Z2)6 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 11. Clavilithes burtti Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type 1720,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 850 C.A.S., Eocene,
Peru.

Fig. 12. "Surcula" mayi Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type 1721, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., from locality 850 C.A.S., Eocene, Peru.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 2 [ HANNA and ISRAELSKY] Plate 7

^

^

/ O

74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 8

Fig. 1. McJanatria (?) gcstcri Hanna & Israelsky, new species, cotype
1712, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality 334 C.A.S., Eocene,
Peru.

Fig. 2. Same, cotype 1713, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.

Fig. 3. Same, cotype 1714 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.

Fig. 4. Natica coronis Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type 1715,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality 328 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 5. Siphoiialia pliosoidca Hanna & Israelsky, new species, paratype
1717, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality 336 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru.

Fig. 6. TiirritcUa filiciucta Grzy., var. z'oricusfa Spieker, plcsiotype
1710, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality 328 C.A.S., Zorritos,
Peru. Figured to show aperture.

Fig. 7. Siplwiialia pliosoidca Hanna & Israelsky, new species, type
1716, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. from locality 328 C.A.S., Zorri-
tos, Peru.

Fig. 8. Fduiius paytoisc (Woons), plesiotype 1711, Mus. Calif. Acad.
Sci. from locality 555 C.A.S., Eocene, Peru. Figured to show
callosity of inner lip.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vo'. XIV, No. 2

HANNAand ISRAELSKY] Plate 8

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 3, pp. 77-81, plate 9 July 23, 1925

III

A NOTE ON TWO OF HYATT'S

LIASSIC AMMONITES i

BY

C H. CRICKMAY

While working on the Jurassic faunas of western North
America I have found that there is a vast assemblage of
nomina nuda — chiefly names applied with no, or with incom-
plete, description by Alpheus Hyatt. To "rescue" all of these
would be a stupendous, a well nigh impossible, task. However,
as the types become located it will no doubt be possible to
recognize and redescribe many of the species. On account of
the interest attached to the Liassic ammonites because of their
rarity a special search was made for the holotypes of two
species described by Hyatt^ and supposed to be in the collection
of the California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco. These
are Arnioceras woodhulli and Vermiceras crossmani.

1. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt

Plate 9, figures 1-5

The type specimens of this species were eventually discov-
ered in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences
where the paleontological collections of the State Mining Bu-
reau have been deposited. There are three fragments, one of

* A. Hyatt: Jura and Trias at Taylorville, California. Bull., Geol. Soc. Am., Vol.
3, 1892, page 411.

July 23, 1925

yg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

which is obviously another species. Of the remainder, the
specimen showing the internal whorls is taken as the lectotype.
The third specimen which is a small portion of the outer whorls
of a large individual will be regarded as a paratype. Of the
lectotype, the following description can be given: On the
youngest visible whorls (diameter=12 mm.) the ornament is
of versi-radiate costae, about nine in a quadrant. The youngest
whorls showing the venter (diam.=25 mm.) show a strong
keel bordered by two deep and narrow sulci. The costae soon
become slightly arcuate.

At a diameter of 85 mm. geniculse become evident and the
costae run up on to the venter and form a ridge bordering the
sulci. At 104 mm., the major diameter of the specimen, tuber-
culation is almost attained. At this size there are 13 costae in
a quadrant. The suture line is not preserved. The following
additional details are obtained from the paratype which is
from a specimen of about 260 mm. diameter. At this size the
costae no longer run into the ridges bordering the ventral sulci,
and there is a concave area just below the ridges. This indi-
vidualizes the latter, giving the shell the appearance of having
three equal keels. The costae are about 20 in a quadrant.

Measurements

Diameter 25 mm. 104 mm. 260 mm.

Width of umbilicus divided by diam. .54 .62

Thickness divided by diam 33 .21 .14

Umbilical suture to keel div. by diam. .26 ,19 .19

The result is Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt, 1892; family
Ammonitidae (=Arietidae).

Holotype: No. 1760; paratype: No. 1761, Calif. Acad, of Sci.,
from Santa Fe district, Esmeralda County, Nevada; early
Sinemurian age (Lower Jurassic). S. H. Crossman, Coll.
Original No. 4089, Calif. St. Min. Bureau.

2. Arnioceras woodhulli Hyatt

The type specimens of Arnioceras woodhulli could not be
found. It is believed by the authorities of the institutions con-
cerned that they have been lost. Under such circumstances it
might still be possible to recognize the species from the brief

Vol. XIV] CRICKMAY— HYATT'S LIASSIC AMMONITES 79

description and the comparison with Arnioceras humboldti
which has been figured^ were the locality known. But Hyatt
did not give this any more accurately than Inyo County, Cali-
fornia. Hyatt described the species very briefly as resembling
A. humboldti but having the pilse more closely crowded, and
with slight constrictions at intervals on the adolescent whorls.
These were said to disappear later, giving place to slightly
arcuate costse.

In view of the uncertainty connected with this species it
might be thought best by some to declare the name invalid.
This course would probably be quite justified but it seems a
pity to take the step yet while so little is known of the Lias of
the western states. It may be that Arnioceras woodhulli is the
only Arnioceras in Inyo County, in which case its recognition
would be relatively certain. It may be that there is no other
species like it in the type area. Or perhaps some one of Hyatt's
distinctions will prove distinctive when the entire fauna is
known. For these reasons it is thought best not to decide this
matter until considerable collections have been obtained from-
the Liassic rocks of the type region.

'A. Hyatt: Genesis of the Ariettdse, Smithsonian Contrib. to Knowl., No. 673,
1889, p. 173, figs. 31-33.

gQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 9

Fig, 1. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt. Holotype No. 1760 (Mus. Calif.
Acad. Sci.) from Santa Fe District, Esmeralda County,
Nevada. Lateral view, natural size.

Fig. 2. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt. Holotype. Cross section of outer
whorl.

Fig. 3. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt. Paratype No. 1761 (Mus. Calif.
Acad. Sci.) from Santa Fe District, Esmeralda County,
Nevada. Lateral view, natural size.

Fig. 4. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt. Paratype, same specimen as Fig.
3; ventral view, natural size.

Fig. 5. Vermiceras crossmani Hyatt. Paratype, same specimen as Fig.
Fig. 3; apertural view, natural size.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 3

CRICKMAY] Plate 9

PROCEEDINGS

OV THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 4, pp. 83-87, plate 10 July 23, 1925

IV

A NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSK (DENTALIUM

HANNAI) FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA,

WITH NOTES ON OTHER FORMS

BY

FRED BAKER

In the course of a study of the members of the genus Denta-
lium taken in the Gulf of California in 1921 by the Expedition
from the California Academy of Sciences certain specimens,
found in my own collection and labeled "Dentalium semir
politum", seem to belong to a new species. The shells were
taken many years ago in a series of dredgings at varying
depths by the late Miss J. M. Cooke and myself off the south
end of South Coronado Island, Lower California. The loca-
tion proved to be very rich in mollusks and we took more than
a dozen species and a genus (Bernardina) which were later
described as new by Doctors Dall and Bartsch, chiefly from
our material. The dredging was all done in a single afternoon.

The species, on a superficial examination, is very like D.
semipolitum, which is rather common in this region, and we
overlooked the distinctive characters.

July 23, 1925

g4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

1. Dentalium hannai Baker, new species
Plate 10, figures 4, 5

Shell moderately curved, of medium size, very narrow at
the apex but increasing- rather rapidly at first, less decidedly
later; length about 12 times the diameter, translucent, shining,
blue-white at the anterior end and becoming slightly creamy on
the posterior half; sculpture of the earlier third consisting of
28 fine, sharp, subequal ribs about a third as wide as inter-
spaces, and all continuous, but gradually fading out at about
a third of length of shell ; growth striae wavy and irregularly
marked throughout; anal aperture, a slit on both convex and
concave sides, but shorter and rounded on the latter, sharply
pointed on the former; sides of apex grown inward, the slit
occupying about a third of the diameter at this point; these
inward projection of shell substance can hardly be called "a
plug" in the sense that this word is commonly used in Scapha-
poda; aperture circular, intersecting the axis at a right angle;
peristome thin.

Length 38.5 mm.; diameter of base 3.2 mm.; diameter of
apex 0.6 mm.; length of slit, convex side, 1.5 mm., concave
side 0.6 mm.

Type: No. 1757, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from 10 to 18
fathoms about one mile south of South Coronado Island,
Lower California; Jeanette M. Cooke and Fred Baker, colls.

The arrangement of sculpture resembles that of D. semi-
politum B. & S. and D. inversum Desh. from the same region,
and D. sectum Desh. from the Gulf of California, in having
longitudinal sculpture on the posterior third, the rest of the
shell being smooth. The apical angle is slightly greater than
in any of these species, but the most marked difference exists
in the anal slit ; this is wanting in semipolitum; on the concave
side only in inversum; sectum differs radically in that is has a
longer and oblique plug with the transverse slit not extending
far on either the convex or concave side.

Other smaller specimens than the type are very constant in
most of the characters though differing in the proportion of
sculptured to smooth parts on account of age.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— A NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSK §5

The species is named for Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Curator of
Paleontology, California Academy of Sciences.

2. Dentalium vallicolens Raymond

Plate 10, figures 1-3

This species was described in 1904^ from specimens dredged
in relatively deep water off La Jolla, California, and neighbor-
ing localities. It is much larger than D. hannai and in no
specimens seen is there a notch or slit in the apical opening.
The species has not been figured until now and this opportunity
is taken to publish photographs of three specimens. Two of
these (figs. 1,2) are No. 437 of the Scripps Institution collec-
tion from 110 fathoms off La Jolla. These were undoubtedly
used by Prof. Raymond in the description of the species; no
type material was designated. The third specimen figured
came from 120 fathoms off San Diego and has been presented
to the California Academy of Sciences where it is No. 1758
(Coll. Type material).

»The Nautilus, Vol. 17, 1904, p. 123.

85 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 10

Figs. 1, 2. Dentaliuni vallicolens Raymond. Plesiotypes, No. 437 (Scripps
Institution), from 110 fathoms, off La Jolla, California. En-
larged slightly more than two diameters.

Fig. 3. Dentalium vallicolens Raymond. Plesiotype, No. 1758 (Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences), from 120 fathoms off San
Diego. Enlarged slightly more than two diameters.

Fig. 4. Dentalium hannai Baker, new species. Type, No. 1757 (Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences), from 10-18 fathoms off South
Coronado Island, Lower CaHfornia. Enlarged slightly more
than two diameters.

Fig. 5. Dentalium hannai Baker, new species. Type specimen; apex;
enlarged six diameters.

PROC.CAL.ACAD.SCI.,4thSeries.Vol.XIV, No.4 [ FRED BAKER | Plate 10

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 5, pp. 89-100 July 23, 1925

CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY
II. KOREA or CHOSEN

BY

JOSEPH R. SLEVIN
Assistant Ctorator, Department of Herpetology

The herpetological fauna of Korea or Chosen is represented
in the Academy's collection by 24 species. These are two sala-
manders, one discoglossid toad, one toad of the genus Bufo,
one tree-frog, one engystomatid, five frogs, three lizards, eight
snakes, and two turtles. Following is an annotated list of the
species :

1. Hynobius leechii Boulenger

Our very large series has been reported upon by Dr. Dunn.

31841 to 32126. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province.

32127 to 32160. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province.

32161 to 32167. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province

32168. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province.

32374. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province.

35958 to 35975. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province.

2. Onychodactylus fischeri (Boulenger)

We have four adults (Nos. 32169 to 32172) and a very
large series of larv« (Nos. 32173 to 32373; 32984 to 32993;
and 35977 to 35988) all collected at Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do
Province. Most of these have been recorded by Dr. Dunn.

July 2i, 1925

gQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

3. Bombina orientalis (Boulenger)

Males collected in May and June have the horny breeding
pads on the fore limbs. In our series of more than 100 Korean
specimens there is a great variation in the extent and uniting
of the black ventral markings. Males usually are much more
warty above than females and have much larger v^ebs. They
also show black dorsal markings much less distinctly than the
females. However, there is a good deal of individual variation
as regards all three of these sexual differences. Three young
have very small webs. Our specimens are as follows :

17667 to 17669. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, October, 1909.

32413 to 32457. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

32458 to 32478. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

32479 to 32485. Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 5, 1911.

32486 to 32504. Hoi-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

32505 to 32514. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32515 to 32518. Sagawansa, June 8, 1911.

32519. Musan Pass, May 22, 1911.

35936 to 35938. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

4. Bufo bufo asiaticus (Steindachner)

Thirty toads from Korea agree very well with specimens
from China. They differ from the toads of Japan in the ab-
sence of the dark line along the lower jaw and in the less ex-
tensive pigmentation of the belly and of the sides of the body.

32375 to 32399. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, Korea,
June 7, 191 1. The web is large in all. The tympanum is small or
moderate, except in 32386, in which it is large. There is no
black line on the lower jaw. Most of the specimens are with-
out much ventral pigmentation; 32380, 32388, 32390, 32393,
32394 show a few small dark spots on the belly; and 32379
and 32385 have many small spots. The lateral pigmentation
varies considerably in amount. 32385, 32396, 32398 each have
a ridge of small tubercles in the position of a tarsal fold.

32400 to 32411. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Prov-
ince, Korea, June 10, 1911. The web is large. The tympanum
is moderate or small. There is no dark line on the lower jaw.
There is not much lateral pigmentation. 32401, 32404, 32409

Vol. XIV] SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (II) 91

have numerous small spots on the belly; 32410, 32411 have a
few small spots ; the others are unspotted. 32404 has a tarsal
ridge of small tubercles.

32412. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 5, 1911.

35989. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 1, 1911.
Large web. Small tympanum. No jaw line. No belly spots.
Considerable lateral black.

36009 to 36011. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Prov-
ince, June 13, 1911. Large web. Tympanum moderate in
36009, 36010; large in 36011. No dark jaw line. Little
lateral black. 36009 has numerous small belly spots, and a
tarsal ridge of tubercles.

5. Hyla aboria japonica Giinther

Our series from Japan and Korea show that it is not possible
to distinguish a subspecies H. a. immaculata. Of 2>7 specimens
collected at Kong-Ju, Korea, June 10, 1911, 33 have some web
between the third and fourth fingers, while four (Nos. 32957,
32966, 32971, 32975) have no web between these fingers. All
of the four have loreal dark streaks, and these streaks are
clearly shown, also, by all of the 33 except No. 32958, which
has none, and Nos. 32950 and 32965, each of which has a mere
trace. Loreal streaks are present in all our other Korean
Hylas except two from Wonsan. These are No. 32929, in
which there is a trace of the stripe, and No. 32932, in which the
stripe is entirely wanting. Both have finger webs.

32887 to 22926. Fusan, Kjong-San-Do Province, May 6, 1911.

32927 to 32940. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

32941 to 32977. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32978 to 32983. Sei-Ko-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 13, 1911.

35935. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

36012 to 36024. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 13, 1911.

6. Cacopoides borealis Barbour

A large series of this little known species was secured at
Chiksan, Korea, June 16, 1911 (Nos. 32520 to 32572 and
Nos. 35939 to 35944). It may be supposed that the species
was breeding at that time. Some of the specimens are nearly

Q2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

black over all of the upper surfaces. Others are quite light in
general coloration, with various cloudings, blotches, spots or
dots of dark brown, slate or black. The light ground color in
the less pigmented specimens may be gray or pale brown,
sometimes with a trace of pink.

7. Rana chinensis Osbeck

Our Korean collections include about 109 specimens of this
frog. They seem to show no difference in any way between
Japanese and Chinese specimens. Frequently there is no dorsal
line or band. Such specimens may resemble Rana plancyi, but
may be readily distinguished by their dorsal dermal ridges
which are lacking in Rana plancyi.

32766 to 32790. Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 15, 1911.

32791 to 32824. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-'Do Province, May 8, 1911.

32826 to 32839. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

32840. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32844 to 32845. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32849. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32853. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32854 to 32863. Hoi-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 21, 1911.

32864 to 32870. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

32873 to 32874. Sagawansa, June 8, 1911.

32875 to 32886. Sei-Ko-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 13, 1911.

35957. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

8. Rana plancyi Lataste

This frog seems not to be on record from Korea. Never-
theless it must be fairly common there, as we have 14 specimens
from four localities, as follows :

32825. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

32841 to 32843. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32846 to 32848. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32850 to 32852. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32871 to 32872. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

36002 to 36003. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-'Do Province, June 10, 1911.

Vol. XIV] SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (11) 93

9. Rana temporaria Linnaeus

Our Korean collections include numerous frogs of the tem-
poraria group. There is much variation, particularly in the
position of the vomerine teeth, in specimens from the same
locality. To the name Rana temporaria have been referred
specimens which agree in having the dorsolateral ridge flaring
out anteriorly toward the tympanum, the snout short, the web
large or very large, and no definite light line along the upper
jaw. The vomerine teeth may be between the choanae (asinNos.
32727, 32763), between and behind (as in Nos. 32748, 32750,
32751, 32762, 32765), or behind the choanse (as in Nos.
32749, 32752, 32753, 32764). The outer metatarsal tubercle
may be absent (No. 32749), but is present in nearly all.

32700 to 32726. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

^2127. Hoi-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 21, 1911.

32748 to 32753. Musan Pass, May 22, 1911.

32754 to 32761. Wonsan, Kang^Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

32762 to 32765. Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 15, 1911.

35991 to 35997. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong Do Province, May 22, 1911.

10. Rana japonica (Giinther)

The frogs which have been referred to this species agree in
the possession of dorsolateral ridges which either are very in-
distinct or wanting anteriorly, or run forward without bending
out much toward the tympanum, long snouts, small webs, and
usually a very distinct light line along the upper jaw. The
vomarine teeth vary in position as they do in Rana temporaria,
being sometimes between the choanse (as in Nos. 32738,
32740, 32745, 32747), sometimes between and behind (as in
Nos. 32728, 32731, 32733, 32735, 32736, 32737, 32739, 32741,
32742, 32743, 32746), and sometimes quite behind the choanae
(as in Nos. 32729, 32730, 32732, 32734, 32744). The outer
metatarsal tubercle is usually absent (32729, 32730, 32731,
32733), but may be present on one side only (36006, 36008)
or on both sides (32728, 32732, 36028). Nos. 36029 and
36030 have larger webs than the other specimens, and their
snouts seem a little shorter. The dorsolateral ridge flares out
somewhat in Nos. 35934, 36007 and 36008.

94

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th See.

32728 to 32733.
32734 to 32747.
35934.
36004 to 36008.
36028 to 36030.

Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.
Sei-Ko-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 13, 1911.
Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.
Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Prov., June 12-13, 1911.
Sei-Ko-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 13, 1911.

11. Rana rugosa Schlegel

This frog has apparently not been previously recorded from
Korea. It must, however, be common there, for we have more
than 130 specimens from six localities. Korean and Japanese
specimens appear to be identical.

32573 to 32652. Fusan Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911,

32653 to 32667. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

32668 to 32671. Sagawansa, June 8, 1911.

32672 to 32678. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

32679 to 32686. Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 15, 1911.

32687 to 32698. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

32699. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

35955 to 35956. Fusan, Kjong-San-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

35998 to 36000. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 12, 1911.

12. Takydromus amurensis Peters

This species is well represented in our collection by speci-
mens from many localities in Korea. These are listed below :

31685 to 31733.

31777.

31812.

31818.
31819 to 31823.
31824 to 31828.
31829 to 31836.
31837 to 31839.

31840.

33013.

33014.

35976.

Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong Province, June 10, 1911.

Chiksan, K\vi-Do Province, Jime 16, 1911.

Chiksan, Kw^i-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

Musan Pass, May 22, 1911.

Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 15, 1911.

Shoko, May 23, 1911.

Hoi-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 21, 1911.

Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

Shoko, May 23, 1911.

Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 6, 1911.

13. Takydromus wolteri Fischer

This grass lizard is represented from only three localities in
Korea. All of the specimens have one pore on each side.

Vol. XIV]

SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (11)

95

31546 to 31684.
31734 to 31735.
31807 to 31811.
31813 to 31817.
33015.
35945 to 35954.

Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.
Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.
Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.
Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

14. Eremias argus Peters

This lizard was secured in good series at two localities in
Korea, as listed below. These specimens seem not to differ
from those we have received from China.

31736 to 31776. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

31778 to 31806. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

35933. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 22, 1911.

36025 to 36027. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 14 ,1911.

15. Natrix vibakari vibakari Van Denburgh

This subspecies differs from that of the Japanese islands in
having fewer urosteges. These vary from 55 to 65, average in
nine specimens 61, while in A'', vibakari vibakari the counts
vary from 63 to 83, average in 34 specimens 71.4. There is
but little difference in the counts of males and females.

Our Korean collections contain four of these snakes taken at
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911. The counts
of these specimens are given below. No. 31487 is the type.
All have 19 scale rows.

No.

Sex

Gastro-

Uro-

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Loreal

Temporals

stegea

steges

labials

labials

oculars

oculara

31485

9

148

65o

7-7

8-8

1-1

2-3

1-1

1+1-1+1

31486

9

142

61c

6-6

8-8

2-2

3-2

1-1

1+1-1+1

31487

cf

153

64o

7-7

8-8

1-1

3-2

1-1

1+1-1+1

31488

9

146

56c

7-7

8-8

1-1

2-2

1-1

1+1-1+1

16. Natrix tigrina tigrina (Boie)

Our Korean collections include 27 snakes of this subspecies
taken at the following localities :

96

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

31448 to 31454. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.
31461 to 31469. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.
31489 to 31496. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.
31530 to 31531. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.
31544. Ujo, May 23, 1911.

The counts of these specimens are given below. All have 19
scale rows. The anal is divided.

No.

Sex

Gastro-

Uro-

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Temporals

steges

stegea

labials

labials

oculars

oculars

31448

9

171

52 +

7-7

8-9

2-2

3-3

1+1-1+1

31449

cf

164

71c

7-7

8-7

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31450

&

163

71c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31451

9

163

57 +

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31452

9

172

43 +

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31453

9

167

63c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31454

&

159

67c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31461

9

168

59c

7-7

8-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31462

9

163

61c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31463

&

159

71c

7-7

8-8

2-2

4-4

1+2-1+2

31464

cf

164

74c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31465

9

166

50 +

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31466

&

165

67c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31467

9

169

65c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31468

9

165

61c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31469

9

168

64c

7-7

9-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31489

cf

163

70c

7-7

8-9

2-2

3-3

2-2

31490

&

157

71c

7-7

9-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+1

31491

cP

155

70c

7-7

9-8

2-2

2-2

1+1-1+2

31492

&

153

70c

7-7

9-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31493

&

158

69c

7-7

9-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31494

&

155

68c

7-7

9-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31495

d'

158

69c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31496

9

163

72c

7-7

9-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31530

&

158

69c

7-7

8-8

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31531

&

159

62c

7-7

8-9

2-2

3-3

1+2-1+2

31544

9

161

41 +

7-7

8-8

2-2

4-3

1+2-1+2

17. Elaphe rufodorsata (Cantor)

Twenty-nine Korean specimens of this snake are at hand, as
follows :

17666.
31457 to 31459.
31470 to 31476.
31477 to 31482.
31498 to 31499.

Fusan Kjong-Sang-Do Province, October, 1909.
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, June 10, 1911.
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.
Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 10, 1911.
Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

Vol. XIV]

SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (II)

97

31502 to 31505. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31532 to 31533. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

31535 to 31536. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

31545. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

33012. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.

The counts of these specimens are given below. All have 21
scale rows.

No.

Sex

Gaatro-

Uro-

Anal

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Temporals

steges

steges

labiala

labials

oculars

oculara

17666

9

176

50c

2

8-7

10-10

1—1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31457

9

179

51c

2

7-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31458

cf

168

59c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31459

9

179

53c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31470

d"

169

61c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

1+2-1+2

31471

9

173

50c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+2-2+3

31472

9

179

37 +

2

8-7

10-9

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31473

cT

163

61c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+2

31474

9

178

51c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+2

31475

9

177

50c

2

8-8

10-10

1 -1

2-2

2+2-2+8

31476

9

174

51c

2

8-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31477

cf

170

61c

2

8-8

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31478

9

183

51c

2

7-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+2

31479

9

173

51c

2

8-7

10-9

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31480

9

177

52c

2

7-7

10-9

1 —1

2-2

2+2-2+2

31481

cT

169

60c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+2-2+3

31482

<f

168

57c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+2-2+3

31498

cf

161

63c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+2-2+2

31499

9

177

49c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31502

9

174

55c

2

7-8

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31503

cf

168

62c

2

8-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+2-2+3

31504

d'

167

61c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31505

d*

168

62c

2

8-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+2

31532

cf

171

63c

2

7-7

10-10

1 —1

2-2

1+3-2+3

31533

cf

167

62c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31535

cf

161

63c

2

7-7

10-9

1 —1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31536

&

163

59c

2

7-7

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+2

31545

9

175

56c

2

8-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+2-2+3

33012

?

7-7

10-10

1 — 1

2-2

2 -2

18. Elaphe schrenckii Strauch

Nine specimens were collected in Korea, as follows :

31460. Fusan, Kjong-Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911.
31497. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.
31513 to 31519. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

98

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

The scale counts are as follows

No.

Sex

Scale

Gastro-

Uro-

Anal

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Temporals

rows

steges

steges

labials

labials

oculars

oculara

31460

9

23

222

69c

2

8-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31497

9

23

223

67c

2

8-8

9-9

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31513

c?

23

216

72c

2

8-8

10-10

2-2

1-1

2+3-2+3

31514

cf

23

217

64 +

2

8-7

11-9

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31515

cT

23

221

74c

2

8-8

9-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31516

cf

23

227

67c

2

8-8

11-11

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31517

&

23

216

72 +

2

7-8

10-9

1-1

1-1

2+3-2+3

31518

9

23

129

71c

2

8-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

31519

9

23

128

66c

2

8-8

10-10

1-1

2-2

2+3-2+3

19. Elaphe dione (Pallas)

Eight specimens of this snake have been received from
Korea as follows :

31455 to 31456. Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10, 1911.

31500. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31520 to 31522. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

31534. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

31541. Sei-Shin, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 15, 1911.

The scale counts are given below.

No.

Sex

Scale

Gastro-

Uro-

Anal

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Temporals

rows

steges

steges

labials

labials

oculara

oculars

31455

cf

25

203

64c

2

8-8

10-11

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+2

31456

9

25

205

71e

2

8-8

11-11

2-3

2-2

2+4-2+4

31600

9

27

199

62c

2

8-8

11-11

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31520

cf

25

199

73c

2

8-8

11-11

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31521

9

25

200

59c

2

8-8

11-

2-2

2-2

2+4-2+3

31522

cf

25

193

71c

2

8-8

10-11

2-2

2-2

2+4-2+3

32534

9

25

193

60c

2

8-8

11-11

1-1

2-2

2+4-2+4

31541

9

23

197

56 +

2

8-8

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

20. Coluber spinalis (Peters)

Our only Korean specimen of this snake (No. 31529) was
taken at Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911. It is a
female with scales in 17 rows, gastrosteges 203, urosteges 86

Vou XIV]

SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (II)

99

complete, anal divided, supralabials 8-8, infralabials 9-10, pre-
oculars 2-2, postoculars 2-2, loreal 1-1, and temporals
2+2—2+2.

21. Dinodon rufozonatum (Cantor)

This species seems to be rather rare in Korea. Its occurence
there has been known from one or two specimens without exact
data. We have received only one, caught at Fusan, Kjong-
Sang-Do Province, May 8, 1911. It is No. 31483, a male, with
17 scale rows, gastrosteges 201, urosteges 73 complete,
anal single, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 9-9, preoculars 2-2,
postoculars 2-2, no loreal, and temporals 2+3 — 2+3.

22. Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus Stejneger

Fourteen specimens of this subspecies are at hand from the
following localities:

31506. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31508. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31510. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31512. Wonsan, Kang-Won-Do Province, June 7, 1911.

31523 to 31527. Chiksan, Kwi-Do Province, June 16, 1911.

31537 to 31539. Pu-Ryong, Ham-Gjong-Do Province, May 22, 1911.

31542. Shoko, May 23, 1911.

31543. Musan Pass, May 22, 1911.

The scale counts are as follows :

:. L^ ^

ft' #?

No.

Sex

Scale

Gastro-

Uro-

Anal

Supra-

Infra-

Pre-

Post-

Temporals

rows

steges

steges

labials

labials

oculars

oculars

31506

9

21

145

42c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31508

9

21

143

33c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31510

9

21

147

38c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+4

31512

d'

21

146

49o

7-7

10-10

2-2

3-2

2+2-2+2

31523

9

21

146

38c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31524

cf

21

149

54c

7-7

11-10

2-2

2-2

2+4-2+4

31525

&

21

147

48c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31526

9

21

150

43c

7-7

10-10

2-2

3-3

2+2-2+2

31527

9

21

145

45c

8-7

11-11

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31537

d'

21

147

27 +

7-7

11-11

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31538

&

21

145

47c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31539

9

21

155

43c

7-7

10-10

2-2

2-2

2+3-2+3

31542

9

21

156

41c

7-7

11-10

2-2

3-3

2+3-2+3

31643

d-

21

163

42c

7-7

11-10

2-2

3-3

2+3-2+3

JOO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

23. Geoclemys reevesii (Gray)

One typical specimen of this turtle (No. 31437) was col-
lected at Kong-Ju, Tschhung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10,
1911.

24. Amyda maackii (Brandt)

Sixteen soft-shelled turtles were collected at Kong-Ju, Tsch-
hung-Tschhong-Do Province, June 10-14, 1911. These are
Nos. 31438 to 31447 and 36055 to 36060. These turtles agree
in having the interocular and especially the temporal dark
stripes broader and more conspicuous than in Chinese speci-
mens. They also have much more of the fine yellow dotting
on all of the dorsal surfaces. They seem to differ from
Chinese turtles only in color.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 6, pp. 101-103 July 23, 1925

VI

CONTRIBUTIONS TO ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY

III. RUSSIAN ASIA and MANCHURIA

BY

JOSEPH. R. SLEVIN
Assistant Curator, Department of Herpetology

The fauna from these regions represented in the Academy's
collection, although small, has nevertheless proved of value for
comparison with material from adjacent territory. It is repre-
sented by one salamander, one frog, four snakes, and one
turtle.

Russian Asia
1. Hynobius keyserlingii (Dybowskii)

Our only specimen (No. 14578) was collected at Xanka
Lake, Ussuri Province.

2. Rana temporaria Linnaeus

Three frogs from Russian Asia seem to fall within the limits
of individual variation in this species.

No. 14575, collected at Xanka Lake, Ussuri Province, May
7, 1908, has large webs, vomerine teeth between and somewhat

July 23, 1925

102

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

behind the choanae, and large inner metatarsal tubercles. The
outer metatarsal is present.

Two specimens are labeled "Ussuri ?" No. 14576 has small
webs, vomerine teeth between and behind the choanae, and
inner metatarsal tubercles small. No. 14577 has large webs,
teeth well behind the choanae, and inner metatarsal tubercles
small. This last specimen has a dorsal stripe. Neither has
outer metatarsal tubercles.

The dorsolateral ridge flares out anteriorly toward the tym-
panum in these three frogs.

3. Natrix tigrina lateralis (Berthold)

One female snake of this species (No. 14580) was collected
at Vladivostoc. It has scales in 19 rows, gastrosteges 159,
urosteges 55c, anal divided, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 8-8,
preoculars 2-2, postoculars 3-3, loreal 1-1, and temporals

l-j-2— 1+2.

4. Elaphe schrenckii Strauch

A female (No. 14583), taken at Vladivostoc, in 1903, has
23 scale rows, gastrosteges 218, urosteges 66c, anal divided,
supralabials 8-8, infralabials 10-10, preoculars 2-2, postoculars
2-2, loreal 1-1, and temporals 2+3 — 2+3.

5. Agkistrodon blomhoffii intermedius (Strauch)

Stejneger is followed in the use of this name for two spe-
cimens from Vladivostoc, although their scale counts are
similar to those of Korean specimens. They are Nos. 14585
and 14586. Their counts are as follows :

No.

Sex

Scale
rows

Gastro-
steges

Uro-
steges

Anal

Supra-
labials

Infra-
labials

Pre-
oculars

Post-
oculars

Temporals

14685
14586

9

21

21

150

147

43c
46c

1
1

7-7
7-7

10-9
10-10

2-2
2-2

2-2
2-2

l+3-l-f3
H-2 -1-1-2

Vol. XIV] SLEVIN— ORIENTAL HERPETOLOGY (III) JQS

Manchuria
1. Natrix tigrina lateralis (Berthold)

The counts of two specimens labeled "North East Man-
churia" are as follows :

No.

Sex

Scale
rows

Gastro-
steges

Uro-
steges

Anal

Supra-
labials

Infra-
labials

Pre-
oculars

Post-
oculars

Temporals

33016
33017

9

19
19

162
160

58c
57c

2
2

7-7

7-7

8-9
9-9

2-2

2-2

4-4
3-3

1+2-1+2
1+2-1+2

2. Amy da maackii (Brandt)

One large specimen (No. 14587) collected at Harbin, Man-
churia, in 1907, agrees in coloration with our series from
Korea. Our Chinese specimens seem to represent a different
species.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 7, pp. 105-142; text figs. 1-64 August 14, 1925

VII
NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

BY

RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
Harvard University

The new spiders described in this paper were noted in con-
nection with a study of the spiders collected by the Expedition
of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali-
fornia in 1921 upon which a report has previously been
published.^

I am indebted to Prof. C. R. Crosby for the preparation of
descriptions of several species of Linyphiidse, the name of each
such species being accordingly followed by his name in the
text.

LIST OF THE SPECIES

AviCULARIID^

1. Brachybothrium shoshoneum Chamberlin, new species

Male : Cephalothorax, sternum and legs fulvous or yellowish. Ab-
domen similar above but grey behind and laterally; the venter greyish
yellow.

Pars cephalica low, rather flat and widely slanting to fovea thoracica.
Fovea short and deep, the radiating lines rather coarse. Anterior median
eyes with centers on or near the median transverse line of the ocular

^ Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Vol. XII, No. 28, 1924.

August 14, 1925

106

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

area; close to the posterior median eyes, than which they are smaller.
Chelicerse rather small, the cephalothorax being nearly i.I times their
antero-posterior length. On convex antero-dorsal surface at mesal side
conspicuously elevated and bearing a dense patch of stout, basally spini-
form setae. Tarsi slightly flexuose. Paired claws with five or six teeth,

Brachybothriuni shoshoneum

Fig. 1. Right palpus of male, ectal view. 2. Apical part of the
same, more enlarged. 3. Tarsus and metatarsus of leg I of
male, anterior view.

the unpaired claw smooth. Tibia I with a patch of long, stout spines on
anterior surface just distad of middle; somewhat produced at middle
beneath, and bearing there several longer and much stouter spines.
Metatarsus I broadly produced beneath proximad of the middle (fig. 3).
Palpus as shown in figs. 1 and 2.

Length, 11.2 mm.; Cephalothorax, 5.6 mm.; Tib. + pat. I, 5 mm.; Tib.
-|- pat. IV, 5 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z.,=^ No. 1149, {$).

Type locality: Troy, Idaho.

2. Eurypelma duplex Chamberlin, new species

Male: Body and legs clothed with rusty brown hair of the usual type.
Carapace as wide as long. Thoracic fovea nearly three-fourths the dis-
tance from anterior end to base. Anterior row of eyes viewed from in

* Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEIV NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS 107

fiont strongly procurved ; medians about their diameter apart, less than half
as far from the equal laterals. Posterior median eyes much smallicr than
the laterals, elongate ; much closer to posterior laterals than to anterior
medians. Claws of legs dentate proximad of middle. Tibia of leg I with
the usual bilobate process at distal end, the outer branch more curved
and about a third longer than the inner branch. Inner (anterior) surface
of coxa I with many setae, spine-like at base. Some similar spinescent

Eurypehna duplex

Fig. 4. Inner side of apex of bulb of male palpus.

setae on caudal face of coxa of palpus. Tibia of palpus bearing four
spines on inner side, two submedian and two toward distal end. Spines
with double line of serrations as shown in fig. 4.

Length, 28 mm. ; cephalothorax, 12 mm. ; width, 12 mm. Tib. -|- pat. I,
18 mm.; met. I, 12 mm.; Tib. + pat. IV, 18.2 mm.; met. IV, 17 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., $ .

Type locality: Orizaba, Mexico.

Closely allied to E. longipes Cambridge and E. serrafa
Simon. It differs from the former in having a strongly de-
veloped carina on the inner surface of apex of bulb. It differs
from serrata in having this carina, as well as the lower edge,
strongly serrate, with a smooth, weaker carina between these
two, and in having fewer spines on inner surface of the tibia
of the palpus. It is smaller than either of the two species
mentioned.

3. Eurypelma epicureana Chamberlin, new species

Male : Cephalothorax, legs and abdomen below clothed with brown
hair. The dorsum of the abdomen clothed with shorter, dense, black hairs
and longer bright rusty red hairs which are sparser caudally, where they
leave a blackish spot more or less exposed.

JQg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Carapace longer than wide. Fovea .65 of the distance from anterior
end to posterior end. Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, a line
tangent to lower margin of median eyes being nearly tangent to upper
margin of lateral eyes. Anterior median eyes about their diameter apart ;
obviously smaller than the laterals. Posterior row of eyes equal in
length to the anterior row. Posterior median eyes somewhat obvate,
nearly touching the larger lateral eyes behind, farther removed, though
by less than their radius, from the anterior medians. Qaws of legs with
a few weak teeth proximad of middle. Tibia I with the usual bifurcate

Eurypelma epicureana

Fig. 5. Anterior view of bulb of male palpus.

spur, the longer outer branch of which is bent mesad at tip. Metatarsus
I curved toward base as in lanceolntum. On anterior face of coxa I,
both above and below suture, the setae are in part spinescent at base.
Inner surface of tibia of palpus with six spines. Apical portion of bulb
as shown in fig. 5.

Length, 40 mm.; cephalothorax, 20 mm.; width, 17.2 mm.; Tib. + pat.
I, 21 mm.; met. I, 12.2 mm.; Tib. + pat. IV. 21 mm.; met. IV, 18 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1140, $ ; Paratype, M. C. Z.,
No. 1141. $.

Type locality: Chichen Itza, Yucatan.

Related to E. lauceolatum Simon. It differs from that
species, aside from coloration and different proportions, also
decidedly in the form of the stylus of bulb, which approaches
more nearly to that of vagans Ausserer.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEVV NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS IQ^

4. Eurypelma stoica Chamberlin, new species

Male : Body clothed with rusty brown hair.

Cephalothorax longer than wide, with the fovcola about seven twelfths
the distance from anterior end to caudal. Anterior median eyes clearly
less than their diameter apart and not quite so far from the laterals.
Anterior row in front view strongly procurved. Posterior median eyes
elliptic, much smaller than the laterals, with which they are subcontiguous ;
distinctly recurved from anterior median eyes. Tarsal claws typically with
three weak teeth near middle. Anterior face of coxa I with no hairs of
basally stout or spinescent form. Tibia I with the double spine at distal

Eurypelma stoica

Fig. 6. Anterior view of bulb of male palpus.

end of usual general form, the outer branch longest, both branches curved
somewhat toward each other, each terminating in a stout spine. Meta-
tarsus I straight throughout. Inner side of tibia of palpus bearing six or
seven spines. Bulb short, the apical portion spatuliform with lower
margin finely serrate. See fig. 6.

Length, 23 mm.; cephalothorax, 11.5 mm.; width, 9.5 mm. Tib. + pat.
IV, 14.7 mm.; met. IV, 13.8 mm. Tib + pat. I, 14.8 mm.; met. I, 8.2 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1142, S .
Type locality: Chichen Itza, Yucatan.

LlNYPHIID^

5. Ceraticelus creolus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Carapace and scuta of abdomen yellowish brown, the legs and
soft parts of abdomen clearer yellow.

In the form of the cephalothorax suggesting C. emertoni (Cambridge),
to which it is obviously related. The head protruding forward over the

August 14, 1925

110

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

clypeus, rounded, not at all subdivided. The upper scutum of abdomen
covers most of the dorsum ; ventrally there is the usual epigastric plate
and in addition one in front of spinnerets. The palpus has the tibial
apophysis distally very slender, and bent nearly at right angles to the
basal part but not uncate as it is in C nubiliccps Chamberlin, which is
also a Louisiana species. It appears to differ clearly from other species
of the same group in details of the bulb which are shown in figs. 9 and 10.

Length, L4 mm.

Female: Heavier than the male, with the cephalothorax normal. The
abdomen retains the epigastric plate and the plate in front of spinnerets
less developed but with no trace of the dorsal plate.

Length, 1.9 mm.

Ceraticelus creoliis

Fig. 9. Right palpus of male, ventral view. 10. The same, dorsal
view.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1106, S ; Allotype, M. C. Z.,
1107, ?'; Paratypcs, M. C. Z.

Type locality: Benton, Louisiana; R. V. Chamberlin coll.

6. Ceratinopsis atolmus Chamberlin, new species

Male : This is a small form in which the cephalothorax is brown, with
the eye region black. The legs yellow. Abdomen dusky.

Head narrow, with the lateral eyes prominent but not on distinct tuber-
cles. The species is characterized chiefly by the structure of the palpus.
In this it suggests C. anglicanus but is readily distinguishable in details
both of the tibial apophysis and of the bulb of the palpus as shown in
figs. 11 and 12.

Length, 1.8 mm.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

HI

Ceratinopsis atolmus

Fig. 11. Left palpus of male, ventral view. 12. The same, sub-
dorsal view.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1105.

Type locality: Springfield, Tennessee.

Genus Spirembolus Chamberlin

In the genus Spirembolus Chamberlin the embolic division
of the palpal organ is developed into a remarkable spiral as
shown in figure 20. There is little variation in the palpal
organ in the different species and it is, therefore, not figured
for all.

Spirembolus perjucundus

Fig. 15. Cephalothorax, lateral view.

Spirembolus vallicolens

Fig. 16. Cephalothorax, lateral view.

112

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Key to Species of Spirembolus, Males

Hi. Femur of palpus armed at tip on the inner angle with a
small but distinct whitish process,
bi. Clypeus viewed from the side nearly straight, protrud-
ing (fig. 16) S. vallicolcns Chamberlin

Spirembolus spirotiibtis

Fig. 17. Tibial apophysis of male palpus,
lateral view.

18. Cephalothorax,

Spirembolus monticolcns

Fig. 19. Male palpus, to show tibial apophysis.

Spirembolus spirotubns

Fig. 20. Palpal organ, ventral view.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

113

h,. Clypeiis viewed from the side distinctly concave below

the anterior median eyes (fig. 13)

5. synopticiis, new species

3.2- Femur of palpus unarmed at tip.

b\ Tibial apophysis without a tooth on the mesal side.

(fig. 19) S. monticolcns Chamberlin

b^. Tibial apophysis with a distinct tooth on the mesal side,
(fig. 17).

Ci. Head abruptly elevated behind (fig. 15)

S. perjucundus, new species

C2. Head more gradually elevated (fig. 18)

S. spirotithus (Banks)

7. Spirembolus synopticus Crosby, new species

Male : Cephalothorax brown, with radiating lines. Seen from the side
the dorsal line ascends evenly to the posterior eyes with scarcely any de-
pression at the cervical groove. Anterior median eyes projecting for-
ward. Clypeus broad, nearly perpendicular, evenly and distinctly con-
cave (fig. 13).

Spirembolus synopticus

Fig. 13. Lateral view of cephalothorax. 14. Male palpus to show
tibial apophysis.

Posterior row of eyes gently recurved; the median eyes slightly nearer
to each other than to the lateral ; anterior row procurved, the median
much nearer to each other than to the lateral. Sternum and labium nearly

JJ4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

black. Endites yellow, mottled wih grey; large and very broad at the tip
with a hardened ridge on the edge next to claw of the chelicera. Sternum
separating the hind coxae by less than their length and squarely truncate
behind.

Legs yellow, palpi paler ; tibia, metatarsi and tarsi of the first legs, and
tibia and metatarsi of second, armed on the outside with a series of short
forward-curved hairs. Abdomen grey. Palpus has the femur nearly as
long as the rest of the palpus. At the meso-distal angle there is short
white round-pointed process. Tibial apophysis very long, and curved,
with a strong sharp tooth on the mesal side (fig. 14).

Length, 2 mm.

Holotype: Cornell Univ., $ ; Paratype, M. C. Z., $ .

Type locality: Berkeley, California, Nov., 1919. Three
males taken by sifting. (Henry Dietrich). Other locality,
Stanford, California, 1920-21. One male from branches of
pine. (J. C. Chamberlin).

When Banks described Tiso spirotobus he mentioned an-
other species from Washington state. I found in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology a specimen from Olympia, Washing-
ton, which is doubtless the one to which he referred. It is a
specimen of vS". synopticus.

8. Spirembolus perjucundus Crosby, new species

Male : Cephalothorax brownish with darker radiating lines ; viewed
from above evenly rounded on the sides and broadly rounded in front,
not constricted at the cervical groove ; viewed from the side, the dorsal
outline is arched to the cervical groove, where there is a distinct depres-
sion. Head strongly elevated, rounded over the top to the anterior me-
dian eyes ; clypeus very wide, nearly vertical in the upper part, protruding
below (fig. 15). Posterior eyes in a gently procurved line, the median
nearer to the lateral than to each other. Anterior eyes in a strongly
procurved line, the median much smaller than the lateral, subcontiguous,
and widely separated from the lateral. Anterior median eyes higher than
the posterior median. Ocular area clothed with short stiff hairs directed
upward and backward. Sternum dark grey over brown ; endites brownish
yellow, mottled with grey. Legs and palpi light brownish yellow, the legs
abundantly clothed with short curved hairs.

Abdomen dark grey or black. Palpus with the femur nearly as long as
the rest of the segments combined, the patella half as long as the femur,

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS W^

and the tibia, including the apophysis, as long as the patella. Femur not
armed on the inner angle with a white process. Tibial apophysis very
long and slender, armed on the mesal side with a distinct tooth. Palpal
organ similar to that of the other species.
Length, 1.7 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1250, $ ; Paratype, Cornell Univ.,

Type locality: San Gregorio Beach, San Mateo Co., Cali-
fornia, 1920-21. (J. C. Chamberlin). Other locality: Berk-
eley, California, Nov., 1919. (Dietrich).

Genus Tortembolus Crosby, new genus

Head of male elevated into a large lobe which does not bear
the eyes, and provided with postocular pits. Palpal organ
similar to that of Spirembohis. The embolic division of the
spiral type. There are three full turns of the spiral and the
basal part forms part of the coil.

Genotype: T. tortitosus Crosby, new species.

I would also place in this genus Dismodicus alpinus Banks
and Lophocarenum fasciatum Banks (of which Diplocephalus
castigaiorius Crosby is a synonym). In Dismodicus bifrons
Blackwall, the type of that genus, although the head of the
male is elevated in much the same way as in Tortembolus, the
palpal organ is of a different type. Tortembolus is distin-
guished from Spirembolus Chamberlin by the form of the head
and the presence of postocular pits; the palpal organ is of the
same type in both genera.

Key to the Species of Tortembolus, Males

ai. Abdomen distinctly marked with alternating light and dark

transverse bands fasciatiis (Banks)

aa. Abdomen not distinctly banded.

bi. Tibial apophysis short and broad alpinus (Banks)

ba. Tibial apophysis long and slender.

Ci. Epigastric plates very finely striate

tortuosus, new species

C2. Epigastric plates coarsely striate

demouologicus, new species

116

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser,

9. Tortembolus tortuosus Crosby, new species

Male : Cephalothorax greyish brown with the margin and the radiating
lines darker. Cephalic lobe paler with a fine greyish longitudinal line m
the middle. Viewed from the side, gradually ascending to the cervical
groove ; head elevated into a very large rounded lobe whicli does not bear
the eyes. It is slightly retreating in front so that it partly overhangs the

Fig. 21

Tortembolus tortuosus

Fig. 21. Cephalothorax, lateral view. 22. Palpal organ, ventral
view. 2Z. The same, lateral view.

posterior median eyes, and is bounded on each side by a distinct groove
in which there is a small round pit back of and above the posterior lateral
eye. Clypeus nearly vertical and slightly convex (fig. 21). Posterior
eyes when viewed directly from above gently recurved, the median about
their diameter from the lateral and a little farther from each other. An-
terior eyes in a straight line, the median smaller than the lateral, subcon-
tiguous, separated from the lateral by radius of median.

Vol. XI\] CHAMDERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS Hy

Sternum grey over brown, smooth and shining. Endites yellowish
marked with grey. Hind coxse separated by nearly their length. Legs
brownish yellow. Front tarsi and metatarsi equal. Abdomen grey. The
epigastric plates small, and widely separated by soft integument; the
striations very fine ; the stridulating tooth on hind coxae well developed.

Femur of palpus compressed and somewhat keeled below ; patella about
two thirds as long as femur; except at base, as broad as femur; tibia
short but armed with a very long, slender apophysis which ends in a
minute recurved hook opposite the angle on the back of the tarsus ; the
paracymbium is broad and flat and bent into a rounded hook; basal part
of the embolic division a broad coiled band, after one turn it becomes a
black coiled rod ; there are three complete turns to the spiral ; tip sup-
ported by a membranous conductor, lying near a pointed process (figs.
22 and 23).

Length, 1.1 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1251, S ; Paratypes, M. C. Z.,
Cal. Acad. Sci., and Cornell Univ.

Type locality: Stanford, California, 1920-21. Three males.
Other locality' Mayfield, California, October 30, 1920. Sev-
eral males. (J. C. Chamberlin).

10. Tortembolus demonologicus Crosby, new species

Male : Cephalothorax greyish brownish yellow, with the radiating
line and the margin darker. Viewed from above, rounded on the sides
and scarcely, if at all, constricted back of the eyes. Cephalic does not
overhanging the posterior median eyes, which are fully visible when
viewed from directly above, marked over the top with a double grey line.
Viewed from the side, ascending evenly to base of cephalic lobe, which is
very high and rounded over the top, not retreating in front above the
eyes. Clypeus convex (fig. 24).

Posterior eyes in a gently recurved row, the median a little farther from
each other than from the lateral. Anterior eyes in a gently recurved row,
the median smaller, subcontiguous, separated from the lateral by nearly
the diameter of the median. Sternum grey over brown, darker towards
the margin, smooth and shining. Endites brownish yellow tinged with
grey. Hind coxae separated by less than their diameter. Legs and palpi
pale yellowish, palpal organ closely resembling that of T. tortuosiis, but
the terminal coil of the embolus not so long, and the basal part of the
embolic division narrow (figs. 25 and 26).

Abdomen grey, a light line on each side beneath ; epigastric plates
broadly separated by grey integument ; striations coarse, there being only
five or six transverse lines.

Length, L3 mm.

August 14, 1925

118

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Fig. 24

Tortembolus demonologicus

Fig. 24. Cephalothorax, lateral view. 25. Palpus, mesal view.
26. The same, ectal view.

Holotype: Cornell Univ., $ ; Paratypes, M. C. Z.

Type locality: Berkeley, California, December, 1919,
(Dietrich). Other locality, Mayfield, California, October 30,
1920. Two males. (J. C. Chamberlin).

11. Neriene redacta Chamberlin, new species

Male : Cephalothorax elongate and conspicuously narrowed caudad,
dusky fulvous, without definite markings; legs fulvous, a little dusky;
abdomen blackish, formed much as in coccinea, strongly constricted at
middle.

Chelicera with a stout tooth at proximal end toward mesal side ; femur
of palpus on proximal half with a patch of conspicuous cusps on ventral
and mesal sides ; palpal organ as shown in fig. 27.

Length, 3 mm.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

119

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1095, $ .

Type locality: Punta Gorda, Florida.

This species, while resembhng in size and general appear-
ance A'', coccinea (Hentz), differs rather widely in the struc-
ture of the palpal organ, in the presence of the cusps on the

Neriene redacta

Fig. 27. Left palpus of male, mesal view.

femur of the palpus, etc. It is closer to N. clathrata ( Sunde-
wall) in the structure of the palpus, though this is clearly dis-
tinct in the form of the tegulum, etc. It is different in the more
pronounced constriction of the abdomen and in its smaller size.

12. Neriene dogmatica Chamberlin, new species

Male : Carapace blackish brown, the color deeper along margin, but
with no definite markings. Proximal half of femur of palpi yellowish,
distal half and the more distal joints blackish. Femora of all legs yel-
low at proximal end, elsewhere dusky, more or less streaked with yellow.
Tibiae with a dark annulus at distal end and one near middle commonly
incomplete, three annuli, typically obscure, on anterior legs. Metatarsi
with dark annulus at distal end and a much larger one in middle region ;
the posterior tarsi in particular may show a submedian annulus. Abdomen
nearly black everywhere excepting in a light stripe over each antero-
lateral corner and caudad a little beyond middle, this stripe with white
or silvery spots anteriorly. In the palpus the patella wholly lacks a

120

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

process and the tibia is simply extended distally on the dorsomesal side
but shows no true apophysis. Details of the bulb shown in fig. 28.
Length, 4.2 mm.

Neriene dogmatica

Fig. 28. Right palpus of male, mesal view.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1109, $ .

Type locality: Jasper Ridge, San Mateo Co., California.
Winter of 1920-21. Joseph C. Chamberlin. One adult and
one immature male.

This species is placed in Neriene because of its palpal char-
acters rather than on the basis of the eyes, the eyes of the
posterior row differing but little in size. It may be distin-
guished from clathrata, redacta, and the others, in the form of
the tegulum, which lacks a distal process, and in otlier details
of the palpus.

13. Microneta evadens Chamberlin, new species

Male : This is a small species having both cephalothorax and abdomen
dusky, without markings, and the legs yellow.

Cephalothorax considerably longer than wide ; eye-region elevated ;
clypeus depressed below eyes and slanting slightly forward to base of

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERUN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS \2\

chelicerse, convex from side to side. Chelicerae straight; lower margin
with a series of four small teeth, the upper margin with a series of six
or seven.

The species is clearly characterized by structural features of the palpus.
The tibia is elevated above segment to tarsus and bears on the caudal
surface of the elevation a caudally directed tooth. The cymbium bears a

Microneta evadcns

Fig. 29. Right palpus of male, dorsoectal view.

short rounded process at its caudal end and mesodistad of this a longer,
apically somewhat uncate process. The paracymbium is furcate at its
outer end, the lower prong being long, as shown in fig. 29.
Length, 1.8 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1103, $ .

Type locality: Wellesley, Massachusetts. One male taken
in May.

14. Bathyphantes wana Chamberlin, new species

Male : This species seems to stand apart, with B. micaria Emerton,
from other North American species in the form of the chelicerae and
palpi. The chelicerae are strongly narrowed at distal ends, above which,
in side view, they appear to bulge strongly. Fig. 32. Each chelicera is
armed near middle on anteromesal surface with a distinct tooth. The
palpus is superficially characterized by having two processes or horns on
the dorsum of the cymbium toward its base on the inner margin. See
fig. 30.

122

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Carapace, sternum and chelicerae dusky. Legs yellowish. Abdomen
dusky, somewhat paler above but without definite markings, or at most
with faint suggestion of cross marks.

Length, 2.8 mm.

Bathyphantes wana

Fig. 30. Right palpus of male, mesal view. 31. Tibia and basal
part of tarsus of same, ectal view. 32. Right chelicera, ectal
view.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1097, $ ; Paratypes, M. C. Z.,
No. 1098.

Type locality: Oyster Bay, New York. Other localities.
Three Mile Id., Lake Winnepesaukee, New Hampshire, May
29, 1906; Long Id., Maine, May 17, 1904; Ithaca, New York,
pasture near Lake Beebe, July 31, 1909.

Bathyphantes micaria

Fig. 33. Paracymbium and tibia of male palpus, ectal view.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS 123

This species has been heretofore confused with B. micaria
Emerton. In the latter the upper part of the chehcera is less
thickened and in lateral view notably less convex. A character
of particular importance is that the cymbium of the male pal-
pus in micaria has only one process, which is longer and more
curved than either of the two present in ivana (fig. 33). The
distal end of the tibia in the male palpus has a process or ele-
vation but is narrower and shorter.

15. Bathyphantes dentichelis Chamberlin, new species

Male : A species placed tentatively in Bathyphantes, though not typical
in a number of characters. It resembles certain species of Neriene (Liny-
phiella as typified by coccinea Hentz) in the elongate cephalothorax which
is narrowed conspicuously behind the middle and also in front of it.
The abdomen is narrowed at front end and is moderately constricted at
the middle, so that the animal as a whole suggest some of the ant-like
forms. Qypeus, as viewed from above, convex from side to side; de-

Bathyphantes dentichelis

Fig. 34. Right palpus of male, ectodorsal view.

pressed below the eyes. Posterior row of eyes straight or slightly pro-
curved ; the medians a little larger than the laterals, nearer to each other
than to the latter; lateral eyes on each side contiguous, prominent; anterior
median eyes small, close together, much farther from the laterals.
Chelicerae of male distinguished by being armed down the anterior face

124

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

with a series of fine conspicuous teeth, much as in species of Erigone;
constricted distally adjacent to base of claw; a prominent tooth on ven-
tral margin of furrow near base of claw and directed distad. Legs long
and slender ; with few or no spines ; metatarsus I a little shorter than
Tibia I.

Carapace dusky. Legs flavous. Abdomen blackish with a light-colored
annulus about the median constriction.

Palpus, fig. 34.

Length, 2 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1096, $ .
Type locality: New Orleans, Louisiana.

Thomisid^

16. Philodromus syntheticus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Carapace fulvous, dusky on the sides and on posterior end of
pars cephalica. Clypeus crossed by two vertical bands composed of dense,
fine black dots ; chelicerse also densely dotted on front face. Sternum and

Philodromus syntheticus

Fig. 35. Left palpus of male, ectal view. 36. The same, ventral
view.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN— NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS 125

coxae of legs beneath, yellow; legs yellowish, marked with black; the
patellae, femora, tibiae and metatarsi with numerous black dots, those
on tibiae and metatarsi tending to condense in bands at the ends
and also at middle in case of the metatarsi. Abdomen with the usual
spear-shaped black mark at base followed behind by two longitudinal
black marks on each side of middle, these converging caudad and uniting
in front of spinnerets. Sides of abdomen finely dotted with black, the
venter immaculate.

Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved ; eyes subequal ; median eyes a
little more than their diameter apart, less than their diameter from the
laterals; posterior row of eyes strongly recurved, the eyes equidistant;
area of median eyes narrower in front than behind. Palpus, figs. 35
and Z6.

Length, 5 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., $ .

Type locality: Patagonia, Arizona, May, 1913. R. V.
Chamberlin.

In the greater length of the second legs this species is
among those suggesting Ebo, but the relations of the eyes
separate it from that genus.

Lycosid.e
17. Pardosa heretica Chamberlin, new species

Female : Under alcohol the carapace appears nearly black excepting
for the median light stripe behind the eyes which is as wide as the eye
area ; sternum blackish brown ; legs also blackish or blackish brown,
lighter distally ; abdomen blackish above, somewhat lighter along the
middle, the venter lighter as usual.

Anterior row of eyes much shorter than the second, procurved ; median
eyes decidedly larger than the laterals, more than their radius apart and
about an equal distance from the laterals. Upper margin of furrow of
chelicera with three teeth, the lower with but two, which are large. Epi-^
gynum, fig. 37.

Length, 6 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 9 .

Type locality: Patagonia, Arizona. R. V. Chamberlin
coll.

126

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Pardosa heretica

Fig. 37. Epigynum.

Readily distinguished in having only two teeth on lower
margin of furrow of chelicera but three on the upper margin
as in Lycosa, and in the peculiar form of the epigynum.

OXYOPIDuE

18. Oxyopes classicus Chamberlin, new species

Female: Carapace brown with the usual median dorsal lighter stripe
and a vertical light line on clypeus widening below. Sternum yellow at
the middle and brown at the sides. Labium nearly black, the endites
brown. Legs brown, the femora darkened and other joints annulate.

Oxyopes classicus

Fig. 38. Epigynum.

Venter of abdomen with a median longitudinal dark band, each side of
which it is light from numerous fine yellow dots on a duller, more greyish
background.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEIV NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS 127

Abdomen broad anteriorly, more robust than in sal tic us, with caudal
end abruptly narrowing to an acute point. The species seems easily
distinguishable from O. salticus Hentz, aside from different details of
coloration, in the form of the epigynum, the forwardly projecting process
of which is rounded at the end and parallel-sided, not acute (fig. 38).

Length, 8 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 9 .

Type locality: Altoona, Florida. One female.

19. Oxyopeidon haytianum Chamberlin, new species

Female : In general size and appearance this species resembles O.
cubanum. It differs in the form of the clypeus, which is more nearly
vertical and is not so conspicuously convex and curved back at its lower
end. It differs also in the form of the abdomen, which is high behind,
with the posterior declivity descending almost vertically to the spinneretes.

Carapace light chestnut, clothed with narrow white scales ; chelicerae

Oxyopeidon haytianum

Fig. 39. Epigynum.

similar; sternum and legs yellowish; abdomen ventrally light and without
markings ; dorsum clothed with brown and white scales. Anterior eyes
rather more widely separated than in cubanum, with the median nearer
to each other than to the laterals instead of equidistant. Epigynum, fig.
39.

Length, 7 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1189, $ .

Type locality: Hayti. One female. Crew coll.

128 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

20. Oxyopeidon communicans Chamberlin, new species

Female: This species differs from haytianum in having the carapace
higher behind just in front of the posterior declivity than in the eye-
region instead of having the dorsal line descend gradually caudad.

Carapace brown, somewhat dusky on the sides and clothed with white
scales. Sternum and coxse of legs beneath yellow. Legs fulvous or
light brown, vaguely annulate with dark. Abdomen slender, regularly
narrowing caudad from middle, the dorsal line evenly descending, not more

Oxyopeidon communicans
Fig. 40. Epigynum.

abruptly bent at caudal end ; a black spear-shaped mark at base above
and some black chevron lines behind ; the sides also blackish ; the venter
pale, marked with one or more black lines. Eyes of anterior row equi-
distant ; no transverse depression above the anterior row of eyes. Epi-
gynum, fig. 40.
Length 5.5 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1190, 9 .

Type locality: Hayti. One female. Crew coll.

21. Oxyopeidon cubanum Chamberlin, new species

Hamataliwa grisea Banks (not of Keyserling), in part, Second Rep.
Cent. Exp. Sta. Cuba, 1909, p. 167.

Female : Integument of carapace fulvous, dusky over sides and cly-
peus ; sternum yellowish ; chelicerse clothed with white scales. Legs ful-
vous, in part somewhat dusky, the metatarsi obscurely triannulate and in
life it is possible that other joints may have showed annuli. Abdomen
dark in a mark at base and over sides ; also in a longitudinal median

Vol. XIV 1 CIIAMDERLIX—NEIV NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

129

ventral band ; it is wholly denuded of hair at present and the markings
as in life cannot be determined.

Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved, eyes equidistant, the laterals
greatly exceeding the medians, as usual. Posterior row of eyes strongly

Oxyopeidon cuhanuni

Fig. 41. Epigynum.

procurved, with the medians two-thirds as far from the laterals as from
each other. Abdomen conspicuously pointed behind over posterior third
of its length, but without distinct lateral tubercles. Epigynum, fig. 41.
Length, 6 mm.

Holotypc: M. C. Z., No. 1187, 9.

Type locality: Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Baker coll.
One female.

22. Oxyopeidon tuberculatum Chamberlin, new species

Haviataliwa grisea Banks (nee Keyserling), in part. Second Rep. Cent.
Exp. Sta. Cuba, 1909, p. 167.

Female : The specimen has been too long preserved to show color
markings at all clearly. At present the entire carapace is a uniform dusky
fulvous and is clothed with scales that appear dark. Sternum and legs
yellowish, with femora of the latter dusky; annuli may have been present
in fresh specimens but they do not show at present. No definite markings
are now apparent on abdomen.

Head strongly transversely furrowed or depressed above eyes, the de-
pression more sharply pronounced than in cubanum with which the eyes
nearly agree in their relations. The abdomen is pointed behind as in

130

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

cubanum, but is characterized by the presence of a conspicuous tubercle
on each side just in front of the narrowing caudal region. Epigynum,
fig. 43.

Length, 4.6 mm.

Oxyopeidon tuberculatum

Fig. 42. Abdomen. 43. Epigynum, probably not quite mature.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1188, 2.

Type locality: Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba.

Salticid^

23. Sitticus synopticus Chamberlin, new species

Female : Under alcohol the carapace shows a distinct median longi-
tudinal light stripe extending from a light area in the ocular region
caudad and down the posterior declivity; black each side of the median
stripe ; sides light excepting a black marginal line ; sternum and legs

Sitticus synopticus

Fig. 44. Epigynum.

flavous, unmarked. Abdomen yellow below ; dorsum dark at the sides
with a median light stripe enclosing a lanceolate dark mark anteriorly,
from which two lines extend out on each side to the dark area.

Vol, XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS I3I

Tibia I has below two pairs of spines and a single spine at anterior
end ; one spine on anterior face ; tibia II has three spines under posterior
border and a single spine on anterior face. Epigynum as shown in fig. 44.

Length, 5.5 mm. ; cephalothorax, 3 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1057, 9 .

Type locality: Sausalito, Cal. R. V. Chamberlin coll.

Genus Anicius Chamberlin, new genus

Resembles Wala in general appearance but differs in having
a compound, two-cusped tooth on the lower margin of the
furrow of the chelicera. Cephalothorax relatively a little
longer and more nearly parallel-sided. Quadrangle of poster-
ior eyes wider than long, as wide in front as behind, shorter
than thoracic division. Anterior row of eyes with line of
upper edges a little recurved, nearly straight. Tibia I with
three pairs of spines beneath; tibia II with two seriate spines
beneath as in Icius. Abdomen slender, narrowed caudad.
First legs much heavier and longer than the others and the
fourth clearly exceeding the third.

Genotype: Anicius dolius, new species.

24. Anicius dolius Chamberlin, new species

Male : In general light in color. A band of white hair along each side
of carapace above a darker border. Palpi and first legs blackish, strongly
contrasting with the three last pairs of legs, which are light yellow, much
as in Wala. Abdomen with two longitudinal bands of white hair corre-
sponding to those of carapace ; the intervening dorsal region bordered
with a deep-colored line on each side, a dark median band sending out
branches to these lines, herring-bone like, and clothed with iridescent
scales ; venter with three dark longitudinal lines combined with each
other at ends, a lighter stripe along each side.

First legs much heavier and longer than the others. Palpus, fig. 45.

Length, 4 mm.; cephalothorax, 1.8 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1066, $ .

Type locality : Guadalajara, Mexico. One male.

132

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Aniciiis dolius

Fig. 45. Right palpus of male, ventral view. 46. Tibia and basal
part of tarsus of same, ectal view.

25. Phidippus pogonopus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Carapace with integument brown, rubbed bare in type ; clypeus
bearing long, greyish-brown hair; chelicerae green in front. First legs
heavily fringed beneath; the fringe of femur long, black excepting proxi-

Phidippus pogonopus

Fig. 47. Right palpus of male, ventral view. 48. Tibia and base
of tarsus of same, ectal view.

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN— NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS I33

mally where white; fringe of patella black on ectal half, white on mesal;
fringe of tibia black excepting a few white hairs at proximal end ; fringe
of metatarsus white on proximal portion, black on distal ; fringe of tarsus
white; the other legs are also fringed ventrally, the fringe becoming
more sparse from second to fourth legs. Integument of abdomen dor-
sally showing a light band at base ending squarely at middle where each
angle is extended laterally ; an oblique light line on each side of this basal
mark and behind it two transverse light lines on each side ; a clothing of
light grey or white hair over anterior face and back on the sides, some
being also still present on middorsal region though here most are rubbed
off the type specimen. Integument of venter paler but clothed with fine,
longer black hair. Palpus, figs. 47 and 48.
Length, 9 mm ; cephalothorax, 4.5 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1069, $ .

Type locality: Green River, Utah, 1921. R. V. Chamber-
lin Jr. One adult male and one immature specimen.

26. Phidippus molinor Chamberlin, new species

Female : Integument within ocular area reddish, elsewhere on the
carapace of a duller color, black about eyes ; carapace clothed with light
grey hair, uniform, without distinct bands; clypeus densely clothed with
white hair; white hair also on upper part of chelicerse. Legs brown, hair

Phidippus molinor

Fig. 49. Epigynum.

grey, with the usual longer dark setae. Integument of dorsum of abdomen
chocolate colored, with an H-shaped light mark in anterior region, the
cross-piece extended caudad at middle ; a pair of light spots behind the
H-mark and farther behind two oblique lines on each side proceeding
from the light area of the sides ; sides crossed with broken oblique bars
of chocolate color ; venter with a median dark stripe, the lateral parts

134

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

light; abdomen clothed with whitish hair or scales like those of carapace
and legs, this hair apparently denser on the light areas of integument.

Epigynum, fig. 49.

Length, 7.8 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1071, $ .

Type locality: Mill Creek Canyon, Utah. One female. R.
V. Chamberlin.

27. Dendryphantes mylothrus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Integument of both cephalothorax and abdomen dark, nearly
black. On carapace a band of white hair along each side back of the
posterior eye and extending to and down the posterior declivity ; a trans-

Dendryphantes mylotlvrus

Fig. 50. Left palpus of male, ectal view,
view.

51. The same, ventral

verse band of white hair behind posterior eyes, with white hair also back
of anterior eyes. Legs blackish throughout excepting tarsi or tarsi and
metatarsi which are less dusky. Abdomen very dark, a band of white
hair about anterior end and caudad along the sides with some also dor-
sally but with no distinct markings on dorsum shown by type.

The species is characterized particularly by the form of the embolus
which, while distally suggesting that oi D. capitatus, is clearly different

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN~NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

135

in the longer and decidedly curved proximal portion. See further figs.
50 and 51.
Length, 5.5 mm ; cephalothorax, 3 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1055, $ .

Type locality: Mill Creek Canyon, Utah. R. V. Cham-
berlin coll.

Females from the same locality and perhaps belonging with
this male specifically are in coloration and general structure ap-
parently very close to capitattis and ceneolus, the epigynum
being of the same type as in the latter species.

28. Dendryphantes mimus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Coloration much as in sausalitanus ; carapace similarly dark
and with a broad band of white hair on each side; legs similarly but
not so strongly darkened. Abdomen with median region darker, bordered
with a lighter stripe on each side, the sides and lateral portion of dorsum
dark excepting for a light band around anterior end and extending back

Dendryphantes mimus

Fig. 52. Epigynum. 53. Right palpus of male, ventral view.
54. The same, ectal view.

135 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

on each side to spinnerets; dorsum without markings or with some paler
chevron marks obscure.

Chelicerae small, vertical. Spines under tibia, I, 3-3, with those under
the posterior border much more widely separated than the anterior ones.

Palpus short, with the tarsus comparatively large as in sausalitanns
rather than as in melanomerus and mathetes; embolus furcate as in capi-
tatus but the main branch straight and truncate at the end (figs. 53 and
54).

Length, 4 mm ; cephalothorax, 2 mm.

Female : What is presumably the female of this species differs in color
from the male in having the legs yellow and unmarked with dark, or
the posterior pairs with an obscure annulus at distal end of joints ; cara-
pace lighter above; white bands of sides uniting and covering posterior
declivity; head in eye region clothed with grey hair and dark ones inter-
mixed ; clypeus and upper part of chelicerae clothed with white hair. Ab-
domen with a median longitudinal pale stripe bordered on each side, with
a more or less interrupted dark band in which are some deeper spots, the
median region enclosing a herring-bone mark which extends nearly to
spinnerets ; a light band across anterior end and extending caudad on each
side to spinnerets.

Epigynum, fig. 52.

Length, up to 6 mm. when abdomen is extended ; cephalothorax, 2 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1047, $ ; Allotype, M. C. Z., 1048,
5 ; Paratypes, M. C. Z.

Type locality: Pecos, New Mexico. R. V. Chamberlin.

Other locality: Del Norte, Colorado.

29. Dendryphantes apachecus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Carapace dark. The type is too much rubbed to determine
character of the original hair covering accurately, but it obviously had
normally white hairs on the sides and posterior declivity of carapace,
these being denser along the lateral borders. Chelicerae black. Femora
of legs dark, the color of the first ones deepest, black or nearly so ; other
joints lighter, but the patellae and tibiae, especially of the anterior pairs,
more or less dusky. Integument of dorsum of abdomen black along each
side, leaving a paler median stripe over entire length which encloses a
dark lanceolate mark in its anterior two thirds ; a white stripe across
anterior end and back along each side; lower part of sides dark, the
midventral region paler.

\'0L. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

137

Chelicerae oblique, the claws rather long and somewhat sinuous. Palpi
slender, the tarsus small. Bulb and apophysis as shown in figs. 55 and 56.
Characterized readily by the form of the embolus.

Length, 4.2 n:m; cephalothorax, 2 mm.

Dendryphantes apachccus

Fig. 55. Right palpus of male, ectal view. 56. The same, more
enlarged, ventral view.

Holotypc: M. C. Z., No. 1051, $ ; Paratype, M. C. Z., No.
1052.

Type locality: Precise locality uncertain, but possibly
Thatcher, Arizona. R. V. Chamberlin, 1913. Other locality,
Ft. Collins, Colorado. R. V. Chamberlin, 1904.

30. Dendryphantes sausalitanus Chamberlin, new species

Male : A broad band of white hair below eyes on each side ana ex-
tending caudad to posterior declivity, some white hairs also above eyes
of first row and mesad of others. Femora entirely black, or, posterior
ones in particular, paler at proximal end ; patellae black distally ; tibiae
entirely dark or, on posterior legs, with the dark color tending to condense
into a broad band ; metatarsus dark distally, the color tending to diffuse
in anterior legs ; tarsi pale ; tarsus of palpus dark, with some white scales
above ; coxse of legs pale. Sternum blackish. Abdomen wholly dark ex-
cepting for the usual light band across anterior end and part way back

138

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

on sides ; the dorsum in the two types showing no markings, or, in one,
with vague traces of paired spots of white hair.

CheHcerfe small, only a little oblique. Spines of antior tibise as usual.
Palpus, figs. 57 and 58.

Length, 4.2 mm. ; cephalothorax, 2 mm.

Dendryphantes sausalitanus

Fig. 57. Right palpus of male, ectal view. 58. The same, more
enlarged, ventral view.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1045, $ ; Paratype, M. C. Z., No.
1046, $.

Type locality: Sausalito, California, 1909. R. V. Cham-
berlin coll.

In general appearance suggesting ceneohis, but readily dis-
tinguished from that and related species in the peculiar notched
tibial apophysis of the male palpus and the form of the embolus.

31. Dendryphantes mathetes Chamberlin, new species

Male: Carapace dark; clothed along lateral borders with a band of
white hair narrowing forward as in melanomerus, the upper part of
carapace in the type rubbed so that character of its clothing cannot be
ascertained. Legs colored as in melanomerus. Chelicerae dark, the an-
terior face black. Abdomen dark below and on sides ; a narrow light

\0L. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS

139

band around anterior end and extending caudad on each side to or be-
hind middle; two Hght lines corresponding to those in melanomerus but
these meeting at an angle on the dorsum and preceded by, more or less
confluent with, a second chevron which in turn is preceded by a pair of
light marks, the middorsal region appearing light caudad to spinnerets.
Spines under tibia I, 3-3, the posterior three a little more widely spaced
than the anterior ones; spines under tibia II, 1-3,

Dendryphantes mathetes

Fig. 59. Right palpus of male, ectal view. 60. The same, ventral
view.

Chelicerae of ordinary size, oblique, the claws more sinuous and more
uniformly narrowing distad than in melanomerus.

Palpus, figs. 59 and 60. The form of the embolus is distinctive. The
palpus is heavier and its tarsus larger than in melanomerus.

Length, 3.5 mm. ; cephalothorax, 2 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1043, S ; Paratype, M. C. Z., No.
1044, $.

Type locality: Claremont, California, 1909. R. V. Cham-
berlin coll.

32. Pellenes contingens Chamberlin, new species

Female : Integument of carapace blackish ; clothed with grey hair, and
with the usual longer dark bristles. Clypeus white, with a dark oblique
stripe beginning at each anterior median eye. Legs also clothed with grey.
Abdomen clothed with grey hair ; a band of white across anterior end ; two

140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Ser.

white transverse or oblique marks on each side of dorsum, one near and
one behind middle, a median white spot between the levels of these two
and a smaller one behind it; venter clothed with lighter, nearly white hair.

Pellenes contingens

Fig. 61. Epigynum.

Tibia I with three pairs of spines beneath. Tibia II with four spines
beneath, one at distal end under anterior border and three under posterior
border, of which the distal may apparently be sometimes absent. Epi-
gynum, fig. 61.

Length, 7 mm. ; cephalothorax, 3 mm.

Holotype: M. C. Z., No. 1064, 9 ; Paratype, M. C. Z.,
1065. 9.

Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico.

33. Pellenes grammaticus Chamberlin, new species

Female : Integument of carapace darkest, blackish, on head, a lighter
band on each side of dorsal part of thorax; clothed with greyish hair; no
definite bands detectable, though the specimen is considerably rubbed.
Clypeus clothed with white hair, with no darker markings. Legs with

Pellenes grammaticus

Fig. 62. Epigynum.

integument strongly annulate with black, the blackish color more or less
diffused on anterior legs on joints proximad of the metatarsi. Integu-
ment of the abdomen dark, nearly black above, with a median herring-bone
stripe over its entire length, this stripe fulvous, and also light marks on
the sides ; dorsum rubbed nearly bare, but whitish hair is present over

Vol. XIV] CHAMBERLIN—NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS 14^

anterior surface and back along sides ; venter clothed with light grey
or whitish hair, the integument beneath being mottled with dark.

Tibia I with five spines beneath, two under anterior border and three
under the posterior, the distal two of these paired with the corresponding
anterior ones. Tibia II with four spines, one at distal end under anterior
border and three under posterior border of which the distal one is re-
duced. Epigynum, fig. 62.

Length, 6 mm. ; cephalothorax, 2.8 mm.

Holotye: M. C. Z., No. 1068, ?.

Type locality: Thatcher, Arizona, 1913. R. V. Cham-
be rhii.

34. Pellenes leuceres Chamberlin, new species

Female : Carapace clothed with light grey or whitish hair throughout,
with no bands or markings. Clypeus with a dense clothing of white hair
excepting for an oblique dark band under each anterior median eye. Legs

i

^,

Pellenes leuceres

Fig. 63. Epigynum.

also clothed with hair like that of carapace. Abdomen clothed through-
out with light grey or whitish hair like that of carapace, the venter a
clearer white. Epigynum, fig. 63.
Length, 6.5 mm. ; cephalothorax, 3.2 mm.

Holotye: M. C. Z., No. 1063, 5.

Type locality: Auburn, Alabama, July, 1909. R. V. Cham-
berHn.

This species suggests sabulosus Peckham, but differs in the
more uniform coloring of hairs of thorax and abdomen which
lack the distinct bands and spots. It has similarly oblique lines
on the clypeus, but these are black instead of chestnut. The
epigyna are very similar.

J42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

35. Pellenes neomexicanus Chamberlin, new species

Female : Carapace clothed throughout with grey hair, showing no dis-
tinct markings. Clypeus clothed with white hair, with no trace of dark
spots or bands. Legs yellow, clothed with white scale-like hairs. Ab-
domen rubbed bare ; the integument dark, with oblique light stripes up
the sides ; venter yellow.

Tibia I very short, bearing below four spines, one under anterior bor-
der and three in series under posterior border. Tibia II also with four
spines beneath arranged as on tibia I. Epigynum, fig. 64.

Length, 7 mm. ; cephalothorax, 2.5 mm.

Pellenes neomexicanus

Fig. 64. Epigynum.

Holotype: M. C. Z., 1067, 9 .

Type locality: Albuquerque, New Mexico. R. V. Cham-
berlin.

In form of epigynum suggesting P. carolinensls, but readily
distinguished by dififerent color markings, spining of legs, etc.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 8, pp. 143-169, plates 11-14 August 14, 1925

VIII

ANATOMY OF LANX, A LIMPET-LIKE LYMN^ID

MOLLUSK

BY

H. BURRINGTON BAKER
University of Pennsylvania

In a recent paper, Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry^ pointed out that the
genus Lanx differed from the Ancylidae in the position of the
apex of the shell, in the absence of a distinct pseudobranch,
and in the Lymnaeid form of the jaw and dentition. For
these reasons, he decided that the Lancidae should be separated
as a family, with Lymnaeid rather than Ancylid affinities.

About the same time, Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Curator of
Paleontology, California Academy of Sciences, wrote me that
he had specimens of Lanx with the animal, originally preserved
in formalin, and very generously put them at my disposal.
One lot, from which the dissections were made, consisted of
seven specimens of Lanx alta (Tryon) from Klamath River
(on rocks in swift water), Klamathton, California, collected
by G. A. Coleman (Nov. 13, 1924). Although considerably
retracted and stiffened by the formalin, they made very satis-
factory material for dissection. The other set consisted of
smaller and somewhat lower specimens (slightly approaching
Lanx suhrotundata) from Rogue River, 6 miles south of
Grants Pass, Oregon, collected by G. D. Hanna (Nov. 15,

1 1925, Naut. XXXVIII, 73-75.

August 14, 1925

244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

1924) ; it was used in the preparation of a second series of
transverse sections. The identifications were made by Dr.
Pilsbry, whose many helpful criticisms were of greatest assist-
ance. The dissections were worked out and figured at the
Zoological Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania.

Especial acknowledgment is due Dr. Eleanor Carothers, of
the same laboratory, for the preparation of two very valuable
series of transverse sections. As those cut from a Rogue River
specimen show less maceration than the series from typical
Lanx alta, the former are used for some of the histological
figures, but only in cases where the essential structure is the
same in both forms. The series are stained with alum-co-
chineal and counter-stained with orange G.

In order to facilitate comparison of the figures made from
different animals, the measurements in millimeters are given
below for the shells of the individuals studied.

Length Width Height

Klamath River;

; No. 1

15.9

77 (12.3)

50 (8.1)

Figs. 2-4, 16

No. 2

14.5

75 (10.9)

50 (7.2)

Figs. 5, 6, 14, 15

No. 3

13.0

76 (9.9)

48 (6.2)

Figs. 7-13, 17-19, 21

No. 4

12.9

72 (9.3)

45 (5.8)

Figs. 23, 24

No. 5

12.8

79 (10.1)

52 (6.6)

Fig. 1

No. 6

12.2

79 (9.6)

54 (6.6)

No. 7

11.1

83 (9.2)

54 (6.1)

Rogue River ;

No. 8

9.3

82 (7.6)

43 (4.0)

Figs. 20, 22, 27

Eleven specimens, from some of which the animals were
taken for dissection, are in the collection of type material of
the California Academy of Sciences where they bear Nos. 1783-
1794. Others from the same lots have been deposited in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Like the shell, the body is broadly conical, with the apex
distinctly in front of the center and slightly to the left (fig.
2). The dorsal side of the cephalic end shows transverse
wrinkles between and around the bases of the broadly tri-
angular tentacles, just in front of which are the rather prom-
inent eyes. The male sex-opening is an inconspicuous orifice
at the bottom of a conical depression, just behind the posterior
end of the right tentacle (fig. 1). The roughly crescentic
ventral surface of the head is covered with coarse bosses; the

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX I45

T-shaped mouth is on a prominence a short distance in front
of the groove which borders the foot.

The foot is large and has a very thick, muscular sole, well
adapted for attachment to rocks in swift water. Its sides are
somewhat wrinkled, due to the retraction, but are otherwise
quite smooth and lightly pigmented. Its epidermis is a simple
columnar epithelium, while its interior contains a rather loose
network of interlacing muscle-fibers. Just above the sole
(F, fig. 11), the interspaces are filled with masses of mucous
cells, but above this denser zone is a much broader one with
numerous sinuses (S, fig. 11). The female sex-opening ap-
pears as a prominent longitudinal slit with thick lips, in the
upper portion of the right side of the foot, about Ys the body-
length from the anterior end of the animal (fig. 1).

When the shell is removed (fig. 2), the cut ends of the
columellar muscle-fibers appear as a white band which com-
pletely surrounds the visceral dome, except for a small gap
(sometimes closed dorsally) just above the lung. Immediately
behind this gap, a stout column of muscle (M, fig. 3) is sep-
arated from the remainder of the ring ventrally, but partially
fuses near the shell. All of the muscle-strands descend ventrad
from the shell (or scar) as a dense mass (M, fig. 11 ), to spread
out widely between the sinuses of the foot. This is a very dif-
ferent arrano^ement from the three columns of muscle in Hebe-
tancylus moricandi (von Ihering; 1891, Bull. Sci. France-
Belg. XXIII, fig. iv-8).

The visceral dome inside of this columellar ring is covered
by a very thin, darkly-pigmented, but slightly translucent
membrane, which practically consists of a single layer of flat-
tened cells; this is fused to the inside of the ring a short dis-
tance below the attachment of the latter to the shell. Outside
of the muscle-scar, the mantle forms a broad, continuous, jet-
black band, covered with concentric wrinkles (figs. 8-10), and
margined with white at its free border. This band is slightly
narrower on the left side (appears much more so in fig. 2, due
to the steeper slope of the left side) and is slightly notched at
the center of its anterior end. The epidermis of this black band
consists of simple columnar epithelium which is full of very
opaque pigment. The outer, white band develops higher, but

August 14, 1925

J46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

non-pigmented cells (figs. 8-10) ; below these, numerous neu-
rocytes suggest that this zone has a sensory function.

The thick, muscular, free mantle juts out some distance all
around the foot. Under its edge is a thickened fold (fig. 1),
which forms the special organ for aeration; this is heaviest just
behind the gap in the muscle-ring and decreases in prominence
in both directions until it is practically obsolete at the anterior
mantle-notch. The large sinuses in this fold (S, figs. 8-10)
are drained by two mantle veins which join, opposite the
muscle-gap, to form the principal pulmonary vessel or vena
cava. The common opening of the lung and hind-gut is a little
to the right of the posterior end in the very edge of the mantle
(A, figs. 1-3). The lower side of the free mantle is covered by
a simple columnar epithelium similar to that of the foot.
Although clumps of nerve cells are quite frequent in this vi-
cinity, I am unable to distinguish a definite "osphradium" in
any of my preparations, unless the plications of the cavity be-
hind the confluence of the lung and hind-gut (A, fig. 8) repre-
sent such a structure.

The lung is clearly vestigial and must play practically no
role in respiration. It is roughly comma-shaped (broken lines,
fig. 2), with the point of the comma at the confluence with the
hind-gut and the elongate dot across the front of the visceral
dome (Z, fig. 11), mainly behind the pericardium. Its lining
consists of a single layer of very flat cells (fig. 7) and does
not appear to be associated with any special blood-spaces. The
enormous pericardium (fig. 6) lies between the lung and the
anterior region of the muscle-ring (H, fig. 2). The renoperi-
cardial orifice (X, fig. 6) is opposite the middle of the ventricle
of the heart. The elongate kidney lies (K, fig. 2) above the
lung parallel to the pericardium. The lumen of the main por-
tion is rendered complexly sacculate (fig. 6) by cords and
trabeculse (K, fig. 11) of the same rather low, columnar cells
that form its lining; these partitions disappear as the kidney
passes gradually into the ureter (U, fig. 9), which is also sur-
rounded by similar epithelium. These renal epithelia (fig. 7)
are characterized by the peculiar position of the nuclei near the
luminal ends of the cells and by the rather large vacuoles
nearer their outer ends ; the tissue appears to have a marked

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX 147

affinity for the orange G but practically none for the red stain.
Inside of the mantle, the ureter (U) is about half as large as
and lies laterad to the lung (Z, fig. 10), into which it opens
(fig. 9) about 2 mm. above the confluence of the latter with the
hind-gut (fig. 8).

From the above, it will be seen that the pallial complex of
Lanx is Lymnaeid in its general plan, and has nothing in com-
mon with that of the Ancylidae; even the gill-like fold is of
quite different character from the pseudobranch of the latter
family. In comparison with Lymncea stagnalis^ and Lymncea
reflexa^, the reduction in size of the lung is not out of pro-
portion to that of the entire visceral mass. However,
the lack of venation and the confluence with the hind-gut
appear to indicate that the lung of Lanx plays a relatively un-
important part in the aeration of the blood. In addition, the
entire visceral dome and the pallial cavity appear to be twisted
posteriad and to the right, as if the spire had more than un-
coiled ; the position of the shell-apex slightly to the left and in
front of the center also seems to indicate a slight degree of
hyperstrophy. As will be described below, this torsion is ac-
companied by a peculiar dislocation of the visceral and abdomi-
nal ganglia (fig. 16).

Attention is also called to the fact that, in many features, the
arrangement of the pallial complex shows a remarkable paral-
lelism with that of the Veronicellidae*, in which group the
"lung" appears to have degenerated even more completely into
a sort of secondary ureter. Protancylns pileolus Sarasin" also
has a common opening for the lung and hind-gut, but this is
near the middle of the left side of the body; this last species
develops a left pseudobranch, quite like that of the Planorbidae
and Ancylidae, in addition to blood-sinuses in the right mantle**.

The thick-walled ventricle (fig. 6, 11) is very large, and
heart-shaped, with the point (aorta) towards the left side and
the emarginate border towards the right. The auricle is much
more slender and has very thin walls. The preservation of the

' Pilsbry; 1900, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, LII, fig. xvii-2.
8F. C. Baker; 1911, Chicago Acad. Sci., Sp. Publ. 3, pi. I.
<Sarasin; 1899, Land-Moll. Celebes, figs, xiv, 124-127 and Pelseneer,
ac. r. Belg. LIV, 21-26, figs, vi-49, 52-55.
'1898; Siissw.-Moll. Celebes, 86-88, pi. xiii.
•op. cit., figs. 170, 177.

148 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

specimens impedes a detailed study of the arterial system, but
the main aorta does curve ventrad, pass under the bursal sac
and bifurcate to form a cephalic aorta which goes first to the
gizzard, and a visceral (intestinal) aorta with large branches
to the genitalia and visceral mass. The pulmonary vein (vena
cava), which passes through the muscle gap, is formed by the
confluence of the two mantle veins and vessels from the sinuses
of the foot. The large "right" mantle vein drains the sinuses
of the posterior and sinistral portions of the gill-fold, while
the smaller "left" one comes from the limb along the anterior
portion of the right mantle edge.

This circulatory system appears quite like that of LymiKEa
emarginata mighelsi\ but the pulmonary network is practically
lacking and the mantle veins are correspondingly enlarged.
The enormous relative size of the heart in Lanx alta must
insure a rapid circulation of the blood, which would com-
pensate in part for the reduction in area of the aerating mem-
branes and the apparent dependence on dissolved oxygen.
However, it is just possible that the animal can breathe air, as
I found bubbles in the lung of one preserved specimen. The
pallial complex and mantle fold of the Rogue River form are
very similar to those of typical Lanx alta, but the lung and
ureter occupy a relatively larger portion of the free mantle
while the aerating sinuses are correspondingly smaller.

As already mentioned, the closed mouth (fig. 1) of Lanx is
T-shaped and opens on the ventral side. The cross-bar of the
T is reinforced dorsally by the principal jaw, while the lateral
sides of the longitudinal slit are strengthened by the two, so-
called accessory jaws. The last (fig. 24) are simply vaguely-
outlined thickenings of a general, "horny" stratum that covers
the margins of the mouth and is continuous with that of the
true jaw. This median jaw (fig. 24) is broadly crescentic
with the cutting margin slightly emarginate, either side of the
middle, so as to form a slight median projection. Its upper
side is finely striate at right angles to the cutting margin, while
its inner side is strengthened by a crescentic thickening which
runs parallel to the imbedded edge.

'F. C. Baker; 1900, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. 11, pi. vi.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX I49

The radular formula of Lanx alta is about 16-6-1-6-16; the
transverse rows are ahiiost straight in the central and lateral
fields, but are directed obliquely anteriad in the marginal
region. The small central (fig. 23) is asymmetrical and bi-
cuspid, with a stout, aculeate, major cusp and a left minor one.
The large 1st lateral has a small base and a large, squarish,
very thin, bicuspid reflection; the major cusp (mesocone) has
a low entoconal angulation and a higher one on the ectoconal
side. The ectocone itself is small, acuminate, and sometimes
slightly hooked. The other lateral teeth are slightly smaller
and the entoconal wing becomes higher until the 7th tooth is
distinctly tricuspid. The marginal teeth have very small bases
and elongate reflections; usually the 9th develops another en-
toconal notch which on the 10th separates a distinct cusp. The
remainder of the teeth are practically all 4-cusped, although
one or two of the minute outermost ones commonly develop
more points.

Through the generosity of Dr. Pilsbry, I have been able to
examine radulse mounted by him from Lanx subrotundata
(Tryon), L. patelloides (Lea), and L. (Walkcrola) klamathen-
sis Hannibal. A radula of L. subrotundata from Elkton, Ore-
gon (A.N.S.P. 78630) has very similar inner teeth to those of
L. alta, but all of the marginals could not be counted in the
specimen examined. The radular formula of specimens of
L. patelloides from Redding, California (A.N.S.P. 72741), is
about 12-6-1-6-12. The teeth in the three radulae examined
are all very similar to those of L. alta and have the same asym-
metrical, bicuspid centrals; while the occasional presence of
another minor cusp on the latter® would not be extraordinary,
I doubt whether the central is ever symmetrical. The radular
formula of L. (Walkerola) klamathensis from Upper Klamath
Lake, California (A.N.S.P. 113843), is about 15-6-1-6-15.
The teeth are very similar to those of L. alta, but the minor
cusp of the central is slightly reduced and the bases of the
laterals are a little larger in proportion to the reflection.
Walker's figure (1918, fig. 53) clearly shows these characters,
but the smaller number of teeth (12-5-1-5-12) suggests that
his radula is from a younger or smaller animal.

« Walker; 1918, Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Misc. Coll. 6, fig. 51.

August 14, 1925

J 50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

A radula of Lanx (Fisherola) lancides (Hannibal) from a
dried specimen (A.N.S.P. 113838), collected in the Snake
River at Lewiston, Idaho, by H. Hemphill (1911) shows a
quite different dentition. The radular formula is 28-8-1-8-28
and the rows are sha^jed somewhat as in L. alta. The minor
cusp of the asymmetrical, bicuspid central (fig. 25) is almost
obsolete. The laterals have much smaller reflections and the
mesocone and ectocone are connected by a thin shelf which
commonly develops two weak and extremely variable cusplets.
This shelf decreases in prominence on the outer laterals, while
the entoconal wing becomes higher, until the 9th tooth has only
one '.-estigial cusplet between the ectocone and mesocone but
shows a distinct entocone. Beyond the 9th, each marginal
has a rather short reflection which bears three cusps : a sub-
spatulate mesocone, a small, sharp entocone, and a larger,
pointed ectocone. One or two of the minute outermost teeth
often develop additional cusplets, but the tricuspid condition
is maintained with remarkable uniformity through most of the
marginal series. The median jaw (fig. 26) of this species is
much thinner and more elongate than that of L. alta; the
lateral thickenings show signs of their derivation from a plaited
condition.

Superficially, the buccal mass of Lanx alta (fig. 4) is a large,
ovoid body, from which the short, blunt radular pouch pro-
jects, slightly below the center of the posterior end. Several
minor protractor muscles are present, but long retractors ap-
pear to be lacking. The two, small, light-colored, amorphous,
salivary glands (S) are above the oesophagus but extend an-
teriad around both sides of the buccal mass ; their ducts enter
the substance of the mass and empty into the dorsum of the
pharynx, either side of the gullet. Histologically, they consist
of small alveoli composed of vacuolate cells, which are re-
markably similar in appearance to those of the mucous glands
of the foot.

The flattened ventral portion (B. fig. 22) of the buccal
cavity is roofed by the radular membrane (R), which curves
around the anterior end of the radular cartilage. The last is
a large, bilobed structure (C) with large spaces between the
anastamosing trabeculse of harder substance (fig. 27). Ven-

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX 151

trad and anteriad (R, fig. 22), it presents a smooth, even curve,
over which the radula is shghtly convex, while dorsad, it de-
velops a U-shaped grove (U), into which the radula is con-
cavely folded. This groove is continuous with the almost cylin-
drical radular pouch, which lies between the two, bluntly-
rounded, posterior horns of the cartilage. The pharynx (P)
is not separable from the buccal cavity ; both are lined by simple
columnar epithelium which is somewhat lower than that of the
epidermis. Under the radular membranes, this epithelium be-
comes still lower, so that it consists of a layer of practically
cuboid cells.

The oesophagus opens out of the dorsal side of the pharyn-
geal portion of the buccal cavity just opposite the anterior end
of the radular cartilage ; at first, it is enclosed in the walls of
the buccal mass above the radular pouch (G, fig. 22), but ap-
pears superficially (G, fig. 11) on the posterior end of the
mass. From here, it extends to the gizzard, which lies a little
behind and to the left of the center of the animal. No sharply
demarcated crop is present, but the posterior end of the gullet
is externally thrown up into longitudinal ridges and would
appear to be adapted for considerable distension. The rather
thin walls of the oesophagus are mainly composed of a layer
of very high, darkly-staining, columnar cells, which internally
form coarse, longitudinal folds that increase in prominence
towards the gizzard.

The entire stomach is obliquely tilted dorsad, with the
elongate, cone-shaped, thin-walled pylorus above and twisted
first to the right and then abruptly to the left. The gizzard is
bilobed as in Lymnsea®, has extremely thick, muscular walls,
and contains rounded bits of sand, diatom shells, pieces of tubu-
lar algae and much unidentifiable material. The upper end of
the pylorus receives two large ducts (L, figs. 4, 5) from the
anterior and posterior lobes of the liver. Its very tip, beyond
these ducts, is slightly separated by a weak constriction and
bears ventrally (posteriad) a small, ovoid diverticulum. (In
another specimen, this is considerably longer than in D, fig. 5),
This pouch is lined by high, columnar epithelium, very similar
to that of the pylorus and gizzard.

»F. C. Baker; 1900, figs, iv, C-E.

J 52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

From the stomach, the intestine (fig. 3) runs ahiiost to the
left side (where it appears on the dorsal surface of the visceral
mass), then bends across the anterior border of the liver (just
under the edge), loops through the posterior portion of this
digestive gland to return to the anterior border at the right
side, where it turns abruptly downward, and passes posteriad
along the left side of the lung to the posterior opening of the
common cavity (A, figs. 8, 9, 10). Like all of the digestive
tract, the intestine is lined by simple columnar epithelium ; this
is slightly lower in the first limb than in the fourth, but is low-
est in the fifth limb or hind-gut, which, however, has clumps
of higher cells that form the plicse. Besides the slender colum-
nar cells with dense, darkly-staining cytoplasm, there occur
larger, rounded goblet-cells with large vacuoles; in the hind-
gut (fig. 12), these are mainly restricted to the higher folds.
As already mentioned, the lung (Z, fig. 10) joins the hind-gut
(A) a short distance above the common opening; in this re-
gion, the cavity is enlarged, very coarsely plicate, and lined by
higher, columnar epithelium somewhat similar to that of the
epidermis.

The bilobed liver or pancreas forms an alveolate, lenticular
mass which almost covers the posterior M of the visceral mass.
The small anterior (L, fig. 3; morphologically right?) lobe
lies above the gizzard and between the first two limbs of the
intestine, while the much larger posterior (morphologically
left?) portion lies between the first, third and fourth limbs, ex-
tends slightly outside of the last and invades the base of the
free mantle (L, fig. 10) through the muscle-gap; this invasion
is greater in a Rogue River specimen and may be due in part
to the retraction of the animals studied. The large hepatic
alveoli are mainly composed (fig. 13) of very large columnar
cells (liver cells) with large vacuoles, around the small, sub-
basal nuclei, and more opaque globules in the cytoplasm near
the lumen of the gland. These principal cells are interspersed
with clumps of lower, more rounded cells (lime-cells) with
much larger nuclei and denser cytoplasm. These two types
stand out very distinctly in the stained sections as the liver cells
are colored yellow, while the lime cells are bright red.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX 153

The genitalia (fig. 14) are bulkier than all of the remainder
of the viscera taken together. The ovotestis is larger (T, fig.
3) than the liver, but is mainly imbedded beneath the latter.
It is also irregularly lens-shaped with an emarginate anterior
margin, is light yellow in color, and consists of complexly in-
tertwined series of cords with closely-packed alveoli, like ex-
cessively attenuate bunches of raisins^". These all lead into an
ovoid sac a little back of the center of the mass. All of the
individuals examined, regardless of their size (see above),
appear to be sexually mature; the spermatozoa are much more
conspicuous than the ova (note dates of collection).

The anterior portion of the ovisperm duct, just behind the
ovoid sac, is slender and naked, but the major portion is cov-
ered by a dense mass of large, very thin-walled alveoli, which
are closely packed into the right side of posterior end of the
ovotestis and actually appear on the dorsal surface of the vis-
ceral mass between the third and fourth limbs of the intestine
(D, fig. 3). The cavities of these sacs are crowded full of
spermatozoa and must act as seminal vesicles or reservoirs. In
the ovotestis, the sperm are grouped with their heads together
in disc-shaped masses, each of which lies against a large cell
somewhat similar to the Sertoli cells of vertebrates, but, in the
reservoirs, they are quite irregularly massed, although they
still tend to lie parallel to each other. The ovisperm duct itself
bifurcates on the surface of the carrefour; one twig goes to the
seminal duct while the other develops a small spherical body
(talon?) and enters the carrefour itself.

The oviduct may be divided into four regions : ( 1 ) the car-
refour" ; (2) the prebulbar oviduct; (3) the bulbous enlarge-
ment; and (4) the postbulbar or vaginal portion; in addition,
it develops two glandular diverticula : ( 1 ) the albumen gland ;
and (2) the oviducal diverticulum or "nidamental gland."
The carrefour or spermoviduct (uterus of authors) receives
the ovisperm duct and that of the albumen gland ; it is a nar-
row, transversely sacculate and complexly plicate tube which
lies between the head of the false prostate and the base of the
albumen gland. Its walls are almost entirely composed of a
simple epithelium which varies in height from the very slender,

"Cf. F. C. Baker; 1900, fig. iii-F.

" Lacaze-Duthiers; 1899, Arch. Zool. Exp. (3) VII, 110.

J54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

columnar cells of the plicae, to the almost cuboid ones of the
intermediate regions. The albumen gland is gray in color,
semicircular and considerably flattened; it lies under the ovo-
testis towards the left (right in a Rogue River specimen) side
of the floor of the haemocoele. The sections show it to be di-
vided into numerous alveoli which are lined by a single layer
of rather low, columnar cells that stain a bright red and are
superficially similar in appearance to those of the oviducal
bulb but contain much larger vacuoles and larger nuclei (fig.
21).

The oviducal diverticulum or "nidamental" gland (second
accessory albuminiparous gland of F. C. Baker, 1911) is an
ovoid body which opens at the junction of the carrefour and
prebulbar oviduct. Both in gross and histological structure,
this body looks like a small edition of the oviducal bulb; its
lumen is similarly reduced by numerous laminae, which are
composed of two layers of columnar cells that are stained a
brilliant red in the serial sections.

The prebulbar portion of the oviduct is a rather stout tube,
with a few, coarse, internal plicae. The simple columnar epi-
thelium which composes the main portion of its wall (fig. 20)
consists of remarkably large cells with small, basal or central
nuclei and numerous, clear vacuoles, which, under low magni-
fication, give this tissue the very distinctive appearance of deli-
cate lace-work. Outside of these gland-cells is a very thin
layer of squamous cells with scattered muscle-fibers.

The oviducal bulb or uterus is a pear-shaped enlargement
which is sharply demarcated from the preceding tube but
tapers rather gradually into the postbulbar portion. While
somewhat flattened, it does not show as prominent a longi-
tudinal groove as does the "first accessory albuminiparous
gland"^" in most species of Lymnaea. In Lanx alta, this groove
is actually a thin region of the wall (fig. 14-A) ; if the bulb is
split lengthwise along this line, the closely-packed, laminate
plications of the remainder of the wall can be spread out like
the leaves of a book and are seen to be oblique to the long axis
of the organ. These plicae consist of a double layer of the
simple columnar epithelium which lines the bulb ; the dense

"F. C. Baker; 1911, pi. x-xv.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX 155

cytoplasm of its large cells are stained a brilliant red in the
serial sections. This tissue must be very similar to that which
composes the folds of the "third division of the oviduct or
uterus"^^ in Lymncea ovata. Outside of the epithelium, the
walls develop a very thin layer of fibrous tissue and squamous
cells.

The postbulbar or vaginal portion of the oviduct is similar
in diameter to the prebulbar tube, although it is slightly en-
larged just above its confluence with the bursal stalk. Its thick
walls are largely composed of circular muscle, although vary-
ing amounts of longitudinal fibers are usually gathered into
two groups on opposite sides of the tube. The deeply plicate
lumen (fig. 14-B) is lined by a comparatively thin, rather
featureless, simple columnar epithelium.

The stalk of the bursa (spermatheca) is rather slender, al-
though very slightly enlarged near its base, and lies along the
dorsal side of the bulbar and postbulbar portions of the oviduct.
Its terminal sac, which is imbedded (B, figs. 3, 11) near the
left side of the hsemocoele, is roughly heart-shaped and very
large. In addition to the thin outer layer of fibrous cells, both
stalk and sac have a lining of very peculiar, simple columnar
epithelium, which is thrown up into weak plications (B, fig.
11). The cells of this tissue (fig. 18) are very slender; their
cytoplasm is dense and stains rather darkly, but the large, sub-
central nuclei are markedly vacuolate, so as to give to a tangen-
tial section somewhat the appearance of the cartilage of verte-
brates. The luminal ends of these cells are produced into an-
astamosing, ameboid masses from which separate roughly
globular pieces of what appears to be the cytoplasm of the cell
itself. The spacious lumen of the bursal sac contains many of
these corpuscular structures^* in a mass of granular material ;
this leads me to suspect that the bursa is actually a gland which
secretes some sort of thick, viscous material as an aid in copula-
tion. The vagina proper, beyond the confluence of the bursal
stalk and the oviduct, is very short, almost obsolete, but the
peculiar form and heavy walls of the postbulbar oviduct give
it much the appearance of the vagina of some of the terrestrial
pulmonates.

"J. Klotz; 1889, Jena. Zeitschr. Nat. XXJII, figs, ii-11, 17.
" C£. Lacaze-Duthiers; 1899, fig. iv-9.

J 55 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The very long and tortuous seminal duct can be divided into
six rather distinct regions: (1) the first or false prostate; (2)
the very short duct between the first and second prostates;
(3) the second or true prostate; and (4, 5, 6) the first free,
the imbedded, and the second free portions of the extremely
long vas deferens. Ventral to the carrefour, the first prostate
begins as a flattened, plicate, fan-shaped, blind sac ; the portion
below the entrance of the ovisperm duct forms an elongate,
flattened, irreg'ularly-lobed body which is folded into a com-
pact mass near the left side of the body below the oviduct.
(In a Rogue River si>ecinien, it is on the right side and the
blind end extends through the muscle-gap into the base of the
mantle.) Its flattened lumen (fig. 14-C) is much more spaci-
ous and its walls correspondingly thinner than those of the true
prostate. The columnar cells (fig. 19) which line the cavity
have small nuclei surrounded by large vacuoles which restrict
the cytoplasm to very thin trabeculae ; often the luminal ends of
several cells support a large bubble of transparent secretion.
Unlike the vacuolate cells of the albumen gland (fig. 21), these
on the male side are but slightly stained in the serial sections.
Like most parts of the reproductive system, the outside of the
organ is covered with a very thin layer of pigmented cells ;
these give the surface of this glandular sac an areolate ap-
pearance.

The second or true prostate is roughly tongue-shaped and
lies (P, fig. 3) just anterior to the oviducal bulb. It consists
of an enlargement of the seminal duct, lined by ciliated, cuboid
epithelium, and surrounded by closely-packed, radiating, tubu-
lar glands (fig. 14-D). Each of these secretory pouches is
made up of large rounded cells with their long axes parallel to
that of its very small central lumen, so that a transverse sec-
tion of a tubule shows five or six at one time. The nucleus of
each cell (fig. 17) is on the side opposite the lumen of its pouch
and the cytoplasm is crowded with rather large, quite dense
globules. The structure of this prostate must be quite similar
to that of Lymncua ovata, although the published figures'^ do
not show the lumina of the tubules or the cell boundaries.

"Klotz; 1899, figs, ii-12.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LA!^X I57

Below the prostate, the first free portion of the vas deferens
is rather stout and quite long; it is coiled near the right side
of the haemocoele, mainly anteriad to the oviduct and bursal
stalk. The imbedded section is somewhat narrower and
scarcely convoluted ; it passes out through the muscle-gap and
runs along the outside of the columellar muscle-ring (I, fig,
11) from the base of the oviduct to that of the penis. The
second free portion extends in a tortuous course through the
h?emocoele (H. fig. 3) over to the left side of the body and back
again to enter at the apex of the penis; although narrower
than the first free portion, the greater part of its length is
quite stout and thick-walled. The last few millimeters, which
are mainly coiled around the penis and under the anterior
pallial nerve, are considerably narrowed, so that their con-
voluted lumen is visible through the walls. The entire vas
deferens is lined by a single layer of ciliated, cuboid epithelium.
Outside of this is a thick envelope of circular muscle, usually
with two groups of longitudinal fibers on opposite sides but
rather close to the epithelial lining. I am unable to detect any
gland cells outside of the epithelium ; those figured from the
vas deferens of Lyinncua ovata^^ look very much like cross-
sections of longitudinal muscle but they are represented as
much larger than the circular fibers in the same figure.

The entire male copulatory organ, termed here the penis,
is very similar to that of LymncEa^'^ ; that is, it consists of an
elong-ate-ovoid, preputial portion (penis-sac) and a somewhat
constricted hyper phallus (penis, F. C. Baker) with a faint ter-
minal knob. The hyperphallus (fig. iii-15) or capsule of the
verge is not sharply demarcated externally from the remainder
of the penis and is about ^ the total length of the organ. Its
walls are rather thin and contain numerous sinuses which
give them somewhat the appearance of erectile tissue. The
hyperphallar lumen is almost completely filled by the elongate,
pointe, penial papilla or verge (glans or penis of authors),
which is probably the only portion that penetrates the vagina
of the female. The vas deferens, with its convoluted lumen,
enters the base of the verge ; the continuation of the sperm
canal, which extends to the very tip, is quite narrow and cir-

'SRlotz; 1889, fig. ii-14.

" F. C. Bater; 1911, pi. xxv.

I eg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

cularly plicate. This arrangement appears quite similar to
that in LymncBa ovata^^. The larger sac of the penis has rather
thick, solid, muscular walls, which internally develop trans-
verse plications and two large pilasters (fig. 14-E), that cer-
tainly resemble those of Lyuincsa auricularia^^. The penis is
lined by high, columnar epithelium which extends up into the
cavity of the hyperphallus.

The main body of the penis receives two branched muscles
on its anterior side and three on its posterior. A slip (cut in
fig. 14) from the upper of the anterior two, is attached to the
apex of the hyperphallus so that, in my retracted specimens,
this structure is bent back on the anterior side of the larger
sac of the penis. The posterior muscles extend to the base
of the thickened column of muscle behind the gap in the
columellar ring.

This origin of the hyperphallar retractor from an anterior
muscle appears to be quite different from the arrangement in
LymncBa^^, but it must be remembered that, in Lanx alta, all of
these muscle bands arise from some part of the columellar
muscle-ring. Otherwise, the genitalia are so similar to those
of Lymiicea that they might almost pass for those of a species
of that genus, although the enormous size of the ovotestis and
the seminal reservoirs would appear to be rather distinctive.

On account of the stiffness of the organs, which prevent
their safe manipulation without rupture, the study of the
nervous system from my material is especially difficult. The
general arrangement appears quite similar to that of Lymncsa
sfagnalis and L. pcregra-^ and to that of L. reHexa^', but the
ganglionic ring is concentrated along the long axis of the body
and stretched transversely to the right (fig. 16). This dextral
distortion, which especially affects the visceral-abdominal com-
plex, has already been correlated with the posterior position
of the common pulmonary and anal opening.

The cerebral commissure is rather long. Each cerebral
ganglion is roughly triangular, with enlargements (lobes) at
each corner. The nerves from the left one are: acoustic,

"Klotz; 1889, figs, ii-15, 16.

J»Hugo Eisig; 1869, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. XIX, figs, xxv-8, 9.

"T. C. Baker; 1911, pi. x-xv.

" Lacaze-Duthiers; 1872, Arch. Zool. Exp. I, pi. xvii.

"F. C. Baker; 1911, pi. v.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX ^59

optic (O, fig. 16), tentacular (T), superior frontolabial (L),
middle labials (C), nuchal (N) and the subcerebral commis-
sure (X; satellite of anterior labial artery). In addition, the
right one gives off the penial and hyperphallar (H) ; these
can be separated almost to their bases and appear to branch
off just below a special, ridge-like enlargement of the gang-
lion. The cerebrobuccal connectives are rather long, but loop
transversely so that the buccal ganglia are quite close to the
cerebral (moved away in my figure). These buccal or stoma-
togastric ganglia are relatively large and give off at least the
radular (R), deep pharyngeal, lateral pharyngeal and an-
terior pharyngeal branches; the last sends a twig (S) to the
salivary glands along their ducts.

The cerebropleural connectives are very short so that the
pleural ganglia are closely approximated to the cerebral. The
left pleurovisceral connective is relatively long but the right
visceral and pleural ganglia are in close juxtaposition. Each
visceral ganglion gives off an anterior (M) and a posterior
(P) pallial nerve; those of the right side are larger. The left
visceral is closely united to the abdominal ganglion, although
a distinct, stout connective is present between the latter and
the right visceral. The abdominal ganglion gives off the sub-
intestinal (G; genital), the aortic (A; anal), a root to the
right anterior pallial, and one or two minute nerves to the
body wall.

The cerebropedal and pleuropedal connectives are short and
stout, but the pedal commissure is a little longer. The pedal
ganglia are large and not greatly affected by the dextral dis-
tortion of the abdominal complex. Each gives off six sizable
branches: superior (K) and inferior (I) cervicals, superior
(D, anterior), central (E) and inferior (F, posterior) pedals
and a columellar (U). The otocysts are near the anterior ends
of the dorsal surfaces of the pedal ganglia.

The general shape and buried position of the eyes is quite
similar to that in Lymncua stagnalis^^, but a large sinus sur-
rounds the outer half of each; it forms a rather large cavity
between the thin corneal epithelium and the inconspicuous layer
of connective tissue which underlies the thickened epidermis.

»Simroth; 1876, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. XXVI, fig. xv-12.

i^Q CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

This sinus is so large and the overlying epidemiis and sub-
dermis so opaque (in preserved specimens) that a small,
rounded boss is the only superficial indication of the position
of each eye. The lens is large and the pigmented layer very
thick, especially at its inner end, but the outer fibrillar processes
of the retinal cells are poorly developed except in a little cup
directly behind the center of the lens. The optic nerve is
quite widely separated from the tentacular one.

