PROCEEDINGS OF THli California Academy of Sciences FOURTH SERIES Vol. XVII SAN FRANCISCO Published by the Academy 1928-1929 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION Col. George C. Edwards, Chairman Dr. C. E. Grunsky Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Notes on Lower Tertiary Deposits of Colombia and their Molluscan and Foraminiferal Fauna. By F. M.Anderson, Published June 22, 1928 1 Plate 1 2. New Mycetophilidae taken in California and Alaska. By M. C. Van Duzee. Published June 22, 1928 31 3. A Key to the Species of Eucalyptus Grown in California. By Eric Walther. Published June 22, 1928 67 4. Tertiary and Pleistocene Mollusca from the Galapagos Islands. By William Healey Dall and Washington Henry Ochsner. Pub- lished June 22, 1928 89 Plates 2-7 5. Landshells of the Galapagos Islands. By William Healey Dall and Washington Henry Ochsner. Published June 22, 1928 141 Plates 8 and 9 6. West American Mollusca of the Genus Phasianella. By A. M. Strong. Published June 22, 1928 187 Plate 10 7. Some Pyramidellidae from the Gulf of California. By Fred Baker, G. Dallas Hanna and A. M. Strong. Published June 29, 1928 ... 205 Plates 11 and 12 8. Occurrence of Some Asiatic Birds in Alaska. By Harry S. Swarth. Published July 10, 1928 247 9. A Commensal Polynoid Worm from California. By Tage Skogs- berg. Published July 10, 1928 253 10. Structure and Behavior of the Amphipod, Polycheria osborni. By Tage Skogsberg and G. H. Vansell. Published July 10, 1928. . 267 11. Report of President of Academy. By C. E. Grunsky 297-307 12. Report of Director. By Barton Warren Evermann 308-353 Report of Treasurer. By M. Hall McAllister 354-359 Index 361 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. XVII, No. 1, pp. 1-29, plate 1, 11 text figures June 22, 1928 NOTES ON LOWER TERTIARY DEPOSITS OF COLOMBIA AND THEIR MOLLUSCAN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA BY F. M. ANDERSON Honorary Curator, Department of Paleontology Introduction Tertiary deposits are widely spread throughout the general area of the northern Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, occu- pying extensive basins in the present drainage systems of Lake Maracaibo, the Orinoco, and the Magdalena rivers. The chief interest of this paper centers in the early Tertiary de- posits of the Magdalena and its tributaries, and especially in those of the Eocene and their environments. It would appear from the distribution, materials and struc- tural features of the earliest Tertiary known here, and their relations to the later Cretaceous formations, that their habitat was already prepared for them prior to their deposition. Ex- tensive earth movements, folding and faulting of the older rocks, accompanied by uplift and denudation, had taken place before the close of Cretaceous time, and a great system of val- leys with intervening ranges of mountains and coastal low- lands had been developed, into which, or upon which, the sea June 22, 1928 2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. was led by early Tertiary subsidence, spreading contemporane- ous deposits far inland. From a study of the estuarine and non-marine Eocene (and Oligocene ?) deposits of Colombia, it appears that the surface relief of this region during the early Tertiary was not high, that the climate, while moist, was without excessive precipita- tion, and the country perhaps well forested. The drainage basin of the Magdalena and its environs now present a varied topographic and geologic composition, a com- plete study of which would doubtless furnish the basis for a study of the neighboring basins and in large part the inter- vening Andean mountain system. The Tertiary deposits within the drainage area of the Magdalena range in age from early or middle Eocene to Pleistocene, and in character from clearly marine strata through estuarine to purely lacustrine and land-laid beds. On the basis of the various facies of these deposits, as well as that of present and past topographic conditions, the valley of the Magdalena itself may be divided into three distinct sec- tions, constituting the lower, central and upper valleys of the river. The valley between El Banco and the coast could be subdivided, but for the present will be known as the lower valley. The central valley extends from El Banco southward to the narrows above the Rio Nare. The upper valley extends south- ward from Honda to far above Neiva, or in fact, to where the valley closes to a mere canon. Basement Rocks The basement upon which the Tertiary deposits rest differs in different parts of the country. In the interior, about the non-marine and estuarine provinces, the basement rocks in- clude Cretaceous strata, granitoid and other crystalline rocks, and semi-metamorphic slates, limestones and quartzites. Crystalline rocks outcrop along a low range of hills connecting the Cerros de San Lucas, west of the river, with the Sierra de Santa Marta, crossing the course of the Magdalena near El Banco, where they outcrop on both sides of the river in low hills. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAM1NIFERAL FAUNA 3 West of the river the marine Tertiary deposits are in part bordered on the south by crystalline rocks in the San Lucas and Ayapel ranges, and on the west in part by similar rocks in the San Jeronimo range, which also occur at a few scattered points, as in the Cerro de Maco. Cretaceous beds occur in contact with marine Tertiary about the Santa Marta range and at a few other localities west of the Magdalena, judging from lithology. For the most part the basement rocks are either Cretaceous or older, possibly including some of Paleo- zoic age not yet recognized as such. Volcanic rocks older than the Tertiary have also been described in the western Cordil- lera, and in the Sierra de Perija. Eocene Deposits The Eocene deposits within the drainage areas of the Mag- dalena illustrate better than any other the three distinct facies of deposition, since they include not only marine deposits well characterized by faunas, but also non-marine, or lacustrine deposits far in the interior, and in intervening stations where the drainage found exit from the interior, there are partly marine, or estuarine deposits, also characterized by a fauna of brackish water aspect, with no clearly marine species, but as- sociated with veins of coal and carbonaceous beds, and with petroliferous strata. Marine Eocene. The Eocene deposits of the lower valley of the Rio Magdalena, and westward along the coast to the Gulf of Uraba, are almost entirely marine, if we except certain coal-bearing beds that seem to represent temporary conditions of deposition in the midst of the series. These coal-bearing strata outcrop about San Andres, and appear to underlie much of the San Jorge valley east of the San Jeronimo range. In the Coloso range, east of the Gulf of Morrosquillo, and in the higher hills west of the Sinu valley, as in the Cerros de las Palomas, there are cherts limestones and hard sandstones of the type found about San Andres and the Cerro de Tofeme, that doubtless belong in the Eocene. Between Lorica and Monitos, near the village of San Bias, an outcrop of rusty gray or yellowish sandstone contains numerous Eocene types of Mollusca, such as Venericardia, Turritella, Ostrea, etc. 4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Paoc. 4th Ss*. This sandstone is clearly associated with the cherts and lime- stones of the Cerros de las Palomas. El Carmen section. In southern Bolivar a general section of the Lower Tertiary deposits was made, extending from the basal beds near Cansona, by way of El Carmen eastward toward Zambrano on the Magdalena. In this section the proved Eocene constitutes at least 4,500 feet of strata, or a little more than two-thirds of the Lower Tertiary below the known Miocene deposits. The known Eocene begins on the west at a pronounced fault scarp, which a little farther north exposes older crystalline rocks in the Cerro de Maco, while toward the east it is covered by later Tertiary beds including Miocene and possibly Oligocene deposits. The Eocene series shown in this section may be roughly divided into the follow- ing subdivisions or zones, as heretofore described1 : Thickness (Feet) G, — Clay shale, sandy clay shale, white siliceous shale, prob- ably organic; not known to be the top 1 ,000 F, — Concretionary sandy shale, sandstone, etc., with mollus- can fossils, foraminifera, petrified wood, etc 600 E, — Yellow thin-bedded sandstone, weathering red 400 D, — Whitish shale, with lenses and thin beds of limestone, etc., (Tofeme member) with thin beds of lignite and carbona- ceous matter near bottom) 800 C, — Earthy or hard, thin-bedded, siliceous shales, marly shale, limestone, etc., containing molluscan fossils 800 B, — Yellow concretionary sandstone 500 A, — Heavy beds of sandy conglomerate (near Cansona) with boulders of sandstone, chert and eruptive rocks of dioritic nature, all well rounded 400 Total 4,500 feet Fig. 1. Fig. 1. East to west sectional sketch through El Carmen. Horizontal scale, 1 inch = 3.4 miles; vertical scale, X 6.8. 1 Anderson, F. M., BulL Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Vol. 10, 1926, p. 5. Vol. XVII) ANDERSON— MOLLVSCAN AND FORAM1NIFERAL FAUNA 5 Stfucture. The structure of these beds is shown in the ac- companying profile, which crosses two or more anticlinal folds, the central being the most prominent and extensive. It is traceable for nearly 100 miles in a direction of N. 30° E., from near San Andres northward to Calamar. Where the section crosses this fold two miles west of El Carmen it is deeply cut by erosion, exposing three or more of the upper members of the foregoing series. West of the axis of this fold the beds sink in a syncline that may be co-extensive. Toward the north it extends to an unknown distance, possibly to Calamar, and southward it may find its continuation in the Sincelejo syn- cline described by Beck2 near San Andres. Throughout most of its course this trough is occupied by later beds which cover the known Eocene. In places these may be Oligocene in age, but in other places they are certainly Miocene. However, these superimposed beds are not always in contact with the same horizon of the Eocene. Denudation evidently followed the folding of the Eocene series. West of the syncline in the Carmen section the entire Eocene series rises in a high monoclinal range of hills (1800 ft.?), the west slope of which represents the great fault scarp mentioned before. Near San Juan the series is faulted along a parallel line nearer the syncline, but rises farther west upon the crystalline rocks of the Cerro de Maco. The fault line passing near Cansona extends northward toward Calamar, and southward forms the west escarpment of the Coloso range facing the Gulf of Morrosquillo, and with some offsets may be followed by the way of Palmito into the Sinu valley far above Monteria. This has been called the "Bolivar fault." Molluscan fauna. The fauna of the marine Eocene series can be only partially given at present, though a sufficient num- ber of determinable species was found to indicate the strati- graphic position of some of the beds in the general section of the Andean Eocene, and perhaps that of the Gulf coast and of western Europe. From horizon F, in the upper part of the series, and over- lying the red beds of horizon E, a limited fauna was obtained from a point some six miles southwest of El Carmen, on the 3 Beck, Elfred, Econ. Geol., Vol. 16, 1921, pp. 464-467. 6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc. 4th Ser. west flank of the high anticlinal ridge, which contained the following species: Aturia colombiana, n. sp. Ostrea cf. Alabatniensis Lea Crassinella (Gouldia) minuta, n. sp. Cerithiopsis, sp. Cardium cf. triangulatum de Laub. Pseudoliva sp. Venericardia alticosta (?) Conrad PAoy sp. Corbula sp. Numulites carmenensis, n. sp. The numuloid foraminifera occur here in great numbers in a concretionary bed of sandstone containing also some mol- luscan species. Overlying this are sandy shales with layers of sandstone containing the large oysters, the valves of which as seen in fragments are more than two inches in thickness and perhaps a foot in length. West of the syncline this horizon rises at the foot of the monoclinal range a little below Caracoli, and is identifiable not alone by its fauna, but also by its relation to the underlying red bed. At a point about six miles west of El Carmen, a con- siderable fauna was collected from concretionary beds in sandy shale, though the collection is far from being exhaustive. It includes some of the species found at the former locality and many others, a list of which with the appropriate citations to the literature follows on another page. It may be worth re- cording that with these fossils were found fragments of car- bonized wood and much shell debris. Many genera and species were observed in the field, some of which were not collected, and the list includes a few of these, especially a form of Venericardia planicosta Lam. In horizon C of the Carmen section, a mile or more north of Caracoli were found a number of fossils in a calcareous sandstone, including a Dosinia, Mactra, Crassatelites ( ?), and Venericardia, near V. planicosta. Horizon F has been found at other neighboring places both north and south of El Carmen, as near San Jacinto, and at Las Palmas. Species of Clavilithcs, Volutospira, Turrit ella and other genera are common in this horizon. Foraminifera, to be described later, characterize these beds in all of the ob- served outcrops, and were found at a depth of 900 feet in the well drilled three miles south of San Jacinto by the Standard Oil Company of California. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSCAN AND FORAMIN1FERAL FAUNA J Another locality found near Arroyo Hondo by John H. Ruckman in 1914 contains numerous molluscan species, in- cluding V enericardia rel. planicosta and foraminifera which Dr. T. W. Vaughan has regarded as probably Eocene.3 The horizon exposed here is believed to be about that of F in the Carmen section, and it is underlaid by a great thickness of Tertiary shale. List of fossils found six miles west of El Carmen, Department of Bolivar, Colombia Gastropoda 1. ActcBon (Tornatellaa) cf. quercollis Harris, 1896; Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. I, No. 4, p. 747 (188); Midway group. 2. Akera bolivarensis, n. sp.; Horizon F. 3. Amauropsis perovata (Conrad), 1846; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 1, fig. 16.— Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 49, pi. 1, fig. 4; Claiborne group. 4. Ancilla {Olivula) cf. scamba (Conrad), 1833; Foss. Shells Tert, Form., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 25, pi. 10, fig. 4; Claiborne group. 5. Ancilla (Olivula) staminea (Conrad), 1832; Foss. Shells Tert. Form., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 25, pi. 10, fig. 5; Claiborne group. 6. Athleta (Volutospina) cf. pelrosa (Conrad), 1835; Foss. Shells^Tert. Form., Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 29; 2d Ed., p. 41, pi. 16, fig. 2; Claiborne group. 7. Athleta (Volutospina) caracoli, n. sp. ; Horizon F. 8. Cadulus sp. 9. Calyptrea cf. aperta (Sol.) Harris, 1899; Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 3, No. 11, p. 84, pi. 11, figs. 13-16; Wilcox group. 10. Cerithiopsis conica Aldrich, 1897; Bull. Am. PaL, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 178, pi. 1, fig. 4; Claiborne group. 11. Clavilithes cf. harrisi Woods, 1922; Geol. and Pal. N. W. Peru, p. 97, pi. 13, fig. 6; Clavilithes series. 12. Dentalium samanicum Berry, 1926; Nautilus, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 19-20, text figs.; ? Negritos group. 13. Dentalium sp. ; Horizon F. 14. Eulima ? sp.; Horizon F.-, 15. Levifusus cf. pagoda (Heilprin), 1880; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 3, p. 149, pi. 1, fig. 1; Eocene, Alabama. — Harris, 1896, Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 207, pi. 9, fig. 8; Wilcox group. 16. Lysis Gabb., sp. not known; Calif. Pal., Vol. 1, p. 138; Eocene. 17. Natica aperta Whitfield, 1S65; Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 265. — Harris Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 3, No. 11, p. 90, pi. 11, fig. 27; Wilcox group. "Vatighan, T. W., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 103, 1919, p. 197. g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 18. Nalica cf. eminula Conrad, 1833; Foss. Shells Tert. Form., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 46— Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 233, pi. 12, fig. 20. 19. Olivancillaria cf. peruviana Woods, 1922; Gcol. and Pal. N. W. Peru, p. 106, pi. 16, figs. 5-6; Lobitos group. 20. Pseudoliva, sp.; Horizon F. 21. Pyrula cf. juvensis Whitfield, 1865. — Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 216, pi. 10, figs. 5-6; Claiborne group. 22. Rostellaria (Cowlitzia) rel. canalifera (Gabb), 1864; — Gabb, Calif. Pal. Vol. 1, p. 123, pi. 29, fig. 228; Tejon group. 23. Sigaretus cf. bilix Conrad, 1833; Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. 23, p. 344. — Harris, Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 7; Claiborne group. 24. Solariella cf. louisiana Dall, 1893; Trans. Wag. Fr. Inst., Vol. 3, p. 407, pi. 23, fig. 1 ; Wilcox group. 25. Surcula {Drillia) carmenensis , n. sp.; Horizon F. 26. Terebra cf. plicatula Lamarck; — Cossmann and Pissarro, Iconog. Coq. foss. l'Eocene, etc., Vol. 2, pi. 53, figs. 231-1; Lute-Barton. 27. Teinostoma subangulata (Meyer), 1886. — Harris, 1899, Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 3, No. 11, p. 101, pi. 12, figs. 20-22; Wilcox group. 28. Turritella humerosa Conrad, 1835; Trans. Geol. Soc. Penn., p. 340, pi. 13 fig. 3.— Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 224, p!. 11, figs. 10-13; Claiborne group. 29. Turritella obruta Conrad, 1833; Foss. Shells Tert. Form. p. 45; 2d Ed. p. 45, pi. 15, fig. 12; Claiborne group. Pelecypoda 30. Acila ovula (Lea), 1833; Cont. Geol., p. 80, pi. 3, fig. 59.— Harris, 1896. Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 168, pi. 4, fig. 5; Midway group- 31. Area rhomboidella Lea, 1833; Cont. Geol., p. 74, pi. 2, fig. 52. — Harris, 1919, Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 6, No. 31, p. 51, pi. 21, figs. 11-17; Claiborne group. 32. Callista (Macrocallista) dickersoni Woods, 1922; Geol. and Paleont. N. W. Peru, p. 71, pi. 4, figs. 6a-6b; Clavilithes series. 33. Cardium aff . triangulatum de Laub. — Cossmann & Pissarro, Iconog. Coq. foss. de l'Eocene, etc., pi. 18, fig. 69-20; Lutetian stage. 34. Corbula cf. arnoldi Woods, 1922; Geol. and Paleont. N. W. Peru, p. 74, pi. 5, figs. 7, 8, 8a; Turritella series. 35. Corbula alabamiefisis Lea, 1883; Cont. Geol. p. 451, pi. 1, fig. 12, etc. — Harris, 1919, Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 6, No. 31, p. 185, etc.; Clai- borne group. 36. Cytherea perovata Conrad, 1833; var. Aldrichi Harris, 1895, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, p. 48, pi. 1, fig. 1; Claiborne group. 37. Glycymeris caracoli Anderson, n. sp.; Horizon F. 38. Mactra parilis Conrad, 1833; Foss. Shells Tert. Form., Vol. 1, No. 3. p. 68, pi. 19, fig. 8; Claiborne group. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA g 39. Tellina greggi Harris, 1897; Bull. Am. Pal. Vol. 2, No. 9, p. 264, pi. 14- fig. 19; Wilcox group. 40. Tellina cf. rostralis (Lamarck.) Cossman and Pissarro, Iconog. Coq. foss. de l'Eocene, etc., Vol. 1, pi. 5, fig. 35-2; Bartolian stage. 41. Tellina cf. subtriangularis Aldrich; Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 70, pi. 5, figs. 8, 8a; Eocene. 42. Venericardia alticosta Conrad, 1833; Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. 23, p. 342; Claiborne group. 43. Venericardia rel. planicosta Lamarck; Woods, 1922, Geol. and Paleont. N. W. Peru, p. 66, pi. 4, figs. 1-4; Clavilithes series. 44. Venericardia cf. subrotunda (Conrad), 1847-50; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vol. 1, p. 129, pi. 14, fig. 11; Eocene. 45. Volupia bolivarensis, n. sp.; Horizon F. Coral 46. Stepfianoccenia peruviana Vaughan, 1922; Geol. and Paleont. of N. W. Peru, p. 133, pi. 23, figs. 1, la, etc.; Clavilithes series. Foraminifera 47. Numulites carmenensis, n. sp.; Horizon F. Crustacea 48. Xanthopsis (?) sp.; Horizon F. Correlation. The total thickness of the proved Eocene sec- tion of Colombia, as seen west of Carmen, greatly exceeds that of the Gulf Coast states and is nearly double in volume. It is considerably less, however, than the estimated thickness of the Negritos formation described by Bosworth4 for the region of northwest Peru, which he divides into two faunal series, domi- nated respectively by the genera Clavilithes and Turritella. Above the Negritos formation which is estimated at 7,000 feet is found the Lobitos, the thickness of which is given as 5,000 feet, all of which are included in the Eocene. The Clavilithes series^ alone, which seems to be the most characteristic as well as the thickest group, is estimated at 4,000 feet. In the Carmen section of Colombia the only part which thus far affords any criteria for direct correlation is horizon F, beneath which there is a total of about 2,900 feet of strata; in the midst of this appear the lignitic beds of hori- zon D. Lithologically the Colombian section can not be satis- * Bosworth, T. O., Geol. and Pal. N. W. Peru, pp. 17 and 23. 10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sek. factorily compared with that of Peru, although shales pre- dominate in both, with only a minor proportion of sandstones. It will be noted in the foregoing list of species from horizon F that many of them have been identified with forms found in the Clavilithes series, as described by Woods.5 Several of them have also been compared to, or identified with, Claiborne species of the Gulf Coast, while a few of them are found also in older groups. The Negritos formation is compared by Woods with the Wilcox and the lower Claiborne groups. It would appear from these facts that horizon F may represent a part of the Clavilithes series, and belongs somewhere in the Claiborne group, while the lower horizons find their place in the Wilcox, and therefore in the lower part of the Negritos formation. In a recent short paper, Werenfels,0 referring to the Ter- tiary section near Tolu Viejo, east of the Gulf of Morrosquillo, describes a group of strata under the name "Toluviejo Series" which he refers to an upper Eocene horizon upon the basis of foraminifera contained therein. The diagram below repre- sents the present author's interpretation of the section com- pared to that of Werenfels and Beck7 for the Tertiary column of northern Colombia. Estuarine deposits. In the central valley of the Magdalena. as in the district of the lower Sogamoso, a great series of strata has been found, which, upon stratigraphic evidence, is to be correlated with the marine Eocene described above, or pos- sibly in part with Oligocene strata, although the latter are not proved to be greatly developed in the nearby marine province of the Tertiary. This series of strata contains a brackish water fauna in its lower part, and beneath it veins of coal and car- bonaceous beds, where it rises upon the flanks of the Cerro de la Paz at the eastern border of the valley. Hettner classed this series with his Guaduas Beds,8 although he regarded it as of Cretaceous age. Some American geologists9 have since ap- plied the name "La Paz Beds" to the series, but to the writer ■- Woods, H., (Op. cit.) pp. 52-56. • Werenfels, A., Eclogae geol. Helvit., Vol. 20, 1926, pp. 79-83. » Beck, Elfred, Econ. Geol., Vol. 16, 1921, p. 463. •Hettner, A., Die Kordillere von Bogata, 1892, Appendix 8c. •Huntley, L. G.. Trans. Am. Inst. Min. & Met. Eng., Vol. 68. 