‘
Ws
Peels,
PON erS
To) ¥S 7a
na
>
nar
raey
‘a y EGOS.
Sf eect 5) sae =
an (A =
cs 4 = ;
: IR Ear d Gi
(; WNNG/ IX: WeGibson=|9 ied
Aer tlt shells pa]
YORK:
at pee a,
A
Bi,
0
B
=k «
Ss
2
©
-
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY
NATURAL SCIENCES.
VOLUME VI.
1889-1897.
DAVENPORT, IOWA:
PUBLISHED FROM THE INCOME OF THE
Putnam He rccisk aa
1897.
lole o
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE —1897.
Mrs. MARY L. D, PUTNAM, Chairman.
Pror. W. H. BARRIS. Dr. C. H. PRESTON.
Pror. SAMUEL CALVIN. Dr. JENNIE McCOWEN.
The authors of the various papers are alone responsible for what is contained in them.
The date of printing each form is given in the signature line.
EDWARD BORCHERDT, PRINTER.
PRERACE.
IN presenting this, the sixth volume of its PROCEEDINGS to the scientific
public, the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences indulges the hope that
it may be found to merit a reception no less favorable than that accorded
to its predecessors.
It is the expectation of the Academy to publish at shorter intervals in the
future than in the past, meanwhile issuing important papers as heretofore
in dvochure form, as soon as possible after their reception.
The recent endowment of the Publication Fund of the Academy by Mrs.
Mary L. D. Putnam, Chairman of the Publication Committee, in the sum of
nine thousand five hundred dollars, as a memorial to her husband, Charles E-
Putnam, and her son, Joseph Duncan Putnam, provides for it assured finan-
cial support to the extent of the interest of the sum mentioned.
Early in the history of the organization (1876) the publication of Pro-
CEEDINGS was begun under great difficulties by that indomitable young
scientist, J. D. Putnam, and during the short remainder of his life he bent
his energies toward placing it on an enduring basis. To this end he was
ably assisted by his father, who not only lent the moral support of his ap-
proval, but was ever ready to respond to appeals for material aid, and it is
eminently fitting that the father’s name should be associated with that of
the son in this memorial endowment.
The first signature line of the present volume bears date, December 14
1892, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Academy’s founding. Since then
the unsparing hand of death has removed many of those most closely con-
nected with its origin and ‘growth.
The demise, shortly after his removal to Minneapolis, of Professor W. H
Pratt, deprived this Academy of a life-long and enthusiastic worker for all
pertaining to its interests and those of science in general. A life member
and one of the original group to whom it owes its existence, on his foresight
and energy the Academy had learned very largely to depend, and his loss
is most deeply felt.
Among other prominent members who have passed away since this vol-
ume was begun, are Rev. S. S. Hunting of Des Moines, a former President
and life member; William H. Holmes of this city, an earnest supporter;
and Israel Hall, a friend and life member; while the scientific world at
large has suffered irreparable loss in the death of Professors John Tyndall
and C. V. Riley, both honorary members, and Charles Wachsmuth, a cor-
responding member of the Academy.
With a steady growth in its Museum and Library, the latter now num-
bering over thirty thousand volumes, the Academy yet feels sorely both the
IV PREFACE.
loss of workers and the lack of funds for pushing original investigation
But a glance at the contents of this volume will at least show good work
done by associate members.
Articles of especial value and interest are a List of Coleoptera from the
Southern Shore of Lake Superior, by Professor H. F. Wickham of the Iowa
State University; a Bibliography of lowa Antiquities, and a Summary of
the Archeology of Iowa, by Professor Frederick Starr of the University of
Chicago; anda Revision of the Truxalinz of North America, by Professor
Jerome McNeill of the University of Arkansas. The six beautiful plates
accompanying the latter paper were reproduced by the Heliotype Printing
Company of Boston, from careful delineations by Miss A. Simonds and
Miss A. Leverett.
The excellent engraved portrait of Dr. C. C. Parry, which forms the
frontispiece to the volume, was donated by Mrs. Parry, who also prepared
the list of his published writings. These, with the accompanying Biograph-
ical Sketch by Dr. C. H. Preston, will give added interest to the volume for
botanists the world over, as well as for the many personal friends and
acquaintances of Dr. Parry in this city and elsewhere.
The SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS has been brought down to the beginning
of the present year, and a comprehensive index is appended which will
prove helpful to those consulting the volume.
Among the papers in prospect for Volume VII. are one on the Local
Geology of Davenport, by Professor W. H. Barris, now ready, which it was
intended to have included in Volume VI., and cne on the Flora of Scott and
Muscatine Counties, Iowa, in course of preparation by Messrs. F. Reppert,
A. A. Miller, and W. D. Barnes. Also, biographical sketches of Charles E.
Putnam and W. H. Pratt, with portraits, which were to have appeared in
this, will be given in the seventh volume.
The Publication Committee takes pleasure in acknowledging the uniform
courtesy of Messrs. Edward Borcherdt and R. B. Russell, of the Borcherdt
publishing house, while the volume has been passing through the press.
DAVENPORT, Iowa,
March 2oth, 1897.
CONTENTS:
Preface,
List of Hlustrations :
Bibliography of lowa Agacitics — Frederick Starr, Ph. D.,
Buddhism in America —- Edward L. Berthoud, .
Ancient Grooved Rocks in Arkansas — I” A. Chapman,
Biographical Sketch of Chas. Christopher Parry—C. AH. Preston, M.D.,
List of Papers Published by the late Dr. C. C, Parry — W/7s. C. C.
Parry, (
Summary of the in vchaeiics of lowa — Frederick Sai PRD
List of Coleoptera from the Southern Shore of Lake Superior, with
Remarks on Geographical Distribution--77. /. Wickham, A1.S.,
Stone Mounds and Serpent of sake Seer Dakota — John
M. Flelmick, ; : :
A Shell Gorget from Mexico — pn ae SAKE LHL).
Revision of the Truxalinz of North America — Jerome McNezd/,
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS, Pieces Academy of Natural Sciences,
1889 — 1806,
Annual Meeting and Ranne 1880,
~ Resolutions on the Death of William Renwick,
President’s Annual Address, 1889 — C. £. Harrison
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1890,
Resolutions on the Death of Dr. Charles C. ae
Report on the Work of the Academy in Connection with the
Public Schools — Prof. IV. H. Pratt,
Resolutions on the Removal from the City of Prof. W. H. Pratt,
Resolutions on the Death of Prof. W.C. Preston, .
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1891, :
President’s Annual Address, 1891 ——- Dr. Saseiset Mc Cowen,
President’s Inaugural Address, 1891 —— James Thompson,
Resolutions on the Death of Prot. Alexander Winchell,
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1892, , :
President's Annual Address, 1892 -—_/ames Thompson,.
Resolutions on the Death of James Thompson,
Resolutions on the Death of J. Monroe Parker,
vi CONTENTS.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS — Continued. : Page
Resolutions on the Death of Nicholas Kuhnen, ; : 390
Resolutions on the Death of Mrs. J. Monroe Parker, ; 310
Anniversary Address — Dr. Jennie McCowen, . : ; 311
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1893, : : : ; 314
President’s Annual Address, 1893 — Dr. IV. L. Allen, ; 316
Resolutions on the Death of W. H. Pratt, . : i 323
Resolutions on the Death of Prof. John Tyndall, : 323
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1894, ; : ; 324
President's Annual Address, 1894— D7. W. L. Allen, ; : 328
Notes on Specimens of Ores presented by B. R. Putnam to the
Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences; described ac-
cording to Localities — B. &. Putnam, : ; 331
Resolutions on the Death of Rev. S. S. Hunting, : 333
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1895, : \ , ; 334
Circular of Suggestion regarding Work in ee — fred-
erick Starr, Ph. D., : ; : 340
Biographical Sketch of Charles Valentine Snes: A. M., Ph. D.—
HF. Wickham, . : 2 2 ‘ : : . 344
Annual Meeting and Reports, 1890, . : : 347
President’s Annual Address, 1896-— Adward S. Hlammati, . 353
Resolutions on the Death of Prof. Charles Wachsmuth, . 357
Resolutions against proposed Legislation restricting Vivisection, 358A
Resolutions on the Death of William H. Holmes, : 5 358B
Lecture on The Greenland Expedition of 1896 under fee of
Prof. A. E. Burton—- G. R. Putnam, : ; : 359
Report on the Glazier Expedition of 1891 to determine the True
Source of the Mississippi River — C. £. Harrison, 304
List OR IELUSTRATIONS.
PLATES:
Portrait of C. C. Parry, M. D. meee by Williams & Bro., New
York, ; : : ‘ : Frontispiece
Plates I-VI.—Truxaline, 39 species. Renae by Heliotype
Printing Co., Boston, from drawings by Miss A. Simonds and
Miss A. Leverett.
WOOD- CUTS.
Page
“Svastika”’ and “Sauvastika,” : : . : : eZ)
Fig. 140, Ethnological Report, 1881, . . , ; : , : 27
Grooved Rocks, Clark County, Arkansas, . ; , . 30, 31
Pictographs near New Albin, . ; 59, 60, 61
Neanderthaloid Skulls from Mounds near Old Chickasaw, . ; a ol
Effigy Mounds near North McGregor, : 66
Indian Device for Arrow-head Making, . : ein POT,
Effigy Mounds near Farley, ; é : 70
Diagram of Mounds near Charles City, : Phi
Diagram of Mound 14 near Charles City, 5 E ; 74
Mound Section and Diagram, ; ; SS
Diagram of Earthwork near Charles City, : : il
Neanderthaloid Skull from Mound near Floyd, . Seniho
Section of Mound near Floyd Creek, : : ; : 79
Section of Grave in “Carman’s Woods,” Floyd County, gers)
Diagram of Mounds near lowa City, ; f 84
Clay “Jug” from Johnson County Mound, . ; mato
Diagram of Effigy Mound, Linn County, lowa, ; by ee
Map Insert, Earthworks in Mills County, lowa, . ; ; : . [00
Pottery Vessel from Loéss, Glenwood, . ; ; ? ; 103
Map locating Shell-heap, Keosauqua, . : : ea
Map of Mounds near Ottumwa, 122
Diagram of “Serpent Mound,” Blunt, South bacon ee WA
“ Douglass” Shell Gorget, : : ; : : : : 175
Mexican Shell Gorget, . : : : ; : : } : yy)
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ee PE NEOR TO ACADEMY
OF
Pewee bare ENG ES:
VOLUME VI.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA ANTIQUITIES.*
BY FREDERICK STARR, PH.D.
1. ALDRICH, CHARLES. American Antiquarian, V\., 42.
Letter describing human remains, with relics, from Webster
City, and mentioning mounds near Ft. Dodge, near Webster
City, and in Emmett County.
2. ALEXANDER, W. E. Aust. Winneshiek and Allamakee Cos., 1882,
Refers to mounds, pottery, copper relics, etc. LPP: "357-36:
3. AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN. T3987 Qx:), p. 116.
Quotes Prof. Leon de Rosny, in paper before the Societe
Americane de France, as against the Davenport Tablets.
4. ———— 1387 (1X.)) p-25e-
Quotes Uhle’s remarks upon Putnam’s address as given in
paper—Les pipes et le Tobag,—before the Berlin Anthropo-
logical Society. Also at p. 55.
* This Bibliography was presented before the Academy in 1887. It has recently (October,
1892) been extended, that it might be fairly complete to date. A few titles of ethnological
articles, relative to the Sacs and Foxes, or other Iowa tribes, have been introduced.
[Proc. D. A. N.S., Vou. VI.] 1 [December 14, 1892. ]
N
10.
Il.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAI. SCIENCES.
pellets 1889 (xi.), p. 325.
Notice of vol. iv., pt. 1, of the Proceedings of the Academy,
and reference to its work in archeology.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS. 1885, pp. 411-412.
Notice of the vindication pamphlet and fair presentation of
the Academy’s claims.
AMERICAN NATURALIST. XVIll., 954-
Refers to Henshaw’s article (No. 51).
cf eae XiX., 027%
Refers to ‘“‘ Conflict” between Davenport Academy and the
Bureau of Ethnology.
Lees Ee xix; Qaige
Refers to Academy’s fine Collection of Pottery in a review of
Holmes’ paper (No. 52).
— 1880, p. 216.
“¢ Mound-builders.” Summarizes Stevenson's article upon the
work of the Muscatine Academy of Science.
1880, p. 455-
Announces discovery of Elephant Pipe No. 2.
—- 1880, pp. 814-815.
Notice of vol. ii., pt. 2, and vol. ili., pt. 1, of the Proceedings
of the Davenport Academy, and consideration of the Ele-
phant Pipes.
1886 (xx.), p. 671.
Notice of vol. iv. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy, and
consideration of Putnam’s vindication.
ANNALS OF Iowa. New Series, i1., No. 2, p. I.
“Tndian Mounds.” (Questions the antiquity of mounds and
mound-building. Refers to cup found in Iowa City mound.
15.
10.
17:
10.
20.
24.
STARR—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA ANTIQUITIES. 3
Banta, W. V., and JNo. GARRETSON. Smithsonian R., 1881, 532.
“Mounds at Snake Den, near Salem, in Henry County.”
Nine mounds, some of which were explored. Skeletons,
badly decayed, and stones in some of those opened.
3ARBER, EDWIN A. American Naturalist, 1882, xvi., pp. 263-281.
‘“Mound Pipes.” A study of the curved-base pipes, illustrated
by many specimens in the collection of the Academy.
~——- American Naturalist, xvii., 745.
‘*-Catlnite and Pipes.” Describes use of catlinite. Iowa pipes
figured and described.
Brat and Loos, Prors. Chicago Journal, June 23, 1886.
Mound Exploration three miles west of Toledo, Tama County.
BEEBE, Maj. Popular Science Monthly, xx., 403.
ip 3B, 3
Letter asking definite expression of opinion from Putnam, Rau,
Mallery, Henderson, concerning the Grave Creek, Piqua,
and Davenport Tablets, and the Pemberton Axe.
BERLIN, A. F. American Antiquarian, Viil., 97.
“ Fraudulent Objects of Stone.” Four pages of correspond-
ence between Messrs. Gass, Stevens, and Berlin.
— . American Antiquarian, viii., 228.
‘Fraudulent Stone Objects, and the Gass Correspondence.”
Letter in reply to Putnam’s ‘“‘ Davenport Tablets” (No. 94).
BETTISWORTH, GEO. W. Aiistory of Linn County, Chicago, 1878.
Fanciful article. List of mounds near Cedar Rapids.
BLuMER, Rev. A. Proceedings Davenport Academy, \i., 132.
)
“Mounds in Louisa County.” Interesting Exploration. ‘ Ele-
phant Pipe” secured.
Brace, A. L. Young Mineralogist and Antiquarian, December,
Mounds near Sioux City. BSc LEM Yea
26.
27
wW
ioe)
ioe)
No
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Buspy, Miss Atuig B. = Zwo Summers with the Musquakies, 12
7
[mo., 1886.
Recollections of a teacher among our Tama City Indians.
CALVIN, SAMUEL. Prehistoric Iowa, 8vo., pp. 5-29, 1892.
Lecture; printed in pamphlet form by State Historical Society.
Mainly geological; refers to implements from Iowa loess, the
Neanderthaloid Skulls, and approvingly to the Elephant
Pipes.
CAMPBELL, AUGUSTUS. American Antiquarian, 1x., p. 43.
“Modern Mound Builders.” Vaulted mound near East Du-
buque, contained sitting skeletons and a cup.
CAMPBELL, JOHN. American Antiquarian, W., 145.
“Proposed Reading of the Davenport Tablets.” Quite an
elaborate article. The tablet a Hittite relic.
—— Trans. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1883, pp. 419-421.
“The Mound Builders’ Identified.” Study of the Khitans.
Khita hieroglyphics compared with the Davenport Tablets
inscriptions.
CATLIN, GEORGE.
Information about the Sacs and Foxes scattered through his
work are collected in Donaldson’s article (No. 42).
CHURCHILL, A. D. Proceedings Davenport Academy, \i., 257.
“East Davenport Mounds.” Exploration of three mounds.
No remains.
CLAYPOLE, E. W. Trans. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1887, p. 312.
“What Is It?” Refers to the curious cast-like objects in the
form of shells, possessed by the Academy, and believes them
made by the Indians or for trade with them.
Conant, A. J. Footprints of Vanished Races in the Mi ississippt
[ Valley, 8 vo., pp. 120, St. Louis, 1879.
Cites Pidgeon at pp. 15-24, and p. 70, regarding Iowa mounds;
also, Iowa planter’s opinion of “corn-field mounds.”
30.
ioe)
~r
STARR—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA ANTIQUITIES. 5
Curis; J2iB: Smithsonian R., 1872, 417.
‘Ancient Relics in North-western Iowa.” Pottery fragments,
charcoal, stone circles, etc., near Little Sioux River.
DAHLBERG, Rost. N. and Cuas. L. Smithsonian R., 1879, 340.
“Ancient Pottery from Mounds on the Des Moines River.”
Treats of its composition and manner of manufacture.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY. Proceedings, i.
Brief references to Antiquities, etc.
Bone Implement from East Davenport, 43.
Copper Implement described, 50.
Prehistoric Cremation Furnace, 64. With figure, Plate 26.
Copper Axe, 73.
New Boston and Toolesboro Explorations, 77.
List of Museum Additions, —.
Eee 28s Proceedings, vol. ii.
Brief References.
Additions to Museum, 49, 214.
Mound Builders’ Cloth, 6.
“Gass Tablets” announced. Resolution, etc., 81, 86, 256.
Stone Carving, Hardin County, 115.
S. F. Baird’s “Opinion of Tablets,” 127, 145.
Cleona Inscriptions presented, 137.
Letter asking advice, from J. W. Powell, 137.
‘Pleasant Valley Carving,” 138.
Publication Committee’s Report on Tablets, 2106.
Mound opened below Rockingham, 219.
Elephant Pipe. Circumstances of, 348.
Soa ae ees Proceedings, vol. iii.
Brief References.
President’s address refers to relics and explorations, 9, 13.
Curator’s Report, 6.
Elephant Pipe No. 2 shown, 130.
Mounds near Wheatland, 134.
ca Proceedings, vol. iv.
Brief References.
To Henshaw’s Article, 246, 249, 250.
Exploration of large mound by Gass, Muscatine Co., 210.
6
4o.
4t.
42.
43:
44.
45-
47.
48.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Davis,,M. W. History of Johnson County, lowa City, 1883.
Davis and Col. Trowbridge are quoted regarding the groups of
mounds of the county, and some remains and relics, particu-
larly a complete vessel of pottery, are described.
DEAN, SETH. Smithsonian R., 1881, 528.
“‘ Antiquities of Mills County.” Circular depressions in bluffs,
and mounds near Glenwood.
Donatpson, THos. Smithsonian R., 1885, pt. 2, App., pp-.13-39-
‘The George Catlin Indian Gallery.” Catlin’s outline pictures
of Sacs and Foxes are here reproduced, with his observations
upon the tribe. Some notes regarding their present condi-
tion are added.
Dorsey, J. O. Transactions Anthropological Society, vol. ii.
“Gentile System of the Iowas.”
Evans, S. B. Smithsonian R., 1879, 344-
‘“« Notes on Some of the Principal Mounds of Des Moines Val-
ley.” Diagram 1 shows five locations near Ottumwa. Dia-
gram 2 shows locations of shell-heaps and mounds near
Keosauqua. Explorations of mounds described.
Chicago Times.
‘“Mounds of Des Moines Valley.” Occasional papers on this
subject during 1879 and 1880.
Ottumwa Democrat.
Occasional papers from 1870 onward.
- a Western Scientist, vol. 1.
‘“Mounds of Des Moines Valley.” (Magazine published at
Ottumwa. Crawford, editor.)
Evans, S. B. History of Wapello County, Chicago, pp. 336-342.
Articles in Smithsonian Reports and Chicago Times are here
quoted. The same article also appears in the History of
Van Buren County.
oe
49:
50.
54.
55:
50.
STARR—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA ANTIQUITIES. 7
FARNSWORTH, P. J. 1875.
“Mounds and Mound-Builders.” Paper read before “Iowa
Academy of Natural Science.”
—-—--— — Popular Science, xx., 266.
“Identity of Indians and Mound-Builders.” Letter referring
to platycnemism in certain mound remains, and states that
Dr. Farquharson found the same in Sioux remains at
Davenport.
FARQUHARSON, R. J. American Antiquarian, 1., 136.
“Phonetic Elements in American Languages.” Speaks of
Mexican symbol for ‘ war.”
~ American Antiquarian, \., 168.
‘Davenport Tablets.” Cuotes M. Lucien Adam, at Luxem-
bourg meeting of the ‘“ Americanistes,” as endorsing the
tablets.
wo American Antiquarian, il., 67.
“The Elephant Pipe.” History of finding Pipe No. 1. De-
scription. Table of measurements of elephants-and masto-
dons. Points out several examples of omission of “tusks”
: in representations.
— American Antiquarian, \il., 330-
““Amulets and Post Mortem Trepanation.” Describes a “ron-
delle” and two skull fragments from which such objects had
been cut. All from Iowa. Refers to literature on subject.
Proceedings Davenport Academy, \., 117.
“Recent Archeological Discoveries at Davenport of Copper
Axes, Cloth, etc., etc.” Valuable paper of 26 pp. “Cook
Farm Mounds” exploration. Many notes regarding the
relics found.
———-—— Proceedings Davenport Academy, il., 103.
“On Inscribed Tablets.” Quite elaborate; 12 pp. Full dis-
cussion. Figures.
57-
60.
OL.
62.
63.
04.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
A. A. A. S. Trans., 38, 18753
‘Recent Exploration of Mounds Near Davenport,” 18 pp.,
with 6 plates. Practically same as No. 33.
FostTER, J. W. Prehistoric Races of the U. S., ~p. 105.
Simply mentions small mounds near Dubuque.
Futon, A. R. Listory of Boone County, 8 vo., 1878.
‘““ Archeology of the North-west.” References to lowa mounds.
Article of little value. Occurs also in History of Mahaska
County.
Futon, A. R. The Red Men of Towa, 8 vo., 558 p., 1882.
Treats of past history and present condition of our Iowa tribes.
Pages 81-94 treat of ‘‘ Prehistoric Man.”
GALLARD, ISAAC. Annals of Lowa, vi., 347-366.
“Indian Tribes of the West: Their Languages, Religion, and
Traditions.” The best informations upon the Sacs and
Foxes.
GARRETSON, JOHN. (See No. 5.)
Gass, J. Proceedings Davenport Academy, \., 92.
‘Excavation of Mound No. 3; Cook Farm,” Davenport. De-
scription of openings in 1874 and 1877. Finding of
“Tablets,” ete:
—_———— Proceedings Davenport Academy, i., 140.
‘““Mounds in Louisa County.” Describes opening of nine
burial mounds.
ee Proceedings Davenport Academy, i1., 189.
‘‘Mounds in Louisa County.” Opening of several mounds.
Relics found. (See No. rr.)
——_———— Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 141.
‘Mound No. 10, Cook Farm.” Account of opening. Dia-
gram showing curzous structure.
66.
67.
70.
rag
72.
73;
74-
STARR—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA ANTIQUITIES. 9
—_—_—- Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 142.
“Inscribed Stones, Cleona Township, Scott County.” Five
found in bed of creek.
— Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 172.
“Inscribed Rocks in Cleona Township.” Fuller description
than No. 66. Stones are hard, heavy, coarse greenstone.
—- + Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 155.
‘Mound in Jackson County.” Opened for Mr. Gass. Simple
structure. Some relics.
—— Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 173, 219.
**Mounds in Jackson County.” Further exploration. Loca-
tion of groups, and excavatior.
--- Proceedings Davenport Academy, \i., 183.
‘Ancient Fortification, Louisa County.” Grandview Town-
ship. Two earth-walls enclosing two acres between ravines.
Diagram.
— Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 189.
~ Mound Explorations.” Location and examination of many
mounds in Grandview Township. Finding of Toolesboro
Tablet. Sums up year’s work, pp. 140-146.
— Proceedings Davenport Academy, ii., 191.
‘* Mounds Near Muscatine.” Examination of some mounds in
two groups.
Harrison, CuHartes E. Proceed. Davenport Academy, i., 221.
“Cook Mound, No. 11.” Finding of Tablet 3. Other relics
of interest.
—— Proceedings Davenport Academy, iv., 197.
“Report of Mound Exploration, Pine Creek, Muscatine
County.” Open only unopened mound in group of ten.
No relics.
[Proc. D. A. N.S., Vou. VI.] (January 13, 1893. ]
75:
77:
So.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
HENDERSON, JOHN J. Smithsonian R., 1882, 686.
“Aboriginal Remains Near Naples, Ill.” Thirty-five pages on
mounds and builders. Pages 713-717 is list of “ Fauna of
Mound-Builders’ Era,” in which various Iowa pipes are men-
tioned.
HENSHAW, H. W. Bureau of Ethnology, 2a Ann. Rept., 123.
‘Animal Carvings from Mounds in Mississippi Valley.” At-
tacks Elephant Pipes on pp. 155-157.
Hormes, WM. H. Ancient Pottery of Mississippi Valley, 8 vo.,
[pp- 73:
“A Study of the Davenport Academy’s Collection.” Printed
in advance of vol. iv. of Davenport Academy’s Proceedings.
——___ —— Proceedings Davenport Academy, w., 123, et Seq.
The same.
Hoimes, Wm. H. Fourth Ann. Rept. Burcau of Ethnology,
[pp. 361-436.
“Ancient Pottery of Mississippi Valley.” Many specimens
from Academy described. Iowa specimens described on pp.
427-429.
Howe, S. S. Annals of Iowa, i., No. 3, p. 33-
‘Indian Mounds.”
Jorpan, Cora M. American Antiquarian, 1892, pp. 2260-227.
“A Stone Dam in Iowa.”
% =
Z \
FIG. 7.
three long mounds in the group (Fig. 7). A mile west of this
group, on the same elevation, is a large animal effigy.— Two
miles east, on the end of the same ridge, are two embankments,
each about 4o yards long.———— A great system of mounds exists
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 71
DuBuQuE CouNtTy—Continued.
on the ridge separating the Mississippi and Turkey Rivers. The
ridge is never more than a mile in width and is usually narrow;
it rises two hundred to three hundred feet above the river level.
Mounds, extending in a line toward the north-west for about six
miles, occur upon it; they number more than forty, and comprise
simple conical mounds, embankments, and effigies. This group
was the one upon which McGee made his special metrological study.
Hermann 2" reports a fine double-grooved stone axe, 10 or 12
inches long, from a mound near Catfish Creek, and a nearly
transparent quartz spear-head 7 to 8 inches long.
EMMETT CouNTY.
Aldrich * mentions a line of thirteen large mounds, extending
north and south, upon a high river terrace; they are from 1% to
6 feet in height; no exact location is assigned.
FLoyp County.
Webster has pursued studies here with much care, and reports
the results in several important papers.
Near Charles City 7 is a large and very interesting group of
thirty-one mounds. They lie,
with one exception, near the
centre of Sec. 26, Twp. 96, R.
16 W., about two miles north-
west of Charles City (the one
exception is near the centre of
S.-W. 4% Sec. 23). Twenty-
eight of them are in a nearly
straight line running 20° W. of
N., on the summit of a low,
broad ridge. ‘The topography is
shown by the diagram. (Fig.8.)
No. r. ‘The southernmost ;
largely natural elevation; no
finds; 63 feet long, 48 feet
wide, 3 feet high.
2. Seventy-one feet west ;
circular, 21 feet in diameter and
1% feet high.
j. Fifteen feet north-west ;
circular, 20 feet in diameter and 2 feet high.
72 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
FLoyp County— Continued.
kg. ‘Ten féet from last; large, curved mound, 163 feet long
on outer curve; 20 to 25 feet wide, 214 to 3 feet high; tapers
and decreases in height toward the north-west, where it is only
8 feet wide and 1% feet high; near this end is an extension
of the mound —a spur 27 feet long, rapidly diminishing in height
and width to 1 foot and ro feet; apparently a natural mound,
modified ; no remains.
5. Three hundred feet from No. 4; circular, 21 feet in diam-
eter, 114 feet high.
6. ‘Two hundred feet distant; circular, 21 feet in diameter,
over 1% feet high.
(There is an illy-defined mound between Nos. 5 and 6, not
shown on the diagram. )
7. One hundred or more feet from No. 6, and like it.
8. Fifty feet distant; circular, 45 feet in diameter and 3 feet
high.
*g. ‘Ten feet distant; 30 feet in diameter, 2% feet high.
*z70. Twelve feet from No. 9; circular, 36 feet in diameter
and 3 feet high; no finds.
*77. Four feet distant; circular, 45 feet diameter, 244 feet ;
high.
*k72. ‘Twelve feet distant; like No. 11, but slightly smaller.
13. Fifteen feet from No. 12; circular, 45 feet diameter and
2 feet high.
zg. Sixteen feet from No. 13; circular, 51 feet in diameter,
1¥% feet high.
*75. ‘Ten feet distant; circular, 30 feet in diameter, 134 feet
high.
*76. Sixteen feet distant; of same character.
17 ‘Three feet distant; circular, 25 feet in diameter, 114 feet
high. :
*78. ‘Twenty feet distant; circular, 42 feet in diameter, 2%
feet high; homogeneous structure.
*7g. ‘Twenty feet from No. 18; same measurements.
*20. ‘Twenty-one feet distant; like last.
27. Twenty-five feet distant ; circular, 30 feet in diameter,
2 feet high.
*22. ‘Thirty feet distant; of same size.
* Opened by Webster.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 73
FLoyp County— Continued.
*237. Twenty-five feet distant; circular, flattened, 30 feet in
diameter, 1 foot high.
*24. ‘Twenty-five feet distant ; circular, 45 feet in diameter,
1% feet high.
*2a5. Twenty feet distant; circular, 45 feet in diameter, 3
feet high; a few scattered fragments of charcoal and burnt clay ;
the whole is packed hard.
*26. Fifty-three feet distant; 33 feet in diameter, 3 feet
high ; a few small bits of oak charcoal.
27. Five feet distant ; same form but smaller.
28. Forty feet distant; circular, 24 feet diameter, 1 foot high.
Several mounds in this group yielded interesting results, thus:
Vo. 9. From 20 inches and downward pottery fragments
were found. On the natural surface of the ground was a bundle
of human arm and leg-bones, lying east and west; on the east
end of these was a crushed and somewhat separated cranium, some
parts very thick, with large and strong teeth; these parts pertained
to a young adult Two feet north-east of this was a similar
bundle, directed a few degrees south of east; on the east end of
this bundle lay part of a crushed skull; these somewhat charred.
A few feet south-east a similar bundle, directed 13° south
of east; no skull A few feet north-west of the first bundle,
another, lying east and west, without skull. Evidence of
fire, bits of charcoal, burned clay, and heated limestones scat-
tered through mound..——— A former exploration had removed
a skull and some bone-bundles. ——— All the bones in the mound
show some evidence of calcination, but all but second bundle
apparently burned e/sezwhere.
No. zz. At to inches depth, and slightly east of the centre,
a piece of broken pottery and a few small fragments of charcoal.
No signs of fire built here.
No. 12. Numerous pieces of hard-burned clay from outside
scattered through it. At 10 inches part of a calcined femur. No
signs of fire.
No. 14. In centre, at 10 inches depth, an imperfect dog’s (?)
skull, facing the south-west. Near this skull and 7 inches below
it were five quite closely-associated bundles of leg and arm-bones;
in three cases crushed skulls were on the west end of bundles,
* Opened by Webster.
74 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
FLoyp County— Continued.
and one skull lay between two of them; under the west end of
the north bundle was half of a lower jaw, retaining teeth; the
skull between the bundles was on its right side, with mouth open,
facing the north-west; the teeth were (some
of them) scattered through the soil; all the
bundles lay directed in an east, north-east,
or south-east direction. Seven inches
below the dog’s skull were pieces of ribs
and other small bones promiscuously thrown
in... All the skulls were rather thick,
with large and strong jaws and teeth. Some
of the bones were of aged persons, but
FIG. 9. most were of young adults.———Scattered
Diagram of Mound No. 14. through the mound were numerous pieces
of burned clay and charcoal from outside. ——— Six inches from
surface two large slabs of water-worn Devonian limestone.
The human remains had all been subjected to heat before burial
here. (Fig. 9.)
No. 16. Human leg and arm-bones apparently thrown in
promiscuously, at 17 inches depth. No fire here.
No. 19. An adult skeleton, at length, with head 11° south of
east, found at depth of original surface. The body had been
placed on its back, head on its left side, mouth open about an
inch, left shoulder drawn up, and chin resting on clavicle; the
arms at sides. Cranium large, well formed; jaws strong; teeth
large, strong,-and much worn ; bones poorly preserved.— No
trace of fire; no relics;————FEarth around and for 1% feet
above body hard-tamped.
No. 20. In centre, at 26 inches in depth, three bundles of
long bones, five crushed skulls, two decayed pelvic bones.
In the midst of these bones a very rude but nearly perfect pottery
vessel, upright. The bones represent all ages, but were poorly
preserved and more or less calcined—some before and some after
being placed here..———— Charcoal, burned clay, and potsherds
with the remains. Soil above and around bones packed
hard.
No. 21. Within was found a circular, oval mound of red,
burned clay, of about 1o feet diameter and 1 foot in height. Its
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 75
FLoyp County— Continued.
surface was at a depth of about 1 foot. Under this, and nearly
central, were three bundles of bones, two directed 11° east of
south, the third one north-west and south-east; on the north end
of the two former reposed crushed skulls; on the south-east end
of the third was also a crushed skull. ——— Many other human
bones were associated with the bundles. All had been more or
less burned.—— No charcoal, ashes, etc. (Fig. 10.)
iGo;
No. 22. At 2 feet depth, near the centre, a bundle of bones
and part of a skull, all much decayed. The bundle lay north-
east and south-west.——— Pieces of oak charcoal and burnt clay
from outside were scattered through the mound. No fire
here. Soil around and above had been beaten hard.
NVo.. 24. At 3 feet south of the centre a bundle of bones
lying due east and west; two skulls lay, one on each end of this
bundle; the one on the east was large, of moderate thickness, with
very low forehead abruptly sloping backward; teeth large, strong,
much worn.
[N. B.—A later study of the locality showed two curious
mounds in the neighborhood of the mound No. 4 (see diagram).
Nearly to the east, 4 or 5 feet distant, was an elliptical mound,
30 feet long, 24 feet wide, 2 feet high. Still
{ t further east, 24 feet from No. 4, isa long mound
\. () ee 81 feet in length, 15 feet at base, and 2 feet
a e : high. (Fig. 11.)— Several small, circular
mounds, from 8 to 1o feet in diameter, run in
iG. tl.
a north by north-west line from the elliptical mound. |
Three isolated mounds occur in the neighborhood of this:
group:
(a) One-third of a mile north-west of the line of mounds;
it is circular, 20 feet in diameter, and only 6 inches (originally
114 feet) high. It is situated upon a higher and narrower ridge
than the group, and at forty rods distance from an abandoned
part of the channel of the Cedar River. At 6 inches below the
original surface was much broken pottery, charcoal, two sinkers,
76 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
FLoyp County— Continued.
an arrow-head, and flint chips; all of these were burned after
being placed here; 1 foot below the pottery were parts of a
human skeleton. An earlier explorer found pottery and a good
net-sinker. ———— The pottery found showed a combination of
net and basket and separate cord markings; the vessels were in
some cases smoothed, all were of moderate thickness, of a reddish
yellow color, and made of clay, fine gravel, and powdered gran-
ite. Parts of six vessels were found; one of the largest and best
reconstructed had a diameter at mouth of 201% cm.; a maximum
diameter of 31 cm.; a height of 16 cm. The neck was sharply
constricted. Several of the six vessels had a similar form.
About six feet north-east of the mound is a depression tro feet in
diameter and 1% feet deep, whence the material may have been
taken. Along the abandoned river channel, forty rods north-
west of the mound, broken pottery, some unlike that from the
mound, is found on the lower and level space; also arrow-points,
lance-points, drills, flint chips, hammers, etc.
(6) One-half mile north-east of last, on the end of the brow
of the ridge near the Cedar River. The mound is circular, with
diameter of 20 feet and height of 2 feet. It was long since
opened, and yielded pottery fragments. Other relics have been
found near by—very rude arrow-heads; a spear-head; a fine
knife of milky quartz, 734 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, and tapering
toward each end; a beautifully symmetrical ovate plummet, with a
longitudinal groove about it—length, 514 cm., diameter, 514 cm.
(c) Opposite Vo. 7g, on the second ridge, west of the line of
mounds. It measured from north to south 42 feet; from west to
east 30 feet; 1 foot high. About 3 feet from the base of the
north-east part of the mound is a saucer-shaped depression, about
22 feet in diameter and 1 foot deep; a long, shallower depression
exists along the whole east side; these spots apparently supplied
the material for the mound. At 1 foot below the original sur-
face, near the north-eastern part of the mound, were several leg
and arm-bones and part of a calcined skull carelessly placed.
Five feet south of here were remains of a second body, with the
leg-bones and arm-bones more completely calcined; in general
the long bones lay north and south; they had apparently been
calcined elsewhere ; a few pieces of charcoal, potsherds, and flint
chips were found near the surface.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAZOLOGY OF IOWA. ied.
FLoyp County— Continued.
One-third of a mile south of the line of mounds, at a lower
level, were several other round mounds which were not explored.
Eight miles north-east from Charles City, on the S.-W. 1%
N.-W. \% Sec. 36, Twp. 96,
R. 15, an ancient earthwork
lies on the east side of the
Little Cedar River. The
country is broken and irreg-
$ % ular; the earthwork is about
one hundred and fifty feet
from an abandoned channel
of the river, and about the
ApasponeD CHANNEL OF L.C.R.
FLOOD PLANE
same distance from a ravine
on the south-east, tributary
to the Little Cedar; the beds
of these channels are 18 to 20 feet below the fortification. The
earthwork is 124 feet long, 16 feet wide at base, 234 feet high ;
it is composed of ordinary soil; it trends 17° W. of N. Arrow-
heads are not uncommon in the neighborhood. (Fig. 12.)
In the ‘‘dzg woods’’ on the west side of the Little Cedar,
seven miles below the above locality, are three mounds of drift
bowlders and soil. They are 2% feet high, 2 feet wide, and from
4 to 7 feet long.
Two miles north-west of Charles City is a group of four Indian
graves on high, dry ground, north from a small creek. They are
close together; three extend north-east and south-west, while tie
other is north and south; three are graves of adults and are 7
feet long, while the other is that of a child and is 3% feet long.
They are perhaps Winnebago graves. One-fourth mile west-
south-west is a grave where a Winnebago was buried in 1849—
1850. Wrapped in his blanket he was laid out at length, extend-
ing north-east and south-west, on a level space back from a creek.
Slabs of green wood 3 feet long were placed over his body in an
inverted V-shape, meeting at the top. The ends of the enclosure
were covered over with other slabs. At the head was,a post of
green wood, 6 inches in diameter, driven into the ground; this
post was peeled and bore characters. A tight log crib was built |
about this enclosure; it was of green logs laid up in log-cabin
(Proc. D. A. N.8., Vou. VI.] 10 {April 16, 1895.]
78 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
FLoyp County— Continued.
fashion, and measured 1o feet in length, 7 feet in width, and more
than 3 feet in height; other logs were tightly fitted over the top.
— One mile below the last locality, on the south bank of the
Cedar River, were several graves of Winnebago children. The
bodies had been placed on the ground and enclosed on all sides
by 12-inch logs; the space was then filled up with earth, which
was heaped up 13 inches or so (Webster '*).
Webster also describes ‘85a group of three mounds on the west
side of Cedar River, one-half mile east of Floyd. They are sit-
uated on a high, level space, 50 feet above and 220 yards back
from the stream, midway between two points; they form a slightly
curved line. They are low, circular, and separated from each
other by intervals of about 20 feet. The largest and easternmost
mound is about 30 feet in diameter, and was once 2 feet high ;
the smallest is perhaps natural. In the largest were five well-
preserved skeletons. The structure of the mound shows that the
surface had first been excavated into a basin shape to a depth of
334 feet; the basin was then macadamized with gravel and frag-
ments of limestone; on the center of this floor the five skeletons
had been placed in a sitting position, facing north, and with the
feet drawn under the body ; a thin layer of earth was piled above
them, then g inches of earth and ashes in which were a few bits
of fine-grained charcoal; the remaining four feet was nearly all
red from heat; the whole material was rammed or pounded hard ;
JRIKGS ea.
the soil about the bodies was deeply stained from decomposition.
The westernmost skeleton was that of a woman of middle age;
six inches east of it was an infant’s skeleton; to the north, and
close by the babe, was the skeleton of a large, middle-aged man;
skeletons of two young adults lay east and south of the babe.
The woman was apparently of low grade, and well muscled; the
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. 79
FLtoyp County— Continued.
skull was markedly neanderthaloid (Fig.12); the forehead was low;
the inner portion of the brow-ridges was prominent; the skull was
small; from the lower part of the nasal bones to the upper mar-
gin of the orbits was but 4 cm.; the distance from orbit to orbit,
midway between their upper margins and the lower part of the
nasal bones was 234 cm. Most of the skulls were crushed; one
jaw had teeth well preserved. The skull of the babe was very
thick ; the teeth were small. The man was nearly six feet high;
the crowns of his teeth were much worn down.——— This mound
appears to be very ancient; the limestone fragments in the floor
are much decomposed.
A small mound near //oyd is reported to have yielded a skel-
eton. 154
A peculiar mound is described by Webster,**7 in a low, level ©
spot at about the centre of the S.-E. 4% Sec. 5, Twp. 95, R. 17
N., one-half mile west from Food Creek. It is 16 feet in diam-
eter and 1 foot high; circular at base, it is flat-topped, except a
rounded ridge 8 or to inches high and 1 foot wide at the outer
edge of the surface area. A trench ro inches deep and 1 foot
wide is around the base. ‘The mound is overgrown with trees.
The structure of the mound was found to be—
(a) Decomposed vegetation and earth.
- (6) Charcoal layer.
(c) Bed of ashes.
(@) Soil.
This order was repeated; the natural surface then reached
showed no particular evidence of strong heat; the charcoal, in
large pieces and well preserved, appears to be of poplar wood;
no bones or relics were found (Fig. 13).
FIG. 13.
The same author "88 describes a grave on low, dry ground in
Carman’ s Woods, near the meeting of the Beaver Dam Brook and
Shellrock River, one-half mile north of Rockford. The grave
was 7 feet long, 21% feet wide, 114 feet high, and 3 feet deep; it
80 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
FLoyp County— Continued.
is excavated through soil down to the limestone; through the
centre of the grave, running lengthwise from bottom to top, is a
line of limestone slabs set edgewise ; these
slabs are from 2 to 3 inches thick; the
lowest foot of depth in the graves was filled
with fragments of limestone; the rest was
filled with slabs of limestone set obliquely
with the higher edge against the central
partition; the upper slabs were so heavy
as to require a man’s full strength in their
removal. ‘There were no remains and
no relics (Fig. 14).
HAMILTON COUNTY.
Aldrich * reports that in 1857 or 1858 an excavation at Wed-
ster City revealed, at two feet depth, a heap of human bones
representing at least twenty-six persons ; one skull was very large
and thick; round beads of soft stone were also found.——— On
a knoll in the south-east part of the town three skeletons were
found at a depth of thirty inches.———— North of the town plat
are five undisturbed mounds. They are located on a bluff some
forty feet above the Boone River, and extend in a north-east and
south-west line; the earth for the mounds was taken from north
of the group..——— A mile from the town there has been found
a polished stone tablet, about 2% inches square and 14 inch
thick; drilled with two holes on opposite sides.
A mound north-west of Caivo Lake is reported by Bonney.*74
HarpDIN COUNTY.
A stone carving representing a human head is said to have
come from a well excavation in this county ;37 the depth reported
is thirty-nine feet.
Henry COUNTY.
It is said *5 that there are many mounds in the county ; Mans-
field *2 mentions some near fount Pleasant.
Banta and Garretson ' investigated a group of nine mounds
at the Szake Den, three miles west of Salem. They report as
follows:
(a) Twenty feet in diameter, 8 feet high; no remains.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 81
Henry County— Continued.
(6) Some sixty feet from (@); 20 feet in diameter and very
low; flat rocks were found above a large quantity of broken and,
in some cases, burned bones.
(¢) Some sixty feet from (4); 3 feet high; one skeleton,
extended, between two flagstones; the head was toward the north;
bones were badly decayed.
(d) Sixty feet from preceding; 20 feet in diameter; 3 feet
high; three badly decayed skeletons, extended, with heads to the
north.
(e) Sixty feet distant; 20 feet in diameter and 5 feet high ;
smooth, flat rocks were found, laid in an elongate hexagonal form;
stones were set edgewise about the border; at five feet depth were
two extended skeletons with heads north.
(f) At sixty feet distance; 30 feet in diameter; 5 feet high;
not opened.
(g) At sixty feet distance; 20 feet in diameter; 5 feet high;
a few bones were found.
(2) At sixty feet distance; 30 feet in diameter; 5 feet high;
is said to have contained a rude stone vault, with badly decayed
human skull, etc.; the bodies were buried, perhaps, in a sitting (?)
position; a sandstone mortar and arrow-points were found here.
(2) At sixty feet distance; 5 feet high; no contents.
. These mounds are in a right line; (@) is at the western end.
Van Allen "2 reports mounds situated in Sec. 34, Twp. 72, R.
7 W. ‘Three in number, they are upon a hill 120 feet high,
1,000 feet long, and more than 300 feet wide. One was opened
and yielded a quantity of bones, teeth, and charcoal; some of
the sticks were but half burned; the bones were in a heap; some
were charred, and more than one individual was represented by
them; one pinkish-white arrow-head was found..——— The meas-
urements of these mounds are: (@), 50x41 feet; (4), 43 x 49
feet; (¢), 40 x 40 feet; (4) was one hundred and seven feet from
(a), and (c) was fifty feet from (4); the mounds ranged from
4% to 3 feet in height Two mounds about 1 foot high lie
south of (c).
Jackson County.
Gass, ®8 without assigning locality, mentions in this county a
very large, oval mound, 200 feet by roo feet, (with circumference
82 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Jackson County— Continued.
of 700 feet), and 30 to 35 feet high; the sides have a very steep
slope, 70°; the top is flat, oval, measuring about 30x 50 feet.
The mound is situated on a bottom, near the bank of a creek, in
a deep ravine. Excavation to a depth of 12 to 14 feet yielded
pieces of hematite, some of which were burned, and two arrow-
heads. ———_In another paper © the same author describes a
mound of simple construction, with a diameter of 30 feet anda
height of 4 feet. A few feet from the surface were found a num-
ber of irregularly-scattered stones and pieces of wood; at 5 feet
a quantity of ashes, with burned bones, fragments of dark-colored
pottery, two knives of copper, and a copper spear-head.———— A
human skeleton was found in a ditch excavation; near it were
three ornaments of rolled copper, an arrow-head, and a bit of
blanket.
With no other location than ‘‘ Mr. Heisig’s farm,’’ the same
author ©9 describes a group of three mounds, arranged in an equi-
lateral triangle, in an open, level field; they are about 15 feet in
diameter and 3 feet high. Structure: (@) consists of hard mixed
soil to a depth of 2 feet below the original surface ; (4) consists
of 3 feet of light earth, then 2 feet of mixed earth; (c¢) is like
(a) in all respects.———A similar group in number, size, ar-
rangement and construction is mentioned as near Fairfield.
One mile from Spragueville, on a hill near a creek is a mound
composed of light earth, 15 to 20 feet in diameter and a few feet
high; at 4 feet depth a human jaw-bone was found. ‘This
mound is also mentioned in 174.
In Lowa Township, four miles below the mouth of the Maquo-
keta and one-half mile from the Mississippi, on the Thomas
Boothby farm, near ‘‘The Point,’’ is a group of nine mounds ;
the land rises abruptly from the river ; the mounds are in a single
row; four of them have been examined by Mr. J. W. Boothby
with the following result: °9
(a) The furthest up the river; an elongated pyramid 5 feet
high; the remains of seven skeletons were found ; all were lying
on their backs, three with heads east, four with heads west; un-
under the skull of one of the latter was a thin copper crescent;
above the skeletons were three or four large stones; on the floor
of the mound, 4 feet north of the centre, was an earthen vessel
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 83
Jackson County— Continued.
bottom-side up; this was destroyed in removing it, but measured
about 25 inches in circumference and 4 inches in depth; under
it was a wo perforated near the hinge; numerous pieces of scat-
tered charcoal were found in the mound.
(6) Vo. 4 in the series; is conical in form and about 60 feet
in diameter and 5 feet high. It contained thirty-one skeletons,
mostly with heads south and feet north, although there was no
careful arrangement ; a number of stones were above the bodies ;
on and below the cervical vertebrae of two of the skeletons were
one hundred and sixty copper beads ; in three of these beads the
cord of woody fibre was still preserved ; with one of the piles of
beads were eight perforated bear’s teeth; a flint spear-head, 834
inches long, lay among the ribs of one skeleton; numbers of
small, fresh-water bivalve shells were found.
(¢) Vo. 6 in the series ; it had about the same dimensions as
the last, but was perhaps a little higher. Near the level of the
original surface were four skeletons; a fifth, probably intrusive,
was at a depth of one foot. The latter was in a bed of ashes,
and the bones were blackened and charred.
(Z) Vo. 7 in the series; contained one skeleton which was
entirely and closely covered with rocks; charcoal and burned
stones were above and outside of this rock covering.
~ At Bellevue, White 19° examined a shell-heap which was com-
posed of the shells of eleven species of Uzzo and one species of
Alasmodonta,; the bones of deer and buffalo, potsherds, and flint
arrow-heads were found.
At Saéula, on the Mississippi River, a shell-heap contained
shells of ten species of Unio, the bones of deer, wild goose,
snapping-turtle, soft-shelled turtle, catfish, sheephead, and various
undetermined fragments. Coarse potsherds, with bits of pounded
shell in the paste, were found._—— These two shell-heaps show
the mode of cooking in use among the makers; small pits were
dug in the bank soil; these were 14-yard wide and of the same
depth; the sides and bottom show action of fire; these are
closely filled with shells and bones; charcoal occurs; in the
original article White gives a list of the species represented, and
estimates the age of the heaps at a minimum of two hundred
years.
84 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Negus '°3 describes an iron cross, which at an early date was
planted on a sandstone bluff overlooking the Cedar River; near
by is a series of mounds 25 to 50 feet in diameter, and 3 to 5
feet high.
Jounson County.
Webster "89 reports that there are at least one hundred mounds
known along the Iowa River in this county. There are two
classes: (@) The more common; circular, with round or flattened
top; from 12 to 24 feet in diameter, and from 1% to 3 feet high.
(6) Long and narrow; sometimes forming an extension of
mounds of the first type; from 12 to 13% feet wide; from 1%
to 2 feet high.
In detail he describes:
Five miles north of /owa City: Group of eighteen mounds in
a slightly curved line, upon summit of a high, narrow ridge be-
tween the Iowa River and Sanders Creek.
yy UN iy m FIG. IS.
IO No. Width. Lgth. Ht. ue Dist.
it Bil 2 From—to— —
20 2 N. 54
ie N 18 B N. 45
(Cre, i 16 ay “Ny 40
‘ ce 2. 3 N. 72
WD nfo) N. 33
bn 18 2 N. 30
Nee, ei ae vais boa il ; 17 2% N. Us
= ay ste 15 2% N. 48
Y) INN Ui eo a ae ° z I 15 2 N. 30
m Rates ee YA 2%. IN, 75
= 12) 1332 AS.) eg ae 33
14 3 N.by Nae
7 2 N. by Nobaras
12 1% N.byN.E. 24
24 2, N. by NeEz4
19 3 N.by N-ESige
2 3 N.by Noises
No. z. (Southernmost.) Skeleton, adult, seated ; small, an-
imal-shaped vessel of pottery.
No. 2. Bones of a child. These and last badly preserved.
Most of the series contain bone fragments, and many have a
layer of charcoal and ashes a few inches above the human re-
mains; also, small stones somewhat burned.
No. rz. An arrow-point, flint-chips, small boulders.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. 85
Jonnson County— Continued.
NVo. 6. A circular mound with long oval mound attached.
No relics.
No. 12. Somewhat like Vo. 6. Unexplored.
The general material of all is yellow, homogeneous loéss, with
dark earth above. No dug holes in the neighborhood. All are
wooded.
Davis,4° apparently in reference to this same group, states that
when skeletons were found they were usually sitting, or lying
| down with legs bent as if
for sitting; the skeletons
were covered with wood
ashes from 1 inch to 1%
inches deep; one male
adult cranium was small,
although the upper jaw was
very large. ——— In this
reference a clay vessel or
jug is said to have been
found with a child’s skel-
eton (cf. Webster’s mound
No. 1?) This vessel is de-
scribed here and also by
How. 79 It is grayish-
black, with a round body
3 inches in diameter; on
one side is a circle with
two cross-lines and some
dots; the top part narrows
to a neck and is developed
to resemble a turtle’s beak ;
; a spout or aperture on one
FIG. 16. side has about the diame-
ter of a man’s finger; the material is pounded stone with clay ;
the vessel is hard-burned, and is rough and unglazed.
On the other side of the valley and further down is a group
of five round mounds upon a high ridge. "89
At the mouth of Turkey Creek is a circular mound on the’
brow of a limestone cliff too feet high. 9
(Proc. D. A. N.8., Vou. VI.] ll {April 23, 1895. ]
86
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Jounson County— Continued.
Near the mill one-half mile north of Iowa City are two series
of lines of circular mounds upon the top of a high, narrow ridge;
the mounds are 20 to 21 feet in diameter and 30 feet apart; in
their arrangement they follow the form of the ridge.'89
One-half to three-fourths of a mile north-west of the mill
there are from fourteen to sixteen long and circular mounds;
many have been plowed away.*89
White "93 mentions mounds along the bluffs of the lowa River
between Iowa City and Columbus Junction (Louisa County) ; he
particularly mentions a numerous group just below the mouth of
the English River; these may be in Washington County —not
in Johnson.
KEOKUK COUNTY.
LEE
Bassett 162 describes stone and copper implements from Keo-
kuk County.———— Morgan '6 21° reports the finding of pottery
at a depth of 20 inches in a mound near Richland; the mound
was 250 feet in base circumference and 2 feet high; some of the
vessels were very large and shaped like “a common dinner-pot ;”
around the rim was, frequently, a narrow band divided into tri-
angular spaces filled with parallel lines running vertically and
horizontally in alternate triangles. These largest vessels are said
to have been 9 feet in circumference, and to have contained
human bones.
County.
Myers 98 reports mounds near Wever and /Jollyville ; one near
the latter place is on the property of John Junge; one in Lay-
ton’s meadow had a diameter of 32 feet, a length of 50 feet,
and a height of 7 to 9 feet.————The same author reports on
the Myers Farm, Greex Bay Township, some fifteen or twenty
mounds; there are others on adjoining farms. All are oval, 12
to 30 feet in diameter, and 2 to 7 feet high; some yielded flint,
pottery, and human or animal bones; some of the human bones
were charred or burned.—In one mound thirty-two skele-
tons were found, sitting, in limestone vaults made by setting slabs
on edge and covering them over with other slabs ; some of these
slabs weigh 250 to 275 pounds; no limestone beds are nearer
than one and one-half miles.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. 87
LEE County—Continued.
Six miles north of ort Madison, according to Negus,'™ are
mounds 30 feet by 15 feet. They are described as divided into
compartments, each occupied by a skeleton, seated, with heads
on knees; articles of flint, stone, and bone were buried with
them ; bones of animals and birds and charcoal were found; the
floors, sides, and roofs of the compartments were of limestone
slabs. This is apparently the same locality as the preceding.
Negus 14 and Norris '74 mention mounds at or near Montrose.
The latter author also mentions some near the junction of the
Des Moines and Mississippi Rivers. Thomas 22" states that these
last contained only decayed human bones, potsherds, and stone
chips; some yielded articles of intrusive burial.
Linn County.
Starr + describes a shell-heap in West Cedar Rapids, on a
knoll near the Cedar River. The layer of shells is almost 1 foot
thick; it is overlaid by dark soil and underlaid by sand. Unio
metanevrus, U. alatus, and U. rugosus were recognized; one or
two bone fragments, flint chips, and potsherds were found; also
two flint implements at surface.
Bettisworth 2? locates several mound groups near Cedar Rapids.
The list is as follows:
Group. Location. ee
i. NeW. 4 °S.-W. % Sec. 35, Twp. 83,R. 7. ge
oe _% rs r. A ao Toe EWP ose 7: 14.
a: S. % N.-W. 4% 46, Twp. 83, Rz-4: ae
4. N.-W. YN. f. A SCC. 17, 9L wp: 33, Re 7. ce
& N. % N.-W. 4% aes 20, Twp. 83, R. 7. Ele
6. E. % Sec. 18, Twp. 83, R. 7. Lf.
rp Werte sec. 35, Ewp: 03,07: ne
8. N.-W. 4% N.-W. ¥Y Sec. 24, Twp. 33, R. 7. 12.)
Group 1 is situated upon a divide crest running north and
south; the mounds are about 30 feet in diameter and 3 feet high;
usually they are separated by about two diameters; counting
from the south, numbers 6 and 7 are nearer together. Groups
2, 3, 5, and 6 are quite similar tor. Group 4 is on a bottom
instead of upon a divide. In group 7 there are eight mounds in
line, then a valley, and then three more mounds on the next
88 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Linn County— Continued.
ridge north. Group 8 comprises twelve mounds on the crest of
a divide passing around the head of a ravine; the line follows
the curve of the divide.
Louisa CouNTY.
Gass © states that groups of mounds are thickly scattered
along the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi Bottom for many
miles. Quite extensive investigations have been carried on in
Grandview Township by Gass and Blumer. 73 The descriptions
lack definiteness; a carefully made map of the district is desirable.
Sec. rt (Wagner Farm). Gass 7! locates here a group of thirty-
six mounds; the largest are 6 feet high. Many had been pre-
viously opened with no results ; he opened seven.
(a). At 6 feet down an ash-bed was found, with fragments of
pottery and two implements of igneous rock.
(6). The largest of the group; at 6 feet down, on the east
side, was a large piece of limestone with a few pieces of pottery
upon it, with an arrow-head, and a clay figure of a human head
an inch in diameter and showing action of fire; on the west side
was a piece of limestone with a small stone axe and a discoidal
stone near it. In the other five nothing was found.
Sec. 73. Gass 7* explored two mounds in this section; they
were about 4 feet in height.
(a). Bed of ashes containing bits of pottery and flints was found.
(4). Yielded potsherds.
A group of ten or more mounds occurs in the north-east cor-
ner of the north-west quarter of the section, on Viblen’s Farm.
Gass §3 explored four of these with some result:
(a). Thirty feet in diameter; 3 feet high. At 3 feet down
some bones were found.
(4). Fifteen feet distant from (a); 30 feet in diameter; 2%
feet high. At 2% feet down were one arm-bone and one leg-
bone.
(c). Oval; 15 feet by 30 feet. At 3 feet down were two
skeletons in clay.
(2). Twenty-five feet in diameter; 2% feet high. A few
decayed bones were found.
Kallenberger had opened six others of the group without find-
ing anything of interest.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCH OLOGY OF IOWA. 89
Louisa County— Continued.
Sec. 73 (S.-W. 4%). Gass ® describes here three mounds,
which are numbered by him as a northward continuation of a
group in Sec. 24. They are one and one-half miles north of
those.
NVo. 8. Three hundred yards from the edge of a bluff in the
centre of a number of smaller ones; it is 80 feet in diameter and
6 feet high; the upper covering is of mixed soil; at 6 feet were
three horizontally-placed skeletons, one with the head toward the
east, the others with head west; the skulls were badly decayed;
south of these were ashes and coals, with burned clay and flint
fragments ; no relics.
WVo. 9. On Gast farm, one-eighth mile south of No. 8, in
the N.-W. 4% N.-W. ¥ Sec. 24. It measured about 80 feet in
diameter and 6 feet in height; it was isolated, at two hundred
yards from the edge of the bluff; at 6 feet down were ashes and
charcoal, 7! also two arrow-heads.®
Vo. ro (N.-E. 4% N.-W. ¥ Sec. 24). On the Godfrey Farm ;
two hundred yards from No. 9g, at the edge of a bluff overlooking
the valley of the Mississippi; 25 feet in diameter; 4 feet high.
At 1 foot a mass of decayed bones forming a bed 5 or 6 feet
across and 3% feet thick; 7! also ® emitting a stench. ©
Sec. r4 (S.-E. 4%). On the bluff facing and overlooking the
Mississippi River, one-fourth mile back from the edge of the bluff,
Gass 7° describes two earth-walls from ravine to ravine; the south-
ern wall is 24 rods long; the northern one is 21 rods; the south
wall is now 6 feet high, and the ditch on its north side is 20 feet
wide and 5 feet deep; the north wall is 5 feet high, and on its
north side is a ditch 12 feet wide and 5 feet deep. The ravines
are steep-sided and are too feet or more deep; on the ravine
slope, near the top, at three rods south of the south wall, is a
circular excavation nearly too feet in diameter and 15 to 20 feet
deep, partly excavated, partly on down-side built up; at the lower
end is a passage-way through the wall, of doubtful antiquity. At
the bottom of the ravine to the west are two springs, the north
one pure and cold, the south one sulphureous ; the area is over-
grown with large trees.
This locality may be the one referred to by Stevenson." He
speaks of a group of twenty-five or thirty mounds arranged appa-
go DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Louisa County— Continued.
rently in parallel lines, the whole being in a plot twenty-five or
thirty rods in diameter. It is at the south of Muscatine slough.
From this group an earthwork or causeway extended west to an-
other row of mounds about forty rods distant. This earthwork
runs in a straight line, but it has a jog or break in it where is
found a depression in the ground about 80 feet in diameter. The
ends of these two lines are about a rod apart, but both walls fol-
low the same direction.
Sec. 24(N.-E. 4 N.-W. 4%). Godfrey Farm; mounds opened
here at different times by Gass; 7! two, about 4 feet high—
(a). At 4 feet a horizontally-placed skeleton, with the head
west; a small flint knife was obtained here.
(6). Twenty-four paces south of the preceding; at 2 feet
down was a bed of ashes 1 foot thick; the clay above it was
burned ; in the ash-bed were several small, white stones, like un-
finished pipes, which crumbled ; they were apparently limestone.
Two other mounds yielded a sandstone bird pipe, a copper axe,
and a large copper bead.
Sec. 24 (S.-E. 4 N.-W. 4%). On the Schleicher Farm; Gass®
opened two mounds.
NVo. r. About 75 feet in diameter; 4 feet high; at 4 feet
depth were two leg-bones and fragments of pottery and flints.
NVo. 2. Thirty-five feet south of last; 50 feet in diameter ;
3% feet high; yielded a few bones.
NVo. 3. On Godfrey Farm, thirty feet south of Wo. 70; 30
feet in diameter ; 3 feet high; at 3 feet down were two skeletons.
Vo. 4. Thirty-five feet north of No. 2 (2); 30 feet in diam-
eter; at 134 feet deep the earth became a burned clay; at 1%
feet deeper it was a soft brick-like material; below this was an ash-
bed of oval form, 4 feet by 5 % feet, 11 inches thick; near the
centre of this bed was a small copper axe showing action of fire ;
no bones.
Vo. 5. Thirty-six feet north from last; 30 feet in diameter;
3 feet high; at 4 feet depth were human bones, broken pottery,
flint implements.
No. 6. Forty-six feet from the last; 30 feet in diameter; 3
feet high; at 3 feet down a few bones.
Vo. 7. Forty-five feet north-west, on Rothrock Farm; 100
“as
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. gti
Louisa County— Continued.
feet in diameter; 6 feet high; at 2 feet down were three badly
decayed (intrusive?) skeletons; on the south side were two skel-
etons, male and female, heads west and east respectively, and feet
meeting at the centre. The material for 6 feet was mixed black
earth and clay.
Sec. 24 (N.-W. ¥ S.-E. 4%). Group of six mounds in cres-
cent, on prominent point of bluff; west of the group is a field
containing hundreds of mounds. ‘Two of the group are partic-
ularly mentioned by Gass.®3
(a). The southernmost of the group, in the extreme north-
west corner of the S.-E. 4% of the section. It is about 1oo feet
in diameter and 8 feet in height; for 6 feet—‘down to original
soil’’—it consists of mixed earth with flint fragments; next a
layer 1% feet thick of clay and sand, in which was a flint knife
and a perforator; below this were four skeletons with heads west,
and some bones and skull fragments; near the second skeleton
was a dark red stone pipe and a small copper axe; another exca-
vation on the east side yielded two skeletons, with two pipes near
the skulls, a portion of the bones of a child, and a few copper
beads.
(6). Forty-five feet north-east of the last; 45 feet in diame-
ter; 3% feet high; at 4 feet down were three badly decayed
skeletons with heads toward the west; fragments of flint and pot-
tery were found. ‘These two mounds were excavated by Mr.
Kallenberger. .
Sec. 25 (S.-W. 4 N.-E. %). Blumer 23 reports regarding
the mounds at the extreme edge of the prominent point of the
bluff; ravines open intu the valley at either side.
No. r. It isa flattened cone, 30 feet in diameter and 3 feet
high; the first 114 feet were of hard clay showing here and there
fire action; next came a layer of hard red burned clay, oval in
form, 5 feet in shorter diameter, 3 feet thick at centre, diminish-
ing to 3 inches at the edges; then came a body of ashes, 13 inches
thick at middle and diminishing outward to the edges; in this
bed, a few inches from the bottom, were a part of a carved stone
bird pipe, a small copper axe, and an elephant pipe. )
No. 2. Farm of P. Haas, fifty yards west of No. 1, in the
second row of the group, extending north and south, approxi-
g2
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Louisa County—Continued.
mately parallel to the edge of the bluff; the mounds about here
are arranged in several somewhat irregular rows, all running the
same way. This mound is 15 feet in diameter, and 1% feet high;
it was of mixed earth to a depth of 3 feet, where was natural
yellow clay; at bottom were parts of a badly decayed human
skeleton and some splinters of flint.
NVo. 3. Close to bluff-edge in first row, at fifty yards south of
No. 7, 20 feet in diameter; 2 feet high; at 2 feet from top was
an excavation into the natural soil, 144 feet in diameter and 2
feet deep, full of ashes and charcoal.
No. 4. Fifty yards south of Vo. 5, with a diameter of 25 feet,
it has a height of 3 feet. It consisted of mixed soil for 3 feet, and
then of a hard layer of white clay eight inches thick.
Vo. 5. Ten yards west of Vo. g, and in the second row; it
is 25 feet in diameter and 314 feet high; it consisted for 2% feet
of mixed soil resting on white clay 11 to 15 inches thick; below
this but to one side of the middle was a small quantity of ashes and
charcoal; in the centre at 2 feet or so down was a sitting skele-
ton; no relics.
No. 6. At nine yards north from JVo. 5, in the second row;
it measured 20 feet in diameter and 21% feet high; it consisted of
a mixture of common soil resting on hard natural clay; a few
fragments of decayed bones were found, but no relics.
Numbers 4 to 6 are on Stoddard’s farm. ‘The rest of this
series are probably on Haas’ farm.
No. 7. Sixty rods north from last, on the second row; 15
feet in diameter; 1% feet high; composed of soil like Vo. 6.
No bone fragments and no relics.———— Gass °3 speaks of eight
mounds in this quarter-section, and enumerates as relics from
them a plain red pipestone pipe, a few shell beads, an obsidian
arrow-head, a number of flint implements.
At Blackhawk, opposite Mercer County, Illinois, near the
Mississippi River, on a high bluff facing New Boston, are seven
or eight mounds, the largest in this part of the West. They are
4 to 5 rods in diameter, and 12 to 15 feet high; one yielded
numerous partly decayed bones, also pottery, flint implements,
and flint clippings. On the high level plain back of the mounds
was an old embankment enclosing some 5 or 6 acres; it is now
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHEOLOGY OF IOWA. 93
Louisa County— Continued.
nearly gone, but potsherds, flint chips and flint implements are
picked up within its area; the pottery paste is of river mud
mixed with pounded fresh-water shells (Shaw 157). Probably the
following description by Stevenson 13° refers to this same locality.
He describes it as in the vicinity of Toolesboro:
*¢A raised circular earthwork; it resembles a horseshoe. ‘The
open part abuts upon the edge of the bluff among a group of
mounds. The surface and soil are covered or supplied with an
immense quantity of broken pottery and flint chips and imple-
ments. These last are nearly all small, uniform in shape and
size; they are like a half-cone in form and are 1% inches long,
34-inch wide at broadest part, 3g-inch thick at thickest’? Ap-
parently ‘‘the circular enclosure of 10 acres’’ mentioned by
Alexander. ?
This work is also described by Toole '79 and by the Davenport
party. The latter give considerable detail, thus: One-fourth
mile north-west of these mounds was an earthwork enclosing some
I5 Or 20 acres; octagonal in form, the sides are curved and the
inner edge is circular; the embankment, once about 2 feet high,
is now nearly obliterated; the area is strewn with flint chips and
potsherds; in a few hours fifty or more flint implements were
found, among them a few arrow-heads ; most, however, were well
worked, plano-convex objects, from 1 to 2 inches long, about half
as wide and ¥-inch thick, rounded at each end but with one
more tapering than the other, even bluntly pointed at times; (the
form is somewhat like a flat-iron without a handle). The pottery
from this site is unlike that from the mounds; it is grayer, and
composed of mixed earth and shell; broken handles are common.
Remains somewhat like stone walls also occur. 138
Three miles south of Zooleshoro, near Iowa River, are outlines of
three ancient structures in which stones were used. The material
was granite bowlders from the river below. ‘There were five or
six such structures in a line, nearly parallel to the river bank,
about twenty feet from it, about 6 feet square and some 20 feet
apart. Few stones are left; the best preserved showed evidences
of fire upon being opened; the bottom was rather dark and ~
burned almost to brick for 2 inches in depth; a double row of
slight depressions, less than two feet deep, alternate with these
[Proo. D. A. N.8., Vou. VI.] 12 {April 25, 1895. ]
of
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Louisa County — Continued.
remains; in some were charcoal, flint chips, and split and broken
bones of animals.138
Toolesboro. Parties from the Davenport Academy 127) 204, 205
explored a group (@) of mounds on the edge of the bluff overlook-
ing the Iowa River bottom two and one-half miles from its mouth.