In the posterior portion of each tentacle, the transverse sec-
tions show the presence of a small, sensory pocket, with a
groove which runs posteriad and ventrad from it. On the
ventral side of this pocket is a mass of ganglionic tissue. The
retracted condition of my specimens prevent the accurate de-
scription of the shape of this structure, as the deep folds of the
tentacle obscure its position. Mucous glands, similar to those
in the foot, are present in and around the base of the tentacles.
My failure to find a definitely localized osphradium or organ
of Lacaze-Duthiers has already been reported.

These anatomical data all substantiate Dr. Pilsbry's dem-
onstration that Lanx is a derivative of the Lymn^eidse and is
not closely related to the Ancylidse. As Dr. Pilsbry has often
pointed out, the terrestrial pulmonates appear to have a con-
stantly recurrent tendency to produce slug-like forms. A sim-
ilar propensity in the Basommatophora seems to lead towards
ancyliform shells and bodies. In the Lancidse, specialization of
the other organs has not gone so far as in the Ancylid deriv-
atives of the Planorbidse; in fact, it is very remarkable that
Lanx combines such profound changes of external form with
such trifling divergencies in the internal anatomy, especially
in that of the genital and digestive systems.

On the basis of much of the anatomy, Lanx could scarcely
be separated from the Lymnaeidae, but its peculiar modification
of the pallial complex appears to be sufficient grounds for the
retention of the Lancidje as a distinct family, with the follow-
ing definitive cliaracters :

1. The limpet-like shell and the reduction of the visceral
mass, especially at the expense of the digestive glands.

2, The almost complete ring of columellar muscle.

Vol. XIV] BAKER— ANATOMY OF LANX Jgl

3. The development of the mantle edg-e into a special organ
for aeration, with the coincident enlargement of the heart and
mantle veins.

4. The vestigial "lung" and its confluence with the hind-gut.

5. The distinctly posterior allocation of the common open-
ing of the lung and hind-gut, which appears to be correlated
with the distortion of the ganglionic ring in the same direction
and with the hyperstrophic position of the apex of the shell.

6. The enormous size of the ovotestis and seminal reser-
voirs.

7. The asymmetrical, bicuspid central and the squarish re-
flections of the laterals in the radula.

Description of Figures

All drawings are made with the aid of the camera lucida.
The histological figures represent somewhat idealized optical
sections ; the cells are oriented so that the lumen of the gland
or organ is towards the top of the plate.

1^2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 11

Scales represent lengths of five millimeters.

Fig. 1. Ventral view of retracted animal within outline of shell.
Common opening of the lung and hind-gut (A) and positions
of male and female sex openings indicated. Magnification the
same as in fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of animal after removal of shell. Visceral dome,
surrounded by columellar muscle-ring, represented as slightly-
more transparent than is actually the case. Broken lines give
outlines of lung, ureter and end of hind-gut.

A common opening of lung and hind-gut.

H auricle of heart (dotted outline).

K kidney (dotted outline).

U opening of ureter into lung.

Fig. 3. Dorsal view of visceral mass inside of columellar muscle-ring
(cut at anterior end), after removal of roofing membrane,
pallial complex and most of free mantle. Lines of demarca-
tion between anterior and posterior lobes of liver and be-
tween latter and ovotestis are accentuated. Broken lines
show course of hind-gut through free mantle. Scale is upper
one of the two.

A common opening of lung and hind-gut.

B bursal sac.

D seminal reservoirs of ovisperm duct.

H second free portion of vas deferens.

L anterior (smaller) lobe of liver.

M heaviest column of muscle-ring.

O oviducal bulb.

P second or true prostate.

T ovotestis (lighter than liver).

Fig. 4. Anterior portion of digestive system, removed and straightened
out. Buccal mass, salivary glands (S), oesophagus, gizzard
(bilobed), pylorus with ends of two hepatic ducts (L), and
beginning of intestine. Magnification practically the same as
in fig. 3.
Fig. 5. Left side of junction between pylorus (at left) and intestine (at
right). Magnification about that of fig. 6.

D pyloric diverticulum.

L cut end of left hepatic duct.

Fig. 6. Kidney and pericardium, dissected loose and turned back sharply
to right, so as to be viewed from ventral side. Ureter still
remains in normal position, as viewed dorsally. Scale is
placed under that of fig. 3.

X position of renopericardial orifice.

Fig. 7. Optical section across partition between ureter (above) and lung
(below) to show columnar epithelium of former and squam-
ous lining of latter. This is an enlargement of a small por-
tion of fig. 10. Magnification as in fig. 12.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 8 [ H. B. BAKER ] Plate 11

154 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 12

Scales of figs. 8 to 10 (under last) and 11 represent one millimeter;
those of figs. 12 and 13 (under former) fifty microns. Figs. 8 to 11,
although diagrammatic, are actual drawings of stained sections (animal
retracted). The following letters are the same in all figures:

A. . . .hind gut. M. . . .columellar muscle.

B. . . .bursal sac. O oviduct.

F foot (dense portion). P.... second prostate.

G oesophagus. S.... blood sinuses.

H. .. .ventricle of heart, pericardium. T. . . .ovotestis.

I imbedded portion of vas deferens. U .... Ureter.

K kidney. V. . . . free vas deferens.

L liver (in muscle gap). Z "lung" cavity.

Fig. 8. Transverse section through right free mantle at confluence of
hind-gut and "lung."

Fig. 9. Same at external ureteric opening.

Fig. 10. Same at muscle gap, near junction of ureter and kidney.

Fig. 11. Cross-section through entire animal. This section is not exactly
transverse, but passes more anteriad at the left side, so that
it cuts ventricle of heart (in pericardium) as well as anterior
region of kidney and "lung." Besides the structures labeled,
three more loops of free portions of vas deferens, as well as
all four regions of oviduct, are included. Also, tip of radular
pouch and of left horn of its cartilage appear below and to
left of oesophagus (G). All organs have shrunk slightly,
so hsemocoele appears extraordinarily spacious.

Fig. 12. Optical section through a fold of hind-gut; intestinal epithelium
(above) with two goblet-cells.

Fig. 13. Optical section of three "liver cells" and two "lime cells" of
hepatic alveolus.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 8 [ H. B. BAKER ] Plate 12

10

f -■■. *o-- ■,:.**..'■ ■■■■■■. ^- •

15

J^g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 13

Scale of fig. 14 represents length of five millimeters; that of fig. 16,

two millimeters; those of 17 to 20, fifty microns.

Fig. 14. Genitalia with male and female sex openings in usual relations,
but with organs straightened out and arranged so as to be
seen at best advantage. Hyperphallar retractor cut so as to
straighten out penis. Transverse sections cut with razor and
viewed by surface illumination. Scale of sections can be
judged by comparison with main figure.

A Transverse section through oviducal bulb.

B Through postbulbar (vaginal) portion of oviduct.

C Through first or false prostate.

D Through second or true prostate.

E Through larger sac of penis.

Fig. 15. Optical, sagittal section of hyperphallus, made from slightly flat-
tened mount in Farrant's medium.

Fig. 16. Ganglionic ring in natural position, except for slight anteriad
displacement of buccal ganglia; viewed from dorsal side.
Nerves labeled :

A aortic or anal (abdomi- L anterior frontolabial.

nal ganglion). M anterior pallial

C middle labial (cerebral (visceral gang.).

ganglion ) . N nuchal.

D superior pedal (pedal O.... optic.

ganglion). P posterior pallial.

E. .. .central pedal. R....radular (buccal
F. .. .inferior pedal. ganglion).

G subintestinal or genital. S salivary.

H hyperphallar and penial, T tentacular.

I inferior cervical. U. . . .columellar.

K superior cervical. X subcerebral commissure.

Fig. 17. Transverse optical section of a cell from tubule of second pros-
tate. Scale is upper one in lower left corner of plate.

Fig. 18. Three cells from epithelium of bursal sac. Magnification as in
fig. 12.

Fig. 19. Two cells from epithelial lining of first prostate. Magnification
as in fig. 12.

Fig. 20. Rogue River specimen; epithelial lining and outer layer (below)
of prebulbar region of oviduct. Scale is lower one of the
two.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series. Vol. XIV, No. 8 [ H. B. BAKER ] Plate 13

J^g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 14

Scale of fig. 22 represents length of one millimeter; those of 24 and 26,
one-half millimeter ; those of 23 and 25, fifty microns.

Fig. 21. Three cells from epithelium of albumen gland. Magnification as
in fig. ii-12.

Fig. 22. Rogue River specimen ; cross-section a short distance behind an-
terior end of buccal mass. The section is not quite transverse,
so that the radular cartilage is cut farther anteriad on the
right side.

B lower portion of buccal cavity.

C radular cartilage.

G oesophagus.

M posterior end of mouth.

P pharyngeal cavity.

R functional, anterior portion of radula.

U posterior, folded portion of radula.

W muscular walls of buccal mass.

Fig. 23. Central and 1st lateral of radula slightly separated but otherwise
in usual relations to each other; also 7th and 14th teeth (1st
and 8th marginals). The hair-line represents the shape of the
right half of a transverse row with positions of central, 7th
and 14th teeth and edge of radula marked.

Fig. 24. Median jaw with approximate outline of right accessory thicken-
ing.

Fig. 25. Lanx (Fisherola) lancides; radula from dried specimen, collected
in Snake River at Lewiston, Idaho, by H. Hemphill
(A. N. S. P. 113838). Central and 1st lateral in usual rela-
tions; also 9th and 17th teeth (1st and 9th marginals). On
account of the larger number of teeth in this species, these
examples are directly comparable to those figured for L. alta.
The hair-line represents shape of right half of transverse
row with positions of central, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th teeth
and edge of radula marked.

Fig. 26. Lanx (Fisherola) lancides; median jaw of specimen in fig. 25.

Fig. 27. Rogue River specimen; detail of radular cartilage. Magnification
as in fig. 12. Pigment granules near nuclei are very
characteristic.

PROC. CAL ACAD. SCI., 4th:Series, Vol. XIV, No. 8 [ H. B. BAKER ] Plate 14

21

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 9, pp. 171-173 August 14, 1925

EXPEDITION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

OF SCIENCES TO THE GULF OF

CALIFORNIA IN 1921

THE PHALANGIDA

BY

RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
Harvard University

Although I am assured by Joseph C. Chamberlin, who had
special charge of the collecting of the Arachnida, that special
efforts were made to find phalangids during the Expedition
of the California Academy of Sciences in 1921, none whatever
was found on the islands of the Gulf of California. Specimens
were secured, however, at three points on the adjacent main-
land, namely, at Puerto Escondido, Lower California, at No-
gales, Arizona, and at Guaymas, Sonora. The specimens se-
cured represent the two new species described below.

Phalangiid^

1. Liobunum escondidum Chamberlin, new species

Male : Dark reddish brown above ; a lighter band beginning anteriorly
at the stink-pore on each side and extending caudad and uniting with the
band of other side across posterior portion of abdomen, but the light
areas usually obscure posteriorly. Eye-tubercle light mesally, dark along

■No. 33 of the Gulf Expedition papers.

August 14, 1925

172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

ridges. Venter light brown. Coxae of legs without marks ; trochanters
ordinarily dusky or blackish at sides. Legs reddish brown, paler distally;
the patellae and the tibiae at distal ends blackish ; the femora also often
darker at proximal end. Chelicerae yellow throughout. Palpi light brown,
more yellowish distally.

Abdomen appearing blunt from above, the last segments being bent
down. Dorsum evenly granular throughout. Ventral surface of abdomen
wholly smooth.

Eye-tubercle smooth excepting for a few scattered spinous points on
the ridges.

Legs long. Coxae finely granular ; each with a series of crowded, narrow
tubercles or teeth both on anterior and on posterior margin, the seriate
tubercles from simple to trifid.

Femur of palpus about equal in length to the tarsus and to the tibia +
patella; strongly armed with spinous points beneath. Patella bearing
spinous points on all sides ; without an inner apophysis. Tibia with
spinous points which are more numerous beneath. Tarsus without spinous
points.

Length, 6.25 mm.; femur I, 11 mm.; femur H, 17 mm.; femur III, 11
mm.; femur IV, 15 mm.

Type: Male, No. 1642, Mas. Calif. Acad. Sci., and paratypes
in Mns. Calif. Acad. Sci. and M.C.Z., Puerto Escondido,
Lower Calif., taken June 14, 1921, by Joseph C. Chamberlin.
In all, four males were taken "along creek bed near fresh
water" at an elevation of 1600 ft.

2. Trachyrhinus sonoranus Chamberlin, new species

Male : Body above yellowish along the sides, the middle region brown-
ish, the color deepest in spots adjacent to the yellow on each side; brown
mottlings also on the sides; eye-tubercle on base of a dark brown or
blackish delta-shaped outline the anteriorly directed apex of which is
open or broken. Ventral surface in general clear yellow, but the coxae of
the legs spotted with brown at the sides and especially distally. Palpus
yellow excepting for a dark spot at distal end of femur and dark mark-
ings on patella and tibia. Chelicerae clear yellow. Legs in general brown,
the patellae sometimes nearly black, the legs lighter, yellowish distally, the
femora and tibiae often light at distal ends.

The body is flat and hard. Two sharply defined transverse sulci behind
the eye-tubercle separating off the abdomen. Surface of abdomen hard,
densely covered with contiguous pits or cup-like depressions ; posterior
segments I>cnt down ventrad so that the abdomen in dorsal view appears
almost truncate. Ventral surface more finely roughened than the dorsum.
Coxae densely granular and tubercular, the tubercles over distal portion in

Vol, XIV] CHAMBERLIN—1\HE PHALANGIDA IJl,

particular conical, but none of these in definite marginal series. Coxa II
much narrower than I and III below which it extends like a wedg-e.
Coxae in order of thickness, II, I, III, IV.

Eye-tubercle armed behind and in front, as well as above, with stout,
conical spines which form two irreg^Jlar rows, one adjacent to each eye,
thus leaving a median longitudinal space free from them.

Mandibles small, of ordinary form.

Palpus slender ; the femur about equal in length to tibia -[- patella.
Trochanter and femur with numerous spinous points below ; patella with
similar points especially laterally and above and on its inner side bearing
a short and rounded but distinct apophysis ; tibia a little more than twice
as long as thick, densely clothed on all sides with spinous points ; tarsus
with a few spinous points beneath.

Legs long. Trochanters strongly tuberculate. Other joints with longi-
tudinal rows of teeth which are weaker and finer on patellae, and tibiae.
Tibia II with six false joints.

Length, 7 mm.; femur I, 7 mm.; femur II, 13 mm.; femur III, 8 mm.;
femur IV, 9.5 mm. Length of leg IV, 39 mm.; of leg III, 29 mm.; of leg
II, 51 mm.; of leg I, 28 mm.

Type: Male, No. 1643, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Guaymas,
Sonora, April 15, 1921, J. C. Chamberlin, ''taken under a stone
in a patch of dry grass on ledge of cliff near summit (400
ft.)". Paratopes in Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. and M.C.Z., one
taken at Guaymas with holotype and six specimens taken by
E. P. Van Duzee at Nogales, Arizona, Apr. 4, 1921.

PROCEEDINGS

OK THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 10, pp. 175-183, text figs. 1-23 August 14, 1925

SCELLUS VIRAGO ALDRICH (A TWO- WINGED FLY)
AND TWO FORMS CLOSELY RELATED TO IT

BY

M. C. VAN DUZEE
Buffalo, N. Y.

In the two tables of species of the North American Scellus
published since 1907 the first couplet reads about as follows:

Third joint of antenna very long and pointed virago Aldrich

Third antennal joint very short 2

Below two more species are described with antennae formed
the same as in virago, and which would pass for that species if
no typical specimen of virago were at hand to compare them
with.

In 1915 I took a series of Scellus at Great Salt Lake, Utah,
which I determined as virago, and had no doubt of the de-
termination until 1923 when my brother sent me two speci-
mens taken in California, which I found very distinct from
those taken in Utah. In January, 1924, while at the National
Museum I looked up the type of virago and found both my
forms quite distinct from that species. I am redescribing
virago to cover the points in which the three forms differ and
giving full descriptions of the new forms. These three species
differ from all our other species in having the third antennal
joint very long and pointed. They have very long anal ap-
pendages issuing from between the fourth and fifth abdominal

Amgust 14, 1925

176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

segments ; these I am calling the outer appendages, although I
doubt whether they are morphologically the same as the outer
lamellae of other Dolichopodidae. Below these are two or three
pairs of appendages which I am calling the inner appendages.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for the loan of
one of the type specimens of virago from which to make the
drawings for this paper.

Table of the males o£ the virago group:

1. Middle tibia with long curled hair only near the tip (fig. 7)

virago Aldrich

Middle tibia with long curled hair on nearly their whole length
(figs. IS & 23) 2

2. Long anal appendages arising between fourth and fifth ab-

dominal segments nearly bare, except at tip (fig. 18)

varipennis, new species

Long anal appendages with long curled hair on apical two
thirds of one edge (fig. 8) crinipes, new species

Scellus virago Aldrich

Aldrich, Entomological News, Vol. xviii, p. 133, 1907; Greene, No.
2529, Procs. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 65, Art. 16, p. 3, original description
copied, figs. 8, 15, 19 and 28, 1924.

Male: Antennae much elongated, the joints being 8-3-25 twenty-fifths
of a millimeter long. Four black bristles and several long white hairs
above each anterior coxa ; fore coxae with a few small pale hairs on an-
terior surface and several black bristles, extending upward from the tip ;
middle trochanters with several small black hairs, hind ones with black
bristles ; fore femora with numerous bristles below, some of those near
the base being about as long as the thickness of the femora; middle
femora slender, somewhat arched, nearly bare below, but with a few
bristles on apical third of anterior surface, two bristles above and one or
two on ix)sterior surface, also a row of short, delicate hairs on the lower
surface ; posterior femora with two rows of hairs below, which are a
little longer than those on the sides, the hind femora a little more thick-
ened than the middle ones, but not as much so as the anterior pair ; fore
tibiae (figs. 5, 6) with hairs below on basal half and stout bristles on
apical half, these hairs not as long as the diameter of the tibia at base,
and the bristles scarcely as long as the thickness at point of insertion ;
on anterior surface, before apical fourth a moderately large, stout, curved
spine, shining black when viewed from below, but green and dull when
seen from above; the large projection below at tip shining black, with a
pair of little bristles at tip, several stout, very short, erect spines near
the tip on apical margin where there is also a number of long hairs or

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—SCELLUS VIRAGO ALDRICH lyj

bristles extending upward towards the tarsus ; on the inner margin a row
of short hairs, the upper portion of the end of the tibia rounded and
fringed with short, close-set, yellow hairs; middle tibiae (fig. 7) on the
lower surface of basal three-fourths with only straight or slighly bent
hair, on apical fourth a cluster of curled hairs, twice as long as diameter
of thickened end of tibia; below with two subapical bristles; anterior
surface with seven long bristles, nearly as long as second joint of middle
tarsi ; beyond these a pair of bristles a little shorter, one nearly above the
other, and at apical eighth another short bristle ; on upper surface near
basal fourth one pair of bristles and a single one at middle on posterior
edge ; posterior tibiae without bristles, but with a stripe of very short
yellow hair on upper posterior edge of apical fourth, widest apically;
these tibiae bent outward a little at tip when viewed from above; all tibiae
with more or less of apical portion of a beautiful blue ; rrtiddle basitarsus
(fig. 7) with several bristles, the two nearest base 2/5 of a millimeter
long; posterior basitarsus with two bristles above, one near the base and
one at basal third ; also a smaller bristle at apical third.

The anal appendage which issues from between the fourth and fifth
segments (fig. 1) is about 2.4 millimeters long, the apical portion spoon-
shaped, the narrow part whitish, black at base and fringed on one edge,
except at base, with pale hairs; the apical portion, or spoon (fig. 2) has
these pale hairs continued to tip, this fringed edge narrowly black and
with a stripe of curled hair on the inner edge of the black border; apical
margin to lower angle of tip very narrowly black; lower angle with a
cluster of spreading, whitish bristles ; two pairs of inner appendages visi-
ble, first pair (fig. 3) large, black and fringed with small hairs above;
second pair (fig. 4) smaller and black, tipped with two small stiff little
hairs.

Scellus crinipes M. C. Van Duzee, new species

Male : Length, exclusive of anal appendages, 5 mm. ; of wing 7 mm.
Face long, quite wide, covered with white pollen (not silvery) reaching
the lower corner of eye ; portion below suture longer than wide ; lower
edge rounded ; palpi and proboscis black, the former with white pollen ;
antennae elongated, black; first two joints taken together about equal to
lower portion of face, third joint equal to length of upper part of face;
joints of antennae 8-3-28 twenty-fifths of a millimeter long; arista nearly
apical, 8/25 of a millimeter long ; front black, with brown pollen in
central portion, that above antennae and on a narrow space along orbits,
whitish; upper orbital cilia formed of five black bristles on each side;
one pair of postverticals, and quite an abundant beard of long whitish
hair.

Dorsum of thorax opaque with a grayish brown pollen, which leaves
a narrow coppery line each side of acrostichal bristles, and a large space
of same color before scutellum; a broad, poorly defined, shining stripe

August 14, 1925

178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

on the sides of the dorsum v.-heii viewed from behind; bristles of thorax
inserted in dark brown dots ; pleurae more black, with white pollen ;
scutellum with one pair of bristles; propleura with three black bristles
and a few pale hairs above fore coxa ; abdomen short, bronze-colored,
with green and coppery reflections, dulled with white pollen ; each visible
segment with three shining black dots on lower part of sides ; hairs on
the abdomen small, pale ; hypopygium mostly concealed. There are anal
appendages projecting from between fourth and fifth segments on sides
of dorsum (fig. 8), long and narrow with a large spoon-shaped end, black
at base but otherwise mostly white; upper margin of spoon (fig. 9) nar-
rowly blackish, outer angles each with a small black spot ; on one edge
of narrow portion and extending onto the spoon is a fringe of quite
long pale hairs; at each outer angle of the spoon is a somewhat fan-shaped
cluster of hairs, which appear brown in certain lights; three pair of inner
appendages; the first (fig. 10) black, with a thorn-like projection on side
and fringed with small hairs; second (fig. 11) yellowish with a curved
thorn on side and with end enlarged; third pair (fig. 12) yellow, halter-
like.

All coxse black with white pollen ; anterior surface of fore coxae with a
few pale hairs and with a row of five, rather small, black bristles on
outer edge of apical half; middle and hind coxse with a few stiff black
hairs at tip; all femora and tibiae green; fore tibiae on most of apical two-
fifths black with some coppery reflections ; all tarsi black, sometimes more
or less greenish ; fore femora thickened, with numerous spines below,
those near the base nearly as long as thickness of femora at point of in-
sertion, those near tip short; anterior tibia (figures 13, 14) thickened and
bent; on anterior surface a little beyond middle a large, slightly bent
thorn ; about opposite this thorn on lower edge begins a row of large,
black, stubby bristles ; when viewed from tip along inner surface these
bristles bend inward and there are several bristles around the thorn that
bend towards those in lower row ; at tip is a large lobe extending down-
ward, which has a row of small hairs on edge nearest femora, two small
bristle-like hairs at tip, and delicate hairs on apical edge, where there are
also a few stubby spines near tip; on upper portion of end of tibia ate
some small yellow hairs ; middle femora long, not thickened, arched, with
a few short bristles, six on upper and four or five on lower anterior edge,
none as long as diameter of femora; middle tibiae (figs. 15, 16) with long,
black, curled hair on nearly their whole lower surface, these hairs a little
longer near tip; on upper posterior edge of middle half, is a row of eight
bristles scarcely as long as diameter of tibia at their insertion ; commenc-
ing on upper anterior edge a little beyond the middle is a row of long,
deep black bristles, this row slants downward and becomes a dense cluster
just beyond apical third; they are as long as the thickened end of tibia;
two moderately long bristles below and two above near apical end of
tibia; posterior femora and tibia long and rather slender, the former only
a little thicker than middle femora, and with a few short bristles, the
latter without bristles; all tarsi plain; first joint of fore tarsi with rather

Vol. XIV]

VAN DUZEE—SCELLUS VIRAGO ALDRICH

179

Explanation of Figures
Fig. 1, virago Aldrich, anal appendage. Fig. 2, virago, tip of anal ap-
pendage seen from the rear. Fig. 3, virago, first inner appendage of the
hypopygium. Fig. 4, virago, second inner appendage. Fig. 5, virago,
fore tibia, posterior view. Fig. 6, virago, tip of fore tibia, anterior view.
Fig. 7, virago, middle tibia and base of tarsi. Fig. 8, crinipes, new species,
anal appendage. Fig. 9, crinipes, tip of anal appendage seen from above.
Fig. 10, crinipes, first inner appendage of the hypopygium. Fig. 11,
crinipes, second inner appendage. Fig. 12, crinipes, third inner appendage.

jgQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

long, dense, delicate hairs below ; posterior basitarsus with several small
bristles on upper surface, two being slightly longer than diameter of
joint. Following are lengths of tibioe and tarsal joints in twenty-fifths of
a millimeter: fore tibia, 44; joints of fore tarsi, 42-29-19-11-8; middle
tibia, 84; joints of middle tarsi, 49-24-14-9-8; posterior tibia, 78; joints
of posterior tarsi, 57-35-19-12-8. Calypters whitish with a brown tip and
short white cilia. Halteres yellow.

Wings grayish on posterior half, tinged with brown from the costa to
back of third vein, in basal half of discal cell, extending back of fifth vein
and along fourth vein; a distinct brown spot on bend of last section of
fourth vein, and a double spot on the cross-vein ; costa as far as tip of
first vein yellowish, other veins brown, except at extreme base ; tips of
third and fourth veins close together; sixth vein reaching about half-way
to wing margin; cross vein 20, last section of fifth vein 12 twenty-fifths
of a millimeter long, the latter at nearly right-angles to wing margin ; the
former oblique, but not parallel with the wing margin.

Female: Length 4.5-6 mm.; of wing 6-7.2 mm. Color of all parts about
same as in male; face a little wider; joints of antennae 8-4-18 twenty-
fifths of a millimeter, arista 15/25; fore femora with spines below as in
male; anterior tibia thickened, with a small projection below at tip, which
has a fringe of stiff hairs on the edge nearest the femora; these tibiae with
several bristles on upper surface and two rows below, two or three of the
bristles in the lower anterior row being as long as thickness of tibia;
middle femora and tibiae nearly straight and plain with a few short scat-
tering bristles. Following is length of tibiae and tarsal joints in twenty-
fifths of a millimeter: fore tibia, 47; joints of fore tarsi, 35-25-17-11-7;
middle tibia, 86; joints of middle tarsi, 48-23-15-9-8; posterior tibia, 101;
joints of hind tarsi, 51-32-20-11-8. Wings about as in the male.

Described from five males and eight females ; one pair taken
at mouth of Bear River, Utah, July 2, 1916, by Dr. Alexander
Wetmore ; the others taken by me in the grass on the shore at
Saltair, Great Salt Lake, Utah, June 8, 1915. The type and
allotype are from among the latter specimens and are in the
author's collection. Paratypes in the California Academy of
Sciences and the U. S. National Museum.

Scellus varipennis Van Duzee, new species

Male : Length, without the anal appendages, 7 mm. ; with appendages,
9.5 mm.; length of wing, 8 mm. Face wide; palpi and face covered with
yellowish gray pollen ; front opaque with brown pollen, except a narrow
line of pale pollen along the orbits; antennae (fig. 17), black; length of
its joints in twenty-fifths of a millimeter are 10-4-28, and of arista, 8;
arista inserted close to the tip; upper part of the posterior orbits with six
large black bristles; one pair of postverticals ; beard abundant, long, white.

Vol. XIV] WAN DUZEE—SCELLUS VIRAGO ALDRICH

T

181

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 13, crinipes, fore tibia, seen from above. Fig. 14, crinipcs, fore tibia,
anterior view. Fig. 15, crinipes, middle tibia, upper anterior view. Fig.
16, crinipes, middle tibia, posterior view. Fig. 17, varipcnnis, new species,
antenna of male. Fig. 18, varipcnnis, anal appendage. Fig. 19, varipcnnis,
first inner appendage of the hypopygium. Fig. 20, varipcnnis, second inner
appendage. Fig. 21, varipcnnis, third inner appendage. Fig 22, vari-
pcnnis, fore tibia, anterior view. Fig. 23, varipcnnis, middle tibia and
base of tarsi.

2g2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY '^F SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Dorsum of thorax coppery, so thickly covered with grayish brown pollen
as almost to conceal the ground color, except on the posterior flattened
space before the scutellum, with a narrow dark line each side of the small
acrostichal bristles ; dorsocentrals small, except posterior two ; prothorax
with three large black bristles and several pale hairs above fore coxa;
scutellum more green than thorax and with one pair of marginal bristles;
dorsum of abdomen coppery, covered with white pollen on sides; each
segment with three black dots on lower edge of sides ; abdomen with six
visible segments on dorsal line ; the long anal appendages issue from be-
tween fourth and fifth segments, on sides of the dorsum (fig. 18), bend
near the base and from that point extend almost directly backward, base
black, middle portion white and most of the spoon-shaped end brown ; be-
fore base of spoon a yellowish horn and beyond this a pale appendage,
which seems to be formed of flattened bristles fused together at their base;
a large, more or less fan-shaped tuft of pale bristles at tip of spoon; upper
portion of hypopygium concealed within seventh segment of abdomen, up-
per part of posterior surface with a number of pale bristles extending back-
ward; three pair of inner appendages, the first (fig. 19) black, wide,
with two points, each tipped with a tuft of yellow hairs ; the fringe of
hairs on upper edge more grayish; second pair (fig. 20) yellow, quite
slender and bent, with a few short hairs near middle; third pair (fig.
21) black, elongate, rounded at tip, fringed with pale hairs, widely sep-
arated, being placed on each side near the venter of fifth segment.

Coxae black or slightly coppery ; anterior pair covered with dark gray
pollen on front surface, which has a few pale hairs and also a row of
very short black bristles on apical half ; middle coxae with black bristle-
like hairs at tip ; all trochanters with several small spines or bristles ; all
femora coppery, dulled with gray pollen, sometimes with green reflections
at base ; anterior pair much thickened at base, tapering to their tips, with
many stout bristles below, those at base long, the ones near tip very short ;
fore tibiae (fig. 22) 52 twenty-fifths of a millimeter long, stout, with a
large projection below at tip, metallic green, dulled with gray pollen,
tip black, this color extending as a stripe on posterior surface nearly to
middle, with a row of about six short, stout bristles extending basad from
the end of black stripe, but not reaching base; on lower anterior surface
with a row of larger bristles, which are as long as thickness of tibia, and ex-
tend along lower edge of projection at tip of tibia to its apex, those on
the projection shorter and spine-like; above tip of projection two of these
spines and a fringe of yellow hairs at tip of tibia. The thorn usually
found on anterior surface of tibia in this genus is represented by a
small, shining black, elevation on the surface near apical third, this with
the appearance of a black transverse line with two slight elevations, the
upper of which is only slightly raised above the surface; middle femora
long, bent, a little thickened in the middle, without any long bristles, their
hair black, except a row of short, very delicate pale ones on lower pos-
terior surface; middle tibia (fig. 23) green, dulled with gray pollen, with
coppery reflections on upper surface, except at tip; lower posterior sur-

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—SCELLUS VIRAGO ALDRICH lg3

face dark, shining green; tibise a little thickened and bent downward just
before tip ; below close to tip a pair of long curved thorns and a pair of
shorter bristles above near tip ; two long bristles on upper posterior sur-
face of basal half; on anterior surface is one long bristle near base above
and a row of three long ones beginning at middle; beyond these two
smaller ones, one below the other. The whole lower surface of these
tibice is covered with long, black, curled hair; many of these hairs, longer
than thickness of tibia; they are mostly of nearly equal length from base
to near tip, where they end abruptly, leaving tip of tibia bare; viewed from
above there is a dense bunch of very black, long, curled hair near tip on
posterior surface, these connected with those on lower surface; posterior
femora distinctly thickened, with three rather small bristles on upper
surface of apical third; near lower edge of anterior surface of basal half
is a row of black bristles, also another row of bristles on lower edge of
anterior surface of apical half ; posterior tibia 102 twenty-fifths of a
millimeter long and bent near apical third when seen from above; lower
surface hollowed out before tip, which projects a little downward at apex;
lower surface of apical third with a row of small black spines which end
before tip; on upper posterior surface a stripe of dense, very short, yellow
hairs, which reach from tip nearly to middle; first joint of anterior tarsi
with a dense fringe of short golden yellow hairs on whole of lower an-
terior surface, and a fringe of longer black hairs on lower posterior sur-
face, first joint of middle tarsi (fig. 23) with several long bristles at base
below, fully as long as curved thorns at tip of tibia; also several shorter
bristles beyond these ; hind tarsi with two or three bristles above, which
are as long as diameter of joint; length of joints of tarsi given below
in twenty-fifths of a millimeter; joints of fore tarsi, 37-28-20-14-11; of
middle ones, 56-25-18-11-10; joints of hind tarsi, 58-41-26-15-11. Calypters
and halteres yellow, the former with white cilia.

Wings tinged with brown, posterior margin and center of cells more
gray; a conspicuous whitish spot back of fifth vein near root of wing;
they have a dark brown spot on the bend of last section of fourth vein
and a double spot on the cross-vein ; sixth vein faint, not reaching wing
margin; last section of fifth vein 12, of cross-vein 23, twenty-fifths of a
millimeter long. Described from two males.

Type: Male, No. 1647, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
C. L. Fox, August 2, 1922, at Lake City, Modoc Co., Califor-
nia. Paratype, male, same data.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 11, pp. 185-215. August 14, 1925

XI

BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY

T. D. A. COCKERELL

University of Colorado \

1. Colletes myroni Cockerell

Female: San Francisco, California, April 30, 1911 (J. A.
Kusche). This is a surprising* record, as the species was de-
scribed from Colorado. The head and pleura have black hair,
while that on the thorax above is bright ferruginous.

2. Colletes slevini Cockerell, new species

Female: Length about 11 mm., anterior wing 7 mm.; black, the head
and thorax densely covered with clear tawny yellow hair, becoming
whitish on cheeks and thorax beneath, on dorsum of thorax rather short
but not moss-like, and without black hairs intermixed ; head broad, orbits
converging below ; malar space much broader than long ; mandibles
black; clypeus densely and coarsely striate-punctate, glistening; antennae
entirely black, flagellum short ; mesothorax smooth and shining on disc
posteriorly; base of metathorax transversely channelled, with plicae at
sides ; tegulae very dark brown ; wings hyaline, appearing milky ; stigma
small, dark brown; nervures black, second cubital cell very broad, receiv-l
ing recurrent nervure in middle ; legs with pale hair ; abdomen with the
first segment opaque except posteriorly, the punctures fine and weak ;
following segments more shining, all with apical yellow hair bands i^ale
and not very dense ; first segment with much yellowish hair at base, and

August 14, 1925

jg^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

long hairs overlapping the middle part. Basal nervure falling consid-
erably short of nervulus.

Easily known from such species as C. americana Cresson by
the dull, not polished, first abdominal segment. In this it
rather resembles C. andreivsi Ckll., but differs from it by
being considerably smaller and less robust, with very much
shorter wings.

Type: Female, No. 1648, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by L. S. Slevin, September 24, 1922, at Paraiso Springs,
Monterey County, California.

3. Colletes daleae Cockerell
Three females. La Paz, June 29 (Ferris).

4. Hylaeus conspicuus (Metz)

Males: Santa Clara County, California, July 1, 1916 (W.
M. Giffard). Compared with cotypes received from Metz.
Mokelumne Hill, California, September (Blaisdell),

5. Hylaeus asininus (Cockerell & Casad)

Males: Potholes, Imperial County, California, April 10,
1923 (Van Duzee).

6. Hylaeus giffardiellus Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 6.5 mm. ; black, with the face markings deep
chrome yellow and the wings fuliginous ; orbits little converging below,
face broad, entirely deep yellow (orange) below level of antennre ; supra-
clypeal mark much longer than broad, not notched above ; lateral marks
cut off mesad at about middle of supraclypeal mark, but extending as
bands up orbital margins, ending abruptly but not dilated (style of H.
citrinifrons Ckll.) ; labrum with a yellow spot and mandibles largely yel-
low; scape a little dilated, with a yellow stripe in front; flagellum bright
ferruginous beneath; front and mesothorax (except posteriorly) dull,
with very dense fine punctures ; scutellum shining, the strong punctures
distinctly separated; posterior face of metathorax dull, with a narrow
shining median groove; prothorax above (except middle) and tubercles
broadly yellow; tegulae with a yellow spot; anterior tibise in front, middle

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES Jg/

tibiae broadly at base and a mark at apex, and !)asal half of hind tibiae,
yellow ; basitarsi pale yellow, more or less dark at apex ; first recurrent
nervure reaching apical corner of first cubital cell ; abdomen strongly and
distinctly punctured ; first segment with a small fringe of white hair at
sides ; second and third segments swollen in middle so that their apices
appear depressed; hind margin of fourth and fifth segments faintly
reddish.

Allied to H. citrinifrons (Prosopis citrinifrons Ckll.), but
easily separated by the color of the antennas, the longer supra-
clypeal marks, and strongly punctured abdomen. The face is
much broader than in H. stevensi Crawford.

Type: Male, No. 1649, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
W. M. Giffard, May 24, 1917, in San Joaquin Co., California.
Paratype, one male, same data.

7. Parandrena concinnula Cockerell

Males from Whittier, Calif., Feb. 22, 1911, on flowers of
Rhus (P. H. Timberlake). This is the first exact locality for
the species.

8. Diandrena perchalybea (Viereck)

Females: Carmel, California, May 19 (Van Dyke). The
hair of the head and thorax above is conspicuously paler than
in a specimen from Washington State, whence the species was
described, but the difference cannot indicate another species.
The bees, like the birds and mammals, tend to melanism north-
ward in the Pacific coast region, but good series from many
localities will be required before we can fully elucidate the
phenomenon and clearly distinguish whatever local races may
exist. This work should of course be done by a resident of
one of the coast States.

A male from Mokelumne Hill, California (Blaisdell), is re-
ferred here, though the male of D. perchalybea has not been
described, and the reference should be confirmed by field ob-
servations. It is exceedingly like the males of D. nothocalaidis
Ckll. and D. cyanosoma Ckll, the abdomen being duller than
in the former, but more shining than in the latter. In all three

Jgg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

the face has long- white hair, black along the orbits. In D.
cyanosoma the area of metathorax is finely wrinkled or sub-
reticulate all over, with short transverse rugae on each side of
middle line; in D. nothocalaidis it is quite different, with fewer
rugae, and well separated longitudinal ones in the basal part.
In the) male supposed to belong to D. perchalybea, it is sculpn
tured practically as in D. nothocalaidis, but the posterior angle
of the enclosure is much wider. The flagellum is much redder
than in D. nothocalaidis.

The metathoracic sculpture of the male differs appreciably
from that of the female D. perchalybea, but the difference is
similar to that in the undoubted sexes of D. nothocalaidis.

9. Nomia melanderi Cockerell

Four males from Payette, Idaho, June 29, 1922 (Van
Dyke), and one from Los Banos, California, May 22, 1918
(Van Duzee), have black tegulae, and no green band on first
abdominal segment, and must be referred to A^. melanderi. The
abdominal bands are bluish green, and the antennae and struc-
ture of abdomen, etc., are as in A^. acus Cockerell, which is ap-
parently to be called A^. melanderi acus, being merely a slightly
modified southern race.

10. Nomia califomica Cockerell

Preston, Idaho, 19 females, July 17, 1922 (Van Duzee) ;
Logan, Utah, 4 females. July 18, 1922 (Van Duzee) ; Pot-
holes, Imperial Co., California, 1 female, April 11, 1923 (Van
Duzee). The Californian specimen has narrower bands than
the others. The Utah and Idaho records represent a great ex-
tension of range, but I cannot find any grounds for separating
them from A^. califomica.

11. Halictus pavonotus Cockerell, new species

Female (type) : Length 8 to 9 mm.; head, thorax and abdomen green,
legs and antennae black; hair of head and thorax abundant, rather long,
erect, fringed with ochreous, but practically white on cheeks and lower
part of thorax ; face broad, inner orbits curved, but eyes not distinctly

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES \^g

cmarginate ; clypeus prominent and produced, shining black, its upper part
green, the surface longitudinally grooved; mandibles slender, black, rufes-
cent at tip; supraclypeal area brassy; sides of face and front shining, but
middle of front dull; mesothorax peacock green (purple in specimen from
Golden Gate Park), dullish because very densely and finely punctured;
scutellum shining, well punctured, depressed in middle ; area of metathorax
broad, well-defined, obtusely pointed behind, entirely covered with fine
rugae, which at sides form delicate ribs ; sides of metathorax minutely
roughened and dull ; tegulje punctured, piceous with hyaline margins,
posteriorly with a red spot; wings hyaline, slightly brownish, stigma dull
amber, nervures dilute fuscous ; second cubital cell very broad, receiving
recurrent nervure considerably before its end ; third cubital subquadrate,
narrowed about a third above; basal nervure falling short of nervulus;
legs with abundant dull white hair, stained with red on outer side of
middle tibiae, a pale reddish tuft at end of hind basitarsi ; hind spur curved,
simple (wholly without spines) ; abdomen blue-green, shining, first seg-
ment highly polished ; bases of second and following segments broadly
covered with dull white tomentum, the apical portions also with appressed
white hairs, evident only in certain lights, the apical half of the abdomen
becoming very hairy ; basal part of second ventral segment black and very
finely cross-striate.

San Francisco, California, March 30, 1913 (Van Dyke),
March 30, 1919 (Van Duzee), and April 20, 1913 (Van
Dyke). Also one labelled "Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
April 21, 1912 (J. C. Thompson)."

Male : Length hardly 8 mm., more slender ; head and thorax with much
white hair, not tinged with ochreous ; clypeus green at base, rosy in
middle, black at apex, where it is strongly bigibbous; supraclypeal area
bluish green, shining; flagellum long, moniliform, dull red beneath; meso-
thorax and scutellum shining, but closely punctured ; wings clear ; tarsi
dark. Taken at San Francisco, October 29, 1911 (Van Dyke).

A completely isolated species in our fauna, having the ap-
pearance of the South American genus Pseudagapostemon
Schrottky, but differing in the simple hind spur of hind tibia.
There is a slight general reseinblance to H. aqiiilcB Ckll., from
New Mexico.

Type: Female, No. 1650, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. C. Van Dyke, March 30, 1913, at San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.

J90 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

12. Halictus ovaliceps Cockerell

Females : Meadow Valley, Plumas County, California, 3500-
4000 ft., June 5 (Van Dyke) ; Nanaimo, B. C, Biological Sta-
tion, June 23 (Van Duzee). The British Columbia specimen
has the flagellum almost entirely black and the first abdominal
seg^ient dark except the broad apical margin.

13. Halictus aspilurus Cockerell, new species

Female : Length 7 mm. ; anterior wing about 4.6 mm. ; head, thorax
and legs black; abdomen shining, very bright ferruginous; basal part of
first tergite infuscated, black at sides, other segments with dusky suf4
fused spots at extreme sides, the apex red without spots ; hair of head
and thorax very scanty, white, long and erect on mesopleura,' forming a
narrow, dense fringe along upper margin of prothorax and about tuber-
cles; mandibles with about the apical half dark red; head broad, about
circular seen from in front ; clypeus shining, very sparsely punctured ;
front dull, excessively closely and minutely punctured ; flagellum ob-
scurely reddened beneath toward end ; mesothorax and scutellum shining,
with very minute punctures, quite dense on mesothorax; area of metn-
thorax semilunar, microscopically reticulated ; posterior truncation shin-
ing; tegulse rufous with dark base; wings hyaline, faintly reddish; stigma
large, reddish sepia ; nervures rather pale brown ; first recurrent meeting
second intercubitus ; second cubital cell very broad below ; legs with
whitish hair ; hind spur pectinate ; abdomen without hair-bands.

Resembles H. ovaliceps, but easily known by the round head.
From H. arizonensis Crawford it is known by the character of
the pubescence and the entirely red apical part of abdomen.

Type: Female, No. 1651, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, May 22, 1920, at Pleyto, Monterey Co.,
California.

14. Halictus farinosus Smith

Female: Santa Monica, California (F. C. Clark). The
hind spur of the hind tibia is serrate; in the closely related
H. lerouxii Lep. it is dentate.

Female: Tuolumne County, California, June 16 (W. M.
Giffard).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 191

15. Halictus (Seladonia) catalinensis Cockercll

Female: Santa Cruz Island, California, May 16 (Van
Duzee). Described from Catalina Island.

16. Halictus vanduzeei Sandhouse & Cockerell

Two females. La Paz, June 29 (Ferris). These have the
face narrower than the type, but otherwise agree.

17. Agapostemon digueti Cockerell
Numerous males. La Paz, June 29 (Ferris).

18. Agapostemon texanus vandykei Cockerell, new subspecies

Female: Size of A. texanus, but yellowish green, with strong and
beautiful golden reflections on face and abdomen ; hair of head and
thorax pale ochreous ; wings dusky all over with a reddish tint. Less
conspicuous features are the broader face, more finely plicate area of
metathorax (with slight indications of a differentiated median space)
and more finely striate posterior truncation. It does not resemble A.
texanus iowensis Ckll., and compared with that form, the strise on
truncation of metathorax are much more nearly vertical (less trans-
verse). The area of metathorax is more like that of A. texayius subtilior
Ckll., but that form is quite differently colored. From A. borealis Craw-
ford, which is another segregate from A. texanus, the present form will
be known by the smaller size and golden (instead of bluish) reflections.

As the three specimens are alike, we doubtless have a dis-
tinct subspecies or race.

Type: Female, No. 1652, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. C. Van Dyke, June 25, 1921, in Yosemite Valley, Cali-
fornia. Paratypes, two females, same place, July 1, 1921.

19. Sphecodes arvensiformis Cockerell

Males: Lagoon, Utah, June 30 (Van Duzee) ; Sobre Vista,
Sonoma County, California, May 12 (J. A. Kusche). 5.
arvensiformis was described from the female. These entirely
black males are referred to it on the basis of probabilities, but
the reference should be confirmed by biological observations.

192 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

They very closely resemble the male of S. arvensis Patton, but
are distinctly larger, with darker wings, and more robust
flagellum. The Utah form differs from that of California by
the uniformly dusky wings, those of the latter being pale, with
the apical margin broadly dusky. In the California specimen
the first recurrent nervure meets the second intercubitus ; but
one Utah specimen has the second cubital cell rather broad,
with the recurrent nervure near its end, while the other has the
cell narrow, and the recurrent near the middle. I extracted the
genitalia from the California specimen and the Utah one with
broad second cubital, and do not see any material difference.
Females of ^. arvensiformis have the second cubital narrow.
As matters stand at present, it appears necessary to refer these
black males to 5*. arvensiformis, but future work may prove the
existence of more than one species of this alliance in the region
concerned.

20. Perdita pyrifera Cockerell, new species

Female : Length about 5.5 mm. ; head and thorax green, the meso-
thorax shining yellowish green, and very sparsely punctured ; wings
remarkably short, strongly dusky, stigma and nervures sepia brown ;
abdomen flattened, dullish, entirely light yellowish ferruginous except a
pair of suffused black spots on first segment, and a black line at each
extreme side of second ; the second and third segments may show suffused
and faint traces of transverse yellowish bands ; head ordinary, facial
quadrangle longer than broad ; no supraclypeal or dog-ear marks ; clypeus
shining black, sparsely punctured, with a very slender median pale line
(sometimes reduced to a dot) on upper part; labrum black, prominent,
concave in middle ; mandibles light yellow, black at end ; lateral face
marks large, very pale yellow, pear-shaped, the very acute upper end on
orbit at about level of antennae; flagellum pale yellowish beneath; front
dull ; cheeks unarmed ; tubercles and two marks on upper border of pro-
thorax light yellow; pleura shining; tegulse dark in front, very pale be-
hind ; second cubital cell very large, greatly narrowed above ; anterior
and middle femora robust ; legs black, or very dark brown ; anterior and
middle knees, and broad stripe down their tibiae in front, pale yellow.

Runs in my table next to the much smaller and quite differ-
ent P. chamcEsarachcc Ckll. Superficially, it resembles P. rufi-
cauda Ckll., but is easily separated by the jX)lished mesothorax,
and first recurrent nervure joining second cubital cell a short
distance from base, instead of meeting tlie intercubitus.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 193

Type: Female, No. 1653, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, May 22, 1920, at Pleyto, Monterey Co.,
California. Paratypes, two females, same data.

21. Perdita claypolei Cockerell

Female: Mt. San Antonio, California, 5000 ft., at flowers
of Eriogonum fasciciilatum, August 22 (Timberlake). The
head and thorax are yellowish green instead of blue-green as
they are in a cotype from Mt. Lowe.

22. Perdita exclamans imperialis Cockerell, new subspecies

Female: Lateral face-marks linear above, not reaching level of ocelli;
bands on abdominal segments narrower, those on second and third like
those on fourth and fifth. The hind margin even except for a broad
median notch, and the obhque extensions at extreme sides to edge of
abdomen ; yellow mark on lower part of cheeks reduced to a small spot.

Type: Female, No. 1654, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, April 8, 1923, at Potholes, Imperial Co.,
California, on mesquite. Typical exclamans Ckll. also visits
mesquite.

23. Perdita cleomellae Cockerell, new species

Female (type): Length about 4 mm.; head and thorax shining dark
green, with white or cream-colored markings, the mesothorax and scutel-
lum very highly polished ; head ordinary, cheeks unarmed ; labial palpi
with last three joints together shorter than first; labrum, mandibles (ex-
cept apically), clypeus, quadrate supraclypeal mark; and lateral marks
forming broad bands ending obliquely at level of antennae, white; cheeks
dark, with white hair ; no dog-ear marks ; scape creamy-white ; flagellum
dark, pallid beneath, and the tip pallid above ; collar and tubercles cream-
color ; tegulse hyaline with a white spot ; wings clear hyaline, stigma and
marginal cell margined with brown ; first four legs and hind femora
cream color, hind tibias and tarsi blackish, the tibiae pale at base ; abdomen
cream-color with four entire black bands ; apical plate red ; venter en-
tirely pale.

Male : Length a little over 3 mm. ; face polished, entirely creamy-white
below antennae, the lateral marks extending some distance up sides of
front, ending very obliquely ; flagellum light brown above, pale yellow
below ; hind tibiae pale yellow ; abdomen with five bands, but they are
more or less brown, especially the last two.

August 14, 1925

J94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Both sexes at flowers of Cleomella obtusifolia; Barstow,
California, September 12, 1924 (P. H. Timberlake). Numer-
ous specimens were taken on the flowers. The female comes
close to P. interserta Ckll., from Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia, but is easily separated by the small size and white mark-
ings. There is also some resemblance to the much larger P.
townsendi Ckll. The male shows some resemblance to P. ex-
damans atramentata Ckll, from Sonora. Two paratypes have
been deposited in the collection of the California Academy of
Sciences.

24. Perdita timberlakei Cockerell, new species

Female (type) : Length slightly over 4 mm. ; head and thorax shin-
ing dark blue-green, yellowish green or mesothorax ; head small, without
light markings, but mandibles ferruginous beyond base, scape pale yellow
in front, flagellum dusky reddish beneath; upper border of prothorax and
tubercles pale yellow ; tegulae hyaline, with a yellow spot ; wings hyaline,
stigma and marginal cell dusky-margined ; legs black, with the anterior
tibix very broadly light lemon-yellow in front, their tarsi pale reddish ;
middle tibiae with a yellow stripe ; abdomen black, with four lemon-
yellow bands, only the first reaching the lateral margins ; first segment
yellow at base, and this connected with a large discal more or less tri-
lobed yellow spot ; venter brown.

Male : Length about 3 mm. ; face below antennae, labrum and mandi-
bles, clear white, the lateral marks extending to a point about half way
up front ; scape robust, light yellow in front ; flagellum light yellow be-
neath ; yellow on upper border of prothorax reduced to a spot at each
corner; anterior and middle femora yellow beneath; first four tibiae
yellow, hind tibiae yellow in front; abdomen dark brown, with yellow
bands at bases of second and third segments, and vestiges of one on
fourth.

At flowers of an annual Eriogonum, Riverside, California,
September 24, 1924 (P. H. Timberlake). Runs in the tables
near to P. subfasciata Ckll. and P. punctifera Ckll., but is quite
distinct. It is not at all allied to P. ftorissantella Ckll., which
visits Eriogonum in Colorado. Two paratypes have been de-
posited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

25. Perdita vittata Cockerell
Two females, La Paz, June 29 (Ferris).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 195

26. Spinoliella peninsularis Cockerell
Very many specimens, both sexes, La Paz, June 29 (Ferris).

27. Spinoliella edwardsii (Cresson)

Male and female: Huntington Lake, California, 7000 ft.,
July 10 (Van Duzee). The female is of the form lateralis
(Cresson) ; male, Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, July (L. S.
Rosenbaum) ,

28. Spinoliella scutellaris (Fowler)

Both sexes; Salt Lake City, Utah, June 25 (Van Duzee) ;
male. Lagoon, Utah, June 30 (Van Duzee) ; females, Logan,
Utah, July 18, and Saltair, July 12 (Van Duzee). The male
is easily known by the abruptly dark apical part of the antennae.
The female was described by Fowler as Calliopsis visaliensis.
The type of 5. scutellaris was taken by Woodworth at Fresno,
that of visaliensis by the same collector at Visalia, both on
May 9.

It is now clear that 6', scutellaris peninsularis Ckll. is a dis-
tinct species, Spinoliella peninsularis. The male, collected by
Ferris at La Paz, June 29, has the flagellum white beneath to
the end.

29. Spinoliella anthidius (Fowler)

Male : Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., California, July
(F. C. Clark). Fowler's description is of the male, not female
as he has it. The abdominal bands, broadly interrupted sub-
laterally, are very distinctive. This species has previously been
known only from Fowler's type, collected by Woodworth at
Tulare.

30. Spinoliella triangulifera Cockerell, new species

Female: Length slightly over 7 mm.; black, with cream-colored sub-
equilateral triangular marks at lower corners of face, and large cream-
colored spots at sides of first four abdominal segments, those on first two
rounded, on the others transverse, pointed mesad ; hair of head and thorax

j^^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

quite long and abundant, grey, more brownish dorsally ; clypeus shining,
with irregular strong punctures, and a very inconspicuous median pale
line, not extending more than half way down ; flagellum obscurely reddish
beneath ; mesothorax highly polished, very sparsely punctured ; tegulse
black ; wings strongly greyish ; stigma and nervures dark brown ; abdomen
broad, shining.

Type: Female, No. 1655, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. C. Van Dyke, July 1, 1921, at Yosemite Valley, Cali-
fornia.

Closely allied to S. edivardsii yar, lateralis (Cress.), but
smaller, the wings not so strongly reddened, more greyish, and
the scutellum not excavated or depressed in middle. It is also
related to S. ohscurella (Cress.), but that species is larger,
with flagellum bright ferruginous beneath, and continuous
bands on abdomen.

31. Spinoliella equina Cockerell, new species

Female (type) : Length nearly 7 mm.; black, with cream-colored mark-
ings; hair of head and thorax dull whitish, dorsally becoming brownish;
eyes green; mandibles whitish at base, then red, apically black; labrum
black; clypeus light, with a large black horse-shoe shaped mark (the arms
ending on upper margin), from which there is a small projection on each
side, or rarely the middle of clypeus is entirely black, except a small pale
spot ; superaclypeal and dog-ear marks present ; lateral face marks very
broad triangles with base on orbit, the upper point acute, level with an-
tennje; flagellum rather dull red beneath, except at base; mesothorax shin-
ing, sparsely punctured ; post-scutellum and obscure spot on tubercles
cream-color ; tegulae piceous ; wings hyaline, very faintly dusky ; stigma
slender, very pale reddish, nervures brown ; anterior and middle knees, and
anterior tibiae in front, pale yellow; anterior tarsi red; abdomen with
cream-colored bands, interrupted on first two segments (very broadly on
second), notched or slightly interrupted on third, entire on fourth; all
these bands excavated sublaterally behind.

Male : Described by Swenk and Cockerell as the male of 6". Iicsperia,
but evidently belonging to the present species. 5". hesperia Swenk & Ckll.
must be restricted to the form described from the female, which has bright
yellow markings.

The female resembles S. anstralior Ckll., but that species
lacks the dog-ear marks (at each side of supraclypeal mark),
and has the postscutellum black. The face-marks of female
vS". equina resemble those of the much larger S. sehrata (Cress).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES \^'J

Type: Female, No. 1656, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, August 21, 1919, at Stockton, California.

The above species of Spinoliella may be separated by the
following key :

Lower side of flagellum with end broadly black or very dark, abrupt-
ly contrasting with the creamy-white before; males

scutellaris (Fowler)

Flagellum not thus colored 1

1. Clypeus entirely pale or with only a pair of black dots; males.. 2
Clypeus not, or not all, pale ; females 4

2. Large species, fully 10 mm. long; face light yellow

anthidius ( Fowler)

Much smaller species 3

3. Flagellum dark or reddish beneath edwardsii (Cresson)

Flagellum pale yellowish beneath equina Ckll.

4. No pale color at sides of clypeus, which has only a median pale

stripe 5

Sides of clypeus with large pale spots or all pale 6

5. Larger, wings reddish, scutellum excavated or depressed in

middle edwardsii lateralis (Cresson)

Smaller, wings greyish, scutellum not excavated or depressed in
middle triangiiUfera Ckll.

6. Lateral face marks short, or reduced to dots. scutellaris (Fowler)
Lateral face marks long, reaching to level of antennae above....

equina Ckll.

32. Calliopsis pugionis Cockerell, new species

Female : Length a little over 7.5 mm. ; black, with the anterior and
middle knees shining yellow, an interrupted yellow band on upper margin
of prothorax (but tubercles black), and lemon-yellow markings on face,
as follows: triangular supraclypeal mark (highly polished and im-
punctate), lateral corners of clypeus broadly, and upper and lateral mar-
gins narrowly, with a dagger-shaped median line from the upper margin,
hardly reaching half way to apex, and very broad lateral face-marks,
separated from clypeus at upper part, and ending acutely on orbital
margin above level of antennae; face very broad; eyes deep green; mandi-
bles red in middle ; flagellum bright ferruginous beneath ; hair of head
and thorax largely white, but dorsally pale fulvous, short on thorax above ;
mesothorax closely punctured; base of metathorax highly polished; tegulae
dark brown ; wings brownish, stigma and nervures brown ; abdomen shin-
ing, with four white hair-bands, that on first segment broadly interrupted
in middle; hind margins of segments rufescent; ventral segments with
transverse depressions, deep on second.

jQg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Nearest to E. coloradensis Cresson, but easily separated by
the color of the face-marks.

Type: Female, No. 1657, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, June 3, 1917, at Soboba Springs, River-
side Co., California.

33. Panurginus atriceps (Cresson)

Male: Carmel, Monterey County, California, March 25
(Van Duzee). Known by the entirely black face of the male,
and the first recurrent nervure meeting first intercubitus, or
even falling basad of it. It is related rather to P. albopilosus
(Lucas), of Spain and Algeria, than to the other N. American
species.

Females: Portland, Oregon, July 3 (W. M. Giffard).

34. Hesperapis pellucidus Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 7 mm. ; black, with abundant pure white hair ;
runs in my table and Crawford's to H. larrea Ckll., which it very closely
resembles, having the same size and appearance, clear wings, and long
white hair covering clypeus. It differs thus : flagellum black, with at most
a very obscure reddish tint beneath ; mesothorax more distinctly punc-
tured ; extreme base of metathoracic area dull and granular ; first recur-
rent nervure nearer base of second cubital cell, and much nearer to base
than second to apex ; basal nervure not so remote from nervulus ; hind
margins of abdominal segments with broad dense pure white bands of
tomentum. The insect has the aspect of a small Colletes.

Numerous males from San Francisco, California, April 20-
June 6 (E. P. Van Duzee and F. E. Blaisdell). There is a
rather close general resemblance to H. leucura Ckll., from
Lower California.

Type: Male, No. 1658, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, June 6, 1920, at San Francisco, California.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES I99

35. Halictoides davidsoni Cockerell

Many males from Huntington Lake, Fresno County, Cali-
fornia, 7000 ft., July 4 to 28 (E. P. Van Duzee and F. C.
Clark), and one from Cascada, Fresno County, 6000 ft., July
29 (Van Duzee). There are also two females from Hunting-
ton Lake, July 8 (Van Duzee). The female runs in my table
(Entom. News, 1916, p. 62) to the same place as H. mulleri
Ckll., but is readily known from that species by the absence of
the broad bands of dull white tomentum at bases of abdominal
segments, though there is a very slender band at base of fourth
segment, only visible when the segment is much exserted.
Other features are the greenish, highly polished and strongly
punctured mesothorax, the long, black hair on clypeus, and the
flagellum only very obscurely reddish beneath.

36. Halictoides (Cryptohalictoides) spiniferus (Viereck)

Males from Huntington Lake, Fresno County, California,
July 9 to 28 (E. P. Van Duzee and F. C. Clark). Described
from Nevada; Miss Stinchfield (now Mrs. Ferris) informed
me that the female had been taken at Gem Lake, Calif.

37. Halictoides virgatus Cockerell
Male: Bradley, California, April 27 (Van Duzee).

38. Halictoides mulleri Cockerell

Male : Pyramid Park, El Dorado County, California, 8000
ft., August 8 (Van Dyke). In this specimen the scape is un-
usually stout.

39. Halictoides holocyaneus Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 9 mm. ; head, thorax and abdomen steel blue, the
region below the ocelli yellowish green, and the abdomen greenish; legs
also more or less metallic; hair of head and thorax abundant, dull white,
with some dark hair at sides of face, and long dense pure white hair on
clypeus; head broad, facial quadrangle broader than long; mandibles
ferruginous at apex; lower part of front excavated in middle; antennae

200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

very long, dark, the flagellar joints modose, and obscurely reddish beneath
between the modes ; mesothorax shining, finely but not densely punctured ;
scutellum highly polished, hardly punctured in middle ; base of meta-
thorax roughened ; tegulae piceous ; wings smoky hyaline, stigma and
nervures reddish brown, the color dull ; first recurrent nervure as far from
base of second cubital cell as second from apex ; legs with dull whitish
hair, not greatly modified ; middle femora stout ; hind femora very stout,
claviform ; hind trochanters spined ; hind tibiae very robust ; abdomen
without hair bands, but with thin white hair on first three segments, and
black beyond; fifth ventral segment with a cuneiform red area in middle.

Easily known by the blue color and relatively unmodified
legs. It is much larger than A'', viridcsccns Crawford, from
California.

Type: Male, No. 1659, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. C. Van Dyke, July 8, 1922, at Baker, Oregon. Paratype,
one male, same data.

40. Halictoides spilurus Cockerell, new species

Female : Length about 7 mm. ; head and thorax dark green ; clypeus,
antennae and legs black ; abdomen rufof ulvous, the first segment black
except apical margin, second black at sides, and sufFusedly blackened in
middle, third laterally very broadly black, but both second and third have
broad depressed hyaline margins beyond the black, fourth and fifth with
narrower black bands laterally, the black in all cases strongest along the
hind margins of the elevated part of the segment, giving the eflfect of
broad oblique stripes or bands ; head, thorax and legs with long erect
white hair, but much black on upper part of clypeus and scape, and on
thorax above the hair is slightl}' yellowish ; the hair is very long and
spreading on hind tibiae ; head transversely oval, facial quadrangle much
broader than long ; mandibles obscurely reddish apically ; clypeus trans-
verse, shining, strongly but not very densely punctured ; front and vertex
granular ; mesothorax shining, with close small punctures ; scutellum
polished, not so distinctly punctured; area of metathorax transversely
broadly and deeply hollowed, channel-like, finely striate ; tegulse piceous,
very dark; wings greyish hyaline, stigma and nervures dark brown; first
recurrent nervure nearer to base of second cubital cell than second to
apex ; legs ordinary, spurs ferruginous ; first abdominal segment polished,
with very weak punctures; rest of abdomen shining, but less brilliant;
apical tuft red; fourth ventral segment with a broad transverse depression.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 201

Very distinct by the color and markings of the abdomen.

Type: Female, No. 1660, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, July 12, 1919, at Huntington Lake,
Fresno Co., California, at 7000 ft. Paratypes, two females,
same place, July 22, 1919.

41. Pseudomelecta calif ornica (Cresson)
Oracle, Arizona, July 24 (J. O. Martin).

42. Ericrocis arizonensis Baker

Oracle, Arizona, July 24, 1924, at sunflower (Van Duzee).
Oracle is the type locality, the original specimens having been
collected there by Osier.

43. Triepeolus verbesinae (Cockerell)

Both sexes: Oracle, Arizona, July 24 (Van Duzee). One
male is from sunflower.

44. Triepeolus pacis Cockerell, new species

Male: Length about 8.3 mm.; black, with the ornaments of head and
thorax above very pale ochreous, of pleura, coxae and face (which is
densely covered with hair), white; scape black, very obscurely reddish at
apex ; flagellum bright ferruginous at extreme base (with a black mark
on inner side), otherwise black; eyes dark grey; tegulae bright ferrugi-
nous ; wings dusky hyaline, nervures and stigma piceous ; legs bright
ferruginous, hind tibise suffused with dusky on outer side, but there cov-
ered with appressed white hair; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi light
orange ; hind spurs black or nearly so ; apical plate of abdomen dark
brown, long and nearly parallel-sided. Labrum dusky in middle, ferrugi-
nous at sides ; mandibles red in middle ; mesothorax with a pair of rather
short stripes, reaching anterior margin, but not connected with marginal
band, which only goes to anterior corners; scutellum strongly bigibbous ;
axillae prominent ; upper part of mesopleura with a broad transverse band
of dense white hair, below this the surface is thinly hairy, the very dense
punctures with shining margins visible ; abdominal bands even and entire,
except that the light hair at base of first segment is interrupted ; black
area on first segment a very broad band, ending very obliquely at sides ;
lateral corners of black on second segment rounded, not sharply acute;
venter with much pure white hair, the outstanding fringe pale yellowish.

202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Related to T. blaisdelli Ckll. & Sandh., to which it runs in
my recent table, but easily separated by the dark scape and
flaggellum, the area of metathorax bare except at sides, the
larger and darker stigma, etc. From T. mensce Ckll. it is easily
known by the color of flagellum, etc. The transverse band on
first abdominal segment is much broader than in T. norco Ckll.

Type: Male, No. 1661, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
G. F. Ferris, June 29, 1919, at La Paz, Lower California.

45. Oreopasites vanduzeei, Cockerell, new species

Female : Length a little over 5 mm., with broad convex abdomen ; head
and thorax black, with white hair, shining silvery on face, sides of
thorax and metathorax, thin on thorax above, not hiding surface ; ab-
domen entirely clear ferruginous, with thin pure white hair-bands more
or less developed at sides of segments; legs ferruginous, with the an-
terior femora darkened above, and the hind spurs dark ; labrum, mandi-
bles and lower edge of clypeus dusky red, the labrum elongated, broadly
rounded at end ; antennae ferruginous beneath ; tegulae dusky red ; wings
hyaline, faintly dusky. I have not ventured to extract the mouth parts
from the unique specimen, but they are extruded, and the labial palpi
measure about as follows in microns: first joint 575, second 350, third
and fourth each 50; the maxillary palpi clearly show five joints. I can-
not demonstrate the basal tubercle-like joint which should be present.
The marginal cell is considerably shorter than in O. scituli Ckll., and the
mesothorax is strongly and densely punctured. The basal portions of
the abdominal tergites are finely and densely punctured.

The only species previously known, 0. scituli^ was found to
be parasitic on Spinoliella in Colorado. The new species was
taken at the same locality, on the same day, as a quantity of
Spinoliella equina, and with little doubt is parasitic in the nests
of that bee.

Type: Female, No. 1662, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, August 21, 1919, at Stockton, California.

46. Exomalopsis pulchella arida Cockerell

A very long series, including both sexes, indicates that what
1 recorded as E. siniilis is, as I then suspected, only a variety
of pulchella. Both pulchella and siniilis were described from
Cuba, and presumably represent the variation of the species in

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 203

that island. The form from Lower California appears to be
a distinct race for which the above name is available. Most of
the sj?€cimens in the series now before me distinctly belong to
arida as originally defined, but some have the hair of hind tarsi
pale ferruginous, lacking the blackish or grayish color. La
Paz, June 29 (Ferris),

47. Exomalopsis (Anthophorula) chionura Cockerell,

new species

Female (type) : Similar to E. chlorina Ckll. (from New Mexico), but
eyes not or not distinctly green ; stigma dark brown ; mesothorax polished,
without evident punctures (distinctly punctured in chlorina) ; white bands
on second and third abdominal segments broader laterally. It is also very
close to E. texana Friese, differing by the dark tegulae (clear red in
texana), dark stigma (pale amber in texana) and pure white (instead of
creamy) hair on abdomen.

Male : Similar in most respects, but with narrower face ; the clypcus
(except two spots), labrum and basal part of mandibles pale yellow;
flagellum long, dull ferruginous beneath. Compared with the male of
E. coquilletti (Ashmead), it is readily separated by the shorter flagellum,
and pure white hair on abdomen. The male of E. chlorina is unknown.

I hesitated whether to call this a distinct species, or a race
of E. chlorina, but it seems best to regard it as a species, on
account of the difference in the sculpture of the mesothorax.
Presumably the closely related species of this group have dif-
ferent flower-visiting habits. E. chlorina is known to visit
Sphacralcea (Malvaceae).

Type: Female, No. 1663, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, August 19, 1919, at Stockton, California.
Paratypes, four females, one male, same data.

48. Diadasia nigrifrons epileuca Cockerell, new variety

Female : Length about 8 mm., anterior wing 7.5 ; antennae entirely
black; pale hair of thorax above and of occiput, clear white, not ochreous ;
light hair of abdomen confined to first segment, the other segments with
very little hair.

Type: Female, No. 1664, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, July 25, 1918, at Sisson, Siskiyou Co.,
California.

204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The forms assigned to D. nigrifrons are not all alike, the
known females being separable thus :

Flagellum subtestaceous beneath; hair of thorax above and occiput
pale ochreous ; abdomen with pale hair only on first segment

nigifrons ( Cr . ) proper.

Antennse entirely black 1

1. Length about 8 mm.; hair of thorax above and occiput white;

abdomen with pale hair only on first segment

var. epilenca Ckll.

Length 10.5 mm. ; hair of thorax above, and occiput ochreous ;

abdomen with pale hair on first two segments

var. nerea (Fowler)

Whether these differences indicate well-defined races, or
merely individual variation, is not at present known.

49. Diadasia australis (Cresson)

One male, San Antonio District, Lower California, July 12
(Ferris).

50. Megachile pugnata pomonae Cockerell

Female: Huntington Lake, Fresno, California, 7000 ft.,
July 30 (VanDuzee).

5L Megachile wootoni calogaster Cockerell

Female: Huntington Lake, Fresno County, California,
7000 ft., July 16 (Van Duzee).

52. Megachile fidelis Cresson

Female: Kings River Caiion, Fresno County, California,
July 6 (Van Dyke).

53. Megachile perihirta Cockerell

Ryer Island, Solano County, California, June 16 (F. H.
Wymore). Three females reared from the nest, sent by Prof.
E. O. Essig. The female of this species was described as M.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 205

grindeliarum Ckll. Compared with Colorado specimens, the
Californian bees differ a Httle in being distinctly less shining
(especially on the abdomen) and by having the eyes (in dry
condition) dark brown.

54. Megachile vandykei Cockerell, new species

Female: Length 13 mm., width of abdomen 5 mm.; entirely black,
with entirely black coarse pubescence, very abundant on face and thorax
above, thin on upper side of abdomen, which is of the short broad type;
mandibles broad, quadridentate ; clypeus transverse, convex, extremely
densely rugosopuncjate, with a polished shining spot at middle of upper
edge, and a median band in which the surface is shining between the
punctures, lower margin thickened, slightly emarginate in middle ; cheeks
broad and rounded ; mesothorax with disc polished, with scattered rather
small punctures; scutellum closely and finely punctured; area of meta-
thorax short, dull, the metathorax beyond somewhat shining; tegulae
black, finely punctured ; wings dilute brownish, nervures piceous ; basal
nervure meeting nervulus ; hind basitarsi broad ; abdomen shining, with
scattered very fine punctures ; ventral scopa entirely black.

Resembles M. morio Smith, but smaller. I have seen the
type of M. morio in the British Museum ; it is said to be from
the "United States," but presumably came from Florida. There
is a series of superficially similar black Megachile species in
Peru. This is another melanic bee from Meadow Valley !

Type: Female, No. 1665, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. C. Van Dyke, June 21, 1924, at Meadow Valley, Plumas
Co., California, 5000-6000 ft.

Chelostomopsis Cockerell, new genus

Small bees allied to Chelostoma, but labial palpi four jointed, with
two outstanding small joints; maxillary palpi three-jointed; lower margin
of clypeus v/ith a long median process, obtuse or truncate at end, parallel-
sided ; basin of first abdominal segment rather small, with a distinct rim;
first recurrent nervure joining second cubital cell some distance beyond
base. Type Chelostomopsis rubifloris (Chelynia rubifloris Cockerell).

True Chelostoma has only one outstanding small joint to
labial palpi. This is also true of the subgenus Gyrodroma
Thomson, type nigriconiis Nylander. I designate nigricornis
as the type of Gyrodroma. because of the confusion concerning

206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Thomson's other species, which he called florisomnis, whereas
it was really campanularum.

Formicapis of Sladen has a process on clypeus, but it is
broad-conical, and the position of the first recurrent nervure is
quite different. The marginal cell of Formicapis is more nar-
rowed apically.

In addition to the type species, the new genus includes
Chelostomopsis australis (Chclostoma australis Cockerell).
Only the female is known.

55. Chelostomopsis rubifloris edwardsii (Cockerell)

Female: Yorkville, Mendocino County, California, May 1
(Van Duzee). Typical C. rubifloris is from Seattle.

56. Chelostomopsis australis nanus Cockerell, new subspecies

Female: Length 6.5-7 mm. (typical australis about 9 mm.); wings
distinctly dusky; area of metathorax polished and shining; red on second
abdominal segment greatly reduced or wanting.

The type of C. australis was from near Los Angeles; the
present form seems to be only a subspecies. The first recurrent
nervure is much more remote from the base of second cubital
cell than the second from apex of that cell. This is not the
case with Cephalapis jacintana, which might perhaps be con-
fused with it on account of the red at sides of base of abdomen.

Type: Female, No. 1666, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by F. C. Clark, August, 1913, in Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Co., California. Paratype, one female, same data.

57. Cephalapis jacintana (Cockerell)
Male: Bryson, California, May 18 (E. P. Van Duzee).

58. Ashmeadiella howardi Cockerell

Male: Bryson, Monterey County, California, May 18 (Van
Duzee).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 2ff7

59. Ashmeadiella crassa Cockerell

Female: Mokelumne Hill, California, September 6 (Blais-
dell). This is a larger, robust form, which may prove separ-
able when the male is known. I have found quite parallel
supposed variation in A. meliloti Ckll., but here also I am not
without misgivings concerning the specific identity of the large
and small forms.

60. Chelynia rubi (Cockerell)

Melanostelis betheli Ashmead is a synonym; Melanostelis
may be regarded as a subgenus. Both sexes from Fallen Leaf
Lake, California, June 26-July 26 (Van Dyke) ; Yosemite
Valley, California, male May 15, female June 23 (Van Dyke) ;
female, Meadow Valley, Plumas County, 3500-4000 ft., June 1
(Van Dyke). The original type female, from Seattle, has the
light bands on first two abdominal segments very narrowly in-
terrupted; they are not at all interrupted in the Californian
specimens.

The male is only 6 to 7 mm. long, and has pure white hair
on face, and much white hair on thorax; hair of pleura clear
white.

6L Chelynia franciscana Cockerell, new species

Female : Length about 8 mm. ; head and thorax green, abdomen blue-
green, almost a peacock blue, the hind margins of the segments not purple;
pubescence black; scape metallic; flagellum black, very faintly reddish
beneath ; mesothorax yellowish-green, shining, with coarse punctures ;
pleura blue-green, densely punctured; base of metathorax rugose; tegulse
green ; wings strongly dusky ; legs blue-green ; middle tibiae bidentate at
end; abdomen polished, brilliant, the depressed hind margins of the seg-
ments much more finely and closely punctured than the part before ; apical
tergite not modified.

Allied to C. pavonina Ckll., but readily separated by the
polished abdomen, with the hind margins of the segments not
purple.

208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Type: Female, No. 1667, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, June 6, 1920, at San Francisco, California.

62. Chelynia chlorocyanea Cockerell, new species

Female : Length about 8 mm. ; with deep rich peacock blues and greens,
the head deep blue, becoming green between antennae, mesothorax and
scutellum blue suffused with green, pleura dark purple-blue, abdomen with
first segment steel blue, the others green with hind margins of segments
purple-blue, becoming black at edge; pubescence black, dense on face;
scape dark blue ; flagellum brownish beneath ; mesothorax coarsely and
closely punctured, the anterior middle prominent and shining ; scutellum
closely punctured ; tegulae blue, closely punctured ; wings dusky ; legs
purple-blue ; abdomen shining, but closely punctured, so that the whole
surface appears roughened; in lateral view the hind margins of the ventral
segments appear pale ; last tergite not modified.

Close to C. pavonina Ckll., and perhaps only a variety or
race, distinguished by the color of the thorax. C. pavonina
occurs in Colorado.

Type: Female, No. 1668, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by F. E. Blaisdell, in April, at Mokelumne Hill, California.

63. Chelynia leucctricha Cockerell, new species

Female (type) : Length 7.5 to 9 mm.; head, thorax, abdomen and legs
brilliant blue, suffused with greenish on clypeus, middle of front, and
mesothorax ; hair of head and thorax clear white, with black hairs
sparsely intermixed, the white hair of face conspicuous; clypeus dull;
scape blue, flagellum very obscurely brownish beneath ; mesothorax with
very large punctures, but shining between the punctures, which are not
very dense on disc; scutellum shining, with large punctures; tegulse blue-
green ; wings dilute fuliginous ; abdomen shining but roughened, the hind
margin of the first segment brilliant purple, of the others decreasingly
purplish ; hind margins of ventral segments appearing white in lateral
view.

Male: Length 7 mm.; differing in the usual sexual characters.

Both sexes. Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., California,
August 1913 (F. C. Clark). Huntington Lake, California
(type locality), female, July 4, 1919, 7000 ft. (E. P. Van
Duzee) ; Fallen Leaf Lake, July 14, 1915 (Van Dyke).

V^OL. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 209

Related to C. pavonina, but easily known by the white hair
on face.

Type: Female, No. 1669, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. P. Van Duzee, July 4, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California.

64. Chelynia fragariella Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 6 mm. ; not very robust, dark blue, the metathorax
and region of ocelli greenish ; abdominal markings cream color, consisting
of bands across the first three segments, and a pair of short stripes on
fourth ; band on third segment narrowly interrupted, that on second con-
stricted, all three bands shallowly emarginate sublaterally behind ; head
and thorax with outstanding white hair; scape slightly metallic, flagellum
dark; mesothorax densely punctured; area of metathorax shining; tegulae
dark reddish, narrowly metallic in front ; wings brownish hyaline ; basal
nervure going basad of nervulus ; small joints of tarsi somewhat reddish;
abdomen shining.

Related to C. elegans (Cresson), but much smaller, and dif-
ferently colored.

Type: Male, No. 1670, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. C. Van Dyke, August 5, 1912, at Strawberry Valley, El
Dorado Co., California.

65. Chelynia holocyanea Cockerell, new species

Female : Length slightly over 6 mm. ; bright steel blue throughout, shin-
ing; first three abdominal segments with narrow widely interrupted dull
white bands, the third reduced to a pair of short transverse stripes, at
least as far apart as the length of either; hair of head and thorax thin,
mixed black and white; middle of face greenish; clypeus densely punc-
tured ; flagellum obscure brown beneath ; mesothorax polished, with well
separated punctures; area of metathorax shining; tegulae blue, with a
dark red spot behind ; wings dilute fuliginous ; abdomen shining ; apex
with black hair.

Related to C. subcceriilea (Cresson), but much smaller, and
with fewer markings on abdomen. It is also much more
brightly colored.

21Q CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Type: Female, No. 1671, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by F. E. Blaisdell, July 12, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California, at 7000 ft.

66. Chelynia nitidula Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 6.5 mm. ; rich deep blue, with cream-colored bands
on first four abdominal segments, and a pair of transverse marks close
together on fifth ; the band on first segment is constricted in middle, the
others narrowly interrupted, and all are very shallowly excavated poster-
iorly on each side; hair of head and thorax white, mixed with black, en-
tirely black on mesopleura; flagellum black; disc of mesothorax shining,
with well separated punctures; area of metathorax shining; tegulse very
dark, submetallic ; wings dilute fuliginous ; abdomen shining. There is
long black hair on the scutellum.

Related to C. subccentlca (Cress.) and C. pulchra (Craw-
ford). From the former it is separated by the small size and
large amount of white hair on thorax above, as well as the rich
blue color. It is much smaller than C. pulchra, which occurs
in the Rocky Mountain Region.

Type: Male, No. 1672, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, May 19, 1920, at Bryson, Monterey Co.,
California.

67. Chelynia subglauca Cockerell, new species

Male: Length about 6 mm.; similar to C. nitidula, but differing thus:
head and pleura very dark blue, thorax above very dark green, abdomen
almost black, but with a bluish tint, the second band not interrupted ; hair
of face, cheeks and pleura black, but of mesothorax entirely white; mar-
ginal cell broader in proportion to its length.

Probably a melanic race of C. nitidula, and also very close
to C. suhccenilca.

Type: Male, No. 1673, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. C. Van Dyke, July 25, 1920, at Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier,
Washington.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 21 1

The above species of Chelynia may be separated thus :

Black, with white bands on abdomen rubi Ckll.

Blue or green 1

1. Abdomen without tegumentary bands 2

Abdomen with whitish tegumentary bands 4

2. Hair of face light; end of abdomen obtuse (males) or acute

(females) leucotricha Ckll.

Hair of face entirely black ; females 3

3. Abdomen more shining; head and thorax green. franciscana Ckll.
Abdomen less shining, more punctured; head purple blue

chlorocyanea Ckll.

4. Mesothorax densely punctured; hair of pleura pure white

fragariella Ckll.

Mesothorax shining, not densely punctured on disc 5

5. Hair of mesopleura white; white marks only on first three ab-

dominal segments ; female holocyanea Qcll.

Hair of mesopleura black or dark grey; white marks or bands
on five segments ; males 6

6. Mesothorax bright steel blue nitidula Ckll.

Mesothorax dark green subglauca Ckll.

Subsequent work may show that some of these represent
varieties or races rather than species, but at present no inter-
mediates are known.

68. Stelis laticincta Cresson

Cascada, Fresno County, California, 6000 ft., July 29, 1
male, 1 female (Van Duzee) ; Cazadero, September 2, male
(Van Duzee); Stockton, August 21, male (Van Duzee).
Cresson described the female; I described the male in 1904.
The species is very variable in the male, in the width of the
bands along anterior orbits, the amount of yellow on the
pleura, and the presence or absence of yellow on the sixth ab-
dominal tergite. It seems probable that there are two or three
separable races, but more material is needed to demonstrate
this.

Mr. W. M. Giffard collected in Santa Clara County, Cali-
fornia, July 16, a female S. laticincta agreeing with Cresson's
description in having the clypeus black with a yellow spot on

212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

each side. A female from Cazadero, California, has the clypeus
yellow with the upper margin broadly black.

69. Stelis sexmaculata Ashmead

Male: Blue Lakes, Lake County, California, May 16 (Van
Duzee). The specimen has eight spots on the abdomen, as is
frequently the case.

70. Stelis carnifex Cockerell

Female: S. Sonoma County, California, June 26 (Kusche) ;
compared with the cotype from Nevada, the face is wider and
the head more densely punctured.

Male : Phillips Station, Placer County, California, July 24
(Blaisdell).

This species, as now understood, appears to be very variable.
Additional material may show that it should be divided.

71. Stelis montana Cresson

Both sexes, Oregon, the male Warner Mts., Lake County,
June 19 (Van Dyke) ; the female Wallowa Mts., Baker County,
July 6 (Van Dyke) ; female, Park City, Utah, July 3 (Van
Duzee).

72. Stelis callura Cockerell, new species

Male : Length 9 mm. ; very robust, dark rich purple, including legs,
greenish in middle of face, particularly supraclypeal area, flushed with
greenish on mesothorax and scutellum, middle of postscutellum entirely
green; pubescence entirely black; facial quadrangle much longer than
broad, clypeus excessively densely punctured; scape green, flagellum black;
mesothorax densely punctured, but shining between the punctures on disc ;
tegulge largely metallic, strongly punctured ; wings hyaline, more or less
stained with brown along the veins, which are black; second recurrent
going well beyond end of second cubital cell ; abdomen with very rich
purple (rosy-purple) suflfusion.

Related to ^. carnifex Ckll., but much larger than the male
of that species, and with paler wings.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 213

Type: Male, No. 1674, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, June 24, 1922, in Parley Canon, Salt Lake
City, Utah.

73. Stelis fremonti Cockerell, new species

Females: Length fully 10 mm.; similar to S. montana, but larger and
more robust; mesothorax dull and more densely punctured; first recur-
rent nervure joining second cubital cell at a distance fully equal to half
length of intercubitus ; face strongly suffused with purple; abdomen rich
deep indigo blue, very densely punctured.

Perhaps a race of 5. montana, but apparently distinct.

Type: Female, No. 1675, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by E. C. Van Dyke, June 18, 1922, in Fremont National Forest,
Klamath Co., Oregon, at 5000 ft.

The above species of Stelis may be separated thus :

Blue or green, with no marks on abdomen, and with black hair on

face 1

Without metallic colors 6

1. Small, about 7 mm. long ; males 2

Larger, 9 mm. or over 3

2. Abdomen shining, not very densely punctured; mesothorax olive

green montana Cresson

Abdomen very densely punctured; mesothorax h\\ic.carnifex Ckll.

3. Abdomen shining green ; females montana Cresson

Abdomen blue or purple, less shining 4

4. Abdomen deep purple ; wings nearly clear callura Ckll.

Abdomen rich blue ; wings dilute fuliginous 5

5. Larger ; mesothorax dull and more densely punctured

fremonti Ckll.

Smaller ; mesothorax less densely punctured ; female

carnifex Ckll.

6. Abdomen black, with greenish-white lateral spots

sexmaculata Ashm.

Abdomen with entire deep yellow bands laticincta Cress.

Ail except the two last belong to the subgenus Pavostelis
Sladen.

214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

74. Xylocopa varipuncta Patton

Both sexes; Soboba Springs, Riverside County, June 3
(Van Duzee).

75. Xylocopa orpifex Smith

Mt. St. Helena, Napa County, CaHfornia, June 9 (Van
Duzee) ; S. Sonoma County., male April 6, female July 10
(J. A. Kusche) ; Yosemite Valley, June (Van Dyke) ; Laurel
Dell, Lake County, August 2 (Van Duzee).

76. Xylocopa virginica (Drury)
Plummers L, Md., May 25 (Blaisdell).

77. Xylocopa californica Cresson

Yosemite Valley, June 10 (Van Dyke) ; Carrville, Trinity
County, California, June 29 (Van Dyke).

78. Xylocopa arizonensis Cresson
Fort Bliss, Texas, May 1 (J. L Carlson).

79. Bombus sonorus Say

One from La Paz, June 29 (Ferris). Also taken by the
Academy Expedition at La Paz, June 28; Tiburon Island,
(Academy Expedition), July 4 (Van Duzee) ; Sierra Laguna,
5400 feet, August 15.

80. Ceratina tejonensis Cresson

Male : Yorkville, Mendocino County, California, May
1 (Van Duzee). The apex of the abdomen presents an obtuse
median projection, after the style of the much smaller C.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—BEES 215

nanula Ckll., whereas according to H. S. Smith's key it should
be more after the style of C. dupla Say. However, the speci-
men agrees with Cresson's description, and I think it is refer-
able to his species.

Female: Shasta County, Calif., June 26 (J. A. Kusche).
Known from C. paciiica H. S. Smith by the entirely green
tubercles and absence of a large impunctate area on pleura.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 12, pp. 217-275, text figs. 1-2, plates 15-19, September 5. 1925

XII

EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO,

IN 1922

GENERAL REPORT

BY

G. DALLAS HANNA
Cifrafor, Department of Paleontology

Introduction

At the Berkeley meeting of the Pacific Division of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1921
there was appointed a "Committee on the Conservation of
Marine Life of the Pacific," Dr. Barton Warren Evermann,
Chairman.^ The first task which the Committee undertook

' The full membership of the committee was as follows when the expedition was
organized:

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Chair-
man, California Academy of Sciences,
San Francisco, Calif.

Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Secretary, Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, San Fran-
cisco, Calif.

W. E. Allen, Scripps Institution for
Biological Research, La Jolla, Calif.

A. W. Anthony, Museum, San Diego So-
ciety of Natural History, San Diego,
Calif.

Professor Wm. A. Bryan, Museum of
History, Science and Art, Los Angeles,
Calif.

Dr. Harold C. Bryant, Museum of Ver-
tebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.

Professor John N. Cobb, College of Fish-
eries, University of Washington, Seat-
tle, Wash.

Capt. W. C. Crandall, Scripps Institu-
tion for Biological Research, La Jolla,
Calif.

Dr. C. McLean Eraser, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C.

Dr. Harold Heath, Stanford University,
Calif.

Dr Wm. E. Hitter, Scripps Institution
for Biological Research, La Jolla, Calif.

Norman B. Scofield, California Fish and
Game Commission, San Francisco, Calif.

Alvin Seale, Steinhart Aquarium of the
California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco, Calif.

Professor Edwin C. Starks, Stanford
University, Calif.

Dr. F. B. Sumner, Scripps Institution
for Biological Research, La Jolla, Calif.

Dr. Walter P. Taylor, IJ. S. Bureau of
Biological Survey, care Scripps Institu-
tion for Biological Research, La Jolla,
Calif.

Will F. Thompson, California Fish and
Game Commission, San Pedro, Calif.

September 5, 1925

2jg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

was the making of recommendations to the proper authorities
for the conservation of certain of the marine mammals of that
ocean. In the case of a few species, such as the Alaska fur
seal, there existed sufficient authoritative information in gov-
ernmental reports to enable the advocation of certain measures
which, it was believed, would aid materially in bringing them
back to their former abundance and commercial importance.

But with other species practically nothing was known of
their present status or condition ; indeed, the very existence of
some of them was in doubt. The Committee at once proceeded
to devise means whereby this deficiency could be filled in order
that definite facts might be available for it to use in urging
measures of protection. This absence of late information was
notably true in respect to the Guadalupe elephant seal, Guada-
lupe fur seal and southern sea otter, all of which once existed
in great abundance along the shores of California and Lower
California. The latest data in respect to them had been secured
many years ago and was not sufficiently recent, it appeared,
to warrant an active campaign for the preservation of the
species.

Therefore, through the activities of the Committee, an expe-
dition was dispatched from San Diego, California, on July 9,
1922, to the islands off the west coast of Lower California
for the primary purpose of securing information in regard to
the three above-mentioned species of sea mammals. The fol-
lowing institutions actively cooperated in the enterprise :

National Government of Mexico,
California Academy of Sciences,
San Diego Society of Natural History,
Scripps Institution for Biological Research,
National Geographic Society.

The Government of Mexico provided the Fisheries Patrol
Boat Tccate for the work and met all expenses while the party
was in the field ; and that country was represented by the fol-
lowing official personnel : Professor Carlos Cuesta-Terron,
Curator of Fishes and Reptiles of the National Museum of
Mexico, in charge of the expedition ; Professor Jose M. Gal-
legos. Explorer of the National Museum of Mexico; Sr.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 219

Joaquin Palacios, Inspector of Lighthouses ; Sr. Rudolpho
Lascano, Assistant Inspector of Lighthouses ; Sr. Enrique
Gonzales. Insi)ector of Fisheries ; and Sr. Luis Rubio, Taxi-
dermist.

The Committee was represented by the writer (Secretary)
and Mr. A. W. Anthony. They also represented the California
Academy of Sciences and the San Diego Society of Natural
History, respectively, and were placed in charge of the scien-
tific work of the expedition. Advantage was taken of this
exceptional opportunity to secure scientific data in other
branches of natural history in this little know'n and seldom
visited region. Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, Assistant Curator, De-
partment of Herpetology, and Mr. Frank Tose, Chief Taxi-
dermist, accompanied the expedition from the California Acad-
emy of Sciences. Mr. Ernest Hinkley went from the San
Diego Society of Natural History. The Scripps Institution for
Biological Research, being actively engaged in oceanographic
studies of broad scope, sent Mr. P. S. Barnhart for the sys-
tematic collection of water and plankton samples and ocean
temperatures.

The motor ship Tecate was admirably suited to the work in
hand and the success of the expedition was in no small measure
due to the constant interest of Captain Victor Angxilo and his
w^ll trained crew. Everything possible was done to aid the
observers and collectors during the five weeks in the field. (See
pi. 15, fig. 1.)

The expedition returned to San Diego on August 16 after
having visited the following desert islands : Guadalupe, San
Martin, Cedros, the three San Benitos, Natividad, San Roque,
Asuncion, Magdalena, and Santa Margarita. Landings were
also made at Ensenada, San Quintin Bay, San Bartolome Bay
and Abreojos Point on the Peninsula of Lower California.
Besides making observations and extensive collections of nat-
ural history specimens at all of these places, the coast line was
studied at close range for considerable distances from the vesel,
particularly around the long bight known as San Cristobal
Bay where elephant seals are known to have once hauled out
on the sands in aJjundance. Also a large number of samples of

September 5, 1925

220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

animal and plant life of the open ocean (plankton) and tem-
perature records were systematically collected.

Specimens were obtained in the various groups in approxi-
mately the following numbers: birds and mammals, 300; rep-
tiles and amphibians, 1000; insects, 1100; land shells, 2000;
marine fossils, many; and miscellaneous fishes, invertebrates,
and plants. These have all been submitted to specialists and
the technical reports upon them will be published in due time.
It is already known that numerous strange and rare forms
of animal life are represented in the collections, many of them
being entirely new to science. Readers interested in the sub-
jects are referred to these final reports for complete and techni-
cal information. In the following pages an attempt has been
made to give the most interesting features of these desert isles
and the general results of our search for the fur seals, elephant
seals and sea otters.

Organization

The organization of the expedition w^as largely the result of
the activities of Dr. Barton Warren Evermann and Mr. A. W.
Anthony, Directors of the California Academy of Sciences
and the San Diego Society of Natural History, respectively.
Through them the cooperation of the National Government
of Mexico was obtained and the success of the undertaking
was assured. It was understood informally that Sr. Ing.
Ignacio Romero, Agente General de la Secretaria de Agricul-
tura y Fomento, Tijuana, B. C., was an enthusiastic supporter
of the enterprise from the start and aided in many ways in
arranging the details necessary for the despatch of the Tecate
and party.

The following general memorandum was prepared before
departure of the expedition and was distributed for guidance
in the work proposed.

"1. Designation. — The expedition will be known as the Expedition of
the Committee on Conservation of Marine Life of the Pacific of the
Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science functioning under authority of the Committee on Pacific Investi-
gations of the Division of Foreign Relations of the National Research

Vol. XIVJ HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 221

Council, and conducted under the patronage of the Mexican Government,
the California Academy of Sciences, the Scripps Institution for Biological
Research, the Sau Diego Society of Natural History, and the National
Geographic Society.

2. Personnel. — The expedition will be made on the Fisheries Patrol
Vessel Tccatc which the Alexican government has generously detailed for
the purpose, and will be under the general direction and supervision of
Sefior Carlos Cuesta-Terron of the National Museum of Mexico, who
will have associated with him a number of scientific gentlemen of his
country.

[American members of the scientific staff were then listed. Seep. 217.]
The scientific investigations will be under the immediate direction of
Messrs. Hanna and Anthony.

3. Field of operations. — Islands and their surrounding waters off the
west coast of Lower California, particularly the islands of Guadalupe,
San Benito, Cedros, and Natividad ; also Magdalena Bay and other points
on the mainland.

4. Purpose. — The primary purpose of the expedition is to make investi-
gations to determine as fully as may be the present abundance and condi-
tion of the southern fur seal, southern sea otter, and elephant seal in the
localities visited.

It is known that each of those three important and valuable marine
mammals was at one time quite common not only about the islands men-
tioned but also about the islands on the California coast as far north
as the Farallons. Records believed trustworthy show that in the years
1808 to 1811, more than 203,000 fur seals were taken on the Farallon
Islands, besides many thousands on the Channel Islands, Cedros and other
islands ofif the coast of Lower California. Records also show that the
southern sea otter was at one time very abundant in the great kelp beds
about these same islands, more than 22,000 having been taken prior to
1806. The elephant seal was once abundant on Guadalupe Island and on
other islands on this coast.

It is generally believed that each of these interesting animals is now
extinct or nearly so ; but certain recent discoveries indicate that at least
small remnants of each of the three species still exist. It is the purpose
of this expedition to find out the facts in-so-far as is possible and place
them before the State Departments of the United States and Mexican
governments in the hope that the necessary steps may be taken by the two
governments through an international treaty for the adequate protection
of these valuable natural resources.

5. Other scientific investigations. — The scientists of this expedition
will avail themselves of the exceptional opportunities for making a gen-
eral survey of the fauna and flora and geology of the islands visited.
They will be equipped for making collections in various branches of nat-

222 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4Tif Ser.

ural history, particularly of birds, mammals, insects, shells, botany, and
fossils. These islands have been but little explored and it is believed that
many new species will be discovered. Provision is made for taking photo-
graphs, both still and moving, adequate for illustrative and educational
purposes."

(Signed) Barton Warren Evermaxn

Director of the Museum of the California
Academy of Sciences, and Chairman of the
Committee on Conservation of Marine Life of
the Pacific.

(Signed) G. Dallas Hanna

Secretary of the Committee on Conservation
of Marine Life of the Pacific.

The National Geographic Society through its President, Dr.
Gilbert H. Grosvenor, contributed the sum of $500.00 to aid
in defraying the e.xpenses of the expedition. This was used
for photographic purposes with the understanding that prints
from all official still-camera pictures should be furnished to the
Society accompanying an article suitable for publication in its
magazine.^

Of 360 exposures made with a 4x5 camera, 314 negatives
were obtained, suitable for illustrative purposes. Prints of
these were furnished to the National Geographic Society; the
San Diego Society of Natural History; the National Govern-
ment of Mexico; the California Academy of Sciences; and
various members of the party. The negatives have been depos-
ited in the latter institution. In addition to the above, several
members of the party took photographs, prints of which were
furnished to the Academy. About 800 feet of motion picture
negative was made of the herd of elephant seals on Guadalupe
Island. This has been deposited in the Academy and prints
were furnished to the National Government of Mexico and the
San Diego Society of Natural History.

Upon the completion of technical reports of the scientific
collections obtained it was understood that an equitable division
of specimens would be made among the institutions represented.

In addition to the account of the expedition published by the
National Geographic Society, announcements giving major

- See — A Cruise among Desert Islands, by G. Dallas Hanna and A. W. Anthony.
Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, pp. 70-99, 33 photographs. (Various
portions of this article were widely quoted as for instance: Illustrated London News,
Sept. 29, 1923, Vol. 163, No. 4406, pp. 564-565, 9 photographs.— Literary Digest, Vol.
79, No. 8, Nov. 24, 1923, pp. 50-52.)

Vol. XIV]

HANXA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND

223

facts appeared in Science and other publications before de-
parture and after returning.^

Date Arrived

July 9

9 5 . 00 PM

10

11 2.00 pm

12

13

14

15

16

17

18 2.00 pm

19

20

21

22 10.00 AM

23

24 9.30 pm

25

26

27

27 3.00 pm

28

29

30

31 1.00 pm
Aug. 1

1 11.00 am

2

2 7 . 30 AM

2

2 6 . 00 PM

3

3 9 . 00 AM

4

4 9 . 00 AM

5

6

7 6 . 00 AM

ITINERARY
Place Departed

San Diego 9.00 am

Ensenada

Ensenada 3 . 00 pm

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island .... 5 . 30 pm

San Quintin Bay

San Quintin Bay

San Quintin Bay

San Quintin Bay 4 . 00 pm

Cedros Island

Cedros Island 7 . 00 am

Magdalena Bay

Magdalena Bay

Magdalena Bay

Magdalena Bay Noon

Santa Margarita Island

Santa Margarita Island

Santa Margarita Island

Santa Margarita Island 9.00 am

Abreojos Point

Abreojos Point 6.00 am

Asuncion Island

Asuncion Island 6.00 AM

San Roque Island

San Roque Island .... 1 1 . 00 AM

San Bartolome Bay

San Bartolome Bay ... 6.30 am

Natividad Island

Natividad Island 6 . 30 am

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Region Visited

Elephant Beach

Cypress Grove and South

side
Esparsa Canon
Pine Ridge

Jack's Bay and south end
South end ; east side

Santo Domingo

Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Village

Village

Cactus Forest
Rancheria
V^illage

North part

Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Grand Canon

3 Evermann, Barton W. (Catalina Islander, Vol. 9, No. 28, pp. 1, 10, July 26, 1922.)
Evermann, Barton W. (Sports Afield, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 102-103, Avigust, 1922.)

Evermann, Barton W. (Science, n. s. Vol. 56, No. 1440, pp. 135-137, August 4, 1922.)
Evermann, Barton W. (Pacific Fisherman, Vol. 20, No. 8, p. 16, August, 1922.)
(San Diego Union, Thursday, August 17, 1922.)
(Golden Gate Pathfinder, Vol. 3, No. 34, p. 2, August 27, 1922.)
(Golden Gate Pathfinder, Vol. 3, No. 38, p. 2, Sept. 24, 1922.)
(Golden Gate Pathfinder, Vol. 3, No. 40, p. 2, October 8, 1922.)
(Catalina Islander, Vol. 9, No. i7, pp. 6-7, September 27, 1922.)
(Science, n. s. Vol. 51, No. 1453, pp. 503-504, November 3, 1922.)
W. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 11, pp. 665-667.

Hanna, G. Dallas.
Hanna, G. Dallas.
Hanna, G. Dallas.
Hanna, G. Dallas.
Hanna, G. Dallas.
Hanna, G. Dallas.
Evermann, Barton

August 22, 1923.)

224

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Date Arrived

Aug. 8 1 . 00 AM

10 10.00 am

10

11 7 . 00 AM

12

12 9.30 am

13

13 9.00 am

13

14 Noon

14

14 5.30 pm

14

15 9.00 am

15

16 9.00 am

Place

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

Cedros Island

West Benito Island .
West Benito Island .
East Benito Island . .
East Benito Island . .
San Quintin Bay . . .
San Quintin Bay . . .
San Martin Island . .
San Martin Island . .

Ensenada ,

Ensenada

San Diego

Departed

3

00 pm

7

00 am

8

30 am

2

00 pm

2

30 PM

7

00 PM

11

30 am

Region Visited
North end

Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Bernstein's Abalone Camp
Abalone camp on west side

Middle Benito also

JifagdaleT

Santa Margarit

3T*T0Tt MILCS

Fig. 1. A sketch map showing the region visited by the expedition of 1922;
drawn by James M. Darley; from National Geographic Magazine,
July. 1923.

Vol. XI\ ] HANS A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 225

The region covered in the above itinerary is included in the
following- series of sailing- charts of the Hydrographic Office
of the U. S. Navy;* it is therefore not believed necessary to
reproduce a general map of the area other than the sketch
shown above.

Area covered Chart number

General, West Mexico 1006

San Diego to San Quintin Bay 1149

San Quintin Bay to Cedros Island 1193

Cedros Island to Abreojos Point 1310

Abreojos Point to Cape San Lazaro 1493

Cape San Lazaro to Cape San Lucas 1664

Cape San Lazaro to Cape San Lucas 621

Todos Santos Bay 1046

Guadalupe Island 1681

Hassler Cove 1686

San Quintin Bay 1043

Cedros Island 1 192

San Benito Islands 1 194

San Bartolome Bay 1204

San Ignacio Lagoon 1492

San Roque and Asuncion Islands 1268

Magdalena Bay 1636

The night before the Expedition left, the members gathered
around a dinner table at La Jolla and listened to an exposition
of its aims and objects given by various persons directly inter-
ested in it. Informal talks were given by Dr. Barton Warren
Evermann, Sr. Jose M. Gallegos, Dr. Fred Baker and others.

Next morning, July 9, at nine the lines of the Tecatc were
cast off at San Diego and Ensenada was reached at five the
same day. The Mexican officials were hosts at a dinner given
to the rest of us that evening. At three p. m. of the tenth the
last of the stores had been taken aboard and the ship was
headed toward Guadalupe Island, 170 miles to the southwest.

Off Point Banda there are 10 rocks, white from the occu-
pancy of them by various birds, chiefly brown pelicans, Brandt's
cormorants and western gulls. Eight of these rocks were occu-
pied by California sea lions, the total number being estimated

* See, "Mexico and Central America Pilot (West Coast)," Hydrographic Office, U. S.
Navy, Publication No. 84, 6th Edition, 1920, and Supplement to same issued in 1923.
In each of these there is an index map of the area covered; on this map all of the
charts issued by the office are indicated.

226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

at 250. Close watch was kept for sea otters and fur seals in
the kelp beds as the Tecate passed close inshore here but, as
was to be expected, none was seen. Formerly both species lived
at this point in great abundance and it is not so many years
ago that 30 sea otters were killed ; this was the last time a
large number was slaughtered. Since then the species has been
practically extinct and in a region where a century and a half
before thousands were killed in a single season.

Before darkness closed in about the little motorship, two red
phalaropes were seen feeding on the sea. They were in full
fall plumage and it seems incredible that they had been to the
breeding grounds in northern Alaska and had returned this
far south already on the fall migration. They must surely
have remained behind the great flocks which annually follow
the American coast to the Arctic regions.

On the 11th, at ten a. m., Mr. Slevin, with eyes trained to
the sea, announced Guadalupe Island in sight. Two hours
later, between banks of fog, the ruggedness of the black
scorched cliffs of the north end was in plain sight and at three
p. m. we landed at the place called "Northeast Anchorage."

A settlement had formerly been at this place; sometimes it
consisted of soldiers and their families ; again the occupants
were those trying to successfully exploit the goats of the island.
At this time the place was not inhabited but one of the sheds
almost filled with dried meat and skins indicated that people
had occupied the place not more than one or two years pre-
viously. The best of the buildings was a two story adobe house
used by officers of the military party; it was painted white. ^

On the trip across from Ensenada, Mr. Barnhart and I alter-
nated taking samples of water from the surface of the sea.
These water samples were collected by tying a small bottle to
the bottom of a silk net. Three full buckets of known capacity
were poured into the net, the plankton collecting in the bottle.
The minute animal and plant life was killed and preserved with
formalin, a label was added and the sample packed away for
use of Dr. W. E. Allen in oceanographic study. These samples
were taken every hour during the cruise, when the vessel was
under way.

»See fig. Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, p. 72, July, 19J3.

\0L. XIV] HAXXA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 227

While camp was being established on shore, Mr. Slevin and
I walked up the canon back of the buildings about a mile. The
country is excessively rough and shows evidences of volcanism
on a grandiose and awe-inspiring scale on every side. Huge
caves and caverns festooned with ragged lava line the chffs
on both sides of the canon. In some places strata of scoria,
cinders and loose rocks are bedded as if they might have fallen
in water from a spouting volcano. Subsequent to deposition
the beds were violently disturbed because it is not unusual to
see the dip of the strata change 90° in 100 yards. No fossils
of any kind were found so it cannot be certain that any of the
material was laid down in the sea.

The caiion showed evidence of considerable water at a not
very distant date. Large water holes, lined with fresh sedi-
ment were in the bed of the stream but not a spot now ap-
peared to be moist. All of the vegetation in that vicinity was
likewise dry except the poppies and one or two other kinds of
plants. Wild oats, waist high, grew^ in profusion where there
was soil. Goats w^ere excessively abundant everywhere and
were well fed. Doubtless there had been sufificient rain in
earlier months to produce plenty of pasturage. But the dried
bleached bones strewn over the ground in greatest profusion
showed that famine had spread over the herd in other years
and had taken enormous toll. Probably, as in most of Lower
California and the outlying islands, rain is scant and very
irregular on Guadalupe. Certainly the greatest part of the
island is a desert of the most barren sort.

No cats were seen during the brief sojourn in the caiion
that evening and during the rest of our stay on the island they
successfully evaded us. Several skulls w^ere collected at various
places. Mr. Hinkley took one from a well (salty) at the land-
ing place. Another was later found at the extreme south end
of the island shown'ng that this pest has completely overrun the
place. Escaping as pets or abandoned by former occupants,
this animal has reverted to the wild state and has wreaked
havoc among the birds. We saw evidence of this everywhere
we went. The Kaeding's petrels were apparently preyed upon
the most. The action of the cats could be plainly read from
the record on the ground. The petrels live among the loose

22g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

rocks and in the holes of the cliffs, where the cats apparently
have no difficulty in capturing them as thej^ go and come.
Many were seen with only the top of the head eaten away.

In this cafion we took five species of land snails : two Pupil-
lid?e; two Micrarionta and the strange Binneya iiofabilis found
elsewhere only on Santa Barbara Island, off southern Cali-
fornia. Here on Guadalupe it is very abundant and appears
to be identical in every way with those of the northern island.
It is about halfway between a true snail and a slug. Many
of the snail shells had been broken and the soft parts extracted
by mice.

The house mouse is apparently very abundant all over the
island; specimens were collected which do not differ from
individuals of other lands. The species probably came acci-
dentally with personal baggage, has increased enormously, and
probably will completely exterminate the land shell fauna.
Probably numerous species of insects have already disappeared
through this agency. The cats, of course, will not eat the
mice as long as they can subsist on birds.

Mr. Slevin looked carefully for lizards on many parts of
the island but failed to find a single one. Prof. Cuesta-Terron
stated that he had a report of a specimen having the characters
of a Xantusia but it was not sufficiently reliable to be credited
without supporting evidence. Mr. Slevin's failure to find a
species of reptile of any kind naturally leads us to believe none
lives there.

Late in the evening of July 1 1 an osprey was shot at the
landing place ; this species had not previously been reported
from Guadalupe Island.

On the morning of July 12, with all hands on board the ship
sailed around the north end of the island to the elephant seal
rookery. On the way around, the beach was scanned at close
range for Guadalupe fur seals but none was seen. Only in one
place, a cave three-fourths of a mile north of the elephant seal
rookery, did there appear to be any suitable ground where the
fur seal might be expected. This was occupied by a few of the
elephant seals.

The landing was made early in the forenoon at the north-
west end of a short beach composed of black sand and on which

\< L. XI\'] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 229

the elephant seals were located. Immediately back, huge, un-
scalable, lava clififs rose to an elevation of 2000 feet. It was
with much misgiving that we rowed in as quietly as possible,
each moment expecting the animals to catch our scent or the
noise of the oars and desert the place for the rest of the day.
That invariably would have been the procedure if we had been
approaching any of the northern rookeries of hair seals or sea
lions I had visited. But they let the first boat load of us land
without troubling themselves at all ; the nearest ones, however,
were some 50 yards away.*' (See pi. 16, fig. 1.)

With motion picture equipment and Graflex camera we
climbed a spur at the west end of the rookery and proceeded
to take a series of pictures as rapidly as possible. Each turn
of the crank and each snap of the camera I expected to be my
last opportunity, but the lazy animals slept on. Other visitors
coming ashore hid under a low cliff until the photography from
the distance was finished. Some of them were then asked to
walk slowly toward the herd. It was expected that a motion
picture of them all rushing into the sea would prove an item
of interest. Every one was equally surprised when the men
walked right out among the huge beasts, slapping an occasional
one on the back as a sign of greeting.

A count of the herd was made from this high point before
the men went among the animals but it was subsequently dis-
carded when it was found that a much more accurate census
could be obtained from enlargements of some of the photo-
graphs. We thus determined the number present to be 264.

All of those present were males except one female. She was
timid and left the beach soon after we arrived. It was noted
that the long pendant snout of the male was represented in the
female by a short and scarcely noticeable elongation. I do not
believe the female can inflate her "trunk" as does the male and
thus produce a resonance chamber or sound box to accentuate
the ponderous snore-like sound the latter frequently make.

There was one young seal on the beach, perhaps a yearling,
and its silvery coat of hair fairly glistened in the sun. It like-
wise deserted us soon after we made our presence known.

« Anthony (Journal Mammalogy, Vol. 5, No. 3, Aug., 1924, pp. 145-152, pis. 17-20)
has given an account of the elephant seal herd in 1922, 1923, and contributed other
data of historical value.

September 5. 1925

230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

On the beach, down among the animals we made many close-
range studies and photographs. (See pi. 16, fig. 2.) This was
shedding time^ and we were all much surprised to see some
animals with large flakes of epidermis peeling off of their
bodies, bringing the old hair with it. Much of this cast-off
skin littered the beach. The underside of the neck of the well
grown male was very greatly creased and corrugated, and the
color was brilliant geranium pink. Otherwise the coloration
was a somber drab or gray, like the unspotted hair seals to
which they are somewhat distantly related. The corrugations
on the necks have been called scars from fighting, but they
seem to be too regular and unifonn. I think it is purely a
sexual character of the species. The only fighting scars I saw
were on the backs.

The animals were all excessively fat. On those occasions
when we were able to get one to go into the water, wrinkles
or waves of fat traveled the length of the body as it moved
on the sand, undoubtedly aiding in the movement forward or
backward. In coming from the water great deliberation was
shown, advantage apparently being taken of the last ounce of
"push" in the breaking surf. Locomotion was exceedingly slow
and laborious on land; the diminutive front flippers are used
to a certain extent to pull the huge bulk forward but they and
the muscles which actuate them are entirely inadequate. The
hind limbs project backward at all times and while they are
very serviceable in swimming they serve no useful purpose on
land.

One curious habit we noticed on land was the throwing of
showers of sand up over and on the backs as they lay stretched
out. The front flippers, one at a time are used for this and in
some cases an animal looked like a huge pile of volcanic sand
with flippers projecting at one end and nose at the other. Why
this is done remained to us inexplicable when we left.

On several occasions we succeeded in causing a full grown
bull to raise his head and shoulders to their full extent; then
they are considerably taller than a man. The teasing to which
they were subjected caused only the mildest sort of protest.
This consisted only of throwing the head back high over the

' See figure in Nat. Geog. Mag., \'ol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 77.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 231

back and opening wide the mouth. On no occasion was an
attempt made to bite one of us although ample opportunity-
was afforded had the animals been so disposed. How different
were they in their docility from an equal number of fur seal
bulls, which would have torn us literally to shreds under simi-
lar circumstances ! On two or three occasions members of the
party would place a hand on the back of an animal and vault
over, rather than go around.