1922, p. 1014, etc. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA \\ Interpretation of Independent Sections of the Tertiary in Northern Colombia Elfred Beck A. Werenfels F. M. Anderson Sincelejo sandstone Pliocene San Antonio sandstone Formation 1500 feet Savana sandstone 3937 feet Cerrito Formation 3937 feet Miocene series 4000 feet, or more. 3 i— i o o w Huertas limestone series 1000 feet M Pacini shales 3280 feet Bombo shales, 500 feet (and other supposed Oligocene beds) Hard gray shale; sandstone and conglomerate ? 2000 feet •sJ O p— < a o o z w (Unconformity) Unconformity Toluviejo series 1312 feet Horizon G, 1000 feet Arroyo seco Formation Horizon F, 600 feet w Horizon E, 400 feet o Q Tofeme Formation 1500 feet Horizon D, 800 feet Horizon C, 800 feet Palmito limestone 200 feet Horizon B, 500 feet Horizon A, 400 feet J2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. it appears better to still use the name first proposed by Hettner. The thickness of the series as found on the Soga- moso. the tributaries of the Rio Colorado, and southward has been given as 10,000 feet or more, though it is not known that this estimate does not include beds later in age than the Guaduas. In this district the series for the most part is sandy, becoming more shaley near the bottom. The coal veins and carbonaceous beds are entirely within the shale group which constitutes perhaps a third of the series. The coal veins are overlaid by dark clay shales several hundred feet in thickness, in which are found molluscan species of brackish water character, including Melania, Ampullaria, Corbula, Cyrena, etc. As yet no description of this fauna has appeared, though large collections have been made at various places. Another feature of this series that may have some correlative value is the occurrence in it of petroliferous strata, which are believed by the writer to be indigenous, and to furnish all the produc- tion of oil obtained in this district. The Guaduas series rises on the Cerro de La Paz to an alti- tude of 2,500 feet or more, carrying the coal veins which have been mined here in a small way. The series rests uncon- formably upon Guadalupe and older Cretaceous strata as has been proved in other districts. Upper valley. In the upper valley of the Magdalena the Guaduas series has a great development along the west foot of the east cordillera, where it has suffered much folding and faulting; this has exposed here also the coal veins and car- bonaceous beds near its base. The beds are similar in all es- sentials to those of the Rio Colorado and the lower Sogamoso. Not far above the coal veins near San Juan de Rio Seco Messrs. Downs McCloskey and Thomas Wark found a hori- zon of brackish water Mollusca which contained among others the following species : Melanella karsteni, n. sp. Corbula cebada, n. sp. Ampullaria guaduasensis, n. sp. Corbula scheibei, n. sp. Corbula hettneri, n. sp. Carbonized wood, etc. Other forms, not identifiable, were also found. The ma- terial was a dusky gray shale, somewhat fractured and stained Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSCAN AND FORAM1NIFERAL FAUNA 13 in the joints with iron oxide, though not containing much iron elsewhere. In this district also the Guaduas beds rest upon Guadalupe unconformably, as has been shown by Dr. Robert Scheibe10 for the district of Tocaima a little to the south. In both the central and upper valleys of the Magdalena the Guaduas beds are overlaid by thick aggregates of strata pre- sumably of Miocene age. In the central valley this series is known as the "Oponcito" series, and in the upper valley the name "Barzalosa" beds has been used to designate its equiva- lent. Plant beds near Santa Ana, apparently at the base of the series, have furnished numerous species which Berry11 has re- ferred to the Miocene. This assignment seems to meet strati- graphic requirements. The relation of the Guaduas beds to the Cretaceous below, and to overlying beds which are here referred to the Miocene, both in the central and upper valleys of the Magdalena, would imply its lower Tertiary age ; but since the marine Tertiary, as shown later, contains little Oligocene, but an abundance of Eocene, it is presumable that the Guaduas represents the latter rather than the Oligocene. Lacustrine deposits. On the high plateau of the eastern cordillera. not only in the Sabana de Bogata, but in other simi- lar and somewhat connected valleys, Guaduas beds occur en- closing coal veins and carbonaceous strata though as far as known no marine or brackish water faunas. In this region they are believed to be entirely lacustrine in origin, and are not overlaid by later beds of Miocene age. If the Barzalosa series has any representation on the plateau it has not been shown. On the eastern slope of the cordillera, in the drainage area of the Orinoco, Guaduas beds have been described by Hettner,12 as at Medina and farther north, though no mention is made of any Mollusca in them. Coal-bearing beds of Eocene age are well known in the basin of Maracaibo Lake where they are petroliferous. Here, however, they are said to contain Eocene foraminifera, and "Scheibe, R., Doc. de la Com. Cient. Nac, 1922, pp. 155-177. 11 Berry, E. W., Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 35, 1924, p. 782. 12 Hettner, A., Die Kordillere von Bogata, 1892, Appendix 6-c. 14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. are therefore marine, in part at least, and may perhaps be the equivalent of the coal bearing marine Eocene series of Colombia. Oligocene Deposits In view of the fact that Oligocene rocks occur in consider- able volume in neighboring countries and on some of the islands of the West Indies, they should be expected to appear also in Colombia, at least in the marine province of the Ter- tiary. So far there has been only meagre evidence of their occurrence here.* Limestones with numerous species of foram- inifera have been found, as on the tributaries of the Rio Sinu near Tolu Viejo, at San Andres, and in the higher hills north of Arenal, Bolivar, and no doubt in other Departments. Most of the authentic determinations of these, however, have shown them to be upper Eocene. Some samples taken from San Andres have been pronounced by Vaughan to be Oligo- cene in age, but the strata in this section thus proved to belong to this period appears to be limited to a few hundred feet, perhaps including the "Bombo shales" of Elfred Beck. Thus far no other authentic report of Oligocene in this country has ap- peared, though the period seems to be well represented in the Canal Zone and in the Maracaibo basin. In the section drawn by Werenfels the Oligocene is doubtfully represented by a group of beds to which this author gives the name "Pacini shales," and to which he assigns a thickness of 3280 feet. The Tofeme group of Beck is correlated with a part of the Pacini shales. It appears to the writer, however, that the Tofeme member belongs much lower in the section and to be really Eocene. Werenfels also places the Bombo shales with the upper part of the Pacini, and immediately following the Tofeme member but it appears to be more in harmony with known facts to suppose an uplift and erosion to have intervened between the two •After the present paper had gone to press the author had opportunity to review the recent work of R. A. Liddle on the Geology of Venezuela. No complete adjust- ment can now be made of the views expressed herein to the stratigraphic column supplied by Liddle for the Maracaibo region, though this may be attempted as a background to a forthcoming paper on the Later Marine Tertiary Deposits of North Colombia. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 1 5 groups, by which much of the Eocene may have been removed from the district studied by Beck. At the west foot of the Coloso range and in the highly folded region west of the Sinu valley between known Eocene beds in the higher ranges and proved Miocene of the coastal border there is a series of somewhat indurated dark clay shales, sandstones and hard conglomerate that is believed to be in part Oligocene. The series may be known as the "Monitos shales," from the predominance in it of this lithologic type. The relation of the Oligocene to the Eocene strata in Colombia is imperfectly known, and no clear evidence regard- ing it was discovered in the Carmen section. In the Mara- caibo basin, according to Garner,13 a small angular uncon- formity exists between Eocene and Oligocene deposits. According to Liddle** a "marked structural and lithologic unconformity*' exists between the lower Oligocene, Pauji formation, and the Eocene of western Venezuela. In turn also in other places the San Luis limestone (middle Oligocene) rests directly upon Eocene deposits (p.242). In Santo Domingo the relationship is similar, and according to Cooke14 a period of diatrophism intervened between the dep- osition of Eocene and Oligocene deposits. In the section near Sincelejo, as drawn by Beck15 the Bombo shales rest immediately upon the Tofeme group of the Eocene, which latter in the Carmen section seems to represent in part horizons C and D, containing the lignitic and carbonaceous beds already mentioned. As shown by Liddle the "Third coal horizon" in western Venezuela is generally believed to belong in the lower part of the series, and is associated with limestones, as is the case in northern Colombia, (p. 181). It would appear from the view just given that the period of uplift and denudation following Eocene deposition had re- moved much of the upper Eocene from parts of the Colombian region as well as from other parts of the Caribbean borders, though perhaps not everywhere equally, before the deposition "Garner, A. H., Trans. Am. Inst. Min. and Met. Eng., Vol. 71, 1925, p. 1364. **Liddle, R. A. Geology of Venezuela and trinidad (Fort Worth), p. 241. 14 Cooke, Wythe, A Geological Reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic, (pre- pared by the U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921, p. 80). "Beck, Elfred, Econ. Geol., Vol. 16, 1921. J6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sf.r. of Oligocene. This conclusion will receive even stronger sup- port when we consider the non-marine deposits in the interior of Colombia, where Miocene deposits rest directly upon Eocene, with the entire omission of Oligocene strata, indicat- ing that in these regions the uplift which followed Eocene dep- osition was prolonged into early Miocene time, or at least until the beginning of this period. Description of Species The Tertiary faunas of the northern Andes are imperfectly known at present, since they have been but little studied, and few contributions concerning them have appeared in the litera- ture. The identification of species found in any recent collec- tion must be made very largely without the aid of others authoritatively studied, and with but little aid from the litera- ture covering the region itself. However, the geographic re- lation of the Andean region to the West Indies and to the nearer states during Tertiary times permits the faunas of these regions and their literature to be used for comparison and identification. Good collections from the Eocene of Alabama, Texas and other states have been accessible in the present study, and much reliance has been placed upon the literature of the Gulf Coast province, the relationship of which to that of western Europe is well known. Among the more recent contributions covering the Eocene of the Andean region itself, may be men- tioned the Geology and Paleontology of Northwest Peru by T. O. Bosworth, and the descriptions therein by Woods. Vaughan, Cushman and others, and a later short paper by Hanna and Israelsky.10 Besides descriptions of numerous Eocene species, the former of these contains many references to earlier publications, and the latter a check-list of Peruvian Tertiary species and citations to literature, both of which are especially helpful, and have been relied upon as being the most trustworthy and convenient keys to the Eocene species of Colombia. Several molluscan species found in the marine and estuarian provinces of the Rio Magdalena are new, and therefore in " Hanna, G. D.t and Israelsky, M. C, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 14, No. 2, 1925, pp. Z7 -72. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 17 themselves little aid in horizon determination, although their association with better known forms is at least corroborative, and will be useful in later work in this region. 1. Aturia colombiana Anderson, new species Plate 1, figure 10, text figures 2, 3 Shell of moderate size ; robust, dimensions as given in text- figure; aperture oval, wider than high, sides a little expanded below middle ; shell involute, umbilicus small, or closed ; su- tures as shown in figures, strongly reflexed above middle of coil ; surface marked by strongly recurved lines of growth. Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Figs. 2, 3. Drawings of holotype specimen of Aturia colombiana Anderson, new species. Height of figured specimen, 67 mm.; greatest width, 33 mm. This species is clearly allied to, and may be identical with, Aturia vanuxemi (Conrad) from the Eocene of South Caro- lina. The sutural features of the two species are extremely alike. The sectional drawing of Conrad's17 figure 17, shows his species to be less rounded, and more sphenoidal in section. "See Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, 1847-50, p. 129-30, pi. 14, figs. 15, 17. lg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. When compared to A. angustata Conrad, its nearest ally on the Pacific Coast, from the Miocene (Oligocene?) of Astoria, Oregon, several good examples of which are in the Academy from that vicinity, A. colombiana is seen to be larger and more robust, with sutural differences, that while evident, yet clearly show relationship. The species is less closely re- lated to any other known to the writer, being distinct from all of the California forms thus far discovered. Holotype: No. 2697, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles southwest of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colombia, horizon F, of the Carmen section of the Eocene. 2. Akera bolivarensis Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 1. 2 Form of shell oval, robust, elongated, length 31 mm., width 16.5 mm.; spire truncated, very low; whorls four, separated from the body by shallow sulcus at the top; aperture ovate, narrowing at the top; shell thin, marked only by lines of growth; outer lip thin and entirely separated from the body; surface showing no spiral lines. Holotype: No. 2687, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, horizon F of the Carmen section of the Eocene. 3. Amauropsis perovata (Conrad) Plate 1, figure 6 Ampullaria ? perovata Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1846, p. 21, pi. 1, fig. 16. — Amauropsis perovata (Conrad) Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 1, 1896, p. 49, pi. 1, fig. 4. Shell thin and polished ; whorls five or more, rounded ; spire high, sloping gracefully to apex, without deep sutures; outer lip simple, though with sharp edge; aperture ovate; surface showing only lines of growth. The shell somewhat resembles Am. suiitliiuiia Maury, from the lignitic fauna of Trinidad, and also Natica aperta Whitfield, as figured by Harris.18 "• Bull. Amcr. Paleo., Vol. 3, No. 11, p. 90, pi. 11, fig. 27. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMIN1FERAL FAUNA \g Plesiotype: No. 2691, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, hori- zon F, Carmen section of the Eocene. 4. Athleta (Volutospina) caracoli Anderson, new species Plate 1, figure 5 Shell small, elongate pyriform; spire low, with nearly even slope, interrupted only by a slightly raised collar which covers the sutures ; whorls five in type specimen ; entire body whorl covered by prominent rib-like varices, which ascend the spire; on the body whorl these are crossed by spiral threads which form there laterally elongated beads ; aperture narrow ; outer lip apparently thin, inner lip encrusted, forming a callus which covers part of the body whorl ; callus beaded on its outer part. Syntypes: No. 2689, 2690, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Colombia, horizon F, of the Carmen section of the Eocene. This shell resembles A. (Volutocorbis) scabricula (Sol.) as illustrated by Cossmann and Pissarro,19 but it is smaller and more delicate in sculpture. 5. Clavilithes cf. harrisi Woods A single imperfect specimen of this species was collected, though others were seen in the field and recognized generi- cally. The single specimen, with most of the spire missing, is about 35 mm. in length and 16 in width. Most of the shell has disappeared, but enough remains to show that the sculp- ture is simple, resembling that of the species figured by Woods under the above name. In outline also it resembles this species, though no positive identification can be made. Locality : Six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colombia, associated with many other species in horizon F, of the Car- men section. 19 Iconogr. Coq. foss. de l'Eocene, etc., Vol. 2, pi. 43, figs. 20S-1. 20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 6. Surcula (Drillia) carmenensis Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 3, 4 Shell small, turreted and fusiform; length of type 19 mm., width of body whorl 6 mm., height of spire (apex missing) 10 mm.; whorls six in number, not inflated, each rising in a slight collar on the preceding whorl; surface ornamented by spiral threads and lines, a median thread on each whorl being more prominent than the others, and nodose ; nodes elongated spirally, showing, even on the cast, spiral lines not of equal strength, the two below the median being stronger than the others ; canal long and tapering to a point, marked outwardly by spiral sculpture. Holotype: No. 2688, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colombia, horizon F, Carmen section of the Eocene. This shell resembles Pleurotoma denticulata (Edw. ) Harris,20 from Woods Bluff, Ala., but it is more slender, and the sculpture differs considerably. 7. Crassinella (Gouldia) minuta Anderson, new species Text figures 4, 5 Shell minute, almost microscopic in size, length and height about equal, 0.5 mm.; outline sub-triangular; somewhat in- flated, smooth, or showing only lines of growth; cardinal Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Figs. 4, 5. Drawings of holotype specimen of Crassinella {Gouldia) minuta Anderson, new species X 12.5. Height of figured specimen, 1.7 mm.; length, 1.8 mm.; width, 1 mm. "Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 3, No. 11, pi. 1, fig. 21, p. 12. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 21 teeth resembling those of Astarte. This shell was found in great numbers associated with Aturia colombiana and other marine Mollusca. Holotype: No. 2723 ; paratypes: Nos. 2724-2733, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles southwest of El Carmen, Depart- ment of Bolivar, Colombia, horizon F, Carmen section of the Eocene. 8. Glycymeris caracoli Anderson, new species Plate 1, figure 9 Shell of medium size, height 20 mm., length 21 mm., thickness 8 mm. ; sub-triangular, not much inflated ; beaks sub- central, or a little in advance of center ; surface ornamentation consisting of concentric ridges, or interruptions of growth crossed by radial ribs that obscure the concentric sculpture; hinge of moderate strength, containing seven to nine cardinal teeth sloping inwardly toward the beak; radial ribs about 35, becoming obsolete near the margin of the shell ; ribs rounded, slightly wider than the interspaces ; inner margin of the shell crenulated. Holotype: No. 2694; paratypes: Nos. 2695, 2696, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colom- bia, where it occurs in great numbers. This shell resembles very closely the figures of G. ignus (De Gregorio) but it is less triangular, or more rounded in out- line, with sculpture disappearing hear the lower margin of the shell. G. caracoli may also be compared with G. trigonella (Conrad), (and therefore with G. dcltoidus (De Gregorio), which Harris21 includes as a synonym), from the Claiborne of the Gulf Coast Eocene. 9. Ostrea (large species) No attempt is here made to describe this species, although its unusual size might seem to warrant doing so. Only frag- ments were found, some of which measured seven inches in length and two inches in thickness of single valves. In size and 21 Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 6, No. 31, p. 40. 2? CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. other characters they recalled the Ostrea titan of the Cali- fornia Miocene. The species may be related to Ostrea ala- bamieiisis Lea, which, according to Harris, is Ostrea contracta of Conrad ;'" this is said to attain a length of nearly two feet. 10. Venericardia alticostata Conrad Venericardia alticostata Conrad, 1833, Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. 23, p. 342. Shell of moderate size, sub-quadrate, length 33 mm., height 21 mm., thickness 20 mm.; beaks anterior, lunule small; ribs 20 in number, prominent, ornamentation not simple ; ribs slightly grooved on the summit and sides, and having a secon- dary or intermediary riblet only occasionally. This fluted character of the ribs perhaps distinguishes this form from others, though it is believed not to be specific in value. The species was found with many others some six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, in horizon F, just above the red beds of this section of the Eocene. 11. Venericardia rel. planicosta Lamarck This species was recognized in the field but not collected. The shells were fragmentary, for the most part ; some ap- peared to have been four inches in length and relatively thick, with broad smooth ribs similar to those figured by Woods23 from the "Clavilithes series" of Peru. 12. Volupia bolivarensis Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 7, 8 Shell small, outline triangular; height 10.1 mm., length 10 mm., thickness of single valve 4 mm.; lunule small; beaks closely approaching each other, depressed, curving forward : surface ornamented by a few strong concentric folds, the cen- tral one being much heavier than the others; posterior end bearing a flange-like projection descending from the shell by a deep suture, sculptured by radial and concentric lines, and -- See Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855. p. 269. 23 Geol. and Paleont. of Northwest Peru, p. 66, pi. 4, figs. 1-4, Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 23 bearing a small lateral tooth within; cardinal tooth like Phacoides. Holotype; No. 2692; paratype: No. 2693, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colombia, as- sociated with many other species in horizon F of the Carmen section. This genus has not hitherto been reported from American Eocene beds as far as known, though it has two or three repre- sentatives in western Europe. 