Three-quarters of a mile south is another group of six or seven
mounds (4).
(a). Mounds from 4o to 80 feet diameter and from 6 to ro
feet in height, composed of a hard mixture of clay and black soil,
both of local origin. They are burial mounds but the bones con-
tained in them were not numerous and were poorly preserved.
Most of them contained oak logs 6 to 8 inches in diameter placed
at or near the bottom of the mound and much decayed; the bones
were most frequently immediately beneath these. Some mounds
were opened. In Jo. 7 a few flint chips and scattered human
bones were found. In Jo. 2 the decayed wood was found at
depths of 6 to 9 feet. The logs showed no arrangement; but
skeletons were found more frequently below them than elsewhere.
Portions of skeletons (including a child’s skull) were found, all
too badly decayed to be of use. Near one skull was a neatly
carved pipe of gray pipestone representing a bird, with eyes of
pure copper; also a copper awl about six inches long, hammered
square instead of round and bent at right angles and flattened
near one end. Mound Jo. 3 was opened fully. It was com-
posed of mixed earth; the large sticks of wood were found near
the base in positions showing no arrangement. ‘There were many
irregular layers of about A, inch thickness looking like white
ashes ; such were usually found in contact with the wood on the
under side. The mound was built of firm, hard, light-colored
clay, apparently the original earth of the locality stripped of its
black soil. A layer of tough yellow clay about an inch thick was
placed upon this. The bones, implements, etc., were directly
upon this layer. No such clay layer was in Vo. z or Vo. 2. Two
or three very fragile skeletons were here; a large marine shell—
Cassis madagascarensis— Vx 10% inches, holding about 5%
pints and cut out to serve as a vessel; with it and near one skull
were parts of four earthen vessels; these were crushed or fragile.
They had contained river shells. A few feet from this was an-
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. 95
Louisa County— Continued.
other skull and other portions of the skeleton. Near the head, as
if laid upon the chest, was a smoothly-wrought copper axe, show-
ing impressions and traces of cloth; some two hundred poorly-
preserved beads of shell and some pearls were about the head and
in the skull; a few feet away were two carved stone bird pipes,
one of red pipestone with pearl eyes; close by were two more
copper axes.
No. 4. Another copper axe, a copper awl, and several small
sandstone implements were found in a mound on the bluff by Mr.
Freeman; they were exposed by washing away of the bank. An
arrow-head of flint was found in each of these mounds where any
other relics were found.
No. 5, on Mrs. Mallory’s property,?°5 was explored in 1866.
Probably its original height was 8 to ro feet. It was composed
of very hard mixed earth, with minute bits of charcoal scattered
through it; at 4 feet 4 inches down was an evenly spread layer of
quite clean yellow clay % to 1 inch thick; this was slightly be-
low the original surface. At half-way down a small rough chert
knife or scraper was found; at the west end were poorly-preserved
human bones, including a frontal bone of remarkably low and
brutal character; here also was a much broken turtle shell. At
the middle of the mound was a finely made plain gray pipestone
pipe ; no remains were near it. The clay floor was found to stop
(on the west and south?) along a sharply defined diagonal line.
In the part of the mound beyond it was a grave, 20 inches or so
deep, containing a much decayed adult skeleton with its head to
the north-west, and some child bones; another adult skeleton lay
at right angles to the first; the grave pit containing these was ir-
regular in form, measuring 8 feet along the south-west side, 7 feet
on the north-west, and 6 feet and 5 feet along the others.
No. 7 2°5 was symmetrical, one of the largest of the group; cir-
cular, with a diameter of 85 feet; the height, reduced by cultiva-
tion, was about ro feet. The excavations brought to light about
500 square feet of the base. The construction showed that a floor
of light-yellow sandy clay had been laid upon the original sub-
soil of pure clay. The mound was raised upon this to a height
of about 4 feet when it was covered—at least on its south half—
with logs of oak irregularly laid on. Some white ash-like mate-
96
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Louisa County — Continued.
rial is found in this part though there is no charcoal or other evi-
dence of fire. On the north side the logs are lacking, but there
is a thin layer of pure clay. The material of the mound above
this layer of wood and clay was a very compact stiff clay loam,
with scattered patches of purer clay. In the northern part some
flint chips were found. About midway of the trench and two
feet from the floor some human bones were found (two femurs, a
clavicle, several bones of the left forearm and hand) all ina heap,
and with them a small worked flint. Several feet west of the
trench a copper awl was found standing upright and firmly im-
bedded in the clay base. ‘Two feet beyond this and to the south
(?) were found four copper axes, two curved base pipes (one cyl-
indrical bowl was of calcite, the other of catlinite, hawk-shaped,
with pearl eyes), a large block of mica in loose sheets, a second
awl, acrushed skull with skeleton attached. Under this skull one
of the axes lay, wrapped in a covering of cloth and bark. An-
other copper axe lay under the left shoulder of the skeleton, and
many dull and fragile beads of shell and pearl were taken from
the region of the neck and chest. Further excavation in this
same mound revealed an adult skeleton, male, with face up and
head to the north-west; close by the right side, with head on the
level with the shoulders of the larger skeleton, was the skeleton
of a child of ten years. Beyond it was a third copper awl ; about
the legs and feet were shell beads. ‘Three more copper awls
pierced the floor and stood upright in a line, from 18 inches to
36 inches from the feet of the skeletons ; the awls were about two
feet apart; these awls were from 4 to 7 inches long, hammered
square except at lower pointed end; they are turned abruptly at
the top; their diameter is about %-inch. They may have served
to peg or pin down askin or cloth covering placed over the dead.
The hard floor appears to have been basin-shaped.
Vo. 8. ‘Two hundred feet west of Vo. 7; this was the largest
of the group. It has been used by white men as a building site.
It has a diameter of 140 feet; a height of 11 feet. At 9 feet down
was a floor of yellow clay %-inch thick, laid upon the original
black loam surface; just above this clay floor was black earth.
Parts of four much decomposed skeletons were found, but no
relics.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCH/ZOLOGY OF IOWA. 97
Louisa County—Continued.
Four other mounds here were opened by Toolesboro gentle-
men in 1875. ‘They were situated on the edge of a bluff; the re-
gion was covered with a growth of oak. The farm was owned by
Mr. J. J. Parsons. The structure was much as in those already
described.
(a). Largest of those opened ; 40 feet in diameter, 8 feet high;
the bulk of the mound—r4o cubic yards—was removed ; at the
level of the natural surface was a thin layer of sand on which were
a large copper axe of 2% pounds weight and of unusual form, a
thin flat perforated bone implement, and several round stones ;
several skeletons also.
(6). Half as large as last; no floor layer. Five copper awls,
one flat-sided square-edged axe, a carved pipe of mottled red pipe-
stone, representing a panther or lynx, several flint arrows, a large
lump of galena.
(c). Small mound; considerable quantity of broken pottery,
a number of pieces of elk (?) horn several inches in length, 1%
inch in diameter, and rounded over one end as if used for pestles.
(d@). 25x50 feet in diameter; 5 to 6 feet high; quantity of
human bones at 21% to 6 feet deep; all crumbling. An unfin-
ished pipe of soft whitish stone; several horn implements like
those from ¢c. One of a group on the other side of the village
back from the bluff, opened in 1880 by Hindman.?% It was 30
feet in diameter; 3 feet high. A skeleton, two earthen vessels,
(one near the head, the other opposite the middle of the body)
badly crushed, lay at its right; the one near the head contained
ashes and earth ; a foot above the head a large piece of mica and a
piece of obsidian (two pounds weight), were found near the centre
of the mound at the same level with the skeleton.
Stevenson also mentions investigation here.‘ Two compan-
ion mounds excavated ; out of line and away from bluff some forty
rods. They were about 4o feet diameter and 5 feet or more high.
In one (@) a copper celt among fragments of bones, char-
coal, and a decayed mass of wood ; it was 51% inches long, from
7% to 244 inches wide, and 54 inch thick; weight 1 pound.
On a level with the axe but 8 feet from it a beautiful earthen pot,
5 inches deep and 6 inches diameter, with rounded base. Close
to it a miniature pot in bad condition. Near the vessels, many
98 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Louisa County — Continued.
fragments of bone and teeth, and beneath them charcoal and flint
chips. In the other mound (0) at about 6 feet depth, a fragment
of sheet copper weighing 260 gr. It was 4% inches long, 2 inches
wide, and about the thickness of ordinary tin. It was slightly
curved and found in the bottom of the mound lying in puddled
clay. This bottom was dish-shaped, rounding up at the edge, 1
foot deep and 6 or 8 feet across. It lay below the original sur-
face.
Gass 7' mentions a tablet found in a Toolesboro mound by
Mr. Potter; it was taken from a depth of 13 feet where it lay on
a small pile of bones; it is made of white sandstone, 2 feet by 3
feet, and 3 inches thick, is rounded at corners and bears some old
signs or pictures on one side; some English letters have been re-
cently added.
The second ‘‘Elephant pipe’’ in the Academy’s collection
came from Louisa County and was found by Peter Mare in his
cornfield. 42
The material regarding the Toolesboro mounds is somewhat
confused. Numbers 1 to 4 of the group A are so numbered for
convenience here and may not have been so numbered by the
original investigators.
Lyon County.
Thomas 174 cites Wakefield as to mounds on sections 73 and
24, Twp. 100 N., R. 49 W., and Fulton 59 speaks of mounds with
circular terraces, 15 to 20 feet in elevation, and of remains of re-
doubts and breastworks.——— More definite is the work of Starr
and Lewis.
The former *67 describes mounds and stone circles a mile be-
yond Brown’s Station (La Valley) near the Little Sioux River
and close to the Dakota line. The mounds are mostly round, 30
to 50 feet in diameter, 3 to 8 feet high; a few are oval and larger.
On the summit of the ridge are stone circles or ellipses made with
some care with bowlders. Some mounds lie among the bowlder
circles but most are outside the circle-bearing area. ‘The whole
ridge top is strewn with flint-flakes, arrow-heads, scrapers, pot-
sherds, etc. Good stone mauls are not uncommon. White and
Starr opened two mounds. Vo. 7 was of hard gravel with patches
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 99
Lyon County— Continued. _
of ashes. At 2 feet down wasa skeleton with head to the north;
the bones were well preserved; no relics found.
Vo. 2. Above was gravel; then black soil; then ashes and
black soil; lastly gravel. Some fragments of bones and potsherds
were in the black soil and the ashes and black soil Two
other mounds previously opened by Nash and Cotton lay on south
side of railroad.
No. 3. Ona lofty ridge; two adult and one child skeletons ;
also the bones of a horse; also a pipe here. Lower down was an
adult skeleton, with a dog’s skeleton wrapped in buckskin; here
were six iron bracelets, fifteen feet of wampum, a grinding stone,
and ared pipestone disk pipe. The skeleton had copper ear orn-
aments the oxydation of which had preserved the skin and hair in
contact with them. This mound was within a stone-circle.
No. 4. Yielded a finely made discoidal stone, an arrow-head,
a small maul of reddish granitic rock, part of a jar, and some hard
bone fragments. Two lines of stones, six or seven feet apart,
crossed the ends of this mound. The discoidal stone is of fine-
grained, dark material, beautifully polished; the two round faces
are concave and the truly circular outer rim is convex ; the speci-
men is about 6 inches in diameter and is perforated by a central
hole of about half an inch in diameter; the thickness varies from
less than half an inch at the inner edge to 1% inches at the thick-
est part. For fuller particulars re-
garding the stone circles see refer-
ences. 165: 167
Lewis §5 redescribes the bowlder
circles and rings described by Starr.
South of the track he men-
tions a large inclosure or fort, with low
walls. Within are wo circles though
there are some without.———— Less
than a mile north of this locality is
another, where stone circles formerly
ey existed. Many have disappeared. One
50 tC. part circle being visible the rest was
FIG. 17. dug out from the soil which had cov-
ered it. This one was 33 feet diameter. In another paper
100 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Lyon County — Continued.
the same author gives further particulars. *7 He states that the
mounds north of the railroad number one hundred and five and
that one of them is a rude effigy, which measures 55% feet
in greatest length and 21% feet in height (Fig.17). He also de-
scribes the enclosure south of the track more fully. It encloses an
area of about 15 acres; the walls are from 1% to 2 feet high and
average 18 feet in width; the fort was built after the mounds and
seven of these are within or about the fort.
Marion COuNTY.
Robinson mentions mounds in the county. Kimberling 19 ex-
amined mounds at Avoxville. ‘They occur in groups of five to
ten ina straight line ora circle and always on bluffs or highland ;
in one case there was a raised way some 20 rods long, 8 or ro feet
wide, and 1 foot high, leading to an abrupt bluff. The mound
structure is described thus: ‘‘2 feet of soil; 16 inches of hard
baked clay, ashes and charcoal; 5 feet below the clay layer, a
hearth, 2 feet by 4 feet and 10 inches deep, full of ashes and char-
coal; the walls of ‘the furnace’ were glazed by heat; the arch
is 12 feet in diameter and its height such that a tall man might
stand underit. In the centre of the mound was a piece of cement
with a crushed human skull below it.’’
MiLis County.
Dean 4 and Proudfit 13°: 139 14° 14 have made considerable in-
vestigations. Mounds and lodge circles are common on the loéss
bluffs of the Missouri River. The mounds are usually small, sim-
ple, conical, from 20 to roo feet in diameter and from 2 to 15 feet
high ; they yield an occasional chip of flint or fragment of pot-
tery; they are almost always associated with lodge circles.
These last are circular excavations from 20 to 60 feet in diameter,
with a present depth of 5 feet to 4 feet; the original floor was the
bluff clay; this often lies buried under 2 feet of black soil; the
soil removed in excavation is sometimes piled up in a ring, still
remaining as a wall along the outer edge; in one case an oak
stump 18 inches in diameter was found in the centre of the lodge
circle; these circles are usually on a divide, sometimes on a south
slope. A single lodge is an exception; usually they occur in
groups.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. IOL
Mitts County— Continued.
Oak Township, S.-E. corner S.-W, Sec. 8, Twp. 73 N., R.
43 W., Allis Farm, on a spur of the bluffs, fifty feet above the
plain, some four hundred feet north of a deep ravine, is a group
of five lodge circles. The depressions are fairly marked, vary
from 20 feet to 30 feet in diameter, and, although considerably
filled, from 1% feet to 2 feet deep. The ground about is strewn
with chips, sherds, and occasional arrow-heads, knives, etc.; frag-
ments of an arrow-straightener of sandstone, some paint stones
and some mussel-shells were also found.—— On the site of an-
other lodge, south of the ravine, was a catlinite pipe.
One mile west of Glenwood, partly on the T. D. Tipton farm,
is a series of seven lodge circles extending along a crescentic
ridge for three-fourths of a mile. With these isa mound. This is
located five and a half miles south and two miles east of the preced-
ing locality, near N.-W. corner, N.-W. ¥ S.-E. 4, Sec. 10, Twp.
72 N., R. 43 W. The bluff is 300 feet high and overlooks the
surrounding country in every direction. The mound is elliptical
at base, measures 70 feet from north to south and 4o feet from
east to west; it is composed of local material taken from a spot
about 125 feet to the south, where there is a depression 35 feet
square and 5 feet deep. At 7 feet from the top was found a layer
of ashes half an inch thick; then came a layer of stones from 2
inches to 11 inches thick and weighing from 20 to 30 pounds;
(these were probably brought eight miles from across the river) ;
this layer of stones was probably placed upon the original surface
and the mound then heaped over it to a height of 6 feet; an ear-
lier exploration found a second layer of stones at that height and
the original mound perhaps was several feet higher than that.
No implements, bones, or traces of fire were found in the mound.
A few flint chips and a iarge implement, perhaps for agri-
cultural purposes, were found near by.— Trenching across the
lodge circles showed, in one case, black soil 3% feet deep over
the floor; in a second case 2 feet of black soil. In both cases
potsherds, charcoal, and flint chips were found and in the latter,
at the centre, a conical heap of burned earth in which was a large
vessel of pottery, which was broken in the excavation.
One-half mile south of Glenwood, on the fair-grounds, are
four still distinct lodge-circles; they are situated upon a flat,
[Proc. D. A. N.S§., Vou. VI.]J 13 [May 9, 1895.]
102
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
MILLs County— Continued.
enclosed on three sides by heights and opening to the south upon
Keg Creek. Potsherds are abundant over the area, and arrow-
heads, drills, scrapers, celts and a ‘‘turtle-back’’ were found; the
arrow-heads were small but well made.——— On the crest of the
south end of the encircling ridges is an ancient workshop ; the
place is strewn with flint chips and potsherds; at the base of the
hill were found a drilled tooth for a bead, a bone implement, mus-
sel-shells, bones, and worked flints.———On the west bank of
the stream, a little east of the group of circles, was a pottery fac-
tory; great numbers of fragments occur here together with pieces
of tempering stone.———— The pottery of the district is rude,
made of clay tempered with pounded stones; ornamentation
consists of curved lines, indentations, checker-work, cob-marking
and circle marks.
Half a mile east of the Tipton mound is another unopened
mound, with a group of three or four circles about it.
North and west of Glenwood about four miles, on the old Pacific
City road, is a low mound with accompanying lodge circles.
Five miles north of Glenwood, on the Glenwood and St. Mary’s
road, is a mound with several lodge circles.————Seven miles
north-west of Glenwood, at the head of Indian Hollow, is a group
of three small mounds and one lodge circle. ‘This locality is four
miles north of the Tipton mound.
East of Glenwood, at eight miles distance on Silver Creek are
several small mounds of little elevation upon a high ridge on the
east side of the creek near Lem’s Mill. One mound excavated
revealed great quantities of red burnt earth scattered through the
mound with an occasional lump of black earth and some char-
coal. No other relics. Indian graves occur on neighboring hills
and corn-pits were found here early.
Three miles north of Pacific City and four miles north-west of
the Tipton mound, upon a high divide, lies a mound roo feet by
70 feet and 15 feet high; composed of surface soil, with scattered
flint chips, charcoal and ashes in it, no results of interest came
from its excavation. A large lodge circle is located one hundred
yards south-west. A turtle-back celt is reported as found on the
bluffs five miles north of Pacific City ; large grooved implements
have been found at Glenwood. —— Of particular interest is the
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 103
Mitts County — Continued.
pottery vessel, entire but broken, found at 6 feet down in loéss at
Glenwood (Fig. 18). It is of dark gray clay tempered with
Fre. 18:
micaceous quartz. A few bits of burned clay and pottery were
found later at the same place.
Proudfit describes scrapers of flint (pink and white) well worn
by use or weather, found by him at foot of bluff, one mile above
the mouth of Indian Hollow, in a vertical face of exposure, 6 feet
below the surface.
Remains of “/ephas americanus have been found in the loéss
of Mills County at a railroad cut (C., B. & Q.) two miles south
of Glenwood and at Malvern, nine miles east of Glenwood.
This author believes that great physical changes have occurred
in the region since occupied by man.——He also mentions an
ancient trail running for many miles along the west crest of the
bluff which is, at times, worn deeply into the surface.
MuscaTINE COUNTY.
Pine Creek. (a). Group of six mounds, on a high ridge, two
miles above Pine Creek. Lindley 8° opened one composed of
yellow clay; in it were found river shells and charcoal, human
skeletons lying east and west, and forty-one beads.
(4). On slope of same ridge a group of mounds forming an’
irregular circle. One opened was about 15 feet high and roo feet
104 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
MuscaTINE County — Continued.
wide at base. Four feet below surface were two layers of flat
stones. Between two of these large stones and in a cavity of the
lower one was a large jet-black arrow-head. A broken skull was
found, with walls one-half inch thick; one leg-bone was notched
as if repeatedly struck with a sharp instrument.**
Witter 199 describes mounds in Montpelier Township, Sec. 22,
Wm. Lowry Farm; group of nine mounds on top of sharp ridge
running W. 10° N. One, probably the largest, opened; it was
seventy-two rods from the river’s low water edge, and ninety feet
above it. Mounds numbered from the west. No. 1 is down the
point, which slopes to the west to a creek about 40 rods distant.
From the centre of No. 1 to that of No. 2 is 3.2 rods. The rise be-
tween them is about 6 feet. From 2to3is1.5 rods. 2and 3 form
a sort of double mound. From 3 to 4 is 4 rods. No. 4 was the
mound opened. From 4 to 5 is 4 rods; from 5 to 6 is 4.5 rods;
from 6 to 7, 3.6; from 7 to 8, 2.5, and from 8 to g is 6.5 rods.
From No. 6 the mounds diminish almost to invisibility. No. 4 is
about 70 feet diameter and 7 feet high (8 feet to undisturbed bot-
tom). Graded down by scraper for about 3 or 4 feet. At 5 feet
a quantity of flat, argillaceous limestone, averaging perhaps 10
inches in each direction. These were set on edge and in a circle,
although one-third or one-half the circle on the north was wanting.
This circle was 8 to 10 feet diameter and apparently surrounded
the centre of the mound. ‘The stones were nearly all at the same
depth and appeared to be collected in little groups a foot or so
apart. Sticks of charred wood, two feet or more in length and
three or four inches in diameter, with some pieces apparently of
oak trees a foot or more in diameter, were with the stones on the
south side, and some of the stones were burned red with the char-
coal lying on them. Near the stones and apparently forming a
circle was a red material three or four inches thick and about the
same in depth (apparently burned stone). Charcoal was com-
mon, flint chips scarce. A little inside the circle of stones and
perhaps a foot below were these relics: two large marine shells,
Sycotypus perversus, one-half of the last whorl of each. ‘These are
each 9.5 inches long with spire wanting. Their diameters are 6
and 5.5 inches. Nearly one entire whorl was found close to one
shell, apparently part of another shell. (The shells were probably
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. Tos
MuscaTINE County — Continued.
four feet apart—lying horizontally.) One valve of zo? about a
foot from one of the sea-shells. A cluster of shell beads, globular,
three or four inches in diameter and containing 200 to 300 beads;
badly decayed; they vary from 34 x 4 inchtoY% x Y%. Two feet
from one sea-shell and four from the other were two vessels, round,
with round bottom. (1). Uniformly % inch thickness; thicker
at rim; firm, fine clay, mica, and shell fragments; no sand;
many minute cavities; dark in color; somewhat polished on ex-
terior; neck smooth; rest of surface with V ornamentation. In-
side measures: at top, 3.75; 4 inch down, 3.25; 2% inches
down, 5.4; 5 inches deep; capacity 1 quart.
(2). Coarser, more fragile; from 1% to ¥ inch thick. Red-
dish clay and crushed granite; no shells; not porous; grains of
quartz and feldspar (?); light red; blackish near top. Plain;
5.25 inches at rim; 6 inches at 3 inches down; 6.5 inches deep ;
tapers below like small end of egg; capacity 2 quarts.
(3). Fragments of a third; red clay, sand and shell; better
than (2); some indentation ornament. Human teeth were taken
from two points at about the same depth as the relics. Appar-
ently from two individuals, 8 to ro feet apart. Two teeth are in
the posterior part of the right side of the lower jaw.
Davenport parties excavated a mound in the Lowry farm
group in 1875. Considerable charcoal was scattered throughout
the earth of which the mound was composed; _ no ashes were seen ;
at 7 feet down was a part of the forward portion of a human skull
from which at least seven vondel/es had been cut; the bone was
well preserved. No other objects were found except scattered
fragments of bones within 2 or 3 feet of the surface, and a single
small shell bead at 6 feet down.
(c). One-half mile below Pine Creek a group of about fifteen
mounds on a high ridge. One of them is nearly 20 feet high.
North of it are two elongated mounds about 4 feet high, 5 feet
wide and twenty feet long. One conical mound yielded, at about
2 feet depth, two-thirds of an earthen vase; at 14 feet, remains of
six persons. The bodies had been arranged radiatingly, feet in-
ward, about a large sea-shell— Cassis madagascarensis.°8
Harrison 74 examined these, opening the second one in size;
it was circular, 50 feet in diameter, 9 feet high; it was composed
106 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
MuscaTINE County — Continued.
of light clay mixed with dark earth; from 6 feet depth downward
were ashes scattered through the mass, and burned clay here and
there. An ash bed of irregular form and varying thickness,
dividing into two branches at about the centre of the mound was
found at 9 feet down; this rested upon the natural soil; scattered
pieces of sandstone, some showing signs of burning, lay above
this bed; no charcoal was found; only one relic—a piece of
worked bone 4 inches long, %-inch wide, ¥f -inch thick.
Stevenson "8 states that from a point near Drury’s Landing, a
few miles east of Muscatine, to a point near Toolesboro and New
Boston, a distance of some twenty miles, mounds occur on all the
higher points; the groups contain from 2 to 100 or more mounds
‘from 15 to 150 feet in diameter and from 2 to 15 feet high. He
estimates that there are 2,500 mounds in this area in the two
States of Iowa and Illinois ———Near the limits of Muscatine
itself he claims fifty mounds and long earthworks.——— Nine
out of ten of the works in this vicinity are circular mounds; the
long ones are from 6 to 20 feet in length and 5 feet wide and are
placed end to end with a gap of 5 feet between. They are made
of local material; those on the ridges of clay and sand, those on
Muscatine Island of sand and gravel. Sometimes they show evi-
dence of fire action.— A map of groups is given and some
notes of explanation:
Group r. Containing 20 mounds of which ro were opened
with no result except an occasional bit of charcoal or a fragment
of a shell.
Group 2. One skeleton, badly preserved, in a horizontal posi-
tion, and small potsherds.
Group 3. On the bluffs, overlooking Whiskey Hollow. One
badly decayed skeleton, with a stone axe weighing 2% pounds
under its head.
Group 4. On Muscatine Island; nearly leveled; pottery
fragments, small triangular arrows very similar in style, and flint
chips are strewn over the surface of the area.
The heads of skeletons here are almost always to the north.
Some mounds have a hard crust arch over the remains.
Witter "5 mentions an arrow-head and spear-head from the
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. 107
MuscaTINE County — Continued.
loéss at Muscatine; a piece of Evefhas tooth was found at the
same locality. Also 225 flint chips from loéss on Mad Creek.
On Schmale’s Farm below Muscatine Gass 7? examined a group
of five mounds 65 feet or so in diameter and from 5 feet to 8 feet
high.
(a). The westernmost; 5 feet high; at bottom were two hor-
izontal skeletons, with heads to the east and west; the bones were
badly preserved. Pieces of charcoal and pottery found.
(4). One skeleton.
(c). Eight feet high; at a depth of 7 feet was a pit 2 by 3 feet
and 1 foot deep, with human leg and arm-bones and skull frag-
ments.
(d). Six feet high; at 3 feet down were three skeletons cov-
ered with pieces of wood; at their sides were pieces of pottery
and marine shells.
(e). Smallest of the series; in it were a few human bones.
All were composed of very hard clay.
One mile west of the last group, on the Hershey farm, the
same writer describes a group of forty-six mounds in four con-
centric semi-circles ; all but two are simple conical mounds; one
is oval; one is long and narrow. They vary in height-from 2 to
6 feet. Twelve were explored, of which some were burial
mounds; there was seldom more than one skeleton present; the
bones were badly decayed; ashes and charcoal occurred in all;
a few arrow-heads and potsherds were found.
At the river close by relics from an old village site—potsherds,
flints, bones of animals and perhaps human beings constantly
wash out. They come from a depth of 2% feet, between the
black soil and the sand.
Stevenson 68 mentions eight or ten mounds in two parallel
lines on the Cedar River nine miles north of Muscatine.
Also at nine miles south-west from Muscatine on high bluffs—
Group G on the map—eleven mounds in a line along the bluff
edge. They are about twenty feet apart; consist of clay and
gravel, the lower part. mainly the latter. Seven were opened.
Most gave no objects. The largest yielded flint chips and char-
coal; in one, at 18 inches depth, was an intrusive burial, while 2
feet lower,was a skull above a stone axe.
108 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
MuscaTINE County — Continued.
Near Wyoming Hill Gass 39 describes a mound on a small area
of bottom land between and close to the confluence of two little
creeks, almost surrounded on every side by high bluffs, opening
in front toward the Mississippi River. The base is just above
high water mark. Ovalin form; long diameter nearly 200 feet ;
more than 30 feet height; it is small and rounded on top; thirty-
three layers of earth, clay, sand and gravel clearly defined; scat-
tered charcoal fragments, some large, through it. In the bottom
of the mound is an immense pile of slabs of sandstone, two or
three inches thick and several feet across, disposed in layers of
which, the bottom one resting on the clay extend almost to the
outer edge of the mound; the next smaller and so on for about
20 layers to about 8 feet in height, ending in a very broad, flat,
pyramidal form. Is this really artificial ?
POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY.
Council Bluffs. Two grooved axes, taken from bluff deposits
one eight feet below surface, one twelve feet, both near Council
Bluffs. Owned by Dr. Stillman.38
Stillman explored the bluff 114 miles north of Council Bluffs
on the Mynster Springs road where a cut had been made. An
opening about three feet across was driven into the bluff to a dis-
tance of four feet, and 5 feet below the soil surface. A large
fragment of an elk’s antlers; a shoulder-blade, fashioned into a
rude implement; fragments of bone; a pipe; a piece of deer
antler, 41% inches long, polished at one end; several flint scrap-
ers; potsherds; a charred corn-cob; several large mussel-shells ;
many fish-bones; several vertebrae; small bowlders showing fire
action; a stone paint mortar of rough red quartzyte, were
found.'!38 ‘This find was on the western face of the bluff, 40 feet
above the Missouri bottom, and not far from a lake that touches
the foot of the bluff just north of this point. Above the find
the bluff rises to a height of one hundred and fifty feet, with a
gradual slope to the crest.
South of this point, a half-mile or so nearer the city, is an
exposure at a brick yard. It is at the mouth of a hollow or wide
ravine, extending back into the hills for some distance. Here,
under from 6 to 8 feet of bluff deposit, are ash-heaps of consid-
erable size, with bones, mussel-shells and pottery. 138
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAZOLOGY OF IOWA. Iog
RINGGOLD CouUNTY.
Sac
Jordan, ®° in an unsatisfactory article, reports a copper cup
found in 1872 by Warner Ruby at Plum Creek, in Knowlton
Township; the specimen is now lost. A number of mounds are
reported in the neighborhood. ——‘“‘ Knowlton Mound”’ is
described as 500 feet long, 130 feet wide, and 15 feet high; it is
said to be serpentine on one side; near the centre black loam
nearly 6 feet deep is underlaid by a coarse yellow sand. A skel-
eton was removed from here some years ago. ‘The question of
the entirely artificial character of this mound is raised. ———_A
stone dam, the stones being regularly laid, causing a ‘‘ripple,’’ is
mentioned; it might well be natural (?).
County.
Negus ' mentions elliptical and circular mounds which yielded
no returns to the investigator near Sac City. White 193 examined
mounds on the ‘‘second bottom’’ well above the reach of river
floods. Eight mounds with no regular arrangement extend north-
east and south-west ; two of them are oval and six are circular ;
they vary from 50 feet to 96 feet in diameter, and from 2% to
3 feet high. No relics were found.
Scott CouNTY.
Pleasant Valley.— Ahrman 37 described a curious relic found
by him in digging a post-hole on an old village site, of material
resembling yellow clay, but hard as stone. Very smoothly carved
though rude and incomplete human form; 6 inches long; face
distinctly carved, foreénead flat, hands resting on chest, lower
limbs not carved out.———— Near the mouth of Duck Creek was
a mound with about fifteen interments. Tiffany ‘75 found two
lower jaws and the molar tooth of a bison.
The same explorer opened two mounds at G7/dert; one yielded
an arrow-head, the other an arrow-head and flint chips.78
East Davenport.— Churchill 3! reports a group of three mounds
on the edge of the bluff overlooking Camp McClellan; three
hundred yards from the southern line and thirty yards west of
the eastern boundary of the Russell estate in Davenport Town-
ship. The mounds are in a north-east and south-west line; they
are from thirteen to eighteen yards apart. The eastern one is
15 yards in diameter and 3 feet high; the central and western
[Proc. D. A. N.8., Vou. VI.] 14 [May 14, 1895.]
IIo DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Scotr County— Continued.
ones are about g yards in diameter and 2% feet high; they are
composed of earth, clay, and black soil, and are built upon the
original surface; they yielded no remains or relics. Black oaks
from 6 to 8 inches in diameter grow over the middle mound.
The shell-beds at East Davenport and on Rock Island, although
they have yielded a bone awl, stone axe, hammer-stones, an arrow-
head, etc., are believed by Pratt ‘3 to be natural formations made
at times of high water. He, however, makes exception in favor
of the one at the lower end of Rock Island, which is eighteen
feet above the high-water level, and is irregular in position and
thickness. ‘Tiffany has described it; from it came a skull and
human bones, as well as the point of an autler similar to speci-
mens from some mounds.
Davenport.— A copper implement found in excavation for a
gasometer, 400 feet north of the Mississippi River, at a depth of
11 feet, in a small fissure or depression in the Devonian rock.
The locality is 19% feet above low-water mark. ‘The strata here
are 2 feet black soil, 5 feet clay and sand, 2% feet pebbles and
bowlders (this probably continues to the rock). The implement
is pointed at both ends, tapering from the middle, and is 434
inches long and Y%-inch in diameter. Much oxydized.3¢
Near Davenport (Capt. Hall’s place). — Mound opened. Tif-
fany ‘78 found a copper axe covered with cloth, a stone pipe, four
arrow-heads, one worked bone, and a broken crock; also frag-
ments of obsidian, a lump of yellow ochre, flakes of mica, and
parts of two skeletons.3®
One mile below Davenport, on bank of Mississippi, bearing
north-east and south-west (Cook Farm) two hundred and fifty feet
from high water mark, though but 8 to 12 feet above it. 55
LVo. 1. Apparently double on surface; diameter 30 feet; height
4 or 5 feet. The structure presents a foot of earth; a layer of
stones, nicely joined, 11% feet; 2 inches of shells; a foot of earth;
shells 4 inches; under this, at 5 feet, five skeletons of adults, hor-
izontal, parallel, and near together. Three lay from east to west,
with skull of one on shoulder of next; the other two lay headed
west. With the last two were a large sea-shell (Pyrula perversa)
with axis and inner whorls removed; two copper axes, back to
back, covered with cloth; one copper awl, a flint arrow-head, two
pipes of stone—one frog, one plain.
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF IOWA. Itt
Scotr County— Continued.
WVo. 2. One hundred feet south-west of (1); like it extern-
ally. Inside, no layers of shells, but several layers of stone, with
a few scattered shells; at 5 feet eight skulls and some fragments
of bones; these were lying in a semicircle of five feet diameter
and each skull was surrounded by a circle of stones the size of a
small fist. The bodies had apparently been buried in a sitting
position. Two copper axes; two small copper hemispheres; also
one of silver; one bear canine; an arrow-head; red pigment;
(bones of small snake, intrusive,); two skull fragments.
No. 3. One hundred and twenty feet south-west of the last.
Largest of series. No layers of shells or stones. At 1% feet,
two adult skeletons, horizontal, covered with oak wood; with
glass beads, fire steel, clay pipe, silver ear-ring, femur and tibia
injured by some sharp instrument. These intrusive. Beneath them
at 6 feet, under thin layer of ashes, bones of two adults and of
one young infant, the latter covered with copper beads of several
sizes and shapes and dyed deep green, and surrounded by a circle
of small red stones arranged like the rays of the sun; five copper
axes, all more or less cloth-covered; two stone pipes—one plain
and one groundhog ; teeth drilled and polished, several bear ca-
nines, incisors of gnawers, etc., one beaver incisor, fragment arrow-
head; three broken pots with bones of river turtle adhering to
inside; two pieces of galena; yellow pigment.
In the second excavation of this mound by Mr. Gass in 1877
two tablets of bituminous slate bearing engraved designs were
found. These have caused much bitter discussion. Farquhar-
son 56 carefully described them in an interesting article. Other
writers, as Rust 49 and Seyffarth 156 discuss the meaning of the
inscriptions they bear. ‘Their authenticity has been questioned
by Thomas in various articles, notably in his final report on
mound exploration.?2 This is no place for a discussion of the
matter, but it is proper to state that the members of the Academy
generally have confidence in the genuineness of the specimens.
A third tablet, of limestone, bearing curious designs, was. found
in Mound rr of the group and has been described by Harrison.73
No. 4. Two hundred and fifty feet south-west of last; of
simple construction. At 6 feet, under a layer of 6 inches of
ashes, four adult skeletons lying close together ; one copper axe.
112 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Scorr County—Continued.
‘In the earth on which they lay, it could be distinctly seen that
they had been enveloped in cloth or some woven material, and at
a depth of four feet was a round heap or altar three feet high of
stones joined neatly together.”’
No. 5. One hundred feet west of No. 1. In construction like
No. 2; several strata of stones with loose shells between them.
At 5 feet, parts of two skeletons, above which was a 6-inch layer
of hard clay; at same level, three feet north-west, a round heap of
stones about 4 feet high. On this lay two very strong thigh-
bones and three ribs placed diagonally across each other. Also
a few bones leaning against the heap at one side. Stones show
fire traces and some are burned, but bones unburned. Some
charcoal by these stones. Four or five feet south, confused mass
of human bones. Still south 3 feet, under 6 inches of shells, two
broken pots, an arrow-head, a stone pipe, and some skeletons.
- Still south 4 feet, a skeleton lying east and west, and 6 :nches
above its skull a copper axe. Also animal teeth, incisors of ro-
dents, bear canine, and a vondel/e « inch in diameter.
No. 6. One hundred feet south-west of No. 5. Smaller and
lower than others; fewer stones, but more shells. At scarcely
3% feet depth, perhaps four skeletons. Only one lay with bones
in connection. ‘The others had them more or less separated.
Two broken pots, a stone pipe, a stone knife, an arrow-head.
No. 7. Out of line with rest. Fifty feet west of No. 6.
Small. A layer of stones and under it a thin layer of shells; 3%
feet below latter, much crumbled bones, two pots—one much
broken, one nearly entire,—some arrow-heads.
No. 8. Somewhat larger and higher than average; two hun-
dred feet west of No. 6. At 4% feet (stones, earth, shells,) two
skeletons, woman (?) and child; near together; east and west.
To right of the adult were two broken pots, eight pieces galena,
two small arrow-heads, stones of various sizes and shapes in a
jagged or starlike circle; also piece of mica 6 x 3% inches. Over
and around all, loam of some decaying stuff, probably a covering.
No.9. One hundred feet north by west from No. r. Much
(3 or 4 feet) reduced by cultivation, etc. Near present surface a
few shells and scattered stones. At 3% feet two skeletons, hori-
zontal, east to west; much decomposed; skull of western skele-
STARR—SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAOLOGY OF IOWA. 113
Scott County— Continued.
ton preserved; one-half of lower jaw found three feet distant.
Of the other skull only the copper-soaked jaw-bone preserved
well, stained by axe. Between bodies, stone pipe; obsidian
arrow-point, obsidian flakes, small arrow-points of white chert,
near second head ; also spoon of river turtle’s scapula.
In several mounds broken pottery occurred between surface
and deeper part as if pots had been placed on surface of mound.
Vo. ro.®5 Ninety-five feet north-west of No. 1, roo feet north-
east of No. 5. Smallest and least important; 15 feet diameter,
8 inches high. All in this row—7, 5, 10,—are less elevated
than the others. At 6 inches depth was a closely-packed pile
of stones, about 3% feet long east and west, 2% feet from
north to south, 2% feet high. The pile rested on a hard
clay bottom, 3 feet from surface of ground. The cavity was
about 1o feet long east to west, 6 feet wide, over 2 feet deep,
rounded at corners and bottom. In the lowest layer of the pile
was a flat stone 2 feet long, ro inches wide, 2 inches thick, with
smoother side downward. Beneath it were fragments of human
leg-bones pressed down into the clay. Two to 2% feet west of
this pile, 1 to 144 feet below the surface, a layer of river shells 3
feet long north and south, 2% feet wide, inch thick. This
layer was arched, the north and south edges being curved down-
ward. Shells badly decayed. ‘Three or four inches below this
layer, directly under the middle, several pottery fragments and
three small polished stones. The pieces were nicely packed to-
gether in a little pile. No other relics or bones.
NVo. 11.73 Sixty-five feet north of No. 1, twenty-five feet south-
west of No. 9, of sight elevation. Dark soil and red clay mixed.
At 14 inches, large, angular pieces of rock laid closely together,
with smaller stones fitting places between, 2% x 3 feet; under
this a similar layer, etc. At about 3 feet down a flat, unwrought,
irregular stone, 14 inches square, 1% inches thick, horizontal.
It covered a space, in which lay a tablet; cavity a little larger
than tablet, and about 5 inches deep. The floor on which the
vault stood was of yellow clay, hard and very compact. Tablet
head lay east-north-east. Four flint arrows lay on the tablet with
points directed inward —one at top, one at bottom, one at each
side midway between top and bottom. On upper left hand corner
II4 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Scotr County—Continued.
a Unio pustulosus with powdered red ochre. .N. J., Va. 5-4uas
Scaphisoma convexa Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Fla., N. J.,
‘‘Entire Atlantic Slope, west to the Mississippi’’ (Casey).
PHALACRID.
Stilbus apicalis Melsh. Can., Iowa, Colo., Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
Pian py Lex, Gal.
Olibrus pallipes Say.* Kans., Nebr., Dak., Man., B. C., Tex.,
Pa., N. Y. .
CORYLOPHID#.
Orthoperus scutellaris Lec. Colo., N. J., B. C.
COCCINELLID®.
Anisosticta strigata Thunb. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. J., Van. Isl.,
Ill., Idaho, Hud. Bay, Europe and Siberia.
144 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Hippodamia 5-signata Kirby. Cal., Nev., Can., B. C., N. Y.,
Kans., Hud. Bay, Man., New Mex., Ariz.
Hippodamia 15-maculata Muls. Mo., Nebr.
Hippodamia convergens Guér.* Cal., Nev., Baja Cal., Ariz.,
New Mex., Colo., Utah, Can., Nebr., Kans., Iowa, B. C., N. J.
Hippodamia 13-punctata Linn. Cal., Nev., Idaho, B. C., Nebr.,
Kans., Can, Alaska, ‘all America north of Mexico,’’ West
Indies, Europe, Asia.
Coccinella trifasciata Linn. Can., Alaska, Van. Isl., Hud: Bay.,
Mich., Colo., New Mex., Wash., Oreg., Cal., Europe and Siberia.
Coccinella g-notata Herbst. Nev., Colo., New Mex., Kans.,
Nebr., Can., Alaska, B. C., and Atlantic Region generally into
Central America.
Coccinella transversoguttata Fabr. Nev., Cal., Colo., New Mex.,
Can., Nebr., N. H., Alaska, B. C., Hud. Bay., Greenland, Mich.,
Iowa, Kans., Rocky Mts. to Mts. of Mex., Siberia, Japan, China,
and Europe.
Coccinella sanguinea Linn. U.S. and Can. generally, Baja Cal.,
West Indies, Europe.
Adalia bipunctata Linn.* Nebr., Kans., Iowa, Can., Mich., Vt.,
OhiojAN. V.. N= ji.3 Nova. Seotia,; New, Mex., Arz.,:B.,C. “Nig
Europe, Siberia.
Harmonia picta Rand. Colo., Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), N. Y.,
Wyo., N. J., Oreg., Hud. Bay, Nova Scotia, Mexico, Pa., New
Mex., Van. Isl.
Harmonia 14-guttata Linn. Can., Minn., New England, Mich.,
Europe and Siberia.
Anatis 15-punctata Oliv. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Nova
Scotia, N. J., West Indies, Europe, Siberia. Said to be A. oce/-
Jata Linn., which is the older name.
Psyllobora 20-maculata Say.* Eastern U.S. and Can. generally.
Replaced in the West (from Oreg. to Baja Cal.) by #edata which
may be a varietal form.
Chilocorus bivulnerulus Muls. Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
Vt., Fla., N. J., Kans., New Mex.
Brachyacantha ursina, var. 70-pustu/ata Melsh. Nebr., Kans.,
Lowa, -Can--colos,, Mich. Ohio, Vito MN yy ex.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 145
Hyperaspis signata Oliv. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa, Vt.,
Mich:, Ohio, N. Y., N. Cal.5Oree:
Elater obliquus Say.* N. Y., Pa., lowa, Can., Mich., Ohio, N. J.,
es (Ga.
Megapenthes stigmosus Lec. Cal., Oreg., B. C., Alaska, Can.,
Colo., Wash.
Megapenthes rogersi Horn.* Canada.
Agriotes stabilis Lec. Lake Superior, Can., Mich., N. Y.
Agriotes fucosus Lec. Vt., Can., Mich., N. Y., ‘‘North-eastern
States through Can-.; Hud. Bay Per, B. C., Oreg., Cal.’* (Lec:).:
Agriotes pubescens Melsh. Pa., Iowa, Can., Mich., N. Y., N. Mop
Ohio.
[Proo. D. A. N.8., Vol. VI.] 19 [January 22, 1896.}
150 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Agriotes limosus Lec. Lake Superior, Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.),
Newfoundland.
Dolopius lateralis Esch. Cal., Nev., Baja Cal., Arizona, Kans.,
Nebr, tC Van; Isi;; Can.; Towa, Colo., Tex., Ark) Atlantic
States generally. Very variable.
Melanotus scrobicollis Lec. N. Y., Pa., Can., Mich. Synony-
mous with the following species, according to Dr. Hamilton.
Melanotus castanipes Payk. Can., Mich., Ohio, Vt., Colo., Pa.,
N. Y., N. H.; also in Europe and Siberia.
Melanotus communis Gyll. Kans., Nebr., Can., Cal.; common
over most of the region east of the Missouri River.
Limonius plebejus Say.* N. Y., Pa., Can., Mich., N. J.
Limonius zger Lec. Described from Lake Superior specimens.
Can. SiN;
Campylus denticornis Kirby. Maine, Pa., Can., Mt. Wash., (N.
H.), Mich., Ohio.
Athous rufifrons Rand. N. Y., Pa., Can., Mich., Ohio.
Corymbites virens Sch. Maine, Can., north to 65°, Mt. Wash.,
(N. H.), Mich., Man., Northern Asia.
Corymbites resplendens Esch. Maine, N. H., Newfoundland,
Alaska, Queen Charlotte Isl., Vt., Mich.
Corymbites spinosus Lec. Lake Superior, Can., Mt. Wash., (N.
H.), Iowa.
Corymbites falsificus Lec. Canada.
Corymbites medianus Germ. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), N. Y.
Corymbites triundulatus Rand. Maine, Can., Mt. Wash., (N.H.),
Colo., (8,000 ft.,) Vt.
Corymbites hamatus Say. N. J., Can., Vt., N. Y.
Corymbites propola Lec. = N.'Y., B. C., Can., Mt. Wash., (N.H.),
Vermont.
Corymbites hieroglyphicus Say. Ohio, Maine, Can., Mt. Wash.,
(N. H.), Iowa, Mich., Vt., N. Y., Nova Scotia, N. J.
Corymbites zripennis Kirby. Maine, N. H., Can., B. C., Oreg.,
Idaho, Van: dsl, Colo., (Red Cliff, Veta Pass), N. Y., Nova
Scotia.
Corymbites aratus Lec. Lake Superior, Can.
WICKHAM—-A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 151
Corymbites metallicus Payk. Lake Superior, Can., Iowa, Colo.,
(8,000-9, 400 ft.,) Mich., N. J., Mass., Europe and Siberia. Dr.
Hamilton calls it zzgrtcornis Payk.
Asaphes indistinctus Lec.* The determination is by Dr. Horn.
Ohio, N. C., Georgia.
Asaphes memnonius Herbst.* Maine, Ohio, Iowa, Ala., Can.,
Pa., Mich., N. Y., Nova Scotia, N. J., Colo.
* THROSCIDA.
Throscus punctatus Bonv. Canada to Georgia.
Throscus constrictor Say. Middle and Southern States and Can-
ada. These two species have lately been referred to Az/lonothros-
cus by Dr. Horn.
BUPRESTID.
Chalcophora virginiensis Drury. Can., Colo., (Ckll.,) Mich.,
N. Y., Nova Scotia, Fla., N. J., Mass., Va. Perhaps the Euro-
pean C. mariana may be the same, (cf. Hamilton t. c.).
Dicerca prolongata Lec. Kans., Nebr., Can., Colo., (Ckll.,) N.
oy tasss Ney En
Dicerca divaricata Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
De te, Mass: IN.
Dicerca tenebrosa Kirby. Can., Mass., N. H.
Dicerca tuberculata Chevr. Can., N. H., Mass.
Dicerca punctulata Sch.* N.Y., N. J., Mass.
Pecilonota cyanipes Say.* Kans., Nebr., Colo., Can., Mass.,
lowa,- Mich. ,.N. ¥.;°N.-]:
Buprestis nuttalli Kirby. Can., N. J., Mass.
Buprestis maculiventris Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., Mt. Wash.,
(N. H.}), Colo., (CKIL.,) Mich., Vt., .N. Y., Utah; Mass.
Buprestis fasciata Fabr. Canada, North-eastern U. S. generally.
The variety /amgzz is found in Alaska, B. C. and the mountains of
the Western States. .
Buprestis striata Fabr. Can., Pa., Mich., N. Y., N. J., Mass.
Melanophila longipes Say. Can., Alaska, Van. Isl., Hud. Bay,
south to Va., Ky., New Mex. and So. Cal. If this is appendicu-
lata Fabr., add also Siberia, China and Europe.
152 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Melanophila drummondi Kirby.* Maine to Alaska, Cal., New
Mex. Dr. Hamilton calls it gwttwlata Gebl., which is known
from Northern Asia.
Melanophila zneola Melsh. Can., Middle and Southern States.
Chrysobothris femorata Fabr. ‘‘Can., all the U.S., extending
into Mex.’’ (Horn).
Chrysobothris dentipes Germ. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa,
Mich., ‘‘ all the States east of the Migsissippi and from Missouri
westward to Oregon,’’ (Horn).
Chrysobothris scabripennis Lap. and Gory. Can., N. Y., Mt.
Wash. CN. Br).
Agrilus otiosus Say.* Canada and New England, west to Kans.,
south to Tex. (Horn).
Agrilus bilineatus Web. Maine, west to Rocky Mountains, south
to Texas. (Horn).
Agrilus granulatus Say.* New England to Missouri.
Agrilus anxius Gory. Mass. and N. H., west to Colo.
Agrilus politus Say. Can. and New England, west to the Pacific
Coast, Kans., Colo., New Mex., Ariz., Nev., Cal., on Atlantic
Coast south to Maryland and the Ohio River (Horn).
LAMPYRID#.
Celetes basalis Lec. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), N. Y., Fla., N.
Jos Atlantic Resion= 7
Cznia’ dimidiatasBhabr > (Can, -N.«v., Noxja, ‘Atlantic Region
(ees)
Eros thoracicus Rand. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. J., Maine.
?
Eros aurora Herbst. Can., Alaska, Oreg., Hud. Bay, Eastern U.
S. south@te:,Ga,-and Miss. ; ‘Golo:, -(Ckll,,) Lowa, Ohio, N. Js
also in Europe, Siberia, North Africa.
Eros sculptilis Say.* Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich., Ohio,
Nii. Southern states,’ (Lec.’).
Eros humeralis Fabr. Can., Mich., Vt., N. Y., ‘‘ Atlantic Slope.’’
(Lee,
Eros crenatus Germ. Can., Vt., N. Y., Maine.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 153
Plateros canaliculatus Say.* Can., Iowa, N. Y., Fla., N. J., Pa.
Calochromus perfaceta Say. Can., Ohio, Vt.,N.Y., N. J., Va.,
‘Atlantic Region’’ (Lec.). ~
Lucidota atra Fabr. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa, Ohio, Vt.,
Mich +N: V7, Blas, Neh ot
Ellychnia corrusca Linn. Kans., Nebr., Can., Mt. Wash., (N.
H.), Colo., (Cklil.,) Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Nova Scotia, Va.,
Ne J. Eiud: Bay-
Pyropyga fenestralis Melsh.* Pa. (?), Cal., Colo.
Pyractomena borealis Rand. Can., Colo., (CkIl.,) Mich., Ohio,
N.Y .;. Maine, Mass: ‘Vex: Mont.
Photinus ardens Lec. Can., Mich., N. Y., Mass., Kans.
Lamprohiza inaccensa Lec. Mich.
Photuris pensylvanica DeGeer. Kans., Nebr., Tex., Can., Iowa,
Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Nova Scotia, Fla., N. J.
Podabrus nothoides Lec.* Can., Mass.
Podabrus diadema Fabr. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa, Vt.,
Mich. VN. Nike, “* Adlantie Repion.”’
Podabrus modestus Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Pa.,
IN: +J-Ga.
Podabrus punctatus Lec. Can., Iowa, Pa.
Telephorus fraxini Say. Can., Alaska, ‘‘Sitka to New Mex.,’’
(Hamilton), ‘‘ Hudson’s Bay, southward to Virginia,’’ Colo.,
Ohio, Vt., N. Y., N. J., Labrador.
Telephorus lineola Fabr. Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
Tex: Ela.
Telephorus rectus Melsh. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J., IIL,
Bia. Pa.
Telephorus flavipes var. dichrous Lec. Kans., Nebr., Can., Ohio,
Machi INoM oN. fe) UU Pex.
‘kelepiorus: rotundicollis Say» Can:,” Mich:, Vt.,;N. Y.,N. J.
Wasi:
Telephorus curtisii Kirby. Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa, B. C.,
Hud. Bay.
Malthodes fuliginosus Lec.* Mt. Wash., (N. H.).
154 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
MALACHID#.
Collops vittatus Say. Baja Cal., Ariz., New Mex., Colo., Tex.,
Mex. boundary, Nev., Cal., Can., Mich., Wyo.
Anthocomus erichsoni Lec. Can., Mich., Ohio, N. Y., ‘‘ Mid-
dle States.’’
Pseudebzeus oblitus Lec.* Can., Mich., Fla., N. Y., N. J., Ga.
Attalus morulus Lec.* Colo., (7,600-8,000 ft.,) Mich., Ohio,
VE, nla, No) ..ckeans,, D.C.
CLERID#.
Trichodes nuttalli Kirby.* Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Can., Mich.,
Vi Noy
Clerus quadriguttatus Oliv. Can., Iowa, Colo., Mich., Ohio,
Ni Yes
Clerus ichneumoneus Fabr.* Can., Ohio, Pa., Fla.
Thanasimus trifasciatus Say.* Can., N. Y.
Thanasimus undatulus Say. var. zudidus Klug. Can., N. W. T.,
Alaska, N. H., Mich., Kans., Colo., (9,500-11,500 ft.,) New
Mex. Vti, No XY:
Chariessa pilosa Forst.* a Kans., Nebr., Mo., Iowa, Can., N. Y.,
Ohio, Fla.
PTINID#.
Ptinus quadrimaculatus Melsh.* Pa., Iowa.
Hadrobregmus pumilus Lec.* N. J., Can.
Xyletinus lugubris Lec.* Mich., Can.
Dorcatoma setulosum Lec.* Pa., Ga., N. C., Lake Superior,
Ohio, Mich., N. J., Can.
Dorcatoma pallicorne Lec. Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich., Can.
Ptilinus ruficornis Say. Iowa, Fla., N. Y., Ohio, Mich., N. J.,
Canada.
Dinoderus porcatus Lec.* N. Y.,-Fla., N. J., Can.
CIOID. ,
Cis sp. incog.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 155
LUCANID&.
Platycerus quercus Web. Kans., Nebr., Can., lowa, Mich., Vt.,
emiox N.-V 2) Nv J: Pas, Ne-Cie Ds Me:
Platycerus depressus Lec. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich.,
N. Y., Dak., Colo., Hud. Bay Region.
Ceruchus piceus Web. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
12 Be ea
Nicagus obscurus Lec.* Can., Ind., Mich., N. Y., N. J.
SCARABEIDE.
Onthophagus hecate Panz.* Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Mich., Tex.,
New Mex, ‘Can’, Ohio, Vt.,°N. Y., Flas, NJ; Vaz entire: re-
gion east of Rocky Mountains, (Horn).
Atzenius imbricatus Melsh.* Mich., Fla., N. J., ‘‘ Mass. to Tex.;”’
also from Mexico to Brazil and West Indies.
Aphodius hamatus Say. Canada, Maine to Oregon; mountains
from New Mexico to Hudson’s Bay.
Aphodius fimetarius Linn.* Can., Eastern U.S. generally, Lowa,
Kans., Mich.; introduced from Europe.
Aphodius granarius Linn. U.S. and Canada generally, Baja Cal.,
British Columbia, Europe.
Geotrupes blackburnii Fabr.* Can., Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.
Hoplia trifasciata Say. . Can., Mich., Vt., Pa., N. Y., N. J.
Dichelonycha subvittata Lec. Can., Iowa, Ohio, Vt., N. Y.
Dichelonycha albicollis Burm. Can., Mich., N. Y., N. J.
Serica vespertina Gyll. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio,
Vt., N. Y., Nova Scotia, Fla., N. J.
Serica sericea Ill. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Va.,
De Warne: J:
Diplotaxis sordida Say. Can., Mich., N. J.
Diplotaxis tristis Kirby.* Baja Cal., Texas, Colo., Can.
Lachnosterna grandis Smith.* Nova Scotia to D. C., Ga., Texas,
Iowa, Nebr., Wis., Can.
Lachnosterna hirticula Knoch.* Nebr., to N. C., north to Can.
Cotalpa lanigera Linn. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.
156 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Aphonus tridentatus Say.* Kans., Nebr., New Mex., Can., Ohio,
Iowa.
Trichius affinis Gory. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Iowa, Mich.,
Ohio, dN: -Y;;)Colo:, Nova Scotia,” N:)J., Va:
CERAMBYCID#.
Tragosoma harrisii Lec. Can., Colo., (Ckll.,) Ariz., (7,000 ft.,) -
Mich., ‘‘ Newfoundland to Vancouver Island and through the
Rocky Mountains into New Mexico,’’ Vt., N. Y., N. J.; placed
by Hamilton as a synonym of depsarium Linn., which has a Eu-
ropean and Asiatic distribution. :
Asémum: micestuni Hald. © Pa., Mass.; Can. Alaska, B-sC.SuNG Wie
New England, the Eastern U. S. to Fla., west to La., and New
Miex:; Lowa, Colo: (9, foo: ft-.;), Ohio; N.. J.
Criocephalus agrestis Kirby. New Mex., Colo., Ariz., Kans.,
Nebr: Md-, Val,Gan.. Vt; N.-Y:,,.Nova Scotia, No J:
Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby. Can., Alaska, B. C., Wash.,
Oreo. Cali; NN; W. 1, south: to N. J. and. Pa.;. Mountains Zon
Arizona, Vt.
Physocnemum brevilineum Say.* Kans., Nebr., Ark., Pa., Can.,
Towa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.
Merium proteum Kirby. Can., Alaska, B. C., Hud. Bay, Pa., Colo.
Callidium antennatum Newm.* Can., Colo., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.
Elaphidion parallelum Newm. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
Flas,
Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald.* Pa., Can., lowa, Ohio, N. Y.,N. J.
Callimoxys sanguinicollis Oliv.* Can., Iowa, Ohio, N. Y., ‘U.
S. east of Rocky Mountains.”’
Purpuricenus humeralis Fabr.* Kans., Nedr., Pa., Mass., Can.,
Lowa wiNsn ic Ohio; Ve, NOY.) shexas, Wa:
Plagionotus speciosus Say. Mass., Can., Iowa, Vt., N. Y., Pa.,
N: Jj: Maine.
Calloides nobilis Say. Ariz., Can., N. H., Iowa, Mich., N. Y.,
Utah Na];
Arhopalus fulminans Fabr. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N.J.
Xylotrechus colonus Fabr. Can., N. H., Iowa, Mich., Ohio,
Vt NeaVe tla NS J o0*' dU. Sy east of Rocky, Mountains.:¢
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 157
Xylotrechus sagittatus Germ.* New Mex., Can., Mich., N. Y.,
ING Page Gas, tla. s Wea, Mass. Anz:
Xylotrechus undulatus Say. et var’s. /unulatus Kirby, enterruptus
Eap:. > Kans-; Nebr. N2W:.) Cam.§ Noite Towa, Mich. Ni);
Wolo... Ni Vex Bs Gn
Xylotrechus annosus Say. Idaho, Colo., Van. Isl., Mo., Mont.,
Gal, Texas, Maine, N.H.
Neoclytus muricatulus Kirby. Can., Colo., (CkIl.,) N. Y., Cal.,
N. H., Utah, Wyo., Hud. Bay, Mass., Va., Maine, La.
Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr.* Kans., Nebr., Texas, Iowa,
Ni IG. Va.,.ba., Mass... Canc, Mich. Olhne,. Vito Nin Yo. Ni Ebs
N. J., La., Del., Ga. Accidentally imported into Europe.
Clytanthus ruricola Oliv. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. Y.,
Neen Va! Ta, ‘
Cyrtophorus verrucosus Oliv.* Mass., Pa., N. C., Can., Mich.,
Li ges aaa ese eters pea, Oe Ce
Desmocerus palliatus Forst.* Mass., Can., Iowa, Mich., N. ¥.,
ING pe pus NY Cy Conn. Va.
Rhagium lineatum Oliv. Colo., Ariz., New Mex., Can., Alaska,
Queen Charlotte Isl., Atlantic district south to Florida in pine
regions; Mts. of Arizona. Varieties occur in Europe and Asia.
Centrodera decolorata Harr. Can., Mich., N. Y., N. J., Mass.
Pachyta monticola Rand. Can., Alaska, Maine, N. Y., Pa., Mt.
Wash., (N. H.), Vt., Mass., Anticosti Isl.
Acmezops proteus Kirby. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), B. C., N.
Y., Colo., (8,o00—9,400 ft.,) Hud. Bay, Oreg., Mont., Kans.,
New Mex.. Mass., Labrador.
Acmezops pratensis Laich. Can., Alaska, B. C., Alberta, through
Rocky; Mts. to Colo, and New Mex.; Wyo., Mich., Maine, Utah,
Mont., Oreg., Siberia, China, Europe.
Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. Ark., Mass., Ky., Mich., Can., Mt.
Wash. .o(N:vE.), lowa, Ohio; Vt, N. Wea N.4)., Pa. Vas Ni c
Bellamira scalaris Say: Can., Mich., N. Y., Ni J., N. H., Md.,
Pate Vas a:
Typocerus velutinus Oliv.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., Fla.,
Weve N: j: Ga Vay Pa. NAA Dak. sind. Ter, Lar, Maine.
. [Proo. D. A. N §, Vol. VI] 20 (January 27, 1896. j
158 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Leptura plebeja Rand. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), N. J., Mich.,
N. C.; Maine.
Leptura subhamata Rand. Can., N. Y., N. H., Mich.,N. J.,
Passe Madsen eale., Sblc4 Mass.
Leptura lineola Say. Mass., N. Y., Pa., N. C., Miss., Can., Ohio,
Mi uiNee| Varyow exuas, (Md. .°N2H-
Leptura americana Hald.* Pa., Iowa, Ohio, N. Y., Ind. Ter., Ga.
Leptura subargentata Kirby. Can., B. C., Alaska, Van. Isl.,
Wash., Cal., Mont., Nev., Colo., New Mex., Mich., Hud. Bay,
NN. ¥ cy Masses. UN: “EL, Utah, Ga:
Leptura nitens Forst.* Mass., Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.,
Poe Nemo Wulleekesas, (SA.
Leptura sexmaculata Linn. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich.,
Colo., Van. Isl., Hud. Bay. Also in Europe and Siberia.
Leptura nigrella Say. Can., Hud. Bay, Mich., Wash., New Mex.,
Nev., Colo., Ga., Maine.
Leptura canadensis Fabr. New Mex., Kans., Nebr., Mass., Pa.,
Can; AN, gEig Colo:,. (Ckll.;) N- Idaho, Vit:-N.-Y 5 Nova Scotia,
Mich., Va., Van. Isl., Mo., Ga., Oreg.; probably the same spe-
cies occurs also in Europe and Asia.
Leptura rubrica Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y.,
Noy go lass.5eWa., Ga. ll, Pay, Cole.
Leptura vagans Oliv. Can., N. Y., N. J., N. H., Mass., Maine,
Par videe Neale. Gale Mich:
Leptura sanguinea Lec. Can., Colo., (9,400 ft.,) Wash., Cal.,
Van. Isl., New Mex., Nev., Mich., N. H., Oreg.
Leptura chrysocoma Kirby. New Mex., Wash., Colo., (CkIl.,)
Can., Utah, Nova Scotia, Hud. Bay, Mich., Idaho, Maine, Van.
Ish. SNe Wee sOres. 2 Cal... Nevs3N Ta:
Leptura proximia Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Vt.{°N..¥.7 No J-, NG
H.; Va. Ga. Ohio, Mo:, Ill, Mass) Pa.
Leptura’ octonotata Say.* Can., N. Y.,N--)., Mass, Pa, Vaz
Ala.; Miss., Ill.
Leptura pedalis Lec. Mt. Wash., (N. H.),* Mich., Anticosti Isl.
Leptura vittata Germ. Mass., Ala., Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt.,
N.Y 5 (Noya' scotia, N: J., N.H. iPas, Vag Gar iihWa- Mane:
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 159
Leptura pubera Say. Pa., Can., Iowa, N. J., N. H., Va., Mass.,
bie Gace.
Leptura ruficollis var. sphericollis Say. Can., Mt. Wash., (N.H.),
Wich, Ohio; Ni Y =" Mass: -Ky.., Pa., Maine.
Leptura vibex Newm. Can., Mt. Wash., (N.H.), Mich., N. Y.,
Ohio, Conn., Pa., W. Va.
Leptura mutabilis Newm., et var. /uvidipennis Hald. Can., Mt.
Wash (Ns NO Whass.s VINO (ft Pa:, Mich.
Monohammus titillator Fabr.* Ohio, N. Y., Fla., N. J., ««Can.
to Wash., and south to Fla.’’ (Horn).
Monohammus scutellatus Say. New Mex., Alaska, (Yukon), B.
C., Can., Van. Isl., Hud. Bay, ‘‘through North America gen-
erally in most pine regions’’ (Hamilton).
Monohammus confusor Kirby. Can., Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
New England.
Monohammus marmorator Kirby. Can., Maine, Mich.
Acanthoderes decipiens Hald. Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Can., Ohio,
Mich., N. Y., Fla., N. J.
Leptostylus aculiferus Say.* Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Can., Ohio,
NeV.s Bilas, NAT:
Leptostylus commixtus Hald. D.C., Mass., Can., Mich., Ohio,
TONE oe NL
Hyperplatys aspersus Say.* Can., Iowa, Vt., N. Y., N.J.,
Urographis fasciatus De Geer. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
Nites Blac. oN f.
Acanthocinus obsoletus Oliv. Can., Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
Florida.
Pogonocherus mixtus Hald. Can., N. H., Colo., (Ckll.,) New
Mex. (Face, tt...) Mich: iN: ¥s,/N. J,
Eupogonius tomentosus Hald.* Can., lowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.,
Florida.
Saperda obliqua Say.* Can., Mich., N. Y., N. J.
Saperda calcarata Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Ohio, N. ie
New Jersey.
Saperda vestita Say.* Mass., Pa., Mich., Can., Iowa, Ohio, Vt.,
WAY iN. 3]:
160 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Saperda tridentata’ Oliv.* Mass., Pa., N. Y., N- J, D. €), Alay
Iowa, Can., Mich., Ohio, Vt.
Oberea tripunctata Swed.* Mass., Pa., N.C., Can., Iowa, N. Y.,
Colo., Ga.
CHRYSOMELID#.
Donacia subtilis Kunze. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J., Dak.,
Wiss, Ne Lilweelo.sOlmo,)Pa:,, Mass;, N:di.
Donacia distincta Lec. N. J., Mich., Mass.
Donacia rufa Say. -Can., Mass., N. H., N. Y., Ohio, Texas.
-Orsodachna atra var. chi/dreni Kirby. The species crosses the
continent from New England to Canada, extending southward
mostly on mountain ranges. Iowa, Colo., N. C. ,
Zeugophora varians Crotch. Pa., Ill., Kans., Wash., Can., N.
WjRNe 2 Mich:
Syneta ferruginea Germ. Newfoundland, Can., N. H., Mass.,
N. Y., Mich., Nebr., Ohio, Md., Iowa, Colo., (11,500 ft.,) N. J.,
Vermont.
Chlamysvplicata,Pabe + Cans, Mich., .N, Y.;-NiJ5 Bla
Bassareus formosus Fabr.,* et var. sw/phuripennis Melsh.* IIl.,
Mich.; Ni J... Ra., Ga.
Bassareus detritus Oliv.* Can., ‘‘ Atlantic States.’’
Bassareus mammiifer var. se//atws Suffr. Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio,
N. J., Middle and Western States.
Cryptocephalus 4-maculatus var. zofatws Fabr.* Kans., Ner.,
lowa, Can., Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. J.
Pachybrachys hepaticus Melsh. Kans., Nebr., Ariz., Fla., Colo.,
(Ckll.,) Mich., Ohio, ‘‘ Atlantic and Pacific Regions’’ (Lec. ).
Pachybrachys sp. aff. a¢omarius Melsh.
Diachus auratus Fabr. Oreg., Cal., Mts. of Ariz., Texas, Baja
Cali 2@an?, Van. 1sl:, Rocky Mts:\of'Colo:, Mich:,'Ohio; Nowe
Witah;BlayUN- J.
Diachus. catarius Suffr. Can., Mich., Van. Isl., Ill., Ga.
Adoxus obscurus Linn., var. v#és Fabr. Cal. and Nev., (form
obscurus) more rare eastward. ‘The form zs occurs in Wash.,
Colo., Utah, eastward to N. H., (Mt. Wash. ), Alaska, Europe,
Northern Asia.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 161
Chrysochus auratus Fabr.* Can. to N. J. and southward, Colo.,
Kans., Dak., Ariz.
Graphops pubescens Melsh. Mass. to Georgia, lowa and Texas;
Canada, N. J.