One of the strangest things to me about the elephant seals
was the manner in which the snout (erroneously called trunk)
was inflated, balloon-fashion, and allowed to dangle in the
widely opened mouth when the head was thrown far back to
utter the indescribably weird sound they make.^ The noise
(it can hardly be called a note), although of very low pitch,
has peculiar carrying properties and the source is difficult to
locate. So far as we could see the snout (about 12 inches long)
was put to no other purpose. It can be of no value in the
capture of food, else the young and females would likewise
be thus provided.

The Mexican naturalists wished to obtain a specimen for
their National Museum and this afforded an opportunity to
investigate the food habits of the species. But the stomach
was empty, except for some sand, and the natural food remains
a mystery.

The breeding ground proper is at the southeast end of the
beach and above high tide mark. Here were the remains of six
dead animals, too far decomposed for careful examination.
From them it was supposed that the ground had not been
occupied probably later than March and perhaps earlier.

Many points in the life history of this strange beast remain
unknown. For instance, where were the females and young?
Certainly not around Guadalupe. It has been suggested that
they migrate to the coast of Chile. This may be correct, but
the animals seem ill adapted to so long a journey. Our obser-
vations indicated that they were not so adept in swimming as
such species as the sea lions. They could hardly catch the in-
credibly swift pelagic fishes such as tuna, albacore, yellowtail.
etc., which abound about Guadalupe. Moreover, there appeared

» See figure in National Geog. Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 76.

232 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

to be no records of the species between Guadalupe and Chile.
Truly this is an animal of mystery.

All of us were impressed with the apparent stupidity of the
elephant seals. One man with a rifle could kill in a short time
all of the herd then present. Years ago they were so butchered
and the fat was rendered into oil. This continued to such an
extent that the animal was supposed for a while to be extinct.
It was very gratifying to us to see that there was at least a
nucleus left to perpetuate the species and at least not yet will it
follow the dodo and passenger pigeon into oblivion. After
making due allowances for animals absent it would seem that
the entire herd in 1922 must have contained not many fewer
than 1,000" of all classes.

Upon our return to San Francisco the Committee under
whose auspices the expedition was organized, took steps imme-
diately to urge the Government of Mexico adequately to pro-
tect this relic of a bygone age of which it happened to be cus-
todian. Our associates from that country took similar action
and as a result on October 27, 1922. President Obregon issued
the following proclamation declaring Guadalupe Island a
reservation.

SUBJECT

Marginally a stamp which says : — United States of Mexico. — Presidency
of the Republic. — Resolution of the Bureau of Agriculture and Public
Works :

CONSIDERING

That the island of Guadalupe, of Lower California, and its territorial
waters possess natural riches alike in forestry material and in herds, and
in game and fish, numbering among its species many of rare occurrence,
which species are in danger of extinction, owing to the immoderate ex-
ploitation of which they have been the object;

That the Federal Government must protect those species which con-
stitute an inexhaustible fount of riches for the Government and the people
of Mexico.

For that reason, I have considered it well to dictate the following

RESOLUTION.

Article 1. — The island of Guadalupe of Lower California, as well as the
territorial waters surrounding it, remains reserved for the protection and

'Anthony (Jouni. Mammalogy, ^'ol. 5, No. 3, Aug., 1924, p. 148) has stated that he
believed 1250 total to be a conservative estimate of the herd in 1923, a year later.

VcL. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION rO GUADALUPE ISLAND 233

development of the natural riches which they contain, alike in forestry
material and in herds, and in game and fish.

Article 2. — There be named the technical and administrative personnel
necessary for the administration and protection of the said riches.

Given in the residence of the Federal Executive Power, on the 19th
day of the month of October of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-
two.— THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES OF MEXICO.— A. OBREGON.— SEAL.— Published and exe-
cuted.—THE UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND PUB-
LIC WORKS COMMISSIONER OF THE BUREAU.— RAMON P. DE
NEGRI.— Seal.

It is a copy which I certify agrees with the original.

Mexico, October 27, 1922.

THE SECONDARY CHIEF CLERK.
Gmo. S. Segutn. — Seal.

It is to be hoped that all loyal subjects of all civilized nations
will respect this decree and permit the elephant seals to live
their lives and perpetuate the species for the benefit of future
generations of mankind.

After Mr. Tose had completed the making of the sketches
he had in mind and had collected some accessory material, such
as rocks, plants, dried elephant seal epidermis, etc., we sailed
back to our shore camp. The articles mentioned were to be
used for the preparation of a group of the mounted animals
which the California Academy of Sciences had received sev-
eral years previously and which was to be installed in the new
Steinhart Aquarium, then under construction.

At the elephant seal beach, Mr. Anthony and others saw a
wandering tattler fly listlessly from rock to rock in the most
unconcerned and nonchalant manner. This bird has always
been an enigma to me. I have seen it in summer on practically
every north Pacific island I have visited from Guadalupe to
the center of Bering Sea, and others have reported it as far
south as the Revillagigedo group. Yet breeding records seem
to be entirely wanting. It spends our winter months in the
southern hemisphere and there is a possibility that its breeding
ground is south of the equator.

On the way back from the elephant seal beach to our shore
camp two yellowtail tuna were caught from the deck and
proved to be a desirable addition to our already excellent bill
of fare. The fishes were taken on a bone "gig" trolled far

234 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

behind the ship on a piano wire "leader" and very strong line.
When a strike was made this powerful swimmer made the
line fairly sing back and forth as it was hauled in, hand over
hand. Such procedure would doubtless break the heart of a
light tackle enthusiast but fishing for fun and fishing for food
must always be separated.

That night as we were getting into our blankets at 10
o'clock under a starlit sky, we were greeted by a slight earth-
quake, lasting almost a minute — merely a gentle reminder of
the immeasurable forces which have built this mountain peak
from 12,000 feet beneath the waves to 4,000 feet above.

The next day, July 13, the party separated in order the better
to cover more ground in our limited time. Messrs. Slevin.
Gallegos, Barnhart and Hinkley, leaving in the early morning,
took the trail up the canon back of the buildings. After about
six hours of steady, weary climbing, up the excessively rough
lava slopes they eventually reached the forest of cypress trees
near the top. Here Dr. Edward Palmer had camped in a ver-
itable paradise in 1875. He found strange birds in abundance
and a profusion of wild flowering plants.

No less than four species of the birds he found are now
absolutely extinct and except for the museum specimens and his
notes they are forever lost to humanity. There is some strange
and lonely sadness that comes over us when we think of the
last of a species of one of nature's creations having passed its
span of existence. Paleontology tells us that hundreds of thou-
sands of species have so passed on in times gone by ; neverthe-
less, when v'e see one go we feel the loss the same as we do
when a dear relative has received a last farewell.

The species of birds thus far exterminated on Guadalupe
are: Guadalupe Caracara, Guadalupe Flicker, Guadalupe
Towhee, and Guadalupe Wren.

The caracaras were abundant when Dr. Palmer was at the
island but ten years later (1885), when Mr. Walter E. Bryant
collected on Guadalupe for the California Academy of Sci-
ences, he found them being killed by the soldiers stationed
there "to protect the goats." It was evidently believed that the
young kids were killed by the caracaras and, although the
birds ranged from the sea shore to the highest peak, they were

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 235

soon all killed. The destruction was made easy because, it is
said, the birds resorted to the water holes on top of the island
to drink.

The other three lost species, the flicker, wren and towhee,
have gone because they were unable to protect themselves from
the house cats, running wild.

Our party saw no sign of any of these four species although
special search was made for them. There was one other resi-
dent, the Guadalupe petrel, which we expected to find but did
not. The last report of a naturalist previous to our visit ( 1906)
stated that the birds were being rapidly killed by the cats.
Our visit was too late in the season for us to say if all are
gone or not.

In the vicinity of the spring near the cypress grove the party
estimated the number of goats at 5,000. Naturally the water
hole was in a foul and filthy condition. The animals have in-
creased to a prodigious extent since they were first "planted."^"

There are two stories told as to the early introduction of this
pernicious pest on Guadalupe. One has it that the early whalers
sailing from New England "planted" goats on all of the out-
lying and uninhabited islands in their track in order to provide
a supply of fresh meat for their crews without the necessity
of visiting a port where risk of desertion was always great.
This version may be true, but when Dr. Palmer was on the
island in 1875, the animals were there but had not increased
sufficiently to cause any damage. In 1885 Green^^ stated there
were many thousand.

The other version came to me after I returned to San Fran-
cisco. It was related to me by one John McCormick. One of
the early whalers, Captain Breen, obtained a concession from
the Mexican Government to raise goats on Guadalupe and in-
troduced the nucleus of a herd there in 1872. This concession
passed to Captain Breen's son who in turn willed a one-third
interest to Felix Franquient and two-thirds to Sammy Solo-
mon. EfiForts to confirm this story were unsuccessful. Mr. Mc-
Cormick told me he had reports that there were several million
goats on the island and when informed that our party esti-
mated the number at 40,000 to 60,000 his interest waned !

" See fi^re in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 84, from photograph
by J. M. Gallegos.

"Bulletin Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, .■\ug. 29, 1885, p. 215.

236

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

However the goats originally reached Guadalupe, they have
increased enormously and through inbreeding have developed
into a motley race colored white, red, brown, spotted, blotched,
and black ; curious malformations of horns have also resulted.
They are at perfect ease on the tablelands of the top, on the
perpendicular cliffs of the seashore or the steep-walled cavern-
ous canons. They were not very shy at the time of our visit.
Two of them took up a station on the face of a vertical cliff
close behind our camp and the ledge on which they had a foot-
ing was so narrow they apparently could not turn around to
get back the way they went. Their bleating was somewhat
annoying at times but finally one of them half jumped, half
slid, to a talus slope 50 feet below. A safe landing was made
and the goat trotted away as if that was an every-day occur-
rence. The cowboy propensities of one of our deck hands
finally became irresistible and he lassoed the other animal and
hauled it down.^-

Several times we saw goats go deliberately to the sea and
drink, and we were satisfied that this was practically the only
method the majority of them have of quenching their thirst
during the dry season. It is believed that many of them never
visit the sources of freshwater on the island.

The party, while on the top of the island, collected a consid-
erable supply of seeds of the Guadalupe cypress, a marvelously
beautiful and graceful tree, entirely distinct from all other
known cypresses. It is sometimes called "blue cypress" because
of the blue-gray color of the foliage. For many years, the
species was represented in California only by a few beautiful
specimens on the grounds of the state capitol at Sacramento,
two smaller ones in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, and
some others in Balboa Park, San Diego. None of these had
ever produced seed. Therefore, Mr. John McLaren, Superin-
tendent of Golden Gate Park, was very grateful for the supply
of seeds brought back to him. A great many of them grew un-
der the expert attention they received and may be exi>ected to
furnish shade to the children of the park long after the last
one on Guadalupe has been "barked" and killed by the goats.
Those who saw the grove there in 1922 stated that no small

" See figure in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, p. 82, July, 1923.

Vol. XIV] HAXMA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 237

trees were found at all. The goats evidently eat every seedling
which starts. In addition they had peeled the bark from many
of the large trees to a point as high as they could reach.

The presence about the water hole on top of the island of a
horse, six mules and 14 burros caused considerable astonish-
ment to the party some of whom would have liked immensely
to have received some assistance from these sturdy animals
before they succeeded in negotiating the steep descent of the
mountain. They reached camp, greatly fatigued, soon after
dark.

Mr. Anthony and I rowed south from the landing, six or
seven miles in order to make a careful search in the water and
on land for fur seals but the quest was fruitless.

We landed at the first large caiion south of the buildings and
spent two hours collecting on shore. Signs of house mice
showed that these animals were excessively abundant. The
rock slides were occupied by numerous Kaeding's petrels.
These birds are chiefly nocturnal in their movements on land,
and each night at our camp we heard them chattering among
the rocks and canons. Several were attracted to the lights on
the ship and were captured easily. They are evidently not as
expert on the wing as one would be led to expect by watching
the birds gracefully skim the waves of the open sea ; Mr. Slevin
found two dried carcasses impinged on the thorns of the
"cholla" cactus.

On July 14 Messrs. Anthony, Slevin, Terron, Barnhart,
Tose and I rowed southward to a large caiion (Esparsa
Caiion) which opens to the sea about three miles south of the
Northeast Anchorage. The primary object was to secure seeds
of the palm trees, about 1,000 of which grew above an eleva-
tion of 750 feet at this place. No ripe seeds were found and
small trees which could possibly be transplanted were missing.
Evidently not a new tree has started for a great many years,
another blot against the goats. (See pi. 19, fig. 2.)

We succeeded in collecting a few other species of plants
which the goats could not reach. Our method was to scale a
cliff as far as possible and then shoot a fragment of the plant
from its place of growth. Practically nothing edible for the
goats could be reached by us ; they are better cliff climbers

238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. s'th Ser.

than we. Several things indicated that there might be fresh
water underground in this canon or as springs farther up.

The remainder of the party either worked in camp or in that
vicinity during the day.

Early on the morning of July 15 Messrs. Terron, Anthony,
Slevin, the engineer of the Tccatc and I went to the top of the
pine ridge, a knife-like promontory 2,500 to 4,000 feet high,
on the northwest end of the island. We ascended from the first
canon north of the Northeast Anchorage and followed the crest
of the ridge southeast about three miles.

Enormous, senile, wide spreading pines were very common
on the top; some of them were beautiful specimens but many
were dead or dying and a great many more had fallen. When
we stopped on our southward march the pines were growing
scarcer and the beautiful Guadalupe oak had appeared in con-
siderable numbers.

Both of these trees are peculiar to Guadalupe and it is said
there is not a living specimen of the oak elsewhere and very
few pines. We were very anxious to secure acorns but system-
atic search failed to reveal a single one. We even climbed
numerous trees in hopes of finding one lodged in a crotch or
cavity but this failed. One botanist has stated that the acorns
of this oak are the largest in existence so we were greatly dis-
appointed in our failure.

With the pines we were more successful and a large supply
of cones was brought back. As with the cypresses and palms,
the goats have for many years effectually prevented any new
growth and if some one does not succeed in transplanting the
oak this beautiful species in a few more years will be forever
lost.

The top of this ridge and a considerable distance down on
the seaward side is bathed in almost constant fog. It was only
between banks of this that we were able to get a glimpse, now
and then, of the country round about and to take some pic-
tures. The trees condense a great deal of moisture from these
clouds and underneath many of them the ground was very
moist.

Sr. Cuesta-Terron suggested that if Guadalupe could be
made a government reservation it should be possible to fence

Vol. XIV] HAXNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 239

certain favorable forested areas of all the species of trees and
thus keep the goats out. If this admirable idea can be carried
out it no doubt will serve to perpetuate in their native habitat
the five species which are otherwise doomed to certain extinc-
tion when the present generation of individuals is gone. These
are the oak, pine, palm, cypress, and cedar.

We found none of the beautiful undergrowth of shrubs and
succulent plants of this forest which was so fascinating to Dr.
Palmer 50 years before. It is believed that about 100 native,
endemic species of plants may have been entirely exterminated
by the goats in this time.

We were greatly disappointed at finding no flickers, wrens
or towhees. The dusky kinglet was also not seen although it
had previously been found in the trees we visited. We did see
about 15 individuals of the red-breasted nuthatch and many
Guadalupe juncos. Guadalupe rock wrens and Guadalupe house
finches were very abundant. Apparently these species had com-
pleted the rearing of young for the year and no eggs were
found. Three red-tailed haw^ks were seen; this species is com-
mon on the island and was seen almost every day. A great
blue heron was seen on shore.

Messrs. Tose and Hinkley worked closer to camp during the
day and after the pine ridge party had returned the shore camp
was broken and all hands went on board the Tecate for the
night. Mr. Barnhart had spent the day studying the fishes
about the shores near camp. Our facilities did not permit the
preservation of an extensive collection of this interesting group,
a fact which we regretted whenever we saw the intense blue
Azurina hirundo over the kelp gardens. Mr. Anthony had
helped to collect the type and two other specimens of this* beau-
tiful fish 25 years previously and they still remain the sole
museum records of the species. We saw considerable numbers
of them, but never many at one time ; they persistently refused
to take any bait we had to offer.

One of the most striking features of Guadalupe was the very
unusual tameness of some of the birds. Rock wrens'^ were at
almost every landing and juncos and finches were abundant
among the trees. (See pi. 17, fig. 2.) All three species were
most confiding and fearless in their behavior. If we sat down

See figure in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 73.

240 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

to eat a lunch and remained motionless for a few minutes, one
or more of them would alight on our boots or hats. The
strange part of it is that the cats have not as yet exterminated
these species as well as some others.

This habit was in great contrast to all species on Cedros
Island visited a few days later. There the birds, all species,
were so wild and wary that it was almost impossible to collect
specimens. I know of no explanation of these facts. Human
beings visit one island as often as the other and probably never
have the small birds been molested in either place other than
by collectors.

The next morning, July 16, at eight o'clock, the ship got
under way and sailed around the north end again to the ele-
phant seal beach. The shore and caves were examined closely
by rowing along just outside the surf line; we had high hopes
of being as fortunate in our location of fur seals as we had been
with elephant seals but there was no sign of the objects of our
search on this end of the island. At the last cave before reach-
ing the elephant seal beach there were 22 elephant seals hauled
on a small sand bank and 14 just outside in the water. There
appeared to be more of the animals on the rookery beach than
on the day we made the count but we did not stop to check the
earlier figures.

Cruising on down the west side of the island slowly we
examined minutely every nook and corner where it appeared
at all likely fur seals might be. At one p. m. we anchored off
Jack's Bay, halfway down the island and went ashore to ex-
amine the ancient fur-seal rookery ground. Here was located
originally a rookery with as many animals on it as any of the
largest breeding grounds of the Pribilof Islands.

The boundaries of the great rookery could be traced almost
exactly by the smooth and polished rocks which had been worn
this way by the trampling of thousands upon thousands of flip-
pers for many, many years. At the western end of the rookery
there was the outline of the hauling ground for the adolescent
males, the bachelors, extending far back of the beach line.
And back of it there was a canon with a causeway, fenced off
with built-up rocks and logs of the native palm tree. The latter
were thoroughly decayed showing that a great many years

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 241

had elapsed since they were put in place. At the upper end of
the causeway on a little tableland was a corral, partially demol-
ished.

The rookery proper occupied a fringe on a boulder beach
about half a mile long lying east of the hauling ground. In
front, and awash during the highest waves, there is a rough
and jagged lava reef. The tide pools of this undoubtedly fur-
nished admirable places for the young pups to learn to swim.
At the eastern end of the rookery was what appeared to be the
killing ground and a flat smooth area for pegging out the skins
to dry. In the early days of fur-seal work this method of
curing was employed instead of the use of salt which has been
used now for about 75 3^ears. At the eastern end of the rookery
were the rock walls of eight houses. No framework was left.
They were probably covered with the skins of the elephant
seals.

We could not walk over this deserted ground without form-
ing a picture of the grand sight it must have been when the
first visitors built their rude huts and began the relentless
slaughter of the fur-seal herd. Those who are familiar with
the history of the Alaska fur-seal herd know what a waste
there has been. It is recorded that the killing was done by
Aleutian islanders brought down by the intrepid Yankee sailors
for the purpose. The Aleutians were under the domination of
Russia at that time and the Americans were able to arrange to
do the work on shares ; they were navigators, the Russians
were not. It appears that parties of the Alaskan natives were
landed with water at the rookery grounds and there left to
make the season's catch. After the work was done the ship
returned for them and took them away again. Evidently the
greatest need was for water and a well had been dug near the
buildings. It had caved in badly and showed no sign of moist-
ure of any kind in the bottom.

It was here at Jack's Bay that Dr. Charles H. Townsend
collected four fragmentary skulls of fur seals in 1888. They
were found to represent a species decidedly distinct from the
Alaska fur seal ; in fact they were more closely related to those
that live in the Antarctic regions than to those of the Arctic.
The Guadalupe species was named Arctocephalus townsendi by

242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Dr. Merriam, and the four skulls in the original collection
form the sole representation of the species in the world. Al-
though many people have searched for the species since, it
appears to be extinct.

In going over the rookery ground we had expectations of
finding bones but were disappointed. It appears that in this
desert air bones disintegrate very rapidly and fall to a powder.
Even some bones of goats were almost completely destroyed
and they could not have been there longer ago than about 1880.
The great fur-seal rookeries were exploited chiefly between the
years 1800 and 1810.

Here at Jack's Bay Messrs. Slevin and Tose collected vari-
ous and sundry species of insects and shells and succeeded in
getting one house mouse. This is a dry, barren part of the
island and the mice have lived here for many generations,
without water the greater part of the time, yet they do not
appear to differ from this pest elsewhere.

I here succeeded in finding in the rock pools a few indi-
viduals of the marine shell Uvanilla regina Stearns, a beautiful
species originally found on Guadalupe and not certainly known
elsewhere.

That afternoon we sailed slowly down the remainder of
the west side of the island but finding nothing of importance
we anchored in the bight known as "South Anchorage" for the
night.

Two fair-sized islets at the south end of Guadalupe known
as Inner and Outer islands were examined minutely for fur
seals but none was found. On a shelf of Inner Island we saw
14 California sea lions sleeping quietly in their solitude.

These islands are very interesting geologically. One is built
of lava, like most of Guadalupe, and is a crater, bowl-shaped
on the inside. The sea has eaten into the rocks so that a per-
pendicular wall is left all around. Next day from an elevation
on Guadalupe we could see water inside the crater, but whether
it was fresh or salt could not be determined. The other island
rises out of the water, a sheer monolith with perpendicular
walls going down into deep water. This one was composed of
a light brown massive rock very decidedly different from the
stratified lava of which the crater is built.

Vol. XIV]

HANNA—EXPEDITIOX TO GUADALUPE ISLAND

243

In the early morning of July 17 Messrs. Anthony, Tose,
Hinkley, Barnhart and I went over the reef ground near
South Anchorage, this being an excellent hauling place for fur
seals should any be around, but not a sign of an animal was
found.

Fig. 2. Sketch of South Rookery, an abandoned fur seal breeding ground on
Guadalupe Island. — 1, Steep escarpment leading to high land above.
— 2, Main rookery ground, excessively rough with blocks and boulders
of lava; many worn smooth and polished from trampling of the fur
seals. — 3, A wrecked dory. — 4, Squares represent walls of human
habitations. — 5, Trail leading to smooth tableland about 50 feet
above level of rookery. — 6, Smooth sandy area used for pegging out
seal skins to dry. — 7, Round, flat topped piles of stones, presumably
used for platforms for piling skins.

At one time this area was occupied by a vast rookery of
Guadalupe fur seals. As at Jack's Bay the boundaries were
plainly traceable by the flipper-polished rocks. The rookery
occupied a stretch of coastline at least three-fourths of a mile
long, the rocks being greatly worn; evidently the ground was
occupied for a very long period of time and if this feature be
a safe means of estimating the age of a rookery, then Guada-

244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

lupe was inhabited much before the Pribilof Islands by the
herds there.

On top of a tableland was a smoothed-off area used as a
pegging-out ground, in many cases the pegs were still present
but grealy worn by the wind blown sand. Piles of boulders,
carefully arranged in circles may have been used as a place to
put the fresh skins before pegging to keep them clean and free
of sand ; no other use could be thought of to which they might
have been put. (See pi. 15, fig. 2.)

Near the beach line there were the remains of the stone
walls of nine houses, similar in every way to those previously
seen at Jack's Bay. (See pi. 17, fig. 1.)

The country at this end of the island is an exceedingly bar-
ren desert, where even the goats find difficulty in maintaining
an existence. The uplands were very rough and rugged with
strewn lava and in one patch of this a little cactus belonging to
the genus Mammillaria was collected. Until then the only other
form of this group found was the "cholla."

Under some vegetation near the beach Mr. Slevin and I col-
lected two species of Hemiptera and two beetles we had not
previously found on the island.

In the afternoon we continued slowly with the ship up the
eastern side of the island, examining the shores very carefully
for fur seals. About two miles north of the south end of the
island we found more ancient rookery ground, the occupied
area being only about one-half mile long, but near by were the
remains of 19 houses. Evidently this was the most favorably
located of the rookeries for human habitation although we
could see little reason for choice in the matter. Probably the
workmen here walked across to the other rookeries for sealing
work.

Of course we were much disappointed at finding no living
fur seals. It would seem that if the last hunters had left any
breeding animals at all, they would have increased sufficiently
by now to have been seen under the close scrutiny we gave the
shores. The absence of bones on the old killing fields and
rookeries also disappointed us because we had hoped to be able
to add at least some pwDrtions of skeletons to the collections.

After we had cruised northward along the eastern shore to
the point where we left off with the rowboat a few days before,

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 245

the ship was headed for San Qiiintin Bay on the peninsula
of Lower California.

This we reached at two p. m. of July 18 and Messrs. An-
thon}-, Tose, Slevin, Barnhart and I went ashore to collect on
the west side of the bay.

Miscellaneous specimens of various kinds were taken, among
which were a rattlesnake and a lizard, found by Mr. Slevin.
These pleased him very much because up to this time he had
not gotten anything for the Department of Herpetology. He
had been unable to verify the vague reports of the lizard on
Guadalupe.^*

The remainder of our party went ashore on the east side of
the bay at the village to arrange for the use of an automobile
the following day.

The next morning, July 19, Messrs. Angulo, Cuesta-Terron,
Anthony, Slevin and I secured a light automobile in the village
of San Quintin for use during the day. Mr. Green, the post-
master, owned the machine and we drove northeastward about
15 miles, diagonally across a level plain, then over gently roll-
ing hills to the mouth of a cafion which comes out of higher
mountainous country to the eastward. At the mouth of the
canon there is a huge land-mark in the form of a red rock
escarpment and near by a well kept farm has the name "Red
Rock Ranch." We were treated to huge figs, four inches long,
delicious watermelons and tomatoes, all irrigated with water
from the stream in the cafion.

From the ranch we drove up this stream about three miles
to the Mission of Santo Domingo, once a populous and impor-
tant station on the line of civilized habitations from the capital
of Lower and Upper California, Loreto, to San Francisco,
Now a few natives were left and they seemed to be fairly
prosperous, with well kept farms and houses. Conspicuous
among the buildings was a schoolhouse which would be a
credit to many small communities in the United States. The
"dobe" walls of the mission yard were mostly in ruins but one
of the buildings was still well kept and was used regularly
for church services,

" See Green, Bulletin Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, 1885, p. 220, who reported having
seen "two or three small lizards." Mr. Slevin thinks that if a species of lizard did
once live on the island it is probable that the cats have destroyed them all by now.

September 5, 1925

246 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Collecting in this vicinity was not particularly encouraging
so we returned early to the plains where a few antelope ground
squirrels were taken as they rested, bird fashion, in the tops
of the sage brush. Also just before dusk Captain Angulo and
others derived considerable pleasure in securing some jack
rabbits for us for specimens. I had missed an easy rifle shot
at a coyote early in the afternoon and it took me some time to
recover.

The village of San Quintin consisted of a few miscellaneous
houses, the most conspicuous of which was the old "Company
House." Many years before, this had been the scene of con-
siderable activity by a "colonization" company but it did not
turn out well. Mr. Anthony had been with the company as a
surve3^or and had collected many valuable specimens of birds
in this vicinity. The place was also interesting to those of us
from the California Academy of Sciences because our Secre-
tary, Mr. W. W. Sargeant, had also been on hand with the
first contingent of "settlers."

While we were working on the east side of the bay, Messrs.
Gallegos, Tose, Hinkley and Barnhart collected on the west
side and secured many valuable specimens.

On July 20, Messrs. Anthony, Gallegos, Slevin, Barnhart
and Tose worked on the west side of the bay adding many
more specimens to our rapidly growing collection.

I found it profitable to visit some low cliffs, not over 20 feet
high, on the east side of the bay and just south of the village.
Here I succeeded in getting a very large collection of fossil
shells consisting of several thousand specimens.

The geology in the vicinity of San Quintin is comparatively
simple. In late Pleistocene the present bay was a broad inden-
tation of the sea and ocean-living species were very abundant.
Subsequent elevation raised the bottom on the east side in a
broad fold. The preservation of the fossil shells is excellent,
many of them retaining some of the original coloration. How
far back toward the foothills this embayment extended cannot
be determined but probably it went to the first terrace, the be-
ginning of a long series of rolling hills or mesa. This terrace
is said also to contain fossils but none were secured. It is
probably much older than the outcrops on the bay. The moun-

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 247

tainous country to the east of this terrace is metamorphic, the
age not having been determined.

On the west side of the bay there is a chain of low volcanic
cones not over 300 feet high. Lava has spread outward from
these as far as the bay shore and on top of a broad shelf of this
there are other Pleistocene marine sediments but with a dif-
ferent set of fossils. Among those collected were some huge
Schizotherous clams, fully eight inches long.

The broad plain east of the bay was once occupied by great
numbers of deer and antelope but they have almost disappeared
on account of the activities of "sportsmen" from further north,
and hunters employed by mining companies to provide fresh
meat for their camps.

On July 21 we completed our work at San Ouintin Bay.
Messrs. Anthony, Slevin, Tose, Gallegos, Hinkley and I all
worked at collecting on the west side. A few insects were
found but no species was abundant. Coyotes, wood rats, and
rabbits were abundant, as well as several species of desert field
mice. One of the rarities collected was a very small species of
shrew. Birds were very scarce about the bush-covered hills,
Bell's sparrow being the dominant form. Mr. Slevin succeeding
in securing eight rattlesnakes for the collection, a few of them
being taken by other members of the party. There is no ques-
tion but experience in this as in other lines makes for efficiency.
He seemed to know just which brush thickets to explore and
with his little .22 caliber shot pistol he captured three other
species of snakes as well as a large number of lizards belonging
to five or more species.

Three species of land snails were very common among the
brush thickets on the west side, the most noticeable one being
the large Micrarionta stearnsiana here about to the southern
extremity of its range.

We left the bay at four p. m. and slowly made our way out
through the tortuous channel at the entrance. This is so diffi-
cult to follow that it would be dangerous for a boat much
larger than the Tecate or for a navigator unfamiliar with the
water.

During the night Mr. Barnhart took water and plankton
samples at regular intervals on the way to Cedros Island. I

248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

relieved him at five a. m. At one place a peculiar temperature
condition was found ; this dropped about five degrees in a dis-
tance of eight miles and rose suddenly on the opposite side.
This was interpreted to mean a submarine obstruction to the
free flow of currents and a consequent "up-welling" of the
colder waters from below.

At eight a. m. of July 22 we were in sight of Cedros Island
and the east shore was followed southward. The sea was with-
out a ripple and as we cruised close in shore we were able to
note some of the interesting features of this remarkable island.
Near the north end we passed the site of a copper and gold
mine, abandoned long ago. It was visited later and notes were
made of surroundings.

Nearly every slightly elevated rocky pinnacle or promontory
along the shore was occupied by a pair of ospreys with their
nest. In some of these young birds could be seen, almost as
large as their parents.

About halfway between the north end and the Grand Caiion
in the center of the island, a crosswise fault extends northwest.
On the south side of this break what appeared to be Tertiary
sediments had been elevated about 200 feet above the sea. This
deposit extends southward about two miles and is lost beneath
the sea due to another fault. This elevation is entirely distinct
from another which has lifted the greater part of the east side
of the island out of the water about 20 feet. The old beach
line was plainly seen from the ship.

At noon we landed near the south end of the island where
Bernstein Brothers of San Quintin and San Diego have an
abalone packing plant. They have two outlying collecting
camps with two divers each and enough of these fine mollusks
are obtained to keep 14 shore men employed.

The plant consisted of boiler, cooking vats, and wire drying
frames. Canning machinery and a dock were in course of in-
stallation. They had a large launch which made regular runs
to San Diego and two smaller ones to attend the collecting
camps.

The abalones were brought in in the shell and consisted
chiefly of the species, Haliottis corrugata. The meats were
cooked three times in boiling water at intervals of a week or

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 249

two. Between times they were dried in the sun on the wire
netting, the entire process taking about six weeks.

The meat when dry is hard as a piece of untanned leather
and is brown in color but it has a very agreeable flavor. The
product is shipped to China and Hawaii, some of the shells
going elsewhere to various markets. It was stated by the
Superintendent, Mr. Charles Bernstein, that five tons of fresh
meat made one ton dried.

In the afternoon all of the party went ashore for collecting.
Most of us followed the pipe line inland about two miles and
thence another mile to a large spring. Here a permanent sup-
ply of very good water is had. At the source a very consid-
erable area is grown up with rank water vegetation and no
doubt the accumulation of this through years has retarded the
flow of water somewhat. If it were cleaned out probably a
sufficient supply could be had for much greater industrial needs
or even a limited amount of irrigation.

Tracks of deer and goats were abundant about the spring
and a few small trees cast a most welcome shade. Birds were
excessively scarce and so wild as to be almost unobtainable.
Some rather interesting insects were found, among others be-
ing a huge dragonfly four inches long. Numerous land shells
peculiar to Cedros Island were picked from certain desert
plants. They were hibernating in closely-sealed shells. In the
spring, large numbers of a minute freshwater gastropod were
found, probably belonging to the genus Paludestrina. Also
there and in the stream leading to the pipe line entrance, Mr.
Slevin collected numerous specimens of a small frog.

Here we made our first acquaintance with that strange mon-
strosity, the elephant tree of Cedros. It grows very close to the
ground, the highest being not more than about 12 feet tall. At
the base many of them were fully two feet in diameter and the
thick club-shaped limbs taper rapidly to nothing. The trees
had shed their leaves but were in full bloom, each one a gor-
geous mass of beautiful pink.

We made a much more extended stay on Cedros on our re-
turn and detailed observations will be left until we come to
that. But that evening Mr. Anthony and I put out many traps
hoping to catch a very small pocket gopher which I saw during

250 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

the afternoon. Our attempt was futile, but we did capture a
lizard in our trap which Mr. Slevin stated had not previously
been taken on Cedros. Strange to say, he did not get another
specimen.

At seven a. m. of July 23 we sailed for Magdalena Bay, far
to the southward. Between Natividad Island and the peninsula
great numbers of cormorants were flying from east to west in
long flocks. For half an hour they passed at a rate conserva-
tively estimated at 100 per minute.

Many petrels and shearwaters were seen but no albatrosses
cared to follow us south of Cedros Island. During the day
we sailed for hours through loose flocks of red phalaropes.
They were evidently southward bound but found time to en-
gage busily in catching minute animal life from the surface of
the sea for food.

On July 24 we had four hours' delay out at sea due to engine
trouble, but our engineer seemed to be able to apply the proper
remedy and we continued later to Magdalena Bay, arriving
after nightfall. During our stop at sea a collection of surface
dwelling organisms was secured with a dip net. Among the
interesting forms thus secured were several larval fishes;
among them we were able to identify pipe fishes, flying fishes,
and the bonito or skipjack of the mackerel family. Some of
these were barely out of the egg and they offer a possible clue
to the breeding area of the tuna for which the naturalists of
the U. S. S. Albatross searched in vain for several years.

We passed Cape San Lazaro as the sun settled behind a
bank of clouds on the western horizon leaving the brilliantly
shining stars to light a tranquil sea. The atmosphere, the
water, everything about us told us in unmistakable terms that
we were approaching the tropics.

As we entered the bay we passed close to Sail Rock, a target
for the U. S. Navy in other days, and at nine-thirty p. m. we
anchored in front of the village of Magdalena.

During the trip down from Cedros Island whales were
sighted only twice. The scarcity of these cetaceans was a
surprise because it was in these waters that much of the pelagic
whale industry was concentrated during the early part of the
19th century.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 251

Swordfish and tuna were common on the way down and we
caught a few bonito and skipjack on the gig. Some of the
bonito contained ripe eggs indicating that the spawning season
was at hand.

Man-o-war birds, Heermann's gulls, elegant terns and brown
pelicans came to meet us when we were about 15 miles out
from the bay. In the late evening red phalaropes settled abun-
dantly on the water ; some of them still retained the red plum-
age of the breeding season. A black-footed albatross sailed
past us in the afternoon and after one look departed in disgust.
Least, Soccoro, black and Kaeding's petrels were common all
day, their lazy but tireless flight often being the only sign of
life on a glassy sea.

In the morning of July 25 Messrs. Tose and Hinkley went
south from the village along the bay shore and by noon had
collected about 20 birds.

Mr. Anthony and I went north to a mangrove swamp where
four hours were spent in the almost impenetrable tangle, often
up to the waist in mud and water. In this we succeeded in
securing three specimens of the rare mangrove warbler but
did not get one of the rails which we could hear from time to
time. It is said that these birds blend into their surroundings
so perfectly that it is only by long experience that the collector
is able to secure them with regularity.

Mr. Slevin worked north of the village and took about 70
lizards and two snakes.

Magdalena Bay is so large that the eastern shore cannot be
seen from the village on the west side. North and south there
is inland water for about 100 miles, much of it shoal but the
anchoring ground is large and safe. There are a great many
sand and mud flats and lagoons lined with mangroves and
coarse grasses. In these lagoons there were formerly great
numbers of turtles and their bones and shells still line the
beaches. California gray whales used to visit the lagoons but
the species now appears virtually extinct. Porpoises, however,
were often seen in the bay waters.

The village of Magdalena consists of several frame houses
and concrete warehouses. It was established as a concession
granted to a colonization company, not now in existence. The

252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser,

chief source of revenue was the lichen called "Orchilla." This
grows luxuriantly on cactus and other desert plants of the
region and was shipped to Germany for use in dye manufac-
ture until chemists working with coal tar derivatives obtained
better colors. Boats seldom call at the village any more. A
company of marines located here had just completed the erec-
tion of a radio station.

Water has to be brought by boat from the east side of the
bay, there being none near where the village is located. The
important commodity sells for 50 cents per barrel.

On July 26 Mr. Anthony and I again visited the mangrove
swamp and succeeded in securing seven more mangrove war-
blers. Also three Xantus' jays were taken; this is likewise a
rare species in ornithological collections. I was surprised to
find numerous living specimens of a huge Littorina adhering
to the semisubmerged roots of the mangrove.

We walked across the sand dunes to the ocean beach to the
westward where a considerable number of marine mollusks
was collected. This seemed to be a favorite place for the cap-
ture of turtles by the people of Magdalena. We counted 65
shells of those recently killed. The sex of at least 40 could
be determined and they were all found to be females. It is
said the turtles are killed with harpoons as they approach
the sand beaches to lay their eggs.

Mr. Slevin continued to add largely to the collection of
reptiles, the most important being three specimens of a lizard
called "whip-tail." He took four on the previous day; only
one had been known previously.

Other members of the party were variously engaged; Sr.
Gallegos continued to add to his collection of insects and
plants ; and Messrs. Tose and Hinkley worked with the birds
continuously.

On the morning of July 27 Mr. Anthony brought in all of
the traps which had been placed out at this place. Very few
specimens of mammals were taken and they were chiefly rats
of the genus Neotoma and desert mice belonging to Pero-
myscus and Perognathus.

I spent the morning collecting fossil shells from a large de-
posit which is exposed to an elevation of 20 feet above the bay

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND £53

immediately north of the village a few rods. Here in a soft
uiiConsolidated sand were great numbers of shells, many species
being rare in collections. The age of the deposit is Pleistocene
and it represents an elevated beach line similar to what has
already been described at San Quintin and Cedros Island.
Prior to this late elevation the land on which the village stands
was an island and Magdalena Bay had a broad entrance to
the northward. This permitted free entrance of ocean water
and with it ocean-dwelling species of animals. With the eleva-
tion of the land the north entrance was closed but the lagoon
extending far to the northward inside the belt of seashore
sand dunes is a remnant of it. It is said that this lagoon is
connected with the sea to the northward thus in fact leaving
Magdalena an island at present although it is more like a pen-
insula. The mountains back of the village are metamorphic
and igneous and therefore have been above the sea for a long
period of time. During the Pleistocene at least, the range was
an island, far removed from other high land, and even now
partakes of the characters of an island. Therefore, it would
be expected that sedentary animals such as mammals and in-
sects, and also the plants, would have been modified by isola-
tion and have become separate species or subspecies. This
appears to be true in many cases.

We left the anchorage at Magdalena at noon of July 27 and
went to the village located on Santa Margarita Island 20 miles
to the southward. To get there we had to pass through a
rather difficult channel, the southern half of the bay being
much shallower than the northern.

Santa Margarita Island occupies the same position with
reference to Magdalena Bay as the San Francisco Peninsula
does to San Francisco Bay. The island has been subjected to
the same elevation of Pleistocene sediments around the shore
lines as has been described for other places. It is divided into
two parts both the northern and southern being mountainous
and composed of metamorphic or igneous rocks. The low pass
two miles long, north and south, connecting the two parts, is
level and on the western side is fringed by a belt of enormous
sand dunes. Near the center of the isthmus country there is a
zone of sedimentary rocks chiefly thinly bedded but hard sand-

254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Stones. No fossils could be found in them but they had the
appearance of being pre-tertiary on account of the alteration
which has taken place. The strata dip to the westward about
80° and strike about northeast-southwest.

A great deal of magnesite has been collected about the lower
slopes of the mountains of both sections of the island. Com-
paratively large quantities have been shipped out and some
trucks and other machinery were still on hand. It was under-
stood that under the laws of Mexico the concession under
which the deposit had been exploited had been automatically
cancelled not long before our arrival. The manner of forma-
tion of the magnesite is an interesting problem, a solution
of which was not evident from my brief study. The mineral
seemed to be fairly pure and occurred chiefly as loose chunks
or nodules having mammillary structure, as though deposited
from mineral springs.

Here at Santa Margarita was a well equipped plant for the
manufacture of oil and meal from fish. It was idle at the
time but in good condition. Apparently some difficulties had
arisen in regard to the collection of the fish for working up.
It was said that a small species resembling an anchovy was the
chief raw material and no difficulty had been encountered in
securing a sufficient supply by the use of a 200-foot seine on
the neighboring beaches. By this method many other species
were secured; particularly abundant were several species of
sharks.

Near the wharf there was a building which had been put up
for use as a turtle cannery. It had a concrete floor and was
used as a habitation at the time of our visit. Much of the
machinery was still in place. We were infomied that the orig-
inal concession had been granted many years previously to a
man named O. Sandaval but no attempt at operation had been
made for 15 or more years.

The ship was tied up to the dock here and most of us went
ashore. Mr. Anthony and I put out some traps and collected
a few desirable birds. We also found a snake (a black racer)
which Mr. Slevin considered very desirable. I found many
excellent specimens of a species of land shell (Bulimulus) re-
lated to a form which lives in the Cape Region farther south

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 255

on the peninsula. Mr. Hinkley secured a specimen of the
endemic and greatly desired jack rabbit. Mr. Slevin secured
all previously recorded species of reptiles except a rattlesnake.

This seemed like a very excellent collecting station and we
regretted that we could not spend a week or a month in the
vicinity. Across the bay to the eastward the great and intri-
cate mangrove swamps and islands invite the naturalist most
enticingly. Mr. Barnhart found a strange water temperature
condition in Magdalena Bay. Where we anchored at Magda-
lena it was 64°F. Farther out and closer to the entrance it was
68°. Outside it was 74° and at Margarita it was 71°. Why
is the water so cold in the north part of the bay? We could
not suggest an answer.

On the morning of July 28 we found only four mammals
in the traps, two wood rats and two mice (Perognathus). I
shot two bats near the wharf in the early morning light as they
were flying along a low cliff near the fertilizer plant.

Mr. Slevin and I walked south into the mountains of the
south half of the island, thence to the "ranch" on the west side
of the isthmus, and back through the mountains of the north
half. Numerous interesting birds were taken some of which
belong to the fauna of the Cape Region. This appears to be the
extreme northern limit of distribution of this remarkable
fauna. Woodpeckers and cardinals, peculiar to the region
south were especially attractive. The former make their nest-
ing holes in the trunks of the giant cactus. The cardinal's
song did not appear to differ from that of the familiar bird
of the middle west although this one is a different species.

Among the reptiles collected there were several specimens of
a desert iguana which is an excessively rapid runner. In action
the tail is folded upward, the front legs placed close beside the
body and the hind legs only are used.

Messrs. Anthony, Tose and Hinkley secured some more
desirable birds and another jack rabbit. Insects were very
scarce but we secured a few species.

The climate at Magdalena is very uniform throughout the
year. The nights are cool, the days hot. A breeze usually
blows on the water in the afternoon but inland that part of the
day is uncomfortably warm. Rain seldom falls, sometimes

256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

only at intervals of years. Far to the eastward over the Gulf
of California, black clouds with flashes of lightning were
plainly visible at night.

At the so-called "ranch" one family lived in a shed with
brush roof, no walls, doors or stove. They had a small patch
cleared of brush where watermelons, tomatoes, and date palms
were growing with practically no attention. Water was avail-
able at about 15 feet depth and was used for household pur-
poses but we found it to be too salty to satisfy our thirsts.
The ranch is in a valley of about 10 square miles densely
grown with brush, small trees and giant cactus. Undoubtedly
there is fairly fresh water at a moderate depth over the entire
area. It would seem that farming could be more extensively
prosecuted if there was a market for the product.

July 29 proved to be an excellent day for collecting. Messrs.
Cuesta-Terron, Slevin, Gallegos, Tose, Barnhart, Hinkley,
Anthony, Captain Angulo and I went across the isthmus to
the ranch, the Captain being the pilot of one of the auto trucks
left behind by the magnesite company. He proved his ability
as a navigator on land as well as on the sea.

Considerable time was spent in the giant cactus forest
where we found ripe fruit as large as a medium sized orange
and with a flavor similar to a raspberry. They were delicious
eating and were very effective in allaying the thirst the unini-
tiated always experiences in a hot desert afternoon.

Many birds were found in this forest, the most important
for us being the Cape Region species. The woodpeckers were
evidently very fond of the cactus fruit and many ospreys had
selected these strange trees for nesting sites. Some of the
bulky structures had become so heavy through years of addi-
tions that the trees had collapsed. ^^

The rank desert vegetation of the vicinity of the "ranch"
enabled us to secure some attractive insects, and two species of
land shells (Bulimulus and Micrarionta) were common. Mr.
Slevin made very important additions to the reptile collection,
one being a rattlesnake not previously known from this island.

Another specimen of the jack rabbit was taken, this making

"See figures in Nat. Gcog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, pp. 90, 91.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 257

the third for our party, and the Mexican naturalists have taken
one.

On the morning of July 30 we ran the line of traps at the
first break of day in hopes of getting to our specimens before
the ants, but we were unsuccessful. The voracious insects had
completely spoiled several otherwise valuable specimens ; all we
could do was to preserve them in alcohol. The ants are noc-
turnal in most of the places in which we have trapped this
season and an animal is no sooner caught than it is attacked.
In spite of this difficulty Santa Margarita Island furnished us
with several specimens of very rare desert mice.

It was with reluctance that we left this anchorage at nine
a. m. and started northward on the journey back to San Diego.

At one p. m. of July 31 we anchored behind the point of
land known as Abreojos (eyes open). On the way north we
followed the shore sufficiently close so that we would have
discovered any herd of elephant seals or other conspicuous
animals which might have been hauled out. It was in one of
the long bights of this shore line that Dr. C. H. Townsend col-
lected several elephant seals for the National Museum about
1888.

Messrs. Anthony, Gallegos, Slevin, Barnhart and I went
ashore for collecting, the landing being made at two shacks
used in other seasons by spiny lobster fishermen. Many turtle
bones, lobster carcasses and mollusks were drifted upon the
beach. I could not help but regret that equipment was not
available to dredge the ocean bottom because it was here that
Henry Hemphill had made a very extensive collection of shells
many years ago. Numerous species taken there by him have
not been found elsewhere.

The most conspicuous shells on the beach were the pismo
clam. It is prophesied that here will be an important fishery for
this mollusk at some future date.

A burro trail with fresh tracks led to the northeast to an-
other lobster camp toward San Ignacio lagoon.

Mr. Anthony stated that the plain back of this point is one
of the few remaining ranges of the pronghorn antelope. A
fairly fresh horn was picked up near the camp, so the species
is probably not yet exterminated.

258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

No land snails could be found in the limited time devoted
to the search.

An examination was made of the geological structure out-
cropping on the shore at the first point northeast of the usual
a.nchorage. Here for about 1000 feet there was an exposure
of hard sandstone and shale, dipping southwest at an angle of
about 15°. Above, and unconformably upon that series is an
even greater thickness of heavy conglomerate which weathers
slowly and forms rocky projecting reefs upon which grow the
great kelp gardens of the point. Above the conglomerate late
Pleistocene sediments rest with great angular unconformity.
The shells, however, were not well preserved. Fishes were ex-
ceedingly abundant about the point.

We arrived at Asuncion Island on August 1 at eleven a. m.
and the anchor had scarcely been dropped when some one of
the crew caught a "jewfish" weighing about 150 pounds. Later
one was taken which weighed nearly 400 pounds. Several
bonito were taken on the troll before we arrived.

Most of the party went ashore soon after arrival. Messrs.
Anthony, Cuesta-Terron and I examined all shores carefully
for fur seals but found none. At the same time I estimated
each group of California sea lions as we passed. The figures
of course were hurriedly arrived at but the total, males, fe-
males and young, was close to 4000 animals.'® To this, as an
integral part of this rookery, should be added about 1000,
subsequently found on Angulo Rock near by. All of the
beaches were lined with the animals and they kept up an inces-
sant roar with their barking. Harems seemed to contain from
15 to 18 cows and the young pups were learning to swim in
the tide pools. Many of the bulls were badly scarred from
fighting, a condition which would largely disappear if some of
the surplus males could be eliminated.

This species was found to be very abundant on most of the
favorable breeding grounds south of the Mexican Boundary.
There are likewise large rookeries off the coast of California.
Certainly the species has sufficiently recovered from its early
persecution for the surplus males to be taken for commercial
purposes. The skins arc large, uniform in thickness, and make

>« See figures in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, pp. 85, 86.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 259

excellent leather. The fat and flesh make an oil and animal
meal of a quality which is equal to, or better than, the average
derived from whales.

The manner in which the commercialization of such a species
can be undertaken without exposing it to unlimited slaughter is
a problem difficult indeed to solve. Permits or concessions
might be granted to private parties by Mexico and California,
limiting the catch to males only and the number to be specified
by proper authorities after investigation. While this method of
operation looks practicable at first glance it apparently never
works out to any other conclusion than the commercial exter-
mination of the species concerned. It has been tried repeatedly
in many different countries and has always failed to perpetuate
the species in the same abundance with which the work was
started.

Another plan of operation, often suggested and tried is to
permit unrestricted slaughter by all persons during an open
season. This likewise almost always fails in the perpetuation
of a marine species in its original abundance and there are
few successes with land animals. The reason is not hard to
find. When such slaughter begins large catches are made with
ease but as more people engage in the enterprise and the num-
ber of individuals of the species hunted becomes smaller, in-
creased efforts must be expended to get a profitable catch.
These efforts are of two classes ; ( 1 ) political activity such as
the securing of longer open seasons, and fewer restrictions,
bribing of enforcement officials, etc.; and (2) increased effi-
ciency of hunters.

One of the most difficult of all classes of beneficial legisla-
tion to secure is a measure to more adequately conserve or per-
petuate a wild species which is being commercially exploited.
Practically never are commercial interests willing to submit to
protective restrictions until the species with which they are
concerned is approaching industrial extinction.

Therefore, the time to provide and apply protective measures
is when the species is still abundant and not exploited.

In the case of the California sea lions I think absolute prohi-
bition of any slaughter whatsoever should be maintained by
Mexico in its territorial limits as well as on the high seas.

2^0 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The same should be done by California and the United States.
While this is in force a treaty should be made between the two
countries whereby no killing would ever be permitted except
on land and by duly authorized agents of the respective
governments.

In this manner the Fish and Game Commissions of the two
countries could develop a market for the amount of surplus
available and for that only. Revenues of course would pass to
the governments.

Objection to this method of operation is possible because it
may suggest certain doctrines of socialism, but it has been
tried and found successful, whereas no other method ever has
succeeded in conserving a species of marine mammal.

On Asuncion Island Mr. Slevin took 30 specimens of one
species of lizard; no others appear to live there. Land shells
were scarce and semifossilized ; no live ones were found. In-
sects also were very rare but we succeeded in finding six
species.

The island is a vast roosting place for birds, but few species
breed. Brandt's cormorant is the most abundant of the latter
and these form black, close, compact "islands" on the level
stretches of white sand. Each mass contains a thousand or
more birds. This close association seems to be for the purpose
of protection from the gulls because, ordinarily, these did not
molest the shags at all. But if we disturbed the "island" colony
at all, causing the parents to desert young or eggs, the gulls
flocked down in great numbers, breaking eggs and killing
young indiscriminately. After we learned this we endeavored
to cause as little disturbance in the island routine as possible.

The Brandt's cormorant builds its nest of marine algae and
the structures are low and filthy. The Farallon cormorant,
which is common on the higher land, builds its nest of sticks
and lines it with quill feathers. Some of the nests were built
in the low trampled bushes of the island; others were placed
in the open and raised to a height of three feet."

A few pairs of brown pelicans nest on the island, but it is
chiefly a roosting place for hundreds of thousands of these
birds.

" See figures in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, pp. 92. 93.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 261

The western gull nests in small numbers and there were
burrows of Cassin's auklet or some shearwater everywhere
where there was soil. These holes were unoccupied.

Both species of cormorants and the pelicans had fairly fresh
eggs, newly hatched young and young ready to fly, so the
nesting season must be greatly prolonged.

Frazer's oystercatchers and black turnstones were fairly
common and in the late evening a few Heermann's gulls
flew in.

The vicinity of Asuncion Island is wonderfully rich in ma-
rine life. A huge jelly fish, vivid magenta in color, and with
streamers 20 feet long was abundant. South of the island 20
miles there was a sudden lowering of the temperature of the
sea water to 61° F., 13° colder than outside Magdalena Bay.
The cold water probably accounts for the abundance of sea
life, at least in part.

A short distance northwest of Asuncion Island there is a
flat-topped rock 50 feet high on which we collected eight
species of beetles in less than an hour. The rock is very con-
spicuous as the island is approached from the south. Because
of the different species of insects from those found on Asun-
cion, a name for this rock is needed and we proposed to honor
it with the name of our congenial captain, Victor Angulo.

Geologically, Asuncion Island is composed almost entirely
of Jurassic Franciscan Chert, or a chert which is very similar
to this widespread and well known fomiation in California.
On the north side there appeared to be some metamorphism.
The island, like so many other places in the region, has been
subjected to a comparatively recent short submergence and
subsequent elevation to about 25 feet.

Traps were put out in the evening and next morning they
contained 14 specimens of Peromyscus.

On Aug^ist 2 we left Asuncion Island at six a. m. and went
ashore on San Roque Island at seven-thirty a. m. It is similar
in almost every way to Asuncion but is only about 65 feet high.
The steamer San Jose went on the rocks here in 1921 and there
was a great deal of wreckage strewn about. The hull was
firmly wedged between the rocks.

September 5, 1925

252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Brandt's cormorants were found in enormous numbers but
the only nests of the Farallon species were around the shores
on piles of driftwood. About 1,000 Heermann's gTills were
perched on one rock ; very few young were among them.

Several hair seals were seen in the water in the bight on the
south side of the island but all efforts to secure specimens failed.
Field mice were abundant but we took none during our short
stay. No land shells were found and only three species of
beetles were taken.

We left San Roque at eleven a. m. and anchored in the north
end of San Bartolome (Turtle) Bay at six p. m. Messrs.
Anthony, Tose, Slevin and I went ashore with a lantern after
dark. Traps were put out and in a bunch of sagebrush we
found a rattlesnake which Mr. Slevin promptly shot.

The low sea cliff at the landing consisted of sandstones dip-
ping to the westward. Several species of fossils were collected
which later showed the age of the rocks to be Pliocene.

Two Peromyscus were found in the traps next morning
(August 3) and we left San Bartolome Bay at six-thirty a. m.
It was an exceedingly attractive place to work but our mission
was insular and we could not stay.

At nine a. m. we went ashore on the south end of Natividad
Island, where the entire party worked all day.

This is another bird island par excellence. Gulls, shearwaters
and cormorants nest on the highest parts. Many pelicans were
seen resting but none seemed to nest. The Brandt's cormoranis
form "islands" on the level stretches near shore, while the Far-
allon species goes to the higher interior and builds nests as on
Asuncion Island.

Of land birds we saw only desert sparrows, ravens and duck
hawks. The latter nest on the island in very accessible places;
a person could walk directly to some of the nests.

The island is tunneled with the burrows of black-vented
shearwaters. About 40 of these burrows were excavated and
five birds were thus secured. One was a young of the year, the
others adult. Apparently the birds continued to visit their
burrows long after the nesting work was done. About eight
species of insects were secured. Dead land shells (Micrarionta)

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 263

were everywhere in abundance but not a live one could be
found. Mr. Slevin took two species of lizards.

Geologically the island is very old. Shales and sandstones in-
clined from 0° to 75°, extend from the south end northward at
least four miles. No fossils were found and the age was not
definitely determinable but the sediments are certainly older
than Tertiary. The island has been subjected to a recent sub-
mergence down to at least 100 feet. It was then elevated before
any considerable quantity of sediment could accumulate.

Six species of cactus were seen, the most conspicuous being
the long shafts of the group commonly called giant cactus.
Shrubbery was very scarce but there was abundant evidence
to show that when there is rain a quick and luxuriant growth
of succulent plants follows quickly. All were dead and parched
when we were there.

On August 4 the traps on Natividad Island were found to
contain 1 1 Peromyscus. Many of the traps had been sprung by
ravens and gulls. Those most successful were set about some
bushes which contained very filthy cormorants' nests; there
were numerous mouse-burrows under the nests. Some speci-
mens were also taken in the traps set in shearwater burrows,
these seemingly forming a haven for mice and lizards as well
as birds.

We left Natividad Island soon after daylight and arrived
again at Bernstein's abalone plant on Cedros Island at nine
a. m. Everyone was glad to get ashore here for various rea-
sons, chiefly because of the abundance of freshwater. The
party divided in various directions.

Mr. Slevin and I visited the spring from which the water
supply is derived and secured more detailed observations on
this little oasis. It is situated on the crest of a ridge between
2,000 and 3,000 feet high and an area of two or three acres
is overgrown with rank vegetation. Cedar trees and elephant
trees grow around the margin and some of the grass is 10
feet high. Many strange plants and insects were collected.
Birds were not common and were excessively wild. Where the
water first flows out it is delicious but as it flows down the
canon to the reservoir intake of the pipe line it passes through
a mineralized belt and takes up a considerable amount of this.

254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

If the pipe were extended to the spring itself a much larger
and better supply of water would be obtained. (See pi. 18,
%.2.)

Our complete line of traps put out late in the evening did not
contain a single mammal on the morning of August 5. Signs
of Perognathus were abundant but the animals consistently
avoided any bait we offered. We went after them with pick
and shovel on the 5th and succeeded in capturing one.

In the afternoon I put some traps out in a cafion about two
miles above the camp where the only sign of woodrats had been
found on this end of the island. In setting the line I found a
rattlesnake in a hole under a bank and Mr. Slevin came to my
aid with his trusty pistol. It turned out to be Crotalus exsul
the type locality of which is Cedros Island.

A good series of fossils from the Pliocene beds south of the
camp was obtained during the day.

On August 6 we found our traps had caught one woodrat
and three Peromyscus. One more of the latter was taken dur-
ing the day. Messrs. Tose and Hinkley visited the spring and
secured several birds. They also took one cottontail rabbit, a
few of which had previously been taken there by some of us.

Mr. Slevin and I went almost to the top of Mt. Cedros north-
west of the camp. Stunted cedars are scattered over the upper
1 ,000 feet of the mountain and cactus was common there. No
deer were seen but we came across a small herd of goats. For
some reason these animals have not increased as they did on
Guadalupe. The elephant trees grow to the very top of the
island and some of them, long cut away, indicated a trail. The
bark of the tree is white or buff and peels off like a paper
birch. The outer layer is very thin ; this is followed by a green
layer, also very thin; and that in turn by a pulpy part about
one inch thick. When the bark is punctured a thick, sticky,
cream-like liquid exudes in considerable quantities at the season
of our visit. (See pi. 19, fig. 1.)

In the early morning of August 7 the ship was moved to the
mouth of Grand Canon, about the middle of the eastern shore
and collections were made throughout the day.

Three male deer were shot and carried to the beach. The
animals are here very common, tame and unafraid. One was

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 265

taken with the .22 cahber rifle. Trails were well beaten from
the shore to the highest point.

In this valley there are some fine groves of elephant trees,
the largest seen thus far. The cedars are found from a little
above sea level to the top of the mountains but they are small
and stunted. No trees comparable to those 12 inches in diame-
ter at Bernstein's spring, were found.

Messrs. Slevin, Anthony, the Chief Engineer of the Tecate
and I went to the top of the Pine Ridge on the north side
of the canon. This was photographed by Dr. Townsend'^ from
the bottom of the caiion and the pine trees standing soldier-like
on the rim were mistaken for "cedars." (See pi. 18, fig. 1.)
He mentioned "one spring" in the canon but every branch
canon we explored had one or more. In some there was water
in considerable amount but no place was the vegetation as rank
as about the one from which Messrs. Bernstein get their water.
Above one spring there were the stone walls of an old cabin,
long ago abandoned. Some assayer's supplies near by indi-
cated that it may have been a camp of a prospecting party.

On the morning of August 8 our traps contained only one
woodrat, two Peromyscus and one Perognathus. Captain An-
gulo, the Chief Engineer and I went up the canon again in
search of deer and succeeded in getting a female for the collec-
tion. This species of deer is found only on Cedros Island and
was reported extinct at one time. There were no specimens
of it in any western museum prior to our visit, so, in view of
the abundance of the species, we felt justified in taking four.
The doe taken today was prepared for the National Museum
of Mexico.

In view of the fact that the Cedros Island deer has been
reduced in numbers, at least once, to the verge of extinction
through the activities of hunters and the likelihood of the
same being rei>eated whenever people in large numbers visit
that region, the Mexican naturalists on the expedition, Messrs.
Cuesta-Terron and Gallegos, determined to make recommenda-
tions to their government for some means of protection of the
species. Accordingly, upon their return, the situation was ex-
plained to the Secretary of Agriculture and Public Works and

18 Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 35, 1916, p. 411, fig. 9.

256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

on May 28, 1923, the killing of this deer was prohibited from
June 1, 1923, to May 31, 1928, through the issuance of a
proclamation by the President of Mexico.

Since this action was taken as a direct result of investiga-
tions made by this expedition, the text of the proclamation is
herewith quoted in full, the translation into English from the
Spanish having been made by Miss M. E. McLellan of the
California Academy of Sciences.

SUBJECT

PROCLAMATION PROHIBITING THE KILLING OF CEDROS ISLAND DEER

Alvaro Obregon, Constitutional President of the United States of
Mexico, considering that, owing to the excessive hunting of the deer
(Odocoilcus cerroensis \^cerrosensis']), the species has greatly diminished
on the island of Cedros, situated on the western coast of Lower Cali-
fornia, of which reproduction is necessary in order that it does not become
extinct, in exercising the power which is conceded to me in clause I of
article 89 of the Federal Constitution, and with a basis of the articles 51
in the clause III of the law of the first of October of 1894 and 50 of the
law of the twenty-first of December of 1909, I have held well to promul-
gate the following

REGULATING ORDINANCES WHICH ESTABLISH THE PROHIBITION OF
THE HUNTING OF THE Yi'EER (ODOCOILEUS CERROENSIS [CERROSENSIS])
ON THE ISLAND OF CEDROS.

Article 1. — It is prohibited for five years, beginning with the first day
of June next, to hunt, capture, kill, or injure in any way whatever the
deer (Odocoilcus cerroensis Icerroscnsisl) on the island of Cedros, sit-
uated on the western coast of Lower California.

Article 2. — The prohibition includes the distribution or sale of the prod-
ucts originating in the animals referred to in the preceding article.

Article 3. — It will be considered as proof of the infraction of the fore-
going article, the use of anything that alters the products of the deer,
change of name, or the employment of any other means of deceit.

Article 4. — The violation of the preceding ordinances will be punished
by a fine from $50.00 to $500.00, which not being paid, will be commuted
to fifteen days imprisonment, and which will be imposed by the Bureau of
Agriculture and Public Works or its Agent Generals.

Article 5. — The repetition will be punished by the penalty which, depend-
ing upon circumstances, should have been imposed for the last offence
committed, with an addition to the fine :

1. — To one sixth part, if the offence shall be less than the former.

2. — To a quarter part, if both shall be of equal gravity.

3. — To one third part, if the last shall be more serious than the pre-
ceding.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 267

4.— If the former fine shall have been remitted or the repetition shall

not be the first, the amount may be double of that related to tne

previous infractions.

Article 6. — The act shall be considered a repetition when the culprit

has been condemned on a former occasion for an offense of the same kind

within the six months previous to the last.

Article 7. — For the imposition of the penalty, there will be considered
as accomplices all the persons who by whatsoever means participate in the
infractions of the ordinances contained in articles 1 to 3.

Article 8.— Because the Agent Generals of the Bureau of Agriculture
and Public Works, imposes the penalties which are mentioned in the pre-
ceding articles, they will draw up the related report and transmit a copy
of it to the said Bureau.

Article 9. — The fines which are imposed in accordance with the regula-
tions contained in the foregoing articles, will be made effective for the
management of the Federal Tax Office, exercising, on its part, the eco-
nomic-co-operative power determined by the Fiscal Law.

Article 10. — In all cases of the imposition of penalties, the animals cap-
tured or killed shall be seized, also the weapons, ammunition, and hunting
equipment which are found in the possession of the offenders.

Article 11.— If the animals seized be alive, they shall be returned to the
place in which they were taken, and if they be dead, they shall be suitably
disposed of. The weapons, ammunition, and equipment seized shall be
disposed of by the said Federal Tax Office, except in the cases in which
the Bureau of Agriculture and Public Works decides to use them.

Given in the palace of the Executive Federal Power in Mexico, on the
seventeenth day of the month of May of one thousand nine hundred and
twenty-three.— THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF MEXICO, A. OBREGON.— Published and exe-
cuted.—THE UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND PUB-
LIC WORKS, COMMISSIONER OF THE BUREAU, R. F. DE
NEGRI.— Seal.

After lunch the ship was moved to the north end of the
island where an extensive mining- camp was once located.
Three old buildings and the remnants of a wharf were still
standing near the beach although they had not been utilized
for about 25 years. Several burros greeted us upon our arrival.
They apparently still had memories of their human associations.

Messrs. Tose and Hinkley worked up the caiion toward the
old mine and, with the exercise of the greatest care succeded
in getting only one bird, a Say's flycatcher. This is a fair
commentary on the scarcity and wildness of the birds of Cedros.
There must be a reason for this situation but, try as we would,
we could not learn what it was.

258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Fishes were excessively abundant and several large jewfish
were hooked at the anchorage.^® Sardines formed a zone for
half a mile out to sea. Mr. Anthony saw schools of yellow-
tailed tuna 100 yards wide and half a mile long, and inshore
numerous small "halibut" were caught "jumping" from the
water. Out in a boat over the rocks and kelp gardens it was
bewildering to watch the constant struggle for existence among
the living things. When a tuna or barracuda entered the shoals
of smaller fishes pandemonium reigned for several minutes.
The sardines are preyed upon from below by many fishes and
above by the birds. Their existence must be one adventure
after another.

From the observations thus far made it appears that the
greater part of Cedros Island is composed largely of Jurassic
sediments — Franciscan cherts, sandstones, and in one place in
Grand Cafion, conglomerate. Much alteration and metamor-
phism has taken place and from the excessive amount of frac-
turing it appears to be on or near a fault zone. At the south-
western corner of the island there has been some volcanism
and at the north end the land is e^reatlv disturbed with intru-
sions of serpentine. On the eastern side there are Pliocene
sediments at one and probably two points.

On August 9 Messrs. Anthony, Slevin and I went up a
cafion south of the landing to the top of Gill Peak, thence
north down the mountain side through a pine forest to the old
mine. From the top of the mountain we could see the western
shore of the island with its extensive outlying kelp beds. This
was the habitat of numerous sea otters about 100 years ago
but if any are left they are very scarce. We saw none nor did
we hear any reports of any. Except for the work we did later
on the southwest side of the island the western shore is unex-
plored, biologically.

Extensive operations have been undertaken at the old mine.
About 20 buildings and much of the machinery remain on the
ground. The ore is a white rock said to have been rather rich
in copper and gold. Large quantities were shipped from the
mine to San Diego for smelting but this form of operation did
not pay. We could not investigate the underground workings

i»See Nat. Geog. Mag., \'ol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923. p. 83.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 269

because of caving at the entrance. The ore on the dump was
leached and the stream bed below was blue green in color.
In operation the ore was hauled in carts down the steep canon
bottom to the wharf. A cobblestone road was built in the creek
bed at great expense but it has almost completely washed out.
Pipe lines are mostly rusted out and the entire plant is in an
advanced state of decay. A visit to such a place makes one sad
to think of the great amount of toil and money used and hard-
ship endured for naught. It is a graveyard of human effort.

Messrs. Tose and Hinkley saw four more deer during the
day but did not take any of them. On our trip to Gill Peak
we saw only abundant signs of the animals. During this entire
trip of about seven hours' duration we saw four land birds and
four only. These were three wrens and a shrike.

Late in the evening Mr. Anthony and I visited the sea-lion
rookery at the north end and estimated the number of animals
at approximately 1000. Harems had completely broken up
and the herd was hauled on the beaches away from the rookery
ground. We wanted to be sure no fur seals had hauled out
here near the sea lions. On the way back we were greatly im-
pressed by the inconceivable numbers of fishes in these clear
waters.

On the morning of August 10 Messrs. Tose and Hinkley
returned to the ship after a cold night spent sleeping in the
hills. They wanted to be out late in the evening and at daylight
in the morning in hopes of securing specimens which otherwise
are unobtainable, particularly birds, but little success attended
their commendable efforts. They did bring back another male
deer.

At seven-thirty a. m. we left the mine anchorage and re-
turned again to Bernstein's camp. His launch, the Marian,
had been there the day before and left supplies for the Tecate.
At anchor we found the auxiliary schooner, Gipsy Girl, from
San Pedro, California, with Captain Farnsworth, Mr. Peabody
and Dr. Spencer on board.

We left the anchorage the same day and stopped for the
night at the west end of South Bay, too late to explore much.

270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Traps were put out, however, and next morning, August 11,
they contained six Peromyscus and one Perognathus. At six
a. m. we sailed around the southwest corner of Cedros to the
abalone collecting station maintained by Bernstein Brothers.
The station is on the southwest peninsula in the protection of
some off shore projections called "Red Rocks."

Messrs. Tose, Hinkley and Slevin went ashore collecting at
eight a. m. After tramping all day and until five p. m. that
evening, the ornithologists came back with the news that they
had found a skull of an elephant seal on the beach. This was
an interesting record as it showed something of the former
distribution of the species. After nine hours of search the same
men saw only one land bird, a wren. Mr. Slevin took 57
lizards representing only two sj^jecies. Messrs. Cuesta-Terron,
Gonzales, Angulo, Anthony and I visited the abalone divers at
work in the kelp and examined the red rocks at close range.
The outer one had 50, the inner 250 California sea lions, but
no fur seals. Both islands are low and the surf breaks over
them in storms.

One of the men at the camp had killed a female deer that
morning and he gave us the skin and skull. He also gave us
two other skins, a pair of fine buck horns and a good skull of
a porpoise.

We ate lunch on shore at the camp and at two p. m. I went
down in one of the diver's outfits in 24 feet of water. It was
the most marvelous sight I have ever seen. The sensation ex-
perienced of mioving about among the fishes, the star fishes,
the anemones and the giant swaying fronds of seaweed is inde-
scribable. Purple coraline algae covers much of the rocky bot-
tom at this point and against it as a background the golden
garibaldis looked like gems. Many other fishes swam about
and inspected me from all angles. It was rather disconcerting
to have them stare into the helmet at me. Abalones were very
common but they carried so many other things about, growing
commensually on their shells, that they were difficult to see at
first. The diver in operation prys them loose with a bar and
puts them in an iron basket to be hauled to the surface. These
men stay down for four hours at a time but I found it very
fatiguing after a few minutes.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 271

The country in the vicinity of this camp is exceedingly
barren and dry.^" There is very little vegetation of any kind.
One of the men told us there was a third giant cactus tree on
the west side of Cedros Mountain in addition to the two found
by Mr. Slevin and me on the south side. This may be of in-
terest to botanists because the species would very likely be over-
looked on casual inspection of the island, yet it is a definite
resident. The two individuals we examined were about 1 5 feet
high.

During our stay on Cedros Island we did not see any of the
do2:s which are said to have g-one wild on the island. Cats are
said also to be found in the hills, and the people at Bernstein's
main camp had a gentle young kitten which they said had come
to them two months previously.

At seven a. m. of August 12 we left the abalone station
at Red Rocks after taking up the traps and the six wild mice
they contained. The ship was taken to the harbor on West
Benito Island, where we went ashore at nine-thirty a. m.
Messrs. Cuesta-Terron, Anthony and I spent the rest of the
forenoon surv^eying the shores for fur seals but we found none.
It has been reported that these animals may have been on the
San Benito Islands since they were exterminated on Guadalupe.
Mr. Rufus A. Coleman, a member of the California Academy
of Sciences, visited West Benito in 1916 with the steamer
Albatross and saw some animals which he thought possibly
may have been fur seals. We found only about 150 California
sea lions on the rookery ground.

On the beach opposite the landing we found many bones of
elephant seals and four fairly good skulls were saved. Our
cook on the Tecatc stated that he was on West Benito six
months in 1918 in a lobster camp and saw two elephant seals
on the same beach. About the same time six were found on the
southeast corner of East Benito, one of which he shot. The
islands were probably used only for a hauling ground and the
presence of these remains here, on Cedros Island, and the ani-
mals found in 1888 at San Cristobal Bay, may furnish a clue
as to the migration of the species from Guadalupe. Miss M. E.
McLellan has called attention to the belief of some naturalists^^

'" See figure in Nat. Geog. Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 90.
" See Anthony, Journ. Mammalogy, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1924, p. 149.

272 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

that the elephant seal of Chile and Guadalupe are one and the
same species. While statements of Harris and Rothschild^^
cannot as yet be definitely disproved it is doubtful if the north-
ern animal can cross the equator twice each year and still be
where the records show it to have been on certain dates. The
two groups may be the same species but I doubt if they are
part of the same herd and if they ever associate together.

The afternoon of August 12 was spent in general collecting.
Least, black and Soccoro petrels were taken from burrows and
in rock slides. (See pi. 17, fig. 3.) Some fresh eggs were found.
A specimen of McGregor's house finch, confined to the San
Benitos, was one of the very desirable species of birds taken.
San Benito sparrows were common.

Land shells ( Micrarionta pandorcs) were living in abundance
in the rock slides and a sufficient number was taken to study
the excessive variation of the species.

House cats have gone wild on this island as on most of the
others visited.

On West Benito there was a camp for the collection and dry-
ing of abalones ; it was owned by a Japanese who had a con-
cession for the work. Large quantities of "meats" were on the
frames drying and the methods employed were essentially the
same as those already described. All fuel and freshwater has to
be brought from San Diego as there is none of either on the
San Benitos."

No signs of mice or rats were seen on West Benito Island
but lizards belonging to one species were common.

In the early morning light of August 13 Messrs. Slevin,
Anthony and I rowed to Middle Benito Island for two hours'
collecting. No land shells were found but many desirable beetles
were collected. San Benito sparrows and a duck hawk were
collected. Least, Socorro and black petrels and western
gulls nest on the island. Cats are apparently very abundant if
we may judge by the remains of petrels about the burrows. A
great many elephant seals and sea lions have been killed on the

^^ Rothschild, Notes on Sea Elephants (Novitates Zoologicse, Vol. 17, 1910, pp. 445.
446).

^ See figure in Nat. Geog. Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, p. 94.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 27Z

island in the past; their bones were abundant. Many bones
of whales also were seen.

No mice or rats were found on the island but there were
small lizards belonging- to the genus Uta.

After breakfast the ship was moved to East Benito and 4 J/2
hours were spent in shore collecting. Land shells of the Micra-
rionta group were abundant and I found another species be-
longing to the family Pupillidse not previously known from the
islands. It was found only in one rock pile on the east side
of the island.

San Benito sparrows were collected and I took a mummi-
fied hermit thrush from the thorns of a "cholla." One house
finch was seen. That species is now practicaly extinct and it is
somewhat doubtful if any other field collector will ever see it
alive. If the absence of the birds was due to migration then
the distinctness of the form might well be questioned. Pelicans
nest on the east side of the island and Brandt's cormorants on
the west.

About 1,000 California sea lions were found on the east side
in the "fiords." Mr. Slevin took lizards belonging to the genus
Uta on this island. On East Benito Island I had the interesting
experience of being stung on the knee by a scorpion, and thus
an opportunity was afforded to test the "deadliness" of this
arachnid. The sensation was about that of being stung by a
honey bee but the pain did not last as long. A slight but tem-
porary swelling resulted and the spot was red for perhaps a
week. An hour after the sting the wound would never have
been noticed except for a slight itching which was noticeable
for fully a month afterwards.

There is some evidence of house mice on East Benito ; many
small land shells were broken open in a manner similar to those
on Guadalupe, the work there having been attributed to the
mice. Cats were also abundant on East Benito and they were
wreaking havoc among the petrels.

The three San Benito Islands are small and close together
in an east- west line. The westernmost one is about 661 feet
high and is composed largely of Franciscan chert of Jurassic
age, beautifully contorted and laminated. There has been some

274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

metamorphism of the sediments on the south side.^* The Mid-
dle Island, the smallest of the three, is composed entirely of
chert. East Benito is high and rugged and largely metamor-
phic. Schist, marble and quartz are abundant rocks. Only the
tops of the three conspicuous hills disclose the Franciscan chert
formation. All of the islands show the Pleistocene submer-
gence and subsequent uplift. They were not down long because
the sediments deposited are very superficial. The eastern island
seems to have been down the shortest time and the fiord forma-
tion of the shore line indicates that it was not elevated to the
original level again.

Most of the available shore lines of the islands were occu-
pied by California sea Hons.^*

We left East Benito Island at two p. m. for San Quintin
Bay. A brisk northerly wind and heavy swell held us back all
afternoon and the following night.

We arrived at San Quintin at noon of August 14 and hur-
riedly took on fuel. This being completed at two-thirty p. m.
we left at once for San Martin Island, near the entrance of the
bay. It was five-thirty p. m. before we were safely anchored
but all of the party hurried ashore to collect as much as possible
before darkness overtook us.

The main part of the island is volcanic, and densely covered
with cactus, brush and huge blocks of lava. Caves and blow-
holes are everywhere and at the top there is a crater.

Several species of plants are found only on this island, one
being a magnificent Dudleya waist high.

The deep cavities and crevices are occupied by numerous
woodrats with black feet. The Japanese in the past have at-
tempted to destroy these rodents, first by introducing cats then
by burning the brush systematically but neither course proved
effective. The cats appear to live on birds and beach debris.

A frame house in good condition was formerly occupied by
a Japanese abalone camp but was empty at the time of our visit.
Net racks close by were being used by the purse seiners to re-
pair their fishing gear. Three of their boats anchored in the
little cove where we were for the night. They were manned by
Austrians.

*♦ See figures in Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, July, 1923, pp. 86, 87.

Vol. XIV] HANKA— EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 275

I succeeded in finding four or five species of land snails on
the island and Mr. Tose collected a rock wren, which has been
described as a distinct subspecies.

A snake was seen among- the great lava blocks but it could
not be captured, much to the regret of Mr. Slevin ; no species
had ever been collected on San Martin.

At seven p. m. the boats were hoisted and we sailed for En-
senada. This we reached at nine a. m, of August 15. The day
in port was largely spent in packing collections and equipment
and making general preparations to disembark next day at San
Diego. This we did at nine a. m. when the expedition came
to its logical end.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 12

HANNAI Plate 15

Fig. 1.

The Mexican Government's Fisheries Patrol Boat, Tecate, at anchor at East
Benito Island. The Tecate was motor driven and had a cruising radius of
about 1000 miles.

■^.

1. r

zJOdC^fi^v^.

^^^.

Fig. 2. One of the circular, flat-topped piles of stones on the smooth "pegging out"
ground of the ancient fur seal killing ground of South Rookery, Guadalupe
Island. Presumably these piles of stones were used as a place to assemble
the skins so as to keep them clean, either before or after drying, but probably
before.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 12

[HANNA] Plate 16

Fig. 1. A general view of the herd of elephant seals on the beach at Guadalupe Island,
July 12, 1922.

')^«*i^

Fig. 2. A full grown male elephant seal in eharacteristic resting attitude on the beach at
Guadalupe Island.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI,, 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 12

HANNAI Plate 17

Fig. 1. Walls of one of the houses occupied about a centur\- ago by the hunters who
succeeded in totahy exterminating the fine Guadalujse Island fur seal.

Fig. 2. Guadakii)e Island house finch. Fig. 3. Downy young of black petrel on West Benito Island.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 12

HANNAl Plate 18

^•^^^

Fig. 1. Grove of pine trees on the crest of a ridge on the north side of Grand Canon,
Cedros Island. These have been erroneouslv called "cedar trees." iSee
Tovvnsend, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 35, 1916, fig. 9, p. 412.)

Fig. 2. Vegetation in tlu' little oasis surmundinjj Bernstein's Spring, the largest sujjply
of potable water on any of the islands off the west coast of Lower California.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 12

HANNAI Plate 19

Fig. 1. Characteristic attitude of Cedros Island elephant tree; the barrenness of the
landscape otherwise, is noteworthy.

Fig. 2. A portion of the grove of palm trees in Esparsa Canon, Guadalupe Island. No
}'oung trees or seedlings could be found, and unless the species is transplanted
to safe surroundings, it must inevitably disappear, due to the depredation of
the goats on the island.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 13, pp. 277-320. September 5, 1925

XIII

EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO,

IN 1922^

THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS

BY

A. W. ANTHONY

The "Tecate" sailed from San Diego, July 9, touching at
Ensenada the same day to pick up several of the Mexican
members of the party. From that port it sailed direct to
Guadalupe Island which was circumnavigated. A week was
devoted to that island, including- two trips to the top and pine
belt at the north end. From Guadalupe the vessel returned
for fuel to San Quintin, where three days were spent making
investigations before proceeding to Magdalena Bay and return,
touching at all the coast islands en route with the exception of
San Geronimo, as well as collecting to a limited extent at
several mainland points. The expedition returned to San
Diego, August 16, having sailed over 1,400 miles.

Owing to the season, the collections of birds were quite un-
satisfactory, all species being in moulting condition. How-
ever, the expedition served as a reconnoissance to enable us to
plan for further work in the future.

As there have been but few papers treating of the insular
life of Lower California, a brief sketch of the islands in their
relation to the mainland may be of interest. With the excep-
tion of Guadalupe, all the islands of that part of the coast have

^ This is paper No. 2 of the Tecate Expedition. No. 1, the Narrative, gives a com-
plete itinerary. See this volume, pp. 217-275.

September 5, 1925

273 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

at some time been a part of the mainland. All but the above
exception lie at no great distance off shore and the water be-
tween is of a depth indicating a somewhat recent separation.
At all points from San Quintin south to Magdalena Bay, in-
cluding both islands and mainland, is found abundant evidence
of a recent uprising of from 20 to 30 feet above the present
sea level. In his pai:>er on the geology of this section. Dr.
Hanna will treat this subject in full.

Land mammals are found on all of the islands with the ex-
ception of Guadalupe and the Benitos. The first mentioned has
neither reptiles nor mammals, except introduced mice, goats
and cats, while the Benitos boast one species of lizard. Cedros,
lying 15 miles from nearest points of the mainland, is the
largest island, save those bordering Magdalena Bay on the
west, which are so nearly a part of the mainland as to bar them
from the brotherhood of islands. Viscaino, in 1602, visited
Cedros, and he, with other explorers of this early day, men-
tions rabbits as "black as jet with fur softer than a beaver's."
They must have been well bleached since that day, and have
been ever since I have known them. Some of the early Spanish
explorers also credit Cedros with a considerable population of
"bold Indians." So far as present records go, there is no evi-
dence of this or other coast islands south of the Coronados ever
having been inhabited by Indians.

At an early date a coast whaler left goats on Guadalupe and
Cedros, with the evident intent of securing a supply of fresh
meat. Though Cedros seems to be better suited than Gua-
dalupe for the requirements of a reasonable goat, they never
seem to have become overly abundant on that island. Gua-
dalupe, however, has been for many years so overstocked, des-
pite the thousands that have been killed, that the entire floral
life of the island is doomed. Many species of plants, and some
genera peculiar to the island, have been entirely exterminated,
and not even a pine, oak or palm can look down upon a seedling
to replace the aged trees now beginning to fall. A sprout of any
kind is nipped as soon as it is above the soil. It is estimated
that a goat census of Guadalupe would show from 30,000 to
50,000 animals. As long ago as 1887. when the present writer
first became acquainted with the islands, 15,000 goat skins per

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 279

annum were being exported without causing any noticeable
difference in the herds. Since that day, many concessionaires
have attempted the business and failed, owing to the slight dif-
ference between the cost of skins and the selling price on the
mainland.

If the goats have been busy in reducing the floral list of the
island, the cats that were introduced at some time in the past
have lost no time in exterminating the birds. At this date all
of the land species have been reduced to no better than ten per
cent of their abundance in 1887, and several have entirely dis-
appeared. For several years past there have been no records of
the Guadalupe Caracara, flicker, towhee or wren (Thryomanes
brevicauda) , and they no doubt are totally extinct. Kinglets
and crossbills, formerly plentiful in the pines at the north end
of the island, were not found by us, and they quite likely belong
to the list of those destroyed by cats. The end of all the land
species of the islands, with the exception of such as Buteo
borealis caliirus, is a matter of but a few years. Within the
past 25 years the fishermen of the Lower California coast,
chiefly Japanese, have introduced cats on every island north of
Magdalena Bay, and the effect is noticeable at this early day.

Upon the San Benito Islands, the land birds, abundant but a
few years ago, have almost disappeared. At the time I last
called at these islands in 1898, one might easily have collected
a dozen Carpodacus mcgregori in an hour. In August of the
current year, four of our party for two days made this species
a special object, with the result that one was secured and
another seen. Petrels and other small water birds have also
suffered heavily on Guadalupe, and unless there may be some
other as yet undiscovered nesting ground of the Guadalupe
Petrel it will soon be extinct. The only known colony at the
north end of Guadalupe seems to be entirely destroyed. A few
birds seem to have been nesting in the cliffs, and if such
colonies are sufficiently extensive the species may endure for
several years.

The present list of birds and mammals is of species seen
and mostly collected, but one or two are included on evidence
furnished by others ; the source of such data is mentioned
in the text. Many species not mentioned are known to occur

September 5. 1925

9gQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

within the limits of the region covered, but after an absence
of a quarter of a century, I am in doubt as to their present
status and will leave them for future investigation.

List of Species of Birds
1. Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin's Auklet

This species was quite common at all seasons as far south as
28 degrees, at least. At the time of our visit, all had abandoned
their nesting grounds and were at sea. Nowhere did we see
flocks of more than five or six — more often single birds or
pairs. Two specimens in badly worn plumage were taken at
Guadalupe.

2. Brachyramphus hypoleucus. Xantus's Murrelet

This species was in badly worn plumage and several of the
birds seen at sea seemed unable to leave the water. They
were not uncommon as far south as Magdalena, but none was
found on land. In digging for eggs of Oceanodroma at San
Benito Island, August 12, a downy 0. monorhis was found in
a burrow with an addled tgg of the Murrelet. I have never
found this species nesting in a burrow of this nature, the many
eggs that I have taken in the past being either among the rocks
or under overhanging curtains of thick grass or other vegeta-
tion. In either situation, subdued daylight reached the brood-
ing bird. I am inclined to think this Murrelet pairs for life, as
it is quite the rule to find either a pair of birds or at most two
pairs in company.

3. Stercorarius parasiticus. Parasitic Jaeger

This species is not uncommon along the coast covered, but
is not often seen as early as August. On July 31 three or four
were noted south of Abreojos Point, Lat. 26° 40' N. They
were not seen again.

4. Larus occidentalis. Western Gull

The dominant species of the genus, and the only one nesting
at present in the region under discussion. About Guadalupe
Island a few were seen. July 11 to 17. with young not yet on

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 281

the wing. There seemed to be only a scattering few gulls about
this off-shore island, as not over 10 to 12 pairs were seen at
any one spot. On all other islands they are more or less abun-
dant as far as Magdalena Bay. Young, but a short time from
the tgg, were seen as late as the first of August, and these
belated broods may perhaps be due to the rookeries being
raided earlier in the season by fishermen, who take the eggs as
long as they can be found in an edible condition.

5. Larus heermanni. Heermann's Gull

On the voyage south, this species was not seen until we
reached San Quintin Bay, July 18, where a dozen in juvenile
plumage were noted. They were seen sparingly south to Mag-
dalena Bay, and on August 2 at San Roque Island a flock of
about 1,000 were met with, mostly immature birds. Formerly
there was a nesting colony on this island, but from indications
I would say it has been destroyed by the resident fishermen.
From notes furnished me by those who have recently visited
the nesting grounds of this gull in the Gulf of California, I do
not hesitate to state that unless protection is offered at once
the species will soon be extinct. Large colonies are still found
nesting on the islands to the west of Guaymas, but boats from
that port haunt the nesting grounds as long as there is any
chance of securing one more tgg, and the tgg that hatched
has been the rare exception. A few years ago this was one of
our common gulls along the coast of California, as far north
as Santa Barbara. At all seasons of the year a few at least
might be depended upon to be found along the kelp beds out-
side the harbor of San Diego. During the past six years only
one has been noted. A few seen on the rocks at La Jolla, fif-
teen miles north of San Diego, the past year are all that I have
any record of.

6. Xema sabini. Sabine's Gull(?)

Off Abreojos Point, July 31, we met with large flocks
of shearwaters and elegant terns feeding on the very abundant
fry. With the thousands of the above species were several
small gulls that filled the requirements for this species better
than any other. Owing to their distance from the boat, positive

282 CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

identification was impossible. We again fell in with 25 or more
of the same species off Todos Santos Islands, August 15, under
exactly similar conditions.

7. Sterna m.axima. Roval Tern

Formerly this species, like the Heermann's Gull, was abun-
dant all along the coast of southern and Lower California.
They were seen at San Quintin Bay and Cedros Island during
our voyage in July and August, but only in very small num-
bers. I can only attribute their scarcity to the fact that the
fishermen have raided the nesting grounds to such an extent
that the species is becoming rare on this coast.

8. Sterna elegans. Elegant Tern

The elegant tern was seen at several stations from San
Quintin south to Magdalena Bay, but like the royal, there
were but few compared to their former abundance. At Abre-
ojos Point, however, on July 31. we found a large mixed flock
of sea birds feeding on sardines. Ninety-eight per cent of the
flock — estimated to be 25,000 birds — was of this species, with
young of the year predominating. I have been told that
formerly there was a large nesting colony of this species on
San Roque or Asuncion Island, but that the constant persecu-
tion had driven them away. As all of the islands along this
coast for 500 miles are used as permanent fishing camps during
the entire nesting season, and as the Japanese and Austrians
composing the personnel of these stations depend on eggs for
their table, so long as any are to be found, there would seem to
be small chance for any of the gulls and terns. If the toll of
eggs exacted by the fisherman was the sum total paid, the dam-
age might be safely disregarded, but as will be instantly recog-
nized by any who have visited an island where gulls are to be
found, and terns or cormorants are nesting, the real slaughter
begins when man, followed by a cloud of screaming gulls.
drives the nesting birds from their eggs or young. The gulls,
pouncing down on the undefended nests, destroy eggs or young
by thousands, and a frequent disturbance of this nature, even
though no eggs are taken by the fishermen, will naturally des-
troy the species.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 283

9. Sterna forsteri, Forster's Tern

A few of this species were seen with the last mentioned at
Abreojos Point, also a few at San Ouintin Bay on August 14,
the vanguard of the fall migration.

10. Sterna antillarum. Least Tern

At Abreojos Point there were half a dozen of the least terns
fishing in the shallow water inside the surf line. They did
not seem to care for the company of the thousands of their
larger cousins and the deeper waters.

11. Chlidonias nigra surinamensis. Black Tern

One or two of the black terns were seen with the large flock
of elegant terns at Abreojos, and a day or two later a few
along the kelp beds 100 miles north. This species is not un-
common during the fall migrations about the kelp beds of the
entire coast, but does not seem to linger long.

12. Diomedea nigripes. Black-footed Albatross

This species seems to be far less common along the southern
coast than it was 25 years ago. On our cruise to Magdalena
Bay none was seen until we neared Guadalupe Island, July 11,
when two were picked up at daybreak and followed the ship
until we reached the island. They were seen sparingly as far
south as between 25° and 26°. Formerly I found the short-
tailed albatross (D. alhatriis) equally common and over the
same range as nigripes, but none was seen the past summer,
nor have I seen during the past two years an albatross of either
species between Point Loma and the Coronado Islands, where
they were formerly of regular occurrence, though I have visited
these islands perhaps 20 times within the time mentioned. The
raids made by the Japanese on the nesting colonies between
Hawaii and Japan no doubt account for the present scarcity of
birds along our coast.

2g4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY Of SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

13. Fulmarus glacialis. Fulmar

The skull of a fulmar was picked up on the beach at the
south end of Cedros Island. While fulmars are more or less
common during the winter months along this coast, we were
too early to meet with them,

14. Puffinus creatopus. Pink-footed Shearwater

This species was found more or less abundant all along the
coast and for 50 miles or more at sea. Their presence seemed,
as with all of the other shearwaters, to depend entirely on the
small fish on which they feed. At several points along the
shore flocks of many thousands of shearwaters were seen.
Always such flocks were composed of the several species of
Puffinus found on this coast, with a sprinkling of gulls, cor-
morants and pelicans.

15. Puffinus opisthomelas. Black-vented Shearwater

Generally distributed over the entire region covered by the
expedition and by far more abundant near Natividad Island,
where the largest known nesting colonies are found. On
August 4th, Dr. Hanna and the writer opened 25 or more
burrows, with the result that four birds were secured, one
being a juvenile, showing but little of the natal down, other-
wise the plumage was not to be distinguished from the adults.
From the tracks about the burrows I think that the birds
visited the nests each night, though for what reason after the
young had departed, would be hard to say. On a former visit
to Natividad, in September, I found fresh tracks about the
entrances of the burrows, but did not succeed in taking any
birds, though many nests were opened. Fresh eggs in abun-
dance have been found in the Natividad colonies in April, the
birds beginning to occupy the burrows some weeks earlier but
at just what date we have, as yet, no records, but it is evident
that at least five months are spent in the region of the breeding
grounds. On Natividad, as at Guadalupe and the San Benitos
where this species nests to some extent, the introduced cats
have killed many adult birds. As cats have been recorded on
all of the known nesting islands of the s[>ecies, it would seem

Vol. XIVJ ANTHOSV—rHE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 285

to be only a matter of time until the shearwater will be extinct.
On two or three occasions shearwaters, the size of opistho-
melas, were seen that were ashy gray above and below but
otherwise similar to that species. No specimens having been
secured it is not safe to venture at identification.

16. Puffinus griseus. Sooty Shearwater

The notes on P. crcatopMs will apply to this species as well.
They were quite common wherever large flocks of shearwaters
were met with, which was whenever we encountered schools
of small fish.

17. Puffinus bulleri. New Zealand Shearwater

The positive identification of a shearwater at gunshot range
is somewhat of a venture and as no specimens of this species
were obtained it might seem dangerous to include the species
among those noted. However, a large Puffinus with pure white
underparts and other characters assigned to bulleri was fre-
quently seen between Ensenada and Magdalena Bay, and I
have little doubt as to its being this species. In April, 1897, I
met with similar birds as far south as Cape St. Lucas. At that
time they all seemed to be flying north in either quite small,
scattered flocks or singly. None was taken, but I then, as
now, would unhesitatingly pronounce them bulleri. If it is not
this species it is probably P. chlororliynchus.

18. Halocyptena microsoma. Least Petrel

This diminutive petrel was not noted until we were nearly
at Magdalena Bay, when a few were seen at sea (July 24).
They were inconspicuous at all times, owing, perhaps, to the
fact that it was their nesting season and only the non-breeders
might be expected at any distance from the San Benito
Islands, which is their only breeding ground so far recorded.
On these islands we found them abundant, August 12, at which
date we took fresh eggs and downy young, the last a ball of
down, smoky black in color. So far as my experience goes,

7g5 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

the least petrel does not nest in a burrow in the ground as do
the different species of Oceanodroma with which I am famihar.
Of the many nests I have seen, all were in bare rocky slides, or
similar localities in the rocks, where subdued light might reach
the bird.

19. Oceanodroma leucorhoa kaedingi. Kaeding's Petrel

While the Tecate lay at anchor at the north anchorage at
Guadalupe, July 11-16, this species was quite in evidence, evi-
dently nesting in the high lava cliffs that almost overhung the
beach. Soon after nightfall their calls might be heard, as
those birds that had spent the day at sea came in to land.
After lip. m. there was comparative quiet until just liefore
daybreak, when for a short time the calling began once more,
to cease entirely at dawn. The lights of the vessel attracted a
number of birds aboard and these constitute the only speci-
mens taken, except a juvenile about a week old that was taken
from a crevice in the lava. This specimen, No. 25561, Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, is nearly uniform sooty gray,
slightly lighter below. A few petrels that were considered
kaedingi were seen at sea as far south as Ballenas Bay, but
they were by no means common even in the region of their
nesting grounds on Guadalupe. Dead bodies of this species
were found impaled on the needle-like spines of the "cholla"
cactus which is quite common on many parts of Guadalupe,
the bird evidently having flown into the death trap in the dark.
Cats also have taken a large toll, as is attested by the many
half-eaten bodies in many parts of the island.

20. Oceanodroma macrodactyla. Guadalupe Petrel

Guadalupe Island is, so far. the only recorded habitat of this
species. In my several visits to this island I have never seen
the bird except as I took them from the nesting burrows. They
nest far earlier than the other species of the genus, half-grown
young being found as early as May 25, while August would
produce young of O. melania of similar size. It is, of course,
highly probable that the species leaves the island at the end of

Vol. XIV] ANTHOXY—THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 287

the nesting season, but its whereabouts during that part of the
year when it is not at home at Guadalupe still remains a mys-
tery. In former years there was a considerable colony along
the ridge in the pine growth at the north end of the island.
The present writer visited this spot May 26, 1892, and found
the birds abundant. In July of the current year the same ridge
was explored and but little was seen to indicate a recent occu-
pation of the nesting- ground. A few burrows were seen, but
they seemed to be very old. In 1892 dozens of dead birds were
seen, where cats had torn away the breast, leaving wings and
tail, enough to identify the species. Half a dozen similar dried
bodies were seen last July, but so few that we were of the
opinion the colony was about finished.

21. Oceanodroma melania. Black Petrel

This species was seen more or less commonly from the time
we left San Diego until we returned, but was rare ; nor was it
seen at all far from shore. Nests are not uncommon on the
Coronado Islands, but on the San Benito Islands are perhaps
the largest breeding grounds of the species so far discovered.
August 12, we found many nesting birds with eggs fresh to
hatching as well as half -grown young. The nests were usually
at the end of a crooked burrow, some two and one-half feet to
four feet from the entrance, though a few were found in loose,
shelly rock slides. This and the other species of the genus
found on the coast might select a similar location and often do,
but this is more often in stygian darkness at the end of a three-
foot burrow. This species, in common with the other smaller
birds of the Benitos, has suffered heavily from the introduced
cats.

22. Oceanodroma monorhis. Swinhoe's Fork-tailed Petrel

It is with considerable hesitation that I attempt a classifica-
tion of this group. O. ''socorroensis" has in the past been the
accepted species, being more or less common from the Coro-
nado Islands to the San Benitos during the nesting season. I
cannot say at this writing just how many times in the past I

2gg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

have taken from the same nesting burrow white-rumped "so-
corroensis" and equally typical "monorhis" with no white at
all, but if I were to trust to memory, I would say that that
was as often the case as otherwise. I have before me birds
from the Coronado Islands as well as from the Benitos that
agree exactly with the descriptions and measurements of
monorhis, and that were from the same colonies as white-
rumped birds or those with white flanks. Unfortunately the
collectors neglected to so mark the specimens as to enable one
to separate the "pairs" where two birds were found in the
same burrow. A large series of petrels, from either of the
above localities, shows that one might by selection separate
several species or races were it not for the troublesome inter-
grades. Birds with pure white rumps, those with white flanks
and every form of gradation to sooty-black and typical
monorhis can be selected. At this writing, and in the light of
the material before me, it might seem the safer course to side-
step the issue and leave the decision to further developmnts.
Letters, however, from W. E. Clyde Todd, of the Carnegie
Museum at Pittsburgh, and Mr. A. J. Van Rossem, of Pasa-
dena, California, both of whom have access to large series of
the "socorroensis — monorhis" group would indicate that there
was but a single species represented with a wide variation in
the plumage of the rump. At San Benito Island we found the
birds nesting August 12, and secured fresh eggs as well as
young a week or more from the ^gg. We saw the species at
sea as far south as Magdalena Bay, where, on July 27, a few
were seen inside the entrance of the bay in company with
O. melania.

23. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus. Farallon Cormorant

Seen more or less commonly as far as Magdalena Bay. but
very largely replaced by the following species south of Abre-
ojos Point. During the first half of August this species, in
common with the Brandt's, was found nesting on all of the
islands north of 27°. Fresh eggs, those far advanced in in-
cubation, and from that to young on the wing, was the status
of all the rookeries visited as late as August 13. I think the
lack of uniformity may be accounted for by the destruction of

Vol. XIV] ANTHOSY—THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 289

the eggs by western gulls. The two species of cormorants
breeding along this coast are more extensively preyed u^x^n by
the gulls than any other species and should the cormorants be
driven from the nests, eggs and young by the hundreds are
immediately destroyed. As has been noted earlier in this
paper, all of the islands are used, during a great part of the
year, by fishermen, who undoubtedly cause a very disturbed
condition, innocently or otherwise. They are the indirect cause
of the destruction of many thousands of cormorants as well as
other sea birds. The Farallon cormorants were always found
occupying the higher and more precipitous parts of the islands,
leaving to the following species the gentle slopes and level
land.

24. Phalacrocorax penicillatus. Brandt's Cormorant

Much more abundant than the preceding species. Despite
the disturbed condition of the nesting grounds, there were
large rookeries on most of the islands visited. On the more
level parts of San Roque and Asuncion were several large
rookeries that at the time of our visit were occupied by hun-
dreds of young, ranging from those able to fly to squabs but
just hatched. As one approached the nesting grounds, the
young crowded toward the side farthest removed from the in-
truder, until it seemed as if it would be impossible to introduce
another bird into the interior without the aid of a w^edge, so
tightly were they massed. As the danger became more evident,
the compact raft moved faster, the older birds in the lead pro-
gressing by a series of awkward hops which soon left the
younger members behind. As more speed seemed desirable the
wings were called upon, waved about like flails, and so upset
the balance that immediately the youngster that was merely in
a slow hurry at best was thrown forward on his face and quite
as often as otherwise stepped on his own neck and was unable
to get up. If crowded, the half-grown young will take to the
water and escape by swimming, though many times such birds
are unable to regain the nesting ground owing to the low cliffs
bordering the sea below the rookeries. The fate of such birds
is somew^hat doubtful, as they are as yet unable to secure their
own food.

September 5. 192.5

290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY Of SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sf.r.

25. Pelecanus californicus. California Brown Pelican

An abundant species along shore throughout the trip, but
rare in deeper waters. A single immature bird seen at Guada-
lupe is my only off-shore record. At Magdalena Bay they were
noticeably more abundant than at any point north. At many of
the islands, notably San Roque and Asuncion, we found fresh
eggs and newly hatched young, as well as birds on the wing. As
only a single brood is raised and young are to be found in late
February or early March, the late nesting can only be explained
on the ground of reported disturbances, as noted under s^^ecies
above mentioned.

26. Fregata aquila. Man-o'-war-bird

Very abundant south of 26°. This species formerly nested
extensively in the mangrove swamps about Magdalena Bay, but
repeated raids on the part of the natives who use the eggs for
food have reduced their numbers. Owing to the nature of the
mangrove growth, it is quite difficult to reach the nests, which
fact has been the only restraining influence in preserving the
nesting grounds in this region.

27. Oidemia perspicillata. Surf Scoter

A few only seen in San Quintin Bay — non-breeding birds,
no doubt, that did not migrate. Such cases are common.
During the winter the species is very abundant ail along the
coast.

28. Erismatura jamaicensis. Ruddy Duck

A single bird in San Quintin Bay is the only record for the
voyage.

29. Guara alba. White Ibis

Seen only in the mangroves at Magdalena Bay, where it was
not very abundant. As the more remote parts of the jungle
north of the settlement were not visited, it may be that the
species was less rare than our observations would indicate.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 291

30. Ardea herodias sanctilucae. Espiritu Santo Heron

Not uncommon on the islands near shore and at most, if
not all, of the mainland stations. Two or three were seen at
Guadalupe Island.

31. Hydranassa tricolor ruficoUis. Louisiana Heron

Seen only in the mangroves about Magdalena Bay, where it
was common. Formerly I have taken specimens as far north
as San Quintin, but I think it was never abundant there.

32. Butorides virescens frazari. Frazar's Green Heron

Found not uncommonly at Magdalena Bay, where they
shared the mangrove thickets with the above species.

33. Nyctanassa violacea. Yellow-crowned Night Heron

A single specimen shot on a reef at San Benito Islands is the
only record.

34. Rallus beldingi. Belding's Rail

None seen, but the frequent notes of Rallus heard in the
mangroves at Magdalena Bay leave little doubt as to the
species and its abundance.

35. Phalaropus fulicarius. Red Phalarope

The first of the migrating phalaropes were noted July 11.
when two were seen between Ensenada and Guadalupe Island.
After that date they rapidly increased in abundance until the
18th, when they seemed to be in full force. They were not
seen over 50 miles off shore.

36. Lobipes lobatus. Northern Phalarope
Seen but once, August 2, off San Roque Island.

292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

37. Pisobia minutilla. Least Sandpiper

38. Ereunetes mauri. Western Sandpiper

On July 26, a small flock of "sand peeps" was seen on a
mudbar in the mangroves of Magdalena Bay. None was shot
and positive identification was difficult. The two species usually
migrate in company and it is quite probable that the flock was
composed of both species. A week later we met with them
migrating and in early August they were seen at all of our
anchorages north of Magdalena.

39. Limosa fedoa. Marbled Godwit

A few were seen at San Quintin on July 21. They occur
sparingly all summer in all of the suitable localities from Mag-
dalena Bay north, the summer residents being non-breeding
birds that have failed for some reason to follow the migration
north.

40. Totanus melanoleucus. Greater Yellow-legs

Two were seen on a mudbar in the mangroves at Magda-
lena Bay, July 26. The one secured was in fair summer
plumage.

41. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus. Western Willet

First seen at Abreojos Point, July 31, in a company of
mixed shore-birds, evidently the first of the migrants. Quite
common at San Quintin, August 14.

42. Heteroscelus incanus. Wandering Tattler

First seen at Guadalupe Island, July 11. While not common
at this island, they were frequently seen along its rocky shores.
The same may also be said of all the islands visited. Although
found at all seasons of the year, those that linger through the
summer are probably not nesting birds. I have found downy
young seeking cover under the overhanging edges of glaciers

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 293

of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska, conditions hardly in keep-
ing with those of the sun-scorched shores of the Lower Cali-
fornia islands.

43. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper

First seen at Magdalena Bay in company with greater yel-
low-legs, July 26, after which they were seen at any suitable
location north to San Martin Island. This species is rather
common along the islands and coast of Lower California dur-
ing the winter months, inhabiting rocky broken beaches in
company with its larger relative, the wandering tattler. They,
like the last, are seldom seen in companies of more than three
or four, more often singly or in pairs.

44. Numenius americanus. Long-billed Curlew

Seen at San Ouintin, July 18. Not uncommon at that point
where, like the marbled godwit, it is a left-over from the spring
migration.

45. Numenius hudsonicus. Hudsonian Curlew

A few found along the ocean beaches all summer, being like
the above, non-breeders. This species seems to prefer the clean
sands of the open beach and is not often seen on the mud-flats
of the bays, where the long-bills thrive. A small flock of
hudsonicus was seen at the entrance of San Quintin Bay,
July 14.

46. Squatarola squatarola cynosurae. Black-bellied Plover

A few seen among the migrating shore-birds at Abreojos
Point, July 31, the first to arrive from their summer home.

47. Oxyechus vociferus. Killdeer

One or two noted near the settlement at the mouth of Santo
Domingo Caiion, fifteen miles north of San Quintin. The
species is resident in such localities, where freshwater furnishes
congenial surroundings.

294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE^ [Proc. 4th Ser.

48. Charadrius semipalmatus. Semipalmated Plover
A small flock seen at Magdalena Bay, July 27.

49. Charadrius nivosus. Snowy Plover
A small flock seen on the beach at Abreojos Point.

50. Arenaria interpres morinella. Ruddy Turnstone

A flock seen at Abreojos Point. The single bird that was
secured was in almost full nesting plumage.

51. Arenaria melanocephala. Black Turnstone

Rather common at Abreojos Point, July 31, after which it
was seen on all the rocky beaches north to San Martin Island.
Two were seen at Guadalupe, July 16.

52. Haematopus frazari. Frazar's Oystercatcher

Seen on all the rocky shores from the south end of Mag-
dalena Bay north. Often seen in company with bachinaiii to
which it ofifers a striking contrast.

53. Haematopus bachmani. Black Oystercatcher

Not seen south of Asuncion Island, where it was common.
From that point north it was common on all suitable beaches.

54. Lophortyx californica vallicola. Valley Quail

Common in the section east of San Quintin which is the
only spot visited that was suited to its requirements.

55. Zenaidura macroura marginella.

Western Mourning Dove

Found breeding on Cedros Island, July 22, when young just
from the nest were seen.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 295

56. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. Turkey Vulture

Quite common at any of the larger islands except Guadalupe
and as far as Margarita Island at the southern end of Mag-
dalena Bay,

57. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi. Harris's Hawk

Seen but once, near San Quintin, where the species is not
uncommon along the timbered cafions east of that point.

58. Buteo borealis calurus. Western Red-tail

Several were seen on Guadalupe Island and one specimen
taken.

59. Falco peregrinus anatum. Duck Hawk

Formerly quite common, nesting on all of the islands north
of Magdalena. Few were seen, however, on the voyage of the
Tecate, due, perhaps, to the season being that when the birds
might be expected to be scattered far from their nesting haunts.
A line specimen was taken on San Benito, August 13.

60. Polyborus cheriway. Audubon's Caracara

Seen only at Margarita Island, where it was seemingly rare.
There is little doubt but the Guadalupe Caracara is extinct ; no
signs of it could be found by members of our party, nor have
any who have visited the island during the past 20 years re-
ported living birds.

61. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. Osprey

First seen at Guadalupe Island, where a specimen was
secured. Quite common at Cedros Island and most of the
stations visited. On Margarita Island there are dozens of
nests built on tops, or on projecting limbs, of the giant cactus.

296 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PRoc 4th Ser.

62. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea. Burrowing Owl

Seen only at San Quintin. The burrowing owl was form-
erly found on the San Benitos, Natividad and other islands of
the coast, where it was resident. It is possible that it has been
exterminated by the cats.

63. Geococcyx califomianus. Roadrunner
Seen only at San Quintin.

64. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus. San Lucas Woodpecker

This species was common, feeding on the ripe fruit of the
giant cactus, on Margarita Island. Not met with elsewhere.

65. Centurus uropygialis brewsteri. Brewster's Woodpecker

A rather abundant species in the giant cactus growth on the
west side of Margarita Island, where it was feeding on the
ripe fruit of the cactus. All the specimens taken were in badly
worn plumage, but indicate a strongly marked race.

66. Chordeiles acutipennis inferior. Texas Nighthawk

A few seen at Magdalena Bay and on Margarita Island.
The single specimen taken (No. 25530 C.A.C. ) agrees fairly
well with skins before me, from southern California, except
that it is slightly smaller.

67. Aeronautes melanoleucus. White-throated Swift

On the southeast side of Guadalupe Island we saw a number
of these swifts cruising about the cliffs overhanging the sea.
It was near this same spot that I found, in May, 1892, a nest
but so far back in a crevice in the lava that without tools to
enlarge the opening it could not be reached, though the sticks
composing the structure could be plainly seen. On July 19 I
saw several swifts in company with cliff swallows flying about
a cliff at the mouth of the Santo Domingo Canon, 15 miles

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 297

north of San Quintin. Several years ago I saw this species
entering- abandoned woodpecker holes in the giant cactus near
San Fernando, about 75 miles south of San Quintin.

68. Calypte anna. Anna's Hummingbird

At the north landing on Guadalupe Island we saw a hum-
mer in female plumage that seemed to be this species. It es-
caped, however, leaving its identity in doubt. W. E. Bryant
recorded the species from the island many years ago.

69. Calypte costae. Costa's Hummingbird

This species seemed to be the only one we met with at Mag-
dalena Bay and Margarita Island, where several were taken in
late July. Specimens were secured also at Cedros Island.

70. Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax.

Lower California Flycatcher

Flycatchers of the ash-throated group were seen several
times on Margarita Island, but no specimens taken. I sup-
posed them to belong to this subspecies.

71. Sayornis sayus. Say's Flycatcher

Common about San Quintin. On Cedros Island it was seen
several times. A young male (No. 25531, C.A.S., August
8, south end Cedros Island) is somewhat darker above than
specimens of similar age from southern California, with slight-
ly narrower bill. The difference may be individual, however.

72. Sayornis nigricans. Black Phoebe

Seen only in the Santo Domingo Canon near San Quintin.

73. Otocoris alpestris actia. California Horned Lark

The Otocoris of San Quintin. I refer to this form with
some hesitation, as no additional specimens are at hand, a sin-
gle juvenile in the collection of the Academy being the only

298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

bird taken. At Abreojos Point a small flock of horned larks
was seen and three badly worn and juvenile specimens secured.
They seem very small and can hardly be reconciled to any of
the recognized races, they being, I suppose, enertera Oberholser.

74. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca. Xantus's Jay

A rather common inhabitant of the mangrove swamps north
of the anchorage at Magdalena Bay. Not seen elsewhere.

75. Corvus covax sinuatus. Raven

A common species throughout the trip. Seen at every sta-
tion except at Guadalupe.

76. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis. House Finch

Common at San Ouintin and at the nearby mission of Santo
DominsfO.

';=>"

77. Carpodacus amplus. Guadalupe House Finch

Formerly one of the most abundant land birds on the island
but now reduced to about 10% of its abundance 25 years ago,
the destruction being due to the thousands of cats that infest
all parts of the island. The species nests largely in the cactus
found over most parts of the island, which fact saves the nest-
lings until able to flutter to the ground, where they fall nn easy
prey.