13. Melanella karsteni Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 21, 22 Shell small, though not minute, stout, tapering; length 11.5 mm. width 5 mm.; spire elongate conical, whorls sepa- rated by distinct sutures, last whorl roundly angular; surface white or yellowish, polished, marked by faint lines of growth ; aperture ovate, posterior angle not acute, base short; outer lip rounded at juncture with the basal border. Holotype: No. 2722, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from near San Juan de Rio Seco, east border of the upper valley of the Mag- dalena River, Colombia, from the lower part of the Guaduas beds, not far from horizon of the coal veins. 14. Ampullaria guaduasensis Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 19, 20 Shell of moderate size, length 20 mm., maximum width 16 mm., spire elevated, whorls four or five, flattened above, angulated, sides slightly rounded ; surface not well known but apparently smooth ; suture not distinct ; aperture ovate, pointed behind, rounded in front; outer lip smooth and regular; um- bilicus closed by a callus; body whorl flattened above, sloping gently outward to the angulated shoulder. Holotype: No. 2721, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.; found with the preceding near San Juan de Rio Seco, on the east border of the upper valley of the Magdalena River, Colombia, in the lower part of the Guaduas beds, not far from the horizon of the coal veins. 24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Psoc. 4th S<-». 15. Corbula hettneri Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 11, 12, 13, 14, text figures 10, 11 Shell of moderate size, length 13 mm., height 15 mm., thickness 10 mm.; variably triangular in outline; beaks high, incurved, closely approaching each other; umbones angu- lated; shell usually squarely truncated behind, rounded in front; surface marked by strong lines of growth, show- Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Figs. 10, 11. Drawings of syntype specimen of Corbula hettneri Anderson, new species X 2. Height, 14.6 mm.; Length, 13.9 mm.; thickness, 10 mm. ing a few periods of pause in development; sometimes in- equivalve, the right valve being slightly larger, with more prominent beak; lunule small, ovate, or broadly lanceolate; prominent cardinal tooth on right valve, forming a sharp angle with posterior margin beneath the beak. Syntypcs: Nos. 2698, 2699; paratypes: Nos. 2700-2705, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. ; found with the preceding species near San Juan de Rio Seco, on the east border of the upper valley of the Magdalena River, Colombia, near the base of the Guaduas group of brackish water beds. 16. Corbula cebada Anderson, new species Plate 1, figure 15; text figures 6, 7 Shell small, length 7.5 mm., height 5.1 mm., thickness 3.6 mm. ; outline as shown in the figure, posterior upper mar- gin nearly straight, anterior slightly excavated, lower margin Voou XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSC AN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 25 broadly rounded; slightly inequivalve, inflation moderate; no visible lunule; surface ornamented only with concentric lines of growth ; beaks slightly in advance of the center of the shell. Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Figs. 6, 7. Drawings of holotype specimen of Corbula cebada Anderson, new species X 2. Length of figured specimen, 7.5 mm. ; width, 3.6 mm. ; height, 5.1 mm. Holotype: No. 2706; paratypes: 2707-2715, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. ; near San Juan de Rio Seco, on the east border of the upper valley of the Magdalena River, Colombia, near the base of the Guaduas group, not far from the horizon of the coal veins. This shell resembles Corbula cuneata Say from the Tertiary of Maryland. Without any more definite information as to the horizon and habitat of Say's species no positive identifica- tion can be made. 17. Corbula scheibei Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 16, 17, 18; text figures 8, 9 Shell small, sub-circular in outline, inflated; length 11 mm., height 10 mm., thickness 1 1 mm. ; beaks low, rounded, closely approaching each other; surface smooth, marked only by fine lines of growth. This species resembles somewhat Corbula galvestonensis Harris2* from the deep well drilled near Galves- ton. This Texas species seems to have come from the Neo- cene beds of that coast which were probably marine. This species is named in honor of Dr. Robert Scheibe, who was for some years, and until the time of his unfortunate death, director of the work of the Comision Cientifica "See Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 94, pL 2, figs. 4-4a. 26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IPhoc. 4th Ser. Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Figs. 8, 9. Drawings of holotype specimen of Corbula scheibei Anderson, new species X 2. Length of figured specimen, 11 mm.; height, 10 mm.; width, 10 mm. National in Colombia. He died in 1923 soon after his return from an extended excursion in the eastern cordillera made in pursuance of his duties. Syntypes: Nos. 2716, 2717 ; paraty pes: Nos. 2718, 2719, 2720, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. ; near San Juan de Rio Seco on the east border of the upper valley of the Magdalena River, Colombia, near the base of the Guaduas group, and near the horizon of the coal veins. 18. Numulites carmenensis Anderson, new species Plate 1, figures 23, 24 Test circular, lenticular in section, about four times as wide as thick; discoidal, all chambers being added to periphery; chambers a little longer in radial direction than parallel to cir- cumference; partition walls thin and at outer end turned re- tractively backward; outer walls of last volution, irrespective of age, with long wing-like projections which extend to cen- tral short axis; thus each volution completely covers all pre- ceding, the cover being composed of heavy rounded ridges be- coming progressively smaller toward the center; surface smooth and shining. Diameter of holotype 3.4 mm. ; diameter of largest one seen, 4.2 mm. ; thickness 1 mm. Holotype: No. 2509; paratypes: Nos. 2510, 2511, 2512, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar, Colombia; horizon F of the Carmen section, probably Middle Eocene. Vol. XVII] ANDERSON— MOLLUSCAN AND FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA 27 This species is very abundant in hard calcareous sandstone at several different localities. There is considerable difficulty in freeing the specimens from the matrix rock, and there is some indication that when fully mature the test does not present the radially ribbed appearance shown in the photo- graphs, but is coarsely nodose; positive assurance that this is true can not be given because the sand grains adhere te- naciously to the exterior surface. In 1924 Vaughan25 listed nine species of Niimulites which had been recorded from America, and of these he referred all to other genera except N. parvitla Cushman,26 from the Eocene of St. Bartholomew, West Indies. M American and European Tertiary larger Foraminifera. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 35, p. 787. =" Carnegie Inst. Publ. 291, 1919, p. 51, pi. 4, fig. 3. 2g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. Plate 1 Figs. 1, 2. Akera bolivarensis Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2687 (C. A. S. type coll.), from Horizon "F", six miles west of El Carmen, Bolivar. Eocene; p. 18. Figs. 3, 4. Surcula (Drillia) carmenensis Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2688 (C. A. S. type coll.), from same locality as fig. 1; p. 20. Fig. 5. Athleta (Volutospina) caracoli Anderson, new species; natural size; syntype, No. 2689 (C. A. S. type coll.), from same locality as fig. l; p. 19. Fig. 6. Amauropsis perovala (Conrad); natural size; plesiotype, No. 2691 (C. A. S. type coll.); from same locality as fig. 1; p. 18. Figs. 7, 8. Volupia bolivarensis Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2692 (C. A. S. type coll.); from same locality as fig. 1; p. 22. Fig. 9. Glycymeris caracoli Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2694 (C. A. S. type coll.); from same locality as fig. 1; p. 21. Fig. 10. Aturia colombiana Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2697 (C. A. S. type coll.), from Horizon "F," six miles southwest of El Carmen, Bolivar. Eocene; p. 17. Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14. Corbula hettneri Anderson, new species; natural size; syn- types, No. 2698 and 2699 (C. A. S. type coll.), from Guaduas beds near San Juan de Rio Seco, upper valley of the Rio Magdalena. Fig. 11, posterior view, showing truncation, and fig. 12 showing exterior view of syntype No. 2698; fig. 13, exterior view of syntype No. 2699; fig. 14 same specimen, showing hinge. Eocene; p. 24. Fig. IS. Corbula cebada Anderson, new species; X 3; holotype, No. 2706 (C. A. S. type coll.) , from same locality as fig. 11. Figure shows form and sculpture of left valve. Eocene; p. 24. Figs. 16, 17, 18. Corbula scheibei Anderson, new species; syntypes, No. 2716 and 2717 (C. A. S. type coll.), same locality as fig. 11. Fig. 16, syntype, No. 2 7 1 6, X 3 , shows hinge ; fig. 1 7 , exterior view of same specimen, X 1.5; fig. 18, syntype, No. 2717, view from above, natural size. Eocene; p. 25. Figs. 19, 20. Ampullaria guaduasensis Anderson, new species; natural size; holotype, No. 2721 (C. A. S. type coll.), same locality as fig. 11. p. 23. Figs. 21, 22. Melanella karsteni Anderson, new species; fig. 21 X 1.5; fig. 22 X 1 ; holotype No. 2722 (C. A. S. type coll.), from same locality as fig. 11. p. 23. Fig. 23. Nummulites carmenensis Anderson, new species; X 7.5; paratype, No. 2510 (C. A. S. type coll.), from same locality as fig. 1. p. 26. Fig. 24. Nummulites carmenensis Anderson, new species; X 7.5; holotype, No. 2509 (C. A. S. type coll.), from same locality as fig. 1. p. 26. PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. XVII, No. 1 ANDERSON] Plate 1 "m2j 24 II 16 14 IS € J 17 21 k 2Z 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. XVII, No. 2, pp. 31-65, 34 text figures June 22, 1928 II NEW MYCETOPHILIDiE TAKEN IN CALIFORNIA AND ALASKA BY M. C. VAN DUZEE Buffalo, N. Y. During the fore part of 1926 it was my privilege to study the fungus gnats in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences and to describe a few new forms from that ma- terial. I lodged most of February, March, April and part of May at Mill Valley, Marin County, California, and while there, took about 600 specimens of these little flies. Among these were 32 species which seem to be new ; these are de- scribed in this paper. Most of the species before known to occur in California were also found in the material studied. The drawings were made from dried specimens, therefore the hypopygial characters .are not as exact as they would be from mounted slides, but I think it will be found that in almost, if not all, cases, where drawings were made, they are accurate enough to make the species readily recognizable and the determination certain. It is with this hope that I offer this contribution to our knowledge of the Pacific Coast Mycetophilidae. June 22, 1928 32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 1. Bolitophila dubiosa Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4.5 mm. Head, including face, brown with gray pollen ; proboscis pointed at tip, nearly as long as face ; palpi and antennae brown, scape and part of first joint of flagellum of antenna yellow; antennas about as long as thorax and abdomen taken together. Thorax brown, subshining, with scutellum, edges of mesonotum and humeri yellow. Ab- domen brown with posterior margins of segments and the hypopygium darker brown. Coxae yellow with yellowish hairs and bristles ; femora yellowish brown, tibiae and tarsi brown; first joint of fore tarsi about same length as their tibiae, remaining joints of fore tarsi slightly stouter than first and, taken together, about one-third as long; halteres brown. Wings grayish with the stigma brownish; subcosta nearly straight and slightly oblique, ending in the costa just before base of radial sector; R2+3 ending in radius at point where radius turns to join the costa ; petiole of media scarcely as long as R-M crossvein ; the M-Cu crossvein at about basal third of basal cell (cell R) ; anterior branch of cubitus coalescing for a very short distance with the media ; posterior branch curving abruptly to meet wing margin about the length of base of radial sector beyond tip of first anal vein. Female: Antennae a little more than half length of abdomen; pleurae yellow ; abdomen paler brown than in male ; fore tibiae and basitarsi of nearly equal length, shorter than in male; last four joints of fore tarsi compressed, widened in middle, so as to be evenly rounded below from base to tip of each joint ; venation as in the male except that the petiole of the media is as long as the R-M crossvein, and the posterior branch of the cubitus ends closer to end of first anal vein, being about length of the R-M crossvein beyond anal vein. Type: Male, No. 2476, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Allotype, female, in the author's collection, taken at same time and place as type. Bolitophila dubiosa is something like patulosa Garrett, but differs in having the vein R2+3 straight, not curved, and, as I understand it, the hypopygial appendages differ, all the ap- pendages in this form being very short and in the type mostly concealed, the hypopygium forming a nearly round tip to the abdomen. 2. Apemon rufa Van Duzee, new species Female: Length 10 mm.; of wing 8 mm. Front, upper third of face, occiput and antennae black; first two antennal joints, and lower two- thirds of face dark reddish; palpi, thorax, abdomen, coxae, femora, tibial Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILWAZ 33 spurs and halteres yellow or reddish yellow; fore tibiae yellowish brown, middle and hind tibiae and all tarsi more brown ; a narrow line on lateral edges of mesonotum, sutures of pleurae, most of sternum, posterior face of metanotum, a dot at tip of each trochanter, and narrow hind margin of first abdominal segment, shining black; a brown spot on mesonotum. forming in one specimen three poorly defined vittae ; prothorax black with a reddish spot in front of humeri; hairs on thorax and abdomen short and yellow ; first and second abdominal segments each about twice as long as their width at apex; claws small, black, with a small basal tooth and two very minute ones in middle; fore basitarsi to their tibiae as 4 to 4.5. Wings strongly tinged with yellow ; veins black, base of all veins and whole of subcostal vein yellow; subcosta ending on the coSta at fully half length of basal section of radial sector beyond its base ; humeral crossvein, petiole of media and R2+3 of about equal length, the latter a little oblique and ending 2y2 times its length from tip of Ri; a narrow dark brown cloud covers basal two-thirds of basal section of ra- dial sector; a brown crossband from the costa, reaching tip of Rk; ex- tends back to middle of cell M1+2 but leaves base of the cell clear; a narrow cloud along basal part of M3 vein ; a lighter cloud at apex of wing extending from tip of R»+b to tip of Cui. ; Male: Length 8-11 mm. The allotype has the pleurae, including the whole of prothorax, scutellum and whole of first basal segment black; hypopygium as figured by Dr. Johannsen in Bulletin 172, 1909, figure 97 and wing as figure 88; abdomen with sides of apical segments yellow. Color of female differs somewhat, the pleurae in one female being much darker and first abdominal segment mostly black. Described from three females and three males. Type: Female, No. 2477, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, April 18, 1925, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Allotype, male, No. 2478, taken by E. C. Van Dyke June 10, 1920, at Yosemite Valley, California. Para- types, one male taken by M. C. Van Duzee, April 11, 1926, at Mill Valley, California ; one male taken by E. P. Van Duzee, April 26, 1924, at Lagunitas, Marin Co., California; two females taken by J. A. Kusche, April 30, 1910, at Sobre Vista, Sonoma Co., California, and one female taken by E. C. Van Dyke, July 10, 1920, at North Bend, King Co., Washington. This is the same as the males Dr. Johannsen had from Nevada that he thought might be the male of pectoralis Coquillett, but as we now have three females agreeing with these males in having the subcosta extending beyond the base of the radial sector and all without variation in this character, there seems to be no doubt that it is distinct. 34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se*. 3. Platyura angustata Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black, subshining; last four abdominal segments with yellow hind margins ; on third, fourth and fifth segments the yellow is wide; humeri and base of wings yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 1) black, (the drawing shows only one of the claspers, which ends in a curved, slightly flattened spur) ; coxae and femora yelJ low ; tibia brownish yellow, tarsi brown ; hairs on fore coxae black, small, those at tip not much longer ; all hair on thorax and abdomen black ; claws with a long, sharp-pointed tooth near base; fore basitarsus nearly .88 as long as their tibia, the latter being as 89; joints of fore tarsi as 78-71-47-35-20; of middle ones as 140-51-34-23-18; joints of posterior pair as 121-54-33-25-20. Wings dark gray, tinged with brown, the apex from a little beyond Ra+s brownish, more conspicuously so towards the costa; Ri+» short and a little oblique; sections of the subcosta somewhat equal; subcostal crossvein twice, and tip of subcosta once, the width of the basal cell proximad of base of radial sector; the latter reaching the costa far before apex of wing; anterior branch of media ending in apex of wing; coalesced part of media as 19, petiole of media as 26. Knob of halteres black. Female with three distinct black stripes on mesonotum and yellow lines between them; knobs of halteres black as in male, but varying to yellow- ish brown. Type: Male, No. 2479, and allotype, female, No. 2480, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, April 5 and 17, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Fourteen paratypes were also taken at same place in April, 1926. Platyura angustata is very nearly like scapularis Johannsen. Ijt varies much in amount of yellow on abdomen; coalesced part of media either a little shorter or even longer than petiole of media and the subcostal crossvein may be either a little before or distinctly beyond middle of subcosta, but differing from scapularis in having a longer and more curved spur at lip of claspers ; knob of halteres black. 4. Platyura nigribarba Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 5.2 mm.; of wing 4.7 mm. Head, antennae and hairs of head and eyes, black. Antennae distinctly flattened, intermediate joints about as long as wide. Thorax, knobs of halteres and abdomen black, the latter subshining; humeri and narrow hind margin of abdominal segments, widest on third and fourth, yellow ; hairs on mesonotum black, those on sides long and .dense, those on dorsum minute ; scutellum with about eight slender, hair-like bristles on margin; hypopygium, its appen- Vou XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHIUD2E 35 dages and their hairs, black; claspers horn-like, stout, a little bent, with a hair at their middle on concave side. Type: Male, No. 2481, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 5, 1924, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 5. Platyura equalis Van Duzee, new species Female : Length 6 mm. ; of wing 5.2 mm. Head, mouth parts, thorax, abdomen, and legs yellow, tarsi a little darker ; antennae, except basal two joints, front, except just above the antennas, and narrow subbasal cross- bands on second to sixth abdominal segments, black; abdominal cross- bands nearly interrupted on dorsum ; knobs of halteres brown ; four slen- der bristle-like hairs on margin of scutellum and several on its disk. In- termediate antennal joints slightly longer than wide; tibial spurs black; first joint of fore tarsi .7, second nearly .6 as long as their tibia; claws with a short tooth at base. Wings yellowish with a light brownish cloud at tip of radial sector; R*+» short, slightly oblique, ending in the costa; distance of its tip from Ri, coalesced part of media, petiole of media, and basal part of radial sector equal; anal vein scarcely reaching the wing margin. Type: Female, No. 2482, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, June 11, 1925, at Corvallis, Oregon. 6. Macrocera clavinervis Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 6 mm. ; of wing the same. Antennae 12 mm. long, yel- low, becoming brownish towards tip; head yellow, vertex brown; face with a few black hairs on lower edge; thorax yellow, three stripes on mesonotum, a spot on the pleurae at root of wing, lower part of pleurae, scutellum and center of metanotum, brown; abdomen yellow, more or less blackened at base, last two segments wholly black; hypopygium black, basal joint of claspers yellowish, apical joint brown with black teeth ; hairs on thorax, abdomen and hypopygium black. Coxae, femora, tibiae and halteres yellow with black hair ; tarsi brownish ; hind coxae with long black hairs on posterior surface; first joint of fore tarsi .75, second joint .50 as long as their tibia. Wings grayish; tip of subcosta not reach- ing as far as coalesced part of radial sector and media ; this coalesced portion of equal length with petiole of media; tip of Ri thickened, yel- lowish; Ra+s about half as long as the base of radial sector, its base op- posite the tip of Ri. Type: Male, No. 2483, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, July 7, 1919, at Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., California. Paratype, one male taken July 10, at same place. 36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se». 7. Macrocera hirtipennis Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 5 mm. ; of wing the same. Head brown ; face yellowish ; antennae yellow at base, becoming brown towards tip, more than 7 mm. long. Thorax reddish yellow with slight indications of three reddish stripes, its hair and bristles black; abdomen yellowish, posterior margin of segments black, one or two of apical segments almost wholly black. Gaspers brown with two black claws at tip, formed about as usual in the genus. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow ; tips of middle and hind coxae, of hind femora and of middle and hind tibiae brown; tarsi brownish; fore metatarsi .75 as long, second joint nearly .50 as long as their tibiae, the tibiae being as 102, the joints of fore tarsi as 78-48-35-21-14. Knobs of halteres brown, their petiole and base of knob whitish. Wings hairy, more so beyond tip of Ri; anterior branch of cubitus where it joins the M-Cu crossvein nearly interrupted, as is also the radial sector where it starts to coalesce with the media; subcostal vein ending before apex of coalescing of radial sector with the media; Rz+8 three-fourths as long as basal portion of radial sector including the coalesced part. A brown cloud covers petiole of media, but usually broken and faint, and a brown preapical fascia, sometimes very faint, extending across wing from R.