Colaspis brunnea Fabr.* ‘Entire region east of Rocky Mountains,
extending to Arizona’’ (Horn). Canada.
Prasocuris varipes: Gr.) Mich Vt, N.Y... Ne: J:
Doryphora to-lineata Say. New Mex., Colo., Kans., Nebr., Iowa,
Wan, Mich.,,Ohio,: Vt. No Ys, N2 J;
Chrysomela elegans Oliv. Wyo., Can., Ohio, Iowa, Mich., Vt.
N.. ¥:; Nova Scotia, N. J.;, Oreg.
Chrysomela scalaris Lec. Kans., Nebr., lowa, Ohio, Mich., Vt.
Ne iYo, lay Ns J:
Chrysomela multipunctata Say. Cal., Nev., Kans., Nebr., Can.
Colo., (7,000-8,000 ft.,) Ohio, Vt., N. Y., N. J., Iowa.
Chrysomela philadelphica Linn. Kans., Nebr., Can., Mich.
NSN Je
Plagiodera viridis Melsh.* Can., Iowa, Vt., N. Y., Fla., N. J.
bd
b
bd
b
Gastroidea polygoni Linn.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., Nova
Scotia, N. Y., N. J.; also in Europe and Asia.
Lina lapponica Linn. Can., Alaska, Hud. Bay, Atlantic and Pa-
cific Regions of U.S. Also found in Siberia, China and Europe.
Gonioctena pallida Linn. Minn., Hud. Bay, Lake Superior Re-
gion in general ; also Europe and Siberia.
Phyllodecta vulgatissima Linn. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., Pa.,
Ohio, perhaps in Alaska; Mt. Wash., (N. H.), N. J. Also in
Europe and Asia.
Phyllobrotica decorata Say. IIl., Colo., Can., lowa, Mich., N. Y.
Diabrotica 12-punctata Fabr. Canada to Texas and eastward ;
extending into Arizona and Southern California on the west.
Trirhabda canadensis Kirby. Hud. Bay Region, Can., Kans.,
NeAiey, Nebes, ‘Color. tahs Cals slowae Mich... N.Y.
Galeruca cavicollis Lec.* Can., New England, Pa., N. C., N. Y.
Galeruca decora Say. Can., Mass., Iowa, N. Y., Colo. . This dis-
tribution is that of the pale form to which my specimens belong.
Black ones occur farther west.
162 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Oedionychis limbalis Melsh.* Can., Iowa, N. Y., N. J., Mass.,
Ga. nilexas:
Disonycha pensylvanica IIl.* Can., N. H., lowa, Mich., N. J.,
New -allve@viernl). o:
Disonycha 5-vittata Say. Baja Cal., Colo., New Mex., Nebr.,
Kans., Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, entire region west of Miss.
Haltica bimarginata Say. Nebr., Kans., Iowa, Can., Colo., Cale
Mich., N. J., Texas, Alaska to Mexico.
Haltica ignita Ill. Baja Cal., Can., Iowa, N. J., Hudson’s Bay to
New England, south to Texas and Florida.
Crepidodera helxines Linn. B.C., Van. Isl., Oreg., Wash., Colo.
Idaho, Nebr., Kans., Can., N. H., lowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., Fla.,
N. Y., N. J.; also in Europe and Siberia.
Crepidodera modeeri Linn. Mich., Can., Oreg., Cal., Kans.,
Europe, Siberia.
Systena frontalis Fabr. Can., lowa, Mich:}'Vt.; Ni Y., Ela.0e
J., entire region east of Rocky Mountains.
Longitarsus turbatus Horn.* Ill., Ala., Mich., Texas.
Glyptina brunnea Horn.* Ga., La., Texas, Wis.
Chetocnema irregularis Lec.* Colo., (8,000—9,400 ft.,) Cal.,
Oreg., Nev., Mich.
Chzetocnema protensa Lec.* Colo., (7,000-9,200 ft.,) Mich.,
Maryland.
Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. Can., lowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.,
Mass., Wash., Van. Isl., Cal., Nev., Utah, Kans., Colo., Texas.
Odontota nervosa Panz. Nebr., Kans., Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio,
News aiilar Neg), Texas.
Chelymorpha argus Licht.* Can., Iowa, Ohio, N. Y., Colo., Fla.,
N. J., Eastern U.S. 1n general.
TENEBRIONIDA.
Nyctobates pensylvanicus De Geer.* New Mex., Kans., Nebr.,
Cany,clewa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., N..Y., Fla., N: J.; ‘Northen
and Middle States to California.’’ °
Iphthimus opacus Lec. Can., Ohio, Nova Scotia, New England.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 163
Upis ceramboides Linn. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich., Vt.,
N. Y., Nova Scotia, N. J., Mont., Hud. Bay, Pa., Maine, Man-
itoba, Europe and Northern Asia.
Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt.,
Ne Ves Pla. Nejaeova:
Tenebrio molitor Linn.* Can., Alaska, U. S. generally, near or
in houses. Cosmopolitan; distributed by commerce.
Tenebrio tenebrioides Beauv.* Kans., Neb., Can., Iowa, Mich.,
Ohio, Vt., N. Y., Fla. N. J. ‘‘abundant over our whole terri-
tory ’’ (Horn).
Paratenetus fuscus Lec. Can., Colo., (Ckll.,) Iowa, Ohio, Vt.,
N. J., ‘‘States bordering the Great Lakes’’ (Horn).
Blapstines interruptus Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich.,
NwYo N= je, Minn, Coloz Wyo.
Diaperis hydni Fabr.* Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio,
Vie New Bia IN: pireV.a.
Platydema excavatum Say.* Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich.,
Ohio, Vt., N. Y., Fla., N. J., ‘“‘entire district east of Rocky Moun-
tains’’ (Horn).
Platydema americanum Lap. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
WV tee NE ies Vas
Hypophleeus parallelus Melsh. Can., Colo., (9,400 ft.,) Mich.,
Nance Nes Ariz:
Boletotherus bifurcus Fabr. Kans., Nebr., Can., Iowa, Mich.,
Ohio: Vt. N.Y a Fla. Ne Jc Va.
Boletophagus corticola’Say. Can., Mich., Vt., N. Y., N. J.
Boletophagus depressus Rand. Can., Ohio, Vt., N. Y., N. J.
CISTELID.
Androchirus erythropus Kirby.* Can., Mich.
Mycetochara binotata Say. Can., Mich., N. Y.
Mycetochara bicolor Coup. Can.
Isomira sericea Say.* New Mex., (Leconte) Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
N. J., Mass., N. C. :
Hymenorus niger Melsh. Can., Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Pa., Fla.,
Texas.
164 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Hymenorus pilosus Melsh. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Mass., Va.
MELANDRYID.
Penthe obliquata Fabr. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. Y., N.J.
Synchroa punctata Newm. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., Fla.,
INGLY ay Nae
Scotochroa atra Lec. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.).
Serropalpus barbatus Schall. Can., Alaska, B. C., Hud. Bay,
Oreg., Maine, Rocky Mountains, south to New Mex., N. Y., Vt.
Also in Siberia and Europe.
Mystaxis simulator Newm.* Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. Y., N. J.
Marolia fulminans Lec.* Oreg., Can.
Hypulus lituratus Lec. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. Y., Va,
Missouri.
Symphora flavicollis Hald. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio.
Eustrophus repandus Horn.* Can., Iowa, Mich., ‘‘ New Hamp-
shire and Virginia, to Pacific Coast as far south as the extreme
north of California’’ (Horn).
Hallomenus punctulatus Lec
Orchesia castanea Melsh.* Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich.,
Iowa, Ohio, N. Y., N. J.
Canifa pallipes Melsh.* Kans., Nebr., Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.),
Colo., (7,000 ft.,) Mich., Ohio, N. J.
PYTHID/
Crymodes discicollis Lec. Can., Man., Colo., (CkIl.).
Pytho americanus Kirby. Pa., Can., N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Kans.,
Mts. of N. C., N. J. Dr. Hamilton thinks it the same as the
European ?. depressus Linn.
(EDEMERID&.
Asclera ruficollis Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.
Asclera puncticollis Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.
CEPHALOID.
Cephaloon lepturides Newm. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Ohio,
NEY
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 165
MORDELLID#.
Anaspis nigra Hald. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Colo., (8,000 ft.,)
Hud. Bay, N. Y.
Anaspis flavipennis Hald. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich., Ga.,
N. Y., Minn.
Anaspis rufa Say. ‘Can. to Alaska and Tex.,’’ Baja Cal., Colo.,
Mich. ;*Ohio,. Vt.; N2>Y:; Utah; Ela. N.- J:
Mordella scutellaris Fabr. Baja Cal., Can., N. H., Iowa, Colo.,
Mich. > Ohio; Vt No ¥.) Blase. heal:
Mordella borealis Lec. Can., Northern States.
Mordellistena biplagiata Helm.* Ohio, Ill., N. Y.
Mordellistena limbalis Melsh.* Can., Iowa, Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
Middle States.
Mordellistena comata Lec.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,
N. J., U.S. generally.
Mordellistena tosta Lec. Can., Mich., Ohio, Ga., N. Y.
Mordellistena unicolor Lec.* Can., Iowa, Colo., (7,000-8,000 ft.,)
Ohio, N. J., U. S. in general.
ANTHICID.
Corphyra lugubris Say. Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Wyo.
Notoxus anchora Hentz. Kans., Nebr., Can., Colo., Iowa, Vt.,
Miieh:,. No.3 Nek
Anthicus floralis Linn. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.;
said to be cosmopolitan.
Anthicus coracinus Lec. Can., Mich.
Anthicus cervinus Laf. Kans., Nebr., Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio,
N. Y., Utah, N. J.
Anthicus spretus Lec. (pale race). Can., Iowa, Mich., N. J.
Anthicus pallens Lec. Mich., Fla., N. J.
PYROCHROID.
Pyrochroa flabellata Fabr.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. J., Vt.,
New York.
[Proc. D. A. N.§, Vol. VI.] 21 [January 28, 1896. |
166 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Dendroides bicolor Newm. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Vt., N. Y.,
Nee); aulas
Dendroides concolor Newm. Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.), Mich.,
Ohio .wN:
MELOID&.
Macrobasis unicolor Kirby. Very injurious to potatoes at Bay-
field. Can., Iowa, Colo., Mich., N. Y.; Eastern U.S. generally,
west as far as Colo., south to Florida.
RHINOMACERIDE.
Rhinomacer elongatus Lec. Can., Pa.
RHYNCHITID&.
Rhynchites cyanellus Lec. Can., Mich., Mass., Ill.
ATTELABID&.
Attelabus bipustulatus Fabr. Can., N.Y., Va., “Atlantic States.”’
Attelabus rhois Boh. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. J., south to Va.
OTIORHYNCHID.,
Hormorus undulatus Uhler. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.,
Md., Ill., Dakota.
Geoderces melanothrix Kirby. Canada, New York.
CURCULIONID.
Sitones flavescens Marsh. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Fla., Ind., Ill., Nova Scotia, Europe, Asia, North Africa.
Apion segnipes Say.* Can., New Mex., N. J., Western and South-
ern States.
Apion sp. aff. cavifrons Lec.*
Phytonomus punctatus Fabr.* Can., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ohio,
Ind., W. Va., Europe,’ Asia, North Africa.
Lepyrus geminatus Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., Van. Isl., Colo.,
(S;ocoteejeMich., N. -Y., << ill to Colo.
WICKHAM—A LIST OF COLEOPTERA. 167
Listronotus callosus Lec.* Iowa, Mich., N. J., ‘‘N. Y., to Ga.”
Listronotus caudatus Say.* Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y.
Listronotus latiusculus Boh. Can., lowa, Mich., Ohio, N. J.,
** Middle and Southern States.’’
Macrops sp.
Pissodes strobi Peck. Can., Mich., N. Y., N. J., ‘* Lake Superior
to Georgia.”’
Pissodes dubius Rand.* Can., Mt. Wash., (N. H.).
Hylobius confusus Kirby. Can., Alaska, Mich., N. Y., Mass.
Hypomolyx pineti Fabr. Mich., Can., Hud. Bay, Europe and
Siberia.
iixus caudifer Lee:* Ill.;-B. GC:
Dorytomus laticollis Lec. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. Y., N. J.
Dorytomus brevicollis Lec. Can., Van. Isl., Mich., N. Y.,N. J.
Dorytomus sp. incog.
Bagous mammillatus Say. Mich., Fla., ‘Southern and Western
States.”
Magdalis pandura Say.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
Pa. , Ga. Mo:
Magdalis inconspicua Horn.* Can., Colo., (7,600 ft.,) Mich.,
Paes N.Y.
Tachypterus quadrigibbus Say.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, IIL,
N. Y., N. J., Mass., Texas, Cal. ‘* Occurs probably over our en-
tire territory ’’’ (Dietz).
Anthonomus signatus Say. Can., Mich., Ohio, N. J., ‘‘ Mass.
to Fla. and Texas.’’
Anthonomus scutellatus Gyll. Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. J., Mo.,
Mass., Texas.
Anthonomus rufipennis Lec. Colo., (8,000 ft.,) Mich., Texas,
Pa., Florida:
Orchestes rufipes Linn.* Can., Colo., (CkIl.,) (7,000-9,200 ft.,
Sz yaa We Vite, Cal:
Orchestes niger Horn.* Colo., (7,000-9,200 ft.,) Mich., Ohio, IIl.,
N. Y., N. J., Can., Nova Scotia, Pa.
Orchestes canus Horn.* Ohio, Mich., Colo.
Elleschus bipunctatus Linn. Can., N. J., Mich., Europe.
168 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Piazorhinus scutellaris Say. Kans., Nebr., Can., lowa, Mich.,
Ohio, N. Y., N: J., Atlantic States.
Piazorhinus pictus Lec.* Beaten from oaks. Can., Fla., N. J.,
Ill., Georgia.
Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N.Y.,
N. J., Atlantic Slope generally.
Rhyssematus palmacollis Say.* Can., Ohio, Fla., Mo., N. Y.,
Texas.
Mononychus vulpeculus Fabr.* Iowa, Mich., N. Y., Ind., N. J.,
‘« Canada to Georgia.”’
Cnemogonus epilobii Payk. Slave Lakeand B.C.; alsoin Europe.
Cceliodes acephalus Say.* Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J., ‘‘ Middle
and Western States.’’
Balaninus nasicus Say.* Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., N. J.,
GaisKanss saz, Lil.
BRENTHID#.
Eupsalis minuta Drury. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, N. Y., Texas,
Fla., N. J.; ‘abundant from Lake Superior to Texas, and from
New England to Colorado.”’
CALANDRID.
Sphenophorus costipennis Horn. Can., Iowa, Mich., N. J., Ill,
Nev., Manitoba.
Dryophthorus corticalis Say. Can., Iowa, Mich., Ky, N. Y.,
Fla., N. J., ‘‘ Atlantic district generally.”’
Cossonus subareatus Boh. Kans., Nebr., Iowa, ‘‘ Middle States,”
(Horn).
Rhyncolus brunneus Mann. Can., Alaska, Van. Isl., So. Cal.,
New Mex., Vt., N. H., N. J.
SCOLYTIDA.
Pityophthorus materiarius Fitch. Can., Mich., N. Y., Fla.,
‘oCan tow lexas.””
Pityophthorus minutissimus Lec.* Iowa, Mich., N. J., ‘‘ Mid-
dle and Southern States.’’
WICKHAM—A LIST OFCCOLEOPTERA. 169
Pityophthorus sp. incog.
Xyleborus czlatus Esch. Iowa, Colo., Mich., Ohio, N. Y.,N. J.,
< . .
LS .
at fa
- an
ae
Mars
ey a*
Saree
°
.
.
SS
ce eee. ‘
tx
a hie
te
or more in weight. Mound c had been disturbed, about half of the °
north side being torn away—evidently by some one exploring its con-
tents. The others seemed to be undisturbed.
Old grass was still
clinging to the scanty soil between the stones. The small mound, d,
similarly constructed, was not more than half the dimensions of the
larger-ones.
There was no appearance of recent handling about these
stones, no ashes visible, and the stones forming the serpent being
ie DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
deeply imbedded in the ground, all indicated that these works were
ancient. The stones were probably gathered from the level area on
which the works are located, for this area is free from other stones,
whereas the sides of the knoll, and the summits and sides of the others
are strewn with similar boulders.
There are many small circles (marked e) scattered about these works.
They are some ten to twelve feet in diameter, formed of stones a foot
apart. There were still many modern Indians in this vicinity—Win-
nebagoes, Crows, and Sioux. I enquired of a Crow and a Sioux, and
each denied knowledge of the existence of the mounds. At Blunt I
enquired of an attorney, Mr. Charles Berger, who also said he knew
nothing of such works and expressed surprise at their existence. I
believe I am the first white man who ever saw the serpent. It would
not be visible from the time the grass is a few inches high until after
it was burned over, except on close inspection. I visited the knoll at
the most favorable time for seeing the colossal serpent, remarkable in
itself, and especially as being the only one known constructed of stone
in the manner described.
This entire knoll is useless for agricultural purposes, and should be
preserved as a park. It will exist for centuries as it is to-day if it es-
capes the hands of the willful vandal.
Note.— Since writing the above I have seen the article on this subject in
American Anthropologist, Vol. I1., No. 2. My notes were written on the
spot, April 25, 1883, and I believe them correct. I used a compass in noting
direction. Height of butte estimated. J. M. H.
STARR—A SHELL GORGET FROM MEXICO. Lhe
A SHELL GORGET FROM MEXICO.
BY FREDERICK STARR, PH. D.
‘
No crass of objects from our southern mounds are more beautiful
and interesting than the engraved shell gorgets. They were first seri-
ously discussed and adequately illustrated by W. H. Holmes in his
paper — Avt in Shell of the Ancient Americans.* These objects
are thin, nearly circular, concavo-convex plates of shell, carefully
smoothed on both surfaces and engraved upon the concave side.
The shell which usually supplied the material was Busycon perversum,
which is common along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Massachu-
setts to Mexico. The form of the shell and the quality of its material
are such as to make the securing of flat plates of any size quite impos-
sible; hence the concavo-convex form of the sides is a result inherent
in the material itself. The designs engraved upon the concave surface
are surprisingly well done. While they are clearly ornamental they
are no less clearly symbolical as well. The types are comparatively
few and the treatment is notably conventional. Holmes grouped
these designs into a few classes—the cross, scalloped disk, birds’ head
and coil, serpent, spider, human face and human figure. These
gorgets, which measure from 21% to 5 inches in diameter, were worn
as ornaments, probably suspended from the neck and hanging down
upon the breast. Two holes for suspension are usually found near the
upper edge, and, not infrequently, show marks of wearing due to the
suspension cord. ‘The specimens have come from stone graves and
mounds in Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois, Georgia, and other southern
states. Everywhere in art and function they embody one well-defined
conception and are plainly related.
The most interesting are certainly those upon which is represented
the human figure. Of such Mr. Holmes describes four. After his
paper was printed, fragments of two others were found in one of the
Etowah group of mounds in Georgia, by Mr. Rogan. These were
illustrated in Cyrus Thomas’ paper, Burial Mounds of the Northern
Sections of the United States.+ Still later Gates P. Thruston, in his
Antiquities of Tennessee, reproduced all these figures, and added a
* Sec. An. Rept. Bureau of Ethnol., pp. 179-305.
+ Fifth An. Rept. Bureau of Ethnol., pp. 103-104.
‘ [Proo. D. A.N.S., Vol. VI.] 22 [June 13, 1896 ]
174 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
description and illustration of a curious specimen belonging to A. E.
Douglass, of New York City. There are thus seven of these south-
ern gorgets, bearing representations of human figures, illustrations of
which are easily accessible to the student. No two of these are
exactly alike. It is not necessary here to redescribe them, but a few
points regarding each need emphasis:
(a). A curious piece, whereon the human figure is so crudely and
conventionally represented that great pains are necessary to detect it
at all, in what at first sight looks like a meaningless combination of
lines. The joints of the arms and legs are quite unanatomical, and
the feet are developed into single, well-defined talons or claws which
fold upward against the knee. Perforations, from one-fourth to one-
sixteenth of an inch in diameter, occur at several places, particularly
at joints of the figure and at the junction of two or more lines.
There are twenty-six of these. Tennessee.
(4). The same general idea occurs here, but the human figure 1s
more easily recognized. The arms are curiously jointed; the hands
are well defined. There are plume-like appendages along the arms
and legs. The feet are developed into single claws. From the
mouth, which is well supplied with teeth, there is a nondescript
appendage, ‘‘which may be part of the costume, or, since it issues
from the mouth, may possibly symbolize speech.’’ ‘There are five
perforations, including the suspension holes. Tennessee.
(c). A sacrificial scene. An upright figure in profile, decked with
ornaments. With arms extended, heis advancing. Before him he holds
a severed human head with face downward. His head is large, occu-
pying one-third the height of the whole figure. The face is tatooed
diagonally across the face from below the eye to below the ear. The
pupil of the eye is indicated by a pit-like depression. A peculiar
apron-like object hangs from a belt at the waist, and a fan-like exten-
sion of the costume, somewhat like a bird’s tail, descends between the
legs. A peculiar object projects from the mouth. The severed head
presents face tatoo marks and the curious mouth object. Missouri.
(2). Fragmentary. A remarkable piece of work. ‘Two human
figures, plumed, winged, and with feet like those of eagles are repre-
sented in profile, facing, and engaged in deadly combat. The great
wings and the many feathered tails are notable. Tennessee.
(e). Fragmentary. Two figures, one erect the other prostrate.
Both are tatooed. ‘The victor has a zigzag line running from the
root of the nose across the cheek to the neck; the other is marked
STARR—A SHELL GORGET FROM MEXICO. 175
with a zigzag line from the hair over the temples vertically down the
face. Both wear large ear-rings, and appear to have the curious mouth
object. Georgia.
(f/f). Fragmentary. Winged figure kneeling. The nose is eagle-
beaked. ‘There is a peculiar tatoo (?) about the mouth. There is an
object before the mouth somewhat like those already described, but
not actually connected with it. It appears, however, to be attached to
the head-dress. There is a belt and pendent at the waist. Georgia.
ws Ak
ee eee
g). The Douglass tablet from Missouri presents little of great sig-
nificance for our comparison. ‘Through Gen. Thruston’s politeness it
is here reproduced. Notice the belt and the suspended apron.
Of this gorget General Thruston says: *
“The very peculiar skirt or appendage hanging to the waist-belt appears
in both the copper-plate figures from the Etowah mound, which had not
* Antiquities of Tennessee, p. 346.
176 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
been published in 1887 when this shell gorget was discovered. The curious
complicated head-dress and long hair-tie, also suggest the Georgia figures,
as does the long implement or object under the right arm, which appears to
to be a duplicate of the object held in the right hand of the copper-plate
figure. The fan-shaped scarf hanging from the waist, appears in several of
these designs. The ear-ring, the breast ornament, the large beads upon the
wrists and legs, the half-circles on the arms and lips, all suggest analogies.”
With the pictures of these gorgets before him, anyone at all ac-
quainted with Mexican art must notice curious analogies. Holmes
recognized similarity. Of the scalloped disks he says:
“The student will hardly fail to notice the resemblance of these disks to
the calendars of Mexico and other southern nations of antiquity. There is,
however, no absolute identity with southern examples. The involute design
in the centre resembles the Aztec symbol of day, but is peculiar in its divi-
sion into three parts, four being the number almost universally used.”
Holmes, l.c. p. 279.
Of the bird pattern and loop pattern he remarks:
“A similar looped rectangle occurs several times in the ancient Mexican
manuscripts. * * * * It is nota little remarkable that a cross occupies
the enclosed area in all these examples.” Holmes, l.c. p. 285.
“ * * Gorgets of shell are a marked characteristic of the personal em-
bellishment of the northern peoples. They may have been in use among
the Aztecs, but do not appear among southern antiquities, and no evidence
can be derived from history. This gorget belongs, in its general character
as an ornament, tothe north. * * * * * In all these features, together
with its technical execution and its manner of inhumation, it is identical
with the well-known work of the mound-builders. These analogies could
hardly occur if it were an exotic. It is true, however, * * * * that the
design itself has a closer affinity to Mexican art than to that of the north.
* ok & & & Asan ornament, this Missouri gorget is a member of a great
family that is peculiarly northern, but the design engraved upon it affiliates
with the art of Mexico, and so close and striking are the resemblances, that
accident cannot account for them, and we are forced to the conclusion that
it must be the offspring of the same beliefs and customs and the same cul-
ture as the art of Mexico.” Holmes, 1. c. 305.
We have now to describe another engraved gorget of shell on
which a human figure is represented. The specimen is part of the
Ryerson collection, now at the University of Chicago. It was col-
lected near Morelia, in the state of Michoacan, Mexico, by Abadiano,
probably in the year 1882. It is remarkably well preserved and has
been somewhat cleaned, but of its authenticity there is absolutely no
question. As the United States specimens it is a thin, concavo-con-
vex plate. The inner, concave face, is the one carved. The gorget is
nearly circular measuring 106™™. in height and roo™™- in breadth.
STARR
A SHELL GORGET FROM MEXICO. de)
In thickness it measures from 3 to 4™™. In the catalogue of the col-
lection the design is said to represent ‘‘a warrior seated and speak-
ing.’’ The cut here given reproduces the object admirably. The
carved figure occupies a roughly circular space at the centre of the
gorget. A narrow plain band surrounds this; outside of it is a broader
band occupied by six flattened circular ones inclosing a smaller circle
surrounding a pit-like depression, alternating with six ornamental mo-
tives of uncertain significance. In this band much of the shell be-
tween these designs (represented in black in the illustration) has been
cut entirely out. ‘Twenty-four such open spaces occur in this band.
Outside of all is a narrower plain band. The engraved design itself
represents a warrior seated. His head is surmounted by a head-dress.
The hair is well drawn; the eye is represented by an ellipse sharp-
ened at one end with a pit-like depression for the pupil. A great ear
ornament is represented with a central depression. ‘The nose is large
and connected with it is a curious mark, which may be tatooing or a
178 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
nose skewer. A zigzag tatoo line runs from below the nose across the
cheek to the ear. The mouth is open, the teeth of the upper jaw are
indicated and a curious object projects from the mouth. The body is
curiously stiff and formal. The arms are extended and the left hand
grasps some object. The right one (somewhat distorted in the cut)
projects beyond it to the very border of the design. ‘The legs are ex-
tended forward. The foot is claw-like. Plumes are attached to the
arms and legs. Part of a rectangular object, apparently a belt, is seen
and from it in front an apron-like pendent apparently projects, while,
if I mistake not, a tail-like appendage hangs down below the figure,
apparently after having passed between the legs. What appears to be
a shield with a downward hanging fringe of plumes is on the warrior’s
back and over it is an object which resembles somewhat a war club al-
though it may be an a//a¢/ or spear-thrower. At several places within
the design are pit-like cavities sometimes surrounded by circles. ‘There
are ten apertures cut through the shell within this area.
Many points of similarity might be found between this design and
those from the United States. The stiff and formal trunk may be
compared with those of (a) and (4). The clawlike foot recalls the
Tennessean specimens. The curious object at the mouth is apparently
in nature like that in (4), (c), and (e). The curious perforations are
present in several. ‘Tatoo markings are the rule in these designs but
those on the Mexican specimens and the Georgian piece (¢) are almost
identical. The belt and curious apron-like projections are comparable
with those in (c) and (g).
The finding of such an object in the heart of Mexico is of much
interest. Form, function, character of this Michoacan specimen are
plainly the same as those of the pieces from Tennessee, Georgia, and
Missouri. It can no longer be said that the type is essentially north-
ern nor that it belongs exclusively to the ‘‘Mound-builders’’ of the
United States. We must modify Mr. Holmes’ statement and may say
of the Missouri gorget (¢) —‘‘it is a member of a great family, ~o¢ pe-
culiarly northern.’’ We may emphasize this other statement — ‘‘ che
design upon tt affiliates with the art of Mexico and so close and striking
are the resemblances that accident cannot account for them, and we are
Sorced to the conclusion that it must be the offspring of the same beliefs
and customs and the same culture as the art of Mexico.’’ In fact there
are greater differences between the Tennessee specimens themselves, or
between the Missouri specimens alone, than there are between the.
United States specimens, as a class, and this Mexican gorget.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/ OF NORTH AMERICA. 179
REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN& OF
NORTH AMERICA.
(Read before the Academy, November 29th, 1895.)
BY JEROME McNEILL.
IT is proper to state that this paper is based largely upon the mate-
rial of the United States National Museum, to whose officers I am
much indebted for the generosity with which the collection was placed
at my disposal for study during the three months which I was able to
spend in Washington. For these and other favors I am deeply in-
debted to, Dr.C. V.. Riley ‘and Dr: i... ©. Howards. Dr: $7; Scudder
has placed me under great obligations by sending me many of the rare
and sometimes unique specimens of his less-known species. I have
also received help in the way of types and other specimens, as well as
valuable ‘notes, from Prof. R. S. Morse, which I gratefully acknowl-
edge. Iam indebted to the kindness of Mr. Coquillett for valuable
notes on his very interesting collection of Orthoptera made in Southern
California and now included in the collection of the National Museum.
Finally, I owe to the generosity of Mr. Ashmead the possession of a
small but valuable collection of Ovthoptera from Florida.
My own collection of Orthopftera contains all the species of the
Truxaline found west of the Alleghenies, east of the great plains, and
north of Texas and Florida and a large portion of the other species of
North America outside of Mexico and Central America. I regret ex-
tremely that I have not been able to see more of the Mexican species
of Saussure and Walker, but the types are not easily accessible and
without them the often meagre descriptions are insufficient for the cer-
tain determination of their species. With the single exception of
Alpha, 1 have not accepted the genera proposed by Brunner in his ex-
cellent Réviston du Systeme des Orthopteres. The brief descriptions given
in his key and the failure to name the species (except in the case noted
above) upon which his genera were founded, together with the fact
that many Mexican forms were unknown to him, have made it gga
sible to satifactorily identify these genera.
The Zruxahne constitute a sub-family of Acridide. They are more
closely related to. @ad:podine than to any other group of equal rank,
180 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
and though they present on the whole a very different appearance and,
in fact, are different in a large number of characters from Gadipodine,
the connecting links between them are so numerous that it is difficult
to find any clearly definable characters which will serve to separate
these sub-families.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUB-FAMILIES OF ACRIDID.
>
Tarsi not furnished with a pulvillus. Pronotum extending to or
beyond the end of the abdomen................1.—TZettigine.
A.? Tarsi furnished very generally with a pulvillus. Pronotum much
exceeded by the abdomen.
B.t_ Antenne shorter than the anterior femora....... 2.-—Proscopine.
B.2, Antenne longer than the anterior femora.
C.! Prosternum unarmed or, if furnished with a more or less distinct
tubercle or spine, the lateral carinze of the pronotum or the lateral
foveolz of the vertex are present and well developed.
Dt Vertex of the head generally horizontal or a little ascending.
Viewed from the side, the vertex forms an angle, more or less
rounded, with the front, which is very generally moderately or
strongly oblique. In no case is the median carina of the prono-
tum crested or cut by more than one sulcus and the posterior mar-
gin of the metazone is never sharply angulate. .. . 3.— Zruxaline.
D.2 Vertex of the head very generally declivent. Viewed from the
side, the vertex is nearly always roundly and not angulately united
with the front, which is sub-perpendicular, rarely decidedly
oblique. In the rare cases where the head is truxaline, the pro-
notum and the tegmina are strongly cedipodine, z. ¢., the lateral
carine are obsolete, the median carina is cut by more than one
incision or is crested, or the metazone is sharply angulate and the
tegminez are everywhere densely and regularly reticulate........
wee ee Gd. — Bdipodine.
C.2 Prosternum armed with a tubercle or spine.
D.: Front very oblique. Lateral foveole meeting in the median line
so as to form the anterior part of the roof of the vertex........
wee ee .5.—Pyrgomorphine.
D.2 Front rarely very oblique, frequently sub-perpendicular. Lateral
foveole, if present, never meeting nor forming a part of the roof
of the WErher iio seal flo 2 fs w olslods cialvicl oth Bale teens an OP =o en
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINA OF NORTH AMERICA. 181
The following comparison may help to show that in spite of the dif-
ficulty of separating these sub-families there are really very distinct
truxaline and cedipodine characters of the head, the pronotum, the
tegmina, and the wings. Unfortunately, for classification, a truxaline
head does not always go with truxaline pronotum and tegmina. It
will usually be found, however, that when one set of characters are
strongly presented in one part the opposite set will be no less strongly
indicated in the other two regions. Thus. while Acrolophitus and
Machaerocera have truxaline heads, they have the typical cedipodine
pronotum, tegmina and wings. I have, accordingly, on account of the
preponderance of the last mentioned characters followed Dr. Scudder
in excluding these and allied forms from the sub-family under discus-
sion. Boopedon, on the other hand, has an cedipodine head, but it
too has the characters of the head reversed in the pronotum, tegmina,
and wings. ‘There still remain certain genera, as Psoloessa, Stirapleura,
Au/locara, and their allies, in which the opposing characters of these two
sub-families are so evenly blended that in the end it is a somewhat ar-
bitrary line that divides the Zruxaline from CQdipodine. I hope,
however, that the character I have chosen (the presence of but one
transverse incision which cuts the median carina) will not prove alto-
gether unnatural. In accordance with this character I have removed
Psoloessa, Stirapleura and some allied forms, as well as one species
of the genus, Awlocara, from @difodine and included them in Z7ux-
aline.
CHARACTERS OF THE HEAD.
TRUXALINE.
1.—Vertex horizontal or ascending
and, when seen from the side,
this and the face form an angle
rather than a regular curve.
2.—The front is decidedly oblique.
3.—The lateral foveolz are fre-
quently absent or invisible from
above.
4.—The antennz are very fre-
quently depressed, acuminate,
triquetrous, or clavate.
CGEDIPODIN#.
1.—Vertex declined and, when seen
from the side, united with the
face by a curved line.
2.—The front is sub-perpendicular.
3.—The lateral foveolz are present
and visible from above.
4.—The antenne are very rarely
anything but filiform.
CHARACTERS OF THE PRONOTUM.
5.—The width of the pronotum is
little greater at the posterior
than at the anterior end.
[Proo, D. A.N.S., Vol. VI.]
5.—The width of the pronotum is
much greater at the posterior
than at the anterior end.
[November 23, 1896 ]
182 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
6.—The iateral carinz are distinct.
7-—The median carina is always
cut by one sulcus, and it is never
crested.
8.—The prozone is not shorter than
the metazone.
g.-—The posterior angle of the met-
azone is never sharp or acute
angled, generally very obliquely
and roundly angulate or straight.
10.—The surface is generally
smooth, not wrinkled or tuber-
culose.
11.—The lateral lobes are generally
plainly narrowed below, the an-
terior or posterior margin (one
or both) being oblique.
6.—The lateral carine are obsolete’
7-—The median carina is cut by
one, two, three, or no sulcus, and
itis often crested.
8.—The prozone is shorter than the
metazone.
g. —The posterior angle of the met-
azone is very frequently sharp
or acute angled, never straight.
10.—The surface is generally wrin-
kled or tuberculose.
11.—The lateral lobes are gener-
ally not narrowed below, but
both the anterior and posterior
margins are sub-perpendicular.
CHARACTERS OF THE TEGMINA AND WINGS.
12.—The intercalary vein of the
tegmina is generally wanting
13.—The scapular area of the teg-
mina is often expanded, and the
venation 1s scalariform,
14.—Imperfect tegmina and wings
are very common. Abortive and
long-winged forms in the same
species are not uncommon.
15.—The tegmina are plain or
striped. If maculate, the spots
are not arranged in bands.
16.—The wings are generally trans-
parent, never bright colored, nor
with a black band.
12.— The intercalary vein of the
tegmina is commonly present.
13.—The scapular area of the teg-
mina is narrow, and the venation
irregularly reticulate.
14.—Imperfect tegmina and wings
are very rare. Abortive and
long-winged forms in the same
species do not occur.
15.—The tegmina are plain or mac-
ulate, scarcely ever striped. If
maculate, there is a tendency
for the spots to be arranged in
bands.
16.—The wings are generally bright
colored, and most generally
have a black band.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Amoen. Acad.— Centuria insectorum rariorum, in Amoenitates
Academice. (See C. von Linne.)
Ann. Del. Mus. Civ.—Aznali del Museo Civico Storia Naturale di
Genova. Geneva, Roy. 8vo. (See Brunner von Wattenwyl.)
Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont.—Axnnual Report of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, Toronto. Roy. 8vo. (See S. H. Scudder,
F. B. Caulfield.)
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 183
Bessey, C. E.—A Preliminary List of the Orthoptera of Towa. In
the 7th Bien. Rept. lowa Agr. Col.
Beutenmuller, W.—Descripiive Catalogue of the Orthoptera found
within fifty miles of New York. In Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI,
art. xii, 253-316. Oct. 19, 1894. New York.
Bien. Rept. Iowa Agr. Col., 7.— 7th Biennial Report of the Towa
Agricultural College. (See Bessey, C. E.)
Bijdr. Kenn. Orth.— Aijdragen de Kennis der Orthoptera. (See
W. De Haan.)
Blatchley, W. S.—-Some Indiana Acridide, 1. In the Can. Ent.
xxill, 74—81, April, g8—roo, May, 1891.
Blatchley, W. S.— Some [Indiana Acridide, 111. In the Can. Ent.
XXVI, 217-223, and 242-248, 1894.
Bolivar, Ignacio.—Syndpsie de los Orthopteros de Espana y Portugal.
1-333, pl. i-vii. Madrid, 1876. 8vo.
Bolivar, Ignacio.—Lxumération des Orthoptéres de ! Tle de Cuba.
Extrait des Mem. Soc. Zool. France, I, 1-49. 1888.
Brit. N. Am. Bound. Com.—SArvitsh North American Boundary
Commission. Report on the geology and resources of the region
in the vicinity of the forty-ninth parallel, from the Lake ef the
Woods to the Rocky Mountains, with lists of plants and animals
collected, and notes on the fossils, by George M. Dawson, Assoc.
~R.S. M., F. G. S., Geologist and Botanist to the Commission.
Appendix D, Orthoptera, byS. H. Scudder. Montreal, 1873. 8vo.
Bruner, L.—JZzst of Orthoptera foundin Nebraska. Inthe Can. Ent.
ix, 144,145. August, 1877.
Bruner, L.— Woes on other Locusts and on the Western Cricket.
Chap. iv, 53-64, 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com. 1883.
Bruner, L.—Refort on the Abundance of the Rocky Mountain Locust
in 1885. 303-308, Rept. Com. Agr., 1885. Washington. 1885.
' Bruner, L.—/irst Contribution to a Knowledge of the Orthoptera of
Kansas. 125-139, I, no. 4. Oct., 1885. In Bul. Wash. Col.
Lab. Nat. Hist.
Bruner, L.—Second Contribution to a Knowledge of the Orthoptera of
Kansas, 1, No. 7, 193-200. 1886. In Bul. Wash. Col. Lab.
Nat. Hist.
Bruner, L.—Locusts (Grasshoppers). 167,168. Rept. Com. Agr.,
1887. Washington. 1888.
184 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Bruner, L.—WMew North American Acridide Found North of the
Mexican Boundary. From the Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XII, 1889,
47-82, pl: i, fig. 11. Feb. 5, 1890. Washington
Bruner, L.—Micaraguan Orthoptecra. In Bul. Lab. Nat. Hist. State
Univ. Iowa, vol. II], no. 2, art. 6, 5869, pl nu. and ni
March, 1895.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C.—Pvodromus der Europaischen Or-
thopteren. 1-466, pl. i.-xi. One map. Leipzig, 1862. 8vo.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C.—Ozn the Orthoptera of the Island,
Grenada, West Indies. 599-611. PI. lii, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1893.
N. XLI. London... 8vo.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, C.—Réwiston du Systeme des Orthopteres
et Description des Espéces Rapportées par M. Leonardo Fea de
Birmanie. 1-230. Pl.i-vi. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. di Gen.
Serie. 2. a, XIII (XXXIII). 23 November, 1892, 21 Aprile,
1893. 8vo.
Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.—Au/letin of the American Museum of
Natural History. New York. 8vo.
Bul. Div. Ent.— Bulletin of the Division of Entomology U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Published by the Government. Washing-
ton. 8vo. (See J. B. Smith.)
Bul. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist.—Auwlletin of the [ltinots Museum of Nat-
ural History. Bloomington, Ill. 8vo.
Bul. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. lowa.—Aulletin from the Lab-
oratories of the State University of Iowa. Published by the author-
ity of the Regents. Iowa City. .8vo. (See L. Bruner.)
Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool.—Aulletin of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College, vol. xxv, no. 1. Reports on the
dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the
Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of Cali-
fornia. In charge of Alexander Agassiz. Carried on by the U.S.
Fish Commission Steamer ‘‘ Albatross’’ during 1891. Lieut.-
Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. A., commanding. (See S. H.
* Scudder. )
Bul. N. J. Agr. Col. Ex. Sta.—Bulletin of the New Jersey Agri-
cultural College Experiment Station. New Brunswick, New Jer-
sey. 8vo. -(See J: B. Smith.)
McNEJLL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 185
Bul. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. II., 1876.— Bulletin of the Geologt-
cal and Geographical Survey of the Territortes. Vol. Il. 1876.
F. V. Hayden, U.S. Geologist in charge. Washington,1876. 8vo.
Bul. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr. III.—Aulletin of the
United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Terri-
tories. FF. V.Hayden, U. S. Geologist in charge. Vol. III.
Washington, 1877. 8vo.
Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.— Bulletin of the Washburn
College Laboratory of Natural History. "Edited by Francis W.
Cragin, Topeka, Kan. 8vo. (See L. Bruner.)
Burmeister, H.—Handbuch der Entomology. Band I1., Abtheil ii.
Gymnognatha: erste halfte, Orthoptera. Berlin, 1838. 8vo.
Can. Ent.— Zhe Canadian Entomologist. London, Ontario. 8vo.
Can. Nat.— Zhe Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Montreal. 8vo.
Cat. Ins. Mass.—Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. (See
Thad. W. Harris.)
Cat. Derm. Salt.— Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Salta-
toria in the Collection of the British Museum. (See Francis
Walker. ) |
Caulfield, B. F.—Preliminary List of Canadian Orthoptera, 69-72,
in the Eighteenth Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1887. Toronto,
1888.
Cent. Ins. Rar.—Centuria [nsectorum rariorum. (See C. von Linne.)
Cent. Orth.— Century of Orthoptera. (See S. H. Scudder.)
Coquillet, D. W.—Refort of the Locusts of the San Joaquin Valley,
California. 289-303. Rept. Com. Agr., 1885.
Coquillet, D. W.— Do. Rept. Ex. Rept. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agr.,
1885. 1-17. Washington, 1886.
Davis, W. T.—Zust of Orthoptera found on Staten Island. WV, 78-81
Ent. Am., April, 1889.
De Geer, C.—Meémoires pour servir a 0 historire des Insectes. 7 Tom.
4to. Stockholm, 1752-78. (Orthoptera, Tome III, 1773.)
De Haan,W.—Sidragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera, in the Ver-
handelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche
overzeesche Bezittingen door de leden der natuurkuundige Com-
missie in Indie en andere Schrijvers. Uitgegeven door C. J.
Temminch. Fol. Leiden, 1839-44. (Orthoptera, 1842.)
186 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Ent. Am.—Zxtomologica Americana. (See Wm. T. Davis.)
Ent. N. Am. Ed. Lec.— 7he Complete Writings.of Thomas Say on the
Entomology of North America. (See T. Say.)
Ent. Notes VI.—Zux/omological Notes VI. (See S. H. Scudder.)
Ex. App. JJ. Chief Eng. 1876.-—2Lxtiact (Appendix H 9) from Ap-
pendix JJ of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1876.
(See 6: El Seudder. }
Fabricius, J. C.—Systema entomologie sistens insectorum classes, or-
dines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus,
observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae. 1775. 8vo.
Fernald, C. H.—7Zhe Orthoptera of New England, designed for the
use of students in the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and the
farmers of the State. 1-61, 24th Annual Report of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College, Jan., 1887.
Faune Entom. Can.— -aune Entomologique du Canada et particu-
larierement de la Province de Quebec. (See L’ Abbe Provancher. )
Fin. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Neb.—/imal Report of the United
States Geological Survey of Nebraska and Portions of the Adjacent
Territories, made under the directions of the Commissioner of the
General Land Office by F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist.
Washington, 1872. 8vo. (See S. H. Scudder.)
Fischer, L. H.—Orthoptera Europaea. Lipsiae, 1853. 4to.
Garman, H.— Zhe Orthoptera of Kentucky. From Sixth Ann. Rept.
Ky. Agr. Ex. Sta., 1-10. Lexington, 1894.
Hand. Ent. IIl.—Handbuch Entomology. (See H. Burmeister. )
Harris, Thad. W.— Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. (Ex-
tract from Catalogue of the Animals and Plants of Massachusetts.)
By E. Hitchcock. Amherst, 1835.
Harris, Thad. W.— A 7reatise on Some of the Insects of New En-
gland Which are Injurious to Vegetation.. Second edition. Boston,
1852. $8vo. (First edition, 1841.)
Harris, Thad. W.— 4 Treatise on Some of the Insects [njurtous to
Vegetation. Third edition, Boston, 1862 (posthumous).
Hist. Nat. Orth.— Astoire naturelle des insectes Orthopteres. (See
J. G. Audinet Serville.)
Ins. Afr. Amr.— /vsects recuillis en Afrique et en Amerique. (See
A.M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois. )
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 187
Ins. Am. Mer.—De /nsectorum in America meridionali habitantium
vitae genere. (See M. Perty.)
Ins. Life. — /rsect Life. Devoted to the economy and life-habits of
insects, especially in their relation to agriculture. Published by
the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture. Periodical bulle-
tin. Division of Entomclogy, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Washington. 8vo.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.—/ournal of the Academy of Natural
Science of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 8vo. (See T. Say.)
Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.—/ournal of the Boston Society of Nat-
ural History. Boston. 8vo.
Linne, C. von.— Systema Naturae par regna tria naturae. secundum
classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis,
synonymis, locis. Editio decim reformata. 2 Tom. Holmiae,
1858-9 (Orthoptera, Tom. I, 1758).
Linne, C. von.—Dvitto. Editio duodecim reformata’ 3 Tom, 8vo.
Holmiz, 1766-7. (Orthoptera, Tom. II, 1767.)
Linne, C. von.— Ditto. Editio decima tertia ad editionem duodec-
imam reformatam Holmiensam. 3 Tom. in 4 vols., 8vo. Vin-
dobone, 1767-70. (Orthoptera, Tom. I, 1767.) -
Linne, C. von.— Centuria [nsectorum rariorum. 4to. Upsaliae,
~1763.
Linne, C. von.— Ditto, in the Amoenitates Academicz seu disserta-
tiones physicee, medicz, botanicze antehac seorsim edite nunc
collectae et aucte cum tabulis eneis, Tom. VI. 8vo. Holmiz,
1763.
Lintner, J. A.—Chimarocephala viridifasciata, DeGeer. ‘The Green-
striped Locust. 187-198. Second Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1885.
McNeill, Jerome.— 4 Lust of the Orthoptera of Illinois. 11, Ac-
rididz (CEdipodini, Truxalini). Psyche, Vol. VI, 62—66.. April,
1891.
Mem. Acad. St. Peter. V.—AHemipterorum maxillosorum genera tl-
lustrata. (See C. P. Thunberg.)
Mem. Ins.—Mémoires pour servir 1 histoire des insectes. (See C. De
[7 eer.)
Mem. Soc. Zool. France.—Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de
France. Paris, 8vo. (See Ignacio Bolivar.)
188 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Morse, Albert Pitts —4 Mew Species of Stenobothrus from Connect-
ecut, with remarks on other New England species. Psyche, VI,
477-479. June, 1893.
Morse, Albert Pitts.—Ving-length in Some New England Acri-
didz. NII, 13-55. Psyche, January, 1894.
Morse, Albert Pitts.—4 Preliminary List of the Acridide of New
England. VII, t0o2-108. Psyche, June—September, 1894.
Morse, S. P.—Wores on the Orthoptera of Penikese and Cuttyhunk.
Psyche, VII, 179-80. Dec., 1894.
Morse, S. P.—Wotes on the Acridide of New England, Il. Trux-
ating. In Psyche, VII, 323-327, 342-344, 382-384, 402-403,
407-411, 419-422, 443-445, pl. vii. January—December,
1896.
N. Am. Fauna, 7.— North American Fauna, No. 7. The Death
Valley Expedition, a biological survey of parts of California,
Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. Part II, 1-393, pl. i-xiv, maps i-v.
Washington, 1893.
Ninth Rep. Ins. IN.— Zhe Ninth Report on the Noxious and Bene
ficial Insects of Mlinois.. (See Cyrus Thomas. )
Nov. Act. Upsal. 1X.— 7ruxats insectd genus tllustratum. (See C.
P. Thunberg. )
Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh.— Ofversigt of konglingen vetenskap—akademi
ens forhandiingar. (See C. Stal.)
Orth. Eur.—-Orthoptera Europaea. (See L. H. Fischer.)
Orth. Nov. Am., Ser. Il.—Orthoptera nova americana, Series IT.
(See H. de Saussure. )
Orth. N. E.— Zhe Orthoptera of New England. (See C.H. Fernald.)
Osborn, Herbert.— Ox the Orthopterous Fauna of Towa. In the
Can. Ent., xxiv, 36. Feb., 1892. An abstract of a-paper read
before the Lowa Acad. of Sciences, Dec. 29, 1891.
Osborn, Herbert.— Ox the Orthopterous Fauna of Towa. In the
Proc. Iowa Acad. of Sci. for 1890-91. I, 2-6. Des Moines,
1892.
Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J.—J/nsectes recueillis en Afrique
et en Amérique, dans les royaumes d’Oware a Saint Domingue et
dans les Etats-unis pendant les années 1786-97.. Fol. Paris,
1805-21.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINAZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 189
Perty, M. de.—J/nsectorum in America meridionali habitantium vite
genere, moribus ac distributione geographica observationes non-
nullz ; in Delectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per
Brasilium annis 1817—20 jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Joseph I,
Bavarie regis augustissime peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix
et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Degessit, descripsit, pingenda cura-
vit Dr. Maximilianus Perty, praefatus est et edidit C. F. Ph. de
Martius. Fol. Monachii, 1830-34.
Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Mont.—Preliminary Report of
the United States Geological Survey of Montana and the Adjacent
Territories, being a fifth annual report of progress. By F. V.
Hayden, United States Geologist. Washington, 1872. PI. i-vi,
pp. 1-538. 8vo. (See Cyrus Thomas.)
Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Wyo.— Preliminary’ Report of
the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming and Portions of
Contiguous Territories. By F. V. Hayden, United States Geolo-
gist. Washington, 1871. 8vo.
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.— Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Science of Philadelphia. Published by the Society.
Proc. Am. Ent. Soc.—Proceedings of the American Entomological
Society. Philadelphia. 8vo.
Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.—Proceedings of the Boston Society of Nat-
’ ural History. Boston. Published by the Society.
Proc. Dav. Ac. N. S.—Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of
Natural Sciences. Published by the Society.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 8vo.
Proc. Iowa Ac. Sci.— Proceedings of the Lowa Academy of Science.
Des Moines. 8vo.
Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist.— Proceedings of the Portland Soctety of
Natural History. Portland, Maine. (See Sidney I. Smith.)
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.— Proceedings of the United States National
Museum. Washington. 8vo.
Prod. Eur. Orth.— Prodromus der Europaischen Orthoptera. (See
Brunner von Wattenwyl.)
Provancher, Leon.— /aune entomologique du Canada. Vol. I.
Fasc. i., Les Orthopteres et les Nevropteres (Orthoptera, p. i-v
and 1-53, figs. 1-9). November, 1877. Quebec. 8vo.
[Proo, D, A.N.S., Vol. VI.) 24 {November 30, 1896].
Igo DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Psyche.—4 Journal of Entomology. (Established in 1874.) Pub-
lished by the Cambridge Entomological Club. Cambridge, Mass.,
DesoA.
Rathvon, 8S. S.—Orthoptera. 374-390, pl. iv, fig. 129. Rept. Com.
Agr., 1862. Washington, 1863.
Recen. Orth., I.—Recensio Orthopterorum, part I. (See C. Stal.)
Rept. Com. Agr.—Refort of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Wash-
ington. 8vo.
Rept. Conn. Sec. Agr.—Axnual Report of the Secretary of Agricul-
ture for Connecticut. Wartford. 8vo. (See S. I. Smith.)
Rept. Geol. New Hamp.— Final Report upon the Geology of New
Hampshire. (See S. H. Scudder.)
Rept. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer. V. Zool. — Report upon the Collec-
tions of Orthoptera made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California,
and Arizona during the years 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874. (See
Cyrus Thomas. )
Rept. Ins. N. Y.— Report on the [njurious and other Insects of the
State of New York. Albany. 8vo. (See J. A. Lintner.)
Rept. U.S. Ent. Com. 2nd.— Second Report of the United States En-
tomological Commission for the Vears 1878 and 1879. Relating to
the Rocky Mountain Locust and the Western Cricket, and treat-
ing of the best means of subduing the locust in its permanent
breeding grounds, witha view of preventing its migrations into
other fertile portions of the trans- Mississippi country, in pursuance
of appropriations made by Congress for this purpose, with map
and illustrations. Pp. i-xviiil, 1-322, (1)—(80), maps 1-6, 1-4,
pl. i-xvili. Washington, 1880.
App. 11.—Lést of the Orthoptera Collected by Dr. A. S. Packard in
the Western United States in the Summer of 1877. (23)—(28),
pl. i:
Rept. U.S. Ent. Com. 3d.—7hird Report of the United States En-
tomological Commission, relating to the Rocky Mountain Locust,
the Army Worm, and the Hessian Fly, together with descriptions
of larve of injurious forest insects, studies on the embryological
development of the locust and on other insects, and on the sys-
tematic position of the Orthofrera in relation to other orders of
insects. Pp. i-xiv, 1-347, (1)—-(11), (1)-(92), pl. i-xliv, maps
i-iii. Washington, 1883. 8vo.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. IQI
Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1873.—Report of the United States
Geological Survey of the Territories. F.V. Hayden, United States
Geologist, in charge. In five volumes. Washington, 1873. 4to.
Volume V. Zoology and Botany. Parti. Synopsis of the Acri-
didz of North America. By Cyrus Thomas, Ph.D.
Rev. Et. Mag. de Zool.— Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, pure et ap-
plique. Recueil mensuel destiné a faciliter aux savants de tous les
pays les moyens de publier leur observations de zoologie pure et
appliquee a l’industrie et a l’agriculture leur travaux de paleon-
tologie d’anatomie et de physiologie comparées et a leur tenir au
courrant des nouvelles decouvertes et de progress de la science.
Paris. 8vo.
Rev. Sys. Orth.—Révsion du Systeme des Orthoptéres. (See Brun-
ner von Wattenwy]. )
Riley, C. V.—Report on a Small Collection of Insects made during the
Death Valley Expedition. 235—-252,in N. Am. Fauna, 7. Wash-
ington, 1843.
Say, T.— Description of New Hemipterous Insects collected in the ex-
pedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Cal-
houn, Secretary of War, under the command of Major Long. In
the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia,
Vol. 1V. Philadelphia, 1825. 8vo.
Say, T.— Zhe Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of
North America, edited by John L. Le Conte, M.D: 2 Vols. 8vo.
New York, 1859. (Posthumous.) See also Uhler, P. R.
Saussure, H. de.— Orthoptera nova Americana. Diagnoses prelimi-
naries (Series II) from the Rev. et Mag. de Zool., Mars, 1861.
26,15 9.03.8 3:
Schufeldt, R. W.— Orthoféera, in observations upon a collection of
insects made in the vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana, during
the years 1882 and 1883. Pp. 331-336. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
VLE 2884.
Scudder, S. H.—Marerials for a Monograph of North American Or-
thoptera, including a catalogue of the known New England species
in the Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, no. 3, 409-480. Boston, 1862.
Scudder, S. H.—Zuzst of Orthoptera Collected on a Trip from Assini-
boia to Cumberland. In Can. Nat., VII, art. xxix, 283-288, Au-
gust, 1862.
1g2 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Scudder, S. H.— Songs of Grasshoppers. II, 113, Am. Nat., 1868.
Scudder, S. H.— Descriptions of New Species of Orthoptera in the
Collection of the American Entomological Society. In ‘Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., II, 305-307. April, 1869.
Scudder, S. H.—Wores on the Orthoptera Collected by F. V. Hayden
in Nebraska. 251—261, in Final Report U. S. Geol. Surv. Neb.
Toyz.
Scudder, S. H.—7Z%e Distribution of Insects in New Hampshire. A
chapter from the first volume of the Fin. Rept. Geol. New Hamp.,
331-384, maps 1, 2, figs..46-59, pl. A. Concord, 1874.
Scudder, S. H.—Wotice of the Butterflies and Orthoptera collected by
Mr. George M. Dawson, as Naturalist of the B. N. A. Boundary
Commission. Appendix D, 341-345, in Brit. N. Am. Bound.
Com. Montreal, 1875.
Scudder, S. H.—A Century of Orthoptera. In Proc. Bost. Soc. N.H.
Decade IV. Acridi?, XVII, 510-517. Aug., 1875. Decade
VII. Acridtt, XIX, 27-35. April and May, 1877.
Scudder, S. H.— Orth. Coll. A. S. Packardin Colorado and neighbor-
ing territories during the summer of 1875. 261-267 in Bul. U.
S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., II, 1876.
Scudder, S. H.— Report upon the Orthoptera Collected by the Expedt-
tion for Geographical Surveys West of the rooth Meridian during
the field season of 1875. Lieut. George M. Wheeler, Corps of
Engineers.U. S. Army, in charge. Extract Appendix H 9 from
Appendix JJ of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for
1876, 498-515. 1876.
Scudder, S. H.—Zis¢ of Orthoptera Collected by A. S. Packard, Jr.,
in the Western United States in the summer of 1877. In Second
Report U. S. Ent. Com. App. II, (32)—(28), pl. xvii.
Scudder, S. H.—Zvtomological Notes V7. Reprinted from the Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1-55. 1877-78. Boston. <3vo-
Scudder, S. H.— Z%e Songs of our Grasshoppers and Crickets. 62—
78, 23d Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1892. Toronto, 1893.
Serville, J. G. Audinet.—//storre naturelle des insectes Orthopteres.
Pp. iii-xviii, 1-776, 1-4, pl. i-xiv. Paris, 1839. 8vo.
Smith, John B.—Locusts and Crickets. 30-31 in report upon cran-
berry and hop insects. 9-50 in Bul. no. 4, U.S. Dept. of Agr.,
Div. of Ent. 1884.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 193
Smith, John B.—Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets. Being Bul. go
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Dec. 8, 1892. 1-
34. 8vo. This article is reprinted in Report of the Entomolog-
ical Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experi-
ment Station for the year 1892. 408-439, pl. ii.
Smith, Sidney I.— Ox the Orthofptera of the State of Maine. From
the Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist., 143-151. February, 1868.
Smith, Sidney I.—Grasshoppers and Their Altes. In Report of
the Entomologist to the Connecticut Board of Agriculture in the
Rept. Conn. Secy. Agr., 350-383. Hartford, 1872.
Syn. Ort. Esp.— Synopsis de les Ortopteros de Espana y Portugal.
(See Ignacio Bolivar. )
Sys. Ent.— Systema Entomologia. (See J. C. Fabricius.)
Sys. Nat. Orth. I.— Systema nature per regna tria nature. (See C.
von Linné.)
Stal, C.— Ofversigt of konlingen vetenskaps akademiens forhandlingar.
Stockholm.
Thomas, Cyrus. O/rthopftera. In Insects Injurious to Vegetation
in Illinois. Vol. V, 439-454, 1861-4, in the Transactions of the
Illinois State Agricultural Society, with report from County Agri-
cultural Societies and Kindred Associations. Springfield, 1865.
8vo.
Thomas, Cyrus.— Descriptions of Grasshoppers from Colorado. In
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., no. 2, 74-84. July, 1870.
Thomas, Cyrus.—d4 List and Description of New Species of Orthop-
tera. 265-284 in the Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming.
1870.
Thomas, Cyrus.— Contributions to Orthopterology. In Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 149-153. July, 1871.
Thomas, Cyrus.—JVotes on the Saltatorial Orthoptera of the Rocky
Mountain Regions. 423-466 in the Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Mont. Washington, 1872. S8vo.
Thomas, Cyrus.—Syn. Acrid. N. Am. 1-262, pl. i, figs. 1-17,
pt. i, vol. V, Zoology and Botany in Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv.
Meera ho 73)
Thomas, Cyrus.—Description of some New Orthoptera, and notes on
some species but little known. 63-71 in Bul. 2 U.S. Geol. and
Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 1874. Washington. $8vo.
194 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Thomas, Cyrus.—Pefort on the Collections of Orthoptera made in
portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and
Arizona during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Chapter
xiii, 844-908, pl. xlili-xlv, in vol. V, Zoology of Rept. Geog.
and Geol Ex. Surv. W. 100 Mer., 1875. Washington.
Thomas, Cyrus.—A List of the Orthoptera of Llinois. Article vii
(59-69), in Bul. 1, Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., Dec. 29, 1876.
Thomas, Cyrus.—A List of Orthoptera collected by J. Duncan
Putnam, of Davenport, lowa, during the summers of 1872, 1873,
1874, and 1875, chiefly in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming Terri-
tories. In the Proc: Dav. Ac. N. 5., I, 249=264.. -Julyg.18765
Pl. xXXvi.
Thomas, Cyrus.—7Zhe Acridide of Illinois, being pt. III of the
Manual of Economic Entomology, 73-142 of the 9th Rept. Nox.
and Ben. Ins. Ill. 1880o.
Thunberg, C. P.— Hemipterorum Maxillosorum Genera IMlustrata.
In the Mémoires de l’Academe Impériale des Sciences de St.
Pétersbourg. Tome V. St. Pétersbourg, 1815. 4to.
Thunberg, C. P.—7Zruxalis Insecti Genus Ilustratum. In the Nova
Acta Regiae Societatis Upsaliensis. Tome IX. Upsaliae, 1827.
Townsend, C. H. Tyler.— Biologic Notes on New Mexico Insects.
Can. Ent., xxiv, 193-200. Aug., 1892.
Townsend, C. H. Tyler.—On the Injurious and Other Locusts of
New Mexico and Arizona. V1, 29-32. Ins. Life, 1893.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.— Zransactions of the American Entomolog-
tcal Society. Philadelphia. 8vo.
Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., V.—Orthoptera In Insects Injurious
to Vegetation in Illinois. (See Cyrus Thomas. )
Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg.—4 7Zreatise on Some of the Insects Injurtous to
Vegetation. (See Thad. W. Harris.)
Uhler, P. R.—Orthopterological Contributions. 543-555, vel. Il of
the Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. March, 1864.
Uhler, P. R.—Refort upon the Insects Collected by P. R. Uhler dur-
ing the explorations of 1875, including monographs of the fam-
ilies Cydnide and Salde and the Hemiptera collected by A. S.
Packard, Jr., M.D., being Art. XIV in Bul. U.S. Geol. and Geog.
Surv. Terr., III. Washington, 1877 (Orthoptera, 357-361, and
791-796). -
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/ OF NORTH AMERICA. 195
Walker, Francis.— Catalogue of Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria
b:
in the Collection of the British Museum. London. 8vo. Part
Ill: 325-604. 1870, Part IV. -605—609. 1870. Part V.
811-850. 1871. Supplement to Blattariz, 1-43, 1871. Sup-
plement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Saltatoria, 1-95, 1871.
On the Geographical Distribution of Dermaptera, 96-116, 1871.
KEY TO TRUXALIN/:.
Head distinctly longer than the pronotum, eyes very oblique,
nearly horizontal; metasternal lobes contiguous. (Fig. 2b, 2c.)
Tegmina very much shorter than the abdomen ; spines of the pos-
terior tibiz minute and numerous, about 25.... Fs
PLU OR PGS Ae hk he SRO PR eerie tes 1.—Radinotatum, Nn. gen.
he preniin caine the abdomen ; spines of the posterior tibize less
MUMIETGUS) aboutenG. he. Pies wos wie he. Bi eer Sauss:
Head sometimes equaling, never exceeding, the pronotum in
length.
Mesosternal lobes separated by a space almost linear in its narrow-
est part (Fig.3b); metasternal lobes iNais in both male and
femialectenc)s Wasb. anus .3.—Mermiria, Stal.
ea lobes eed by a space never much longer than
‘broad (Fig. 4b), generally broader than long (Fig. 11b) ; metaster-
nal lobes rarely approximate in the male, very rarely in the female.
Antenne triquetrous (Fig. 4a) or strongly depressed at the base and
distinctly acuminate (Fig.5a); pronotum with the lateral lobes
vertical and straight and the lateral carinz not at all sinuate
(Fig.5a); median carina of the pronotum generally cut much be-
hind the middle (Fig. 3a); the disk plain and unstriped.
Spines of the exterior margin of the posterior tibia 15 or more ;
posterior margin of the disk of the pronotum nearly straight,
scarcely angled or rounded..........4.—Pseudopomala, Morse.
Spines on the exterior margin of the posterior tibia less than 15 ;
posterior margin of the disk of the pronotum obtusely angled or
rounded.
Tegmina exceeding the abdomen considerably in both sexes (in
some large females but little) ; lateral carinze of the pronotum quite
as distinct as the median ; spurs at the apex of the posterior tibiz
on the inner side about equal.............5.—Z7uxalis, Fabr.
196 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
E.2 Tegmina not exceeding the abdomen, even in the male.
Ft Lateral foveolee of the vertex linear and distinct (Fig.6); tegmina
quite unspotted ; inner spurs of the posterior tibiz equal.......
SaNe Oh ten eae GENS ars ar Clanrune fav ae ..6.—Vapara, n. gen.
ifn ate foveolz less Esumee a sub- ican nee or obsolete; teg-
mina more or less distinctly spotted as well as the face and prono-
tum ; inner tibial spurs very unequal, the longer but little shorter
than the first tarsal joint... 2.005 0.0.5 0% 9. —— Ov eigen
C.2, Antenne never triquetrous (Fig.4a), sometimes plainly depressed
basally and acuminate (Fig.5a), most commonly filiform (Fig. 10a),
rarely clavate (Fig.ga) ; pronotum with the lateral lobes less dis-
tinctly vertical, with the lateral carinz very rarely quite straight,
but gently (Fig.12a) or strongly (Fig.1oa) sinuate near the mid-
dle, median carina of the pronotum generally cut in or not far
behind the middle. (Figs. ga, 10a.)
D.: Tempora either foveolate or plain, not visible from above. (Figs.
7a, 8a, 11a.)
E.* Scutellum of the vertex with a distinct median carina which is
usually a coarse raised line stronger anteriorly. (Figs. 7a,8a,124.)
F.* Spurs on the inner side of the posterior tibia very unequal, the
apical spur being twice as Jong as the other (Figs. 8 and 9g); an-
tenne very greatly exceeding the head and pronotum.
G.* Antenne depressed basally and distinctly acuminate. No supple-
mentary carinz (compare Fig.ga) present either upon the head or
disk of the pronotum’):. We 4428c 458. = Pedetieum, a. Sen
G.?, Antenne depressed apically and somewhat clavate. Supplement-
ary carinee accompanying the median carina upon either the head
or the disk of the pronotum. (Fig.ga)..... 9.—Lritettix, Bruner.
F.2 Spines of the inner side of the posterior tibiae about equal in
length. (Fig. 11.)
G.t Spines on the exterior margin of the ais tibiz 19-21.
PEG is Moi aka Sas Whe Oe De ee Re ee Stal.
G2 Spies of the exterior margin ate posterior ‘ie not exceeding 15.
H.t Median carina of the pronotum cut in the middle by the princi-
pal sulcus.
I.t Color striped distinctly or obscurely. Scapular area of the tegmina
broader than the mediastine area. (Fig. 11.)
J... Lateral carinze of the pronotum obsolete, median carina accom-
panied by a supplementary pair upon the disk. (Fig. 11a).
.11.—Amphitornus, n. gen.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. 197
.2 Lateral carine of the pronotum present, median carina not accom-
p p
panied by sagt carine upon the disk. (Fig. 12a) .
bitten dee pe BAe Mende Boretale ..12.—Akentetus, n. gen.
1 Gabe fais sca ies area TOE We elytra not broader than the me-
p Pp y
diastine area. (Fig. 13.)............13.—Ambitropidia, Stal.
H.? Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the middle by
the principal sulcus. . paakasies. .14.— Chloealtis, Harr.
E.?, Scutellum of the vertex efit no epee sebin carina. (Fig.15a.)
F.t Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the middle by
the principal sulcus. _
G.' Posterior margin of the metazone angulate. ‘Tegmina usually
much shorter than the abdomen, with the ulnar area not very
much wider than the discoidal area. (Fig. 22, u.a., d.a.)...
Bee rai a a : .15.—Dichromorpha, Morse.
G.?_ Posterior margin of the metazone rounded or not distinctly angu-
late. Tegmina not much shorter than the abdomen, with the
ulnar area very wide and several times as broad as the discoidal
SISA Lae a ee poe eae oe is BO. = Chmorepnamas™ Morse.
F.2, Median carina cut near the middle by the principal sulcus.
is flint thie never red... 2 «22's se ee oe Be Or pnala Sak
G.?, Hind tibiz red.
H.t Antenne depressed basally, long and acuminate; face strongly
oblique. . pew ae eels chaos ad he ea ed BOs AA, Erne
H.? Antenne filiform, fica manehanety Gitaie in the male, subperpen-
dicular in the female................19.—Phiibostroma, Scud.
D.? Tempora plain or foveolate, visible from above (in Mecostethus
small or minute, triangular, and basal (Fig.22a). In this case the
intercalary vein is very strong (Fig.22). In Aodtettix, female, not
very easily visible from above as they are almost vertical plain
triangular spaces (Figs. 23a and 23b). In this case the antennz
are shorter than the head and pronotum and the lateral carine of
the pronotum are wanting).
E.t_ The vertex is not bounded in front by a raised line and, viewed
from the side, it does not form an angle with the face. (Figs 20
and 21; compare 22 and 23.) The tempora are very faintly im-
pressed spaces which are very strongly declivent. Intercalary
vein of the tegmina wanting. (Figs. 20, 21.)