78. Carpodacus mexicanus dementis,
San Clemente House Finch
Common on Cedros Island. Five specimens were obtained.

79. Carpodacus mcgregori. McGregor's House Finch

A quarter of a century ago this was one of the few land
species that was common on the San Benito Islands. Today
they are so nearly extinct that I doubt another specimen being

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 299

taken for science. Like the last mentioned species, they have
fallen victims to the cats. A single specimen was all we had
to show for four guns in two days. A second specimen was
reported as seen.

80. Astragalinus praltria hesperophilus.

Green-backed Goldfinch

Two females taken at the south end of Cedros Island. They
seemed to be nesting in small numbers on this part of the
island. Those taken are somewhat smaller than typical speci-
mens from southern California, but whether the difference is
constant will remain for further specimens to determine.

81. Passerculus beldirigi. B elding Sparrow

Seen only at San Quintin, where it is common in the salt
marsh.

82. Passerculus rostratus rostratus. Large-billed Sparrow

This species winters on all of the islands, I think, except
Guadalupe, and had just begun to make its appearance when
we noted a few along the beaches at the north end of Cedros,
August 9. A single specimen was taken on San Martin Island,
August 14.

83. Passerculus rostratus guttatus. San Lucas Sparrow

A few noted in the mangrove swamps of Magdalena Bay,
and a single specimen taken July 26.

84. Passerculus rostratus sanctorum. San Benito Sparrow

Found only on the three islands of the San Benito group,
where they are still common but greatly reduced from their
former abundance. The cats are again to be given the credit.

300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

85. Junco insularis. Guadalupe Junco

Becoming rare on the island, though it was at one time the
most abundant species.

86. Amphispiza bilineata deserticoia. Desert Sparrow

Common at San Quintin, Cedros and Magdalena Bay-
region.

87. Amphispiza belli. Bell's Sparrow
Common at San Quintin and San Martin Island.

88. Pipilo crissalis senicula. Anthony's Towhee

Common in the hills east of San Quintin. A full-fledged
young was taken at the Santo Domingo Mission. July 19.

89. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus. San Lucas Cardinal

Rather common at "The Ranch" six miles west of the land-
ing at Margarita Island, where the dense thickets offered con-
genial surroundings. Very shy and difficult to secure, one
specimen only being taken.

90. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons. Cliff Swallow

Common and nesting under the eaves of the houses at San
Quintin, where nestlings were seen, July 20. On the same
date a large flock was seen circulating about the face of a cliff
at the mouth of the Santo Domingo Canon. A small flock,
doubtless migrating, was noted flying over the mangroves at
Magdalena Bay, July 26.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 301

List of Species of Mammals

In the following list of mammals the nomenclature of
Miller's "List of North American Land Mammals in the
United States National Museum" has been followed.

As the series of Lower California mammals in the collections
of the San Diego Museum of Natural History and the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences are very incomplete, I have been
obliged to depend in many instances on the collections in the
U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey and the American Museum
of Natural History, New York. My thanks are due Dr. E. W.
Nelson and H. E. Anthony for comparison of several species
with the types.

1. Balaenoptera physalus. Pacific Finback Whale

Whales were often seen along the coast and about all of the
islands with the exception of Guadalupe. They were nowhere
common, and all that were identified with reasonable certainty
were of this species. It is quite probable, however, that some
seen were humpbacks.

The larger cetaceans are more abundant during the winter
months in the region covered by this paper, but they were
formerly far more abundant than today. In the past, when the
fall migration was at its best (November) I have seen more
whales in one school than were seen during the entire southern
voyage. At the time mentioned, 25 years ago, the California
Gray (Rhachianectes glaucus) was the most common species
and was daily seen along shore, often inside the kelp beds,
within half a mile of the beach. During the past two years I
have seen just two of this species and had reports of two
more, while the Sulphur Bottom (Sibbaldiiis sulfiireus), form-
erly quite common, has not been seen at all. The modern
method of whaling has sounded the death knell. Commercial
whaling is about a thing of the past and, unless something is
done soon toward protecting them, several species will soon
become commercially, if not actually, extinct on this coast.

Nearly all of the whales seen during the voyage of the
Tecate were close in-shore, frequently at the edge of extensive
kelp beds and, as they were usually seen in pairs, it is not un-

302 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

likely that they were mating. In late July and early August,
there was a very extensive run of sardines along the entire
coast and, as these small fishes furnish many of our BalccnidcB
with a large part of their feed, that may account for the entire
absence of whales in deep water and their presence along the
shores where the sardines abounded.

During the winter of 1920-21, a steam whaler established
a station in Magdalena Bay and spent several months at that
point. From the bones still to be seen on the beach, they must
have killed several whales but, as they never repeated the
venture, it is quite probable it was not a commercial success.

2. Orcinus ater. Black Killer

Killers were formerly much more common on the Lower
California coast than the results of our late voyage would in-
dicate. But one small school of s^'ven or eight was seen several
miles off San Quintin, July 18. There is no question but the
killers are a bitter enemy of the entire BalcEuidcu. While I have
never myself seen the species attack a whale, I have often been
told by reliable authority of combats that resulted in the death
of the larger "fish." It may be that the present rarity of
Orcinus is directly due to the scarcity of whales. The Orca
often reaches a size (twenty feet or more) equal to that of
a small whale, but whalers never attempt its capture, as it is of
little or no value.

3. Grampus griseus. Grampus

A single specimen, identified as this species, was seen off
San Quintin, July 18. South of Cedros Island there were
several times when large porpoises were seen, but under con-
ditions rendering identification impossible. Tiiey may have
been this species.

4. Delphinus delphis. Common Dolphin

On the southwest side of Cedros Island we found a well
preserved skull of this species.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 303

5. Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi. Gray Shrew

A specimen taken in the edge of a salt marsh on the west
side of San Quintin Bay is not separable from skins from the
region of San Diego in the collection of the San Diego Society
of Natural History,

6. Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus. Western Bat

At the anchorage at Margarita Island we met with a flight
of bats at daybreak, July 28. They were seeking shelter in the
ledges along the shores. Two were secured and are not to be
distinguished from specimens taken at San Diego and the
Colorado Desert.

7. Canis peninsulae. Peninsula Coyote

Not uncommon at San Quintin, where one or two were seen.
Skulls were secured at Magdalena Bay.

8. Enhydra lutris nereis. Southern Sea Otter

Formerly very abundant on the coast of Lower California,
as far south at least as Natividad Island. The early records
abound in stories of the numbers of sea otter found along this
coast where, alas, they were soon exterminated, or at least so
reduced that they became almost a myth.

In 1807 the ship Dromio from Boston is recorded as
trading for 1700 otter skins at Ensenada, then inhabited by a
few Indians who must have taken the animals along the kelp
beds adjacent to that bay. Capt. Benjamin Morrel in 1825-31
made four voyages to this coast from the Atlantic and men-
tions "immense numbers of whales, seals, and otters at San
Quintin and Cenizas (San Martin) Island."

In 1887 when I first became acquainted with the region of
Todos Santos Bay and the former haunts of the sea otter, they
were generally considered as extinct. There were, however, a
few of the old-time hunters that assured me that in the region
of certain kelp beds south of Ensenada there were a few to be
found. This, I learned, was true, and a small colony was

3Q4- CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

established that by now might have been of large commercial
importance had it been protected. Unfortunately, it was
discovered by certain "beach combers" in 1897, and to the
best of my information some 50 were killed. There is a report
of 28 being killed eight or nine years later at the same point,
but I am unable to authenticate it. That a few still exist,
as far south as Cedros, there can be little doubt, as one was
killed by a fisherman in 1919, at San Benito Island 15 miles
west of Cedros. They were formerly abundant along the kelp
beds found along the weather side of Cedros and the Benitos,
and in time may be re-established there, if unmolested.

9. Zalophus californianus. California Sea Lion

An abundant species on most of the islands visited except
Guadalupe, where one rookery of a dozen was found and a
few scattered individuals along the shores that might have
made the Guadalupe count as much as 50 animals. They were
about abandoning the breeding rookeries in August so that a
census of the various colonies was out of the question, but
from what we found I would place the present count of sea
lions, of the coast of Lower California, at fully 150% above
what might have been found in 1900. At the last date the
species was being persecuted for hides, the rookeries being
raided constantly during the season of reproduction. Fre-
quently hundreds of young were left to starve beside the bodies
of the slain mothers. At Asuncion Island in 1898, I found
a rookery of not over 50. The count at this island in August,
1922, was over 5,000. As San Roque Island, only six miles
north of Asuncion, was almost deserted by Zalophus, it is quite
probable that Asuncion was being used as a hauling ground
for sea lions from both islands.

At Cedros Island there were several large rookeries, but at
the time of our visit the animals had begun to scatter and it
was not possible to secure a census. I had confidently expected
to find at the north end of this island the star sea lion rookery
of the coast, as that was its condition in 1898 when it was
populated by some 2,000 breeding animals. At the time of our
visit, August 9, there were 1.500 Zalophus hauled on the sand

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 305

beach at the north bay and some 700 on a beach about two
miles south. On the east side of the island two detached rocks
formed ideal resorts for sea lions, but we found only 300 at
this point. San Benito Islands, where Townsend, in his report
of the Albatross Expedition in 1911, mentions finding 1,700
Zalophus, gave us not over 400.

We frequently met with sea lions many miles from the
known hauling grounds and far from land, indicating a scat-
tered condition quite different from what would be found in
April when a large percentage w^ould be collected on the breed-
ing rookeries. On the Lower California islands the pups are
born about June 10, and are about six weeks or two months
old before they go into the water, though a young sea lion a
week old can and will swim if forced to do so. A baby sea
lion spends a large part of its early life in sleep, which is sur-
prisingly difficult to disturb. The present writer has, on
several occasions, visited a rookery where the beach w^as strewn
with sleeping pups, seated himself among them and gathered
one or two into his lap, and played with them for several min-
utes before they were sufficiently aroused to realize the true
situation. Their surprise was always laughable, as they voiced
a horrified baby imitation of daddy's roar and perhaps made a
bluff at amputating a human hand or tw^o. A newly-born sea
lion is possessed of a full set of needle-like teeth and ample
strength to make them serviceable, but, of the many that have
by their actions promised to seriously mutilate me, none has yet
drawn blood, and such fierce savage beasts have, after a ten-
minutes' fondling, refused to be left alone and frequently
follow^ed, bawling, along the sand, as if they were losing their
best friend.

In this connection might be mentioned an incident in which
a sea lion figured, which illustrates the confiding nature of the
animal when it is not persecuted. In April, 1922, a seaplane
from the North Island Aviation Field made a landing at sea
about 30 miles from the Coronado Islands and about the same
distance from the mainland. Shortly after the plane came to
rest, the pilot heard a scratching on the side of the machine and
looking over saw a yearling sea lion investigating the strange
craft. The door to the cockpit was held open and the invita-
tion promptly accepted, the seal returning to San Diego by air-

September 5, 1923

306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

plane. I visited the station a few days later and found the
visitor to be a yearling female and as eager to be noticed as
any pet kitten. Though given the freedom of the bay, it
always returned to its new home on being called and never at
any time showed any disposition to return to the company of
its fellow lions.

10. Arctocephalus townsendi. Guadalupe Fur Seal

That fur seals of some species were at one time abundant
on most, if not all, of the islands of the peninsula, as well as
those of Californ'^, cannot be disputed. There are undoubted
records of many thousands of skins being taken from the
Farallons and the islands south to Cape St. Lucas. At this
time it is largely a matter of conjecture as to even the genus.
During the fur seal controversy between England and the
United States in 1892, Dr. Charles H. Townsend and the
present writer visited Guadalupe Island in the hope of securing
specimens of the fur seal said to have once existed there. The
net result of our trip was four more or less broken skulls upon
which was based a genus and species new to North America,
Arctocephalus townsendi. In Dr. Townsend's report he men-
tions several living specimens as being seen but not taken. In
the light of recent events, I have some doubts as to the animals
seen were really fur seals ; they may have been young California
sea lions. The yearling Zalophus is quite easily mistaken under
conditions such as we encountered, and though we may have
seen Arctocephalus it is by no means certain. However, in 1893.
there were said to have been 35 fur seals killed on Guadalupe
and 15 the year following, the last being the final record, so
far as I know, although I am of the opinion that a few were
taken from year to year for some time. One of the chief ob-
jects of the voyage of the Tecate in 1922 was to secure all
evidence possible as to the fur seal in the past and to ascertain
if living animals were to be found.

On July 16 we examined the old rookery at Jacks Bay on the
weather (west) side of the island, where the skulls of Arcto-
cephalus were found in 1892. At this point we found a re-
markably well defined rookery, marked by well polished rocks,

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 307

that at one time accommodated fully 30,000 adult seals. As is
well known to those familiar with the habits of fur seals, they
restrict themselves to certain limits, preferably a boulder-
strewn beach, where in time — hundreds of generations perhaps
— the rocks become polished and the rookery limits defined as
sharply as if painted. A short distance inland from the rookery
are eight stone huts, four of which were seemingly for store-
houses and four for living quarters. The walls only are left,
and it is evident that the roofs were of canvas or hides. Still
further inland is an extensive area of land cleared of stones
and, leading to it from the rookery, a walled driveway, the
walls being of stones and palm logs — the cleared space being
the killing and skinning grounds.

From the evidence obtainable, this was the work of Russians,
who came from the north with Aleuts not less than 125 years
ago. Not a bone or fragment is left of the many thousands of
fur seals killed there in the past. At the south end of Guada-
lupe is a still larger rookery, estimated to have been populated
by 30,000 or more. Here, as at Jacks Bay, are a number of
stone walls marking the sites of storehouses and living quar-
ters. On the beach above the rookery, the cleared area is
marked by thousands of wooden pegs once in use to hold the
skin stretched until dry enough to store for shipment. Many
of the pegs today mark the outlines of what was a seal skin
over 100 years ago, and so kindly have the elements treated the
wood that there is scarcely any decay, but here, as at the
northern rookery, no bones of Arctocephalus were found. A
somewhat smaller fur seal rookery was found on the east side
of the island, and it was estimated that at one time Guadalupe
was populated by at least 100,000 fur seals, old and young.

I have knowledge of two fur seals being shot on the west
San Benito in about the year 1890.

While the Guadalupe Fur Seal was resident to a far greater
degree than its northern relative, there were periods each year
for some two or three months when it left the islands and dis-
appeared. Where it went the hunters were unable to tell me,
nor can I even say at what time of the year it migrated. During
a large part of the time it was found about the island. It in-
habited the many caves found here, and there is a chance that

308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

some such cave dwellers may have been overlooked at the time
we were exploring the islands.

I find among the early records of the islands some very inter-
esting notes on the fur seal, as the log of the Port au Prince,
a whaler that sailed from England, February 12, 1805, and
toucned at Cedros for a cargo of elephant seal oil. Leaving
Cedros on August 23, she proceeded to the Benitos 15 miles
west, where in 19 days, 8,338 fur seals were killed. The ship
Dromio, out of Boston, arrived at "Shelvrocks Island"
(Socorro) in November, 1808, and in two weeks killed 3,000
fur seals. Another early navigator states that as he found the
northern islands — Santa Barbara Islands and those of Lower
California — being sealed by the Russians, he proceeded to
Socorro where, in a day's search he saw some 20 fur seals
and 1,500 sea lions. The fur seal outlook not being inviting.
the ship did not engage in that trade.

The fur seals of Guadalupe must have been commercially ex-
terminated by the Russians early in the last century, for noth-
ing seemed to have been known of them during the American
occupation of California until about 1876, when they were acci-
dentally discovered by a schooner from San Diego, and for a
short time a profitable trade was enjoyed by a number of small
craft. The curtain was rung down on the last act in 1894,
when 15 were said to be the season's catch. We have authentic
records of 5,575 being killed at Guadalupe and San Benito
between 1876 and 1894. Whether there will be others in the
years to come remains to be seen.

11. Phoca richardii geronimensis.

San Geronimo Harbor Seal

This species never was very abundant on the coast of Lower
California, but a few were seen on the sand bars in San Ouintin
Bay. On San Roque Island, August 2. there were a dozen or
more on the rocks. They seem to avoid the company of other
species, and are more at home on the sand bars and mud flats
of enclosed waters than the rocky shores and surf that seem
to suit the requirements of Zalophus.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 309

12. Macrorhinus angustirostris. Elephant Seal

The history of this most interesting- species is filled with
tragedy. Once it was abundant from the region of Santa Bar-
bara to Magdalena Bay, some 800 miles of coast line. It became
so reduced in numbers, due to extensive slaughter on the part of
the early whalers who killed the animal for the oil, that as long
ago as 1869, Scammon regarded it as "nearly, if not quite, ex-
tinct." Since that day naturalists have several times unexpect-
edly encountered a small family and, in killing them, have
secured for science what they honestly looked upon as the last
of the species. Although the taking of these last survivors was
regarded as regrettable in the extreme, it was considered justi-
fied, on the grounds that the species was doomed to die at the
hands of whalers or sealers, and museums were in need of the
specimens.

The present condition of the remnant of the once abundant
species speaks volumes for its ability to rebuild, if given oppor-
tunity. In 1911, Charles H. Townsend found 150 on the west
side of Guadalupe, at the same hauling grounds where he and
the present writer found nine in 1892, — of which seven were
killed for the National Museum at Washington. On the return
of Dr. Townsend's expedition, the newspa|)ers of the coast
featured the rediscovery of this strange creature in such man-
ner that the public was led to think that the capture of one
meant an independent fortune for the captor, and as a result
to be expected the fishermen of southern California flocked
to the spot to reap the harvest. It would be impossible to state
how many were killed, but they were numerous and, needless
to state, the specimens thus killed were of no value to museums.
The Mexican Government, at this stage of the game, placed an
embargo on the killing of elephant seals, and, for a time at
least, the few living were given a respite.

In the winter of 1920-21, an enterprising whaler, hearing
of the occurrence of the species on the coast of Lower Cali-
fornia, outfitted for a cruise that was intended to bring their
history to an end. Fortunately, however, it was supposed that
the elephant seals were in the Gulf of California. Guadalupe

3IQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Island was not visited, and the voyage, from a commercial
point, was a failure.

About the time plans were being made for the total extermi-
nation of this species by way of the whaler's try-pot, a com-
pany operating a fertilizer plant in California applied to Dr.
Hanna, of the California Academy of Sciences, tor information
as to the whereabouts of the sea elephants, stating they wanted
to use what were left for a few days' run of their plant. Need-
less to state, the information was not given, and while some
cabbage field may have lost a temporary stimulant, the ele-
phants were given another reprieve. In July, when the Guada-
lupe elephant bjach was visited by our expedition, we found
264 animals hauled on the sand, 14 of which seemed to be
young of the year and presumably there was an equal number
of mothers. While the adult animals are quite fearless, even
almost impossible to disturb to the extent of causing them to
leave the beach, the pups were rather timid and before the dis-
parity of sexes was noticed all the pups had gone to sea, and
with them the females, leaving only the bulls to interview the
intruding naturalists. At this date (July 12) the younger ani-
mals had seemingly finished the moult and were in a dark
gray or blackish coat, — ^black when first emerging from the
water. Most of the larger bulls were in a tattered, ragged
condition, indicating the extreme moult, the neck and anterior
parts of the body being hung with streamers of cuticle and
hair, oftentimes several inches in length, hanging from pink or
flesh-colored undersurface, suggesting a bad case of sunburn.

In moulting, not only is the hair renewed but the entire
cuticle seems to be shed, the beach being strewn with patches
of the old coat oftentimes as large as a man's hand. On ex-
amination of these detached patches of cuticle and pelage, it is
difficult to tell at a glance which was the inner side, the hair
extending 3 mm. beyond the cuticle on its inner surface and
10 mm. for the exterior measurement. The color is somewhat
lighter on the flesh side as well. These animals with the old
moulting coats were more or less uniform yellowish-tan, or
what is generally recognized in the West as "buckskin" color,
contrasting strongly with the darker — almost black — coats of

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 2)\\

the younger males that had completed the mouU. The pups
that we assumed to be of the current year were about 175
pounds in weight, dark gray above, with an obscure motthng
of the coat in certain hghts, suggestive of the spots in the
coloring of Phoca richardii, the upper coloring gradually fad-
ing to a very light gray — almost white — below.

A yearling size juvenile was estimated to be of about 500
pounds weight and, like the adults, uniform dark gray. In the
adult female the coloring is similar, the only difference being
in the almost total lack of the nasal development so character-
istic of the adult male. In this respect they resemble quite
closely the undeveloped males. A male elephant seal was shot
for the Mexican collections and, though several shots were re-
quired to dispatch the animal, those 10 feet distant paid little or
no attention to the disturbance. The stomach contents of this
animal was a small amount of the volcanic sand of which the
beach is composed.

In 1892 I found sand and pebbles the size of hens' eggs in
the stomachs of those taken for the National Museum, and in
only one was there any indication of the food — a fish, Sebas-
todes( ?), of about one and one-half pounds, together with a
few fronds of kelp that were doubtless unintentionally taken
along with the fish, was taken from the stomach of one young
male.

Before landing, the animals spend some time along the surf
and it is quite possible that digestion is complete before they
land. The stones and sand are no doubt taken from time to
time in capturing their finny prey, and is not in any manner
intentional. Similar matter has been reported as found in the
stomachs of sea lions and fur seals, and has been mentioned as
"ballast" that is taken by the seal before going into the
water, — a story that should be classed with that of the hoop-
snake.

An alarmed elephant seal will often "back up" at a pace ex-
ceeding that usually shown in advancing. This is accomplished
by repeated, sudden jerking of the hind flippers and posterior
part of the body, and is suggestive of the progress of a freshly

312 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

captured lobster. At times they will back down the beach and
into the surf in this manner rather than turn and perhaps lose
sight of the object that threatens. Upon coming out of the
water, the adults leisurely crawled up to a point well above the
tide, frequently pausing to rest, as if the effort were con-
siderable. No use is made of the posterior limbs, the body
being laboriously dragged along by action of the short but
very powerful front flippers and the muscles of the abdomen,
somewhat as an "inch worm" progresses. Finding a spot
suited to its ideals, the animal usually proceeds to pitch sand
over its back, using the front flippers as shovels until the upper
parts are well sanded. The same shovels and lava sand also
come in play as means of defence, for on several occasions
when an animal was disturbed by members of our party a dis-
charge of sand, sent with almost the force of bird shot, caused
a hasty withdrawal. It was quite evident that the barrage was
intended as a defence, for while the sand intended as a cover-
ing for the back is always tossed six or eight feet in the air,
to land largely on the animal, when intended for the face of a
man it was shot backward at a low angle, the seal looking back
over the shoulder to note the effect and turning with surpris-
ing quickness to keep the intruder in range of its artillery.

The adult males are somewhat quarrelsome and, to judge
by the battle-scarred necks and shoulders, indulge in some com-
bats that are decidedly sanguinary. At the time of our visit,
however, an armistice had been declared. Two bulls meeting
often snapped at each other, raising the heads to a surprising
height — eight feet or more, — mouth open and attitude
threatening in the extreme, and such battles resulted in more
threats. When challenging, the bulls often curved the flexible
proboscis over into the wide open mouth until it must have
been nearly at the base of the tongue. At such times they
gave voice to the only sound I have heard, a loud gurgling
roar, that might be compared to a much magnified snore. I
have heard this note when half a mile or more from the ani-
mal. At times, also, the trunk is elevated and recurved until
it points almost backward. At rest and in its normal position,
it is withdrawn until it overhangs the mouth but little and rests

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS At^D MAMMALS 313

ill two or three grotesque folds, extending back nearly to the
eyes.

Estimating the number of female and immature elephant
seals on the basis of the adult males we found on the beach in
July, the entire Guadalupe herd should easily be 1,000 animals.
There were over 300 adult males on the main beach on our
return, July 16, and at the entrance to a large cave north of
the beach we found 36 more, all males. The cave being all but
closed by the high tide, we were unable to ascertain what might
be inside. The Mexicans, however, on a subsequent visit to
the island early in September, found "150 females and an equal
number of pups about thirty inches in length inside the cave."
If this information regarding the young is correct, those which
we saw in July and considered as young of the year were about
ten months old — as the pups of the California sea lion, Zalo-
phus, are fully 30 inches in length at birth. There would seem
to be something further needed in way of data before we defi-
nitely state that the animals seen were in fact Macrorhinus.

Several years ago there were a number of elephant seals
captured at Guadalupe and taken to one of the amusement
piers near Los Angeles, where for a time they were on exhibi-
tion. A storm destroyed the pier and the seals escaped. On
two or three occasions the species has been reported from dif-
ferent points along the Santa Barbara Channel, and it is quite
probable that it is the escapes that were seen. There may
perhaps be a small breeding herd established at some of the
outlying islands which, if protected, will in time re-establish
the species in its old-time haunts among these islands.

For several years past a few elephant seals have been seen
about the San Benito Islands, but it is certain that no colony
has yet been established there. They have been seen in May
and October and in sunicient numbers to indicate that more
than a mere few might have wandered from the main herd.
They no doubt in due time, if the present protection is en-
forced, will regain their lost rookeries on San Benito and
Cedros. We found a number of badly weathered skulls on
each of the above mentioned islands, where the whalers of 50
years or more ago had killed the animals for their oil.

314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The Mexican Government has recently designated both
Guadakipe and Cedros islands as animal refuges, with a very
heavy penalty for any infraction of the lav^. If the regulations
are enforced, there is no doubt but the present species, as well
as others, the future of which is in danger, may enjoy many
more years of existence.

13. Peromyscus eremicus cedrosensis.

Cedros Island White-footed Mouse

Specimens are in the collections from each of the five sta-
tions made on .Cedros Island. The species seemed to be rare
in the interior, out very common along the beaches.

14. Peromyscus eremicus polypolius (?)

Margarita White-footed Mouse

Several Peromyscus were taken on Margarita Island, but all
were so badly mutilated by ants that little could be learned of
the external appearance. One specimen was seemingly of an
almost uniform ashy or pearl gray, lighter below, — perhaps
an albino.

15. Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis.

Sonoran White-footed Mouse

It is with some hesitation that I refer a single Peromyscus
from San Quintin to this race. The specimen is immature and
agrees in a general way with specimens from southern Cali-
fornia of similar age, but the tail is much more sharply bicolor
and the lower parts more decidedly white than any in the col-
lection of the San Diego Society of Natural History.

16. Peromyscus maniculatus coolidgei.
Coolidge White-footed Mouse
At San Bartolome Bay two specimens were taken.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 315

17. Peromyscus maniculatus geronimensis.

Ashy-gray White-footed Mouse

Very abundant on Natividad Island, the only station in its
habitat at which we touched.

18. Peromyscus maniculatus cineritius.
San Roque White-footed Mouse

Very abundant on Asuncion Island. San Roque Island, the
type locality of this subspecies, is but six or seven miles from
Asuncion and with exactly similar conditions and environment.
No traps were set on San Roque, so I am unable to make a di-
rect comparison with specimens from that island. Specimens
were sent to the American Museum of Natural History and
compared with types by my son, H. E. Anthony, who states :

"Very close to cineritius of San Roque ; belly a trifle whiter,
hind feet seeming to lack dusky ankles of San Roque series.
It is possible that the Asuncion animal is a slightly character-
ized subspecies of maniculatus distinct from cineritius, but a
larger series of specimens from Asuncion as well as from San
Roque is needed to establish this point. No apparent skull
differences."

19. Peromyscus maniculatus magdalenae.
Magdalena White-footed Mouse
Common on Magdalena Island.

20. Neotoma intermedia intermedia.
Intermediate Wood Rat
Common about San Quintin Bay.

21. Neotoma intermedia pretiosa.

Matancita Wood Rat

Quite common on both Magdalena and Margarita islands.

315 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sm.

22. Neotoma bryanti.

Cedros Island Wood Rat

Neotoma were found more or less abundantly in all parts of
Cedros Island, more common in the northern end and among
the more broken parts of the island and rather scarce at the
south end, where the land is lower and less suited to their
requirements.

23. Epimys rattus alexandrinus.

Roof Rat

A specimeil taken on the west side of San Quintin Bay op-
posite the settlement. At some time within the past two years
a large steamer was wrecked on San Roque Island, evidently
introducing rats at that point, as a dead Epimys was seen on
the beach.

24. Mus musculus musculus.

House Mouse

Mice of this genus are more or less distributed over Guada-
lupe Island and, as they are more abundant in the sections ad-
jacent to the fur-seal rookeries, it is not improbable that they
were introduced by the Russians a century or more ago. A
single immature mouse was shot at Jacks Bay on the west side
of the island. If this specimen represents the normal color of
the race at present found on Guadalupe, it is a very interesting
illustration of evolution. The upper parts are a rich brown,
several shades darker than any specimen in the collection of the
San Diego Museum of Natural History; below, somewhat
lighter. It will be better, however, to await further specimens
before separating the race.

25. Perognathus helleri.

Heller's Pocket Mouse

The type of this species was taken at San Quintin, where
pocket mice are quite common. For some reason they were

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 317

very hard to trap at the time of our visit, and but two were
secured, both from the west side of the bay.

26. Perognathus penicillatus albulus.

Magdalena Island Pocket Mouse

At Magdalena Bay we found this race not uncommon, but
owing to the ants destroying the specimens only two w^ere
secured in condition worth saving.

27. Perognathus anthonyi,

Anthony's Pocket Mouse

For the past quarter of a century this species has been rep-
resented by the single type in the collection of the Biological
Survey, collected by the present writer at South Bay, Cedros
Island. During the summer of 1922 we found the species
rather commonly distributed over the island, from the sandy
arroyos at the beach to the rocky hillsides nearly or quite, to
the tops of the higher mountains. For some reason, this
species was very difficult to secure in traps and only six speci-
mens were taken. The series, however, shows a very inter-
esting condition of moult, which is perhaps best expressed in
Dr. Nelson's letter regarding the series :

"The specimens of Perognathus from Cedros Island have
been compared with the type taken by you at South Bay many
years ago. One of these from the west side of Cedros Island,
like the others from South Bay, agrees closely with the type.
These specimens in fresh pelage are, however, nearly through-
out more blackish, less brownish, than the tyj>e, which is in a
worn and somewhat faded pelage. In one of your examples,
however, the pelage change is evidently progressive, beginning
on the anterior part of the body. The brownish rump and hind
legs still in worn pelage very closely resemble the faded pelage
of the type, showing that the apparent difference in general
color is only seasonal. These specimens of Perognathus an-
thonyi are of considerable interest, as, up to the time of this
second collection, the type had remained unique."

313 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The work of this species so closely resembles the hills that
mark the burrows of Thomomys that for many years I have
felt certain that there was a species of that genus to be found
on Cedros Island. Dr. Hanna, though experienced in collect-
ing pocket gophers, was also misled by the many "dumps"
along the gulches and it was not until we had dug into several
of the burrows and unearthed a pocket mouse that we reluc-
tantly agreed that we had been deceived.

28. Dipodomys merriami parvus.
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat
Not uncommon at San Quintin. Three specimens.

29. Dipodomys platycephalus.

One night was devoted to the traps at Abreojos Point, but,
though signs of Dipodomys were noted in several places, no
specimens were taken. An owl pellet, which was found near
the beach, contained the skull and bones of the above species.

30. Ammospermophilus leucurus peninsulae.

Lower California Ground Squirrel

Common on the plain east of San Quintin, where two were
secured, July 20.

31. Lepus calif ornicus martirensis.

San Pedro Martir Jack Rabbit

Two jack rabbits taken at San Quintin in July are somewhat
puzzling. If one is to judge from the coloring as given in
Nelson's "Rabbits of North America," tliev would be classed
as martirensis, to which form I have provisionally assigned
them ; though the measurements agree more closely to those of
hennettii.

Vol. XIV] ANTHONY— THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 319

32. Lepus californicus magdalenae.

Magdalena Island Jack Rabbit

On the west side of Margarita Island we found this strongly
marked race rather common, but not easily collected owing to
its keeping largely in the thick growth of underbrush found
along this side of the island. A half-grown young was shot
July 29. '

33. Sylvilagus bachmani cinerascens.

Ash-colored Cottontail

A single specimen of the brush rabbit from San Quintin I
have regarded as this race. There is nothing to distinguish it
from specimens taken at San Diego, either in color or measure-
ments, though the locality is well within the range of exiguus
and considerably south of recorded capture of cinerascens.

34. Sylvilagus bachmani cerrosensis.

Cedros Island Cottontail

Two specimens of this species were secured from Cedros
Island.

35. Odocoileus cerrosensis.

Cedros Island White-tailed Deer

We found this deer fairly common on Cedros Island, though
since its discovery a quarter of a century ago it has been re-
duced to the point of extinction by mining operators that de-
pended upon venison to furnish meat the year round for a
large force of workmen. The last company working the mines
at the north end of Cedros is said to have left several dogs
that have multipled until at this date several large packs are
roaming the island and killing many does and fawns. In
August we secured several specimens and saw others.

320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

36. Antilocapra americana peninsularis.

Lower California Antelope

Formerly quite abundant from San Quintin south to Turtle
Bay, but reduced at this writing to but a remnant of its former
numbers, due chiefly to hunters hired by American corporations
operating mines and quarries within the range of the species.
The only evidence we found was a horn, from a recently killed
animal, at Abreojos Point.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 14, pp. 321-343. September 5, 1925

XIV
EXPEDITION TO GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO,

IN 1922^

THE COLEOPTERA

BY

FRANK E. BLAISDELL, Sr.

This report covers the Coleoptera taken by the expedition of
the CaHfornia Academy of Sciences to Guadalupe and other
islands off the west coast of Lower California in July and
August, 1922. This expedition was made possible through the
courtesy of the Mexican Government, which placed its fish-
eries patrol boat Tecate at the services of the Academy and
the San Diego Society of Natural History and collaborated
with those institutions in the work of the expedition. No
entomologist accompanied the party, but a very good series of
insects was secured through the efforts of Dr. G. Dallas Hanna
and Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, who devoted as much time to this
work as they could spare from their other duties. The fact
that 14 new species and a good series of other rare beetles
were taken fully justifies the effort made.

'This paper is No. 3 of the Tecate expedition. No. 1, the Narative, gives a complete
itinerary. See this volume, pp. 217-275.

September 5. 1925

322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

List of the Species Taken
1. Cicindela latisignata Lee.

One female at San Quintin, July 19, by Dr. Hanna. The
legs and propleura rather more coppery than usual.

2. Cicindela haemorrhagica Lee.

A series of nine specimens taken at San Quintin, July 19,

Magdalena Bay July 26, and Cedros Island August 7, by Dr.

Hanna.

I

3. Cicindela sigmoidea Lee.

Nine specimens were secured at San Quintin, July 19, by
Dr. Hanna.

4. Calosoma semilaeve Lee.

Two good specimens and one badly damaged specimen were
collected at San Quintin, July 20, and on Guadalupe Island,
July 13 and 15, by Dr. Hanna.

5. Celia calif ornica Dej.

A moderate series was taken on Guadalupe Island, July 13
and 15, by Dr. Hanna.

6. Amara insignis Dej.

A small series obtained on Guadalupe Island, July 13 and 15,
by Dr. Hanna.

7. Calathus obscurus Lee.

Three specimens were taken on the main land at San Quin-
tin, Lower California, on July 19, by Dr. Hanna.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 323

8. Calathus guadalupensis Casey

A fine series of this large species was taken on Guadalupe
Island, July 13 and 15, by Dr. Hanna.

9. Platynus (Leucagonum) guadalupense Casey

In this species the body is more abbreviated than in maculp-
collis Dej. Three specimens. Guadalupe Island, July 15, by
Dr. Hanna.

10. Pinacodera semisulcata Horn

A moderately large series of this species was secured on
Asuncion Island, August 1, by Dr. Hanna.

11. Pinacodera sulcipennis Horn

Three specimens were taken by Dr. Hanna at San Quintin,
July 19.

12. Dicheirus piceus Men,

Guadalupe Island, July 14, N. E. Landing. One specimen
secured by Dr. Hanna.

13. Anisotarsus flebilis Lee.

A single example of this species was found on Guadalupe
Island, July 17, by Mr. Slevin.

14. Creophilus villosus Grav.

A single example of this common and widely distributed
species was taken on Guadalupe Island, July 15, by Mr. Slevin.

15. Trichochrous margaritae Blaisdell, new species

Form parallel to slightly oblong-ovate and moderately convex. Lustre
dull. Color nigro-piceous ; legs bright rufous ; antennae more or less

324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

rufo-piceous distally, toward base rufous ; first joint usually rufo-piceous ;
terminal two joints of the maxillary palpi blackish at apex; mouth parts
more or less pale, labrum rufous ; elytra at apex more or less obscurely
reddish.

Pubescence slightly squamiform above, dense, short, recumbent, with
no evidence of longer intermixed hairs; color ashy. Lateral pronotal
and elytral fimbriae moderately short, not very closely placed. Body be-
neath with finer, longer and more sparsely placed hairs.

Head relatively small, subtriangular, muzzle short; front scarcely im-
pressed, punctures fine and not crowded. Eyes prominent. Antennae
moderately stout and extending length of terminal joint beyond pronotal
base.

Pronotum about a fourth to a third wider than long; apex truncate in
moderate circular arc ; apical angles obtusely rounded ; sides scarcely
subangulately arcuate just behind middle at point of greatest width,
thence feebly arcuate and converging to apex and base ; base broadly
arcuate with the angles broadly rounded ; disk rather strongly and evenly
convex ; punctures fine and not dense.

Elytra about twice as long as wide, moderately and evenly convex ;
sides parallel, punctures fine and not dense. Abdomen finely and rather
densely punctate.

Male : Narrower and more parallel. Fifth ventral truncato-sinuate.
Female: Rather more oblong-ovate, and a little w^ider; fifth ventral
rather subangulately arcuate at apex.

Length (types) 1.6-2.4 mm.; width .8-1 mm.

Type: Male, No. 1676, and allotype, female, No. 1677, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Dr. G. D. Hanna, July 29, 1922,
on Santa Margarita Island. Paratypes in the collection of the
Academy and in that of the author.

According to Casey's table of species, margaritcs falls near
innocetts Casey and apicalis Casey. Innocens is more elongate
with less dense and pale fulvous pubescence. In apicalis the
pronotum is transversely oval and the body stouter, with the
elytra more widely testaceous at apex. A series of 15 speci-
mens has been studied.

16. Necrobia rufipes De G.

One specimen of this cosmopolitan species taken on Guada-
lupe Island, July 11, by Dr. Hanna.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 325

17. Nemognatha insularis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate. Color fulvous throughout, except the antennae, tips of
femora, tibiae and tarsi, which are deep black. Surface sparsely clothed
with short and nearly erect black hairs, those of the under parts longer.

Head finely and rather thickly punctate ; eyes oblong-oval, slightly sinu-
ate anteriorly; maxillae slender, moderately short, attaining base of me-
tasternum when the head is flexed against the presternum; antennae ex-
tending to about middle of elytra.

Pronotum subquadrate, slightly widest in anterior third, angles round-
ed; apex rather arcuate, feebly sinuate in middle third; sides feebly
arcuate, slightly convergent posteriorly ; base arcuate ; disc moderately
and quite evenly convex, very finely and not densely punctate. Elytra
finely and not very closely punctate. Spurs of the metatibiae, equal and
slender.

Male : Abdomen with sparsely placed and rather long black hairs ;
fourth and fifth segments with median tufts of pale hairs; sixth seg-
ment apparently impressed and deeply emarginate, emargination tri-
angular and about twice as deep as wide at base.

Length (types) 7.5-9 mm. ; width 2-2.4 mm.

Insularis approaches nearest to an unnamed Sierran species.
It should follow scutellaris Lee. in our lists.

Type: Male, No. 1678, and allotype, female, No. 1679, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Dr. G. D. Hanna, August 4,
1922, at Bernstein's Spring, on Cedros Island. Paratype, one
male in collection of the author.

18. Buprestis aurulenta L.

One specimen taken on Guadalupe Island, July 15, by Dr.
Hanna.

19. Agrilus blandus Horn
One specimen taken on Cedros Island by Dr. Hanna.

20. Dermestes vulpinus Fab.

A moderate series was taken by Dr. Hanna at the following
places : Asuncion Island, August 1 ; San Roque Island, August
2; Abreojos Point, July 31.

September 5, 1935

326 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

21. Rhagodera laticeps Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, a little more than three times as long as wide, slightly
wider posteriorly and moderately convex. Color nigro-piceous and usual-
ly more or less covered by a grayish coating.

Head nearly quadrate, slightly dilated anteriorly and coarsely punctate ;
front with or without impressions, when distinct noticeable along the
frontal suture, on vertex and broadly and feebly within the eyes ; super-
ciliary ridge acute but not raised above the eyes as in costata; sides of
front obliquely emarginate at oblique suture.

Pronotum broader than long, sides arcuate anteriorly, becoming broadly
sinuate, convergent, straight or parallel to base, where the angles are
subrectangular and slightly prominent posteriorly; sides feebly denticu-
late ; disk strongly bicostate, costae scarcely arcuate and parallel.

Elytra oblong, slightly widest behind ; humeri subrectangnjlar ; sutural,
marginal and the discal costae entire and subacutely elevated; intervals
with two rows of large, coarse, but not strongly impressed punctures.
Body clothed with short scale-like hairs.

Length (type) 7.5 mm. ; width 2.4 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1680, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by Hanna and Slevin, August 13, 1922, on San Benito Island.
Paratypes, 12 females in the Academy collection and in that of
the author.

R. laticeps varies in size just as tuberctUatus does; it is no
larger and is distinct from both that species and costatus.
Horn's description of costatus is too meager and unsatisfac-
tory ; he states that it is more depressed than tuherculatus, with
all the costae more prominent and with deeper interstitial punc-
tures. This is not so with laticeps, for the costae and inter-
stitial punctures are less strongly marked, the elytra are widest
behind the middle ; the basal angles of the pronotum are really
a little more than rectangular, but I do not consider them
acute and posteriorly produced as Horn states of costatus.

R. laticeps is much less rough and less strongly sculptured
than tuherculatus. From Horn's description I drew the in-
ference that costatus is as strongly or more strongly sculptured
than tuherculatus.

22. Melanophthalma distinguenda Com,

Four specimens, all taken at N. E. Landing on Guada-
lupe Island, July 11, by Hanna and Slevin.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 2>27

23. Scymnus guadalupensis Blaisdell, new species

Form moderately broadly oval, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Abdominal
post-coxal arc normal, not quite attaining the apical margin of first seg-
ment, arcuate throughout, curving forward externally and attaining the
basal margin of the segment. Presternum rather wide and feebly con-
vex between the coxae ; carinae feeble and converging slightly anteriorly,
entire, intervening surface glabrous. Body bicolored, pale above and
somewhat nubilate. Pubescence sparse, short, pale flavate in color and
irregularly directed. Color beneath deep black; legs rather dark luteo-
fiavate; head, pronotum and elytra, more or less castaneous.

Head piceo-castaneous, front plane, finely and sparsely punctate.

Pronotum transverse, sides discontinuous with those of the elytra,
feebly arcuate and parallel; base lobed at middle third, thence obliquely
and very feebly arcuate; disk blackish in central and basal two-thirds
and narrowly so along the apical margin behind the head, punctures
sparse and slightly coarse.

Elytra narrowly black on the sutural margins, and very indefinitely
clouded on each elytron near the base ; punctures scarcely coarse and
sparsely placed, finer along the suture. Scutellum black. Beneath
densely and rather coarsely punctate, including the post-coxal plate.

Length 2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Type: No. 1681, Mus, Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr.
Slevin, July 17, 1922, at the South Anchorage, Guadalupe
Island.

Fall, in his "List of the Coleoptera of the Southern Cali-
fornia Islands," does not mention a sing-le species of Scymnus
as having- been taken on Guadalupe Island. The single speci-
men at hand is well preserved and surely does not agree with
anything mentioned by Casey in his "Revision of the American
Coccinellidae, nor apparently with any species given in the
Biologia.

S. guadalupensis resembles nehulosiis at first sight. Its color
is darker, the post-coxal lines are complete, the prosternum is
less convex and the carinae feeble and more widely separated,
with the intervening surface glabrous. In nebiilosus the post-
coxal lines are incomplete, the prosternum more convex, cari-
nae stronger and more evidently converging anteriorly with the
intervening space narrower.

328 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

24. Coccinella califomica Mann.

Nineteen specimens. Guadalupe Island, July 11-15, col-
lected by Hanna and Slevin.

25. Exochomus fasciatus Casey

One specimen was secured at each of the following places:
San Quintin, July 19; Natividad Island, August 3; Santa
Margarita Island, July 29 ; all by Dr. Hanna.

26. Cistelid, undetermined species

I

27. Cryptadius inflatus Lee.

Seven specimens, Natividad Island, August 3 ; Asuncion
Island ; Angulo Rock, August 1 ; San Roque Island, August
2 ; secured by Hanna and Slevin.

28. Stibia williamsi Blaisdell, new species

Form ovate, about twice as long as wide, elytra somewhat inflated,
strongly convex. Color dark nigro-^iceous ; legs and antennae slightly
rufo-piceous ; surface shining and glabrous, head and pronotum slightly
duller.

Head rather coarsely and confluently punctate; deflexed epistomal lobe
triangular, line forming the upper margin of the deflexed portion not
strong and, as usual, continuous with the sides of the front when viewed
from above ; mandibular tooth subapical. Antennae long and slender,
tenth joint attaining pronotal base.

Pronotum transverse and moderately convex ; apex truncate in moder-
ate circular arc ; apical angles rectangular and subacute ; sides broadly
arcuate, slightly straighter posteriorly than anteriorly, margin acute but
not noticeably beaded; basal angles obtuse and distinct; base slightly
sinuate laterally ; disk densely but not very coarsely, and more or less
confluently, punctate; punctures rather discrete along the lateral margin.

Elytra oval, about a third longer than wide, somewhat inflated ; disk
with nine discal series of moderately strong punctures and a short scutel-
lar row which is more or less confused and indistinct ; the series becom-
ing obsolete on the apical declivity before the apex; intervals with few
extremely fine punctules. Body beneath strongly and coarsely punctate
on the metasternum, punctures slightly finer on the prosternum, still

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA $29

finer on the abdomen toward base, and distinctly fine on last three seg-
ments. Legs moderate in length, finely and rather evenly punctate.

Male : Usually a little smaller than the opposite sex ; elytra less broadly
oval, abdomen less convex.

Length (types) 8,5-9.5 mm.; width 4-4.5 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1682, and allotype, male, No. 1683, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 13,
1922, on Middle San Benito Island. Paratypes, same data and
from East and West San Benito Islands, August 12, 13, 1922.
106 specimens studied.

In 5". piincticollis the elytral series of coarse punctures are
entire and attain the apex. In zvillmmsi the series become ob-
solete on the apical declivity as in Triorophus. In hannai the
form is narrower in both sexes and not in the least inflated,
punctuation of head and pronotum coarser and more evidently
coalescent; punctuation of abdomen stronger. 6*. sparsa is
more polished, the pronotal punctures discrete and well separ-
ated and basal angles of pronotum very small and acute. 6*.
opaca is very different in its dull surface and convex elytral
intervals.

29. Stibia hannai Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate suboval, elytra not inflated and strongly convex. Color
nigro-piceous ; legs and antennae ruf o-piceous ; luster shining, head and
pronotum slightly duller, surface glabrous.

Head coarsely and confluently punctate; deflexed epistomal lobe ob-
tusely triangular, line forming upper limit of deflexed portion continu-
ous with sides of front, not strong, but more so than in williamsi; sur-
face impressed behind the raised frontal line. Antennae slender, extend-
ing to beyond the pronotal base.

Pronotum transverse, widest before the middle; apex truncate; apical
angles acutely rectangular; sides broadly arcuate, straighter behind and
converging to the base, margin acute; base slightly arcuate at middle
and feebly sinuate laterally; basal angles obtuse and distinct; disk quite
coarsely, densely, and more or less confluently punctate, slightly and nar-
rowly impressed along lateral edge, where the surface is shining and
glabrous with the punctures finer and discrete.

Elytra oval, about twice as long as wide, sides subparallel ; base equal
to pronotal base, humeri obtuse and distinct; sides broadly arcuate to
apex, the latter rather narrowly rounded; disk with unimpressed striae

330 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sek.

of rather large and closely placed punctures which become more or less
obsolete before attaining the apex; intervals obsoletely punctulate.

Abdomen rather coarsely and not closely punctate on first three seg-
ments, punctures finer on fourth and fifth segments. Sterna and side
pieces coarsely and strongly punctate. Legs moderately and somewhat
finely, densely punctured.

Male : Usually smaller and rather less elongate. Female : Larger and
rather more elongate. Elytra similar in the two sexes.

Length (types) 7-8 mm.; width 2.5-3 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1684, and allotype, male, No. 1685, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 1,
1922, on Angulo Rock, Asuncion Island. Paratypes, same data
and Natividad Island, August 3, 1922, in collection of the
Academy and in that of the author. 46 specimens studied.

S. hannai differs distinctly from williamsi in its narrower
and more elongate form, and coarser punctuation of head and
pronotum; elytral striae less abbreviated on apical declivity
than in williamsi. Other differential considerations are given
under the latter species.

30. Centrioptera spiculifera Lee.

This species occurs on Santa Margarita Island, where a
single specimen was obtained by Hanna and Slevin July 29.

31. Centrioptera pectoralis Blais.

One specimen taken at Grand Caiion, Cedros Island, August
7, by Hanna and Slevin.

32. Argoporis ebenina Horn

San Benito Island. Four specimens were collected on
August 13, by Hanna and Slevin.

33. Argoporis impressa Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-oval, subparallel and moderately convex. Color
black; legs and antennae concolorous, dark rufous or lighter, antennae
frequently somewhat darker ; luster dull and feebly shining.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 33 1

Head very finely and rather densely punctate, sides not broadly re-
flexed ; surface depressed along frontal suture, front feebly convex ; epi-
stoma feebly and evenly convex, apex slightly arcuate, with a very small
emargination at middle, on each side of which is a feeble tumescence.
Antennae short, moderately robust and slightly incrassate, joints seven to
10 transverse.

Pronotum subquadrate, a little wider than long; apex feebly arcuate,
apical angles obtusely rounded ; sides broadly arcuate, very gradually
convergent to base, the latter transverse and rather broadly beaded lat-
erally ; disk very minutely and subobsoletely punctulate, moderately con--
vex and more or less arcuately declivous antero-laterally.

Elytra oblong-oval, two and a half times longer than pronotum; base
equal to pronotal base, humeri minutely prominent ; sides broadly arcuate
and parallel, arcuately convergent posteriorly to the rather broadly round-
ed apex; disk with feebly impressed s1ri?e of rather coarse punctures, the
latter somewhat strongly impressed; intervals flat or slightly convex, ex-
tremely minutely punctulate.

Legs rather slender, finely punctulate. Abdomen finely punctulate and
more or less rugulose.

Male : Usually a little larger than female. Middle of first abdominal
segment with a small tubercle, the latter slightly raised and rounded,
surrounding surface not noticeably more punctate. Posterior femora with
a moderately slender acute tooth, about three times as long as wide at
middle, edges very finely denticulate, especially posteriorly. Female
usually smaller than male. Edges of tibial groove of posterior femora,
finely denticulate in distal half.

Length (types) 13-12 mm. ; width 4.2-3.9 mm.

Type: Male, No. 1686, and allotype, female, No. 1687, Mus.
CaHf. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 3,
1922, on Natividad Island. Paratypes, same data and from
Angulo Rock, Asuncion Island, August 1, and San Roque
Island, August 2, 1922. About 38 specimens studied.

The males of the several species present differential charac-
ters as follows : A. inconstans has a truncate epistomal apex
and rufous legs, the femoral teeth are long; in cequalis the
femoral teeth are truncate at tip and the epistomal apex arcu-
ate; cbcnina has black legs (sometimes rufous), the epistomal
apex truncate and the elytra more smoothly sculptured, nitida
has three equidistant teeth on hind femur, while in costipennis
the elytra are sulcate and the femoral teeth are large, acute,
with finely denticulate edges; alutacea has the teeth bifid and
the edges finely denticulate, while bicolor has two small, acute
and exactly equal teeth which are widely separated.

332 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser,

34. Cerenopus concolor Lee.

A single specimen was found at Bernstein's Spring, on
Cedros Island, August 4, by Dr. Hanna.

35, Eleodes pygmaea Blais.

San Quintin, Lower California, one example, July 19, Dr.
Hanna, collector.

36. Eleodes insularis Linell

Two females of this species were found at Grand Cafion,
Cedros Island, August 7, by Hanna and Slevin.

37. Eleodes militaris Horn

Four specimens, Grand Canon, Cedros Island, August 7,
by Hanna and Slevin.

38. Eleodes adumbrata Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, subfusiform oval to ovate, moderately convex, scarcely
inflated. Color deep black, luster dull, feebly shining.

Head moderate, slightly transverse before the post-ocular line ; front
slightly convex, finely and irregularly punctate, punctures may be sparse
along median line; sides straight and convergent in front of eyes, epi-
stomal apex transverse, scarcely sinuate, angles obtuse, frontal suture
evident or obsolete. Eyes moderate in size, slightly more prominent
than side of front at anterior canthi. Antenns slender, last three joints
about as wide as long, scarcely wider than the preceding joints which
are longer than wide; fourth joint equal in length to fifth and sixth
taken together.

Pronotum about a third wider than long, widest at middle; apex arcua-
to-truncate between the acute and moderately anteriorly prominent apical
angles ; sides quite evenly and broadly arcuate from apex to base, with
a very feeble tendency to become sinuate near the angles, marginal bead
fine ; base broadly arcuate and about equal to apex ; basal angles obtuse
and not in the least prominent ; disk rather strongly and evenly convex
from side to side ; rather strongly declivous at the apical angles where
the surface of the angles is slightly impressed; extremely finely to sub-
obsoletely punctate.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 333

Elytra oval, obtusely pointed behind, about a third longer than wide;
base broadly and feebly emarginate, adapted to and equal to the pronotal
base ; humeri obtuse, angle distinct but not in the least prominent ; sides
broadly arcuate becoming somewhat straighter and oblique in apical third
to apex ; disk moderately convex on dorsum, more strongly and rather
broadly rounded laterally, finely punctate ; punctures equal ; strial series
more or less distinct ; interstitial punctures sparse and irregular ; intervals
more or less convex giving a feebly costate appearance ; arcuately and
rather gradually declivous posteriorly.

Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, more or less rugulose; punctures
denser on fifth segment, each with a brownish seta, the latter dense on
and about the apical margin. Legs moderately long, relatively slender,
closely and finely punctate, each puncture with a small brownish seta;
posterior tibiae slightly arcuate ; anterior femora armed in both sexes ;
inner edge of the tibial groove slightly explanate with tooth at about
apical fourth, thence sinuate to apex.

Male : Narrower and subfusiform-oval. Abdomen on same plane as
sterna, moderately convex, flattened at middle of first three segments,
more or less impressed in median line; anterior tarsal grooves open.
Female broader and more ovate; abdomen more strongly and evenly
convex.

Length (types) 24-22.0 mm.; width 8.5-9 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1688, and allotype, male, No. 1689, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 13,
1922, on Middle San Benito Island. Paratypes, same data and
from East and West San Benito Islands, and on Asuncion
Island, August 1, 1922, in collection of the California Academy
of Sciences and in that of the author; 17 specimens studied.

E. adumbrata belongs to the eschscholtzii group of the sub-
genus Eleodes and should follow inUata in our lists. It differs
from all others of the group by the fine, equal elytral punctu-
ation ; in the typical form, the elytra are subcostate.

39. Eleodes discincta Blaisdell, new species

This species is closely related to adumbrata, but differs
mainly in the flat elytral intervals; strial punctures usually
slightly larger than the interstitial, and never as coarse as in
luccB or inflata. Otherwise it is similar to adumbrata. It also
belongs to the eschscholtzii group and should follow adum-
brata in our lists. It also presents greater variation in size

034 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

and the males are markedly elongate, somewhat resembling the
same sex in longicollis and gigantea.

Length (types) 25 mm. ; width 9-10 mm. The largest and
most elongate male from Asuncion Island, measures 32.5 mm.
in length and 9 mm. in width ; largest and most robust female
from Santa Margarita Island, measures 33 mm. in length and
12 mm. in width.

Type: Female, No. 1690, and allotype, male. No. 1691, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Dr. G. D. Hanna, August 3,
1922, on Natividad Island. Paratypes, same data, and on
Angulo Rock, Asuncion Island, Cedros Island and on Santa
Margarita Island, July 29, 1922.

E. discincta occurs also on the mainland at San Quintin if
two females in the author's collection are correctly labelled. I
believe these specimens were taken on a former expedition sent
out by the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos
Islands in 1905-6, and were collected by Mr. F. X. Williams.

40. Eleodes inepta Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, subfusiform oval, about three times as long as wide,
moderately convex. Color deep black, very dull in luster and alutaceoits.

Head rather small, short before the post-ocular line; front convex,
finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, each puncture with a small fer-
ruginous hair; sides of the front feebly arcuate and convergent anteriorly,
apex of the epistoma truncate and the angles obtuse and somewhat
rounded. Eyes small. Antennae slender, joints less elongate than in
armata and less stout than in militaris, not in the least incrassate.

Pronotum quadrate, widest at middle; apex arcuate between the angles,
which are acute and equilaterally triangular ; sides evenly and broadly
arcuate from apex to base, the latter broadly and, feebly arcuate ; basal
angles obtuse and distinct ; disk evenly and quite strongly convex, laterally
noticeably declivous, very minutely and not closely punctulate.

Elytra elongate, base feebly emarginate, equal to and adapted to the
pronotal base ; humeri obtuse, distinct and not in the least prominent ;
sides broadly and evenly arcuate, obliquely convergent to apex in rather
more than apical third, apex quite narrowly rounded ; disk rather more
than moderately convex on the dorsum, a little more strongly and broadly
rounded laterally, punctures fine, equal in size, rather widely spaced in
unimpressed and feeble striae, the interstitial punctures forming a single
more widely spaced series.

Abdomen moderately convex, slightly flattened along the middle third
but not impressed on the first three segments in the type; apical margin

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 335

of the fifth ventral segment thickly set with short ferruginous setae.
Legs relatively long, moderately slender; all femora armed; hind
tibiae arcuate in basal two-thirds, thence straight and thickened to apex.
Tarsi rather long; plantar grooves of the front tarsi widely open.

Length 23 mm. ; width 7.6 mm.

Type: Male, No. 1692, Mus. Cahf. Acad. Sci., collected by
Hanna and Slevin, August 1, 1922, on Angulo Rock, Asuncion
Island.

E. inepta is described from a unique. It is sufficiently dis-
tinct from all other members of the armata group. From the
standpoint of analogy, it is expected that inepta will vary as
regards the size and sculpturing of individuals. It is to follow
armata in our lists.

41. Eleodes morbosa Blaisdell, new species

Form suboblong-ovate to ovate, about twice as long as wide, resembling
certain forms of omissa of the subgenus Melaneleodes. Q)lor black, some-
what piceous, especially the appendages ; luster moderately shining, head
and pronotum somewhat alutaceous.

Head relatively moderate in size ; front slightly convex, sparsely and
finely punctate, frontal suture more or less evident, surface slightly im-
pressed within the supra-antennal convexities where the punctures are
somewhat denser. Eyes and posterior canthi a little more prominent than
the sides of the front, which are convergent anteriorly, epistomal apex
truncate, or very feebly sinuate. Antennae comparatively slender and
moderate in length, terminal three joints slightly incrassate and slightly
transverse; joints four to eight inclusive a little longer than wide, the
eighth being subtriangular.

Pronotum about a fifth or a fourth wider than long, widest slightly
in front of the middle ; apex slightly and broadly emarginate between
the anterior angles, which are subacutely rectangular and slightly promi-
nent anteriorly ; sides broadly and rather strongly arcuate from apex to
base, but less so behind the middle, marginal bead fine; base broadly and
feebly arcuate; basal angles obtuse, not rounded and deflexed; disk
moderately strongly convex, feebly and narrowly impressed along the
sides within the bead, evenly declivous antero-laterally, punctures very
fine and rather widely separated, evenly distributed.

Elytra oval, base truncate and equal to the pronotal base, humeri obtuse
but distinct; sides evenly and broadly arcuate, somewhat oblique to apex
in apical third, apex quite narrowly rounded; disk rather strongly convex,

336 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

slightly less so on the dorsum, rather arcuately declivous posteriorly;
punctures moderately small, closely placed in unimpressed striae, and more
widely spaced interstitial series ; punctures becoming more or less con-
fused laterally and on the apex where they are finely but distinctly
muricate.

Abdomen rather finely and not densely punctate. Legs moderate and
relatively short, rather densely sculptured and sparsely clothed with fer-
ruginous setae. All of the femora armed ; tooth of the anterior femora
small and acute, of the middle and posterior femora small and obtuse;
all of the tibiae slightly arcuate, especially in basal third.

Males : Narrower. Abdomen less convex and impressed along the
middle of the first three segments. Plantar grooves open on all the tarsi.
Elytra somewhat more obliquely declivous posteriorly. Female : broader,
abdomen more convex.

Length (types) 17-18.5 mm.; width 6.5-8 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1693, and allotype, male. No. 1694, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 1,
1922, on Angulo Rock, Asuncion Island. Paratypes, same data
and on San Roque Island, August 2, 1922. 157 specimens
studied.

E. morbosa is a very unique type in the fauna of the
western coast, as it has more of the facies of a Melaneleodes
than a member of the armata group of the subgenus Eleodes.
All of the femora are armed. It agrees with certain species
of the Mexican fauna in these respects, but its true relation to
the armata group cannot be determined until some of the Mexi-
can species have been carefully studied, especially as regards
the genitalia ; it may have to be placed in a different section of
the armata group.

42. Megasattus erosus Horn

One imperfect specimen was taken on Cedros Island at
Bernstein's Spring, August 4, by Hanna and Slevin.

43. Ccelotaxis punctulata Horn

A series of 24 specimens of this species was picked up at
N. E. Landing, Guadalupe Island, July 11-15, by Hanna and
Slevin.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 337

44. Conibius guadalupensis Casey

N. E. Landing, Guadalupe Island, July 11-14; Pine Ridge,
July 15, Hanna and Slevin. 13 specimens.

45. Tonibius sulcatus Lee.

San Quintin, Lower California, July 19, Dr. Hanna. 2
examples.

46. Tonibiastes costipennis Horn

A single specimen was secured on Santa Margarita Island,
July 29.

47. Ccelocnemis slevini Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, rather strongly convex. Color deep black, shining;
surface glabrous.

Head moderately large, widest between the antennae, thence convergent
and straight anteriorly to the epistomal apex, the latter truncate, angles
obtuse and slightly rounded ; front impunctate, with few vague impres-
sions, frontal and oblique sutures more or less evident. Eyes not in the
least prominent, just noticeably convex. Antennae short, attaining about
the basal third of the pronotum, slightly and gradually clavate, distal
five joints compressed, eleventh widest.

Pronotum about a fourth or less wider than long, widest near the
middle ; apex truncate in rather moderate circular arc ; apical angles quite
broadly rounded into the sides, which are rather strongly and evenly
arcuate before the middle, thence convergent and more or less broadly
and rather feebly sinuate to the base, marginal bead very fine ; base trun-
cate and more or less obsoletely margined ; basal angles obtuse to rec-
tangular and perfectly distinct; disk moderately strongly convex, im-
punctate and sculptureless ; rather more strongly declivous antero-laterally,
more so postero-laterally in about basal fourth, where it appears slightly
compressed.

Elytra oblong-oval, usually widest behind the middle, strongly convex,
moderately less so and slightly depressed on the dorsum ; base truncate,
not wider than the pronotal base ; scutellum small and triangular ; humeri
very obtuse and rounded ; sides broadly and quite evenly arcuate, rather
less so anteriorly, apex oval ; disk rather obliquely and arcuately declivous
posteriorly, with eight rows of unimpressed and fine punctures, which are
rather unevenly spaced in the series ; a ninth or marginal row is present
against the margin throughout the length ; series rather less evident on
the apical declivity ; intervals impunctate in the specimens at hand.

338 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIE^CES [Proc. 4th See.

Body beneath obsoletely sculptured ; abdomen somewhat rugiilose. Legs
moderately long ; middle and posterior femora rather slender ; obsoletely
sculptured.

Male: Narrower; sides of the pronotum more broadly and evenly
arcuate, not subangulate at middle; abdomen less convex and more
strongly oblique to the sterna. Female : broader and more evidently widest
behind the elytral middle ; pronotal sides subangulate, rather more sud-
denly and broadly sinuate posteriorly ; abdomen subhorizontal.

Length (types) 22.5-27 mm.; width 8.5-11 mm.

Type: Female, No. 1695, and allotype, male. No. 1696, Mus.
CaHf. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 7,
1922, in Grand Canon, Cedros Island. Paratypes, same data,
in the collectioil of the Academy and in that of the author.
Described from five specimens.

After much study and deliberation, by comparing the above
small series with nearly a thousand specimens from all parts
of the Pacific Coast, Nevada and Arizona, I came to the con-
clusion that slevini is a distinct species. It resembles magna
more than any other ; in the female, however, the pronotal
sides are subangulate with the disk slightly depressed at that
point. It is not closely related to dilaticollis or obesa.

48. Cratidus rotundicollis Horn

Five specimens of this rare species were taken on Cedros
Island, August 7, and on Asuncion Island at Angulo Rock,
August 1, by Hanna and Slevin.

49. Amphidora tenebrosa Horn

A single specimen was taken at San Quintin, Lower Cali-
fornia, July 19, by Dr. Hanna.

50. Helops guadalupensis Casey

This fine species was secured on Guadalupe Island, July 15
and 17 at the South Anchorage, by Mr. Slevin.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 339

51. Helops benitensis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oval, subparallel, about two and a half times longer than
wide. Color black; legs and antennae dark rufo-piceous ; luster shining.

Head densely and deeply punctate, punctures moderately coarse and
more or less confluent; sides convergent anteriorly, emarginate at the ob-
lique suture ; epistoma truncate at apex, surface impressed on the frontal
suture and along the sides to the apical margin of the epistoma. Eyes
not more prominent than the sides of the front. Antennae slender, third
joint about equal to combined length of fourth and fifth; joints 4 to 8
longer than wide, subequal in length; terminal four joints compressed
and gradually incrassate.

Pronotum about as wide as long, widest at middle; apex slightly arcu-
ate in moderate circular arc; sides broadly arcuate, rather more strongly
so in middle third, marginal bead fine; angles obtuse; base subtruncate;
disk not impressed, densely and evenly punctate, punctures moderately
coarse and coalescing slightly.

Elytra oval, base slightly bi-marginate ; scutellum very short and trans-
verse, entering very slightly between the elytra; humeri obtuse and dis-
tinct ; sides evenly and broadly arcuate, apex rather broadly rounded ;
disk striato-costate, intervals convex, especially on the apical declivity,
strial punctures rather coarse, closely placed and rather deep, striae not
impressed ; intervals very finely punctulate ; no interstitial tubercles on
sides or apex.

Propleura rather coarsely punctate, with more or less coalescence.
Abdomen moderately convex, finely and rather sparsely punctate, each
puncture with a fine recumbent hair. Legs slender and relatively short ;
anterior tarsi noticeably dilated and clothed beneath with pale hair densely
placed ; middle and posterior tarsi with similar hair but arranged along
the margins and at apex of the joints.

Length 10 mm. ; width 4 mm.

Type: No. 1697, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna
and Slevin, August 13, 1922, on Middle Benito Island.

Very distinct from any species of Helops known to me. At
first there was some doubt as to whether or not it was a Helops.
It answers to the generic test. The front is not as widely
dilated as in other species and not or scarcely more prominent
than the improminent eyes, covering base of mandibles as
usual ; clypeus short, coriaceous. The striato-subcostate elytra
is rather unique.

340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

52. Catorama pusillum Lee.

Two specimens of this small species were taken on Santa
Margarita Island, July 29, by Dr. Hanna.

53. Megasominus thersites Lee.

One imperfect specimen and the elytra of another were
picked up on Cedros Island, on August 4, by Hanna and
Slevin.

54. Ipochus insularis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-oval to slightly oblong-ovate, strongly convex.
G)lor black to nigro-piceous and more or less shining. Pubescence abun-
dant. Surface clothed throughout with erect, soft, pale, moderately long
hairs that are very sparsely scattered ; and coarser, recumbent, somewhat
fulvous hairs ; these latter densely but unevenly distributed, forming a
pattern, particularly on the front and vertex of the head and peripheral
parts of the pronotal disk, and a rather broad parasutural stripe on the
apical declivity of each elytron, besides irregular and anastomosing patches
on the disk, leaving a central oblong glabrous area across the suture in
basal half. Antennae densely clothed with a very fine appressed pile. Ab-
domen with moderately long hairs ; distal half of femora clothed with
pale fulvo-cinereous hairs with intermixed small black spots, tibiae more
or less densely invested with similar hairs and with tuft of fulvous
hair on outer surface in apical third.

Head moderately convex, with few scattered punctures and a fine
median impressed line ; f ronto-epistomal line transverse and rather promi-
nent. Antennae about as long as body.

Prothorax subglabrous, cylindrically convex and nearly as long as wide,
base and apex truncate, sides moderately arcuate ; surface with very small,
closely placed punctures, and larger and sparsely placed asperities, espe-
cially on the sides and across the apex.

Elytra about twice as long as wide, or slightly less, and oblong-sub-
cylindrical in form, more or less abruptly declivous posteriorly ; disk with
sparsely placed asperities. Body finely sculptured beneath. Legs moderate ;
femora moderately and gradually clavate, the anterior less so.

Male : Elongate oblong-oval and subcylindrical, elytra scarcely wider
than the prothorax. Female : Elongate oblong-ovate, usually slightly
flattened on the elytral disk; elytra somewhat widest behind middle and
slightly wider than prothorax.

Length (types) 10.5 mm.; width 3.5-4.5 mm.

Vol. XIV J BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 34 1

Type: Male, No. 1698, and allotype, female, No. 1699, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Hanna and Slevin, August 13,
1922, on Middle San Benito Island. Paratypes, same data, in
collection of the Academy and in that of the author. Eight
specimens.

/. insularis is quite distinct from fasciatus and its races. The
most salient characters are its large size and distinct elytral
asperities. The distribution of the elytral pubescence is dis-
tinctly different in pattern from that seen in fasciatus, where
it forms transverse fasciae.

55. Estola sordida Lee.

Bernstein's Spring, Cedros Island, August 4, collected by
Slevin and Hanna.

56. Ortholeptura insignis Fall

One example of this fine species was found on Guadalupe
Island, July 15, by Hanna and Slevin.

Plenaschopsis Blaisdell, new genus

This new genus differs from Trigonoscuta chiefly in having
the corbels of the metatibise obscurely defined externally by
spines, surface of corbel convex in its anterior half and covered
with short, thick and obtuse spines or scales ; sinuate posterior-
ly, with the outer angle prolonged and obtuse ; corbels closed
off from the articular cavity by a row of spines which are not
closely placed ; articular cavity not scaly as in Trigonoscuta.
Genotype, Plenaschopsis pilosisquajna Blaisdell, new species.

The following characters are common to both genera : Ocu-
lar lobes absent, antennal scrobes lateral and directed inferior-
ly; third joint of all the tarsi wider than second and deeply
lobed ; anterior tibiae dilated at tip ; antennal scape long, passing
the eyes.

General fomi and appearance that of Trigonoscuta. The
tribe Trigonoscutini, as defined by Pierce, must be revised so
as to include the present genus. A tabular statement of the
differences between the two genera may be given as follows:

342

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Metatibial corbels closed.

Corbels concave; external angle not produced; articular cavities
strongly cavernous and scaly Trigonoscuta Motsch.

Corbels convex anteriorly, feebly defined laterally, sinuate, with the
external angle produced; articular cavities not deeply cavernous
and not scaly Plenaschopsis, n.g.

57. Plenaschopsis pilosisquama Blaisdell, new species

Form oval, less elongate than Trigonoscuta pilosa Motsch., robust,
slightly more narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly. Color black, legs
nigro-piceous, tarsi slightly lighter; surface densely covered with cinere-
ous and plumbeo-'cinereous scales, scarcely variegated in the type and
clothed with sparsely placed, nearly erect greyish hairs; scales of two
kinds, one round or oval as in T. pilosa, the other oval and villous or
covered with minute filaments so as to appear shaggy.

Head and rostrum as long as the pronotum. Rostrum suboblong, dis-
tinctly narrower than the head and separated from it by a fine transverse
subangulate line; upper surface finely canaliculate, tip truncate; scrobes
deep and arcuate, with the superior margin distinct to and passing near
the lower margin of the eyes, the latter oval, slightly oblique. Antenna
moderately long; scape almost gradually clavate, passing beyond the eyes
posteriorly; funicle seven-jointed, first three obconic, first and second
elongate, first nearly three times as long as wide, second slightly more
than twice as long as wide; third a little longer than wide; four to six
as long as wide and subglobular ; seventh larger and about as long as the
sixth and twice as wide as long; club oval. Front finely canaliculate be-
tween the eyes.

Pronotum a little broader than long, narrower in front; sides strongly
arcuate, subapical impression very feeble; apex arcuate, slightly sinuate
at middle ; disk strongly arcuate from side to side, and suddenly and very
briefly declivous before the base in middle two fourths, rather coarsely
and closely punctate.

Elytra broadly oval, rather less than a third longer than wide ; scutellum
small and triangular; humeri broadly rounded; sides broadly and rather
moderately strongly arcuate; disk strongly convex, rather abruptly and
arcuately declivous posteriorly, with rows of rather fine punctures, which
are very slightly impressed.

Body beneath not densely scaly; third and fourth abdominal segments
equal in length; hairs sparse and rather long; scales of the under surface
nearly all shaggy as they are on sides of pronotal disk, and on sides, base
and apex of the elytra, with a few similar ones above the eyes ; elsewhere
the scales are round or slightly oval. Legs not closely scaly, hairs quite
long and flying.

Length 6.6 mm. ; width 4 mm.

Vol, XIV] BLAISDELL—THE COLEOPTERA 343

Type: Female, No. 1817, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by Dr. Hanna, August 3, 1922, on Natividad Island.

In pilosisquama the peculiar shaggy scales, less widely open
antennal scobes just before the eyes, antennal joints four to six
subglobular, and the different corbels of the hind tibiae will
amply distinguish this species from Trigonoscuia pilosa, which
it resembles in most all other characters. Described from the
unique type.

te

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 15, pp. 345-367 September 5, 1925

XV

ANTHIDIINE BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY

T. D. A. COCKERELL

University of Colorado

1. Anthidium angelarum Titus

Females: Colton, May 26-28 (Van Duzee) ; hills back of
Oakland, May 8 (Van Dyke) ; Santa Monica (F. C. Clark) ;
Stone Caiion, Monterey Co., April 21 (Van Duzee) ; Poway,
San Diego Co., June 10 (Blaisdell) ; all in California.

Males: Cisco, July (Mrs. H. E. Ricksecker) ; Meadow Val-
ley, 3500-4000 ft., June 5 (Van Dyke) ; Poway, San Diego
Co., May 31 (Blaisdell) ; South Sonoma Co., July 1 (Kusche) ;
all in California.

2. Anthidium nebrascense Swenk

Swenk described this (1914) from Nebraska and Wyoming.
The following year he recorded it from Truckee, Calif. The
Californian specimens before me show variation, but they
agree so closely with the description of A. nebrascense that I
do not know how to separate them. They are close to A. titusi
Ckll., but the end of the abdomen is different.

Males: Panoche Canon, Fresno Co., April 29 (Van Dyke) ;
Colton, May 26-28 (Van Duzee) ; Poway, San Diego Co.,
May 16 (Blaisdell); hills back of Oakland, May 15 (Van

September 5, 1925

346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Dyke) ; Santa Monica (F. C. Clark) ; Stone Canon, Monterey
Co., April 21 (Van Duzee) ; all in California.

The only female which seems likely to belong to these males
is the one which I have identified as A. emargitiatum atripes
Cresson, but the type (male) of atripes is certainly not nebras-
cense. I must leave the final decision about the supposed atripes
to those who can study the species in the field. The black scutel-
lum of the nebrascense males certainly argues against their
association with the supposed atripes; but Swenk has what he
regards as female nebrascense from Wyoming, and it had two
linear marks on scutellum.

3. Anthidium hcsperium Swenk

Females: Mokelumne Hill, October (Blaisdell) ; San Diego
(Blaisdell); Millbrae, San Mateo Co., .Sept. 1 (Blaisdell);
Cr3^stal Lakes, San Mateo Co., June 25 (Van Duzee) ; all in
California. The first abdominal segment usually has an inter-
rupted band instead of four spots, but the insect agrees other-
wise with Swenk's description, based on females from Palo
Alto and Pacific Grove. The male is unknown. The species
seems to belong to late summer and early fall, the earliest date
being June 25, the other known dates in July, September and
October.

4. Anthidium atriventre Cresson

Females: Meadow Valley, Plumas Co., Calif., 6000-7000 ft.,
June 17 (Van Dyke) ; Sparta, Baker Co., Oregon, July 2 (Van
Dyke). Cresson described it from California (Hy. Edwards).

5. Anthidium titusi Cockerell

Males: Kings River Canon, Fresno Co., Calif., July 3 (Van
Dyke) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., Calif., 7000 ft., July 4
(Van Duzee). These specimens have the scutellum entirely
black. The Kings River Canon specimen has hair of head and
thorax above pale fulvous. The reference of these California
insects to A. titusi must be considered provisional, or at least

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 347

tlK.v may be racially distinct. However, the form and structure
agree well.

6. Anthidium blanditum Cresson

Female: South Fork Kings River, Fresno Co., Calif., July 8
(Van Dyke). This is smaller than Cresson's type, and has two
elongate black marks on clypeus, no spot beneath tubercles,
abdominal bands on segments 2 to 4 narrowly interrupted,
and the femora rather differently marked. I assume that it
represents only a variation, but more material is desirable. It
is readily known from angelicum by the angulation at sides of
last segment. The abdominal bands are broad and deep yellow.

7. Anthidium fresnoense Cockerell, new species

Female : Length about 8.5 mm. ; robust, black, head and thorax with
white hair, pure white on thorax above ; eyes bluish green, black at lower
end ; head entirely black, including mandibles, except a round yellow spot
above each eye ; mesothorax very densely punctured ; large mark on
tegulse in front, very small one behind, end of the obtuse tubercles,
and elongate marks on axillae and scutellum, yellow ; scutellum depressed
in middle posteriorly ; legs black, the tibiae with yellow stripes, not reach-
ing the apex; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi black; wings dusky,
second cubital cell long; abdomen with five lemon-yellow bands, and on
first segment four marks, the outer ones large and quadrate, the inner
consisting of transverse stripes ; bands on segments 2 to 6 all narrowly
interrupted and emarginate at sides anteriorly ; ventral scopa dark gray-
brown, white anteriorly and at sides.

Differs from A. palliventre Cress, by the scutellum, axillae
and tibiae being conspicuously marked with yellow. The lemon-
yellow abdominal bands at once separate it from A. teituiflorde
Ckll.

Type: Female, No. 1729, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 12, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California, at 7000 ft. elevation.

8. Anthidium xanthognathum Cockerell, new species

Female: Length 7-8 mm.; compact, black with rather pale, dull yellow
markings; hair of head and thorax dull white, varying to fulvous above;

348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se«.

eyes pea-green, black at lower end ; face all black but mandibles yeftow,
more or less stained with red ; a pale yellow spot above each eye, meso-
thorax shining between punctures ; tegulae broadly in front, end of the
obtuse tubercules and two transverse marks on scutellum, pale yellow ;
the axillje may also be marked with yellow ; wings somewhat dusky ; small
joints of tarsi ferruginous; all the tibiae with a yellow mark at base, or
front pair with a stripe nearly to apex ; hair on inner side of hind basi-
tarsi pale ferruginous ; abdomen with four marks on first segment, the
lateral ones large and quadrate ; segments two to six with narrowly inter-
rupted bands, on 2 and 3 broadly emarginate at sides in front; on sixth
segment the band is reduced to a pair of large transverse subpyriform
spots ; ventral scopa entirely white.

Type: Female, No. 1730, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, September 6, 1896, at Mokelumne Hill,
California. Variant form from Soboba Springs, California,
June 5, 1917 (Van Duzee). The alternative statements in the
description refer to the latter. Resembles fresnoense, but
smaller, with yellow mandibles.

9. Anthidium fontis Cockerell, new species

Male (type): Length about 9 mm.; black with yellow markings, pale
on face, but deep lemon-yellow on abdomen ; head and thorax with abun-
dant long hair, fulvous dorsally, otherwise whitish ; eyes entirely pea-
green ; antennae black, flagellum very obscurely brov/n beneath ; mandibles,
except apex, clypeus, lateral face marks (truncate above at about level of
antennae) and dots above eyes, all yellow; mesothorax very densely punc-
tured ; tegulae broadly in front and spot behind, tubercles, two lines on
scutellum, stripes from end to end of anterior and middle tibiae, and
apical and basal spots on hind tibiae, all yellow; basitarsi pale yellow, small
joints red; wings dusky; first abdominal segment with large lateral and
pyriform median spots; segments 2 to 6 with narrowly interrupted bands,
more or less emarginate anteriorly at sides ; seventh segment entirely
dark red, with very broad short lobes, much broader than distance between
either and the median spine ; last ventral segment with a deep median
sulcus.

Female : Length about 8-8.5 mm., with bright lemon-yellow markmgs ;
eyes bluish green, black below ; greater part of mandibles, clypeus except
two coalescent black triangles above, lateral face marks, broadly truncate
below level of antennae, and large triangular spots above eyes, all yellow;
the yellow on thorax and legs includes bent stripe along each side of
mesothorax, broad marks on axillae and scutellum, marks on tegulae ante-
riorly and posteriorly, tubercles, stripes on apical part of anterior and
middle femora beneath, spot on hind femora, broad bands on outer side

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 349

ot all tibL-E and large marks on hind basitarsi; first abdominal segment
with four spots, the inner one transverse but not linear ; segments 2 to 6
with broad bands, the first two slightly interrupted, the others notched,
the first deeply, the second shallowly emarginate at sides, the last with a
double emargination (two notches) at each side in front; ventral scopa
entirely pale.

Type: Male, No. 1731, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, between May 31 and June 3, 1917, at Soboba
Springs, Riverside Co., California. Paratypes: Four males and
one female, same data; one female Bryson, Monterey Co.,
Calif., May 18, 1920 (Van Duzee). Allied to A. angclarum
Titus, but certainly distinct, especially by the terminal seg-
ment of the male abdomen.

10. Anthidium permaculatum Cockerell, new species

Female: Length 10-10.5 mm.; robust, black, with very pale yellow mark-
ings ; hair of head and thorax dorsally fulvous, otherwise white ; clypeus
broadly black in middle, with an elongate pale mark on each side ; lower
edge of clypeus bidentate at each side ; lateral face marks large, obliquely
truncate above; mandibles with a large yellow mark; a cuneiform yellow
mark above each eye; yellow of thorax and legs consisting of large spot
on front and small behind on tegulae, stripes along edge of mesothorax
above, tubercles, marks on axillae and scutellum, stripes on under side of
anterior and middle and spot on hind femora, outer face of tibiae, and
mark on hind basitarsi; small joints of tarsi ferruginous; hair on inner
side of hind basitarsi reddish brown; wings dusky; first abdominal seg-
ment with four marks, the inner ones larger and subtriangular ; segments
2 to 6 with broad bands, on 2 interrupted in middle and deeply notched
at sides, the median parts broad claviform, on 3 narrowly interrupted in
middle and deeply notched at sides in front, on 4 and 5 deeply notched
in middle and shallowly emarginate at sides ; sixth segment strongly
angulate at sides posteriorly, nearly all pale, the light color doubly
emarginate at each side in front ; ventral scopa pure white.

Type: Female, No. 1732, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. C. Van Dyke, July 2, 1922, at Sparta, Baker Co., Oregon.
Paratype: Baker, Oregon. June 3, 1922 (Van Dyke). Known
from A. hesperinm Swenk by the very pale abdominal bands
and the sixth segment strongly dentiform at sides. The last
character and the face marks separate it from A. emarginatum
Say, which it superficially resembles.

September 5, 1925

350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

11. Anthidium divisum Cockerel!, new species

Female : Length about 7.5 mm. ; compact, black, with cream-colored
markings; hair of head and thorax reddish above, otherwise white; eyes
sea-green, black at lower end; base of mandibles, large patch at each
side of clypeus, not reaching upper end, lateral face marks adjacent to
sides of clypeus and not quite reaching orbits, and spot above eyes,
yellowish white ; mesothorax very densely punctured ; anterior and pos-
terior spots on tegulae, hardly visible stripe above, well developed marks
on axillae and scutellum, tubercles, and stripes on all the tibiae, not
reaching apex, cream-color ; hair on inner side of basitarsi light ferru-
ginous ; wings somewhat dusky ; abdomen with four spots on first seg-
ment, the outline of the discal ones straight behind and strongly convex
in front ; segment 2 to 6 with narrowly interrupted bands, that on 5 not
quite interrupted, band on 2 deeply notched anteriorly at sides ; ventral
scopa pure white.

Type: Female, No. 1733, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, June 24, 1922, in Parley Canon, Salt Lake
City, Utah. Paratype: Cayton, Shasta Co., California, July 13,
1918 (Van Duzee). Variety with clypeal markings reduced to
a small round spot on each side, lateral marks to small nearly
divided marks next to clypeal margin and stripe on anterior
tibiae divided into two, from Pine View, Utah, July 21, 1922
(Van Duzee). Allied to permaculatum but considerably smaller
and the lateral face marks not larger than the clypeal marks.

12. Anthidium divisum ornatifrons Cockerell, new variety

Female : Clypeal patches larger, approaching in middle line, and be-
tween them, with its base touching them, a small yellowish triangular
mark, its apex directed upward.

Type: Female, No. 1734, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. C. Van Dyke, June 15, 1924, at Meadow Valley, Plumas
Co., California, at 3500-4000 ft. The face marks rather
suggest A. sagittipictum Swenk.

13. Anthidium divisum nanulum Cockerell, new variety

Female : Very small, length about 5.3 mm. ; markings distinctly yel-
lower than in the other two forms ; clypeus very pale yellowish, with a
pair of black triangles, contiguous at base, their apices pointing down-
ward, on upper part, and also a very small black spot next to the lower

Vol. XIVJ COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 35 [

margin in middle ; lateral marks filling space between clypeus and eye,
and broadly truncate a short distance above level of top of clypeus ; spots
above eyes pyriform.

Type: Female, No. 1735, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, May 20, 1920, at Bryson, Monterey Co.,
California. Perhaps a distinct species.

The following key will facilitate the separation of the fe-
males described above :

Face entirely black 1

Face not all black 2

1. Larger ; mandibles black fresnoense Ckll.

Smaller ; mandibles yellow xanthognathum Ckll.

2. Middle of clypeus black from base to apex 3

Middle of clj-peus not black to apex 5

3. x^bdominal bands deep yellow hesperium Swenk

Abdominal bands pale 4

4. Larger; lateral face marks much larger than clypeal marks

permaculatum Ckll.

Smaller; lateral marks not larger than clypeal ma.rks . . divisum Ckll.

5. Abdominal bands and clypeal marks cream-color 6

Abdominal bands yellow or orange 7

6. Larger ; area between clypeus and eye not all light

divisutn ornatifrons Ckll.

Smaller ; area between clypeus and eye all light

divismn nanulum Ckll.

7. Upper edge of clypeal yellow W-like f otitis Ckll.

Not so ; clypeus with spots or stripes 8

8. Larger ; (for other characters see description)

pecosense fragariellutn Ckll.

Smaller 9

9. Last segment yellow, strongly angulate at sides blanditum Cress

Last segment not angulate at sides angelarum Titus

14. Anthidium mormonum Cresson, and allies

In 1878 Cresson described this species from a single male
obtained by Ulke in Utah. In 1879 he described A. blanditum,
based on a couple of females collected by Morrison in Nevada.
In 1904 I described A. pecosense and A. hernardinum, the lat-
ter with three varieties. In 1911 I remarked, "The female of
A. pecosense so nearly agrees with the description of A. blandi-
tum from Nevada as to suggest that the two represent varia-

352 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

tions or races of one species." Swenk in 1914 made the com-
bination A. blandituni pecosense (CklL). Certainly we have
here a group of very closely allied forms, difficult to classify
correctly. The relatively large A. hcrnardinnm, with rich
orange markings, the apical lobes of the male abdomen very
broad, the axillae orange, and other good characters, may be
set aside as distinct. A. ariduni (A. beniardinum aridtim
Ckll.) is certainly distinct from the others by the pointed apical
lobes of the abdomen, scape yellow in front, entirely black
axillae, etc.

Three males from Beaver Creek, Kamas, Utah, July 4, 1922
(Van Duzee), must be referred to A. pecosense, though the
apical lobes of abdomen are variable, in one specimen spreading
instead of parallel. The hair of thorax above is fulvous ; the
axillae have small yellow spots ; the yellow of anterior tibiae
is continuous. These differ from A. mormonnm by the fulvous
dorsal pubescence, the large discal spots on first abdominal
segment and the more spreading apical lobes of abdomen, with
broader and shallower sinus between lobes and median spine.
It is thus unsafe to assert that mormonnm and pecosense are
one species, though it may be that they will prove inseparable,
or only racially distinct.

The males described from California as varieties fragariel-
lum and zvilsoni of A. beniardintini belong rather to the mor-
monum-pecosense-hlanditiim alliance, as shown by the apical
lobes of abdomen and the merely spotted axillae. They evi-
dently represent a single species, but the dorsal hair of thorax
is white in fragariellnm, yellow-fulvous in ivilsoni. The zvilsoni
form is represented by three males from Meadow Valley,
Plumas County, California, 4000 ft., June 8 and 15 (Van
Dyke), except that these have the yellow on anterior tibiae
interrupted, whereas in typical zvilsoni it is continuous. The
fragariellnm form is represented by males from Meadow Val-
ley, 3500-4000 ft.. June 21 (Van Dyke) ; South Fork Kings
River, Calif., July 8 (Van Dyke), and Fallen Leaf Lake, Calif.,
July (L. S. Rosenbaum). The last has the yellow on anterior
tibiae interrupted, but it is entire on the other two, and also in
typical fragariellnm.

These California males run smaller than A. pecosense and
have more yellow on apical segment of abdomen. In the type

Vol. XIV) COCKERliLL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 353

of fragaricllum, but not in the others, the yellow on first seg-
ment of abdomen consists of a pair of large cuneiform patches,
deeply incised posteriorly. This also has large yellow patches
on anterior and middle femora, but the series shows that these
vary. I conclude that the Californian insect is a valid sub-
species of A. pecoscnse. The name fragaricllum is to be pre-
ferred over zvilsoni, having priority where it is first printed,
in the table published May, 1904.

Coming now to the females, we fortunately have a couple
from Meadow Valley, 3500 to 4000 ft., June 8 and 21 (Van
Dyke), certainly belonging with the males just recorded. The
one of earlier date has hair of head and thorax above deep ful-
vous ; in the other it is much paler but not white. In both the
clypeus is entirely yellow. This insect agrees with the descrip-
tion of A. blanditiim except for the fact that there is a large
oblong yellow patch on mesopleura, and perhaps also in the
more fulvous dorsal pubescence. The patch on pleura seems
to be of little importance because a female of the same species
from Fallen Leaf Lake, California, June 26 (Van Dyke), has
the mesopleura entirely black. The same is true of one from
Guerneville, Sonoma Co., Calif., May 30 (Van Dyke). These
with black pleura have the hair of head and thorax above
strongly fulvous. The female of A. pecosensc, as identified by
me from Flagstaff, Arizona, differs from the above Californian
females in being larger, in having the mesopleura black, and
yellow only bordering the tubercles ; the dorsal hair is red. A
female from Strawberry Valley, California (Davidson), which
I ascribed to A. hernardinum, is small and agrees in all essen-
tial particulars with the one from Fallen Leaf Lake. It is better
referred to A. fragaricllum. Thus the whole series discussed
will stand for the present thus :

A. bcrnardimim Ckll.
A. aridum (Ckll.)
A. mormonitm Cresson
A. blanditmn Cresson ( ?? of mormonum.)
A. pecoscnse Ckll. ( ? var. of inormonum-\-blanditiim.)
A. pecosensc fragaricllum (Ckll.) {'^^^^blanditum.)
A. pecoscnse fragaricllum var. zvilsoni (Ckll.) (apparently
not a valid race).

354 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Peoc. 4th Ser.

The question marks can only be removed by further investi-
gation.

15. Anthidium tricuspidum Provancher

California: Mokelumne Hill, June (Blaisdell) ; Crystal
Lakes, San Mateo County, June 25 (Van Duzee) ; Cazadero,
September 2 (Van Duzee). San Diego, Calif. (Blaisdell),
male. Oregon: Crater Lake, 7000 ft.. July 16 (Van Dyke).

16. Anthidium bernardinum Cockerell

California : Mill Creek Caiion, San Bernardino Co., Septem-
ber 21 (Van Duzee). The males are variable; hair on thorax
above white or fulvous; scape practically all black or with a
large yellow mark.

17. Anthidium emarginatum atripes Cresson

The following females differ from typical A. emarginatum
in having the tibiae entirely black. I can refer them only to
Cresson's atripes, based on a male from Nevada.

California: Huntington Lake, Fresno Co.. 7000 ft., July 4
and 27 (Van Duzee) ; Meadow Valley, Plumas Co., 3500 ft.,
June 21 (Van Dyke) ; Blue Lakes, Alpine Co.. July and Aug-
ust (Blaisdell).

These females are distinguished among those with creamy-
white markings by the white ventral scopa, face entirely black
and scutellum and axillae having prominent light markings.
It is, however, a source of perplexity that I do not find a cor-
responding series of males. The possible males have the scutel-
lum and axillae entirely black, or at least with very small light
spots, and certainly do not represent any form of A. emargi-
natum. These females appear to agree with A. emarginatum
except for the black tibicC. Only field observations will deter-
mine the actual facts.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 355

18. Anthidium maculosum Cresson

Females from Yosemite Valley, Calif., June 21 (Van Dyke) ;
Sisson, Calif., July 24 (Van Duzee), and Mokelumne Hill,
Calif. (Blaisdell). Males from Anacapa Island, May 15 (Van
Duzee), Huntington Lake, 7000 ft., July 27 (Van Duzee),
Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Co., Sept. 21 (Van Duzee),
all in California, and Hereford, Arizona, July 12 (J. R.
Slevin). Cresson in 1878 described A. luaculosum from fe-
males collected in Utah and California; in 1916 he designated
Utah as the type locality. In 1904 I described A. lupincllum
from the male collected in New Mexico, and in 1923 recorded
this species from the Gulf of California region. The six Cali-
fornia and Arizona males before me are considerably larger
than the type of lupincllum, but otherwise identical. I have
now no doubt that lupinellum is the male of maculosum, and
the species is to be known by the latter name.

19. Anthidium palliventre Cresson

This was based on a female collected in California by Hy.
Edwards, characterized by the entirely black face, scutellum
and axillae, hair of the head and thorax above yellowish, ven-
tral scopa entirely pale. The same collector obtained A. cali-
forniciim, described from males. After a good deal of per-
plexity I am now compelled to conclude that they are sexes
of one species, which takes the prior name A. palliventre.
However, the color of the scopa varies from white to nearly
all black, only the sides remaining white. I am convinced that
this is not a specific character. Such variation has been re-
corded before, as in A. astragali Swenk. The females assigned
to palliventre come from San Francisco, Calif., April (Van
Dyke) and May (Kusche); Colma, Calif., August 15
(Kusche), and San Miguel Island, Calif., May 20 (Van Du-
zee). The last mentioned is unusually large with corners of
sixth abdominal segment prominent. These all differ from the
female of A. temiiHorce Ckll. in having abdominal bands more
or less interrupted in middle and the divisions claviform mesad.
The male (A. calif ornicuni Cress.) comes from Colma, Calif.,

356

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES' [Proc. 4th Ser.

Aug. 15 (J. A. Kusche), and San Francisco, May 10, 21 and
30 (Kusche), and April 20 (Van Dyke). The dorsal hair of
head and thorax is ferruginous, whereas in males from Los An-
geles (Davidson) it is white, as I recorded in 1904.

20. Anthidium plumarium Cockerell, new species

Male: Aspect of A. calif oniicum, including the red dorsal pubescence.
At first I thought it a mere variety or race, but it is surely a distinct
species by the following characters: Lateral apical lobes of abdomen
stout but pointed (broadly rounded in calif oniicum) ; mandibles broader;
mouth parts ferruginous ; upper edge of clypeus black with two pointed
extensions downward ; sixth abdominal segment with only two small
yellow spots.

Evidently derived from A. calif ornicum (palUventre).

Type: Male, No. 1736, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 5, 1924, at Meadow Valley, Plumas
Co., California.

21. Anthidium tenuiflorae Cockerell

This Rocky Mountain species proves to extend into the Paci-
fic coast region. The females are very like those of A. palUven-
tre, but may be separated by the abdominal bands being very
narrowly interrupted, the divisions not claviform but strap-
shaped. The eyes are also darker. The ventral scopa is usually
mainly or almost wholly black, but it varies to all light in
Huntington Lake specimens. Females are from Huntington
Lake, Calif., 7000 ft., July 4 (Van Duzee) ; Steen Mountains,
Oregon, June 25 (Van Dyke), and Longmire, Rainier Na-
tional Park, Wash., July 27 (Van Dyke). The last mentioned
has the bands unusually slender. Males are from Longmire
(same date as females) and Crater Lake, Oregon, 7000 ft.,
July 17 (Van Dyke).

22. Anthidium banningense Cockerell

The following references are to males; the basitarsi are
cream colored in front and the anterior and middle tibiae have
a s[X)t.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—AXTHIDIINE BEES 357

California: Meadow Valley, Plumas Co., 3500-4000 ft.,
June 21 (Van Dyke) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., July 4
(Van Duzee) : Blue Lakes, Alpine Co., August (Blaisdell).
Utah: Logan, July 14 (Van Duzee); lateral apical spines of
abdomen broader; sixth and seventh segments entirely black.
Apparently not a race, as one of the Meadow Valley si>ecimens
is the same.

Readily known from male A. emarginatum by the long nar-
now lateral apical lobes of abdomen and the tegtuiient of scutel-
lum wholly black.

23. Anthidium angulatum Cockerell, new species

Male: Similar to E. emarghiatnm Say, but rather less robust; abdominal
bands conspicuously paler (creamy white), and reduced to fine lines at
the broad emarginations ; hair of thorax above white ; scutellum entirely
black or with a pair of minute pale marks. Apical lobes of abdomen
angulate as in A. emarginatum. Differs from A. emarginatum atripcs
Cresson by the broad band on fifth abdominal segment and pair of large
comma-like marks on sixth, small pale marks on bases of tibiae, and
creamy white basitarsi. The clypeus may have or lack two small black
spots. Perhaps to be regarded as a Californian race of A. emarginatuvi.

Type: Male, No. 1737, Mus, Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 7, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California, at 7000 ft. Paratype, one male, taken by Dr.
E. C. Van Dyke, July 11, 1915, at Fallen Leaf Lake, California.

24. Anthidium brachyurum Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about 10 mm. ; black, the head and thorax with white
hair, very fainty tinged with yellowish dorsally; flagellum obscurely red-
dish beneath except basally ; light markings cream-color, the light parts
being entire clypeus, lateral marks, truncate at about level of antennae,
mandibles except apically (red just before the black apex), small spots
above eyes, tegulae in front and small mark behind, small marks at bases
of tibiae, elongate mark near end of front tibiae, subquadrate mark at
apex of mid tibiae, the basitarsi, large lateral and small dorsal marks on
first abdominal segment, second segment similar but with larger dorsal
marks, segments 3 to 5 with narrowly interrupted bands, deeply emar-
ginate laterally, sixth with very large hook-like marks ; seventh segment

358 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

entirely black with very broad low lateral lobes narrowly separated from
the central spine ; tubercles, mesothorax, axillse and scutellum entirely
black ; eyes pea-green ; mesothorax extremely densely punctured ; wings
dusky; hair on inner side of hind tibiae white.

With the type I associate two other specimens differing in
some respects :

Salt Lake City, Utah, June 27, 1922 (Van Duzee) ; hair of
head and thorax above abundant, light fulvous; apical lobes
separated from spine by a deeper, rounded, emargination,
but hardly half breadth of lobe; sixth seginent with two
large pyriform marks.

Redding, California, July 7, 1918 (Van Duzee) ; subapical
marks on anterior tibije very minute; marks on sixth seg-
ment smaller; emargination between lobes and spine rather
shallow and not abrupt. I think these are all one species,
however. It is known from the related species by the broad
low apical lobes of abdomen. Its nearest relative appears
to he A. montivagum Cresson.

Type: Male, No. 1738, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Mrs. H. E. Ricksecker, in July, 1920, at Cisco, California.

25. Anthidium hamatum. Cockerell, new species

Male : Length about or nearly 13 mm. ; black, the head and thorax with
abundant white hair, grayish dorsally ; light markings cream-tolor, con-
sisting of entire clypeus, lateral marks (filling space between clypeus and
eyes and obliquely truncate above, the inner corner meeting upper corner
of clypeus), mandibles except apex, spot at end of scape, small spot
above eyes, tegulse anteriorly and small spot behind, tubercles (which are
obtuse), two very small lines on hind border of scutellum, marks at
bases of tibiae, spot at apex of middle tibiae, basitarsi, large lateral and
narrow transverse dorsal marks on first abdominal segment, bands on
segments 2 to 5 (narrowly interrupted in middle and very widely emar-
ginate at sides) and a pair of hook-like marks on sixth segment; apical
segment and mesothorax entirely black; eyes gray; mesothorax extremely
densely punctured ; wings dusky ; apical lobes of abdomen wide apart,
obtuse, the outer side strongly concave, distance between lobes and spine
much greater than width of lobes. The lobes resemble in form those of
A. mormonum Cress, but are much wider apart.

Type: Male, No. 1739, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 8, 1922, on Mt. Timpanogos, Utah.

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 359

26. Anthidium spinosum Cockerell, new species

Male: Length about or slightly over 11 mm.; black, the head and thorax
with abundant white hair, inclined to grayish dorsally ; light markings
cream-color, consisting of clypeus (except a pair of black lines on upper
part), lateral marks (filling space between clypeus and eye, with upper
end rounded), greater part of mandibles, spots above eyes, mark on tegulse
in front, two very small spots on scutellum (or none), basitarsi (but
tibiae all black), four spots on first abdominal segment (the lower smaller
but not linear), bands on segments 2 to 5 (very narrowly or not quite
interrupted in middle, very broadly emarginate at sides, the inner portion
thick), and a pair of comma-like marks on sixth segment; eyes greenish
gray; scutellum shining on disc; wings dusky; hair on inner side of
hind basitarsi dark brown ; tubercles entirely black, produced and spini-
form ; apical lobes of abdomen of the same type as those of A. hamatum.

Type: Male, No. 1740, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Dr.E. C. Van Dyke, July 11, 1915, at Fallen Leaf Lake, Cali-
fornia. Paratype, one male, same data. I had taken this for a
form of A. hamatum until I noticed the entirely different spini-
form tubercles. .

The new species described above and a related form may be
separated as follows, all being males with the abdominal bands
whitish or very pale :

Apical lobes finger-like; clypeus with two black spots

banningcnse Ckll.

Apical lobes angular angulatum (Tkll.

Apical lobes broad and rounded 1

1. Apical lobes twice as broad as space between them and median spine

: bra<:hyurum Ckll.

Apical lobes not thus broadened 2

2. Tubercles creamy white, obtuse seen from above hnmatum Ckll.

Tubercles black, sharply pointed seen from ahowt. . . .spuvosum Ckll.

27. Anthidium flavicauduni Cockerell, new species

Male: Length about or nearly 11 mm.; black with yellow markings
(reddened by cyanide in type); head and thorax with white hair; eyes
brown ; flagellum obscurely reddish beneath ; mesothorax extremely
densely punctured; tubercles not spiniform; wings dusky; apical lobes
of abdomen rounded, wide apart, apically much narrower than the dis-
tance between them and spine; spines at sides of sixth segment short
and pale ; yellow markings as follows : entire clypeus, lateral marks
(ending above on orbit at level of antennae, but the inner corner at top
of clypeus, the oblique upper side curved) ; mandibles (except apex nar-

350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY Of SCIE.NCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

rowly), subpyriform spots above eyes, spot on front of tegulse, tubercles,
elongate marks on scutelium, shorter ones on axillae, stripes on anterior
and middle femora beneath, elongate mark on hind femora apically, entire
outer face of tibiae, basitarsi (small joints of tarsi clear ferruginous),
broad bands on abdominal segments 1 to 6, on 1 broadly interrupted m
middle and deeply emarginate or excavated posteriorly at sides, on 2 and
3 rather narrowly interrupted in middle and deeply but not widely exca-
vated anteriorly at sides, on 4 very narrowly interrupted in middle and
much more shallowly excavated anteriorly at sides, on 5 deeply notched
in middle and merely undulate at sides, sixth yellow except black hind
margin, seventh yellow with spine and broad apices of lobes black;
venter with much white hair.

Differs from A. pecosense wilsoni (Ckll.) by the entirely
black mesothorax and much shorter spines at sides of sixth
segment (in wilsoni they are long- and dark) ; they are how-
ever, closely allied. In wilsoni the tegulae have the whole outer
margin yellow.

Type: Male, No. 1741, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 26, 1918, at Sisson, California.

28. Anthidium puncticaudum Cockerell, new species

Male: Length about 11 mm.; black with lemon-yellow markings; hair
of head and thorax white ; eyes pea-green ; mesothorax dull and granular ;
scutelium dull, with a little shining area on disc posteriorly; wings dusky;
tubercles black, sharply pointed but not spiniform; spines at sides of
sixth abdominal segment long and black; lobes of terminal segment broad
and rounded, produced, the ends separated by more than their width from
the spines; lemon-yellow markings as follows, entire clypeus, lateral
marks (filling space between clypeus and eye and obliquely truncate
above), mandibles except tips, spot above eyes, mark on tegulae in front
and small one behind, stripes on all the tibiae (on middle ones inter-
rupted), basitarsi (small joints ferruginous), four spots on first and also
on second abdominal segments, the dorsal spots on first small, but on
second large and similar to the corresponding parts on third, where, as
also on fourth, they are connected by a slender line with the lateral spots,
fifth segment with a narrowly interrupted band, widely excavated ante-
riorly on each side, similar to that on fourth, sixth with two large suboval
marks, notched on outer side, apical segment with two small yellow spots.

Among the species with entirely black thorax this is known
by the deeply incised or divided lateral portions of abdominal
bands, the entirely black scutelium, seventh segment with only

Vol. XIV) COCKERELL—AXTHIDIINE BEES 361

two small yellow spots, clypeus all yellow and apical lobes of
abdomen elongate though broadly rounded.

Type: Male, No. 1742, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, May 26-28, 1917, at Colton, California.

29. Anthidium lucidum Cockerell, new species

Male; Length about 10 mm.; black, with lemon-yellow markings; hair
of head and thorax white. Resembles A. puncticaudttm, but smaller and
more slender, with apical lobes of abdomen narrower, obtusely pointed,
abdomen more shining, upper part of clypeus with two large hook-shaped
black marks, lateral face marks going very little above level of top of
clypeus, tubercles tipped with yellow, scutellum with two very small
yellow marks, bands on tibiae reduced and broken, first abdominal segment
with only lateral spots, and these not very large, second segment with
band like that on third, sixth with two hook-shaped marks, seventh all
black. This is closer to A. titttsi Qcll., differing by the entirely black
scape, clypeal marks much deeper yellow, face marks lemon-yellow, ab-
dominal bands, etc.

The California form which I have regarded as A. titiisi has
the scape black and the abdominal bands strongly yellow. It is
between the two and perhaps better associated wdth A. lucidum,
but additional observations are desirable. A. angiilatum Ckll.
is also related but clearly distinct.

Type: Male, No. 1743, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

F. C. Clark, July 20, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno Co.,
California, at 7000 feet.

Anthidiellum Cockerell

Dianthidium subg. Anthidiellum Ckll., Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ill, p. 3

(1904). Type strigatum Panzer.
Anthidium subg. Cerianthidiutn Friese, Europ. Bienen, Lief. 3, p. 304

(1923). For strigatum Panz. and inerme Fr. Type, now designated,

strigatum Panzer.

This widespread and well characterized group may well
stand as a genus. It includes such species as the following,
described under Anthidium or Dianthidium: Anthidiellum stri-
gatum (Panzer), Europe; A. strigatum lutcum (Friese),
Greece; A. leucorhinum (Ckll.), Siberia; A. truncatiforme

352 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES XPRoc. 4th See.

(CklL), Gold Coast; A. tegivaniensc (Ckll.), S. Africa; A.
compactum (Smith), S. Africa; A. cucullatum (Friese),
Africa; A. eiseiii (Ckll.), Lower California; A. pcrplcxum
(Smith), Georgia; A. ehrhorni (Ckll.), California; A. roberf-
soiii (Ckll.), California; A. gilense (Ckll.), New Mexico.

30. Anthidiellum robertsoni (Cockerell)

Females: Kings River Canon, Fresno Co., Calif., 5000 ft,
May 25, and July 2 (Van Dyke) ; Mokelumne Hill, Calif.
(Blaisdell); Colestin, Jackson Co., Oregon, July 30 (Van
Duzee) ; Salt Lake City, Utah, July 1 (Van Duzee).

Males: Mokelumne Hill, Calif. (Blaisdell); Mill Creek
Canon, San Bernardino Co., Calif., Sept. 21 (Van Duzee).
This species was discovered by Dr. Davidson at Rock Creek
and Los Angeles, Calif.; it'is surprising to find it extending
its range to Oregon and Utah and well up into the mountains.

31. Anthidiellum robertsoni citrinellum Cockerell, new race

Male : Face marks bright lemon-yellow ; a short yellow line on thorax
behind each tegula ; abdominal bands deep chrome yellow.

Type: Male, No. 1744, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 17, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California, at 7000 ft.

32. Dianthidium sayi Cockerell
Females: Salt Lake City, Utah, July 1, 1922 (Van Duzee).

33. Dianthidium provancheri Titus

Females: Cascada, Fresno Co., Calif., July 29, 1919, 6000
ft. (Van Duzee).

34. Dianthidium singulare (Cresson)

California: Meadow Valley, Plumas Co., 3000-4000 ft.,
June 13, one male (Van Dyke).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHlDIINE BEES T,()^

35. Dianthidium singulare perluteum T. & W. Cockerell

California: South Fork Kings River Canon, Fresno Co.,
5000 ft., July 5, 2 females, 2 males (Van Dyke). Described
in 1904 from the female. The male has the end of the abdomen
broadly trilobed, the seventh segment yellow without markings,
the lateral lobes rounded, the middle one obtusely pointed and
ferruginous at end.

2)6. Dianthidium singulare melanognathum Cockerell,

new subspecies

Female : Marked like typical D. singulare from Nevada but mandibles
black with a yellow spot at base; wings dusky; black mark on clypeus
fusiform; coxal spines very long.

Type: Female, No. 1745, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 7, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno
Co., California, at 7000 ft.

37. Dianthidium pudicum Cresson

Females: Longmire, Rainier National Park, July 27 (Van
Dyke) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., Calif., 7000 ft., July 4,
1919 (Van Duzee) ; Strawberry Valley, Eldorado Co., Calif.,
August 14 (Van Dyke). The clypeus may be entirely black or
may have a small light spot at each extreme side.

Males: Fallen Leaf Lake, Calif., July 17 (Van Dyke) ; Salt
Lake City, Utah, June 27 (Van Duzee).

38. Dianthidium consimile (Ashmead)

Females: Ashland, Oregon, Aug. 2 (Van Duzee) ; Colestin,
Oregon, July 30 (Van Duzee) ; also the following places in
California: Cascada, 6000 ft., July 29 (Van Duzee); Bear
Valley, San Bernardino Mts., Aug. (F. C. Clark) ; Cayton,
Shasta Co., July 13 (Van Duzee) ; Mokelumne Hill, June
(Blaisdell) ; Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mts., Sept. 21
(Van Duzee).

364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Males, all from California, as follows: Mokelumne Hill,
June and Sept. (Blaisdell) ; Cascada, Fresno Co., July 29
(Van Duzee) ; Soboba Springs, Riverside Co., June 1 (Van
Duzee) ; Mill Creek Caiion, San Bernardino Mts., Sept. 24
(Van Duzee) ; South Fork Kings River, July 8 (Van Dyke).
The Kings River one lacks the yellow spot on mesopleura.

As in the allied D. provancheri the face markings are cream
colored in the male, lemon-yellow in the female. The female
clypeus has the middle broadly or narrowly black, there is a
well developed triangular supraclypeal mark and a bar-like
yellow mark below the anterior ocellus. In the male the clypeus
is all light, the supraclypeal mark is a mere dot, and the mark
before the ocellus is absent or represented by a very small line.
The abdominal bands are broadly and deeply emarginate at
sides posteriorly in the male but with much smaller emargina-
tions or entire in the females. It seems difficult to associate as
sexes insects so different, but I believe they certainly belong
together.

Ashmead (1896) described what he called the female, but
part of the description refers to the male, part to the female.
In 1904 I reported what I took for D. consimilc, but it was
really D. provancheri Titus. In 1916 (Pomona Jl. Ent. and
Zool., VIII, p. 63) I gave characters to separate the males of
the two species.

39. Dianthidium parvum (Cresson)

Females: Logan, Utah, July 18 (Van Duzee). The clypeus
has a cream-colored spot on each side : the scutellum is black
with a pair of extremely small light marks.

Males: Logan. Utah, July 18 (Van Duzee) ; Ashland, Ore-
gon, Aug. 2 (Van Duzee) ; and the following places in Cali-
fornia: Cay ton, Shasta Co., July 13 (Van Duzee) ; Strawberry
Valley. El Dorado Co., Aug. 4 (Van Dyke) ; Huntington
Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft.. July 26 (Van Duzee) ; Bear Val-
ley, San Bernardino Mts., Aug. (F. C. Clark) ; Mill Creek
Canon, San Bernardino Mts., Sept. 21 (Van Duzee).

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 355

40. Dianthidium parvum baculifrons Cockerell, new race

Female : Face marks light yellow including lower lateral corners of
clypeus, so that the black part of the clypeus rapidly narrows apically;
a short yellow bar below middle ocellus; entire margin of scutellum
broadly, and axillae, yellow; lateral emargination of abdominal segments
short, deep and rounded; scopa shining white (distinctly yellow in D.
parvum).

This is intermediate between D. parvum and D. provancheri,
differing from the latter by the paler face markings, with more
black on clypeus; hind tibiae black with a large pale yellow
patch at base above, and sixth abdominal segment entirely
black. It should perhaps be considered a form of D. provan-
cheri, or a distinct species. Titus described only the male of

D. provancheri.

Type: Female, No. 1746, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, June 5, 1917, at Soboba Springs, Riverside
Co., California.

Callanthidium Cockerell, new genus

Outer recurrent nervure going beyond end of second cubital
cell ; no pulvillae on feet. On account of these characters I
thought to refer these bees to the neotropical genus Hypan-
thidiiirn, in which certain African and Indian species have al-
ready been placed. These large North American forms are,
however, strongly divergent, not only by their size, but espe-
cially in the armature at the apex of the abdomen. The sixth
segment is deeply emarginate in the middle in the female and
the apex of the male abdomen shows a median spine and large
lateral lobes. There is some affinity with Dianthidium, to which
genus I wrongly referred the type species in 1914. Type, C.
illustre (Anthidium illustre Cresson).