+5. Female: Abdomen blackish with posterior margins of segments yelr! low ; occiput yellow, vertex brown ; wings with small brown clouds be- tween the radial sector and base of media; clouds over petiole of media and preapical fascia distinct, although faint. Sometimes a very faint cloud at tip of wing. Type: Male, No. 2484, and allotype, female, No. 2485, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, June 2, 1919, at Santa Cruz, California. Paratypes, seven males and females taken with the type ; one male taken by the author at Mill Valley, April 8, 1926, and a pair taken by the author at Berke- ley, California, May 16 and 20, 1915. Hirtipennis is very much like hirtus Loew, but in that species the fore tibiae are as 120 and the joints of fore tarsi as 100-55-20-14-1 1, making the basitarsus of the new form about .76 as long as their tibia, while in hirtus the basitarsus is .83 as long as their tibia. 8. Tetragoneura longicauda Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3.5 mm. Head, face and antennae brown, scape of an- tennae and palpi yellow; antennae as long as abdomen, its hair long. Thorax yellow, pleurae sometimes infuscated; mesonotum with three coalesced black stripes; scutellum reddish yellow with base black. Ab- Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILWAZ 37 dornen black, with long, scattering, yellowish hairs. Hypopygiura (fig. 2) large, yellow, the long claspers partly infuscated. Halteres, coxae and femora yellow ; coxae with yellow hair ; tibiae yellowish brown, trochanters and tarsi brown; fore tibiae as 109; joints of fore tarsi as 101-46-25-14-12; joints of hind tarsi as 84-32-21-18-10. Wings nearly hyaline; cell Ri very small, about as long as wide, placed beyond middle of wing; subcostal vein running very close to the radius and ending in it at a little more than half length of basal cell; petiole of media and R-M crossvein of nearly equal length, the former in nearly same line as R4+5; costa extend- ing beyond tip of R«+5 nearly half distance to tip of first branch of media; cubitus forking just before proximad end of R-M crossvein; anal veins distinct, quite long. Female like the male except that cell Ri is a little longer than wide, the antennae a little shorter and abdomen more brown or reddish brown ; ovipositor yellow. Type: Male, No. 2486, and allotype, female, No. 2487, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Paratypes, one pair taken with the types. This form differs from most species of the genus in having the anal veins conspicuous but not reaching the wing margin, the male forceps long and the tibiae nearly bare, the setae of posterior tibiae being very minute, but I see no reason to sepa- rate it from the genus. 9. Sciophila nitida Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 4 mm.; of wing 4.2 mm. Head, thorax, scutellum, ab- domen and hypopygium black, quite shining; hairs on front, face, thorax, abdomen, halteres, coxae and femora yellowish white, those on sides of tnesonotum, margin of scutellum, sides and apical segments of abdomen long; hairs on upper part of sides of hypopygium long and deep black; antennae black, scape yellow, intermediate joints twice as long as wide; coxae, femora, tibiae and tibial spurs yellow; tarsi yellowish at base, be- coming brown apically ; hypopygium large, its claspers small, yellowish with long black hair; inferior claspers with one long blunt bristle. Fore tibiae without setae, middle ones with two small ones on lower posterior surface and hind ones with four on upper anterior surface. Wings grayish; four times as long as the fore tibiae; anterior veins brown, pos- terior yellow ; media forking close to the crossvein ; cubitus forking as far beyond the crossvein as length of its posterior branch ; Cell R» small, square, subcostal crossvein placed near its outer end ; subcosta ending in the costa the length of the cell Ri beyond that cell; anal vein ending just beyond the fork of the cubitus. 38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se*. Type: Male, No. 2488, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by Mr. C. L. Fox, July 12, 1923, in the Giant Forest, Tulare Co., California. 10. Mycomya hirticauda Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4 mm. Head and antennae dark brown ; face, palpi, scape and first joint of flagellum yellow; basal joints of flagellum nearly twice as long as wide. Thorax wholly yellow or brownish yellow on dorsum, its hairs and bristles black, but some long hairs on sides more yellowish in certain lights. Abdomen shining black with hind margins of first five segments yellow, yellow margins of third, fourth and fifth seg- ments wide, sixth segment wholly black; hairs on dorsum of abdomen short and yellowish. Hypopygium (fig. 3) brown, its superior claspers long and black with long black hair at tip on inner surface. Coxae and femora yellow; fore coxae with quite long black hair; spur of middle coxae curved, about as long as coxa; all femora with a row of long black hairs below; tibiae brownish yellow; setae of posterior pair about as long as their diameter; tarsi brown; fore tibiae as 84; joints of fore tarsi as 73-60-42-27-18; joints of middle tarsi as 80-48-30-20-16; those of posterior pair as 85-40-24-15-13. Wings with R4+s ending in apex of wing; sub- costal vein ending in the costa opposite or beyond distal end of small cell Ri, which is a little longer than wide and faintly tinged with brown ; sub- costal crossvein entering the small cell Ri near its middle ; petiole of the media 48, Mi 75, and M2 60 fiftieths of a millimeter long; the cubitus forking distinctly before the R-M crossvein. Female colored as in male, except that sixth abdominal segment has a narrow yellowish posterior margin ; wings as in the male ; lamellae at tip of abdomen yellow. Described from two males and six females taken by the author. Type: Male, No. 2489, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken March 6, 1926, allotype, female, No. 2490, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken March 11, 1926, both at Mill Valley, Marin Co., Cali- fornia. Paratypes, one male and five females taken with the types. 11. Mycomya fulvitibia Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3.5 mm. Head and antennae brown; face, palpi, scape and first joint of flagellum yellow. Thorax wholly yellow, including the pleurae, scutellum and metanotum ; rarely with the scutellum brownish and with brownish stripes on dorsum of thorax; hairs of thorax and abdomen yellow; bristles of thorax black. First two abdominal segments yellow with a black spot on dorsum, that on first small ; remainder of abdomen black on dorsum and on venter of sixth segment; third, fourth Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHIL1D& 39 and fifth segments with wide, yellow posterior margins, sixth wholly black. Hypopygium (fig. 4) reddish; two pairs of straight median ap- pendages and pair of long, cruciate bristles are the most striking charac- ters. Coxae, femora and halteres yellow; fore coxae with quite long yel- low hair; middle coxae with a straight spur about as long as coxa; hind femora with a row of long yellow hairs below ; tibiae brownish yellow, bristles of posterior pair not as long as diameter of tibia; tarsi dark brown; length of fore tibiae as 130, joints of fore tarsi as 90-44-25-16-12; joints of posterior tarsi as 90-40 19-6-6. Wings with R«+0 ending in the apex; subcostal vein ending in the costa, its crossvein entering the small cell Rj at about its basal fourth, the small cell four times as long as wide and pointed at middle of its basal end ; petiole of media 52, Mi 79 and M2 65 fiftieths of a millimeter long; the cubitus forking opposite middle of small cell Ri. Female nearly like male in color, except that sixth segment of abdomen is narrowly yellow on apical margin ; lamellae at tip of abdomen brown ; venation of wing as in male except that the subcostal crossvein is at basal third of the small cell Ri. Type: Male, No. 2491. Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Allotype, female, No. 2492, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci... taken by author April 25, 1926, at Mill Valley. Paratypes, three speci- mens taken at same time and place as types. 12. Mycomya nigrihirta Van Duzee, new species . Male : Length 4.5 mm. Head, including the face, palpi and first four antennal joints yellow, front black in center. Thorax subshining, yellow, with three reddish brown stripes, its bristles and many of the small hairs black; hairs on abdomen yellow. Abdomen subshining yellow, first five segments with a large black spot on the dorsum, which reaches nearly their entire length, but leaves the posterior margin yellow; sixth seg- ment black with a narrow, yellow posterior margin. Hypopygium (fig. 5) yellow, black only at base above; with a pair of long yellow ap- pendages and two long straight bristles. Coxae, femora and halteres yel- low ; tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi brown ; middle coxae with a long, yel- low, slender, curved spur, which is nearly as long as the coxa ; fore coxae with long, bristly, black hairs ; posterior coxae with a brown spot on outer surface, their black bristles longer than thickness of coxa; femora with a few long black hairs below; bristles of hind tibiae about as long as diameter of tibia; length of fore tibiae as 105; joints of fore tarsi as 93-75-43-28-19; those of middle ones as 103-46-27-19-16; joints of pos* terior pair as 96-50-29-19-16. R*+s ending in apex of wing; subcostal vem ending in the costa opposite end of its crossvein, which is placed at mid' die of small cell R,, this cell being just twice as long as wide; petiole of 40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. media 53, Mi 99, Mi 72 fiftieths of a millimeter long; cubitus forking a little before the R-M crossvein. Type: Male, No. 2493, Mus. Calif. Acad, feci., taken by the author, May 23, 1915, at Berkeley, California; one female, allotype, taken at same time and place in collection of the author. / 13. Mycomya calif ornica Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 4.5 mm. Head brown; face, palpi and first joint of flagellum yellow, other joints of antennae brown, basal joints of flagellum twice as long as wide. Thorax yellow with three coalesced, dark brown stripes, which cover most of dorsum; metanotum and a large spot on lower part of pleurae brown; scutellum yellowish brown with one pair of marginal bristles ; hairs on thorax and abdomen yellow, bristles black. Abdomen dark brown with hind margin of third to sixth segments nar- rowly yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 6) largely yellow (the drawing is partly a side view, the lower projection is yellow with three short hairs at tip, but the position in the figure does not show the character very well). Coxae yellow, middle and hind pairs with a brown patch on outer sur- face, their hairs mostly black; spurs of middle coxae as long as the coxa, slender, curved, pale yellow ; femora yellow, middle pair with long hairs below ; tibiae and tarsi brown ; posterior tibiae with very short setae ; fore tibiae 97, joints of fore tarsi as 109-71-45-24-13; those of middle ones as 104.44-26-14-10; joints of posterior pair as 105-50-26-15-12. Halteres yellow. Wings with R»+s ending in the apex ; the subcostal vein ending free, its crossvein near end and placed near middle of small cell Ri which is three times as long as wide; petiole of media 56, first branch of media 94, second branch 65 fiftieths of a millimeter long; cubitus fork- ing slightly before the R-M crossvein. Female: One female, probably belonging with this male, agrees with it in wing characters and in having the fore basitarsus a little longer than their tibia. Type: Male, and allotype, female, in the author's collection, taken by him, February 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 14. Mycomya fuscipalpis Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4.2 mm. Head, including face and palpi, blackish brown; antennas blackish, first joint of scape brownish yellow, second joint and base of flagellum yellow. Thorax blackish brown with brown pollen between the three shining vittae, the posterior end of these vittae and the corners of the scutellum whitish ; scutellum with one pair of Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILID31 41 long marginal bristles ; hairs of thorax black, those of abdomen more yellowish. Abdomen blackish, shining, hind margins of segments nar- rowly dark yellow, yellow margins on second and third segments wider than on others. Hypopygium (fig. 7) with a row of blunt spines between lateral flaps or claspers. Halteres yellow. Coxae brownish yellow with black hair, spurs of middle pair about one-fourth as long as the coxa, hook-like, black at base, apical half yellow; femora yellow; black hairs on lower anterior edge of middle femora about as long as width of femora ; fore tibiae yellow, middle and hind pairs more brown ; setae on posterior tibiae not as long as their diameter; tarsi dark brown; fore tibiae as 100; joints of fore tarsi as 81-51-35-23-19 ; those of middle ones as 84-45-28-19-16; joints of posterior pair as 93-42-27-18-16. R4+5 ending in apex of wing; subcostal vein ending in costa beyond middle of small cell Ri, its crossvein being placed at middle of that cell, which is 1.8 times as long as wide; petiole of media five times as long as the R-M crossvein, it being 55, first branch of media 95 and second branch 80 fiftieths of a millimeter long; the cubitus forking a little before the R-M crossvein. Type: Male, in the author's collection, taken by him March 6, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 15. Mycomya longispina Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4-4.5 mm. Head brown ; face, palpi, first three antennal joints, halteres, coxae and femora yellow; basal joints of antennal flagel- lum about twice as long as wide. Thorax yellow or reddish yellow sub- shining with more or less distinct reddish brown or brown vittae; scutel- lum, metanotum and pleurae reddish yellow ; abdomen shining, blackish brown ; first five segments with yellow posterior margins ; sixth segment wholly black ; hairs of thorax and abdomen pale ; bristles of thorax black, the four marginal bristles on scutellum yellowish brown. Hypopygium (fig. 8) dark reddish yellow, its most conspicuous character being the long black bristle arising from the terminal tubercle on the claspers and a sharply bent one near the base. Fore coxae with minute yellow hair, posterior pair a little brown on outer surface and with a few long black bristles ; middle coxae with a slender spur, which is nearly straight, except at tip and as long as the coxa; anterior femora nearly bare below, middle and hind ones with long black hairs below; tibiae and tarsi brown; setae of posterior tibiae very minute ; fore tibiae as 103 ; joints of fore tarsi as 95-50-31-19-12; those of middle ones as 92-39-23-1442; joints of pos- terior pair as 86-3-4-20-12-10. Wings; R4+s ending in apex of wing; the subcosta ending in the costa opposite end of its crossvein, which is placed before basal third of small cell Ri, and is three times as long as wide; petiole of media 55, first branch of media 81 and second 63 fiftieths of a millimeter long ; the cubitus forking beyond the R-M crossvein. 42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. Female almost like male, except that the subcostal vein reaches the costa beyond the tip of its crossvein, which is sometimes placed nearer middle of small cell, and the petiole of the media is a little shorter. Type: Male, No. 2494, and allotype, female, No. 2495, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Eleven paratypes also were taken by the author at same place between February 27 and March 21. 16. Mycomya abbreviata Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4-4.5 mm. Head brown ; face brown above, its lower three-fourths more or less yellow ; palpi, scape of antennae and basal joint of flagellum pale yellow, remaining joints of flagellum brown, its basal joints about twice as long as wide. Thorax brown with gray pol- len, omitting a more shining median vitta, which runs to a point posteriorly; scutellum yellowish brown; metanotum and lower half of pleurae brown, upper half of pleurae and large spots on the humeri yel- low; hairs and bristles of thorax and abdomen black; abdomen brown above, posterior margins of segments more yellowish ; venter and lower portion of sides yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 9) and its appendages mostly black, but with two yellow, projecting organs, seen on right hand of figure; coxae, femora and halteres yellow; middle and hind coxae each with a brown spot on outer surface, posterior pair with black bristles as long as their diameter ; fore coxae with small black hairs and black bristles ; middle coxae with a long, slender, curved, whitish spur, which is as long as the coxa; all femora with a row of long black hairs below; setae of posterior tibiae shorter than their diameter; tibiae and tarsi brown; anterior tibiae as 117; joints of fore tarsi as 138-77-48-28-19; of middle tarsi as 108-55-31-21-16; joints of posterior tarsi as 119-51-30-18-14. R*+s ending in apex of wing; subcosta ending free, its crossvein near the end and placed just before middle of the small cell Ri, which is nearly two and a half times as long as wide; petiole of media 58, anterior branch of media 105, and posterior branch 85, fiftieths of a millimeter long; the cubitus forking under the proximal end of the R-M crossvein. Female about as in male, but hairs on under side of femora shorter, except on middle ones ; the fore basitarsi appear a little longer in pro- portion to the tibiae; the thorax is often more yellow with brown vittae, and the abdominal segments have hind margins distinctly yellow. De- scribed from three males and 10 females. Type: Male, No. 2496, and allotype, female, No. 2497, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; all paratypes were taken same day and place, except one male, which was taken by the author, March 25, 1926, at San Francisco, California. Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDAl 43 17. Trichonta fusciventris Van Duzee, new species Length 3 mm. Brownish black ; humeri a little yellow ; face, palpi, scape of antennae, fore coxae and femora, except the extreme tips, yellow; middle and hind coxae and tibiae yellowish brown. Hypopygium (fig. 10) large, its claspers with a long bristle at tip, inner surface of outer lobes with a few stout, short, bristles inserted on little conical tubercles ; hind coxae without a basal seta ; hind tibiae without bristles ; anterior femora as 22; their tibiae as 26; joints of anterior tarsi as 21-11-8-5-5. Wings grayish, slightly tinged with brown on apical third ; subcostal vein long, running close to Rt and nearly if not quite uniting with it at tip beyond middle of basal cell; cubitus forking about opposite middle of petiole of media; anal vein ending a little before fork of cubitus; costa ending at or a very little beyond tip of radial sector ; setulae of wings not arranged in distinct rows. Lateral ocelli close to eye margin, middle one minute, placed in a groove near antennae. Type: A unique male, in the author's collection, taken by him, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 18. Polylepta modesta Van Duzee, new species Female: Length 4 mm.; of wing 4.2 mm. Head and face black; palpi brown; antennae yellowish brown, yellow at base; second joint of scape with a long bristle, intermediate joints three to four times as long as wide; ocelli forming a rather high triangle. Dorsum of thorax yellow with three broad brown stripes ; scutellum brown, pleurae more blackish ; abdomen black with rather wide yellowish hind margins to the segments ; hairs and bristles of thorax and abdomen black; halteres, fore coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, middle and hind coxae darker; tarsi dark yel- lowish ; fore coxae with long, black, bristle-like hairs, posterior ones with three black, rather long hairs on apical half of outer surface; trochanters yellow with a black spot below, anterior ones with a black bristle ; tibial spurs black, small ; fore tibiae without setae, those of middle and hind tibiae very small. Wings grayish ; Ri+5 gently bent back at tip, ending in the apex of wing, the costa not prolonged beyond its tip ; small cell R about V/z times as long as wide, wider in front than posteriorly, both short veins being a little oblique ; subcostal crossvein placed at basal third of small cell, the subcosta ending abruptly at crossvein ; petiole of media fully as long as its anterior branch ; the cubitus forking under base of radial sector, its petiole about equal in length to its anterior branch; anal vein weak, ending nearly under the fork of the cubitus. Type: Female, No. 2498, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, March 24, 1919, at Carmel, California. 44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 19. Neuratelia flexa Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 5 mm. Head dull black; scape of antennae, lower edge of face and palpi yellow, remainder of antennae blackish. Thorax and abdomen subshining, black; pleural suture very narrowly yellow, root of wing yellowish; all hairs and bristles of thorax, abdomen and coxae yel- low ; hind coxae with one long and a very short basal seta. Hypopygium black (fig. 11), small, with short claspers. Coxae and femora yellow, tibiae darker yellow, tarsi brown; tips of posterior femora above and narrow tips of their tibiae brownish; fore basitarsus 1.19 times as long as their tibia, the tibiae being as 95; joints of fore tarsi as 113-64-44-24-15; those of posterior tarsi as 77-54-32-17-10. Halteres yellow with a black- ish brown knob. Wings dark grayish ; subcostal vein extending about one-third its length beyond the base of radial sector and slightly further than fork of cubitus; base of radial sector and the R-M crossvein of nearly equal length ; radial sector much bent, the costa not or scarcely extending beyond its tip; apex of the wing half-way between tip of radial sector and tip of anterior branch of media (about as Dr. Johannsen figures the wing of silvatica Johannsen) ; first anal vein end- ing quite abruptly, nearly opposite basal third of posterior branch of the cubitus ; subcostal crossvein indistinct. Type: Male, taken by the author, April 21, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California, in author's collection. This would run to silvatica in Dr. Johannsen's table of species (Fungus Flies of North America, Part iii, p. 262) but differs from that species in the shorter claspers, black knob of the halteres and in having- the basi-tarsi less than one-fifth longer than the tibiae, not one-fourth longer as in silvatica; the bend in the radial sector is also slightly less than in that species. 20. Boletina crassicauda Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 5-6 mm.; of wing 5-5.5 mm. Head black; palpi yellow; antennae black, basal two joints yellow, intermediate joints four times as long as wide. Thorax and abdomen dull black with all hair and bristles yellow and rather long; humeri and halteres yellow, sometimes the posterior edge of several segments of abdomen very narrowly whitish. Hypopygium large, black ; claspers long, flattened on basal two-thirds, with many black hairs on edge and pale hairs on outer surface, with a rather sharp bend near tip, on and beyond which there are no hairs. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; tarsi infuscated ; trochanters black; tibial spurs yellow ; fore tarsi fully twice as long as their tibiae, posterior ones a little longer than their tibiae ; claws with a tooth at base. Wings gray- ish ; costa slightly extending beyond tip of Ri+5 ; cubitus forking opposite Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDAZ 45 end of the R-M crossvein; subcostal vein ending in the costa opposite base of radial sector; petiole of media and R-M crossvein of equal length. Female like male in color and wing characters. Ovipositor yellowish. Type: Male, No. 2499, and allotype, female, No. 2500, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Septem- ber 10, 1920, at Unalaska, Alaska. Paratypes, seven males, same data. Runs to Boletina nacta Johnn. in his table of species but dif- fers in form of claspers, and in having the palpi, humeri, and two basal joints of antennae yellow. 21. Boletina atra Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3.5-4.5 mm. ; of wing 3.5-4 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen and antennas wholly black and rather dull; hind coxae, more or less of middle pair, and all trochanters blackish ; tarsi and knees brown, the first tarsal joints more yellowish; palpi, a very small spot back of humeri, halteres, fore coxae, all femora, tibiae and tibial spurs, yellow ; all hairs and bristles, except those on tibiae and tarsi white or pale yellow. Me- sonotum with a little gray pollen, which leaves three broad black stripes, the middle one divided by a gray line; intermediate antennal joints Al/> times as long as wide. Hypopygium large, oval ; forceps rather short, rounded in general outline, but divided on inner side into two nearly equal parts, with long hair on outer surface, which is bent so as to fol- low its curve. Last two joints of posterior tarsi slightly widened; an- terior basitarsi eight-elevenths as long as their tibia. Wings nearly hyaline ; veins brown ; subcostal vein yellow, ending op- posite base of radial sector, its crossvein just before its middle; petiole of media and R-M crossvein of about equal length ; cubitus forking op- posite proximal end of R-M crossvein ; costa extending more than a third of distance from tip of radial sector to anterior branch of media ; anal vein reaching as far beyond fork of cubitus as length of R-M cross- vein. Female : Like the male, except that the abdominal segments have narrow yellowish hind margins and the thorax and abdomen are more shining. Type: Male, No. 2501, and allotype, No. 2502, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by J. August Kusche, May 15 and 12 respectively, at Skagway, Alaska. Paratypes, 10 specimens taken by Mr. Kusche at same place from May 6 to 18, 1923, and one taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke at Unalaska, July 4, 1907. 46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 22. Leia nigricornis Van Duzee, new species Female : Length 4 mm. ; of wing the same. Head and antennae black, the antennal scape sometimes yellowish ; palpi yellow. Thorax and scutel- lum shining black; abdomen black, subshining; all hairs and bristles of thorax, abdomen and fore coxae yellow, bristles on posterior edge of mesonotum and scutellum long. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; tips of posterior coxa? and femora and a line on lower edge of the femora at base black; tarsi brown; fore coxae with long yellow hair; tibial spurs yellow; first four joints of fore tarsi as 51-28-22-9; joints of middle tarsi as 63-33-29-14-13; halteres yellow. Wings grayish; cubitus forking proximad of basal end of R-M crossvein ; petiole of media as 35, R-M crossvein as 52; subcostal vein ending in the costa at middle of basal cell (cell R), its crossvein a little before its tip; base of radial sector short, crossvein-like, placed at right angles to radial sector and half length of R-M crossvein from tip of Ri ; a preapical crossband at middle of radial sector, about half as wide at costa as length of apical part of radial sector, narrowing posteriorly and ending at tip of anterior branch of cubitus ; with a slight cloud back of posterior branch of cubitus and sometimes one at fork of media. Type: Female, No. 2503, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by G. Dallas Hanna, September 10, 1920, at Unalaska, Alaska. One paratype was taken at the same time and place. 23. Docosia defecta Van Duzee, new species Female : Length 2.5 mm. Thorax, head and abdomen dark brown ; first two joints of antennas, palpi, halteres, coxae, femora and tibiae dusky yellow ; tips of femora and tibiae, tibial spurs and tarsi brown ; bristles of thorax small, black; minute hairs on thorax and abdomen pale. Joints of fore tarsi as 42-30-21-15-10; of middle ones as 45-26-17-10-8; those of posterior pair as 50-21-14-10-8. Wings grayish ; costa extending fully half the distance from R4+o to Mi+2; base of radial sector and petiole of media of equal length; R-M crossvein and forks of media and cubitus about equally distant from root of wing; subcostal vein wholly wanting. Type: Female, in the author's collection, taken by him February 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 24. Docosia dialata Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3 mm.; of wing 4 mm. Black; palpi and halteres yel- low ; fore coxae, femora, tibiae and their spurs yellowish with more or less infuscation, sometimes posterior legs wholly black; hair of antennae, thorax, abdomen, legs, and hypopygium white, short and sparse on dor- sum of abdomen, but longer on last segment ; hypopygium, fore coxae and Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDJE 47 venter of fourth segment with long erect, whitish hairs ; bristles on sides of mesonotum and margin of scutellum black; hypopygial claspers yel- lowish; intermediate antennal joints longer than wide. Fore tibise as 36, their tarsal joints as 22-9-6-5-8, the joints beginning with second gradu- ally widened, the fifth being 8 long to 6 wide, the last three joints short, petiolate. Wings grayish ; posterior veins thin ; subcostal vein ending in Ri, a little beyond middle of small cell R; R-M crossvein half as long as distance from base of radial sector to tip of Ri; petiole of media shorter than the R-M crossvein ; cubitus forking under fork of media ; anal vein represented by a slight fold in wing. Female wholly black except petiole of halteres; sometimes the palpi and knobs of halteres a little brownish yellow ; hairs on abdomen all short and quite abundant; posterior wing veins stronger; fore tarsi plain; fore tibiae as 49, their tarsal joints as 36-17-15-9-9; otherwise as in the male. Type: Male, No. 2504, and allotype, female, No. 2505, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 4, 1920, in Moraga Valley, Contra Costa County, California. Para- types, one pair taken with the types and two females taken by the author at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California, March 13, 1926. 25. Brachypeza brevitibia Van Duzee, new species Dark yellowish with three indistinct brown stripes on the mesonotum and more or less distinct saddles on the abdominal segments, apical seg- ments mostly black ; head and face black ; antennae wholly yellow, short, stout; basal two joints with black bristles, hairs on remainder white ; scutellum black; hairs on the dorsum of thorax small, white, those on the sides and bristles of scutellum black; halteres yellow. Coxae and femora yellow with minute pale hairs ; tibise more brownish yellow ; tarsi brown ; fore femora one-fourth as wide as long ; hind femora five times as long as wide; fore basitarsi 1.6, fore tibiae 1.3 times as long as spur of fore tibia; posterior basitarsi 1.5 times as long as spur of their tibia. Wings grayish, unspotted ; cubitus forking a little before the fork of the media; petiole of media half as long as its posterior branch, which does not reach the wing margin. Type: Female, No. 2506, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, June 15, 1924, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 26. Rhymosia spinicauda Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4 mm. Head and thorax black, but thickly covered with whitish pollen so as to conceal the ground color when viewed ob- liquely, this pollen coarse and its scales large ; face, palpi, scape of an- 48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. ter.nae, pleurae and humeri yellow; lower edge of pleurae, scutellum and metanotum blackish. Abdomen black; sides of segments with large yel- low triangles posteriorly, which meet on the dorsum and form a narrow hind margin on upper surface of the segments ; minute hairs on abdomen pale. Hypopygium (fig. 12) large, yellow, with a pair of rounded black appendages, which are covered with bristles. Coxae and femora yellow, tibiae brownish yellow, tarsi brownish black; setae of posterior tibiae about as long as diameter of tibia; basal seta of hind coxae conspicuous; fore tibiae as 63; joints of fore tarsi as 75-51-40-27-19; joints of middle ones as 82-45-33-21-17; those on posterior pair as 88-35-25-18-14; halteres pale yellow. Wings tinged with yellowish brown ; cubitus forking at proximal end of R-M crossvein ; subcosta short, ending free ; petiole of media as 11, R-M crossvein as 15; first anal vein ending nearly opposite the fork of the cubitus, second anal vein of about same length and nearly parallel with wing margin ; radial sector nearly straight, ending in tip of costa before apex of wing. Type: Male, in the author's collection, taken by him, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. This species can be recognized by its black thorax covered with coarse white pollen, and the black spiny claspers. 27. Rhymosia parvicauda Van Duzee, new species Head, including face, yellowish brown; palpi and scape of antennae yellow, remainder of antennae mostly brown; antennae iy2 times as long as thorax and head together ; thorax including most of the pleurae, scutellum and metanotum brown ; the small hairs on thorax, abdomen and fore coxae black, but those on abdomen appear more yellowish in certain lights. Abdomen black, second to fifth segments with a broad yellow band at base, which is of nearly equal width on both sides and dorsum of abdomen. Hypopygium (fig. 13) small, yellow; claspers small, black, furcate, there is also a pair of curved, spur-like appendages below ; halteres, coxae and femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi brown ; setae of pos- terior tibiae and basal seta of hind coxae scarcely as long as diameter of tibia; fore tibiae as 64; joints of fore tarsi as 67-47-39-28-20, of middle tarsi as 79-44-34-25-17, those of posterior pair as 85-36-24-17-11. Wings dark gray ; fork of cubitus a little before the basal end of R-M cross- vein ; subcostal vein short, ending free; radial sector gently bent back- ward at tip, ending in tip of costa before apex of wing; first anal vein ending near basal third of posterior branch of the cubitus, second anal vein of nearly equal length; R-M crossvein as 17 and petiole of media as 10. Female colored as in male and venation about same ; fore tibiae only a little shorter than the fore basitarsi. Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILWJE 49 Type: Male, No. 2507, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author March 25, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; allotype, female, in the author's collection, taken February 21, 1926, at same place. One male paratype also was taken by the author, March 1, 1926, at the same location. This form is easily separated from related species by the wide, yellow, basal bands on the abdominal segments being of equal width throughout, the furcate claspers and the wing characters. 28. Rhymosia plumosa Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Head and thorax reddish yellow, some- times almost yellow; posterior part of pleurae with long black hair; small hairs on front, thorax, and fore coxae black, those on the abdomen mostly pale; palpi yellow; first four joints of antennae yellow, remainder brown. Abdomen yellow, first five segments with a black, triangular saddle above, which extends along apical margin and reaches beyond middle of seg- ment on dorsal line; sixth segment black. Hypopygium (fig. 14) yellow with three large, yellow, thin appendages ; these usually recumbent and not conspicuous as shown in the drawing; there is also a pair of long, slender, hairy appendages above these; below them is another pair of similar appendages (fig. 15) which have a small fork or blunt tooth on the enlarged basal portion, when seen from the side they appear as in figure 16, the fork being concealed. Coxae and femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi more brown ; middle and hind coxae with more or less conspicuous brown streaks ; bristles of hind tibiae minute ; basal seta of posterior coxae conspicuous; fore tibiae as 101; joints of fore tarsi as 119-83-56- 35-21; joints of middle ones as 128-70-49-30-22; of posterior pair as 122-52-28-20-15. Knobs of halteres dark brown, petiole whitish. Wings grayish ; radial sector bent backward so as to meet tip of costa a little before apex of wing; first anal vein ending abruptly at about middle of posterior branch of cubitus ; second anal vein slender, running nearly parallel with hind margin of wing and about 54 as long as first anal vein; subcostal vein short, ending free; cubitus forking length of petiole of media before proximal end of R-M crossvein ; petiole of media as 16, K-M crossvein as 15. Female almost like the male iri color and wing characters. Type: Male, No. 2508, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 1, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; allotype, female, No. 2509, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, April 1, 1926, at the same location. Five paratypes were taken at same place, between February 20 and April 5, 1926. 50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 29. Allodia cincta Van Duzee, new species Female: Length 2 mm. Fuscus, scape of antennae, palpi, part of venter, posterior margin of abdominal segments, halteres, coxae and femora yellow ; tibiae, tibial spurs and tarsi brownish yellow. Scutellum with one pair of bristles; hind coxae with one yellowish basal seta. Fore coxae as 14, femora 15, tibiae 15 and the joints of fore tarsi as 12-8-6-4-4. Wings grayish ; cubitus forking slightly proximad of the basal end of the R-M crossvein. Type in the author's collection, taken by him, May 22, 1915, at San Francisco, California. This species would run to the unnamed species No. 11 in O. A. Johannsen's Fungus Flies of North America, part iii, p. 320 and it probably is that species, although it is much smaller than was his specimen. 30. Allodia hirticauda Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4-4.5 mm. Head black ; face yellowish ; palpi and scape of antennae yellow, first four joints beyond scape yellow below. Dorsum of thorax brown, front edge, especially at humeri yellow ; propleurae yel- low with four black bristles above each fore coxa; a yellow spot below wing; scutellum with four marginal bristles. Abdomen black, venter of first four segments, hind margins of first five segments, and most of genitalia yellow. Coxae and femora yellow, middle and hind femora with a brown spot below at base and with their tips more or less brown ; posterior coxae with a black streak at tip ; all trochanters with a black spot below ; tarsi blackened almost to their base ; fore coxae as 25, femora 30, tibiae 28 and the joints of fore tarsi as 30-23-18-13-7. Halteres yellow. Wings tinged with brown ; petiole of media slightly longer than R-M crossvein; cubitus forking just before the fork of the media; subcostal vein short, straight, ending free. Lower claspers of hypopygium (fig. 17) hairy to their tips, where the hair is longest. The female has the fore tibia as 26, joints of fore tarsi as 23-17-13-10-8; antennae wholly brown, except the scape; basal joints of the flagellum much widened. Type: Male, No. 2510, and allotype, female, No. 2511, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 6, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. The author also took one paratype at same place March 13 and one at Berkeley, Calif., May 28, 1915. This is colored like Allodia crassicornis Stannius, but dif- fers in having the lower claspers with long hair at their tips, Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDJE 5^ in crassiconiis these claspers are bare for a short distance at the tip. 31. Phronia basalis Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3 mm. Head and antennas brown, antennal scape, face and palpi yellow; third antennal joint scarcely twice as long as wide. Thorax brown, humeri and prothorax yellow. Abdomen black, basal segments largely yellow on sides ; last segment and hypopygium yel- lowish brown ; all hairs of thorax, abdomen and fore coxae yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 18) small, with small appendages; fore and middle coxae and all femora and tibiae yellow, posterior femora and tibiae con- spicuously blackened at tip ; tarsi brown ; posterior coxae largely brown, without a basal seta ; bristles of hind tibiae not as long as diameter of tibia; fore tibiae as 52; joints of fore tarsi as 49-30-18-13-9; those of middle ones as 44-21-15-11-9; first two joints of posterior tarsi as 50-17. Halteres pale yellow. Wings grayish ; costa produced but little beyond tip of radial sector ; R-M crossvein placed at an angle with radial sector ; cubitus forking a little more than half length of its posterior branch beyond fork of media; petiole of cubitus as 70, its anterior branch as 53, and posterior branch as 35 ; R-M crossvein as 10, petiole of media as 12. Female : Abdomen black with narrow yellow hind margins to the segments ; hind coxae, tips of middle coxae and tips of hind femora and tibiae more blackened than in male. Type: Male, No. 2512, and allotype, female, No. 2513, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Three paratypes, females, were taken at same time and place as type, and one pair was taken at same place on February 20, 1926. 32. Phronia flabellata Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3 mm. Head and antennae brown; scape of antennae, face and palpi yellow; third joint of antennas twice as long as wide (measured over the dense hairs). Thorax dark brown, humeri yellow. Abdomen wholly black, somewhat shining; all hairs and bristles of thorax, abdomen and fore coxae yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 19) black, somewhat globular, its claspers large, black, curved, with long black hair, which gives them a fan-like appearance, and a small protuberance on inner edge. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow ; hind coxae without a basal seta; bristles of hind tibiae very small; fore tibiae as 49; joints of fore tarsi as 52-29-21-15-10; those of middle ones as 57-26-18-13-10; joints of posterior pair as 65-22-15-12-9. Halteres pale yellow. Wings grayish; costa scarcely produced beyond tip of radial sector; R-M cross- vein placed at an angle with radial sector; hairs on radius and radial 52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. sector very small ; cubitus forking distinctly less than length of its pos- terior branch beyond fork of media; petiole of cubitus as 88, its anterior branch as 55 and its posterior branch as 37 ; petiole of media as 12, crossvein as 9. Female colored as in the male, except that the extreme tips of pos- terior femora and tibiae are brownish ; abdomen black with extreme tip yellow ; venation about as in the male. Type: Male, No. 2514, and allotype, female, No. 2515, Mus. Calif. Acad. Set., taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. Two paratypes, males, were taken at same time and place. This is very much like the western species described by Dr. Johannsen as venusta, but it differs from his figure in having the hair on the claspers much longer, nor does his figure show the projection on the side that is found in this form; the fore basitarsus in that species is also shorter than its tibia, while in this species it is longer than the tibia. P. fusciventris n. sp., described here, is also very much like these in color, having the abdomen wholly black, but that species differs very much in the form of the claspers, and has the tips of both hind femora and tibiae conspicuously black and hind coxae partly black. 33. Phronia fusciventris Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black or blackish ; antennae brown, antennal scape, face and palpi yellowish brown ; all hairs on thorax, abdomen and fore coxae yellow, humeri yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 20) black, its appendages yellowish brown, upper pair long, curved, and fringed on outer surface with long curved hairs. Coxae yellow; hind pair infuscated on the posterior disc, middle ones slightly infuscated at tip; femora and tibiae yellow; posterior femora and tibiae considerably blackened; hind coxae without a basal seta; bristles of posterior tibiae not as long as diameter of tibia; fore tibia; as 49; joints of fore tarsi as 42-22-16-10-11; those of middle ones as 43-19-15-11-8; joints of pos- terior pair as 56-17-13-9-9. Halteres pale yellow. Wings dark grayish; R-M crossvein placed at a small angle with the radial sector, not in the same line ; radius and radial sector long, haired nearly to their tips ; cubitus forking a little more than length of its posterior branch beyond fork of media; petiole of cubitus as 80, its anterior branch as 43, and its posterior branch as 28; R-M crossvein as 10, petiole of media the same; costa projecting only a little beyond tip of radial sector. Female like the male except that the petiole of the cubitus seems shorter. Abdomen wholly black, even its tip being black ; middle and Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILIDJE 53 hind coxae largely black and bristles on the scutellum black. Described from a single pair. Type: Male, and allotype, female, taken by the author, March 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California, in author's collection. This form will be readily recognized by its wholly black, somewhat shining, abdomen and the long slender curved claspers. 