F.t. Tegmina plain; lateral carine of the pronotum very little sinuate.
...20.— Bodpedon, Thos.
[Proo, D. A.N.S., Vol. VI.) 20 [December 2, 1896].
198 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
F.2, Tegmina rae: ae ; lateral carinee of the pronotum strongly
sinuate. estes abate Mis: 21.—Plectrophorus, n. gen.
E.2, The vertex Manda in ork ee a area line, viewed from the side
it forms a more or less distinct angle with the face or it is not at
all angulate.
F.t Median carina of the pronotum high and sharp, cut by the prin-
cipal sulcus in, or plainly in front of, the middle. Intercalary vein
very strong. hee spurs on the inner side of the posterior tibiz
_ subequal. . HUG ated abe See Wop es ek OD = LOST a Sree
F.2, Median carina ioe the Sees rarely cut plainly in front of the
middle, in this case it is not high and sharp, or.the intercalary
vein is not strong. (In Strapleura and Psoloéssa the intercalary
vein is present but not very strong and the inner apical spurs of
the posterior tibiae are very unequal).
G.t Lateral carine of the pronotum entirely obsolete even on the met-
azone and the anterior of the prozone. Scapular area of the teg-
mina of the male forming a conspicuous musical organ.
H.! Vertex of the head forming an acute angle with the face; tempora
nearly plain triangular spaces........... 23.—Bo6tettix, Bruner.
H.? Vertex of the head forming an obtuse angle with the face. Tem-
pora impressed, trapezoidal... .24.—Ligurotettix, n. gen.
G.? Lateral carine of the pronotum usually distinct, present at least
upon the metazone and the anterior part of the prozone.
H.! Tempora elongate, narrow, from two to four times as long as
broad. The apical spur on the inner side of the posterior tibiae
is much less than twice as long as the one beside it.
I.t Antennee filiform.
J.:. Median carina of the pronotum cut in the middle. Posterior mar-
gin of the pronotum plainly more angulate than the antefior.
rater e 2s eh Ae eRe 25.—Stenobothrus, Fisch.
qe? Wieden carina i the a ee cut flail behind the middle.
Posterior margin of the pronotum not more angulate than the an-
terior. % ieee S0/e aiyene tad Sanya eae eae .26.—Brunneria, n. gen.
ie nee A evare: site \eaeoipraapees .27.— Gomphocerus, Thunb.
H.? Tempora short, little more git once as long as broad or, when
twice as long, the apical spur on the inner side of the posterior
tibize is twice as long as the one beside it.
I. Posterior margin of the metazone straight or just perceptibly an-
gulate. Pronotum shorter than the head, which is very large.
..28.—Pnigodes, n. gen,
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. I99
I.2. Posterior margin of the metazone distinctly or strongly angulate.
Pronotum never shorter than the head, generally plainly longer
(viewed from above).
J.!. Median carina of the pronotum cut behind the middle of the pro-
notum. Vertex of the head destitute of a median carina. Pos-
terior ae of the metazone very ages angulate
SITE Wh Viccnaerke Wy ere aera mt 20 semereys, Do en, —
J? bela, carina of the pronotum cut more or less plainly in front of
the middle, never behind. Summit of the head furnished with a
more or less distinct median carina which sometimes extends
nearly or quite to the tip of the vertex and is most distinct on the
posterior part of the scutellum. Posterior margin of the meta-
zone strongly angulate.
K.: Lateral lobes of the pronotum furnished with a single or double
series of short irregular and sometimes indistinct carinz which ex-
tend from about the middle of the anterior margin toward or to the
upper posterior angle; also with asecond more distinct, low, broad,
light-colored carina which extends from the middle of each lobe
toward the lower posterior angle. Sometimes this carina is dis-
tinct only at the anterior end. Face nearly perpendicular, rarely
very moderately inclined. Frontal costa sulcate throughout, acu-
minate at the vertex and regularly aes Deli < More spanehe
: ae eer. ‘a, Scud.
m7 Bateel rhe of the aint destittice ee carine. Face distinctly
and considerably oblique. Frontal costa not sharply acuminate
above and scarcely sulcate at any point... . 31.—Psoloéssa, Scud.
I. RADINOTATUM,,* n. gen. Fig. 1.
Sexes very unequal in size. Body very slender and considerably
compressed. Head plainly longer than the pronotum, elongate pyra-
midal with the occiput and vertex in the same plane, ascending, the
face extremely inclined and, viewed from the side, decidedly sinuate.
The vertex in front of the eyes is about as long as the eyes, somewhat
longer than broad with the lateral margins parallel, and suddenly and
roundly acuminate in front where they form an angle a little greater
than go degrees. The margins of the vertex are not raised, but are
extended horizontally into lamella which are wider anteriorly where
they equal the lesser diameter of the eye. The scutellum of the ver-
,
* Padivotator, a very slender thing.
200 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
tex is concave with a median carina which continues to the end of the
body. The tempora are entirely wanting. ‘The frontal costa is a high,
narrow ridge just below the vertex, very quickly expanding to form a
very narrow deeply sulcate costa with the walls elevated and nearly
parallel except on the lower part of the face where they expand slightly.
The antenne are short, triquetrous, placed higher than the eyes. The
eyes are elongate ovate and are placed nearly horizontally. The ocelli
are above the eyes instead of in front of them. ‘The pronotum has
all of the carinze distinct and parallel, the median only being cut by
the principal transverse incision about one-fourth the distance from
the posterior border which is straight. The lateral lobes are vertical,
with the lower border straight, the lower angles sharp, the anterior
obtuse, the posterior acute, the anterior border very oblique and straight
and the posterior border with a reéntral angle. Mesosternal lobes
approximate, at least behind, in both male and female, metasternal
lobes approximate behind in the female, approximate throughout in
the male. ‘Tegmina very rudimentary. Supra-anal plate of the male
very long and acute, much exceeding the last ventral segment. Pos-
terior femora very slender, scarcely compressed, with the apical angles
produced. Spines of the posterior tibia minute and very numerous.
Inner apical spur of the posterior tibiz much longer than the outer.
This genus is based upon the single species formerly known as Achw-
rum brevipenne, Thos. The genus Achurum was founded upon the
species 4. suwmichrastt, Sauss., and made by Stal to include the closely
allied species A. acridodes, Stal, but these species are so radically dif-
ferent from &. drevipenne, Thos., in the structure of the posterior
femora, and in the last ventral segment of the male, as well as in the
tegmina, in the absence of the lateral foveolz, and in other particulars,
that it makes the erection of a new genus advisable.
In part, Zruxals (Achurum) Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am. Ser.
Lh aay
In part, Achurum, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth. I, 89.
In part, Achurum, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth. 118.
R. BREVIPENNE, Thos. Fig. 1a, rb.
Length (male). ss .)s..°..%. 35 9 “mom Gemale)e 2 472. 430) samnae
Tepmindiy ce tere sc, Yee oe) A IES Pera g MaMateE eet: 5 om)
ARE Nse ye tas ieee che © 6) | mime i Pea» oe 'O. Fania
Post: Mem Ge yee ag es ene 4 SE aK Peete vials LOU
MCNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 201
The median carina of the head is faint upon the posterior part of the
occiput. The transverse sulci of the pronotum are obsolete except the
principal one, which is barely visible as cutting the median carina.
The lateral carinz are not cut by any incision. The tegmina are about
as long as the pronotum, very narrow, bluntly pointed and separated
by a space nearly twice as great as their width. The posterior femora
are very much (male) or decidedly (female) shorter than abdomen,
very little expanded at the base. ‘The spines of the posterior tibize are
minute and very numerous, being about 25 on the outside. The supra-
anal plate of the male is five times as long as the last abdominal seg-
ment and projects far beyond the abdomen.
Truxalts brevipennis, Thos., 1873. Syn.Acrid. N.Am.,58,pl.fig.12.
Achurum brevipennis, Scud, 1877. Ent. Notes, VI, 29.
Hab. This species has been reported only from Florida, where it is
probably not uncommon in suitable situations. According to Scudder
itis common about Fort Reed, Fla. I have specimens from Orange,
Fla., and the National Museum contains a female, which seems to be
Thomas’ type, and a single male without a label.
II. ACHURUM, Sauss. Fig. 2.
Sexes not very unequal in size, very slender, with the head longer
than the pronotum and the face approaching horizontal. The vertex
is much longer than wide with the sides parallel and the front rounded,
extending in front of the eyes a distance equal to their length. It is
convex with a plain median carina. ‘At the sides it is somewhat lam-
ellate and horizontally extended. The frontal costa is a high, nar-
row ridge just below the vertex. A short distance below, it becomes
sulcate and the sides are slightly divergent to the ocellus, below which
they diverge with increasing rapidity and reach the clypeus. The
face, seen from the side, is distinctly sinuate. The lateral foveole are
distinctly linear and are separated from the face by a delicate carina.
The eyes are long, elliptical, nearly horizontal and near the middle of
the head. The antenne are much flattened, triquetrous, regularly
acuminate, and shorter than the head and pronotum. The pronotum
is plain above with the three carinz distinct and parallel; they are
cut by the principal sulcus much behind the middle. The posterior
margin of the metazone is roundly angulate. The lateral lobes of the
pronotum are vertical and distinctly higher behind with the anterior
and posterior borders much inclined, the latter sinuate and the lower
202 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
straight and in the same straight line with the lower margin of the
cheeks. The prosternum has a very low pyramidal spine. The meso-
sternal lobes are separated by a space longer than broad in both sexes,
and the metasternal lobes are contiguous behind. ‘The tegmina and
wings are very long and narrow; they exceed the abdomen much or
little in length. The tegmina have the anal field forming a distinct
angle with the discoidal field and they are acutely pointed. The ovi-
positor is small and moderately exerted. The posterior femora are
unusually compressed and moderately wide on the basal portion.
Their apical angles are produced into two blunt spines.
The posterior tibize are furnished on the outside with about 17 mod-
erate spines and they have the apical spurs on the outside not very un-
equal to those on the inside. ‘The supra-anal plate of the male is much
shorter than the last ventral segment, which is acutely tapering and
sharpest at the apex.
Achurum, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am. II, 15.
Achurum, Stal., 1873. _ Recen. Orth., I, 89.
Achurum, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 118.
This is a North American genus represented by only two species.
KEY TO ACHURUM, Sauss.
A.t Tegmina much exceeding the abdomen ; pronotum alutaceo-ru-
POSE n tes Gowler a ci hele tea aati menses 1.—Sumichrasti, Sauss.
1. ACHURUM SUMICHRASTI, Sauss. Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c.
Truxalis (Achurum) sumichrast, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am.,
fe ie .
Truxalis (Achurum) sumichrastt, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am.,
195.
Achurum sumichrastt, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., III, 518.
Achurum sumichrast, Stal., 1873. Recen. Orth., I, ror.
Hab. This species is said by Saussure to belong to the temperate
regions of Mexico. The National Museum contains specimens from
Fort Grant, Arizona.
2. ACHURUM ACRIDODES, Stal.
Truxalis acridodes, Stal., 1873. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Férh., 30:4, p. 52.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 203
Achurum acridodes, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, ror..
Achurum acridodes, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Surv. W.
100 M., V, Zool., 865.
Hab. Mexico. It is doubtful whether this species is distinct from
A. sumichrastt. 1 have not seen it.
Ill. MERMIRIA, Stil. Fig. 3.
The head is long, sometimes equaling the pronotum, with the top
slightly ascending, transversely moderately convex. Vertex horizontal,
triangular or semi-elliptical, convex but more or less sulcate near the
lateral carinze, which are more or less distinct, never sharp and high,
and which meet at an acute angle or are shortly or broadly rounded at
the apex. The median carina of the vertex is either slight, but mod-
erately distinct, or obsolete or entirely wanting. The lateral foveolz
are usually indistinct elongate triangular or sub-lunar spaces without
distinct walls. The frontal costa is more or less completely sulcate
(frequently very deeply sulcate between the antennz) and strongly
prominent, with the sides acuminate above and sub-parallel below,
sometimes suddenly expanding and vanishing near the clypeus. The
face, seen from the side, is straight or moderately or strongly sinuate
and strongly (female) or very strongly (male) declivent. The antennz
are strongly triquetrous and acuminate and equaling (female) or exceed-
ing considerably (male) the head and pronotum in length. The eyes
are long ovate or elliptical and are placed very obliquely. The pro-
notum is long with the disk a little elevated toward the median carina
which is distinct and cut once, more or less plainly, much behind the
middle. The lateral carinz are rarely distinct, usually indistinct or
wanting, almost straight and parallel or very slightly divergent on the
metazone. ‘The latter has the posterior margin nearly straight or very
obtusely angulate or gently rounded. The lateral lobes of the prono-
tum are vertical and parallel with both the anterior and posterior mar-
gins strongly oblique (the latter a little sinuate) and the lower margin
straight and in the same line with the lower border of the cheeks.
The prosternum has a low quadrate bent spine. The mesosternal lobes
are separated by a space longer than broad (female) or are closed
(male); the metesternal lobes are closed entirely (male) or behind (fe-
male). The tegmina and wings are well developed, usually equaling
or exceeding the abdomen. ‘The former have the scapular area a little
widened and transparent and somewhat regularly scalariform. The
204 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Ovipositor is very short and small, scarcely exerted. Last ventral seg-
ment usually elongate and pointed, supra-anal plate acutely tapering.
Posterior femora elongate and narrow. Posterior tibize with about 19
spines on the outer side. A distinctly post-ocular stripe of ferruginous
or brown is usually present on the sides of the head and the lateral
lobes of the pronotum and in the male, at least, a longitudinal median
stripe of the same color extends from the vertex to the posterior edge
of the pronotum.
Mermiria, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, go.
Mermiria, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Surv. W. 100 Mer.,
V, Zool., 866.
Mermiria, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 119.
In part, Opsomala, Serv., 1838. Hist. Nat. Orth,, 586.
In part, Opsomada, Burm., 1838. Handb. Ent., II, 610.
In part, Ofomala, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 62.
XAiphicera, Perty. Ins. Am. Mer.
This genus is represented by six closely allied species in North
America. All the species known are natives of the Southern and
Southwestern States though the extreme limits of the range of some of
them extends as far north as Nebraska and Illinois.
Kry TO MErMirRIA, Stal.
A.! Face, seen from the side, straight, head distinctly shorter than the
pronotum.
B.! Posterior femora not exceeding the tegmina, which are unspotted.
Vertex rather shortly than broadly rounded in front.
C.t Vertex with some trace of a median carina. Posterior femora
very long and slender, exceeding the abdomen in both sexes.
Last ventral segment of male elongate, acutely tapering to a
poms cor. oes. ob Ose pede bere ae eee 1.—4ivittata, Serv.
C.2, Vertex entirely destitute of a median carina. Posterior femora
comparatively short and heavy, not qnite reaching the end of the
abdomen in the female. Last ventral segment short and not
actitely tapering to: a poimt.”.-.6 Jcteme see 2.—T7exana, Bruner.
B.2_ Posterior femora exceeding the tegmina in both sexes. Tegmina
generally spotted: - ‘Vertex broadly rounded gee. 0.0 an oS eles
be Sue MARR MeR ie eNitaat PAVar st 5 yom othe ce ae, ates 3.—Maculpennis, Bruner.
A.?, Face seen from the side plainly sinuate. Vertex as long as or
longer than broad. Head as long as the pronotum.
O
McNEILL—-REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 205
Vertex semi-elliptical rather than triangular with a faint median
carina. Lateral carine of the pronotum present and moderately
distinct. Posterior margin of the metazone hardly perceptibly
FOUNGECs iia nals Fe ae ees ee & 4.—Veomexicana. Thos.
Vertex triangular rather than semi-elliptical. Lateral carinz of
the pronotum scarcely apparent. Posterior margin of the meta-
zone plainly though very obtusely angulate or rounded.
Vertex sub-triangular with the sides generally arcuate and the tip
rounded, the median carina not entirely obsolete. The top of the
head green with a ferruginous median stripe (at least in the male).
Face green with a ferruginous stripe at each side. Median carina
of the pronotum distinct, the sulci faint but visible............
re ahs wie SO Pie eS od aan wim Ore Samra Sie Pale ete 5.—Alacris, Scud.
Vertex acutely triangular with the sides straight and the tip hardly
blunt even in the female, the median carina entirely wanting.
The top’of the head with a very broad fuscous stripe (at least in
the male) which is separated from the post ocular stripe by a green
stripe no wider than the latter. Face purplish. Median carina of
the pronotum less distinct. Sulci obsolete. .... 6.—Rostrata n. sp.
1. MERMIRIA BIVITTATA, Serv.
Opsomatla bivittata, Serv., 1839. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., 589.
Opsomata bivittata, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., III, 507.
Opomatla bivittata, Thos., 1865. Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., V, 447.
Opomala bivittata, Vhos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 429.
Opomala bivittata, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 432.
Opomata bivittata, Scud., 1872. Final Rept. U.S.Geol. Surv. Neb.,
250.
Opomala bivittata, Vhos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N.Am., 65, fig.16.
Acridium bivittata, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Acridium bivitattum, de Haan, 1842. Bijdr. Kenn. Orth., 143.
Mermiria bivittata, Scud., 1877. Cent. Orth., 47.
Mermiria bivittata, Bruner, 1883. 3d Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 55.
Mermiria bivittata, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
f Be! A, E30.
Mermiria bivittata, Osborn, 1892. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 189g0-
Qi, A.
[Proo. D, A. N.S., Vol, VI.) 26 [December 10, 1896].
206 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Mermiria bivittata, Townsend, 1893. Ins. Life, VI, 31.
Hab. United States east of the Rocky Mountains, extending as far
north as Nebraska, Illinois, and Virginia.
This is the most widely distributed species of the genus.
2. MERMIRIA TEXANA, Bruner.
Mermiria texana, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 53,
pla iis. 2:
Hab. Lerodo, Durango, Mex.; El Paso, Tex. (Bruner); Colorado
Springs, Col.; Ft. Grant, Arizona. It is said by Bruner to be ‘‘ met
with only among the sisal producing plants growing upon the rocky
hills back from the rivers.’”’
3. MERMIRIA MACULIPENNIS, Bruner.
Mermiria maculipennis, Bruner, 1889. Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus., XII, 54.
Hab. San Antonio, Carrizo Springs, Texas. (Bruner.)
The National Museum contains one of Bruner’s types from Carrizo
Springs and several other specimens from the same State, and in addi-
tion a male and female from Risville, Nevada, anda female from Kan-
sas which have the tegmina unspotted, but in other respects seem to be
very much like this species. It is possible that the species is not dis-
tinct from AZ. dzvittata.
4. MERMIRIA NEOMEXICANA, Thos.
Opomala neomexicana, Thos., 1870. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 77.
Opomala neomexicana, Thos., 1871. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Sur.
Wyo., 269.
Opomala neomexicana, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Sur.
Mont., 429 and 432.
Opomala neomexicana, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. A., 65.
Opomala neomexicana, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Mermiria neomexicana, Scud., 1876. Bul. U. S. Geol. and Geog.
Sur:; JT, 262:
Mermira neomexicana, Scud., 1877. Cent. Orth., 47.
Mermiria neomexicana, Bruner, 1883. 3d Rept.U.S.Ent.Com.,55.
Mermiria neomexicana, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Mermiria neomexicana, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat.
Hist:, J.) n0;; 4.030:
Mermiria neomexicana, Bruner, 1886. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat.
Hist; ; 1, Now; 206:
McNEILL—-REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/ OF NORTH AMERICA. 207
Mermiria belfraget, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 102.
Mermiria belfraget, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geog. and Geol. Surv. W.
too M., V. Zool., 856 and gor.
Mermiria belfraget, Scud., 1877. Cent. Orth., 47.
Hab. The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming
to New Mexico and eastward to Georgia.
The National Museum contains a specimen which seems to be the
type. Except JZ. dzvitfata it is the most widely distributed species of
the genus. It seems to be partial to regions where vegetation is sparse.
5. MERMIRIA ALACRIS, Scud. Fig. 3a, 3b.
Mermiria alacris, Scud., 1877. Cent. Orth, 47.
Mermiria alacris, Bruner, 1883. 3d Rept. U.S. Ent Com., 55.
Hab. Georgia (Scudder), Dallas, Tex. .
The National Museum contains a male and female from the last men-
tioned locality.
6. MERMIRIA ROSTRATA, Nn. sp. Fig. 3c.
Bene tietmale) + s/s ie os 20 mim (female)... een .46 mm.
PRUE LT cre inh 5) 05/0: oles) seetas 16mm
SREP G cc ue arate, 2 Sy estes RL es aids Sup es 33-5 mm.
Te 15) ao) 1 1 ee r8mm
Vertex triangular, as long as (female) or longer than (male) wide
with the sides straight and meeting at a very acute angle which is bare-
ly blunt at the tip. The median carina of the vertex is entirely want-
ing and the sides are somewhat expanded and a little ascending. The
frontal costa is deeply sulcate throughout in the male and in the fe-
male above the ocellus ; below it ends suddenly half-way between the
ocellus and the clypeus. The face is very decidedly sinuate. The
lateral foveolz are quite distinct, elongate triangular and curved. The
pronotum is scarcely (female) or not longer than the head. ‘The me-
dian carina is less distinct than in a@/acrvzs and the lateral carinz are
very faint. The transverse sulci are scarcely distinguishable and the
metazone is scarcely perceptibly punctate. The lower margin of the
lateral lobes of the pronotum is straight or perceptibly sinuate. The
usual postocular band has at its lower border a very faint carina (in
this respect it resembles a/acrzs and divittata). The colors are green
and ferruginous or purplish-brown, the dark color being more decided
in the male. In this sex the face is completely infuscated and the top
of the head is occupied by a very broad band which is three times as
208 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
broad as the green stripe on either side. ‘The lower half (female) or
third (male) of the tegmina is green, the rest ferruginous. ‘The last
ventral segment is decidedly elongate as in a/acris. ‘The posterior
femora do not exceed the abdomen.
Described from two males and one female from Mackay, I. T.,
where the species is said by the collector, Prof. S. FE. Meek, to be
common on the small prairies which are interspersed through the for-
ests of that region.
This species is more closely related to a/acr7s than to any other of
the Mermiria, but it is readily distinguished by the very different ver-
tex.
IV. PSEUDOPOMALA, Morse. Fig. 4.
Vertex horizontal, longer than broad, semi-elliptical, medianly con-
vex with a very distinct carina, laterally sulcate (female) oy extended
into lamina (male), with the margins limited by lateral carinz. ‘The
lateral foveola are wanting. ‘The frontal costa is sulcate throughout
with slightly divergent heavy lateral carina except at the immediate
apex where it is much constricted. The face is very declivent and
straight or a very little sinuate on account of the prominence of the
frontal costa between the antenne. ‘These are very slightly triquet-
rous and very much flattened and expanding basally, equaling the
short diameter of the eye nearly (male) or quite (female) and strongly
acuminate, ‘hey equal the head and pronotum in length (female) or
greatly exceed them (male). ‘The pronotum is but little longer than
the head. Its disk is nearly plain, slightly elevated toward the me-
dian carina which is distinct and cut only once much behind the
middie by the principal sulcus which alone is apparent upon the disk.
The lateral carinee are distinct, parallel, cut by the principal sulcus
only. ‘lhe posterior margin of the metazone is straight. ‘The lateral
lobes of the pronotum are vertical, slightly convex above, with the
anterior and posterior margins strongly oblique, the one straight, the
other sinuate just above the posterior lower angle, which is sharp and
sub-rectangular. ‘The lower margin is nearly straight and horizontal.
‘The mesosternal lobes are separated by a space longer than broad (fe-
male) or by a linear ridge with a deep pit on either side (male). The
Wings in both sexes and the tegmina (female) are abortive or they are
well developed. In the male the scapular area is enlarged with prom-
inent cross veins. ‘The posterior femora are slender, not banded. ‘The
posterior tibiae has the apical spurs on the inner side not very unequal.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINA OF NORTH AMERICA, 209
The last ventral segment of the male is horizontal, elongate, conical
and four times as long as the penultimate segment. The valves of the
ovipositor are exerted, the lower ones furnished with a strong lateral
tooth, the upper ones with two distinct basal teeth.
This genus is North American and is represented by two species.
Pseudomopala, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 325 and 342, fig.6,6a,6b.
Opomala, Scud., 1862. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 454.
In part, Opomala, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 62.
KEY TO PSKUDOPOMALA, Morse.
A.’ Wings wanting. . cneeuntesi neve tduinees lim——Appera, Scud,
A.?, Wings present, Fatale oul ve eeee se 2,—Brachyptera, Scud.
1. PSEUDOPOMALA APTERA, Scud.
Opomata aptera, Scud., 1869. Proc. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 305.
Opomatla aptera, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., V, 52.
Opomatla aptera, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 63.
Opomala aptera, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., [X, 144.
Opomatla aptera, Bruner, 1883. 3d Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 55.
Hab. Pennsylvania. It is very doubtful whether this species is
distinct from 7. brachyplera. Bruner apparently recognized it in Ne
braska (in Can. Ent., 1X, 144), but later he refers it to Pennsylvania
alone, which was Scudder’s original reference. It has never been re-
ported there since its first mention and it is not found in any (not even
Scudder’s) collection with which Lam acquainted. It seems altogether
probable, therefore, that it is merely an apterous form of brachypiera.
I think it best, however, not to place it in the list of synonyms until
further collections are made in the place where it was found and its
identity is thoroughly established.
2. PSEUDOPOMALA BRACHYPTERA, Scud. Fig. ga, 4b.
Opomala brachyptera, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 454.
Opomata brachyptera, Vhos., 1871. Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila.,151.
Opomala brachyptera, Vhos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U.S, Geol. Surv.
Mont., 429, 432, 440.
Opomatla brachyptera, Vhos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 63.
Opomala brachyptera, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., 1X, 144.
Opomala brachyplera, Bruner, 1883. 3d Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 55.
Opomata brachyptera, Fernald, 1887. Orth. N. E., 35.
210 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Opomala brachyptera, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Opomala brachyptera, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 13 and 106.
Opomalo brachyptera, Beutenmiller, 1894. Desc. Cat. Orth., 291.
Opsomala brachyptera, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., III, 507.
Pseudopomala brachyptera. Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 325 and
343, fig. 6, 6a, 6b.
Mermiria brachyptera, Osborn, 1892. Proc. lowa Acad. Sci., 18g0-
1891, 4.
Hab. Northern United States east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
This species has an extended range east and west, though its distribu-
tion throughout the territory it inhabits is comparatively irregular.
There is a gap in this range extending from Illinois to New York and
Pennsylvania (unless ?. a@pfera is a synonym), but since it is found in
New England and from Iowa to Utah there is little doubt but that its
non-occurrence in the intermediate area is due to the fact of its ex-
treme rarity.
V. TRUXALIS, Fabr.
Vertex horizontal, semi-elliptical, length in front of the eyes a little
less (female) or a little more (male) than the distance between the eyes.
Furnished with a delicate median carina. Lateral carinz distinct
though slight with shallow sulci behind them. Lateral foveolze entirely
wanting. Frontal costa narrow, deeply (male) or shallowly (female)
sulcate except just below the vertex where it is suddenly contracted into
a mere ridge. The face, seen from the side, is strongly oblique and
straight. The antennz are flattened strongly (female) or moderately
(male) at the base and acuminate, about as long as (female) or a
little longer than (male) the head and pronotum. The pronotum has the
disk plain with the three carine parallel, about equally distinct, the
median cut by the last sulcus only, the lateral by all the transverse
incisions. The metazone is a little shorter than the prozone with its
posterior border very obtusely angled. ‘The lateral lobes of the pro-
notum are perpendicular and parallel, a little longer than high, with
both the anterior and posterior margins decidedly oblique, the former
straight, the latter sinuate with the lower border straight posteriorly
and slightly oblique anteriorly. The lobes of the mesosternum are
separated by a space broader than long (female) about as broad as
long (male). The lobes of the metasternum are separated by a space
about as broad as long (female) or they are contiguous (male). The
tegmina are much longer than the abdomen, with the discoidal area
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 2I1T
with no intercalary vein. The posterior femora are slender with
the apex reaching (female) or exceeding by half their length (male)
the abdomen. ‘The valves of the ovipositor of the female are strongly
exerted.
In part, Grydlus (Acrida), Linn.
In part, Zruxats, Fabr., 1875. Sys. Ent., 279.
In part, Zruxalis, Burm., 1838. Handb. 606, Orth.
fruxans, Stal, 1873. ckecea- Orth.) bigs.
Truxalis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 325, fig. a, aa, ab.
Metaleptea, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth, 118.
Not Zruxallis, Serv., 1839. Hist. Nat. Orth., 578.
Not Zruxalis, Brunner, 1883. Proc. Eur. Orth., 87.
Not Zruxals, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 118.
In 1873 Stal, in Rec. Orth., I, saw fit to restore Acv7da, Linn., re-
stricting it to Linnean species, G77l/us (Acrida) nasuta and Acrida ser-
rata, Thunb. Both of these species had been included in 7Z7zxais,
Fabr., for more than one hundred years. The latter genus he re-
stricted to the Linnean species Gr7/lus (Acrida) brevicornis and other
American: species which have since been removed to other genera.
There is no doubt but that Stal had a right to restore the name Acvida.
Brunner refused to follow him in the restoration of Acr7da and the re-
striction of Zruxalis, but himself restored Zyuwxals in the Fabrician
sense and then suggested the name A/e/aleptea for the American genus.
For the present, Zruxal’s, Stal, must stand and AZetal/eptea will remain
asynonym unless Z7zxa/is is restricted to some of the old world spe-
cies included in the genus by Fabricius; under which circumstances, as
T. brevicornis is the only species left to which it could apply, Jetalep-
tea would have to be restored.
1. TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS, Linn., 5a, 5b.
Gryllus (Acrida) brevicornis, Linn., 1758. Sys. Nat. Orth., I.
Gryllus (Acrida) brevicornis, Linn., 1763. Cent. Ins. Rar., 15..
Gryllus (Acrida) brevicornis, Linn., 1763. Amoen. Acad., VI, 398.
Lruxalis brevicornis, Fabr., 1775. Ent. Sys., II, 27.
Truxalis brevicornis, Thunb., 1815. Mem. Acad. St. Peter., V, 264.
Truxals brevicornis, Thunb., 1827. Nov. Act. Upsal., IX, 84.
Truxats brevicornis, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, ro4.
Truxals brevicornis, Thos., 1876. Bul. I, Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61.
Truxats brevicornis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 66.
Truxalis brevicornis, Blatchley, 1891. Can. Ent., XXIII, 75.
212 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Truxals brevicornis, Garman, 1894. 6th Ann. Rept. Ky. Agr. Ex.
Slthan (oe
Truxals brevicornis, Blatchley, 1894. Can. Ent., XXVI, 221.
Truxals brevicornis, Beutenmiller, 1894. Desc. Cat. Orth., 29, pl.
vill, fig. 7.
Acridium ensicormum, De Geer, 1773. Mem. Ins., 449, pl. xlii,
fio 2 eos
? Truxalis notochlorus, Pal. de Beauv., 1805. Ins. Afr. Amer., 80,
Pld, shige. Ve
? Truxalis viridulus, Pal de Beauv., 1805. Ins. Afr. Amer., 81,
pl. iu, fig. 4.
Tryxalis brevicornis, Burm., 1838. Handb. Ent., II, 607.
Tryxalts brevicornis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 325, fig. A,Aa, Ab.
Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Thos., 1873 Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 67.
Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Thos., 1874. Bul. 2, U.S. Geol. and Geog.
Surv. 64
Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com, 55:
Pyrgomorpha punctipennis Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 68.
Pyrgomorpha punctipennis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com: 5-555.
Pyrgomorpha punctipennis, Schufeldt, 1884. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
MAE 832)
Opsomala punctipennis, Serv., 1838. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., 590.
Opsomala punctipennis, Thos., 1865. Trans. !ll.State. Agr.Soc.,447.
Opsomala punctipennis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., III, 507.
Opomala punctipennis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 197.
Hab. Eastern and Southern United States. Reported by Stal from
Rio Janeiro, Brazil. By Walker, from Honduras. 7: notochlorus and
viridulus are reported by Pal. de Beauv. from St. Domingo.
VI.” NAPATA, a. gen. Fig..6:
Vertex horizontal, equilaterally triangular, moderately sulcate, with
distinct linear median and lateral carine. ‘The lateral foveole are
plainly visible from above, long rhomboidal. The frontal costa is
prominent a little above the antenne, not constricted just below the
apex, slightly sulcate below the ocellus and moderately expanding
below. ‘The face seen from the side is strongly (female) or very (male)
declivent. The antennz are strongly depressed at the base and acu-
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINA OF NORTH AMERICA, 213
minate, a little longer than the head and pronotum (female) or as long
as the hind femora (male). The pronotum has the disk plain, fur-
nished with three carinz, the median being a little more distinct, the
lateral being very slightly sinuate, and all three are cut much behind
the middle. The posterior margin of the metazone is very slightly
angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are nearly perpendicular,
a little convex on the upper part with the anterior and the posterior
margins stiaight and strongly oblique and with the lower margin pos-
teriorly a little descending, anteriorly slightly ascending. The pro-
sternum is armed with a low (female) or high (male) tubercle. The
mesosternal lobes are separated by a space a little (female) or not (male)
broader than long. The metasternal lobes are very nearly approxi-
mate behind. The tegmina are much (female) or a little (male) shorter
than the abdomen, the scapular area is expanded and occupied by weak
cross veins in the male, the discoidal area is narrow without an inter-
calary vein and is filled with a single series of cross veins. The pos-
terior femora are moderately slender, extending beyond the abdomen.
The posterior tibia have about 13 spines on the outer margin. The
valves of the ovipositor are very moderately exerted.
This genus contains, so far as known, but a single species. It is
most closely related to MZermzria, but is easily distinguished from that
genus by the distinct lateral foveola visible from above, the different
structure of the frontal costa just below the vertex, the abbreviated
tegmina, and the fewer spines of the posterior tibiee.
NAPAIA GRACILIS, n. sp. Fig. 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d.
Yellow or brown with a fuscous stripe extending backwards from the
eyes limited-above by the lateral carinz of the pronotum, either cov-
ering the whole of the sides including the cheeks, lateral lobes of the
pronotum, the lower edge of the tegmina, the sides of the abdomen,
and the outer face of the posterior femora (male) or it is more or less
restricted below, but it is always present. The upper surface of the
body and head is distinctly lighter than the sides, plain, or sometimes
with two faint curved stripes extending on the top of the head from
the corners of the vertex to the lateral carine of the pronotum. The
tegmina are plain except for the more or less infuscated lower edge.
In the male they are four-fifths as long as the abdomen, broadly rounded
at the tip. In the female they are half as long as the abdomen, lanceo-
late with the tip blunt. The posterior femora extend a little (female)
[Proo, D, A.N.S., Vol. VI.] 27 [December 16, 1896).
214 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
or one-third their length (male) beyond the abdomen. The posterior
tibiz are light (female) or very obscure (male) red infuscated at the
apex.
Described from one female and one male, the latter collected by Mr.
Coquillett at Los Angeles, the former bearing simply the lable ‘‘ Califor-
.’ All the specimens are in the colleetion of the National Museum.
The male bears a very different appearance from the female with its
very dark, nearly black color, more sloping face, longer tegmina and
antenne and more slender form, but the structure of the head and
pronotum is exactly the same and I think that there is scarcely any
doubt but that they belong to the same species.
nia
Vilt ‘OPETLA ay gen. lig: 7.
Vertex nearly horizontal shorter than the distance between the eyes,
convex, a little sulcate behind the prominent lateral carinze which meet
at an angle of about go degrees. Median carina distinct. Lateral
foveolz not visible from above, they are small sulci which extend from
the ocelii toward the vertex and are not clearly separated from the
front. ‘The frontal costa is sulcate except at the apex, and its margins
are slightly and regularly expanded downward. Seen from the side,
the face is straight and strongly declivent. ‘The antenne are considera-
bly flattened basally and regularly acuminate, distinctly shorter than
the head and pronotum. ‘The pronotum has the disk nearly plain,
being slightly elevated to the median carina. This and the lateral
carine are unusually heavy and distinct and all three are cut by the
principal sulcus only much behind the middle. The lateral carinze
are very slightly divergent from the middle of the pronotum to the
posterior margin which is roundly angulate. ‘The lateral lobes of the
pronotum are not quite so high as long; they are nearly perpendicular,
being veryslightly convex above, and they have a nearly horizontal carina
extending from the middle to the posterior margin. They have the
anterior and posterior borders strongly oblique with the lower margin
nearly straight. There is no prosternal tubercle. The mesosternal
lobes are separated (female) by a space about as long as wide, the meta-
sternal lobes by a space longer than wide (female) or nearly contiguous
(male). The tegmina are little shorter than the abdomen (female).
The discoidal area is occupied by a weak intercalary vein. ‘The scap-
ular area is decidedly expanded in the male, and filled with a single
series of moderately strong curved cross veins. The posterior femora
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN@ OF NORTH AMERICA. 215
are not slender, they extend somewhat beyond the end of the abdo-
men. ‘The valves of the ovipositor are but little exerted.
This genus is represented in North America by a single species. It,
with Pedeticum, is a connecting link between Mermiria and Napaia
on the one side and Amphitornus, Atkentetus, and Eritettix upon the
other.
Oxycoryphus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 72.
I.. Opera ogscurA, Thos. | Fig. 7a, 7b, 7c.
Oxycoryphus obscurus, Thos., 1871. Pre. Rept. Surv. Mont., 446.
Oxycoryphus obscurus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 73.
Oxycorvphus obscurus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com, 55.
Oxycorvphus obscurus, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat.
Hist., I, No. 4, 130.
Oxycoryphus obscurus, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
This is an extremely variable species in every way. ‘The coloration
in. particular is so variable that it is difficult to describe. In typical
specimens the dorsum is brown or green, nearly plain with sometimes
a streak of fuscous along the median carina. ‘The sides are marked by
a stripe which extends backward from the eye, widening and generally
becoming more obscure. When most distinct, this stripe consists of
five parts, as follows: an upper streak of brown or fuscous below the
lateral carinz, below this a lighter streak followed by a white line,
and still below this the light and dark streak repeated. Apparently
these five elements of the lateral stripe may be varied in intensity of
coloration in any way so that the great dissimilarity in appearance is
produced. Nearly always, however, all these parts can be distinctly
or faintly seen, and in all cases the lower fifth of the pronotum at least
is brown. The tegmina have the discoidal area occupied by a row of
large usually distinct quadrate fuscous spots and the scapular area con-
tains a whitish streak.
Hab. West of Missouri and Arkansas and east of the Rocky
Mountains. This seems to be a species peculiar to the great plains.
Its range is unusually great north and south, as it extends from the
northern to the southern boundaries of the United States and probably
much farther in each direction, while it is somewhat restricted east
and west. Bruner says it ‘‘ occurs where the grasses are short and the
climate is arid,’’ and reports it as common in the Yellowstone Valley.
The National Museum contains two females and one male which seem
216 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
to be Thomas’ type as they bear his label. His description of the
species, however, was based upon the female. In addition to these
are numerous specimens from Nebraska, Texas, and Wyoming. Two
females from Texas are of larger size than the others, the lateral stripe
is distinct and occupies the upper half of the lateral lobe of the pro-
notum, and the vertex is a little wider and more rounded.
VIL PEDETICUM, n. gen. Fig.38;
This genus is very closely related to Ofeza, and does not differ
materially in the structure of the head except in the possession of sup-
plementary lateral carinze more or less distinct. In the following
particulars it seems to be too different to be united with that genus.
The pronotum has the lateral carinze strongly sinuate a little in advance
of the middle. None of the carinz are cut by any of the sulci, and
these are almost entirely obsolete. The anterior and posterior borders
of the disk of the pronotum are straight. “The mesosternal lobes are
separated by a space decidedly (female) or a little broader than long,
and the metasternal lobes are contiguous behind and inclose two very
deep pits. The tegmina are abbreviated, less than one-half (female)
or nearly three-fourths (male) as long as the abdomen. ‘The valves of
the ovipositor are moderately exerted.
This genus contains but one species which, in spite of its very dif-
ferent appearance, is really closely related to Ofeia obscurus, Thos.
I should have hesitated to erect this genus but that if it is not done
Scudder’s species would become a synonym and I should be compelled
to give it a new specific name; and in case these species should after-
wards be considered generically distinct (and this seems extremely
probable as the tendency undoubtedly is to restrict more and more
generic groups) there would be a useless synonym.
1. PEDETICUM OBSCURUM, Scud. Fig. 8a, 8b.
Chrysochraon obscurus, Scud., 1877. Ent. Notes, VI, 29.
Chrysochraon obscurus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 55.
Hab. Fort Reed, Florida.
As this specimen has not been reported in any other collection than
that in which Dr. Scudder first found it there is little doubt but it is a
local and very rare species. I have examined a specimen from Scud-
der’s collection.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN#Z OF NORTH AMERICA. 217
IX) ° BRITE STIX; Broner:. «Fig; 9.
Head conical, occiput not elevated, furnished with three carinz,
one median and two supplementary; the former extends from the pro-
notum to the tip of the vertex where it is enlarged, the latter from the
pronotum to a point opposite the anterior margin of the eyes where
each suddenly bends to join the lateral carinze of the vertex. The
vertex is convex and equilaterally triangular. Its lateral carinz are
generally distinct, sometimes heavy, raised lines. The lateral foveolz
are present below the vertex, sub-triangular, not deeply impressed,
sometimes not very apparent because of the slightness of the lower
carine and because of their small size. The frontal costa has its sides
somewhat regularly divergent from the vertex to the clypeus, generally
a little constricted about the ocellus and slightly sulcate for a greater
or less distance above this point but never sulcate to the vertex. The
antenne are thick, generally somewhat flattened at the base and clav-
ate at the apex (except vavtadilis) which is bluntly acuminate and
scarcely longer than the head and pronotum. The pronotum has the
lateral and median carinz distinct and cut once only by the principal
sulcus decidedly behind the middle. In addition to these usual carinze
are two supplementary carinz on either side about midway between
the median and lateral carine. The posterior margin of the pronotum
is very obtusely angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are
about as high as they are long, with the anterior border decidedly or
little more oblique than the posterior. They have a more or less dis-
tinct carina which runs obliquely from the first sulcus to or toward the
posterior margin. The anterior lower angle is obtuse, the posterior is
rectangular. The lower margin is straight and horizontal on the pos-
terior half, straight and slightly ascending on the anterior half. The
mesosternal lobes are separated by a space much wider than long, and
the metasternal lobes by a space longer than wide, in both sexes. The
tegmina and wings are usually well developed (except adortiva). The
former have the mediastine vein well developed, extending much be-
yond the middle of the wing and the scapular area in the male
widened and filled with a series of rather weak and not very regular
oblique veins. There is no intercalary vein and the dividing soon
unites with the plicate vein. The ovipositor of the female is nearly
included. The posterior femora are more than usually heavy, with the
apex extending beyond the abdomen, and they are never banded. The
posterior tibize are obscure or reddish, never blue, and the apical inner
spur is about twice as long as the one behind it.
218 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
In part, Stenobothrus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 80.
In part, Gomphocerus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 96.
Erivetix, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, X1R56-
This genus does not seem to have been known to Brunner, as there is
nothing in his key to fit ic. It falls near his South American genus
Toxopterus, but is very distinct from that. It appears to be a purely
North American genus, therefore, and the species that belong to it are
widely distributed.
Key TO ERITETTIX, Bruner.
A.' Lateral carine of the pronotum straight or very gently arcuate.
Oblique carina of the lateral lobes very slender or nearly obso-
lete. Disk of the pronotum furnished with two narrow or broad,
black, velvety stripes just inside of the lateral carinz.
B.! Supplementary carine of the pronotum about as strong as the
median. Space between the supplementary carinze carneous or
brown, and the space between the supplementary carinz and
eyes and lateral carinz velvety black.
C.* Antenne clavate.
AVA MALU wetetenaeers teria ts s Gosvassre creak po 1.—Virgatus, Scud.
D2 Wings fuliginous: 6.25... 5.5... iss ne + 2.—— CaFinalas, emer
>.2 Antennz acuminate, not clavate.........3.—Variabiiis, Brun.
B.2, Supplementary carinze of the pronotum much weaker than the
median or obsolete. Space between the supplementary carinze
little if any darker than the median space.
C.t Tegmina with the posterior half green or brown with a light yel-
low or green stripe in the scapular area extending from the base
LOSE GCs use eg it ee begs eRe eae 4.—Tricarinatus, Thos.
C.2. Tegmina testaceous. Steg ets eee .5.— Simplex, Scud.
A.? Lateral carine of fie eee ioaeaatery arcuate before the
middle. Oblique carina of the lateral lobes very heavy and
generally white or light colored, at least on the apical half.
B.: Tegmina as long as or longer than the abdomen. «eae
i a el 8 a So. Sassen Saad!
B.? ieee ssteive: a little Fnac) or not € (female more than half
as long as the abdomen...............7.—Abortivus, Bruner.
2. ERITETTIX VIRGATUS, Scud. Fig. ga, gb.
Gomphocerus virgatus, Scud., 1875. Cent. Orth., 23.
Gomphocerus virgatus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 56.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 219
Eritettex virgatus, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 56.
Hab. Apparently a rare species, it has heretofore been reported
only from Texas. It occurs also in Arkansas.
2. ERITETTIX CARINATUS, Scud.
Gomphocerus carinatus, Scud., 1875. Cent. Orth., 23.
Gomphocerus carinatus, Bruner, 889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus , XII, 56.
Hab. Middle States (Scud.).
I think there is little doubt but that this species is a variety of &.
virgatus with fuliginous wings. I am unacquainted with it, however,
and prefer to retain the name.
3. ERITETTIX VARIABILIS, Bruner.
Eritettix variabtlis, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 56.
Hab. Silver City, New Mexico (Bruner).
This species is distinguishable from all others of the genus in having
the antenne acuminate instead of clavate at the tip.
4. ERITETTIX TRICARINATUS, Thos. C
Stenobothrus tricarinatus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 84.
Stenobothrus tricarinatus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 55.
Stenobothrus tricarinatus, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
XII, 56.
Stenobothrus tricarinatus, Osborn, 1892. Proc. lowa Acad. Sci.,
1890-91, 4.
Hab. This species has been reported but once outside of Wyo-
ming. Herbert Osborn gives it as not common in Towa. The Uni-
ted States Museum contains numerous specimens from the first men-
tioned locality.
5. ERITETTIX SIMPLEX, Scud.
Gomphocerus simplex, Scud., 1869. Proc. Am. Ent. Soc., IL, 305.
Gomphocerus simplex, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 97.
Gomphocerus simplex, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX., 144.
Gomphocerus simplex, Bruner, 1883. 3rd. Rept. Ent. Com., 56.
Hab. Said by Scudder to occur in Delaware. It does not seem
to have been recognized there since. It was reported by Bruner in
1877 in the Can. Ent., IX, 144, to occur in Nebraska. Since he
gives Delaware as the only locality for this species in the grd Rept.
Ent. Com., 56, in 1883, it is probable that he was mistaken in the first
220 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
reference. I am unacquainted with the species, but I think that it is
probable that it is synonomous with wirgatus.
6. ERITETTIX NAVICULUS, Scud.
Gomphocerus navicula, Scud., 1876. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100
Mer.> App: JJ:,,506.
Gomphocerus navicula, Bruner, 1883. 3rd. Rept. Ent. Com., 56.
Hab. Southern Colorado, Northern New Mexico, Montana. The
National Museum contains Scudder’s type from Southern Colorado,
and another specimen from Montana. The latter does not agree
closely with the type, but the divergence is no greater than should be
expected in species so variable as the /ritettix.
7. FERITETTIX ABORTIVUS, Bruner.
Eritettix abortivus, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 56, pl.
i, figs. 8 and 9g.
Hab. Central Texas (Schaupp), Washington Co., Tex. (Bruner).
This species is most nearly related to zavéculus, but it is easily distin-
guished from that by its abortive tegmina and wings, its smaller size
and very heavy and short antenne.
X. SYRBULA, Stal. Fig. ro.
Head not much shorter than the pronotum with the occiput moder-
ately rounded transversely, and slightly or considerably ascending.
Vertex copvex and more or less sulcate, horizontal and semi-elliptical
or sub-triangular in shape with a distinct median carina not less ap-
parent than the lateral carinze, which are suddenly curved inward a
short distance back of the anterior margin of the eye, and from that
point together with the median carina are more or less distinctly con-
tinued to the pronotum. ‘The lateral feveole, generally indistinct and
small, are triangular in shape and invisible from above. The frontal
costa is plain, a little convex or more or less sulcate, continued to or
even upon the clypeus, decidedly constricted at the apex and very
slightly at the ocellus. The antennz are flattened decidedly at the
base and distinctly acuminate (female) or are flattened moderately at the
base and decidedly or strongly expanded apically and acuminate
(male). The pronotum has the disk plain with the three carine dis-
tinct, the lateral being gently or strongly sinuate and very slightly or
moderately divergent posteriorly. All are’severed by a single sulcus
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA, 221
in or behind the middle. The metazone is sub-truncate or decidedly
angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are about as high as long
with both the anterior and posterior margins moderately oblique, the
latter generally sinuate and the lower margin nearly horizontal and
‘scarcely perceptibly or very moderately angulate in the middle. Be-
hind the principal sulcus the lateral lobes are generally deeply and
thickly pitted. The mesosternal lobes are separated by a space not
(male) or a little (female) broader than long, the metasternal lobes by
a space longer than broad (female) or they are closed behind (male).
The tegmina and wings are well developed, exceeding the abdomen.
The former have a very different structure in the two sexes. In the
male they are regularly reticulate everywhere except in the anal field
and at the base of the scapular area which is opaque. This and the
ulnar area being widened and furnished with a single series of con-
spicuous veins. Jn the female, they are irregularly reticulate through-
out and not expanded in the ulnar or scapular areas. ‘The legs are
moderately or quite slender, their posterior femora much exceeding
the abdomen even in the female, and the posterior tibiz are furnished
with 17 to 20 rather small spines. The ovipositor is moderately ex-
erted and the last ventral segment of the male is acutely conical.
Syrbula, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, go.
Syrbula, Bruner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 119.
Oxycorvphus, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., II, seg
In part, Stenobothrus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. Am., 80.
This distinct North American genus contains ie species as now
determined, all of them being southern, though S. admiradbilis extends
as far north as northern Illinois.
KEY To SYRBULA, Stal.
A.! Median carina cut by two sulci....1.— AZontezuma, Sauss.
A.2_ Median carina cut by the last sulcus only.
B.t Lateral lobes of the pronotum either plainly punctate or fur-
nished with elongate rugz behind the principal sulcus.
C.* Lateral carinze of the pronotum generally sinuate. Posterior fe-
mora and tibiz unusually long and slender, the latter with 19
(female) to 21 (male) spines on the outer edge. .......-
Peas wits yet 3th =e a Uhler.
eA Tatra carinz ay ihe otohauita ienely: sinuate. Posterior femora
and tibiz moderately slender, but not longer than usual, the latter
with 17 (male) spines on the outer edge. 3.—Acutcornis, Bruner.
[Proo. D. A. N.S., Vol. VI] 28 (December 19, 1396]
222 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
B.2_ Lateral lobes of the pronotum smooth behind the principal sul-
GUS had hele ae BRP Ss Ue Biss a als 4 OIE Grae ess
1. SYRBULA MONTEZUMA, Sauss.
Oxycoryphus montezuma, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., Ser. II, 18.
Oxycoryphus montezuma, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 787.
Oxycoryphus montezuma, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 204.
Syrbula montesuma, Stal, 1873. Rec. Orth., I, 102.
Hab. Mexico (Saussure).
This species is included in this genus on the authority of Stal as it
is unknown to me. Iam not inclined to think it is synonymous with
Admirabilis,as has been suggested by Thomas and Bruner, because
Stal probably knew the species and considered it distinct, and because
there is at least one character given by Saussure which can not apply
to Admirabilis. It is true that there is evidently a misconstruction in
the text at the point referred to (pronoti carinze tres sulci 2 sejunctis),
but whether the figure 2 be translated by a cardinal as sulci would
require, or by an ordinal as Thomas has assumed, the difficulty remains
that in Admirabilis the median carina is cut but once and that very
distinctly by the third sulcus.
2. SYRBULA ADMIRABILIS, Uhler.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, Uhler, 1864. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, 553.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 84.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, Thos., 1876. Bul. I, Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Arts MLL "On:
Stenobothrus admirabilis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent.Com.,55.
Syrbula admirabilis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., 1X, 144.
Syrbula admirabilis, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
Voll, Nokas 135-
Syrbula admirabilis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 65.
Syrbula admirabilis, Blatchley, 1891. Can. Ent., XXIII, 76.
Syrbula admirabilis, Garman, 1894. 6th Ann. Rept. Ky. Ag. Ex.
Sta., 9.
Syrbula admirabilis, Beutenmiiller, 1894. Desc. Cat: Orth: 2@2.
Syrbula leucocera, Stal, 1873. Rec. Orth., I, 102.
Syrbula leucocera, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Surv. W.
100 Mer., V Zool, 1869.
Syrbula leucocera, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. I, No4{tigs-
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 223
? Syrbula montesuma, Townsend, 1893. Ins. Life, VI, 31.
Hab. United States east of the Rocky Mountains, extending as
far north as Nebraska and Northern Illinois and on the Atlantic coast
to Maryland. If the species determined by Bruner and reported by
Townsend is admiradilis, it is also found between the Rocky and the
Sierra Nevada Mountains. The United States Museum contains
numerous specimens from Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, and
Georgia.
3. SYRBULA ACUTICORNIS, Bruner. Fig. 10, 1ob.
Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 55.
Hab. Southwestern Texas (Bruner); Fort Grant, Arizona. The
National Museum contains several specimens (males) from the last-
mentioned locality which have been doubtfully referred to S. fusca-
vittata, Thos. They do not fit Thomas’ description of that species,
however, in having the lateral lobes of the pronotum not smooth be-
hind the principal sulcus, but punctate. 1 think there is little doubt
but the specimens in question belong to Bruner’s species. The Na-
tional Museum also contains two of Bruner’s types (females).
4. SYRBULA FUSCA-VITTATA, Thos.
Syrbula fusca-vittata, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and. Geog. Surv.
W100 Mers, V; Zool:; 870, pl. -xlv, fig: 7.
Hab. Lower Arizona (Thomas).
I am not acquainted with this species ; it may be that it is identical
with Bruner’s acuficornis.
XI. AMPHITORNUS, n. gen. Fig. 11.
Vertex a little declivent, advanced in front of the eyes less than
half the distance between the eyes, convex, with slight sulci on either
side of the median carina. Lateral carinz are scarcely at all per-
ceptible. Tempora rather broad, not at all foveolate, and no more
clearly separated from the vertex than from the front. Frontal costa
rather broad, not sulcate, barely depressed at the ocellus with the mar-
gins very moderately divergent below. The antennz are distinctly
shorter (female) or not longer (male) than the head and pronotum,
flattened in both sexes, more or less acuminate in the female, linear in
the male. Pronotum with the disk well rounded and the lateral cari-
ne, if present at all, extremely faint and not interfering at all with
2A DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
rounded outline of the humeral angles. ‘The median carina is distinct
and accompanied by more or less distinct supplementary carinze on the
disk. All of these are cut by the last principal sulcus only, a little or
considerably behind the middle. The posterior angle of the disk is
moderately rounded. ‘The lateral lobes of the pronotum are a little
higher than long with the anterior margin strongly oblique, the poste-
rior margin perpendicular and the lower margin slightly angulate.
The mesosternal lobes are separated by a space broader than (female)
or as broad as long (male), and the metasternal lobes by a space longer
than broad (female) or very nearly approximate (male). The tegmina
are well developed, with the scapular area of the male expanded, hya-
line and filled with rather prominent cross veins. The discoidal area
has no intercalary vein, and the dividing is soon united with the pli-
cate vein. -The posterior femora are banded with fuscus on the upper
and inner faces. The upper valves of the ovipositor are included, the
lower valves slightly exerted. ‘The posterior tibiz are bluish, with the
apical inner spur sub-equal to the one behind it, much less than twice
as long.
This genus includes two western species, it is closely related to the
following genus and less intimately to H7¢ettix. From the last-men-
tioned genus it is easily distinguished by the absence of lateral carinze
upon the top of the head, and the median carina except at the vertex,
by the absence of the club to the antenne, by the rounded disk of the
pronotum and the obsolete lateral carinz, by the banded hind femora,
the blue hind tibize with sub-equal inner apical spurs, and by the un-
spotted tegmina.
KEY TO AMPHITORNUS, n. gen.
A.’ Median carina cut very little. behind themmnddle-. 33.2 2.) «as
Be are oe bes att Oe arn ...1.— Bicolor, Thos.
A.? Median carina cut decidedly behind the middle. 2.— Ornatus, n.sp.
1. AMPHITORNUS BICOLOR, Thos. Fig. 11a, rrb.
Stenobothrus bicolor, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 465.
Stenobothrus bicolor, var. a., Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Mont., 465.
Stenobothrus coloradus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. A., 82.
Stenobothrus coloradus unicolor, Thos., 1873. Syn.Acrid. N.Am., 83.
Stenobothrus coloradus, Thos., 1876. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
25 Xe
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINA OF NORTH AMERICA. 225
Stenobothrus coloradus,Bruner,1883. 3rd. Rept. U.S. Ent. Com.,55.
Stenobothrus coloradus, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat.
Eist., 1, No. 4,131:
Stenobothrus coloradus, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Hab. Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, east of the Rocky
Mountains, Kansas and Nebraska.
This, like Ofeza obscurus, Thos., is a species of the great plains. It
is reported by Bruner as very common in the Yellowstone Valley.
The National Museum contains Thomas’ types and specimens from
Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, and Montana.
2. AMPHITORNUS ORNATUS, N. sp.
Stenobothrus coloradus, Koebele, 1890. Bul. 22, Div. Ent., 94.
This species is closely allied to the preceding, but the following dif-
ferences appear: The head and pronotum in this species are longer,
and the face is distinctly more oblique in both sexes. The antennze
of the female are more depressed and distinctly acuminate. The me-
dian carina is cut decidedly behind the middle. The colors are
brighter and more strongly contrasted. The posterior tibiz are
bright blue.
Described from several specimens from Los Angeles, California,
which now belong to the United States National Museum.
XII. AKENTETUS, n. gen. Fig. 12.
This genus is closely related to Amphitornus. It differs in the
somewhat longer and considerably deeper sculpturing of the head, but
especially in the structure of the pronotum which is nearly plain above
with the lateral carinz faint except upon the anterior part of the pro-
zone and the metazone and considerably divergent from the middle
sulcus to the posterior margin. These are cut by all three transverse
sulci. The median carina is faint and cut near the middle by the
principal sulcus only. There are no traces of supplementary carine.
The color is nearly uniform brown.
This genus contains a single species found in Colorado.
AKENTETUS UNICOLOR, n. sp. Fig. 12a, 12b.
Mest Tein TEPAIE )) parapets! faye, «ale cit eit Ohare it Nees in -wve (oes BO GE
Gui OCLIMMRD Meats te So Rik nara. Be ohare Pam DEANE EUS one ts Gp netie
ees CW caterer a a oct ea tan as Bieta ae AW SERCO. d cig /3'd dis Dai DEE
226 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Color dark, dull brown with a narrow stripe of fuscous, which is
not at all conspicuous on account of the dark ground color, extending
from the upper margin of the eye along the lateral lobes of the pro-
notum just outside of the lateral carinee. The posterior femora have
the outer face marked with three distinct black bands and the knee is
black. All these black marks are extended across the upper face and
upon the inside. The posterior tibiz are bluish.
Described from a single male from Colorado.
XII. AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stil. Fig. 13.
Vertex extended considerably in front of the eyes, plainly declivent
and roundly united with the front from which it is separated by
lateral carinee which are almost obsolete or moderately distinct. It is
convex and shallowly or scarcely sulcate with a plain median carina.
The lateral foveole are wanting. The frontal costa is plain or sulcate
with elevated lateral carine. The face seen from the side is nearly
straight. The antennz are filiform or slightly enlarged apically and
heavy, scarcely as long as the head and pronotum. ‘The pronotum
has the disk plain with the carinz, more especially the median, dis-
tinct and parallel or the lateral slightly divergent. The median carima
is cut near or distinctly behind the middle and the metazone is sharply
but very obtusely angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are at
least as high as broad with the anterior border moderately oblique, the
posterior sub-vertical and the lower a little descending posteriorly,
more decidedly ascending anteriorly. The lobes of the mesosternum
are separated by a space about as broad as long (male and female) and
the metasternal lobes are contiguous behind. ‘The tegmina and wings
are well developed with the scapular area of the former not expanded
nor hyaline nor regularly veined. The posterior femora are decidedly
heavy with the base unusually convex on the outer face. The valves
of the ovipositor are exerted.
Amblytropidia, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 93.
Amblytropidia, Bruner, 1893. Rev. Syst. Orth., 120.
This American genus contains three species, 4 ferruginea, Stal,
from Brazil and the two enumerated below from North America.
Key Tro AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stal.
A.t Median carina of the pronotum cut in the middle. Dorsum of
the abdomen brownish...............1.— Occidentalis, Sauss.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 227
A.2, Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the middle.
Dorsum of the abdomen reddish orange..2.—Awriventris, Bruner.
1. AMBLYTROPIDIA OCCIDENTALIS, Sauss. Fig. 13a, 13b.
Stenobothrus occidentalis, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., Ser. IT, 19.
Stenobothrus occidentalis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., [V, 755.
Amblytropidia subhyalina, Scud., 1875. Cent. Orth., 23.
Amblytropidia subhyalina, Scud., 1877. Ent. Notes, VI, 29.
Amblytropidia subhyalina, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 58.
Amblytropidia subhyalina, Schufeldt, 1884. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
ViII..332;
Chloéaltis (Amblytropidia) subhvalina, Provancher, 1877. Faune En-
tom. du Can., 44.
Hab. The Gulf States of the United States north of Tennessee
and Georgia and west to Colorado and Arizona. Abbé Provancher
implies that a specimen of this species in his collection was found in
Canada. Its occurrence there seems improbable.
2. AMBLYTROPIDIA AURIVENTRIS, Bruner.
Amblytropidia auriventris, Bruner.
Hab. Orizaba, Mexico.
XIV. CHLOEALTIS, Harr. Fig. ra.
Vertex triangular, a little declivent, not extending in front of the
eyes as much as the distance between the eyes, convex, more or less
sulcate, with the lateral carine little elevated and the median carina
slight but never entirely wanting. The lateral foveolz are wanting.
The frontal costa is more or less rounded above the ocellus, plain or
very faintly sulcate below with the sides sub-parallel. The antennz
are decidedly flattened at the base and much longer than the head and
pronotum together, in the male as long as the hind femora. The face
seen from the side is nearly straight. The pronotum has the disk
plain with the three carinz equally distinct and cut much behind the
middle with the last transverse sulcus. The lateral carine are plainly
(male) or strongly (female) curved. The posterior margin of the meta-
zone is straight or gently curved, not angulate. The lateral lobes of
pronotum are longer than high, with the anterior and posterior mar-
gins straight and strongly and equally oblique, and with the lower
margins horizontal or slightly descending posteriorly, more decidedly
228 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ascending anteriorly.. Mesosternal lobes separated by a space much
broader than long, the metasternal lobes by a space broader than long
(female) or about as broad as long (male). The tegmina are generally
abortive (female) or well developed (male). The scapular area is
unusually expanded, especially near and beyond the middle in the
male (and in the female to a less extent when the tegmina are not
abortive), and is filled with a series of strong oblique cross-veins. The
discoidal is as broad as the ulnar area, and the intercalary vein is
present. The posterior femora are rather slender or moderately robust
and more or less distinctly banded above. The posterior tibiz have
the apical spurs on the inside about equal.
This North American genus contains two species, one from the
north-eastern and one from the north-western United States.
In part, Locusta (Chloéaltis), Harr., 1852. Treat. Ins. Inj. to Veg.,
160.
In part, Locusta (Chloéaltis), Harr., 1862. Treat. Ins. Inj. to Veg.,
184.
In part, Chloéaltis, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII,
456.
In part, Chloéaltis, Thos., 1880. goth Rept. Ins. Il., 84.
In part, Chloéaltis, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth, 11g.
Chloéaltis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, fig. 11, 11a, and 419.
In part, Chrysochraon, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 74°
In part, Stenobothrus, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
WII, 456:
In part, Zruxals, Thos., 1876. Bul. J, Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61.
KEY TO CHLOEALTIS, Harr.
A.* Posterior margin of the disk of the pronotum straight, lateral
lobes of the pronotum of the male black... 1.— Conspersa, Harr.
A.2_ Posterior margin of the disk of the pronotum obtusely rounded,
lateral lobes of the pronotum of the male not black. .
.2.—A ee Thos.
1. CHLOEALTIS CONSPERSA, Harr. Fig. 14a, 14b.
Locusta (Chloéaltis) conspersa, Harr, 1852. ‘Treat. Ins. Inj.
Vee., 160.
Locusta (Chloéaltis) conspersa, Harr.,1862. Treat.Ins. Inj. Veg.,184.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Scud., 1862. Can. Nat., VII, 286.
Chloéaltis conspersa; Scud., 1862. Journ. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist.,
te ils
McNEILL——REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 229
Chloéaltis conspersa, 5. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
ker Gs
Chloéaltis conspersa, 5. 1. Smith, 1872. Rept. Sec. Agr. Conn.,375.
Chloéaltts conspersa, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. N. H., I., 570,
fig. 55-56.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Scud., 1875. Brit. N. Am. Bound. Com., 286.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Fernald, 1887. Orth. N. E., 36.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Caulfield, 1887. 18th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 70.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Davis, 1889. Ent. Am., V, 78 and 8r.
Chloéaltis conspersa, McNeill, Psyche, VI, 65.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Scud., 1893. 23rd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont.,
75, fig. 50 and 51.
Chloéaltis conspersa, Garman, 1894. 6th Ann. Rept. Ky. Agr. Ex.
sta., 8:
Chloéaltis conspersa, Morse, 1894. Psyche, 13 and 104.
Chiloéaltis conspersa, Blatchley, 1894. Can. Ent., XXVI, 222.
Chloéaltts conspersa, Morse, 1896. Psyche VII, 327, fig. rr, 11a
and 419.
Stenobothrus conspersus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 755.
Chrysochraon conspersum, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 76.
Chrysochraon conspersum, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Chrysochraon conspersum, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com. 355:
Chrysochraon conspersum, Blatchley, 1891. Can. Ent., XXIII, 75.
Chrysochraon conspersum, Osborn, 1892. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.,
1890-91, 4.
Traxalis couspersa, Enos, 1876. 1, Bul. Il. Mus.Nat.\ Hist.) 6x:
Locusta (Chloealtis) abortiva,Aarr.,1852. Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., 160.
Locusta ( Chloealtis) abortiva,Harr., 1862. Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg.,184.
Stenobothros melanopleurus, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 456.
Stenobothros melanopleurus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
bf
Hab. Canada as far north as the shores of Lake Winnipeg; United
States, Nebraska to New England and south to Ohio, Indiana, and.
Illinois.
This species has only been reported once as far west as Nebraska
(Bruner, 1877), and it is not unlikely that this reference was mistaken.
2. CHLOEALTIS ABDOMINALIS, Thos.
Chrysochraon abdominals, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 74.
{Proo, D. A.N.S., Vol. VI.) 29 [December 26, 1896]
230 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Chrysochraon abdominals, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com., 55.
Hab. Montana.
The types are in the National Museum. The species has not been
reported since it was named by Thomas.
XV. DICHROMORPHA, Morse. Fig. 15.
Vertex much shorter than broad, somewhat declivent, convex, but
more or less sulcate behind the distinct elevated lateral carine. ‘These
are straight or gently curved and meet at an angle of go degrees or
more in a blunt point. ‘The median carina is entirely wanting, as are
the lateral foveolee. The frontal costa is sulcate above and below the
ocellus with the sides gently divergent downward, more or less con-
stricted just below the ocellus and near the vertex. ‘The face seen from
the side is nearly straight. The antennz are a little longer (male) or
scarcely so long as (female) the head and pronotum. The disk of the
pronotum is plain with the three carine very nearly straight and paral-
lel. All are cut distinctly behind the middle by the very faint princi-
pal sulcus. The first and second transverse sulci are not visible upon
the disk. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are perpendicular, longer
than high, with the anterior and posterior margins strongly oblique,
the latter plainly sinuate and the lower margin a little descending pos-
teriorly, more strongly ascending and sinuate anteriorly. The lobes
of the mesosternum are separated by a space broader than long (female)
or as broad as long (male). ‘The lobes of the metasternum are sepa-
rated in the female by a space as long as broad, in the male they are
contiguous. ‘The tegmina are generally abortive, sometimes well devel-
oped, in which case the scapular area is not expanded. The anal field
of the tegmina meets the discoidal field at an angle. The posterior
femora are stout and not banded. The posterior tibia are obscurely
colored with the apical spurs on the inner side not very unequal. The
valves of the ovipositor are moderately exerted.
Dichromorpha, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, fig. 1, 7, 74, 7b.
In part, Chloéaltis, Scud., 1862. Journ. Bost. Soc: Nat. Hist; Wie
445.
In part, Chloéaltis, Bruner, 1893. Rev. Syst. Orth., 119.
In part, Opsomala, Thos., 1865. Trans. Il. Agr, Soc., 451.
In part, Chrysochraon, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 75.
In part, Zruxalis, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 92.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. 231
In part, Zruxals, Thos., 1876. Bul. Dll. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, 61.
Key To DicHROMORPHA, Morse.
A.! Lateral carinz of the pronotum perceptibly sinuate about the
middle and a little less distant at this point than on the metazone.
3 Bete ete -1.—VMiridis, Scud.
A. Racers carine 06 he ae SB ateeibiy arcuate about the
middle and more distant at this point than on the metazone ...
...2.—Brunnea, Scud.
1. DICHROMORPHA VIRIDIS, Scud.
Chloéaltis viridis, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 455.
Chloéaltis viridis, S. 1. Smith, 1872. Rept. Sec. Agr. Conn., 374.