41. Callanthidium illustre (Cresson)

California: Yosemite Valley, June 21 (Van Dyke) ; Soboba
Springs, Riverside Co., June 2 (Van Duzee) ; Poway, San
Diego Co., May 24 (Blaisdell) ; Meadow Valley, Plumas Co.,

356 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th See.

3500-4000 ft., June 21 (Van Dyke) ; Bear Valley, San Ber-
nardino Co., July 13 (F. C. Clark) ; Claremont (C. H. Muz-
zall) ; Colton, May 26 (Van Duzee) ; Cayton, Shasta Co., July
13 (Van Duzee).

The next species is closely allied but is readily separated by
the black femora.

In 1904 I described a supposed species, Anthidium serranum,
from Rock Creek, California. It was recognized as valid by
Swenk in 1914, but I now consider it only a variation of Cal-
lanthidium illustre, to be called C. illustre serranum. It is not
even certain that it is a valid race.

42. Callanthidium conspicuum (Cresson)

California: Fallen Leaf Lake, July 17 (Van Dyke). Ore-
gon: Fremont National Forest, Klamath Co., 5000 ft., June
18 (Van Dyke).

I have an apparently authentic female of Dianthidium balli
Titus, labelled "Blydenburgh." On comparison with C. con-
spicuum it proves to be identical.

43. Callanthidium formosum (Cresson)

Oregon: Crater Lake, 7000 ft., July 17 (Van Dyke).

Described (under Anthidium) from Colorado, There are no
pulvillae and the species is near to C. conspicuum, but easily
separated by the end of the male abdomen, the emargination
of which is broader than Cresson's figure shows. I had sug-
gested that this might be the male of Dianthidium cressonii
D. T., but that has pulvillae, much darker wings, and the first
recurrent nervure ending far from base of second cubital
cell (practically at basal corner in C. formosum).

44. Callanthidium formosum pratense Cockerell, new species

Male: Yellow stripes on head above nearly meeting in middle line;
yellow marks on mesothorax in front larger ; tegulse with very large yel-
low patch ; scutellum with a pair of yellow stripes ; first abdominal seg-'
ment with the yellow marks produced in hook-like form ; band on third

Vol. XIV] COCKERELL—ANTHIDIINE BEES 2)67

segment narrowly continuous in middle, and not notched behind ; seventh
segment yellow right across, and the median spine only about half as
long as the distance between it and the lateral lobes. As in the typical
form, the lateral lobes are pointed, with the extreme apical face straight
or slightly concave.

Type: Male, No. 1747, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 17, 1924, at Meadow Valley, Plumas
Co., California, between 6000 and 7000 feet.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 16, pp. 369-390 September 18, 1925

XVI
STUDIES IN THE TENEBRIONID^, NO. 2

(COLEOPTERA)

BY

FRANK E. BLAISDELL, Sr.

The first number of the present studies appeared in the En-
tomological News of January, 1918 (Vol. XXIX, p. 7.). The
new species and subspecies of Eleodes described below have
accumulated since the publication of my Monographic Revi-
sion of the Eleodiini (Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus.) in 1909.
The material studied since then has cleared up the doubtful
status of several of the phases given at that time. Mr. Leng
in a foot-note (p. 227) in the Catalogue of the Coleoptera of
America North of Mexico, remarks that I have more recently
elevated several such names to higher rank, "the original pre-
sumption in such cases having been apparently erroneous,"

In the mass of heterogeneous material upon which I based
my monograph, there were numerous instances in which the
specimens were too few for a correct and definite understand-
ing of the relationships ; as a result, many subspecies and races
were not recognized and unwittingly considered as forms, —
not wholly from ignorance in many cases, but more truly as
acts of conservatism, I having believed it to be more logical
and truthful to raise than to lower a grade, whenever more
positive data warranted it.

September 18, 1925

^JQ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

From the standpoint of taxonomy, the solution of the ques-
tion of specific relationship is not going to come from the
study of dried museum specimens, but must be the result of
careful ontogenetic and ecologic studies of large series of
specimens collected in the different geographic regions.
Such research must be pursued with untiring zeal if we are to
arrive ultimately at some conception of the laws governing the
divergence of organisms.

The raising of certain forms to a definite grade does not
invalidate the conception of such intra-specific groups, for even
then the specific aggregates will be made up of variants, as no
two individuals of any species can be exactly alike as regards
size, form, sculpturing and color, no matter how much re-
stricted taxonomically. With Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, I prefer
to use the term "phase" in a generic sense to include all vari-
ants of a species, subspecies or variety. When a species is
limited taxonomically the intra-specific, intra-subspecific or
intra-varietal variants can be grouped according to size, form,
sculpturing or color, each group constituting a form. These
are really ecological groups. I expressed these same ideas in
my monograph.

In 1909 I presented the conception of forms as a means of
directing attention to the variation within specific units so as
to make them objects of research. I advised that forms should
not he given a place in a check-list, for on the very face of the
matter they are absolute synonyms according to the author
and from the standpoint of taxonomy. We must have laws
and rules of guidance, otherwise everything passes into con-
fusion, and yet to enforce them rigidly or literally may retard
science rather than advance it. The enforcement of laws or
the application of rules must be tempered by good judgment,
this is absolutely necessary, for no law or rule is strictly ap-
plicable in all cases; hence the need of flexibility in the appli-
cation of a rule. Certain recent changes in our nomenclature
have been founded on paleographic facts much to the con-
fusion of other branches of science.

A word or two regarding extremists versus the intermediate
path. Conservatism, when extreme, retards the progress of
science. Most of this is due to the exercise of the personal
equation rather than to biological inquiry. A species relegated

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEDRIONIDJE 2>7\

to synonymy is supposed to be defunct for all time and yet
some synonymical lists are rich in research material. The
other extreme usually overrates biological facts, but the result
more than balances the harm done by the stimulus it gives to
discussion and research. Why not pursue the more logical and
sane path, — bury the personal equation and let intensive re-
search dictate the biological data ; the deductions will then be
both progressive and scientific.

Forms may be said to constitute ecological groups, for the
units of a species exhibit individual differences which are very
evidently due to environment and not to reactions in the germ
plasm. It may be admitted that environmental conditions will
affect the germ plasm in the course of centuries. Environ-
mental conditions are constantly changing and therefore un-
staple : They change from day to day, from month to month,
and from year to year ; first warm then cold, dry and then wet,
over a whole region or any part of a region, even to small and
restricted areas. That is why one season yields notable vari-
ations and the next something still dift'erent.

A consideration of the principle ecological factors capable
of bringing about variations in size, form, sculpturing and
color in organisms, includes temperature, humidity, quantity
and quality of food, coupled with geographical position. Any
one taking cognizance of these facts should eliminate if possi-
ble all individual variations (forms) of known or described
species, subspecies and varieties before describing any of them
as new to science. Let it be kept in mind that the earth is
Nature's great experimental laboratory and that it is an in-
finite field for research.

The limitation of species, subspecies and varieties is quite
arbitrary in the present state of our knowledge. A species as
at present defined, with its subspecies and varieties constitutes
a specific complex. I believe that all subspecies and varieties
should be recognized aiid named as they constitute taxonomic
subgrades. The main idea in doing this is to make them ob-
jects of research. The definition of a species is too well known
for me to repeat it, but I would like to make known what I
understand by subspecies and variety or race. The usual ency-
clopedic definition leads the student in a circle so that he
usually knows just as much after his investigation as he did

372 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

when he began. My definitions have been formulated from
observations in the field.

I assume that I am dealing- with a specific phase worthy of
subspecific grade whenever a series of specimens has been col-
lected in some particular geographical region apart from the
type and, as a whole, presents some notable difference in form,
size, sculpturing or color from the type.

I assume likewise that a variety (race) is to be recognized
when a series of specimens presents some minor but constant
difference in size, form, sculpturing or color from the type,
and usually inhabits the same geographical region, but in some
areas the varietal phase may predominate. A subspecies or va-
riety interbreeds with the t)^pe if inhabiting the same geo-
graphical region or area. The regions of distribution of type,
subspecies and variety may overlap and this accounts in part
for the confusion which exists regarding what constitutes a
subspecies oi variety. I believe that ontogenetic research must
decide the relationships in the Insecta. The student in the
field must work out the distributional and seasonal phases.

Forms in the sense defined above should be recognized,
studied and properly placed in collections, and discussed in
current papers and monographs, but not given in a check-list.

The following new species, subspecies, and varieties are
presented at the present time :

1. Telabis nevadensis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-oval, a little more than twice as long as wide,
moderately convex. Color piceous brown, dark rufous beneath, legs paler;
luster dull to somewhat shining.

Head a little transverse, sides moderately convergent and feebly arcu-
ate before the eyes, the latter somewhat prominent and coarsely faceted;
epistoma slightly produced, arcuato-truncate at apex, sides briefly oblique
from the shallow emarginations ; front very slightly convex, very feebly
and broadly impressed laterally within the sides, moderately and dis-
cretely punctate, punctures somewhat coarser, deeper and more or less
coalescent on the epistoma ; vertex more or less strigose. Antennae long
and slender.

Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long; apex moderately emarginate,
angles obtuse and blunt ; base feebly bisinuate, marginal bead rather broad
and flat in middle third ; basal angles obtuse and distinct ; sides evenly
and moderately arcuate, feebly convergent anteriorly, margin rather thin

Vol. XI\] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONID^ 373

and narrowly rcflcxed, slightly crcnulale ; disk moderately convex, dis-
cretely punctate; punctures smaller in middle third, thence somewhat
coarser and more oval, with their margins quite distinct and not coales-
cent; sides narrowly impressed but rather more widely so toward the
basal angles. Proplcura with a few scattered hairs; rather coarsely, but
not densely punctate, punctures shallow ; intervals somewhat prominent
longitudinally.

Elytra oblong, about a half longer than wide, sides parallel and feebly
arcuate, apex broadly rounded, humeri obtuse and not in the least promi-
nent, although somewhat exposed; disk moderately convex, finely and
subasperately punctate, punctures somewhat confused at base, sides and
apex, series quite distinct in the central area.

Sterna sparsely and not very coarsely punctate; punctures shallow;
mesosternal epimera irnpunctate ; transverse metasternal ante-coxal line
well defined and almost entire. Abdomen moderately evenly convex, finely
and very sparsely pimctate along the middle, rather more coarsely so
laterally; under surface of the body clothed with scattered hairs.

Length (types) 6-6.5 mm.; width 2.4-2.8 mm.

Holotypc, male, and allotype, female, in my collection.
Paratypcs in the collection of Mr. Warren Knaus and in that
of the author.

Type locality: Las Vegas, Nevada, collected July 31, 192L
A series of five specimens.

This si^ecies evidently falls into the series with Casey's
iitcana and aiiiica, both from Utah. In nevadensis the punc-
tuation of the head and pronotum is discrete, not very dense
(rather more abundant in the female), shallow and scarcely
asperate, not muricate ; the vertex of the head may be more or
less longitudinally strigose. According to Casey, uteana is
piceous black in color and arnica is pale testaceous, and he
makes no mention of the vertex of the head being strigose in
either species.

2. Eleodes quadricollis lassenica Blaisdell, new subspecies

Form and sculpturing similar to that of quadricollis Esch., but more
strongly and densely punctate throughout. Color intense black.

Pronotum more arcuately and strongly declivous laterally, and as a
result more strongly convex from side to side. Anterior spurs of the
protibise more elongate in both sexes.

Male : Narrower elongate-oval. Female : Ovate, sides more arcuate ;
elytra just noticeably inflated. Sexes otherwise as in quadricollis.

374 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Length (types) 17-18.5 mm.; width 7-8.5 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in the author's col-
lection.

Type locality: Martin's Spring, Lassen County, California.
Section 14. Tp. 31 N, R. 9 E. Collected by Mr. J. O. Martin,
on July 10th. 1922. A single pair.

In huHieralis Lee. the pronotal marginal bead is visible
throughout the length when viewed vertically from above; in
quadricollis and related species the lateral marginal bead is
more or less invisible from above. The main diagnostic
characters of lassenica, are the denser, stronger sculpturing and
less elongate form.

3. Eleodes parowana Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-oval to oblong-ovate, rather strongly convex, a little more
than twice as long as wide. Color deep black and feebly shining.

Head moderate in size, densely punctate before the eyes ; vertex
sparsely punctate ; sides arcuate at the supra-antennal convexities, thence
straight and convergent to the frontal angles, the latter obtuse ; epistoma
broadly and evenly emarginate ; frontal sutures not evident. Antennse
rather stout and moderate in length, tenth joint transversely oval, the
three-jointed club very slightly wider than the preceding joints.

Pronotum quadrate to slightly transverse, widest at apical third ; apex
truncato-emarginate in moderate circular arc ; sides quite strongly arcuate
in apical half, thence straight, oblique and moderately convergent to base,
marginal bead fine ; apical angles nearly rectangular ; base transverse and
the angles obtuse but not in the least rounded ; disk moderately strongly
convex, declivous laterally, finely and rather densely punctate, punctures
slightly larger laterally, those of the central area being a little more
widely separated.

Elytra oval, base sinuate lateral to the scutelluni, the latter triangular ;
humeri obtuse and rather distinct; sides evenly arcuate, apex moderately
narrowly rounded ; disk costate, costje moderately convex, smooth and
sparsely punctulate, intervals finely and more abundantly, irregularly
punctate; punctures on the apical declivity slightly muricate. Legs mod-
erate in length and stoutness, as well as rather densely sculptured. Tarsi
moderately stout.

Male: More elongate oblong-oval, front of head more convex. Pro-
notum subquadrate, widest at middle as viewed from above. Elytral
hiten'als alternately costate. Abdomen very slightly oblique to the sterna,
strongly impressed at middle of first two segments, inter-coxal process
broad. Anterior spurs of the protibiae produced and moderate in stoutness.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONWJE 375

Female: Oblong-ovate, broader. Pronotum wider than long, widest in
front of the middle. Elytra costate as in the male with the intervening
intervals more or less convex, sides with an incipient margin; apical de-
clivity arcuate and moderately abrupt. Abdomen rather strongly convex.
Anterior protibial spur produced and thickened as in the female of
qiiadricollis.

Length (types) 15-16.5 mm.; width 6-7.8 mm.

Holotypc, female, and allotype, male, in my collection. Para-
types in that of Mr. Warren Knaus of McPherson, Kansas.
Collected on "the Mammoth," at top of Parowan Mountains,
Utah, on July 12-22, 1921, at an elevation of 10,000 feet, by
Mr. Knaus, while on the Mininger-Hoover Ex^Dedition.

Four specimens studied. The elytral sculpturing of paro-
wana is unique in the qiiadricollis section of the subgenus
Melaneleodes. Extending backward from the humeri is an
angulation indicating the beginning demarcation of the in-
flexed sides from the dorsum of the elytra, as observed in
tricostata and pediu aides, although the elytra are strongly
convex and not depressed as in the latter species. In parozvana
the anterior protibial spurs are produced and stout as in
qiiadricollis. In the tricostata group the spurs are produced
but they are not so stout. This new species is a most interest-
ing and surprising addition to the subgenus Melaneleodes.

4. Eleodes parowana mimica Blaisdell, new variety

Mimica resembles parowana in most characters, but differs,
chiefly in the character of the sculpturing, as follows : Form
rather more robust, integuments rather denser. Elytral sculp-
turing more strongly developed and like that observed in the
oval form of tricostata; alternate intervals strongly convex,
surface scabrous from rather fine and quite densely placed
muricate punctures ; the intermediate intervals may become
feebly subcostate.

In parowana the elytral punctures are very fine and quite
equal throughout, scarcely at all or very feebly asperate at
times. In other words in parozvana the punctuation resembles
that observed in typical porcata Casey, except that the punc-
tures are equal in size. In mimica the punctuation is like that
of tricostata Say. The pronotum and the anterior tibial spurs

376 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

are as in the quadricollis group. In the tricosfata group the
pronotum is distinctly transverse.

Length (types) 17-16 mm. ; width 6.5-7 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection.
Paratypes in that of Mr. Tanner.

Type locality: Bryce Canon, Utah. Collected by Mr.
Vasco M. Tanner on July 27th, 1922.

5. Eleodes fuscipilosa Blaisdell, new species

Form rather elongate subfusiform-ovate to ovate, slightly depressed
above and a little more than twice as long as wide. Color black through-
out, luster rather dull.

Head rather small, front very feebly convex, impressions obsolete,
densely and rather finely punctate, punctures much sparser on the vertex ;
epistoma subtruncate at apex, sides quite straight and slightly convergent
anteriorly, angles distinct and rather narrowly rounded, supra-antennal
convexities feeble. Eyes rather narrow. Antennae moderate in length,
gradually and very slightly incrassate in outer joints; joints four to seven
longer than wide and obconical, eighth triangular, ninth and tenth slightly
transverse, eleventh obovate and rather obliquely truncate at tip.

Pronotum subquadrate, relatively small, widest at about the middle,
base and apex subequal ; apex quite truncate and the angles very distinct,
obtuse and not prominent anteriorly ; sides rather evenly but not strongly
arcuate, almost straight posteriorly and moderately convergent to base,
marginal bead fine ; base feebly and broadly arcuate, the angles obtuse ;
disk rather evenly convex, most strongly so laterally and declivous as
usual in the quadricollis group, finely and almost evenly punctate, punc-
tures well separated.

Elytra suboval, base scarcely wider than the pronotal base, slightly
emarginate and adapted to the pronotal base; sides moderately arcuate,
convergently so to apex in apical fourth, the apex rather narrowly
rounded ; disk more or less depressed, more or less moderately and more
abruptly rounded into the deflexed sides, rather abruptly and arcuately
declivous posteriorly ; surface quite discretely muricato-granulate, gran-
ules small and shining at summit, not well developed in the central sutural
area, irregularly placed, but with a suggestion of a serial arrangement
when viewed longitudinally from behind; each granule with a short
nearly erect and somewhat stiff brownish hair which is scarcely conspic-
uous. Epipleura rather narrow and but slightly wider toward base.

Sterna finely and rather densely muricato-punctate. Abdomen finely and
rather closely punctate ; segments rather strongly convex antero-pos-
teriorly. Legs moderate in length and stoutness.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONIDX y?7

Male: Narrower, subfusiform-ovate. Pronotum about as wide as long;
antennae slightly stouter; elytral disk less depressed. Abdomen slightly
oblique to the sterna; first and second segments flattened in middle third,
with a median longitudinal impression. Tarsi rather stout ; first protarsal
joint not noticeably thickened at apex beneath. Anterior protibial spur
distinctly lengthened and stouter than the posterior.

Female : Broader and ovate. Pronotum slightly wider than long. An-
tennae rather less stout. Elytral disk noticeably flattened. Abdomen hori-
zontal and moderately strongly convex. Tarsi rather less stout. Anterior
protibial spur very distinctly enlarged.

Length (types) 14-16 mm.; width 5-8 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection, both
collected at Parowan, Utah, at an elevation of 6000 ft., on
July 24-25, 1921, by Mr. Warren Knaus while on the Minin-
ger-Hoover Expedition.

FuscipUosa belongs to the quadricollis section of the genus
on account of the enlarged anterior protibial spurs. It differs
from all others of the group in the relatively small head and
pronotum and brownish pubescence of the elytra. It should
follow coloradensis in the list of species.

6. Eleodes reducta Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-ovate, about two and a third times longer than wide and
moderately strongly convex. Color deep black, luster somewhat shining.

Head moderate in size, front very slightly convex, impressions feebly
indicated, most marked within the supra-antennal convexities ; densely
and irregularly punctate, with small impunctate areas, punctures rather
small, becoming still smaller and sparser on the vertex ; sides rather arcu-
ately prominent over the antennal base, thence becoming sinuate, straight
and obliquely convergent to the narrowly rounded epistomal angles ; apex
of the epistoma broadly and feebly emarginate. Eyes narrow. Antennae
moderate in stoutness and length, attaining the pronotal base; joints four
to eight slightly longer than wide, ninth about as long as wide and sub-
globular, tenth slightly wider than long, eleventh short obovate and trun-
cate at tip.

Pronotum subquadrate, widest at about the middle ; apex truncate in
circular arc, apical angles obtuse and distinct ; sides broadly and moder-
ately arcuate, becoming straight or slightly sinuate to base, marginal bead
very fine ; base broadly but not strongly arcuate, sometimes feebly sinuate

378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

at middle ; basal angles obtuse ; disk evenly convex, more strongly so lat-
erally, marginal bead more or less visible from above, punctures small
and distinct, more or less regularly placed and not crowded.

Elytra oval, less than twice as long as wide ; base feebly emarginate
and adapted to the pronotal base, slightly wider than the latter, humeri
obtuse and not prominent ; sides broadly and moderately arcuate, con-
verging to apex in apical third, the latter rather narrowly rounded ; disk
moderately convex on the dorsum, more strongly so laterally but not
rounding broadly into the moderately inflexed sides, punctures feebly
muricate, rather evenly distributed, although slightly denser at the sides
and apex where they become more strongly muricate, irregularly placed,
with unimpressed strise evident ; rather abruotly and arcuately declivous
posteriorly.

Sterna more or less finely muricato-punctate ; abdomen more sparsely
punctate. Legs of moderate length and stoutness.

Male: Narrower, pronotum about as wide as long. Abdomen slightly
oblique to the sterna, first two segments flattened in the central area,
with a slight median longitudinal impression. Protarsal plantar grooves
open, first joint not noticeably thickened at apex beneath.

Female : Broader, pronotum a little wider than long. Abdomen hori-
zontal and rather strongly convex. Protarsal plantar grooves closed on
the first joint, the latter prominent at apex beneath and set with small
black spinules. Anterior protibial spurs enlarged and thickened.

Length (types) 15-17.5 mm.; width 6-7.5 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection. A fe-
male paratype is in the collection of Mr. Vasco M. Tanner.
Dixie Normal School, St. George, Utah. Collected near Cove
Fort on the Beaver County line, Utah, June 20th, 1922, by
Mr. Tanner.

Reducta is related to humeralis, but at first sight resembles
obsoleta forma punctata, and is readily separated from it by the
enlarged anterior protarsal spurs of the female. The form is
less robust than m humeralis and the sculpturing is less dense
and more muricate; in humeralis the sculpturing is dense,
more granular and very minutely muricate, the lateral pro-
;iotal margin is distinctly visible from above as a result of the
disk being less arcuately declivous at the sides. Coloradensis
is more robust and less elongate. The elytra in fuscipilosa are
clothed with short brownish hairs, while in concinna the ely-
tral sculpturing consists of small discrete shining granules.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONIDJE 379

7. Eleodes mazatzalensis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate-ovate, somewhat depressed, a little more than twice as
long as wide. Color deep black and shining.

Head moderate in size, about as long as wide, almost flat, feebly im-
pressed laterally ; punctures moderate in size, not crowded, slightly smaller
and somewhat sparser on the vertex. Antennae moderate in length, slightly
compressed distally, scarcely at all incrassate; third joint very little longer
than the fourth and fifth taken together; fourth joint just the least longer
than the fifth; fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth subequal in length, last two
very little stouter and feebly triangular ; ninth and tenth oval, scarcely
longer than wide ; eleventh oblong-oval, a little longer than wide and
rather broadly rounded at apex.

Pronotum about two-sevenths wider than long, widest slightly in ad-
vance of the middle ; sides rather broadly arcuate in anterior three-
fourths, thence moderately convergent and feebly sinuate to base, mar-
ginal bead fine ; apex truncate ; apical angles obtuse and distinct ; base
very feebly arcuate and about equal to the apex ; basal angles obtuse,
almost distinct ; disk moderately and evenly convex from side to side,
feebly so antero-posteriorly, quite strongly declivous laterally behind the
middle, noticeably so at the apical angles, surface finely and sparsely
punctulate, slightly alutaceous.

Elytra oval, feebly wider posteriorly, sides broadly arcuate, apex mod-
erately broadly rounded ; disk with distinct lines of punctures, the latter
moderate in coarseness, rather closely but irregularly spaced, intervals
with an irregular line of sparsely placed punctules ; surface rather de-
pressed in the central area, almost vertically declivous posteriorly. Humeri
small and acute.

Sterna quite densely punctured. Abdomen finely punctato-rugulose ;
horizontal in both sexes. Legs moderate in length ; the posterior notice-
ably longer in relative proportion than the anterior.

Male : Somewhat narrower. Abdomen feebly flattened along the middle
of the first three segments. Inner spur of the anterior tibiae a little stouter
than the outer; plantar grooves open on all the tarsi, except at the tip of
the first joint of the anterior tarsi, where it is closed by a transverse
row of coarse blackish spinules.

Female : Slightly broader. Antennae relatively a little longer ; abdomen
evenly but not strongly convex.

Male, length 14 mm., width 6 mm.; female, length 18 mm.,
width 7 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, in the collection of the
Entomological Department of the Agricultnral College of Cor-
nell University, Ithaca, New York. Para type, female, in the
anthor's collection. Types bear the label : Lot 445, Sub. 3.

380 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Type locality: Mazatzal Mountains, Arizona, collected
Sept. 1-3.

The anterior tarsi are imperfect on both types, only the first
and second joints being present. The sexes are similar in
form, and suggestive of the females of dissimilis Blais. In
the latter the plantar grooves of the anterior tarsi are open in
both sexes, and the elytral punctuation is finer. The tarsal
characters and tibial spurs correlate mazataalensis with the
carbouaria section of the subgenus Melaneleodes. A second
female in the Agricultural College collection is more finely
sculptured.

8. Eleodes coloradensis Blaisdell, new species

In my Monographic Revision of the Eleodiini this species
was recorded as a form of humeralis Lee. (Forma tubcrcitlo-
inuricata). The collecting of recent years has contributed
much toward the elucidation of the relationship between cer-
tain phases that were of dubious status at the time the above
monograph was written. I made no mistake, however, in con-
sidering the above species as related to humeralis Lee. I gave
simply the relationship as I interpreted it from the meager
material that was before me at that time. I will now present
a modified description considering it a species :

Form robust and less elongate than humeralis Lee. Pronotum more
arcuately declivous laterally, with the margins more or less invisible from
above. Elytra more coarsely and strongly sculptured, subtuberculately
muricate with the punctures much sparser than in humeralis.

Length (types) 16-16 mm.; width 5.5-7 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection. Both
types were collected in Colorado, the male by C. V. Riley.

In coloradensis the elytral granules are larger and more like
tubercles. It is separated from humeralis by the more robust
form, sparser and coarser sculpturing of the elytra, as well as
the more abruptly declivous sides of the pronotal disk. It is
more robust than fuscipilosa, with a relatively larger head and
pronotum and the absence of distinct hairs on the elytra. In
rileyi Casey the elytral sculpturing is sparser and not asperate.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONID/E 3gl

9. Eleodes concinna Blaisdell, new species

This species was considered as humcralis forma graiinlato-
muricata in my Monograph (Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1909).
Many specimens collected in Nevada, Lassen and Plumas
counties in California have been studied and compared during
the last decade. My present conviction is that it should have
full specific rank. Concinna may be defined as follows :

Form elongate, oblong-ovate to ovate, less robust and more sparsely-
sculptured than humeralis Lee. Elytra moderately convex on the dorsum,
sides more or less broadly rounded ; disk less densely sculptured with
small muricate granules which are shining at their summit.

Length (types) 15.5-16 mm.; width 5.8-7 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, in my collection. The
male was collected in Lassen County, California, and the ac-
companying female was taken at Carson, Nevada.

Distribution: Nevada (Verdi, April — Blaisdell; Carson
City, July; Reno, — Wickham; Utah, — Riley). California
(Lassen County; Plumas County, April 25th, — Essig.)

The specimens from Lassen County, California, "have the
elytra discretely granulate; each granule under low power of
magnification is polished and shining, under high power the
granules are minutely pointed at their summit." This form of
sculpturing constitutes the typical phase.

10. Eleodes wenzeli Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-oval with elytral disk flattened. Color deep black, luster
somewhat alutaceous, surface smooth, almost glabrous.

Head relatively small, front very slightly convex, impressions obsolete,
punctures fine, discrete, slightly coarser on the epistoma ; sides feebly
arcuate over the antennal fossse, thence feebly sinuate and straight, con-
verging to the narrowly rounded epistomal angles, apex of the epistoma
feebly and broadly emarginate. Antennae moderate in length, joints four
to seven slightly longer than wide, subequal, seventh slightly shorter, ter-
minal joint not thickened, as long as wide, subglobular and slightly
compressed.

Pronotum subquadrate, as wide as the elytra, widest slightly in ad-
vance of the middle; apex slightly emarginate in feeble circular arc;
apical angles subacute and slightly prominent anteriorly ; sides broadly
and moderately arcuate in anterior two-thirds, thence less so, straight

0O7 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Puoc. 4th Ser.

and very moderately convergent to the basal angles, marginal bead dis-
tinct and moderately fine ; base very feebly arcuate ; basal angles obtuse ;
disk moderately and evenly convex, finely and not closely punctate, basal
impressions obsolete.

Elytra oblong, narrowing posteriorly, about twice as long as wide ; base
feebly emarginate and adapted to the pronotal base, humeri slightly ex-
posed, small and obtuse ; sides broadly arcuate, subparallel, gradually
converging to apex in apical third, apex rather narrowly rounded ; disk
flattened on the dorsum, moderately convex, rather abruptly rounding
into the moderately inflexed sides, arcuately and rather obliquely declivous
posteriorly, finely, not closely and quite evenly punctate, punctures not
subasperate, obsoletely striate. Epipleura very gradually widening toward
base and comparatively narrow.

Sterna and abdomen shining, feebly and not densely sculptured. Legs
moderately long, femora rather stout ; tarsi somewhat slender.

Male: Form oblong, parallel; elytra flattened on the dorsum. Abdomen
oblique, to the sterna and impressed in the middle third of the first two
segments.

Length 19 mm. ; width 8 mm.

Holotype, male, in the author's collection, taken in the
Chisos Mountains of Texas, on July 24, by Mr. H. A. Wenzel,
after whom the species is named.

Wenaeli belongs to the pc din aides group of the subgenus
Melaneleodes. It can readily be recognized by its smooth,
finely sculptured integuments and alutaceous luster. In spccu-
HcoUis the pronotal disk is polished and shining, the elytra
rather strongly sculptured. Neomexicaua is duller in luster
and the elytra are rather densely but not coarsely subasper-
ately sculptured, while pedinoides is larger, more shining and
the elytra striate; asperata Lee. has the elytra more strongly
and very distinctly muricate at the sides and on the apex.

11. Eleodes speculicollis Blaisdell, new species

Similar in form to neomexicaua Blais. Surface more shin-
ing, the pronotal disk polished.

Pronotum evenly and moderately convex, basal impressions feeble or
obsolete ; base broadly and not strongly emarginate at middle ; disk with
several fortuitous impressions, not present in the males.

Elytra moderately feebly convex on the dorsum, laterally rather less
broadly rounded than in ncomexicana; surface obsoletely striate, inter-
vals indicated as faint subglabrous lines, punctures confused, rather dense

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONW.^ ^^:^

and somewhat fine, not at all granulato-muricate, except slightly so on the
apex. Legs rather less stout. Otherwise as in ncomexicana Blais.

Length (types) 20-21 mm.; width 7-9 mm.

Holotypc, female, No. 1812, and allotype, male, No. 1813,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by C. D. Duncan, July 9,
1921, on Livermore Peak, Davis Mountains, Texas. Paratypes,
two males, one in the collection of the Academy and one in
that of the author, same data.

Spcculicollis is readily separated from neomexicana by its
shining integuments and polished pronotal disk and smoother
elytral sculpturing. Three males and one female have been
studied. It is the author's belief that neomexicana Blais.
should be considered a distinct species and not a race of pedi-
noides Lee.

12. Eleodes obscura glabriuscula Blaisdell, new subspecies

Similar to dispcrsa Lee. Color deep black, surface smooth
and shining.

Elytral sculpturing consisting of stria; of coarser punctures; intervals
with a single series of similar punctures that are more widely spaced
with the surface slightly rugose laterally and on the apex, where the
punctures become more or less asperate and the sculpturing confused ;
punctures simple on the dorsum.

Sterna and abdomen polished.

Male narrower as in dispersa.

Female broader and rather less elongate.

Length (types) 30-28 mm.; width 10-11 mm.

Holotype, female. No. 1814, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
by C. D. Duncan, July 12, 1921, at Alpine, Texas. Allotype,
male, collected by C. D. Duncan, July 9, 1921, on Livermore
Peak, Davis Mountains, Texas.

In the form deleta Lee. the elytral sulci are obsolete, except
at the sides behind the middle, where some faint traces of them
are seen ; the punctures are submuricate and arranged in strise,
distinct on the dorsum, but confused at the sides ; betw^een the
rows are distinct punctures as in obscura Say; posteriorly
abruptly declivous and furnished with rows of tubercles, alter-

September 18, 1925

384 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIES^CES [Proc. 4th Ser.

nately large and small. In arata Lee. the elytral sulci are
deeper than in siilcipennis Mann, and therefore quite different
from glahriuscula.

13. Eleodes hispilabris connexa Lee.

This subspecies was unknown to me in nature when my
monograph was written. A couple of years ago a pair of spe-
cimens collected at Albuquerque, New Mexico, came into my
possession. Both sexes are narrower than in hispilabris Say,
and the integuments are denser. Le Conte's description very
correctly defines the subspecific characteristics : "Elongate,
black and bright, thorax moderately punctulate with sides
rounded, anterior angles acute and slightly prominent; basal
angles obtuse. Elytra elongate oval, intervals subconvex and
more or less rugose, subacute posteriorly." Type locality,
Prairie Paso, Texas. It is a distinct subspecies.

14. Eleodes hispilabris nupta Say

This variety of hispilabris Say was first described from spe-
cimens taken at Laredo to Ringhold Barracks, Texas. It is
less elongate, more robust and the elytra are more or less in-
flated, sometimes markedly so. Many specimens are more or
less broadly rufous along the elytral suture. Nnpta has been
heretofore quite rare, not many specimens having been col-
lected in recent years.

I have recently received the loan of twenty- four specimens
from the entomological collection of the University of Kansas,
through the kindness of Prof. R. H. Beamer ; also seven spe-
cimens from Mr. Warren Knaus of McPherson, Kansas. Both
series were collected on the sand hills about Medora, Kansas.
Those from the University collection were taken on April 13th,
1925, with the exception of one specimen which was collected
in SheiTnan County, Kansas, at an elevation of 3600 feet by
Mr. F. X. Williams. The latter specimen is quite identical
with one in my own collection secured at Fort Supply, Okla-
homa. Those loaned to me by Mr. Knaus were in part also
collected in April, on the 25th, the others on September 17th,
1916.

Vol. XI\] BLAISDELL—THE tenebrionid^ 385

A pair was first submitted to me for identification and I
thought that they represented a new race of hispilabris Say,
until I saw the entire series. Niipta Say has a wider distribu-
tion than was at first beheved. The body form of the Kansas
series is more hke that of the females of the carhonarux, omissa
and quadricollis sections of the subgenus Melaneleodes Blais.
The small prothorax, shorter and broader, and the more or
less inflated elytra gives quite a different facies from that of
the typical hispilabris Say.

The specimens collected in September are more decidedly
red along the suture than those collected in April. This may
be due to a somewhat immature condition or to retardation
and alteration in the chemical constitution of the pigment.
The darker individuals appear to have firmer integuments.

15. Eleodes dentipes montana Blaisdell, new variety

Form and color of dentipes. Pronotum very finely but not densely
punctate. Elytra with unimpressed stria; of rather coarse and closely
placed punctures, with single interstitial series of slightly smaller and
rather more widely spaced punctures; series not confused laterally or
apically.

Length (types) 24-23 mm.; width 8.1-9.2 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection. Col-
lected in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Mt. Hermon, Santa
Cruz County, California, on July 20, 1922.

In dentipes Esch. the pronotal punctuation is a little coarser
and that of the elytra finer and confused laterally and apically.
In confinis Blais. the punctuation is still finer and the sides of
the pronotum are straight posteriorly and not in the least sinu-
ate before the basal angles. In perpunctata Blais. the form is
more elongate, the punctuation variable and the sides of the
pronotal disk are impressed, dull and granulate within the
bead. Dentipes and montana have the pronotal disk glabrous
and transversely convex from bead to bead. Tidarensis is
more alutaceous, the legs and antennae are slender and the

3g^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

elytra are oval, the humeri being obsolete. In the race
marincu Blais, the elytral punctures are diffuse and of equal
size throughout and the form is rather more robust.

16. Eleodes dentipes tularensis Blaisdell, new subspecies

Form elongate, subfusiform oval. Color black, luster rather dull.

Head about a third wider than long, feebly convex and with very shal-
low impressions within the antennal convexities ; finely and sparsely sub-
asperately punctate, punctures rather dense laterally and on the epistoma.
Antennae rather long, moderately slender, last three or four joints slightly
wider.

Pronotum about a seventh wider than long, base quite equal to the apex,
the latter feebly emarginate in circular arc, finely or obsoletely beaded;
base feebly arcuate and finely beaded ; sides broadly and rather moder-
ately arcuate, briefly sinuate before the basal angles which are distinct
but feeble; apical angles small, dentiform and more or less everted;
disk rather evenly and moderately convex, finely and sparsely punctate,
scarcely denser laterally, not impressed along the margin but narrowly
opaque with granulate punctures, marginal bead fine, rather thin and very
feebly reflexed. Propleura sparsely, rather finely, subasperately punctate
with scattered rugulse.

Elytra fusiform-oval to oval. Base equal to the pronotal base, trun-
cate to feebly bisinuate ; humeri very small or absent ; sides quite evenly
arcuate, rather narrowly rounded at apex ; disk moderately arcuate, more
strongly rounded laterally, rather obliquely declivous apically ; evenly and
sparsely punctate, punctures equal in size, arranged serially in the central
area, and closely placed in the series, interstitial punctures rather widely
spaced, all becoming confused laterally and on the apex where they are
minutely muricate, with the prickles discernible.

Parapleura finely and more thickly punctate. Abdomen sparsely punc-
tate, punctures finely subasperate. Legs rather long and noticeably slender.

Male : Narrower and fusiform oval in form. Abdomen nearly on a
plane with the sterna, very moderately convex and just noticeably flat-
tened along the middle.

Female : Broader, elytra more oval. Abdomen a little more convex.
Legs less slender.

Male, length 15.5 mm., width 8 mm.; female, length 14
mm., width 9 mm.

Type locality: Northfork, Fresno County, California. Col-
lected by Mr. Henry Dietrich on March 4, 1920.

\'0L. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIONWJE 337

Holotype, female, and allotype, male in my collection; para-
fvpcs in Mr. Dietrich's and my own collection. A female para-
type has been placed in the collection of the California Academy
of Sciences by Mr. Dietrich. A series of twelve specimens
have been studied.

The salient characteristics of titlarensis are the absence of
humeri and the unusually slender legs. The anterior femora
have a small triangular tooth at about the outer fourth. Con-
finis Blais. is found in the foothills on the west slope of the
Sierras and coast range foothills as well, and is a robust race
with the pronotal sides without basal sinuations. Perpunctafa
Blais. is a larger and more elongate race, legs long and stout,
sides of the pronotal disk noticeably impressed along the lat-
eral margins ; the latter character being entirely absent in
fularnisis. Marines Blais., a stouter more compact race found
in Marin County, California, has the elytral punctuation dis-
tinct, the punctures diffuse and of equal strength throughout.

17. Eleodes parvicollis alticola Blaisdell, new variety

In form similar to trita, but less opaque and more finely
punctured. Oblong-ovate, a little more than twice as long as
wide. Head finely punctate, the punctures slightly denser at
the periphery.

Pronotum about a fifth wider than long; finely and not very closely
punctate, punctures slightly larger and somewhat granulate laterally in
the marginal area, where the disk is very feebly impressed ; apex, sides,
base and angles as in producta. Propleura rather sparsely granulato-
punctate, more or less rugulose on the coxal convexities.

Elytra less elongate than in producta and planata, about a third longer
than wide; base truncate, wider than the pronotal base; sides moderately
arcuate, apex obtusely and somewhat narrowly rounded ; disk somewhat
flattened, but moderately convex, less so in basal fourth, obliquely and
arcuately declivous posteriorly; surface not eroded, moderately densely
punctate, punctures slightly muricato-granulate, laterally and apically.

Prosternum rather densely punctate, elsewhere the punctures are more
widely separated and not coarse. Abdomen densely and not very finely
granulato-punctate on the first and second segments, less so on the third,
fourth and fifth finely and sparsely punctate. Legs moderately stout.
Sexual differences as in trita.

3g8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Length (types) 14-14.5 mm.; width 6.5-7 mm.
Types, male and female, in my collection.

Type locality: Piute Mountain, Kern County, California;
collected May 29th, 1913. Many specimens have been iden-
tified.

Alticola is more shining and less coarsely punctate than
trita Blais. although similar in form. Plaiiata Esch. is more
elongate and there is greater difference in body form between
the sexes, besides it inhabits a different geographical region —
the oak groves of the great valleys, while trita and alticola
are found at higher altitudes in the mountains. Constricta Lee.
is more strongly and coarsely punctate, with the elytra more
depressed on the disk and the basal constriction of the pro-
notum is stronger and more abrupt, with the sides perfectly
straight and parallel before the basal angles; in alticola the
sinuations are more gradually formed and the sides not par-
allel.

18. Eleodes manni dilaticollis Blaisdell, new variety

Form oblong-oval, less than twice as long as wide, more robust and less
elongate than manni Blais. Color deep black.

Head more transverse and the antennae rather shorter than in nwnni.
Pronotum distinctly more transverse than in the latter species and more
strongly and a little more coarsely, closely punctate. Elytra more broadly
oval, humeri more or less distinct, disk more noticeably muricately punc-
tate laterally and about the apex. Otherwise as in manni.

Length (types) 13-15.5 mm.; width 5.6-7.6 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, and paratypes in my
collection. Mr. M. C. Lane of Ritzville, Washington, also pos-
sesses paratypes and collected the types at Sprague, Washing-
ton, on May 15, and June 19, 1921; other specimens were
secured at Lake McElroy, Paha, Washington, on May 24th.
In the types the humeri are distinct. A considerable series
has been studied and the differential characters have been
found constant.

Vol. XIV] BLAISDELL—THE TENEBRIOMID^ 389

In parvicollis Esch. and its races the pronotal punctures are
smaller and more distinctly separated. In manni var. variolosa
Blais, the elytra are more coarsely and subrugosely sculp-
tured, a character resembling that observed in cordata Esch. ;
the pronotum is less transverse and subequal in the sexes. In
dilaticollis the pronotum is much more transverse in the female.
In horni Blais. and its race monticola Blais. the sculpturing is
finer, legs more slender and the surface luster more opaque.
As a rule manni and its race dilaticollis have the pronotal sides
less abruptly sinuate at base than is found in parvicollis and
its races. These characters are maintained in larger series.
Sierra Blais. is more alutaceous, elytra more parallel with the
humeri more or less distinct.

19. Eleodes nigrina difformis Blaisdell, new subspecies

Form and size variable, more robust than typical nigrtna Lee, mimic-
ing omissa Lee. ; the males less elongate. Color black, luster more or less
moderately shining. Sculpturing as in nigrina. Comparative stoutness
of appendages variable.

Male : Less elongate and broader, differing but little from the female
in form.

Female: Broader on the average than the female of ttigrina; pronotum
quadrate to a fourth wider than long.

Length (types) 20-20.5 mm.; width 8-9 mm. Variations in
size; largest female, length 23 mm., width 9.5 mm.; smallest
female, length 15 mm., width 6 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, in my collection. Para-
types in the collection of Mr. M. C. Lane. Ritzville. Wash-
ington, and in my own. The types were collected at Lind,
Washington, on April 10, 1920.

I am indebted to Mr. Lane for a generous series showing
the remarkable variation in body fonn and size. Most of these
specimens were taken in the vicinity of Ritzville, in September
and October, 1921.

Large series of nigrina Lee. show an adherence to a uni-
form body form, and the individuals are more elongate and
duller in luster, while the race perlonga Blais. is more elongate,
polished and shining. Schivarzi Blais. has a differently formed

390 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

pronotiim and is on the whole more robust as regards the
dorso-ventral thickness of the body. Nevadensis Blais. is more
slender, very dull and alutaceous in surface luster.

Neobaphion Blaisdell, new genus

This genus is proposed to receive Eleodes planipenms Lee.
The genital characters are embaphionoid and the body form
that of an Eleodes. It is therefore to be placed between Eleodes
Esch. and Embaphion Say. in our lists. Since the Monograph
on the Eleodiini (Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus.) was written, at
least three new species have been studied, unfortunately as
uniques, but all referable to the genus as given above. For
further data consult the above cited monograph.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 17, pp. 391-425 September 24, 1925

XVII

NEW HEMIPTERA FROM WESTERN NORTH

AMERICA

BY

EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE
Curator, Department of Entomology

The present paper contains the descriptions of 41 new spe-
cies and subspecies of western Hemiptera. In great part these
represent species that have accumulated through the field
work of the curator of the department of entomology, in Cali-
fornia and neighboring states. Their study has been inciden-
tal to the determination of the Hemiptera in the collection of
the Academy, during the past five years, and are now pub-
lished so the names can be used in work now in progress on
our interesting western insect fauna.

1. Vanduzeeina calif ornica Van Duzee, new species

Larger and less hairy than balli with a longer and more
parallel head ; testaceous brown, closely fuscopunctate, apex
of scutellum with an oblong pale spot. Length 6-7 mm.

Head as wide between the eyes as long, but slightly narrowed apically,
sides nearly rectilinear ; cheeks shorter than tylus, their surface depressed
next the prominent median portion of the tylus, their apex roundedly
truncate ; bucculae high and subacutely angled as in balli. Sides of pro-
notum distinctly sinuate anteriorly, the anterior angles prominent ; in
balli nearly rectilinear or very feebly arcuated ; transverse median impres-

September 24, 1925

392 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

sion feeble. Upper surface less convex transversely than in halli. Punc-
tures on venter hardly as close as on dorsum, the median line smooth.
Vestiture short, gray. Rostrum attaining apex of second ventral segment.
Color soiled testaceous brown, closely fuscopunctate, the head, pro-
notum and connexivum more or less tinged with rufous ; lower surface
of head and sides of pectus nearly black; apex of scutellum with an
oblong pale spot, rounded anteriorly and widened on hind margin, spar-
ingly fuscopunctate and often outlined with fuscous ; dorsum sometimes
with a slender median white line more or less complete ; pronotum
usually with a pale point either side before the black annular callosities ;
expanded anterior angles pale ; connexivum annulate at base of each
segment. Antennae fuscous, the incisures pale. Legs fuscous, the knees
and tarsi pale.

Described from four male and three female specimens taken
at Cisco, Calif., July, 1911, by Dr. Charles von Geldern and
one taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke in Yosemite Valley Park,
June 26, 1921.

The larger size, short sparse vestiture, sinuated pronotal
margins, more parallel head and pale apical spot on scutellum
will distinguish this species. As in allied scutellerids the male
is more uniform in coloration with the pale markings more or
less obsolete.

Type: Male, No. 1748, and allotype, female, No. 1749, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected in July, 1911, by Dr. Chas. von
Geldern, at Cisco, Calif.

2. Vanduzeeina borealis Van Duzee, new species

Differs from californica in being larger, in having the
cheeks more convex with their margins more acute and over-
hanging, and the disk of the pronotum more feebly, trans-
versely impressed. The specimens at hand, two females,
show a more distinct percurrent pale median carina above and
the apical pale spot on the scutellum is scarcely indicated and
is more triangular in form. Anterior pronotal angles more
rounded, the humeral angles bounded by deeper depressions.
Length 7.5-8 mm.

Described from two females, one taken by Mr. Wheeler at
Emerald Lake, B. C, August 15, 1915. the other from Golden,

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 393

B. C. This should perhaps be considered as a subspecies of
calif ornica but it has the aspect of a distinct species.

Type: Female, No. 1750, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected
August 15, 1915, at Emerald Lake, B. C. Allotype in author's
collection.

3. Margus repletus Van Duzee, new species

Size and aspect of ohscurator Fabr., but with legs and an-
tennae more robust, surface more strongly dotted with fuscous,
tylus more rounded and less prominent and the spines of the
antenniferous tubercles more acute. Length 8 mm.

Head a little longer than broad across the eyes ; ocelli more distant than
in ohscurator, obviously nearer the eye than to the median line; tylus
scarcely exceeding the cheeks, rounded, not compressed and prominent as
in ohscurator. Antennas stout ; segment I as long as head to hind margin
of eye, one-fourth as wide as long, strongly narrowed on basal third;
segments II and III subequal to I, IV a little shorter and thicker than III ;
tooth on antenniferous tubercle terete, exceeding the tubercle by width
of segment II. Pronotum narrower than in ohscurator, the expanded sides
recurved, anterior angles broader and more obtuse ; median line sub-
carinate behind the transverse depression ; nervures of membrane stout,
strongly anastomosing as in inconspicuns; whole upper surface strongly
punctured, each puncture with a short golden hair. Rostrum attaining
anterior line of intermediate coxae. Male genital segment shorter, vertical,
broadly sinuate at apex.

Color testaceous gray, tinged with yellowish on head and connexivum ;
maculated and strongly punctured with fuscous, including the legs and
antennse, the connexivum and tibiae alternated with darker areas ; beneath
pale, dotted with rufous or fuscous, these punctures forming a row on
hind edge of each ventral segment ; vertex showing a pale median mark
at base and two raised spots either side of base of tylus ; tip of antennae
rufescent.

Described from one male taken in Palm Cafion, San Jacinto
Mts., Calif., at 2000 feet elevation, June 12, 1909, by Mr.
Fordyce Grinnell. In Stal's key this runs to nigropunctatus
but differs in several particulars.

Type: Male, No. 1751, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Fordyce Grinnell June 12, 1909, in Palm Canon, San Jacinto
Mts., California.

394 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

4. Cydamus abditus Van Duzee, new species

Allied to fcmoralis and like that species with a long black-
tipped spine at each humeral angle and at apex of scutellum;
testaceous yellow, tergum, membrane, and apical segment of
antennce castaneous or black. Length 6-7 mm.

Head narrowed behind the eyes, as long there as half the width of the
vertex between the eyes; cheeks not meeting over the tylus. Segment I of
antennae attaining apex of head; II and III subequal; IV a little shorter
than II and III together, but little thinner than anterior femora, tapering
to either end. Rostrum attaining hind coxae; segment I much thickened,
reaching posterior line of eyes; II twice longer than III and IV together;
III one half of IV. Pronotum oblong, a fourth longer than wide, together
with the head closely punctate ; a broad transverse impunctate area covers
the callosities ; humeral spines erect, acute, as long as width across the
ocelli. Scutellum narrow, smooth, with a marginal row of punctures;
apical spine erect, as long as the humeral. Elytra coarsely punctate,
reaching apex of third abdominal segment; clavus with three regular rows
of punctures ; corium with two strong veins, the areoles edged with a
row of coarse punctures ; membrane a mere margin to the oblique apex
of the corium. Abdomen smooth and polished. Osteolar canal auriculate,
prominent.

Color testaceous-yellow, paler beneath ; membrane, broad vitta on ter-
gum, genital segment and humeral and scutellar spines black ; eyes and
apical segment of antennae castaneous, the latter paler at either end;
antennae and legs faintly punctate with dusky ; tip of rostrum black.

Described from two male and five female examples taken by
me from under stones at Nogales, Arizona, April 3, 1921. In
structural characters this species is allied to femoralis but it is
very distinct otherwise.

Type: Male, No. 1752, and allotype, female. No. 1753, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 3, 1921,
at Nogales, Arizona.

5. Lygidea essigi Van Duzee, new species

Closely related to ohscura Renter, a little broader, darker
colored, head fuller and antennae thicker. Length 6 mm.

Male: Vertex strongly convex, highly polished, basal carina slender,
with a deep depression before it, median line very feebly impressed ;
clypeus less prominent than in obscura, its basal incisure shallow ; eyes

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 395

smaller than in obscura. Antennae stouter; segment I a fifth longer than
width of vertex ; II nearly three times as long as I and distinctly more
slender; III and IV together more than half of II, IV a third of III.
Rostrum reaching on to base of hind coxae. Pronotum broader before than
in obscura, the rounded anterior angles attaining outer third of eyes ; trans-
versely depressed behind the prominent polished callosities; sides slightly
concave, hind margin distinctly emarginate ; surface behind the transverse
impressed line closely deeply punctate ; elytra distinctly widened to near
apex of corium, parallel in obscura. Sinistral clasper much as in obscura,
stouter, dorsal member longer and more curved, ventral member meeting
the dextral clasper in an almost straight line, not at an angle as in the
related species.

Color black; cheeks, except at base, a very obscure median line on
vertex, a broader one on posterior lobe of pronotum, collum and cuneus,
except at apex, pale yellowish ; vestiture pale, rather conspicuous on
scutellum and elytra; membrane deep smoky and a pale annulus at apex
of areole ; legs and beneath pale yellow with a broad black vitta either
side, covering most of the genital segment; apex of femora and tips of
tibi.e fuscous, the tarsi mostly black; antennae black; rostrum mostly pale.
Described from the unique type.

It is impossible to identify this with Lygidea morio Rent., a
species still unknown to me in nature.

Type: Male, No. 1754, Mtis. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Prof. E. O. Essig, May 19, 1922, at Los Altos, Santa Clara Co.,
California.

6. Camptobrochis slevini Van Duzee, new species

Size and aspect of rnUvcntris Knight but belonging to his
group II having the scutellum punctate and the arolia without
a deep cleft. Apparently allied to atriventris Knight but dif-
fering in many respects; deep black, cuneus red, head and
scutellum opaque, rugose-punctate. Length 5 mm.

Male: Head one-half as wide as base of pronotum; closely rastrate-
punctate and opaque, with sparse white hairs. Segment I of antennae
much exceeding the head, II stout, two and a half times as long as I;
III and IV wanting in type. Pronotum with coarse shallow punctures ;
hind margin broadly emarginate, the humeri scarcely retreating; sides
ecarinate. Scutellum flattish, opaque, closely rugose-punctate including
the basal lobe. Elytra closely, finely punctate, the embolium confined to
basal third and scarcely reflexed ; cuneus closely rugose-subpunctate.

396 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Rostrum attaining apex of hind coxse; mesosternum and pleura? in part
opaque. Sinistral notch of male genital segment rounded, the sinistral
clasper broad, flattened and rugose, its apex becoming terete and curved
under around apex of segment.

Color black, moderately polished ; the head, collum and scutellum
opaque or scarcely shining; base of vertex, tip of scutellum, middle of
tibiae and most of tarsi testaceous; thickened inner margin of corium
beyond tip of clavus and the cuneus red, the latter with basal and apical
angles blackish; margin of acetabulae and osteolar region vvhitish. De-
scribed from the unique type.

In size, form and coloring this species recalls Pocciloscytus
venaticns. It is somewhat aberrant in this genus but does not
better fit into any other.

Type: Male, No. 1755, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
Mr. L. S. Slevin, September 18, 1920, at Carmel, California.
It affords me pleasure to dedicate this species to its discoverer.

7. Strongylocoris unifcrmis Van Duzee, new species

Allied to rohiistns Uhler, but with the legs and antennas
entirely black and wnth different male genitalia. Length 4 mm.

Vertex convex and highly polished ; clypeus a little shorter than in
rohustus; antennae a little shorter and more robust. Dextral male clasper
forming a semicircle vertically but without lateral curvature, within
widened in a bluntly rounded lobe at basal third, and at distal third
armed with a very acute tooth, the long slender apical member acute,
becoming castaneous at tip. Sinistral clasper small, slender, its acute apex
sharply incurved over the sedeagus.

Color deep polished black, apical half of the antennae becoming fuscous,
membrane deep fuliginous toward its apex with a paler mark at apex of
cuneus. Antennae and sides of pronotum and elytra with a few brown
hairs.

Described from two males and eleven females taken on sage
brush at Heber, Utah, July 5, 1922. The almost uniform
black color and long, acutely produced dextral male clasper
will distinguish this species.

Type: Male, No. 1756, and allotype, female, No. 1757, taken
by E. P. Van Duzee, July 5, 1922, at Heber, Utah.

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 397

8. Largidea pudica Van Duzee, new species

A little larger than fnarginata; polished luteous-brown,
slightly tinged with red, the cuneus red ; vertex, mark on pro-
notum and the antennae blackish. Length 4.5 mm.

Male : Head larger with the eyes more prominent than in marginata.
Antennae about as in marginata; segment I a little longer than the vertex
when viewed from above ; II as long as head and pronotum together ;
III and IV slender, together nearly one-half of II. Pronotum a half
wider than long, more convex above than in marginata, the sides less
strongly carinate and nearly rectilinear ; hind edge more broadly exca-
vated ; surface less closely punctured. Scutellum broader and more convex
with the sides steep, the depressed tip acute ; punctures subobsolete. Elytral
punctures larger, more distant and becoming subobsolete. Rostrum
scarcely surpassing middle of mesosternum. Surface sparsely clothed
with cinerous appressed hairs which become denser on callosities and
vertex.

Color a lurid luteous-brown ; apex of tylus and cheeks, a narrow median
cloud or two crescentic vittae on face, region of callosities and basal lobe
of scutellum black; antennae reddish fuscous, the base of segment I
clearer red ; hind edge of pronotum pallid ; cuneus red ; membrane faintly
smoky, the veins fuscous ; legs and abdomen in part reddish, the tarsi,
rostrum and mesosternum blackish.

Described from two males, one taken by me at Colestin,
Oregon, the other taken by Mr. W. M. Giffard at Tallac, Cali-
fornia, August 22, 1916. The polished surface and luteous-
brown color gives this species quite a different aspect from
marginata.

Type: Male, No. 1758, Mus. Cahf. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P.
Van Duzee, August 1, 1918, at Colestin, Oregon. Paratype in
collection of the author.

9. Orthotylus plucheae Van Duzee, new species

Allied to hamatus, smaller with different male genitalia,
base of tylus with a dark spot ; pale greenish, tinged with yel-
low, membrane faintly smoky, segment I of antennae dusky in
male. Length 4.5-5 mm.

General characters essentially those of hamatus, the pronotum more
convex and more narrowed before, with its sides distinctly concavely
arcuated. Sinistral male clasper terete, reaching but about half way to

398 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

apex of genital segment, exceeded by the brown chitinized spine-like
ventral member. Dextral clasper ligulate, curved over and considerably
passing the middle of the segment, its truncate apex with a minute sharp
ventral tooth, its dorsal edge notched at basal third and armed there with
a short parallel tooth. In hamatiis the sinistral clasper is much larger
and more slender and pointed, and the dorsal notch of the dextral clasper
is larger with a longer tooth. Rostrum attaining hind edge of meso-
sternum.

Color pale yellowish green, minutely white-pubescent; antennae of male
dusky with the inner face of segment I pale ; membrane faintly but obvi-
ously smoky, with pale veins; tip of tarsi and of the rostrum black.

Described from 6 males and 3 females taken on Pluchea
sericea at Potholes, Imperial Co., California, April 13, 1923.
This is very close to hamatits but the smaller size and much
less developed male genitalia would seem to indicate specific
distinction.

Type: Male, No. 1759, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, April 13, 1923, at Potholes, California.

10. Orthotylus demensus Van Duzee, new species

Size and aspect of languidus but with thicker antennae,
shorter pubescence and different male genitalia. Length 5 mm.

Male : Head as long as in languidtis. Antennae thicker ; segment I
scarcely as long as distance between the eyes; II three times as long as I
and nearly as stout; III and IV wanting on material before me. Pronotum
21/2 times as wide as long, sides rectilinear or scarcely concave (in lan-
guidus fully half as long as wide, with sides concave). .Elytra parallel.
Rostrum not attaining intermediate coxae. Sinistral clasper transversely
developed, dorsal member attaining upper plane of segment, broad, sub-
parallel, rounded at apex ; ventral member narrow, acute, produced back-
ward making the apical line of the clasper oblique and nearly rectilinear.
Dextral clasper nearly square, the dorsal basal angle rounded, the dorsal
apical acutely incurved. Vestiture soft and white but shorter than in
languidus.

Color pale yellowish green or almost whitish, the fuscous mesonotum
showing through the pronotum ; basal lobe of scutellum tinged with ful-
vous ; elytra more greenish, the veins clear pea-green, areoles sprinkled
with green dots at base of the hairs ; membrane very slightly enf umed
and iridescent; antennae and legs yellowish, tips of tarsi black.

\ OL. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 2D9

Type: Male, No. 1760, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
C. A. Hill, July 8, 1917, at Prescott, Arizona. Paratypes, two
males, same data.

11. Orthotylus cupressi Van Dtizee, new species

Dusky green with fulvous scutellum; surface clothed with
rather long- black hairs; outer half of membrane deeply infus-
cated, cut by a white spot at apex of areole. Length 5 mm.

Male : Head broad, convex above, somewhat obscuring the basal carina ;
clypeus but moderately prominent. Rostrum attaining apex of hind coxae.
Pronotum short, twice wider than long, regularly arcuate before. Scutel-
lum, large, rather convex. Elytra nearly parallel, the costa but feebly
arcuated. Sinistral clasper developed transversely in an open crescent,
its dorsal member about twice longer than its basal thickness, acute at
apox ; ventral member broadly obliquely truncate at apex, its upper angle
forming a short curved hook, its lower curved and very acute, nearly
attaining the base of the dextral clasper ; the latter, also, subcrescentic,
its ventral member ligulate with its twisted truncated apex at median line
of the segment, its dorsal member forming a short erect acute tooth.

Color a dull, almost an olive, green, paler toward the costa, the tylus
and front of pronotum tinged with yellow ; cuneus paler with a whitish
cloud at base ; membrane infuscated, its outer half, including the areoles,
darker with a pale mark at apex of the areole; tergum black; beneath
paler, the mesosternum tinged with fulvous-brown ; legs and antennae
yellowish green, clothed with short black hairs ; apical two segments of
antennae infuscated, the tarsi becoming black at apex.

Described from one male and three female examples taken
by me on Sargeant's Cypress growing on "Cypress Ridge" at
Fairfax, Marin Co., Calif., April 30, 1922, and May 11, 1919.
This species is very distinct from any heretofore described.
Its dark green color, fulvous scutellum, heavy black vestiture
and infuscated membrane will distinguish it, while the male
claspers are unlike those of any other species known to me.
It has slightly the aspect of an Ilnocora but does not pertain to
that genus.

Type: Male, No. 1761, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, April 30, 1922, at Fairfax, California.

400 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

12. Orthotylus contrastus Van Duzee, new species

Form and aspect somewhat of Teratocoris discolor Uhler.
Large, elongate-ovate; black; legs, median line on pronotum,
and elytra whitish, the latter with a large fuscous mark on
apex of corium. Length 6 mm.

Female : Head short, polished ; clypeus unusually prominent ; antennae
long; segment I as long as head viewed from side; II four times as long
as I ; III not quite one half of II ; IV missing in type. Pronotum cam-
panulate ; sides strongly concave, the constriction farther back than in
affinis; callosities convex, polished ; posterior lobe and scutellum minutely,
transversely rastrate-shagreened. Elytra widened to apex of corium.

Color dull black; head and callosities polished; apex of cheeks and
collum ferruginous; orbits of eyes above, median vitta on posterior lobe
of pronotum and elytra obscure whitish; base of clavus and an irregular
spot on apex of corium black, the latter mark extended anteriorly next
the costal nervure and on discal areole, outer margin of clavus dusky;
cuneus with a blackish mark on inner edge near apex ; membrane smoky ;
paler along middle and at apex of cuneus, the pale nervures margined
with darker; rostrum, except apex, legs and disk of venter pale; extreme
base and apex of tibiae and the tarsi dusky. Described from the unique
type.

This large black and white species is so distinct from any
other described form it seems safe to found the species upon
a unique female.

Type: Female, No. 1762, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 8, 1922, on Mt. Timpanogos, Utah, at
an elevation of nearly 8,000 feet.

13. Parthenicus brunneus Van Duzee, new species

A slender testaceous-brown species, obscurely irrorate with
sanguineous ; membrane deeply infuscated, with paler areoles.
Length 4 mm.

Male : Vertex rather flat ; clypeus small but prominent and much com-
pressed; segment I of antennae a little longer than basal width of vertex;
II tive times the length of I ; III and IV together equal to II. Pronotum
sca'-cely twice wider than long. Elytra narrow, parallel, the costa
scarcely arcuated. Legs long for the genus, the hind femora proportion-
ately narrower ; hind tibia; nearly as long as the corium. Male claspers
small and obscure.

^'0L. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 4QI

Color light testaceous-brown, sparsely irrorate with irregular sangui-
neous blotches, these becoming fuscous dots on the pronotum ; head and
anterior area of pronotum yellowish, obscurely irrorate with red ; region
of callosities more or less infuscated; membrane quite deeply infuscated,
veins dotted with red, the areoles and adjacent spots at apex of cuncus
paler ; vestiture consisting of black scale-like hairs and longer pale hairs
along costa, on sides of pronotum and on vertex ; antennae paler toward
base ; segment I with a brown dot near base beneath ; pectoral pieces and
coxse without irrorations ; venter irrorate with red ; femora irrorate with
brown, the posterior more closely so ; tibiae with large brown dots ; tarsal
claws black.

Described from two male and three female examples taken
on Baccharis. The large eyes, elongate narrower form and
long hind legs would ally this species with Argyrocoris but it
is certainly a Parthenicus. The larger size, darker color, black
scale-like vestiture, dotted hind femora and red dotting on
elytra and veins of membrane will distinguish this species from
haccharidis Knight.

Type: Male, No. 1763, and allotype, female, No. 1764, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, September
9, 1917, at Berkeley, California. Paratypes, same data.

14. Parthenicus sabulosus Van Duzee, new species

Related to soror but allied to candidus by the spotted mem-
brane ; soiled white irrorate with croceous or brown ; mem-
brane coarsely, conspicuously dotted. Length 3.5 mm.

Male : Head broader than in soror with smaller eyes ; pronotum broader
anteriorly ; elytral costa feebly arcuated. Rostrum reaching well on to the
base of the venter. Claspers larger than in soror, the dextral forming
more than a half circle, its apex elbowed at the median line of the genital
segment with its incurved tip slender and very acute.

Color whitish tinged with yellow on the head ; pronotum and elytra
sparsely and sometimes obscurely dotted with croceous or pale san-
guineous, these dots becoming brownish at times ; region of callosities
and base of scutellum more or less infuscated ; membrane white, coarsely
and sparsely dotted with fuscous, with two marginal clouds beyond apex
of cuneus; beneath sparsely dotted with sanguineous with a lateral fus-
cous vitta on venter ; antennae slightly darker at apex ; segment I with a
faint subapical annulus ; femora minutely dotted with fuscous beyond
the middle, the posterior more heavily so, forming a fuscous cloud there

402 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

which omits the tip ; vestiture silvery, becoming golden along claval
suture, on cuneus and about callosities; a tuft of black scales at apex of
clavus and two more on apical margin of cuneus.

Described from two males and 11 females taken on Arte-
mesia. This species, with aridits Knight and canescens Van
D., have coarsely dotted white membranes.

Type: Male, No. 1765, and allotype, female, No. 1766, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 1, 1922,
at Salt Lake City, Utah. Paratypes, same data.

15. Parthenicus pallidicollis Van Duzee, new species

Closely allied to picicollis Van D. but paler in color with the
pronotum mostly whitish ; largely sanguineous with the hind
femora and scutellum darker and the pronotum pale. Length
4.5 mm.

Male : Vertex broader and fuller with the eyes smaller than in pici-
collis; segment II of antennae slightly longer than basal width of prono-
tum, the latter obviously longer with the sides less oblique than in pici-
collis. Elytral costa distinctly arcuated, in picicollis essentially straight.
Claspers about as in picicollis, the subapical ventral tooth of the dextral
less prominent.

Color above soiled creamy white, the elytra more or less washed or
blotched and irrorate with sanguineous, more conspicuously so on base
of cerium and on the cuneus, inner angle of corium with a pale fuscous
cloud more or less distinct ; clypeus, cheeks and arcs of front more or
less sanguineous ; antennae pale, segment I tinged with red ; pronotum
pale or lurid, more or less irrorate with red about the borders, becoming
piceous-red on sides inf eriorly and sometimes across the callosities ; scu-
tellum dark piceous-red; membrane deeply infuscated as in picicollis
but with a distinct pale lunule at apex of cuneus which is only indicated
in its ally, veins red, usually with a white mark at apex of larger areole;
beneath and hind femora piceous-red, more or less irrorate with pale ;
tibiae pale with rather large red dots ; antennae pale, segment I red, pale
at apex. III and IV slightly infuscated; coxae and rostrum infuscated;
vestiture of short golden scales and longer pale hairs on head, sides of
pronotum and base of costa. Described from 30 examples representing
both sexes.

This species may be distinguished from rubromaculosus
Knight (1925) by the larger size, deep red scutellum sides of

Vol. XIV] VAN DU ZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA 403

pronotum and hind femora, and the pale fuscous color on inner
field of corium.

Type: Male, No. 1767, and allotype, female, No. 1768, Mas.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 23, 1918,
at McCloud, Siskiyou Co., California. Paratypes, same data.

16. Parthenicus discalis Van Duzee, new species

Near covillccu Van D., and running to that species in my
key of 1918; antennas longer, lower surface and femora
sanguineous. Length 3.75 mm.

Head about as in picicollis, distinctly more produced than in covillece,
its length beyond the eye about equal to the length of the eye ; antennae
distinctly longer than in covillee, as long as the elytra to tip of cuneus;
segment II five times the length of I.

Color pale croceous ; apex of head, segment I of antennae, its extreme
tip excepted, deflexed sides of pronotum, scutellum and femora except
ai base, dark sanguineous ; base of elytra, a cloud on inner angle of corium
touching apex of clavus and extended down the commissure to base of
membrane, cuneus and beneath, lighter sanguineous or slightly irrorate
with pale; sternum, coxae and rostrum pale; tibise and tarsi pale, the
former with a few sanguineous dots; claws black; membrace deep fus-
cous with an obvious pale lunule at apex of cuneus, the veins san-
guineous ; antennae, except segment I, whitish scarcely dotted with red ; IV

somewhat infuscated ; pale surface above showing no red irrorations.

«

Described from three females. These specimens are with-
out a hairy vestiture.

Type: Female, No. 1769, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, October 18, 1917, on Mt. Wilson, California.
Paratypes, same data.

17. Parthenicus grex Van Duzee, new species

Allied to psall aides and junipcri, larger, testaceous-yellow,
the elytral pigment coagulated in spots and varied with small
sanguineous blotches; membrane slightly enfumed, with a
darker spot beyond the cuneus. Length 4.5 mm.

Macropterous male : Head broadly convex across vertex, the impres-
sion at base of clypeus not as deep as in the allied species; clypeus com-

404 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

pressed and subacute at tip. Antennae long; segment I surpassing clypeus
by a third its length, linear; II three times I; III and IV together equal
to II. Rostrum reaching to middle of venter. Pronotum but slightly
convex, trapezoidal, sides straight, anterior margin one half the posterior.
Elytral costa gently arcuated; surface clothed with short golden pubes-
cence intermixed with a feW black hairs across apex of corium, on inner
margin of cuneus and at apex of clavus; costa and pronotal margins
with longer golden hairs ; vertex and pronotum anteriorly with a few
silvery scale-like hairs. Claspers large ; sinistral subterete, curved about
the margin of the segment, abruptly slender, acuminate and incurved
beyond the middle ; dextral slender, curved, abruptly oblique and acumi-
nate at tip; both fringed above with long pale straight hairs.

Color testaceous-yellow, more or less tinged with croceous, especially
on head and hind femora, the color on the elytra apparently coagulated ;
the elytra dotted with irregular sanguineous blotches and points which
may be mostly absent, but are more persistent along costa ; membrane
faintly enfumed with a darker cloud beyond tip of cuneus and a fainter
one at apex ; veins yellowish with a few sanguineous points ; antennae
pale, subinfuscated at apex; beneath paler; tip of rostrum and tarsal
claws black; hind tibiae with obscure sanguineous points, eyes red.

Described from three males and four females. Three of the
latter are brachypterous, being broad-oval, with membrane
scarcely exceeding apex of cuneus.

Type: Male, No. 1770, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, August 21, 1919, at Stockton, California.
Paratypes, same data.

18. Cixius vandykei Van Duzee, new species

Allied to hasalis, distinguished by its broader and more
setose elytra, narrower vertex and different male genitalia.
Length 5-6 mm.

Head more produced than in basalts; vertex nearly as long on its
median line as wide at base, (in basalis scarcely one half as long as wide),
at apex subacutely angled ; apical compartments narrower, their outer
angles more produced posteriorly; base of vertex more deeply elliptically
excavated. Pronotum narrower and more produced before, its hind mar-
gin more deeply, acutely excavated ; lateral carinae of mesonotum more
distant and outwardly arcuate than in basalis. Elytra shorter and broader,
with the costa strongly and almost regularly arcuate; inner sector (radial
vein) forked a little farther from base than in basalis, all veins heavily
dotted, with longer black setae. Front more narrowed at base, with the sides

Vol. XIV] VAN DU ZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA 405

straight nearly to apical angles. Expanded apex of male plates longer
and more rounded ; anal teeth of pygofer short, more divergent, not long
and parallel as in ba^alis.

Color paler, testaceous-yellow, clouded with piceous-brown or fulvous-
brown on head and thorax ; front and clypeus quite uniformly brownish,
the carinae paler, the lateral with small pale spots at apex of front ;
elytra hyaline, feebly milky white, veins strongly dotted with fuscous and
more or less marked with the same color in the female, mostly in the
form of a large discal spot, sometimes forming a longitudinal cloud on
clavus which may cover more or less of the cerium ; beneath and legs
pale, the femora with a faint brown subapical cloud.

Described from two males and four females taken as fol-
lows: Lag^mitas Caiion, April 23, 1916 (E. C. Van Dyke) ;
Lagunitas, July 4, 1909 (Van, Dyke) ; Muir Woods, July 19,
1914, and Ross, July 7. 1921 (E. P. Van Duzee) ; Mt. Tamal-
pais, June 23, 1918 (E. P. Van Duzee), all in Marin Co.,
Calif.; Berkeley, Calif., July 30, 1922 (J. O. Martin).

Type: Male, No. 1771, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 7, 1921, at Ross, California; allotype,
female, No. 1772, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. C.
Van Dyke, July 4, 1909, at Lagunitas, Calif.

19. Cixius praecox Van Duzee, new species

Very near cultus Ball but with the elytral nervures infus-
cated, the radial and outer branch of ulnar veins forked on the
same line (in cultus the radial forks a little basad of the outer
ulnar) ; lateral pronotal carinse bent abruptly where they touch
the hind margin (in cultus forming a more rounded angle) ;
male plates more arched, uniting in an almost circular arc (in
cultus angularly connivent) ; apical member a little broader
and more oblique ; sides of ventral sinus of pygofers more ob-
lique, with the basal tooth larger than in cultus; front propor-
tionately longer than in cultus. Length 5 mm.

Color essentially as in cultus; elytra more whitish opaque,
the cross nervures and apices of all veins marked with fuscous ;
costa and commissure typically alternated with obscure fus-
cous ; stigma fuscous, white at base. Veins undotted.

Type: Male, No. 1773, and allotype, female, No. 1774, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by G. F. Moznette, March 14, 1915,

406

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

at Corvallis, Oregon. Paratypes, one female, same data ; one
female, Shasta Co., Calif., July 17, 1921 (J. A. Kusche), and
one male and two females taken by Mr. W. Downes at Ver-
non, B. C, Sept. 27, 1919, and Enderby, B. C, Oct. 10, 1920.

20. QEcleus subrefiiexus Van Duzee, new species

Apparently allied to addendus Dist., aspect of fidvidorsum
but with the elytral nervures nearly impunctate and the costa
slightly expanded at base. Length 5 mm.

Vertex about as in fulvidorsiim but more narrowed to the base, but
little exceeding the eyes; front broad below, regularly narrowing to the
base, more abruptly to the apex where it is about twice wider than at
base; carina prominent, the median nearly obsolete at base. Pronotum
short, angularly excavated behind ; mesonotum with five distinct carinse.
Elytra wider than in the allied species with a broader costal areole, the
margin at base narrowly explanate exterior to the costal vein. Genital
segment of male shallowly notched with a slender, almost linear, median
tooth, which slightly exceeds the sides of the segment; stiles much as in
fulvidorsiim but quite strongly connivent at apex.

Color creamy white; claspers fuscous or nearly so; middle line of vertex
blackish; mesonotum fulvous varied with brown; elytra obscurely fusco-
hyaline; nervures white with scattering black setae, in the male those
toward the apex springing from brown points ; abdomen more or less
overspread with black.

Described from seven male and four female examples taken
on Plnchea sericea at Potholes, Imperial County, California,
April 7-13, 1923. Allied to fiilvidorsum by the characters of
the vertex, front, mesonotum and male genitalia; separable
by the almost undotted elytral nervures and the narrowly ex-
panded costa. CEclcus siiowi Ball is a much larger and
broader species of a more fulvous color and broader costal ex-
pansion. Of this latter species I took one pair in copula at
Potholes, Calif., resting on a poplar bush. A few sj^ecimens
of snhreflexiis taken April 8 were found on Atriplex.

Type: Male, No. 1775, and allotype, female, No. 1776, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 13, 1923,
at Potholes, Calif.

Vol. XIV] VAM DU ZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA 4Q7

21. Pissonotus giffardi Van Duzee, new species

Very close to dclicatus but distinguishable by the distinctly
longer legs and different male genitalia. Length, brachypter-
ous fonn, male, 2.5 mm., female, 3.5 mm.

Male: Vertex scarcely longer than broad, feebly arcuate before; lat-
eral carinae sharp, well elevated; median obscure; apical fovse obvious.
Front twice longer than broad, sides very feebly arcuate, almost parallel ;
carinse prominent, the median obscurely forked a little above the lower
angle of the eyes. Carinae of clypeus prominent, the median obsolete
near base. Antennae long, surpassing tip of clypeus, clothed with mmute
black hairs; basal segment as long as width of front; second about one
third longer. Pronotum nearly as long as vertex, truncate behind ; carinae
prominent, the lateral attaining hind margin, the fovae deep, about a third
wider at base than at apex. In delicatus the lateral carinae are more
oblique and do not quite reach the hind margin of pronotum. Mesonotum
a little longer than pronotum ; median carina prominent, lateral distinct
but slender. Elytra on commissure as long as pro- and mesonotum
together, attaining apex of second tergal segment ; subcoriaceous, polished ;
venation obscure. Legs very long, the hind tibiae as long as vertex, pro-
and mesonotum and elytra combined, or even a little longer to tip of the
shorter apical spines ; first segment of hind tarsi as long as width of head
across the eyes.

Aperture of male pygofers broad ovate, the sides forming an obtuse
lobe either side ventrally ; the anal hooks long, following the margin of
the pygofers, their black apex slender, curved outward and lying on the
thickened base of the ventral opening; the ventral spines slender, black,
lying near to and parallel with the apex of the anal hook; stiles short and
broad, their length equal to their combined width, their broad rounded
apices incurved and subcontiguous. Marginatus has the anal hooks equally
long but their apices are thicker, pale and parallel, the ventral spines are
represented by pale tubercles and the stiles are broad, flat, moderately
divergent and truncate at apex.

Color honey-yellow, paler on pronotum, across the apex of the front
and on the breast and legs ; elytra strongly tinged with castaneous ; their
apex white, usually marked at middle with a blackish spot in the males ;
abdomen pale rufo-piceous in the male, the genital area whitish with a
piceous cloud covering the stiles ; legs lineate with brown, the base with
a spot exteriorly and the apex of the tarsi blackish; the usual black band
covers the base of the fore coxae and clypeus and extends on to the pleural
pieces.

Described from 10 male and 20 female examples taken on
tar weed near Grossmont, 17 miles east of San Diego, Cali-
fornia, June 2, 1919, by Mr. W. M. Giffard. It gives me

September 24, 1925

408 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

pleasure to dedicate this species to Mr. Giffard who has done
more than anyone else to ekicidate the delphacid fauna of
Cahfornia.

Type: Male, No. 1777, and allotype, female, No. 1778, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by W. M. Giffard, June 2, 1919, at
Grossmont, California.

22. Cyrtolobus pictus Van Duzee, new species

Near inermis Emmons, agreeing with that species in the
form of the dorsal crest, in the unicolorous pale green female
and the strongly maculated male ; differing in the shorter pro-
notum and in the markings of the male. Length 4-5 mm.

Allied to van but smaller, dorsal crest lower with the anterior sinus
scaicely indicated in the male; in the female with the crest more uni-
formly arcuate with an anterior sinus ; apex of pronotum even shorter
than in vati, not attaining tip of fourth apical vein; face not as flat as in
van; smooth, polished, uneven, obscurely punctured toward apex of
cheeks, incisures of clypeus deep, its apex rounded. Elytra hyaline, in
male with veins heavy and fuscous, the apex with a small smoky cloud,
about half of which lies on the apex of the areoles. Female without such
cloud, the veins pale, concolorous ; surface sparsely clothed with short
erect hairs.

Color a uniform pale green in female ; male a clear greenish yellow on
face pronotum, legs and margins of pleural pieces; face with a median
vitta, a cloud either side and the clypeal sutures black ; pronotum with a
mark above each eye, the apex and a broad triangular vitta behind the
middle, black, including a dorsal yellow mark; anterior to this vitta is a
broad vague oblique maculate area either side meeting above the humeri.
These markings on the male leave the anterior portion of the pronotum,
a ravher wide, oblique, median vitta, a dorsal spot more or less completely
connecting with this vitta, and a wide transverse subapical band, yellow.
In van this dark color is more extended with the included pale dorsal
spot larger. Edges of abdominal segments and genital pieces mostly yellow.
Femora black in the male, with their apices broadly yellow, the tibiae
minutely dotted.

Descriljed from 8 male and 12 female examples beaten from
oaks growing along the canon of the south fork of the Provo
River at Vivian Park, Utah. This species is really nearest to
inennis Say and like that species might almost as properly be
placed in subgenus y\tymna. The male may be distinguished

Vol. XIV] VAM DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 409

by the different and more extended yellow markings of the
pronotum. In acutus, which was taken in company with this
species, the female shows more maculation on the pronotum
and the pale markings of the male are narrower and do not
include the front of the pronotum. It is also larger and has
the pronotum more pointed at apex. The females of pictiis
differs but little from those of inermis and the female specimen
from Ogden, Utah, recorded by me in my Studies on the Mem-
bracidce (Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 90, 1908) belongs
here.

Type: Male, No. 1779, and allotype, female, No. 1780. Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 7, 1922,
at Vivian Park, Provo Cafion, Utah.

23. Mesamia pagana Van Duzee, new species

Near nervosa Osb. but with the submarginal black line on
vertex with three interruptions and the costal area without
supernumerary transverse veins. Length 4.25 mm.

Male: Head almost as wide as prontum; vertex flat, anterior margin in
a rounded arc, one-fourth longer at middle than at eye, edge acute and
slightly reflexed. Pronotum nearly twice as long as vertex. Elytra not
flaring at apex ; about six transverse veinlets between inner sector and
claval suture; costal area without supernumerary veins; clypeus strongly
widened at apex. Valve short, broadly arcuated; plates long-triangular,
acute and slender at apex, edge long-ciliate.

Color obscure greenish yellow varied with darker; vertex whitish on
anterior and posterior margins ; anterior submargin with a heavy black
line interrupted at middle and on either side; behind this is a dusky line
which touches the other at either end. Face dusky yellow; front pale
brown with paler arcs and a heavier black basal line ; cheeks with a longi-
tudinal dusky line below the eyes; pronotum dusky greenish, yellowish
anteriorly; scutellum yellow either side, the impressed line black; elytra
greenish yellow, veins conspicuous, fuscous ; apex of claval areoles and
narrow margin of membrane dusky, the claval suture with three large,
vague, pale spots ; legs pale, posterior with tibial dots and apex of tibiae
and tarsi black; abdomen black, marked with yellow, these markings form-
ing a slender line on the hind ihargin of each segment ; a large testaceous
spot either side on venter, the connexivum mostly yellow ; plates pale
with a spot at base and sutural lines near apex fuscous.

410 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Described from the unique type. Apparently allied to ner-
vosa Osb. (Fla. Ent. VI, p. 20, 1922) but the want of costal
transverse veins and the coloration will most quickly distin-
guish it.

Type: Male, No. 1781, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 24, 1922, at Kings Station, Davis Co.,
Utah.

24. Mesamia diana Van Duzee, new species

Larger than coloradeiisis with a flatter and more angled
vertex; elytra strongly veined. Length 4.5 mm.

Head scarcely narrower than pronotum ; vertex flat, anterior edge
sharp, somewhat reflexed, strongly angled ; front a little broader than in
coloradcnsis, sides more arcuated below; clypeus slightly widened to tip.
Pronotum a fourth longer than vertex; elytra moderately flaring; inner
sector connected with claval suture by numerous transverse veinlets ;
costal areole with six to eight oblique veinlets, heavily marked with
fuscous.

Male valve short, subacute, angulate ; plates long-triangular, their acute
tips surpassing the pygofers ; last ventral segment of female angularly
excavated nearly to the middle, with a square, feebly bifid, median tooth ;
pygofers broad spindle-shaped, nearly equalling the oviduct.

Color cinereous tinged with yellow on vertex, anterior margin of prono-
tum and scutellum, more marked in male; subapical line on vertex inter-
rupted at middle where there is a triangular extension backwards either
side of the median pale line; behind this a transverse dusky cloud con-
necting the ocelli and obscuring the disk of the vertex; median incised
line black at base. Face pale, more or less clouded with brown, espe-
cially on base of front where a few pale arcs are discernible, extreme
base with a concentric black line. Pronotum irrorate with brown and
pale; scutellum dusky at basal angles, the incised line dark. Elytra milky-
cinereous, the veins strong, fuscous, disk of areolesi mostly with fuscous
cloud. Legs and beneath whitish, the pleurae marked with black ; tibial
dots and apex of tibiae and tarsal joints black; venter pale yellow, hind
margin of segments blackish.

Described from one female and three males taken by me in
San Diego County, California, as follows: Mussey's, August
7, 1913 and April 12, 1914; Lakeside, May 7, 1913; Alpine,
June 8, 1913. This species has the broad fomi of Aligia in-

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA ^l\

scripta but the flatter vertex with hooked siibmarginal Hne,
and the strongly veined unclouded elytra will distinguish it.

Type: Female, No. 1782, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, August 7, 1913, at Mussey's, San Diego Co.,
California. Allotype and paratypes in collection of the author.

25. Aligia californica Van Duzee, new species

Related to inscripta with a similarly angulated vertex;
longer and more slender, quite uniformly inscribed with fus-
cous. Length 5 mm.

Female : Head distinctly wider than pronotum ; vertex flat, quite
strongly angled before, typically two-thirds as long as pronotum but vary-
ing to one half its length; front scarcely longer than wide, sides nearly
rectilinear below antennae; clypeus slightly widened at apex. Hind margin
of pronotum subangularly emarginate. Elytra four times as long as wide,
with numerous transverse false veins, especially in costal, subapical and
sutural areoles of corium. Last ventral segment produced on its median
fourth with a linear central notch.

Color pale testaceous, tinged with fulvous on vertex and scutellum ;
vertex with a pair of small spots behind apex, another pair either side
near base ; sometimes a point within the ocelli and a broken transverse
band just behind the ocelli brown, the broad incised line black; front
with obscure arcs, outer angles of lorae with black points ; pronotum mot-
tled with brown, anteriorly pale with three large spots either side ;
scutellum with two discal dots, a small lateral spot either side and a
transverse band before the apex brown, the curved incised line black;
elytra whitish, venation brown, becoming fuscous on costa and apex;
commissural vein and tips of claval veins white, with a fuscous spot ante-
rior to each white vein and one at apex indicated ; disk of a few of the
areoles with vermiculate inscriptions ; beneath pale, slightly varied with
brown ; anterior and intermediate femora bilineate ; tibiae with strong
black dots ; pale spines of pygofers set in black points, sides of oviduct
black.

Male : Proportionately shorter than the female ; valve short, broadly
angled ; plates acutely triangular, but little shorter than wide at base,
sides straight.

Described from 8 females, 7 of which were beaten from cha-
parral and juniper bushes at Mill Creek Canon, San Bernar-
dino Mountains. The other I took at Pine Hills, Cuyamaca
Mountains, California, October 19, 1913. Three individuals

412 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

have the vertex distinctly shorter but I fail tO' detect any spe-
cific differences. Also two males: Colestin, Jackson Co., Ore-
gon, August 1, 1918, and Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Cali-
fornia, June 23, 1918.

Of Aligia inscripta, in addition to the type, I have seen ex-
amples from San Diego Co., Pasadena, Mt. Wilson, Stanford
University, Mt. Tamalpais, Alameda, Cazadero, Bryson, and
Cayton, California. These have the last ventral segment of
the female about as in calif ornica but differ in their stouter
form and banded elytra.

Type: Female, No. 1783, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, September 22, 1923, in Mill Creek Canon,
San Bernardino Mts., Calif.; allotype, male. No. 1784, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, August 1,
1918, at Colestin, Oregon.

26. Aligia colei Van Duzee, new species

Related to calif oniica but more strongly colored with more
produced vertex and truncate female segment. Length 5 mm.

Head wider but scarcely shorter than pronotum, flat, produced in a
right angle and subacute at tip, the margin rounded ; elytral venation
conspicuous. Last ventral segment of female nearly truncate, the apex
slightly produced and notched. Valve of male scarcely angled; plates
somewhat longer than broad at base, becoming narrow at apex ; sides
ooncavely arcuated, apices diverging, brown with pale basal area, the
tips and bristles white. In this species the sides of the front are a little
more arcuated and the clypeus is wider than in californica.

Color testaceous tinged with fulvous on vertex, scutellum and anterior
margin of pronotum; markings of vertex as in californica with the three
pairs of points larger, one pair at apex and one next each eye; pronotum
with a whitish longitudinal median line ; markings of scutellum as in
californica but darker; elytra whitish hyaline with heavy fuscous vena-
tion ; a transverse dusky band at middle and another before apex some-
times indicated ; commissure with three white areas followed by fuscous
marks against the tips of the nervures ; apex of membrane more or less
clouded with dark; beneath pale varied with fuscous; anterior femora
biannulate with fuscous before, the intermediate with a subapical annulus;
face with distinct arcs, its median line and disk of cheeks and lorae pale.

Vol. XIV] VAN DU ZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA 41 3

Described from one male and four females taken in Mill
Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mts., 3800 ft. elevation. The
sharper vertex, more truncate female segment and banded
femora will distinguish this species from inscripta and cali-
fornica. The markings are stronger than in californica and
usually the transverse bands are indicated. I take pleasure in
naming this species for our dipterist, Dr. F. R. Cole, formerly
of Redlands, California, whose guest I was, and near whose
summer cottage I took the species.

Type: Male, No. 1785, and allotype, female, No. 1786, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, September 22,
1923, in Mill Creek Cafion, California.

27. Aligia modesta occidentalis Van Duzee, new subspecies

Differs from the eastern form of the species in being more
slender in all parts, in being more strongly colored, in having
the vertex very feebly angled and the last ventral segment of
the female slightly produced and notched at the middle.
Eleven specimens, all females, are in the Academy collection.
They were taken in California as follows : Mt. Diablo, July
14, 1916; Niles Canon, July 15, 1916; Cloverdale, August 3,
1916; Cayton, July 17, 1918; and Sonoma Valley, August
1916 (W. M. Giffard) all taken on oaks. Also taken by Mr.
Giffard in Placer Co., Calif., August 19, 1916. What I be-
lieve to be the male of this form I took at Laurel Dell, Lake
Co., Calif., August 3, 1916, and Mr. Gift'ard took a second ex-
ample in Placer Co., August 19, 1916.

Type: Female, No. 1787, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 14, 1916, on Mt. Diablo, California.

28. Platymetopius diabolus Van Duzee, new species

Near nasutus, vertex shorter, pronotum broader, elytra
longer, vertex strongly banded ; face yellow ; legs and beneath
mostly black; male valve pointed. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Vertex one half longer than wide, right angled; pronotum considerably
wider than head, four-fifths as long as vertex. Female segment rather

414 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

short, roundedly truncate, slightly produced either side of a small median
notch; py gofer stout, two and a half times as long as ultimate segment.
Valve of male broad-triangular, as long as wide, apex subacutely angled ;
plates as broad as valve, blunt at apex, surpassing valve by less than its
length ; pygofers considerably exceeding plates.

Color cinereous ; vertex black dotted with brown posteriorly, crossed by
a broad, slightly angled yellow band which sometimes is broken into four
spots ; apex irregularly yellow ; pronotum sprinkled with black transverse
dashes, especially anteriorly, the sides almost clear; anterior margin
smooth, yellow ; scutellum varied with black and yellow ; elytra quite
regularly varied with fuscous and whitish obscuring the ordinary round
white spots ; veins fuscous, mostly slenderly edged with pale ; a band
across the anteapical areolcs and the apex more heavily marked, with a
whiter band including the apical transverse veins and forming a large
round spot beyond apex of clavus ; face pale yellow to fulvous ; base of
front pale and irrorate, with the angled vitta traceable but little either
side the middle; extreme tip of clypeus black; legs and pectus black;
tibiae pale, dotted ; abdomen varied with brown and black, the genitalia
pale, especially the male valve.

Described from one male and four females taken on Mt.
Diablo, California, July 14, 1916. Among the species with
produced and banded vertex this may be distinguished by the
pointed male valve, yellow face and black tip of the clypeus.

Type: Male, No. 1788, and allotype, female, No. 1789, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 14, 1916,
on Mt. Diablo, California, Paratypes, same data.

29. Platymetopius planus Van Duzee, new species

Size and aspect of orcgonensis; vertex broader and flatter,
with the pronotum nearly immaculate ; genitalic characters
very distinct. Length 5 mm.

Vertex flat, horizontal, scarcely impressed before apex ; its length equal
to width between the eyes; sides subacute, rectilinear; apex subacute;
pronotal angles not prominent. Front unusually wide for the genus,
width between antennae one half the length ; clypeus moderately con-
stricted at middle. Elytral venation indistinct on disk, transverse costal
veinlets scarcely oblique. Genital pieces small ; valve obtuse-triangular,
about as long as apical width of clypeus ; plates obtuse, not wider than
valve, about as long as clypeus, distinctly exceeding the broad truncate py-
gofers. Female segment short, truncate, about one half as long as wide,

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 41 5

with a conspicuous notch and rather deep sinuation either side the center,
the sides oblique ; pygofers short, hardly one-half longer than wide.

Color light fulvous as in oregonensis; vertex paler with edge and
median line pale ; elytra apparently opaque over the tergum ; a round
white spot in each of the areoles and between the costal veinlets, the
basal and claval areoles with a few obscure spots ; beneath pale.

Described from four males and three females taken by me
as follows: McCloud, Siskiyou Co., July 23, 1918; Sisson,
July 25, 26, 1918: Cayton, 'july 15, 1918; Mt. Tamalpais,
June 23, 1918, all in California. The broad flat horizontal
vertex, transverse costal veinlets and peculiar genital charac-
ters will distinguish this very distinct species.

Type: Male, No. 1790, and allotype, female, No. 1791, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 15, 1918,
at Cayton, Shasta Co., California.

30. Platymetopius pexatus Van Duzee, new species

Related to trilincatus but darker with apex of vertex five-
lineate with white; the colors darker, apical white spot on
elytra elongated, and different male genitalia. Length 5 mm.

Head greatly produced, two and a half times as long as wide between
the eyes ; sides straight or slightly concave in female, the narrow tip
rounded : face concave in profile ; front transversely strongly convex be-
tween the eyes, four times as long as wide between the antennae ; clypeus
strongly widened at apex. Last ventral segment of female short, sub-
angulate at apex where there is a small but distinct notch ; pygofers short,
hardly twice longer than ultimate segment, bristles short and stout. Male
valve large, rounded-triangular, sides rectilinear or nearly so ; plates
small, much narrower than valve or pygofers, exceeding the valve by
one-half its length and reaching basad but little more than half the
length of the valve, sides sinuate, apices narrow, rounded ; pygofers stout,
blunt, exceeding the plates by little more than half the length of the
valve.

Color fulvous varied with fuscous and pale ; vertex whitish, closely
longitudinally vermiculate with fuscous, forming four fuscous lines be-
fore the middle thus leaving five pale vittse, three as in trilineatus and
one marginal either side; pronotum with seven, scutellum with four
obscure pale vittse; elytra deep fulvous-brown, especially on the disk,
opaque ; veins distinct ; round white spots obscure basally, three on the
commissural margin larger, those of the outer apical and subapical areoles

415 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

elongated, oblique ; costa with about five oblique white spots alternating
with the black veins ; wings inf uscated ; face lightly inf uscated, obscurely
irrorate; basal line conspicuous; apex with a white dot; beneath fulvous-"
brown varied with fuscous ; tibiae paler, with black dots.

Described from three females and a male taken by Mr.
W. M. Giffard in Placer Co., Calif., August 20, 1916, at 3000
ft. ; a female taken by me at Descanso, San Diego Co., October
18, 1913, and a female from Mill Creek Caiion, San Bernar-
dino Mts., Calif., taken September 22, 1923. With the latter
I took three females I believe to be trilineatus Ball beaten from
yerba santa. They differ from Ball's description only in being
more fulvous and in having the lateral lines of the vertex more
distinct.

Type: Female, No. 1792, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by
E. P. Van Duzee, September 22, 1923, in Mill Creek Canon,
San Bernardino Mts., California.

31. Deltocephalus discessus Van Duzee, new species

Closely allied to siguatifrons; proportionately broader and
shorter; vertex longer and flatter; valve of male shorter and
broadly rounded ; plates narrower ; pygofers longer, surpass-
ing the plates by about the median length of the plates. Ulti-
mate ventral segment of female shorter, truncate, its outer
angles a little longer and roundedly prominent; inner angles
rounding to a shallow, narrow, median notch, the fundus of
this notch touching an obscure rounded pale lobe, somewhat
as in signatifrons; pygofers broader and proportionately
shorter than in the related species. Colors a little darker than
in typical signatifrons, with more black on the legs and venter ;
markings of the legs and vertex substantially the same. Length
2.75 mm.

Described from two females and seven males taken by me
at Pine Valley, San Diego Co., California, at 4000 feet eleva-
tion. This possibly should be considered as a mere race of
signatifrons but it seems to me best to give it specific rank as
typical signatifrons has been taken at Keen Camp in the San
Jacinto Mts., but a little farther north, and at Blitzen River,
Oregon.

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEIV HEMIPTERA ^\J

Type: Male, No. 1793, and allotype, female, No. 1794, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 24, 1920,
at Pine Valley, California.

32. Deltocephalus cahuilla Van Duzee, new species

Near miscellns Ball ; pale yellow with two to four spots at
apex of vertex and a few marks on elytra fuscous; vertex
produced, triangular. Length 3.4 mm.

Head wider than pronotum ; vertex flat, produced and right angled
before; apex subacute as in misccllns; sides of front sHghtly approaching
at apex; clypeus oblong, slightly narrowed to the feebly rounded apex;
cheeks unusually wide beyond the lorse ; pronotum scarcely shorter than
vertex, feebly sinuated behind ; anterior curve of pronotum occupying
two-thirds its length ; elytra wide, equalling or a little exceeding the
abdomen; costa well arcuated. Ultimate ventral segment of female short,
as long as the penultimate, apex cut squarely oflf, with a rounded notch
either side of an equal and rounded median lobe. Valve of male large,
broadly rounded ; plates short, exceeding valve by two-thirds its length,
their sides straight and apices rounded ; pygof ers about equalling the
plates.

Color yellowish white, deepened on head, anterior margin of pronotum
and scutellum ; vertex with about four marginal spots, two apical and two
nearer the ocelli, fuscous, the latter pair often obsolete or sometimes
accompanied by a pale brownish cloud inwardly ; base often with two
darker oblique dashes either side ; elytra subopaque, polished ; veins pale,
sometimes obscurely edged with brown toward apex ; in pale examples
there is usually a fuscous mark on disk of clavus, one on the commissure,
one against the first cross-vein on corium, and possibly one at apex of
inner apical areole ; apex often with an incomplete fuscous vitta ; face
pale with brown marks toward apex, sutures black ; legs pale ; abdomen
black, segmental margins and more or less of venter pale ; pleurae em-
browned.

Described from numerous examples taken by me at Keen
Camp, San Jacinto Mts., California, June 6-12, 1917, and a
series taken by Mr. W. M. GifYard at Pine Valley, San Diego
Co., April 24, 1920, all swept from grass.

Type: Male, No. 1795, and allotype, female. No. 1796, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, June 10, 1917,
at Keen Camp, California.

418 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

33. Deltocephalus zephyrius Van Duzee, new species

Apparently closely related to nigriventer but with darker
elytra, vertex wanting the transverse band, clypeus constricted
and ultimate ventral segment of female rounded at sides.
Length 2.75-3 mm.

Head wider than pronotum, convex in both diameters, the anterior edge
broadly rounded to front as in Euscelis ; apex produced in somewhat less
than a right angle ; pronotum slightly longer than vertex, its curve ante-
riorly occupying two-thirds its length ; elytra longer than abdomen, ner-
vures distinct ; face typical of genus, the clypeus moderately constricted,
apex rounded, scarcely equalling the cheeks. Ultimate ventral segment of
female rather long, bilobed, the outer angles rounded, median line incised
almost to base and overlapping as in nigriventer. Male genitalia about as
in nigriventer ; valve short, feebly angled ; plates large, transversely con-
vex, sides feebly sinuate, becoming oblique to the rounded reflexed apex ;
bristles long, pale.

Color cinereous-brown, tinged with yellow on head and scutellum; vertex
with a round black spot within and behind each ocellus ; apex sometimes
with a pair of faint spots; incised line scarcely darker; anterior margin
of pronotum paler ; elytra subopaque ; nervures white, mostly edged with
fuscous, the transverse veins more conspicuously white ; face pale, the
sutures, about six arcs on front and apical spot on clypeus fuscous ; sub-
antennal cavities black; legs mostly pale, the hind tibiae black in female,
edges and spines pale ; pectus and abdomen black, sides of male valve
narrowly pale.

Described from four male and five female examples taken
by me at Forks, Clallam Co., Wash., July 4, 1920. This
species has the genital characters of nigriventer almost exactly
but it is in no way related to compactus, the form of the head
and color characters separating it widely from that species.
Two brachypterous specimens are paler and have the elytra a
little shorter than the abdomen. Deltocephalus contrarasi Van
D. from Sonora is larger with a shorter vertex and thickened
elytra with very pale veins. It has, however, the satiie convex
rounded vertex and is certainly related.

Type: Male, No. 1797, and allotype, female. No. 1798, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 4, 1920, at
Forks, Washington.

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 4^9

34. Scaphoideus nugax Van Duzee, new species

Allied to scalaris; with shorter elytra but with the same fomi
of head; fulvous yellow, deepened on disk of elytra. Length

4 mm.

Male : Head distinctly narrower than pronotum ; vertex subacutely
pointed, not depressed, edge rounded, length on median line equal to
width between the eyes ; elytra subhyaline, veins distinct, three or four
supernumerary veinlets on clavus, claval veins not hooked on commissure.
Valve broad, triangular ; plates twice longer than valve, acutely triangular,
sides sinuated, marginal bristles stout.

Color clear fulvous yellow, deeper on disk of elytra above the tergum ;
base of vertex, anterior margin of pronotum and edge of scutellum pos-
teriorly whitish, apical areoles of elytra considerably enfumed, the elytral
veins paler, transverse veins and apex of claval veins thickened and white ;
beneath and legs pale, dots at base of tibial spines scarcely darker.

Type: Male, No. 1799, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, August 5, 1923, at Mill Valley, Marin Co.,
California. Paratype, one male, taken by J. C. Bradley at
Berkeley, Calif., in August, 1908, in collection of the author.

35. Scaphoideus minis Van Duzee, new species

Forni and aspect of albonotatus but with the shorter and
rounded head of Euscelis ; color cinereous with an immaculate
yellowish vertex and variegated elytra with three pale com-
missural areas; Female segment very characteristic. Length

5 mm.

Female : Head slightly wider than pronotum ; roundedly subangulate
before; vertex convex, broadly rounded to the front, length next the
eye three fifths that on median line; front wide for this genus, its basal
width five sevenths its length, sides below antennae rounded to clypeus,
the latter much constricted near base with its sides straight and apex
rounded ; lorse large, one half as broad as long ; antennal seta; elongated.
Pronotum a third longer than vertex, humeri subangulate. Elytra with
two or three supernumerary veinlets in clavus and two in costal areole
beyond node. Last ventral segment with median third produced in a long
parallel tongue to the middle of the pygofers, apex of this strap-shaped
piece cleft to about its middle leaving a long subacute tooth lying either
side of the oviduct ; exterior to this central process the margin forms a
rounded tooth-like lobe, separated from the median process by an acute
notch, and outwardly slopes away to the rounded lateral angles. Valve of

420 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

male very short, subtriangular ; plates about four times the length of the
valve but hardly half the length of the long pygofers, obtusely triangular
with the sides feebly sinuate.

Color cinereous ; vertex pale yellowish. Immaculate ; pronotum scarcely
irrorate in the type; elytral nervures fuscous, the disk of the larger and of
the apical areoles largely fuscous, including rounded whitish spots ; front
fulvous-brown with pale arcs and median line ; clypeus, lorae and cheeks
pale yellowish, the latter with a blackish cloud exteriorly ; beneath pale,
feet and pleural pieces more or less clouded with fuscous; tergum black;
antennae with subapical annulus and most of seta black.

Type: Female, No. 1800, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, April 10, 1923, on creosote bush, at Potholes,
Imperial Co., California. Allotype, male. No. 1801, Mus. Calif.
Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, May 16, 1917, at
Coachella, Riverside Co., Calif. Paratype, one dainaged female
taken with the allotype. In the allotype the pygofers are
shaped exactly as in the female but without the oviduct and
with the male plates and valve. It is not unlikely this speci-
men may be an hermaphrodite in which case the characters
of the male genitalia may have become much modified from
the form normal for the species.

36. Euscelis gentilis Van Duzee, new species

Apparently allied to shastus Ball ; form and aspect of rcla-
tivus nearly ; smaller with shorter pronotum and more pointed
vertex; soiled yellowish-testaceous with a black dot behind
each ocellus connected by a brown band and with two brown
dots on pronotum anteriorly. Length 4.5 mm.

Head a little wider than pronotum, bluntly triangular before; vertex
flat on the disk and a little sloping, one-half wider than long; front
rather narrow for this genus, a little longer than wide between the ocelli,
sides straight above, converging a little to apex ; clypeus oblong, parallel,
rounded at apex. Pronotum short, a little more than twice wider than
long ; latero-posterior margins almost reaching the eyes ; Elytra long as
in rclativiis; clavus and apex with several supernumerary transverse veins,
texture subcoreaceous. Last ventral segment of female short, trisinuate,
the middle broadly, slightly, produced, the angles more prominently so;
pygofers broad but not subangulate. Valve of male short, broad-triangu-
lar ; plates long-triangular, obtuse, four times longer than valve, sides
feebly arcuate.

Vol. XI\'] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 421

Color soiled yellowish-testaceous, a little clearer on head and scutellum ;
vertex with a round black spot behind each ocellus, a faint brown cloud
connecting these spots and some marks near anterior margin more or
less apparent ; pronotum faintly varied with brownish, with two median
brown marks anteriorly ; elytral veins pale, more or less distinctly edged
with brown, more apparent apically ; front with fuscous arcs and pale
median line; tergum, pleurae and base of venter marked with brown, more
extended in male; ocelli pink; hind tibiae with faint brown points at
base of spines.

Type: Female, No. 1802, and allotype, male, No. 1803, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, August 2,
1916, at Hobergs Resort, Lake Co., California.

Z7 . Euscelis almus Van Duzee, new species

Allied to frigidus Ball, a little narrower with more pointed
head ; vertex with three round black spots one of which is
discal ; elytra faintly fuliginous with pale nervures and fuscous
marks in apical areoles. Length 4 mm.

Head a little wider than pronotum, vertex nearly horizontal at base,
broadly rounded to base of front, polished. Front moderately broad, one-
half longer than broad, nearly flat; sides slightly narrowed to apex;
clypcus oblong, apex rounded, sides feebly excavated ; lorae narrow.
Pronotum a little longer than vertex, outer angles broadly rounded.
Elytra with one or two supernumerary cross veins near apex of costa.
Last ventral segment of female rather deeply, angularly excavated. Valve
of male longer than ultimate segment, roundingly triangular ; plates long,
obtuse at apex, sides feebly arcuated, contracted at base.

Color pale yellowish, deeper on head ; vertex with three round black
spots, the median paler, placed forward of the lateral and minutely
notched before; lateral placed near the eyes and just above the line of
the ocelli ; face with a row of four large black spots below the margin,
the lateral on the temples above the antennae ; sutures of the face and
about six arcs fuscous ; pronotum scarcely darkened across the disk and
on anterior margin ; scutellum usually with black spots near basal angles
and two brown discal dots, apical field sometimes with two brown spots.
Elytra pale smoky with conspicuous pale nervures; apical transverse
veins marked with brown and a brown vitta borders the apical veins ;
pleural pieces and abdomen more or less black, the last ventral segment
of female with a black spot at fundus of notch; suture and dorsum of
male pygofers black; legs pale, claws black.

422 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Described from three male and three female specimens.
The seven large round black spots on head (three on vertex
and four below margin) are a conspicuous character of this
species. While recalling frigidiis the characters of the head
and elytra place this species in subgenus Conosanus.

Type: Female, No. 1804, and allotype, male. No. 1805, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, May 23, 1918,
at Los Bancs, Merced Co., California.

38. Euscelis finitimus Van Duzee, new species

Color and aspect somewhat of the female of Eittetfix
bartschi but with the front and vertex of Euscelis; polished
light fulvous brown with pale veins and irrorations; vertex
with a black mark behind the eyes. Length 5 mm.

Head little wider than pronotum, obtusely angled ; vertex nearly flat,
about two-thirds wider than long; front broad, its length and width sub-
equal, sides straight above, incurved to clypeus, abruptly raised above
level of cheeks; clypeus oblong, a little narrowed to the rounded apex;
pronotum long, twice as long as vertex, sides broadly rounded behind
the eyes ; elytra shaped much as in Eutettix subcenea with arcuate costa
and flaring tips, with four or five supernumerary veinlets in outer areole
of clavus. Last ventral segment of female broadly excavated, the outer
angles subacute, middle with a broad short lobate tooth which is feebly
angled ; pygofers short and broad. Valve of male short, broad-triangular
and convex, a little shorter than the pygofers.

Color light fulvous brown, clearer beneath, polished ; vertex with an
angular black mark on each side between ocellus and eye, but showing
a tendency to being drawn out into a transverse band ; anterior to these
spots are two curved darker lines either side the middle and another in-
dicated near the hind margin ; pronotum irrorate with pale, with a large
pale area behind the eyes; elytral nervures, except the marginal, pale;
minute points at base of tibial spines and claws black.

The polished fulvous surface gives this insect somewhat the
aspect of a Eutettix but it is a Euscelis of the Conosanus
group.

Type: Female, No. 1806, and allotype, male. No. 1807, Mus
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, July 31, 1918,
at Colestin, Oregon.

Vol. XIV] VAN DUZEE—NEW HEMIPTERA 423

39. Lonatura pupa Van Duzee, new species

Closel}^ allied to ininuta Van Duzee, a little larger with a
longer vertex and different form of last ventral segment.
Length 3 mm. ^' .,

Macropterous female : Vertex a little longer than width between the
eyes, forming a right angle, with the apex obtuse ; surface convex as in
minuta. Elytra a little longer than abdomen; nervures distinct; second
cross-nervure prominent; front a fourth longer than wide, rather
abruptly narrowing to clypeus, the latter narrower at apex with the sides
straight. Ultimate ventral segment one half longer than preceding,
arcuately narrowing to a bluntly angular apex; pygofers slender, equalling
the oviduct.

Color pale yellowish, a little more deeply colored on head, paler be-
neath ; elytra subhyaline, nervures yellowish ; tergum and oviduct mostly
black; eyes brown; ocelli and tip of rostrum black.

Lonatura nana Van D. from the Gulf of California region
is wider with very different ultimate segment.

Type: Female, No. 1808, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by
E. P. Van Duzee, July 12, 1922, at Saltair, Utah. Paratypes,
two females, same data.

40. Thamnotettix lenis Van Duzee, new species

Size and aspect of helvimis Van D. ; a small green species
with yellow pointed head, dark front and short truncate male
plates. Length, male, 4.75 mm., female, 5.5 mm.

Head much wider than pronotum ; vertex acutely triangular, almost as
long as width between the eyes; front narrow, almost one-half longer
than wide, base acutely angled, profile slightly concave ; sides straight,
but slightly contracted at base of clypeus ; the latter parallel sided, but
little narrowed at apex. Last ventral segment of female rather long, apical
margin broadly arquate, with a shallow notch either side the median line,
leaving a broad short median tooth which is minutely emarginate and
is included in a black cloud lying behind each sinus ; pygofers short and
stout, not twice longer than wide and almost entirely clothed with long
stout bristles. Valve of male large, obtusely triangular; plates as long
on median line as the valve, cut off square at tip, sides straight ; pygofers
narrow, exceeding plates by the median length of the plates, closely
clothed with stout white bristles as in the female.

September 24, 1925

424 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Color light green becoming yellow on vertex, anterior margin of pro-
notum and on the scutellum, apex of elytra more hyaline, scarcely clouded,
veins yellow; front brown with arcs and margin more or less yellow,
sutures dark; pleurae and abdomen black, margins, apex of abdomen,
edge of male valve and last ventral segment and the pygofers of female
yellow; male plates whitish, the pygofers black; legs pale, the pale spines
set in small brown dots.

The unusually pointed head and peculiar genitalia will dis-
tinguish this small green species.

Type: Male, No. 1809, and allotype, female, No. 1810, Mus.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, May 18, 1920,
at Bryson, Monterey Co., California. Paratypes, two males,
two females, taken as follows : Bradley, Monterey Co., Cali-
fornia, April 23, 1917 (E. P. Van Duzee); Santa Cruz, Cali-
fornia, June 8, 1917 (W. M. Giiifard).

41. Thamnotettix verutus Van Duzee, new species

Near vastula in size, form and color but with distinct geni-
talia; light green, more yellowish on head and scutellum;
apex of elytra smoky ; male plates large, triangular, exceeding
the pygofers. Length 5.5 mm.

Male : Head well produced, right-angled before, apex subacute ; vertex
flat, broadly rounding to the front ; front strongly convex transversely,
as long as wide, sides straight above, gently rounding to the clypeus, the
latter rectangular, with straight sides. Pronotum scarcely shorter than
vertex ; more deeply excavated behind than in vastula. Valve broad, short,
slightly angled ; plates, taken together, rather longer than their basal
width and distinctly exceeding the pygofers, triangular, subacute at apex,
their sides very feebly concave from near base.