34. Exechia unicolor Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3.7 mm. Black with yellowish brown legs, brown tarsi and yellow halteres. Hairs on the head, eyes and thorax black, those on abdomen long and yellow. Claspers yellow, longer than hypopygial segment, with a rather long thumb-like fork near base; their hairs mostly black, but those at tip yellow ; head, thorax, and scutellum with brown pollen ; fore coxae with long black hairs on outer surface ; setae of pos- terior tibiae short, hair-like; fore tibiae as 47, tarsal joints as 45-27-26-15- 13. Wings very slightly tinged with brown, veins dark brown ; basal section of the radial sector very short, not much longer than broad ; media forking near the middle of the R-M crossvein ; petiole of cubitus about twice as long as its anterior branch. Type: Male, No. 2516, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. A. Christoferson in July, 1923, on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Paratype, one male, same data. 35. Exechia borealis Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3 mm.; of wing 2.3 mm. Head, face, scutellum, black; mesonotum and pleurae largely black; humeri, lateral edges of mesono- tum, venter of first four abdominal segments, a triangular spot on sides of second to fourth segments at posterior margin, hypopygium, halteres, first three antennal joints, palpi, coxae, femora and tibiae, yellow; tarsi yellowish brown ; antennae, except three basal joints, brown, their inter- mediate joints one-third longer than wide; fore basitarsi to tibiae as 26 to 31. Wings grayish; Media forking opposite distal third of R-M crossvein ;' cubitus forking proximad of basal end of R-M crossvein; hairs of thorax, abdomen and fore coxae white or pale yellow, those of legs black. Described from two males. Type: Male, No. 2517, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by J. A. Kusche, May 15, 1923, at Skagway, Alaska. One paratype taken at the same place and time. 54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 36. Exechia aequalis Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3 mm. Mead, face and antenna? brown, scape of an- tennae yellow; palpi yellowish brown. Thorax, pleurae and abdomen brown, a small spot at the humeri yellow ; minute hairs on thorax and abdomen yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 21) brown, appendages mostly yel- low, armed with a pair of long hairy appendages which have a smooth blunt tip, and with one or two pairs of smooth, short, curved inner appendages. Halteres, coxae and femora yellow. Tibiae more or less brown, lower surface of fore and hind pairs yellow; tarsi brown; fore coxae with very minute yellow hairs on anterior surface and black hairs on outer edge; bristles on posterior tibiae scarcely as long as diameter of tibia; fore tibia as 49; joints of fore tarsi as 50-34-24-16-10; of middle ones as 55-31-22-16-12; joints of posterior pair as 58-27-19-13-10. Wings grayish; sections of radius as 49 to 73; radial sector only a little bent back at tip; petiole of media 8, R-M crossvein 17; petiole of cubitus 75, anterior branch of cubitus 56 and posterior branch 40 fiftieths of a millimeter long; cubitus forking far beyond base of R-M crossvein. A female that seems to belong here has the palpi yellow and the petiole of the media and R-M crossvein nearly equal in length, otherwise it is about as in the male. Type: Male, and allotype, female, in the author's collection, taken by him at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; the type February 21, the allotype March 20, 1926. This is a small brown species with very long- claspers, the fore tibia and basitarsus of nearly equal length, and the cubitus forking considerably beyond the distal end of R-M crossvein. 37. Exechia noctivagus Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4 mm. Head, face and antennae brown, scape of an- tennae, and palpi yellow. Thorax, including most of pleurae, brown ; humeri yellow ; small hairs of thorax and abdomen yellow. Abdomen black with yellow triangles on sides of segments at posterior margin; those on second and third segments largest ; those on apical segments reduced to narrow line. Hypopygium (fig. 22) brownish, with two pairs of long, blunt appendages, of nearly equal size. Halteres, coxae and femora yellow, tips of middle and hind femora brownish; tibiae and tarsi brown; bristles of posterior tibiae scarcely as long as their diameter; fore tibia as 55; joints of fore tarsi as 75-43-31-22-16, of middle ones as 72-41-31-21-12, those of posterior pair as 79-34-22-16-11. Wings gray- ish, costal cell tinged with brown; sections of radius as 50 to 75; petiole of media 7, R-M crossvein 13, petiole of cubitus 65, anterior branch of cubitus 65 and posterior branch 45, fiftieths of a millimeter long; cubitus forking a little beyond distal end of R-M crossvein. Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDAZ 55 Type: Male, No. 2518, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, February 13, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., Cali- fornia. Two male paratypes also were taken at same place on April 3 and 8, 1926. 38. Exechia brevipetiolata Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3.2 mm. Head brown, face yellowish brown ; scape of antennae and palpi yellow. Thorax brown, humeri yellow, pleurae mostly yellowish; outer corners of scutellum a little yellowish. Abdomen black, base of first five segments yellow ; small hairs on abdomen pale. Hypo- pygium (fig. 23) yellow, its forked appendages blackish. Halteres, coxae and femora yellow, extreme tips of coxae and femora brownish; tibiae and tarsi brown; bristles of posterior tibiae not as long as diameter of tibia; hairs and bristles of fore coxae black; fore tibiae as 62; joints of fore tarsi as 63-45-37-27-18; of middle ones as 76-42-30-21-16; those of posterior pair as 83-32-21-15-11. Wings grayish; sections of radius as 69 to 78; radial sector considerably bent back at tip; petiole of media 8, R-M crossvein 20, petiole of cubitus 39, anterior branch of cubitus 100, and posterior branch 78, fiftieths of a millimeter long; fork of the cubi- tus opposite the proximal end of R-M crossvein. Type: A unique male, in the author's collection, taken by him February 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. The pair of forked hypopygial appendages, nearly equal fore tibia and basitarsus, and the cubitus forking nearly op- posite the R-M crossvein, distinguish this species from those related to it. 39. Exechia cincinnata Johannsen I found this species abundant at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California, from February to May, 1926. The specimens were more distinctly black and yellow than those I had taken in the east and the measurements of the tarsal joints are per- haps slightly different; still I feel no doubt of the determina- tion. The hypopygium (fig. 24) and its appendages is the same as in eastern specimens; the fore tibia of the California specimens are as 55, joints of their tarsi as 54-38-33-24-14; those of middle ones as 60-36-30-21-13, and of posterior pair as 68-29-23-16-10; petiole of cubitus as 74, its anterior branch as 67, posterior branch as 38; petiole of media as 7, R-M crossvein as 15. 55 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sfr. 40. Exechia angustata Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 5 mm. Head and face brown; palpi and first three antennal joints yellow, remaining joints of antennae brown or brownish yellow. Thorax brown or yellowish brown, pleurae more yellow ; small hairs on thorax and abdomen yellow, bristles black. Abdomen black or brown, posterior margin of first five segments yellow, the yellow widest on fourth segment. Hypopygium (fig. 25) large, yellow, its appendages mostly blackish; lower appendages slender, the tip, which is a little en- larged, with small bristles or spines on inner surface, and long hairs nearly to their tips; knobs of halteres a little brownish. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, posterior tibiae more brownish towards their tips, their setae not as long as the diameter of tibia; basal seta of hind coxae black; fore coxae with pale hair, the long bristly hairs on outer edge of apical half appear black in certain lights, but yellow when seen against a dark background; tarsi brown, slender; fore tibia as 64; joints of fore tarsi as 87-66-38-25-15; those of middle ones as 85-48-32-22-15; joints of pos- terior pair as 78-36-22-14-9; fore basitarsus nearly 1% times as long as its tibia. Wings slightly grayish, veins yellowish brown ; costal cell slightly tinged with brown; sections of radius as 61 to 86; R-M cross- vein 15, petiole of media 9, petiole of cubitus 73, posterior branch of cubitus 55, fiftieths of a millimeter long; fork of the cubitus a little beyond the proximal end of the R-M crossvein ; radial sector consider- ably bent so as to approach the anterior branch of the media at tip, being most widely separated from media at tip of the radius. Female like the male in color and wing characters ; last abdominal segment yellow, the minute lamellae at tip brown with long black hair; all segments of abdomen with yellow hind margins. Type: Male, No. 2519, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author February 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., Cali- fornia ; allotype, female, No. 2520, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken March 13, 1926, at same place. Three male paratypes also were taken by the author at the same place, February 20 and 25, and March 1, 1926. This is something like nugax Johannsen, but differs in having- the lower appendages of the hypopygium hairy and the inner appendages very much shorter ; the fore basitarsi are also longer in proportion to their tibial. 41. Exechia umbrosa Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 4 mm. Head and face brown ; palpi more yellow ; an- tenna; brown with the scape yellow. Thorax brown, humeri yellow ; pleurae more yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown, its hairs pale ; posterior margin of some or all of the segments yellow on the sides, in Vol XVII] VAN DUZEB—NEW MYCETOPHILIDAi $J the type the abdomen is almost wholly brown; hypopygium (fig. 26) brown. Halteres and coxae yellow, the latter with extreme tip brown; anterior coxae with black hair; posterior pair with a black basal seta; femora yellowish, more or less brown at base and tip; posterior tibiae yellowish, their bristles about half as long as diameter of tibia; fore and middle tibiae brown; fore basitarsus 1.34 times as long as its tibia, the fore tibiae being as 65; joints of fore tarsi as 86-53-38-25-11; joints of middle ones as 86-48-30-20-14; and of posterior ones as 99-35-23-15-11. Wings gray, costal cell tinged with brown; apical two-thirds of wing dark gray, their color beginning at fork of media and cubitus, and in- cluding a paler spot in front of basal portion of media; sections of radius as 60 to 100; petiole of media 9, R-M crossvein 15, petiole of cubitus 75, anterior branch of cubitus 77, and posterior branch 55, fiftieths of a millimeter long; cubitus forking a little beyond distal end of the R-M crossvein; the radial sector considerably bent backward at tip. Type: Male, No. 2521, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, February 7, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., Cali- fornia. One male paratype also was taken at same place, March 13, 1926. 42. Exechia unicincta Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3.4 mm. Head, face and antennae brown, first three antennal joints and palpi yellow. Thorax brown ; pleurae mostly brown ; humeri yellow. Abdomen black; a small spot in lower edge of first seg- ment, and second segment, except the hind margin and a narrow line on middle of dorsum, yellow ; small hairs on thorax and abdomen pale. Hypopygium (fig. 27) and its long rounded appendages yellow; venter of first two segments yellow. Halteres, coxae and femora pale yellow; tibiae brownish ; tarsi brown ; hairs on fore coxae small, yellow, a few on outer edge of apical half black; fore tibia as 61; joints of fore tarsi as 74-44-34-25-14; of middle ones as 76-44-27-21-15; those of posterior pair as 76-30-26-16-10; seta on hind tibiae fully as long as diameter of tibia. Wings grayish; sections of radius of equal length (72 to 72) ; petiole of media 10, R-M crossvein 18, petiole of cubitus 85, anterior branch of cubitus 50, and posterior branch 35, fiftieths of a millimeter long; fork of cubitus more than half length of its posterior branch beyond distal end of R-M crossvein; radial sector nearly straight. Type: Male, in the author's collection, taken by him, February 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. This species will be readily recognized by the narrowly broken, yellow band on second abdominal segment, the large, rounded lobes at tip of hypopygium, the equal sections of the tjg CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Skb. radius, and the cubitus forking far beyond the distal end of the R-M crossvein. 43. Mycetophila bispina Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3-3.5 mm. Head brown; face, palpi and first three joints of antennae yellow. Thorax brown ; large spots on the humeri, a minute one before the scutellum, median stripe and posterior edge of scutellum, yellow; abdomen blackish brown, somewhat shining, narrow hind margin of segments and a median line on first yellow ; hairs of thorax and abdomen yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 28) yellow; claspers each with a long and a short bent bristle on inner surface. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow ; tips of posterior femora black, sometimes those of middle ones narrowly so ; tarsi brown ; fore coxae with pale hair on an- terior surface and black hair on outer side ; hind femora with long hairs on lower anterior edge, some of which are black; middle tibiae with two long bristles below; posterior tibiae with two ranges of large bristles above; joints of fore tarsi as 40-22-18-11-11; those of posterior pair as 62-24-19-12-11. Wings grayish, more yellowish in front; central spot large, dark brown, ending in front at radius ; preapical fascia beginning on costa a little beyond tip of Ri and extending to tip of radial sector, somewhat crescent-shaped, reaching beyond posterior branch of media, but faint and often broken in cell Mtj subcostal vein ending free at one-third length of basal cell; cubitus forking opposite fork of media. Female like the male, in color and wing characters, with two long bristles on lower surface of middle tibiae. Described from twelve males and eight females. Type: Male, No. 2522, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken Febru- ary 25, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; allotype, No. 2523, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken May 5, 1926, at same place, as were the paratypes; all were taken by the author, the paratypes between March 4 and May 8, 1926. 44. Mycetophila clavata Van Duzee, new species Length 3.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen brown, the latter dark and subshining, with hind margin of segments narrowly and obscurely yellow; humeri and a narrow median line on scutellum yellow; palpi yellowish brown ; antennae wholly brown ; hairs on thorax and abdomen pale. Hypopygium (fig. 29) yellow, upper claspers tipped with a black spine, lower claspers clavate at tip. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, the latter a little darker in color ; tarsi brown ; fore coxae with black hair and bristles ; middle and hind femora a little blackened at tip ; middle tibiae with two large bristles below and a very small one nearer base; posterior tibiae with two ranges of large bristles above ; joints of fore Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE— NEW MYCETOPH1L1DAI 59 tarsi as 50-27-17-13-11, those of middle ones as 51-31-24-15-9, of pos- terior pair as 70-25-19-14-10. Wings dark grayish, the central spot large, dark brown, ending in front at the radius, but the whole costal cell tinged a little with brown; the preapical fascia beginning at the costa just beyond the tip of Ri, extending to tip of radial sector and obliquely back to middle of cell Rs, where it turns again towards apex of wing back to Mi, back of this it is very narrow and faint to M2; subcostal vein ending free about one-third length of basal cell; cubitus forking about opposite fork of media. Female like the male in color and wing characters, and in having two large and a small bristle below on middle tibiae. Type: Male, No. 2524, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 5, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; allotype, female, in the author's collection, taken by him February 7, at same place. 45. Mycetophila parvimaculata Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3 mm. Head brown, face more yellowish brown ; scape of antennae and palpi yellow. Thorax, including the pleurae, brown; prothorax, extreme edges of mesonotum, a median stripe extending from front of thorax to tip of scutellum and extreme lateral angles of scutel- lum yellow; hairs on thorax pale with many stiffer black ones among them; scutellum with two pairs of large marginal bristles. Abdomen sub- shining, black with yellow hind margins to the segments and with pale hairs. Hypopygium as in figure 30; claspers elongate. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, tips of middle and hind femora and tibiae blackish, tarsi brown; middle tibiae without bristles below ; hind tibiae with two ranges of long bristles above and a row of stout hairs on apical third of lower inner edge, which are longest near the tip; joints of fore tarsi as 44-22-16-12- 12; of middle ones as 53-30-22-15-12; those of posterior pair as 50-28- 20-15-15. Wings grayish, tinged with brown in front of radial sector; central spot large, dark brown, not extending in front of vein Ri; pre- apical fascia paler brown, extending backward from Ri but not reaching Mi; it is wholly proximad of tip of R»; there is also a faint cloud at tip of anterior branch of media ; subcostal vein ending free and a little more than one-third as long as basal cell ; cubitus forking slightly proximad of the basal end of the R-M crossvein. Type: Male, in author's collection, taken by him, March 13. 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California. 46. Mycetophila ovata Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3 mm. Head brown; face, palpi and first four joints of antennae pale yellow. Thorax brown with the humeri broadly yellow, 50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th See. scutellum with a median yellow stripe and with a yellow spot above it on posterior slope of thorax ; sometimes the brown of the thorax is more in the form of three subconfluent stripes, covering most of upper surface. Abdomen dark brown, somewhat shining; hind margins of segments scarcely, if at all, bordered with yellow. Hypopygium (fig. 31) small with small somewhat oval claspers, which have only a few hairs and no spines; hairs on thorax pale, but a few on its fore part black. Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, tarsi brown, tips of middle and hind femora narrowly black; middle tibiae with three long, nearly equal bristles below; posterior tibiae with two ranges of long bristles above; joints of fore tarsi as 23-19-16-10-9; of posterior ones as 59-23-17-12-10. Wings tinged with yellowish gray; central spot large and dark brown, but not reaching forward to Ri ; pre- apical fascia beginning on costa at one-third the distance from the tip of Ri to tip of the radial sector, extending to the tip of radial sector and backward beyond posterior branch of media, but it is much fainter beyond middle of cell Rs; subcostal vein ending free about one-third distance to base of radial sector; cubitus forking opposite fork of media. The female is about like the male in color and wing characters ; the middle tibiae also have the three large bristles below. Described from four males and seventeen females. Type: Male, No. 2525, and allotype, female, No. 2526, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, April 1 and February 25, 1926, respectively, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; paratypes were taken by the author at the same place from February 13 to May 4, 1926. 47. Mycetophila fusca Van Duzee, new species Male : Length 3 mm. Head, including mouth parts, brown ; thorax and abdomen blackish brown, subshining, with pale hairs ; scutellum lighter brown; humeri yellow. Hypopygium as in figure 32; halteres, coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; fore coxae with pale hairs on anterior surface and longer black hair on outer side; tips of middle and hind tibiae dark brown ; posterior femora with a few long hairs below near the tip, their tibiae with two ranges of large bristles on upper surface; middle tibiae without a large bristle below, but sometimes with two small bristles or stiff hairs there; tarsi brownish; joints of fore tarsi as 34- 20-14-10-8; middle tibia as 56, joints of middle tarsi as 40-22-17-13-10; hind tibiae as 73, joints of their tarsi as 56-18-14-12-9. Wings grayish with two brown spots and two spots which are more hyaline, one of these between the brown spots, the other beyond preapical spot ; central brown spot small, not extending forward beyond Ri ; preapical spot, or fascia, extending along costa from tip of Ri towards base of wing, not reaching media, forming a rounded spot, which is about as long as wide and is rather faint ; subcostal vein ending free, reaching more than one- Vol. XVII], VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILIDAZ fr\ third length of basal cell; R-M crossvein and petiole of media of equal length; cubitus forking just beyond fork of media. Female like the male in color and wing characters and in having no bristles on lower surfaces of middle tibiae, or with the two small ones. Type: Male, No. 2527, and allotype, female, No. 2528, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by the author, March 20, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; one male and seven female paratypes were taken by the author at same place, between February 28 and April 8, 1926. In the type the basal half of both branches of the media are wanting in the right wing, but the other wing is normal. 