Chloéaltis viridis, Scud., 1877. Ent. Notes, VI, 29.
Chloéaltis viridis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 58.
Chloéaltts viridis, Fernald, 1887. Orth. New Eng., 36
Chloéaltis viridis, Davis, 1889. Ent. Am., V, 81.
Chloéaltis viridis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 64.
Chloéaltts viridis, Garman, 1894. 6th Ann. Rept. Ky. Agr. Ex.
Sta., 8. ;
Chloéaltis viridis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14.
Chioéaltis viridis, Beutenmiiller, 1894. Desc. Cat. Orth., 292, pl.
vil, fig. Io.
Chloéaltis viridis punctulata, Beutenmiller, 1894. Desc. Cat. Orth.,
202
Stenobothrus viridis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 755.
Chrysochraon viridis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 75.
Chrysochraon viridis, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. N. H., 372.
Chrysochraon viridis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Chrysochraon viridis, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
fio. 4;,E3..
Chrysochraon viridis, Blatchley, 1891. Can: Ent, XXL, vise
Chrysochraon viridis, J. B. Smith, 1892. Bul. go, N. J. Agr. Exp.
Sigs, bl. 1, fig. 5.
Chrysochraon viridis, Osborn, 1892. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1890,
914. .
Chrysochraon viridis, Blatchley, 1894. Can. Ent., XXVI, 221.
Truxalis viridis, Thos., 176. Bul. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, 6r.
Dichromorpha viridis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, fig. 7, 7a, 7b.
Chiloéaltis punctulata, Scud., 1862. Journ. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII,
455-
232 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Chloéaltis punctulata, Fernald, 1887. Orth. New Eng., 36.
Chloéaltts punctulata, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr.; 307.
Chloéaltts punctulata, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14, 104.
Stenobothrus punctulata, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 755.
Chrysochraon punctulatum, Vhos.,1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 76.
Chrysochraon punctulatum, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Chrysochraon punctulatum, Brauner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comes, 55:
Opsomala brevipennis, Vhos., 1865. ‘Trans. Ill. Agr. Soc., V, 451.
Truxals angusticornis, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 105.
Truxa/is angusticornis, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geog. and Geol. Surv.
W. too Mer., V, Zool., 871.
Hab. The United States east of the Rocky Mountains except
Texas and the extreme Southwest.
This is one of the commonest and most widely spread species in
North America.
2. DICHROMORPHA BRUNNEA, Scud. Fig. 15a, 15b.
Chloealtis brunnea, Scud., 1875. Cent. of Orth., 22.
Chloealtts brunnea, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 58.
Hab. Florida (Scudder).
I have seen a typical specimen from Scudder’s collection.
XVI. CLINOCEPHALUS, Morse. Fig. 16.
Vertex horizontal, triangular, sulcate, without a median carina, much
shorter than the distance between the eyes, with strongly elevated lat-
eral carine. Lateral foveole wanting. Frontal costa acuminate above,
sulcate throughout, with the heavy lateral carine regularly divergent
below. Face a very little arcuate. The antenne a little longer than
the head and pronotum (male), sub-filiform, with the seventh to elev-
enth joints expanded laterally on the inner side so as to make them
obscurely serrate at that point. The pronotum has the disk nearly
plain with the three carinze heavy and distinct and plainly cut much
behind the middle by the principal sulcus only. The lateral carinz
are parallel on the prozone, very slightly divergent on the metazone.
The posterior margin of the metazone is very gently arcuate. The
lateral lobes of the pronotum are slightly convex above with the
anterior margin straight and strongly oblique, the posterior margin
oblique and decidedly sinuate above the lower angle and the lower
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/@ OF NORTH AMERICA. 233
margin decidedly angulate in the middle. The lobes of the mesoster-
num are separated by a space longer than broad (male). The meta-
sternal lobes are contiguous. The tegmina and wings are well devel-
oped and not longer than the abdomen. In both the ulnar area is
very greatly expanded in the middle and the discoidal area is narrow.
The posterior femora are not banded. ‘The posterior tibiz have the
apical spurs on the inner side not very unequal. The anterior and
middle femora are somewhat inflated.
Clinocephalus, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, fig. B, Ba.
I. CLINOCEPHALUS ELEGANS, Morse. Fig. 16a.
Chinocephalus elegans, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, fig. B. Ba.
Hab. Long Island, New Jersey, Maryland, Georgia, (Morse).
AVI, ORPRHULA, Stal. Fig: 17a, ¢7b, 17¢). 17d.
Vertex nearly horizontal, never extending in front of the eyes a
distance greater than its own width, always more or less sulcate, with
or without a faint median carina. ‘The lateral foveole are obsolete or
distinct, elongate triangular, or linear, not visible from above. The
frontal costa is plain or sulcate with the sides nearly straight and very
moderately divergent. The face is nearly straight or a little arcuate,
never at all sinuate. The antenne are filiform, sometimes depressed
and acuminate at the apex. The pronotum has the disk nearly plain,
with the median carina cut in or behind the middle. The lateral car-
inz are generally decidedly or strongly sinuate, rarely nearly straight
and divergent from the front border, or from the first and second sul-
cus. Very rarely they are nearly parallel. The lateral lobes of the
pronotum have the anterior border decidedly oblique and straight or
a little arcuate, the posterior border is less oblique and more or less
sinuate and the lower border is decidedly angulate in the middle.
The mesosternal lobes are separated by a space broader than long (fe-
male) or about as broad as long (male) and the metasternal lobes by a
space not broader than long (female) or they are contiguous (male).
The tegmina and wings are well developed, a little shorter or much
longer than the abdomen. ‘The former are very narrow with the
scapular area not more expanded in the male than in the female. The
discoidal area is destitute of the intercalary vein and the ulnar
area in the male is sometimes much widened and regularly reticulate.
The posterior femora are moderately slender or rather heavy. The
234
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
apical spurs on the inner side of the posterior femora are never very
unequal. The valves of the ovipositor are moderately exerted.
Truxalis (Orphula), Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 105.
In part, Stenobothrus, Scud., 1861. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VIL,
450.
In part, Stenobothrus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 8o.
Orphula, Boliv., 1888. Ex. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 27.
Orphula, Brunner. Rey. Sys. Orth., 119.
Orphula, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, fig. 8, roa.
This genus is given by Stal as a sub-genus of Truxalis. It was
founded upon 7. pagana, Stal, 7. plebeia, Stal, TZ. tntricata, Stal, and
Acridium punctatum, De G. The first and third mentioned are South
American species ; the second is from Honolulu ; and the fourth from
Surinam, Rio Janeiro and Columbia. It is represented in North
America and the West Indies by seven species:
es
As2
KEY TO ORPHULA, Stal.
Discoidal field of the tegmina (female) scarcely narrowing dis-
tally where it is occupied nearly always by more than one row of
cells and is little if any narrower than the ulnar area at its widest
part. The ulnar area in the male is either divided into two se-
ries of cells by a more or less distinct false vein or it is irregularly
reticulate, never occupied throughout with a single series of per-
pendicular or oblique cross-veins. The tegmina extend beyond
the tips of the posterior femora always.
Antenne very slender, very slightly depressed and not somewhat
suddenly constricted near the tip and acuminate, as long as the
head and pronotum even in the female. Lateral carinz of the
ee a most nearly approximate at the second transverse
SUC IIS te ewe eoeaaons Bes eorge 58 .1.— Pelidna, Burm.
Antenne not very arcade Leet arpa somewhat sudden-
ly constricted near the apex and acuminate, shorter than the
head and pronotum (female) or but little longer (male). Lateral
carinee of the pronotum most nearly approximate at the trans-
verse sulcus. pis ve «.22s0.2...—— Okwacea, Maerse:
Discoidal area at the face a the female penevally plainly nar-
rowed distally where it is nearly always occupied by a single row
of cells, and is plainly narrower than the ulnar area at its widest
part. The ulnar area in the male is occupied by a single series
of transverse veins. The tegmina rarely exceeding the abdomen
(female) or the tip of the posterior femora (male).
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/ OF NORTH AMERICA. 235
B.* Lateral carinze sub-straight and parallel...... 3.— Decora, n. sp.
B.2 Lateral carine either strongly constricted, or if not they are
strongly divergent on the metazone.
C.t Lateral carine more nearly approximate at the second sulcus
than at the anterior margin of the pronotum. Posterior mar-
gin of the metazone gently angulate or obscurely rounded. Me-
dian carina cut decidedly behind the middle.
D.! Lateral foveole of the vertex generally very obscure, always tri-
angular and basal. Head not very much shorter than the pro-
notum. Antenne as long as (female) or longer than the head
Speciosa, Scud.
D.? Lateral feveole of the vertex distinct and sub-linear. Head
much shorter than the pronotum. Antenne scarcely as long as
(male) or much shorter than (female) the pronotum, and distinct-
ly acuminate at the tip............:....5.—- Zepanica, Sauss.
C.2 Lateral carinee not more nearly approximate at any part of the pro-
notum than at the anterior margin.
D.* Median carina of the pronotum cut in the middle. Lateral ca-
ring of the pronotum gently divergent on the prozone, decidedly
on the metazone. Posterior ee of the metazone strongly
angulate . Sty it ete {aks ards .6.— Orizabe, n. sp.
D.?, Median carina of the ecovdaeni cut Baan the middle. Lateral
_carinee parallel on the prozone ...........7.— Scudderi, Boliv.
§:— Punctata, De Geen.
I. ORPHULA PELIDNA, Burm.
Ihemeth (male). vi ...:16 .—1o mm. (female);....20° =24/mIm.
Tegmina (male)\:......14. —17.5 mm. ° (female)....18 —20 mm.
uotennes.-(male)... 2. % 7 =0O.., tomy, (female). ../. .3).5=10 mam,
Pose Pens (male) 0095 —11-e mm (female). ai...02 4 Dita,
The scutellum does not extend in front of the eyes a distance equal
to the width between the eyes, its sides meet in an angle a little
greater (female) less (male) than a right angle, a sub-crescent shaped
transverse sulcus extends from eye to eye, which is not interrupted by
any trace of a longitudinal median carina. ‘The lateral fovoelz are
generally quite distinct and deep, elongate triangular in shape. The
frontal costa is shallowly sulcate with the walls more divergent than in
spectosa. The eyes are from one and one-half (female) to nearly twice
(male) as long as the groove below the eye. The antennz are little
or not at all depressed, longer than the head and pronotnm, decidedly
236 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
(male) or a little (female), with the segments near the middle from
three to four times as long as wide. The pronotum has the three
carinz quite distinct, the two lateral carine being strongly divergent
on the metazone and more nearly approximate upon the prozone than
in speciosa. They are most nearly approximate at the second sulcus.
All the caring are cut very near the middle by the principal trans-
verse sulcus.
The tegmina surpass the femora slightly (female) or considerably
(male). The ulnar area of the tegmina is usually little or no broader
than the intercalary and the latter is occupied even distally by two or
more rows of cells. The former is never, as in sfeceosa, occupied in
the male by a single row of cells.
This species is extremely variable in color, but brown and fuscous
are the predominant tints. In some specimens brown is replaced by
various shades of green on the face, cheeks, occiput, disk and lower
part of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, anal and costal fields of the
tegmina. In these and other light colored specimens the fuscous
stripe behind the eye is quite broad especially in the male; in many
dark specimens, especially in the male, the fuscous stripe expands so as
to cover nearly the whole of the lateral lobes of the pronotum; gener-
ally, however, there is to be seen more or less of lighter sometimes
strongly contrasting color along the anterior and lower margins. The
lateral carinze are nearly always sharply outlined with yellowish brown
or green which cuts the fuscous band on the metazone. The disk of
the pronotum is sometimes dark except for a broad median light stripe.
The tegmina are commonly brown and the whole radial field is usually
mottled with lighter and darker brown or fuscous. ‘The posterior
femora are brown with the outer face more or less infuscated, some-
times with traces of transverse brown bands. The posterior tibiz are
greenish yellow or obscure brown or plumbeous with the darker basal
half interrupted by a somewhat conspicuous light annulus a short dis-
tance below the knee.
When compared with sfeczosas, the color is more mottled, especially
on the sides and in the radial field of the elytra and green specimens
are much less common.
This species can be distinguished from sfectosas by the length of
the tegmina, by the fact that the antennz are longer than the head
and pronotum and little or not at all depressed, by the narrower ulnar
area of the tegmina never (in the male) occupied by a single row of
cells, by the more compressed prozone and by the absence of the faint
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN‘E OF NORTH AMERICA. 237
median carina present on the scutellum of sfectosa. It is readily
distinguished from ofvacea, Morse by the antennz which are not
short and plainly depressed, with the apex acuminate, as in that spe-
cies, by the lateral carinze which are convergent only to the first sulcus
in o/tvacea instead of to the second as in this.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Burm., 1838. Handb. Ent., II, 650.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 784.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 95.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rep. Ent. Com., 56.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VIT, 104.
In part, Gomphocerus maculipennis, Scud., 1862. Bost. Jour. Nat.
Biicn., -v 11,455.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, S. I. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat.
Hist., I, 148.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Thos., 1872. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 86.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Mont., 430.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, S. 1. Smith, 1872. Rept. Sec Agr. Conn.,
376.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. N. H.,
I, 373.
In part, Gomphocerus maculipennis, Thos., 1876. Bul. I, Ill. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 61.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
In part, Gomphocerus maculipennis, Thos., 1880. Rept. Nox. and
Ben:, Ins: Ill. ,. 102.
In part, Gomphocerus maculipennis, Fernald, 1887. Orth. N. Eng.,
37> fig. 7.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Bruner, 1884. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent.
Com., 55.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, Schufeldt, 1884. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
VIT.-622 and: 335.
Gomphocerus maculipennis, J. B. Smith, 1884. Bul. 4, Div. Ent., 30.
Gomphocerus macu'ipennis, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Lintner, 1885. 2nd Rept. Ins. N. Y., 196.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat.
Hist. Vole 1. Na: 4, ‘121-
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Davis, 1889. Ent. Am., V, 81.
[Proo, D. A.N.S8., Vol. VI.] 30 [December 29, 1896 }
238 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, J. B. Smith, 1892. Bul. go, N. J. Agr.
Col. Ex. ‘Sta., 31; pli, fig. 19.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Morse, 1893. Psyche, VI, 479, fig. 4.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14 and 104.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Garman, 1894. 6th Ann. Rept. Ky. Agr.
Ex, Stas, 10.
Stenobothrus propinguans, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vilar:
Stenobothrus propinguans, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
Stenobothrus propinguans, Vhos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., go.
Stenobothrus propinguans, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Stenobothrus propinqguans, Provancher, 1877. Faune Ent. duCan., 43.
Stenobothrus propinguans, Scud., 1880. Second Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com., 25.
Stenobothrus, sp., Uhler, 1877. Bul. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
Hen aly 702.
Orphula maculipennis, Bolivar, 1888. Ex. Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 27.
Orphula maculipennts, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, fig. 8-8 e.
Not Stenxobothrus maculipennis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, 65.
Hab. United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It is possible
that the range of this species is greater than I have given it, but there
has been so much uncertainty about the identity of this and allied spe-
cies that it is impossible to know in all cases to what species the refer-
ence was made. I am inclined to think that the species generally re-
ferred to propinguans was generally a long-winged @gualis as the range
of this species is much farther north than macudipennis which is a
southern form. I think there is little doubt but that the synonomy
given above is correct. Mr. Scudder compared his propfinguans with
Burmeister’s type of fedédna and decided that the former was a syn-
onym. I have a typical specimen of propinguans from Mr. Scudder’s
cabinet which he has labeled as equal to fedzdna. A careful study
of this specimen has convinced me that it is maculipennis and really
much more typical than some of the southern forms. Furthermore,
Scudder’s description of propenquans applies about equally well to
varieties of maculipennis and egua/is except in one particular. He
says ‘Hind tibiz plumbeus with a broad pale annulation at the base.”’
This applies to most varieties of macu/ipennis, but I have never seen a
specimen of @gualis in the hundreds I have in my collection which
contains specimens from Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana,
Texas, Indiana, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hamp-
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. 239
shire, New Jersey, Maryland, Georgia, or in any collection to which I
have had access, which had this mark.
2. ORPHULA OLIVACEA, Morse. Fig. 17 b.
Stenobothrus olivaceus, Morse, 1893. Psyche, VI, 479, fig. 182.
Stenobothrus olivaceus, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 105.
Stenobothrus olivaceus, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, fig. ro—10a.
Hab. Greenwich and Stanford, Connecticut, salt marshes (Morse).
3. ORPHULA DECORA, n. sp. Fig. 17 d.
LS SDT L250) RM ap en eg af a anche aber siete” igi iis
UR APAEERUNR cca, eas af Shae cues © pda oop Me wie TP Sco eee 16 mm.
BREA ent ac 5) 2 tye ge 5 x see Cases A eT O eRe ee oye, MEET
MRPMRERMNER aye aye mye soy eco oe, he wioha Aaa e Ag Re asa evan oiae, A ae EERE
Vertex broad but little advanced in front of the eyes, with a very
low lateral carina, close to which is a shallow narrow sulcus and no
median carina. ‘The frontal costa is not at all sulcate, with the sides
straight and very moderately divergent. The lateral foveole are
elongate triangular and obscure. ‘The face is arcuate. The antenne
are filiform, scarcely at all depressed. The pronotum has the median
carina cut distinctly behind the middle. The lateral carine are near-
ly straight and parallel to the median carina, being quite parallel to
the second sulcus and from that point barely divergent to the posterior
margin of the metazone which is moderately angulate. The lobes of
the mesosternum are separated by a space much broader than long.
The lobes of the metasternum by a space much longer than broad.
‘The tegmina are a little longer than the abdomen. The general color
is testaceous, with the sides of the abdomen and an obscure stripe be-
hind the eye a little darker, and the whole upper surface, including
the anal and the costal fields of the tegmina green. The testaceous
discoidal field is scarcely perceptibly maculate with very small spots.
Described from a single female which has lost its posterior femora
and all of one and part of the other antenna.
This species is more closely related to sfecéosa than to any other
of the Orphulz. It is, however, readily distinguished by its much
greater size approaching as it does very nearly Dichromorpha viridis,
the female being a little less robust than in that species. It is also
distinct in the structure of the pronotum in which the lateral carinz
are very nearly parallel and straight. The vertex is shorter and more
rounded than in sfeczosa and there is no median carina. The metas-
240 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ternal lobes are separated by a space about twice as long as broad in
this species, in sfeczosa by a space about as long as broad. In some
respects decora approaches O. orizabe, but it is readily distinguished
from that species by the very much shorter vertex and the parallel
lateral carine of the pronotum.
Hab. Fayetteville, Arkansas.
4. ORPHULA SPECIOSA, Scud. Fig. 17 c.
Dength (matle)rasc: -o.2'4—bs minis» Gemale).. 4.25. 20-21 mm.
Peemitta ee atest tee eT SMM. «arn aOR acy pa Se 12-16 mm.
AN MUPE IMACS rh etetatate oheter ete GeO MINN 5) cae ta fa 5 hehe ken atar ete mm.
Posto Remi 3) a. sence er GAEL Tait, ve a, PH IK Soba eee mm.
Scutellum of the vertex extending in front of the eyes much less
than the distance between the eyes, with the sides meeting at an angle
scarcely so little as a right angle even in the male. A somewhat
crescent-shaped sulcus extends across the scutellum and this is inter-
rupted by a faint median carina which extends backward more or less
distinctly to the middle of the occiput. The lateral foveolz are
usually indistinct and triangular. The frontal costa has the sides
slightly and somewhat regularly diverging from the vertex to the cly-
peus ; it is furnished with coarse lateral walls which are moderately
high or scarcely elevated. The eyes are distinctly less than twice as
long as the groove below the eye. ‘The antennz are about as long as
the head and pronotum ; they are plainly depressed with the segments
near the middle from one and one-half to twice as long as broad. The
three carinz of the pronotum are distinct raised lines, cut slightly be-
hind the middle by the principal sulcus. The lateral carinz are gently
sinuate and convergent to the second sulcus on the prozone and only
slightly divergent on the metazone.
The tegmina are rarely longer than the abdomen in the female and
they very rarely surpass the knees in the male. ‘The ulnar area is
usually twice as wide as the intercalary area in the middle of the elytra
and is furnished with one (male) or two (female) rows of cells. The
intercalary area has but a single row of cells at the distal end.
The color is extremely variable. Some specimens are a nearly uni-
form dark brown; lighter colored specimens have the ground color
any shade of brown or green, sometimes varied with rose, with a rather
broad fuscous stripe extending from the eye across the upper margin of
the lateral lobes of the pronotum, on the metazone crossing the lateral
carinze and edging the disk. In many specimens the lateral carinz
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 241
are outlined with a lighter color. The elytra may be (a) nearly uni-
form brown; (2) nearly uniform green, except the radial field, which is
more or less completely brown or fuscous with a single row of darker
spots extending through the discoidal area to or beyond the middle of
the tegmina; (¢) the anal field concolorous with the occiput and disk
of the pronotum, and the costal field green or some shade of brown
different from that of the anal field.
The posterior femora are greenish or brown, with the outer face
more or less infuscated but never plainly banded.
The posterior tibize are dull brown, yellowish without any pale annu-
lation near the base.
This is a common or abundant species from the Yellowstone Valley
to Maine. In Northern Illinois it is confined to the tops and sides of
the hills. In suitable situations (somewhat dry pasture lands) it is not
uncommon as far south as Kansas and North-west Arkansas, and I have
found it common on the hills about Shreveport, La.
I have examined Mr. Scudder’s type of S. spectosus and S. gracilis
and I think there is no doubt of their specific identity with S. egua/es.
I have also a specimen of S. dzd¢neatus (Scud.) from Dr. Scudder’s
cabinet, and I think there is no reasonable doubt of its identity with
the above-named species.
Stenobothrus speciosus, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VIL, 458.
Stenobothrus speciosus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
Stenobothrus speciosus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 86.
Stenobothrus spectosus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent.Com., 55.
Stenobothrus equals, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII,
459-
Stenobothrus equalis, S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
TTAB.
Stenobothrus equals, Walk., 1860. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
Stenobothrus equalis, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. N. H., 373.
Stenobothrus equals, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Stenobothrus equais, Bruner. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 55.
Stenobothrus equals, Lintner, 1885. 2nd Rept. Ins. N. Y., 196.
Stenobothrus equals, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
ier, Volst No: 4: |
Stenobothrus equals, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Stenobothrus equals, Bruner, 1887. Rept. Com. Agr., 167.
242 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Stenobothrus equalis, J. B. Smith, 1892. Bul. go, N. J. Agr. Col.
Ex, jpta:, 21.
Stenobothrus equalis, Osborn, 1892. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 18g0-
OI, 4. .
Stenobothrus equalis, Morse, 1893. Psyche, VI, 476, figs. 5 and 6.
Stenobothrus equalis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14 and 104.
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 460.
Stenobothrus bilineatus,S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat.
ists, 1.248:
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 754.
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., go.
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent.Com., 55.
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 104.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Scud., 1872. Fin. Rept.U.S. Geol. Surv. Neb.,
250.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Thos., 1872, Pelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 430.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 94.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 55.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat.
Hasty 248:
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Thos., 1876. Bul. I, Ill. Mus. Nat.
ist: Ga:
Stenobothrus maculipennis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 65.
Orphula equalis, Bolivar, 1888. Ex. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 27.
Orphula equalis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 326, figs. 9, gc.
5. ORPHULA TEPANICA(?), Sauss. Fig. 174.
Tenth (aide ioe ae ee ried 16° mm. o\(female).*. <>). .20;mm.
"Tegrintings ©. 5.) 2! ues ic tale ose ote lo ageless eve rissa = ssf
Pi Gitnci thot: ee a AME PPE RIE Sir aA VIR | OS eRe Aermem mene eT! |
Post: Fetin: «2 gti. iss 3s Witches, Se ra) peg te fate ho, 2 2 aon oye el OE
Vertex with a distinct but shallow crescent-shaped foveola with the
lateral carinze sharp and elevated and meeting in a nearly sharp angle
equal to (female) or less than (male) a right angle. Lateral foveolee
nearly linear and distinct. Frontal costa very slightly (female) or
moderately (male) sulcate with the sides regularly divergent below.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 243
The antennz are much (female) or little (male) shorter than the head
and pronotum and they are acuminate at the tip. Pronotum much
longer than the head with the median carina cut decidedly behind the
middle, and the lateral carine slightly convergent to the second sul-
cus, more strongly divergent from that point to the posterior margin
which is very obtusely angulate. The tegmina are about as long as
(female) or a little longer than (male) the abdomen. ‘The ulnar area
of the tegmina is much narrower than in sfecéosa, and is occupied by
very weak cross-veins. The color is greenish or testaceous, very simi-
lar to light colored specimens of sfeczosa.
This species is described from one male and four females from Sis-
kiyou county and Los Angeles, California. They were collected by
Mr. Coquillett and are now in the National Museum. It is impossible
to be certain that the species just described is that named ‘epanicus by
Saussure, as he gives a very imperfect description of the pronotum.
As his description fits these specimens very well as far as it goes, and
as the locality is not far removed, I have thought it best not to risk
another synonym.
? Stenobothrus tepanicus, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., Ser. II, 21.
? Stenobothrus tepanicus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 206.
Hab. Mexico (Saussure); Los Angeles, Siskiyou county, Cali-
fornia.
6. ORPHULA ORIZAB#, Nn. sp. Fig. 17.
Hength (male). ...... 2. 13.5-14-5 mm.. (female). ......21 mam.
PESNEMC Pores ta ee ae EE ERG TIES 2 ee ain woe so a
PRAMPRAL Lo are aye Sate ew ate coc, oie: Pe) LLEEEN
ese eee hae e iate tial eles & Gots DERI Oe aa ween ee es Os II mm.
The vertex is much produced in front of the eyes, being about as
long as wide. It is very shallowly but broadly sulcate with the lateral
carinz very slight and scarcely elevated. The lateral foveolz are tri-
angular and obscure. The frontal costa is narrow and scarcely sulc-
ate. The face is very slightly arcuate. The antenne are very short,
not equaling the head and pronotum even in the male. The pronotum
is much longer than the head. The median carina is cut in the mid-
dle by the principal sulcus. The lateral carinze are quite as distinct
and sharp as the median, and they are divergent from almost the ante-
rior margin to the posterior margin, which is strongly angulate. The
tegmina exceed (male) or fall a little short (female) of the posterior
femora. In some females the discoidal area has the distal portion a
244 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
little irregularly reticulate instead of the single series of cells usual in
the division of the genus to which this species belongs. In the female,
the ulnar area of the tegmina is less than twice as broad as the dis-
coidal area and is occupied by a single series of weak and widely sepa-
‘rated veins. The general color of the female is green with the under
parts, the sides of the abdomen, and the inner and lower faces of the
posterior femora and the posterior tibiz brown ; with the lateral carinze
of the pronotum whitish, accompanied by a very narrow black line,
external on the prozone, internal on the metazone. ‘The tegmina are
grass-green and quite immaculate. The male is wholly testaceous,
varying to dark brown except the upper surface of the head, the disk
of the pronotum, and the anal field of the tegmina. The discoidal
field is obsoletely maculate, with a few irregularly scattered small
spots.
Described from two females from Mexico City, Mexico, and San
Antonio, Texas, and four females from Mexico City and Tlalpam,
Mexico. All of these specimens are in my collection except the speci-
men from San Antonio which is in the National Museum. The last
mentioned specimen differs a little from the other male, especially in
having the frontal costa plainly sulcate with heavy lateral carinz and
the ulnar area of the tegmina has more numerous cross-veins. I think,
however, that it belongs to the species here described.
Hab. Mexico City, Tlalpam, Mexico, San Antonio, Texas.
7. ORPHULA SCUDDERI, Bolivar.
Orphula scudderi, Bol., 1888. Ex. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 27.
Hab. Cuba (Bolivar).
8. ORPHULA PUNCTATA, De Geer.
Acridium punctatum, De Geer, 1773. Mem. Ins., III, 503, pl.
XLII, fig. 12.
Truxalis (orphula) punctata, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 106.
Orphula punctata, Brunner, 1893. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond.,
XLT, 606.
Hab. Surinam (De Geer); Rio Janeiro, Columbia (Stal), Gren-
ada, St. Vincent, and other islands of the West Indies (Brunner).
I am unacquainted with this species and the descriptions are too
meagre to determine its position, but I include it here for the sake of
completeness.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA, 245
SPECIES OF UNCERTAIN VALUE AND POSITION.
“Stenobothrus mexicanus, Walk.,. 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 756
(Oajaca).
Stenobothrus decisus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 757 (San
Domingo).
Stenohothrus arctatus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV,°761 (Hon-
duras). , ;
Stenobothrus viridissimus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., [V, 761
(Honduras).
These species apparently belong to Ovfhula, but the descriptions
are not good enough to enable one to certainly recognize such vari-
able and closely-allied forms. It is not, unlikely that mexicanus arc-
tatus, and viridissimus are synonyms of QO. fepanicus, Sauss., while
dectsus is possibly O spectosus.
XVIII... ALPHA, Brunner... Fig. 18.
Head about as long as the pronotum. Vertex almost horizontal,
slightly declivent, sulcate with rather heavy lateral carinze which meet
in a blunt point and with no trace of a median carina. The lateral
foveolz are present but often not clearly separated from the front on
account of the obsolescence of the lower carinz. The frontal costa is
narrow above the ocellus, sulcate and slightly acuminate below; its
sides are more or less strongly divergent, while its lateral carinze are
heavy and distinct. The face seen from the side is strongly oblique and
straight. ‘lhe antenne- ate somewhat (female) or much (male) longer
than the head and pronotum. They are flattened basally and plainly
acuminate. The disk of the pronotum is somewhat convex, with the
median carina rather slight and cut by the distinct principal sulcus
behind the middle. . The lateral. carinz are scarcely distinguishable,
even on the metazone, but. they are replaced on the sides of the disk
by distinct light-colored stripes which are strongly or very strongly
sinuate, and divergent’ on the metazone. The metazone has its poste-
rior margin gently rounded. ‘The lateral lobes of the pronotum are
small, a little longer than high, with the anterior. margin moderately
oblique, the posterior sub-perpendicular and the lower nearly straight
and horizontal. The lobes of the mesosternum are separated by a
space much broader than long, snd the metasternal lobes by a space
about square (female) or longer than broad (male). The tegmina and
{Proc. D.A.N.S, Vol. VL] 31 [January 3, 1897 ]
246 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
wings are well developed. The former has the mediastine vein very
short in the male, with the scapular area expanded so as to make the
anterior margin of the tegmina plainly arcuate near the middle. The
discoidal and ulnar areas are imperfectly or not at all closed. The
posterior femora are slender, with more or less distinct bands on the
upper face. The posterior tibiz have the apical spines on the inner
side much stronger than those on the outside. The valves of the ovi-
positor are strongly exerted, the lower ones being furnished with an
unusually strong lateral tooth.
Of the new genera given by Brunner in his Réviston du systéme des
Orthoptéres, this is one of the few that can be clearly determined. He
says in a foot-note that it. is represented by four species in the United
States ; with Stenobothrus occipitalis, Thos., as the type. In other
cases he simply states that the genus is founded upon one or more
species from a certain locality without either naming or describing the
species and with no description of the genus other than the
very brief one given in the key. It is impossible to determine from
these brief characterizations just what the genus is and to guess at these
would only make confusion in synonomy so that I have determined to
treat such genera as though they never had been made. I know of
but three species in the United States or North America that will be
included in this genus as I have limited it.
Alpha, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 121.
In part, Stenobothrus, Thos. Syn. Acrid., N. Am., 81.
Ochrilidea ? Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 52.
KEY TO ALPHA, Bruner.
A. Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the middle.
Lateral carinze twice as widely separated at the posterior margin
of the metazone as near the middle of the disk.
B. Posterior tibis red.................+.++1.— Occipitalis, Thos.
B.2 Posterior tibie testaceous...... 0.20.2 00 0% 2.— Cinerea, Bruner.
A.2. Median carina of the pronotum cut very little behind the middle.
Lateral carinze about twice as widely separated at the posterior
margin of the metazone as at the middle of the disk. :
-..++3-— Crenulata, Bruner.
1. ALPHA OcCcIPITALIS, Thos. Figs. 18a, 18b.
Stenobothrus occipitalis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 8r.
Stenobothrus occipitalis, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com, 55%
McNEILL—-REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 247
Stenobothrus occipitalis, Bruner, 1884. Bul. 4 Div. Ent., 58.
Oxycoryphus occipitalis, Thos., 1876. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
boc:
Orchrilidea occipitatis, Bruner, 1889. Pro. U.S. Nat. Mus , XII, 52.
Orchrilidea occipital’s, Townsend, 1893. Insect Life, VI, 31.
Orchrilidea occidentalis, Bruner, 1893. XII, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 51.
Stenobothrus occidentalis, Bruner, 1893. XII, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 51.
Hab. Both slopes of the Rocky Mountains, extending from New
Mexico and Arizona to Idaho and Montana and as far east as western
Nebraska and Dakota. According to Bruner this and the following
species are ‘‘frequenters of the mountain slopes and foot-hills and
especially so when these localities are somewhat sandy. Like crenulata
they are partial to the bare surfaces, and are very active in their move-
ments.’’ The National Museum contains what appears to be Thomas’
type as well as other specimens from Colorado, Wyoming, Montana,
and Nebraska.
2. ALPHA CINEREA, Bruner.
Orchrilidea cinerea, Bruner. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 51.
Hab. Wyoming, Idaho, Western Dakota, and Nebraska.
3. ALPHA CRENULATA, Bruner.
Orchrilidea crenulata, Bruner. Proc. U.S. Nat. Nat. Mus., XII, 51.
Hab. Both slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from the southern to
the northern boundaries of the United States, as far east as western
Dakota and Nebraska.
XIX. PHLIBOSTROMA, Scud. Fig. 19.
Body robust, with the head unusually large. The occiput is strongly
convex. The vertex convex, declivent, and not sulcate, advanced in
front of the eyes only half as far as the distance between them, with
distinct lateral carinze which are nearly straight and meet in a rounded
angle. There is sometimes a trace of a median carina. The lateral
foveolz are scarcely separated from the front by a carina which is al-
ways weak, sometimes wanting. The frontal costa is nearly plain or
sulcate with heavy lateral carinze which are very moderately divergent
downward. The face is gently arcuate and very moderately oblique.
The antenne are filiform, longer (female) or considerably longer (male)
248 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
than the head and pronotum. The pronotum has the disk nearly
plain, with all the carinze, but especially the median, distinct. This
is cut by the transverse sulcus very little behind the middle. The lat-
eral carinze are very strongly sinuate and upon the metazone divergent.
They are cut plainly by the principal sulcus. The metazone has its
posterior margin roundly angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum
are higher than long with the anterior margin slightly oblique, the
posterior perpendicular and the lower arcuate. The anterior corner
of the lateral lobes is evenly rounded, the posterior angulate with a
rounded apex. There is on the anterior part of the lateral lobes a
heavy carina which extends from the middle sulcus forward and a lit-
tle downward to near the middle of the anterior margin. The meso-
sternal lobes are separated by a narrow space several times as broad as
long, and the metasternal lobes by a narrow space not more than twice
(male) or three or four times (female) as long as broad. The tegmina
are a little shorter (female) or a little longer (male) than the abdomen.
They have the scapular area much expanded in the male so as to make
the anterior margin strongly arcuate. The discoidal and ulnar areas
are frequently imperfectly closed, and the former has an irregular
intercalary vein. The posterior femora are banded above and on the
outer face. The posterior tibize are reddish with the apical spurs on
the inner side not very unequal in length. The valves of the ovipos-
itor are very moderately exerted.
Phitbostroma, Scud., 1875. Cent. Orth., 28.
In part, Stexobothrus, Thos., 1873. Syn. N. Am. Acrid., 93.
Beta, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth , 121.
The genus is represented by a single variable species.
1. PHLIBOSTROMA QUADRIMACULATA, Thos. Figs. 1ga, rgb.
Stenobothrus guadrimacalatus, Vhos., 1871. Prelim. Rept. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Wyo., 280.
Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Vhos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Mont., 430.
Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Vhos., 1873. Syn. N. Am. Acrid., 93.
Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Brauner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com, 5°56:
Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 1885,
307.
Phiibostroma quadrimaculata, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab.
Nat: Hist: 1, Nov 45735.
McNEILL—-REVISION OF THE TRUXALINA OF NORTH AMERICA. 249
Philibostroma picta, Scud., 1875. Cent. Orth., 29.
Phiibostroma picta, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 57.
Phitbostroma picta, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
No. 7, 199. :
Phibostroma parva, Scud., 1876. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer.,
App. JJ, 510.
Phiibostroma parva, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 57.
Phibostroma parva, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Phhbostroma parva, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
No. 7, 199.
Stenobothrus laetus, Uhler, 1877. Bul. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
fem. Tl 792:
Not Pihilobostroma parva, McNeill. Psyche, VI, 64.
Hab. The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Texas to
British America and eastward to Kansas and Nebraska.
The study of a considerable number of specimens from numerous
localities and an examination of Scudder’s type of Phi. pictum and of
what appears to be Thomas’ types of S¢. guadrimaculatus in the Na-
tional Museum has led me to the conclusion that there is but a single
variable species of this genus in the United States. The United States
National Museum contains specimens from Colorado, Nebraska, Wyom-
ing, British America, and Texas.
XX. BOOPEDON, Thos. Fig. 20.
Ss
Vertex declivent, convex and not separated from the front by dis-
tinct caring and not forming an angle with the front, but united with
itinacurve. The foveole of the vertex and of the tempora are indi-
cated by punctures or sometimes by very shallow sulcations. The
latter are dorsal. The front is nearly perpendicular. The frontal
costa is very broad, about equal to half the width of the vertex be-
tween the eyes, convex with the sides very little parallel, only a little
constricted at the vertex, vanishing before reaching the clypeus. The
antenne are filiform, much (male) or somewhat (female) longer than
the head and pronotum. ‘The disk of the pronotum is more or less
elevated toward the median carina. ‘This is unusually prominent and
is cut near the middle by the principal sulcus only. The lateral
carine are nearly parallel or very moderately sinuate and on the met-
azone divergent. They are most distinct on the anterior margin of
the prozone, obsolete on the metazone. The posterior margin of the
250 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
metazone is obtusely but sharply angulate. The lateral lobes of the
pronotum are higher than long with the anterior and posterior margins
straight, decidedly and equally oblique, and with the lower margin
strongly arcuate and somewhat angulate in the middle. The lobes of.
the mesosternum are separated by a space much wider than long, the
metasternal lobes by a linear ridge with an elongate deep pit on either
side. The wings and tegmina are well developed but do not exceed
the abdomen. ‘The former in the male have the scapular area consid-
erably expanded and filled with strong oblique cross-veins. The dis-
coidal area is filled with irregularly reticulating veins. The posterior
femora are banded on the inner and outer surfaces. The posterior
tibiz have the apical spurs on the inner side very long and stout, be-
ing twice as long as those on the outer side, and the anterior one of
the inner spurs is nearly twice as long as the other. ‘The valves of
the ovipositor are only moderately exerted.
_ This genus is North American and is represented by two species
only, both western forms.
Boépedon, Vhos., 1870. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 83.
Boébpedon, Thos.,1871. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyo., 272.
Boépedon, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 14o.
Boépedon, Brunner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 123.
KEy TO BOOPEDON, Thos.
A.t Elytra brown, plain or most obscurely spotted. General color
varying from shining black to yellow, posterior femora stout and
more than commonly expanded at the base with black bands ex-
tending across the outer, upper and inner faces.
eetaeeraa ss beh iene hs peace ae o/h gL Webi ee
Nee Elytra pow with a yell sie near both the anterior and pos-
terior edges and three oblong yellow spots in the discoidal field.
General color greenish-yellow varied with brown. Posterior fe-
mora slender with a longitudinal fuscous stripe on the outer, and
fuscous bands or markings on the inner but not on the upper
face eo eee on 2 PAO OS Clalimt ae
1. BOOPEDON NUBILUM, Say. Figs. 20a, 2ob.
Gryllus nubilus, Say, 1825. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 308.
Gryllus nubilus, Say, 1825. Ent. N. Am. Ed. Lec., II, 237.
Bobpedon nubilum, Thos., r8¥a.. Prelim, Rept. U.. S:.Geols Suns
Wyo., 265 and 272.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. 251
Boépedon nubilum, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 430.
Bobpedon nubilum, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 141, pl. fig. rr.
Boépedon nubilum, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Boipedon nubilum, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 303.
Boépedon nubilum, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 58.
Bobpedon nubilum, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
PING. 4, 335.
Boépedon nubilum, Bruner, 1885. Bul. Wash. Col. Lab. Nat. Hist...”
Pe No:)7,,198-
Boépedon nigrum, Thos., 1870. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 83.
Hab. Eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, extending to east-
ern Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas.
The National Museum contains Thomas’ type of 4. xzgrum.
2. BoGPEDON FLAVOFASCIAFUM, Thos.
Bobpedon flavofasctatum, Thos., 1870. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 84.
Bobpedon flavofasciatum, Thos., 1871. Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Wyo., 265 and 273.
Bobpedon flavofasciatum, Thos., 1873. Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Mont., 430.
Boébpedon flavofasciatum, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 141.
Bobpedon flavofasciatum, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Bobpedon flavofasciatum, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent.
Com., 58.
Hab. Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico,
Texas, and eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.
The National Museum contains Thomas’ types, two females. It
also contains a male from Dallas, Texas, which also probably belongs
to this species. In this specimen the tegmina are less than half as
long as the abdomen and rounded at the tip. The femora are decid-
edly longer than in B. zudzdum, and the lateral carinz of the prono-
tum are more distinct and the disk is less rounded.
XXI. PLECTROPHORUS, n. gen. Fig. 21.
Head much shorter than the pronotum. Vertex horizontal, sulcate,
with slight lateral and obsolete median carina, but little advanced in
front of the eyes. (The frontal costa is indistinctly separated from
the vertex and it is unusually prominent, seen from above, and
252 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
much advanced.) The top of the head is furnished with three slight
carine. The lateral foveole are scarcely discernible as a group ot
punctations, but the tempora are plainly visible from above. The
frontal costa is prominent, not at all sulcate but plainly convex, broad,
with the sides sub-parallel. The face seen from the side is strongly
arcuate and moderately declivent. The antennz are sub-filiform, as
long as the head and pronotum. ‘The pronotum has the disk slightly
elevated toward the median carina, which is very distinct and is cut
once plainly in front of the middle. The lateral carinze are distinct,
except between the first and third sulci where they are broken and
interrupted. They are gently arcuate and convergent to the second
sulcus, beyond which they are slightly arcuate and strongly divergent.
The metazone is strongly angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum
are much higher than long, with the anterior and posterior margins
straight and very little inclined and the lower margin horizontal be-
hind, ascending before the middle. The mesosternal lobes are sepa-
rated by a space about as long as broad. The metasternal lobes are
nearly (female) or quite (male) contiguous behind and inclose two
deep pits. The tegmina and wings are very large. The former has
the discoidal area densely and irregularly reticulate. The posterior
femora are unusually heavy at the base, with the apical half slender.
The posterior tibiz have the apical spurs on the inner side very large,
the anterior one being straight, twice as long as the one behind it and
scarcely shorter than the first tarsal joint. The valves of the ovipos-
itor are moderately exerted. The disk of the pronotum is velvety
black with a broad median longitudinal light stripe, and the tegmina
are distinctly maculate with large spots, as in //7pfiscus.
The genus is tropical American. It includes two species. The
type is Stenobothrus viatorius, Sauss. ‘This species, with ScyZ/ina pera-
grans, Stal, from South America was made by Stal the type of the
genus Scy/ina. But it is generically distinct from S. peragrans, and
does not fall into Scy//ina as it is given in his key. I have therefore
separated it.
In part, Scylina, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth, I, 94.
KEY TO PLECTROPHORUS, n. gen.
A.* Foveole of the vertex semi-elliptical. Posterior femora orange,
withrtietapex ‘blie a. dete ee ...1.—Viatorius, Sauss.
A.? Foveolee of the vertex triangular. Posterior femora red, with the
apex Blues. vis).ie. oo. . ALU Ee ataele Niea). 28-— GV ERO77105; Sale
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN OF NORTH AMERICA. 253
1. PLECTROPHORUS VIATORIUS, Sauss. Figs. 21a, 21b, 21¢.
Stenobothrus viatorius, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., II, 20.
Stenobothrus viatorius, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 206.
Scyllina viatoria, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 112.
Hab. All of Mexico, where it is common and injurious (Sauss.).
I have specimens from Orizaba and Tlalpam.
2. PLECTROPHORUS GREGARIUS, Sauss.
Stenobothrus gregarius, Sauss., 1861. Orth. Nov. Am., IT, 20.
Stenobothrus gregarius, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 206.
Hab. Islands of St. Thomas and Hayti (Sauss.).
I am unacquainted with the species, but it probably belongs to this
genus.
XXII. MECOSTETHUS, Fieb. Fig. 22.
Vertex horizontally produced with a median carina more or less dis-
tinct and with lateral carinz distinct, straight, meeting in a sharp or
rounded point in front to form an angle a little greater or a little less
than go degrees. ‘The lateral foveolz are very small, triangular, basal
(distant from the vertex) visible from above, sometimes almost obso-
lete. The frontal costa is continued distinctly almost to the clypeus,
it is sulcate at least below the ocellus. The antenne are filiform, much
longer (male) or about as long (female) as the head and pronotum to-
gether. The pronotum is plain above with all the carinz distinct, the
median cut in or a little in advance of the middle, the lateral cut by
the principal sulcus only or by either or both of the other sulci as well.
The metazone is very obtusely angled. The laterai lobes of the pro-
notum are at least as high as long with the anterior and posterior mar-
gins sub-perpendicular, and with the lower margins only moderately
obtuse and but little rounded at the apex. The tegmina are well de-
veloped in both sexes, the mediastine vein is well developed, extend-
ing beyond the middle and the costal field is expanded at the
base and furnished with an adventitious vein. The scapular area is
but little expanded in the male and is about equal in both sexes. The
discoidal area is furnished with a very prominent intercalary vein
which is nearer the ulnar than the radial vein. This area is occupied
by a double series of strong cross-veins and forms the musical organ
in the male. The posterior femora are somewhat longer than usual,
extending beyond the end of the abdomen inthe male. The last
[Proo. D. A.N.S., Vol. VI.] 32 (January 5, 1897.)
254 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ventral plate of the male is acutely produced, being at least twice as
long as its greatest depth. The valves of the ovipositor are strongly
exerted, with the upper pair finely crenulate above.
Mecostethus, Fieber, 1853. Syn., to.
Mecostethus, Bruner, 1882. Pro. Eur. Orth., 94, fig. 24.
Mecostethus, Bruner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 123.
Mecostethus, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, figs. 13-15b.
Stetheophyma, Fisch., 1853. Orth. Eur., 357, XVIII, fig. 3.
Stetheophyma, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., I, 93.
Stetheophyma, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 98.
Stetheophyma, Boliv., 1876. Syn. Acrid. Esp., 139.
Stetheophyma, Thos., 1880. Nox. and Ben. Ins. IIl., IX, 84.
This European genus is represented in North America by three
species.
Key to MEcostTeTHus, Fieb.
A.* Prozone shorter than the metazone. Lateral carine plainly sin-
uate and strongly divergent from the first sulcus to the posterior
margin. Posterior femora slender.
B.' Scapular area of the tegmina with a pale streak. Intercalary vein
of the male with very obscure low dull teeth. . 1.—Zzneatws, Scud.
B.? Scapular area without a pale streak. Intercalary vein of the male
with sharp, elevated, minute, closely-set teeth. . 2 —Gvraczlis, Scud.
A.? Prozone as long as the metazone. Lateral carinze very nearly
straight and very gently divergent. Posterior femora not unus-
ually slemder. . 59.65.09 s.0ie exe Eee eine «aie gut LOPLIPLET Gs Demae
1. MECOSTETHUS LINEATUS, Scud. Figs. 22a, 22b.
Arcyptera lineata, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 462.
Arcyptera lineata, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. Surv. N. H., I, 373.
Arcyptera lineata, Provancher, 1877. Faune Ent. du Can., 44.
Arcyptera lineata, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 66.
Stetheophyma lineata, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 98.
Stetheophyma lineata, Thos., 1880. Nox. and Ben. Ins. IIl., 105.
Stetheophyma lineata, Fernald, 1887. Orth. N. E., 38.
Stetheophyma lineata, Bruner. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 56.
Stetheophyma lineata, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 105.
Mecostethus lineatus, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, figs. 13, 13b.
? Mecostethus variegatus, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., IV, 781.
? Mecostethus variegatus, Thos., 1873." Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 210.
Hab. New England to Northern Illinois and Iowa.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 255
This is a rare species which has been reported but a few times.
Walker refers certain specimens from North America to S. variegatus,
Sulz. It is possible that this determination was correct, but it is very
improbable, and I have referred his name to this species with great
doubt. It is possible that his specimen is Bodpedon nigrum, Thos.
2. MECOSTETHUS GRACILIS, Scud.
Arcyptera gracilis, Scud., 1862. Can. Nat., VIT, 286.
Arcyptera gracilis, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII,
463.
Arcyptera gracilis, S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
WakAs.
Arcyptera gracilis, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. Surv. N. H., I, 373.
Arcyptera gracits, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 56.
Arcyptera gracilis, Scud., 1893. 23rd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont.,
76, fig. 53.
Arcyptera gracilis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 105.
Mecostethus gracilis, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, fig. 14.
Hab. Maine, Red River (British America), Nebraska, and Black
Hills (Dakota). The National Museum contains specimens from the
last mentioned locality collected by Mr. Bruner.
3. MECOSTETHUS PLATYPTERUS, Scud.
Arcyptera platyptera, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII,
463.
Stenobothrus platyptera, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. Ent. Com., 56.
Stenobothrus platyptera, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 105.
Mecostethus platyptera, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, figs. 15, 15b.
Hab. New England.
This species has never been reported outside of New England.
XXIII. BOOTETTIX, Bruner. Fig. 23.
Scutellum of the vertex nearly horizontal, very shallowly sulcate,
with a delicate median carina, and slight though distinct raised walls
which meet at an acute angle in a very sharp point at the vertex. The
tempora are triangular, nearly vertical, and scarcely visible from above,
with the lower wall obsolete. The frontal costa is contracted for a
short distance below the vertex into a very narrow ridge scarcely wider
than the median carina of the pronotum ‘This rapidly expands until
256 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
when opposite the antennee it is as wide as at any point; from this
point it is sub-parallel and sulcate with raised walls. The antennz
are shorter than (female) or about equal to (male) the head and prono-
tum. They are coarse, somewhat flattened, especially on the apical
portion where they are somewhat clavate and more (male) or less (fe-
male) acuminate. The eye is rather long, not especially prominent.
The occiput is much (male) or little (female) elevated. The pronotum
has the disk of the prozone strongly convex, that of the metazone more
nearly flat, with its sides rapidly divergent and the posterior margin
strongly rounded. The median carina is quite distinct on the meta-
zone, very faint on the prozone except in front of the anterior sulcus.
It is cut by all three sulci. The lateral carine are entirely obsolete.
The lateral lobes of the pronotum are about as long as high, with the
anterior and posterior margins sub-perpendicular and both lower angles
strongly rounded. ‘The prosternum is furnished with a very low,
rounded process. The lobes of the mesosternum and the metasternum
are transverse in the female, square’in the male. ‘The tegmina are
furnished with a distinct (female) or irregular and incomplete (male)
intercalary vein, and the plicate is soon united with the dividing vein.
The mediastine vein exceeds half the length of the wing in the female,
in the male it is much abbreviated and the scapular area is much ex-
panded, hyaline, and filled with a series of strong curved veins. The
valves of the ovipositor of the female are exerted, the lower furnished
with a large blunt tooth. The posterior femora are slender, equaling
(female) or surpassing (male) the abdomen in length.
Boétettix, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 58.
This genus contains but one known species.
BoOTETTIX ARGENTATUS, Bruner. Figs. 23a, 23b.
Boétettix argentatus, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 59,
pl. i, fig. 4 (female), 5 (male).
Bobtettix argentatus, Townsend, 1892. Can. Ent., XXIV, 198.
Boétettix argentatus, Townsend, 1893. Ins. Life, VI, 30.
Boébtettix argentatus, Scudder, 1893. 23rd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc.
Ont:, 76:
This is an arboreal species, said by Mr. Bruner to be found only on
an evergreen species of Ceanothus. Since reported by Mr. Townsend
to be found on Larrea mexicana. ‘The latter is an evergreen, and as
no evergreen Ceanothus.is given by either Gray or Coulter it is prob-
able that this species is confined to the single food-plant last mentioned.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN® OF NORTH AMERICA. 257
XXIV. LIGUROTETTIX, n. gen. Fig. 24.
Scutellum of the vertex considerably declined, narrower than the
short diameter of the eye, elliptical and sulcate throughout, with the
boundary walls high raised lines which are continued backward to a
point opposite the middle of the eyes. The lateral foveolz are visible
from above, deeply impressed, and trapezoidal in shape. The frontal
costa is not sulcate even at the ocellus. The antennz are short, fili-
form, and slender. The eyes are prominent, and the occiput is much
(male) or somewhat (female) higher than the disk of the pronotum.
The disk of the pronotum is moderately rounded, more decidedly on
the prozone. The median carina is slight but distinct, cut near the
middle by the last transverse sulcus. The lateral carine are wanting,
even on the metazone. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are a little
higher than long, with the anterior and posterior borders both sub-
perpendicular, and both of the lower angles obtuse and rounded. ‘The
prosternum is furnished with a large pyramidal spine. The mesoster-
nal lobes are wider than long in the female; about equally as wide as
long in the male. The metasternal lobes are separated by a narrow
space in the female, united behind in the male. The tegmina exceed
the abdomen in length, the intercalary vein is distinct, and the plicate
is soon united with the dividing vein. The mediastine vein is well
developed in the female, and extends to a point beyond the middle
of the wing. — In this sex also the scapular area is filled with a single
series of oblique cross-veins, but is not hyaline. In the male the me-
diastine vein is very much abbreviated and the scapular area greatly
expanded so that it occupies one-third of the width of the tegmina
and causes the anterior margin of the wing to be much expanded in
the second and third fourths. It is hyaline and filled with a series of
strong, curved, oblique veins forming a very efficient musical organ.
Behind this musical organ the anterior radial vein is greatly thickened.
In both sexes the longitudinal veins are distinct, and the cross veins
are few and weak comparatively. The wings are more than twice as
long as wide, hyaline, with a slight infuscation at the tip, and the veins
black. The hind femora are moderately slender with distinct fuscous
bands on the upper surface. The valves of the ovipositor of the fe-
male are moderately exerted, and the lower pair are furnished with a
strong lateral tooth.
This genus is a curious composite form with affinities with @azpoadt-
ne and Acridine, as well as Truxalne. It is not closely related to
258 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
any other genus of this sub-family with which I am acquainted, but it
is nearest Bodtettix.
PAICUROTETIT< COQUILLETTI, 0. Sp.> Pigs.) 24a, 24b, 24c.
Length, (male)e +. .5,:).14—-10 mime (female). o.250- seen LS. 6 mee
al eG 2p a oe ee PASO MAUS 15 i Baus Bapete ean atecrn a Gin Tania
Ambenin ees Ss 5's. csv ate wets OMIM alsa hes ata oey ate elaiey © @, Gye Dean
Post: Mem ae ek ane) (OTM Aertel oes token a. 0) ae
The scutellum of the vertex is somewhat elliptical in shape, with the
posterior end open and the anterior margin somewhat encroached upon
in some specimens, especially in the female by the lateral foveolz.
These are about as wide as long with the narrow end forward, the two
being separated at the apex by the width of the frontal costa, which is
at this point only a little more than half its width between the anten-
nz where it is very slightly expanded. The antenne are scarcely
equal to the head and pronotum in length. The pronotum has all of
the sulci about equally distinct, and the posterior margin of the disk
is much rounded rather than angulate. The whole surface of the pro-
notum, but more especially the metazone, is finely tuberculate. The
wings are more than twice as long as wide. ‘The posterior femora do
not surpass the abdomen.
In color there seems to be a constant difference between the males
and the females, the former being very obscurely maculate so that the
appearance is nearly uniform dull brown, with the tegmina rather
faintly flecked with somewhat evenly distributed small spots of fus-
cous and the posterior femora plainly banded upon the upper surface.
The female has the head and face, disk of the pronotum, and the pos-
terior femora with the body-color light yellow or reddish brown, mac-
ulate everywhere, except on the posterior femora, more or less dis-
tinctly with numerous thickly scattered small brown or fuscous spots.
The lateral lobes of the pronotum are, in the light colored females,
generally much darkened upon the prozone. ‘The tegmina are dis-
tinctly spotted with thickly scattered and evenly distributed quadrate
fuscous spots. The posterior tibize are dull yellow.
Described from three males and two females which were collected
by Mr. Coquillett (in whose honor the species is named), in Los An-
geles county, California. These specimens now belong to the United
States National Museum.
This species is of peculiar interest in possessing the most highly
developed musical organ known in the family Acrzdide. According
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN/ OF NORTH AMERICA. 259
to Mr. Coquillett its stridulation is as loud and sustained as that of
some of the Crcada.
XXV. STENOBOTHRUS, Fisch. Fig. 25.
«« Vertex triangular, obtuse, * with the foveole, which are visible from
above, narrow, oblong, rhomboidal. Antenne filiform. Frontal cos-
ta convex. Pronotum with the disk almost plain, the median carina
distinct and cut by the principal sulcus only, and the lateral carinz
straight or more or less arcuate or sinuate. The lateral lobes are higher
than long,+ with the lower angles somewhat obtuse. Tegmina fully
developed, rarely abortive, with the mediastine area more or less. ex-
tended, either narrow throughout or widened at the base, and some-
times including an adventitious vein. The scapular area is filled with
oblique transverse veins and in the male is dilated. The radial vein
is composed of three principal branches; there is no intercalary vein.
The ulnar vein is composed of two branches which sometimes unite
again before the middle, the dividing vein is straight, and the plicate
vein is free or united with the dividing. The wings are fully devel-
oped or rarely abortive, not fenestrated, rarely wanting. The posterior
femora are frequently mottled, very rarely distinctly spotted. The
posterior tibia are frequently dull testaceous, rarely red. The sternum
is rather broad, with the mesosternal lobes widely separated and the
metasternal lobes distant. The first abdominal segment is furnished
with a closed tympanum. The anal segment is longitudinally sulcate
with the supra-anal plate of the male obtusely triangular. The sub-
genital plate of the male is recurved with the apex obtuse or acumi-
nate. The valves of the ovipositor are short but exerted, and some-
times furnished with a lateral basal tooth.’’
Stenobothrus, Fisch., 1843. Orth. Europ., 313.
Stenobothrus, Bruner, 1882. Pro. Europ. Orth., 1oo.
Stenobothrus, Bruner, 1893. Rev. Sys. Orth., 122.
Stenobothrus, Morse, 1896. Psyche, VII, 327, fig. 12.
In part, Gomphocerus, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., 193.
Gomphocerus, Bolivar, 1876. Orth. de Esp., 107.
Chorthippus, Fieb.
This large European genus is very meagerly represented in this
country by only four species, though formerly it served the same use-
*In St curtipennzs, Harr., the vertex of the male is acute.
: + In St. curtifennts, Harr., the lateral lobes of the pronotum are about equally high and
ong.
260 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ful purpose in Zruxa/ine that Gidipoda did in.G@dipodine, and was
employed as a convenient appellation for species that did not fall in
. any other genus.
Key To STENOBOTHRUS, Fisch.
A. Tegmina unspotted. Posterior tibiae never red.
B." Median carina of the vertex obsolete. Lateral carine of the pro-
notum divergent from the first sulcus. Posterior margin of the
metazone angulate. Disk much broader at the posterior than at
the anteniormarcins &. 22h 1; wee ee ee T.—Curtipennis, Harr.
B.?, Median carina of the vertex Heltah but distinet. Lateral carinz
of the pronotum divergent from the second sulcus. Posterior
margin of the metazone rounded. Disk not much broader at the
posterior than at the anterior margin... .2.—Coloradensts, n. sp.
A.? ‘Tegmina spotted more or less distinctly. Posterior tibiz red.
B.* Lateral lobes of the pronotum not much narrower at the lower
margin than at the lateral carinee. Median carina of the prono-
tum cut a little in front of the middle. Tegmina about as long as
(female) or longer than (male) the abdomen, distinctly spotted. .
SASS Seat ; . 3. —Brunneus, Thos.
BY ae iene of ae pronotum much narrower at the lower mar-
gin than at the lateral carine. Median carina of the pronotum
cut a little behind the middle. Tegmina about half (male) or less
than half (female) the length of the abdomen. .4.—Sordidus, n. sp.
I. STENOBOTHRUS CURTIPENNIS, Harr.
Locusta curtipennis, Harr., 1835. Cat. Ins. Mass., 56.
IE ATE: CE aaiz®) curtipennis, Harr., 1862. Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg.,
194, plies t.
pots. (Chloéaltis) curtipennis, Rathvon, 1862. Rept. Com. Agr.,
368, fig. 28.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 456.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scud., 1862. Can. Nat., VII, 286.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat.
Hist. 114s:
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., 1V, 754.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, S. 1. Smith, 1872. Rept. Sec. Agr. Conn.,
376.
In part, Stenobothrus curtipennis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N.
Am, , Ou:
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN2 OF NORTH AMERICA. 261
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scud., 1874. Fin. Rept. Geol. Surv. N. H.,
I, 373, fig. 37.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Thos., 1876. Bul. I, Ill. State Lab. Nat.
Hist., 61.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Provancher, 1877. Faune Ent. du Can., 43.
Stenobothrus curtipennts, Lintner, 1885. 2nd Rept. Ins. N. Y., 196.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Fernald, 1887. Orth. N. E., 37.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Davis, 1889. Am. Ent., V, 81.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 65.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, J. B. Smith, 1892. Bul. go, N. J. Agr. Exp.
Stas, 35.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Osborn, 1892. Proc. lowa Acad. Sci. r890—
1891, 4.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scud., 1893. 23rd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc.
Oni, 76, tig. 52:
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14 and 104.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Blatchley, 1894. Can. Ent., XXVI, 222.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Blatchley, 1896. Can Ent., VII,327,fig.12.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Scud., 1862. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 456.
Stenobothrus longipennis, S. 1. Smith, 1868. Proc. Port. Soc. Nat.
Elst} Ay. 348.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Walk., 1870. Cat. Derm. Salt., 754.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 91.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
W. 100 Mer., V, Zool., 872.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Thos., 1876. Bul. T, Il. State Lab. Nat.
Ese. Or:
Stenobothrus longipennis, Provancher, 1877. Faune Ent. du Can., 43.
Stenobothrus longipennis, Morse, 1894. Psyche, VII, 14 and 104.
Not Stenobothrus curtipennis, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept US. Geol.
Surv. Mont., 430.
Not Stenobothrus curtipennis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Not Stenobothrus longipennis, Scud., 1880. 2nd Rept. U.S. Ent.
Conn. App. tl 2
Not Stenobothrus curtipennis, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Hab. The North Atlantic and North Central States and Canada
west to the Red River. The references to this species from the North-
west are, I think, mistaken, and should be made to the closely allied
[Proo, D. A. N.§., Vol. VL.] 33 {January 13, 1897. |
262 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
species, S. coloradensis, n. sp. Mr. Bruner’s thorough report on the
Kansas Orthoptera does not give S. curtipennis as occurring in that
State, so that Iowa seems to be the western limit of the eastern species
and Nebraska (probably north-western) the eastern limit of the west-
ern species.
2. STENOBOTHRUS COLORADENSIS, n. sp. Figs. 25a, 25b.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Thos., 1870. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Surv.
Mont., 430. ,
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scud., 1880. 2nd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com.,
App. If 25.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, Bruner, 1885. Rept. Com. Agr., 307.
Stenobothrus, sp., Uhler, 1877. Bul. U. 5S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
mernr., Laos.
A cenit a PeMnlales) ee eer aiiewe ae eS eee aera ceo econ dS. 0S fo
SE TAMING, cea vavetee sya cede Ie RENE Sab aoe aw a's 1S ote tek! ge eG
PS MUECTAT ee Puan Aes cove etay er ape Metal ae CURE lew Tore Xa UR ea a state vey 2 eee
PEMOLA Winn irae een hice De ate eee cre wats fsiGs ate. see oe D2 Ce
The vertex is narrow, about equal to the short diameter of the eye.
The scutellum has a distinct arcuate sulcus divided by a very plain
carina running close to its anterior margin. The walls of the scutel-
lum consist of a distinct raised line which is curved rather than angu-
late. The lateral foveole are linear. The frontal costa is rounded,
narrow, and punctate above the ocellus, with its sides sub-parallel ;
below it is shallowly sulcate with the sides somewhat rapidly divergent.
The antenne are filiform, flattened, and barely as long as the head and
pronotum. The pronotum has the median carina very distinct, cut
very slightly behind the middle by the principal sulcus. The first
sulcus is about half-way between the anterior margin of the disk and
the principal sulcus. The lateral carinz are gently curved, being most
nearly approximate about the first sulcus. The posterior margin is
rather gently arcuate with the disk at that point very little wider than
the anterior margin. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are a little
higher than long. The tegmina are yellowish-brown, plain, and about
half as long as the abdomen. The posterior femora and tibiz are
reddish-yellow and immaculate except for the black spots at the knee.
The color is olivaceous brown deepening to a reddish brown on the
abdomen, with the top of the head and the disk of the pronotum
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN# OF NORTH AMERICA. 263
lighter and a very much broken blackish stripe behind the eye. The
surface is everywhere shining, but least so on the top of the head and
pronotum.
Very closely related to Stenobothrus curtipennis, but sufficiently dis-
tinct to be easily recognized. When compared with that species, co/ora-
densts has the vertex narrower between the eyes with the median carina
distinct instead of very faint. The antennz of the female are scarcely
as long as the head and pronotum instead of being distinctly longer.
The pronotum is much shorter proportionally and decidedly less ex-
panded posteriorly, the disk being scarcely wider at the posterior mar-
gin than at the anterior margin instead of being 1% times as wide.
_ The lateral carinze are gently instead of strongly curved, and the pos-
terior margin of the disk is rounded instead of angulate. Finally, the
posterior femora are more robust.
Described from a single female received from Prof. C. P. Gillette,
Fort Collins, Colorado. The specimen was labeled ‘‘ Colo. 1936.’’
Hab. The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, south to Utah
and Colorado, and west to the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
3. STENOBOTHRUS BRUNNEUS, Thos.
Stenobothrus brunneus, Thos., 1871. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv.
Wyo., 266.
Stenobothrus brunneus, Thos., 1872. Prelim. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv.
Mont., 430.
Stenobothrus brunneus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 91.
Stenobothrus brunneus, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., IX, 144.
Stenobothrus brunneus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 56.
This is apparently a somewhat uncommon species since it has been
reported in but two or three collections. It is found from Nebraska
to the Sierra Nevada Mountains and south to Colorado. The National
Museum contains specimens labeled Gomphocerus brunneus from Fort
McLeod, Henry county, Idaho; Henry Lake, Idaho, and Fort Mc-
Kinney, Wyoming.
4. STENOBOTHRUS SORDIDUS, n. sp. Fig. 25c.
epeth. (male)... 5. Jes ty Imm. S(female) so... 4.0.24 | TB:
PR TERER NIE al fas oh cians ee oa a TINE Ae eho ws Gi do 5d DOL ee Mn
Sie eam ars hci a eect Stale PPEMILA 0 ee Rs ows cc oy es MRED
DOMRe REM sag. asker O TING, Pariee ti rs <= 04 Sis «<6 5 «RO uae
Most nearly related to S. drwnneus, but it is easily distinguished
264 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
from that species in the short tegmina and the very different pronotum
which has the median carina cut a little behind instead of a little in
front of the middle, and the lateral lobes not higher than wide and
much narrower below than at the lateral carine. ‘This species also
lacks the longitudinal median stripe generally present on the head and
pronotum and tegmina of S. drwnneus, and there is scarcely a trace of
a median carina on the vertex.
Described from numerous specimens in the United States National
Museum which are labeled Gomphocerius shastanus, Scudd.
Hab. Salmon City, Idaho.
XXVI. BRUNNERIA, pn. gen. Fig. 26.
Vertex broad, the distance between the eyes being equal to the width
of one of the tegmina at the base, very nearly horizontal, convex, not at
all sulcate, with the boundary walls in front straight raised lines which
meet in an angle a little greater than go degrees (male). The lateral
foveole are deeply impressed, plainly visible from above, rhomboidal, .
four or more times as long as wide, and with heavy walls which are ap-
proximate at the tip of the vertex. The frontal costa viewed from the
side is generally arcuate and moderately oblique. It is plain throughout
or very slightly hollowed below the ocellus with a single row of distinct
punctures on either side. It is rather abruptly acuminate at the apex,
suddenly and considerably expanded opposite the antennz, decidedly
contracted again at the ocellus, and below rather rapidly expanding.
The antenne are slightly depressed, filiform, and considerably longer
than the head and pronotum combined. ‘The pronotum has the disk
very gently rounded from side to side, a little longer than the top of
the head. ‘The anterior margin of the disk is very slightly angulate,
the posterior margin is straight or very slightly angulate. The median
carina is a moderately heavy raised line, equally distinct throughout,
cut once a little behind the middle by the principal sulcus. The lat-
eral carinze are slight, moderately sinuate, and cut by the principal
sulcus only. The lateral lobes are about as high as long, with the
anterior margin nearly perpendicular and the posterior margin consid-
erably inclined and the posterior lower angle angulate. The tegmina
are abortive and the posterior femora slender.
This genus is closely related to Stenobothrus, but is distinguishable
in having the posterior, margin of the pronotum straight, the lateral
lobes not higher than broad, and the elytra abortive.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN#Z OF NORTH AMERICA. 265
1. BRUNNERIA SHASTANA, Scud. Figs. 26a, 26b.
This species is reported by Mr. Scudder as occurring on Mount
Shasta among the firs. It has not been reported elsewhere. The
United States National Museum contains a male and a female which
seem to be typical specimens. I have examined a male from Mr.