Color clear green, becoming yellowish on head, anterior margin of
pronotum and scutellum ; elytra subopaque, the costa apically paler ;
apical areoles smoky; front paler with a brown cloud either side; tergum
(except narrow margin), sternum, base of vertex and genital hooks black.
Legs and their spines whitish.

Female with vertex shorter than in male. Last ventral segment narrow,
constricted near base, sides beyond gradually approaching, outer angles
rounded; middle one-half shallowly excavated, base of excavation straight,
impressed and blackened ; oviduct black, considerably exceeding the
pygofers.

Vol. XIV] VAN DU ZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA 425

Described from a good series taken, by me as follows:
Bryson. Calif., April 24, 1917, May 18-20, 1920; Bradley,
Calif., April 23, 1917, May 22, 1920; Soboba Springs, River-
side Co., Calif., May 30, 1917; San Jacinto, Calif., May 29,
1917: Dixon, Calif., June 3, 1920. Also taken in Shasta Co.,
Calif., July 17, 1921, by J. A. Kusche. Like all its green allies
this species when teneral has a pale bluish look from the black
tergum showing through the imperfectly pigmented elytra.
The large triangular, scarcely excavated plates of the male
will distinguish this species.

Type: Male, No. 1811, and allotype, female, No. 1812, Mas.
Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, May 20, 1920,
at Bryson, Monterey County, California.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 18, pp. 427-503, text fig. 1, plates 20-29 March 23, 1926

XVIII

PALEONTOLOGY OF COYOTE MOUNTAIN,
IMPERIAL COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

BY

G. DALLAS HANNA
Curator, Department of Paleontology

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction 428

Location 429

Previous work 430

Geology of the district 432

Age of the deposits 433

Names of formations 434

Oil possibilities 436

Indeterminate species 436

Collection stations 437

Bibliography 440

Gastropoda (arranged alphabetically) 442

Pelecypoda (arranged alphabetically) 460

Echinodermata 479

Corals 480

Fishes 483

March 33, 1936

428 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Introduction

When I assumed the duties of Curator of the Department
of Paleontology in 1919, I found in the Department two large
collections of fossil mollusks from Coyote Mountain, Imperial
County, California. These had been borrowed for study and
report by former Curator, Roy E. Dickerson, and he had done
a very considerable amount of work in the identification of
the species. . Up to the time of his departure, he was unable
to complete the work to his satisfaction, and in 1920, he
turned the matter over to me either to finish or return the col-
lections to their owners. After due consideration, the advice
of Dr. J. P. Smith and Dr. B. L. Clark was taken and the
work of identification was completed as nearly as possible and
the collections were returned.

Publication has been withheld until this time because it was
found that the fauna needed for critical comparison was to be
had only in the Gulf of California. Until the Academy sent
its expedition there in 1921, no collection of consequence was
available in any western museum for consultation. That year,
through the untiring industry of Dr. Fred Baker, a very large
number of the known species of that province was brought
back. Also through his efforts the larger forms have been
identified and it has been possible to compare the Coyote
Mountain fossils with them.

This procedure has prevented a very considerable number
of inaccuracies which would have been inevitable had the re-
port been published in 1921. The most fertile source of error
would have been due to making comparison of this relatively
poorly preserved material with living and fossil species from
east American and West Indian points. Unquestionably, the
Coyote Mountain fauna is closely related to that of the
Atlantic, but so is the fauna of the Gulf of California. In no
great number of cases does this similarity amount to exact
identity of species. Without a good Gulf of California collec-
tion for comparison, grave errors would have been un-
avoidable.

The tropical fauna of the Gulf of California is so vastly
different from any known from the California coast that with
only the latter and eastern collections available, the natural

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 429

conclusion students would reach would be to associate the
Coyote Mountain forms with those of the Atlantic of similar
tropical facies.

Even with the Gulf of California collection for comparison,
this report could hardly have been completed without the
hearty cooperation of many paleontologists. Particularly must
appreciation be acknowledged to Dr. Fred Baker; Dr. J. P.
Smith; Dr. B. L. Clark; Dr. Roy E. Dickerson; Mrs. Kate
Stephens; Mr. Chas. H. Sternberg; Dr. W. H. Dall; and Mr.
W. C. Mansfield.

Location

Coyote Mountain, sometimes called Carrizo Mountain, is
located in the western part of the Colorado Desert, Imperial
County, California. It is close to the great granite range
which extends from Mount San Jacinto on the north to Mount
San Pedro Martir in Lower California.

The base of the mountain is about three miles north of
Coyote Wells, a watering station on the highway from San
Diego to El Centro and Yuma. The United States-Mexican
boundary is about four miles south of Coyote Wells.

The crest of the mountain is a ridge about five miles long
extending almost east and west. The surrounding country is
excessively barren desert and most of the usual erosion-
features comm.on to such surroundings are found. Thus there
are broad gravel washes, steep box cafions and many perpen-
dicular escarpments.

North of Coyote Mountain about ten miles there is another
and larger mountain mass, likewise an intrusion through Ter-
tiary sediments, now known as Fish Creek Mountain. Be-
tween it and Coyote Mountain is the flood plain of Carrizo
Creek. This is a very ancient waterway ; in the granitic moun-
tains which it traverses it has cut a great gorge, celebrated for
its scenic features.

Coyote Mountain is now easily reached since it is only three
miles from a paved highway. Light automobiles are usually
driven almost any place on the desert floor and by following
the wider washes it is possible to drive into several of tlie
main cafions. Alverson Caiion can thus be reached.

430 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4th Ser.

Previous Work

The original discovery of the Coyote Mountain upHft was
made by W. P. Blake, geologist with the Pacific Railroad Sur-
vey. The party with which he traveled camped on Carrizo
Creek where this stream flows out of its caiion and is lost in
the sands of the Colorado Desert. Here some fossils were
found and collected.^ These were subsequently described by
Conrad^ as Ostrea heermanni, Anomia subcostata and Pecten
deserti, all new species and Ostrea vespertina, previously de-
scribed from San Diego. ^ With only these four species,
Conrad thought the age of the deposit from which they came
was probably Miocene.

I do not find any other publication based upon original in-
vestigations until the report of Charles R. Orcutt was issued
in 1890. (See bibliography for references.) He traveled
extensively in the Colorado Desert at an early date, and, it
appears, made large collections of fossils from the marine sedi-
ments in the Coyote Mountain district. He mentioned par-
ticularly corals and oysters. Much of his data was reprinted
in 1901.

H, W. Fairbanks next collected in the region about 1892
and some of the corals he secured were sent to Dr. T. W.
Vaughan who described them in 1900. There were two species
and one subspecies of these.

Dr. Stephen Bowers made another collection of corals in
1901 and published a short paper on his observations. This
collection was likewise studied by Dr. Vaughan, who pub-
lished some notes on it in Science in 1904.

This latter collection was so interesting that Dr. Vaughan
arranged to have Dr. Bowers and Mr. W. C. Mendenhall visit
the locality and a veiy much more extensive collection was
made. A brief list of some of the MoUusca contained in the
collection was published in 1906 by Dr. Ralph Arnold. He
also included a preliminary list of the corals and described
two new species of Pecten from the locality. As a result of

• See Blake, Pac. R. R. Repts., Vol. S, 1857, pp. 120123.

• Op. cit., pp. 325-326, pi. 5. The original clescriptions (without illustrations) ap-
peared in an octavo appendix to the preliminary report of the geologist of the survey,
published in 1855 as House Executive document 129, 33rd Cong. 1st Sess. ; citations
are usually made to the final quarto report in Vol. 5.

• It so happens that descriptions of the two first mentioned appeared in February,
1855, without illustrations in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of
Philadelphia, p. 257.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 431

Mr. MendenliaH's visit, iie published in 1910 the most exten-
sive account we have of the geology of the district.

One of the sea urchins collected in 1904 was appropriately
described the same year by Charles E. Weaver as Clypeaster
bowersi.

Dr. John C. Merriam of the University of California recog-
nized the importance of this locality from a paleontological
standpoint and had two large collections made there about
1911-1913. One of these was by Messrs. Kew and Buwalda;
the other by Kew and English. As a result of these visits, the
most extensive collections thus far taken were assembled.

In 1914 Dr. Kew published a paper on the echinoids of the
region in which several new species were described. He also
included a geologic sketch map and cross section of Coyote
Mountain. He also published a list of the Mollusca which
had been identified. Only ten of the names were given un-
qualifiedly and none of these were gastropods ; all except four
had been described from these deposits.

This paper was followed in 1916 by one by J. O. Nomland
on Cretaceous and Tertiary corals of California and Oregon
in which one species from Coyote Mountain was described.

In 1917 Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan published an extensive
account of the corals collected in 1904 by Messrs. Mendenhall
and Bowers. He made extensive comparisons with other
faunas and gave a fairly complete resume of all previous work
in the region. (It should be noted that the explanations be-
neath the two figures on Plate 93, Prof. Ppr. 98, No. 5, U. S.
Geol. Sur. are reversed.)

Dr. R. E. Dickerson read a short paper before a meeting of
the Geological Society of America in 1918 (published only in
abstract form) in which previous views on relationships of
the Coyote Mountain deposits are given. This was followed
in the manuscript by a list of the Mollusca he had identified
from the collections.

Many collections have been made in the region from time
to time, the most important of which I have knowledge being
the following:

1. The Blake collection which Conrad studied.

2. The Orcutt collections of 1888 and 1890, studied and
reported upon by him.

432 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PROc. 4th Ser.

3. The Fairbanks collection which went to the University
of California and the corals of which were studied by
Vaughan.

4. The Bowers collection of 1901, the corals of which were
sent to Vaughan while the mollusks eventually came to the
California Academy of Sciences.

5. The Mendenhall and Bowers collection of 1904 which
went to the U. S. Greological Survey and the corals of which
were studied by Vaughan.

6. The Kew and English collection of 1912 which went to
the University of California.

7. The Kew and Buwalda collection of 1913 which went to
the University of California. The echinoids of the last two
collections were studied by Kew.

8. The Stephens and Sternberg collection of 1920 which
went to the San Diego Society of Natural History.

9. The California Academy of Sciences collection of 1921
made by the writer.

10. Stanford University collection made at various times
and by various collectors.

11. A private collection made at various times by Sternberg
and distributed to several institutions.

Geology of the District

During my visits to Coyote Mountain, I examined many of
the caiions minutely, but my purpose was chiefly to search for
fossils. Therefore, I am not in a position to add much to the
two excellent accounts of structural conditions which have
been published.* The most important parts of these papers
were quoted by Vaughan (U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, pt.
5, 1917, pp. 355-360). In general, these observers agreed
that Coyote Mountain was an island of granitic and metamor-
phic rocks, of possibly Carboniferous age at the time of de-
position of the Tertiary sediments. This deposition was
accompanied in its early stages by some volcanism of minor
character. One of the most evident features as the mountain
is approached, is the manner in which all strata dip away from

♦Mendenhall, Journ. Geol. Vol. 18, 1910, pp. 336-355. Kew, Univ. Calif. Publ.
Geol. Vol. 8, 1914, pp. 39-60.

Vol. XIV] HASNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 433

the center in every direction. Erosion has cut away many of
the soft clay layers and left hard sandstone or oyster reefs pro-
jecting as isolated hills in "bad land" areas. Many of the
reefs are composed almost entirely of organic calcite, chiefly
oysters, firmly consolidated and in one place at least partially
turned to marble. In other places, there are large areas com-
pletely covered with oyster shells, anomias, pectens and barna-
cles. These are weathered out free, and except for an etching
from, the wind-blown desert sand, are in a perfect state of
preservation.

Much of the core of the mountain is composed of marble
and quarrying operations on a prospective scale have been
carried on at many places. Unquestionably some of it is very
beautiful rock.

The best fossil-collecting locality is on the south side of the
mountain, a little west of the center in a wash called Alverson
Cafion. Fossils occur there in many kinds of sediments, but
the preservation is notoriously bad. Many of them can only
be had as casts, while most of the others are so badly crystal-
lized that the finer details of sculpture are obscured. The
richest layers are sandstone, firmly cemented with calcite.
Extraction of fossils from this material was found to be ex-
ceedingly difficult except in a few favorably weathered
surfaces.

Age of the Deposits

Various age determinations have been made of the Tertiary
sediments on the flanks of Coyote Mountain usually referred
to as "Carrizo Creek" which cuts through a portion of them.
Conrad, with four species of Mollusca, thought the age was
Miocene.

Orcutt in 1890 supposed it to be Cretaceous, basing the
decision upon the oysters and corals.

Vaughan in 1900 with two species and a subspecies of coral
gave the age as "doubtfully Cretaceous."

Arnold in 1906 called it Miocene and correlated with the
Etchegoin of central California which he also called Miocene,
but which has been determined to be lower Pliocene.

434 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Vaughan in 1910 gave the age as lower Miocene as de-
termined by Messrs. Dall and Arnold.

Kew in 1914 stated that "The echinoderm fauna seems to
indicate a comparatively late age, as several of the forms are
very closely related to species living in the Gulf of California
at the present time." In 1920 he referred all of them to the
Pliocene.

In 1916 Nomland referred the coralliferous beds to the
Pliocene.

Vaughan in 1917 stated that 'The fauna of Carrizo Creek
is related to Pliocene and Post-Pliocene faunas of Florida and
the West Indies and can scarcely be older than lower
Pliocene."

Dickerson followed in 1918 with a Miocene age determina-
tion correlating the sediments with the Gatun formation of
Panama.

It is quite evident that considerable diversity of opinion as
to the age has existed. A critical study of the Mollusca con-
tained in the various collections I have examined, leads me to
agree that the age cannot be greater than lower Pliocene and
I am much inclined to the belief that the greater portion is
middle and upper Pliocene.

There appears to be good reason to suspect that more than
one Pliocene formation is represented on the flanks of Coyote
Mountain. Very little reason exists for the placing of the
coral reef, the lowermost exposed fossiliferous stratum, with
the great oyster reefs of the upper part.

Names of Formations

For a long time the deposits about Coyote Mountain have
been called "Carrizo Creek" beds, or "Carrizo" formation;
the latter was proposed definitely in 1914 by Kew," but
Vaughan® has shown that these names are inapplicable because
of prior use elsewhere. This is to be regretted, but it seems
that current usage demands a different name. Since we are
unable as yet to correlate definitely any of the fossil bearing
strata with any named fonnation elsewhere, I would propose
that it be known as the "Imperial Formation" in the future.

•Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Vol. 8.

•U. S. Gcol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, 1917, p. 367.

Vol. XIV] HASM A— COYOTE MOU.VTAIN I'OS^JL:^ 435

The tyi>c locality should be tnken as the coral reef exposed in
Alverson Canon on the south side of the niountaiTi.

This coral reef has a distinctive fauna. It is succeeded by
about 200 feet of very fossiliferous calcareous sandstones for
which I would propose the name "Latrania Sands." It is this
formation which contains the large general assemblage of
marine Mollusca, a representation which indicates the presence
of pure ocean water.

Above the Latrania Sands there are enormous de^x^sits of
clay, the i>eculiar properties of which may make it of com-
mercial value at some future time. In order that these may
have a name for reference I would propose that they be
called the "Coyote Mountain Cla3'^s." They are extensivel)'"
developed over wide areas but the type locality has been select-
ed in the foothills bordering the southeast slope of Coyote
Mountain.

Above these clays, and interbedded with them near the top
to some extent, are extensive deix)sits of oyster shells for
which the name ''Yuba Reefs" has been selected. The type
locality has been chosen as a prominent hill made up of the
material, thoroughly cemented and partially metamorphosed,
located on the east em\ of the Coyote Mountain uplift. A gap
between the hill and the mountain affords a good trail from
Coyote Wells on the San Diego-El Centro Highway to the
north side of the mountain. The same reefs are found on
Yuha Buttes, Superstition ^Mountain, Signal Mountain, and
especially near where Carrizo Creek flows out of the mountains
to the westward.

,The Yuha Reefs are followed by an enormous thickness of
silt deposited in the freshwaters of the ancient Lake Coahuila,
an appropriate name for which is the "Coahuila Silt." It is
exposed where the San Diego-El Centro Highway crosses
New River about a mile west of El Centro. The total thick-
ness of these silts is not known but they contain freshwater
fossils to the base of the exposure indicated.

Thus, according to the above nomenclature, Conrad's fossil
mollusks came from the Yuha Reefs. Kew's echinodenns
are from the Latrania Sands; and Vaughan's corals from the
Imi^erial Formation. It is believed that further work will

March 23, 1926

436 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | Proc. 4th Ser.

necessitate further subdivision rather than a consolidation of
the above formations.

In this connection it is proper to add that Coyote Moun-
tain has been called "Carrizo Mountain" in some reports. Also
Fish Creek Mountain, the next one to the north of Carrizo
Creek, has been called "Black Mountain," "Barrett Moun-
tain," and "Fish Mountain."

Oil Possibilities

At various times attempts have been made around the
flanks of Coyote Mountain to obtain oil, but I think in every
case, without adequate preliminary geological investigation.
If this had been made, I can see no reason for the drilling of
more than one well in that vicinity. This statement is based
upon the following facts :

1. No adequate source of petroleum exists. While some
exposed strata are very fossiliferous, all except the oyster reefs
are far from being sufficiently so to be considered as a source
of petroleum in commercial quantities. The oyster reefs have
no adequate cover. The great deposits of shales and clay
shales are barren of organisms. The basal marbles cannot be
considered at all in this connection.

2. The structure about Coyote Mountain is monoclinal; all
strata dip away from the mountain. There is no known place
for oil to accumulate. There is only one possible exception to
this statement within a radius of five miles of the mountain,
to my knowledge. Yuha Buttes, five miles to the southeast,
is evidently an anticlinal, dome-shaped fold. But it was tested
to a depth of over 1 100 feet many years ago without evidence
of oil.

Indeterminate Species

The various collections studied have contained a consider-
able number of species so poorly preserved that positive specific
identification cannot be made. While it is true that leaving
them out of the present list will give the impression that the
complete fauna is smaller than it actually is, no useful purpose
would appear to be served by including a lot of generic names.

Vol. XI\ ] HAWNA—COYOTE MOUiWTAIN FOSSILS 437

The fauna of the PHocene beds of Coyote Mountain is a
large one, and if it could be seen in its entirety, it would ap-
proximate, probably, the present one of the Gulf of California
in size ; but induration has proceeded to such a degree that only
a small ^wrtion can be obtained unless some new localities with
better preservation are discovered. Mere names of genera,
derived from fragments, do not give a satisfactory picture of
a fauna, but they are sometimes included in lists as padding.
Space is now too valuable to warrant such procedure unless
some other purpose can be served.

Therefore, only those species have been included in the fol-
lowing pages which could be identified with reasonable assur-
ance of their correctness. No doubt inexperience has thus
caused the omission of some species which might have been
included had the author been more familiar with related
faunas. This loss, however, is believed to be more than offset
by the inaccuracies which would have resulted from attempts
to place the fragments in question.

Collecting Stations

The three largest collections studied have been appropriately
numbered in the respective museums, and the following list i«
a transcript of the various localities from which each lot was
obtained. Although collecting stations have been duplicated
by the several collectors, the numbers have been kept separate,
consistently, in the body of the paper, the institution to which
each pertains being appropriately indicated by initial letters.

Stations of the University of California

735. Near the center of the Yuha Buttes, Imperial County, California,

and at the top of the anticline there; south of the main road
from El Centro to San Diego ; about four miles north of the
Mexican boundary ; W. S. W. Kew and W. E. English, colls.

736. About 200 yards south of the axis of the anticline in Yuha Buttes,

Imperial County, California; W. S, W. Kew and W. E. English,
colls.

737. South side of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California, in a

wash heading northwest from the road near the base of the
formation ; W. S. W. Kew and W. E. English, colls. (Alverson
Caiion.)

438 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

738. From two small washes on the west side of the cut made by the

stream in which No. 737 is located, at the base of Coyote Moun-
tain, Imperial County, California, west of the road from Coyote
Wells to Carrizo Spring via Coyote Mountain ; W. S. W. Kew,
W. E. English and J. P. Buwalda, colls. (This locality is in a
branch of Alverson Canon, Original Nos. 4 and 55.)

739. At the head of the south branch of Alverson Canon, Coyote Moun-

tain, near the divide leading to Carrizo Creek, Imperial County,
California; W. S. W. Kew and W. E. English, colls.

740. Alverson Canon, Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California,

near the contact of lavas [?] and sandstones; VV. S. W. Kew
and W. E. English, colls.

2062. In wash halfway between Coyote Mountain and Carrizo Spring,

Imperial County, California; Upper beds of formation; W. S. W.
Kew and J. P. Buwalda, colls. ; April, 1913.

2063. In Garnet Canon, north side of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County,

California; about halfway to head of canon and from basal beds
lying on the complex ; W. S. W. Kew and J. P. Buwalda, colls. ;
May, 1913.

2064. At the head of G.irnet Canon, north side of Coyote Mountain, Im-

perial County, California; basal beds; W. S. W. Kew and J. P.
Buwalda, colls. ; May, 1913.

2065. Near the head of Garnet Cafion, Imperial County, California; hard

shales containing g> psum ; W. S. \V. Kew and J. P. Buwalda,
colls.; May, 1913.

Localities 735, 7?>6, and 2062 are from the "Yiiha Reefs" ;
the remainder are from the "Latrania Sands" as defined above.

Stations of the U. S. Geological Survey

3919. East end of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California; Stephen
Bowers, coll.; 1904 (Original No. 165).

3921. "Barrett's Oil Well" about 20 miles north of the Mexican lx>undary.

Imperial County, California; Stephen Bowers, coll. 1904 (Ori-
ginal No. 168). [This locality is near Carrizo Creek wash and
on a direct line between Coyote Mountain and Fish Creek Moun-
tain; See map of Mendenhall, reprinted by Vaughan.]

3922. At the head of Garnet Canon on the north side of Coyote Mountain,

Imperial County, California; Stephen Bowers, coll.; 1904 (Ori-
ginal No. 166).

3923. Alverson Canon, on the south side of Coyote Mountain, Imperial

County, California; Stephen Bowers and W. C. Mendenhall,
colls.; 1904 (Original No. 164).

6836. Carrizo Creek, Colorado Desert. California, January, 1890.

6847. Ravine about one mile south of Alverson Canon, Coyote Mountain,
Imperial County, California; Stephen Bowers and W. C. Men-
denhall, colls.: January 20, 1904 (Original No. 163).

Vol. XIV] HAN^fA -COYOTE MOU\'TAI\' FOSSILS 439

[In addition to tiie above material, the U. S. National Mu
seum probably contains some of the original specimens col-
lected by the members of the Pacific Railroad Survey and
studied by Conrad. There is also a collection of corals from
Fish Creek J^Iountain, which has a direct bearing upon the
present collections. It is No. 7616 (Original No. 167). (See
Vaughan, U. S. Geological Survey Prof. Ppr. 98, 1916, p.
350.) Localities 3919, 3921, 6836 and 6847 are supposed to
have come from the "Yuha Reefs" ; localities 3922 and 3923
contain material from both the "Latrania Sands" and "Im-
perial Formation" as defined above.]

Stations of the California Academy of Sciences

680. Alverson Canon, Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California;

from coarse sandy limestone above coral reef.

681. Alverson Canon, Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California;

from the coral reef which crosses the canon toward its source.

682. From the first narrow, box canon east of Alverson Canon, Coyote

Mountain, Imperial County, California.

683. From the second canon east of Alverson Canon. Coyote Mountain,

Imperial County, California.

684. North side of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California; from

canon one-half mile north of road to marble quarry but west of
red hills on north side of road.

685. Northeast corner of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California;

from a bank 100 yards south of road to marble quarry; in the
flat betv/een red hills on the north and Coyote Mountain on the
south.

686. One mile northwest of James Well, east of Coyote Mountain, Im-

perial County, California; from a high projection of a solid shell
reef; the reef dips east about 30°.

687. From a clay shale layer which underlies the shell reef hill (No.

686), Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California.

688. From a wash two miles west of James Well and one mile south of

base of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California.

689. Oyster reef near same place as No. 688.

690. From first knoll northwest of thef shell reef hill (No. 686), Coyote

Mountain, Imperial County, California.

691. Uppermost layers one mile northwest of James Well and east of

base of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California.

692. Oyster bed one-half mile northeast of James Well and two miles

northeast of base of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County,
California.

693. Yuha Buttes, Imperial Count>-, California.

440 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

701. A miscellaneous collection of fossils received without definite lo-
cality data, other than Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, Cali-
fornia, from California State Mining Bureau, collected by Dr.
Stephen Bowers.

[All of the above Academy collections except No. 701 were
made by the writer in January, 1921. Localities 680, 682-685
are from the "Latrania Sands"; locality 681 is from the Im-
perial Formation; localities 686-693 are from the "Yuha
Reefs" as defined above.]

Bibliography

The following list of titles is not intended to be complete
for the whole of the desert region of southeastern California.
Only those references are given which pertain to the geology
of the vicinity of Co3^ote Mountain, and which have been used
in the preparation of this paper. A long list which deals with
other phases of the interesting region, particularly Imperial
Valley and the Salton Sea, has been intentionally omitted be-
cause they have no direct bearing on the paleontology of the
district here treated. One exception is made in the case of a
detailed account of desert trails and watering places, a publica-
tion of incalculable value to any one who may make explora-
tions of any kind in the region.

Arnold, Ralph — The faunal relations of the Carrizo Creek Beds of Cali-
fornia. Science, n. s., Vol. 19, 1904, p. 503.

— Paleontology of the Coalinga District, Fresno and

Kings counties, California. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 396, 1909. On p.
44 the Carrizo Creek formation is correlated with the Etchegoin of
San Joaquin Valley upon the presence of Pecten dcserti Conrad.

Blake, Wm. P. — Pacific Railroad Survey Reports, Vol. 5, 1857, pp. 108,
120-123. On the pages cited is given an account of the occurrence
of the fossils at the mouth of Carrizo Creek.

Bowers, Stephen — Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District.
California State Mining Bureau, separate publication, 1901, 19 pp.

Brown, J. S. — Routes to Desert Watering Places in the Salton Sea Re-
gion, California. U. S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper No.
490-a, 1920. The same, much enlarged and with a great deal of
general information, by the same author appeared as "The Salton
Sea Region of California." U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper
No. 497, 1923, pp. 1-292; maps.

Vol. XIV] H.-1.VN.4— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 44^

Conrad, T. A. — Pacific Railroad Survey Reports, Vol. 5 (Geology), 1857,
App. 2, pp. 325-326, pi. 5. Four species of fossil Mollusca are de-
scribed from a locality near where Carrizo Creek flows out of the
mountains on the west to the valley floor. A footnote on the title
page states that the descriptions were originally published in 1855 in
the appendix to the Preliminary Report on Geology by Wm. P.
Blake. See House Executive Document, No. 129, 33rd Cong. 1st
Sess. 1855.

DiCKERSON, R. E. — Mollusca of the Carrizo Creek Beds and their Carri-
bean Afiinities. (Abstract), Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 29, 1918, p. 148.

Fairbanks, H. W. — Eleventh Ann. Rept. Calif. State Mineralogist, 1893,
pp. 88, 90.

Kew, Wm. S. W. — Tertiary Echinoids of the Carrizo Creek Region in the
Colorado Desert. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 8, 1914,
pp. 39-60.

Cretaceous and Cenozoic Echinoidea of the Pacific

Coast of North America. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Vol. 12, No. 2,
1920. The Coyote Mountain echinoderms are redescribed in this
paper.

Mendenhall, W. C. — Notes on the Geology of Carrizo Mountain, San
Diego County, California. Journal of Geology, Vol. 18, 1910, pp.
336-355.

Merrill, J. H. — Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and
Imperial counties (California). Advance Report Calif. State Min-
eralogist, Dec. 1914, pp. 1-113. The same was reprinted in 1916 as
a part of the 14th Ann. Rept. Calif. St. Min. for 1913-1914 pp. 633-
743. Much information on the geology of Imperial County is con-
tained in this report. On p. 105 is reproduced a photograph showing
borings of marine mollusks in marble on the slopes of Coyote
Mountain. At the end of the paper, 20 references to places in the
State Mining Bureau's publications are cited which deal with the
geology or mineral resources of Imperial County ; most of these
treat of mining operations.

NoMLAND, J. O. — Corals from the Cretaceous and Tertiary of California
and Oregon. Univ. of Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 9, 1916,
pp. 59-76.

Orcutt, Charles R. — Geology of the Colorado Desert. 10th Ann. Rep.
Cal. State Min. for 1890, pp. 899-919. A bibliography and long ac-
count of the fossils are given.

— The Colorado Desert. West Am. Scientist, Vol. 12,

No. 102, 1901.

Vaughan, T. W. — A Calif ornian Tertiary Coral Reef and its bearing on
American Recent Coral Faunas. Science N. S. Vol. 19, 1904, p. 503.

— The Eocene and Lower Oligocene Coral Faunas of the

United States. U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog. No. 39, 1900. On pp. 142
and 151, pis. 15, 17, three Imperial County corals are described. •

442 CALIFORNIA ACADEi\fy OF SCIENCES {Paoc. 4th Ser.

Vaughan, T. W. — In Arnold, Tertiary and Quaternary Pectena of Cali-
fornia, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 47, 1906. On p. 22, is given a
list of Coyote Mountain fossil corals ; some new names without
descriptions appear.

— The Reef -coral Fauna of Carrizo Creek, Imperial

County, California, and its Significance. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof.
Ppr. 98, pt. 5, 1917, pp. 355-386, pis. 94-102. This important paper
gives a complete resume of the geology of the district up to the
date of publication.

Weaver, C. E. — New Echinoids from the Tertiary of California. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Geol. Vol. 5, 1908, pp. 271-274.

Gastropoda
Architcctonica quadriceps Hinds
Plate 20, figures 5, 6

Specimens examir

fed

ocality

Collection

Number

55

U.C.

5

738

U.C

3

681

C.A.S.

1

6847

U.S.G.S.

1

The best preserved one of the above (Loc. 738, U.C.) has
been figured. All have been crystallized and this has tended to
obscure the fine sculpture. In size, shape, and sculpture the
fossils agree very well with the figure of quadriceps given by
Tryon,^ but the spiral cords are not broken into beads as in the
Gulf of California species commonly called granulata S.
quadriceps was described from Panama.®

2. Bullaria striata Bruguiere
Plate 20, figure 9

Butla striata Brug. Pilsbry, Man. Conch. Vol. 15, 1893, p. 332, pi. 37, figs.

42-46.
Bullaria striata attenu^ta Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Vol. 3, pt.

2, 1892, p. 219, pi. 13, dg. 10a.

' TtYON, Man. Conch. Vol. 9. 1887. p. 10. pi. 4, 6g3. 39, 40.
• Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 23.

Vol. XIV] HANWA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 443

Bulla paupcrcnla Sovverbv, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Ix)ndon. Vol. 6, 1849,
p. 52— Gabb. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Vol. 15, 1873, p. 246— Guppv,
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., Vol. Z2, 1876, p. 518.

Bnlhria paupercula Sowerbv, Maury, Bull. Am. Pal. No. 29, 1917, p. 182,
pi. 3, fig. 8.

Specitnens examined

.ocality

Collection

Number

680

CA.S.

1

682

CA.S.

13

3922

U.S.G.S.

2

3923

U.S.G.S.

2

6847

U.S.G.S.

5

B. striata is a species now found living in the Mediterranean
Sea and Pilsbry has shown that the West Indian living shells,
usually called B. amygdala Dilhvin, cannot be separated
from it.

Dall''* listed the species as striata from the Bowden, Jamaica
deposits, which were then thought to be Oligocene in age.
Maury, however, continued to use the name paupercula for the
fossils from Santo Domingo because "Sowerby's species has
been so much used it seems best to retain it for the fossil."

The figures of Pilsbry are as nearly identical with the Cali-
fornia fossils as it appears necessary for them to be. Shape
and size are very nearly the same. The fossils are somewhat
eroded and crystallized, but it is possible to see that there were
six spiral lines on the base and three near the apex of those
best preserved. The apical umbilicus is wide and the angula-
tion of the shell there is marked. The specimen illustrated
herewith measures 26.1 mm. in altitude and 14 mm. in diam-
eter. The loosening of the outer layer of the shell has pro-
duced a columellar channel which, being artificial, should be
ignored in comparisons. There does not appear to be a Gulf
of California living "analogue" of this West Indian form, nor
has anything like it been recorded from the Isthmuses of
Tuhauntepec and Panama fossil deposits. Whether present-
day taxonomists would give the Jklediterranean form so wide a
geographic and stratigraphic range as this cannot be answered,
but, accepting the work of the past, no biologic reason could
be discovered in the fossils to warrant their separation.

'Trans. Wag. Free In.st. Vol. 3, pt. 6, 1903, p. IS83.

444 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sek.

3. Cancellaria obesa Sowerby
Plate 20, figures 3, 4

Specimens examined

Locality

GDlIection

Number

701

C.A.S.

1

4

U.C.

1

738

U.C.

36

• •

S.D.S.N.H.

5

Shape and sculpture in this series are variable, but less so
than among an equal number of living shells from Magdalena
Bay, Lower California. Some of the fossils are almost smooth
on the body whorls, a senile character apparently, while others
are heavily cancellated. Between the two fonns, there is every
stage of intergradation. The name, C. tirceolata Hinds ap-
pears to have been applied to the strongly marked forms, and
if this name be admitted, it should certainly be applied to some
of the above fossils.

The largest of the above listed specimens (S. D. S. N. H.
coll. ) is 45 mm. in altitude and 23 mm. in diameter, but living
specimens have been seen which considerably exceed these
dimensions.

The Gatun species, C. dariena Toula," seems to be strongly
marked constantly, and differs otherwise from the Coyote
Mountain fossils.

4. Cassis subtuberosa Hanna, new species
Plate 20, figure 8 ; plate 29, figures 2, 3

Shell with a single row of low, close-set tubercles around
the periphery of the last half of the last whorl ; spiral striation
absent but last part of last whorl irregularly longitudinally
ribbed ; spire moderately elevated, conical ; columellar face and
expanded outer lip roughly triangular in shape ; 1 1 low lamel-
lar teeth on the outer lip; columellar face irregularly ridged
in the lower part ; the upper projecting angle somewhat eroded
due to wear before the specimen was preserved.

The species is most closely related to C. tuberosa Linnaeus.
In addition to the type specimen two others are in the series of
shells examined, but only one is of value in defining the species.

"Jahr. K. K. Geol. Reich., Vol. 58, 1908, p. 703, pi. 25. fig. 13, pi. 28, fig. 2.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 445

This is a younger individual than the type and three indistinct
rows of tubercles are visible on the body whorl. This suggests
C. sulcifcra Sowerby,'^ but all three rows in that species con-
tinue to develop to maturity.

The upper projection of the enamelled columellar face is ex-
tended almost exactly in the same proportion in the younger
individual of subtitberosa as in C. tuberosa. This specimen
indicates that there may be intergradation between the fossils
and living forms if sufficient material were at hand for study.
In neither of the fossils are the tubercles massive nor do the
earlier ones show in the aperture of the shell as in C. tuberosa.

Type and paratype: In the collection of the University of
California from Loc. 738, Alverson Canon, Coyote Mountain,
Imperial County, California. Another very poorly preserved
specimen is listed under locality 701 (C.A.S.). Casts of the
type and paratype are Nos. 1799 and 1800 (C. A. S. coll.).

The finding of this fossil Cassis is believed to be the first
definite record of one of the larger species of the genus on the
west coast of North America, either living or fossil. So far as
I am aware, none has been found in the Tertiary deposits of
the West Indies or the southern states, although three species
are found living there at the present time. C. tuberosa was not
found by F. M. Anderson in any of the fossil deposits of
Colombia or the Isthmus of Panama, but recent specimens
were secured by him at the former place. One of these has
only five tubercles on the periphery of the last whorl. Two
other specimens in the California Academy of Sciences from
the Bahama Islands have eight and six respectively. In every
case these assume the character of blunt spines and are rather
distantly separated.

5. Cerithium incisum Sowerby

Lampania inctsa Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Vol. 2, 1855, p. 868, fig. 152.
Cerithium incisum Sowerby, Tryon, Man. Conch. Vol. 9, 1887, p. 142, pi. 26.

Four specimen from Loc. 682 (C.A.S.) agree with the shell
which Tryon has figured under the above name. The best one
is fairly well preserved, but the upper part of the spire is
lacking.

" Ouart. Tourn. Geol. vSoc. Lond.. Vol. 6, 1849, p. 47, pi. .10, fig. 1. Maury, Bull.
Aon. Paleo. No. 29, 1917, p. 110, pi. 18, figs. 1, 2, 3.

446 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [P«oc. 4th Sf.r.

6. Conus fergusoni Sowerby
Plate 21, figures 6, 7

Conus fergusoni Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 145, pi. 15,

fig. 1.
(?)Conus nwUis Brown & Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p.

343, pi. 2i, fig. 1 (Gatun formation, Isthmus of Panama).

A single adult and 17 young of a large cone from Loc. 738,
have been referred to this living species of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia and southward. The large one has been somewhat
crushed out of shape and otherwise is imperfect, but the cor-
rectness of the identification is fairly certain. This specimen
is 89.7 mm. in altitude and 52 mm. in greatest diameter.
While the identity of it with the living form is advisable, there
is considerable doubt as to the correct name which should be
applied. C. fergusoni was described from a living specimen
from Panama and has since been found at numerous localities
on the west coast. The California Academy of Sciences' col-
lections contain a good series. In them there are also several
fine specimens from the Gatun beds of the Isthmus of Panama.
They appear to be identical with the species from there
which was named C. mollis by Brown and Pilsbry. Both
series show some variation in height of spire and the sculpture
between the sutures.

In the original description of C. mollis, comparison is made
with Conns haytensis Sowerby,^" a species which was described
without illustration from the Santo Domingo Miocene.
Maury,^^ however, figured it and remarked upon the closeness
of C. mollis to it. If they should prove to be the same, as
seems likely, C. haytensis will replace both names, fergusoni
and mollis.

The young examples from locality 738 are all more or less
imperfect and could, with equal propriety, be determined as
any one of a dozen named species. Through crystallization
they have lost their finer sculpture and many of them are
crushetl and broken. The shape does not deviate from that
of fergusoni sufficiently to be noted herein.

'- Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 6, 1849. p. 44.
»»Bull. Am. Pal. No. 29. 1917, p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 1,

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 447

7. Conus planiliratus Sowerby

Conns ploniliratuj Sowerbv, Quart. Joiirn. Geol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 6, 1849,
p. 44— Maurv, Bull. Am. Palco. No. 29, 1917, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 10.

.\t locality 738 nine small specimens of Conus were col-
lected. All are imperfect, being badly crystallized and the
sculpture is in no condition to warrant very definite identifi-
cation. They seem to be closer to this Miocene species of West
Indian and Panama deposits than to any other. In the most
perfect specimen there are about 20 spiral grooves, but whether
the ridges have been cut transversely, it is impossible to ascer-
tain. The shape of the spire is about the same as that of plani'-
liratus of which the California Academy of Sciences has a
large series from Panama. The largest specimen from Coyote
Mountain, however, is only 19 mm. in altitude and 10.5 mm.
in greatest diameter.

8. Conus regularis Sowerby

Plate 21, figure 8

Conus regularis Sowerby, Conch. 111. 1841, fig. 45 — Dall, Free. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Vol. 38, 1910, p. 221.

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

682

C.A.S.

11

55

U.C.

4

6847

U.S.G.S.

2

The above name is applied to the Coyote Mountain fossils
with the meaning attached to it given by Dall in the publica-
tion, cited above, and not as defined by Tryon.^"* Most of the
above specimens show traces of bold square maculations very
distinctly. In the fossils, the color of these spots is brown, in
the living shells, red.

"Man. Conch.. Vol. 4, 1884, p. 37, pi. 11, figs. 98, 99, 100. 1, 2.

,.#C.A/'>\

448 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

9. Crepidula onyx Sowerby

One specimen collected by Mr. Frank Stephens at Coyote
Mountain is in the collection of the San Diego Society of
Natural History'. It is rugose like one figured by Tr>^on.^'^

10. Crucibulum spinosum Sowerby

Specimens examined

Locality Collection Number

680 C.A.S. 2

682 C.A.S. 1

51 U.C 2

3922 U.S.G.S. 1

All of the above specimens are somew hat imj^erfect, but no
characters could be discovered by means of which they could
be distinguished from living specimens of this widespread
and highly variable species.

1 1 . Fasciolaria princeps Sowerby

Number

Specimens examined

Locality

Q)llection

56

U.C.

738

U.C.

688

CA.S.

701

C.A.S.

3922

U.S.G.S.

3923

U.S.G.S.

The best preserved of the above specimens (Loc. 738 U.C.)
are referred to F. princeps without hesitation. The species is
found living from Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to
Panama, and a considerable series has been available for com-
parison. It is understood that the shells of the species are
almost indistinguishable from those of F. papulosa (F. gi-
gantea Keiner) of the east coast, but considerable differences
exist in the operculums. Under the circumstances, it seems
logical to refer the fossils to the western form.

" Man. Conch., Vol. 8, p. 128, pi. 37, fig. 37.

Vol. XIV] HANN A— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 449

12. Ficus decussata Wood
Plate 21, figure 9

Specimens examined

Ivocality
55
682

Collection
U.C.
C.A.S.

Number
2
2

One of the specimens from the last lot mentioned above is
fairly well preserved; it measures 30 mm. in altitude; 22.5
mm. in diameter. The other specimens are small casts not
readily determinable with certainty, but presumably the same.
Even the best preserved has so crystallized that the minute
sculpture cannot be discerned and apical characters have been
lost. Burnett Smith^*^ in treating of the morphology of the
genus gave apical characters for the separation of most of the
living species, but did not indicate the constancy of sculpture
in a large series of shells from one locality.

East American paleontologists do not seem to have adopted
the genus-name Ficus Bolten, in place of Pyriila Lamarck, as
proposed by DalP^ in 1909. Western students have generally
accepted the change and their example is followed herein,
without, however, giving consideration to the merits of the
case.

F. decussata is the name generally used for the common,
species found living in the Gulf of California. A large series
collected in 1921 by the Expedition from the Academy has
been available for comparison and within the lot, variation in
sculpture is sufificient to cover the Coyote Mountain fossils.

13. Littorina varia Sowerby

Two specimens from Loc. 6836 (U.S.G.S.) have been re-
ferred to this exceedingly variable species. They show no
trace of spiral sculpture. The best one is figured and measures,
altitude 25.5 mm. ; diameter 20 mm.

The species belongs to a tropical group which is exceedingly
widespread. The east coast representative is L. scabra Lin-
naeus ; this can scarcely be separated from varia with certainty.

"Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, pp. 208-219. pi. 17.
"U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 59, 1909, p. 74.

450 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IProc. 4th Sek.

14. Malea ringens Swainson
Plate 21, figure 10

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

53

U.C

1

55

U.C

22

56

U.C

2

738

U.C.

3

7Z9

U.C.

3

680

CA.S.

3

681

C.A.S.

1

682

C.A.S.

1

701

C.A.S.

4

3919

U.S.G.S.

2

3922

U.S.G.S.

1

2923

U.S.G.S.

3

6847

U.S.G.S.

1

This large series consists of some well preserved si>eciinens
and others which are merely casts. The largest is only 75 mm.
in altitude, which is small as compared with some recent si)eci-
mens from the Gulf of California. The number of spiral ribs
varies from 13 to 20 and there appear to be no characters for
specific separation of the fossils from living specimens.

The name M. cainura was given to a fossil from Santo
Domingo in 1866" and Gabb^'* has stated that it is the same as
M. ringens. As camura, Maury'° has figured it from Santo
Domingo, and it has been listed under that name from Gatun."
The two forms are certainly very close, perhaps identical.

15. Mitra sulcata Swainson

Two imj)erfcct specimens from Loc. 738 (U.C.) have been
referred to this species in the sense in which Tryon-- used the
name. The preserved sculpture is identical with that of living
specimens from the west coast of Central America which are
available for comparison.

"GupFV, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 22, 1866, p. 287, pi. 17, fig. 9.

"Trans. Am. Phil. Sec, Vol. 14, 1873, p. 223.

=*BuLL. 29, Am- Paleo., 1917, p. 112. pi. 19, fig. 3.

" Brow.n & PiLSBRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. .Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 356.

"Man. Conch.. Vol. 4, 1882, p. 139.

Vol.. XIVJ HANSA-COYOTE MOVNTAiyj FOSSILS 451

16. Mitrularia equestris Liniueus

Five casts of what appeared to be this species were collected
on Coyote Moiuitain by Mr. Frank Stephens for the San Diego
Society of Natural History.

17. Modulus unidens Lister

Three specimens from locality 6847 (U.S.G.S.) and seven
fiom locality 682 (C.A.S.) are almost certainly referable to
this variable species found living in the Gulf of California as
well as on the east coast. All are crystallized so that the finer
sculpture cannot be seen, but they agree with small specimens
of unidens in shape. The margin is rather sharply carinate
and the base has about five spiral cords. The largest specimen
is five mm. in diameter. The tooth on the columella does not
differ from that of living specimens from the Gulf of
California.

18. Natica unifasciata Lamarck

Specimens exami

ned

Locality

Collection

Number

738

U.C.

7

682

CA.S.

2

6847

U.S.G.S.

3

These specimens appear to belong to unifasciata as repre-
sented in collections available from Panama northward and
by fossils from the Pleistocene deposits of Magdalena Bay.
Lower California. Nevertheless the identification is attended
with some uncertaintv due to the difficulties of determining
s]>ecies in the genus and the comparatively poor preservation
of the Coyote Mountain fossils.

19. Natica uber Valenciennes

Of this species there are LS specimens from locality 738
(U.C), one from locality 6847 (U.S.G.S.) and four from
locality 682 (C.A.S. ). It is known from Pleistocene deposits
of the west coast of Lower California, the Galapagos Islands

March 23, 1926

452 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc 4th Ser.

and Payta, Peru, and lives now from the Gulf of California as
far south as Callao, Peru, according to Dall.-'

20. Nerita scabricostata Lamarck

A fragment of a Nerita 10 mm. across came from locality
738 (U. C). Only the upper surface of the first two whorls
is preserved. The sculpture of this is the same as of A''.
scabncostata, a living species found from the Gulf of California
to Panama.

21. Neritina picta Sowerby

Eleven si)ecimens of this sj^ecies came from locality 6847
(U.S.G.S.) and 77 from locality 682 (C.A.S.). This large
number shows, as usual in the species, considerable variation
in fonn. In many of them the color is preserved and corre-
sponds fairly well with that of living A^ picta from the Gulf
of California and southward.

22. Oliva spicata Bolten
Plate 21, figures 4, 5

Specimens examined

rocality

G)llection

Number

6847

U.S.G.S.

5

738

U.C.

70

682

C.A.S.

8

..

S.D.S.N.H.

9

This large series contains no variations which are not found
in a series of recent specimens of equal size from the Gulf of
California. The form named angulata by Lamarck does not
seem to be entitled to even subspecific rank because it is found
with typical spicata and there appears to be perfect intergrada-
tion between the two. This is true of the fossils as well as the
recent specimens.

The east coast analogue of this species is O. reticularis
Lamarck. It likewise is subject to considerable, but less vari-
ation and in a large series intergradation with spicata is

»Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37, 1910, p. 235.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 453

thorough, jiarticularly when the fossils are considered. Since
the latter name has precedence the eastern shells will probably
eventually take a subspecific name.

The synonymy of North American living species of Oliva
has been thoroughly worked out by Johnson, " Mazyck"*^ and
Vanatta.'-'

The fossil forms exhibit the great range of variation in size
for which the recent species is know. The largest specimen
in the collections measures 78.5 mm. in altitude and 38.3 mm.
in diameter. Another broken one was 45 mm. in diameter.
The large specimens show a tendency to have an angulated
periphery. Johnson" has listed 27 specific and subspecific
names which have been applied to living specimens.

23. Olivella gracilis Broderip and Sowerby

At Loc. 738, there was obtained a single badly broken speci-
men of a slender Olivella, having no characters distinct from
the recent species of the Gulf of California.

24. Solenosteira anomala Reeve

Plate 20, figures 1, 2

Nine specimens which have been identified as this species
came from locality 738 (U.C). They are the same as Bose^*
listed and figured as Melongena mengeana Dall, from Paso
Real cerca de Tuxtepec, Oaxaca deposits which he called Plio-
cene. The species lives on the west coast of Mexico at the
present time and is found living and in Pleistocene beds at
Magdalena Bay on the Pacific side of the Peninsula of Lower
California. The fossils from Imperial County, Califoniia are
identical with S. anomala as figiu'ed by Tryon^" and repre-
sented by various specimens in the collection of the California
Academy of Sciences. Tryon called the species a synonym of
Melongena pallida (Brod. & Sowby.), but the differences

"Nautilus, Vol. 24, 1910-11, pp. 49, 64, and 121; Nautilus, Vol. 28, 1915, pp. 97
and 114.

=» Nautilus, Vol. 28, 1915, p. 139.

=« Nautilus, Vol. 29, 1915, p. 67.

=^Naut., Vol. 28, 1915, p. 115.

=« Bull. Inst. Geol. Mex. No. 22, 1906, p. 40, pi. 4. figs. 25, 26.

=»Man. Conch., Vol. 3, 1881, p. 109, pi. 42, figs. 212. 213.

454 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

seem sufficiently great to be recognized. It is true, however,
that several allied species of the group form an intergrading
series.

25. Strombus galeatus Swainson

Specimens examined

Tx)cality

Collection

Number

738

u.c.

2

680

CA.S.

2

682

C.A.S.

2

701

CA.S.

2

3923

U.S.G.S.

2

Most of these specimens have weathered out as internal
casts, but size and shape are so nearly identical with living ones
of this abundant Gulf of California species that they are un-
hesitatingly classed as the same.

26. Strombus gracilior Sowerby

Four si^ccimens, some of which are well preserved, have
come from localities 682 and 701. They do not differ in any
noteworthy feature from recent and fossil shells in the collec-
tion from Magdalena Bay, Lower California, and a very large
.«eries collected in the Gulf in 1921 by Dr. Fred Baker.

27. Strombus obliteratus llanna, new species

Plate 20, figure 7

Shell similar to Strotiibiis Qraniilatus Grav but shorter and
stouter; a row of prominent spines situated on the shoulder of
all the whorls ; this is succeeded on the body whorl by another
row, below ; although these are smaller than the shoulder row,
they are much more pronounced than the middle row of
nodules on the body whorl of S. (^rmnilatiis.^'^ The third and
lowermost row of nodules on the latter is replaced in 5. oblit-
eratus by a spiral ridge : between this and the rows of spines,
there is no indication of s])iral sculpture which is so pro-
nounced in the recent species ; no granulation is present on the

="'Tryon, Man. Conch., Vol. 7, 1885, p. 110, pi. 3, fig. 2.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSUS 455

inside of the outer apertural margin in the type or any of the
other specimens which are well enough preserved to show it.
Altitude 61 mm. ; diameter, 45 mm.

Type: No. 1809, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from Loc. 682,
Alvcrson Canon, Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, Cali-
fornia; G. D. Hanna, coll.

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

680

C.A.S.

1

682

CA.S.

6

701

CA.S.

17

738, 53, 55.56

U.C.

5

6847

U.S.G.S.

3

..

S.D.S.N.H.

1

While having undoubted close relationship with S. granu-
latus this species does not appear to intergrade with it in the
important characters mentioned.

28. Terebra gausapata Brown & Pilsbry

Plate 22, figures 4, 5

One specimen was found at Loc. 738 (U.C). It is very
well presented as shown by the figure herewith. Its identity
with the species described by Brown & Pilsbry^^ is not
doubted. Of that species there are four specimens from Gatun
in the California Academy of Sciences and some of them do
not differ appreciably from the one from Imperial County,
California. Brown & Pilsbry apparently had but a single
specimen upon which to base their original description and
therefore were unable to make any statement as to the vari-
ation or the relationship of the species. Attention is there-
fore called to the fact that the spiral striation which they men-
tion as being present on the sutural band can scarcely be dis-
cerned in some specimens while in others it is very plain. The
tiumber of ribs on each whorl varies from 14 to 18 in speci-
mens from Gatun and the one from southern California has
20. Spiral threads below the sutural band var}' in number
from three to five.

"Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1911. p. 340, pt. 22. figs. 8. 9.

456 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Se*.

Some specimens of T. pedroana Dall have convex spires like
T. gausapata, but they are rare and differ in sculpture. So far
as a large series of the former show, the two species cannot be
connected by a series of intergrades. The fossils seem closer
to the east coast Pliocene and recent species, T. dislocata (Say)
than to the west coast forni. T. martini English, from the
Fernando Pliocene of California is a shell similar in size to
gausapata but the vertical ribbing is much more pronounced in
most specimens and the spiral lines are obsolete or nearly so.

29. Terebra protexta Conrad

Terebra protexta G)NRad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 3, 1843, p. 26 —
Tryon, Man. Conch., Vol. 7, 1885, p. 25, pi. 6, fig. 98.

A single poorly preserved specimen of a Terebra was se-
cured at Loc. 682 (C.A.S.) which has the very fine ribbing of
this common species of Florida. There is no species known
from the west coast of America at the present time which ap-
pears to approach this condition. The specimen did not ex-
ceed 10 mm. in length when it was perfect.

30. Turns albida(?) Perry

Specimens examined

ocality
738
6847

Q)llection

u.c

U.S.G.S.

Number
6

1

The last measures 34.5 mm. in length and 19 mm. in width.
If T. albida includes all of the variations which DalP^ and
Maury^^ attribute to it then certainly it mu.st include the speci-
mens from Imperial County, California. Of the numerous
variations the latter resembles most the one figured by Maury^'
as r. a. barret ti (Guppy)" from the Miocene of Jamaica. The
range of the, species is given as from the Oligocene of Vicks-
burg, Mississippi, through the various Tertiary horizons of the
West Indies, Florida and the Isthmus of Panama to the
Recent. A large series of fossils from Gatun shows no such

"Trans. Wag. Inst.. Vol. 3, 1890, pt. 1, p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 8a.

» Bull. 29, Am. Pake, 1917, p. 214, pi. 8, figs. 4-8.

" op. cit. fig. 5.

"Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 22, 1866, p. 290, pi. 17. fig. 6.

Vol. XIV] HANNA—COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 457

lange of variation as Maury has figured, and they have more
numerous ribs and are nearer unifomi in size than the speci-
mens from California. If these latter were not imperfect, it
would be possible to say definitely whether they were the
same, but they all lack canals, and, moreover, the shell sub-
stance is crystallized so that the finer sculpture is obliterated.
No west coast species is known with which comparison can
be made.

31. Turritella impcriaJis Hanna, new species
Plate 21, figures 1, 2, 3

Shell robust, slender, apical angle from 10° to 12" ; suture
well impressed; whorls deeply constricted in the middle, thu.^
fomiing spiral ridges, the upi^er of which is slightly the larger ;
each ridge slopes gently to the center and to the suture; both
are indistinctly noded in the type specimen; in others nodes
are much more evident; between the two ridges there are four
faint spiral threads in the ty[>e; in some specimens these are
scarcely visible and in others they are stronger, varying in
number from two to six ; aperture circular with the exception
of the deep constriction between the two ridges.

Type: In the Univ. Calif. Coll. from Loc. 738 (U. C.)
Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California; collected by
W. S. W. Kew. A cast of the type is preserved as No. 1811,
Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. collection of type material.

The type specimen is 55 mm. long and 25 mm. in diameter.
The entire length of this specimen was about 125 mm.

Specimens examined

Locality

Q)llection

Number

738

U.C.

62

6847

U.S.G.S.

3

680

CA.S.

1

681

C.A.S.

6

682

CA.S.

4

683

CA.S.

3

685

CA.S.

8

688

CA.S.

1

701

CA.S.

4

458 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc 4th Se«,

This Species undoubtedly belongs to a group which attained
maximum development in the Miocene and Pliocene of the
east coast from Maryland to the West Indies. Variation
among them has been so great that many names have been
applied. DalP*' has stated that these . . . "will probably
be diminished when sufficient material has been brought to-
gether and carefully studied." On actual comparison of the
western shells with Miocene material from the Chipola Marls
of Florida some specimens of the latter are found which af>-
proach very closely. These I take to be T. terebriformis Dall,*^
an unfigured species. The only observable difference which
appears to be constant is the lack of nodes on the spiral ridges.
Size, shape and other sculpture appear to be identical.

The representative of the group in the Gatun formation of
Panama is T. altilira Conrad,"" the spiral ridges of which are
high, and very decidedly crenulated. In no instance is inter-
gradation with the California specimens approached.

Another closely related Miocene species is T. tornata
Guppy^® of Santo Domingo. The ridges on that species also
are beaded and it appears never to reach such a large size as
the others which have been mentioned.

From the Pliocene of Florida comes the large species, T.
perattcnuata Heilprin*" which belongs to the same group but
appears to differ from the southern California species to a
greater extent. In it there is a greater tendency to accessory
spiral ribs, some of them almost equaling in strength the two
major ones.

Species of undoubted alliance are not lacking in present seas
although none of them appears to reach the large size of the
fossils. Thus T. exoleta Linnaeus of the Gulf of Mexico and
T. coopcri Carpenter of the west coast are similar in general
form although both appear to be constantly different. The
spiral ridges are much less heavy but they remain just two in
number. The latter species has been found in Pliocene de-
posits of Lower California, as well as living.**

"Trans. Wag. Free Inst., Vol. 3, pt. 2. 1892, p. 316.

" op. cit. p. 311.

»» For a full discussion of this species see Buown & Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1911, p. 358.

»»See Maury. Bull. Am. Paleo. No. 29. 1917. p. 294. pi. 4g, fig. IS.

"Trans. Wag. Free Inst.. Vol. 1, 1887, p. 88. pi. 8. fig. 13— Dall, opt. cit., Vol. 3,
pt. 2, 1892. p. 316, pi. 16. figs. 5, 9.

" See Dall, Trans. Wag. Free Inst.. Vol. 3, 1892. pt. 2, p. 316— -Tryoo. Man.
Conch., Vol. 8. 1886. p. 200. pi. 61, fig. 61.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 459

There is another Uving- species, a single specimen of which
was dredgfed near the mouth of the Gulf of California, 7".
maruma Dall*" which appears from the figure to belong- to the
same group.

32. Vasum caestum Broderip

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

6847

U.S.G.S.

1

680

CA.S.

1

682

CA.S.

1

, ,

S.D.S.N.H.

1

This species has been recorded living from Mazatlan,
Mexico, by Carpenter*-^ and from San Diego, California by
Dall.** Several conchologists, including Tryon,*® have con-
sidered it identical with the east coast living species, V. muri-
catum (Born) and it is possible that if there were good series
including fossils from both sides, available for study, no dif-
ferences of a constant character could be found. I have had
no living specimens from the west coast for comparison, but
the only difference between the fossils and living east coast
material seems to be in the weaker spirals of the former. The
specimen from the San Diego Society of Natural History
shows only a ridge for the anterior row of spines. It is
badly broken but measures 93 mm. in altitude and 83
mm. in diameter. The U. S. Geological Survey specimen
has a single row of spines. And the young example from lo-
cality 682 (Calif. Acad. Sci.) has a row of spines with a ridge
below. The columellar plaits number either four or five.
With a large series of living and Pleistocene shells from the
east coast of Colombia available for comparison, it does not
seem that there are specific differences Ijetween them and the
California fossils, but the problem must remain open until
living specimens from the west coast can be obtained.

The status of the fossil species, V. haitensis (Sowerby),

«6

"Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo!., Vol. 43, 1908, No. 6, p. 327. pi. 11, fig. 14.
" Maz. Cat., p. 456, 1857.

♦«Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37, 1910, p. 211.
"Man. Conch., Vol. 4. 1882, p. 71.

"Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 6, 1849, p. SO. Vol. 32, 1876. p. S23. pi.
29. fig. 3.

460 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

and V. h, engonatum Dall/^ from the Florida and West Indian
Tertiary deposits, has not been investigated in this connection.
Maury*^ considered the two very close but did not pass upon
the near identity of the fossils with living shells.

33. Vermicularia cburnea Reeve

This is the only member of the family Vermetidae w^hich has
been found in the Imperial County deposits. Six specimens
have come from locality 682 (C.A.S.). Some of them are
fairly well preserved and agree with specimens found living at
San Diego, California, and in the Gulf.

Pelecypoda

34. Anomia subcostata Conrad

Plate 23, figures 3, 4, 5

Specimens examined

/ocality

Collection

Number

51

U.C

19

55

U.C.

2

3919

U.S.G.S.

4

3922

U.S.G.S.

6

6836

U.S.G.S.

3

684

C.A.S.

39

687

CA.S.

9

690

C.A.S.

11

701

CA.S.

7

Among this large number there is exhibited great variation
in shape, sculpture and weight. The radial sculpture ranges
from very decided ribs to none at all and a separation into two
species with this character as a basis would l^e valueless.

The name given above is used because Conrad's type came
from Carrizo Creek, and he described and figured the shell so
that it can be recognized, but it is quite possible that these
fossils are not separable from some of the recent species which
have earlier names.

" Trans. Wag. Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 3. pt. 1, 1890, p. 100.
-Bull. Am. Pal. No. 29, 1917, p. 84.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 461

ARCID.E

Most collectors have obtained numerous specimens of areas
in the Coyote Mountain deposits and vicinity, but the preserva-
tion has been so poor that specific identification cannot well be
attempted. Most of these have been casts; in the few cases
where the shell substance is preserved, it is so badly crystal-
lized that external sculpture is largely obliterated.

35. Atrina Stephens! Hanna, new species

Plate 27, figures 3, 4

Shell robust, inflated, beaks acutely pointed; both margins
concave toward beaks ; growth ridges rough but not scaled] or
spinose; radial ridges on posterior two-thirds of shell; these
are wavy in cross section, but not spinose ; byssal area flat, the
opening 3.5 mm. wide; valves gape broadly. Length 200
mm. ; thickness, 60 mm. ; width, 112 mm.

Type: Preserved in the Museum of the San Diego Society
of Natural History ; plastotype, No. 1816, Calif. Acad. Sci. from
Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California; Chas. H.
Sternberg, coll.

This species appears to be more closely related to A. oldroydi
than any other; comparison has been made with the type of
that species in Stanford University and it is found to have a
convex swelling on the ventral margin; the radial ridges do
not extend on the ventral half of the shell and the byssal area
is not so flattened.

The type only has been collected ; but numerous specimens
of what appeared to be the same were seen by the writer em-
bedded in an overhanging cliff on the north side of Coyote
Mountain where they could not be reached.

This species is named for Mr. Frank Stephens, veteran
naturalist and collector of San Diego, Calif.

452 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4th Sun.

36.

Bamea costata Linnaeus
Plate 28, figures 5, 6
Specimens examined

Locality Collection
701 C.A.S.
51 U.C.
6847 (324575 U.S.N.M.) U.S.G.S.

Number
2
S
1

The specimen figured is 58.5 nmi. long and 20.7 mm. high.
The others are but httle if any larger. All are internal casts
and well preserved, but dorsal plates are lacking. Regarding
the identification of the specimens with the coinmon east coast
sf>ecies, it should be said that they correspond exactly in shape,
number of ribs and form of sculpturing on the inside of the
shells. The species is found living on the east coast from
Massachusetts south to Brazil and fossils date back to the
Pliocene according to Dall.*" The Miocene species of the east
coast differs little from it. The use of the generic name
Bamea Risso, instead of Pholas Linnseus, is in accordance
with the definition of the genus as given by Dall.

In addition to some peculiar borings found in the coral
heads in Alverson Caiion, Coyote Mountain, the California
Academy of Sciences' Collection (Loc. 701) contains four
specimens which are distinctly the work of Lithophaga or
Pholadidea. The holes have been made in massive marble,
subsequently filled with fine sediment and solidified. No rem-
nants of the shells remain. They came from the collection of
the California State Mining Bureau and may represent some
such specimens as those photographed by Merrill*** and pub-
lished in 1914.

Cardiid^

The various collections contain numerous casts of at least
three species of the genus Cardium. They resemble, in sliape,
living species of the Gulf of California, but without external
sculpture positive identification would not be safe,

« Trans. Wap. Free Inst. Sci.. Vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898. p. 816.

•"a Merrill, F. I. H. Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial GMinties [Cali-
fornia). Calif. St. Min. Bur. 14th Ann. Kept., for 19131914 (1916], p. 73S; advanc*
copy Dec. 1914.

Vol. XIV] HANNA—COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILi, 453

37. Chama frondosa Broderip

In th<i coral reef of Alverson Canon, locality 681 (Calif.
Acad. Sci.) 13 si^ecimens of this species were secured. The
maximum size is about 70 mm. by 50 mm. which is considered
small. Exteriorly the shell substance has been greatly bored
by other organisms and incrusted with bryozoa and worms.
The limestone matrix adheres very tenaciously to both the in-
side and outside of the shells. The species has been recorded in
the Gulf of California as far north as Guaymas,''" and DalP^
gives its range as extending from San Diego, California, to
Peru.

38. Codakia colpoica Dall

Specimens examined

ocality

Q)llection

Number

3922

U.S.G.S.

3

6847

U.S.G.S.

3

680

C.A.S.

2

682

C.A.S.

6

All of the above are more or less imperfect and the valves
are firmly united so that the hinges cannot be seen. In shape
and sculpture they agree perfectly with specimens from the
Gulf of California.

This is the species which was formerly called C. tigerina by
Cai*penter and others. Dall,'"'' however, pointed out the dif-
ferences between the west and east coast forms in his "Synop-
sis of the Lucinacea" and described tlie one from the Gulf of
California as new.

39. Crassitellites subgibbosus Hanna, new species

Plate 28, figures 1, 2, 3, 4

Shell similar to C. gibbosus Sowerby but less swollen, and
in specimens of the same size, the posterior end is longer and
less up-turned. Surface roughened by growth ridges of un-
equal strength: unibones with three heavy undulations; hinge
area and teeth similar to gibbosits as figured by Nelson''"^ except

»" Carpenter, Catalog Mazatlan Shells, 1857, p. 89.

"Bull. 112. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1912. p. 33.

"Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901. p. 821, pi. 41, fig. 4. ^*^ M"' A J

"'•Trans. Conn. .Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. 2, pt. 1, 1870, p. 203, pi. 7, fig. 9. /-^'v^NVD n> Ai /

4^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

that the central cardinal of the right valve of our species has a
side brace, or spur projecting into the resilium; also in sub-
gt-bbosus there does not appear to be the crenulation between
the first and second cardinals of the right valve which he
showed. Length, 55 nun. ; height, 41 mm. ; thickness, 29 mm.
(Type.)

Type: No. 1818, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from Loc. 682,
Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California; G. D. Hanna,
coll. Paratype: In Univ. Calif. Coll. from Loc. 738 (U. C).
Cast of same, No. 1819, Calif, Acad. Sci.

"Crassitella gibbosa" was described by Sowerby^* from
Middle America and illustrated by Reeve.^^ Its range is given
by DalP' as extending from the Gulf of California to Paita,
Peru. While no specimens of the species have been available
for comparison, no fossils from Imperial County have been
found which agree with the two figures to which reference has
been made. Reeve's figure shows a specimen with a slightly
up-turned posterior extremity and the ventral margin has a
compound curve toward that end. Our specimens do not ap-
pear to have such a curve. The ventral margin of gibbosus
appears much more convex than subgibbosus.

Comparison need hardly be made with the fossil species of
Panama, Costa Rica and the Isthmus of Darien, C. reevei Gabb
and C. mediamericanus Brown and Pilsbry, Both of them
have regular ribbing on the surface, concentric with the
growth lines.

The material available has been 10 specimens from locality
738 (U.C), two from locality 3923 (U.S.G.S.) and 13 from
locality 682 (C.A.S.).

40.

Divaricella ebumea Reeve
Plate 26, figures 8, 9
Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

738

U.C

10

682

CA.S.

8 .

6847

U.S.G.S.

4

" Proc. Zool. Soc.. Vol. 2. 1832, p. 56.

» Con. Icon. Crassitella, 1843, pi. 1. fig 1.

^ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Vol. 37, 1910, p. 260.

Vol. XIV] MASS' A— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 4^$

Except for the slightly coarser sculpture, these specimens
do not differ from some from the Galapagos Islands; others
found in the Pleistocene deposits at Magdalena Bay, Lower
California, appear identical ; the same is true of many shells
from the Gulf of California. Preservation of the Coyote
Mountain fossils is not good and the valves are associated so
firmly that hinges could not be examined.

41. Dosinia dunkeri Philippi

Specimens examir.

ted

Locality

Collection

Number

738

u.c

12

682

CA.S.

1

3919

U.S.G.S.

2

3923

U.S.G.S.

1

The best preserved of the above specimens is figured. It
measures: length 68.2 mm.; height, 71 nmi. ; thickness (one
valve) 18.1 mm. The state of preservation is such that they
cannot be satisfactorily separated from dunkeri, a species
found living from Panama north to the head of the Gulf of
California.

42. Echinochama calif omica Dall

Echinoch-atiui californica, Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 3,
pt. 4, 1903, p. 1404.

Specimens exatnined

ocality

Gjllection

Number

682

CA.S.

1

3923

U.S.G.S.

2

The above specimens from Coyote Mountain are not per-
fectly preserved but there is little doubt that they belong to the
species californica, from Lower California.

The east American analogues are E. arcinella Linnaeus, a
living form, and E. antiqimfa Dall from various fossil horizons
dating back to the Miocene. All fonn a group of closely re-
lated species, the separation of which has not been very
satisfactory.

4^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | Proc. 4th Shr.

43. Glycymeris gigantea Reeve

Of this large species there are five specimens from Loc. 738
(U.C.) collected by W. S. W. Kew. No other collector seems
to have met with it in that region. Comparison has l>een made
with living specimens from the Gulf of California as well as
with Reeve's description and figure and no differences of ap-
parent consequence could be detected.

44. Cyathodonta undulata Conrad

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

4

U.C.

1

681

C.A.S.

1

3923

U.S.G.S.

1

These are casts and are somewhat smaller and thinner
than living specimens from San Diego, California, supposed
to be C. dubiosa Dall,^' an unfigured species. In describing
C. mtdulaia, Conrad^^^ gave no definite locality, but Dr. Dall
has stated that it is found at Lapaz and other places in the Gulf
of California.

45. Lucina edentuloides Verrill

Lucina edentuoides Verrill, Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901,
p. 802.

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

738

U.C.

1

680

C.A.S.

1

681

C.A.S.

5

683

CA.S.

4

701

C.A.S.

25

6847

U.S.G.S.

3

Of this species there are numerous specimens in the various
collections, all of which, it appears, were collected from a hill
slope on the west side of Alver.son Canon, Coyote Mountain.
At a point where the coral reef crosses the stream bed these
shells are weathered out and can be had in considerable num-

"Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 49, 1916, p. 445.

"a Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., \"ol. 4, 1849. p. ISS.

Vol.. XIVJ HASNA—COYOm MOUSTAIN 1-OSSJLS 4(,/

bers. In every case seen they were crystallized and the valves
were fastened together so that the hinge structure could not
be ascertained. The shape, however, coincides with that of
living specimens found from Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia, southward. The beaks of this species are more cen-
trally j>laced than in the one of the West Indies.

46. Metis excavata Sowerby

Plate 23, figure 6

One specimen in an excellent state of preservation was se-
cured by Kevv and English at locality 738 (Univ. Calif.). It
is 47.5 mm. from the beak to the ventral margin and does not
differ in any noticeable character from s[)€cimens found in the
Gulf of California living at the present time.

47. Ostrea heermanni Conrad
Plate 22, figures 7, 8 ; plate 23, figures 1, 2

Ostrea heermanni Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1855, p. 267 —
G)NRAD, House Ex. Doc. 129, 33rd Cong. 1st Sess., 1855, p. 15 —
Conrad, Pac. R. R. Repts., Vol. 5, 1857, p. 325.

"Very irregular in form, thick, ovate and often dilated;
lower valve shallow ; exterior very irregular, with large dis-
tant angular radiating ribs and with pits, irregular cavities;
cartilage pit broad and oblique ; upper valve flat or concave,
with a profoundly irregular surface. Length, 5.75 inches;
height, 6.5 inches." (Original description.)

Although this species has not been previously figured, so far
as I have been able to determine, there is no mistaking the fact
that Conrad had specimens of the only large circular oyster of
the Coyote Mountain region. It is excessively abundant in
many places and also excessively variable. Uneroded speci-
mens, however, show clearly that it is an irregularly ribbed
si^ecies. The two specimens figured herewith show the
characters well. Blake stated in a footnote to Conrad's de-
scription that although Dr. Heermann picked up the original
specimens from the bed of Carrizo Creek, there was no doubt
but that they came from the fonnation near at hand. I saw
.some examples in the cliffs of Alverson Canon that were fully
a foot in diameter.

March 23, 1926

458 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sf.r.

48. Ostrea iridcscens Gray
Plate 26, figures 4, 5, 6, 7

There are a few scattered beds of this fine species about
Coyote Mountain wliere the shells occur in cliaracteristic
abundance on the surface. At locaHties 689 and 692 (C.A.S. )
there were secured four and 15 respectively. These do not
differ from recent specimens of the Gulf of California which
are characterized by the arrangement of the shell substance in
comparatively flat and regular layers. O. chileiisis Philippi,
the western representative of O. virginica Gmelin according to
Dall,^® has the layers irregular and often somewhat crenulated.
O. iridcscens was first adequately described by Carpenter in
1857.*^

49. Ostrea vespertina Conrad

Plate 26, figures 1, 2, 3

Specimens examined

Locality

Q)llection

Number

3919

U.S.G.S.

2

3921

U.S.G.S.

12

3922

U.S.G.S.

7

3923

U.S.G.S.

4

6836

U.S.G.S.

5

6847

U.S.G.S.

1 (=324, 601 U.S.N.M.)

324602

U.S.N.M.

1

738

u.c.

6 (=55 W.S.W.Kew)

■ • ■ •

u.c.

8 (=51 W.S.W.Kew)

u.c.

1 ( S3 W.S.W.Kew)

3003

u.c.

2

Unnumbered

....

8

681

CA.S.

5

682

C.A.S.

3

683

CA.S.

15

684

CA.S.

11

690

CA.S.

3

691

CA.S.

5

694

CA.S.

2

701

CA.S.

6

«» Nautilus, Vol. 28, p. 3, 1914.
•»Cat. Mazatlan Shells. 1857, p. 157.

Vol. XIVI HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAm FOSSILS 459

When the above list was made out, it was believed to be best
to unite all the plicate oysters of the Coyote Mountain region
under one name. Sufficient comparative material was lacking
for a logical separation of species. Therefore the collections
listed from the U. S. Geological Survey and the University of
California contain some specimens of 0. hecriimnni as well as
O. vespertina.

Since the list was made and the collections returned, a large
amount of comparative material, living and fossil from the
Gulf of California region has been obtained, and it is believed
that a separation into two species can be made with reasonable
certainty, the large one taking- the name O. hcermanni.

Ostrca vespertina was first described from San Diego (Con-
rad, Journ, Phila. Acad. Sci.) in 1853, but was not figured
until Conrad considered the specimens obtained by Blake from
the Colorado desert where Carrizo Creek flows out of the
Laguna Mountains upon the valley floor. Subsequent collect-
ing at San Diego by many experienced workers has resulted in
obtaining but one plicate oyster and that is the one described
by Gabb*"^ from Cedros Island as O. veatchii. That the latter
is synonymous with vespertina can scarcely be questioned. The
identity was pointed out by Dall in 1898*'" and concurred in by
Arnold in 1909.°^ The former considered both names as well
as O. heermanni Conrad, the equivalent of O. haitensis Sower-
by, 1850, an east American species. The later views of Dall
regarding the living species of western oysters are set forth in
a little paper published in 1914."* Here we find 0. veatchii
given the status of a species.

Whether the Carrizo Creek and Coyote Mountain oysters
called vespertina are the same as San Diego specimens ori-
ginally given that name cannot be stated with certainty, but
seems probable. Around the flanks of Coyote Mountain the
shells form great reefs, thoroughly consolidated and cemented,
in some places already partially converted to marble. Such
metamorphism is unusual for such late deposits in western
North America.

«Geol. Surv. Calif. Pal., Vol. 2, 1869, p. 35, pi. 11, fig. 61.
« Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898, p. 686.
" U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 396, 1909, p. 78.
" Nautilus, Vol. 28, 1914, p. 3.

470 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

50. Panopc gencrosa Gould

Specimens examined

-ocality

G)llcction

Number

738

U.C.

4

3923

U.S.G.S.

1

682

CA.S.

1

688

C.A.S.

1

701

CA.S.

2

As usual with this species, a considerable amount of varia-
tion is shown in the series. The specimen from Locality 3923
(U.S.G.S.) is particularly attenuated anteriorly, but not more
so than some living shells.

51. Pecten carrizoensis Arnold

Pecteti carrizoensis Arnold, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 47, 1906, p. 59,
pi. 4, figs. 1, la, lb, 2, 3, 3a.

Specimens examined

Locality Collection Number

3922 U.S.G.S. 1

6847 U.S.G.S. 2 (Numbered 324, 575, U.S.N.M.)

738 U.C. 9

680 CA.S. 6

682 CA.S. 7

The original specimens of this species came from the vicinity
of Coyote Mountain and the most perfect among the above is
a juvenile 31.8 mm. in diameter. P. steanisii Dall, P. dicgciisis
Dall and this species form a group of flat sided pectens which
are much alike. P. stcarnsii has the greatest number of ribs
and each one is divided by a longitudinal sulcus. P. carri-
zoensis has the least number of ribs (about 20) and they are
more rounded (less square) than in either of the other species.

52. Pecten dcserti Conrad

Plate 25, figures 1, 2, 3

This species was originally described from si>ecimens col-
lected in the region by Blake and, being common, is very well
known. The various collections studied have contained a great

Vol. XIVJ

HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS

471

many specimens of it. The species is most common in the
hard "oyster reefs" of the uppermost beds exposed. Some
places tliese beds are consohdated into finn rock; aguin they
have disintegrated and the desert floor then becomes carpeted
with the shells of Pectcn descrti, Ostrea vcspcrtina and Anemia
sfihcostata. They thus become scattered far and wide.

53, Pecten keepi Arnold

Specimens examined

Locality

Gjllection

Number

3922

U.S.G.S.

2

Z9Zi

U.S.G.S.

2

6847

U.S.G.S.

4

324, 562

U.S.N.M.

I

738

u.c.

3

739

u.c

2

680

CA.S.

7

681

CA.S.

7

682

CA.S.

2

683

CA.S.

1

687

CA.S.

1

688

C.A.S.

1

701

CA.S.

4

The species was described from these deposits and seems to
have no close living relative on the Pacific coast, but belongs
with P. zic^ag Linnaeus of the West Indies and P. mortoni
Ravenel®* of various east coast fossil deposits.

It is one of the most common species in the Coyote Moun-
tain region. Specimens were seen in the black limestone which
caps a southern slope of the mountain east of Alverson Canon
where the matrix was so hard that the shells could not be ex-
tracted, and the stone rang like tempered steel when struck
with a hammer. No specimens were seen higher up in the
sequence of strata than that, but from there downward to the
basal exposure (the coral reef in Alverson Canon) the shells
were everywhere in evidence.

Bose, Inst. Geol. Mex. Bull. 22, p. 24, pi. 1. figs. 3, 6, 9, pi. 8, pi. 9, 6ff. J.

472 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sed.

54. Pecten mediacostatus Hanna, new species

Plate 22, figure 6; plate 24, figure 2

Shell small, altitude a little greater than length, equilateral
and equivalve, not noticeably inflated. Surface sculptured with
23 (in the type specimen) ribs which are regularly rounded
and are largest in the center of the valve. These ribs are strong
at the ventral margin of the shell but are scarcely visible
within 18 mm. of the beak; interspaces occupied by riblets, one
to each, about one-third the size of the major ribs; in the better
preserved specimens there is a fine even concentric sculpture
of lirulae looped over the ribs, appearing as though cut with an
engraving tool; anterior ear marked with five (in cotype)
radiating riblets while the posterior (in the type) is smooth
except for fine even concentric sculpture. Measurements of
type specimen, a single right valve, altitude 37.2 mm. ; length
30 mm. (slightly compressed longitudinally) ; thickness
8.5 mm.

Type: No. 1830, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Trom Loc. 681
(C. A. S.) Alverson Cafion on the south side of Coyote Moun-
tain, Imperial County, California, in the Pliocene coral reef
about midway up the caiion.

There is only one west coast species with which the scul^v
ture of this can be compared, Pecten estrellanus (Conrad) of
Miocene and lower Pliocene strata. That species is more in-
flated, longer than high, and the ribs extend entirely to the
beak ; moreover, the ribs are squarish and interspaces chan-
neled on each side of the smaller riblet.

Twenty-seven specimens were obtained from the coral reef
of Alverson Canon, Loc. 681, and one from Loc. 683, both of
the California Academy of Sciences' series. The reef is a well-
marked feature of the topography as one ascends the caiion,
yet it does not appear to have been explored heretofore, since
none of the numerous collections seen has contained this
species. Like P. sancto-ludovici the specimens are more or less
poorly preserved and usually somewhat crushed out of shape.

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 473

55. Pecten mendenhalli A mold
Plate 25, figures 4, 5

Specimetis examined

Locality

Gjllection

Number

3922

U.S.G.S.

4

3923

U.S.G.S.

13

324, 549

U.S.N.M.

1

738

u.c

10

2064

u.c

7

681

CA.S.

1

701

C.A.S.

2

Shape and sculpture are as Arnold*'*' has described. Each
ear is consistently heavily sculptured with several ribs, but
these are shown as smooth in P. cerrosensis Gabb.®^ The
species, circularis, deserti, and mendenhalli are undoubtedly
very closely related. With a large series of specimens from
different places, it is possible all would be found to constitute
an intergrading series, but at present some of the connecting
links seem to be absent.

56. Pecten sancti-ludovici Anderson and Martin
Plate 22, figures 1, 2, 3

This species was described*"^ from material collected "along
the west side of San Juan River about one-half mile above the
mouth of Navajoa Creek, Northeastern San Luis Obispo
County, California," by Bruce Martin. Other specimens were
taken in the near vicinity. All came from strata of the "Santa
Margarita" formation or Upper Miocene. The type, a para-
type, and six other specimens from the type locality, are in the
California Academy of Sciences and all are beautifully
preserved.

Until now the species does not appear to have been found
elsewhere, but in the coral reef of Alverson Canon, Imperial
County, California, Loc. 681 (CA.S.) 12 specimens were
taken. Two additional specimens were taken at Loc. 683
(CA.S.) and there is a crushed one from Loc. 2064 (U.C).
All are somewhat broken and crushed, but they are placed

**\J. S.GeoI. Surv. Prof. Pap. 47, 1906, p. 84, pi. 25, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

"Geol. Surv. Calif. Pal., Vol. 2, 1869, pi. 9, fig. 55.

"Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th ser.. Vol. 4, 1914, p. 55, pi. 3, figs. 10a, 10b.

474 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Psoc. 4th Sejc

with the Santa Margarita fonn without hesitation. Rarely
are examples of any species from two localities so nearly
identical.

The sculpture of the species at once recalls hastatus and if
only the right valve were known, it could be easily taken for
that. The number of ribs is about the same, likewise the ser-
rations of the riblets ; but there is no tendency in sanctp-
ludovici for the ribs to be double or in pairs. The main dis-
tinguishing feature, however, is the fact that while the left
valve only of hastatus has about nine ribs, in sancto-ludovici
the number is the same as in the right.

57. Pecten subnodosus Sowerby
Plate 25, figure 6

Specimens exami

ned

Locality

Q)llection

Number

738

U.C

6

680

CA.S.

1

690

CA.S

4

These specimens are not perfectly preserved, but with a
large series of living and fossil shells from the Gulf of Cali-
fornia region for comparison, there is believed to be no ade-
quate reason to doubt the identity. None of the above speci-
mens had so many riblets between the main ribs as have been
seen in some living shells, but this is probably due to the small
series; certainly some living individuals, unquestionably sub-
nodosus, have as few riblets as these. As in P. etch^goini
farther north, the strength of the nodes varies greatly in a
series of shells.

58. Phacoides xantusi Dal I
Plate 28, figure 7 ; plate 29, figure 1

Pka-coides xantusi Dajll, Nautilus, Vol. 18, 1903, p. 110.
Phacoides childreni of authors; not of Gray.

Specimens examined

Locality

Collection

Number

738

U.C.

3

2064

U.C

1

3923

U.S.G.S.

3

681

CA.S.

17

Vol. XIV] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS \y$

The above specimens are all more or less crystallized so that
the finer sculpture is obliterated, and the valves are so firmly
fastened tog-ether that the hinge structure has not been ex-
amined. This and four other species, one of the Miocene and
Pliocene of California,®" one of the east American recent
fauna, ^° one east American Pliocene form,'^ and one of the
Florida Miocene,^'- form a group of closely related forms. The
Coyote Mountain fossils, however, seem to be most closely re-
lated to the shells found living- in the Gulf of California at the
present time. It has already been listed as P. childrcni from
the Pliocene of Lower California at San Juan by Dall (Op.
cit. 1903).

59. Pinna latrania Hanna, new species

Plate 27, figure 1 ; text figure 1

Shell thin, long and slender, apical angle acute {27") ; sur-
face apparently unmarked externally by ridges, ribs or spines,
except for a heavy longitudinal mid-rib in each valve; this is

Fig. 1. Outline of Pinna latrania, n. sp.

rounded convex, internally and apparently sharply carinate
externally and divided longitudinally, the two parts being
united by cartilage ; the length of this rib is unobtainable from
available material, but in other species it does not extend en-
tirely to the beak ; each valve is deeply sulcate at the mid-rib

"P. sanct<scruns Arnold. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 396, 1909. p. 57, pi. 6, fiff. 6.
" P. childreni Gray.

"P. smithwoodwardi Maury, Bull. 29, Am. Paleo., 1917, p. 204, pi. 35, fig. 6.
^P. caloosaensis Dall Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 3, pt. 6. 1903, pi. 28,
fig. 1.

476 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

SO that in looking down upon it, it is double-looped. Length
of type specimen, 135 mm. ; width from hinge line down,
63 mm.; gape posteriorly, 51 mm.; length of hinge line, 116
mm. ; length of byssal scar, 85 mm.

Type: No. 324,593 (U. S. Nat. Mus.) from Log. 3922 (U. S.
Geol. Surv.), Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California.
A cast of the type is No. 1837 (C. A. S. Coll.).

The type specimen lacks both anterior and posterior ends
and is largely a decorticated cast. A paratype in the Museum
of the San Diego Society of Natural History was collected
at the same locality by Mr. Frank Stephens. This specimen
shows the shape of the posterior end of the shell. A cast of
it is preserv-ed as No. 1838 of the California Academy of
Sciences.

60. Pinna mendenhalli, Hanna, new species
Plate 27, figure 2

Shell thick and heavy; apical angle obtuse (47°); outer
surface without sculpture or distinct ribs ; there is a low longi-
tudinal ridge, however, on the ventral half of each valve ; mid-
rib exceedingly heavy (7 mm. thick in a fragment preserved
on one specimen) ; rounded on the interior and apparently
sharply carinate on the exterior. Each valve appears to be
divided through this rib for at least a portion of its length be-
cause in the remnants of the shell preserved on the casts, there
are ligament scars as shown in the figure. The gape extends
the full length of the shell and the byssal scar appears to do
the same; beak and posterior margins not seen. Greatest
length of type, 167 mm. ; greatest breadth, 98 mm. ; thickness,
58 mm. ; full dimensions were : length about 200 mm. and
breadth 100 mm. ; thickness of the paratype is 66 mm.

Type: No. 324,593 (U. S. Nat. Mus.) from locality 3922,
(U. S. Geol. Surv.). One paratype from the same place bears
the same number. Both specimens are imperfect and little
better than internal casts. A cast of the type is preserved as
No. 1839 (C.A.S. Coll.).

This species is unlike any other from west coast Tertiary
and appears to resemble P. calooscensis Dall" from the Florida

"Ter. Faun. Fla., Vol. 3. pt. 4, 1898, p. 660, pi. 26, fig. 4.

Vol. XIV) HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 477

Pliocene in a general way. The resemblance, however, is only
in structure and not in form because that species has an apical
angle of only about 18°. It is closer to P. latrania, new
species, from the Imperial County deposits than any other
known to the writer.

The species is named for Mr. W. C. Mendenhall, who, with
Dr. Stephen Bowers, collected the type material and who very
kindly gave nie much infonnation relative to the occurrence
of fossils.

61. Spondylus calcifer Carpenter

In the collections of fossils from Coyote Mountain, there
are several specimens which do not appear to differ from this
living species of the Gulf of California. Two are from Loc.
3923 (U.S.G.S.); one from Loc. 53 (2064) (U.C.) ; and
one from locality 685 (C.A.S.). Not any of these, however,
has reached the ponderous size which is attained by some living
examples of the sp>ecies. Consequently they have been com-
pared with the young of calcifer. All are more or less imper-
fect. The best is from the first locality mentioned and it has
been figured. It is seen to be very irregularly spinose; con-
centric sculpture is almost absent; the beak is very high and
the ligamentary canal continuous to the apex.

I have seen 12 names which have been applied to west coast
Spondylidae, and there may be others. Most of these, how-
ever, have been applied to various and sundry modifications of
the forms known as pictorum and limhatus, no representa-
tives of which appear in the fossil beds at the head of the
Gulf.

62. Spondylus bostrychites Guppy

Plate 24, figures 3, 4

Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, Proc. Sci. Soc. Trinidad, p. 176, 1867—
Gabb, Geol. Santo Domingo, 1873, p. 257— Dall, Tert. Faun. Fla.,
Vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898, p. 758— Dall, Bull. 90, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1915, p.
124, pi. 19, fig. 4— Maury, Bull. 29, Am. Paleo., 1917, p. 190, pi. 32,
fig. 4.

This species, first described as 6". hifrons in 1849,^* was not
figured until 1915, and then very imperfectly. No one has

'« Sowerby, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 6, 1849. p. 53.

478 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IPaoc. 4th Sfi«.

shown the hinge area although Sowerby stated in his original
description; that it is "easily distinguishable by the area of one
valve being very narrow and that of the other valve being-
rather broader, though still narrow." Both Gabb's and
Guppy's mention of the species bostrychites are in publications
which are very inaccessible and no one has thus far given a
description of the species, since those authors wrote. Identi-
fication would have probably been impossible had it not been
for the fact that our specimens were compared directly, with
Guppy's type of bostrychites and other material in the National
Museum. This was done through the kindness of Mr. W. C.
Mansfield.

Giippy's type was a young individual similar to the one
Maury) has figured. Ball's figure is of an older example, but
neither of them shows the minute sculpture which appears to
be characteristic ; at any rate, it is present on the type and
others.

At Loc. 738 (U.C.) and also at Loc. 685 (C.A.S.) a speci-
men was secured. The former is the more i)erfect and has
been figured. The spines are arranged in five radial rows, but
they have been broken away so that their length cannot be
compared with those of bostrychites. In the intervening spaces,
there are from five to nine smaller radial ridges which become
slightly spinose toward the outer margin of the shell. These
are irregular in size. The surface is marked by very small,
wavy, concentric lines which are broken into many papillae,
particularly toward the center of the shell. The) hinge area is
slightly heavier than in the specimens from Santo Domingo
which were compared, but this is a variable character in the
genus. The ligamentary groove extends to the apex. Apex
not elevated or spiral. Valves of about equal size and con-
vexity. In the latter respect the species differs from 6". scotti
Brown & Pilsbry" and the larger species which they did not
figure and therefore cannot be recognized.

The specimen figured, although somewhat broken, measures
86 mm. in a line parallel to the hinge, and 99 mm, high. The
larger specimen measures 115 mm. by 125 mm. but it likewise
is imperfect. If perfect, the latter dimension would be in-
creased by about 10 mm.

"Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi!a.. 1912, p. 514, pi. 25, figs. I, 2.

Vol. XIV)

HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS

479

63. Tagelus californianus Conrad

A single specimen of Tagelus was obtained at Loc. 6847
(U.S.G.S.). It does not dififer from specimens of the above
species which is exceedingly common in the Gulf of California.
It measures: length, 55 mm. ; height in center. 22.3 mm. ; thick-
ness as preserved, 13.5 mm.

ECHINODERMATA

64. Clypcaster bowersi Weaver

Specimens examined

I^ocality Collection Number

680 C.A.S. 2

682 C.A.S. 1

701 C.A.S. 2

3919 U.S.G.S. 1

3922 U.S.G.S. 2

39^1 U.S.G.S. 2

This huge species was described from deposits on Coyote
Mountain, and there it is very abundant. The writer does not
feel competent to pass judgment upon its validity, but with
probably better living material from the Gulf of California
available foil comparison than has heretofore been gathered
together in a western museum, it seems exceedingly doubtful
if the fossils are reallv distinct.

65. Clypeaster deserti Kew

Specimens examined
I.-ocality
680
3919

No living species comparable to this was' collected in the
Gulf of California in 1921 by the Academy and it is not known
if there be one there.

Collection

Number

CA.S.

2

U.S.G.S.

1

Locality

680

3919

3922

66. Encope tenuis Kew

Specimens examined

Collection
CA.S.
U.S.G.S.
U.S.G.S.

Number
6
2
2

'C^^

/.

4g0 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paac. 4th Ser.

67. Hippnoe calif omica Kew

One well-preserved specimen from Loc. 3922 (U.S.G.S.) is
somewhat crushed, but it is the best preserved representative
of the species in existence so far as the writer knows. It cer-
tainly is better than the one which Kew used for a type and
which also came from Coyote Mountain deposits.

68. Metalia spatagus ( ?) Linnaeus
Plate 24, figure 1

Metalia maculosa Agassiz, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 3, 1872, pp. 144,

598, pis. 21b, 26, 38.
Metalia spatagus Linn^us, Clark, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 46,

No. 2, p. 210.

This identification of the single specimen of spatangoid
echinoderm from locality 3919 (U. S. Geol, Surv.) is attended
with some doubt because of poor preservation. The specimen
is small; length, 32 mm. ; width, 25 mm. ; height, 15.6 mm. It
is so eroded that none of the markings or plates remains but
resembles in shape some specimens of Metalia spatangiis from
the Gulf; of California. The lateral petals of the fossil are
somewhat decumbent and may be the mark of a new species,
but the writer is not sufficiently acquainted with the group to
venture a description on such fragmentary material. Kew has
recorded no species of the group from Coyote Mountain and
apparently this is the first and only specimen that has been
found there. One would naturally expect such forms as
Meoma grancUs, but thus far they have not been found.

Corals

The coral fauna of the Coyote Mountain district is exceed-
ingly interesting and has been thoroughly studied by Dr. T, W.
Vaughan. No less than 12 named fonns are found in the
various reefs. The locality is remarkable in being the north-
ernmost representation of the groups in west American Ter-
tiary, Quaternary, or Recent faunas. At the present time, reef
building corals are not abundant on the west coast north of

Vol. XIV] HANN A -COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 481

the Tres Marias Islands, althoug^h this scarcity may, in part,
be due to imperfect exploration about the islands of the Gulf
of California. Some fine specimens, stated to have come from
there were on display at the interstate exhibition held in
Mazatlan, Sonora, in 1925.

69. Dichocoenia merriami (Vaughan)

Favia merriami Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog. 39, 1900, p. 142, pL
15, figs. 5, 5a-c.— NoMLAND, Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol., Vol. 9, 1916,
p. 60.

Dichocania merriami Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof Ppr. 98, 1917,
p. 370, pi. 94, figs. 1. la.

70. Dichoccenia merriami crassisepta Vaughan

Dichocoenia merriami crassisepta Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.
98, 1917, p. 371, pi. 94, figs. 3, 3a.

71. Eusmilia solida (Nomland)

Madripora solida Nomland, Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol., Vol. 9, 1916, p. 60.
Eusmilia carrizensis Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. No. 98,
1917, p. 369, pi. 95, figs. 1, la.

Dr. T. W. Vaughan told me on January 18, 1922, his species
should be referred to the name selected by Mr. Nomland.

72. Maeandra bowersi (Vaughan)

Diploria bozversi Vaughan [nomen nudum] U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.
47, 1906, p. 22.

M(£andra bowersi Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, 1917, p. 374,
pi. 101, figs. 1, la.

73. Porites carrizensis Vaughan

Porites carrizensis Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, 1917, p. 375,
pi. 102, figs. 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 6a.

4g2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

74. Siderastrea califomica Vaughan

Siderastrea califomica Vaughan [nomen nudum] U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof.
Ppr. 47, 1906, p. 22.— Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98,
1917, p. 375, pi. 102, figs. 2, 2a, 3, 4.

75. Siderastrea mendenhaJli Vaughan

Siderastrea ntendenhalli Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, 1917,
p. 374, pi. 101. figs. 3, 3a, 4.

76. Siderastrea mendenhalli minor Vaughan

Siderastrea mendcnhaUi minor Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.
98, 1917, p. 375, pi. 102, fig. 1.

77. Solenastrea fairbanksi (Vaughan)

Stephanocania fairbanksi Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog. 39, 1900,

p. 151, pi. 17, figs. 11, 11a. — Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.

47, 1906, p. 22.— NoMLAND, Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol., Vol. 9, 1916,

p. 60.
Flesiastrca calif arnica Vaughan [nomen nudum], U. S. Geol. Surv.

Prof. Ppr. 47, 1906, p. 22.

Solenastrea fairbanksi Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr. 98, 1917,
p. 372, pi. 95, figs. 3, 3a.

7'i^. Solenastrea fairbanksi columnaris (Vaughan)

Stephanoccenia fairbanksi columnaris Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Monog.

39, 1900, p. 151, pi. 17, figs. 10, 10a.— Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Survey,

Prof. Ppr. 47, 1906, p. 22.— Nomland Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol., Vol.

9, 1916, p. 60.
Solenastrea fairbanksi columnaris Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof.

Ppr. 98, 1917, p. 373, pi. 96, figs. 1, la.

79. Solenastrea fairbanksi minor Vaughan

Solenastrea fairbanksi minor Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.
98, 1917, p. 373, pi. 97, figs. 2, 2a-2c

Vol. XI\-] HANNA— COYOTE MOUNTAIN FOSSILS 483

80. Solenastrea fairbanksi normalis Vaughan

Solciiasfrca fairbankxi normalis Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Ppr.
98, 1917, p. 2>7i, pi. 96, figs. 2, 2a-2c, pi. 97, figs. 1, la.

Fishes

81. Carcharodon arnoldi Jordan

Plate 23, figure 7

A well-preserved tooth of this shark was found at Loc.
3922 (U.S.G.S.) (No. 324542 U.S.N.M.). A cast of it is
preserved as No. 1842 (C.A.S. Coll.). The identification was
made by Harold Hannibal when the paper by Dr. Jordan and
him was in preparation."

"See Bull. So. Calif. .\cad. Sci., Vol. 22, pi. 2, July 1923, p. 55, for the record of
the species in "Carrizo Creek."

434 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 20

Figs. 1, 2. Solcnosteira anomala (Reeve). Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.); cast

of plesiotype, No. 1808 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 3, 4. Cancellaria obcsa Sowerby. Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.); casts

of plesiotypes, Nos. 1797 and 1798 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 5, 6. Architectonica quadriceps (Hinds). Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.);

cast of plesiotype, No. 1795 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 7. Stromhtis ohliteratus Hanna, n. sp. Type No. 1809 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 682.

Fig. 8. Cassis subtuberosa Hanna, n. sp. Paratype from Loc, 7v38

(U.C. Coll.); cast of same. No. 1800 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig9. Bullaria striata (Bruguiere). Plesiotype, No. 1796 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 682.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNAJ Plate 20

' ^/

486 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 21

Figs. 1,2. 3. TurritcUa iiiipcrialis Hanna, n. sp. Type and paratypes,
Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.) : casts of same. Nos. 1811 and 1812
(C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 4, 5. Olha spicata (Bolten). Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.); casts of

plesiotypes, Nos. 1806 and 1807 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 6, 7. Conns fergusoni Sowerby. Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.); casts of

plesiotypes, Nos. 1801. 1802 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 8. Conns rcgularis Sowerby. Plesiotype, No. 1803 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 682.

Fig. 9. Ficiis dccussata (Wood). Plesiotype, No. 1804 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 682.

Fig. 10. Malca ringcns Swainson. Plesiotype, No. 1805 (C..\.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 682.

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNAJ Plate 21

March 23, 1926

^gg CAIJUORXIA ACADEMY OF SCitlSCES [Proc. 4th Si£R.

Plate 22

Figs. 1,2, 3. Pcctcn sancii-ludovici Anderson & Martin. Figs. 1, 3

from plesiotypes, Nos. 1834, 1835 (C.A.S. Coll.), from

Log. 681. Fig. 2 from plesiotype in U. C. Coll., from
Loc. 55 (738).

Figs. 4, 5. Tercbra gausapata Brown & Pilsbry. Plesiotype from

Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1810 (C.A.S.
Coll.).

Fig. 6. Pcctcn iiicciiacosfntits Hanna, n. sp. Paratype, No. 1831

(C.A.S. Coll.), from Loc. 681.

Figs. 7, 8. Ostrca liccninunii Conrad. Plesiotype, No. 1825 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 693.

PROC. CAL ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNA] Plate 22

9^ %i

i

%

490

CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCBS [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 23

Figs. 1,2. Ostrca hccnnauni Conrad. Plesiotype, No. 1826 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 693.

Figs. 3, 4, 5. Aiioniia sitbcostaia Conrad. Plesiotypes, Nos. 1813, 1814,
1815 (C.A.S. Coll.), from Loc. 684.

Fig. 6. Metis cxcavata Sowerby. Plesiotype from Loc. 738 (U.C.

Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1841 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 7. Carcharodoii arnoldi Jordan. Plesiotype, No. 324,542

(U.S.N.M. Coll.) ; cast of same. No. 1842 (C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

■^k

[HANNA] Plate 23

'^^

J^'^
<^''i

^'

s

m

t-^.

^PL

r

^

492 CALIfORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Ser.

Plate 24

Fig. 1. Mcialia spatagus? (Linnjeus). Plesiotype, No. 324.541

(U.S.N. M. Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1822 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 2. Pcctcn mcdiacostatus Hanna, n. sp. Type, No. 1830 (C.A.S.

Coll.), from Loc. 681.

Figs. 3, 4. Spu)idylus bostrych'iics Guppy. Plesiotype from Loc. 7i%

(U.C. Coll.); cast of same, No. 1840 (C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNA] Plate 24

IT -s^*.'

494 CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TPkoc. 4th Ser.

Plate 25

Figs. 1, 2, 3. Pcctcti dcscrti Conrad. Plesiotype from Loc. 738 (U.C.
Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1844 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 4, 5. Pcctcn iiiendciihalli Arnold. Plesiotype from Loc. 2064

(U.C. Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1833 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 6. Pcctcn suhiiodosiis Sowcrby. Plesiotype from Loc. 738

(U.C. Coll.) ; cast of same. No. 1829 (C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNAl Plate 25

.if-tj^.

496 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Plate 26

Figs. 1,2, 3. Ostrca 2'cspcrtina Conrad. Plesiotype, from Loc. 738 (U.C.
Coll.); cast of same, No. 1827 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Ostrca iridcsccns Gray. Plesiotypes, Nos. 1823, 1824, from
Loc. 692 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 8, 9. DivariccUa cbiinica (Reeve). Plesiotype, from Loc. 738

(U.C. Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1820 (C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNAl Plate 25

/

{

>N.

<\

7^'

6

49g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIHNCHS | 1'roc. 4th Ser.

Plate 27

Fig. 1. Pinna latrania Haniia, n. sp. Type, No. 324,593 (U. C. Nat.

Mus. Coll.), from Loc. 3922 (U.S.G.S.) ; cast of same,
No. 1827 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 2. P'unia mcudcuJiaUi Hanna, n. sp. Type, No. 324,593 (U. S.

Nat. Mus. Coll.), from Loc. 3922 (U.S.G.S.) ; cast of
same. No. 1839 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 3, 4. Atrina stephcnsi Hanna, n. sp. Type in San Diego Society

of Natural History from Coyote Mountain, Imperial
County, California; cast of same, No. 1816 (C.A.S.
Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No 18

[HANNA] Plate 27

5f;0 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIBNCES IProc. 4th Si;r.

Plate 28

Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. Crassatcllitcs sitbgibbosiis Hanna, n. sp. Figs. 1, 2, from
paratypes, from Loc. 738 (U.C. Coll.) ; casts of same,
No. 1819 (C.A.S. Coll.) ; figs. 3, 4, from type, No. 1818
(C.A.S. Coll.), from Loc. 682.

Figs. S, 6. Banica costata (Linnseus). Plesiotype, No. 324,575 (U. S.

Nat. Mus. Coll.). from Loc. 6847 (U.S.G.S.) ; cast of
same. No. 1817 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Fig. 7. Phacoidcs xantusi Dall. Plesiotype, from Loc. 738 (U.C.

Coll.) ; cast of same, No. 1836 (C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

HANNAl Plate 28

502 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Skr.

Plate 29

Fig. 1. Phacoidcs xaiitiisi Dall. Plesiotype from Loc. 738 (U.C.

Coll.); cast of same, No. 1836 (C.A.S. Coll.).

Figs. 1, 2. Cassis siibtiibcrosiis Hanna, n. sp. Type from Loc. 738

(U.C. Coll) ; cast of same, No. 1799 C.A.S. Coll.).

PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XIV, No. 18

[HANNA] Plate 29

^2,7

■>j.

• <11

^ -^^Jli

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, Nos. 19 and 20, pp. 505-566 _ April 28, 1926

XIX

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY

FOR THE YEAR 1925

BY

C. E. GRUNSKY
President of the Academy

It is with pleasure and satisfaction that your President again
calls attention in this Annual Report to progress made and to
work done by the Academy, through its staff of scientists and
their assistants, during the year 1925.

There has been but slight change in membership which now
stands at 1099. The accession of new members and losses are
shown in the following analysis :

Members on January 1, 1925 1107

New members, during 1925 77

Total 1 184

Deceased in 1925 16

Resigned 15

Dropped for non-payment of dues 54

Total 85

Members on January 1, 1925 1099

April 28, 1926

506 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FProc. 4th Ser.

The membership consists of :

Patrons 16

Honorary members 23

Life members 87

Fellows 23

Members 950

Total 1099

The Academy carries on its list of patrons the following
names :

Living

Mr. George C Beckley Mr. A. Kingsley Macomber

Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. Mr. John W. Mailliard

Mr. William B. Bourn Mr. Joseph Mailliard

Mr. William H. Crocker Mr. M. Hall McAllister

Mr. Peter F. Dunne Mr. Ogden Mills

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann Mr. William C. Van Antwerp

Mr. Herbert Fleishhacker Mr. Edward P. Van Duzee

Mr. Joseph D. Grant Dr. E. C. Van Dyke

Deceased

Mr. William Alvord Mr. James Lick

Mr. Charles Crocker Mr. Alexander F. Morrison

Mr. John W. Hendrie Mr. Amariah Pierce

Mr. Henry M. Holbrook Mr. Ignatz Steinhart

Mrs. Charlotte Hosmer Dr. John Van Denburgh

The following list of members deceased during the year in-
cludes a number of those who have been active at one time or
another in the Academy or wlio have in other ways than giving
of their time aided the Academy in its scientific work. Mr.T. S.
Brandegee and Miss Catherine Hittell are notable in this class
and will be kept in grateful memory by all who knew them.
And then there are many whose prominence among their
fellow-men and whose friendly good will and active coopera-
tion have been of material assistance to the Academy. I need
mention only such names as Mr. John A. Hooper, Mr. M. H.
de Young, Mr. I. H. Morse, and others. It was with particu-
lar regret that news of the passing of Prof. Jose M. Gallegos
in September, 1925, was received so soon after his participa-

Vol. XIV] GRUNSKY— PRESIDENT'S REPORT FOR 19^5 507

tion as a scientist delegated by Mexico in the Academy's Re-
villagig"edo expedition.

Deceased

Mr. George H. Anderson Member September 12, 1925

Mr. T. S. Brandegee Life April 8, 1925

Mr. John I. Carlson Member January 10, 1925

Mr. Walter E. Dean Life July 13, 1925

Mr. M. H. de Young Member February 15, 1925

Mr. Kimball G. Easton Member March 22, 1925

Prof. Jose M. Gallegos Member September 24, 1925

Miss Catherine H. Hittell Member April 18, 1925

Mr. John A. Hooper Member 1925

Mr. Ira Kahn Member September 11, 1925

Miss Gertrude Twyman Member 1925

Sr. Don Manuel Villada Honorary 1925

The following whose deaths occurred on the dates named
are here recorded for the first time :

Dr. Gustav Hambach Member June 20, 1922

Mr. John L. Koster Member December 1, 1923

In the year 1925 eleven free lectures were delivered at the
stated meetings of the Academy, as follows :

January 7 A Naturalist's Visit to northern British Columbia, illus-
trated, by Mr. H. S. Swarth, Curator of Birds, Mu-
seum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California.

March 4 Salt Water Barriers, illustrated, by Dr. C. E. Grunsky,

President California Academy of Sciences.

April 1 Symposium on the proposed Revillagigedos Expedition of

the California Academy of Sciences, participated in by
various members of the Museum staff.

May 6 The Wild Flowers of Western Canada, illustrated with

colored slides, by Mr. W. C. McCalla, Edmonton, Al-
berta, Canada.

June 3 San Francisco during the Seventies, illustrated, by Mr.

Charles B. Turrill, San Francisco, California.

July 1 An Account of the Recent Revillagigedo Islands Expedi-"

tion, illustrated, by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Curator of
the Department of Paleo'ntology, California Academy
of Sciences.

Augusts Flowers of the northern Sierra Nevada, illustrated, by

Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator of Botany, California
Academy of Sciences.

September 2... Fish and Game Protection, illustrated, by Mr. E. R. Zion,
San Francisco, California.

508 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Sek.

October 7 Ears, by Dr. J. Sterling Kingsley, Berkeley, California.

November 4 The Biology of Our Introduced Rats, illustrated, by Mr.

Tracy I. Storer, Assistant Professor of Zoology, Uni-
versity of California.

December 2 Number, by Dr. Rufus L. Green, Professor of Mathema-
tics, Stanford University.

The Sunday afternoon lectures at the Museum building"
were continued throughout the year except during the vacation
months of summer. Despite the inadequacy of the temporary
lecture room, the attendance at these lectures has been satis-
factory. These lectures have included the following :

January 4 The California School System and Teacher Training, by

Dr. Archibald B. Anderson, President, San Francisco
State Teachers' College.

January 11.... The Training of Teachers for the Public Schools, by Dr.
W. W. Kemp, Dean of the School of Education, Uni-
versity of California.

January 18 Answering the Critics of the Public Schools, by Dr. Harry

B. Wilson, Superintendent, Berkeley Public Schools.

January 25 The Aim of High School Education and how we are at-
taining it, by Mr. J. P. Nourse, Principal, Galileo
High School, San Francisco.

February 1 Knowing How and Why, by Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur,

President of Stanford University.

Februarys California's Program of Education, by Hon. Will C

Wood, State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

February 15... Early Spring Flowers of the Bay region, illustrated, by
Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator of Botany, California
Academy of Sciences.

March 1 Why Education in America is Difficult, by Dr. Ellwood

P. Cubberley, Dean of the School of Education, Stan-
ford University.

March 8 The Financial Aspects of Education in California, by Mr.

A. R. Heron, Assistant Superintendent Public Instruc-
tion, Sacramento.

March 15 Peoples of the Philippines, illustrated, by Prof. E. D.

Merrill, Dean of the College of Agriculture, Uni-
versity of California.

March 22 Bird and Animal Friends, illustrated with motion pictures,

by Mr. William L. Finley, expert photographer of
wild animal life and noted naturalist and lecturer; and
Cruising the British Columbia Coast, illustrated with mo-
tion pictures, by Mr. Arthur Newton Pack, Secretary,
American Nature Association and Associate Editor
of Nature Magazine.

Vol. XIV] GRUNSKY—PRESIDEt^T'S REPORT FOR l9^5 509

March 29 G)rals : What they are, what they eat, and how they grow,

illustrated, by Dr. T. Wayland Vaug^an, Director,
Scripps Institution for Biological Research, La JoUa,
California.

April 5 A Glimpse of the State University at work, by Dr. Monroe

E. Deutsch, Dean of the College of Letters and
Science, University of California.

April 12 The Lure of California's National Forests, illustrated, by

Mr. Wallace Hutchinson, United States Forest Serv-
ice, San Francisco.

April 19. .... . .The Life of the Forest, by Dr. E. P. Meinecke, Consulting

Pathologist, United States Forest Service, San
Francisco.

April 26 California's Forest Fire Problem, illustrated, by Mr. Paul

G. Redington, District Forester, United States Forest
Service, San Francisco.

May 3 National Forest Highways and Byways, illustrated, by Mr,

Frank Bonner, United States Forest Service, San
Francisco.

May 10 Conceptions of the Earth as a Whole: Measuring the

Earth and Mapping its Surface, illustrated, by Dr.
George F. McEwen, Oceanographer and Curator of
the Oceanographic Museum, Scripps Institution for
Biological Research, La Jolla, California.

October 4 Travel and Big Game Hunting in East Africa, illustrated,

by Major Norman B. Livermore, San Francisco, Calif.

October 11 The Plants and Animals of Fanning and Washington

Islands, Equatorial Coral Islands of the Pacific, illus-
trated, by Dr. W. B. Herms, Professor of Parasi-
tology, University of California, Berkeley, California.

October 18 Among the Gilbertese Natives of Certain Equatorial Coral

Islands of the Mid-Pacific Ocean, illustrated, by Dr.
W. B. Herms, Professor of Parasitology, University
of California, Berkeley, California.

October 25 The Alps of the King-Kern Divide, illustrated, by Mr,

John J. Mazza, San Francisco, Calif,

November 1 Some Interesting Animals, a chalk talk for the children,

illustrated, by Dr. J. Sterling Kingsley, Berkeley,
California.

Novembers The Biology of Our Introduced Rats, illustrated, by Dr.

Tracy I. Storer, Assistant Professor of Zoology,
University of California.

November 15... The Maori, New Zealand Tourist Resorts and the Pacific
Islands, illustrated, by Mr. F. E. Tomlinson, Official
Publicity Photographer of New Zealand,

November 22. . .The High Sierra from Yosemite to Mount Whitney, illus-
trated, by Air. Francis P. Farquhar, San Francisco,

510 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

November 29. . .Timbuctoo and the Land of the Blacks, illustrated, by Dr.
David P. Barrows, Professor of Political Science,
University of California.

December 6.... The People of Santo Domingo, illustrated, by Mr. M. E.
Beall, Berkeley, California.

December 13... The Largest and Oldest Living Things in the World, in
the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, illus-
trated with stereopticon slides, by Colonel John R.
White, Superintendent Sequoia and General Grant
National Parks.

December 20. . .The Apache Trail, illustrated with stereopticon slides and
motion pictures, by Mr. Harry S. Swarth, Curator of
Birds, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley,
California.