48. Mycetophila spiniger Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3.2-3.7 mm. Head brown; face and palpi yellow; scape of antennae more yellowish brown. Thorax dusky yellow with three brown vittae which are more or less confluent; scutellum with a median yellow stripe which extends onto posterior part of thorax; pleurae mostly black. Abdomen shining blackish brown, posterior margin of segments yellow, Hypopygium as in figures 33 & 34. Halteres, coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; tips of posterior femora and tibiae, the tibial spurs and all tarsi brown; middle tibiae with two bristles below; posterior with two ranges of long bristles above; fore tibiae as 52; joints of fore tarsi as 50-28-22-14-12; joints of posterior pair as 69-27-21-15-11. Hairs of fore coxae black, those of thorax and abdomen pale. Wings grayish, costal cell tinged with yellow ; a brown spot covering the crossveins ; preapical fascia reaching from costa to hind margin of wing at tip of G, on costa beginning just beyond the tip of Ri, extending to tip of radial sector, and becoming wider and fainter beyond second branch of media; cubitus forking a little beyond fork of media; subcostal vein nearly a third as long as basal cell. Female colored as in male and wings about same as described above; fore tibiae and basitarsus of about same proportion as in male; middle tibiae with two large bristles below. Type: Male, No. 2529, and allotype, female, No. 2530, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by- the author May 16, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California; 34 paratypes taken at same place in March, April and May. This is much like extenta Johannsen, which also has a spine at tip of claspers, but in that species the claspers are longer and more slender, the bristle at tip longer and the preapical fascia reaching only a little beyond M2. In this species there is sometimes a faint cloud at apex of wing. £? CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES lP*oc. 4th Ser. 49. Mycetophila pectoralis Van Duzee, new species Male and female: Length 4.2 mm.; of wing the same. Head brown; face black; palpi and antennal scape yellow, flagellum brown, its inter- mediate joints twice as long as wide; mesonotum dull brown, its sides broadly yellow ; middle third of scutellum and halteres yellow ; propleuree yellow with black setae; mesopleurae black, subshining, sternopleurse more brown ; abdomen shining black with very narrow hind margin of seg- ments yellow; small hairs on head, thorax and abdomen yellow, their setae black; head with a row of black setae just above the antennae and along the orbits. Hypopygium and claspers yellow ; claspers short, rounded posteriorly with a black, spine-like appendage on inner side ; which is straight to near its end where it is abruptly bent. Coxae wholly, femora, tibiae and base of tarsi yellow, tarsi brown at tip ; fore coxae with minute yellow hairs on anterior surface and a row of black setae at tip; hind femora narrowly black at apex, with four long black subapical hairs; hind tibiae with two rows of strong bristles; middle tibiae with three strong bristles on lower surface ; tibial spurs yel- lowish brown. Wings slightly tinged with yellow; a dark brown spot on the cross- veins reaching Rt; an indistinct shade opposite this back of the cubitus; cubitus forking just beyond fork of media, its petiole about as long as its anterior branch ; petiole of media very short, half as long as basal section of radial sector ; a preapical fascia extending from tip of Rt along costa to tip of Rs and back to Cu3 becoming faint beyond Mi. Fore basitarsus almost as long as its tibia; posterior basitarsus just equal to the remaining four joints taken together. Type: Male, No. 2531, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, June 1, 1919, at Santa Cruz, California. Paratype, one male, same data. 50. Mycetophila singularis Van Duzee, new species Male: Length 3.5 mm.; of wing 4.2 mm. Head reddish brown, face dark yellow; palpi yellow; antennae brown, scape yellow; first joint of flagellum very narrow at base, normal size at tip; joints 3-6 apparently have their ends enlarged, when viewed from above, from the side they are of equal width, the antenna being flattened, the intermediate joints longer than wide. Thorax reddish yellow with faint brownish stripes, its hairs yellow, bristles black; pleurae more brownish; scutellum yel- lowish. Abdomen subshining black, posterior margins of segments nar- rowly, and the venter, yellowish, its hairs short, yellow; hypopygium yellow, claspers oval with a curved black spine on inner side which nearly reaches their tips. Coxae, femora, and posterior tibiae yellow; fore and middle tibiae and all tarsi brownish ; tibial spurs dark brown ; tips of posterior femora black; fore tarsi slender, each joint a little nar- Vol. XVII] VAN DUZEE—NEW MYCETOPHILWAZ 53 rowed at base, second joint widest; fore tibia as 40, their tarsal joints as 30-13-12-10-8; hind femora with two or three long hairs near lower edge of apical third on anterior surface; fore coxae with pale hairs and several black setae on outer edge; posterior tibiae with two ranges of bristles. Wings slightly tinged with yellow; a large brown spot over the crossveins, sometimes reaching the costa; a preapical fascia reaching from the costa to posterior margin of wing at tip of Cut and along costa to tip of R*+», the cubitus forking distinctly beyond the fork of the media, its petiole being longer than its anterior branch; subcostal vein ending free, about one-third as long as first basal cell. Type: Male, No. 2532, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, June 1, 1919, at Santa Cruz, California. 64 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pboc. 4th Sr.b. ■ ■ Explanation Figure 1, Platyura angustata V. D. ; Fig. 2, Tetragoneura longicauda V. D. ; Fig. 3, Mycomya hirticauda V. D. ; Fig. 4, Mycomya fulvitibia V. D. ; Fig. 5, Mycomya nigrihirta V. D. ; Fig. 6, Mycomya californica V. D. ; Fig. 7, Mycomya fuscipalpis V. D. ; Fig. 8, Mycomya longispina V. D. ; Fig. 9, Mycomya abbreviata V. D. ; Fig. 10, Trichonta fusciventris V. D. ; Fig. 11, Neuratelia flexa V. D. ; Fig. 12, Rhymosia spinicauda V. D. ; Fig. 13, Rhymosia parvicauda V. D. ; Fig. 14, Rhymosia plumosa V. D. ; Fig. 15, clasper of same; Fig. 16, side view of clasper of same; Fig. 17, Allodia hirticauda V. D. ; Fig. 18, Phronia basalis V. D. ; Fig. 19, Phronia flabellata V. D. ; Fig. 20, Phronia fusciventris V. D. ; Fig. 21, Exechia xqualis V. D. ; Fig. 22, Exechia noctivagus V. D. ; Fig. 23, Exechia brevipetiolata V. D. ; Fig. 24, Exechia cincinnata Johannsen ; Fig. 25, Exechia angustata V. D. ; Fig. 26, Exechia umbrosa V. D. ; Fig. 27, Exechia unicincta V. D. ; Fig. 28, Mycetophila bispina V. D. ; Fig. 29, Mycetophila clavata V. D. ; Fig. 30, Mycetophila parvimaculata V. D.; Fig. 31, Mycetophila ovata V. D. ; Fig. 32, Mycetophila fusca V. D. ; Fig. 33, Mycetophila spiniger V. D. ; Fig. 34, another view of same. Vol. XVII] VAN DU ZEE— NEW MYCETOPHILIDAz 65 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. XVII, No. 3, pp. 67-87 June 22, 1928 III A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EUCALYPTUS GROWN IN CALIFORNIA BY ERIC WALTHER Introduction Of California's cultivated trees the most striking are easily the several species of Eucalyptus. Their towering, serried ranks dominate the landscape and lend it an unique, exotic flavor totally lacking in other parts of the United States. While about the only kind generally seen and planted today is the ubiquitous Blue Gum, Eucalyptus globulus, a great many other species were tried during the perhaps over- optimistic boom of some years ago. That not more of the latter were successful may well have been due to a choice of unsuitable species, resulting from a failure to properly ap- preciate the diversity of Australia's climate, which is by no means all dry, but in parts fairly moist, particularly in the regions producing the more important timber-eucalypts. It would seem reasonable to suppose, though, that in a genus spread throughout Australia, and now recognized to contain over 350 species, some might be found suited to almost any of the climatic, soil and moisture conditions existing in Cali- fornia. Before doing any further planting, or proceeding to the introduction of other species, it is desirable to know just June 22. 1928 ^g CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. what species are to be found here now, and what is their rela- tive status. To make this exact knowledge possible it is necessary to determine correctly the species, preferably in the field. This has been rather difficult with the available keys, which last are often unsatisfactory, either because they do not include all the forms grown here, or through not being in accord with the latest works on the genus, or through the use of obscure characters. The need of an easily workable key is what this short paper attempts to meet. In choosing characters for the primary division of the genus, obvious- ness has been considered as more important than constancy. The resulting inevitable repetition is a necessary weakness of all artificial keys and need occasion no surprise in view of the extreme variability of the genus. The species and forms treated here are those actually growing in California today, and more particularly in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, on the University Campus at Berkeley, and at the former Experiment Station at Santa Monica. Special consideration has been given the material contained in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, the University of California, and that of Prof. W. Metcalf. Some species are represented in these collections by single specimens, from a single locality, often of frag- mentary material, and since their treatment here would have complicated the key unnecessarily, without serving any use- ful purpose, the writer has used his own judgment as to whether to include them or not. The test adopted governing the inclusion of a species is, as a rule, the continued existence of at least one tree that has borne flowers and fruit. While additional species are reported, and new ones are continually being introduced, their exact identity must remain doubtful until they flower and fruit; in the meantime it is best to dis- regard them.1 In the present paper the writer has followed as closely as possible the comprehensive work, "A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus," by the late J. H. Maiden. For a list of other works consulted the appended bibliography is re- ferred to. 'See list on page 26. Vol. XVII} WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA ^9 It is too much to expect these lines to be entirely free of errors. Any criticism will be welcome, as will also any doubtful or new material. The writer will gladly determine any specimens that may be sent to him at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Material sent should consist, if possible, of buds, flowers, fruits, leaves and bark. The writer wishes to express his appreciation of the kind help given by many friends, particularly Miss Alice East- wood, without whose encouragement and help the work would scarcely have been possible. EUCALYPTUS L'Heritier ~ (Myrtacea? — Leptospermcce — Eucalyptin" wide or more 34 Vol. XVII] WALT HER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA 73 34a. Lvs. broad, occ. obcordate; buds and caps, angled, quite sessile. . . . E. platypus — b. Lvs. narrow, pointed; buds and caps, distinctly, if shortly stalked, never angled 35 35a. Peduncle often only slightly flattened; pedicels slender; caps, more or less urn-shaped; juvenile lvs. broad E. occidentalis — b. Peduncles always broad, pedicels short and stout; caps, short-cylin- dric; juvenile lvs. narrow E. eremophila 36a. (31) Caps, to }i" diam. or more; buds often correspondingly large; bark occ. persistent, often fibrous 42 — b. Caps, scarcely over x/i" diam.; bark mostly smooth and deciduous. 37 37a. Caps, cylindrical; valves protruding, with narrow, awl-shaped tips 38 — b. Caps, hemispheric or top-shaped; valves broadly triangular, fully exserted 39 38a. (37 & 91) Lvs. yellowish green; bark smooth; lid little longer than calyx; caps, usually less than J4" diam., with thick rim E. salmonophloia — b. Lvs. often glaucous; bark occ. rough; lid to twice as long as calyx or more; caps, to over 34" diam.; rim often thin3 E. oleosa 39a. (37) Lid to twice as long as calyx, or acuminate; caps. 34" diam.; rim broad and convex, bearing valves at apex 40 — b. Lid shorter, never acuminate; caps, larger; rim narrow; valves not quite at apex; bark persistent E. rudis 40a. Pedicels slender, to 3 times as long as caps, or more; lid little longer than calyx, acuminate; small tree with spreading branches. . . . E. rostrata — b. Pedicels shorter; lid 2 to 3 times as long as calyx, not acuminate; tall, erect trees 41 41a. Buds short, crowded, almost sessile; caps, less than 34" diam.; lvs. often broad, especially on seedlings and suckers E. amplifolia — b. Buds narrow, long-stalked; caps, to over 34" diam.; lvs. usually narrow, even on seedlings and suckers E. tereticornis 42a. (36) Caps, to over %" long; pedicels to over x/i" long; umbels often only 3-flowered 85 — b. Caps., or pedicels, or both, shorter; umbels always with more than 3 flowers 43 43a. Rim very prominent and convex, often as broad as the rest of calyx- tube is long; lid beaked; bark fibrous; branches often long-pen- dulous; lvs. narrow; anthers, with kidney-shaped pores E. macrorrhyncha — b. Rim narroiv or sharp; lid not beaked; lvs. often broad; bark brittle; branches at most slightly drooping; anthers open by parallel slits E. rudis 44a. (5) Caps. 3^" diam. or more; buds to \z" diam. or more 46 — b. Caps not over )4" diam.; buds scarcely over 34" diam 45 3E. longicornis and E. transcontinentalis are segregates from this species and may be dis- tinguished by their long lid, which is beaked in E. transcontinentalis, this species also having glaucous leaves and buds. 74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SC1EXCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 45a. Lid of mature buds not over half length of calyx-tube; caps, usually more or less globose or hemispheric 69 — b. Lid longer, about as long as calyx-tube; caps, usually conoid or cylindrical 83 46a. (44) Shrub, less than 10' tall; Ivs. broad, obtuse; peduncles none; fls. in sessile clusters; buds warty, not glaucous E. alpina — b. Large or small trees; Ivs. narrow, pointed; peduncles usually distinct, even if short; buds warty and glaucous, or smooth and green. . . 47 47a. Btids and caps, usually warty and glaucous; peduncles rarely over }4" long, slightly flattened or angled 48 — b. Buds and caps, neither warty nor glaucous; peduncles often longer, mostly very broad 49 48a. (47 & 55.) Our most common species; buds and caps, warty, mostly solitary, rarely in three's; caps, l^-l" diam., sharply angled; rim to over J4 " wide E. globulus A. Habit compact; branches all ascending from apex of short trunk; fls. all in three's, small var. compacta — b. Rare; buds slightly warty; caps, pitted, mostly in three's, slightly angled, % to %" diam.; rim narrower, light brown . . .E. maideni 49a. (47) Lid much broader than calyx, obtuse; umbels many-flowered; caps, longer than thick E. gomphocephala — b. Lid pointed, scarcely any wider than calyx; umbels 3-flowered; caps. often broader than long 50 50a. Peduncle over Y2" long, much flattened; caps, to 1" diam. or more E. megacarpa — b. Peduncle shorter, slightly flattened; caps, not over J^" diam E. mortoniana 51a. (2) Lvs. sessile, with base stem-clasping and cordate 52 — b. Lvs. distinctly stalked, rounded or tapering at base 56 52a. Trees; with bark of trunk persistent, fibrous 101 — b. Shrubs; or trees with deciduous bark 53 53a. Umbels many-flowered; lid less than half the length of calyx-tube, not over Y%" long E. risdoni, see No. 76 — b. Umbels usually 3-flowered, or flowers solitary; lid longer 54 54a. Lvs. with margin distinctly crenulate; caps, narrowed to rim; valves more or less sunk E. cordata — b. Lvs. not crenulate; caps, widest at apex; valves near rim 55 55a. Lvs. about as long as broad, obtuse; young shoots terete or nearly so; caps, not over 14" diam E. pulverulenta — b. Lvs. longer than broad, acute; young shoots quadrangular or even winged ; caps, over y$ " diam 48 56a. (51) Caps. }i~H' long 101 — b. Caps. %-%' long or more 57 57a. Lvs. glaucous; calyx angled, slightly 4-lobed; caps, with 4 ridges; stamens apparently in 4 groups E. tetragona — b. Lvs. brownish green; calyx, stamens and caps, otherwise E. preissiana 58a. (6) Pedicels long and slender, over }4 " long, mostly exceeding calyx 59 — b. Pedicels short, rarely exceeding calyx or capsule 63 Vol. XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA 75 59a. Caps, usually over J4 " diain 60 — b. Caps, usually less than x/i" diam 68 60a. Caps, with rim external, sharp; staminal ring not persistent; Ivs. to 12" long, bright green; bark persistent, fibrous; anthers open by parallel slits E. longifolia, see No. 85a — b. Caps, with rim terminal, narrow, not to be confused with the often persistent staminal ring; lvs. shorter, often grayish; bark deciduous or hard; anthers open by terminal pores 61 61a. Bark deciduous, leaving trunk smooth E. leucoxylon A. Stamens purplish var. erythrostema AA. Stamens whitish B. Caps, not over x/i" diam (type.) BB. Caps, to W diam var. macrocarpa — b. Bark persistent, rough 62 62a. (17 & 61) Lvs. broad, mostly less than 3 times as long as wide, glau- cous; fls. mostly in panicles; caps, longer than thick, much narrowed at mouth E. caleyi — b. Lvs. narrower, dull gray-green; fls. only rarely appearing panicled; caps, as long as thick, scarcely contracted at mouth; bark deeply furrowed, almost black E. sideroxylon A. Stamens pinkish var. rosea 63a. (58) Umbels always 3-flowered; peduncle often recurved; lid less than half length of calyx E. urnigera — b. Umbels mostly many-flowered; peduncle not recurved; lid mostly longer 64 64a. Lvs. dark green, markedly oblique at base; bark thick, fibrous; caps. usually narrowed to mouth; rim often thick; anthers kidney- shaped 80 — b. Lvs. dull-green, not oblique at base, but occasionally falcate; bark deciduous or thin; caps, not narrowed, to rim; anthers open by pores 65 65a. (17 & 64) Caps. M~M" long 66 — b. Capsules scarcely over x/i" long 67 66a. Umbels solitary; caps, to }/$ " long; lvs. and buds glaucous . E. albens — b. Umbels mostly panicled, even though lateral; caps, less than H" long; lvs. and buds not glaucous E. hemiphloia 67a. (65) Buds often short-stalked and angled; caps, more or less cylin- droid E. odorata — b. Buds mostly long-stalked, not angled; caps, hemispheric 68 68a. (59 & 67) Capsules mostly with 5-6 valves, cylindroid, slightly angled, occ. appearing panicled; lvs. rigid; branches only slightly droop- ing; inner bark white E. bosistoana — b. Caps, mostly 4-celled, hemispheric, not angled, nor panicled; lvs. short, soft; habit drooping; inner bark yellow E. melliodora 69a. (7) Fls. ahvays in three's; caps, cylindroid or urnshaped; valves sunk or even with rim; rim narrow; anthers open by parallel slits. ... 90 — b. Umbels with 5 or more fls.; caps, hemispheric or pearshaped; rim occ. thick; valves near rim; anthers kidney-shaped 70 76 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pboc. 4th Ser. 70a.4 Bark of trunk persistent, fibrous or rough 77 — b. Bark cleanly deciduous, thin, trunk smooth 71 71a. Buds wrinkled; lid depressed at apex; lvs. less than 3" long E. coccif era — b. Buds at most granular; lid not depressed at apex 72 72a. Lvs. narrow-linear, mostly less than % " wide, veins obscure E. amygdalina var. angustifolia, see No. 78b — b. Lvs. broader, to J^ " wide or more, veins usually distinct 73 73a. Lvs. not over 3" long, rigid; peduncle markedly flattened; caps. thickest below middle, abruptly narrowed to pedicel E. obtusiflora — b. Lvs. 4" long or more, leathery; peduncle scarcely flattened; caps. pear-shaped, gradually tapering into pedicel 74 74a. Lateral veins longitudinal, paralleling midrib; lvs. to over 1" wide E. coriacea — b. Lateral veins oblique, at an angle to midrib; if appearing longitudi- nal, then lvs. glaucous and scarcely over J^ " wide 75 75a. Lvs. to over 1 " wide, very oblique at base; umbels often paired in the leaf-axils; bark persists at base of trunk . .E. regnans, see No. 81b — b. Lvs. narrower, scarcely oblique at base; umbels solitary; bark quite deciduous 76 76a. Lvs. often opposite even on the flowering branches, usually glaucous, as are the buds and caps. ; rim mostly sharp E. risdoni A. Lvs. opposite, broad; small tree (type) AA. Lvs. mostly alternate and narrow; tall tree var. elata — b. Lvs. always alternate on flowering branches, scarcely glaucous; rim broad, flat, often reddish E. haemastoma A. Caps, about }4" diam., long-stalked var. micrantha AA. Caps, to x/i " diam., long or short-stalked B. Caps, sessile or nearly so var. capitata BB. Caps, long-stalked (type) 77a. (70) Lid conic, pointed 82 — b. Lid hemispheric, obtuse or obscurely pointed 78 78a. Caps, pear-shaped, distinctly longer than thick, tapering gradually into pedicel 79 — b. Caps, hemispheric, about as long as thick, tapering rather abruptly into pedicel E. amygdalina A. Bark deciduous, trunk smooth; lvs. always very narrow, x/i" wide or less var. angustifolia AA. Bark more or less persistent and fibrous; lvs. often broad B. Umbels with 20 or more small flowers; caps, less than J4" diam.; lvs. narrow; habit pendulous var. numerosa BB. Umbels with fewer, larger flowers; caps, usually l/i" diam. or more 4The relative taxonomic value of the various species here following, and especially of the numerous forms of E. amygdalina, is very uncertain. The treatment adopted here does not mean to imply any opinion in the matter, its aim being merely to separate the more marked forms as consistently as possible. Vol. XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA JJ C. Juvenile lvs. broad, glaucous, often even on old trees; buds often glaucous var. dives CC. Juvenile lvs. broad or narrow, not glaucous; buds not glaucous D. Juvenile lvs. broad, green, adult lvs. thick and shining var. nitida DD. Juvenile lvs. narrow E. Lid mucronate var. radiata EE. Lid obtuse (type) 79a. Lvs. to over 1" wide, very oblique at base and falcate; peduncle scarcely flattened; bark softly fibrous 81 — b. Lvs. less than 1 " wide, falcate but hardly oblique at base; peduncle flattened; bark hard, not fibrous E. sieberiana 80a. (64) Lid conical; caps, globose, nearly sessile, densely crowded, narrow-mouthed; lvs. narrow, scarcely oblique at base, with veins transverse 82 — b. Lid hemispheric; caps, pear-shaped, distinctly stalked, scarcely crowded, little narrowed at mouth; lvs. broad, very oblique at base, with veins longitudinal 81 81a. (75, 79, 80.) Bark persistent; umbels mostly solitary; rim thin; valves sunk; lvs. with oil-dots remote E. obliqua — b. Bark persists only rarely at base of trunk; umbels mostly paired in the leaf -axils; rim thick, not depressed; valves scarcely sunk; lvs. with many crowded oil-dots E. regnans 82a. (77, 80, 99) Lvs. peppermint-scented, with rather oblique veins, young growth smooth; bark persists only on trunk and larger branches; caps, often small, usually narrowed to the mostly narrow rim; valves included E. piperita — b. Lvs. not peppermint-scented, with veins more transverse than in last; young growth rough or hairy; bark persists even on the smaller branches; caps, to x/i" diam.; rim usually thick, flat or convex; valves near rim E. eugenioides 83a. (7, 45) Caps, relatively large, to Y%" long, their diam. as much or more 84 — b. Caps, relatively smaller and shorter 87 84a. Pedicels long and slender; caps, scarcely angled 85 — b. Pedicels short and stout; caps, slightly angled E. mortoniana 85a. (42 & 84) Lid acuminate; lvs. to 12" long or more; tall tree with fibrous bark; stamens yellowish; rim external; valves scarcely protruding E. longifolia A. Umbels with many flowers var. multiflora — b. Lid obtuse or nearly so; lvs. rarely over 3 " long; shrub or small tree . . 86 86a. Stamens reddish; buds elongated; caps, conoid, flat- topped; rim nar- row; valves scarcely protruding E. erythronema — b. Stamens not colored; buds and caps, globose or nearly so, the latter with prominent, convex rim and exserted valves . . E. drummondi 87a. (83) Bark mostly persistent 95 — b. Bark mostly deciduous 88 78 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 88a. Lvs. to over 2" wide, obtuse, long-stalked E. alba — b. Lvs. narrow, pointed 89 89a. Lvs. mostly 3" long or less; lid markedly shorter than calyx-tube; umbels always 3-flowered 90 ■ — b. Lvs. mostly 4" long or more; lid about as long as calyx-tube; umbels more often many-flowered (except in the common E. viminalis) . . 91 90a. (69 & 89) Plant scarcely glaucous; caps, often urn-shaped; valves sunk; lid less than half length of calyx-tube; pedicels to %" long; peduncles often recurved E. urnigera — b. Plant usually glaucous; caps, hemispheric; valves near rim; lid rela- tively longer; pedicels shorter E. gunni 91a. (89) Style persistent in fruit, forming awl-shaped tips to the valves .... 38 — b. Style not prominently persistent; valves without needle-like tips. ... 