Scudder’s collection.
Gomphocerus shastanus, Scud., 1880. 2nd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com.,
App. II, 25, pl. xvii; fig. 15 (male), 18 (female).
XXVII. GOMPHOCERUS, Thunb. Fig. 27.
Similar to Stenobothrus except that the antenne are furnished with
a short depressed club at the apex, and (according to Brunner) the
tympanum is partially open.
Gomphocerus, Thunb., 1815. Mem. Ac. Petersb., V, 221.
Gomphocerus, Serv., 1839. Hist. Nat., 745.
In part, Gomphocerus, Stal, 1873. Recen. Orth., 93. °
In part, Gomphocerus, Bol., 1876. Syn. Orth. Esp., too and 107.
Gomphocerus, Brunner, 1882. Pro. Eur. Orth., 128.
Gryllus, Acridium, Brunner.
Key to GompHocerus, Thunb.
A.? Size small (male about 14 mm.), anterior tibiz clavate with a dis-
tinct groove on the outer face.............1.—Clavatus, Thos.
A.? Size medium (male about 18 mm.), anterior tibiz only very mod-
erately and regularly expanded Deas in the male. :
oe ere ae Scut!
1. GOMPHOCERUS CLAVATUS, Thos.
Gomphocerus clavatus, Thos., 1873. Syn. Acrid. N. Am., 96.
Gomphocerus clavatus, Bruner, 1877. Can. Ent., a 144.
Gomphocerus clavatus, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 56.
Gomphocerus carpentertt, Thos., 1874. Bul. 2,U.S. Geol. and Geog.
Surv. Terr.
Gomphocerus carpenterit, Thos., 1875. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
W. 100 Mer., V, Zool., 871.
Stenobothrus carpenterit, Thos., 1876. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
I, 253:
I have united these species after much hesitation. The United
States National Museum contains Thomas’ types of both c/ava‘/us and
266 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
carpenterit, in each case a single male. These apparently differ only
in that the tibiz of the latter are much more decidedly clavate. But
this, as well as the gibbosity of the pronotum of the male and the size
of the club of the antenne, is a variable character, as I have ascer-
tained from the examination of many specimens.
Hab. ‘The great plains east of the Rocky Mountains, from Da-
kota to New Mexico, and eastward to Western Kansas and Nebraska.
2. GOMPHOCERUS CLEPSYDRA, Scud. Figs. 27a, 27b.
Gomphocerus clepsydra, Scud., 1876. U.S. Geol. Surv.W. 100 Mer,
Appi, Fo6:
~ Gomphocerus clepsydra, Bruner. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 56.
Gomphocerus clepsydra, Bruner. Rept. Com. Agr., 1885.
This species is, not improbably, a form of the preceding very varia-
ble species, but I have not sufficient material in this species to settle
the point to my satisfaction. The United States National Museum
contains one of Scudder’s types (a male from New Mexico). In the
same collection there is also a type of Scuddcr’s Gomphocerus anten-
naria, which is identical with the species just described. I have not
included G. an¢fennaria in the synonymy of G. clepsydra as I do not
know where it was described, if it has been described at all. My rec-
ollection is that Dr. Scudder has at some time informed me that no
description of it was ever published.
Hab. ‘The great plains east of the Rocky Mountains, from British
America to Northern New Mexico, and as far east as Kansas and Ne-
braska. The species is said by Bruner to be common in the Yellow-
stone Valley.
XXVIII, PNIGODES: n.2en.> Fig. 28.
Head disproportionally large for the pronotum, it as well as the rest
of the body being decidedly wider than the latter at its posterior mar-
gin. It exceeds the pronotum in length by about the length of the
vertex in front of the eye. The scutellum of the vertex is nearly hor-
izontal, deeply excavate and bounded anteriorly with distinct straight
walls which meet at an angle of go degrees (female) or less (male).
The frontal costa is regularly acuminate and sulcate above to the tip
of the vertex, regularly divergent (male) or slightly and abruptly ex-
panded below the ocellus (female). The lateral foveolz, plainly visi-
ble from above, are sub-rhomboidal, very slightly narrowed anteriorly.
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALIN#Z OF NORTH AMERICA. 267
They are twice as long as wide with a heavy boundary wall. The an-
tenne are filiform, little (female) or somewhat (male) exceeding the
combined length of the head and pronotum.
The pronotum have the anterior and posterior margins of the disk
slightly and about equally rounded. The median carina is a moder-
ately high raised line equally distinct throughout and cut by the prin-
cipal sulcus only, decidedly behind the middle. ‘The lateral carinz
are very slight and are clearly outlined with white. ‘They are cut by
all three sulci. The lateral lobes have the posterior margin nearly
vertical, the anterior moderately inclined, and the posterior lower
angle broadly rounded. ‘The valves of the ovipositor of the female
are included.
The posterior femora are strong and marked above as in Psoloéssa
with three triangular dark-brown spots. The posterior tibiae have the
apical spur on the inner side about twice as long as the one beside it.
1. PNIGODES MEGOCEPHALA, Nn. sp. Figs. 28a, 28b.
Length (male)....15 mot...) (female lr eae oes a Des an
RGR yas Mo pale 2 Mana 5 Ce SBANINS We Wish ye Shaders ENS Scepm. ehepet Sta ope ofS UEMAE
AMEN. ess G TMNT Ys sae. sow s Sea ave aoeees 2 OL Gute
Bost semis) o.6.0.) 0 BINS <-> Srcke Ai ier Oege oay teh Ow Stns
Yellowish-brown varying to dark-brown without distinct ‘marks
except the three triangular spots on the upper face of the posterior
femora and the light-colored lateral carinee of the pronotum bordered
below with black and within on the disk of the metazone by a black
triangular spot. In some specimens, however, the top of the head,
the disk of the pronotum, and the anal field of the tegmina are light
yellowish-brown and the black stripe of the pronotum is expanded
backward across the lateral field of the tegmina. The latter have the
longitudinal veins unusually prominent and, except in the variety just
described, they are faintly flecked with numerous small spots of
darker than the ground color. ‘The posterior tibiz are reddish. |
This species seems to be confined to the Pacific Coast. The United
States National Museum contains numerous specimens from Yuba
county and Butte county, California.
XXIX. EREMNUS,n. gen. Fig. 20.
Vertex somewhat declivent, broader than the frontal costa at the
clypeus, sulcate, without a median carina, bounded by straight, sharp
268 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
but slight carinee which meet at the front at an angle greater or less
than a right angle. The lateral foveolz are sub-quadrate, about twice
as long as broad, very distinct and very apparent from above. ‘The
frontal costa is about half as wide at the vertex as at the clypeus,
slightly sulcate with low broad carinz along the sides. Seen from the
side the face is moderately arcuate and moderately oblique. The an-
tenn are filiform, a little (female) or considerably (male) longer than
the head and pronotum. The median carina of the pronotum is quite
distinct and cut once behind the middle by the principal sulcus. The
lateral carinze are very strongly sinuate and the posterior margin of
the metazone is roundly and very obtusely angulate. The lateral
lobes of the pronotum are higher than long with the anterior and the
posterior margins nearly straight and vertical. The mesosternal lobes
are separated by a space several times as wide as long in both sexes.
The metasternal lobes are separated by a space a little longer than
wide in male and female. ‘The tegmina and wings are well developed,
not quite equaling or somewhat longer than the abdomen. The former
have the scapular area transparent and filled with a single series of ob-
lique cross-veins. The discoidal and ulnar areas have each a false
vein with a single row of cells on either side. The posterior femora
have three usually well marked sub-triangular or irregular brown spots
on the upper face. The posterior tibize are red or yellowish with the
spurs on the inner side much elongated and very unequal. The ovi-
positor is very slightly exerted, only the extreme tip being visible.
This genus is North American and so far as known is represented
by two species which are apparently confined to the northern and
western states. All the species seem to be partial to sandy and rather
barren soil.
KEY TO EREMNUS, 0. gen.
A.! ‘Tegmina very obscurely spotted or quite plain. 1.— Deorum, Scud.
A.2, Tegmina usually distinctly and thickly.spotted, never plain......
ES BE Riie’s wie wl Pes Fete ee en eamotee Racal? <== SEU ETE, Sau
1. EREMNUS DEORUM, Scud. Figs. 29a, 29b.
Chrysochraon deorum, Scud., 1876. Bul. Il, U. S. Geol. Surv. in
Col.,.ete., 2032:
Chrysochraon deorum, Bruner, 1883. 3rd Rept. U.S. Ent. Com., 55.
Hab. Garden of the Gods, Colo. (Scudder). The National Mu-
seum contains several specimens, one of them immature, which were
McNEILL—REVISION OF THE TRUXALINZ OF NORTH AMERICA. 269
collected in the same locality. It does not seem to have been reported
elsewhere unless it proves to be identical with the following species
which is, I think, very probable. I have, however, too few specimens
of this species to determine the matter positively.
2. EEREMNUS SCUDDERI, Bruner.
Aulocara scudderi, Bruner, 1889. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 63.
Aulocara scudderit, Townsend, 1893. Ins. Life, VI, 30.
Aulocara scudderi, Blatchley, 1894. Can. Ent., XXVI, 217.
Philobostroma parva, McNeill, 1891. Psyche, VI, 64.
As noted above, this species is likely to prove a synonym of £. de
orum. One variety of this species has the vertex usually broad be-
tween the eyes with the anterior margins bounded by carine which
meet at an angle much greater than a right angle even in the male.
Ordinarily a structural difference of this character would indicate spe-
cific distinctness, but as this species seems to exhibit considerable vari-
ations in this respect, I think it not advisable to name it. I have
received this variety from Prof. G. P. Gillette under the name of Aw-
locara scudderi, Bruner, and the form with the narrower vertex under
the name Doctostaurus coloradensis. Both forms being named by
comparison with specimens determined by Mr. Bruner.
Hab. Montana to Illinois, extending northward into British
America and southward to New Mexico. It is said by Mr. Bruner to
be a very common species west of the Mississippi. It is probably
very rare eastward. I have found it in a few localities near Moline,
Ill., where it seems to be confined to a few sandy hilltops along the
Mississippi river.
XxX. STIRAPLEURA, Scud. Figs. 30a, 30b, 30c.
Vertex narrow, not exceeding half the short diameter of the eye,
horizontal or slightly declivent, deeply sulcate with high lateral walls
which meet at an acute angle in front and form a sub ellipse or a sub-
hexagon open behind where there is always some trace of a median
carina. The lateral foveole are rhomboidal once or twice as long as
broad. The frontal costa is acuminate above, regularly divergent down-
ward and sulcate throughout. Viewed from the side, the face is slightly
convex and nearly perpendicular or moderately oblique. The antennz
are filiform short, scarcely exceeding the head and pronotum in length
(Proo D. A. N.S8., Vol. VI.] 34 [January 22, 1897.)
270 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
even in the male. The disk of the pronotum is flat with all the ca-
rinz distinct, the median being cut by the principal sulcus only in
front of the middle. The lateral carinze are very strongly sinuate in
front of the middle. The posterior margin of the metazone is strongly
angulate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are higher than wide
with the anterior and posterior margins nearly straight and vertical.
A single or double series of somewhat irregular and broken carinz
extends more or less distinctly from the middle of the anterior border
to or toward the upper posterior angle. The carinze occupy the mid-
dle of a light stripe which is usually distinct and never entirely want-
ing. Pantry:
Dr. Parry also proposed an amendment to the constitution making
provision for associate membership, which proposal was referred to
the Trustees for consideration.
Prof. Pratt then read an interesting paper on ‘‘Electricity,’’ the
subject being continued for discussion at the next regular meeting.
february 22, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; seven members present.
The Curator reported the addition to the museum of a collection of
fossil plants from Mr.. Sternberg of Lawrence, Kansas, comprising
twenty species of deciduous leaves, rare and very valuable.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 281
A paper was read from Prof. E. L. Berthoud uf the School of Mines,
Colorado, on ‘‘The Rediscovery of an Ancient Turquoise Mine in
Arizona.”’
March 18, 1889.— Trustees’ MEETING.
‘\ President McCowen in the chair; eight members present.
_ The meeting was called to receive the report of the committee ap-
pointed January 21 to devise plans for the. furtherance of scientific
work in the Academy. ‘The report of the committee recommended —
(1.) The utilization of the material of the museum, by means of
illustrative collections from its shelves, for the instruction of -students
from the public schools and others in the various branches of science;
and —
(2.) Increasing the usefulness of the Library by the preparation
and publication of a catalogue or list of its contents.
The first recommendation had already, since the appointment of: the
committee, been put into successful operation: by the Curator without
waiting for. the assured approval of the trustees. ~By .arrangement
with the Superintendent and principals of the public schools, twelve
classes, comprising all of the eighth and ninth grades —432 pupils .in
all-—had during the past three weeks spent each the last school hour
of .one, afternoon at the Academy, deeply interested in the study of
comparative anatomy, as shown in ‘‘The. Teeth’’ of various animals
in the Museum. .The High School classes would follow soon, and the
next subject taken.up would probably be ‘‘The Mound Builders and
Their Works.’’ The report was received and the Curator’s work was
approved. *
After much discussion it was decided to discontinue the work -of
thunderstorm observations, notifying observers to that effect by. circu-
lar letter, and leaving to the United States. Signal Service, which has
just. established a special system of observations in Iowa, the publica-
tion of data obtained.
March 29, 1889.—ReEGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; six members present.
The reception, by exchange from Prof: O. W. Collett of St. Louis,
of some flint implements from the Osage region was reported.
Prof. W. H. Pratt read an interesting paper on ‘*A New Process of
*A detailed statement, by Prof. Pratt, of his work in this direction, will be found in the
minutes of June 13, 1890.*
282 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Iron Manufacture,’’ a process which promises to revolutionize present
methods.
April 5, 1889.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; ten members present.
The Treasurer reported a balance of $45.61 in the general fund,
with no indebtedness outstanding; also $1,200 in the endowment
fund, invested in real estate.
A request by letter from Prof. Frederick Starr that the Academy use
its influence to induce Congress to publish his ‘‘ Thunderstorm Re-
port’’ was not complied with, as the Senate was about to adjourn, and
the Government had undertaken similar observations.
April 26, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; eight members present.
The Corresponding Secretary reported a very gratifying reception
accorded to Vol. V. of the PROCEEDINGS by scientific bodies at home
and abroad.
The Librarian reported the receipt of several valuable bound vol-
umes, including the three large illustrated quartos constituting the
‘‘Report of the U. S. Fish Commissioner,’’
light the disciples of Izaak Walton.
The Curator reported, among other additions to the Museum, a cu-
rious, thread-like creature, 17 inches long by 14, inch in greatest diam-
eter, found by a workman while sodding the dooryard of Mr. J. H.
Harrison. It is different in important particulars from the Gorda or
hair-snake, and is undescribed.
A letter was read from Mr. Edward Lovett of Brandon, England,
desiring some Indian relics, and offering in exchange a set of speci-
volumes which must de-
mens showing the manufacture of gun-flints, from the quarries at that
place; also a letter from Prof. S. Calvin of the Iowa State University,
on the ‘‘ Formation of Sand.”’
Prof. B. Shimek of lowa City was elected a corresponding member.
May 31, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; seven members present.
Only routine business transacted.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 18 Sig
June 17, 1889.— CALLED MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair; nine members present.
The meeting was called to consider the best course to pursue during
the expected absence from the city, for the summer, of the Curator,
Treasurer, and Corresponding Secretary. It was arranged that the
Museum should be kept open to visitors as usual, the President being
empowered to provide an attendant; the treasurer’s books and the
cabinet keys being left in the hands of the Librarian, C. E. Harrison.
August 30, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; eleven members present.
The name of Thomas H. Jappe was at his request dropped from the
roll of members, he declining to pay arrearages of dues.
Dr. C. C. Parry presented a paper on ‘‘ Ceanothus L. Recent Field
Notes, with a Partial Revision of Species.’’
J. H. Harrison, W. H. Pratt, and Dr. Jennie McCowen were ap-.
pointed a committee to investigate the feasibility of obtaining a reduc-
tion of postage on scientific matter connected with the Academy.
September 20, 1889.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; ten members present.
The publication fund being indebted to the chairman of the publi-
cation committee, Mrs. Putnam, to the amount of ¢250—this sum
being the excess of expenditure above receipts on Volume V. of the
PROCEEDINGS to date —it was voted to repay the amount advanced,
transferring the indebtedness to the general fund.
On motion the finance committee (H. C. Fulton, E. P. Lynch, and
W. C. Putnam) were authorized to negotiate with Mrs. Patience V.
Newcomb as to completing the purchase of, or reconveying to her, the
four-foot strip of land adjoining the Academy lot on the north, they
being given power to act.
September 27, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; twelve members and several visi-
tors present.
The Curator announced the receipt from Mr. Velie of a crocodile
and seyeral birds, all mounted.
284 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
The publication committee reported 180 pages of Vol. V. printed.
Messrs. W. H. Bronsonand M. Wheeler were elected regular members.
It was announced that classes from the public schools would be
received the coming week.
Prof. Pratt then took up the subject of ‘‘ Gravitation,’’ presenting
some original views which gave rise to an animated discussion. ‘The
subject was illustrated by beautifully executed diagrams and figures on
the blackboard.
October 25, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; seven members and many visitors
present.
An interesting lecture on ‘‘ Coal Plants’’ was given by Curator
Pratt.
November 29, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
E. S. Ballord, chairman fro ¢em.; seven members present.
Prof. P. C. Wolcott of Griswold College, and O. J. Gwynn, Assist-
ant Signal Service Observer, were elected to regular membership.
Capt. W. P. Hall addressed the Academy on ‘‘ The Markings of
Ancient Pottery.’’
December 27, 1889.— REGULAR MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; seven members present.
Messrs. E. P. Lynch, C. E. Harrison, and W. H. Pratt were ap-
pointed a nominating committee for the coming election of officers.
January 3, 7890.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; eight members present
The treasurer reported receipts during the past year, $889.42 ;
expenditures, $848.64.
January 14, 1890.— ANNUAL MEETING.
President McCowen in the chair ; ten members present.
Reports of officers were presented, as follows :
RECORDING SECRETARY’S REPORT.
Beside the annual meeting there have been held during the year
ro regular meetings, with an average attendance of 8; 1 special meet-
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 285
ing, with an attendance of 9; 5 Trustees’ meetings, with an average
attendance of 9.
The following named societies have also held their meetings at the
Academy rooms: The Agassiz Association, two chapters; the Scott
County Medical Society ; the Union Horticultural Society ; and the
Philomathian Debating Society.
Papers have been read before the Academy by Prof. W. H. Pratt
on ‘‘Electricity,’’ ‘‘Gravitation,’’ and ‘‘ A New Process of Iron Man-
ufacture ;’’ by Capt. W. P. Hall on ‘‘ Markings of Ancient Pottery ;’’
by Dr. C.C. Parry on ‘‘ Ceanothus,’’ or Jersey tea, and by Prof. E.
L. Berthoud on ‘‘An Ancient Turquoise Mine in Arizona.’’ Prof.
Pratt delivered a lecture on ‘‘Coal Plants,’’ and Mr. Thomas Brockett
conducted a conversazione on ‘‘Spanish Antiquities.’’
The Academy has lost one regular member by death, and gained
five regular members and one corresponding member by election during
the year. The regular membership at present numbers 94.
There have been about 550 paying visitors to the Museum and as
many more on business or by invitation.
January 14, 1890. HeGe FCOTE-SHELDON, Sec.
LIBRARIAN’S REPORT.
The growth of the Academy Library for the year 188g just closed,
when compared with other years in our history, is gratifying indeed,
the total additions being 3,019, or nearly 1,000 more than in the preced-
ing year. These publications comprise the transactions of most of
the scientific and historical societies of the world, as well as many
Government and state publications. The contributions to science of
many of the brightest minds of the day relating to scientific research
and thought are rapidly accumulating, and building up in our midst a
vast storehouse of literary treasures.
The additions to the Library were:
Breuinival: e@llvinnVe Os moe caus oerinr Dea Eh ORAM pact nise iG Drcmen macnwoe 115
(apeund volumes and pamphlets: fs... esses scene oe tec euen eos 2,472
MSCS IME MUST GN tse TaN AT etdy. Sorte shoe kel Pause el tec Marers ahd een aMoreroms 431
The Library now contains —
LBQWUAAVGl, Tate) Kin TER eis Siein Were een PEO ceeeckae EAS Bie bya SOMA ROM beta a OG ce 1,890
Limnos wolimesiand pamphlets... bimd sais), an. We ces oy tnscdeae gs leet taleten cones 4.00
Gleamine vA GAME May Moe. Oe Nive as See cota eee hiewn seenel oe 56.66
NNIAE ST cay cimbeuvayctale Wwe Mice braw de nae leet ts SEs SRE Cie ote 12.00
Balance on hamden s on oe pate le ole eee oe rE IL aL ee
$667 06
Respectfully submitted,
January 4, 1893. FRANK NADLER, Zreasurer.
PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Dr W. L. ALLEN, January 4, 1893.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
The year 1892 has passed, marked with but few events of import-
ance in the history of the Academy.
The Curator’s report shows that the Museum has received the usual
number of additions, with, however, a falling off in the number of
mound builders’ relics. We ought to enlarge our natural history col-
lection so as to have at least one specimen of every bird and animal
to be found in Iowa.
The Librarian’s report shows a continued and most wonderful
growth of our Library, 1,430 books and pamphlets having been
received during the year, some of them of very great value. Our
Library now numbers 27,500 books and pamphlets, and although it is
of the greatest value we have not adequate room for its proper pres-
ervation.
The report of the Recording Secretary shows that our meetings have
been few and but poorly attended, and that our membership has con-
sequently not increased. Early in the year our worthy President, Mr.
James Thompson, was taken from us, and at about the same time
occurred the death of Mr. Nicholas Kuhnen and of Mr. and Mrs. J.
Monroe Parker.
I recommend that we devote the meetings in March, June, Septem-
ber, and December to certain subjects, and that we procure papers or
lectures for those quarterly meetings. The intermediate meetings can
be devoted to the routine business which interests but few of our
members.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 317
The publication committee reports that a part of Volume VI. is in
the printer’s hands, while Volume V. is still waiting for its index, and
is otherwise ready for binding.
The Treasurer’s report for the past year shows our receipts to have
been equal to our expenditures, and that we still have a debt of about
$400. During the year the Academy has received notice of four
bequests, namely: $1,000 from Mr. J. Monroe Parke:, $1,000 from
Mr. Nicholas Kuhnen, $1,000 from Mrs. J. Monroe Parker, and
$1,000 from Mr. E. Newbold. With an additional endowment of ¢10,-
ooo the Academy would have an ample income for its maintenance
without rendering it necessary that a few of its enthusiastic members
devote a large amount of their time annually to the unpleasant and
thankless task of circulating a subscription paper. With the endow-
ment safely secured we should not then find it a difficult matter to
enlarge our building so as to exhibit to best advantage our unequaled
collections of mound builders’ relics.- In our basement are hundreds
of valuable specimens of the pottery and implements, and many boxes
and barrels containing the bones of that extinct race.
Through the indefatigable efforts of Mrs. Putnam the Academy can
at last boast of a thorough house-cleaning and renovation.
On December 14, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization
of the institution, the ladies of the Academy gave a very delightful
concert, followed by an informal reception, which was enjoyed by a
number of our friends and members.
This is not the time to deliver an address on the subject of mound
builders, but I cannot be too emphatic in stating that a natural pride
in our city and its reputation should impel every citizen to familiarize
himself with, and then show his children, the ‘‘ Davenport inscribed
tablets’’ and the ‘‘ Davenport elephant pipes.’’ The earliest mention
of mounds made on our records was in 1873, when Mr. George H.
French stated that there were interesting mounds near Albany, Illinois.
Shortly after that the members of the Academy began making their
first explorations of mounds, which they continued all over Illinois
and Iowa. Captain Hall explored many, and sent the Academy
hundreds of the most valuable specimens from Arkansas and Missouri
and other Southern States. Copper and stone axes, pipes, beads,
arrow and spear-heads; pottery in great variety, and bones in differ-
ent conditions of preservation—these were the usual relics found,
until in 1877-1880 the inscribed tablets and the elephant pipes came
to light. Some scientific men hold that when Columbus discovered
America he found a country without a history. No Pompeii had
existed here, no Athens, no Troy, only wandering tribes of In-
dians, a people pictured in school histories as roving from place to
place, living by hunting and fishing. These Indians built no perma-
nent abodes, none such were discovered, nor were they known to possess
the art of writing or a mechanical turn of mind. A camping band of
hunters, the men fished, smoked, and followed the chase, the women
did the work. Such we have seen them here in Iowa, such have they
[Proo. D. A. N.8., Vol. VI.] 40 {February 8, 1897.]
318 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ever been reported. On the other hand, the mound builders were a
domestic people; they built cities and fortifications in which to defend
themselves against a warlike enemy; they made brick, smelted copper,
wove cloth, and moulded pottery. They were driven south into Mex-
ico some 1,500 years ago; how long before that they lived here it is
hard to tell. Trees have been found growing on top of their mounds
which indicated an age of more than 800 years; and the Davenport
elephant pipe and the picture of an elephant or mastodon on one of
the tablets show accurately that these mound builders. knew of such
beasts. In 1877 Dr. Farquharson wrote of these tablets: ‘‘ You need
scarcely be told that the recent discovery of engraved tablets of stone
in one of the mounds of this vicinity is one of great, even transcend-
ent importance, not only to scientific persons but to the world at
large.’’ And again he writes, speaking of one of our tablets: ‘‘ The
last link in the chain of evidence of the coeval life of man and the
mastodon on this continent bears the date of 1877, and is to be found
on the face of the hunting-scene tablet now before you.’’ In Wiscon-
sin the mound built in the form of an elephant, 135 feet long and 66
feet high, is another link. The elephant pipes are still another link.
The last ten years have seen a wonderful interest developed in the
mound builders question. Not only state and federal archzeologists
have been actively at work, but local scientific institutions and many
eminent archeologists on their own account. Hundreds of ancient
mounds have been explored in all parts of the United States; a few
inscribed tablets, beside the ones we own, have been discovered, but
no carving of the elephant other than the two we possess. Prof. J. T.
McLean, in his work on the mound builders, says: ‘‘In all the
mound builders’ relics from the valley of the Ohio no trace of the ele-
phant family has been found. The remains of the mastodon have been
found in the gravel and other deposits. These animals must have
ceased to exist in the United States long before the mound builders
began to flourish. Still the mastodon must have existed somewhere.
The mound of Wisconsin is no ideal structure. If the report of the
Davenport Academy of Sciences is to be accepted, then this effigy is
not an isolated case. It states that a member of the association has
found a carved pipe in the form of an elephant. This, however, is not
incredible, on account of the discovery of the Wisconsin mound. It is
evident that in order to have delineated the form of this animal it must
have been seen. If, however, the builders of the mound saw the mas-
todon in the valley of the Ohio or Mississippi, then the mound build-
ers must be assigned an antiquity which other evidences would not
warrant.”’
We possess probably the finest collection of relics of this ancient
people in existence, and I believe that these insignificant elephant
pipes and unintelligible tablets will some day be appreciated as of more
value than any ‘‘curiosity’’? of any kind or nature in this country.
Future discoveries will probably disclose the fact that these people
lived in these valleys several thousand years ago. Should we not en-
D ged &
45
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 319
deavor to preserve some of these ancient mounds which should have
such deep interest for every American? ‘The ruins of Fort Ancient in
Ohio, which is probably the largest yet discovered, being over three
miles in length, will fortunately be preserved, the site having been
bought by the state.
The work that this Academy has done is marvelous, and I can only
urge upon you to continue that work. There is nothing so important
to us as a systematic exploration of mounds and graves, and if possible
we should carry the work into Missouri and Arkansas. This Academy
is known from London to Tokio, from St. Petersburg to Cape Town,
and amongst thousands of scientific men all over Europe and America.
For example, we correspond or exchange reports of proceedings with
historical or scientific societies located as follows: Eleven in Algiers,
Cape Town, Cairo and other places in Africa ; 16 in South America ;
15 in Shanghai, Bombay, Calcutta, Tokio and other cities in Asia;
in Australia, 10; Austro-Hungary, 25; Belgium, 20; Denmark, 4;
France, 112; Germany, 108; England, 65; Ireland, 8; Scotland,
16; Wales, 1; Greece, 1; Iceland, 2; Italy, 28; Netherlands, 10;
Norway, 11; Portugal, 4; Russia, 17; Spain, 6; Sweden, 6; Switz-
erland, 16; Turkey, 1; Guatemala, 1; San Salvador, 1; Mexico, 5 ;
Havana, 3; Trinidad, 2; Peru, 2; Jamaica, 1; and in the United
States and Canada, 130. Davenport, as a city, is known in but a few
states. Explain this clearly to our fellow citizens, who have always
the greatest pride in our city’s name and reputation for wealth and
learning ; inform and satisfy them that our collections are of world-
wide reputation and importance, and not a lot of old rubbish buried
with the braves of the retreating Sioux and Fox Indians — do this and
the -money needed to continue our work will be quickly forthcoming.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS — 1893.
President — Dr. W. L. ALLEN.
Vice-President— EDWarD S. HAMMaTT.
Recording Secretary —A. W. ELMER.
Corresponding Secretary — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Curator — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Treasurer — FRANK NADLER.
Librarian— C. E. Harrison.
Trustees for Three Years —W. H. Barris, Gro. P. MCCLELLAND,
A. M. Jupy,; and W. C. Putnam.
Trustee to fill vacancy (made by electing Dr. Allen to the Presi-
dency) —B. F. Titiincuast.
G. K. Hoover read a letter from Prof. Clement L. Wweneee of
Charles City, Iowa, proposing to deliver a lecture for the benefit of
the Academy at an early date, the Academy to defray his expenses.
320 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
The offer was accepted and the matter referred to the entertainment
committee to arrange date and details.
The President announced the appointment of standing committees
for the year as follows :
Finance—W. C. Putnam, C. A. Ficke, H. M. Henley.
Publication —Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam, Dr. Jennie McCowen, Prof.
S. Calvin} Prof..W. H: Barris; Dr.C. HL. Preston, Prof). B) Young:
Museum—W. HH. Pratt, Archeology; Miss S. G. Foote-Sheldon,
Conchology; Prof. W. H. Hatch, Ichthiology; Miss J. Sanders,
Entomology; Prof. W. H. Barris, Geology and Paleontology; Frank
Nadler, Mineralogy; Dr. A. W. Elmer, Natural History; J. J. Nagel,
Botany ; James M. De Armond, Historical Collections.
Library — Charles E. Harrison, Louis Block, Rev. A. M. Judy.
January 27, 1893.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair; six members present.
A letter from Mr. W. C. Wyman was read, requesting that a collec-
tion of mound builders’ relics be sent by the Academy for exhibition
at the World’s Fair at Chicago; also a request from Mr. Henry Stearns
for the Academy publications for the Fair. The Secretary was in-
structed to learn particulars as to the latter request, but as to the for-
mer it was decided, after some discussion, not to risk the loss of valua-
ble relics in transit.
Mr. C. E. Harrison was appointed to correspond with parties at
Toolsboro, Iowa, and Corinth, Kentucky, in regard to obtaining per-
mission for the Academy to open certain promising mounds near those
places.
February 10, 1893.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
(Held at the Business Men’s Rooms, Masonic Temple).
President Allen in the chair; eight members present.
The meeting was called to introduce Mr. Becket, who wished to
present the entertainment, ‘‘ Bex Hur,’’ in this city, under the aus-
pices and for the benefit of the Academy of Sciences. After a full
explanation of the proposal and some discussion thereon the matter
was referred for decision to a committee composed of President Allen,
C.-E= Harrison, Mrs. MM: LoD. Putnampand! Dra] W. Kilmer
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 321
february 24, 1893.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair.
The President reported that the Trustees had agreed with the ‘‘Ben
Hur’’ company for an exhibition, to be given April 12 to 15 inclusive.
April 28, 1893.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair ; four members present.
The lecture by Prof. Webster which had been arranged for the March
meeting, not having been delivered at that time, was indefinitely post-
poned.
The Curator reported the receipt of a box of specimens from Dr. S.
C. Bowman of Bennett, Iowa, including a Virginia rail, a jack-rabbit,
and a small specimen of mephita mephitica. _
A letter from Prof. F. Starr was read proposing a continuation of
his work on ‘‘ Iowa Antiquities’? by adding to the ‘‘ Bibliography,’’
already published by the Academy, a ‘‘Summary’’ of what has been
written on the subject, and enlisting, so far as possible, by circulars of
instruction, etc., the co-operation of new explorers throughout the
State. He asked of the Academy only the expense of publication
and aid in distributing circulars, and it was decided to authorize him
to proceed.
A paper on ‘‘ Historical Criticism and an Ancient Gem Mine,’’
sent by Prof. E. L. Berthoud of Golden, Colorado, was read and
referred to the publication committee.
Mr. George T. Baker was elected to regular membership.
The President reported that the ‘‘ Bex Aur’’ entertainment had
netted the Academy about $375.
The following resolutions, presented by Mr. C. E. Harrison, were
unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy are hereby extended to our
friends who so ably and cheerfully assisted in presenting the pantomime,
“ Ben Hur,” on April 12, 13, 14, and 15, tor the benefit of the Academy.
Resolved, That a complimentary pass tothe Museum for the current year
be issued to each of the performers and chaperones.
July 28, 71893.— REGULAR MEETING.
The chairman of the publication committee stated that the first half
of the index to the first five volumes of the Academy PROCEEDINGS
was now printed, and that Prof. McGee donates to the Academy his
322 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
many months of labor in preparing the same, for which the society had
expected to be at an expense of several hundred dollars. A unani-
mous vote of thanks was tendered the professor. The thanks of the
Academy were also extended to Mrs. C. C. Parry for the engraved
portrait of Dr. Parry, donated for the PROCEEDINGS.
August 25, 1893.—CALLED MEETING.
President Allen in the chair ; six members present.
Mrs. Putnam for the publication committee reported the distribution
of 750 copies of the last volume of the PROCEEDINGS to American
correspondents, the foreign copies being ready for shipment. She
also reported as delegate to the A. A. A. S. at its late meeting at
Madison, Wisconsin.
A motion by Dr. A. W. Elmer to reconsider the action taken as to
sending a collection of relics to the World’s Fair was lost.
September 18, 1893.—SPECIAL MEETING OF TRUSTEES.
The meeting was called to consider the advisability of buying the
lot adjoining the Academy lot on the north, consisting of 45 feet
fronting on Brady street, and offered at $25 per front foot. It was
voted to make the purchase if approved by vote of the Academy.
Mr. W. C. Putnam of the finance committee stated that he had
effected a settlement with the Kuhnen estate on the understanding
that Mr. Kuhnen’s bequest of $1,000 be paid and his subscription of
$25 a year be remitted. On motion, this agreement was approved.
A biographical sketch of the late Dr. C. C. Parry, prepared by Dr.
C. H. Preston, was read by title and referred to the publication com-
mittee.
September 22, 1893.— CALLED MEETING.
Held at Harrison’s pharmacy; nine members present.
The following resolution was presented and adopted :
Resolved, That the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences accept the
proposition of the executors of the estate of Mrs. Patience Newcomb, de-
ceased, for the purchase of the lot adjoining the present lot of the Academy
on the north, and consisting of forty-five (45) feet, more or less, facing on
Brady street, for the consideration of twenty-five ($25) dollars per front foot,
and that the trustees or officers of the Academy be authorized to pledge or
mortgage the property or securities of the Academy, so far as may be nec-
essary for that purpose, and to execute all necessary papers.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 323
December 7, 1893.— CALLED MEETING.
President Allen in the chair; nine members present.
The meeting was called in memory of Prof. W. H. Pratt, and of
Prof. John Tyndall, the former one of the founders and the latter an
honorary member of the Academy.
A large framed portrait of Prof. Pratt was set up on the President’s
table, vividly recalling the features so familiar and endeared to the
members and friends of the organization for which he labored so assid-
uously and so long. A number of short addresses were made by those
present, all breathing the same spirit of warm appreciation of Prof.
Pratt’s self-denying labors in behalf of the Academy.
Mrs. Putnam read extracts from a number of letters received from
him since his removal from the city, showing his love for and continued
interest in the institution, and his desire for its welfare. The following
resolutions were unanimously adopted :
WHEREAS, W. H. Pratt, one of the founders and a lifelong member of
this Academy, has been called to rest from his earthly labors ;
Resolved, That in his death we recognize the loss of a worker than whom
the Academy has known none more disinterested and devoted ; of a friend
than whom it has had none more steadfast and true ; of a man, the influence
of whose life, spent in the love of and search for truth, will never cease from
bearing good fruit.
Resolved, That we hereby testify our appreciation of his worth ane our
sorrow for the loss of one who honored this Association by long service in
its most honorable offices.
Resolved, That we tender our heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved family,
to whom, and to the papers of Davenport and Minneapolis, the Secretary is
instructed to transmit copies of these resolutions. W. H. BARRIS,
C. E. HARRISON.
C. H. PRESTON,
Commtttee.
Mrs. Putnam was requested to prepare a biographical sketch of Prof.
Pratt for publication in the PROCEEDINGS.
The committee appointed to prepare resolutions on the death of
Prof. Tyndall reported the following, which were on motion adopted :
WHEREAS, It is fitting that an institution devoted to the advancement of
science should honor the memory of those who have been eminent in pro-
moting scientific research: and —
WHEREAS, In the death of Prof. John Tyndall the scientific world has
lost a worker distinguished among original investigators, and a lecturer on
scientific subjects of high reputation and of great usefulness, therefore —
Resolved, That the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences unites with
324 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
other scientific associations in offering a sincere tribute of respect to his
memory.
Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records of the Acad-
emy, and that copies of the same be sent to the city press.
JENNIE MCCOWEN,
C. E. HARRISON,
Commtttee.
December 29, 1893.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair: six members present.
The addition to the museum of a number of stone axes and flint
arrow-heads, collected by Capt. W. P. Hall, was reported, the Captain
himself being present.
A nominating committee for the approaching election of officers
was appointed.
The resignation of Mr. B. F. Tillinghast, as trustee, was presented
and accepted.
anuary 37, 1894.— ANNUAL MEETING.
BA COD
President Allen in the chair; ten members present.
RECORDING SECRETARY’S REPORT.
The Recording Secretary begs leave to report as follows :
In addition to the annual meeting January 4, and a memorial meet-
ing December 7, there have been held during the year seven regular
and two trustees’ meetings with an average attendance of seven.
An entertainment, the ‘‘ ex Hur’’ pantomime, was given April 12
to 15.
The regular membership, increased by the election of one, is now
sixty-eight.
We have lost by death one life member, W. H. Pratt, and two
honorary members, J. H. Murphy and E. H. Pendleton.
The number of visitors to the museum was 540. Respectfully sub-
mitted. A. W. ELMER, Recording Secretary.
LIBRARIAN’S REPORT.
MR. PRESIDENT :
The Librarian has the honor to report for the Academy year just
closed, additions to the library by exchange and contributions, vol-
umes and parts of volumes to the number of 1,305, about one-third
of this number being from foreign societies.
In my report as Librarian, one year ago, I urged the necessity of
properly binding many hundreds of valuable books and pamphlets now
pear iy
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 325
on our shelves. I regret to say that, as yet, nothing has been done in
that direction. I trust the Academy may find it possible to make an
appropriation for this work in the near future. Until such time as the
Academy can procure some one to give his eutire time to library work,
I fear but little progress will be made on the index already begun ;
owing to press of other work I have been unable to accomplish any-
thing in that direction during the year.
January 3, 1894. C. E. Harrison, Librarian.
REPORT OF THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
In the first presidential address, read before the Academy in 1869,
Dr. C. C. Parry recommended the publication of the proceedings. In
every succeeding president’s address, especially since the issue of Vol-
ume I., in 1876, the sentiment has prevailed that the most important
work of the Academy, after original investigations and the writing of
papers, was publishing them for the benefit of other scientific societies.
Volume I. was an unexpected success, and since then the interest in
the publication has never flagged, although circumstances at times have
almost suspended active work. From that time —the Centennial
year—to this—the Columbian year—five volumes have been published,
recording a most interesting story of struggles and triumphs over dif-
ficulties, of an enterprise wholly dependent upon the unselfish devo-
tion of a few; supported by subscriptions to volumes, by entertain-
ments and donations. The Publication Committee has seldom had a
printer’s bill presented without funds provided for paying it.
The most important event in the history of the publication this year
is the completion and distribution of Volume V. This labor of dis-
tribution, no light task, was performed by Dr. W. H. Barris, occupy-
ing a month of arduous work.
Volume V. contains 370 pages, forty-seven wood cuts and illustra-
tions and a portrait of the late Professor D. S. Sheldon ; also an index
of the entire publication — Volumes I.—V., prepared by J. W. Mc-
Gee, chief of the United States Ethnological Department, Washington,
Dee.
This work of Prof. McGee was a gratuitous donation to the Acad-
emy. The clerical work alone, which he has done, is worth $350.00,
which is his donation to the enterprise. The index covers eighty-
nine pages and is complete in all its details, gotten up on methods
original with Prof. McGee, and much commended by all who have
examined it.
Volume V. has been distributed to all scientific societies, both home
and foreign, the latter through the courtesy of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, which kindly attends to sending the ACADEMy PROCEEDINGS, if
properly addressed, to various foreign societies.
We have already received many acknowledgements from all over the
[PRoo. D. A. N.8., Vol. VI.] 41 [February 9, 1897.)
326 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
world, showing the promptness with which the Smithsonian has dis-
tributed the books.
The binding of two hundred copies of Volume V. in cloth has been
delayed to secure an appropriate design for the die on the cover.
As Volume V. closes the first series of the ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS
and contains a number of Dr. Parry’s original papers, among them his
last one, it seems proper that a flower discovered by and named for him
should be represented on the outside cover. So far we have not been
able to determine the proper flower.
Another work of your committee is the publication of fifty-two
pages of Volume VI., comprising a ‘‘ Bibliography of Iowa Antiqui-
ties,’’ by Prof. Frederick Starr, Ph.D.; ‘‘ Buddhism in America,’’ by
Edward L. Berthoud, and ‘‘ Ancient Grooved Rocks in Arkansas,’’
by W. A. Chapman (illustrated).
Beside these a very interesting and carefully prepared ‘‘ Biograph-
ical Sketch of the Late Charles C. Parry’’ has been written by Dr. C.
H. Preston, supplemented by a list of the papers published by Dr.
Parry, prepared by his wife.
Mrs. Parry has presented two thousand copies of a fine steel plate
portrait of Dr. Parry to accompany Volume VI.
Prof. Starr has stated his willingness to prepare a summary of all
the matter that has been written on Iowa archeology, if he can have
the assurance that the Academy will publish it. Your committee
would recommend the assumption of this important work.
It is with grateful remembrance that the chairman of your commit-
tee would speak of the zeal and untiring labor of Prof. W. H. Pratt,
whose death occurred in Minneapolis on Dec. 4, 1893. He wasa
member of the first publication committee, and from the inception of
the movement threw his enthusiasm into it with an appreciation of its
importance contagious to his co-laborers. Ready alike with pencil and
pen, the first volumes of the PROCEEDINGS teem with his illustrations
and descriptions of mounds and other papers.
The first publication committee consisted of W. H. Pratt, J. D.
Putnam, C. H. Preston, R. J. Farquharson and George H. French,
of whom Dr. Preston alone remains and is still on the Publication
Committee doing most efficient work.
At a memorial meeting of the Academy held in honor of our late
lamented friend W. H. Pratt, a committee was appointed to prepare a
biographical sketch to appear in Volume VI. of the PROCEEDINGs.
Perhaps an interesting item in connection with the publication is
the fact that aside from the returns in valuable donations of curiosities
and a library of at least 28,000 volumes, five hundred to one thou-
sand dollars has been realized from the sale of the PROCEEDINGS,
which receipts have always been used to continue the publication.
For this reason the publication fund has been kept separate from the
general fund and has always been in bank on the account of the chair-
man of your committee.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 327
The total expenditure for 1893 has been $354.66, distributed as fol-
ows:
Pretacevand: table of ContentSeViolsaVias.s:ce oso acess es $ 15.00
Clerical work oni index; Mir) Vam Doren?..sa2 oso... 226s 48.00
sane and “Detweiler, On aCCOUNE eo.) cinis nn nm Scien se pk es as 170.00
TAME S ME OV ETS es croeaia ciel area tanee mete maesciatei cel saree gavotte 5 wlohe 10.00
Wotalvexpense-ot Vols Victor Osi thse es ste cates calcite « $243.00
MolumesVil.,{printing felt 1Orms 2 15k 1/4 ae s/s veins cla wees « 60.00
MUNISERAELO IS Seer aoc eda eerste eis at wa Yani ahr at orcas eee srere areal merle 13.66
Gin MipeE aL irye DIOR TAD NYT Sn. Sinis steste wins Av aeicsk cet we eee e 38.00 $111.66
otal Ex Pend tUre WL LOO sree kok aed Sells Wis ete ee ee eC = 354.66
LIABILITIES.
Wien juddlede WEEMeT don. ose a rs ao we wea Desde x dae eas $166.00
Pier oper, Pidiar ce Champers. os soc ccvzele cea sew 2 ates 118.00 $284.00
Total expenditure on Volume V. to date, $1,021; balance due,
$284.00; total cost of Volume V., $,1305.00.
Respectfully submitted,
M. L. D. Putnam, Chairman Publication Committee.
January 3, 1894.
TREASURER’S REPORT.
The treasurer’s report showed receipts during the year uf $1,993.71,
expenditures of $1,956.72, leaving a cash balance of $36.99. The
expenditures included the payment of the floating debt of the Acad-
emy, amounting to $411. Of the receipts nearly $400 was derived
from the proceeds of the four Ben-Hur performances last April.
In this connection the finance committee reported the purchase of
the fifty-foot lot adjoining the Academy property on the north, at a
cost of $1,560. The amount necessary for the purchase was received
as follows: From Kuhnen estate, $1,025; Newbold estate, $80; in-
dividual subscriptions, $165; loan, $260.
The above amount ( $1,560.00 ) includes, together with the present
purchase of forty-six feet, settlement in full for four feet previously
purchased at fifty dollars per foot, with accrued interest on the same.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS— 1894.
President — Dr. W. LL. ALLEN.
Vice-President— EDWARD S. HAMMATT.
Recording Secretary —A. W. ELMER.
Corresponding Secretary — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Treasurer — FRANK NADLER.
Curator — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Librarian— C. E. Harrison.
Trustees for Three Years — Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam, Dr. JENNIE
McCowen, C. E. Harrison, and E. S. Hammatt.
328 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Standing Committees were announced as follows :
Finance—W. C. Putnam, Frank Nadler, H. M. Henley.
Publication —Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam, Dr. Jennie McCowen, Prof.
S. Calvin, Prof. W. H. Barris, Dr. C. H. Preston.
Library — Charles E. Harrison, Dr. Jennie McCowen, E. S. Ham-
matt.
A vote of thanks was extended to Mrs. C. C. Parry for the gift of
Dr. Parry’s portrait for the PROCEEDINGS.
PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Dr. W. L. ALLEN, January 3, 1894.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN :
The year just passed has been apparently an uneventful one to the
Academy. We have made no archeological explorations, have added
little of importance to our museums, have had few original essays for
our publications, have strengthened our membership by but one new
member; nevertheless we have done well financially, and the year
1893, on account of the Columbian Exposition with its beauties and
wonders of art and of mechanical skill and ingenuity, and its histori-
cal and archeological treasures has so awakened and stimulated the
intellect of the people all over the United States, that neither the cares
of business nor the struggle for wealth can efface the deep impression
made by that wonderful spectacle. This impression will beget an ap-
petite for knowledge, and this desire for intellectual food will bring
the people to the store-houses of knowledge, the libraries and acad-
emies of science and art. I feel, therefore, that we have the greatest
cause for congratulation over the year just passed, for it is bound to
bring many new members to us, not that we need their money, for
time will bring many endowments, but we do want their intellectual
strength and interest. We have just sustained in the death of Profes-
sor W. H. Pratt a loss which will be felt by this Academy for many
years. Being one of the original four who, twenty-six years ago,
founded this Association, he continued to work for it with such con-
stancy and zeal that our publications will ever reflect his good work
and stand as a monument to it.
Our Secretary’s report shows a decrease in the number of meetings
held, but the average attendance about as usual, with the addition of
one new member during the year.
The Curator’s report gives the usual additions to the museum be-
side some two hundred stone and flint implements obtained from vari-
ous parties by that ‘‘ Ancient Mariner,’ Captain Hall.
Our Librarian reports that over 1,300 books and pamphlets have
been added to our library, which brings the number up to 28,800.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 329
Among these are books of the greatest value and the recent publica-
tions of scientific societies all over the world.
Our Treasurer’s report is very encouraging :
PEs 2-5 cont 5 Soa nn EI a aa Ses At SF SIS PAIS A shee owe $1,993.71
Fer TIVES eae ied Sees Se rihe nd epee Un Rites EL Ce oie See a 1,956.72
CARN AEE eb 8 dem ae ee ae ea oe des wabine ee $ 36.99
This includes the payment of the floating debt, which amounted to
$411. Nearly four hundred dollars of the receipts were derived from
the proceeds of the four performances of ‘‘ Ben Hur,” conducted by
our friends last April and so liberally patronized by the people of this
city.
Chit Finance Committee reports the purchase of the fifty-foot lot ad-
joining our property on the north, at a total cost (including the
amount due for the four feet purchased several years ago, and on
which no payment was made ) of $1,560. To meet this we received
from
WSIMpIR IG EE SEANE gael carts atc & eli wige hac woe iatad moto aerctaiee coats $1,025
Donations by Messrs. Smith, Putnam, and Phelps................... 195
PSU PEST ACe eit Uren wns ou staph pe riiee Sag den oak Se ike NS 80
(Le LED PERSE So ER SHIN s SER Og SO Oe Moe ee RE er Spon asa Pi ean lg edhe te 260
$1,560
There is in the endowment fund the sum of $1,200 invested in two
seven per cent. farm mortgages, one of $200 and one of $1,000.
There are also the two bequests of $1,000 each, of the late Mr. and
Mrs. J. M. Parker, and an interest as residuary legatee of the Newbold
estate, which will bring us about $500.
Our Publication Committee reports the first part of Volume VI. fin-
ished. Volume V. was completed and delivered early in the year at
a cost of $1,300. The committee needs the sum of $300 to pay for
additional copies and binding. All the funds necessary for these pub-
lications have been secured, as in the past, by the individual and inde-
fatigable efforts of Mrs. Putnam.
While the actual needs of the Academy are small, yet I hope to see:
First — Five thousand dollars expended on our library for binding
and publishing a catalogue—this would give us the finest scientific
library in the West, and would add many professional men in this vi-
cinity to our membership: Second —The sum of $20,000 as an en-
dowment to our publications, so that our PROCEEDINGs could be gotten
out as soon as desired without requiring personal subscriptions in
advance: Third —Twenty thousand dollars to extend our building
in order to have room to exhibit our collections, more than half of
which are at present either boxed up or so cramped for space as to be
overlooked: Fourth — A large endowment for archeological explor-
ations. This Academy was the pioneer in this work in this section of
the country, and had we a large fund, the interest of which could be
used in sending out members to make explorations, we would draw
hundreds of young men to our membership.
330 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Our archzeological collection now consists of 350 copper-beads, 14
copper awls, 33 copper axes, 62 mound-builders’ pipes, 4 inscribed
tablets, 250 vessels of ancient pottery, also of Indian relics, 1,100
stone implements and 15,000 flint— principally arrow and spear-heads.
In evidence of the value of this part of our collection, not as speci-
mens in a museum, but as proofs in the study of the history of man-
kind, as guide-posts in the search for truth regarding the earliest inhab-
itants of this country, I need only call your attention to the original
essays of Dr. Farquharson, Prof. Seyffarth and Mr. Putnam, found in
our own proceedings.
Dr. Farquharson wrote in 1875 concerning our copper axes, and
the article attracted wide attention. At that time there were but
eleven copper axes besides the twenty-five we had in our collection,
known or reported in this country. Did the mound-builders possess-
ing copper axes belong to the copper period corresponding to the
same period in Europe? As these axes were covered with cloth, did
they not make cloth? If not, where did they get their copper axes,
and who made them?
Concerning the inscribed tablets found in 1877 on the Cook farm
below Davenport, Prof. Seyffarth writes: ‘‘ They are the first discov-
ered phonetic and astronomic monuments of the primitive inhabitants
of this country which sooner or later will cast unexpected light upon
the origin, the history, tne religion, the language, the science and in-
tellectual faculties of our ancient Indians.’’ Further on he says:
‘¢The Northmen, it is true, discovered America prior to Columbus,
but the Indian characters on the Davenport monuments point us
clearly to the Chinese syllabic figures and not to the alphabetic
runes.’? Again, speaking of the third tablet, he says: ‘‘ This is, no
doubt, the most interesting and most important tablet ever discovered
in North America.”’
These essays, with that of Mr. Putnam, bring out strongly the dif-
ferent views of archeologists as to the origin of the mound-builders
and their great antiquity. Prof. Seyffarth claims that one of these
tablets is a memorial of the Noachian deluge, while other eminent
scientists translate it as a hunting scene, and believe its great value is
due to the representation of an elephant thereon. When we consider
that there are at present but few inscribed tablets in this country, and
that we have the largest and most complete collection of curved-base
pipes and copper implements, it ought to stimulate the society to de-
vote most of its time and work to this particular branch of archeo-
logical research.
February 19, 1894.—TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
(Held at the Rooms of the Business Men’s Association, Masonic Temple.)
President Allen in the chair ; six members present.
The meeting was called to consider a proposition from Mr. D.
rn) 4
oe 47. &.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 331
Cheeney to give a musical entertainment at an early date for the ben-
efit of the Academy. Mr. Cheeny, being present, described in brief
the sacred Cantata, ‘‘ Hgyf/a,”’ which he desired to present, showing
photographs of costumes, etc.
After some discussion the matter was referred to a committee con-
sisting of W. C. Putnam, Edward S. Hammatt, and C. E. Harrison,
with power to act.
ficbruary 23, 1894.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair ; six members present.
The Curator reported the donation of a number of stone and flint
implements collected by Capt. W. P. Hall.
Mr. Edward Borcherdt and Dr A. Behr were elected to regular mem-
bership.
The resignation of Mr. S. F. ‘Smith as Trustee was presented and
accepted, and Mr. C. A. Ficke was elected to fill the vacancy thus
caused.
The Entertainment Committee reported the acceptance of the oper-
etta ‘‘ Egypta,’’ its presentation to be deferred until May.
It was announced that the executor of the estate of Edward New-
bold, a resident of Scott county who died a year or more ago making
the Academy of Sciences his residuary legatee, has paid over the sum
of $400, and that a further sum may be realized before the estate is
closed.
A paper by Mr. John M. Helmick ona ‘‘ Serpent Mound,”’ discov-
ered by the author in South Dakota, was read and referred to the Pub-
lication Committee (See p. 150).
Mr. Benjamin R. Putnam read a very interesting paper on the iron
and copper ores of Mount Hope, New York, and of the Lake Supe-
rior region ; illustrating the subject by specimens which he presented
to the Academy, accompanied by the following descriptive notes:
NOTES ON SPECIMENS OF ORES PRESENTED BY B. R. PUTNAM TO THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
DESCRIBED ACCORDING TO LOCALITIES,
Mount Hope, N. J.
Magnetite— Fe, O, — from the mines of the Mount Hope Mining
Company.
Iron deposits of Northern New Jersey are nearly all lenticular beds
of magnetite occurring in archean gneiss and rarely in crystalline lime-
332 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
stone, and having a north-easterly strike, a small dip one way or the
other, and pitching along the strike. At Mount Hope there are five
nearly parallel beds in hard gneiss, but only two are of much import-
ance. The ore averages between 50 and 55 per centiron, is hard and
uniform, but is mostly non-Bessemer owing to the presence of apatite.
The specimen is a fair average of the ore hoisted.
FRANKLIN FURNACE, N. J.
Franklinite— (Fe Zn Mn) O, (Fe Mn), 0; —variable.
Willemite— 27n O, St Oo.
Zincite— Zn O.
Three specimens, showing different combinations of the above min-
erals. At Mine Hill, where the specimens were collected, the ore
bodies consist of two converging, nearly vertical beds or veins, in white
crystalline limestone overlying the archean gneiss. The ore consists
of varying proportions of the above minerals in a calcite gangue, the
specimen being richer than the average. It is first treated for zinc,
and the residue smelted for spiegeleisen. The region is very rich in
minerals and is remarkable as being the only place in the world where
the above minerals are of anything like economic importance.
HAZELTON, PENN.
Two coal plants and specimen of pyrites from the anthracite col-
liery of Coxe Bros. & Co., at Oneida.
ISHPEMING, MICH.
Hematite — Fe, O3.
Three specimens. Iron is found around Lake Superior in five ranges
or districts— Marquette, Menominee, Penokee-Gogebic, Vermilion
Lake, and Mesaba—all of which have many characteristics in com-
mon. Ishpeming is in the Marquette district. This is a very dis-
turbed region, and the geology and origin of the ore bodies have been
a subject of controversy. The ore is almost entirely hematite, but is
either soft and red or hard and specular, and occurs in various shapes
but commonly has a trough or basin shape. The geological section is
usually diorite, soapstone or jasper, ore, chert, quartzite.
First specimen, ‘‘ hard ore,’’ or specular hematite, from the Lake
Superior Hard Ore mine.
Second. Same from the Lake Superior Hematite mine.
Third. Soft, red hematite from the Lake Superior Hematite mine.
The first and third are average ores.
KEWEENAW POINT, MICHIGAN.
Specimen of Copper Ore .
The copper in this region is entirely native -—- remarkably few cop-
per minerals being found. The copper-bearing horizon consists of
layers of igneous rocks and conglomerate beds dipping to the North-
"ey dae
a
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 333
west under the lake at angles varying from 30° to 60°. Only certain
of these beds are copper-bearing. According to the character of the
deposits they may be classified as follows :
1. Conglomerate beds. The copper occurs as cement and partial-
ly replaces pebbles. Examples. Calumet and Hecla, Tamarack.
2. Amygdaloid mines. Copper filling small blow-holes in upper
portion of igneous sheet. Example. Atlantic, Osceola.
3. Irregular masses, often of large size, of copper in true veins at
right angles to bedding of strata, with a gangue of calcite, epidote, etc.
Example. Copper Falls.
The first two are of the most importance. Some of the amygdaloid
mines furnish a great deal of ‘‘mass’’ copper besides the ordinary
*«stamp rock.’’ All the ore, except the masses, is broken by Blake
crushers, then crushed by enormous steam stamps, and the copper
concentrated on jigs, tables, etc., to about 80 per cent. The concen-
trated mineral and pieces of mass copper are then melted down and
refined in reverberatory furnaces, and cast into ingots of unrivaled
purity.
The specimens are as follows:
Amygdaloid Ore, from the Atlantic and Osceola mines. Native
copper in melaphyr gangue. Average of Atlantic ore is .66 per cent.
copper, and of Osceola 1% per cent.
Trap, hanging wall of Atlantic mine.
Sheet Copper, Osceola mine.
Shot Copper, Osceola mine.
Native Copper, Osceola mine.
Cong/omerate, two specimens, coarse and fine, from the Tamarack
mine. This mine is working the same vein as the Calumet and Hecla.
February 23, 1804. BENJAMIN R. PUTNAM.
June 29, 1894 — REGULAR MEETING.
President Allen in the chair ; six members present.
The Curator reported the receipt of a number of mounted ornitho-
logical specimens from Dr. S. Bowman of Bennett, Iowa; also from
Mr. G. H. Hinrichs of this city, a post or log of wood bored by to-
redos and thickly covered with barnacles. This specimen was ob-
tained by Mr. Hinrichs during a recent visit to Florida.
The following resolutions of respect were presented and adopted :
Resolved, That in the death of Rev. S. S. Hunting, which occurred at
Des Moines, June 2, 1894, this Academy has sustained the loss of an hon-
ored life member and former president, and of a co-worker whose energy
and enthusiasm were ever helpful and inspiring throughout the time of his
resident membership. In him the world has lost a true man — honest, fear-
less, strong ; one who did his duty and sought the light, untrammeled by
prejudice or tradition. We honor him for the invaluable example of a life
[Proo. D. A. N.S8., Vol. VI.] 42 {February 13, 1897.)
Som DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
thus spent, and for his unselfish devotion to humanity, not alone in the
work of his chosen calling but also in the cause of abolition, of education, of
temperance, and of prison reform.
Resolved, That we extend to the family our deep sympathy in their loss,
and that copies of these resolutions be transmitted to them and to the press
of Davenport and Des Moines. C. H. PRESTON,
C. E. HARRISON,
ARTHUR M. Jupy,
Committee.
Prof. J. H. Udden of Augustana College, Rock Island, was elected
to regular membership.
September 28, 1894 — REGULAR MEETING.
W. H. Barris, President Avo fem.
Capt. W. P. Hall presented to the Academy one copper axe and ten
stone axes, with one hundred and twenty-one flint implements and a
discoidal stone, all collected by himself for the museum. There had
been no other additions since the June meeting. The number of pay-
ing visitors in the past three months was one hundred and twenty.
October 26, 1894 — REGULAR MEETING.
Vice-President Hammatt in the chair; four members present.
The Curator reported the reception from Dr. S. C. Bowman of sev-
eral valuable donations — birds, fish, Indian relics, etc.
A vote of thanks was extended to the many friends of the Academy
who contributed to the success of the operetta, ‘‘ Egypta,’’ recently
rendered under its auspices.
January 2, 1895 — ANNUAL MEETING.
President Allen in the chair ; ten members present.
TREASURER’S REPORT.
Treasurer Nadler in his report stated that the Academy was free
from debt, with $127.93 in the treasury, exclusive of $36.00 in the
hands of the publication committee.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY'S REPORT.
Your Corresponding Secretary respectfully reports: The number
of letters received during the year 1894 is 83, and the number written
168.
These letters embrace a variety of topics, many having no other
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 335
than a mere passing, individual interest. Among these are questions
as to the determination of mounds, the identification of fossils, the sale
of mound relics, the locality and_means of obtaining them, proffers of
work in such directions as the Academy may need, the books needed
in our work, etc.
* Many are of an entirely different character, having reference to the
Publications of the Academy. For these, applications come to us from
colleges, from universities, from societies of natural history and from
organizations having scarce one object in common with us.
Many letters come from abroad, and from some of the most promi-
nent foreign institutions of learning, recounting the number of volumes
they have received for their publications, directing attention to the fact
that certain numbers are missing, trusting the Academy will kindly
supply the volumes needed to complete the series, and stating that if
we find any of their reports missing they will be most happy to recip-
rocate the favor.
Thus emphasis comes from all quarters showing the interest taken in
our publications and the estimation in which they are held by those
best qualified to judge of them.
I need scarcely say, in reference to all letters written or received by
the Corresponding Secretary, that they are recorded, with date of recep-
tion (or writing ), in a book of registry kept for the purpose. The
present Secretary has thought best, with each entry and date, to give
in few words the subject matter of the letter, so that instead of being
necessitated to overhaul a whole year’s package, we may at once
find, under proper date in the register, the subject matter of each
letter written or received, thus reducing labor and facilitating inquiry.
January 2, 1895. W. H. Barris, Corresponding Secretary.
LIBRARIAN’S REPORT.
TO THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES:
Your Librarian begs to report additions to the library for the year
just closed, as follows: January, 100; February, 126; March, 116;
April, 126; May, 138; June, 112; July, 118; August, 105; Sep-
tember, 105 ; October, 97; November, 111 ; December, 120; total,
1,374.
aoe to renew my plea of a year ago for more shelf-room and
better means of properly caring for our rapidly increasing and valua-
ble library. There has been no expenditure during the year for either
shelving or binding, both of which are urgently needed and must be
had before the Library can be made available for use or study.
Respectfully submitted. C. E. Harrison, Librarian.
January 2, 1895.
CURATOR’S REPORT.
The Curator respectfully reports that’.one of the By-laws of the
336 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Academy distinctly defines his duty to keep a record of all donations
made to the Museum and report all additions at the annual meeting.
It will be seen that the additions made to the cabinet during the
past year compare very favorably with those of preceding years.
With the advent of the year we naturally expect to find among the
earliest contributors the name of Captain W. P. Hall. It would bea
tedious duty to give in detail the different collections he has brought
.to the Academy the past year. To summarize them we may note that
the number of flint implements of every conceivable form, color, and
variety of finish is over 250; there are over thirty stone axes, large
and small, one copper axe and several discoidal and hammer-stones.
Captain Hall has not only worked himself but influenced others to
aid him in his work, to whom, as well as to himself, acknowledgments
have been made. In one such collection, presented by John C. Vogel,
was the horn of an extinct ox—not a common find, especially this far
north.
Mr. B. R. Putnam presented for the Museum a very choice collec-
tion of minerals, which he described in a paper read before the Acad-
emy. It comprises magnetite, Franktinite, mellenite, zincite, pyrites,
hematite in the massive state (specular), and the soft, red species (amyg-
daloid), with copper in the native state, also as shot and in sheet.
This is a model collection, with carefully noted locality and descrip-
tion, making it a most desirable addition to the cabinet.
There was left in the Academy a pair of leather gloves one of which
had been through the fire, the heat reducing it in size so regularly and
gradually as to preserve its true proportions though with less than half
the size of its companion. While not a purely scientific relic, yet, as
a freak of nature that could scarcely ever be repeated, it is worthy a
place on our shelves.
Through the kind offices of Mr. G. H. Hinrichs the Academy re-
ceived from Florida a long post of wood somewhat resembling cedar,
which had stood, nearly submerged in mud and water, not only per-
forated through and through by the action of a borer but in addition
having its entire surface literally covered with barnacles.
In May the Academy received from Dr. S. C. Bowman of Bennett,
Iowa, to whom we are indebted for so many favors, two mounted
birds— one a fine, large, well-preserved great blue heron, and one
equally well preserved, rarer form, the night heron.
Another consignment came from the Doctor in October bear-
ing witness to his breadth of study as a naturalist. In the department
of archeeology we have the spine of a conch from the shell heaps of
Florida, with peculiar forms of sinkers and plummets from the same
beds. In ornithology are the Massina partridge of Texas and five
humming-birds in a glass case. In ichthiology is a single specimen
of the trunk-fish of Southern Florida. In mineralogy fine specimens
of selenite and common salt. In comparative anatomy a skeleton of
the red-tailed hawk; head of an old coyote from Inland, Cedar county ;
head of a young coyote which died in captivity, as the doctor states,
: % ay ee 3
=
<4, 5
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 337
during eruption of permanent teeth. Of Indian relics there are ar-
rows, perforators, and axes from New Mexico, Yucatan, and Andalu-
sia, Illinois; a complete outfit of an Indian brave— bow, arrows, and
gun — accompanied by a history of the owner, with his apparatus for
kindling fire, also bow-string and iron-tipped arrows from the plains
of Texas.
H. S. Wagner of this city has added to our odlogical collection the
egg of his African parrot (Psefacus erythacus, Lin.), only two of which,
he states, were ever laid on this continent, hence he thought it might
prove a desirable acquisition to the Academy.
During the past week a visitor asked whether we would be pleased
to have the head and attached horns of the buffalo, proposing to spare
us two specimens. ‘The next day they were found at the door, evi-
dently one old head and one younger, in a good state of preservation.
As I said in commencing this report, the additions made to the mu-
seum compare very favorably with those of preceding years: there is
scarcely a department of Natural History not to some extent repre-
sented. This holds good in geology, mineralogy, archeology, orni-
thology, odlogy. Even in the matter of Indian relics and remains, we
could not part with any trusting to find its duplicate.
January 2, 1895. W. H. Barris, Curator.
REPORT OF THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
Your committee would report that the publication of Volume V. and
Part I. of Volume VI. has brought many most interesting and val-
uable publications in exchange from scientific societies, and proved to
the world at large that the Academy is a live institution.
The indebtedness of the publication at the end of last year was
$284.00. This has been paid by funds raised at the entertainments
given and by subscriptions to Volume VI., and there is a balance in
bank of $36.00.
Professor Frederick Starr of the Chicago University has prepared a
‘Summary of Iowa Archzeology’’ which will be included in Volume
VI., to be published in the near future.
The recommendation of your President last year, for an endowment
of $20,000 for a publication fund has not, so far, elicited a response.
In these days when thousands change hands as Christmas gifts, will not
some friend of the Academy remember that thus placing the publica-
tion of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences on a sure footing
is to perpetuate the good name and fame of the City of Davenport and
build up a scientific library that is already superior to many others in
the United States? M. L. D. Putnam,
January 2, 1895. Chairman Publication Committee.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
President —Epwarp S. Hammatr.
Vice-President. —C. H. PRESTON.
338 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Recording Secretary — A. W. ELMER.
Corresponding Secretary — W. H. Barris.
Treasurer — FRANK NADLER.
Curator —W. H. Barris.
Librarian — C. E. Harrison.
Trustees for Three Vears—W.'L. ALLEN, C. A. Ficke, C. H.
PRESTON, J. B. PHELPS.
Trustee to fill vacancy (caused by the election of E. S. Hammatt to
the Presidency) —J. H. Harrison.
Dr. Clarence B. Moore of Philadelphia was elected an honorary
member.
PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
[ President Allen, after reviewing the work of the Academy during the
past year and strongly urging the need for more workers and for means to
increase the availability and consequent usefulness of the Library and the
Museum, took up a detailed consideration of Prof. Thomas’ article in the
last report of the Bureau of Ethnology on the Davenport tablets and ele-
phant pipes. As this matter was ably and fully discussed by Mr. C. E. Put-
nam in Volume IV. of the PROCEEDINGS, it is not thought necessary to
publish the address in full.— Pus. Com. ]
January 4, 1895.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; trustees present, Edward 5. Ham-
matt, C. A. Ficke, 89.77
Balamcevom therm Git cc)cssisce soe ota) ancl eee eI WIC te) ce chee one ae AI .24
‘Total-Disbursements =). 2. Sages ane ceeict Soe shar hte imeice eiae sie OM Ine
Respectfully submitted, FRANK NADLER,
January 7, 1896. Treasurer.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 353
PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Epwarp S. HamnatTT, January 7, 1896.