The continued contribution of the Academy to the advance-
ment of science is evidenced by the following list of publica-
tions issued by the Academy in 1925 :

OCCASIONAL PAPERS No. XI — Fauna and Stratigraphic Relations
OF THE Tejon Eocene at the Type Locality in Kern County,
California, by Frank M. Anderson and G. Dallas Hanna.

Vol. XI, 1921 — Index, Title Page and Contents of the Proceedings of
THE California Academy of Sciences for 1921.

Vol. XIII, No. 27, pp. 431-440 — Report of the President of the Academy
for THE Year 1924, by C. E. Grunsky.

Vol. XIII, No. 28, pp. 441-494 — Report of the Director of the Museum
for the Year 1924, by Barton Warren Evermann.

Vol. XIII — Index, Title Page and Contents of the Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences for 1923.

Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 1-35 — Pectens from the Tertiary of Lower Cali-i
fornia, by Leo G. Hertlein.

Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp. 37-75 — Contribution to the Tertiary Paleon-
tology OF Peru, by G. Dallas Hanna and Merle C Israelsky.

Vol. XIV, No. 3, pp. 77-81 — A Note on two of Hyatt's Liassic Am-
monites, by C. H. Crickmay.

Vol. XIV, No. 4, pp. 83-87 — A New Species of Mollusk (DentaUmn
hannai) from Lower California, with Notes on other Forms, by
Fred Baker.

Vol. XIV, No. 5, pp. 89-100 — Contributions to Oriental Herpetology

II. Korea or Chosen, by Joseph R. Slevin.

Vol. XIV, No. 6, pp. 101-103 — Contributions to Oriental Herpetology

III. Russian Asia and Manchuria, by Joseph R. Slevin.

Vol. XIV, No. 7, pp. 105-142 — New North American Spiders, by Ralph

V. Chamberlin.
Vol. XIV, No. 8, pp. 143-169 — Anatomy of Lanx, a Limpet-like Lym-

N.CID Mollusk, by H. Burrington Baker.

Vol. XIV]

GRU.\SKY— PRESIDENT'S REPORT FOR 19^5

511

Vol. XIV, No. 9, pp. 171-173 — Expedition of the California Academy

OF Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921, the phalangida,

by Ralph V. Chamberlin.
Vol. XIV, No. 10, pp. 175-183 — Scellus virago Aldrich (A two-winged

Fly) and two forms closely related to it, by M. C. Van Duzee.
Vol. XIV, No. 11, pp. 185-215 — Bees in the Collection of California

Academy of Sciences, by T. D. A. Cockerell.
Vol. XIV, No. 12, pp. 217-275 — Expedition to Guadalupe Island,

Mexico, in 1922, General Report, by G. Dallas Hanna.
Vol. XIV, No. 13, pp. 277-320 — Expedition to Guadalupe Island,

Mexico, in 1922. the Birds and Mammals, by A. W. Anthony.
Vol. XIV, No. 14, pp. 321-343 — Expedition to Guadalupe Island,

Mexico, in 1922, the Coleoptera, by Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr.
Vol. XIV, No. 15, pp. 345-367 — Anthidiine Bees in the Collection of

the California Academy of Sciences, by T. D. A. Cockerell.
Vol. XIV, No. 16, pp. 369-390 — Studies in the Tenebrionid/E, No. 2,

(Coleoptera), by Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr.
Vol. XIV, No. 17, pp. 391-425 — New Hemiptera from Western North

America, by Edward P. Van Duzee.

The present net income of the Academy, apart from funds
received from San Francisco for the operation and mainten-
ance of the Steinhart Aquarium, is about $80,000. Of this
amount about $10,000 is annually applied to a reduction of in-
debtedness and the rest is expended on scientific research' work
and the upkeep of the Academy's exhibits. Both the Museum
and the Aquarium are open to the public daily without charge.

The wisdom of the arrangement with the lessee of the
Academy's Market Street property made in 1909, according to
which the rent is readjusted frequently, based on reappraisals
of the value of the real estate, is amply demonstrated by the
actual result. There was, as the result of such reappraisal in
1924, an increase in income due to this cause alone of $8,712.
The gross income from this property in the year 1926 is esti-
mated at $92,097 from which, to determine net income (with-
out allowance for depreciation), there should be deducted
$12,925, the interest on the unpaid balance of the loan secured
by this property which now stands at $235,000, it having been
reduced $15,000 in the past year.

The Academy has received a number of valuable bequests
and donations during the year which include the bequest of
the late Henry M. Holbrook, preliminarily noted in last year's
report of the President, of a notable collection of moths and

512 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc. 4th Ser.

butterflies together with $2,000 for the installation of this col-
lection. A very handsome and instructive exhibit has resulted.

Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell (under date of Aug. 22, 1925) pre-
sented to the Academy his collection of over 100,000 speci-
mens of Coleoptera. This donation of great scientific value
has followed closely that made by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke in
December, 1924, which, as noted in last year's report, is also
estimated at over 100,000 specimens.

Mr. Edward P. Van Duzee, Curator of Entomology, under
date of August 4. 1925, presented to the Academy his collec-
tion of more than 30,000 specimens of Hemiptera. This col-
lection probably excels any other collection of this order in
this country.

In grateful recognition of these valuable donations Dr.
Edward C. Van Dyke, Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell and Mr.
Edward P. Van Duzee are now classed as Patrons of the
Academy,

Another important contribution to the material in the De-
partment of Entomology was made by John E. Carey in Janu-
ary, 1925. This consists of 500 specimens of Lepidoptera col-
lected in Panama.

Mr. Ogden Mills has added $1000 to sums previously con-
tributed in order that the setting of the Grizzly Bear habitat
group might be improved. The rearrangement of this group
is now in progress. — the work being done with funds contrib-
uted by Mr. Mills.

The most notable scientific activity of the Academy during
the past year was an expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands,
of which a detailed account is presented in the report of the
Director of the Museum. Thanks to the interest of the Secre-
tary of the Navy, Curtis D. Wilbur, the cooperation and assist-
ance of the United States Navy Department was secured and
the U. S. mine sweeper Ortolan was detailed to convey the
scientists to and from the islands. Sailing on April 15, 1925,
each of the islands in the group was visited and the expedition
returned on June 12, bringing much new information and
valuable collections which will be studied with publication of
results in due course.

The Library continues to grow. Many new accessions of
valuable publications and occasional rare editions of scientific

Vol. XIV] GRUNSKY—PRESlDEh'TS REPORT FOR 1925 5I3

books have been made possible by a somewhat larger allot-
ment of funds for the purpose than usually available.

The Steinhart Aquarium has been operated with scrupulous
adherence to the requirement that expenditure be kept within
the amounts of funds allotted by the City and County of San
Francisco for its operation. The Academy has exercised great
care in keeping its requests for funds as low as compatible
with efficient management. Nevertheless, the allotted funds
have been somewhat below the actual needs, with the result
that there has had to be some curtailing of the program of
collecting specimens. The continued popularity of the Aqua-
rium evidenced by large attendance is gratifying proof of its
value as an educational adjunct to the Academy and as a source
of much pleasure and benefit to multitudes of people.

The Academy, through a Committee under the leadership
of Mr. M. Hall McAllister, continues, among other activities,
its cooperation with other organizations in the preservation of
wild life. In this matter, as in any others related to the natural
sciences, the Academy is at all times ready to act as trustee and
would be only too glad to be placed in command of facilities
that would permit large increase of its activities.

The need for more space for the research work of the cura-
tors and their assistants and for natural history exhibits, and
the need of an adequate auditorium, grows more pressing
from day to day. Year after year in our annual reports at-
tention has been called to this pressing requirement to permit
the Academy to function properly. Aside from a small annual
sinking fund (about $10,000) which is being applied to a re-
duction of the indebtedness which was incurred when the
Academy's Market Street property was improved by the erec-
tion of a modern 10-story office building, all of the Academy's
income is expended in research work and in maintaining and
adding to its research collections and exhibits. The public is,
perhaps, not as fully advised of the contributions which the
Academy has made to the advancement of science as it should
be. The results of studies along lines of natural history do
not as a rule lend themselves to spectacular display. The
hardworking entomolgist, ornithologist, botanist, herpetolo-
gist, paleontologist, ichthyologist, as the case may be, is con-
tent to find the results of his studies made of record in printed

514 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

form for the use and benefit of mankind. His is the satisfac-
tion in the doing and in the knowledge that in some measure he
has broadened the foundation on which civiHzation rests. The
great mass of the people, however, do not see what is being so
laboriously and so well done on most slender means.

As this year marks the tenth anniversary of the completion
and opening of the first unit of the Academy's museum build-
ing in Golden Gate Park, it will be fitting to review briefly the
activities of the Academy during this decade with the hope
that the further financial assistance for increased activity and
usefulness may not be too long deferred.

Before presenting this condensed review, a word may not
be out of place in appreciation of the generous endowments
and bequests which have made the Academy's activities possi-
ble. These are small in the aggregate compared with some of
the munificent endowments of similar institutions and colleges
of learning on the Atlantic Coast and in the Middle West.
There is to be noted, for example, the recent Munsey bequest
of some $20,000,000 to the Metropolitan Museum of Art at
New York ; the $2,000,000 gift by Mr. J. G. Shedd of Chicago
for an aquarium; $1,000,000 endowment by Henry T. Towne
of New York for a Museum of Peaceful Arts ; Julius Rosen-
wald's $1,000,000 toward the establishment of an Industrial
Museum ; and the Wilson Catherwood bequest of $250,000 to
the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, besides more than
$70,000,000 in recent years which have been placed at the dis-
posal of universities or to be used in establishing new institu-
tions of learning.

The endowments and bequests have, like all similar provi-
sions for repositories of knowledge and for research, helped
not alone to make for the progress of mankind, but, also, to
establish that balance so essential from the economic stand-
point between the producing class and the non-producers or
consumers, which is every country's safeguard of continued
and dependable prosperity. It is obvious that practically all
outgo for scientific research gets into local circulation. It
goes for the necessities of life, for food, shelter, clothing, edu-
cation, recreation, transportation and what not. It goes from
hand to hand at least 12 times in a year. Our little budget,
for example, of $75,000 to $80,000 will probably account for

Vol. XIV] GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT'S REPORT FOR 192$ 515

nearly $1,000,000 of business annually within California, to
the advantage of both middleman and producer. From the
economic standpoint, therefore, the liberal endowment of such
institutions as this Academy is amply justified and no more
appropriate outlet for large accumulations of wealth than in
the making of such endowments and bequests to worthy in-
stitutions could possibly be found.

The first large scale aid came to the Academy from James
Lick, to whom it is indebted for the Market Street lot between
Fourth and Fifth Streets now worth over $800,000, the build-
ing on which produces a net annual return of about $75,000.

Next in the order of magnitude is the Ignatz Steinhart be-
quest of $250,000 for the Aquarium, to whose popularity a
phenominally large list of visitors bears ample and gratifying
testimony.

Then there is a fund of $20,000 contributed by Charles
Crocker to aid in compensating those engaged in scientific
studies; $5,000 contributed by Wm. Alvord for use by the
Department of Botany and a $10,000 bequest by John W.
Hendrie to assist in publishing papers on scientific subjects,
besides a large number of donations for the installation of
habitat groups and other exhibits ranging in amount from $50
to over $8,000, but which amount in the aggregate to more
than $40,000.

Among the valuable collections which have enriched the
Academy's stock of material in its various departments are the
following:

Collections donated or bequeathed

Hemphill Collection (shells)

John W. and Joseph Mailliard Collection (ornithological and

oological)
Kleeberger Collection (botanical)

E. C. Van Dyke Collection (entomological)

F. E. Blaisdell Collection (entomological)
E. P. Van Duzee Collection (entomological)
\V. G. Wright Collection (entomological)

W. Otto Emerson Collection (ornithological)

John Van Denburgh Collection (ornithological and oological)

John Van Denburgh (library)

L. S. Smith (library)

Barton W. Evermann (library)

516 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Seb.

Collections purchased znnth contributed funds

Edward H. Taylor (herpetological)
Prager Collection (botanical)

And now as to a summary of what has been accomplished
in these recent years :

1 . The first unit of the museum building of the Academy in
Golden Gate Park was completed and dedicated in 1916.

2. The Steinhart Aquarium as an adjunct of the Academy's
building's in Golden Gate Park was completed and opened to
the public in 1923.

3. The available 18 large-size alcoves (17 in the museum
building and one in the aquarium) have been filled with high
class exhibits of birds and mammals in natural environment.

4. The research collections of material in the several de-
partments have made steady and in some departments phe-
nomenal growth, so that, despite the almost complete loss of
material in the fire of 1906, these collections are now quite
notable as will appear from the following brief summary.

The Botanical Department of the California Academy of
Sciences was not reestablished until 1912. From the nucleus
of types saved from the great fire, the collection has grown so
as to fill 81 cases, 31 of which on account of restricted space
have had to be placed in the hall of the research wing of the
Museum Building adjoining the Botanical Department. There
are now 138,432 specimens in the herbarium, mounted, num-
bered and stamped. It is the most cosmopolitan collection on the
Pacific Coast and is unsurpassed in its collection of the exotics
which are cultivated out of doors in California and which
represent plants from all parts of the world. It is considered
the Pacific Coast authority on these plants and is constantly
consulted. The herbarium is also rich in Alaskan and Yukon
plants and probably has the best collection on the Pacific
Coast. Our Californian collection is fairly complete though
still surpassed by collections in other herbariums of the Pacific
Coast which have had much longer time in which to accumu-
late material and which have had many more collectors.

Valuable additions have been made by exchange with some
of the large herbariums of the world. The Royal Herbarium

Vol. XIV] GRUNSKY— PRESIDENT'S REPORT FOR i9^5 Sl7

at Kew, England; the National Herbarium at Washington;
the Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass. ; the Arnold Arbore-
tum, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; and the New York Botanical
Garden have all been most generous in making exchanges.

The greatest donation was that of the Prager Herbarium,
which was purchased in 1921 through the generosity of Wm.
H. Crocker, Wm. F. Herrin, A. F. Morrison, J. C. Augsbury,
J. D. Grant, Wm. M. Fitzhugh and Wm. C. Van Antwerp.
This was one of the largest private herbariums in Germany
and added about 26,000 species and over 50,000 specimens to
the Academy's herbarium. This collection is especially rich in
Australian, South African, Asia Minor and Arctic and
European species and contains many paratypes.

Doctors Fred and Charlotte Baker donated a valuable col-
lection which they made in Japan and China. Professor R.
Kleeberger donated his herbarium, which included his own
collections made in Connecticut and also a set of the Kellogg
and Harford collections made in California in the 1860's.
Mrs. Abbott gave the Academy her deceased husband's collec-
tion known as the Dr. E. K. Abbott collection. It is rich in
specimens from Monterey County, also in a collection from
France made many years ago in the region memorable as the
chief seat of the world war. Valuable collections from Chile
and from China have been secured by purchase. The specimens
collected on the various expeditions elsewhere noted have
added many species to the collection besides furnishing valu-
able material for exchange.

The Academy's paleontological collection was entirely de-
stroyed in 1906. It has since then been restored to greater
size. The specimens run into millions. Invertebrate paleon-
tology of western North America is better represented in the
Academy's collection than anywhere else. Much comparative
material is in the collection obtained from many typical locali-
ties elsewhere in the world. The collection of organic shales,
which have a definite relation to the pretroleum industry, is
by far the largest in existence. In the collection of type ma-
terial the number of catalogued specimens of various kinds
now exceeds 2000. The growth of the entire paleontological col-

518 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

lection is reported by the Curator to have made a phenomenal
growth in the last ten years. Because of inadequate space in
the main laboratory it has been necessary to store tem[X)rarily
many hundreds of thousands of specimens in the almost inac-
cessible basement of the Museum building.

The Academy's ornithological collection is l^est developed in
marine birds, shore birds and ducks and geese. The specimens
of birds in the collection (skins, skeletons and alcoholics) now
number 39,425. The sets of eggs number 8,991. The im-
portant accessions are as follow :

Birds

Galapagos Exhibition, 1905-6, 8688 skins.

Dr. Louis B. Bishop, April 6, 1907, 369 skins (gift).

California Fish and Game Commission, April 4, 1908, 102 skins (gift).

Mr. Theodore J. Hoover, August 13, 1909, 1121 specimens (gift).

Mrs. Alice Locke, Sept. 23, 1911, 263 specimens (purchase).

Emerson Collection (W. H. Crocker), September 16. 1920, 706 speci-
mens (gift).

Emerson Collection (John W. Mailliard), September 16, 1920, 1110
specimens (gift).

Mailliard Collection (J. & J. W. Mailliard), 10,785 specimens, 1919

(gift).

Gulf of California Expedition, 1921, 25 specimens (exploration).

Lower California Expedition, 1922, 126 specimens (exploration).

Revillagigedos Expedition, 1925, 534 specimens (exploration).

Mr. J. August Kusche, June 21, 1921, 152 specimens from Australia
and the Solomon Islands (purchase).

Mr. C. J. Wilson, December 15, 1922, 81 specimens from the Malay-
Peninsula (gift).

Eggs

Mailliard Collection (Gift of J. & J. W. Mailliard). 1919, 3,270 sets.

Galapagos Expedition, 1905-06, 818 sets (exploration).

Gulf of California Expedition, 1921, 511 set (exploration).

Revillagigedos Expedition, 1925, 59 sets (exploration).

Dr. John Van Denburgh (through Mr. Douglas Van Denburgh).
November 6, 1924, 1311 sets and 16 nests (gift). Of particular
value because of the 29 sets of Golden Eagle.

Dr. Harry R. Painlon, December 8, 1924, 386 sets (gift).

The Academy possesses 1 egg of California Vulture (value $750) ;
1 egg of Black Swift (value $75) ; and a fine series of the eggs
of the Elegant Tern and Aleutian Sandpiper. Of the last two the
Academy probably possesses the finest series extant.

Dr. G. Dallas Hanna (Pril)ilof collections), 769 sets (exploration).

\0L. XIV] GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT'S REPORT FOR rg^S 519

Of Mammals there are in the Academy 5250 si)ecimens
(skins and skulls). Among the principal accessions of these
are to be noted :

W. W. Price Collection, 991 skins, small mammals from Eldorado and

Mono counties ; and Douglas County, Nevada.
H. O. Jenkins Collection, 506, chiefly Monterey and Santa Clara

counties.
Mr. A. K. Macomber, Gorilla from Belgian Congo, July 25, 1924.
Lower California Expedition, 1921, 70 specimens.
Galapagos Expedition, 1905-06, 120 specimens.

During the past ten years the Academy's Department of
Entomology has grown from a small unorganized collection
until it now ranks among the large collections of the country,
containing approximately 500,000 specimens, and, so far as
west American material is concerned, probably takes first rank,
with a very large proportion of its material carefully deter-
mined and well arranged in systematic order and therefore
available for comparison and study. The following valuable
collections, as already noted, have recently been added to the
Academy's material :

The E. C. Van Dyke Collection of over 100,000 specimens. Coleoptera.

The F. E. Blaisdell Collection of over 100,000 specimens. Coleoptera.

The E. P. Van Duzee Collection of over 30,000 specimens. Hemiptera.
John E. Carey Collection of over 900 Lepidoptera.

The Academy's collection of reptiles and amphibians has
been re-built since 1906. It now numbers over 59,000 speci-
mens and is one of the largest in America. The collection of
Galapagos tortoises is the largest and most complete in exist-
ence. The collection from the Pacific Coast is unsurpassed by
any other museum. The oriental collections are large and
valuable.

The Academy's library, too, is notable. This now consists
of an extensive and valuable collection of books, periodicals
and pamphlets on all branches of natural history and related
subjects.

For a fuller understanding of the work which has been ac-
complished by the Academy, reference should be had to its

520 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

publications, of which the enumeration elsewhere in this re-
port of the publications in 1925 gives a fair idea. This report
would become too extended to attempt a review of the pub-
lished material, even though restricted to the last ten years
only.

It is a pleasure to be able thus to present in condensed form
the results of the Academy's activities and it is only necessary
to refer to this summary to show how enthusiastic and able
has been the work of the Academy's curators and their assist-
ants. For them and for the Academy itself let me hope for
further continuous and generous encouragement and support
by the public whom the Academy is endeavoring to serve. To
all who have in any way contributed to the Academy's activi-
ties and successes, it makes grateful acknowledgment.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 521

XX

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FOR THE YEAR 1925

BY

BARTON WARREN EVERMANN
Director of the Museum and of the Aquarium

The annual report of the Director for the year 1924 was
presented to the Academy at the annual meeting, February
18, 1925.

The scientific and educational activities of the Museum were
maintained during the year 1925 in a satisfactory manner.
The members of the scientific staff have been active not only in
adding to the collections in their respective departments but
also in arranging and classifying the collections and in re-
search work.

Personnel

The personnel of the Museum staff has not greatly changed.
Mr. Frank Yale, who had been in the service of the Academy
many years, died March 12, 1925. Miss Margaret Dold, Li-
brary Assistant, resigned May 28 to accept a position in the
Mechanics Institute Library; Frank Ashworth, assistant jani-
tor, left January 8, 1925, and was succeeded by Ralph Borden
January 12, who remained until February 22, when he was
replaced by M. D. Phillips, who remained only a short time
when William E. Nicherson served a few days, when he was
followed by C. A. Bellas June 1 to August 31, Milward Lavin
July 13 to September 4, and Hugh R. Jones September 12.

On July 1, the Department of Fishes was established with
H. Walton Clark as Assistant Curator.

The employes of the Museum on January 1, 1926, were as
follows : Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director and Execu-
tive Curator of the Museum, Editor of the Academy publica-
tions and Director of the Steinhart Aquarium ; W. W. Sar-
geant, Secretary to the Board of Trustees; Miss Susie M.
Peers, Secretary to the Director ; Joseph W. Hobson, Record-
ing Secretary; Mrs. Constance W. Campbell, office assistant,

April 28, 1926

522 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sb».

part time; Raymond L. Smith, office assistant; Miss Mabel
E. Phillips, check-room attendant; Miss Alice Eastwood,
Curator, and Mrs. Kate E. Phelps and Miss Clara Tose, as-
sistants, Department of Botany ; Edward P. Van Duzee, Cura-
tor; Dr. F. R. Cole, Curator in Dipterology; Hartford H.
Keifer, Assistant Curator, and J. O. Martin, temporary as-
sistant. Department of Entomology; H. Walton Clark, As-
sistant Curator, Department of Fishes ; Joseph R. Slevin, As-
sistant Curator, Department of Herpetology ; Dr. G. Dallas
Hanna, Curator; Eric Knight Jordan, Assistant Curator, and
Leo G. Hertlein, temporary assistant, Department of Paleon-
tology; Joseph Mailliard, Curator, and Miss Mary E. Mc-
Lellan, Assistant Curator, Department of Ornithology and
Mammalogy; Dr. Walter K. Fisher, Curator, Department of
Invertebrate Zoology; Frank Tose. Chief Taxidermist, and
James F. Campbell. Russell Hendricks, Chandler Smith. Cecil
Tose, Ralph Keating. Douglas Kelly, and Mrs. A. M. Hill,
student assistants, Department of Exhibits ; Edward P. Van
Duzee, Assistant Librarian ; C. A. Bellas. Library Assistant ;
William C. Lewis, janitor; Hugh Jones, assistant janitor;
Mrs. Johanna E. Wilkens, charwoman; Patrick O'Brien, day
watch; Archie McCarte, night watch.

Accessions to the Museum and Library

The accessions to the museum and library have been, as in
former years, many and valuable. An itemized list is given in
the appendix to this report (pp. 549-559). A few of the more
notable are mentioned in the President's report (p. 516).

Cooperation with Public and Private Schools, with
Other Institutions, and with Individuals

Cooi^eration of the Academy with the schools, other institu-
tions, and individuals continues close and mutually helpful. An
arrangement was made with Mrs. Anna V. Dorris. in
charge of visual instruction in the public schools of Berkeley,
whereby the following portable habitat groups were prepared
for use in the Berkeley public schools: Western Robin.
Western Meadowlark, San Francisco Towhee, California
Shrike, California Woodpecker, Gila Woodpecker, Barn Owl,

Vol. XIV]

EyERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925

523

Marsh Birds, Spring Pocket Mouse, Cliickaree, Golden-
mantled Ground Squirrel, California Ground Squirrel, and
Weasel. These have been in constant use during the year. It
is hoped that other groups may be prepared this year.

Visitors to the Museum in 1925

The total number of visitors to the Museum in the calendar
year 1925 was 553,423, the greatest in the history of the
Museum with the exception of 1924, when it was 646,033.

The number of visitors by months and years since the open-
ing, September 22, 1916, is shown in the following table :

Month 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925

January 23170 25260 17241 27013 25755 19038 15270 32364 34989

February 22058 23698 17586 23450 25679 18534 20529 44439 29295

March 31606 26810 27397 25419 28279 27922 26341 39935 39168

April 32175 23274 25994 32208 24939 36057 21911 41332 40257

May 26154 26391 28369 37107 25517 27237 37597 48152 38137

June 32123 29843 32248 36207 29406 27131 39511 58281 51775

July 37193 31420 48028 52492 43186 36263 64530 91329 69921

August 24619 31137 43730 53470 39422 34787 50849 105130 77847

September . 16448 27866 29847 34007 42013 31458 28408 69870 82814 637i7

October .. 36933 20629 14743 30463 33500 24861 19459 66894 43074 40418

November . 27718 21810 8531 25246 19347 18593 19080 48766 37611 35634

December . 15002 21693 19588 21188 21340 15062 13339 36707 21572 32245

Total... 96101 321096 290542 351497 403566 332157 307255 498775 646033 553423

Total number of visitors since opening, September 16, 1916, has been
3,800,445.

The public and private schools of the state continue to avail
themselves of the educational uses of the Museum and the re-
search collections.

The number of schools visiting the museum is so great that
we cannot print the list, much to our regret. The following
summary must suffice :

Schools of San Francisco :

Total Number Visiting Pupils 5643

Total Number Visiting Teachers 169

Total Number Visiting Classes 184

Schools Outside of San Francisco :

Total Number of Pupils 1373

Total Number of Teachers 48

Total Number of Classes 55

5643

1373

7016

524 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Piioc. 4th Ser.

Museum Activities and Growth

The past year has witnessed commendable activity in each
of the several departments of the Museum. The various cura-
tors and their assistants have shown great zeal and industry
and have made excellent progress in the orderly arrangement
and care of the collections in their charge. The field work was
unusually extensive and productive, as set forth in detail in
the respective departmental reports; mention need be made
here of only a few of the more notable activities.

The U. S. S. Ortolan Expedition of the California Academy
of Sciences to the Revillagigedo Islands was one of the most
important ever sent out by the Academy. Our scientific stafif
for several years had been casting longing eyes toward that
interesting group lying 300 to 600 miles off the Pacific coast
of Mexico. As no very careful study had ever been made of
the fauna and flora of those islands, it was believed that an
expedition to them would yield results of considerable scien-
tific importance and interest and add greatly to the natural
history collections of the Museum.

Upon making our wishes known to the U. S. Navy De-
partment, Secretary Curtis D. Wilbur very generously detailed
the U. S. S. minesweeper Ortolan for the use of the Academy
in making the survey.

The Ortolan outfitted at Mare Island Navy Yard, from
which place she sailed on April 15, with M, M. Nelson, Lieu-
tenant, U. S. Navy, in command.

The Academy was represented by the following: Dr. G.
Dallas Hanna, curator of paleontology, in charge; Mr. Joseph
R. Slevin, assistant curator of herpetology, assistant chief;
Frank Tose, chief taxidermist; Hartford H. Keifer, assistant
curator of entomology ; Eric Knight Jordan, assistant curator
of paleontology ; H. L. Mason, botanist ; John T. Wright, col-
lector in ornithology and mammalogy; Raymond Duheni, offi-
cial photographer.

Upon arriving at San Diego, where the Ortolan stopped to
take on certain supplies, the scientific staff was joined by Pro-
fessor Francisco Contreras, Director Museo Nacional de
Mexico; Dr. Octavio Solis, Director of the Botanical Garden

Vol. XIVJ EVERMANN— DIRECTOR S REPORT FOR I9^s 525

of Chapultepec, Mexico, and Professor Jose Maria Gallegos,
who accompanied the expedition as representatives of the
Mexican government and as guests of the California Academy
of Sciences.

Mention should be made of cooperation with the Scripps
Institution for Biological Research whereby the Academy un-
dertook to secure for the Institution samples of water and
plankton at intervals along the route of travel.

A detailed general report of the expedition will be published
soon.^ The extensive collections obtained have been assigned
for study and report to specialists in the various groups ; their
reports will be published in the Academy's Proceedings. Let
it suffice to say at this time that the Expedition visited each
of the islands of the Revillagigedo group (Clarion, Socorro,
Roca Partida and San Benedicto), also Guadalupe Island to
inspect the elephant seal rookery there, several islands of the
Tres Marias archipelago, and a number of islands and stations
in Lower California were visited en route northward and
valuable collections made at each. This expedition, which re-
turned to San Francisco June 10, is regarded as the most im-
portant and most successful the Academy has ever sent out.

Curator Mailliard of the Department of Ornithology and
Mammalogy carried on field investigations in Siskiyou County,
northern California, in May and June, in Placer County in
June, July and December, and in Modoc County in September
and October which resulted in important additions to our
knowledge of the birds and mammals of those regions.

In September and October Assistant Curator Miss McLellan
carried on investigations in the states of Sinaloa and Mayarit,
Mexico, during which she obtained an excellent series of the
birds of tliat region which will prove of much value in the
study of the collections obtained at the Tres Marias Islands
by the Ortolan expedition.

The growth of the Department of Entomology has been un-
precedented. The additions to the Department's collections
total more than 182,000 specimens. These include the Blais-
dell collection of 100,000 Coleoptera and the Van Duzee col-
lection of 30,000 Hemiptera.

*This report has now been published. See Vol. XV, No. 1, pp. 1-113, of these
Proceedings.

526 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The additions to the collections in the Department of Herpe-
tology numbers 3,253 specimens of reptiles and amphibians.

The Herbarium under Miss Eastwood's able and energetic
management has grown by leaps and bounds and now numbers
more than 138,0CX) sheets of mounted specimens.

The growth of the Department of Paleontology has been no
less notable. The additions to the collections have been many
and important, perhaps the largest being a very large and
valuable series of minerals, fossils, and shells from the Philip-
pines, Java, and Sumatra donated by Dr. Roy E. Dickerson,
for several years the efficient and energetic curator of the
Department.

The Department of Exhibits has been active in the prepara-
tion and installation of new habitat groups, chiefly of the small
panel type, of which the following were completed within the
year: California Woodpecker, Lazuli Bunting, Point Reyes
Mountain Beaver, and Warner Mountain Cony. These are
all excellently done and are very attractive exhibits.

The Library has received a good number of accessions by
gift, exchange and purchase, the total being about 967 volumes
and about 100 pamphlets.

For a number of years no binding was done, but this yeai
1163 volumes were bound at a cost of $1,614.75.

Use of the Academy Library and Coi-lections
BY Investigators and Students

Use of the Academy library and the educational and research
collections in the respective departments increases each year.
While many of our members make use of the library, it is be-
lieved that many others would do so if they realized how well
the library is now supplied with current scientific periodicals,
outing magazines, standard works of reference, and recen:
authoritative publications in the various departments of physi-
cal and biological science. It is hoped that our members may
get in the habit of visiting the library when they desire in-
formation in any department of science which can be found in
our publications. Members and their friends are cordially in-
vited to visit the various department laboratories and collec-
tions when they wish to see any species of animal or plant of

Vol. XIV]

EWERMANN—DI RECTOR'S REPORT FOR 19^5

527

which we have specimens. In some of our tlepartments the
collections are quite extensive and the visitor will probably find
specimens of the particular species he wishes to see.

Troop 20 of the Boy Scouts under Scout Master Harold E.
Hanson, continues to meet weekly in the Academy's Audi-
torium. The Academy is glad to be able to extend this cour-
tesy to the Boy Scouts. Various other organizations have
from time to time held special meetings in our Auditorium.

Conservation of Wild Life

The Committee on the conservation of wild life has been
active during the year. The annual meeting of the Committee
was held February 10, 1926, at which reports of the various
volunteer observers were read. The census of big game ani-
mals in each region where the Academy has an observer, is
as follows :

Mountain Sheep

Inyo Mountains east of Big Pine, Edwin H. Ober, observer. . .42
Riverside and San Bernardino counties, E. L. Hedderly, observer. 72
Mt. San Antonio, Los Angeles G)unty, A. T. Shay, observer. . .18

132

Antelope

Mt. Dome, Siskiyou County and adjacent territory, John O.

Miller, observer 175

Lassen County, W. G. Durbin, observer 26

Fresno County ; no report

Kern County, Los Angeles Refuge, E. L. Hedderly, observer. . .11

212

Valley Elk

Kern County, Miller and Lux herd, L. E. Nance, observer 800

Yosemite Paddock, W. B. Lewis, observer 13

Colusa and Yolo counties, C. Swanson, observer 15

San Luis Obispo County, C. C Rossi, observer 11

Monterey County, C. S. Olmsted, observer 30

Laguna Mountains, San Diego County, Dr. Harry M.

Wegeforth, observer 35

904

i;^ I L I S Ti A

528 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IPaoc. 4th 3b«.

National Park Reports

Yelloivstone National Park, Horace M. Albright, Supt.

Elk: Park, North herd 17,242

Jackson Hole 19,442

36,685

Buffalo : Lamar River 753

Cold Creek 125

878

Antelope 417

Mountain Sheep :

Actual count 195

Estimated 600

795
Moose :

Actual count 170

Estimated 525

695

Mule Deer 1,800

Whitetail Deer 12

Black Bear 200

Grizzly Bear 75

Grand Canyon National Park, J . Ross Eakin, Supt.

Mountain Sheep, estimated 500

Antelope, actual count 9

Deer, estimated 2,720

This does not include the Kaibab herd of deer which con-
tains about 5,000

Zion National Park, Richard T. Evans, Supt.

Mountain Sheep, estimated 100

Mule Deer 500

McKinlcy National Park, Henry P. Karstens, Supt.

Caribou, estimated 30,000

Mountain Sheep 10,000

Grizzly Bear, quite plentiful.
Moose, not common in Park.

\0L. XIV] EVERM ANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 192$ $29

Glacier National Park, Charles J. Kraebel, Supt.

Moose, count 69

Elk, count 567

Deer, Blacktail, count 764

Deer, Whitetail, count 1,311

Mountain Sheep, count 724

Mountain Goat, count 943

Bear, Grizzly, count 51

Bear, Black and Brown, count 76

Crater Lake National Park, Charles Goff Thomson, Supt.

Bear 9

Deer, Blacktail 60

Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, Roger W. Toll, Supt.

Deer, Blacktail, estimated 3,000

Mountain Sheep, estimated 400

Elk, estimated 200

Bear, Black and Brown 35

Rainier National Park, Oiven A. Tomlinson, Supt.

Deer, Blacktail, count 350

Mountain Gk)at, count 250

Bear, Black, count 200

Elk, count 15

M. Hall McAllister, Chairman.

Stein HART Aquarium

The activities of the Aquarium for 1925 are fully covered in
the report of the Superintendent. Let it suffice to say here
that the Aquarium continues to grow in attractiveness and
popular interest. The number of visitors for the year exceeded
one million, including 382 school classes in charge of 350
teachers and containing 9,866 pupils.

The interest which the public takes in the Aquarium is
shown not only by the large number of visitors but in many
other ways; for example, various f>ersons have given to the
Aquarium within the year a total of 728 fishes, turtles, snakes
and other live animals. On the other hand the Aquarium has
given to schools and individuals during the year a total of
1,858 small aquarium fishes and other objects.

530 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser,

The Academy in this way encourages the use of small bal-
anced aquariums in homes and schools.

Aquarium Personnel

A number of changes in the personnel of the Aquarium have
taken place within the year, due chiefly to resignations on
account of the inadequate salaries paid. The employes with
scarcely an exception have been and are efficient and indus-
trious, performing their respective duties with enthusiasm and
pride, but better salaries must be paid if we are to retain the
most efficient.

The present personnel is as follows :

Dr. Barton Warren F^vermann, Director, part time ; W. W. Sargeant,
Secretary, part time ; Susie M. Peers, Secretary to the Director, part time ;
Mrs. Constance W. Campbell, office assistant, part time; Alvin Seale,
Superintendent ; Wallace Adams, Assistant Superintendent ; Herbert
Brandt, collector; Clynt S. Martin, chief engineer; Warren R. Hayes,
assistant engineer ; P. E. Shepherd, assistant engineer ; S. J. Shenefield,
carpenter and general utility man; Charles Brandt, chief attendant; C. E.
Guidry, assistant attendant ; Robert J. Lanier, electrician and assistant
attendant; Patrick O'Neill, janitor; Frank J. Maxwell, assistant janitor;
Dora Arnold, doorkeeper; James Kavanaugh, police officer.

Acknowledgments

As in the past, many courtesies and favors of one kind or
another have been shown the Academy by various organiza-
tions and individuals. Space does not pennit individual
acknowledgments of all, but the Academy is grateful to all
who have helped it in any way and who have shown interest in
its work. First, to those who have contributed to the educa-
tional program of the Academy by giving one or more lectures
in our Sunday afternoon and Wednesday evening lecture
courses, the grateful thanks of the Academy are due; also to
those who have donated specimens to the departments or books
to the library. Special mention should be made of the deep
interest which the Southern Pacific Company, the Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe Railway System, and the Los Angeles
Steamship Company have shown in the scientific and educa-
tional work of the Academy, Each of these companies has

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 19^5 53]

rendered material assistance to members of the staff in con-
nection with their field studies of the fauna, flora, paleontology
and geology of the state, and in making collections of live
fishes for the Steinhart Aquarium. With their generous co-
operation the Academy is able to carry on its research and
educational work much more comprehensively and thoroughly
than would otherwise be possible.

Publications by the Museum Staff

The following bibliography lists the papers published by the
Museum and Aquarium staffs in the year 1925. In the case
of Dr. Hanna it includes his 1924 titles inadvertently omitted
from the annual report for that year.

Qark, H. Walton.

1. Lynvuea aurkulata (Linn.) in California. <Nautilu?, Vol.
XXXVIII, No. 4, pp. 125-126, April, 1925 (With G. Dallas
Hanna).

Eastwood, Alice

1. The Madrono. <California Out of Doors (Tamalpais Conserva-

tion Club organ), January, 1925.

2. Sequoia versus Eucalyptus. < California Out of Doors, April,

1925.

3. The Rose Family on Mount Tamalpais. < California Out of

Doors, July, 1925.

4. The Aftergrowth of a Mountain Fire. <California Out of

Doors, January, 1926.

5. Review of R. S. Ellsworth's The Giant Sequoia. <Bull. Sierra

Qub, Vol. XII, No. 2, pp. 204-205, 1925.

6. Annual Report, Department of Botany for 1924. <Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 28, pp. 467-468, May 29,
1925.

Evermann, Barton Warren

1. Save the Elephant Seals. <Catalina Islander, January 21, 1925.

2. Pollution of the Sea. <Mid-Pacific Magazine, Vol. XXIX, No.

3, March, 1925, pp. 563-565.

3. Report of the Director of the Museum (of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences) for the year 1924. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 28, pp. 411-487, May 29, 1925.

4. Are Elephant Seals destructive to the fisheries? <California Fish

and Game, Vol. XI, No. 2, April, 1925, pp. 78-79.

532 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Peoc. 4th Seb.

5. The Steller Sea Lion Rookery on Ano Nuevo Island, California,

in 1924. (Joint author with G. Dallas Hanna). < Journal of
Mammalogy, Vol. VI, No. 2, May, 1925, pp. 96-99, pis. 8-10.

6. John Van Denburgh. 1872-1924. < Science, N. S., Vol. LXI, No.

1585, May 15, 1925, pp. 508-510.

7. Museum of the California Academy of Sciences. < Municipal

Record, San Francisco, Vol. XVIII, No. 33, p. 268, August 13,
1925.

8. Steinhart Aquarium (of the California Academy of Sciences).

<Municipal Record, San Francisco, Vol. XVIII, No. 33, p.
276, 1 plate, August 13, 1925.

9. Earthquake Studies. <The Commonwealth, Vol. I, No. 17, pp.

205-206, September 1, 1925.

10. Natural Fisheries Resources of the Sea (chiefly of the Pacific)

whose Conservation will require International Cooperation.
<Fur Industry Year Book 1925, pp. 62-66.

11. The Marine Mammals of the Pacific. <The Columbia Port Di-

gest, November, 1925, pp. 5-6.

12. A Check List of the Fishes of Hawaii (Junior author with David

Starr Jordan). < Journal of the Pacific Research Institution,
Vol. I, No. 1, January (December 31, 1925), 1926, pp. 2-15.

13. The Steinhart Aquarium. <The Amateur Aquarist, Vol. I, No.

10, winter 1925-26, pp. 113, 120 and 121,

Hanna, G. Dallas

1. Succitiea avara Say, from the Pleistocene Tar Pits of California.

< Nautilus, Vol. XXXVII, No. 3, p. 106, January-, 1924.

2. Review of, "The Mollusca of the Southwestern States, XI." By

Henry A. Pilsbry & James H. Ferriss. <Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., Vol. LXXV, pp. 47-103, 1923. <Nautilus, Vol.
XXXVII, No. 3, p. 107, January, 1924.

3. Sperm Whales at St. George Island, Bering Sea. <Journal of

Mammalogy, Vol. V, No. 1, p, 64, February 9, 1924,

4. Temperature Records of Alaska Fur Seals. <Journal of Physi-"

ology, Vol. LXVIII, No. 1, pp. 52-53, March, 1924.

5. Rectifications of Nomenclature. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th

Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 10, pp. 151-186, March 18, 1924.

6. Freshwater Mollusks of Eagle Lake, California. <Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci., 4th Sen, Vol. XIII, No. 7, pp. 131-136, 1 pi., March
18, 1924.

7. Description of a New Genus and Species of Freshwater Gastro-

pod Mollusk (Scales petrolia) from the Etchegoin Pliocene of
California. By G. D. Hanna & E. G. Gaylord. <Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 9, pp. 147-149, 1 fig., March
18, 1924.

8. Smaller Foraminifera for Stratigraphy. <Bull. Am. Assn.

Petrol. Geok)gists, Vol. VIII, No. 2, pp. 246-250, March-April,
1924.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 19^5 533

9. A New Species of Whale from the Type Locality of the Mon-
terey Group. By G. Dallas Hanna & Mary E. McLellan.
<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 14, pp. 237-
241, pis. 5-9, June 14, 1924.

10. Insects in the California Tar Traps. < Science (n.s.), Vol.

LIX, No. 1538, p. 553, June 20, 1924.

11. Resignation of A. H. Proctor. (Unsigned.) <U. S. Dept. Com-

merce, Fisheries Service Bulletin, No. Ill, August 1, 1924.

11a. Annual Report, Department of Invertebrate Paleontology for
1923. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, No. 33, pp.
1264-1265, October 10, 1924.

12. Review of "Indications of a Gigantic Amphibian in the Coal

Measures of Kansas." By H. T. Martin. <Univ. Kans. Sci.
Bull., Vol. XIII, No. 12, pp. 103-114, 3 pis., July, 1922. <Pan-
American Geologist, Vol. XLII, No. 5, p. 235, October, 1924.

13. Foraminifera from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Western Wash-

ington. By G. Dallas Hanna & Marcus A. Hanna. <Univ.
Wash. Publ. Geol., Vol. I, No. 4, pp. 57-64, pi. XIII, October,
1924.

14. A Little about Diatoms. By G. Dallas Hcuma with photographs

by W. M. Grant. <The Record (Associated Oil Company
Publication), San Francisco, Vol. V, No. 9, pp. 6-8, 10 photo-
graphs, September, 1924.

15. The same, reprinted. <CaHfornia Engineer (University of Cali-

fornia), Vol. Ill, No. 4, pp. 107-108, 8 photographs, December,
1924.

16. Miocene Marine Vertebrates in Kern County, California.

<Science (n.s.). Vol. LXI, No. 1568, pp. 71-72, January 16, 1925.

17. The Study of Subsurface Formations in California Oilfield De-

velopment. By G. Dallas Hanna & H. L. Driver. <10th Ann.
Rept. Calif. St. Min. Bur., Oil & Gas Supervisor, Vol. X, No. 3
(Monthly Chapt. Sept. 1924), pp. 5-26, 10 figs, in text (Issued
March 10, 1925).

18. Fauna and Stratigraphic Relations of the Tejon Eocene at the

Type Locality in Kern County, California. By Frank M.
Anderson & G. Dallas Hanna. <Occ. Pprs. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
Vol. XI, pp. 1-249. 16 pis., March 18, 1925.

19. Discussion of "Diatom Theory of Origin of Petroleum in CTali-

fornia." By Jun-ichi Takahashi, Sendai, Japan. Read May
3, 1924, at Stanford Univ. Calif, before meeting of Cordilleran
Section of Geological Society of America. <Bull. Geol. Soc.
Am., Vol. XXXVI, No. 1, p. 207, March, 1925.

20. The Academy of Sciences expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands.

<Science (n.s.), Vol. LXI, No. 1579, pp. 359-360, April 3, 1925.
Published in Oakland Tribune, S. F. Examiner, Qironicle,
Bulletin and Call.

534 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

21. Naturalists to Explore Strange Islands off Mexico. <San

Francisco Examiner, Svinday, April 12, 1925, p. K 7, four photo-
graphs.

22. Lymnaa auricularia (Linn.) in California. By G. Dallas Hanna

& H. Walton Clark. <Nautilus Vol. XXXVIII, No. 4, pp.
125-126, April, 1925.

23. Some Land Shells from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. < Nautilus

Vol. XXXVIII, No. 4, pp. 122-125, April, 1925.

24. Correlation of the Organic Shales of the San Joaquin Valley,

California. By E. G. Gaylord & G. D. Hanna. <Bull. Am.
Assn. Petrol. Geol., Vol. IX, No. 2, pp. 228-234, pis. 4-5, March-
April, 1925.

25. (Annual Report, Department of Paleontology for 1924.) <Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII, No. 28, pp. 476-478, May 29, 1925.

26. The Steller Sea Lion Rookery on Ano Nuevo Island, California,

in 1924. By Barton Warren Evermann & G. Dallas Hanna.
<Journ. Mammalogj'. Vol. VI, No. 2. pp. 96-99, pis. 8-10, Alay,
1925.

27. Scientists return with Rarities from Islands off Mexico. <The

San Francisco Examiner, Sunday, June 28, 1925.

28. Contribution to the Paleontology of Peru. By G. Dallas Hanna

& Merle C. Israelsky. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol.
XIV, No. 2, pp. 37-75, pis. 7, 8, July 21, 1925.

29. Zalophancylus, a Fish Vertebra, not a Mollusk. < Nautilus, Vol.

XXXIX, No. 1, p. 18, July, 1925.

30. Photograph of Fur Seal Census Taker on Pribilof Islands.

< Popular Mechanics Magazine, Vol. XLIV, No. 1, p. 87, July,
1925.

31. The Extraction of Fossils from Refractory Rocks. <Journal of

Geol., Vol. XXXIII, No. 5, pp. 555-557, July-August, 1925.

32. The Age and Correlation of the Kreyenhagen Shale in California.

<Bull. Amer. Assn. Petrol Geolog., Vol. IX, No. 6, pp. 990-
999, September, 1925. Read before September, 1924, Meeting
of Pacific Section of Amer. Assn. Pet. Geol. at Los Angeles.

33. Additional records for Lytnncea auricularia. By G. Dallas Hanna

& H. Walton Clark. < Nautilus, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2, p. 71,
October, 1925.

34. Was there a Pacific Continent? <Science (n.s.). Vol. LXII, No.

1613, pp. 491-492, November 27, 1925.

Hertlein, Leo G.

1. Pectens from the Tertiary of Lower California. <Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci.. 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 1-35, July 21, 1925.

2. New Species of Marine Fossil Mollusca from Western North

America. < Bulletin Southern Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 24, Pt. 2,
pp. 39-46, 1925.

Vol. XIV] El'ERMAN\'— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR ryis 535

3. A Summary of the Nomenclature and Stratigraphy of the Marine
Tertiary of Oregon and Washington (with Colin H. Crickmay).
<Proc. Amer. Phil. See, Vol. LXIV, No. 2, pp. 224-282. 1925.

Jordan, Eric Knight

1. Notes on the Fishes of Hawaii with descriptions of six new
species. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Vol. LXVI, 1925, Art. 33,
pp. 1-43, pis. 1-2.

Mailliard, Joseph

1. Census of Birds' Nests in the Music Concourse, Golden Gate

Park, San Francisco, California, for 1924. <The Gull, Vol.
VII, No. 2, February, 1925.

2. Some New Rodent Records for Northeastern California. <Jour-

nal of Mammalog>', Vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 57-58, February 9, 1925.

3. Notes upon the Numerical Status of Rodent Populations in Parts

of California. <Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. VI, No. 2, pp.
102-105, May 12, 1925.

4. Annual Report of the Department of Exhibits for 1924. <Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, Nos. 27-28, pp. 472-473,
May 29, 1925.

5. Annual Report, Department of Mammalogy for 1924. <Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Sen, Vol. XIII, Nos. 27-28, p. 475, May
29, 1925.

6. Annual Report, Department of Ornithology for 1924. <Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, Nos. 27-28, pp. 475-476,
May 29, 1925.

Slevin, Joseph R.

1. Contributions to Oriental Herpetology, II. Korea or Qiosen.

<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No. 5, pp. 89-100,
July 23, 1925.

2. Contributions to Oriental Herpetology, III. Russian Asia and

Manchuria. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIV, No.
6, pp. 101-103, July 23, 1925.

3. Annual Report, Department of Herpetology' for the year 1924.

<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII, No. 28, p. 473, May 29,
1925.

Van Duzee, Edward P.

1. Notes on a Few Hemiptera from the San Bernardino Mountains,

California. < Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society, Vol.
XX, pp. 89-90, April, 1925.

2. -A. Third Record for Emphoropsis depressa Fowler [Note].

< Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. I, p. 155, May, 1925.

3. Annual Report, Department of Entomology for 1924. <Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. XIII, pp. 469-472, May, 1925.

536 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

4. Report on the Library for 1924. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol.

XIII, p. 474, May, 1925.

5. [Note on] Luceria tranquilla Grote. <Pan-Pacific Entomologist,

Vol. I, p. 185, May, 1925.

6. A new Mirid from Arizona. <Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. II,

p. 35, August, 1925.

7. [Note on] The Van Duzee Gjllection of Hemiptera. <Pan-'

Pacific Entomologist, Vol. II, p. 15, August, 1925.

8. New Hemiptera from Western North America. <Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. XIV, pp. 391-425, September, 1925.

Department Reports
Department of Botany

A total of 138,432 sheets of mounted herbarium specimens are now
numbered and stamped. Of the 299 families of plants, according to the
latest system of classification, all but 15 are represented in the herbarium.
Ten of these consist of a single genus and have been removed from larger
and well known families ; the remaining five belong in the tropics and
have few genera.

Several important collections by exchange and purchase which have
added many rare species and genera to the herbarium have been acquired ;
428 in exchange, chiefly North American from the National Herbarium,
Washington, D. C. ; 622 of the J. F. Duthie collection from the Himalaya
Mountains, and 285 of the A. Stolz collection from Lake Nyassa, Africa,
by exchange from the Royal Herbarium, Kew, England ; 375 Chilian
plants purchased from the collector. Dr. E. Werderman, an authority on
Chilian plants; 185 Chinese plants, a continuation of the McClure Hainan
Island collection, purchased from Canton Christian College, China; and
627 from Hood River region, Oregon, purchased from the collector,
L. F. Henderson of the University of Oregon.

The curator made several short trips to various parts of northern
California in the spring and collected as follows : 64 species on a one-
day trip over Mount Hamilton from San Jose to Livermore; 11 species
from an early trip to lone, Amador County; 148 species from a short
trip to Madera and Raymond, Madera County; 149 species from Potter
Valley, Mendocino County ; and 214 from the foot of Mount Sanhedrin,
Lake County. On a trip to Portland, Oregon, to attend the meeting of
the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, collections were made in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. At
Portland, 11 species were collected, 25 on the Columbia Highway, 48 at
Wind River Forestry Station, 291 at Pullman and vicinity, and 63 at
mouth of the Salmon River.

Besides a number of contributors whose names will appear in the gen-
eral list and whose contributions consisted of one or two specimens sent
usually for identification, the following made valuable contributions to

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN—DIRECTOF'S REPORT FOR i9^5 537

the herbarium: W. J. Classen, Cold Bay, Alaska, 27; George Haley,
from Unalaska, Unimak and St. Paul Island, Alaska, 135; William Vo-
triede, 83, Eldorado County ; Mrs. G. Earle Kelley, 29, from Round Valley,
Mendocino County; A. F. Graff, 17, Cazadero, Sonoma County; W. P.
Steinbeck, 15, Calaveras County; Mrs. Joseph Clemens, 23, from Texas;
Cecil Hart, 23 desert plants, Southern California; Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe,
20, Marin County; Mrs. J. C. Augsbury, 17, Yosemite region; Mary E.
Webb, 26, Santa Barbara; Mrs. E. C. Wright, 71, Mono Lake region;
Mrs. Ilsien Nathalie Gaylord, 26 mosses from the eastern United States;
F, V. Coville, 17 specimens of Ribes from California; Eric Walther, 115
specimens of cultivated plants.

The collections from the islands off the coast of Mexico made on the
California Academy expedition in the spring have not yet been named or
listed, but will undoubtedly add many new species to the collection as
well as duplicates for exchange.

In continuation of exchange, duplicates from our herbarium have been
sent to the following institutions: Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain,
Mass., 210; Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass., 47 Lower California;
Royal Herbarium, Kew, England, 133 Galapagos duplicates and 155 mis-
cellaneous specimens; 247 miscellaneous specimens to Pomona College,
Claremont, California.

Besides the regular herbarium work which takes a great deal of time
in a rapidly growing herbarium, much time has been given to the identi-
fication of exotics, as the Academy is now regarded as the California
authority, our collection of the exotics cultivated in California being the
most complete.

Popular addresses have been given on botanical subjects, conservation
of the wild flowers, and the history and botanical features of Golden Gate
Park, to schools, Parent-Teachers Associations, floral societies, federation
of women's clubs and individual clubs, Alpine, Sierra, and Tamalpais
Conservation Club, and Girl Scouts. Two lectures have been given for
the Academy and one at the Portland meeting.

The Botanical Club holds weekly meetings or excursions and has now
about 75 members. A class of Park gardeners meets in the herbarium
two evenings a month. This is to enable the ambitious men to learn the
names and relationships of the species in the park. The exhibition of
cultivated and native flowers in bloom out of doors is one of the popular
features of the museum and is consulted by many people throughout the
year. Hundreds of species are exhibited during the year, each labelled
with scientific and common name and native home. Mrs. Johanna Wilkens
keeps it clean and in order, and, without her careful attention, it would
not be possible to have it always looking nice. My assistant, Mrs. George
H. Phelps, does all the mounting of the rapidly increasing collection, be-
sides many other duties such as putting the additions into their proper
places in the herbarium, looking after the specimens being dried, writing
labels of duplicates, besides other duties that do not require botanical

knowledge.

Alice Eastwood, Curator.

April 28, 1926

538 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Department of Entomology

Nineteen twenty-five was another year of active advance in the Depart-
ment of Entomolog>'. Two large collections were added to the Academy
resources; specimens received from other sources number more than the
average; the mounting and labelling of accumulated material made avail-
able for study much which before had potential value only, and the addi-
tion of new cases permitted the rearranging of the collections to be ad-
vanced rapidly.

Additions to the department collection during 1925, received through
the ordinary activities of the department, numbered 27,301 specimens. In
addition, two large collections were formally presented to the Academy
which merit special mention. On August 22, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell presented
to the Academy his entire collection of Coleoptera, numbering at least
100,000 specimens. These were given under the same conditions as was
the Van Dyke collection presented last year, conditions that allow the
donor the free use and control of the material during his life time, assures
its permanent preservation, and, with the Van Dyke collection, places in
the possession of the Academy a remarkably complete series of the beetles
of North America, which, in the case of the western species, are repre-
sented by exceptionally large and valuable series showing geographical
and ecological variation. The other collection mentioned is the curator's
private collection of Hemiptera numbering perhaps 30,000 specimens. This
collection, accumulated through more than 30 years of systematic work
on that order of insects, represents a very large proportion of the species
known from America north of Mexico up to 10 years ago, and, added to
the extensive collection of western Hemiptera already in the Academy
collection, forms a representation in that order of insects perhaps unsur-
passed so far as our North American fauna is concerned.

Of the ordinary accessions of the year the largest item is the material
taken by the curator's assistant, Mr. H. H. Keifer, on the Academy's ex-
pedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, numbering 10,753 specimens. The
work of determining this material has only just begun, but undoubtedly
many new and rare species will be found in it. Other notable additions
during the year were : from Mr. A. J. Bassenger, 2210 specimens includ-
ing a large and interesting series of Diptera from Alaska; from Mr.
C. L. Fox, 3,114 specimens consisting of Diptera and Coleoptera from
eastern Washington and western Idaho and a valuable series of Hymenop-
tera from Arizona; from Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, 1954 insects of orders other
than Q)leoptera from Oregon and eastern Washington and other locali-
ties; from Mr. J. C. Huguenin, 1870 miscellaneous insects; from Mr.
Walter M. Giffard, 320 leaf-cutting bees from about Lake Tahoe, Cali-
fornia; from Mr. E. A. Dodge, a collection of 478 tiger beetles made
many years ago by his brother, Mr. G. M. Dodge, and including many
rare species, also from Mr. Dodge a collection of 211 moths from Exeter,

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR ms 539

California, secured by his son, the late Ralph M. Dodge; from John E.
Carey, 905 Lepidoptera from Panama including many rare and beautiful
forms. Other valuable donations to the department collection were made
by Mr. Louis Slevin, Mr. E. R. Leach, Mr. J. O. Martin, Mr. Geo. Haley,
Dr. J. A. Comstock, Mr. David M. McKell, Mr. B. H. Murray, Mr. Eric
Walther, Mr. Joseph Mailliard, Mrs. H. J. Smith, Mr. Frank Mason, Mr.
J. G. Grundell, and others. In addition to these donations 3800 insects
were secured by the curator and his assistant in field work in the Bay
region.

On January first, Mr. Hartford H. Keifer was added to the department
staff as full-time assistant, and, through his continued and faithful efforts,
much has been done toward mounting and labelling accumulated material.
Mr. J. O. Martin completed the installation of the Holbrook collection of
butterflies, which now is well displayed on specially constructed multiplex
frames in the bird hall. Following the completion of the Holbrook col-
lection, he has been working part time on the incorporation of the Van
Dyke collection into that of the Academy in the new unit boxes recently
adopted in this department. Over 26,000 specimens from the Van Dyke
collection have been so arranged and the work is being pushed as rapidly
as possible. The balance of the material taken on the Arizona expedition
of 1924 has been mounted and, with the Holbrook collection, brings the
total additions to this department for 1924 up to 30,700 specimens.

The Academy is under renewed obligations to Messrs. Barnes and
Benjamin for the determination of moths in its collection. Through this
assistance most of the moths, exclusive of the micros, are now determined
and the arranging of the collection will be pushed as rapidly as boxes be-
come available. Prof. P. A. Qaassen of Cornell University has deter-
mined the stone-flies in the collection and these are now available for
study. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke has devoted much time and effort during the
year to checking over the Academy collection of beetles as fast as they
are arranged in the unit boxes. So far, the families Cerambycidae,
Buprestidse, Scarabiidse, Cicindelidse and the Cychriini have been gone
over by him and are now available for the use of students of these inter-
esting insects.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, initiated in 1924, has reached the middle
of the second volume. This effort to give the West a place in the en-i
tomological literature of the country is meeting with much encourage-
ment. While it is not yet self-sustaining, that goal does not seem as
distant as it did, and with moderate assistance for a few years it should
attain independence and show growth both in size and quality.

The growth of the Department of Entomology during recent years has
been most encouraging and, with continued support, the Academy of
Sciences will have a collection of insects that will rank among the largest
and most valuable in the country.

Edward P. Van Duzee, Curator.

540 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Department of Exhibits

So much of the time of the personnel of this department has been di-
verted to other matters that there is less to report as accomplished in the
field of exhibits than has been the case in previous years; but, in spite
of interruptions, Mr. Frank Tose, chief taxidermist and group artist of
the Museum, has arranged and installed four more panel groups in the
Bird and Mammal halls, all of which have attracted much favorable
comment. The four groups are : California Woodpecker, Lazuli Bunting,
Point Reyes Mountain Beaver, and Warner Mountain Cony. The Cali-
fornia Woodpecker Group is especially interesting in that it shows the
combination of a nesting hole and a tree that is thickly inset with acorns,
well exemplifying the characteristic storage habit of this bird. The Moun-
tain Beaver and the Cony groups exhibit two species of small mammals
so rarely seen by the public that the majority of people do not even
know of their existence.

The rearranging of the Grizzly Bear Group, which was commenced late
in the fall of 1924, extended well into January, 1925. In the early spring
a number of birds were collected and mounted in preparation for that
time when the proposed seasonal groups of the birds of Golden Gate Park
become realities. In between times some fine work was done on wax
reproductions of beautiful Colorado Desert cacti, to be installed in the
present desert group to make it even more attractive.

A matter that occupied several weeks of departmental time was the
construction and the placing in position for future use of cases for panel
groups in all available spaces in order to save the time and labor involved
by the old method of setting in position cases for each group as needed.
The backs of these newly installed cases and the backs of all those al-
ready arranged with groups have have been so treated as to make them
harmonize with the backgrounds and accessories of the large habitat
groups into which they project. The camouflaging of these projecting
backs has greatly improved the appearance of the large groups and added
to their charm.

Mr. Tose was detailed, with Mr. J. T. Wright as assistant, to represent
the departments of Ornithology and Mammalogy on the expedition that
started about the middle of April to the Revillagigedo and Tres Marias
islands and returned toward the end of June. The preparation of equip-
ment before starting and the finishing up of the temporarily prepared and
cold storage specimens obtained on this expedition, with the voyage itself,
occupied these members of the department from the first of April until
well into July.

Later in the year, practically a month was occupied by Mr. Tose in
making from a cast a life-sized model of a great Leatherback Turtle for
the Department of Herpetology.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 541

While the demand for portable school groups does not seem to have
lessened, there has been no time available, with the present force, for the
construction of new ones, and the only work carried on in this line has
been the reconstruction of some that had been damaged by accidents. The
portable school groups now in use consist of one each of the following:
Sandpipers and marsh birds, California Woodpecker, Gila Woodpecker,
Barn Owl, Western Meadowlark, California Shrike, San Francisco
Towhee, Western Robin, Sierra Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel, Cali-
fornia Ground Squirrel, Sierra Chickaree, Redwood Weasel, and Spiny
Pocket Mouse.

Student assistants in this department have been as follows : James F.
Campbell, for the greater part of the year; Miss A. M, Hill, short course
in accessory work; J. T. Wright, first half of year; Russel Hendricks and
Cecil Tose, part time; and several school boys at various periods.

Joseph Mailliard, Curator.

Department of Fishes

This Department was established August 29, 1925, at which time Mr.
H. Walton Qark was made assistant curator. Mr. Clark had been a
scientific assistant in the United States Bureau of Fisheries for many
years, during wliich he was chiefly engaged in biological investigations
relating to fishes and the fisheries and in studies of the geographic dis-^
tribution of fishes. When the Steinhart Aquarium was established in
1923 Mr. Clark was made chief collector, which position he held until
transferred to his present position.

The establishment of a department of fishes seemed necessary in order
that proper attention might be given to systematic and life-history studies
of the fishes of California and elsewhere in connection with the Aquarium
and the Museum. Considerable collections of fishes have already been
acquired, the principal regions represented being California, the Hawaiian
Islands, China, and the Revillagigedo and Tres Marias islands oflf the
Pacific coast of Mexico. These will all be studied, carefully identified
and put in order as rapidly as possible.

It is the intention to install in the Aquarium laboratories a carefully
identified reference series of specimens in alcohol of all the species of
fishes of California, both fresh and salt water, and, as time and oppor-
tunity permit, similar series of the species found in the other Pacific coast
states. Teachers, anglers and others often come to the Aquarium or the
Museum and make inquiry about some fish they have seen but which they
do not find in the Aquarium. It is hoped that when our reference series
has been established, we shall be able to show to such inquirers a speci-
men of any species of fish about which they ask.

During the year Mr. Clark has devoted most of his time assisting Dr.
Jordan and the Curator with the preparation of a revised check-list of

542 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

the fishes of North and Middle America, upon which they have been en-
gaged for several years. He and the Curator also have in preparation a
distributional check-list of the freshwater fishes of California which they
hope to complete in the near future. They arc also engaged in preparing
a report on the fishes of the Ortolan expedition of 1925 to the Revillagi-
gedo, Tres Marias, and other islands off the Pacific Coast of Mexico.

Barton Warren Evermann, Curator.

Department of Herpetology

At the beginning of the year 1925 the Academy's collection of reptiles
and amphibians numbered 56,033 specimens. There have been added dur-
ing the year 3,253 specimens, so that the collection has grown to 59,286
specimens.

Gifts of specimens during the year have been received as follows :
From Steinhart Aquarium, 3 specimens ; J. Labarthe, 1 ; Prof. W. B.
Herms, Z7 ; Fred. Howarth, 11; Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, 15; H. W. Qark, 1;
E. W. Williman, 3 ; Melbourne Ward, 5 ; L. M. Klauber, 145 ; and Miss
M. E. McLellan, 8.

Specimens have been secured from 5 counties of California as follows :
Imperial, 4; Plumas, 6; San Diego, 136; San Francisco, 1; and San
Mateo, 3.

Specimens from other localities are: Nevada, 1; New York, 11; Ore-
gon, 1; Virginia, 3; Washington, 11; Eastern Asia, 14; Africa, 14; Aus-
tralia, 5 ; Fanning Island, 2>7 ; Alexico, 2997 ; Ecuador, 1 ; Peru, 6 ; and
Costa Rica, 2.

Work has been begun, and considerable progress made, on an account
of the amphibians of the western portion of our continent, to complete the
review of the herpetology begun by the late Dr. Van Denburgh.

Mr. Frank Tose, of the Department of Exhibits, has completed the
casting of the large leather-back turtle presented to the Academy by the
San Francisco International Fish Company.

The classification, labeling, cataloging, and arrangement of the collection
was continued during the year.

Field work was carried on in Mexico. The expedition to the Revillagi-
gedo Islands resulted in a collection of 1,550 specimens, and the continua-
tion of the field work in the states of Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Tehauntepec,
and the Federal District of Mexico in 1,438 specimens.

The thanks of the department are due Profs. Herrera, Solis, and
Contreras, of Mexico City, and Mr. Paul Ruthling, of Cosolapa, for the
many courtesies extended.

Joseph R. Slevin, Assistant Curator.

Vol. XIV] EVERM ANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR ii>i3 543

Library

During the year 1925 the library of the Academy maintained a steady
and satisfactory growth in all departments of its work. The accessions
numbered 967 complete volumes, of which 336 were added by purchase,
239 by gift, and 492 by the completion of volumes through material re-
ceived in exchange. In addition to these the usual number of serial
publications were received by exchange. Most of these exchanges were
publications of scientific societies and will be included in completed
volumes later. A number of valuable donations to the library were re-
ceived during the year, but none of exceptional extent, although among
them were a few that made most welcome additions to the library re-
sources of the Academy.

Miss Margaret Dold severed her connection with the library on May
25, and for some time the library was without an attendant. On Septem-
ber first Mr. C A. Bellas entered upon the duties of assistant in the
library and, by faithful work, has gotten the the accumulated material
assorted and properly shelved. He has also entered on the accessions
register all complete volumes received and has classified and catalogued
certain books requiring such attention. He has also done much toward
bringing up to date certain of the foreign exchanges that had gotten be-
hind during the war conditions.

Another item of much interest in the library work was the binding of
1183 volumes. For a number of years no binding had been done, so
there was a large accumulation of unbound material. Such unbound
volumes are awkward to handle and are subject to rapid deterioration in
use, so the binding of so many volumes was an improvement in the li-
brary service that has been very much appreciated by the library staff.
A minor convenience to all users of the library was the construction of a
small case near a window for shelving the Zoological Record, so those
most indispensable helps can now be referred to without the inconveni-
ence of stack use.

On the whole, the library has made a most satisfactory growth in its
resources and in its use both by the staff and by outside members, and
the outlook for the coming year is most encouraging.

Edward P. Van Duzee, Assistant Librarian.

Department of Mammalogy

As has been customary for the past few years, work in this department
has been carried on in connection with that of the Department of Orni-
thology, and there has been but little attempted that was particularly dis-'
tinctive.

Limited collections of the smaller mammals have been made by the
Curator and his assistants in Modoc, Siskiyou, and Placer counties, Cali-
fornia, and in the extreme southern part of Josephine County, Oregon ;

544 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

by Mr. Frank Tose, of the Department of Exhibits, and his assistant, Mr.
J. T. Wright, at various points visited by the Revillagigedo and Tres
Marias Expedition ; and by Miss M. E. McLellan, Assistant Curator of the
Department of Ornithology, in the provinces of Sinaloa and Nayarit,
Mexico.

Through the courtesy of the CaHfornia Sea Products Company, Dr.
E. T. Engle, who had placed his services for a limited period at the dis-
posal of the Academy, obtained at the Trinidad Whaling Station, Hum-
boldt County, California, some valuable osteological specimens of Cetacea
and some interesting data, for this department.

The principal features of the indoor work of the department in the
past year have been the construction of a new hide room and the installa-
tion in it of the collection of hides of marine mammals ; the transfer of
the skins of the smaller mammals from the large hide room to the stand-
ard metal cases in the mammal room, wherein several new cases have
been placed; the tanning of what hides were still awaiting treatment and
the rearrangement of the osteological collection.

Accessions to this department have been as follows : By exploration:
127 specimens. By gift: C. W. Bowman, 3; California State Bureau of
Animal Industry, 1 ; Mrs. F. Ellsworth, 1 ; Russel Hendricks, 1 ; E. R.
Leach, 1 ; A. K. Macomber, 1 ; John McLaren, 3 ; W. M. Phillips, 1 ; Stein-
hart Aquarium, 1; Mrs. Peter Swartz, 1; E. P. Van Duzee, 2; J. T.
Wright, 4. By purchase: 2 speciments.

Joseph Mailliard, Curator.

Department of Ornithology

Early in the year the Mailliard oological and ornithological collections
(with the exception of a small portion temporarily reserved, consisting of
a minimum representation of all species of birds and eggs included in
it) were transferred from the residence of Mr. John W. Mailliard to the
Museum of the California Academy of Sciences and installed there, for
the time being as separate imits.

This addition to the collections, together with the John Van Denburgh
collection of eggs (received in 1924, through Mr. Douglas Van Denburgh),
which has been properly boxed and made ready for incorporation in the
collections, and the increase in the number of specimens through field
work, necessitating the installation of eleven new cases, has resulted in
the filling of all the space available in the three rooms allotted to the de-
partment. Within a short time, provision will have to be made whereby
the department may have additional room to house the rapidly growing
collections.

The addition of the new cases made necessary a rearrangement of the
whole collection. This work has been carried on by Assistant Curator
M. E. McLellan, as time could be spared from other duties, but it is not
yet completed.

Vol. XIV] E]ERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 545

In the absence of a regular librarian, Miss McLellan, being familiar
with the work, devoted time for the space of three months to library
affairs needing immediate attention, which, in consequence, curtailed the
amount of work that could be accomplished in this department.

Expeditions and field work occupied a considerable portion of the year.
In cooperation with the other departments of the Museum, this depart-
ment participated in the Academy's expedition to the Revillagigedo and
Tres Marias islands off the Mexican coast, as mentioned in the annual
report of the President of the Academy. On this occasion the depart-
ments of Ornithology and Mammalogy were represented by Mr. Frank
Tose, chief taxidermist of the Museum, and Mr. J. T. Wright, student
and part-time assistant in the Department of Exhibits. A good collection
of birds was made and some especially interesting material was obtained
on this expedition.

In Siskiyou County, California, the valley of the Klamath River, from
the vicinity of Hornbrook to Happy Camp and Indian Creek, some 50
miles west of Hornbrook, together with parts of Josephine County, Ore-"
gon, adjacent to the California line, was the scene of field activities from
May 9 to June 13, the field party consisting of the curator, James F.
Campbell, student assistant, and Raleigh Borell, general assistant. Field
work was also carried on by the Curator and Raleigh Borell in Placer
County, California, from June 28 to July 10.

With John Denver as general assistant, the Curator carried on field
work at Eagleville, Modoc County, California, from September 8 to Octo-
ber 15, for the purpose of comparing the bird life found there in a normal
autumn season like that of 1925 with that found in the previous year,
which was the third and worst year of a prolonged drouth. One of the
principal features of the work in 1925 at Eagleville was the trapping and
banding of nearly 400 Gambel's Sparrows on their southward migration.
This was done in the hope that some of the birds might fall into the hands
of other bird banders or of people along the line of flight who might be
sufficiently interested to send the band, if taken from a dead bird, or to
report the band number, if found on a captured bird, to the U. S. Bio-
logical Survey, Washington, D. C, and thus add to our rather limited
knowledge of the migratory movements of birds.

The last two weeks of December were occupied by the Curator, with
Raleigh Borell as assistant, in investigating the winter bird life in parts
of Placer County, California, and in doing some further work in bird
banding.

On September 5, Miss McLellan started upon a trip to the states of
Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico, for the purpose of securing specimens of
birds from the mainland for comparison with those obtained on the Tres
Marias by the departmental representatives in the spring. Work was be-
gun about the middle of September and carried on for a period of six
weeks at Labrados (near Mazatlan), San Bias, and Maria Madre Island.

546 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The results of this trip were very satisfactory, not only because of the
number of specimens secured, but also on account of the comparatively
large number of species represented among them, and the obtaining on
Maria Madre of representatives of several species not previously recorded
from the Tres Marias.

During the year the library of this department has obtained certain
valuable works, notably, Gray's Genera of Birds, Stray Feathers, Latham's
General Synopsis of Birds, and Rowley's Ornithological Miscellany, and
provision has been made for still further additions.

In the latter part of the year the purchase of a suitable automobile for
the joint use of the departments of Ornithology and Paleontology was
decided upon, as these departments can so coordinate their field work as
not to interfere seriously with each other in regard to the date and period
of use.

Accessions to the department have been as follows : Bird skins — By
exploration: 1373 specimens. By gift: E. W. Gifford, 1; E. C. Johnson,
1 ; G. L. Merguire, 1; Nick Mouzin (for Charles White), 1 ; J. W. Stein-
beck, 3; J. T. Wright, 94. By purchase: 6 specimens.

Birds' nests and eggs have been received as follows : By exploration :
59 sets (78 eggs). By gift: E. W. Gifford, 1 egg; Mrs. Lloyd H. Robbins,
1 nest.

Joseph Mailliard, Curator.

Department of Paleontology

During 1925 several considerable and noteworthy collections came to the
Department of Paleontology. Dr. Roy E. Dickerson, formerly Curator,
presented a large collection of invertebrate fossils from the Philippine
Islands, Java and Japan.

After several months of exploration in the bone beds of Shark-Tooth
Hill, Kern County, California, under the direction of Charles Morrice,
work there was suspended early in the year. The material collected was
transmitted to Dr. Remington Kellogg, U. S. Biological Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C, for study and report, and, although a great many valuable
additions to vertebrate paleontology have been made at that locality, it
seems probable that a better site for a quarry may be found in the vicinity.
In the excavations thus far explored the bones of the animals are scat-
tered and broken although they are present in almost unbelievable
abundance.

In April, the Curator and Assistant Curator left San Francisco on the
U. S. S. Ortolan, as members of the Revillagigedo Islands Expedition.
Almost two months were spent in the field. Collections were made of
fishes, marine invertebrates, fossils, rocks, and living marine and land
mollusks. Formal reports will be prepared on these various groups and
they will give a better indication of the character of the collections than
a preliminary announcement. However, it should be explained at this

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 547

point that the giving of figures to represent numbers of specimens in this
department is impracticable. For instance, a single cubic inch of some of
the samples of organic shales collected can be shown to contain more than
a hundred million individual skeletons of organisms.

One other accession worthy of note is the large collection of samples
of sedimentary rocks and shales obtained in drilling oil wells by the
Pacific and Associated Oil Companies. It is impossible to estimate the
scientific value of this collection and it is the only one of its kind of any
consequence in existence in any museum. It would cost many millions of
dollars in drilling expense to duplicate the collection. On account of lack
of storage space in the laboratory and the large size of this collection, it
has been necessary to house it in the basement of the Museum building,
but there it has been systematically arranged so that any part is readily
accessible.

The bulk of the detailed work of the Department during this year has
fallen upon Mr. Eric Knight Jordan, Assistant Curator, and Mr. Leo G.
Hertlein, Temporary Assistant. Their duties have been faithfully and
efficiently performed, and this is reflected in the fact that the collections
of the Department have probably never before been so well kept or so
orderly arranged.

Various institutions and individuals have made use of the collections of
the Department and at the end of the year the outstanding loans were as
follows: Dr. Paul Bartsch, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ;
Miss Mary J. Rathbun, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; Dr.
V/. P. Woodring (Feb. 12, 1926), U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C; Dr. Wm. H. Dall, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C;
Dr. Fred Baker, Point Loma, California.

G. Dallas Hanna, Curator.

Steinhart Aquarium

It is a pleasure to report the Aquarium in good condition and the most
popular public institution in San Francisco. The attendance for the year
was 1,043,591. Our attendance on Sundays and holidays is still too large
for seeing the fishes to the best advantage and is a constantly repeated
argument for additional room that a new wing would provide.

The total number of live specimens in the Aquarium tanks on Dec.
31, 1925, was 7,120, an increase of 912 during the year. These are di-
vided among the branches of the animal kingdom as follows :

Mammals 8 specimens 4 species

Birds 1 specimen 1 species

Reptiles 75 specimens 22 species

Batrachians 13 specimens 7 species

Fishes 6596 specimens 201 species

Invertebrates 427 specimens 6 species

Total 7120 specimens 240 species

548 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

The above is exclusive of the Hatchery in which 8,000 eggs of Trout
and Salmon were hatched during the year.

It would seem a far cry from the slimy Hagfish in tank No. 9 to the
study of Pyorrhea. However, one of the activities of the Aquarium
during the past year was to supply quantities of mucous from these fish
to Dr. R. N. Loomis of the University of California Dental College in
order that the effects of mucous on dentin might be carefully studied and
its relation to disease, if any, established.

One would not really suspect the Aquarium to have any connection
whatever with the 18th amendment, yet a special investigator, Dr. McCay
of the California State Fish and Game Commission, spent a month in
our Laboratory investigating the pollution of the San Francisco Bay
water by a large distillery and the effect of the same on our commercial
fishes.

Dr. Shaw, of Shanghai, China, and Dr. Deogracis Villadolid, from the
Philippine Islands, have spent considerable time on the study of our
collections.

The State Board of Health of Sacramento keeps one of our large
tanks well stocked with mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), and has re-
quested us to distribute these fishes free of charge to anyone desiring
small fish for stocking ponds, garden pools and aquariums. Several hun-
dred of these have been so distributed and will no doubt assist in the
abatement of the mosquito pest in this state. On Nov. 2, 1925, a shipment
of these fish was sent to Tahiti, Society Islands, to help to eliminate
the mosquitos.

The gifts of live animals to the Aquarium during the year number 726.
Eight of these were alligators.

Our loss of specimens during the year has not been excessive. We
have had no bad epidemics ; as a matter of fact, we have been assured
on very good authority, our loss has been considerably less than at other
large aquariums.

We have been fortunate in securing the services of Mr. Robert J. Lanier,
formerly of the New York Aquarium, whose long experience in that
aquarium wil be of benefit to us.

Mr, H. Walton Clark was transferred from the Aquarium staff on Sept.
14 to the position of Assistant Curator of fishes in the California Acad-
emy of Sciences.

On March 20, our collector, W. J. Martin, resigned and his place was
taken by Mr. Herbert Brandt.

With the exceptions noted above and a few minor changes, the staff of
the Aquarium remains the same.

It is the desire of the Superintendent that the Aquarium may continue
to improve during the coming year. As a means to that end we respect-
fully suggest that a small greenhouse for growing of tropical plants and
fishes be constructed on the roof of the Aquarium, and the matter of
securing more warm water tanks seriously be considered. Also that ar-
rangements be made to secure a large number of the beautifully colored
fishes found along the shores of Mexico and Central America.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 549

During the year, 728 gifts of living animals, chiefly fishes and reptiles,
were made to the Aquarium. To the many donors our grateful appreci-
ation is hereby expressed.

During the same period the Academy, on behalf of the Aquarium, sup-
plied a total of 1858 specimens of live fishes and other small aquatic ani-
mals to schools and individuals for use in small balanced aquariums in
schools and homes. In this way and through definite instruction we are
doing much to encourage the establishment and maintenance of these
really educative adjuncts to schools and homes.

The number of schools visiting the Aquarium continues to grow, as
shown by the following summary :

SCHOOLS \TSITING THE AQUARIUM

Schools of San Francisco

Total Number Visiting Pupils 8090 8090

Total Number Visiting Teachers 285

Total Number Visiting Classes 299

Schools Outside of San Francisco

Total Number of Pupils 1776 1776

Total Number of Teachers 65

Total Number of Classes 83

9866
Alvin Seale, Superintendent.

Accessions to Museum and Library for 1925

Alaska Packers Association, San Francisco : 10 specimens of Cardium
corbis from Alaska. Gift.

Aldous, Harry, 228 West First North Street, Salt Lake City, Utah : 19
sets of bird eggs (80 eggs). Exchange.

Anderson, Mrs. W. F., Indio, Calif.: 3 botanical specimens from Indio,
Calif. Gift.

Andrews, C. L., Point Barrows, Alaska : 2 mammal skins and 6 bird
skins from Alaska. Purchase.

Associated Oil Co., 79 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco : 4 speci-
mens of cretaceous mollusks from Oregon and British Columbia, 50
samples of fossiliferous cretaceous shales from Moreno Gulch, Fresno
Co., Calif., a slab of freshwater Ostracod Shale from Brazil, and 15
specimens of Pliocene fossils from near Casmalia, California. Gift.

Augsbury, Mrs. J. C, 1300 Balboa Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 17
botanical specimens from Yosemite, Calif. Gift.

550 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Bailey, H. H., Miami, Florida: 1 pair Florida Screech Owl, 2 i>airs Flori-
da Bob White, 2 pairs Cardinal, 4 pairs Bahama Redwing, 2 male
Least Tern, 1 female Dusky Seaside Sparrow, 2 male Loggerhead
Shrike, and 1 male Southern Meadowlark. Exchange.

Baker, Dr. Fred, Point Loma, Calif. : 36 species of mollusks new to
Academy collection. Exchange.

Baker, Dr. Fred, Point Loma, Calif. : 9 lots of freshwater mollusks.
Gift.

Baldwin, Mrs. Elizabeth R., San Luis Obispo, Calif. : 2 specimens of
plants from San Luis Obispo, Calif. Gift.

Bassenger, A. J., Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif.: 2210 in-
sects, largely from Alaska and including a fine series of Alaskan
Diptera. Gift.

Blaisdell, Dr. F. E., 1520 Lake Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 50 insects,
mostly Cicadas, from Yreka, Calif. Gift.

Blaisdell, Dr. Frank E., Sr., 1520 Lake Street, San Francisco, Calif.:
The Blaisdell Collection of Coleoptera, of about 100,000 specimens.
Gift.

Bottom, Charles, 1316 W Street, Sacramento, Calif. : 44 mounted birds
from California. Gift.

Bowman, C. W., 2032 Judah Street, San Francisco : 1 boar's tusk from
the Philippines, 2 boars' tusks from Lake County, Calif. Gift.

British Museum, London, England: 14 specimens of reptiles and am-
phibians from Eastern Asia. Exchange.

Bureau of Animal Industry, San Francisco, Calif.: 1 Antilope cerzn-
capra, in flesh, from Australia. Gift.

Canton Christian College, Canton, China : 125 specimens of the McClure
collection of Hainan plants. Purchase.

Carey, John E., Manila, P. L : 905 specimens of Lepidoptera from
Panama. Gift.

Charles, Juanita E., Cazadero, Calif. : 1 botanical specimen from Caza-
dero, Calif. Gift.

Christensen, Mrs. C. P., 1260 9th Avenue, San Francisco : 1 lot of mis-
cellaneous minerals. Gift.

Qassen, W. J.. Menlo Park, Calif.: 27 botanical specimens from Alaska.
Gift.

Oark, Mrs. Curran (Cora Taylor Clark), 1502 Willard Street, San
Francisco : 1 oil painting of John Taylor, former Trustee of the
California Academy of Sciences. Gift.

Qark, H. Walton, San Francisco, Calif.: 1 lizard from San Francisco,
Calif., and 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Clemens, Mrs. Joseph, 638 Isaac Peral, Manila, P. I.: 23 specimens of
plants from Texas. Gift.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 19^5 551

Coale. H. K., 528 S. Linden Avenue, Highland Park. 111. : 1 female
White-v.-ing Junco, 1 male Fish Crow, 1 pair Florida Redwing, 1
female Vera Cruz Redwing, 1 pair Southern Downy Woodpecker, 1
pair Southern Meadow Lark, 1 pair American Goldfinch, 1 female
Rock Sparrow, 1 female Dakota Song Sparrow, 1 male Warbling
Vireo, 1 male White-eyed Vireo, 1 male Swainson's Warbler, 1
female Texas Wren, 1 male Prairie Marsh Wren, 1 pair House Wren,
1 pair Willow Thrush. Exchange.

Comstock, Dr. John A., Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, Calif.: 66
Butterflies, new to the Academy Collection. Gift.

Contreras, Prof. Francisco, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Mexico,
D. F. : 20 miscellaneous pamphlets. Gift.

Coville, Dr. F. V., National Herbarium, Washington, D. C. : 17 speci-
mens of Ribes from California. Gift.

Dickerson, Dr. Roy E., Standard Oil Co., San Francisco : A large col-
lection of fossils from the Philippine Islands. Gift.

Dodge, E. A., 546 Bay Street, Santa Cruz, Calif. : 201 miscellaneous in-
sects, largely moths, taken by Ralph Dodge at Exeter, Calif. Gift.
478 tiger-beetles forming the G. M. Dodge Collection of Cicindelidse.
Gift.

Doods, Clifford, R. D. No. 2, Ojai Road, Santa Paula, Calif. : 169 insects
from various localities. Gift.

Ducruet, Theo. I., 2964 Pine Street, San Francisco: 3 mussel shells from
Visitacion Valley, San Francisco Bay. Gift.

Durbrow, Mrs. Pierson, 62 5th Avenue, San Francisco, Calif. ; 1 botanical
specimen from California. Gift.

Eastwood, Miss Alice, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco :
30 specimens of land mollusks from Bakers Point, Idaho. Gift.

Eastwood, Miss Alice, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco :
223 California plants. ; 834 botanical specimens as follows : 33 from
Alarin County, Calif. ; 214 from Lake County, Calif. ; 149 Mendocino
County, Calif.; 11 from Portland, Oregon; 25 from Columbia High-
way, Oregon ; 48 from Wind River Forest Station, Washington ; 242
from Pullman, Washington ; 49 Moscow and Lewiston, Idaho ; 63
from mouth of Salmon River ; 6 botanical specimens from Marin
County, Calif. Exploration.

Ellsworth, Mrs. F., 917 Sierra Street, Turlock, Calif.: 1 Mycteris cinerea,
in flesh, from Stanislaus Co., Calif. Gift.

Elms, Mrs. Ida B., 853 W 58th Place, Los Angeles, Calif. : 1 specimen
of plant from Los Angeles, Calif. Gift.

Evermann, Dr. Barton W., California Academy of Sciences, San Fran-
cisco: The Catalina Islander, Vol. XI, Nos. 2-14, 16-33, 35-47, 49-52.
Vol. XII, Nos. 1-7, 9-14, 16-24, 26-30. Gift.

552 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Fox, Chas. L., 1621 Vallejo Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 1122 insects,
mostly Diptera and Coleoptera, taken in Washington and Idaho.
Gift. 1982 Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Poling in Arizona. Gift.

Friersen, L. S. Jr., Gayle, Lx)uisiana: 1 snake from Louisiana. Exchange.
Frye, Dr. T. C, State University, Seattle, Washington: 2 specimens of
mosses from Friday Harbor, Washington. Gift.

Gaylord, Mrs. Llsien Nathalie, Hotel Grayiyn, 20 Charlesgate, W. Boston,
Mass.: 46 specimens of mosses from the Atlantic Q)ast and the
eastern states. Gift.

Giff ard, Wm. M., Honolulu, T. H. : 320 bees of the family Megachilidae
(mostly Osmias) from Tahoe region, Calif. Gift.

Gifltord, E. W., Museum of Anthropology, Affiliated Colleges, San Fran-
cisco: 1 Gallicolutiiba riibescens, in flesh, Aviary specimen, native of
^^larquisas Islands.

GrafiF, A. J., Cazadero, Calif. : 17 specimens of plants from Cazadero,
Calif. Gift.

Gram, E., Cisco, Placer County, Calif. : 1 Oreortyx picta plumifera, in
flesh, from Placer County, Calif. Gift.

Griffin, Alice., El Verano, Calif.: 6 botanical specimens from Sonoma
County, Calif. Gift.

Grundell, J. G., Oakdale, Calif. : 77 insects taken at Cuero, Texas.

Grunsky, C. E., Mechanics' Institute Bldg., San Francisco : 2 pamphlets
(Collection Ant. W. M. Mensing, Amsterdam: Old Scientific Instru-
ments 1479-1800, text and plates. Gift.

Hack, Prof. Ingo, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 344 14th Street,
San Francisco : 1 Gila Monster collected near Casa Grande, Arizona,
by G. S. Woods of Casa Grande, Arizona. Gift.

Hale, Albert, Tacoma, Washington : 1 fossil shell from Vader, Wash-
ington. Gift.

Haley, George, 2311 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, Calif.: 56 specimens (bo-
tanical) and 10 insects from St. Paul Island. Gift.

Hanna, G. Dallas, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 1 lot
of fossil fishes from near Arroyo Grande, Calif., and 47 miscellaneous
pamphlets. Gift.

Hanna, Marcus A., Gulf Production Co., Houston, Texas: 20 lots of
foraminifera and small mollusca from Texas, Alabama and Louisi-
ana. Gift.

Hardman, Gertrude R., Tomales, Calif.: 4 specimens of plants from
Sonoma County, Calif. Gift.

Hart, Cecil., Route 2, Box 432, Los Angeles, Calif.: 23 botanical speci-
mens from Southern California. Gift.

Henderson, L. F., Hood River, Oregon : 627 plants from the Hood River
Valley, Oregon. Purchase.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 553

Hendricks, Russel, 1166 Guerrero Street, San Francisco: 1 Scapanus lati-
manus latimanus, from Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Gift.

Henry Sotheren & Co., London, England: 1 book (van Heurck, The
Microscope). Purchase.

Henns, Prof. W. B., University of California, Berkeley, Calif. : i7
lizards from Fanning Island. Gift.

Holmes Book Company, The, San Francisco, Calif. : 4 books : Barrows —
Voyages of Discovery, etc. ; Payer — New Lands within the Arctic
Circle; Atkinson — Oriental and Western Siberia; Davis — Narrative
of the North Pole Expedition, "Polaris". Purchase.

Houghton, Mifflin Company, San Francisco, Calif.: Complete works of
John Muir (10 volumes). Purchase.

Howarth, Fred J., Raton. New Mexico : 5 snakes and 6 lizards from
New Mexico. Gift.

Hudson, Dr. J. W., Ukiah, Calif. : 6 botanical specimens from Ukiah,
Calif. Gift.

Huguenin, J. C, 1810 15th Street, San Francisco, Calif. : 1870 insects,
largely from California. Gift.

Hunt, C. L., 212 4th Street, Marysvile, Calif.: 1 "Mill Pick" from the old
Buckeye Mill at Marysville, Calif. Gift.

Johnson, E. C, Bureau of Fisheries, L. C. Smith Bldg., Seattle, Wash-
ington : 1 Riparia riparia, in alcohol, from the Pribilof Islands. Gift.

Keifer, H. H., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif. :
10,753 insects from Revillagigedo Islands, and 1290 insects, mostly
micro-lepidoptera, taken about San Francisco. Exploration.

Kelly, Mrs. G. Earl, 1311 Grand Street, Alameda, Calif.: 28 specimens of
Oregon plants. Gift.

Klauber, L. M., San Diego, Calif. : 25 herpetological specimens from
San Diego, and 29 snakes, 99 lizards, 10 frogs, 4 salamanders from
San Diego and Imperial counties, 2 snakes from Washington, 1
lizard from Oregon. Gift.

Koelz, Prof. Walter, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. : 1
pair Mandt's Guillemot, 1 pair Iceland Gull, 1 pair Florida Cor-
morant, 1 pair Northern Eider, 1 pair Greater Snow Goose, 1 pair
Florida Clapper Rail, 1 pair Florida Screech Owl, 1 Black-headed
Jay, 1 Labrador Jay, 1 pair Florida Grackle, 1 pair Greater Ridpoll.
1 Migrant Shrike, 1 male Fish Crow. Exchange.

Koeltz, Walter, Dept. of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan : 8 specimens of birds. Exchange.

Kusche, J. August: 22 insects from California. Gift.

Labarthe, Jules, Berkeley, Calif.: 1 lizard from Nevada. Gift.

Larson, A. C, Alhambra, Calif.: 42 beetles from California. Gift.

April 28, 1926

554 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Lastreto, C. B., 260 California Street, San Francisco : The Periscope,
V. I, No. 9; The China Journal (of Arts and Sciences), V. II, No. 3;
Mid-Pacific Magazine, V. 29, No. 3; Proc. of the Pan-Pacific Food
Conservation Congress ; Bull, of the Pan-Pacific Union. N. Ser. No.
63, 64; Haldeman-Julius Monthly, Sept., Oct. 1925; The Auk, V, 39,
No. 4; 40, No. 2-4; 42, No. 1-4; The Condor, V. 24, No. 3-4; 25, No.
5; 24, No. 3-4; 27, No. 1-6; Calif. Acad. Sciences Proc. 4th Ser. T.
pp. & Ind. to Vol. XI, Vol. XII, Nos. 6, 23, 24, 29, 32-33; Vol. XIII,
Nos. 3, 5, 27-28; Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-11, 14-17; 19 copies of "The Scien-
tific Monthly"~ll copies of 1924, 8 copies of 1925. Gift.

Leach, E. R., 217 Hillside Ave., Piedmont, Calif.: 84 insects from Cali-
fornia, and 1 Nycteris borealis teliotis from Alameda Co., Calif. Gift.

Mackay, Mrs., 166 Saturn Street, San Francisco : 2 turtle shells from
the Galapagos Islands, and 1 box of miscellaneous shells and corals
from various parts of the world. Gift.

Macomber, A. K., Burlingame, Calif.: 1 set of antlers of Cervus schom-
hurgki. Gift.

Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco : 104
bird skins, 38 mammal skins and skulls, and 1 head of Redhead Duck
from Modoc County, Calif. Exploration.

Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco : 10
mammal skins and skulls from Placer County, Calif. ; 136 bird skins
from Placer County, Calif.; 9 mammal and 30 bird skins from
Siskijou County, Calif. ; 29 mammal skins and skulls from Josephine
Co., Oregon ; 9 mammal skins from Josephine Co., Oregon ; 69 bird
skins from Josephine Co., Oregon. Exploration.

Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 111
l)ird skins ; 5 mammal skins and skulls ; 3 mammal skins ; from Siski-
you County, Calif. Gift.

Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: Two
lots of freshwater mollusks Gift.

Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco : 16
land and freshwater shells from Siskiyou Co., Calif.; set of 14 photo-
graphs showing cutting and preparing the Big Tree (Sequoia gi-
gantea), "General Noble", for shipment to the World's Fair, Chicago,
in 1893. The tree grew in Fresno Co., Calif. A collection of fossil
shells from the Cretaceous near Hornbrook, Calif., and 80 Moths
taken in Modoc Co., Calif. Gift.

Martin, J. O., 2826 Kelsey Street, Berkeley, Calif. : 95 insects, mostly
from Del Norte Co., Calif., and 2 land shells from Areata, Humboldt
Co., Calif. Gift.

Mason, Frank, 5533 Pulaski Avenue, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. : 78
Hemiptera, mostly from Africa and India. Gift.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR I9^S $$$

Mayer, Mrs. L., 849 Fulton Street, San Francisco : A miscellaneous col-
lection of minerals, shells, etc.; Alaska garnets; black mica, Black
Hills, D. T. ; Tennessee marble, Madison, Indiana, Marble Works,
March 14, 1883; Indian spear head, Eagle Hollow, Oliva River,
Madison, Indiana, March 14, 1883 ; Toy monument made of U. S.
greenbacks redeemed and macerated, at the U. S. Treasury, estimated
at $5,000, manufactured 715 14th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C ;
1 pair toy Eskimo boots, Eskimo Village Mid- Winter Fair, Labrador
natives, April 21, 1894, 35 unlabeled minerals, Indian spear heads, etc.;
300 shells, pebbles and miscellaneous objects of various sorts. Gift.

McAllister, M. Hall, San Francisco : Proceedings of Calif. Acad. Sci.,
4th Series, Vol. XIV, Nos. 7, 8, 9, U, 13, 14, 15.

McDonald Miss Julia, 1221 Lombard Street, San Francisco, Calif. : 19
specimens of California plants. Gift.

McKell, David, Foxcroft Bldg., San Francisco, Calif. : 141 insects, mostly
butterflies, from Panama. Gift.

McLaren, John, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco : 1 adult Black Bear
(male) (skin); 1 raccoon (male); 1 kangaroo, in flesh; 1 Bison
bison subsp., in flesh, from Golden Gate Park. Gift.

McLellan, Miss M. E., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco :
115 bird skins from Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico; 1 mammal skin
and skull from Sinaloa, Mexico; 3 mammal skulls from Nayarit,
Mexico; 79 bird skins from Sinaloa, Mexico; 100 bird skins from
Sinaloa, Nayarit and Maria Madre Island, Mexico; 4 snakes, 3 liz-
ards, 1 toad from Sinaloa, Mexico; 3 mammal skins from Sinaloa
and Nayarit, Mexico; 29 bird skins from Nayarit, Mexico. Ex-
ploration.

Merguire, G. L.. 940 Oak Street, San Francisco : 1 Golden Eagle
(mounted) taken one mile back of Stanford University, Calif., in
1902 by Loring Merguire and John Meares. Gift.

Michael, Mrs. Enid. Yosemite, Calif. : 1 botanical specimen from Cali-
fornia. Gift.

Mitchell, Mrs. H., 1205 Hyde Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 2 specimens
of California plants. Gift.

Mouzin, Nick (for Charles White), Conservatory, Golden Gate Park,
San Francisco : 1 Lophodytes cucullattis, in flesh, from Marin County.
Gift.

Murray, R. H., San Mateo, Calif. : 63 insects from Beresford, San
Mateo Co., Calif. Gift.

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. : 5 lizards from
Peru, 10 frogs and 4 lizards from Africa, 1 lizard from Ecuador, 2
frogs from Costa Rica. Exchange.

Myszka, C. S., Ukiah, Calif. : 4 specimens of plants from Ukiah, Calif.
Gift.

^±i\\\%^^^^

556 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Nast, Dr. Ernest, 4112 24th Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 291 insects,
largely moths, taken in the Sierra.

National Herbarium, The, Washington, D. C. : 428 miscellaneous botani-
cal specimens. Exchange.

Orcutt, C. R., San Diego, Calif. : 3 specimens of Epiphragmaphora or-
cutti Dall, from original lot. Gift.

Osterhout, Dr. W. J. V., The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,
N. Y.: Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. Ill Series, Vol. I, No. 6, 18 copies;
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. Ill Series, Vol. II, No. 8, 127 copies; Calif.
Acad. Sci. Proc. Ill Series, Vol. II, No. 11, 31 copies; Calif. Acad.
Sci. Proc. Repr. Ill Series, Vol. II, No. 11, 36 copies; Univ. of Calif.
Contributions from Botany Lab. No. 4, 36 copies (reprint from the
Proceedings of the C. A. S. Ill Ser. Bot., Vol. I.)

Pacific Oil Co., and Associated Oil Co., 79 New Montgomery Street, San
Francisco : Drill cores from 273 wells containing a very large col-
lection of fossils micro-organisms. Gift,

Paul Elder & Company, San Francisco, California : Breasted — History
of Egypt. Purchase.

Phillips, Warren, Game Warden, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. :
1 Canis ochropus ochropus, in flesh, and 1 raccoon (male) from
Golden Gate Park. Gift.

Peers, Miss Susie M., 52 Hillway Avenue, San Francisco : Current issues
of "Science", for 1925. Gift.

Piazza, Enrico, 1312 Adams Street, Brownsville, Texas : 579 moths,
mostly from Texas. Purchase.

Piper, C. v., Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. : 3 botanical
specimens from Oregon. Gift.

Pomeroy, C. S., Bureau of Plant Industry, Riverside, Calif. : 1 specimen
of plant from Riverside, Calif. Gift.

Purdy, Carl, Ukiah, Calif.: 4 botanical specimens from Ukiah, Calif.
Gift.

Ramp, Henry, Kenwood, Calif. : 2 specimens of plants from Kenwood,
CaHf. Gift.

Reagan, Dr. A. B., Cornfields via Canada, Arizona : 36 land shells, col-
lected at mouth of Gorge, 1 mile below Snowflake, Arizona. Gift.

Reimers, Milton A., Montebello, Calif.: 1 botanical specimen from Los
Angeles, Calif. Gift.

Revillagigedos Expedition, California Academy of Sciences: 320 bird
skins from the Revillagigedos, Tres Marias, Isabel, Guadalupe, etc. ;
1 bottle of birds in alcohol; 8 bottles of bird crops in alcohol; 10
mammal skins and skulls from Tres Marias, etc. ; 1 bottle bones ;
1 bottle mammals in alcohol; 214 bird skins from Alijos Rock, Gua-
dalupe, Clarion and Socorro Islands. Exploration.

Vol. XIV] EVERMANN— DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 SS7

Richards, Mrs. Virginia, S. S. Sierra, San Francisco : 1 pamphlet, Aus-
tralian Museum Magazine. Gift.

Richards, Mrs. J. E., 2355 Polk Street, San Francisco, Calif. : 3 botanical
specimens from Salinas, Calif. Gift.

Rixford, G. P., 1813 Pierce Street, San Francisco, Calif.: 6 botanical
specimens from Santa Barbara, Calif. Gift.

Roberts, V., Flannigan, Nevada : 1 piece of Iceland Spar from Washoe

Co., Nevada. Gift.
Robertson, G. D., Associated Oil Company, Los Angeles, California: 20

fossil shells from the Carboniferous of Colorado. Gift.

Robbins, Mrs. Lloyd M., 2203 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, Calif.:

1 nest from Paraguay. Gift.
Rose, Dr. J. N., National Herbarium, Washington, D. C. : 24 botanical

specimens and 2 photographs of Dudleya. Exchange.

Royal Herbarium, Kew, Surrey, England: 112 Stolz African plants
from near Lake Nyassa, 622 botanical specimens from the Himalaya
Mts. Duthies Indian Plants, 175 Stolz African plants from near Lake
Nyassa, 24 West Indian plants. Exchange.

Ruiz, Marian N., Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico : Ruiz — Nueva Teoria Cos-
mica. Gift.

St. Helens Petroleum Co., California : Fossil moUusks from oil well
core, Sunset-Midway Field, Calif. Gift.

Shenefield, S. J., Steinhart Aquarium, San Francisco: 1 Scapanus lati-
manus latimanus, in flesh, from Golden Gate Park. Gift.

Slevin, J. R., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco : 1350
specimens of reptiles and amphibians from States of Oaxaca, Vera
Cruz, and Federal District of Mexico. Exploration.

Slevin, J. R., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 1 lot of
land snails from Mexico; 6 specimens of land snails from Federal
District of Mexico ; and 1 land snail from Oaxaca, Mexico. Gift.

Slevin, Louis S., Carmel, Calif.: 557 insects, mostly moths, taken about
Carmel, Calif. Gift.

Showalter, A. N., Palo Alto, Calif. : 8 specimens of Hepatics from north-
ern California. Gift.

Smith, H. J. : 1 large harlequin beetle from Panama. Gift.

Smith, Raymond L., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,
Calif. : 1 botanical specimen from California. Gift.

Soares, A. J., Hayward, Calif.: 1 botanical specimen from California.
Gift.

Stacey, J. W. : 1 book (Methods of Descriptive Systematic Botany).
Purchase.

Standley, Paul C, U. S. National Museum. Washington : 1 pamphlet
(Estudios Entomologicos). Gift.

558 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

Stechert, G. E. : 8 volumes, Verlandlungen, Zool.-Bot. Verins, Wien
(Vols. 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, Z2, 42, 43). Purchase.

Steinbeck, J. W., 611 Bristol Avenue, Stockton, Calif.: 1 Polyplectron
chinquis, in flesh (domestic), 1 Gallicoluviba ruhescens, in flesh, aviary
specimen from Marquesas Islands ; 1 Goura victoria, in flesh (domes-
tic). Gift.

Steinhart Aquarium, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif.: 1 Phoca
richardi geronimensis, juvenile, in flesh, San Francisco ; 1 turtle from
India; 3 salamanders from Virginia. Gift.

Sutliffe, Mrs. E. C, 700 Lake Street, San Francisco, Calif. : 20 botanical
specimens from Salmon Lake, Calif, Gift.

Swartz, Mrs. Peter, 3220 Alission Street, San Francisco : 1 mounted
specimen of squirrel from Guatemala. Gift

U. S. Customs, through Mr. F. Morales : 1 Quetzel. Gift.

U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. : U. S. Official
Postal Guide, July, 1925. Purchase.

U. S. Naval Receiving Station Personnel, Pier 14, Embarcadero, San
Francisco: 5 specimens of Heloderma horridum (Mexican Beaded
Lizard). Gift.

Van Duzee, Edward P., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,
Calif.: The Van Duzee Collection of Hemiptera, containing about
30,000 specimens. Gift.

Van Duzee, E. P., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco : 1732
insects from western Oregon, and 776 insects, mostly from Mill
Valley, Calif. Exploration.

Van Duzee, E. P., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 2
Neotoma fuscipes fuscipes, in flesh, from Marin County, California.
Gift.

Van Dyke, Dr. E. C, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. : 1494 in-
sects from Oregon and eastern Washington, and 657 miscellaneous
insects, largely from California. Gift.

Van Dyke, Dr. Edwin C, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. : The
Van Dyke Collection of Coleoptera, about 100,000 specimens. Gift

Van Dyke, Dr. E. C, Berkeley, Calif.: 8 toads and 1 salamander from
Washington ; 2 frogs, 1 snake and 3 lizards from California. Gift.

Vortriede, William, Sacramento, Calif.: 80 botanical specimens from
Eldorado County, Calif. Gift.

Walther, Eric, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif.: 115 specimens
of exotic plants and 66 insects from Golden Gate Park, San Fran-
cisco. Gift.

Ward, Melbourne, Sydney, Australia: 5 lizards from Australia. Gift.

Webb, Mary E., 26 Micheltorena Street, Santa Barbara, Calif. : 2 bo-
tanical specimens from Ventura, Calif. Gift.

Vol. XIV] ErERMANN—DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1925 c^^i)

VVerdermann, Dr. E., Santiago, Chile: 300 specimens of Chilian plants,
mostly new. Purchase.

Werdermann, Dr. E., Casilla 3457, Santiago, Qiile : 376 botanical speci-
mens from Chile. Purchase.

White, Mary E., Waldo, Oregon : 20 botanical specimens from Waldo,
Oregon. Gift.

Williman, E., Pescadero, Calif. : 2 snakes and 1 lizard from Pescadero,
Calif. Gift.

Woods, Frank M., Argonaut Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. : 3 books :
Schwatka's Hunting and Fishing Adventures in the Arctic Regions,
White's Rediscovered Country, and Wright's Grizzly Bear; also 171
miscellaneous insects from about San Francisco, Calif. Gift.

Wright, Mrs. Dora E., San Francisco, Calif. : 4 pieces of highly fossili-
ferous limestone from Taishau, Chile Province, China. Gift.

Wright, Mrs. E. C, Mono Lake, Calif. : 71 plants from the Mono Lake
region, California. Gift.

Wright, John T., Eureka Garage, Eureka, Calif. : 1 fossil coral from
Taishan, China ; 53 bird skins from Humboldt County, California ;
11 bird skins from Trinity Co., California; 30 bird skins from Hum-
boldt County, California; 1 Sus, mounted head; 1 Sus, skull; 1 Hy-
dropotes inermis, mounted head ; 1 Felis chinensis, from China. Gift.

Zanelli, Cecilia, Plantation. Calif.: 1 botanical specimen from California.
Gift.

5^ • CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES fpROC. 4rii Sen.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF THE TREASURER

For the fiscal year ending December 31, 1925

January 1, 1925, Balance with Crocker National Bank $ 3,374.61

Receipts:

Dues $ 4,327.75

Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endow-
ment Income 1,693.05

James Lick Endowment Income 68,137.11

General Income 17,918.61

John W. Hendrie Endowment Income 960.00

U. S. Treasury Certificates 6,000.00

Bills Receivable 11,000.00

Bills Receivable, Ignatz Steinhart Trust.... 10,000.00

Ignatz Steinhart Trust Interest 535.00

Interest 835.54

Ogden Mills Donation 1,000.00

Publication 647.01

W. G. Wright Fund 56.00

Wild Life Protection Fund 600.00

Post Card Sales 1,534.84

Tools and Equipment 50.00

Park Birds Hand Book Fund 20.00

Sundry Accounts 510.90

$125,825.81

$129,200.42

Vol. XIV] McALLlSTER— TREASURER'S REPORT FOR 19^5 561

REPORT OF THE TREASURER— Continued

Expenditures:

Interest $13,277.43

Contingent Fund 546.51

Salary Expense General 18,655.82

Museum Department Appropriations 11,570.88

Museum Department Salaries 14,212.69

Publication 3,557.62

Holbrook Installation 1,796.19

Grizzly Bear Group 318.39

Library 3,940.55

Steinhart Aquarium Equipment 3,188.40

Bills Receivable, Ignatz Steinhart Trust 10,000.00

Bills Payable 15,000.00

Bills Receivable 16,000.00

U. S. Treasury Certificates 2,000.00

Revillagigedos Expedition 2,435.27

Sundry Creditors 11,449.34

Expense 2,615.88

Wild Life Protection Fund 302.40

Insurance 1,663.16

Earthquake Sinking Fund 400.00

$132,930.53

December 31, 1925, Balance due the Crocker National Bank... $ 3,730.11

M. Hall McAllister, Treasurer.

Examined and found correct,

McLaren, Goode & Co., Certified Public Accountants.
San Francisco, Calif., February 17, 1926.

5^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tb Se*.

INCOME AND OPERATING EXPENSES

For the fiscal year, January 1, 1925, to December 31, 1925

Jncome:

Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment

Income $ 1,693.05

James Lick Endowment Income 68,137.11

General Income 17,918.61

Dues 4,427.75

Interest from Temporary Investments 835.54

Profit on Post Card Sales 620.20

Total Income $93,632.26

Expenditures:

General Expense $ 2,945.63

Salaries 32,149.33

Interest 13,277.43

Insurance 1,697.16

Total Expenditures $50,069.55

Net Income Transferred to Surplus Accoimt. $43,562.71

Vol. X1V3 ■ Mcy4LLISTER~TREASURER'S REPORT FOR ms 563

SUMMARY OF SURPLUS ACCOUNT

December 31, 1925

Balance January 1. 1925 $434,370.21

Additions:

Net Income for Year ended December 31, 1925. $43,562.71

Sale of Microscope 50.00

Henry M. Holbrook Bequest of Dec. 4, 1924... 2,000.00
Income from J. W. Hendrie Endowment

Account 4,335.00

W. G. Wright Fund 97.92

Total Additions to Surplus $ 50,045.63

$484,415.84

DeduciioYis:

Depreciation :

Office Furniture $ 292.60

Commercial Building 10,336.37

Museum Building 3,840.52

Tools and Equipment 867.54

$ 15,337.03

Surplus, December 31, 1925 $469,078.81

5^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser.

IGNATZ STEINHART TRUST

December 31, 1925

AfHount of Fund:

Bequest from the Ignatz Steinhart Estate $250,000.00

Interest from temporary investments 56,012.70

$306,012.70

Disposition of Fund:

Steinhart Aquarium Construction $263,390.29

Steinhart Aquarium Equipment 26,901.73

Temporary Investments :

Bills Receivable 10,000.00

Revolving Fund 5,000.00

Uninvested cash on hand 720.68

$306,012.70

Vol. XI\'] McALLISTER— TREASURER'S REPORT FOR 1925 565

BALANCE SHEET

December 31, 1925

Assets
Property:

Real Estate, 831-833 Market Street $600,000.00

Commercial Building, 833 Market Street 516,818.66

Real Estate, Jessie Street 8,083.65

$1,124,902.31

Museum, Golden Gate Park :

Construction $192,025.92

General Collections 158,482.01

Library and Equipment 95,103.11

Tools and Equipment ?>6,779.7i

Office Furniture 4,179.96

$ 486,570.73

Investment Securities 14,200.00

Ignatz Steinhart Trust :

Bills Receivable $ 10,000.00

Steinhart Aquarium Construction 263,390.29

Steinhart Aquarium Equipment 26,901.73

Steinhart Aquarium Revolving Fund 5,000.00

Uninvested cash on hand 720.68

$ 306,012.70

Current Assets :

Bills Receivable $ 13,000.00

Foreign Exchange 36.84

Post Cards in Stock 2,495.99

Cash on hand 124.78

Sundry Accounts 143.10

$ 15.800.71

Total $1,947,486.45

5^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc. 4th Se«.

BALANCE SHEET— Continued

Liabilities
Endowments:

James Lick Endowment $804,902.31

Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment. 20,000.00
John W. Hendrie Endowment 13,600.00

$ 838,502.31

Ignatz Steinhart Trust :

Ignatz Steinhart Trust $250,000.00

Ignatz Steinhart Trust Interest 56,012.70

$ 306,012.70

Alvord Bequest Botanical 5,000.00

W. G. Wright Fund 81.28

Ogden Mills Donation ,... 1,000.00

Park Birds Hand Book Fund 20.00

Wild Life Protection Fund 432.56

Reserve for Depreciation 86,508.74

Bills Payable 235,000.00

Sundry Creditors 1,399.26

Amount due Ignatz Steinhart Trust $ 720.68

Crocker National Bank (overdraft) 3730.11

$ 4,450.79

Surplus 469,078.81

Total $1,947,486.45

W. W. Sargeant,
Secretary,

Board of Trustees.

We have examined the foregoing Balance Sheet, together with the
books and accounts of the California Academy of Sciences, and, in our
opinion, it is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view
of the Academy's affairs, as shown by the books.