92 92a. Caps, obconic or top-shaped, narrower than the rim, tapering very gradually to pedicel E. ovata — b. Caps, otherwise, more or less hemispheric, abruptly tapering to pedicel 93 93a. Lvs. often glaucous, of seedlings and suckers broad; buds many in the umbels, often glaucous; caps. occ. somewhat urn-shaped; rarely cultivated E. rubida — b. Lvs. not glaucous, narrow even in the juvenile stage; umbels often 3- flowered; buds and caps, not glaucous, the latter hemispheric. . 94 94a. Rarely cultivated; umbels mostly many-flowered; lid hemispheric, obtuse; rim usually narrow; valves often only partly protruding E. maculosa — b. Commonly grown; umbels mostly 3-flowered; lid conic, short- pointed; rim mostly broad and convex; valves mostly fully ex- serted E. viminalis 95a. (87) Mature buds and caps, very small, scarcely over Y% " long; buds shining brown; bark brown, fibrous E. macarthuri — b. Buds and caps, larger, to %" long or more, usually green or glaucous 96 96a. Pedicels long and slender, even in fruit 97 — b. Pedicels none, or very short and stout, at least in fruit 99 97a. Valves widely exserted; rim broad 98 — b. Valves included; rim narrow, but staminal ring often persistent .... E. melliodora 98a. Lid shorter than calyx-tube; caps, less than }/i" diatn.; anthers kidney-shaped; rarely cultivated E. smithi — b. Lid as long or longer than calyx-tube; caps, to over %" diam.; anthers open by parallel slits; common in cultivation. .E. rudis 99a. (96) Lid narrow, accuminate; caps, globose; valves scarcely pro- truding; anthers kidney-shaped 82 — b. Lid broad, obtuse or acutish; caps, conoid, hemispheric or cylindrical; valves often exserted; anthers open by parallel slits 100 100a. Buds and caps, mostly quite sessile and often more or less glaucous 101 — b. Buds and caps, usually distinctly, even if shortly, stalked, scarcely glaucous ; bark only rarely persistent E. viminalis Vol. XVII] WALT HER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA jg 101a. (52, 56, 100) Lvs., buds and fruits usually glaucous; buds and caps, scarcely angled; peduncle not conspicuously flattened; valves often somewhat protruding; bark reddish-brown E. cinerea A. Umbels with 5 or more flowers; lvs. often opposite. var. multiflora — b. Lvs., buds and fruits grayish-green, only rarely glaucous; buds and caps, angled, strictly sessile on the much flattened peduncle; valves usually not protruding; bark grayish-brown E. elaeophora ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES IN KEY Accepted specific names in bold face type ; synonyms in italics ; author of specific or varietal name, common name, range and maximum height in California in roman type. In giving the range the following abbreviations are used: N.A., :: North Australia; N.S.W., :: New South Wales; Qu., :: Queensland; S.A., :: South Australia; Tas., :: Tas- mania; W.A., :: West Australia. Height in feet, to convert into meters, divide by three. X : : growing in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. acervula Hooker, :: E. ovata Labillardiere. alba Reinwardt, (E. platyphylla F. v. Mueller.) "Poplar Gum." Qu., Java, Timor, Papua H. 25 Xalbens Miquel, {E. hemiphloia var. albens F. v. Mueller.) "White Box." V., N. S. W., Qu H. 20 Xalpina Lindley. V H. 12 X amplifolia Naudin, (E. tereticornisvar. amplifolia ? ) "Cabbage Gum." N. S. W., Qu H. 40 amygdalina Labillardiere. X — var. angustifolia F. v. Mueller, (E. linearis Dehnhardt.) "White Gum." Tas H. 30 — var. dives F. v. Mueller, (E. dives Schauer.) "Blue Pepper- mint." V., N. S. W. — var. nitida Bentham, (E. nitida Hooker.) N. S. W., Tas. X — var. numerosa Maiden, (E. numerosa Maiden, E. andreana Naudin.) "Peppermint Gum." V., N. S. W H. 40 — var. radiata Bentham, (E. radiata Sieber.) "Peppermint." V., N. S. W. — var. regnans F. v. Mueller, :: E. regnans F. v. Mueller. andreana Naudin, :: E. amygdalina var. numerosa Maiden. angustifolia Auct., :: E. amygdalina var. angustifolia F. v. Mueller. bosistoana F. v. Mueller. "Bosisto's Box." V., N. S. W H. 25 Xbotryoides Smith. "Bastard Mahogany." V., N. S. W., Qu H. 60 cajuputea Miquel, : : E. odorata Behr & Schlechtendal. caleyi Maiden, (E. sideroxylon var. pollens Bentham.) "Broad- leaved Iron-bark." N. S. W H. 15 gO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. calophylla R. Brown. "Red Gum." W. A H. 40 — var. rosea Hort. cambagei Deane & Maiden, :: E. elaeophora F. v. Mueller Xcinerea F. v. Mueller, (E. pulverulenta F. v. Mueller, non Sims; E. pulverulenta var. lanceolata Howitt; E. stuartiana Auct. Hort. Calif.); "Blue-leaved Apple." N. S. W., Qu H. 40 X — var. multiflora Maiden, (E. pulverulenta F. v. Mueller, in part; E. stuartiana F. v. Mueller, in part). citriodora Hooker, (E. maculata var, citriodora F. v. Mueller.) "Lemon-scented Gum." Qu H. 40 cladocalyx F. v. Mueller, : : E. corynocalyx F. v. Mueller. Xcoccifera Hooker. Tas H. 25 collossea F. v. Mueller, :: E. diversicolor F. v. Mueller. conoidea Bentham, :: E. erythronema Turczaninow. Xcordata Labillardiere. Tas H. 25 Xcoriacea A. Cunningham (E. pauciflora Sieber.) "Tumble-down Gum." V., S. A., N. S. W H. 30 Xcornuta Labillardiere. "Yate." W. A H. 50 — var. lehmanni Auct. (?), :: E. lehmanni Preiss. — var. symphiocar pa Auct., :: E. lehmanni Preiss. corymbosa Smith "Bloodwood." N. S. W., Qu H. 20 Xcorynocalyx F. v. Mueller, (E. cladocalyx F. v. Mueller.) "Sugar Gum." S. A., V H. 40 crebra F. v. Mueller. "Narrow-leaved Iron-bark." N. S. W., N. A., Qu H. 50 decipiens Endlicher. "Swamp Gum." W. A H. 20 X diversicolor F. v. Mueller, (E. collossea F. v. Mueller.) "Karri." W. A H. 60 dives Schauer, : : E. amygdalina var. dives F. v. Mueller. drummondi Bentham, (E. oldfieldi var. drummondi Maiden) W. A. H.10 X elaeophora F. v. Mueller, (E. cambagei Deane & Maiden, E. gonio- calyx Auct.) "Bastard Box." S. A., V., N. S. W H. 40 eremophila Maiden, (E. occidentalis var. eremophila Diels.) "Mal- lee." W. A H. 12 Xerythronema Turczaninow. (E. conoidea Bentham.) W. A H. 15 Xeugenioides Sieber. "Stringy Bark." V., N. S. W., Qu H. 40 eximia Schauer. "Yellow Bloodwood." N. S. W H. 30 fastigiata Deane & Maiden, :: E. regnans F. v. Mueller, in part ?) Xficifolia F. v. Mueller. "Scarlet-flowering Eucalypt." W. A H. 25 fissilis F. v. Mueller, :: E. obliqua L'Hcriticr. floribunda Huegel, :: E. marginata Smith. gigantea Hooker, :: E. obliqua L'Heritier, in part only. Xglobulus Labillardiere. "Blue Gum." Tas., V., N. S. W H. 120 X — var. compacta Hort. Calif. "Compact Blue Gum." H. 60 gomphocephala A. P. DeCandolle. "Tooart." W. A H. 30 goniocalyx Hort. Calif. & Auct., :: E. elaeophora F. v. Mueller. gracilipes Naudin, : : E. leucoxylon F. v. Mueller. grandis (Hill.) Maiden, (E. saligna var. pallidivalvis Baker & Smith.) "Flooded Gum." N. S. W., Qu H. 70 Vol. XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA g} gunni Hooker. "Cider Gum." ? H. 20 gunni Hort. Calif. & Auct., :: E. ovata Labillardiere. — var. acervula Deane & Maiden, :: E. ovata Labillardiere. — var. undulata Luehm. & Auct., :: E. ovata Labillardiere, (??) haemastoma Smith "White Gum." Qu., N. S. W., Tas H. 20 X — var. capitata Maiden. X — var. micrantha Bentham, (E. micrantha DeCandolle.) N. S. W., Qu H. 20 hemiphloia F. v. Mueller. "Black Box." N. S. W., Qu H. 30 — var. albens F. v. Mueller, : : E. albens Miquel. Xlehmanni Preiss. (E. cornuta var. lehmanni Auct., E. macrocera Turczaninow, E. cornuta var. symphiocarpa Auct.) "Bushy Yate." W. A H. 20 Xleucoxylon F. v. Mueller. (E. gracilipes Naudin; E. sideroxylon F. v. Mueller, in part.) "White Gum." S. A., V., N. S. W. . . . H. 30 X — var. erythrostema F. v. Mueller. (E. leucoxylon var. pur- purea Hort.) — var. purpurea and var. rosea Hort, see preceding variety. linearis Dehnhardt, : : E. amygdalina var. angustifolia F. v. Mueller. longicornis F. v. Mueller, see E. oleosa F. v. Mueller. Xlongifolia Link & Otto. "Woolly Butt." N. S. W., V H. 50 — var. multiflora Maiden. Xmacarthuri Deane & Maiden. "Camden Woolly Butt." N. S. W. H. 40 macrocera Turczaninow, :: E. lehmanni Preiss. Xmacrorrhyncha F. v. Mueller. "Red Stringy Bark." V., S. A., N. S. W., Qu H. 30 maculata Hooker. "Spotted Gum." N. S. W., Qu H. 30 — var. citriodora F. v. Mueller, :: E. citriodora Hooker. maculosa R. T. Baker. "Spotted Gum." N. S. W., V H. maideni F. v. Mueller. "Blue Gum." V., N. S. W H. 30 marginata Smith. (E. floribunda Huegel.) "Jarrah." W. A H. 30 Xmegacarpa F. v. Mueller. W. A H. 25 Xmelliodora A. Cunningham. "Yellow Box." V., N. S. W., Qu. . . H. 30 micrantha DeCandolle, :: E. haemastoma var. micrantha Bentham. Xmortoniana A. Kinney. (E. maideni Auct., doubtful if F. v. Mueller's; E. ovata var. grandiflora Maiden, ? ) [see appendix, page 84] H. 60 montana Auct., :: E. gunni Hooker. (?) nitida Hooker, :: E. amygdalina var. nitida Bentham. numerosa Maiden, :: E. amygdalina var. numerosa Maiden. obcordata Turczaninow, :: E. platypus Hooker. Xobliqua L'Heritier, (E. fissilis F. v. Mueller, E. gigantea Hooker, in part.) "Mess-mate," "Stringy Bark." S. A., V., N. S. W., Tas H. 50 obtusiflora DeCandolle, (E. virgata var. obtusiflora Maiden.) N. S. W H. 15 Xoccidentalis Endlicher, "Flat-topped Yate." W. A H. 10 — var. eremophila Diels, :: E. eremophila Maiden. odorata Behr & Schlechtendal. "Peppermint." S. A., N. S. W., V. H. 15 g2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sei. oldfieldi var. drummondi Maiden, :: E. drummondi Bentham. oleosa F. v. Mueller. "Mallee." W. A., S. A., V., N. S. W H. 10 Xovata Labillardiere, (E. acervula Hook., E. gunni Auct.) "Swamp Gum." V., S. A., N. S. W., Tas H. 60 — var. grandiflora Hort. Calif., :: E. rr.jrtoniana A. Kinney. Xpaniculata Smith. "Iron Bark." V., N. S. W., Qu H. 40 pauciflora Sieber, :: E. coriacea A. Cunningham. pilularis Smith. "Black Butt." V., N. S. W., Qu H. piperita Smith. "Peppermint." N. S. W H. 20 platypus Hooker, (E. obcordata Turczaninow.) W. A H. Xpolyanthemos Schauer. "Red Box." S. A., V., N. S. W H. SO preissiana Schauer. W. A H. 8 Xpulverulenta Sims. (E. cinerea F. v. Mueller and Hort. Calif., in part.) "Argyle Apple." N. S. W H. 15 Xpunctata DeCandolle. "Gray Gum." N. S. W H. 60 — var. grandiflora Deane & Maiden. radiata Sieber, :: E. amygdalina var. radiata Bentham. Xregnans F. v. Mueller, {amygdalina var. regnans F. v. Mueller, E. fastigiata Deane & Maiden, in part. ? ) "Giant Gum." V., N. S. W., Tas H. 50 Xresinifera Smith. "Red Mahogany." N. S. W., Qu H. 30 risdoni Hooker. Tas H. 40 — var. elata Bentham. Xrobusta Smith. "Swamp Mahogany." N. S. W., Qu H. 40 Xrostrata Schlechtendal. "Red Gum." W. A., S. A., N. A., N. S. W., V., Qu H. 75 Xrubida Deane & Maiden, (E. gunni Auct. & Hort.) "Manna Gum." S. A., V., N. S. W., Qu., Tas H. 40 Xrudis Endlicher. "Swamp Gum." W. A H. 40 Xsaligna Smith. "Blue Gum." N. S. W., Qu H. 40 — var. pallidivalvis Baker & Smith, :: E. grandis (Hill) Maiden. salmonophloia F. v. Mueller. "Salmon-bark Gum." W. A H. 25 siderophloia Bentham. "Broad-leaved Iron-bark." N. S. W., Qu. H. Xsideroxylon A. Cunningham, (E. leucoxylon var. sideroxylon Auct.) "Red Iron-bark." V., N. S. W., Qu H. 30 — var. pallens Bentham, :: E. caleyi Maiden. — var. rosea Hort. Xsieberiana F. v. Mueller. "Mountain Ash." V., N. S. W., Tas. . . H. 20 smithi R. T. Baker, (E. viminalis var. pedicellaris F. v. Mueller.) stuartiana Auct. & Hort. Calif., :: E. cinerea F. v. Mueller. tereticornis Smith. "Forest Red Gum." V., N. S. W., Qu., Papua H. 40 tetragona F. v. Mueller. W. A H. 15 transcontimntalis Maiden; see note under E. oleosa F. v. Mueller. undulata Luehm., :: E. ovata Labillardiere ?. Xurnigera Hooker. Tas H. 30 Xviminalis Labillardiere. "White Gum." S. A., V., N. S. W., Qu. H. 70 — var. pedicellaris F. v. Mueller, :: E. smithi R. T. Baker. virgata var. oblusiflora Maiden, :: E. obtusiflora Maiden. Vol. XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA 83 Additional Species Reported as in California The following either have been reported at various times as grown in California, or seed has been offered. No opinion can be expressed as to the correctness of these names until sufficient material for their determination becomes available. abergiana acaciseformis acacioides accedens Xacmenioides Xaffinis Xalgeriensis angulosa astringens baileyana Xbaueriana bicolor X blaxlandi buprestium caesia camphora canaliculata Xcapitellata Xconsideniana corrugata cosmophylla X cruris dealbata doratoxylon drepanophylla erythrocorys Xfastigiata fcecunda forrestiana Xgigantea Xgoniocalyx guilfoylei howittiana incrassata jacksoni jugalis X kirtoniana Xlaevopinea leptophleba leptopoda le souefi longicornis macrocarpa melanophloia microcorys microtheca miniata Xmuelleriana nutans oldfieldi X patens patentinervis pellita planchoniana populifolia propinqua Xpyriformis quadrangulata Xrariflora raveretiana redunca salubris santalifolia sepulcralis Xstellulata stowardi stricklandi stricta stuartiana (true) tessellaris X tetraptera todtiana torquata trabuti transcontinentalis umbra virgata g4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Peoc. 4th Ser. APPENDIX Note on an interesting form of Eucalyptus grown in California. While preparing this key to the species of Eucalyptus cul- tivated in California, some difficulty was experienced in dif- ferentiating clearly a tree variously known as E. mortoniana, E. maideni and E. ovata var. grandiflora. This multiplicity of names seems to indicate some doubt as to its correct de- termination, and without presuming to express any definite opinion as to its ultimate systematic position, the writer con- siders it advisable to here briefly discuss and describe it. Eucalyptus sp. ( ?) Medium-sized to large tree, to 20 meters tall or more. Branches ascending and spreading, drooping at their extremi- ties; bark deciduous annually in thin strips except at base of trunk where it persists and becomes more or less thick, rough and fibrous; juvenile leaves opposite on quadrangular- or even winged stems, very shortly stalked, ovate, acute, cordate at base, green or rarely very slightly glaucous, 35-45 mm. long by 25-35 mm. broad, thinnish ; adult leaves alternate, long- stalked, lanceolate, falcate, flat, rather thick, evenly green on both sides, 10-30 cm. long by 2-3.5 cm. wide, with the lateral veins remote and spreading from the midrib at an angle of about 40-45 degrees, intramarginal vein distant from the slightly thickened edge; umbels solitary in the leaf-axils, as far as known always three-flowered ; peduncle flattened, 0.8-1 cm. long; buds shining green, smooth or nearly so; calyx-tube obconic or funnel-form, widest at juncture with lid and taper- ing gradually and uniformly to the indistinct, short and thick pedicel ; operculum often seen to be double, varying from hemispheric to conic, obtuse or more often obtusely acumi- nate; floivers 0.8-1.1 cm. diameter; stamens whitish, inflected in bud; anthers opening by parallel slits; capsule shortly pedi- celled, dark shining green, changing to brown when dry, very indistinctly glandular-roughened, cylindro-conic, 1-1.2 cm. in diameter, slightly longer; rim double, 0.2 cm. wide or less, usually flat, but often concave, or at times even slightly con- vex; valves usually 4, scarcely protruding, their broad base Vol. XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA 35 sunk and their narrow tips about even with the rim ; seeds not winged, fertile black, angular, sterile light brown, narrow; seedlings uniform, very vigorous. This description is based on fresh material from a tree growing in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, on the Main Drive near the Tennis Courts. The material from Santa Monica is practically identical with this except for the perhaps more acuminate lid of the smooth buds and the slightly more convex rim. Both these trees may well have been grown from the same lot of imported seed. The tree in Golden Gate Park appears to be about 45 years old, and speci- mens of both E. globulus and E. ovata of about the same age and height are growing in its vicinity. In general appearance it resembles E. globulus rather than E. ovata. From seed of this tree a large number of seedlings have been raised and its wider dissemination may be hoped for. It is not improbable that this form is represented in California by other indi- viduals, and the writer would welcome any information in the matter. This species or form may first be compared with E. mortoni- ana A. Kinney, described in "Eucalyptus," 1895, p. 193, illus- tration in back of volume. The writer has not seen any ma- terial named by Kinney, but his plate seems to show a form identical with the tree in Golden Gate Park, as well as with specimens from Santa Monica in the herbarium of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences. Kinney's description also fits fairly well, but might apply even better to a tree, apparently typical E. maideni, growing in Balboa Park, San Diego. Es- pecially the comparison of the capsule to a kettle of some thick fluid boiling over, as suggested by the thick, brown rim of the fruit of the San Diego tree, is very apt. Comparison with a large series of E. maideni collected in its natural range may show this to be sufficiently variable to permit our ma- terial to be included in it ; and the writer would be so inclined but for Maiden's reference of the local tree to E. ovata var. grandiflora. Maiden in his "Revision," page 256, refers the form here discussed to E. maideni F. v. Mueller, basing his opinion on sheet No. 237,908 of the U. S. National Museum, not seen by the present writer. Figure 8, plate 80 of the Revision resem- 86 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. bles our form only slightly and may well have been typical E. maideni. Material from the tree in Golden Gate Park sent to J. H. Maiden by Miss Alice Eastwood was determined by him as E. ovata grandiflora Maiden. This uncertainty is certainly very suggestive. Von Mueller's description of E. maideni may well be taken to cover the trees in question, but that species seems to differ from the California trees as follows : Juvenile leaves very glaucous, sessile or nearly so ; buds mostly more or less warty, glaucous, strongly angled ; cap- sules hemispheric; rim broad, usually convex, brown; valves usually broadly triangular, often exserted. E. ovata var. grandiflora Maiden, resembles our material only slightly, and mainly in the buds and fruits; it differs as follows : Juvenile leaves soon alternate and stalked, rotund, obtuse, scarcely glaucous, on terete stems; mature leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, undulate, thin; umbels usually many- flowered ; pedicels as a rule long and slender ; buds not angled ; capsules conoid or goblet-shaped, with rim markedly larger than calyx-tube, and valves rather narrow. Figure 2, plate 113 of Maiden's "Revision" nevertheless sug- gests our material, even if faintly. As at least the general range of E. ovata coincides in part with that of E. maideni and E. globulus, the hint of hybridism may perhaps be per- mitted. The specimens from Santa Monica have quite smooth buds with sharply pointed lids. E. globulus Labillardiere, as grown in California, usually differs much more in its juvenile leaves being very glaucous, its umbels only rarely 3-flowered or peduncled, the buds very warty and glaucous and very strongly angled ; capsules very large, with wide rim and broad valves. To judge from the juvenile foliage alone, the tree in ques- tion appears to be much more closely related to E. maideni or E. globulus than to E. ovata, the resemblance to the latter being confined to the buds and fruits. As the Californian trees were most likely grown from Australian seed, actual field- observations in the native home of the various species are needed to show whether the hybrid theory is at all tenable. Vol, XVII] WALTHER— EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA $J An interesting sidelight is cast on the subject by Kinney's re- port of some test-distillations made by S. M. Woodbridge, who obtained from 1000 lbs. of green leaves of E. globulus 134.8 oz. of oil as against 10.9 oz. in the case of E. mortoniana. In conclusion, the writer offers the suggestion that the name E. mortoniana Kinney may well be restored for the local form, as it seems to differ more from E. maideni F. v. Mueller than does that from E. globulus Labillardiere. It would seem that if E. maideni is really so variable as to in- clude the California form here discussed, it should itself be merged with E. globulus. Until further observations throw new light on the matter that may well rest here for the time being, and if these lines should stimulate enough interest to lead to further investigations they will have served their purpose. A Selected Bibliography Baker, R. T. — Proceedings of the Linn. Soc. of New South Wales. Bentham & Mueller — Flora Australiensis, 1866, Vol. 3. Deane & Maiden— Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales, 1895-1902. DeCandolle, A. P. — Prodromus Systematis. Don, G. — Mostly a translation of the preceding. Hall, H. M— Bailey's Cycl. of Hort., Vol. 2, 1914. Hooker, J. D. & W. J. — In "Curtis, Botanical Magazine." Hooker, J. D. & W. J. — Icones Plantarum. Ingham, N. D— Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 196 (Cultivation.) Kinney, A. — Eucalyptus, 1895. Lindley, J. — Botanical Register. Loddiges — Botanical Cabinet. Luehmann, J. G. — Australasian Society for the Advancement of Science, 1898. Maiden, J. H. — Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus; Forest Flora of New South Wales; Native Useful Plants of Australia ; Proc. of the Linn Soc. of New South Wales. McClatchie, A. /.— Eucalypts cult, in the U. S— U. S. Forest. Bull. 35, 1902. Melcalf, W— Growth of Euc. in Calif. Plant., U. C. Agr. Ex. Stat. Bull. 380. Mueller, Ferdinand von — Eucalyptographia; Fragmenta Phytographias Australia; Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales. Niedenzu, F. — Myrtaceae, in Engler & Prantl's "Natiirlichen Pfianzenfam." More extended Bibliographies can be found in several of above works. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. XVII, No. 4, pp. 89-139, plates 2-7, 5 text figs. June 22, 1928 IV TERTIARY AND PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA FROM THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL AND WASHINGTON HENRY OCHSNER Editor's Note During 1905 and 1906 an expedition from the California Academy of Sciences spent 18 months in the exploration of the Galapagos Islands. Very large col- lections were made in several branches of natural history and the present report contains descriptions of the fossil Mollusca. Geology, paleontology and conchology were in charge of Mr. Ochsner and the material he assembled far exceeded in quantity and importance that secured in these branches by any previous or subsequent expedition. A preliminary notice giving a brief sum- mary of the geological and paleontological results was published in 1924 by Dr. Dall.1 Previous reports on the Expedition of 1905-1906 have been published as: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th Ser., Vol. I, Vol. II, Pts. 1, 2, Nos. 1-18. Various circumstances have contributed to delay the publication of the final reports on the fossils and land shells until this time although the manuscript has been almost complete for several years. In the meantime both authors have died2. The final preparation of the manuscript for the printer has been undertaken by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna and his part has been made possible through hearty cooperation of all interested persons; especially should be men- 1 (Note on fossiliferous strata on the Galapagos Islands explored by W. H. Ochsner of the Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences in 1905-6.