In reviewing the work of our Academy for the past year, a few sug-
gestions may be made, which possibly leading to others of greater im-
portance, may prove an incentive to renewed activity in the field of
original investigation.
In some departments of the museum, as in mineralogy and conchol-
ogy, little has been accomplished except in the way of getting ready
for work by re-arranging cases for these collections. In zodlogy and
ornithology a number of interesting specimens have been added to the
collections. Chemistry is one of the departments of the museum, and
at one time biology was also on ourlist. Workers in both should find
facilities for original investigations ,in this building. To carry on such
work a thoroughly equipped laboratory is necessary and should be
secured as soon as may be. Such a laboratory would also be of the
greatest advantage to workers in other departments of natural science.
Our botanical collections have been put to good use during the past
year by students in this branch of science. It may be well to state
again, as has been repeatedly done, that our valuable collections are,
under proper regulations, available for study to those not members of
the Academy.
We are still receiving large numbers of stone and flint implements
secured for us by that most zealous collector, Captain W. P. Hall.
Our already priceless collection of mound relics will receive valuable
additions in the coming year if workers and funds can be secured.
Several mounds of promising value have recently been located as a
direct result of Prof. Frederick Starr’s ‘‘ Summary of Iowa Archeol-
ogy,’’ and the circulars of instruction sent out under the auspices of
the Academy. While the archzological field of Iowa is in a measure
limited, as far as we know at the present time, to the work of the
mound builders and Indians, the subject is one of great importance in
the almost modern field of anthropology. To this field and Egyptian
history, Prof. Petrie’s marvelous explorations, early in the past year,
gave a new race, a race totally unlike the ancient Egyptians, contem-
poraneous with them, but more cultivated.
One of the most important parts of museum work is the accurate
labeling of specimens. For this, with a special reference to palkeon-
tology, we are fortunate in having the valuable services of Prof. W. H.
Barris, our curator.
The Library is constantly receiving valuable additions in the way of
exchanges and government publications. To further increase the li-
brary it would be well if foreign governments could be induced to
place our Academy on their publication. lists; some means should be
devised to secure this end. Good work has been done by part of the
Library Committee and a few other interested members in adding
more shelf-room, numbering sections and shelves, and in re-arranging
books and pamphlets. As soon as funds are available an appropria-
354 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
tion should be allowed the Library Committee for needed binding and
for cataloguing our more than 30,000 books and pamphlets.
A serious question which must be met in the near future is that of
securing more room for our always increasing collections. The build-
ing is already overcrowded. A small amount of additional space could
be secured were donors willing to allow us to separate their collections
and re-arrange them according to the general classification required,
due credit being given the donor of specimens on each label. Many
of the larger museums refuse to accept donations conditional on their
being kept intact —a wise precaution which we should adopt.
That the Academy may extend a wider educational influence, short
descriptive papers on different topics of natural history, illustrated by
our specimens, might be prepared by Academy members in the line of
their special studies. Such elementary pamphlets would serve to per-
manently fix in the minds of the youth of the public and private
schools the objects seen in the collections; and these pamphlets, if
properly arranged, might in time serve as a complete catalogue to the
Museum. Popular scientific lectures should also be made a regular
feature of Academy work at an early date. In speaking of the museum
it may be mentioned that while our duplicates are carefully labeled,
listed, and used for exchanges, casts of unique specimens might also
be added to the exchange list.
It has been suggested by our Librarian, Mr. C. E. Harrison, that a
museum extension be arranged with other museums. ‘This timely sug-
gestion should be worked out to a practical result.
An important function of the Academy is the publication of scien-
tific papers on original investigations. This work has been success-
fully carried on, almost from the beginning of our organization, with-
out an endowment fund, mainly through the indefatigable and perse-
vering labors of Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam. Through the same generous
friend, an endowment of $10,000, chiefly from the estate of Mrs. Mary
Putnam Bull of Tarrytown, New York, has been secured for the pub-
lication fund, as a memorial to Mr. Charles E. Putnam and his son, J.
Duncan Putnam, both of whom were active workers in the Academy
and ably filled the presidential office.
By means of this endowment fund, all regular and life members of
the Academy will hereafter be entitled to its publications free. Grat-
ifying results of this stimulus to original research have already
been felt, for the committee have now in process of publication two
valuable papers: ‘‘ A List of Coleoptera,’’ by Prof. H. S. Wickham,
of the University of Iowa, and ‘‘A Revision of the Truxaline of
North America,’’ by Prof. Jerome McNeill, of the University of Ar-
kansas. These, with others in course of preparation, will insure the
issuance at an early date, of the remaining parts of Volume VI. of the
ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS.
In future publications of the PROCEEDINGS, and parts as issued, it
might be advisable for’ the Publication Committee to investigate the
proposed plan of the Royal Society of London, of a uniform method
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 355
of cataloguing scientific publications, as more fully explained by the
Harvard University Council. Each society should accompany its own
publications with duplicate card catalogues, and request them with all
exchanges.
In looking over some of the past volumes of our PROCEEDINGS a lack
of uniformity is seen in the system of measurement adopted. It is said
that one of the greatest reforms of the Nineteenth Century is the adoption
of the metric system, legally adopted by this and many foreign coun-
tries. This uniform system should be used exclusively in scientific
work and publications and should be made an imperative requirement
in papers accepted for publication.
At the first meeting of the Academy, December 14, 1867, among
the honorary members elected was Prof. Charles Valentine Riley, whose
career has but recently been brought to a sudden close with seemingly
many years before him for useful scientific work. In Prof. Riley the
Academy loses an interested friend and the world a distinguished ento-
mologist.
During the past year the regular membership has been somewhat
increased, and new as well as old members should be reminded that
they are expected to take an active interest in the Academy. It is
hardly necessary to further dwell upon the needs of the Academy ;
suffice it to say, that an institution such as ours, to do efficient scien-
tific work must have funds at its disposal to carry on explorations and
investigations.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS — 1896.
President — EDWARD S. HaMMaTT.
Vice-President — Dr. A. W. ELMER.
Recording Secretary — EDWARD BORCHERDT.
Corresponding Secretary — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Treasurer — FRANK NADLER.
Curator — Prof. W. H. Barris.
Librarian — C. E. HARRISON.
Trustees for Three Vears— Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam, GEorGE P. Mc-
CLELLAND, Rev. A. M. Jupy, W. C. PuTNAM.
Prof. Frederick Starr was proposed as an honorary member of the
Academy and was unanimously elected.
At the close of the business session Dr. Edward Gudeman read an
able and instructive paper on ‘‘ Old Theories in Chemistry,’’ present-
ing a scholarly review of the growth of chemical science.
January 23, 1896.— TRUSTEES’ MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; eight members present.
356 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Treasurer Frank Nadler presented his report for the year just closed,
showing a balance on hand, January 1, 1896, of $41.24 in the general
fund. The report was referred to the Finance Committee.
The Trustees discussed the financial outlook for the year, which was
thought fairly favorable. :
On motion, the sum of $50 was placed at the disposal of the Li-
brary Committee to be expended on Library needs.
January 32, 1896.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; six members and a number of
visitors present.
The Publication Committee reported Prof. Wickham’s paper on
‘«Coleoptera’’ printed.
Messrs. A. Tredick and C. N. Newcomb were elected regular mem-
bers.
The President announced Standing Committees for the year as fol-
lows :
Finance —W. C. Putnam, J. B. Phelps, J. H. Harrison.
Publication —Mts.. M? L. “D. Putnam, Prof. W. H. Barris, 0m
Jennie McCowen, Prof. S. Calvin, Dr. C.'H. Preston.
Museum — Archeology, C. E. Harrison; Geology and Palzontol-
ogy, Prof. W. H. Barris; Conchology, Miss S. G. Foote-Sheldon ;
Chemistry, Dr. Edward Gudeman; Zodlogy, Dr. A. W. Elmer ; Min-
eralogy, Fred P. Bemis; Botany, Louis Block; Historical Collections,
E. S. Ballord.
Library —C. E, Harrison, Edward Borcherdt, C. H. Preston.
Prof. Udden of Augustana College delivered an interesting lecture
on ‘*Kansas Mounds,”’ illustrating his remarks by crayon sketches.
February 29, 1896 — REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; seven members and a number of
visitors present.
The Curator reported the donation from T. Richter & Sons, furriers
of this city, of a carefully preserved skin of a white skunk, received by
their agent in a collection from the Sac and Fox Indians. This is a
very rare specimen, the donors having never before in their business
seen or heard of such a one.
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 357
The following resolutions on the death of Prof. Charles Wachsmuth
of Burlington, Iowa, were read and adopted :
Resolved, That the Academy has heard with profound regret of the death
of Prof. Charles Wachsmuth, an honored member of this Academy and a
valued contributor to its PROCEEDINGS. It is fitting that, while we record
our sense of the loss we have sustained, we should express our appreciation
of the great work he has wrought tor science in the particular department
to which he devoted his life—a work accepted at home and recognized
abroad by naturalists engaged in the same and similar research, as one of
the most important in the history of geological and palzontological investi-
gation. As we call to mind the amount of conscientious labor he performed
through a score of years, we wonder how it could have been accomplished,
while so often battling with bodily suffering, his iron will, with cheerful for-
titude, rising superior to physical infirmity and nerving him to fresh devo-
tion to his work. We may note asa marked characteristic of this. student
of nature that the treasures he gathered at such vital cost to himself were
distributed freely and generously to others. All were encouraged to come
to him for assistance. His work accomplished, he passed quietly away, in
the very locality whose surroundings had first awakened his early enthusi-
asm. Remembering the happiness of his home, with his affectionate and
devoted wife, fit sharer in his labors and encourager of his work, we extend
to her our warmest sympathy in her great affliction.
Resolved, That these resolutions be recorded in the minutes and that
copies be sent to the family of the deceased and to the press.
W. H. BarRIs,
C. H. PRESTON,
2 "Committee.
Mrs. W. F. Peck, Mrs. C. A. Ficke and Mr. Emil Geisler were
elected to regular membership.
Observer Walz delivered an interesting lecture, illustrated by charts,
on the work of the U. S. Weather Bureau.
March 27, 1896.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair ; seven members present.
The Curator reported the donation to the museum by Mr. A. F.
Mast of some historical relics, viz: ‘Two appointments of the donor to
the office of deputy postmaster of Davenport; the first signed by Pres-
ident Pierce in 1856, and the second by President Buchanan in 1860,
both stamped with the seal of the United States.
The donation from Dr. Clarence B. Moore, of the columella of a
large conch shell worked into marketable shape, was also reported.
Such worked shells are sometimes found in Florida mounds, but not,
the donor believes, in those of Iowa.
[Proo. D. A. N.S8., Vol. VI.] 45 [February 23, 1897.)
358 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
On motion of Dr. Gudeman, a committee consisting of Messrs. F.
J. Walz, J. H. Harrison and M. Bunker was appointed to draw up
resolutions endorsing the proposed adoption of the metric system by
the government, copies of the resolutions to be sent to our members
of congress.
Following the business session the Academy adjourned to the
rotunda where Prof. Launcelot W. Andrews of the Iowa State Univer-
sity, assisted by John D. Fish, Electrician, delivered an_ interest-
ing lecture on the subject, ‘‘Some Properties of Highly Rarified
Gases.’’ The lecture was listened to by a select audience filling the
rotunda and presented a highly instructive consideration of the nature
and properties of the recently discovered ‘‘ Roentgen’’ or ‘‘X”’
rays.
April 24, 1896— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; six members present.
The Curator reported valuable additions to the library from Miss
Clara Holmes and Hon. George T. Baker. ‘The thanks of the Academy
were extended to Prof. L. W. Andrews for his instructive lecture of
March 27, andon motion of Mr, C. E. Harrison, the following supple-
mentary resolution was adopted :
Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be tendered Mr. A. W. Van-
~~. #der Veer, president of the Peoples’ Light Company, and Messrs. J. Charles
Young, J. D. Fish of this city, and Dr. Wm. H. Ludewig of Rock Island, for
assistance rendered in making the lecture of Prof. Andrews a success.
May 29, 1896 — REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; six members present.
The Curator reported the donation from Hon. C. A. Ficke of an
“gyptian mummy and case, shipped by him from the Boulak museum,
Cairo, Egypt, and received at the Academy in good condition.
This very generous donation, made yet more valuable by the known
scholarship of the giver and his carefulness as a collector, had been
announced by the following letter:
CatRO, March 21, 1806.
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, DAVENPORT, IOWA:
Gentlemen —\ take pleasure in stating that I have to-day purchased and
caused to be shipped to the Academy by the Museum here, a mummy with
box, which I request the Academy to accept from me. The mummy and
case are supposed to bé from the 2oth dynasty or thereabouts. I was able
to arrange for the prepayment of freight only as far as New York, but have
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 358A
instructed my office to pay the freight from New York to Davenport upon
the arrival of the box containing mummy and case, which was addressed
and ordered shipped direct to the Academy, however.
Respectfully yours, C. A. FICKE.
Curator Barris congratulated the Academy on this addition to its
archeological treasures, acknowledged its indebtedness to the donor,
and expressed his conviction of the unquestionable genuineness of the
relic.
Mrs. Putnam announced that the bequest of $9,500 by Mrs. Mary
Putnam Bull had been received and was now at interest for the use of
the publication.
June 26, 1896 -— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; five members present.
The donation of 75 flint implements and a stone axe from Capt.
W. P. Hall was reported.
Messrs. Charles Francis and Claude L. Adams were elected regular
members.
The following resolution, presented by Dr. C. H. Preston, was on
motion adopted as the sense of the Academy :
~ WueEREAS, A bill restricting the practice of vivisection has recently been
presented and urged for congressional action, and
WHEREAS, Such a law, if enacted, would not only injuriously affect the
work of the government experiment stations, but might serve as a precedent
for state restrictions ; therefore
hesolved, That the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences joins most
earnestly in the general protest of scientific associations throughout the
Union against so unwise and unjust a measure.
_ While condemning and deprecating all cruelty and the infliction of unnec-
essary suffering for any purpose whatsoever, we believe there is no call for
legal restrictions on vivisection as conducted by the biologist in the interest
and for the promotion of scientific research.
Such legislation must seriously hamper, if indeed it did not discourage
and prevent, investigations essential to the knowledge and control of com-
municable diseases, both those affecting man and those pertaining to the
domestic animals, and would thus become responsible for perpetuating the
causes of infinitely more suffering than it could possibly prevent.
July 31, 1896 — REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; five members present.
The donation of some flattened minnie bullets from Atlanta and
some Aztec ‘‘ pocket-deities’’ from Mr. A. C. Fulton was reported.
358B DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Mr. R. P. Osborn was elected a regular member.
The Executive Committee reported that a contract had been made
with the Davenport Granitoid Company to lay a cement floor in the
west basement room of the Academy building at an expense of 9g cents
per square foot, the contractors to remove the present wooden flooring
and move the cases.
August 28, 1896.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair.
Benjamin R. Putnam was elected to life membership.
Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam was appointed a delegate to the American
Association for the Advancement of Science about to meet at Buffalo,
N. Y., and the Corresponding Secretary was instructed to forward her
credentials, she being now in the East.
September 25, 1896.— REGULAR MEFTING.
President Hammatt in the chair.
The donation from Capt. W. P. Hall of a large flint spear head —
a very fine specimen — together with a number of arrow heads and
two large stone axes, was reported.
October 30, 1896.— REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair ; eleven members present.
The following resolutions on the death of Mr. William H. Holmes
were presented and adopted :
WueEREAS, In the death of William H. Holmes, which occurred at his
residence in this city on the morning of the 26th inst., the Academy loses one
of its earliest and most honored members,
Resolved, That we hereby record our appreciation of his sterling worth as
a man, of his life-long zeal in the search for truth, and of his valuable
services as an officer of, and contributor to the work of the Academy.
Resolved, That we tender our deep sympathy to his sorrowing household
and that copies of these resolutions be sent to them and to the city press.
W.H. BARRIS,
ARTHUR M. Jupy,
C. H. PRESTON,
Committee.
President Hammatt, Mrs. Putnam and others added warm personal
tributes to the worth of the deceased.
After the business session the Academy adjourned to the Library
Eee ey SRE | TE
ee eS a ee
*
t
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 359
room, where a large audience was assembled to listen to a lecture by
Mr. George R. Putnam on the Peary Expedition of the past summer,
which expedition Mr. Putnam accompanied as a representative of the
U. S. Geodetic and Coast Survey.
Preceding the lecture an interesting report of the last annual meet-
ing of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held
at Liverpool, and attended by the writer, Mr. E. K. Putnam, was read.
THE GREENLAND EXPEDITION OF 1896 UNDER CHARGE OF
PROF. A. E. BURTON.
SUMMARY OF LECTURE BEFORE THE DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,
BY G. R. PUTNAM, OCTOBER 30, 1806.
This expedition was organized by Prof. Burton of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology to carry on various investigations in Umanak
Fiord, in the northern part of Danish Greenland. The party was to
be carried to and from its destination by Lieut. Peary, the well-known
arctic explorer. The voyage was but a summer trip to moderate lati-
tudes, devoid of the conventional arctic hardships, and yet the pecu-
liar advantage of such a trip to Greenland is that many of the grand-
est of arctic phenomena may here be seen in easily accessible regions.
The steamer ‘‘ Hope,’’ a staunch Newfoundland sealing ship, under
command of Capt. John Bartlett, carried Lieut. Peary and the various
parties north from Sydney, Nova Scotia, sailing from there July 16,
1896. Passing through the straits of Belle Isle we were soon in the
regions of icebergs and floe ice. Magnificent specimens of the former
were encountered before we left the straits, and they were never lack-
ing to the scene during the entire balance of the voyage. An unusual
quantity of floe ice was met along the Labrador coast, which we fol-
lowed closely to Hudson Strait. The ice sometimes became so thick
as to seriously impede the progress of the ship. While in this ice we
had some beautiful and fantastic effects of the mirage. A polar bear
and cubs were seen on the ice off Cape Chudleigh, the latter being
captured alive after the shooting of the mother.
Passing into Hudson Strait the ‘‘ Hope’’ was soon clear of the ice.
After steaming two hundred miles along the north shore we reached
Ashe Inlet on July 24. Here,and on the mainland opposite, two
days were spent by the various parties in exploration. At this point
some years ago the Canadians had a station for investigating the cli-
mate and navigability of Hudson Strait. On the way out of Hudson
Strait we had our first good view of the Eskimos. A few of them in
their kayaks hailed the ship, and the entire settlement followed in a
large skin boat, bringing many articles to trade. Notwithstanding the
utterly bleak and forbidding appearance of this region, they appeared
to be a happy people; their round, fat faces simply beamed with good
nature. ‘They were dressed in furs, men and women much alike, ex-
360 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
cept that the women’s blouses had a long tail behind, and a large hood
or sack on the back in which the baby was carried. An attempt ‘to
enter Cumberland Sound failed because of the heavy ice in the en-
trance. Crossing Davis Strait the Greenland coast was sighted on
August 1, and the following day we reached Godhaven, the capital of
the Danish Inspectorate of North Greenland, and were cordially re-
ceived by the Danish officials. Passing through the remarkable pas-
sage east of the island of Disco, known as the Vaigat, we entered
Umanak Fiord on the night of August 4. Here is to be seen some of
the finest scenery on the Greenland coast, and it was particularly im-
pressive on this calm arctic summer night when the sun only dipped
below the horizon for an hour. ‘The-‘‘Hope’’ left our party at the
village of Umanak, the principal settlement of the district, which was
to be our headquarters for several weeks, and where the vessel was
again to return for us after its trip further north. The village consists
of about 150 Eskimos and three Danish families. It was through the
courtesy of Governor Knuhtsen at Umanak that I was enabled to pur-
chase an Eskimo kayak which has been shipped to this institution.
In their management of their Greenland possessions the Danes have
followed a unique plan. There are about 10,000 Eskimos in Danish
Greenland. In each of the twelve districts there is usually a governor
and assistant in charge of the commercial affairs, and a Lutheran pas-
tor who cares for religious and educational matters. No other Danes
or foreigners are allowed to settle in Greenland. ‘lhe whole is under
direction of the Royal Greenland Board of Trade, a government bu-
reau in Copenhagen, which has a strict monopoly of the trade of
Greenland. Ships each year bring out supplies from Europe which
are sold to the Eskimos at but a slight advance over cost prices, and
fixed amounts are paid to the natives for the furs, oil, ivory, etc.,
which products are shipped to Denmark. All other trade along this
coast is prohibited. Every village has its church and school in which
the children are taught their own language and not Danish. ‘The
great majority can read and write and are Christianized, nominally at
least.
These Greenland Eskimos, although they have been in contact with
civilization for 250 years, have retained many of their original modes
of life. The more pure-blooded have smooth, round features and
frank, open countenances, are short in stature and have straight, black
hair. They live in flat-roofed houses built of rocks and turf, often
but a single room with a sleeping bench at one end, and a long, low
entrance for keeping out the cold in winter. In summer they often
live in tents, moving from place to place. They hunt the seal, walrus,
narwhal, reindeer, bear and smaller game. Much the most important
to them is the hair seal, furnishing them clothing, boat covering, tents,
oil and food. For the pursuit of this animal they have developed the
kayak and its many appliances, perhaps the most ingenious ever in-
vented by a primitive’ people. One of the feats of dexterity per-
formed in these frail boats is to turn over and right themselves again
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 361
without getting out of the boat and without getting a drop of water
into it. The language of the Eskimos is most peculiar and difficult
for a stranger to master. It is composed almost entirely of nouns and
verbs, and by suffixes and affixes to these the other parts of speech are
added. It is possible to express a long sentence with a single word.
The investigations of Rink have shown that all the Eskimos from
eastern Siberia to eastern Greenland have words in common, proving
the common origin of the race.
From Umanak several trips were made in small boats to the great
glaciers at the head of the Fiord. The largest of these is the Karajak.
The face of this glacier, from which the bergs break off into salt water,
has a width of about four miles, a height above the water of over 250
feet, and in the center moves with a velocity of from 20 to 35 feet per
day. A single iceberg breaking off from this glacier has been esti-
mated to contain 24,000,000 cubic yards of ice. The breaking off
of a berg is always a most interesting sight because of the great noise
and commotion caused. The surface of a glacier near its front isa
mass of jagged pinnacles with deep crevasses between. Further up
the surface becomes smoother, and finally, back on the distant horizon,
can be seen the smooth, white plain of the great ice-cap which covers
Greenland. A climb to the summit of a 3,000-foot mountain near its
edge gave a grand view of the inland ice and the glacial work along
its border. That this ice sheet was once more extensive than it is
now is proved by the rounded outlines and glacial scratches found
even to the summit of the coast mountains. On the other hand the
climate of Greenland must, at one time, have been very much warmer.
In the vicinity of Umanak Fiord coal deposits and the fossils of semi-
tropical trees are found. Notwithstanding the nearness of the ice-cap
the present climate in Greenland is much milder than that on the oppo-
site side of Davis Strait. In the fiords the summer is moderate and
pleasant. Wherever there is soil there is an abundance of wild flow-
ers and grasses, but no trees. A curious meteorological fact is that the
F6hn wind which blows directly off the ice-cap, always brings the
warmest weather, said to be due to its sudden descent from the ele-
vated interior.
The ‘‘ Hope’’ called for us at Umanak on September 9. Our home-
ward journey followed much the same course we had come over. We
encountered the only storm of the voyage in crossing Davis Strait.
Off Cape Mercy the ‘‘ Hope’’ was caught in a heavy ice pack in
which she was held for three days. Finally the ice loosened and the
ship reached open water in Cumberland Sound. ‘Two days were
spent in the vicinity of Blacklead Island, a Scotch whaling station
with a large Eskimo settlement. From here we brought to America an
English missionary and the agent of an American whaling station,
the latter bringing with him over a ton of bone taken from a single
whale. The return from Cumberland sound was without incident save
some beautiful auroral displays at night, and we landed at Sydney on
September 26.
362 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
As to the special work on which I was engaged on this trip, only a
few remarks will be added. At each of the stopping places where
time permitted [ made magnetic observations, determining the deviation
of the compass needle from true north, the dip of the dipping needle,
and the force of the earth’s magnetism. Two of these stations were so
near the magnetic north pole of the earth that the dipping needle
stood within six degrees of the vertical. We were so far to the east
of the magnetic pole that at Umanak the compass needle pointed nearly
west. The horizontal magnetic force in these regions is very weak
on account of the great dip, so that magnetic disturbances caused con-
siderable changes in the needle, a change of four degrees being noted
in a single day at one point. For the same reason the ship’s com-
passes were very irregular. At some of these places magnetic obser-
vations have been made by earlier expeditions. A comparison of our
results with theirs will aid in the study of the change in the earth’s
magnetism, which is continually in progress. At several points I also
made pendulum observations for the measurement of the force of grav-
ity. This force increases from the equator to the poles, and following
the theorem of a French mathematician, Clairaut, we are able to com-
pute the amount of flattening at the poles of the earth by comparing
the force of gravity at different latitudes. The variations in this force
also have an important bearing on various theories that have been ad-
vanced as to the condition of the earth’s crust, and thus far may be
said to point to the truth of the equilibrium theory, which supposes
that the earth’s crust is in a sort of floating condition, and that all
general elevations on the surface are high because they are supported
by ligter material beneath, and that depressed areas are low because
they are heavy. By a well-known law the time of oscillation of a
pendulum will be proportional to the square root of the force of grav-
ity, so that if we compare the time of oscillation at different places we
will obtain the relation of the force of gravity. For this purpose it is
necessary to ascertain the time of a single swing within a few mil-
lionths of a second, and to accomplish this successfully an elaborate
instrumental outfit is necessary. ‘The chronometers used must also
be rated by careful astronomical observations. The results of this
work will be published in the Zechnology Quarterly at Boston, and
also by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, which furnished
the necessary instrumental outfit, and with which the writer is con-
nected.
The lecture was fully illustrated by maps and charts, with many arti-
cles of Eskimo manufacture, raiment, etc.
November 27, 1896 — REGULAR MEETING.
President Hammatt in the chair; four members present.
The Curator reported the donation by Mr. George R. Putnam of an
Te
Sig
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 363
Eskimo kayak, together with all the appliances used by the native
Eskimo in hunting and fishing. On motion it was
Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. George R. Putnam
for the recent interesting and instructive lecture delivered by him before
the Academy, on his trip to Northern Greenland with the Peary Expedition
of the past summer; and for the gift of an Eskimo kayak, procured by
him at Umanak, Greenland, with equipments complete for the capture of
seal, etc.
On motion, the matter of devising a better system for the preserva-
tion of the Academy archives was referred to the Publication Com-
mittee, to report at the next meeting.
December 26, 1896.—REGULAR MEETING.
(Adjourned from December 25.)
President Hammatt in the chair; five members present.
The Curator’s report showed donations to the Musem as follows :
From Mrs. C. C. Parry, a large miscellaneous collection of minerals,
corals, curios, and Indian work listed under sixty different headings
and numbering several hundred specimens; from Major G. P. Mc-
Clelland, two corals from the Bermudas ; from Capt. W. P. Hall, two
stone axes, one celt, two small hematite axes and twenty-six flint im-
plements, with one fine celt from Ray Willard.
A vote of thanks to the several donors was passed.
The following report on measures for the better preservation of
the Academy archives was presented and adopted :
The Publication Committee, to whom was referred the consideration of
means for the better preservation of official reports, etc., pertaining to the
Academy Proceedings, would respectfully recommend —
First—That all reports, resolutions, and other proceedings to be pre-
served as original archives, should be reguired in writing on uniform sheets
to be kept at hand by the Curator; and that its title, date and signature
should accompany each document.
Second.—That the Curator’s monthly report should include, together with
all matters more directly pertaining to the museum, the enumeration not
only of visitors and door receipts as at present, but the enumeration of cor-
respondence and additions to the library as well, so that the Corresponding
Secretary and Librarian need only report when matters of especial interest
give occasion to do so.
Third.— That the Treasurer's annual report should include the balanced
account of the publication fund for the year, as submitted by the Chairman
of the Publication Committee.
Fourth.— That no original papers should at any time be entrusted to re-
364 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
porters or other unauthorized persons, to be taken from the building ; and
that the Recording Secretary should be instructed to return all such docu-
ments, so soon as he shall have transcribed them, into the custody of the
Curator, to be by him classified and kept in a desk provided for this especial
purpose. Respectfully submitted,
Mary L. D. PUTNAM,
W. H. BARRIS,
C. H. PRESTON.
for the Committee.
The Secretary read a communication from Mrs. Margaret W.
Holmes, under date December 8, 1896. Accompanying the letter was
a check for twenty-five dollars from herself and daughter with the fol-
lowing note:
“Twenty-five dollars to be used in some practical way for the comfort
and convenience of the frequenters of the Academy, to remind them of their
friend and associate, William H. Holmes.”
A vote of thanks was extended to the donor and President Ham-
matt, Dr. Barris and C. E. Harrison were appointed a committee to
expend the money in accurdance with the wishes expressed.
The Committee on Revision of the Membership List were, on re-
quest, granted further time to complete the work.
The following communication, embodying a report of the results of
the Glazier expedition of 1891 to determine the true source of the
Mississippi River, was presented by Mr. C. E. Harrison and referred
to the Publication Committee :
TO THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES.
On July 13, 1891, a letter was received from Capt. Willard Glazier
expressing the desire that a member of this Academy join an expedition
that he was organizing to go to the headwaters of the Mississippi dur-
ing the month of August. At the solicitation of a number of officers
and members of the Academy I accepted Capt. Glazier’s invitation and
accompanied him and his genial party. On my return I rendered a
verbal report descriptive of the expedition. Now, however, as the
PROCEEDINGS of the Academy from January, 1889, to the present time
are to be published, it seems desirable and perhaps of historic import-
ance, that some record of this expedition, of which the Librarian of
the Academy was a member, should appear therein, and at the request
of the President I herewith ‘submit a brief statement in accordance
with notes taken at the time. It will be remembered that in 1881
Capt. Glazier, with a small party, made a trip to the Lake Itasca re-
gion and discovered thatthe true source of the great river did not lie
in Itasca. His party in meandering the shores of Itasca with the aid
SYNOPSIS OF PROCEEDINGS. 365
of their Indian guide found a stream entering the south-west arm,
through which they passed into a lake to the south, known to the In:
dians as Po-keg-a-mea. ‘This lake the party, after a thorough explora-
tion, determined to be the primal reservoir or true source of the great
river, and in honor of Capt. Glazier named it Lake Glazier. The
Captain does not pretend to have discovered this lake (neither did
Schoolcraft discover Itasca) but was the first to publish to the world
that the magnificent body of water, having a surface of 255 acres, and
a perennial stream of good depth and width flowing from it into Itasca,
is without doubt the true head of the river. It was to settle this much
mooted question that the second expedition — by far the largest ever
assembled for a like purpose — was organized.
Fourteen gentlemen responded to the invitation, assembling at Min-
neapolis, and on Monday, August 17th, commenced our journey by
rail to Park Rapids, stopping at all important towns ev voute. To give
a detailed description of our journey, which was full of pleasant sur-
prises and enjoyment, would consume much time and be unimportant
in this report. At Park Rapids three days were consumed in prepar-
ation for the journey through the wilderness. Teams being provided,
and canoes, tents, provisions and other necessary camp equipage loaded,
the start was made on Saturday morning, August 22. ‘The road, or
trail, from here to the head waters winds among the pine, and was as
‘bad as could be imagined, up and down steep inclines, over boulders
and fallen trees, through marshes and bogs, requiring the combined
strength of horses and men to pull through the mire or up the steep
inclines, and at all times the watchful care and utmost exertion of all
the party to save our caravan from destruction. All the difficulties,
however, were compensated for by the beauty of the forests and pic-
turesqueness of our train. On arriving at the shores of Itasca we em-
barked in our canoes to Schoolcraft’s Island, in the midst of Lake
Itasca, where we camped for the night. All of next day was occupied
in moving and preparing a permanent camp on the high land separ-
ating Lakes Itasca and Glazier. One incident of our camp-life was
the delivery of a sermon in front of the tents on Sunday afternoon by
Mr. John C. Crane, who was a licensed preacher of the Baptist faith.
It was without doubt the first religious service held at the headwaters.
During our stay we assisted the surveyors in measuring all the affluents
flowing into the south-west arm of Lake Itasca, and all those empty-
ing into Lake Glazier. In order to give details of the explorations as
briefly as possible I will copy the following report, which was made
upon our return to Park Rapids and signed by all of the party who
were engaged in the actual surveys and measurements :
PARK RAPIDS, MINNESOTA, September 2, I89I.
“ To Whom it May Concern :
“The undersigned were among the members of a party who visited the
region around Lake Itasca with Captain Willard Glazier for the purpose of
investigating it and ascertaining the facts concerning the head-waters of
the Mississippf River. The party, while invited by Capt. Glazier, were un-
der no obligations to him, directly or indirectly, and their purpose was (and
366 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
it was in accordance with Capt. Glazier’s wish) to see for themselves and
report impartially upon the facts ascertained by personal observation,
This statement has been formulated and is hereby presented without Capt.
Glazier’s knowledge.
“ Two streams were found entering the south-west arm of Lake Itasca,
one to the south-west, known as Nicollet Creek ; the other to the south-east,
flowing from the Glazier Lake.
“ Nicollet Creek was traversed from its mouth up to Nicollet’s first and
second lakes. The creek was still further traced until its source was found
in a number of springs, to the south-east of which is a ridge varying in height
from 25 to 4o feet. The distance from Lake Itasca to these springs was
chained and found to be 7,307 feet, this being the remotest distance, in that
direction, of running water. The ridge was ascended and crossed to Nicol-
let’s Third Lake, so called, and the region beyond traversed for several
miles. The stream flowing from the Glazier Lake to Lake Itasca was
chained, also the Glazier Lake and its tributaries were followed up and
chained. There are five tributaries to this lake, which is 1,100 feet from
Lake Itasca, as follows: On the east side, 50 feet from the bank, a spring
flows in a cascade to the lake. Deer Creek is 6,864 feet long. Excelsior
Creek is 8,778 feet long, making the distance from its source through the
Glazier Lake 14,106 feet. Horton Creek is 1,188 feet long, flowing from a
lake two acres in area. Eagle Creek is 4,356 feet long, flowing from Lake
Alice (924 feet long), and Lake Alice has a tributary 1,518 feet long. The
distance of the most remote running water from Lake Itasca, flowing through
the Glazier Lake to Itasca (the source of Excelsior Creek) is 6,779 feet more
than the distance from Lake Itasca of the most remote running water flow-
ing into Itasca through Nicollet Creek. The Glazier Lake has an area of
255 acres. Itisa clearly defined body of water, many times larger and more
imposing than any or all of the bodies of water emptying into Lake Itasca
through Nicollet Creek. Investigation and observation lead us to the con-
clusion that the basin drained by the feeders to the Glazier Lake and emp-
tying into Itasca at the south-east corner of the south-east arm is larger
than that drained by the stream emptying into the south side of the south-
west arm, and that running water can be traced at a much greater distance
from the outlet of the Glazier Lake into Lake Itasca than from the other
outlet referred to, Signed,
JOHN C. CRANE. DANIEL S. KNOWLTON.
C. E. HARRISON. FRED J. Trost.
A. MUNSELL. W.S. SHURE.
A. W. WHITNEY.”
The above presentation gives an idea of the work done and results
accomplished. Each member of the expedition has placed in the
hands of Capt. Glazier a letter fully endorsing his claims as the discov-
erer of the source of the great river. C EB Harmon
Davenport, December 25, 1806.
N
PLATE:
Radinotaton brevipenne, Thos.,n. gen. Male; a— upper view of head
and pronotum ; b —sternum.
Achurum sumichrasti, Sauss. Male; a—upper view of head and pro-
notum; b—sternum ; c—sternum, female.
Mermtria alacris, Scud. Male ; a—upper view of head and pronotum ;
b—sternum; c——Mermiria rostrata, n. sp., upper view of head and
pronotum ; d— inner apical spurs of the posterior tibiz.
Pseudopomala bracyptera, Scud. Female; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b—sternum.
Truxalis brevicornis, Linn. Male; a—upper view of head and pro-
notum ; b—sternum.
Proc. Dav. Acad_Nat. Sci. Vol. VL. PLI
A
v'
Syne
Liew
‘hh
De
7)
3bs #
anor
Miss A Simonds, cam luc et del Miss ALeverets, i
Heliotype Printing Co, Boston.
Jen kay Ned Ulslsl B
Napaia gracilis,n. sp.and gen. Male; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b—sternum; c—sternum, female ; d—lateral view of fe-
male.
Opeia obscura, Thos.,n. gen. Female; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b—sternum ; c—sternum, male.
Pedeticum obscurum, Scud.,n. gen. Female; a—upper view of head
and pronotum; b—sternum; c-——unequal inner apical spurs of the
posterior tibiz.
Eritettix virgatus, Scud. Female; a—upper view of head and pro-
notum ; b—sternum. :
Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner. Male ; a— upper view of head and pro-
notum ; b—sternum.
Proc, Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci Vol. VL. PLII
Mise AStmonds,cam Inc et del Miss ALeverets, del.
Uh
12.
133
14.
15.
16,
PLATE. Tt:
Amphitornus bicolor, Thos.,n. gen. Male ; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b—sternum.
A kentetes unicolor, n. sp. and gen. Male ; a—-upper view of head and
pronotum ; b — sternum.
Amblytropidia occidentalis, Sauss. Male ; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b —sternum. .
Chloéaltis conspersa, Harr. Male ; a—upper view of head and prono-
tum ; b—sternum.
Dichromorpha brunnea, Scud. Female; a— upper view of head and
pronotum; b—sternum. j
Chlinocephalus elegans, Morse. Male; a—upper view of head and
pronotum.
PLIL
Proc, Dav. Acad. Nat. Ser Vol. V1.
15a 16a
Miss A Simonds, cam. luc et del
Miss ALeverett, del
Heliotype Printing Co, Boston.
18.
19.
PLATE, TV.
Orphula orizaba, n. sp. Female — upper view of head and pronotum ;
a— Orphula tepanicas, Sauss. Female, upper view of head and prono-
tum; b— Orfhula olivacea, Morse. Female, upper view of head and
pronotum; c— Orphula speciosas, Scud. Female, upper view of head
and pronotum ; d— Orfhuda decora, n. sp., upper view of head and
pronotum.
Alpha occipitalis, Thos. Male; a—upper view of head and pronotum ;
b— sternum.
Philibostroma quadrimaculata, Thos. Female; a—upper view of head
and pronotum ; b— sternum.
Boipedon nubilum, Say. Male ; a— upper view of head and pronotum;
b— sternum.
21. Plectrophorus viatorius, Sauss.,n. gen. Male ; a—upper view of head
and pronotum ; b—sternum ; c-—sternum, female.
Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci Vol VL PLY
Z
Sell
RCE ED
ee a
Cue Lene
LS WHC came
E 2iba me ice
Miss ALeverett, del
Miss ASimonds,cam.luc et dei
Helintype Pranting Co, Boston.
Pia...
Mecostethus lineatus, Scud. Male; a—upper view of head and pro-
notum ; b—sternum; a. f., anal field; r. f., radial field; c. f., costal
field; d.a., discoidal area; u. a., ulnar area.
Bootettix argentatus, Bruner. Male; a—upper view of head and pro-
notum ; b-—sternum; s. a., scapular area.
Ligurotettix coguilletti?, 1. sp. and gen. Female; a— upper view of
male, showing tegmina and expanded wings; b—sternum, female; c
sternum, male; m. v., mediastine vein; r. v., radial vein; a. r. v.,
m. r. Vv., p. r. v., anterior, median, and posterior radial vein ; 1. v., inter-
calary vein ; a. u. v., anterior ulnar vein; p. u. v., posterior ulnar vein ;
d. v., dividing vein; p. v., plicate veins.
Stenobothrus coloradensis, n. sp. Female ; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b — sternum ; c — Stenobothrus sordidus, 1. sp. Male, up-
per view of head and pronotum.
Brunneria shastana, Scud., n. gen. Male; a—upper view of head
and pronotum ; b —sternum.
PLY
"Proc. Dav, Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. V1.
my. p¥ dv, PUY. auly.ry. p.PV..M.nY. ary.
A
26a
Miss ASmmonds, cam. luc et del Miss ALeverett, del
Heliotype Printing Go, Boston
20.
30.
Bi:
PLATE-VI.
Gomphocerus clepsydrus, Scud. Male ; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b — sternum.
Pnigodes megocepha/a, n. sp. and gen. Male; a—upper view of head
and pronotum ; b— sternum.
Evremnus deorum, Scud., n. gen. Male; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b — sternum.
Stirapleura decussata, Scud. Female; a—upper view of head and
pronotum ; b—sternum ; c— Sérapleura texana, Scud. Side view.
Psoloéssa maculipennis, Scud. Male, upper view of head and pronotum;
a— Psoloéssa ferruginea, Scud. Female, upper view of head and prono-
tum; b——sternum, male.
Proc. Dav. Acad_Nat Sci Vol-Vi. PLVI
Mss ALeverert, él
Miss ASimands,cam lee et det.
Helintype Printing Co, Boston
INDEX.
BY O. H. PRESTON.
Page
A, A. A.S., See “ American.”
ABADIANO, Ref. to Discov. of Shell-
Gorget DN ocee ers Seat repre 176
ABORIGINAL Relics, Donation of .. 339
349
pinemains, Art..On Gited ....... 2 10
ACADEmy of Nat. Sci., Davenport,
Archeological Investigations
WNP Sopiciesk Sigler s ehonere okra ke eater
— — Archives, Preservation of .... 363
= — Kndowment,Plea for ........ 208
-- —, Historical Sketch of........ 311
—— keys, Disposition of...... 280; 300
— — Proceedings, Synopsis of..... 275
ene LAU CMASE WY. sesh ac atersyevase ells ets 22
—_—— Receipts, ACP REPAte Ly. ce ca% 2 277
—, Ref. fo Com. on Sci. Work of 280,
281
— —, — Opening of .............. 312
eee eT CLOOLS. ovis pnctals! eter ayeie' wii 344
— —, — Schoolwork of....281, 302, 305
—- —, — Purchase by.. : : Wee!
— —, — Revision of Fossils of. . 303
— —, River Carnival and......... 301
— —, Silver Anniversary of....... 311
—, University Extension and... 306
— —, Vivisection and..../........ 358
-—- —, World’s Fair and........... 320
=F alo eS epee ed oH ER RACH Wa Co en 209
— See also “Bulletin” and “Pro-
BPRS ek cel cie iia ees fe oan
ACANTHOCINUS odsoletius, Occur-
MEMORY SI isl Mans oe ate ats OREN + 159
ACANTHODERES decipiens, -— ..... 159
ACHLOPHORUS Promus, —........ 141
AcuuruM, Descript., Key and Ref. 201
— acridodes, IRuaipatop yO si lalo ea ae 203
— sumichrasti, Ref.and Hab..... 202
ACIDOTA subcarinata, Occurrence. 143
ACILIUS HiCdtatus,— lice wl 138
ACMCEOPS Prelensis, —.... 02.000. 157
IO KOLEUS yh. cided. dic a vo8d «oe o eheve ere 157
ACRIDID#, and Truxalinz........ 179
—, Key to Am. Sub-families ...... 180
ACTOBIUS, sP. 2ucog., Occurrence.. 141
ADALIA bifunctata, —........6... 144
ADAMS, CLAUDE L., Election as
BRERA NTOM Oeil sais woe daea's 358A
ADAMS County, Moundsin....... 56
ADAMS, WALKER, Ref. to Death-of 305
ADDRESS, “ Academy's Past and
Future,” PRAT DRUG a hen aca bhe 29)
[Proo. D. A.N.S8., Vol. VI.]
Page
ADDRESS, Inaugural— THOMPSON, 298
-— Pratt Farewell—THOMPSON.... 292
— — Presentation — HOLMES 292
— President’s Annual—HARRISON 276
McCowEN, 286, 296; THOMP-
SON, 304; ALL EN, 316, 328, 338;
FR AMIMAT IN. dare tisee 80 a apuyeepeaane
— Ref. to Presentation,. Sid eG
— Silver Anniversary — McCowEN 311
ADELOCERA aurorata, Occurrence 149
— brevicornts, 149
ADONUS COSCURUS Aaa) aed Se ake 160
AGABUS @1001lUS, 20... cece tee 137
— ANLATACINUS, Koi cece cece ecute 137
Sat COMERS hie aahadie ale even bla nok erent 137
= FILLET SEELUS Pe Wa Cis cael cou aehe 137
TLOCOSUS R= Weir assaf cicralel ae AT 137
— NLZVORNEUS, ——. eee eden taes 137
——= DOSOLELUS i — sd cereale tt ee ne athe 137
> FECICULALUS | 8a cdr aeeloti chase peer 137
— Semipunclatus, — 0. ceeecccess 137
Fe LAL LIUIS mS hun Whe a taekere Sree tA,
<= ECU MAT LL ADL tales. wen carats steneetts 12
- Sp. identified'by Horny. 2000) 130
AGASSIZ Assoc., meetings Of ei 285
— —, Workers from’.............. 279
— ALEXANDER, cited by McNeill. 184
— ss) Ref, tO; WOTK Oe Paice hoe eae 125
AGATHIDIUM, Occurrence on Fungi 126
— deppor Hie, QCCUITEN CE. 2/5). ace 140
OM INCOLULES, ae te Nd sien Sela eI 140
AGONODERUS Pallifes, —......... 135
SS ATLLAPLUS eed ie rah Pusu ee or tee 135
AIGREVUGIQIUNCU Sa — ne ae elaine 152
= DELIM ARLHS aiken Mineiro sien ati 152
= VOHMULALUS n= nicratt cigs ebsrateqape dane 152
Se OLZOS US cues munca pean aie? Pare crores wie 152
SY LOL On aoe te MIE ED ICIAP TE RE, OCIA 152
AGRIOTES /UCOSUS, — . 6. cece eee eee 149
— PELOSWS = — Cio Ws adie: ecole sole, 9,ate othe eke 150
— PUDESLEIES > ING ele a eih c ee tcamrelenes 149
SLAG LLIS a | Naoko Sivas ene ko ea ata 149
AHRENS, GEORGE AND W., Dona-
MLOTLSHE OM Mitte 2G et nemtin tees 287
AKENTETUS, Descript. and Occur-
GEM CE rentetes rev aration oteraete tens 225
— unicolor, Descript.............. 225
ALASKA and Circumpolar Regions, — -
Ref.to Catalogue of Coleopt, of
128; 129
ALBANY, ILL., Ref. tomounds near 317
ALDRICH, CHARLES, Ref. to
[March 16, 1897.)
see eee
(367)
~ 368
pa ik bee tins oe
aes 9 it ae aN
2 ET
- : Page
ALEOCHARA bimaculata, Occur-
TSTMS Paes Meta el nite is a Peiis.isl wiede's nia tehs e 140
ALEXANDER, W.E.,, Ref. to Art. ba I
ALICE, LAKE, IGENtGer. eke Less 366
ALLAMAKEE Co., Mounds in...... 56
ALLANDRUS tifasciatus,Occurrence 169
ALLEN Farm, Mounds on......... 114
ALLEN, W. L., Appointment on
Committees: “Ben Hur” 320,
Finance 299, Library 308, Mu-
SeumuelMterestowe eras) sherk of 5807
—, Election as President ...... BIG, a327.
Ee MUUStOE a ascicees peas aN oars 296, 338
Pate VOCE TES iio ce tc ities aoe» 295, 307
—, President’s Address by..... 316, 328
pee, CITC OG. ye MON a eee ches 338
EIS 0o., Cited Dy Starr’... oi. ¢ o> 19
ALPHA, Descript. 245, Ref.and Key 246
— cinerea, Ref. and Key...:...... 24a”
— crenulata, — — ... 00. eceeeee 247
— occipitalis., Ref. 246, Hab....... 247
AMBLYTROPIDIA, Descript. Ref.
MISE cord 2 on aie ates hey tee Seep 226
— auriventris, Ref. and Hab...... 227
— occidentalis, —— 2.02.6 eee ee 227
AMARA exarata, Occurrence...... 132
See P UE EE CLF ESF She wae nh iy e's Wy ole 132
A PUSCULUS. ais ales Sites Sh eke sie 133
3 CAA SSA Se ee on oe 3
FW OLLLL go sae Daeii Seis otk A gies ae 133
— Seprentrionalis, —........-25-+ 133
sp Ldent, by FLOM sc... es 130
AMERICAN Assoc. for the Adv. of
Science, Appointment of Dele-
eitectOies eee. te eer at 291, 358B
— Proceedings cited by Starr..... 4,
— —, List of Arts. in by Parry 46
— Ent. Soc., Proc. cited by MeNeili 189
— Entomologist, CES th nine aoe kt 345
— Miss. Nat. Hist., Bulletin cited.. 184
— See also “Anthropologist,” “An-
tiquarian ” and “Archeologist.”
AMERICANISTES, Cong. Internat.,
dese; Proc. + Cited Goer eek ee 54
Ve tOAmeetine Ole wee se ees tere 343
AMOEN. Acad., cited by McNeill .. 182
AMPHITORNUS, Descript. 223, Key .22
= ECOLOP \REL..294, Elab wie oboe 22
—ornatus, Ref.Descript. and Occur. 225
Anaspis flavipennis, Occurrence.. 165
ALON ON sd sate archon cd om telgre ae 165
NUS Ch mh Py en ajate te Sel oe sites
ANATIS 15-functata, — ........... 144
ANDALUSIA, Donations from. . .349, 350
ANDRESSEN, H. H., Election as
irusteescr.
ANDREWS, L. W., Minute of Lec-
CULE DYN aces eerie seek 358
ANTIQUARIAN, Am., cited by Starr, 1, 3
ANDROCHIRUS erythropus, Occur.
ANISODACTYLUS baltimoriensis, —
— discoideus, —— ....... eae ove ina
— harrissti, —
— rusticus, —
— S€VICEUS, 2... wee Sa, 4 cae
— terminatius, — ay
ANISOSTICATA strigata, Occurrence
ANISOTOMA asstmtlis, — ....0. 000s
ANNALS of Iowa, cited by Starr...
10, 13, 16, 21, 22,
ANNALS del. Mus Civ. di Genova, _
cited by McNeill... 0.2.2 em tae sae
ANNUAL Meetings, D. ALN. Sy 276, 293
314, 324, 334, 34
ANTHEROPHAGUS ochraceous, Oc- |
CUITENCE NT 52+ i... eee
ANTHICID Alyy worn gilt ete Seo SC
ANTHICUS cervinus, Occurrence...
—COFACTNUS, ao Se vs oh end ee;
flOFAltS Ros he dee eas roe Fan
— DPALIEMS, ee Neb ake at +. vl 27, aleanm
—="SPELUS; Tada eon ee Ree tee
— Sp. Ident. by Casey, —.......... 0
ANTHOBIUM fothos, Occurrence... es ’
ANTHOCOMUS ertchsont, —...... se
ANTHONOMUS rufipennis, — a ee
=. scutellatus, — 0054 ia eee ih
— SigMALUS, —....2- cane eee ee ee Oa
ANTHRENUS US@OYUM, —...... bas 48) me
ANTHRIBIDAE?). o.i0% glsseaee 5 oe
ANTHROPOLOGIST, Am., cited by
Starr vi 6L 2b As ee 12,
= ‘Refsto Art. im... tase 17%
4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 54, 555
— Davenport Relicsand...... eee Be
== IRefatolATissam ose 7,
ANTIQUITIES, Bibliography of |
lowa— STARR... ..... 0.2.0... 80
FATOAN DRT Dea coca sister a chegeieics wate antes 168
CALIFORNIA Acad. of Sci., see ““Bul-
letin.”
CALLIDIUM aztennatum, Occur... 156
CALLIMOXYS sanguinicollis, —.... 156
SEATEMOTD ES) 272007125) -—5\. ssa ee ee 156
CALOCHROMUS ferfaceta, —...... 153,
CALOSOMA calidum, — ....-.....+ 131
PAO LOWE eo oes kh ak i ese eee. 131
CALATHUS vregarius, —........4. 133
— tmipunctatus, —.... eee eee eee elag
CALVIN, SAMUEL, Appointment on
Ba Goma eo kota 308, 320, 328, 356
Se wanetter ALOM QUOTE. \i.5 20.5 56 309
SUR Clee ATG DY y ia isy ae eases eearees 4
—, — to Communication from. 282
—, — to Excursion proposed by.. - 306
—, — to as Memb. of Pub. Com... 314
371
Page
CALVIN, SAMUEL, Ref. to Univ. Ex.
Lects. by
SC i er rd
CAMPBELL, JOHN, — — —........
CAMPYLUS denticornis, Occurrence 150
CANADA, Distrib. of Beetles in .... 127
12
—-, Geolog. Surv. of, Ref. to....... che
CANDA) PG, cited by Starr ys seen 19
CANIFA fadllip~es, Occurrence ...... 164
CARABUD AEN S555. ve cb iacw ae Seeks 130
CARDIOPHORUS convexulus, —.... 149
CARMAN’S Woops, Mounds near. . 79
CARNIVAL, River, Visitors to Mu-
SCUMINAINGE ste sone ci eee 301
CARPOPHILUS brachyflerus, Occur, 147
PEE SIO eA seh hel dig ets ay SN 147
CARVINGS from Mounds, Henshaw
SMM One HAs: antec 10
—, Instructions as to Search for... 345
—, Occur. of, Pipes, Tablets, etc... 68,
80, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, IOI,
108, 110, III, 132, 113, 115, 118
Cases, Purchase\of. 2.22 ob. yhaagre 278
tO WiICKEVA MS ras fetes attests 130
CASSIS madagascarensis, Occur-
rence in Mounds....... 94, 105, 115
CATALOGUE, Card, Ref. to 285, 304, 325,
eR 329, 348, 354
—, Derm. Salt., cited by McNeill... 185
—, Insects of Mass., — —...... 185, 186
CATFISH CREEK, Mounds near.... 70
CATLIN, GEO., cited on Sacs and
Boxes STARR i. seen
CAULFIELD, B. F., cited by McNeill 185
CAVES near New ‘Albin, Ref.tor 2460
CEDAR RAPIDS, Mounds near .... 87
CELETES éasa/és. Occurrence..... 152
CEMENT Floor, Ref. to Contract for.358B
CENTENNIAL Assoc., Woman’s, and
DeAGN.S. brocéedinos sce BAIN
CENTRODERA @ecolorata, Occur... 157
CENT. Ins. Rar., cited by McNeill. 185
CENTURY Magazine, Estimate of
DryiGe Party sks. see 38
CENT. Orthopt., cited by McNeill... 185
GEPHAT. ODD A) iy okene See 164
CEPHALOON /epfurides, Occurrence 164
CERAMBY CEDAS J occa. ho oesice aon 156
CERCYON aza/e, Occurrence ...... 139
St OCCU GLUT, AP Fae a cf yatee waite 139
-— pretextatum, Sa SP le ath See 139
CHRUCHUS: AZCE72S aah iartyetcke ass Vie tes
CERRO GoRDO Co., Mounds in.... 62
CERYLON castaneum, Occurrence... 145
CHTOCNEMA 7rregularis, —..... 162
== DY OLEMSAS —Sriic dk ba tae eames ats 162
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
372
: Page
CHALCOPHORA w7rgiiiensis, —.... 151
CHAPMAN, W.A., Art. by — “ An-
cient Grooved Rocks in Ark-
MISA Ua hacirci ny alah Me apseveie phate 2
CHARIESSA P2/osa, Occurrence.... 154
CHARLES City, Mounds near....70, 77
CHAUTAUQUA Plan recommended. 286
CHEENEY, D., Ref. to Entertain-
MICU Vee heels Sean evn spires see 331
CHELYMORPHA argus, Occurrence. 162
CHEMISTRY, Minute of Lecture
on — GUDEMAN .............. 355
CHEROKEE Co., Mounds in........ 63
CHICAGO Journal, see “ Journal.”
—— University,Ref. to Gorget i in “Ry-
ELSOMCOlecCthlou vations «cys oe 176
CHICKASAW Co., Mounds in ...... 63
CHILOCORUS é2vulnerulus, Occur. 144
CHINESE, Prob. early Presence of
AU MTAV CTI Cale cacar teh one hreesie satel sie 28
— elegans, Ref. and Hab.......... 233
CHLANIUS fennsylvanicus, Occur. 135
SC OGICHALS Nam foie No beast ts Aare ahaha hern gi 135
SILOMILILLOSUS, =e a tic 0 «4!0 shel ec wet 135
CHLAMNIS plicata, —.......0..... 160
CHLOEALTIS, Descript. 227, Ref.
MEG Vir es incite eam bale crates 228
— abdominalis, Ref.229, Hab...... 230
— conspersa, Ref. 228, Hab....... 22
CHOLEVA basi//arts, Occurrence .. 140
See OLCORMIS :=— "eens ats «ey 8 Gane e 140
EL PILUILANS —. fo Wawa ncttee dean ole ee 140
CHRYSOBOTHRIS dentif~es, —...... 152
GLO TAL A asides cad ethe\e de tog eteiinae 152
— SCADTIPENNIS, —.... veces er eeeees 152
CHRYSOCHUS auratus, —.......... 161
CHRSYOMELA elegans, — ......... 161
—— PUMIPUNCLALA, —. 0... cesses: 161
— philadelphica, — ........ sees 161
SIDI ES, Vom Sra. oi'e 5 ie adsrets whee: hieisieeene 161
CHR SOME LTDA... somes asa 160
CHURCHILL, A. D., ReftoArt.by. 4
SIGIN DEL TIDE). sersjdoxes sole whit thera 130
CICINDELA /7zrticol//is, Occurrence. 130
OME TLAOFES, ——) ws asin ait oS soe we S10)
SGT TR Nes AD OCTET eee 130
SSG AL TT as PC OP Se 130
POWELL i — seat) 3) Mas ate VSR 3; teal 130
MTS RO EOP el RS Me SHOR TO 130
GiqO i OY. Oe Se ten aan iss SME, EAA 154
CIRCULAR OF Suggestion — STARR. 351
Ons) 002,, OCCULT ENGes. eee. 154
Schaap ee een ae 163
CLAIRAUT’S Theorem, Ref. to..... 362
CLARION, Mounds near........... 124
CLASSES, Pub.Sch., and Acad.Work 29!
CLAYPOLE, E. W., Ref. to Art. by. 4
CLAYTON cian Mounds in:........ 65
(CHEN SHEIA BY: DS 8 aA RR RRR uaa Ae 154
Page
CLERUS zchieumoneus, Occurrence 154
— guadriguttatus, — .... 6.00 ees 154
CLIFFLAND, Mounds near........ 1280
CLINOCEPHALUS, Descript.232, Ref. 233
68
CLINTON Co., Mounds in..........
CLYTANTHUS ruricola, Occurrence 157
CNEMOGONUS ecfilobiz, — ......... 168
COAL-PLANTS, Ref. to Lessons on. 291
COCCINELLA 9-wotata, Occurrence. 144
—= SQNLUINER, —o eist 8 cone 144
—— UF UEV SOLU CELUI , —— hee ae enn 144
TFL ASCLALD, =m, f82 ec ok eee 144
COCCINRELID R002: ) one 143
COCKERELL, Mr.—, Acknowledge-
ments to— WICKHAM ........ 128
CeLAMBUS zmpressopunctatus, Oc. 137
CGELIODES acephalius, —.......+.. 168
COLASPIS b7u7imed, —......- 20000 161
COLASTUS ¢runmcatus, —.......2... 147
COLEOPTERA, A List of, from the
Southern Shore of Lake Supe-
rior — WICKHAM ............. 125
—, Donation of a Collection of .... 350.
== LIStOb, Spe Clas tian. tone 125
= =, R|R £0 sc. cence oe ee 130
—., Presentation of Paper on...... 346
—_, Reb to Paper on sii eee 351, 356
CoLLETT, O. W,, Ref. to Exchange
With. 05 5% sulevie tena 281
COLLOPS vi¢fatus, ‘Occurrence oe GM
COLON masgincolle, shad oat at eee 140
CoLORADO, Coleoptera of, Works
on... - see 153
ELMER, A. W., Appointment on
“Ben, chur 4. COM). 55s" opera 320
~, — Mus. Com........... 308, 320, 356
—, Election as Rec. Sec... 319, 327, 338
—, = Reg: Memb. «ii. as cine oats 300
— et TUSSLE) a0. se-cieeste ree 300°
— = VicezPresi... 1. toad esis 355
= INEPORMAS INEG. SCC. nl cnet - +324, 347
=, World's Fair andi. o) sncmeente 322
Ex Paso, TEx., Donation {of Fos-
SIS SrOM te wo coat ean eee 350
Evy’s CREEK, Mounds near...... 120
EMMETT County, Mounds in...... 71
ENDOMYCHID 40.5.),0.. wets. sips oes 145
'
nt
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
Page
ENGELMANN and Parry .......... 4I
ENGLISH RIVER, Mounds near... 86
Ent. Am., cited by McNeill ...... 186
ENTERTAINMENTS, Ref. to 47, 49, 51, 52
ENTOMOLOGIST, Canadian, cited by
UE ich AN OP nas a oe eed ee 185
ENTOMOLOGY, Handbuch, — —... 186
—, N. Am. Ed. Lec., ——......... 186
EPIORNIS maximus, Cast of Egg
(GYOLNENNECG LAE oe Si ee 350
EPUR#A avara, Occurrence...... 147
SMO PAHSOPLED, Weal) son's 3s ok adic we, 4s 147
EM BLUM ALS "25 bc ve se. 0 fal oa cals « 147
—truncatella, =. We cee eee cee. 147
ERCHOMUS ventriciu/us,Occurrence 142
EREMNUS, Descript. 267, Key ..... 268
a decorum, Ref. and Hab.. 268
— scudders, Ref.,Descript. and Hab. 269
ERITETTIX, Descript. 217, Ref. and
Key SBR ts)
— abor Lye Ref. ‘and Hab.. Scie 220
— CATINALUS, — ee cee ewe cee 219
— naviculus, — —........404. 44+. 220
STA ee ee 219
— tricarinatus, ——..........00.. 219
— variabilis, —— . SetAvah SL 216
-— virgatus, Ref. 218, Hab.......:. 219
EROS aurora, Occurrence......... 152
Reed REPLLUIS) — asthe olavins ohare "a¥e\e'=}sren0) ats 152
ee TEAL es Ee a Ae 152
Be EU ES oe 2 rhe ays bee dime as Ds 152
RUMOUR ELEC US Cin coheed als se 0 oes 152
RCC UNS PLN IS $5212) raids loisre tsa a jaePee > 145
ERRATA, Corrections and Additions
to Bibliography of Iowa Antig. 53-6
—, Synopsis of Proceedings :
—, for William Riepe read Wil-
liam Renwick
—, for E.F. Squires read E.G.Squier
—, for E. G. Foote-Sheldon read S.
G. Foote-Sheldon
—, for S. D. Sheldon read D.S. Shel-
175
279
285
a uaa Oe ee eae 314
—, for J.T. McClean read J. P. Mc-
Clean
—, for J.H.Udden read J. A. Udden,
and for $127.93 read $107.93.... 334
Eskimo, Description of — PUTNAM. 359,
318
Ce ee
360
—, Ref. to Language of........... 361
ETHNOL., Zeitschrift fiir, cited....21, 54
ETHNOLOGY, Bureau of, see “ Re-
ports.”
EUCINETUS ferminadlis, Occurrence 148
EUPOGONIUS fomentosus, —........ 159
RUSS MAUL EA —— ics srs es fe ala as 168
EUASTHETUS, SP..72C0g.,.:........ I4I
EUSTROPHUS repandus,— ........ 164
EVANS, S: B., cited by Starr....... 19
[Proo D. A.N.8., Vol. VI.]
47
375
Page
EVANS, S. B., Ref to Arts. by...... 6, 54
EVENING Star, Washington, cited
TIVE EGET (Eee ite ss /acnt eee 21
EXCEDSTOR Creek} Ref; tos) oe, 366
FABRICIUS, J. C., cited by McNeill. 186
FAIRFIELD, Mounds near. ........ 82
FALAGRIA dissecta, Occurrence ... 140
ASD} TUCO Dts te een tie abate ade 140
PARLEY, Mounds near s.6 1.03) ce. 70
FARNSWORTH, P. J., Ref. toArts.by 7
FARQUHARSON, R. J., cited on Tab-
1GtSS Aes ice De pies toe 318
==, Ret. to Arts by eos ede 7h
—, to: Death obs s25.2 2 vate ee 305
—, —toas Memb. of First Pub.Com 326
FAUNA, IN: ZAn SeRIG i tOvnee rae 188
FAUNE Entom., Can., — — ....186, 189
FERNALD, C. H., cited by McNeill. 186,
188
FickE, C. A., Appointment on Fi-
nance Gomes ta ne asters 308, 320
— Monation trou scm doers se) eects 358
= Milection ast Prustee.2 to). one 331, 338
<=, Wetter IrGihtinas ve saees ee teen 358
—, ’ Mrs.C.A. ,Elect.as Reg. Memb 357
FIRE, Evidence of in Mounds..... 575
58, 60, 63-4-5, 68-9, 73-4-5-6, 79, 81-2-
3-4, 86-7-8-9, 90-1-2-3-4, 97, 99, 100-I-
2-3-4-5-6.7-8, I11-12, 115, 120-1-2-3-4
—, Uniform Shrinkage by......... 336
FISCHER, L. H., cited pi McNeill. 186,
FIsu, JOHN D.,Ref.to as Electrician 358
FLINT Implements, see “Hall”
(Donations) and “Mounds” (Oc-
currence).
FLORIDA, Donations from «333, 339, 349
== ELMO NCIIGSHEFOME teas eae ee 349
—, Worked Shells in Mounds of... 357
FLoyp, Mounds DEAR. cco inne tate 78
ELoy Db; Co,,Moundssint. 7 sos28 71
— Creek, Mounds near . 79
FLUTED ‘Scale, Ref to introduc. of. 345
FOHN Wind, Ref. to..........+.-. 361
FOOTE-SHELDON, Miss S. G., Ap-
pointment on Mus. Com . .299, 308,
320, 35
—, Election as Rec. Sec....... 276, 286
“= ; Report ds, IEE eG oss 284, 293
FORNAX orchesides, Cicadas 2 44g
Fort DODGE, Mounds MEAT Werke 124
ForT MADISON, — —...........-- 87
FossIxs, Donations of ....280, 293, 349
-—in D.A.N.S.Mus., Ref.to Revis.
. 303, 315
—, Occur. of at Umanak Fiord.... 361
{March 19, 1897.]
ee ee
376
: Page
FOSTER, J. W., cited by Starr.....
FOUCAULT'S Experiment,illustrat’d 287
FRANCIS, CHARLES, Elec. as Reg.
ANlreh 08) yay SANT eI or ea SR PS 358A
FRANKLIN Furnace, N.J.,Ores from 332
FRENCH, GEO. H., Donations from 278
—, Ref.toas Memb.of firstPub.Com. 326
—, — as first Mover in Mound Expl. 317
SEA CaEOH DJG che) Bh i eee Re 279, 305
FT. ANCIENT, Ohio, Ref. to....... 319
FuLToNn, A. C., Donation from....358A
BUETON, Ac R., cited, by starr... 8
=) H.C. ‘Appointment on Pub.Com. 299
—-, Election as Trustee.. 276
—,—, Removal from City...... "308, 307
eee ey weds LO LAL. DY ici wctss ae suse 2A
—, —, Report as Librarian......+. 275
FURNACE, Ref. to Purchase of..346, 347
FURNACES, Stone, Occurrence.... 59
GALERITA fanus, Occurrence..... 134
GALERUCA cavicollis, —..\..:...4: 161
SS LCCOLO Hs Nath S Sie hae aie ainkel Molen: 161
GALLIARD, ISAAC, cited by Starr.. 8
GARDEN Hutton, Donation from. 348
GARMAN, H., cited by McNeill.... 186
GARNAVILLO, Mounds near....... 67
GARRETSON, JOHN, Ref. to Arts. by 3, 8
GASES, Highly Rarified, Lect. on—
, ANDREWS Ser Lr ou neeire peice
ASS, 43, Reb tor Arts Dye eosin 8,9
GASTROIDEA folygoni, Occurrence 161
GAUROTES cyanifennis, —......... 157
— —, Preference for Sumac ...... 127
GAZETTE, Botanical, Ref. to Art.
ATV ATRIA. es eter oases ei 47
--, Davenport, List of Arts in by
AER OD Si Ps RN eC tara eas es Xe)
GEISLER, Emit, Election as Reg.
Iie} WO ys sume Nii wcll TAN RAS 357
GEODERCES melanothrix, Occur... 166
GEOLOGIST, Am., cited by Starr...9, 15
GEOLOGY, Announcement of Paper
OnE HAVES sistent ehie ie mate 310
—, Ref. to Lects. 306,to Paper on . 351
GEORGIA, Gorgets found in....... 173
GEOPINUS z#crassatus, Occurrence. 135
GEOTRUPES blackburniz, Occur... 155
Gropp Moundsimeares.\.. a. 02. 109
EACLE RY Description Of). enki 301
GLASs,C. D.,Reportas Treas.,Abstr. 276
GLAZIER, WILLARD, Communica-
ELON THOMA mists ca teue ease et cetees 300
—, Rept. on Exped. of—HARRISON 364
GLENWooD, Moundsnear....... 6, IOI
GLYPTINA, dvunnea, Occurrence... 162
WB 5
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Satis oT)
GOMPHOCERUS, Descrip., Ref. and _
Key ae G2 ai eens
— clavatus, Ref. and Descript., 2653 :
aD ee he ore ee x
— clepsydra, Ref. and Hab......:.-
GONIOCTENA fadlida, Occurnsnees
GONOTROPIS gzbbosus, —......... 16
GORDIA,Retsto Gasser ere
GORGET from Mexico, A Shell —
STAR Ri Gk orn ag een emai ete
— “Douglass” 174, from Morelia
178, in Ryerson, Col.Univ. Cha.
GORGETS, Aztec origin, 176; De-
eee. ee 4; Holmes cited —
GRANT, eee M., Donation from. “39 Ag
GRAPHODERES cinereus, Occur..