McLaren, Goode & Co.,
Certified Public Accountants.
San Francisco, Calif.
February 17, 1926.

INDEX TO VOLUME XIV, FOURTH SERIES

New names in heavy-faced type

abditue, Cydanius, 394
aboria immaculata, Hyla, 91

japonica, Hyla, 91
abrupta, Turritella robusta, 59

Turritella supraconcava, 59
acanthica, Melanatria, 52
Accessions to Museum and Library ior

1925, 549
actia, Otocoris alpestris, 297, 298
Actitis niacularia, 293
acuminata, Leda, 60
acus, Nomia, 188

Nomia melanderi, 188
acutipennis inferior, Chordeiles, 296
acutirostra, Corbula (Cuneocorbula), 63
acutisinuata, Leda, 66
acutus, Cyrtolobus, 409
addendus, CEcleus, 406
adumbrata, Eleodes, 332, 333
a-neolus, Dendryphantes, 135, 138
aerjualis, Argoporis, 331
jequicincta, Pitaria (Lamelliconcha)
cora, 68

Tellina (Eurytellina), 69
sequifilicatum. Turbo belli, 56
Aequipecten, 4
(Aequipecten) percarus, Pecten, 13, 14,

26 (pi. 2)
Aeronautes melanoleucus, 296
affine, Cardium, 62
afifinis, Cardium, 62

Cardium (Trigoniocardia), 62
Cytherea, 65
Hemicardia, 62, 65
Orthotylus, 400
Agapostemon borealis, 191
digueti, 191
texanus, 191
texanus iowensis, 191
texanus subtilior, 191
texanus vandykei, 191
(Agaronia) peruviana, Olivancillaria, 53
Agkistrodon blonihoffii brevicaudus, 99

blomhoffii intermedius, 102
Agrilus blandus, 325
alba, Guara, 290
Albatross, Black-footed, 283
albatrus, Diomedea, 283
albida barretti, Terebra, 456
albida (?), Turris, 456
(Albidis) bradleyi, Corbula, 64
albociliatus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 288
albonotatus, Scaphoideus, 419
albopilosus, Panurginus, 198
albulus, Perognathus penicillatus, 317
aletes, Pecten (Pecten), 8. 26 (pi. 2)

aleuticus, Ptychoramphus, 280
alexandrinus, Epiniys rattus, 316
Aligia californica, 411, 412, 413
colei, 412

inscripta, 410, 411, 412, 413
modesta occidentalis, 413
almus, Euscelis, 421
(Aloidis) prenuncia, Corbula, 64
alpestris actia, Otocoris, 297, 298
alpinus, Dismodicus, 115
Tortembolus, 115
alta, Lanx, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 154, 158
alternata, Cuma, 51, 55

Solenosteira, 51, 55
alticola, Eleodes parvicoUis, 387, 388
altilira, Terebra, 458
Turritella, 56
Turritella sp. cf., 56
altilirata, Turritella, 56
alturana, Turritella, 56
alutacea, Argoporis, 331
Amara insignis, ZZ2
americana, Callianassa, 70
Colletes, 186

peninsularis, Antilocapra, 320
americanum, Diastoma, 51

Sycuni, 55
americanus, Numenius, 293
Amiantis incrassata ovoidalis, 60
amica, Telabis, 373
Ammonitidae, 78
Ammospermophilus leucurus peninsulse,

318
Amphidora tenebrosa, 338
Amphispiza belli, 300

bilineata deserticola, 300
Amphistegina niasi, 4
amplus, Carpodacus, 298
Ampullina gabbi, 49
(Ampullina) gabbi, Natica, 49
Ampullina ortoni, 49
paytensis, 49
woodsi, 48, 49
amurensis, Takydromus, 94
Amusium, 7

Amyda maackii, 100, 103
amygdala, Bullaria, 443

(Anadara) nelsoni. Area, 61
septifera, Area, 61
toroensis. Area, 61
toroensis crassa. Area, 61
toroensis prolata. Area, 61
Anatina, 64

Anatomy of Lanx, a Limpet-like Lym-
naeid Mollusk, by H. Burrington
Baker, 143

anatum, Falco peregrinus, 295

November 5, 1926.

568

CALIPORHIA ACADEMT OF SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th Seb..

anceps, Turritella, 56
Ancylidae, 143, 147, 160
andersoni, Pecten, 17
andrewsi, Colletes, 186
angelana, Chione (Chione), 63
angelarum, Anthidtum, 345, 349, 351
angelicum, Anthidiuni, 347
anglicanus, Ceratinopsis, 110
angulata, Oliva, 452
angulatum, 357, 359, 361
(Angulus) pressa, Tellina, 69
(Angulus ?) singewaldi, Tellina, 69
angustirima, Cypraea, 51
asgustirostris, Macrorhinus, 309
Anicius, 131

dolius, 131, 132 (fig.)
Anisotarsus flebilis, 323
anna, Calypte, 297
Anna's Hummingbird, 297
annectens, Turritella, 56
anomala, Solenosteira, 453, 484 (pi. 20)
Anomia berryi, 60

sp. ind., 60

subcostata, 430, 460, 471, 490
(pl. 23)
Antelope, Lower California, 320
Anthidiellum, 361

compactum, 362

cucullatum, 362

ehrhomi, 362

eiseni, 362

gilense, 362

leucorhinum, 361

perplexum, 362

robertsoni, 362

robertsoni citrinellum, 362

strigatum, 361

strigatum luteum, 361

tegwaniense, 362

truncatiforme, 361
Anthidiine Bees in the Collection of the
California Academy of Sciences, by
T. D. A. Cockerell, 345
Anthidium, 361

angelarum, 345, 349, 351

angelicum, 347

angulatum, 357, 359, 361

aridum, 352, 353

astragali, 355

atriventre, 346

banningense, 356, 359

bemardinum, 351, 352, 353, 354

bernardinum aridum, 352

bernardinum fragariellum, 352,
353

bemardinum wilsoni, 3S2, 353

blanditum, 347, 351, 353

blanditum pecosense, 352

brachyurum, 359

califomicum, 355, 356

divisum, 350, 351

Anthidium, divisum nanuliim, 350, 351
divisum omatifroa*, 350, 351

emarginatum, 349, 354, 357

emarginatum atripes, 346, 354

flavicaudum, 359

fontis, 348, 351

fresnoense, 347, 348, 351

hamatum, 358, 359

hesperium, 346, 349, 351

illustre, 365

lucidum. 361

lupinellum, 355

maculosum, 355

montivagum, 358

mormonum, 351, 352, 353, 358

nebrascense, 345, 346

palHventre, 347, 355, 356

pecosense, 351, 352, 353

pecosense fragariellum, 351, 353

pecosense fragariellum wilsoni,
353

pecosense wilsoni, 360

permaculatum, 349, 350, 351

plumarium, 356

puncticaudum, 360, 361

sagittipictum, 350

serranum, 366

spinosum, 359

tenuiflorae. 347, 355, 356

titusi, 345, 346, 361

tricuspidum, 354

xanthoirnathum, 347, 351
anthidius, Spinoliella, 195, 197
Anthony, A. W., Expedition to Guada-
lupe Island, Mexico, in 1922; The
Birds and Mammals, 277
Anthony's Pocket Mouse, 317

Towhee, 300
anthonyi, Perognathus, 317
(Anthophorula) chioaura, Elxomalopsis,

203
antillarum. Sterna, 283
antillea, Lepidocyclina, 71
Antilocapra americana peninsularis, 320
antiquata, Echinochama, 465
apachecus, Dendryphantei, 136, 137 (fig.)
Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca, 298
Aphera peruana, 49
(Aphera) peruana, Cancellaria, 49
apicalis, TrichochroUB, 324
aquila, Fregata, 290
aquilae, Halictus, 189
Arachnida, 171
arata, Eleodes, 384
araucana, Nucula, 67
arbolensis, Pema, 68
Area, 5

(Anadara) nelsoni, 61
septifera, 61
toroensis, 61
toroensis crassa, 61

Vol. XIV]

r\DEX

569

Area (Anadara) toroetisis prolata, 61
(Cunearca) sp. ind., 62

zorrttensts, 62
larkinii, 60
modesta, 61
(Noetia) cholana, 60

modesta, 60
obesiformis, 61
raimondii, 61
retractata, 60, 61
reversa, 61

(Scapharca) charanensis. 60
crescens, 60
hispaniolana, 60
fissicosta, 60
imporcata, 60
larkinii, 60
obesiformis, 61
pantheonensis, 61
singewaldi, 61
singewaldi doma, 61
vanholsti, 62
zapotalensis, 62
septifera, 61
tuberculata, 6
valdiviana, 62
zorritensis, 69
Architectonica granulata, 442

quadriceps, 442, 484 (pi. 20)
Arcidae, 461

arcinella, Echinochama, 465
Arctocephalus townsendi, 241, 306
Ardea herodias sanctilucae, 291
Area retractata, 48
Arenaria interpres morinella, 294

melanocephala, 294
(Argina) suUanensis, Scapharca, 68
Argobuccinum zorritense, 49, S3
Argoporis aequalis, 331
alutacea, 331
bicolor, 331
costipennis, 331
ebenina, 330, 331
impressa, 330
inconstans, 331
nitida, 331
argus, Eremias, 95
Argyrocoris, 401

arida, Exomalopsis pulchella, 202, 203
aridum, Anthidium, 352, 353

Anthidium bemardinum, 352
aridus, Parthenicus, 402
(Arietidae), 78
arizonensis, Ericrocis, 201
Halictus, 190
Xylocopa, 214
armata, Eleodes, 334, 335, 336
Amioceras Humboldt i, 79

woodhulli, 77, 78, 79
amoldi, Carcharodon, 483, 490 (pi. 23)
Corbula, 64

arvensiformis, Sphecodes, 191, 192
arvensis, Sphecodes, 192
Ash-colored Cottontail, 319
Ashmeadiella crassa, 207
howardi, 206
mcliloti, 207
Ashy-gray White-footed Mouse, 315
asiaticus, Bufo bufo, 90
asininus, Hylseus, 186
asperata, Eleodes, 382
aspilurus, Halictus, 190
astragali, Anthidium, 355
Astragalinus praltria hesperophilus, 299
atahuallpai, Clavilithes, 44, 48, 50, 72

(pl. 7)
ater, Orcinus, 302

atolmus, Ceratinopsts, 110, 111 (fig.)
atramentata, Perdita exclamans, 194
atriceps, Panurginus, 198
Atrina oldroydi, 461

stephensi, 461, 498 (pi. 27)
atripes, Anthidium emarginatum, 346, 354
atriventre, Anthidium, 346
atriventris, Camptobrochis, 395
attenuata, Bullaria striata, 442
Atymna, 408
auburyi, Pecten, 10
Audubon's Caracara, 295
Auklet, Cassin's, 280
aura septentrionalis, Cathartes, 295
auricularia, Lymnsea, 158
auritus albociliatus, Phalacrocorax, 288
aurulenta, Buprestris, 325
australior, Spinoliella, 196
australis, Chelostoma, 206

Chelostomopsis, 206

Diadasia, 204

nanus, Chelostomopsis, 206
Aviculariidae, 105
Axinaea paytensis, 62, 65
aztecus, Pecten, 10
Azurina hirundo, 239

B

baccharidis, Parthenicus, 401

Baccharis, 401

bachmani cerrosensis, Sylvilagus, 319
cinerascens, Sylvilagus, 319
exiguus, Sylvilagus, 319
Hsematopus, 294

baculifrons, Dianthidium parvum, 36S

Baker, Fred, A New Species of Mollusk
(Dcntalium hannai) from Lower Cali-
fornia, with Notes on Other Forms,
83

Baker, H. Burrington, Anatomy of
Lanx, a Limpet -like Lymnaeid Mol-
lusk, 143

Balaenidae, 302

Balaenoptera physalus, 301

570

CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Balanus, 5, 6

sp., 5
balli, Dianthidium, 366

Vanduzeeina, 391, 392
banningense, Anthidium, 356, 359
Barbatia sp. ind., 62
Barnea, 462

costata, 462, 500 (pi. 28)
barretti, Terebra albida, 456
bartschi, Eutettix, 422
basalis, Cixius, 404, 405
Basommatophora, 160
Bat, Western, 303
Bathyphantes dentichelis, 123 (fig.)

micaria, 121, 122 (fig.), 123

wana, 121, 122 (fig.), 123
beali, Pecten (Pecten), 10, 11, 26 (pi. 2),

32 (pi. 5)
Bees in the Collection of California
Academy of Sciences, by T. D. A.
Cockerel], 185
Belding's Rail, 291
Belding Sparrow, 299
beldingi, Passerculus, 299

Rallus, 291
Bell's Sparrow, 300
belli aquifilicatum. Turbo, 56

Amphispiza, 300

Turbo, 56
bellus, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3, 8
benitensis, Helops, 339
bennettii, Lepus californicus, 318
Bernardina, 83

bemardinum, Anthidium, 351, 352, 353,
354

aridum, Anthidium, 352

fragariellum, Anthidium, 352, 353

wilsoni, Anthidium, 352, 353
berryi, Anomia, 60

Conus, 50

Crassatellites (Scambula), 46, 64
bctheli, Melanostelis, 207
Bezauconia pupoidea, 49
Bibliography, Coyote Mountain Fossils,
440

Pectens of Lower California, 23
bicolor, Argoporis, 331
bifastigata, Turritella, 57
bifrons, Dismodicus, 115

Spondylus, 477
bilineata deserticola, Amphispiza, 300
Binneya notabilis, 228
Black Killer, 302

Oystercatcher, 294

Petrel, 287

Phoebe, 297

Tern, 283

Turnstone, 294
Black-bellied Plover, 293
Black-footed Albatross, 283
Black-vented Shearwater, 284

Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr., Expedition to
Guadalupe Island, Mexico, in 1922;
The Coleoptera, 321
Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr., Studies in the
Tenebrionidae, No. 2, (Coleoptera),
369
blaisdelli, Triepeolus, 202
blanditum, Anthidium, 347, 351, 353

pecosense, Anthidium, 352
blandus, Agrilus, 325
blomhoffii brevicaudus, Agkistrodon, 99

intermedius, Agkistrodon, 102
bocapanensis, Conus, 51
Bombina orientalis, 90
Bombus sonorus, 214
borealis, Agapostemon, 191

Cacopoides, 91

calurus, Buteo, 279, 295

Vanduzeeina, 392, 393
bostrychites, Spondylus, 477, 478, 492

(pl. 24)
bosworthi, Meretrix, 66

Turritella, 57
bowersi, Clypeaster, 431, 479

Diploria, 481

Maeandra, 481
Brachybothrium shoshoneum, 105, 106

(fig.)
Brachyramphus hypoleucus, 280
brachyurum, Anthidium, 359
bradleyi, Cancellaria, 49

Corbula, 64

Corbula (Albidis), 64
Brandt's Cormorant, 288, 289
bravoana, Corbula (Cuneocorbula), 64
bravoi, Conus molis, 51
brevicauda, Thryomanes, 279
brevicaudus, Agkistrodon blomhofifii, 99
Brewster's Woodpecker, 296
brewsteri, Centurus uropygialis, 296
Brown Pelican, California, 290
brunneus, Parthenicus, 400
bryanti, Neotoma, 316
bryoniana (radiata), Tivela, 6
buccata, Columbella, 50
bufo asiaticus, Bufo, 90
Bufo bufo asiaticus, 90
Bulla paupercula, 443

sp., 49

striata, 442
Bullaria amygdala, 443

paupercula, 443

striata, 442, 443, 484 (pl. 20)

striata attenuata, 442
bulleri, Puffinus, 285
Buprestis aurulenta, 325
Burrowing Owl, 296
Bursidae, 45

burtti, Clavilithes, 44, 48, .50, 72 (pl. 7)
buski, Ostrea, 67
Buteo borealis calurus, 279, 295

Vol. XIV]

INDEX

?7l

Butorides virescens frazari, 291

Cacopoides borealis, 91
cacuniinatus, Conus, 51
caestuin, Vasum, 459
cahuilla, Deltocephalus, 417
Calathus guadalupensis, 323

obscurus, 322
calcifer, Spondylus, 477
California Brown Pelican, 290

Gray Whale, 301

Horned Lark, 297

Sea Lion, 304
californianus, Geococcyx, 296

Tagelus, 479

Zalophus, 304
californica, Aligia, 411, 412, 413

Celia, 322

Coccinella, 328

Echinochama, 465

Hippnoe, 480

hypoleuca, Aphelocoma, 298

Nomia, 188

Plesiastrea, 482

Pseudomelecta, 201

Siderastrea, 482

vallicola, Lophortyx, 294

Vanduzeeina, 391, 392, 393

Xylocopa, 214
californicum, Anthidium, 355, 356
californicus bennettii, Lepus, 318

magdalenae, Lepus, 319

martirensis, Lepus, 318

Pelecaius, 290
Callanthidium, 365

conspicuuni, 366

formosum, 366

forinosum pratense, 3S6

illustre, 365, 366

illustre serranum, 366
calli, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 16, 17, 30

(pl. 4)
Callianassa americana, 70

parinasensis, 70
callidus, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 20, 21,

22. 32 (pl. 5)
Calliopsis coloradensis, 198

pugionis, 197

visaliensis, 195
Calliostoma, 6

(Eutrochus) noduliferum, 49
Callista (Macrocallista) dickersoni, 62
callura, Stelis, 212, 213
calogaster, Megachile wootoni, 204
caloosaensis. Pinna, 476
Calosoma semilaeve, 322
calurus, Buteo borealis, 279, 295
Calypte anna, 297

costae, 297
campanularum, Gyrodroma, 206

Camptobrochis atriventris, 39S
rufiventris, 395
slevini, 395

camura, Dolium (Malea), 51

Malea, 450
Cancellaria (Aphera) peruana, 49

bradleyi, 49

dariena, 444

larkinii, 49

obesa, 444, 484 (pi. 20)

spatiosa, 49

triangularis, 49

urceolata, 444
candidus, Parthenicus, 401
canescens, Parthenicus, 402
Canis peninsulae, 303
capitatus, Dendryphantes, 134, 135, 136
Caracara, Audubon's, 295

Guadalupe, 295
carbonaria, Eleodes, 380, 385
Carcharodon arnoldi, 483, 490 (pl. 23)
Cardiidas, 462
Cardinal, San Lucas, 300
Cardinalis cardinalis igneus, 300
cardinalis igneus, Cardinalis, 300
Cardium, 462

affine, 62

affinis, 62

pertenue, 62

procurvatum, 62

sp. ind., 62

spiekeri, 48, 62, 65

subaucanum, 63

tenuimargo, 63

(Trachycardium) peruvianum, 62
zorritensis, 63

(Trigoniocardia) affinis, 62
carnifex, Stelis, 212, 213
carolinensis, Pandion haliaetus, 295

Pellenes, 142
Carpodacus amplus, 298

mcgregori, 279, 298

mexicanus dementis, 298
frontalis, 298
carrizensis, Eusmilia, 481

Porites, 481
carrizoensis, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3, It,

470
Cassin's Auklet, 280

Cassis subtuberosa, 444, 445, 484 (pl. 20),
502 (pl. 29)

sulcifera, 445

tuberosa, 444, 445
castigatorius, Diplocephalus, 115
catalinensis, Halictus (Seladonia), 191
cataractes, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3, 9
Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 295
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus,

292
Catorama pusillum, 340

572

CALIFORHIA ACADEMY OP SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th See.

cavachana, Macrocallista, 47, 48, 66, 72

(pi. 7)
cayennensis, Donax cf., 6
Cedros Island Cottontail, 319

White-footed Mouse, 314

White-tailed Deer, 319

Wood Rat, 316
cedrosensis, Peromyscus eremicus, 314
Celia califomica, 322
Centrioptera pectoralis, 330

spiculifera, 330
Centurus uropygialis brewsteri, 296
Cephalapis jacintana, 206
Ceraticelus creolus, 109, 110 (fig.)

emertoni, 109

nubiliceps, 110
Ceratina dupla, 215

nanula, 214, 215

pacifica, 215

tejonensis, 214
Ceratinopsis anglicanus, 110

atolmus, 110, 111 (fig.)
Cerenopus concolor, 332
Cerianthidium inerme, 361
Cerithium chatwini, 49

grillanum, 50

incisum, 445

infranodatum, 50

laviusculum, 50

negritosesnse, SO

paytense, 50, 52

paytensis, 42
cerroensis [cerrosensis], Odocoileus, 266
cerrosensis mendenhalli, Pecten (Plagi-
octenium), 2, 3, 16, 19, 20, 24, (pi. 1)

Odocoileus, 319

Odocoileus [cerroensis], 266

Pecten (Plagioctenium) 15, 16,
19, 20, 21, 22, 34 (pi. 6), 473

Sylvilagus bachmani, 319
Chama frondosa, 463
chamjesarachae, Perdita, 192
Qiamberlin, Ralph V., Expedition to
the Gulf of California in 1921, The
Phalangida, 171
Chamberlin, Ralph V., New North

American Spiders, 105
Charadrius nivosus, 294

semipalmatus, 294
charana, Turritella, 57
charanensis. Area (Scapharca), 60

Crassatellites, 64
chatwini, Cerithium, 49
Cbelostoma, 205

australis, 206
Cbeloetomopsis, 205

australis, 206
nanus, 206

rubifloris, 205, 206

rubifloris edwardsii, 206

Chelynia chlorocyanea, 208, 211

elegans, 209

fragariella, 209, 211

frcuaciscana, 207, 211

holocyanea, 209, 211

leucotricha, 208, 211

nitidula, 210, 211

pavonina, 207, 208, 209

pulchra, 210

rubi, 207, 211

rubifloris, 205

subcarulea, 209, 210

subglauca, 210, 211
cheriway, Polyborus, 295
childreni, Phacoides, 474, 475
chilensis, Ostrea, 468
chiloensis, Dactylina, 65
chinensis, Rana, 92
Chione, 5, 6

(Chione) angelana, Chione, 63
Chione (Chione) angelana, 63

propinqua, 63
(Chione) columbensis, Venus, 70
Chione (Lirophora) hendersonii, 63

latilirata, 63
(Chione) propinqua, Chione, 63
Chione sechuntana, 47, 48, 63, 72 (pi. 7)

sp. ind., 63

variabilis, 63
chionura, Exomalopsis (Anthophorula),

203
Chlidonias nigra surinaniensis, 283
clilorina, Exomalopsis, 203
chlorocyanea, (Thelynia, 208, 211
chlororhynchus, Pufiinus, 285
chocolatum. Purpura, 54
cholana. Area (Noetia), 60
Chordeiles acutipennis inferior, 296
Chrysodomus, 5
Cicindela hsemorrhagica, 322

latisignata, 322

sigmoidea, 322
cinerascens pertinax, Myiarchus, 297

Sylvilagus bachmani, 319
cineritius, Peromyscus maniculatus, 31S
circularis, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 2,

3, 473
Cistelid. sp. ind., 328

citrinellum, Anthidiellum robertsoni, 362
citrinifrons, Hylaeus, 186, 187

Prosopis, 187
Cixius basalis, 404, 405
cultus, 405
prsccox, 405

vandykei, 404
classicus, Oxyopes, 126 (fig.)
clathrata, Neriene, 119, 120
Clavella solida, 50, 56
clavidens, Venericardia, 69
Oavilithes ( ?) atahuallpai, 44, 48, 50, 72
(pl. 7)

Vol. XIV]

I\D£X

573

Clavilithes burtti, 44, 48, 50, 72 (pi. 7)

harrisi, SO

incertus, 50

paciiicus, 50

peruvianus, 50
claypolei, Perdita, 193
dementia dariena, 63, 65

sp., cf. dariena, 63
dementis, Carpodacus mexicanus, 298
Cleomella obtusifolia, I'M
cleomellae, Perdita, 193
Cliff Swallow, 300
Clypeaster bowersi, 431, -479

deserti, 479
coalingensis, Pecten, 10
Coccinella californica, 328
coccinea, Neriene, 118, 119, 123
cochleiformis, Turritella, 41, 57, 72 (pi. 7)
Cockerel!, T. D. A., Anthidiine Bees in
the Collection of the California
Academy of Sciences, 345
Cockerell, T. D. A., Bees in the Collec-
tion of California Academy of Sci-
ences, 185
Codakia colpoica, 463

tigerina, 463
Coelenterata, 70
Coelocnemis dilaticollis, 338

magna, 338

obesa, 338

slevini, 337
Ccelotaxis punctulata, 336
colei, Aligia, 412
Colletes americana, 186

andrewsi, 186

dalese, 186

myroni, 185

slevini, 185
Collopoma lineatum, 56
coloradensis, Calliop.sis, 198

Eleodes, 377, 378, 380

Mesamia, 410
colpoica, Codakia, 463
Coluber spinalis, 98
Columbella buccata, 50

longistoma, SO

paytana, 48, 50

turrita, 50
columbensis, Venus (Chtone), 70
columnaris, Solenastrea fairbanksi, 482
Common Dolphin, 302
communicans, Oxyopeidon, 128 (fig.)
compactum, Anthidiellum, 362
compactus, Deltocephalus, 418
concinna. Eleodes, 378, 381
concinnula, Parandrena, 187
concolor, Cercnopus, 332
condylomatus, Pecten, 5
confinis, Eleodes dentipes, 385, 387
Conibius guadalupensis, 337
connexa, Eleodes hi.spilabris, 384

Conosanus, 422

conquistadorana, Turritella, 41, 43, 57,

72 (pi. 7)
consimile, Dianthidium, 363, 364
conspicuuni, Callanthidium, 366
conspicuus, Hylxus, 186
constricta, Eleodes parvicollis, 388
contingens, Pellens, 139, 140 (fig.)
contrarasi, Deltocephalus, 418
contrastus, Orthotylus, 400
Contribution to the Tertiary Paleontol-
ogy of Peru, by G. Dallas Hanna
and Merle C. Israelsky, 37
Contributions to Oriental Herpetology,

II. Korea or Chosen, by Joseph R.
Slevin, 89

Contributions to Oriental Herpetology,

III. Russian Asia and Manchuria,
by Joseph R. Slevin, 101

Conus, 6

berryi, 50

bocapanensis, 51

cacuminatus, 51

fergusoni, 446, 486 (pi. 21)

haytensis, 446

(Lithoconus) sp., 51

molis, 446

molis bravoi, 51

multiliratus var. gaza, 51

planiliratus, 447

regularis, 447, 486 (pi. 21)

sp. ind., 51
cooperi, Terebra, 458
coosensis, Pecten (Patinopecten), 2, 4
coquilletti, Exomalopsis, 203
cora aequicincta, Pitaria (Lamelli-

concha), 68
coralanum, Sinum, 54
Corals, 480
Corbula (Albidis) bradleyi, 64

(Aloidis) prenuncia, 64

arnoldi, 64

(Cuneocorbula) acutirostra. 63
bravoana, 64
fabiformis, 64
propinqua, 64

lanceolata, 64

parinasensis, 64

peruviana, 64

sp. ind., 64

talarana, 48, 64

waringi, 64

woodsi, 47, 48, 64, 72 (pi. 7)
cordata, Eleodes, 389
Cormorant, Brandt's, 288, 289

Farallon, 288
coronis, Natica, 46, 48, 53, 74 (pi. 8)
corrugata, Haliotus, 248
Corvus covax sinuatus, 298
Costa's Hummingbird, 297
costae, Calypte, 297

574

CAUFORHIA ACADBMT OP SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

costata, Barnea, 462, 500 (pi. 28)

Morgania, 53
costatus, Rhagodera, 326
costipennis, Argoporis, 331

Tonibiastes, 337
Cottontail, Ash-colored, 319

Cedros Island, 319
covax sinuatus, Corvus, 298
covilleas, Parthenicus, 403
Coyote, Peninsula, 303
crassa. Area (Anadara) toroensis, 61

Ashmeadiella, 207
Crassatella gibbosa, 65, 464
Crassatellites charanensis, 64

gibbosa, 65

gibbosus, 463, 464

mediamericanus, 464

pizarroi, 46, 48, 65, 72 (pi. 7)

reevei, 464

(Scambula) berryi, 46, 64

(Scambula) nelsoni, 65, 70

subgibbosus, 463, 464, 500 (pi. 28)
crassicardo, Pecten (Lyropecten), 2, 3
crassisepta, Dichoccenia merriami, 481
crassiuscula, Volutospina, 59
Cratidus rotundicollis, 338
crawfordi crawfordi, Notiosorex, 303

Notiosorex crawfordi, 303
creatopus, Puffinus, 284, 285
creolus, Ceraticelus, 109, 110 (fig.)
Creophilus villosus, 323
Crepidula onyx, 448

sp. ind., 51
crescens. Area (Scapharca), 60
cressonii, Dianthidium, 366
Crickmay, C. H., A Note on Two of

Hyatt's Ammonites, 77
crinipes, Scellus, 176, 177, 179 (fig.), 181

(fig.)
crissalis senicula, Pipilo, 300
cristobalensis, Pecten (Plagioctenium),

19, 20, 28 (pi. 3)
crossmani, Vermiceras, 77, 78, 80 (pi. 9)
Crotalus exsul, 264
Crucibulum inerme, 51

spinosum, 448
Crustacea, 70
Cryptadius inflatus, 328
(Cryptohalictoides) spiniferus, Halicto-

ides, 199
cubanum, Oxyopeidon, 127, 128, 129 (fig.),

130
cucullatum, Anthidiellum, 362
cultus, Cixius, 405
Cuma alternata, 51, 55
(Cunearca) sp. ind.. Area, 62

zorritensis. Area, 62
(Cuneocorbula) acutirostra, Corbula, 63

bravoana, Corbula, 64

fabiformis, Corbula, 64

propinqua, Corbula, 64

cunicularia hypogaea, Speotyto, 296
cupressi, Orthotylus, 399
Curlew, Hudsontan, 293

Long-billed, 293
cyanosoma, Diandrena, 187, 188
Cyathodonta dubiosa, 466

undulata, 466
Cydamus abditus, 394

femoralis, 394
cynosurse, Squatarola squatarola, 293
Cyprsea ang^ustirima, 51
Cyrtolobus acutus, 409

inermis, 408, 409

pictus, 408, 409

vau, 408
Cytherea affinis, 65

planivieta, 65

Dactylina chiloensis, 65
daleae, CoUetes, 186
dariena, Cancellaria, 444

Clementia, 63, 65

Clementia sp. of., 63
dariensis, Mactra, 5
darwini, Psammobia, 68
davidsoni, Halictoides, 199
decussata, Ficus, 449, 486 (pi. 21)
Deer, Cedros Island White-tailed, 319
deleta, Eleodes, 383
delicatissima, Dosinia (Dosinidea), 65
delicatus, Pissonotus, 407
Delphinus delphis, 302
delphis, Delphinus, 302
Deltocephalus cahuilla, 417

compactus, 418

contrarasi, 418

discessus, 416

miscellus, 417

nigriventer, 418

signatifrons, 416

zephyrius, 418
demensus, Orthotylus, 398
demonologicus, Tortembolus, 115, 117,

118 (fig.)
Dendrophyllia peruviana, 70
Dendryphantes seneolus, 135, 138

apachecus, 136, 137 (fig.)

capitatus, 134, 135, 136

mathetes. 136, 138, 139 (fig.)

nielanomerus, 136, 138, 139

mimus, 135 (fig.)

mylothrus, 134 (fig.)

sausalitanus, 135, 136, 137, 138
(fig.)
densicinctus, Pecten, 68
Dentalium, 83

hannai, 84. 85, 86 (pi. 10)

inversum, 84

sectuni, 84

Vol. XIV]

IKDEX

575

Dentalium semipolitum, R3, 84

vallicolens, 85, 86 (pi. 10)
dentichelis, Bathyphantes, 123 (fig.)
dentipes confinis, Eleodes, 385, 387
Eleodes, 385

marinje, Eleodes, 386, 387
Riontana, Eleodes, 385
perpunctata, Eleodes, 385, 387
tularensis, Eleodes, 385, 386, 387
Dermestes vulpinus, 325
Desert Sparrow, 300
desert i, Clypeaster, 479

Pecten (Plagioctenium), 2, 3, 17,
430, 470, 471, 473, 494, (pi. 25)
deserticola, Amphispiza bilineata, 300
diabolus, Platyinetopius, 413
Diadasia australis, 204
nigrifrons, 204
nigrifrons epileuca, 203, 204
nigrifrons nerea, 204
diana, Mesamia, 410
Diandrena cyanosoma, 187, 188
nothocalaidis, 187, 188
perchalybea, 187, 188
Dianthidium, 361, 365
balH, 366

consimile, 363, 364
cressonii, 366
parvum, 364, 365
parvum baculifrons, 365
provancheri, 362, 364, 365
pudicum, 363
sayi, 362

singulare, 362, 363
singulare melanognathum, 363
singulare perluteum, 363
Diastema americanum, 51
Dicheirus piceus, 323
Dichoccenia merriami, 481

merriami crassisepta, 481
dickersoni, Callista (Macrocallista), 62
Macrocallista, 66
Turritella, 57
diegensis, Pecten, 470
Dientomochilus (Ectinochilus) cf. laque-

ata, 51
difformis, Eleodes nigrina, 389
digueti, Agapostemon, 191
dilaticollis, Coelocnemis, 338

Eleodes manni, 388, 389
dilleri, Pecten (Patinopecten), 2, 4
dimorphica, Melanatria, 52
Dinodon rufozonatum, 99
Diomedea albatrus, 283

nigripes, 283
dione, Elaphe, 98
Diplocephalus castigatorius, 115
Diploria bowersi, 481
Dipodomys merriami parvus, 318

platycephalus, 318
discalis, Parthenicus, 403

discesEus, Deltocephalus, 416
discincta, Eleodes, 333, 334
discolor, Teratocoris, 400
discus, Pecten, 17
dislocata, Terebra, 456
Dismodicus alpinus, 115

bifrons, 115
dispersa, Eleodes, 383
dissimilis, Eleodes, 380
distans, Haimesiastraea, 70
distinguenda, Melanophthalma, 326
divaricata, Lucina, 66
Divaricella eburnea, 464, 496 (pi. 26)
divisum, Anthidium, 350, 351

nanulum, Anthidium, 350, 351

ornatifrons, Anthidium, 350, 351
dogmatica, Neriene, 119, 120 (fig.)
Dolichopodidse, 176
Dolium (Malea) camura, 51

sp. ind., 51
dolius, Anicius, 131, 132 (fig.)
Dolphin, Common, 302
doma. Area (Scapharca) singewaldi, 61
Donax cf. cayennensis, 6
Dosinia (Dosinidea) delicatissima, 65
grandis, 65

lenticula, 65

dunkeri, 465
(Dosinidea) delicatissima, Dosinia, 65

grandis, Dosinia, 65
douvillei, Turritella, 57
Dove, Western Mourning, 294
Dryobates scalaris lucasanus, 296
dubiosa, Cyathodonta, 466
Duck Hawk, 295 i

Duck, Ruddy, 290
dunkeri, Dosinia, 465
dupla, Ceratina, 215
duplex, Eurypelma, 106, 107 (fig.)

ebenina, Argoporis, 330, 331

Ebo, 125

eburnea, Divaricella, 464, 496 (pi. 26)

Vermicularia, 460
Echinochama antiquata, 465

arcinella, 465

californica, 465
Echinocyamus intermedius, 70
Echinodermata, 479
Echinoidea, 70

(Ectinochilus) cf. laqueata, Dientomo-
chilus, 51
edentuloides, Lucina, 466
edwardsii, Chelostomopsis rubifloris, 206

lateralis, Spinoliella, 195, 196, 197

Spinoliella, 195, 197
ehrhorni, Anthidiellum, 362
eiseni, Anthidiellum, 362
Elaphe dione, 98

576

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th Sea.

Slaphe rufodorsata, %

schrenckii, 97, 102
elata, Natica, 53
elegans, Chelynia, 209

Sterna, 282
Elegant Tern, 282
Eleodes, 369

adumbrata, 332, 333
arata, 384

armata, 334, 335, 336
asperata, 382
carbonaria, 380, 385
coloradensis, 377, 378, 380
concinna, 378, 381
cordata, 389
deleta, 383
dentipes, 385

confinis, 385, 387

marinae, 386, 387

montana, 385

perpunctata, 385, 387

tularensis, 385, 386, 387
discincta, 333, 334
dispersa, 383
dissimilis, 380
eschscholtzii, 333
fuscipilosa, 376, 377, 378, 330
gigantea, 334
hispilabris, 384, 385

connexa, 384

nupta, 384, 385
horni, 389

monticola, 389
humeralis, 374, 378, 380, 381

forma granulatomuricata, 3K1

jorma tuberculomuricata, 380
inepta, 334, 335
inflata, 333
insularis, 332
longicoUis, 334
lucae, 333
manni, 388, 389

dilaticollis. 388, 389

variolosa, 389
mazatzalensis, 379, 380
militaris, 332, 334
morbosa, 335, 336
neomexicana, 382, 383
nigrina, 389

difformis, 389

nevadensis, 390

perlonga, 389

schwarzi, 389
obscura, 383

glabriuscula, 383, 3S4
obsoleta forma punctata, 378
omissa, 335, 385, 389
parowana, 374, 375

mitnica, 375
parvicollis, 389

alticola, 387, 388

Eleodes, parvicollis constricta, 388
planata, 387, 388
producta, 387
trita, 387, 388

pedinoides, 375, 382, 383

planipennis, 390

porcata, 375

pygmaea, 332

quadricoUis, 373, 374, 375, 376,
377, 385
lassenica, 373, 374, 375

reducta, 377, 378

rileyi, 380

sierra, 389

speculicollis, 382, 383

sulcipennis, 384

tricostata, 375, 376

wenzeli, 381
Elephant Seal, 309
emarginata mighelsi, Lymnaea, 148
emarginaturn, Anthidium, 349, 354, 357

atripes, Anthidium, 346, 354
Embaphion, 390
emertoni, Ceraticelus, 109
Encope tenuis, 479
engonatum, Vasutn haitensis, 460
Enhydra lutris nereis, 303
eocenica, Olivancillaria, 53

Thaumastoplax, 70
Eovasum peruvianum, 51
epicureana, Eurypeltna, 107, 108 (fig.)
epileuca, Diadasia nigrifrons, 203, 204
Epimys rattus alexandrinus, 316
equestris, Mitrularia, 451
equina, Spinoliella, 196, 197, 202
Eremias argus, 95
eremicus cedrosensis, Peromyscus, 314

polypolius (?), Peromyscus, 314
Ereunetes mauri, 292
Ericrocis arlzonensis, 201
Erigone, 124

Eriogonum fasciculatum, 193
Erismatura jamaicensis, 290
erosus, Megasattus, 336
errans, Xanthopsis, 70
eschscholtzii, Eleodes, 333
escondidum, Liobunum, 171
Espiritu Santo Heron, 291
essigi, Lygidea, 394
Estola sordida, 341
estrellanus, Pecten, 472
etchegoini, Pecten, 474
euglyphus, Mytilus, 67
Eurypelma duplex, 106, 107 (fig.)

epicureana, 107, 108 (fig.)

lanceolatum, 108

longipes, 107

serrata, 107

stoica, 109 (fig.)

vagans, 108
(Eurytellina) aequicincta, Tellina, 69

Vol. XIV]

DiDBX

577

Euscelis, 422

almus, 421
finitimus, 422

frigidus, 421, 422
gentilis, 420

relativus, 420
shastus, 420
Eusmilia carrizensis, 481

solida, 481
Euspira, 49
Eutettix, 422

bartschi, 422
subjenea, 422
(Eutrochus) noduliferum, Calliostoma, 49
evadens, Microneta, 120, 121 (fig.)
Evennann, Barton Warren, Report of

the Director for the Year 192S, 521
excavata, Metis, 467, 490 (pi. 23)
excentricus, Sigaretus, 54
exclamans atramentata, Perdita, 194
imperialis, Perdita, 193
Perdita, 193
exigfuus, Sylvilagus bachmani, 319
Exochomus fasciatus, 328
exoleta, Terebra, 458

Exomalopsis (Anthophorula) chionura,
203

chlorina, 203
coquilletti, 203
pulchelia. 202

arida, 202, 203
similis, 202
texana, 203
Expedition to Guadalupe Island, Mexico,
in 1922; The Birds and Mammalf!,
by A. W. Anthony, 277
Expedition to Guadalupe Island, Mexico,
in 1922; The Coleoptera, by Frank E.
Blaisdell, Sr., 321
Expedition to Guadalupe Island, Mexico,
in 1922; General Report, by G. Dal-
las Hanna, 217
Expedition to the Gulf of California in
1921. The Phalangida, by Ralph V.
Chamberlin, 171
exsul, Crotalus, 264

fabiformis, Corbula (Cuneocorbula), 64
fairbanksi columnaris, Solenastrea, 482

minor, Solenastrea, 482

norinalis, Solenastria, 483

Solenastrea, 482

Stephanocaenia, 482
Falco peregrinus anatum, 295
Farallon Cormorant, 288
farinosus, Halictus, 190
fasciatum, Lophocarenum, 115
fasciatus, Exochomus, 328

Ipochus, 341

fasciatus, Tortembolus, 115
fasciculatum, Eriogonum, 193
Fasciolaria gigantea, 448

papillosa, 448

princeps, 448
Faunus (?) lagunitensis, 52

paytense, 52, 74 (pi. 8)

paytensis, 42, 50, 52
Favia merriami, 481
fedoa, Limosa, 292
femoralis, Cydamus, 394
fergusoni, Conus, 446, 486 (pi. 21)
Ficus, 449

decussata, 449, 486 (pi. 21)
fidelis, Megachile, 204
filicincta, Turritella (Haustator), 57

varicosta, Turritella, 41, 57, 74

(pl. 8)
Financial Statements, 560
Finback Whale, Pacific, 301
Finch, Guadalupe House, 298

House, 298

McGregor's House, 298

San Clemente House, 298
finitimus, Euscelis, 422
fischeri, Onychodactylus, 89
(fisherola) lancides, Lanx, 150, 168

(pl. 14)
fissicosta, Area (Scapharca), 60
flavicaudum, Anthidium, 359
flebilis, Anisotarsus, 323
florisomnis, Gyrodroma, 206
florissantella, Perdita, 194
Flycatcher, Lower California, 297

Say's, 297
fontis, Anthidium, 348, 351
Foraminifera, 71

Fork-tailed Petrel, Swinhoe's, 287
Formicapis, 206
formosum, Callanthidium, 366

pratense, Callanthidium, 366
Forster's Tern, 283
forsteri, Sterna, 283
fragariella, Chelynia, 209, 211
fragariellum, Anthidium bemardinum,
352, 353

Anthidium pecosense, 351, 353

wilsoni, Anthidium pecosense, 355
franciscaota, Chelynia, 207, 211
Frazar's Green Heron, 291

Oystercatcher, 294
frazari, Butorides virescens, 291

Hsematopus, 294
Fregata aquila, 290
fremonti, Stelis, 213
fresnoense, Anthidium, 347, 348, 351
frigidus, Euscelis, 421, 422
frondosa, Chama, 463
frontalis, Carpodacus mexicanus, 298
fulicarius, Phalaropus, 291
Fulmar, 284

578

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Fulmarus glacialis, 284
fulvidorsum, CEcleus, 406
furcatus, Strombus, 55
Fur Seal, Guadalupe, 306
fuscipilosa, Eleodes, 376, 377, 378, 380
Fusus inflatus, 52

paytensis, 52

talaraensis, 48, 52

Gabb, 450

gabbi, Ampullina, 49

Labiosa (Raeta), 66

Natica (Ampullina), 49
gabbiana, Turritella (Haustator), 57
galeatus, Strombus, 454
gallus, Ostrea, 67
Gastropoda, 49, 442
gausapata herviderana, Terebra, 55

Terebra, 455, 456, 488 (pi. 22)
gaza, Conus multiliratus var., 51
generosa, Panope, 470
gentilis, Euscelis, 420
Geoclemys reevesii, 100
Geococcyx californianus, 296
geronimensis, Peromyscus maniculatus,
315

Phoca richardii, 308
gesteri, Melanatria, 42, 48, 52, 74 (pi. 8)
gibbosa, Crassatella, 65, 464

Crassatellites, 65

Rata, 5, 68
gibbosus, Crassatellites, 463, 464
gibbus, Tagelus, 69
giffardi, Pissonotus, 407
giffardiellus, Hylxus, 186
gigantea, Eleodes, 334

Fasciolaria, 448

Glycymeris, 466
gilense, Anthidiellum, 362
glabriuscula, Eleodes obscura, 383, 384
glacialis, Fulmarus, 284
glaucus, Rhachianectes, 301
Glycymeris gigantea, 466

paytensis, 62, 65, 68
Godwit, Marbled, 292
Goldfinch, Green-backed, 299
gothica, Turritella, 57
gracilior, Strombus, 454
gracilis, Olivella, 453
grammaticus, Pellenes, 140 (fig.)
Grampus, 302

griseus, 302
grandis, Dosinia (Dosinidea), 65

Meoma, 480
granulata, Architectonica, 442
granulatomuricata, Eleodes humeralis

forma, 381
granulatus, Strombus, 454, 455
Gray Shrew, 303
Greater Yellow-legs, 292

Green Heron, Frazar's, 291
Green-backed Goldfinch, 299
grex, Parthenicus, 403
grillanum, Cerithium, 50
grindeliarum, Megachile, 204, 205
grisea, Hamataliwa, 128, 129
griseus. Grampus, 302

Puffinus, 285
Ground Squirrel, Lower California, 318
Grunsky, C. E., Report of the President
of the Academy for the Year 1925,
505
Guadalupe Caracara, 295

Fur Seal, 306

House Finch, 298

Junco, 300

Petrel, 286
guadalupense, Platynus (Leucagonum),

323
guadalupensis, Calathus, 323

Conibius, 337

Helops, 338

Scymnus, 327
Guara alba, 290
Gull, Heermann's, 281, 282

Sabine's, 281

Western. 280
guttatus, Passerculus rostratus, 299
guttifera, Struthiolaria, 55
Gyrodroma, 205

campanularum, 206

florisomnis, 206

nigricornis, 205

H

Ha?matopus bachmani, 294

frazari, 294
hsemorrhagica, Cicindela, 322
Haimesiastraea distans, 70

humilis, 70

peruviana, 70
haitensis engonatum, Vasum, 460

Ostrea, 469

Vasum, 459
hakei, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 18, 19, 30

(pl. 4)
haliaetus carolinensis, Pandion, 295
Halictoides (Cryptohalictoides) spini-
ferus, 199

davidsoni, 199

holocyaneus, 199

mulleri, 199

spilurus, 200

virgatus, 199

viridescens, 2(X)
Halictus aquilae, 189

arizonensis, 190

aspilurus, 190

farinosus, 190

lerouxii, 190

ovaliceps, 190

Vol. XIV]

IHDEX

579

Halictus pavonotus, 188

(Seladonia) catalinetisis, 191
vanduzeei, 191

Haliotus corrugata, 248

Halocypteua microsoma, 285

Hamataliwa grisea, 128, 129

hatnatum, Anthidium, 358, 359

hamatus, Orthotylus, 397, 398

Hanna, G. Dallas, Expedition to Guada-
lupe Island, Mexico, in 1922; General
Report, 217

Hanna, G. Dallas, Paleontology of Coy-
ote Mountain, Imperial County, Cali-
fornia, 427

Hanna, G. Dallas, and Merle C. Israel-
sky, Contribution to the Tertiary
Paleontology of Peru, 37

hannai, Dentaliuin, 84, 85, 86 (pi. 10)
Stibia, 329, 330

Harbor Seal, San Geroxiimo, 308

Harris's Hawk, 295

harrisi, Clavilithes, SO

Parabuteo untcinctus, 295

hartmanni, Pecten (Pecten), 8, 10, 24

(pl. 1)
PHarvella sp. ind., 63, 65
hastatus, Pecten, 474
(Haustator) filicincta, Turritella, 57

gabbiana, Turritella, 57

robusta, Turritella, 59
Hawk, Duck, 295

Harris's, 295
haytensis, Conus, 446
haytianum, Oxyopeidon, 127 (fig.), 128
Hebetancylus moricandi, 145
Heermann's Gull, 281, 282
heermanni, Larus, 281

Ostrea, 430, 467, 469, 488 (pl. 22),
490 (pl. 23)
heimi, Pecten (Pecten), 9, 10, 24 (pl. 1),

28, (pl. 3)
helense, Macrocallista, 47, 66
Heller's Pocket Mouse, 316
helleri, Perognathus, 316
Helops benitensis, 339

guadalupensis, 338
helvinus, Thamnotettix, 423
Hemicardia affinis, 62, 65
hemphillii, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3, 9, 10
hendersonii, Chione (Lirophora), 63
heretica, Pardosa, 125, 126 (fig.)
herodias sanctilucae, Ardea, 291
Heron, Espiritu Santo, 291

Frazar's Green, 291

Louisiana, 291

Yellow- crowned Night, 291
Hertlein, Leo G., Pectens from the ler-

tiary of Lower California, 1
herviderana, Terebra gausapata, 55

Transenella, 69
Hesperapis larreae, 198

Hesperapis leucura, 198
pellucidus, 198

hesperia, Spinolieila, 196
hesperiuni, Anthidium, 346, 349, 351
hesperophilus, Astragalinus prattria, 299
liesperus hesperus, Pipistrellus, 303

Pipistrellus hesperus, 303
Heteroscelus incanus, 292
Hippnoe Californica, 480
hirundo, Azurina, 239
hispaniolana, Area (Scapharca), 60
hispilabris connexa, Eleodes, 384

Eleodes, 384, 385

nupta, Eleodes, 384, 385
holocyanea, Chelynia, 209, 211
holocyaneus, Halictoides, 199
Horned Lark, California, 297
horni, E'eodes, 389

monticola, Eleodes, 389
hortensia, Lutraria, 66
House Finch, 298

Guadalupe, 298
McGregor's, 298
San Clemente, 298
House Mouse, 316
howardi, Ashmeadiella, 206
Hudsonian Curlew, 293
hudsonicus, Numenius, 293
humboldti, Arnioceras, 79
humeralis, Eleodes, 374, 378, 380, 381

forma granulatomuricata, Eleodes,
381

forma tuberculomuricata, Bteodes,
380
humerosa, Turritella, 41
humilis, Haimesiastraea, 70
Hummingbird, Anna's, 297

Costa's, 297
Hydranassa tricolor ruficoUis, 291
Hyla aboria immaculata, 91

japonica, 91
Hylaeus asininus, 186

citrinifrons, 186, 187

conspicuus, 186

giffardiellus, 186

stevensi, 187
Hynobius keyserlingii, 101

leechii, 89
Hypanthidium, 365
hypogsea, Speotyto cunicularia, 296
hypoleuca, Aphelocoma californica, 29S
hypoleucus, Brachyramphus, 280

I

Ibis, White, 290

Icius, 131

igneus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 300

illustre, Anthidium, 365

Callanthidium, 365, 366
serranum, Callanthidium, 366

Ilnocora, 399

580

CALIFORHIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

immaculata, Hyla aboria, 91
imperialis, Perdita exclamans, 193
Turritella, 4S7, 486 (pi. 21)
imporcata. Area (Scapharca), 60
impostor, Pecten, 17
impressa, Argoporis, 330
inca, Ostrea, 67

trita, Turritella, 57
Turritella, 57
incanus, Heteroscelus, 292
incertus, Clavilithes, 50
incisa, Lampania, 445
incisum, Cerithium, 445
inconspicua, Turritella, 58

Turritella prenuncia, 58
inconspicuus, Margus, 393
inconstans, Argoporis, 331
incrassata, Marginella, 52

ovoidalis, Amiantis, 60
incus, Pecten, 48, 68
inepta, Eleodes, 334, 335
inerme, Cerianthidium, 361

Crucibulum, 51
inermis, Cyrtolobus, 408, 409
inferior, Chordeiles acutipennis, 296
inflata, Eleodes, 333
inflatus, Cryptadius, 328

Fusus, 52
infracarinata, Turritella, 58

zorritoensis, Turritella, 58
infraliratus, Potamides ormei, 54
infranodatum, Cerithium, 50
ingens, Leda, 66
innocens, Trichochrous, 324
inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus,

292
inscripta, Aligia, 410, 411, 412, 413
insignis, Amara, 322

Ortholeptura, 341
insleyi, Phacoides (Pseudomiltha ?), 68
insularis, Eleodes, 332

Ipochus, 340, 341
Junco, 300
Nemognatha, 325
intercostatus, Pecten, 68
intermedia intermedia, Neotoma, 315
Neotoma intermedia, 315
pretiosa, Neotoma, 315
Intermediate Wood Rat, 315
intermedius, Agkistrodon blomhoffii, 102

Echinocyamus, 70
interpres morinella, Arenaria, 294
interserta, Perdita, 194
invalidus, Pecten (Plagiocteniuni), 2, 3
inversum, Dentalium, 194
iowensis, Agapostemon texanus, 191
Ipochus fasciatus, 341

insularis, 340, 341
iridescens, Ostrea, 67, 468, 496 (pi. 26)

Israelsky, Merle C, with G. Dallas
Hanna, Contribution to the Tertiary
Paleontology of Peru, 37

jacintana, Cephalapis, 206

Jack Rabbit, Magdalena Island, 319

San Pedro Martir, 318
Jaeger, Parasitic, 280
jamaicensis, Erismatura, 290
japonica, Hyla aboria, 91

Rana, 93
Jay, Xantus's, 298
Junco, Guadalupe, 300

insularis, 300
juniperi, Parthenicus, 403

Kaeding's Petrel, 286

kaedingi, Oceanodroma leucorhoa, 286

Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino, 318

keepi, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3, 7, 241

keyserlingii, Hynobius, 101

Killdeer, 293

Killer, Black, 302

klamathensis, Lanx (Walkerola), 149

labiata, Mitra, 52
Labiosa (R«ta) gabbi, 66
ventricosta, 66
Lsevicardium, 62
Ijeviusculum, Cerithium, .SO
lagunitensis, Faunus (?), 52
Nassa, 53
Tympanotonus, 59
(Lamelliconcha) cora sequicincta,
Pitaria, 68

planivieta, Pitaria, 68
Lampania incisa, 445
lanceolata, Corbula, 64

Strombina, 55
lanceolatum, Eurypelma, 108
Lancidae, 143, 160
lancides, Lanx (Fisherola), ISO, 168

(pl. 14)
languidas, Orthotylus, 398
Lanx, 143

alta, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 154,
158

(Fisherola) lancides, 150, 168

(pl. 14)
patelloides, 149
subrotundata, 143, 149
(Walkerola) klamathensis, 149
laqueata, Dientomochilus (Ectinochilus)
cf., 51

Littorina, 52
laqueatus, Pecten, 8
laqueoratus, Murex, 53
Large-billed Sparrow, 299

Vol. XIV]

JNDEX

581

Largidea marginata, 397

pudica, 397
Lark, California Horned, 297
larkinii. Area (Scapharca), W

Cancellaria, 49
larreae, Hesperapis, 198
Larus heermanni, 281

occidentalis, 280
lassenica, IJIeodes quadricollis, 373, 374,

375
lateralis, Natrix tigrina, 102, 103

Spinoliella edwardsii, 195, 1%, 197
latiareata, Ostrea, 67
laticeps, Rhagodera, 326
laticincta, Stelis, 211, 213
latilirata, CItione (Lirophora), 63
latisignata, Cicindela, 322
latrania, Pinna, 475, 477, 498 (pi. 27)
latirugatus, Phos ( ?), 53
Least Petrel, 2S5

Sandpiper, 292

Tern, 283
lecontei, Pecten (Pecten), 2, 3
Leda acuminata, 66

acutisinuata, 66

ingen.s, 66

peruviana, 66
leechii, Hynobius, 89
lenis, Thamnotettix, 423
lenticula, Dosinia, 65
Lepidocyclina antiilea, 71

(Nephrolepidina) peruviana, 71
Lepus californicus bennettii, 318
magdalenae, 319
:nartirensis, 318
lerouxii, Halictus, 190
(Leucagonum) guadalupense, Platynus,

323
leuceres, Pellenes, 141 (fig.)
leucorhinum, Anthidiellum, 361
leucorhoa kaedingi, Oceanodroma, 286
leucotricha, Chelynta, 208, 211
leucura, Hesperapis, 198
leucurus peninsulse, Ammospermophilus,

318
limbatus, Spondylus, 477
Limosa fedoa, 292
lineatum, Collopoma, 56
lineatus. Turbo, 56
Linyphiidse, 105, 109
Liobunum escondidum, 171
Lion, California Sea, 3(M
(Lirophora) hendersonii, Chione, 63

latilirata, Chione, 63
lissoni, Pseudoglauconia, 43, 54

Turritella, 58
(Lithoconus), Conus, 51
Lithophaga, 462
Littorina laqueata, 52

scabra, 449

varia, 449

lobatus, Lobipes, 291
Lobipes lobatus, 291
Lonatura niinuta, 423

nana, 423

pupa, 423
I-ong-billed Curlew, 293
longicollis, Eleodes, 334
longipes, Eurypelma, 107
longistoma, Columbella, 50
Lophocarenum fasciatum, 115
Lophortyx californica vallicola, 294
Louisiana Heron, 291
Lower California Antelope, 320
Flycatcher, 297
Ground Squirrel, 318
lucae, Eleodes, 333
lucasanus, Dryobates scalaris, 296
lucidum, Anthidium, 361
Lucina divaricata, 66

edentuloides, 466

paytensis, 66

prosoptera, 66

pulchella, 66

talarana, 48, 66
lunaris, Ostrea, 67
lunifrons lunifrons, Petrochelidon, 300

Petrochelidon lunifrons, 300
lupinellum, Anthidium, 355
luteum, Anthidiellum strigatum, 361
Lutraria hortensia, 66

vetula, 66
lutris nereis, Enhydra, 303
Lycosa, 126
Lycosidae, 125
Lygidea essigi, 394

morio, 395

obscura, 394, 395
Lymnsea, 151, 154, 157, 158

auricularia, 158

emarginata mighelsi, 148

ovata, 155, 156, 157, 158

peregra, 158

reflexa, 147, 158

stagnalis, 147, 158, 159
Lymnafidae, 143, 147, 160
Lyropecten, 4
(Lyropecten) crassicardo, Pecten, 2. 3

modulatus, Pecten, 11, 12, 28
28 (pi. 3)

pretiosus, Pecten, 12. 26 (pi. 2),
28 (pi. 3)

M

maackii, Amyda, 100, 103

Macrocallista cavachana, 47, 48, 66, 72

(pi. 7)
(Macrocallista) dickersoni, Callista, 62,

66
Macrocallista helenae, 47, 66
macrodactyla, Oceanodroma, 286
Macron philadelphicus, 44

582

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES

[Paoc. 4th Ser.

Macrorhinus angustirostris, 309
macroura marginella, Zenaidura, 294
Mactra dariensis, S

sp. ind., 66, 67
zorritensis, 66, 67
niacularia, Actitis, 293
inaculicollis, Platynus, 323
maculosa, Metalia, 480
maculosum, Anthidium, 355
Madripora solida, 481
Maandra bowersi, 481
Magdalena Island Jack Rabbit, 319

Pocket Mouse, 317
Magdalena White-footed Mouse, 315
magdalens, Lepus californicus, 319
Peromyscus maniculatus, 315
magna, Coelocnemis, 338

Morgania, 53
Malea camura, 450
(Malea) camura, Dolium, 51
Malea ringens, 450, 486 (pi. 21)

sp. ind., 52
(Malea) sp. ind., Dolium, 51
maniculatus cineritius, Peromyscus, 315
geronimensis, Peromyscus, 315
magdalenae, Peromyscus, 315
Peromyscus, 315
sonoriensis, Peromyscus, 314
manni dilaticollis, Eleodes, 388, 389
Eleodes, 388, 389
variolosa, Eleodes, 389
Man-o'-war-bird, 290
Marbled Godwit, 292
Margarita White-footed Mouse, 314
margaritae, Trichochrous, 323
marginata, Largidea, 397
marginatus, Pissonotus, 407
Marginella incrassata, 52

Zenaidura macroura, 294
Margus inconspicuus, 393
nigropunctatus, 393
obscurator, 393
repletus, 393
mariana, Terebra, 459
marinse, Eleodes dentipes, 386, 387
martini, Terebra, 456
martirensis, Lepus californicus, 318
Mantancita Wood Rat, 315
mathetes, Dendryphantes, 136, 138, 139

(fig.)
mauri, Ereunetes, 292
maxima. Sterna, 282
mayi, "Surcula," 45, 48, 55, 72 (pi. 7)
mazatzalensis, Eleodes, 379, 380
Mazyck, 453
McAllister, M. Hall, Treasurer's Report

for 1925, 560
McGregor's House Finch, 298
tncgregori, Carpodacus, 279, 298
mediacostatus. Pecten, 472, 488 (pi. 22),

492 (pi. 24)

tnediamericanus, Crassatellites, 464
Megachile fidelis, 204

grindeliarum, 204, 205
morio, 205
perihirta, 204
pugnata ponionae, 204
vandykei, 205
wootoni calogaster, 204
Megasattus erosus, 336
Megasominus thersites, 340
Melanatria, 43

acanthica, 52
diniorphica, 52
gesteri, 42, 48, 52, 74 (pi. 8)
propinqua, 52
venusta, 52
melanderi acus, Nomia, 188

Nomta, 188
Melaneleodes, 375, 380, 382, 385
melania, Oceaiiodroma, 286, 287, 288
melanocephala, Arenaria, 294
melanognathum, Dianthidium singiilare,

363
melanoleucus, Aeronatites, 296

Totanus, 292
melanomerus, Dendryphantes, 136, 138,

139
Melanophthalma distinguenda, 326
Melanostelis betheli, 207
meliloti, Ashmeadiella, 207
Melongena mengeana, 453

pallida, 453
mendenhalli minor, Siderastrea, 482
Pecten, 473, 494 (pi. 25)
Pecten (Plagioctenium) cerrosen-

sis, 2, 3. 16, 19, 20, 24 (pi. 1)
Pinna, 476, 498 (pi. 27)
Siderastrea, 482
mengeana, Melongena, 453
mensse, Triepeolus, 202
Meoma grandis, 480
Meretrix bosworthi, 66
negritosensis, 67
meridionalis, Volutospina, 59
merriami crassisepta, Dichocoenia, 481
Dichocoenia, 481
Favia, 481

parvus, Dipodomys, 318
Turritella, 41
Mesamia coloradensis, 410
diana, 410
nervosa, 409, 410
pagaina, 409
Metalia maculosa, 480

spatagus. 480, 492 (pi. 24)
Metis excavata, 467, 490 (pi. 23)
mexicanus dementis, Cari>odacus, 298

frontalis, Carpodacus, 298
micaria, Bathyphantes, 121, 122 (fig.),
123

Vol. XIV]

im>EX

583

Micrarionta pandors, 272

steanisiana, 247
Microneta evadens, 120, 121 (fig.)
microsoma, Halocypteiia, 285
microsulcatus, Solen, 69
mighelsi, Lymnaea etnarginata, 148
militaris, Eleodes, 332, 334
mimica, Eleodes parowana, 375
mimus, Dendryphantes, 135 (fig.)
minor, Siderastrea mendenhalli, 482

Solenastrea fairbanksi, 482
minuscula, Nucula, 67
minuta, Lonatura, 423
minutilla, Pisobia, 292
tnirus, Scaphoideus, 419
miscellus, Deltocephalus, 417
Mitra labiata, 52

sp. ind., 52

sulcata, 450
Mitrularia equestris, 451
modesta. Area (Noetia), 60

occidentalis, Aiigia, 413
modulatus, Pecten (Lyropecten), 11, 12,

28 (pi. 3)
Modulus unidens, 451
moiinor, Phidippus, 133 (fig.)
molis, Conus, 446

bravoi, Conus, 51
monorhis, Oceanodroma, 280, 287, 288
montana, Eleodes dentipes, 385

Stelis, 212, 213
monticola, Eleodes horni, 389
monticolens, Spirembolus, 112 (fig-), 113
montivagum, Anthidium, 358
modesta. Area, 61
morbosa, Eleodes, 335, 336
Morgania eostata, 53

magna, 53
morieandi, Hebetancylus, 145
morinella, Arenaria interpres, 294
mormonum, Anthidium, 351, 352, 353, 358
morio, Lygidea, 395

Megachile, 205
mortoni, Peeten, 471
Mourning Dove, Western, 294
Mouse, Anthony's Pocket, 317

Ashy-gray White-footed, 315

Cedros Island White-footed, 314

Heller's Pocket, 316

House, 316

Magdalena Island Pocket, 317

Magdalena White-footed, 315

Margarita White-footed, 314

San Roque White-footed, 315

Sonoran White-footed, 314
Mulinia zorritensis, 66, 67
mulleri, Halietoides, 199
multiliratus gaza, Conus, 51
munsteri, Venus, 70
Murex laqueoratus, 53
murieatum, Vasum, 459

Murreiet, Xantus's, 280
Mus musculus museulus, 316
musculus, Mus museulus, 316

musculus, Mus, 316
mutabilis, Pseudoliva, 54
Myiarchus cineraseens pertinax, 297
mylothnis, Dendryphantes, 134 (fig.)
myroni, Colletes, 185
Mytilus, 5, 6

euglyphus, 67

ungulatus, 67
Myurella sp. ind., 53

tuberosa, S3, SS

N

nana, Lonatura, 423
nanula, Ceratina, 214, 215
nanulum, Anthidium divisum, 350, 351
nanus, Chelostomopsis australis, 206
Nassa lagunitensis, 53

zorritensis, 49, S3
nasutus, Platymetopius, 413
Natiea (Ampullina) gabbi, 49

coronis, 46, 48, S3, 74 (pi. 8)

elata, S3

(Natieina) sp., 53

subclausa, 46

uber, 451

unifasciata, 451
(Natieina) sp., Natiea, 53
Natrix tigrina lateralis, 102, 103

tigrina tigrina, 95

vibakari vibakari, 95
nebrascense, Anthidium, 345, 346
nebulosus, Scymnus, 327
Necrobia rufipes, 324
negritosense, Cerithium, SO
negritosensis, Meretrix, 67

Turritella, 58
nelsoni. Area (Anadara), 61

Crassateilites (Seambula), 65, 70

rotundata, Turritella, 58, 59

Solarium, 55

Terebra, 48, S3, 55, 56

trullissatia, Turritella, 58

Turritella, 58, 59

Venus, 65, 70
Nemognatha insularis, 325
Nemognathus scutellaris, 325
Neobaphion, 390
neome.xicana, Eleodes, 382, 383
neomexicanus, Pellenes, 142, (fig.)
Neotoma bryanti, 316

intermedia intermedia, 315
pretiosa, 315
(Nephrolepidina) peruviana, Lepidocy-

elina, 71
nerea, Diadasia nigrifrons, 204
nereis, Enhydra lutris, 303

584

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEKCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

Neriene clathrata, 119, 120

coccinea, 118, 119, 123
dogmatica, 119, 120 (fig.)
redacts, 118, 119 (fig.), 120
Nerita scabricostata, 452
Neritina picta, 452
nervosa, Mesamia, 409, 410
nevadensis, Eleodes nigrina, 390

Telabis, 372, 373
New Hemiptera from Western North
America, by Edward P. Van Duzee,
391
New North American Spiders, by Ralph

V. Chamberlin, 105
New (A) Species of Mollusk (Dentalium
hannai) from Lower California, with
Notes on Other Forms, by Fred
Baker, 83
New Zealand Shearwater, 285
niasi, Amphistegina, 4
Night Heron, Yellow-crowned, 291
Nighthawk, Texas, 2%
nigra surinamensis, Chlidonias, 283
nigricans, Sayornis, 297
nigricornis, Gyrodroma, 205
nigrifrons, Diadasia, 204

epileuca, Diadasia, 203, 204
nerea, Diadasia, 204
nigrina difformis, Eleodes, 389
Eleodes, 389

nevadensis, Eleodes, 390
perlonga, Eleodes, 389
schwarzi, Eleodes, 389
nigripes, Diomedea, 283
nigriventer, Deltocephalus, 418
nigropunctatus, Margus, 393
nitida, Argoporis, 331
nitidula, Chelynia, 210, 211
nivosus, Charadrius, 294
noduliferum, Calliostoma (Eutroclius), 49
(Noetia) cholana. Area, 60

modesta. Area, 60
Nomia acus, 188

californica, 188
melanderi, 188
melanderi acus, 188
norse, Triepeolus, 202
normalis, Solenastrea fairbanksi, 483
Northern Phalarope, 291
notabilis, Binneya, 228
Note (A) on Two of Hyatt's Liassic
Ammonites, by C. H. Crickmay, 77
ncthocalaidis, Diandrena, 187, 188
Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi, 303
nubiliceps, Ceraticelus, 110
Nucula araucana, 67
minuscula, 67
nugax, Scaphoideus, 419
Numenius americanus, 293

hudsonicus, 293
Nummulites, sp. (?), 71

nupta, Eleodes hispilabris, 384, 385
Nyctanassa violacea, 291

obesa, Cancellaria, 444, 484 (pi. 20)

Coelocnemis, 338
obesiformis. Area (Scapharca), 61
obliteratus, Strombus, 454, 484 (pi. 20)
obscura, Eleodes, 383

glabriuscula, Eleodes, 383, 384
Lygidea, 394, 395
obscurator, Margus, 393
obscurella, Spinoliella, 1%
obscurus, Calathus, 322
obsoleta forma punctata, Eleodes, 378
obtusifolia, Cleomella, 194
occidentalis, Aligia modesta, 413
Larus, 280
Potamides, 54
Surcula, 45, 55
Oceanodroma leucorhoa kaedingi, 286
macrodactyla, 286
melania, 286, 287, 288
monorhis, 280, 287, 288
"socorroensis," 287, 288
oculata, Ostrea, 67
Oculina peniviana, 70
Odocoileus cerroensis [cerrosensis], 266

cerrosensis, 319
CEcleus addendus, 406
fulvidorsum, 406
snowi, 406
subreflexiis, 406
Oidemia perspicillata, 290
oldroydi, Atrina, 461
Oliva, 6, 453

angulata, 452
reticularis, 452
sp. ind., 53

spicata, 452, 486 (pi. 21)
Olivancillaria (Agaronia) peruviana, S3

eocenica, 53
Olivella gracilis, 453
omissa, Eleodes, 335, 385, 389
Onychodactylus fischeri, 89
onyx, Creiiidula, 448
opaca, Stibia, 329
opisthomelas, Pufifinus, 284, 285
optimum, Pecten oxygonum, 5
Orcinus ater, 302

oregonensis, Platymetoptus, 414, 415
Oreopasites scituli, 202

vanduzeei, 202
orientalis, Bombina, 90
ormei infraliratus, Potamides, 54
omatifrons, Anthidium divisum, 350, 351
orpifex, Xylocopa, 214
Ortholeptura insignis, 341
Orthophragmina peruviana, 71
pratti, 4

Vol. XIV]

IHDEX

585

Orthotylus affinis, 400
cont'.-astus, 400
cupressi, 399
demensus, 39S

hamatus, 397, 398

langtiidas, 398

plucheae, 397
ortoni, AmpuIIina, 49
Osprey, 295
Ostrea buski, 67

chilensis, 468

gallus, 67

haitensis, 469
hcermanni, 430, 467, 469, 488 (pi. 22), 490
(p). 23)

inca, 67

iridescens, 67, 468, 496 (pi. 26)

latiareata, 67

lunaris, 67

oculata, 67

sculpta, 67

sp. ind., 67

veatchii, 469

vespertina, 430, 468, 469, 471, 496
(pl. 26)

virginica, 468
Otocoris alpestris actia, 297, 298
Otter, Southern Sea, 303
ovaliceps, Halictus, 190
ovata, Lymnjea, 155, 156, 157, 158
ovoidalis, Aniiantis incrassata, 60
Owl, Burrowing, 296
Oxyechus vocifenis, 293
oxygonum optimum, Pecten, 5
Oxyopeidon communicans, 128 (fig.)

cubanum, 127, 128, 129 (fig.), 130

haytianum, 127, (fig.), 128

tuberculatum, 129, 130 (fig.)
Oxyopes classicus, 126 (fig.)

salticus, 127
Oxyopidae, 126
Oystercatcher, Black, 294

Frazar's, 294

Pacific Finback Whale, 301

pacifica, Ceratina, 215
Strepsidura, 55

pacificus, Clavilithes, SO

pacis, Triepeolus, 201

pagana, Mesamia, 409

Paleontology of Coyote Mountain, Im-
perial County, California, by G.
Dallas Hanna, 427

pallida, Melongena, 453

pallidicollis, Parthenicus, 402

palliventre, Anthidium, 347, 355, 356

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 295

pandorae, Micrarionta, 272

Panopsea, sp. ind., 67

Pinope generosa, 470

pantheonensis, Area (Scapharca), 61
Panurginus albopilosus, 198

atriceps, 198
papillosa, Fasciolaria, 448
Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi, 295
Paracythus peruvianus, 70
Parandrena concinnula, 187
Parasitic Jaeger, 280
parasiticus, Stercorarius, 280
Pardosa heretica, 12S, 126 (fig.)
parinasensis, Callianassa, 70

Corbula, 64

Pseudoliva, 54
parowana, Eleodes, 374, 375

mimica, Eleodes, 375
Parthenicus aridus, 402

baccharidis, 401

brunncus, 400

candidus, 401

canescens, 402

covilleae, 403

discalis, 403

grex, 403

juniperi, 403

pallidicollis, 402

picicoUis, 402, 403

psalloides, 403

rubromaculosus, 402

sabulosus, 401

soror, 401
parvicollis alticola, Eleodes, 387, 388

constricta, Eleodes, 388

Eleodes, 389

planata, Eleodes, 387, 388

producta, Eleodes, 387

trita, Eleodes, 387, 388
parvum baculifrons, Dianthidium, 365

Dianthidium, 364, 365
parvus, Dipodoniys nierriami, 318
Passerculus beldingi, 299

rostratus guttatus, 299
rostratus, 299
sanctorum, 299
patelloides, Lanx, 149
(Patinopecten) coosensis. Pecten, 2, 4

dilleri, Pecten, 2, 4
paupercula. Bulla, 443

BuUaria, 443
pavonina, Chelynia, 207, 208, 209
pavonotus, Halictus, 188
Pavostelis, 213
paytana, Columbella, 48, SO
paytense, "Cerithium," SO, 52

Faunus, 52, 74 (pl. 8)
paytensis, AmpuIIina, 49

Axinaea, 62, 65

"Cerithium," 42

Faunus, 42, 50, 52

Fusus, 52

Glycymeris, 62, 65. 68

Lucina, 66

586

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCBS

[Proc. 4th See..

paytensis, Pecten, 68

Pectunculus, 65, 68
pecosense, Anthidiuni, 351, 352, 353

Anthidium blanditum, 352

fragariellum, Anthidium, 351, 353

fragariellum wilsoni, Anthidium,
353

wilsoni, Anthidium, 360
Pecten, 430

Aequipecten, 4

(Aequipecten) percarus, 13, 14, 26
(pi. 2)
(Pecten) aletes, Pecten, 8, 26 (pi. 2)
Pecten Amusium, 7

andersoni, 17

auburyi, 10

aztecus, 10
(Pecten) beali, Pecten, 10, 11, 26 (pi. 2),

32, (pi. 5)
(pecten) bellus, Pecten, 2, 3, 8
Pecten callidus, 20, 21

carrizoensis, 2, 3, 11, 470
(Pecten) cataractes, Pecten, 2, 3, 9
Pecten cerrosensis, IS, 20, 473

circularis, 473

coalingensis, 10

condylomatus, 5

densicinctus, 68

deserti, 430, 470, 471, 473, 494
(pl. 25)

diegensis, 470

discus, 17

estrellanus, 472

etchegoini, 474
(Pecten) hartmanni, Pecten, 8, 10, 24

(pl. 1)
Pecten hastatus, 474
(Pecten) heimi, Pecten, 9, 10, 24 (pl. 1),
28 (pl. 3)

hemphillii, Pecten, 2, 3, 9, 10
Pecten impostor, 17

incus, 48, 68

intercostatus, 68

keepi, 2, 3, 7, 471

laqueatus, 8
(Pecten) lecontei, Pecten, 2, 3
Pecten Lyropecten, 4

(Lyropecten) crassicardo, 2, 3
modulatus, 11, 12, 28 (pl. 3)
pretiosus, 12, 26 (pl. 2), 28
(pl. 3)

mediacostatus, 472, 488 (pl. 22),
492 (pl. 24)

mendenhalli, 473, 494 (pl. 25)

mortoni, 471

oxygonum optimum, 5

(Patinopecten) coosensis, 2, 4
dilleri, 2, 4

paytensis, 68

(Pecten) aletes, 8, 26 (pl. 2)

Pecten (Pecten) beali, 10, 11, 26, (pl. 2),
32 (pl. S)
bellus, 2, 3, 8
carrizoensis, 2, 3, 11
cataractes, 2, 3, 9
hartmanni, 8, 10, 24 (pl. 1)
heimi. 9, 10, 24 (pl. 1), 28

(pl. 3)
hemphillii, 2, 3, 9, 10
keepi, 2, 3, 7
lecontei, 2, 3

refugioensis, 7, 24 (pl. 1), 32
(pl. 5)
Plagioctenium, 4
(Plagioctenium) calli, 16. 17, 30
(pl. 4)
callidus, 20, 21, 22, 32 (pi. 5)
cerrosensis, IS, 16, 19, 20, 21,

22, 34 (pl. 6)
cerrosensis mendenhalli, 2, 3,

16, 19, 20, 24 (pl. 1)
circularis, 2, 3

cristobalensis, 19, 20, 28 (pl. 3)
deserti, 2, 3, 17
hakei, 18, 19, 30 (pl. 4)
invalidus, 2, 3

purpuratus, 2, 4, 14, IS, 16,
19, 20, 24 (pl. 1), 30 (pl. 4),
68
subdolus, 16, 20, 21, 22, 32
(pl. 5)
raymondi, 17
(Pecten) rehigioensis, Pecten, 7, 24

(pl. 1), 32 (pl. 5)
Pecten revolutus, 7
s. str., 4, 7
sancti-ludovici, 472, 473, 474, 488

(pl. 22)
santarosanus, 17
sp. ind., 68
Stearns ii, 470

subnodosus, 474, 494 (pl. 25)
subventricosus, 15
vaughani, 12
vogdesi, 9, 10
Pecten woodringi, 68

ziczag, 471
Pectens from the Tertiary of Lower

California, by Leo G. Hertleiii, 1
pectoralis, Centrioptera, 330
Pectunculus paytensis, 65, 68
pedinoides, Eleodes, 375, 382, 38J
pedroana, Terebra, 456
Pelecanus californicus, 290
Pelecypoda, 60, 460
I'elican, California Brown, 290
Pellenes caroiinensis, 142

contingens, 139, 140 (fiff)
grammaticus, 140 (fig.)
leucerea, 141 (fig.)

Vol. XIV]

I>ID£X

587

Pellenes neomexicanus, 142 (fig.)

sabulosus, 141
pellucidus, Hesperapis, 198
penicillatus albulus, Perognathus, 317

Phalacrocorax, 289
Peninsula Coyote, 303
peninsulae, Ammospermophilus leucurus,
318

Canis, 303
peninsularis, Antilocapra americana, 320

Spinoliella, 195

Spinoliella scutellaris, 195
perattenuata, Terebra, 458
percarus, Pecten (Aequipecten), 13, 14,

26 (pi. 2)
perchalybea, Diandrena, 187, 188
Pcrdita chamaesarachx, 192

claypolei, 193

cleomellse, 193

exclamans, 193

exclamans atramentata, 194

exclamans imperialis, 193

florissantella, 194

interserta, 194

punctifera, 194

pyrifera, 192

ruficauda, 192

subfasciata, 194

timberlakei, 194

townsendi, 194

vittata, 194
peregra, Lymnaea, 158
peregrinus anatum, Falco, 295
perihirta, Megachile, 204
perjucundus, Spirembolus, 111 (fig-), 112,

113, 114
perlonga, Eleodes nigrina, 389
perluteum, Dianthidium singulare, 363
permaculatum, Anthidium, 349, 350, 351
Pema arbolensis, 68
pernodosum, Tritonium, 56
Perognathus anthonyi, 317

helleri, 316

penicillatus albulus, 317
Peromyscus eremicus cedrosensis, 314

eremicus polypolius (?), 314

maniculatus, 315

nianiculatus cineritius, 315

maniculatus geronimensis, 315
magdalenae, 315
sonoriensis, 314
perplexum, Anthidiellum, 362
perpunctata, Eleodes dentipes, 385, 387
perspicillata, Oidemia, 290
pertenue, Cardium, 62
pertinax, Myiarchus cinerascens, 297
peruana, Aphera, 49

Cancellaria (Aphera), 49
peruviana, Corbula, 64

Dendrophyllia, 70

Haimesiastrsea, 70

peruviana, Leda, 66

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina),
71

Oculina, 70

Olivancillaria (Agaronia), 53

Orthophragmiiia, 71

Pirena, 53

Peruviaster, 71

Pyrula, 54

Stephanoccenia, 71

Volutospina, 60
peruvianum, Cardium (Trachycardium),
62

Eovasum, 51

Telescopium, 55
peruvianus, Clavilithes, 50

Paracythus, 70
Peruviaster, 71

peruviana, 71
Petrel, Black, 287

Guadalupe, 286

Kaeding's, 286

Least, 285

Swinhoe's Fork-tailed, 287
Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons, 300
pexatus, Platymetopius, 415
Phacoides childreni, 474, 475

(Pseudomiltha ?) insleyi, 68

xantusi, 474, 500 (pi. 28), 502
(pl. 29)
Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus, 288

penicillatus, 289
Phalangiidae, 171
Phalarope, Northern, 291

Red, 291
Phalaropus fulicarius, 291
(Pharella) planifoUiculus, Solecurtus, 69
Phidippus molinor, 133 (fig.)

pogonopus, 132 (fig.)
philadelphicus, Macron, 44
Philodromus syntheticus, 124 (fig.)
Phoca richardii. 311

geronimensis, 308
Phoebe, Black, 297
Pholadidea, 462
Pholas sp. ind., 68
Pholus, 462

Phos (?) latirugatus, 53
phosoidea, Siphonalia, 43, 48, 54, 72

(pl. 7), 74 (pi. 8)
phrygia, Puncturelta, 54
physalus, Balsenoptera, 301
piceus, Dicheirus, 323
picicollis, Parthenicus, 402, 403
picta, Neritina, 452
pictorum, Spondylus, 477
pictus, Cyrtolobus, 408, 409
pileolus, Protancylus, 147
pilosa, Trigonoscuta, 342, 343
pilosisquama, Plenaschopsis, 341, 342, 343
Pinacodera semisulcata, 323

588

CALIFORKIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCES

[Paoc. 4th Sb».

Pinacodera sulcipennis, 323
Pink-footed Shearwater, 284
Pinna caloosaensis, 476

latrania, 475, 477, 498 (pi. 27)
mendenhalli, 476, 498 (pi. 27)
Pipilo crissalis senicula, 300
Pipistrellus Hesperus hesperus, 303
Pirena peruviana, S3

vellicata, S3
Pisobia minutilla, 292
Pissonotus delicatus, 407
giffardi, 407
marginatus, 407
Pitaria (Lamelliconcha) cora aequicincta,
68

planivieta, 68
pizarroi, Crassatellites, 46, 48, 65, 72

(pl. 7)
Plagioctenium, 4

(Plagioctenium) calli, Pecten, 16, 17, 30
(pl. 4)

callidus, Pecten, 20, 21, 22, 32

(pl. 5)
cerrosensis mendenhalli, Pecten,

2, 3, 16, 19, 20, 24 (pl. 1)
cerrosensis, Pecten, IS, 16, 19, 20,

21, 22, 34 (pl. 6)
circularis, Pecten, 2, 3
cristobalensis, Pecten, 19, 20, 28,

(pl. 3)
deserti, Pecten, 2, 3, 17
hakei, Pecten, 18, 19, 30 (pl. 4)
invalidus, Pecten, 2, 3
purpuratus, Pecten, 2, 4, 14, 15,
16, 19, 20, 24 (pl. 1), 30
(pl. 4), 68
subdolus, Pecten, 16, 20, 21, 22,
32 (pl. S)
plana, Turritella, 56
planata, Eleodes parvicollis, 387, 388
plancyi, Rana, 92
planicosta, Venericardia, 70
planiliratus, Conus, 447
planipennis, Eleodes, 390
planivieta, Cytherea, 65

Pitaria (Lamelliconcha), 68
planifoUiculus, Solecurtus (Pharella), 69
Planorbid?e, 147, 160
planus, Platymetopius, 414
platycephalus, Dipodomys, 318
Platymetopius diabolus, 413
nasutus, 413
oregonensis, 414, 415
pexatus, 415
planus, 414
trilineatus, 415
Platynus (Leucagonum) guadalupen.se,
323

maculicollis, 323
Plenaschopsis, 341, 342

pilosisquama, 341, 342, 343

Plesiastrea californica, 482
Pleurotoma, sp. ind., S4
plicifera, Volutilithes, 59
Plover, Black -bellied, 293
Semipalmated, 294
Snowy, 294
Pluchea sericea, 406
pluches, Orthotylus, 397
plumarium, Anthidium, 356
Pocket Mouse, Anthony's, 317
Heller's, 316
Magdalena Island, 317
Poeciloscytus venaticus, 396
pogonopus, Phidippus, 132 (fig.)
Polinices, 6

porcana, 54
subangulata, 54
Polyborus cheriway, 295
polypolius (?), Peromyscus eremicus, 31*
pomonse, Megachile pugnata, 204
porcana, Polinices, 54
porcata, Eleodes, 375
Porites carrizensis, 481
Potamides occidentalis, 54

ormei infraliratus, 54
praecox, Cixius, 405

praltria hesperophilus, Astragalinus, 299
pratense, Callanthidium formosum, 3S«
pratti, Orthophragmina, 4
prenuncia, Corbula (Aloidis), 64
inconspicua, Turritella, 58
Turritella, 58
pressa, Tellina (Angulus), 69
pretiosa, Neotoma intermedia, 315
pretiosus, Pecten (Lyropecten), 12, 26

(pl. 2), 28 (pl. 3)
princeps, Fasciolaria, 448
procurvatum, Cardium, 62
producta, Eleodes parvicollis, 387
prolata. Area (Anadara) toroensis, 61
propinqua, Chione (Chione), 63

Corbula (Cuneocorbula), 64
Melanatria, 52
prora, Strigilla, 69
Prosopis citrinifrons, 187
prosoptera, Lucina, 66
Protancylus pileolus, 147
protexta, Terebra, 456
provancheri, Dianthidium, 362, 364. 365
psalloides, Parthenicus, 403
Psammobia, 5

darwini, 68
Pseudagapostemon, 189
Pseudoglauconia lissoni, 43, 54
Pseudoliva nnitabilis, 54

parinasensis, 54
Pseudomelecta californica, 201
(Pseudomiltha ?) insleyi, Phacoides, 68
Ptychoramphus aleuticus, 280

Vol. XIV]

1}\DEX

589

Publications by Museum Staff (1925),

531
pudica, Largidea, 397
pudicum, Dianthidium, 363
Puffinus buUeri, 285

chlororhynchus, 285

creatopus, 284, 285

griseus, 285

opisthoraelas, 284, 285
pugionis, Calliopsis, 197
pugnata pomonas, Megachile, 204
pulchella arida, Exomalopsis, 202, 203

Exomalopsis, 202

Lucina, 66
pulchra, Chelynia, 210
punctata, Eleodes obsoleta jorma, 378
ptincticaudum, Anthidiuni, 360, 361
puncticoUis, Stibia, 329
punctifer^, Perdita, 194
punctulata, Coelotaxis, 336
Puncturella phrygia, 54
pupa, Lonatura, 423
pupoidea, Bezauconia, 49
Purpura chocolatum, 54
purpuratus, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 2,
4, 14, 15. 16, 19, 20, 24 (pi. 1), 30
(pi. 4), 68
pusillum, Catorama, 340
pygmaea, Eleodes, 332
pyrifera, Perdita, 192
Pyrula, 449

peruviana, 54

roseta, 54, 56

Q

quadriceps, Architectontca,442,484(pl. 20)

Solarium, 442
quadricoUis, Eleodes, 373, 374, 375, 376,
377, 385

lassenica, Eleodes, 373, 374, 375
Quail, Valley, 294

Rabbit, Magdalena Island Jack, 319

San Pedro Martir Jack, 318
(radiata), Tivela bryoniana, 6
(Rata) gabbi, Labiosa, 66
Rata gibbosa, 5, 68
(Rjeta) ventricosta, Labiosa, 66
Rail, Belding's, 291
raimondii. Area, 61
Rallus beldingi, 291
Rana chinensis, 92

japonica, 93

plancyi, 92

rugosa, 94

temporaria, 93, 101
Rat, Cedros Island Wood, 316

Intermediate Wood, 315

Matancita Wood, 315

Roof, 316

San Bernardino Kangaroo, 318

rattus alcxandrinus, Epimys, 316

Raven, 298

raymondi, Pecten, 17

redacta, Neriene, 118, 119 (fig.), 120

Red Phalarope, 291

Red-tail, Western, 295

reducta, Eleodes, 377, 378

reevei, Crassatellites, 464

reevesii, Geoclemys, 100

refllexa, Lymnaea, 147, 1S8

refugioensis, Pecten (Pecten), 7, 24

(pi. 1), 32 (pi. 5)
regina, Uvanilla, 242
regularis, Conus, 447, 486 (pi. 21)
relativus, Euscelis, 420
repletus, Margus, 393
Report of the Director for the Year
1925, by Barton Warren Evermann,
521
Report of the President of the Academy
for the Year 1925, by C. E. Grunsky,
505
Report of the Treasurer for the Year

1925, 590
Reports, Department, 536

Botany, 536

Entomology, 538

Exhibits, 540

Fishes, 541

Herpetology, 542

Library, 543

Mamnialog>', 543

Ornithology, 544

Paleontology, 546

Steinhart Aquarium, 547
reticularis, Oliva, 452
retractata, Area, 48, 60, 61
reversa. Area, 61
revolutus, Pecten. 7
Rhachianectes glaucus, 301
Rhagodera costatus, 326

laticeps, 326

tuberculatus. 326
richardii geronimensis, Phoca, 308

Phoca, 3)1
rileyi, Eleodes, 380
ringens, Malea, 450, 486 (pi. 21)
Roadrunner, 296
robertsoni, Anthidiellum, 362

citrinellum, Anthidiellum, 362
robusta abrupta, Turritella, 59

Turritella (Haustator), 59
robustus, Strongylocoris, 396
Roof Rat, 316
roseta, Pyrula, 54, 56
rostratus guttatus, Passerculus, 299

Passerculus rostratus, 299

rostratus, Passerculus, 299

sanctorum, Passerculus, 299
rotundata, Turritella, 58, 59

Turritella neUoni, 58, 59

590

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCES

[Proc. ■4th Ser.

rotundJcollis, Cratidus, 338

Royal Tern, 282

rubi, Chelynia, 207, 211

rubifloris, Chelostomopsis, 205, 206

Chelynia, 205

edwardsii, Chelostomopsis, 206
rubroniactilosus, Parthenicus, 402
Ruddy Duck, 290

Turnstone, 294
ruficauda, Perdita, 192
ruficollis, Hydranassa tricolor, 291
rufipes, Necrobia, 324
rufiventris, Camptobrochis, 395
rufodorsata, Elaphe, 96
nifozonatum, Dinodon, 99
rugosa, Rana, 94

Sabine's Gull (?), 281
sabini, Xema, 281
sabulosus, Parthenicus, <01

Pellenes, 141
saginata, Venus, 70
sagittipictum, Anthidium, 350
Salticida-, 130
salticus, Oxyopes, 127
San Benito Sparrow, 299
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat, 318
San Clemente House Finch, 298
San Geronimo Harbor Seal, 308
San Lucas Cardinal, 300
Sparrow, 299
Woodpecker, 296
San Pedro Martir Jack Rabbit, 318
San Roque White-footed Mouse, 315
sancti-ludovici, Pecten, 472, 473, 474, 488

(pl. 22)
sanctilucse, Ardea herodias, 291
sanctorum, Passerculus rostratus, 299
Sandpiper, Least, 292
Spotted, 293
Western, 292
santarosanus, Pecten, 17
sausalitanus, Dendryphantes, 135, 136,

137, 138 (fig.)
Say's Flycatcher, 297
sayi, Dianthidium, 362
Sayornis nigricans, 297

sayus, 297
sayus, Sayornis, 297
scabva, Littorina, 449
scabricostata, Nerita, 452
scalaris lucasanus, Dryobates, 296

Scaphoideus, 419
(Scambula) berryi, Crassatellites, 64
nelsoni, Crassatellites, 65, 70
Scapharca (Argina) sullanensis, 68
(Scapharca) charanensis, Area, 60
crescens. Area, 60
fissicosta. Area, 60
hispaniolana. Area, 60

(Scapharca) imporcata. Area, 60
larkinii, Area, 60
obesiformis. Area, 61
pantheonensis. Area, 61
singewaldi, Area, 61
singewaldi doma. Area, 61
Scapharca sp. ind., 62, 69
(Scapharca) vanholsti. Area, 62

zapotalensis. Area, 62
Scapharca zorritoensis, 62

zorritosensis, 69
Scaphoideus albonotatus, 419
minis, 419
nugax, 419
scalaris, 419
Scellus crinipes, 176, 177, 179 (fig.), 181
(fig.)

varipennis, 176, 180, 181 (fig.)
virago, 175, 176, 179 (fig.)
Scellus virago Aldrich (A Two-winged
Fly) and Two Forms Closely Related
To It, by M. C. Van Duzee, 175
schrenckii, Elaphe, 97, 102
schwarzi, Eleodes nigrina, 389
scituli, Oreopasites, 202
Scoter, Surf, 290
scotti, Spondylus, 478
sculpta, Ostrea, 67
scutellaris, Nemognathus, 325

peninsularis, Spinoliella, 195
Spinoliella, 195, 197
Scymnosus nebulosus, 327
Scymnus guadalupensis, 327
Sea Lion, California, 304

Otter, Southern, 303
Seal, Elephant, 309

Guadalupe Fur, 306
San Geronimo Harbor, 308
Sebastodes (?), 311

sechuntana, Chione, 47, 48, 63, 72 (pl. 7)
sectum, Dentalium, 84
(Seladonia) catalinensis, Halictus, 191
Semele solida, 69
seniilseve, Calosoma, 322
Semipalmated Plover, 294
semipalmatus, Charadrius, 294

inornatus, Catoptrophorus, 292
semipolitum, Dentalium, 83, 84
semisulcata, Pinacodera, 323
senicula, Pipilo crissalis, 300
septentrionalis, Cathartes aura, 295
septifera. Area (Anadara), 61
sericea, Pluchea, 406
serrainim, Anthidium, 366

Callanthidium illustre, 366
serrata, Eurypelma, 107
sexlineare, Solarium, 55
sexmaculata, Stelis, 212, 213
shastus, Euscelis, 420

Vol. XIV]

IXDEX

591

Shearwater, Black-vented, 284

New Zealand, 285

Pink-footed, 284

Sooty, 285
shoshoneum, Brachybothriuni, 105, 106

(fig.)
Shrew, Gray, 303
Sibbaldius sulfureus, 301
Siderastrea californica, 482

mendenhalli, 482

mendenhalli minor, 482
sierra, Eleodes, 389
Sigaretus excentricus, 54
sigfinoidea, Cicindela, 322
signatifrons, Deltocephalus, 416
similis, Exomalopsis, 202
singewaldi. Area (Scapharca), 61

doma, Area (Seapharea), 61
singulare, Dianthidium, 362, 363

melanognatbum, Dianthidium,
363

perluteum, Dianthidium, 363
sinuatus, Corvus covax, 298
Sinum coralanum, 54
Siphonalia, 43

phosoidea, 43, 48, 54, 72 (pi. 7),
74 (pi. 8)
Sittieus synopticus, 130 (fig.)
Slevin, Joseph R., Contributions to Ori-
ental Herpetology, II. Korea or
Chosen, 89
Slevin, Joseph R., Contributions to Ori-
ental Herpetology, III. Russian Asia
and Manchuria, 101
slevini, Camptobrochis, 395

Ccelocnemis, 337

Colletes, 185
snowi, CEcleus, 406
Snowy Plover, 294

"socorroensis," Oceanodroma, 287, 288
Solarium nelsoni, 55

quadriceps, 442

sexlineare, 55
Solecurtus (Pharella) planifolliculus, 69

sp. ind., 69
Solen mierosulcatus, 69
Solenastrea fairbanksi, 482

fairbanksi columnaris, 482

fairbanksi minor, 482

fairbanksi normalis, 483
Solenosteira alternata, 51, 55

anomala, 453, 484 (pi. 20)
solida, Clavella, 50, 56

Eusmilia, 481

Madripora, 481

Triumphis, 50, 54, 56
Sonoran White-footed Mouse, 314
sonorainus, Trachyrhinus, 172
sonoriensis, Peromyseus maniculatus,

314
sonorus, Bombus, 214

Sooty Shearwater, 285
sox-dida, Estola, 341
soror, Parthcnieus, 401
Southern Sea Otter, 30J
Sparrow, Belding, 299

Bell's, 300

Desert, 300

Large-billed, 299

San Benito, 299

San Lucas, 299
sparsa, Stibia, 329
spatagus, Metalia, 480, 492 (pi. 24)
spatiosa, Cancellaria, 49
speculicollis, Eleodes, 382, 383
Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea, 296
Sphaeraleea (Malvaceae), 203
Sphecodes arvensiformis, 191, 192

arvensis, 192
spicata, Oliva, 452, 486 (pi. 21)
spiculifera, Centrioptera, 330
spiekeri, Cardium, 48, 62, 65
spilurus, Halictoides, 200
spinalis. Coluber, 98
spiniferus, Halictoides (Cryptohalicto-

ides), 199
Spinoliella, 202

anthidius, 195, 197

australior, 196

edwardsii, 195, 197

edwardsit lateralis, 195, 196, 197

equina, 196, 197, 202

hesperia, 196

obscurella, 196

peninsularis, 195

scutellaris, 195, 197

scutellaris peninsularis, 195

triangulifera, 195, 197

zebrata, 196
spinosum, Anthidium, 359

Crueibulum, 448
Spirembolus, 111, 115

monticolens, 112 (fig.), 113

perjucundus, HI (fig). 1'2, 113,
114

spirotubus, 112 (fig.), 113

synopticus, 113 (fig.), 114

vallicolens, 11' (fig), 112
spirotobus, Tiso, 114
spirotubus, Spirembolus. 112 (fig.), 113
Spondylidse, 477
Spondylus bifrons. 477

bostrychites, 477, 478, 4Q2 (r>I. 24)

calcifer, 477

limbatus, 477

pictoruni, 477

scotti, 478
Spotted Sandpiper, 393
squatarola cynosurae, Squatarola, 293
Squatarola squatarola eynosurae, 293
Squirrel, Lower California Ground, 318
stagnalis, Lyinnaea, 147, 158, 159

592

CAUFOKHIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th Ser.

stearnsiana, Micrarionta, 247
steamsii, Pecten, 470
Stelis callura, 212, 213

carnifex, 212, 213

(remonti, 213

laticincta, 211, 213

montana, 212, 213

sexmaculata, 212, 213
Stephanocaenia fairbanksi, 482

peruviana, 71
Stephens!, Atrina, 461, 498 (pi. 27)
Stercorarius parasiticus, 280
Sterna antillarum, 283

elegans, 282

forsteri, 283

maxima, 282
stevensi, Hylseus, 187
Stibia hannai, 329, 330

opaca, 329

puncticollis, 329

sparsa, 329

williamsi, 328, 329, 330
stoica, Eurypelma, 109 (fig.)
Strepsidura pacifica, 55
striata attenuata, Bullaria, 442

Bulla, 442

Bullaria, 442, 443, 484 (pi. 20)
strigatum, Anthidiellum, 361

luteum, Anthidiellum, 361
Strigilla prora, 69
Strombina lanceolata, 55
Strombus furcatus, 55

galeatus, 454

gracilior, 454

granulatus, 454, 455

obliteratus, 454, 484 (pi. 20)

sp. ind., 55
Strongylocoris robu.stus, 396

uniformis, 396
Struthiolaria guttifera, 55
Studies in the Tenebrionidae, No. 2,
<CoIeoptera), by Frank E. Blaisdell,
Sr., 369
subsenea, Eutettix, 422
subangulata, Polinices, 54
subaucanum, Cardium, 63
subcaerulea, Chelynia, 209, 210
subclausa, Natica, 46
subcostata, Anomia, 430, 460, 471, 490

(pl. 23)
subdoius, Pecten (Plagioctenium), 16, 20,

21, 22, 32 (pi. 5)
subfasciata, Perdita, 194
subgibbosus, Crassatellites, 463, 464, 500

(pl. 28)
subglauca, Chelynia, 210, 211
subnodosus, Pecten, 474, 494 (pl. 25)
subreflexus, CEcleus, 406
subrotundata, Lanx, 143, 149
subtilior, Agapostemon texanus, 191

subtuberosa. Cassis, 444, 445, 484 (pl. 20),

502 (pl. 29)
subventricosus, Pecten, 15
sulcata, Mitra, 450
sulcatus, Tonibius, 337
sulcifera, Cassis, 445
sulcipennis, Eleodes, 384

Pinacodera, 323
sulfureus, Sibbaldius, 301
suUanensis, Scapharca (Argina), 68
Sulphur Bottom Whale, 301
supraconcava abrupta, Turritella, 59

Turritella, 48, 59
Surcula, 45

mayi, 45, 48, 55, 72 (pl. 7)

occidentalis, 45, 55

thompsoni, 45, 55
Surf Scoter, 290

surinamensis, Chlidonias nigra, 283
suturalis, Turritella, 58, 59
Swallow, Cliff, 300
Swift, White-throated, 296
Swinhoe's Fork-tailed Petrel, 287
Sycum americanum, 55
Sylvilagus bachmani cerrosensis, 319

bachmani cinerascens, 319

bachmani exiguus, 319
syntheticus, Philodromus, 124 (fig.)
synopticus, Sitticus, 130 (fig.)

Spirembolus, 113 (fig.). 114

Tagelus californianus, 479

gibbus, 69
Takydromus amurensis, 94

wolteri, 94
talarana, Corbula, 48, 64

Lucina, 48, 66
talaraensis, Fusus, 48, 52
Tattler, Wandering, 292
tegwaniense, Anthidiellum, 362
tejonensis, Ceratina, 214
Telabis amica, 373

nevadensis, 372, 373

uteana, 373
Telescopium peruvianum, 55

Tellina, 5, 6

(Angulus) pressa, 69
(Angulus?) singewaldi, 69
(Eurytellina) aequicincta, 69
sp. ind., 69
zapotalensis, 69

temporaria, Rana, 93, 101
Tenebrionidae, 369
tenebrosa, Amphidora, 338
tenuiflorae, Anthidium, 347, 355, 356
tenuimargo, Cardium, 63
tenuis, Encope, 479
Teratocoris discolor, 400

Vol. XIV]

INDEX

593

Terebra, 456

albida barret ti, 456

altilira, 458

cooperi, 458

dislocata, 456

exoleta, 458

gausapata, 455, 456, 488 (pi. 22)

gausapata herviderana, 55

inariana, 459

martini, 456

nelsoni, 48, 53, 55, 56

pedroana, 456

perattenuata, 458

protexta, 456

tomata, 458

terebriformis, 458

tuberosa, 55, 56
terebriformis, Terebra, 458
Tern, Black, 283

Elegant, 28.2

Forster's, 283

Least, 283

Royal, 282
texana, Exomalopsis, 203
texanus, Agapostemon, 191

iowensis, Agapostemon, 191

subtilior, Agapostemon, 191

vandykei, Agapostemon, 191
Texas Nighthawk, 296
Thamnotettix helvinus, 423

lenis, 423

vastula, 424

venitus, 424
Thaumastoplax eocenica, 70
thersites, Megasominus, 340
Thomisidae, 124
Thomomys, 318
tbompsoni, Surcula, 45, 55
Thryomanes brevicauda, 279
tigerina, Codakia, 463
tigrina lateralis, Natrix, 102, 103

Natrix tigrina, 95

tigrina, Natrix, 95
Ikimberlakei, Perdita, 194
Tiso spirotobus, 114
titusi, Anthidium, 345, 346, 361
Tivela bryoniana (radiata), 6
Tonibiastes costipennis, 337
Tonibius sulcatus, 337
tornata, Terebra, 458
toroensis, Area (Anadara), 61

crassa, Area (Anadara), 61
prolata. Area (Anadara), 61
Tortemboius, 115
alpinus, 115

demonologicus, 115, 117, 118 (fig.)

fasciatus, 115

tortuosus, 115, 116 (fig.)
tortuosus, Tortemboius, 115, 116 (fig.)
Tetanus melanoleucus, 292
Towhee, Anthony's, 300

townsendi, Arctocephalus, 241, 306

Perdita, 194
(Trachycardium) peruvianum, Cardium,
62

zorritensis, Cardium, 63
Trachyrhinus sonoranus, 172
Transenella herviderana, 69
triangularis, Cancellaria, 49
triangulifera, Spinoliella, 195, 197
tricarinata, Turritella, 59
Trichochrous apicalis, 324

innocens, 324

margaritae, 323
tricolor ruficollis, Hydranassa, 291
tricostata, Eleodes, 375, 376
tricuspidum, Anthidium, 354
Triepeolus blaisdelli, 202

mensa, 202

norae, 202

pacis, 201

verbesinse, 201
(Trigoniocardia) affinis, Cardium, 62
Trigonoscuta, 341, 342

pilosa, 342, 343
trilineatus, Platymetopius, 415
tristis, Turritella, 5
trita, Eleodes parvicollis, 387, 388

Turritella inca, 57
Tritonium pernodosum, 56
Triumphis solida, SO, 54, 56
trullissatia, Turritella nelsoni, 58
truncatiforme, Anthidiellum, 361
tuberculata, Area, 6

tuberculatum, Oxyopeidon, 129, 130 (fig.)
tuberculatus, Rhagodera, 326
tuberculomuricata, Eleodes humeralis

forma, 380
tuberosa. Cassis, 444, 445

Myurella, S3, 55

Terebra, 55, 56
tularensis, Eleodes dentipes, 385, 386, 387
Turbo belli, 56

belli sequifilicatum, 56

lineatus, 56
Turkey Vulture, 295
Turnstone, Black, 294

Ruddy, 294
Turris albida (?), 456
turrita, Columbella, 50
Turritella, 6

altilira, 56

altilirata, 56

anceps, 56

annectens, 56

alturana, 56

bifastigata, 57

bosworthi, 57

charana, 57

cochleiformis, 41, 57, 72 (pi. 7)

conquistadorana, 41, 48, 57, 72
(pi. 7)

594

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEHCES

[Proc. 4th Sbr.

Turritella, dickersoni, 57

douvillei, 57

filicincta varicosta, 41, 57, 74
(pl. 8)

gothica, 57

(Haustator) filicincta, 57
gabbiana, 57
robusta, 59

humerosa, 41

imperialis, 457, 486 (pl. 21)

inca, 57

inca trita, 57

inconspicua, 58

infracarinata, 58

infracarinata zorritoensis, 58

lissoni, 58

merriami, 41

nelsoni, 58, 59

nelsoni rotundata, 58, 59

nelsoni trullissatia, 58

nigritosensis, 58

plana, 56

prenuncia, 58

prenuncia inconspicua, 58

robusta, 59

robusta abrupta, 59

rotundata, 58, 59

sp. ind., 59

supraconcava, 48, 59

supraconcava abrupta, 59

suturalis, 58, 59

tricarinata, 59

tristis, 5
Tympanotonus lagunitensis, 59

U

uber, Natica, 451
undulata, Cyathodonta, 466
ungulatus, Mytilus, 67
unicinctus harrisi, Parabuteo, 295
unidens, Modulus, 451
unifasciata, Natica, 451
uniformis, Strongylocoris, 396
urceolata, Cancellaria, 444
uropygialis brewsteri, Centurus, 296
uteana, Telabis, 373
Uvanilla regina, 242
sp. ind., 59

V

vagans, Eurypelma, 108

valdiviana, Area, 62

Valley Quail, 294

vallicola, Lophortyx californica, 294

vallicolens, Dentaliuin, 85, 86 (pl. 10)
Spirenibolus, 111 (fig.), 112

Vanatta, 453

Van Duzee, Edward P., New Hemiptera
from Western North America, 391

Van Duzee, M. C, Scellus virago Aid-
rich (A Two-winged Fly) and Two
Forms Closely Related To It, 175

vanduzeei, Halictus, 191

Oreopasites, 202
Vanduzeeina balli, 391, 392

borealis. 392, 393

californica, 391, 392, 393
vandykei, Agapostemon texanus, 191

Cixius, 404

Megachile, 205
vanholsti. Area (Scapharca), 62
varia, Littorina, 449
variabilis, Chione, 63
varicosta, Turritella filicincta, 41, 57,

74, (pl. 8)
variolosa, Eleodes manni, 389
varipennis, Scellus, 176, 180, 181 (fig.)
varipuncta, Xylocopa, 214
vastula, Thamnotettix, 424
Vasum csestum, 459

haitensis, 459

haitensis engonatum, 460

muricatum, 459
vau, Cyrtolobus, 408
vaughani, Pecten, 12
veatchii, Ostrea, 469
vellicata, Pirena, 53
venaticus, Pceciloscytus, 396
Venericardia clavidens, 69

planicosta, 70
ventricosta, Labiosa (Raeta), 66
Venus (Chione) columbensis, 70

munsteri, 70

nelsoni, 65, 70

saginata. 70
venusta, Melanatria, 52
verbesinse, Triepeolus, 201
Vermetidse, 460
Vermetus, sp. ind., 59
Vermiceras crossmani, 77, 78, 80 (pi. 9)
Vermicularia eburnea, 460
Veronicellidse, 147
verutus, Thamnotettix, 424
vespertina, Ostrea, 430, 468, 469, 471, 496

(pl. 26)
vetula, Lutraria, 66
vibakari, Natrix vibakari, 95

vibakari, Natrix, 95
villosus, Creophilus, 323
violacea, Nyctanassa, 291
virago, Scellus, 175, 176, 179 (fig.)
virescens frazari, Butorides, 291
virgatus, Halictoides, 199
virginica, Ostrea, 468

Xylocopa, 214
viridescens, Halictoides, 200
visaliensis, Calliopsis, 19S
vittata, Perdita, 194
vociferus, Oxyechus, 293
vogdesi, Pecten, 9, 10
Volutilithes plicifera, 59
Volutoderma, 59

Vol. XIV]

IHDEX

595

Volutospina crassiuscula, 59

nieridionalis, 59

peruviana, 60
vulpinus, Dermestes, 325
Vulture, Turkey, 295

W

Wala, 131

(Walkerola) klamathensis, Lanx, 149

wana, Bathyphantes, 121, 122 (fig.), 123

Wandering Tattler, 292

waringi, Corbula, M

wenzeli, Eleodes, 381

Western Bat, 303

Gull, 280

Mourning Dove, 294

Red-tail, 295

Sandpiper, 292

Willet, 292
Whale, California Gray, 301

Pacific Finback, 301

Sulphur Bottom, 301
White Ibis, 290
White-footed Mouse, Ashy-gray, 315

Cedros Island, 314

Magdalena, 315

Margarita, 314

San Roque, 315

Sonoran, 314
Vv'hite-tailed Deer, Cedros Island, 319
White-throated Swift, 2%
Willet, Western, 292
wiliiamsi, Stibia, 328, 329, 330
■wilsoni, Anthidium bernardinum, 352,
353

Anthidium pecosense, 360

Anthidium pecosense fragari-
ellum, 353
wolteri, Takydromus, 94
Wood Rat, Cedros Island, 316

Intermediate, 315

Matancita, 315
woodhulli, Arnioceras, 77, 78, 79

Woodpecker, Brewster's, 296

San Lucas, 296
woodringi, Pecten, 68
woodsi, AmpuUina, 48, 49

Corbula, 47, 48, 64
wootoni calogaster, Megachile, 204

xanthognathum, Anthidium, 347, 351

Xanthopsis errans, 70
Xantus's Jay, 298

Murrelet, 280
xantusi, Phacoides, 474, 500 (pi. 28), 502

(pl. 29)
Xema sabini, 281
Xylocopa arizonensis, 214

californica, 214

orpifex, 214

varipuncta, 214

virginica, 214

Yellow-crowned Night Heron, 291
Yellow-legs, Greater, 292

Zalophus californianus, 304
zapotalensis, Area (Scapharca), 62

Tellina, 69
zebrata, Spinoliella, 196
Zenaidura macroura marginella, 294
zephyrius, Deltocephalus, 418
ziczag, Pecten, 471
zorritense, Argobuccinum, 49, 53
zorritensis. Area (Cunearca), 62, 69

Cardium (Trachycardium), 63

Mactra, 66, 67

Mulinia, 66, 67

Nassa, 49, 53
zorritoensis, Scapharca, 62

Turritella infracarinata var., 58
zorritosensis, Scapharca, 69

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 1-35, plates 1-6 July 21, 1925

Pectens from the Tertiary of
Lower California

BY

Leo G. Hertlein
Lel&nd Stanford Junior University

SAN FRANCISCO

Published by the Academy

1925

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp. 37-75, plates 7 and 8 July 21, 1925

II

Contribution to the Tertiary Paleontology

of Peru

BY

G. DALLAS HANNA

AND

MERLE C. ISRAELSKY
Department of Paleontology

SAN FRANCISCO

Published by the Academy

1925

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 8, pp. 143-169, plates 11-14 August 14, 1925

VIII

Anatomy of Lanx, a LimpeMike Lymnaeid

Mollusk

BY

H. BURRINGTON BaKER

University of Pennsylvania

PRINTED FROM THE
JOHN W. HENDRIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT

SAN FRANCISCO

Published by the Academy

1925

V.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 12, pp. 217-275, text figs. 1-2, plates 15-19, September 5, 1925

XII

Expedition to Guadalupe Island, Mexico,

in 1922

GENERAL REPORT

BY

G. Dallas Hanna

Curator, Department of Paleontology

PRINTED FROM THE
JOHN W. HENORIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT

SAN FRANCISCO

Published by the Academy

1925

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, No. 18, pp. 427-503, text fig. 1, plates 20-29 March 23, 1926

XVIII

Paleontology of Coyote Mountain,
Imperial County, California

BY

G. Dallas Hanna

Curator, Department of Paleontology

PRINTED FROM THE
JOHN W. HENDRIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT

v-;r!\n>t7

SAN FRANCISCO /\:\

1926 !

\^

"If^Y^-'

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fourth Series

Vol. XIV, Nos. 19 and 20, pp. 505-566

April 28, 1926

XIX

Report of the President of the Academy
for the Year 1925

BY

C. E. Grunsky

President of the Academy

XX

Report of the Director of the Museum
for the Year 1925

BY

Barton Warren Evermann

Director of the Museum

PRINTED FROM THE
JOHN W. HENORIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT

SAN FRANaSCO

PUBUSHED BY THE ACADEMY

1926

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