GRAPHOPS Pubescens, —..........
GRAY, ASA, Naming of Peak for.. 40
—, Ref. to Death ‘of... Shas 279.
GREENLAND, Lect. on Exped. to—
PUG NIAMS is eyscctatatn sonora rathine :
se Climate of ana eee ere So
—, Danish Management of .......
Groovep Rocksin Ark— CHAPMAN
==) MRED TOMS Ne Sytner eae AAS
GUDEMAN, E. ; Appointm't on Mus. ;
Gomme Ee Ree ee
—, Election as Reg. Memb........ ,
—, Metric System and........-. i
—, Minute of “Lect byron
GUNNING, W.OD., Ref. to Death SE.
GUTTENBERG, Mounds NEAT sense
Guyot, ARNOLD, Peak named for.
Gwynn, O. J., Elect.as Reg.Memb.
GYMNUSA $érevicol/is, Occurrence .
GY RIND Bo); oto ae cle reer fe
GYRINUS affinis, Occurrence......
— mMaculiventris, i... ce cececees
— MINUTUS, — oer eee eees wba es
= VENEF ALIS, Se Tsien eee
GYROPHENA obo). heals PT ses é
HACKBERRY, Mounds near........
HADROBREGMUS fumilus, Occur. .
HAINES, Mrs. M. P., Ref. to Dona-
tion froma a Ak = ae eee 3
Hair Snake (gordia), Ref. to......
HALIOLITES 272s, Donation of..
TIAL IPLID AS ho So ae ieee
HALIPLUS ruficollis, Occurrence.. vf
Hatt, W. P., Donations from.. 324, 331, sa
334, 347, 358A, 358B, 363
, Minute of Address by ......... 84
— Da Ree to Donations from.,... 336, 348
: Page
HALL, W. P., Ref. to Work of..... 317
328, 353
HALLOMENUS Punctulatus, Occur. 164
HALTICA bimarginata, —......... 162
AMIEL re nya Raye s cise Ss a agaaaveeers 162
*- HAMILTON Co:, Mounds in........ 80
. — Group, Fossils from............ 349
HAMILTON, JOHN, Acknowledge-
ments to—WICKHAM...... 128, 129
Hammnatt, E. S., Appointment on
Me breen ye CO Clee scaly tase ig 328
—,—on various Coms..... 331, 338, 364
_—, Election as Reg. Memb........ 308
eee ASE TESIGEMt 5.2 hates aee: cc. as 337, 335
Pat AS TUSLCEr ns si cea ose ek 327
—, — as Vice-Pres............. 319, 327
—, President’s Address by........ 353
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 358B
—, Tribute to W. H. Holmes...... 358B
HARDIN Co.,; Mounds in.......... 80
HARMONIA 77-guttata, Occurrence. 144
SEE HERO Ea a CEN cA oo 144
HARRINGTON, List of Coleoptera
Dye OGNSUItE dy. ioe wise Pee cea os 129
HARRIS, THAD. W., cited by Mc-
Va PST tris le ee ar Soe ao ae hee 186, 194
‘
HARRISON, CHARLES E., Appoint-
ment on Library Chari wore 299
308, 320, 328, 35°
Bere SCONE Sac os at le og ed 356
_—,— various Committees......... 384
_-, 307; 320, 331, 364
—, Election as Librarian....... 276, 28
, 307, 319, 327, 338, 355
SNA LTUSTEE Ss: Lai). val ple oe 296, 327
—, Glazier Exped.and........ 301, 364
_—, Keys, etc., deposited with...... 283
=, Presentation by..:......0..... 308
—, President’s Address by..... Pein bod 40)
ENGL NCOMRTLY, DY co. sec lado aleed atlas ee 23
—, — to Suggestion by . NRE A
—, Report on Glazier Exped. . 364, 366
—, — as Librarian.... 285, 293, 303
315, 324, 335, 347
—, — as Memb. of Com. . . 309, 323, 324,
334, 338
—,— as Treasurer (Acting)....... 205
=, Resolutions by............. 331, 358
HARRISON, J. H., Appointment on
PIMADEE COM, cite fet Sees 356
—, — on various Coms.... 283, 293, 338
_, Donation from ................
—, Election as Trustee ........... ae
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 308
HARPALUS calignosus, Occurrence. 135
EEE LIL Ata i oo RE ION 135
SS OMMOEUUS oh Se aie utes e's 135
EU RMUESZEM ED hi so et hoc Ge woees ws 6 135
OMS mnt ne aie gang teh ao sik se 136
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
377
Page
HARPALUS fennsylvanicus, Occur. 135
Se MULTAN | strc ete maja «ee oats 135
ra ALL i et 135
== 5p: tac DY HOTne? 0... i. ae: 130
HARVARD Council, Ref. to, on Cat-
aloguing System So tehetah wie erences 355
Hatcu, W. H., Appointment on
AACE Ret G9) ioe gO ae gts Sieh 308, 320
HAYDEN, F. V., cited by McNeill.. 186
189, IgI
HAYWARD, M., Acknowledgements
to— WICKHAM papal toes ns jal Chee 130
HAZEN, E. H., Appointmentas Es-
The aon noha cs! 286
—, — on Mus. Com. Pa
-— ’ Ref. to Removal from City . 307
HAZLETON, Pa., Coal plants, etc
FLOM ONL eva sno meae ae aoe ale 332
HELICHUS s¢rzatus, Occurrence.... 138
HELMICK, JOHN M.,Art. by—‘“Stone
Mounds and Serpent of Hughes
Go. Southey Dakotas ay ease 170
~ , Presentation of Paper by.. .331, 351
HELOPHORUS inguinatus, Occur... 138
a CAGUSET IS oe Se re Pe 138
HENDER, W. H., Election as Reg.
Memibpioton cers tates sto een 347
HENDERSON, JOHN J.,Ref.to Art.by 10
HENLEY, H. M; Appointment on
‘Finance Com......... 308, 320, 328
HENOTICUS sevatus, Occurrence... 146
HENRY, GEO. F., Extract of Letter
frothy Cone hk oer 314
HENSHAW, H. W., Ref. to Art. by . 10
HERMANN, RICHARD, Ref. to Let-
fers From eG beer 54
HETEROCERIDAY fool cy ees 148
HETEROCERUS wndatus, Occur.... 148
HInRICHS, G. H., Donation from.. 333
—, Ref. to Donation from......... 336
HINRICHS, GUSTAVUS, Ref. to Lec-
ELERE! DIY vat che crea oa ates at 311
HIPPODAMIA convergens, Occur... 144
— F5-maculatd, eine e ee hee ees 144
SG NTI ALG: i 08 oh ta ral eye es apa ae 144
= IP -Punctata, —'. oo. cas vewees 144
HISTER abbreviatus, —........ “oo BAG
— QULELICANUS, —.. 0. ccc ce eee aee 146
— bimaculatus, — .... 2... ewe ce 146
— Aepuralor,— oo. cccvevcuteces 146
— fedatus, — ............ St Sea: 146
SW AMECTIUS eae neat Ni, ak bye 146
1 5 LS Sc 8 1 De: SA a ee a men a 146
Hist. Nat. Orthopt., cited by Mc-
EPRSPIN GN Lincs vette gies bch ee a atcieen eed 186
HISTORICAL Sect. D.A.N.S., Ref. to 275
— Relics, Donation of ............ 357
History of Iowa (Tuttle’s), cited. 13
378 DAVENPORT ACADEMY
2 Page
History of Johnson County, —...6, 21
et eS MOOMMIBY, sires siketcc store? 12
— of Muscatine County, —........ 23
— (Centennial) of Polk County, —. 55
— of Wappello County, —........ 13
HoFFMAN, W. R., Error in accred-
Th) 0 al 0) TRS SP a ee 246
HoumeEs, Miss CLARA, Donations
i AOLON EES GA RR SIS ae PRD on 358, 364
Houmes, Mrs. MARGARET W.,Do-
MATION MOM ceisler selskse ss 6 364
HoumeEs, W. H., (Davenport ) : —
—, Election as Vice-Pres......276, 286,
’ 296, 307
SUNOS COW temve bemistol cs. ate'eks 364
FES M bat OI yee ewes, vals toh ais 262
= WRemanks) Cited. vi. + MOD eS oo. 286, 291
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 310
—, Resignation as Trustee........ 295
—, Resolutions of Respect........ 358B
HoumEs, W.H.(Washington),cited Io,
26,)55, 173;.170
HoMALIUM /lorade, Occurrence.... 143
FULD OU LOUIE ci nkel a clei sha) oye iaie)e *)ni5 143
Home Jour. Mod. Illustrator and,
RIE EO nvatiene ard ckaaeteh oad claves aietekoo
HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH,and Dr.Parry 37
Hoover, GEo. K., Election as Reg.
iMAIESS oll oy Nest hang rie Te Ae Wl Ble 299
—, Presentation of Letter by...... 319
Hopi ¢rifasctata, Occurrence... .° 155
HORMISCUS saltator, —.........-. 169
HORMORUS undulatus, — ......... 166
Horn, GEorGE H., Acknowledge-
ments to—WICKHAM......... 130
HORTICULTURAL Soc., Ref. to Do-
ORAS pueOhodL | dls Ulae as See ce 278
—, Ref. to Meetings at Acad. Bldg. 285
HORTON CREEK. Rel tO. ..25 vee: 366
Hore,.Steamer, Ref. toc... 2... 350
HowarpD, L.O., Acknowledgements
E Ope PVG IN Te cece rehslies erase: ci aye 179
ELOWE Seis cited by, stator... ie)
Hoyt, Miss, Acknowledgements to 311
HuBBARD, H. G., Ref. to List of
Goleopt byrne Pacis 159
ETAT AA AIH AC a POP Peat Pe eI ey Os ts 158
LEPYRUS vgeminatus, Occurrence.. 166
Lessons, Acad. Pub. Sch., Ref. to. 290
LESTEVA Padli~es, Occurrence .... 143
‘Lewis, L. H., Ref. to Arts. by. 10, 29, 55
LIBRARY, Academy, Ref. to Classi-
ACATLOTIHO Baetesecy Pune imee Mee. rie Seen 344
—,—, see also “Catalogue” and
“ Reports.”
— Association, Dav., Ref. to ...... 3)
LIFE Zones, Arbitrary Nature of.. 128
LIGUROTETTIX, Description ...... 257
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
LIGUROTETTIX cogutlletti, — .....
Linium ParryZ, Ref. to Discov. of.
LIMONIUS, @ger, Occurrence..... 3a
SH PLODEI US, 1 LOE Re Crs
LINA, PALATE, rome ai lp eae nN :
plorations hes be ese vit
Linn. Co,., Mounds ini): 0. Mi
LINNE, or VON, cited by McNeill. .
LINTNER (Ji An. oe
LIODES basalis, Occurrence.......
= Blanchard?) > Oe 14
List of Coleoptera ~WickHAM ..
— — CopperRelics in D.A.N.S.Mus. 1.
-—_ —— Members, Ref.to Revis. of..
— — Orthopt. of Ill, cited by Me-
Ned x iikics le ee ee
— — Papers published by Parry ..
Lists sds: by Wickham. "126, 1
LISTROPHUS cimgulatus, —........ "
LITARGUS adzdesmus, — 2.55. 802k
-— tetraspilotus, —.. 20 200s vnees . 146
L'THOCHARIS confluens, —....... 5
LIXUSCAUAZEr.: — an eine eae 73
Locust, The Rocky Mountain, Ref.
to Riley’s Report on.......... 3
Loneirarsus ¢urbatus, Occurrence 162
Louisa Co.; Moundsin) 2.0. ,
LOVETT, EDWARD, Ref. to Bequest —
fiom eee oi ae ea
LyNeu, .P: eee Com. 284 —
—, Election as; Treasurer he 286
=, = = Trustee. 20 ee 276 ,
_ ; Ref, to Art: DY.i05%) 7 oa ¥
—,— — Removal from City .....: 30
’ Report as Treasurer ee CLEsEe 29
Lyon Co... Mounds"in? .i essen
LYONS, Mounds Nate eee ay Bie sa
MACROBASIS wzzcoloy, Occurrence, 1
MACROPS)S0) ot oe see
MADRIPORA comvexa, Donation of.
SPeCumens:/). ok eee Wet
MAGDALIS znconspicua, Occur.....
—< DAY AUT Ay a) se, doaga eS
MAGNETISM, Terrestrial, Ref. t O°
Observations on — PUTNAM...
MALAGCHID iNT Ot eee
/
Page
MALLERY, GARRICK, Art. by on
Mictosnraphs, GILG yaw s Sane s)- II
MALTHODES /uliginosus, Occur... 153
MANSFIELD, J. M., cited by Starr.. 19
MARION Co., Mounds in.......... 100
MAROLIA /it/minans, Occurrence . 164
- Mason, O. T., cited by Starr...... 12
Mast, C. A., Donation from ...... 357
—, Election as Reg. Memb.. 346
MasToDon and Mound Builders,
Meureay ILE Oe: 2 oes 318
—, see also ‘‘ Elephant Pipes.”
MCcCLEAN, J. P., Ref. to Work by.11, 318
MCCLELLAND, GEORGE P., Ap-
‘ Pointment aswBbearer fee 286
SONAL OM PET OM 2% ie pis arse te oie Se 363
—, Election as Trustee............ 286,
—, Report as Memb. of Com. . 276, 309
McCLLELLAND, THOs. W., Re-
port as Memb. of Com........ 308
McCLELLAND,W.,Electionas Reg.
‘MW ey nt Of iS le cs ale eM 343
McCowen, JENNIE, Addresses by:
President’s 296, Silver Anni-
versary . ae
—, Appointment as Delegate to A.
PWN nse Pec iesel ee ola Pena esc 291
= — on Library Com. .......:. SNS ZO
—,— — Pub. Com........ 320, 328, 356
—, — — Various Committees . .283, 288
—, Election as President....... 276, 286
—, — — Rec. Sec..........+.. 296, 307
phe USLEE' s cxicis ysis itis wees 327
—, Ref. to Election as Pres........ 212
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 32
—, see also “Reports” of Library
and Publication Coms.
—, — as Rec. Sec.. 275
—, ; Visit to Cliff Dwellings of Ari-
ZOLA MMOLE YY eran lee mab eraet res 292
McCrvum, Miss A. J. S., Appoint-
ment on Library Com..... 299, 3090
—, Election as Librarian.......... 2096
McDOonaA.Lp, W. A., cited by Starr. 19
McGEE, W. J., Art. by on Metrol-
(2) 22 tei Ue RES Ra ee MDa ep 12
—, Ref. to Index by....... 310, 321, 325
—, Vote of Thanks to............. 322
MCNEILL, JEROME, Article by —
“Revision of the Truxaline of
INOS gil aiie/s Wa (2h de Vit MPAA era 179
—, Appointment on Mus. Com. ... 299
OMAR ONS ETO ‘ss cusses. ae ote 347
—, Election as Corresp. Memb.... 347
—, List of. Orthopt of Ill. by cited. 187
—, Presentation of Paper by....... 346
—, Ref. to Donation from...... 350, 351
ASS A 0 ol 1) 351
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
381
. Page
MECOSTEHUS, Descript. 253, Key.. 254
— gractlis, Ref. and Hab......... 255
ES WLAHECALUS | ning 0 a oho! aa Saye Sienehe 254
— PlatyPlerus, = — evi ceeccecees 255
MEDICAL Soc., Scott Co., Meetings
Fb ee VNC ANC gle NG Veckedlcs siieh Atala ron 285
MEDICINE Knolls, Descript. of ... 170
MEEK, S. E., cited by McNeill.... 208
MEGAPENTHES 7ogersz2, Occur. 127, 149
SS EL HLOSU Suen steras acalte) ohsce aby oie Selahe TAO 149
MEE TAINO V ALD AS of Med Alene dS ate 164
MELANOPHILA @7eo/a, Occurrence 152
AV UMMONAL, — i vevee ieee se cues 152
LONE IDES Hots ay eo bee ical ee eet 151
MELANOTUS castanifes, —........ 150
== COMMUNES wr IN ha eee 150
SF SCKODLCOLERS, oie ae ones ag a 150
VEER OED AEG se Meee heute Sieh ore Sena 166
MEMBERSHIP,‘‘Associate” proposed 280
—, Ref..to Reévis. of List 22.28.00. 364
—, see also “ Reports” of Rec. Sec.
Mem. Acad. St. Peter V, cited by
MIGIN rie is tieimsee alkane eel aha 187
— Soc. Zodlogique de France, — — 187
MEMORIAL Endowment Fund—
GEENA ME a agente nt GN een 351
— Meeting — PRATT.......... 323, 326
MEPHITIS wephitica, (white), Do-
Nation ot SkinvObes) sash aeeee 356
MERIUM frofeum, Occurrence .... 156
MERMIRIA, Descript. 203, Ref. and
1s Tate Nera we thee Ane us own e948 204
alacris; Ref: and Hab... 32.000 207
— bevittata, Ref. 205, Hab......... 206
— maculipennis, Ref. and Hab.... 206
— neomexicana, Ref. 206, Hab..... 207
= FOSEF ALA; LICSEEIPL. pinenker eis cerns 207
— texana, Ref. and Hab........:. 206
METEORITE Fragments, Presenta-
TOU OE Steer ati oat 52 too) dade eee 293
METEOROLOGY, Abstr. of Lecture
MSs OTIS NNGATIAZ tg hc och svte pe vaces nee 289
Metric System, Ref. to U.S. Adop-
TLODWOL Ss sate crckoa enue ae Ne ate 358
MEXICAN Bound. Surv., Dr. Parry
AiaNG Ue Pinson anal ety y iia Af 36117,
— Rose, Ref. to Discovery of ..... A4
MExiIco, Art of, suggested by Fig-
ures on Shell Gorgets......... 176
—, Shell Gorgets found in...... 173, 176
MILLER, M.S., Remarks by noted 343
MILLS Co., Moundsin............ 100
MINERALOGIST (Young) and An-
tiquarian, cited by Starr ...... OT
Missowrt, Shell Gorgets found in: 173
MOINGONA, Mounds near. .f te: 62
MOLINE Acad. Class}|ReE TOne. “ue
MOLYBDATE of Lead, Crystals do-
MALE eye tar Vy es eens 350
382
; Page
MONOHAMMUS confusor, Occur.... 159
— "LAL MOV ALOT, iva cnn nwene eee 159
Ne LE LLDLILS Nie ec Maeoehs ere eae 159
DATEL LOT aa totc yee lao alu operas Rem 159
MONONYCHUS wulpeculus, —...... 168
MONOTOMA Picipes, — ........-... 148
MontrOSE, Mounds near......... 87
MORDELLA 6oreal7s, Occurrence. . 165
Se SRULLELLAV ES) 0 ola od vida tiewee nce NOS
BV UGHRIIO ENE Ie LID AS ia lt agin eerste ro 165
MORDELLISTENA Jiplageata, Oc-
GBUTECI CE n,n iat bi mokr see, a 165
SS, OUTTA OER SRE N ak ee Rt oe 165
LF UELESs iis i heelisn ts hole ae bale TOs
BLO SUE Psd oo ks Rh eed A Sel seen ne chette 165
CMC MICOLON ew she lous euctvieiwi a 4 Fe: os fae LOS
MOREHEAD, J., Ref. to Excurs. with. 36
MORELIA, MExX., Shell Gorget from 176
MorGAN, B., cited by Starr...... 19, 55
MOORE, CLARENCE B., Donations
FeO oo re enone eee 339, 357
—, Election as Honorary Memb... 338
—, Ref. to Donation from......... 349
Morse, ALBERT PITTS, cited by
VIN CLL salt ae in a actwet nie Bate aa 188
Morskg, R. S., Acknowledgements
MO) Asean Ser mounted Sateen acre tert hes 179
MorsE, S.P., cited by McNeill ... 188
Movutton, M. W.,cited by Starr.. 12
Mounb Builders, Antiquity of, Facts
[ite Wo gh utes Meee eng Ora gra 318, 330
aS Minute Oflvect, Onis es ocens. 288
Sets COPATtSs Ol Ae w/sel os 4, D5, Eko,
18, I9, 20, 23
—,— — School Study of ...... 392, 315
et WOLK (Of it oe on hie ee 353
— and their Works, Minute of Les-
BOIS) Olesen Ce ech Een 290
—, their Works and Relics, Ref. to
BOOK OMe See uakes Tae eee 306
— Relics in D. A. N.S. Museum... 330
Mounps, Albany, Ill., Ref. to..... 317
EP WATESSHON: ClUEG i clodatesetinee ns 1-2
Feat burial: et. tov Art Om: ye chs 173
-——, Copper in, see “ Copper.”
eCOMMtR, Iy. teer. oO ton eave: 320
—, Directions for exploring....... 341
—, Elephant of Wis., Ref to....... 318
—, Etowah, Ga., ——......... 17300715
—, Fire in, See “ Fire.”
—, Florida, Worked Shells in..... 357
—, Gorgets in Southern........... 173
—, Kansas, Minute of Lect. on.... 356
—, Occurrence in lowa; see Name
of County or Town.
—, Pipes in, See “ Carvings.”
—, Shells in, Sée “Shells.”
—, Stone, and Serpent of Hughes
GOnIS DS YArE iON tact coe cio 170
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Mount Hope, N. J., Ores from..
MT." ‘PLEASANT, Mounds’ near.
Mummy, Egyptian, Donation of...
MUNSELL, A., Report as Memb. of f
Glazier Exped UL Lan aha ea :
MuRDOCK, SAM’L, Ref. to Arts. Bg ss
MuRPHY, J. ly, Ref, to Death of..
MUSCATINE Co., Hist. of cited.....
—. Mounds miss ine iicue eg :
Museu, Boulak,;Mummy from..
—, D.A.N.S. ,Purchase of Cases for.
_ . Rearrangement (0) REL Ny:
eas Ach S. National, Acknowledge: |
TIVE TIE 1O yee are e ane scl oNe ce) waco (ep eee
=, =, Error in’ Accrediting tomeeer
— Extension suggested........... “3
MuSQuaAKIES, Ref. to Art. on...
MYAS cyanescens, Occurrence.....
MYCETINA ferpulchra, —
MYCETOCHARA bicolor, —........ ;
eee ee ee
MYCETOPHAGIDA..... 20 ...00e 0s 1
MYCETOPHAGUS /lexuosus, —
MyYCETOPORUS flavicollis, — ..... 14:
SPLENAIAUS) = Woah) fate eee [42
Myers, Justus M. L., cited by Sie Wee
MystaxIs simulator, Occurrence.. 164
NADAILLAC, MARQUIS DE, Ref. to —
Arts. by
NADLER, PRane Appointment on
Finance Com... ..2/..ses tage
= Mis Comin mee aa 300, 308, 30
--, — Nominating Com..........0
-- ’ Election as Treasurer .206, 30%, 310,
327, 338, 355
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 293
—; -- as Treasurer... .316, 327, 334952008
NAGEL, J.J, Appointment on Mus. —
Comins sec ee 300, 308, 328 ;
NAPIA, ‘Description’ “2—. -
— and Geologist, Canadian, cited. aan "8
NATURE, cited by Starr: w.. sehen 56
NEBRIA pallipes, Occurrence rs 3,
NECROPHORUS marginatus, —
OV O1GOLILS, = Pianta 1s mls win lene eee
—— LOM CNLOSUS, ——denciols cial erchoh ate tetenae
— wespilloides, —..... ices ve recsee
NEGUS, CHARLES, Ref. to Arts. by.
NEOcCLYTUS erythrocephalus, Oc -
s 0 [0/6 6 eye © a epalere ly aene
ae
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
[PRroo. D. A. N.8,, Vol. VI.]
Page
NEw ALBIN, Earthworks near .... 56
NEw JERSEY, Ref. to List of Cole-
COVBYTEN G2 NN By Ke 5 ch REA Oe A aE 128, 129
NEWMAN, CARL, cited by Berthoud 26
NEWBOLD, EDWARD, Bequest by... 317
erie Frese LOS ony on Sencha aie mice to Sha ae Has 329
NEwcoms, C. N., Election as Reg.
ETO SRO RE oat aaa? 356
NeEwcompe, Mrs. PATIENCE V\.,Ref.
to Donation of Lot by ........ 312
—, — to Purchase of Land from .. 283
NIAGARA Group, Donation of Fos-
SURE INTN Sc) ie 5) MBG ma a's ta hah 349
NICAGUS odscurus, Occurrence.... 155
NICHOL, ADELLA R., Election as
eum Mem DET: sheet te vic ew ce 339
NICOLLET Creek and Lakes, Ref. to 366
NISSLEY, J. R., cited by Starr..... 13
RNGREINE DINU LEYS AB. > - ss ea lore ace beans 4 aes 147
' NOMARETUS $éz/obus, Occurrence.. 13!
NOMIUS Py gm@us, — ..... 6. ee eee 131
NortTH MCGREGOR, Mounds near. 66
NOTIOPHILUS @veus, Occurrence... 131
== Nah OR ae ALE, A RU 131
NOTOXUS anchora, — ..........-- 165
Nov. Act, Upsal IX, cited by Mc-
NTE Ge eae 29]
ORPHULA, Deseription 2... 2. s.282 233
—, Ref. Hab. and Key.. Aho 2am
— decora, Descript. 239, Hab...... 240
-— olivacea, Reiman dab.5 2. cae 239
— orizate@. Descript. 243, Hab..... 244
ALENT Hats GI eect ae aes 235
ete RE 2977 AD e ye. tp weer eee 238
— punctata, Ref. and Hab........ 244
—-SCUAMEFL, -— eo ee ec ele es 244
— ea Deseription yw .-sceor 240
a NCL ANG a Dees... acs ae 241
se tepanii ‘a (?), Descript. i eels
Anal lal sete gaig tic oe ee Cee 243
= SIPIMMCCKLAL I INCL aes oe Se 245
ORSODACHNA aéra, Occurrence... 160
ORTHOPERUS Scutellaris, —....... 143
ORTHOPHILUS glabratus, —....... 146
ORTHOPTERA Furopea, cited by
MicNeillisct cinta 4 ooh eee 1 8
— of New England, — —......... 188
Nove Am. = =="). areola 188
—, Ref. to Coquillett’s Collection.. 179
—, — to Brunner’s Revision ...... 179
OSBORN, HERBERT, cited by Mc-
Wiel, As tages snes tig ee 188
—, List of Coleopt. by consulted... 129
OSBORN, ROBERT P.,. Election as
Reg. Wiepibemeu is ssa es ee 358B
ODEO IUA YN CEUD Bes a es cae e Se arate 166
Ottumwa, Mounds near.......... 122
OVERLAND Monthly,Ref.to Arts.in 4
Owen; D)D:;.and: C.-C, Parry: * 34% AI
OXYPODA Sf. zmcog., Occurrence .. 140
OXYTELUS fuscipennis, —......... 143
— laqueatus (O. fuscipennts),—.... 143
Sh LEAN) te oe AT oh EE ION ee 143
PACHYBRACHYS SP. aff. atomarius,
OGcirrencent oc Foi Me) es Vee
— hepaticus, = ...c vec ie ceccee. 160
PACHYTA monticola, — ..........- 157
PACKARD, A. S., Acknowledge-
ments to— WICKHAM ........ 128
—, cited by McNeill...... Natt dee 190, 192
PACKARD, A.S. JR., — —...... 192, 193
PADERUS “tttorarius, Occurrence. 142
PALISOT DE BEAvvVoOIS, A.M. F. J..
cited by McNeill.......... 186, 188
PAPER, Announced, “The Local
Geology of Davenport.”—BAR-
EST ee Re te aN Ae 310
[March 23, 1897.]
384
PAPERS, Presented: Berthoud, 281,
321; Helmick,331; McNeill, 346;
Parry, 280, 283 ; Pratt, 280, 281;
Preston, 322; Putnam, 331;
WANTS aye tin oe haar Fania Ricci I ee 344,
—, Published: ‘“ Ancient Grooved
Rocks in Arkansas.’—W. A.
(CHUATPNEAII Cea cclate ss tee igenelckes
4 Bibliography of Iowa Antiqui-
ties,” — FREDERICK STARR
My Biographical Sketch of “Dr...
© Parry.” —.€, Ho PRESTON,
(UES 1 RRR SS ein ee ie
“ Buddhism in America.” — ED-
WARD WG. DER THOUD . tem es
~ “Charles Valentine Riley, A.M.,
Ph. D.”—H. F. WicKHAM, M.S.
“Circular of Suggestion Regard-
ing Work in Archeology.”
FREDERICK STARR, Ph. D....
“The Greenland Expedition of
1896, under charge of Prof. A.
E. Burton.” —G. R. PUTNAM...
“A list of Coleoptera from the
Southern Shore of Lake Supe-
rior.” —H. F. WICKHAM, M.S.
“Vist of Papers published by the
late Dr. C.C. Parry.” — Mrs.
Rs Gini av NY Boils Satere oe SLANE Me
“Notes on Specimens of Ores
Presented by B. R. Putnam to
the Davenport Academy of
Natural Sciences.”—B. R. Pur-
MAIN Ae eet ese nten we ee Seana
“Report on the Work of the Acad-
emy in Connection with the
Public Schools.” —W.H. Pratt
“Report of the Results of the
Glazier Expedition of 1891, to
determine the True Source of
the Mississippi River.” —C. E.
FPARRT SOM ai isiea opie erin
“Revision of the Truxaline of
North America.”’—JEROME Mc-
IIL Aeon n een eee eee TER
“A Shell Gorget from Mexico,.”’"—
BRREDERICK STARR elit Ds. sr
“Stone Mound and Serpent, of
Hughes County, South Dak.”—
POs MT. ERE TMG Rice sole haa ror
“Summary of the Archeology of
lowa.” — FREDERICK STARR,
—, Reference to, 326, 350, 351, 354,
PARADISE Creek, Mounds near...
PARATENETUS /uscus, Occurrence.
PARKER, J. MONROE, Ref. to Be-
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Page
346
344
46
53
356
68
163
Guest from Nee Geese NT S8'
PARKER, J]. MONROE, Resolutions of
Respecte x, 5. cic eeeee 308, 309 |
PARKER, MRs. J. MONROE, Ref. to |
Bequest from .3 oo ootec ee
—, Resolutions of Respect....5,0..
PARK RAPIDS, ‘Ref: to4.. 2 eee
PARINDDZE Moa) ci oekaki
PARRY, CHARLES CHRISTOPHER,
Acad. Proceedings and.......
—, Biographical Sketch of ©. .."..2: Pa
—, Botanical Work of........ 3735 a8 A
—, Herbarium
—, Obsequiies 2350! +2. 025 see
oy Papers, List of. °.5.- 7) eee F
—, Peaks named by and for....... 40
—, Pike’s Peak Expedition, Ref. to he
—, Plants’ Discovered by: .:..-2otae .
—, Presentation of Paper by ......
=~ Of .Portraltiofi-. 030 .3eee eae
—, Proposal of Amendment by..
—, Ref. to Biograph. Sketch of and
List of Papers, by:/. <<< 42am 3
—, — to Presentation of Portrait...
—,— — Sketch of Life of Wm.
Renwick: Dy)... 5. s)he ee a
—, Personali.data’:.. 3.2% 35; 3, 39 43, i
-- ; Report as Member of Com.. 270
—, Resolutions of Respect....... :
cowie 6 56 we «© pistes) AimeaEM
PARRY, Mrs. C. C., Art. by =A
List of Papers Published by the
late Dr. C..G. Party.’ i: eee 6
—, Donations from......:. 310, 347, 363,
—, Ref. to Donation of Portrait for
Proceedings: 5.2... \4:. 05h eee 7m hor
—, — to Work of....... ee
—, Vote of Thanks to ...i.125 322, 328
PARRY, JOSEPH, Reference to..... 36
PARVIN, T. :S.) Extract cof, Lettegiigem
POMS shih be bese eee 2VSR
PATROBUS /ongicornis, Occurrence 132
PEARLS, Occurrence in Mounds
Ce ee ee
PEDETICUM, Description. ......2%
— obscurum. Ret and Habu. eee 216
PEDIACHUS fuscus, Occurrence.... 145
PEDILOPHORUS subcamus, — ...... 148
PEET, STEPHEN D., Ref. to Arts ra
Dyi Her fle oe tice erates 13; 943 a5 Gee
PELTIS ferruginea, Occurrence ... 148 »
PENDLETON, E. H., Ref. to Death of 324 —
PENTHE obliguata, Occurrence.... 164
PreostaA Lake, Mounds near ..... ‘69, 70
PERRY, WM. STEV ENS, Electionas ©
Reg. Member y.-) uci) ene 347
PerTy, M.DE, cited by McNeill, 187, 189
SRE, Mounds near
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
Page
PETRIE, W. M. F., Ref. to Work of 353
FAFRAIL O CLR LDA Ts aie es eae le eee: 143
PHELPS, J. B., Appointment on Fi-
WAIeer COMMS oe eects 4005-950
=, Election as Trustee........ 238, 286
—— Investment advised by ........ 280
—-, Report as Member of Com..... 276
PHENOLIA gvossa, Occurrence.... 147
PHILHYDRUS hamulioni, —........ 139
AER ILO SUS = Vannes: erg valnyslcjeiais etace ae 139
PHILOMATHIAN Soc., Meetings at
Academy Building............ 385
-PHILONOTHUS @mews, Occurrence . 141
= DATE ae te a eee 141
EY ANLPENIES, —— oo vec aes Bee ok 141
EET a Te ny ie ih Rc re I4!
SR RUNCLICL ELA Sati EY ret tsa 5 aicyeveld, a 14]
PHLGOSINUS deniatus, —-........ 169
PHLIBOSTROMA, Descript. 247, Ref. 248
— guadrimaculata, Ref. 248, Hab.. 249
PHLOTINUS ardens, Occurrence... 153
PHOTURIS Pennsylvanicus, —— ..... 153
PHYLLOBROTICA decorata, —..... 161
PHYLLODECTA vwit/gatissima, — .. 161
PPYSOCNEMUM dbrevilineum, —.... 156
PHYTONOMUS Pusctatus, —— ....... 166
PIAZORHINUS Pictus, — .......... 168
RUS CELE LL OLS xe i estoy cintiec Wa $eiie eedelt. « 168
PICKERING, CHARLES, Ref. to .... 37
PICTOGRAPHS, Occurrence:
Sel eik (Oh WANs sr x neo dra Te 2
2 SAIN EN AVAN oc Fai) Ie Ree 60
POCO WOR Mar A Ss 2k xhcxs ticnh Salelen, 116
PIDGEON, WM ., Ref. to Art. by .... 15
PIGMENT trom Florida Mound.... 349
— in Scott Co. Mounds....110, 111, 114
Piussry, H. A., Ref. to Work of, 299, 305
PINACODERA “zmbata, Occurrence. 135
PINE. Creek, Mounds near, ......... 103
Pires, Mound Builders’, Occurrence
gO- 1-2
14-15-18
-2,3,4, 53 7 LO-374-5-
7-0; 24, 555 338
—, Ref. to Artson..
PISSODES dubius, Occurrence..... 167
EA Dan Un actin abit fete) lat alu b Neca 167
PITYOPHTHORUS materiarius, ——.. 168
ELL IILLLISSLINUS, ck a4 wisrotev cela 168
RE GO sh ane Ret i Siete 169
PITTSBURG (la.), Mounds near..... 120
PLAGIONOTUS Sfeciosus,Occurrence 156
PLATEROS canaliculatus, —....... 153
PLATYCERUS Gepressus,--— ........ 155
BUILT IES aw Ay: Ste ate ig aibeatasiad Sane 155
PLATYCNEMISM, Reference to .... 7
PLATYDEMA, americanum, Occur.. 163
MSE CL DILIION hae Le ete vot aio ac fe sn 163
BLACYNUS GH1225,. ee i ees 133
—— ANChOMENOLAES, ——... ee es 133
-4-5-6-7-8-9, 101 -8-10-11-12-13—
Page
PIVAGMNUS Ales, =. us, ees 133
eC OY atte, oo ice Go's Ls ee hater ae 133
== CUDTEPCUNISS raja iele ds wae Alaee 133
FL ELH Sih eee NG Ges alacdee wf Spe She ae 133
MODULUS —— to hake ovo, © a ch eucacete 134
SCTE CLS me eee ae Ee Ass bid tates 134
— MCtALESCENS, oe eee es 133
OP NCU TUS kite fe. tee ew inya Ponies 133
ES SOUSOLELUS mee So a Ishi ceaes SRE 134
SV UCTEOT MIS eet A ed tet sae 134
PD LCTDCTMLIS c= white Bt as eee 134
—— SLACLUUS, in ihe hs aes ce aah 134
= SO TIN GUUS ona ant Se Arto ae 133
= QUNCIL OV ILI a eae ona OR 134
— guadripunctatus, —............ 134
ELEC LOCS hems etal Mera Met arch 134
PU ELOVIGIS oh ei ietrn ie i 0 bios ote Lanes 134
SLE LUIS are ali, ed Fane ot eee 133
= TENUULOULIS pres ae OR ee oe 133
PLATYSTETHUS americanus, —.... 142
PLEASANT Valley, Carved Figure
iRoyollaYe L ghatens Shine Nance tetMgn. Mas d 109
PLECTROPHORUS, Descript.251,Key 252
— gregarius, Ref. and Hab........ 253
— UlALOYIUS, — oer eee eevee 253
PLEGADERUS sayz, Occurrence. 153
PLuM Creek, Copper Cup Discov.on 109
PNIGODES: (VElChiption. ska caacne 266
— megocephala, Descript and Hab. 267
PODABRUS diadema, Occurrence .. 153
— modestus, —....... Sf a husigls eve athe 153
Sat POL OLAS A Vile. oe Baas a cr aga 153
== DURCLALUS, i siecci a Science Cate Se 153
PCECILONOTA cyanipes, — ........ 151
POGONOCHERUS m2xlus, — ....... 159
POKEGAMEA Lake, Reference to.. 365
POLK Co., Centennial Hist. of cited 55
POPULAR Science Monthly, cited
ON pROVEZY A Cope ae ak DRONE AS cory eae 2 foals
POTTAW{ TTAMIE Co., Mounds in.. 108
POTTERY, Ancient Art. on by W.
H. Holmes GINCO AS ox Gee 10
--, —, from Des Moines River, Art.
on by R. N. andC. L. Dahlberg
GPEC eS. otc AeA Rhee 5
-, Ref. to Address on the Mark-
eS) Or = TIAL ola ee ce enue 284
PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, Mounds opp.. 65
PRASOCURIS, varifes, Occurrence. 161
PRATT, Miss Lucy, Election as
Corresponding Secretary.. 276, 286
Pratt, W. H., Address by presented 201
—, Appointment on Museum Com. 299
308, 320
—, — various Committees........ A200
283, 284, 288
—, Election as Curator ........... 276
==) Extractor Letter from You). 314
—=, Parewell Meeting... 32..02. ...2 292
386
: Page
Pratt, W. H., Foucault’s Experi-
ment Lilustrated by. ..5%.).02%); 287
—, Lectures by, noted .....:... 284, 288
—, Memorial Meeting ............ 23
—, Presentation of Papers by. .280, 281
Ee OL MP OREMAIL Ob ssc eo aioe neers 323
—, Ref. to Arts. by........ 15, 16, 23, 55
= TORICATH Olin. s = ouc ee 305, 324, 328
—,— — Donation from........... 278
=> =—)— Jeetter frome 2.2% i. se oe « 300
—, — — Memorial Meeting....... 326
—,—— — Presentation of Paper.... 311
—, — — Removal from City ..... 29
—, Report by on Acad. and School
MAM es oo rs ghee on See het 288
—*, Work of cited. ...\. 02%. 296, 305, 326
_ PREHISTORIC Peoples — Nadaillac,
CLEC ey ois ops eters bye Wh oon 13
PRESTON, C. H., Art. by, “Bio-
graphical Sketch of Dr. C. C.
| rE ah haan ty eee A cio age mena ae 35
—, Appointment on Library Com.. 356
== = —-Pab. ‘Committee v5.6. 299,
308, 320, 328, 356
ee ——9cl., Work Com. s.a2s. 54 280
—, Election as Trustee... .276, 307, 338
=) —— — Wice-President...... 2.02. 337
—, Presentation of Paper by......
—, Reference to Papers by, 23, 326, 351
—, Report as Memb. of Com...... 323;
334, 357, 358B, 363 ; see
“Reports” of Pub. Com
== MeSOLUTIONS IDYyy= tein stage oie 358A
PRESTON, W. C., Ref. to Death of. 305
—, Resolutions of Respect........ 29
3
PRICE, ELIPHALET, Ref. to Art.by 16
PROCEEDINGS, A.A.A.5S., cited by
SATA rat 5 ty re wt Anal seg, 02-3
=== sist of Arts. in‘by C:C Parry, 46
— Am. Ent. Soc. cited by McNeill. 189
— Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., cited by
MIGIN en Ie 20h eins cre cor Sweetie 189
— Cong. Internat. des American-
istes, cited iby otarhe. trate 54
=—-Dav.. Acad of . Nat. Sciences;
cited by McNeill: = 22... 2 car89
== cited by Starr,)3.4, 557s 20); 21, 245155
=~ —, List of Arts in, by Parry.... 47
===, Ref. to Distrib. of by the
Smithsonian Institution........ 325
—, — Inception of
—, — Index to First Five Vols.
of the Proceedings of...... 321, 325
— Publication of First Vol. 321
=-,.— Returns from<335 2 £21 _ 326
— ’ Resolutions Concerning. 397, 310
— ’ Summary of Exchanges with 319
pa ea SSVHODSIS) Olea /eis « nite Mate eae 275
—-- , See also “Repts.” of Pub. Com.
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
{
a
PROCEEDINGS Iowa Acad. of Sci., “S
cited, by’ McNeill. .s 02 ‘21 LOS
— Phil’a Acad. of Nat. Sci., 189.
— Phil’a Ent. Soc., — —......0.4, 18g
— Portland Society Nat. Hist.,.— == Sone
— U.S. Nat. Hist. Mus. — =
PROCTOR, RICHARD, Ref. to Death
of
189
a
279
Prop. Eur. Orth., cited by McNeill 189 _
. 186, 189°
PROVANCHER, L’ABBE, —_——
PROUDFIT, 5S. Vv. , Ref to Arts. ‘by. 16, 1A4
PSELAPHIDE s )00 o200¢, ee 140°
PSEUDEBAUS ob/ztus, Occurrence . 154.
PSEUDOPOMALA, Decript. and Key 208 _
— aptera, Ref. and Hab........... 209
-— brachyptera, Ref. 209, Hab..... 210
Psiracus erythacus, Egg of Donat. 337
PSOLOESSA, Descript: }... .;2e See 272
—, Ref. and Keys... cee 273
—- ‘buddiana, Ref-andsHab.7. see 274
— fErVUPINeA, — —. eee eveeecees 274
— maculipennis, Ref. 273, Hab.... 274
PSYCHE, Journal of Ent., cited by
McNeill oo .cit hs ce eee ee 1g0
PSYLLIODES functulata, Occur. .. 162°
PSYLLOBORA 20-maculata, —..... 144
PTELEA aptera, Discovery of by
PA Gn virco sce tac cement ce eee 44
PTENIDIUM Sf. tzcog., Occurrence. 143 ~
PTEROSTICHUS adoxus, —.......; 132
—= COV ACINUS, = oo ee 132
== UMC ROULD, aa 1). Wes elayetee cohen ee 132
=| LULL UES =p aveds ppcins oye 132
PALF UELIS = ne clece aes ees ce see Ge 132
PTILINUS 7U/iCOrHIS, =. «212. eae 154
PON DD SA2 65 55 seca asole een 154
PTINUS guadrimaculatus, —...... 154
PTOMAPHAGUS brachyderus, —.... 140
PuBLICATION, D. A. N.S. Proceed-
ings, Endowment of ........,2 51
—, Endowment Fund, Origin of... 314 —
-— ’ Importance of Stated. . BIR 302, 306
—, Made free to Members ....-..-. 354
—, ’ Metric System in'Advised ..... 355
—, Ref. to Separate Fund for..... 326
—, Resolutions on Support of..... 307
—, See also ‘“ Proceedings”’ and
“ Reports.”
PURPURICENUS humeralis, Occur.. 156
PUTNAM, BENJAMIN R.,Donation by 331
—, Election as Life Member...... 358B
—, Presentation of Paper by...... 331
=~ Ref to Donationaby:ssos. eee 336
PUTNAM, CHARLES E., Memorial to 351 —
—, Ref. to Arts. by 17, 330, 338
—, — Defense of Dav. Tablets by.. 305
—, — Work for Academy ..... 305, 312
PUTNAM, EDWARD K., Extract of
ettersirom Spenser
/
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
Page
PUTNAM, EDWARD K., Reading of
EC ELEIM EE OU a eet ane Saleisha 350
PuTNAM, GEORGE R., Donat. from 362
Ee aL GEGLULG DY etre hrac car nee aoe ee 359
PUTNAM, JOSEPH DUNCAN,
knowledgements to-WICKHAM 128
EELLCUNDyalvic Nem ere ye ees 194
PemOrenOta (002 eons nine. es 35!
Paaieet to ©. ©. Parry and.) *....: 42
—, — as Memb. of First Pub. Com. 326
ee WWOFK "Ob. nooo a heise sts 305, 312
PUTNAM, Mary. L. D., Appoint-
ment as Delegate to A. A. A.S.358B
—, — as Chairman of Pub. Com... 299,
308, 320, 328, 356
—,—as Memberof‘“Ben Hur” Com. 320
—, Election as Trustee.... 296, 327, 355
—, Endowment of Publication by.. 351
—, Reception of Bequest announced
ER YIE MAES Ee Rie otor crit. Stee sk 358A
—, Reference to Donation from.... 27
—, — Advancememt of Funds by . 283
—, — Election as First Lady Mem-
berand First Lady President D.
Rees ert fel one cae ore es ace oon
—, — Report from A. A. A.S. by. 322
a WOK OF 2 2 hated ooo 305, 329, 354
—, Report as Chairman Pub. Com. 294,
314, 322, 325, 337, 350
—, — of M. P. Bull Bequest by....
339
—, — as Member of Committee... 310
—, Tribute to W. H. Holmes ..... 358B
— VAIS Ie Ba eo ee ee 323
pevote Ol Lhanks to... 223s. 0 307
PutTNAM, W. C, Appointment as
Escort— PARRY Obsequies.... 286
—, — Member of “ Egypta’’ Com. 331
—, — Chairman of Finance Com.. 299,
320, 328, 356
—, Election as Trustee ........... 286,
: 296, 319, 355
—, Report on Settlement with Kuh-
SEMPER SEALE icc ch ee eae as 322
PYRACTOMENA Gorea/is,Occurrence 153
PYROCHROA flabellata, — ........ 165
PROGIER OLD AY -3) 782). cate oe ae 165
PyropyGa /enestralis, Occurrence. 153
MTT ED AS psi rs Ge meats cote ae 164
IPVTHO. QMETICARUS, — oc. ucts 164
QUEDIUS Jerigrinus, —........5.. 141
— sp. oh See SHAR eM Mis AR arcs 14]
~ Quorum D.A.N.S., Action owed
Mamie sae of 2 O90 3L Set ce)
387
Page
RADENHAUSEN, P., Donation from 293
RADINOTATUM, Descript. 199, Ref. 200
— brevipenne, ‘Descript. 200, Ref.
REI GRAIN Oey ters oy i aos» tee oa 201
RAPIDS CITY, Relics from, .7o.20 348
RATHVON, S. S., cited by McNeill . 190
Rau, CHARLES, Ref. to Arts. by.. 17
READ, Mit. nel to Art. byes. 17
RECEN, ORTH. L., cited by Mc-
NOES hee ee eee 190
REGISTRY of Corresp., Ref. to .... 335
REID, M. E., Donation from...... 289
RENWICK, WM., Ref. to Death of. . 279,
305, and “ Errata.”
—. ==. Sketeh vob bite. 47. a... eek 280
—, Resolutions of Respect........ *276
Reports, Br. Assoc. for the Adv.
or Sci Ref tovArt-an/ss704 ee 47
—, Bureau of Ethnol. cited... 10, 11, 20,
26, 27, 28, 55, 173, 338
—, Chief. of Engineers (1876, App.
iRyeheited SS-aces Sacer ee eee
— > Cannio of Agricult., cited 190
—, Conn. Sec. Agr., cited by Mc-
INCI) Sr cere ghee eas een 190
—, Ent. Socs Ont, = 22 8 182
—, ogee IN, eR Sita Igo
—, — Surv. Terr. 1873, ——...... Ig!
—, — — W. 100 Mer. V, Zoél., — — 190
, lowa Agr. Col., — — .......... 183
—, Insects of Il]., — —.... 2... 0.4. 188
—, Kas. Pacif. R. R. Poh Ref. to
Att: In DY Parry.) 2 0e Shoda 46
—, Ky. Agr. Sta. 6th Annual, cited. 186
—, Mass. ‘Agr. Col weited arias 186 ©
— ; Official, D.A.N.S.:
Cor, Seels cssa eee 315, 334, 338
—, —, Curator’s.. 294, 301, 314, 355, 348
—, —, Librarians. .275, 285, 293, 303, 315,
: 324, 335, 347
—, =; Rec. Sec's. .275; 284, 203,224, aa7,
—, —, Treasurer’s....276, 282, 284, 286,
295, 316, 327, 334, 352, 356
—, —, Pub. Com'’s.294, 314, 325, 337, 350
—'—, Other Com’s... 281, 290, 299, 331;
330, 358, 363, 364; see also “Res.
olutions”’ of Respect.
—, San Domingo Com. of Inq., Ref.
torAlrtssin Dyn Partyecs ota ae aS
—, Smithsonian, cited by Starr... 3, 5, 6,
10, 12, 18, I9, 21
U0: S-Dept. Apr.’ List of Papers
IMmby Parry. =: shea ee 46
== Ent. Com 2d and 3d, cited.. 190
—, — FishCom., Ref.to .......... 282
—, — Geol. Surv. Mont. (Prelim. ;
Cited Skies yaaa cee eee 189
—, — — — Neb,., etc., —.......... 186
—,— — — Wyo. (Prelim.), —..... 189
388
: Page
Reports, U. S. and Mex. Bound.
Surv. Arts ins Dy Parry Acca 46
RESOLUTIONS: Ben Hur 321; Pratt
Farewell 292; on Metric Syst.
358; on Publication 307, 310; on
end Purchase 322; of Respect
276,,293, 300, 308, 309, 310, a 3;
357, 3588; of Thanks 358, 363;
ONPVAWVISECHONY. cect oe 358A
REvIs, Syst. Orthopt., (Brunner)
eiteoloy NIC N eile 9 ako exe 19]
REVUE et. Magazin de Zo6l, — IgI
RHAGIUM “imeatum, Occurrence... 157
RHANTUS dznotatus, —............. 137
RHINOMACER élongatus,— ....... 166
FUETENO MAGE RUD As oo Last d slate hairs “anes 166
RHIZOPHAGUS sculpturatus, Occur. 147
RHYNCHITES cyamellus,—........ 166
JPO SANE) S GWG DF. Ones i OReL eae 166
RHYNCOLUS brunneus, —......... 168
RHYSSEMATUS falmacollis, —..... 168
RIBES viburnifolium, Ref. to Dis-
COVEY IOL 2255s Hon nase lecnk gees 44
Rice, Miss Emma: A., Election as
Reg. east res ahem ee ee ene 344
RICHARDSON, M. —— — 343
RICHTER, T. and ee Donat. from 356
RIEPE, W., Appointment as
INGAGCH Ate crac dN oh omen ter: 287
—, Election as Vice-Pres...... 276, 286
—, Ref. to Death of, “ Errata”? and 305
—, Report as Member of Com..... 308
RILEY, CHARLES VALENTINE, Ac-
knowledgements to, MCNEILL 179
—, Biographical Sketch of—WiIck-
THAME ropes Ss tatay sue Shoat Nae le 344
—, cited by McNeill: - 2). 0.22.0... IgI
—, Connection with U.S. Nat. Mus. 346
—, Ed. Am. Entomologist ........ 345
a BR eCHAtOnOCALTOl rece yere nite 346, 355
—, — Entomological Reports by.. 345
ees El earGl Ciel Vm Eenitioe eatenele mek 345
RING BROTHERS, Parry Lily from
Rea CAI aie hata chee Rice eter A4
RINGGOLD Co., Mounds in........ 109
ROBERTS, EDWARD C., Election as
INGER IMIG SM OSA Morais Bears aca cee 344
ROCKINGHAM, Mounds in......... 115
Rock ISLAND Acad. Class, Ref. to 291
Rocky Mts., Ref. to List of Cole-
Pol oS i 3) ies WOT RE ea rp yea Oy ae (mE 129
— — Locust, Ref.to Report on.... 345
RODDEWIG,PAULO,Electionas Reg.
Wien De tare tasn seme aes ahereenacas ake 347 -
ROENTGEN Rays, Ref. to 4.2.3... - 358
RONDELLES from Mound-skulls,
Occurence: seeks LO euLO eG e tS
Rosa mznutifolia, Ref.to Discov. of 44
ROSACE, Lepturini and.......... 12
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
' Page
Rosny, LEON DE, Ref. to Art. by.. ‘
Ross, W. lis Election as Trustee Rac tolr
—, Report as Member of Com..... 309
= 5VOte Ob hanks) ton 5.1 ceeee 307
ROTHSCHILD, ISAAC, Appointed as
Escort— PARRY Obsequies.... 286
RoyYAL Soc. London, Ref. to Cata-
LOG We SyStem (Ola. were 354
Rust, ‘H.-N: Ref. to Art. byn,a.aee V7)
RYERSON Collection (Univ. Cha.),
Ref, to shell Gorcet lini sees 176
SABULA, Shell-heaps near ........ 83
SAG City,Viounds near & eee 109
— County, Mounds in ............ 109
Sac and Fox Indians, Ref. to Art.
Picturing Sw 6295/2. pene 6
—-— to Catlin ons os9: seal 4
—, Pelt.received from)... oceans 357
SALEM, Mound 's\neare 2. 4.0ceee 80
—, Ref. to Art. on Mounds near...
SAND, Formation of, Ref. to Calvin
OM. ated vil be Stowe ats pote Stee 282
SANDERS, Miss JuLiA, Appoint-
ment/on. Mus. (Comp. sya 308, 320
SANDERS, Mrs. M. A., Ref. to Do-
Nation EONS tins 1, as eee 312
—, — toas First Hon. Member ... 312
SANTO Domingo, Ref. to Arts. on
Botanyrot -by Party. .c. cei 40-
SAN FRANCISCO, see “ Bulletin.”
SAPERDA calcarafa, Occurrence .. 159
== OOUG UES —— a. oe ole a aisle See 159
= LLAMA, es Stag ote 160
Sa WOSLLLL, man cla chee ston youck oe eee 159
SAPRINUS fraternus, —.....-+.:.- 147
== LUGCHS =o, oe aad lee se een 146}
— OLE SONENSIS, —. 0h. cece ewes 147
moe LUANIGUS.. 7) ig eee 147
= SPHETOWUES noche eee 147
SAUSSURE, H. DE, cited by McNeill 188
IgI, 202
SAY, SHOMAS === Sg sca es 186, Ig!
SCAPHIDIIDE Sd aha tele cere bee 2143
SCAPHIDIUM guadriguttatum, Oc-
GuIrrence! 2400 Stee 143
SCAPHISOMA comvexa, — ........ AB
SCARAB BID Be 58.020 eee 155
SCHLIEMANN, HEINRICH, cited by
Berthoud 2). .i. 2s > amie go
SCHMIDT, E., Ref. to Art. by...... 18
SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R., Ref. to
Explorations: ob ences e ieee 3650 Sag
-~ slandisRerntoueye ce concen eee (olsue sy
SCHUFELDT, R. W.,
Neils ai entne tdetes co Riese ene Ig!
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
Page
SCHWARTZ, E. A., Acknowledge-
ments to— WICKHAM .....128, 129
—, Ref. to List of Coleoptera by... 125
SCIENCE, cited by Starr, 10, 11,16,17,18,20
SCIENTIFIC American, List of Arts.
iB Wa hil 22N6) Agee eee An ces cone aeedene 47
SCIENTIST, West Am., — ......... 40
—, Western, cited by Starr........ 6
OO ISN RID Aa tA toe ice Ch dere heen 168
SCOTOCHROA aéra, Occurrence ... 164
eG Tae On MIOUNGS IN sac nhl eae Sea 145
SYMPHORA /flavicollis, — ......... 164
SYMBOL of Day, Aztec, Ref. to.... 176
SYNCHROA punctata, Occurrence.. 164
SIMINE DAs CPU EPL > hb ae oad 160
SYNOPSIS of Proceedings 3-2... 275
— Ort: Esp., cited by McNeill, ..* 193
SMRBULA-WEScriptsw. ca: ha seeeoea 220
Sa Sib a(G hel Cente Mone mtn (omer aes lari 221
— acuticornis, Ref. and Hab...... 223
— MONTEZUMA, — — . 2. eee vase. 222
Sys. Ent., cited by McNeill...... 193
— Nat.-Orthopt. I, -—— ...3...... 193
SPATS IGS (Cin eCtles S04 cet eerie 12
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Page. .2y
TABLETS, Dav., Ref. to Finding, 111, 113
Fao ko ALUSSOM ahs oes eee A, Wg B30e
—, —,— Scientific Importance of . 318
—, “ Douglass,” Illustration of ....
—, Lyons, Ref. to Finding ........ 68
—, Toolsboro; =~... ve enue os ais
—, Webster, — -s..5.. 04.00 enen 80
TABOR, IRA, Elect. as Reg. Memb.
TACHYCELLUS wigrinus, Occur.... 136
TACHYPORUS chrysomelius, — .... 142
== JOCOSUS, 5 iy isa ine ne ee 142
TACHYPTERUS guadrigibbus, ——... 167
TAMA Go: Mounds in=. cca ij) aa
—, Ref. to Art.on Mounds in ..... 3. teae
TATOO Markings, Ref. to..174, 175, 178
TAVLOR Go; Moundsan? 52! 2a 119
TECHNOLOGY, Mass. Inst. of, Ref. }
CONG Ne, oe chav a wicca eine eee 359
=—, Quarterly, =n as eee 362 ~
TEETH, Ref. to Acad. Lessons on.. 290
‘TELEPHORUS cuyrtissiz, Occurrence 153
ss JLAUIDES, ahr oldie, eee 153
= SEALINE ae a 153
Se htINeOld y=, SOP eee 153
SK ECUILS, — 2nd aie satel che hao vent naan 153
— rotundicollis, = so... ce vs ss vee 153
TELESCOPE, Ref. to Purchase of.. 312-4
TENEBRIONID-45.. Sse hee 162
TENEBRIOIDES col/arts, Occur.... 148
TENEBRIO wolilor, == 2... >see 163
<= Len ebr 07H es) en eae 163
TETROPIUM cinnamopterum, —... 156
TEXAS, Fossils, etc., from..... 7... 349
THANASIMUS ¢rzfasctatus, Occur... 154
UN ABTUMUS Re ee 154
THANKS, Extension of... .307, 328, 334,
358, 363, 364
THEBES, “ Father,” Donation from 348 *
THOMAS, Cyrus, cited by McNeill 188 an
I9gI, 193 %
= Rete LON AT ESS ID Viet es 20, 55, 338
THOMPSON, Miss ISABELLA, Ad- a
dressipresented by. ase eee 304 Ni
THOMPSON, JAMES, Address by, In- he
AUSUTAM SS ean eek eee ae 304 Re:
—-, —, President’s Annual......... 304 Ee
—, Appointment as Member of eS
Pb. Comes oat toca "2s 29 Sic
—,-~ Member of Resolutions Com. 286
—, Election as President ...... 295}, 307 a
= == Trust€€s:s ie Wain Sake eee 276. eee
—, Minute of Address by......... 292 pe
—1, Portrait/of presented)... 7 .uceme 308 Sh
—-, Ref. to IlInessand Death of, 301, 314 ee
THOMPSON THERON, kef. to Arts. Aa
lon een Miers See Ny aie dare suc 21 sia
‘THROSCIDZ 3 )to. 2 SEER eae eee I51 es
THROSCUS constrictor, Occurrence. 151
— Punctatusy— iit. 8: Hake 151 ei
INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.
Page
THRUSTON, GATES P., cited by
STALIN? OSG. Ae cla Canoe aie aaese ee 173
THUNBERG, C. P., cited by McNeill 188
194
THUNDERSTORM, Observations dis-
COMPTNTE baton taint Beals sceld Seas 281
THYMALUS fulgidus, Occurrence .. 148
MREGANY, 7. 5.,, cel. to Art: by... »21
TILLINGHAST, B. F., Election as
PIGUS RES ph elcha ala vistors e'a.sists erciste 319
PS ESISNAMOM icici )c'e teases oe 324
MhOwEBO: Wounds near... .to0. sacs 119
Tomicus #272, Occurrence........ 169
TOOoLE, Wmo., Ref. to Art, by...... 21
TOOLESBORO, Mounds near..... 93, 94
—, Reference to Mounds near..... 320
MORRY, JOHN, and C..C. Parry>..:. 40
— Botanical Club, Bulletin cited.. 48
eal NAMING: Of .e'c =, Scape sd Scat 40
TOWNSEND, C. H. TYLER, cited by
12 RE NS Re gD reine eae te 194
TRAGOSOMA harrisiz, Occurrence. 156
TRANSACTIONS, Am. Ent. Soc., cited
DG ECIN GAT 35 2s iain dip des ed wk 194
—, Ill. St. Agr. Soc., V, — —...... 194
TRECHUS cha/ybeus, Occurrence... 132
TREDICK, A., Election as Regular
Milton oreo sh ome epee nae OoOn oom 356
TRICHIUS affizzs, Occurrence...... 156
(URICHODES 770t1@dli, —= 3.5 Se. ose 154
ERTCHORTERVIGINDJS.. 4.0 lactones 143
TRIRHABDA canadensis, Occurrence 161
TRITOMA Auwmeralis, —.........5. 145
S— CHOKAGICR y= 6 sis ajeiajete sae os sb ts 145
TROGOPHLUS, SP. 771C02., —...... 143
0 WWE OF OS eee 143
MG EHO GOST A = 95 Ssceicver cir Ouiels ee 148
TROPISTERNUS g/lader, Occurrence 138
REP FUEL ES a in ire ska. vb wis. wigiclas ws ia e,2 138
Trost, FRED. J., Report as Memb.
of Glazier, Expedition.<2 2 ..F te. 306
TROWBRIDGE, C.5., Ref. to Art. by 21
TRUXALIN& of North America, Re-
vision of, Art. by McNeill..... 179
7 bibliography: of:....0 26/8 2 ccs 182
=a ShieehAGLOTSHOLs.,<\clehae cto be roeiae Zick 18!
==) INGEN AOE SORE aE EER TEL te 195
—, Presentation of Paperon....... 346
—, Reference to Art. on...350, 351, 354
TRUXALIS, Descript. and Ref..... 210
— brevicornis, Ret. 210, Hab...... 212
TRYON, GEORGE W., Reference to
WEA thyOle sas cosines, wee Seles 279
TURKEY River, Mounds near...... 71
TUSCARAWAS River, Flint Imple-
ES SEONINS Sa oss As ayape ees ere ee 348
TWELVE - MILE ISLAND, Arrow-
MEAS EIA GE NOMM 2... crete cisicutis ue 67
TYLONOTUS bimaculatus, Occur... 156
391
F Page
TYMPANOPHORUS functicollis, —.. 141
TYNDALL, JOHN, Resolutions of Re-
She (G8 SRS Sn rae Sires By 323
TYPOCERUS ve/utinus, Occurrence 157
UpDDEN, J. A., Election as Corres-
papdine, Menibers.3¢ fiat 280
—,— as Regular Member........ 334
—, Minute of Lecture by.......... 350
UHLE, MAx, Ref.to Paper by..... I
UHLER, P. R., cited by McNeill... 194
Umanak Foiord, Ref. to Investiga-
TON SHIN Soret te races oe eteckae 359
= = to Scenenyol ... .aNoeee con 360
—, — to Semi-tropical Fossils of... 361
Un10 a/atus, Occur. in Shell-heap. 87
— MCLANCUFUS, -— — oe cccccceces 87
— TULOSUS, — oe nccccececeeeee 87
— pustulosus, — on Tablet........ [14
—, See also “Shells,” River.
UNIVERSITY Extension and D. A.
N.S., Reference to...... xh BOO
UPIS ceramboides, Occurrence..... 163
UROGRAPHIS fasciatus, —......... 159
U. S. Agr. and other Reports, see
“ Reports.”
— Nat. Mus., Acknowledgments to 179
— —, Error-in accrediting to...... 346
-—— —, C. V. Riley's Connection with 346
VAN ALLEN, G. C., Ref.to Art. by. 21
VAN BUREN County, Mounds in... I1g
VANDER VEER, A. W., Vote of
sihankSqo Sse cert enaeer 358
VASEY, GEORGE, C. V. nae and.. 345
VELIE, CHARLES, D. A. N. . Pub-
hicaniunias and dcoce sulso cai 314
=e DOMAMOMEILOUi ys acters cise 4 crete 283
VERTEBRAL Syst., Ref. to Academy
I ESSOMSWODA MR rosee sti eee ote 290
VisiToRS to Museum, Annual Num-
| OYE) pat ect ae een ae ee cag ee re 285, 324
VIVISECTION, Resolutions on..... 358A
WACHSMUTH, CHARLES, Resolu-
OMS OLMINES PECK Meats mnie: peasy
WapbDswortTH, Mrs. W. C., Dona-
HONE TFOMT) seyeeect se cree aateieke 330
—, Reference to Donation from.... 349
WaGNER, H.S., Donation from... 337
o92
: Page
WALKER, FRANCIS, cited by Mc-
Neill: aiid sca alee hae 185, 195
Wazz, F.J., App. as Memb. of Com. 358
—, Election as Regular Member.. 344
MU ECtUne Myr NDStract: acme 289
=; — - Mainuten of seiicn es ee 290, 357
WAPELLO County, Mounds in..... 122
WARREN County, — —........... 124
WASHBURN, GEORGE J., Election as
Regular, Member sa d.eceiae 347
WASHINGTON Evening Star, cited. 21
WATSON, WARREN, Election as
Corresponding Member.......
WEATHER Bureau, Work of the,
Minute of Lecture.on......... 357
— — Proverbs, Minute of Lect. on. 290
WEBSTER City, Mounds near..... 80
WEBSTER, CLEMENT L., Proposal
oOfmlbectune. Dyin aouesteacenie: 310, 321
—, Kef. to Articles by........ 21s 22,56
WEBSTER County, Mounds in..... 12
WESTERN American Scientist, See
“Scientist.”
WESTERN Scientist, — —.
WEVER, Moundsimears. 2 oc.c2. 4. 86
“Wuat Is [t?’’, Reference to Art.
OnpbyiGlaymolemaneinneeice anne 4
WHEATLAND, Mounds near....... 68
WHEELER, M., Election as Regular
IMemiber janet ce cisiae cet ercietucucton 284
WHINERY, S. C., Ref. to Arts. by.. 56
WHITAKER, J. H., Election as Reg-
tla Wiembernt..q semi etek 347
WHITE, C. A., Ref. to Arts. by... .22 D2
WHITE, E. M. , Election as Roald
Membern. 20 sauara oe 347
WHITNEY, A. W., Report as Mem-
ber of Glazier Expedition..... 306
WickHAM, H. F., Articles by, “A
List of Coleoptera from the
Southern Shore of Lake Supe-
rior,’ 125; “ Biograph. Sketch
of Charles Valentine Riley, A.
LG EAS og MB Ps sre erie 5 ces ici Gis 344
—, Election as Corresp. Member... 347
—, Presentation of Papers by. 344, 346
—, Reference to Papers by
WICKHAM, MURS ele ai Gee
edgments LOR scrote crcl cee sitters 130
WILLARD, Ray, Donation from...
WILLIAMS, ——, — —............ 302
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
WILLIAMS, Wo., Ref. to Art. by.. 23
WILSON, THOS., cited by Starr.... 19
WINCHELL, ALEXANDER, Resolu-
LLONS OMINESPECt sy. cee eee 300
WITTER, FM. cited by Stang. ane
-—, Reference to Arts. by... .cee 23, 56
WotcotTt, P. C., Election as Reg-
WENO KScol ee Co Oh Sew oalso bo ac 284
Woopsury County, Moundsin.... 124
WoopmMavN, H. T., cited by Starr.. 19
== , Reference to Article Dyic eee 23
WoODMANSEE, Ross, Ref. to Death
oreo Ean ‘Chicago, Ref. to.. see
308, 320, 322, 328
WorRTHEN, AMoOs H., Ref. to Death
OLEE SARE Micccs)- aoa el ene 279
WiricHn Co: Moundsans +s saeeene 124
WymMan, W.C., Ref. to Communi-
Cation frome yas. cra eee 320
WYOMING, Fossils trom .......... 349
WYOMING Hill, Mound near..... 108
XANTHOLINUS obscurus, Occur.... I4!
== OUSLALANUS, —— 2... selects arco aie tee 141
MARIA S) Ietenence? tO eestor 358
XYLEBORUS c@/atus, Occurrence.. 169
— Sp. incog, —.. 2s hed Seeley
XYLETINUS lugubris, ~ a Seto Aoheheetets 154
XYLOPINUS saperdioides, —.....-- 163
XYLOTRECHUS a7N0Sis, — ...5.-= 157
= "COLOMUS VT iveick'sl show area LOTR CEOS 156
= SOL LLLALUS 0 eee layin is ehets oo oetten 157
| MOU LULALUS ae i eee 157
| YounG, J. B., Appointment on Pub.
(Glo) copes CAM RE nse 308, 320
, Ref. to on Acad. School Work . 291
Youne, J. CHAS,, Vote of Thanks to 358
YOUNG Mineralogist, cited by Starr 3
ZEITSCHRIFT fiir Ethnologie,cited 21,54
ZEUGOPHORA varians, Occurrence 160
- ii
85 00278 288
Rae
4 git Ras
AY
ay
ate
ay
OR
s,
ai nN
Yat
ahaha
Ray
‘th
eda As ae
eo ‘ &
Gers:
AY
oN
et
fa
pant
haa
EASES
Ot